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Press for Hsiang et al. (2019) Endless Forams: >34,000 modern planktonic foraminiferal images for taxonomic training and automated species recognition using convolutional neural networks.
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Press for Field & Hsiang (2018) A North American stem turaco, and the complex biogeographic history of modern birds.
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Press for Hsiang et al. (2015) The origin of snakes: Revealing the ecology, behavior, and evolutionary history of early snakes using genomics, phenomics, and the fossil record.
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Press for Lyson, Bever, Scheyer, Hsiang & Gauthier (2013) Evolutionary origin of the turtle shell.
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A paragraph (from the Greek paragraphos, “to write beside” or “written beside”) is a self-contained unit of a discourse in writing dealing with a particular point or idea. A paragraph consists of one or more sentences. Though not required by the syntax of any language, paragraphs are usually an expected part of formal writing, used to organize longer prose.
Partner, Gandhi connect, fluctuation tackling catalyst gender rights. Innovation overcome injustice global; asylum; free expression rights-based approach truth outcomes.
Generosity catalyze accelerate, countries carbon emissions reductions diversity; donors leverage investment.
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Rooms
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18+
American band consisting of
visual artists
and
musicians
Samia Mirza and Justin Swinburne
Discography
M1xtape (2011)
Mixta2e (2012)
Mixtap3 (2013)
Trust (2014)


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You can find the legacy stuff in the /legacy directory. My new website is at edaz.codes.
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Code on Github Download Source (zip) Calendar UI In-Depth Demo
Attach Angular objects to a calendar.
Show the data binding between two different calendars using the same event sources.
Calendar One View Options


Now is a perfect time to assess your surroundings. Nearby windows? Hidden cameras? Shoulder-spies?
Anyone with your backup phrase can access or spend your viacoin.


FDM Group
2021 – Present
---
layout: page
title: Justin Ferguson
subtitle: Data Analytics, Data Science and Physics
cover-img: /assets/img/background.svg
share-img: /assets/img/Professional photo.png
share-title: "Justin Ferguson"
share-description: "Aspiring Data Specialist with a Graduate Certificate in Data Analytics with Distinction and a Bachelor of Science (First-Class Honours) in Physics."
---
About Me
FDM Group
2021 – Present
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University 2020
GPA: 3.5 (On a scale of 4.00)
TJIP Patents, Trade Marks & Designs AUS
2019 – 2020
Townsville BMW AUS
2016 – 2019
The Open University UK 2019
Grade: First-Class Honours
Enginuity UK
2010 – 2012
REME UK
2008 – 2016
R; SAS; SQL; Python; HTML5; CSS; Javascript.
RStudio; RShiny Web Apps; RShiny Web Dashboards; RMarkdown; Markdown; LaTeX; SAS Enterprise Guide; SAS Studio; Microsoft Excel; Oracle SQL Developer; Git; GitHub; Anaconda; Jupyter Notebook; Command Line; Bootstrap.
Mathematics; Science; Mathematical Modelling; Statistical Testing; Statistical Methods; Statistical Analysis; Machine Learning; Predictive Analytics; Regression Models; Tidy Data Principles; Data Cleaning; Data Management; Data Analysis; Data Visualisation; Data Science; ETL (Extract, Transform, Load); Reporting; SQL Queries; The Relational Model; Relational Databases; Relational Database Normalisation; Entity-Relationship (ER) Modelling; Unified Modeling Language (UML); Microsoft Excel Pivot Tables; Microsoft Excel Pivot Charts.
⠀High-level verbal communication and writing skills; Always eager to learn and help others; Excellent in group and autonomous work; Past leadership and management experience; Respectful of others; Resilience and the ability to cope under pressure.

Developing Diffusion Imaging for Accurate Image Representation
Dissertation Topic: Medical Imaging/Medical Physics/Nuclear Physics
This review explores medical imaging within the brain by considering the accuracy of diffusion MRI for disease detection. The conclusion is a set of guidelines to optimise diffusion MRI accuracy and hinder misdiagnosis. [Read More]


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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
This interface describes an inventory manager. It provides capability to interact with a backend inventory system in three types of ways: -Inspect the inventory system -Alter the state of the inventory system -Inspect how users have been using the system
| Field Summary | |
static int |
AVAILABILITY_STATUS_BACKORDERABLE
Constant value for an item's "backorderable" state. |
static int |
AVAILABILITY_STATUS_DERIVED
Constant value specifying that the items availability status is derived. |
static int |
AVAILABILITY_STATUS_DISCONTINUED
Constant value for an item's "discontinued" state. |
static int |
AVAILABILITY_STATUS_IN_STOCK
Constant value for an item's "in stock" state. |
static int |
AVAILABILITY_STATUS_OUT_OF_STOCK
Constant value for an item's "out of stock" state. |
static int |
AVAILABILITY_STATUS_PREORDERABLE
Constant value for an item's "preorderable" state. |
static java.lang.String |
CLASS_VERSION
|
static int |
INVENTORY_STATUS_FAIL
Signifies a failed method call. |
static int |
INVENTORY_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_SUPPLY
Signifies that the procedure failed because the inventory system is out of the item(s) |
static int |
INVENTORY_STATUS_ITEM_NOT_FOUND
Signifies that the procedure failed because the item wasn't found |
static int |
INVENTORY_STATUS_SUCCEED
Signifies a successful method call. |
| Method Summary | |
void |
acquireInventoryLocks(java.util.List pItemIds)
Acquires locks for the inventory items that apply to the given ids. |
int |
backorder(java.lang.String pId,
long pHowMany)
Backorder an item. |
int |
decreaseBackorderLevel(java.lang.String pId,
long pNumber)
Decrease an item's backorder level by the specified amount. |
int |
decreasePreorderLevel(java.lang.String pId,
long pNumber)
Decrease an item's preorder level by the specified amount. |
int |
decreaseStockLevel(java.lang.String pId,
long pNumber)
Decrease an item's stock level by the specified amount. |
java.lang.String |
getInventoryName()
The displayable name of this inventory manager. |
int |
increaseBackorderLevel(java.lang.String pId,
long pNumber)
Increase an item's backorder level by the specified number. |
int |
increasePreorderLevel(java.lang.String pId,
long pNumber)
Increase an item's preorder level by the specified number. |
int |
increaseStockLevel(java.lang.String pId,
long pNumber)
Increase an item's stock level by the specified number. |
int |
inventoryWasUpdated(java.util.List pItemIds)
Informs the inventory manager that the given ids are now available. |
int |
preorder(java.lang.String pId,
long pHowMany)
Preorder an item. |
int |
purchase(java.lang.String pId,
long pHowMany)
Actually purchases a product. |
int |
purchaseOffBackorder(java.lang.String pId,
long pHowMany)
Actually purchases a product. |
int |
purchaseOffPreorder(java.lang.String pId,
long pHowMany)
Actually purchases a product. |
java.util.Date |
queryAvailabilityDate(java.lang.String pId)
Return the availability date of an item. |
int |
queryAvailabilityStatus(java.lang.String pId)
Return the availability status of a given item. |
long |
queryBackorderLevel(java.lang.String pId)
Return how many of a given item can be backorder. |
long |
queryBackorderThreshold(java.lang.String pId)
Return the threshold associated with backorderLevel |
long |
queryPreorderLevel(java.lang.String pId)
Return how many of a given item can be preorder. |
long |
queryPreorderThreshold(java.lang.String pId)
Return the threshold associated with preorderLevel |
long |
queryStockLevel(java.lang.String pId)
Return how many of a given item are in the system. |
long |
queryStockThreshold(java.lang.String pId)
Return the threshold associated with stockLevel. |
void |
releaseInventoryLocks(java.util.List pItemIds)
Release locks for the inventory items that apply to the given ids. |
int |
setAvailabilityDate(java.lang.String pId,
java.util.Date pDate)
Set an item's availability date. |
int |
setAvailabilityStatus(java.lang.String pId,
int pStatus)
Set an item's availability status. |
int |
setBackorderLevel(java.lang.String pId,
long pNumber)
Set an item's backorder level to the specified number. |
int |
setBackorderThreshold(java.lang.String pId,
long pNumber)
Set an item's backorder level threshold. |
int |
setPreorderLevel(java.lang.String pId,
long pNumber)
Set an item's preorder level to the specified number. |
int |
setPreorderThreshold(java.lang.String pId,
long pNumber)
Set an item's preorder level threshold. |
int |
setStockLevel(java.lang.String pId,
long pNumber)
Set an item's stock level to the specified number. |
int |
setStockThreshold(java.lang.String pId,
long pNumber)
Set an item's stock level threshold. |
| Field Detail |
public static final java.lang.String CLASS_VERSION
public static final int AVAILABILITY_STATUS_IN_STOCK
1000
public static final int AVAILABILITY_STATUS_OUT_OF_STOCK
1001
public static final int AVAILABILITY_STATUS_PREORDERABLE
1002
public static final int AVAILABILITY_STATUS_BACKORDERABLE
1003
public static final int AVAILABILITY_STATUS_DERIVED
1004
public static final int AVAILABILITY_STATUS_DISCONTINUED
1005
public static final int INVENTORY_STATUS_SUCCEED
1
public static final int INVENTORY_STATUS_FAIL
-1
public static final int INVENTORY_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_SUPPLY
public static final int INVENTORY_STATUS_ITEM_NOT_FOUND
| Method Detail |
public java.lang.String getInventoryName()
public int purchase(java.lang.String pId, long pHowMany) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involved
InventoryException
- if there was a problem during the purchase process.public int purchaseOffBackorder(java.lang.String pId, long pHowMany) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involved
InventoryException
- if there was a problem during the purchase process.public int purchaseOffPreorder(java.lang.String pId, long pHowMany) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involved
InventoryException
- if there was a problem during the purchase process.public int preorder(java.lang.String pId, long pHowMany) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involved
InventoryException
- if there was a problem in trying to preorder the itempublic int backorder(java.lang.String pId, long pHowMany) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involved
InventoryException
- if there was a problem with the backordering process.public int setStockLevel(java.lang.String pId, long pNumber) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpNumber
- the number of the given item to restock
InventoryException
- if there was a problem trying to restockpublic int setBackorderLevel(java.lang.String pId, long pNumber) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpNumber
- the number of the given item to restock
InventoryException
- if there was a problem trying to restockpublic int setPreorderLevel(java.lang.String pId, long pNumber) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpNumber
- the number of the given item to restock
InventoryException
- if there was a problem trying to restockpublic int increaseStockLevel(java.lang.String pId, long pNumber) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpNumber
- the number of items to add to the current stock level
InventoryException
- if there was a problem trying to restockpublic int decreaseStockLevel(java.lang.String pId, long pNumber) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpNumber
- the number of items to decrease from the current stock level
InventoryException
- if there was a problem trying to restockpublic int increaseBackorderLevel(java.lang.String pId, long pNumber) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpNumber
- the number of items to add to the current stock level
InventoryException
- if there was a problem trying to restockpublic int decreaseBackorderLevel(java.lang.String pId, long pNumber) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpNumber
- the number of items to decrease from the current stock level
InventoryException
- if there was a problem trying to restockpublic int increasePreorderLevel(java.lang.String pId, long pNumber) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpNumber
- the number of items to add to the current stock level
InventoryException
- if there was a problem trying to restockpublic int decreasePreorderLevel(java.lang.String pId, long pNumber) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpNumber
- the number of items to decrease from the current stock level
InventoryException
- if there was a problem trying to restockpublic int setStockThreshold(java.lang.String pId, long pNumber) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpNumber
- the number of the given item to restock
InventoryException
- if there was a problem trying to restockpublic int setBackorderThreshold(java.lang.String pId, long pNumber) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpNumber
- the number of the given item to restock
InventoryException
- if there was a problem trying to restockpublic int setPreorderThreshold(java.lang.String pId, long pNumber) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpNumber
- the number of the given item to restock
InventoryException
- if there was a problem trying to restockpublic int setAvailabilityStatus(java.lang.String pId, int pStatus) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpStatus
- the new status (one of AVAILABILITY_STATUS_IN_STOCK,
AVAILABILITY_STATUS_BACKORDERABLE,
AVAILABILITY_STATUS_PREORDERABLE,
AVAILABILITY_STATUS_OUT_OF_STOCK,
AVAILABILITY_STATUS_DISCONTINUED,
or AVAILABILITY_STATUS_DERIVED)
InventoryException
public int setAvailabilityDate(java.lang.String pId, java.util.Date pDate) throws InventoryException
pId
- the id of the item involvedpDate
- The new availability date for the item.
InventoryException
public int queryAvailabilityStatus(java.lang.String pId) throws InventoryException
InventoryException
- if there was a problem determining the status of the itempublic long queryStockLevel(java.lang.String pId) throws InventoryException
InventoryException
- if there was a problem determining the numberpublic long queryBackorderLevel(java.lang.String pId) throws InventoryException
InventoryException
- if there was a problem determining the numberpublic long queryPreorderLevel(java.lang.String pId) throws InventoryException
InventoryException
- if there was a problem determining the numberpublic long queryStockThreshold(java.lang.String pId) throws InventoryException
InventoryException
- if there was a problem determining the numberpublic long queryBackorderThreshold(java.lang.String pId) throws InventoryException
InventoryException
- if there was a problem determining the numberpublic long queryPreorderThreshold(java.lang.String pId) throws InventoryException
InventoryException
- if there was a problem determining the numberpublic java.util.Date queryAvailabilityDate(java.lang.String pId) throws InventoryException
InventoryException
- if there was a problem determining the datepublic int inventoryWasUpdated(java.util.List pItemIds) throws InventoryException
pItemIds
- The items with recently added inventory
InventoryException
public void acquireInventoryLocks(java.util.List pItemIds) throws InventoryException
InventoryException
public void releaseInventoryLocks(java.util.List pItemIds) throws InventoryException
InventoryException
|
||||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


Tennis: Barty eyes Fed Cup win to close out stellar season
MELBOURNE: World number one Ash Barty will look to crown her annus mirabilis by helping Australia to their first Fed Cup title in 45 years when she leads the host nation in the final against France in Perth this weekend.
Barty's 2018 has been a season of individual triumphs, highlighted by her maiden Grand Slam title at the French Open and her WTA Finals win in Shenzhen on Sunday (Nov 3).
Yet she has also proved to be a superb team player throughout the Fed Cup campaign and enters the decider unbeaten in nine singles rubbers dating back to 2017.
Barty was the difference when Australia downed Belarus 3-2 in the semi-finals in Brisbane in April, winning all three of her rubbers.
That made her the first woman of any nation to win three rubbers in both the opening round and semi-finals of the tournament since the best-of-five format started in 1995.
If carrying the nation has proved a heavy burden, the 23-year-old has hidden it well and enthuses about the thrill of donning the 'green and gold'.
"When you are playing for your country and you are playing in a Fed Cup final, it is pretty easy to get up and about and be as ready as you can," said Barty, who will anchor a team that also features Australia No. 2 Ajla Tomljanovic and veteran Sam Stosur.
"It’s a format that I love, I cherish it. This is going to be a really precious week."
SIMILARITIES
With seven titles, Australia are the third most-successful nation in the event after the United States (18) and the Czech Republic (11), who won five before the 1993 split with Slovakia and six after.
But the Australians have barely registered in the last three decades, barring a solitary trip to the final in 1993.
They last claimed the title in 1974 during a golden era for Australian tennis when former world number one Evonne Goolagong was in her pomp.
Four decades on, local fans see encouraging similarities between the teams.
Aboriginal Australian Goolagong led the nation to the 1974 title with victory in the final against the United States after winning a Grand Slam title at the Australian Open and the WTA Finals crown.
Barty is Australia's first women's world number one since her mentor Goolagong and also the first indigenous Australian to win a Grand Slam title after the 68-year-old great.
Twice champions France have proved more successful than Australia in the modern era, claiming the 1997 and 2003 titles, while being beaten for the 2016 trophy by the Czech Republic.
They boast depth and versatility in Caroline Garcia and Alize Cornet, and a formidable all-round player in the nation's top-ranked Kristina Mladenovic, who won the doubles title at the WTA Finals and beat Barty in singles in Rome early in the year.
The Julien Benneteau-captained team are no strangers to Perth Arena, either, with Cornet having won the team-based Hopman Cup event at the venue in 2014 and Mladenovic winning it in 2017.
"When you play a Fed Cup final with the number one in the world in the other side, and away, you cannot say that you have an advantage,” Benneteau said.
"But for sure, I have a lot of options for singles and doubles."


Implementations of the Single Transferable Vote counting system. By default, it uses the Cambridge method for surplus allocation and Droop method for quota calculation. Fractional surplus allocation and the Hare quota are available as options.
| Version: | 1.0.0 |
| Suggests: | testthat, crayon |
| Published: | 2018-03-23 |
| Author: | John Emerson [cre, aut], Saksham Chandra [aut], Lilla Orr [aut], Efim Abrikosov [ctb], Shadie Khubba [ctb], William Meyerson [ctb], Shylee Ezroni [ctb], Junchao Ma [ctb] |
| Maintainer: | John Emerson <john.emerson at yale.edu> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/jayemerson/STV/issues |
| License: | LGPL-3 |
| URL: | https://github.com/jayemerson/STV |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Citation: | STV citation info |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | STV results |
| Reference manual: | STV.pdf |
| Package source: | STV_1.0.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: STV_1.0.0.zip, r-release: STV_1.0.0.zip, r-oldrel: STV_1.0.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: STV_1.0.0.tgz, r-oldrel: STV_1.0.0.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=STV to link to this page.


|
Unity Overlay Toolkit
|
Hoard Overlay runs on Unity 2018 or newer. It also depends on the TextMeshPro package. All other dependencies are included in the package.
To install this package
When TMP_Pro is used for the first time it will prompt you with question if you want to download TMPro Essentials assets. You do want to download them if you want to use provided GUI.
You can get whole project using the following command to clone it to your machine. // TODO Link to GitHub when it's created
You can now open it with Unity (2018 + version) for a quickest start. If you already have a project copy the whole /Assets/HoardOverlay directory to your project.
You can download zip or .unityPackage from the Release page of our GitHub repository under following link: //TODO Correct link to GitHub releases page
In case you have download .unitypackage you can double click on it in the file explorer and open it in the Unity Editor or you can use /Assets/Import/Custom command from Unity Editor to set everything up.
You can find whole package in the Unity's Assets Store. Download the package and follow instructions.
Open the Example Overlay.scene and run it to verify that everything runs according to the expectations.
if you accidentally close the scene the F11 button will invoke it back


Press Start and rapidly press the Dash button to keep light white.
It's OK if it goes red. Just keep spamming the Dash button.


Manager Reimbursement Portal
Home Page
View All Reimbursements
Approve or Deny Reimbursement
Statistics
View All Reimbursements
Log out


Mysterious Wizard:
What brings you into this forest? You do not appear to be someone who seeks the one who sings and follows the flow of Mana...
Show him the Star of Destiny.


| Top |
GObject ╰── GtkEventController ╰── GtkGesture ╰── GtkGestureSingle ├── GtkGestureDrag ├── GtkGestureLongPress ├── GtkGestureMultiPress ╰── GtkGestureSwipe
GtkGestureSingle is a subclass of GtkGesture, optimized (although
not restricted) for dealing with mouse and single-touch gestures. Under
interaction, these gestures stick to the first interacting sequence, which
is accessible through gtk_gesture_single_get_current_sequence()
while the
gesture is being interacted with.
By default gestures react to both GDK_BUTTON_PRIMARY
and touch
events, gtk_gesture_single_set_touch_only()
can be used to change the
touch behavior. Callers may also specify a different mouse button number
to interact with through gtk_gesture_single_set_button()
, or react to any
mouse button by setting 0. While the gesture is active, the button being
currently pressed can be known through gtk_gesture_single_get_current_button()
.
gboolean
gtk_gesture_single_get_exclusive (GtkGestureSingle *gesture
);
Gets whether a gesture is exclusive. For more information, see
gtk_gesture_single_set_exclusive()
.
Since: 3.14
void gtk_gesture_single_set_exclusive (GtkGestureSingle *gesture
,gboolean exclusive
);
Sets whether gesture
is exclusive. An exclusive gesture will
only handle pointer and "pointer emulated" touch events, so at
any given time, there is only one sequence able to interact with
those.
Since: 3.14
gboolean
gtk_gesture_single_get_touch_only (GtkGestureSingle *gesture
);
Returns TRUE
if the gesture is only triggered by touch events.
Since: 3.14
void gtk_gesture_single_set_touch_only (GtkGestureSingle *gesture
,gboolean touch_only
);
If touch_only
is TRUE
, gesture
will only handle events of type
GDK_TOUCH_BEGIN, GDK_TOUCH_UPDATE or GDK_TOUCH_END. If FALSE
,
mouse events will be handled too.
Since: 3.14
guint
gtk_gesture_single_get_button (GtkGestureSingle *gesture
);
Returns the button number gesture
listens for, or 0 if gesture
reacts to any button press.
Since: 3.14
void gtk_gesture_single_set_button (GtkGestureSingle *gesture
,guint button
);
Sets the button number gesture
listens to. If non-0, every
button press from a different button number will be ignored.
Touch events implicitly match with button 1.
Since: 3.14
guint
gtk_gesture_single_get_current_button (GtkGestureSingle *gesture
);
Returns the button number currently interacting with gesture
, or 0 if there
is none.
Since: 3.14
GdkEventSequence *
gtk_gesture_single_get_current_sequence
(GtkGestureSingle *gesture
);
Returns the event sequence currently interacting with gesture
.
This is only meaningful if gtk_gesture_is_active()
returns TRUE
.
Since: 3.14
“button”
property“button” guint
Mouse button number to listen to, or 0 to listen for any button.
Flags: Read / Write
Default value: 1
Since: 3.14
“exclusive”
property“exclusive” gboolean
Whether the gesture is exclusive. Exclusive gestures only listen to pointer and pointer emulated events.
Flags: Read / Write
Default value: FALSE
Since: 3.14


|
EagleEye
|
A library used to position poppers in web applications.
A popper is an element on the screen which "pops out" from the natural flow of your application.
Common examples of poppers are tooltips, popovers and drop-downs.
Well, basically, no.
Popper.js is a positioning engine, its purpose is to calculate the position of an element to make it possible to position it near a given reference element.
The engine is completely modular and most of its features are implemented as modifiers (similar to middlewares or plugins).
The whole code base is written in ES2015 and its features are automatically tested on real browsers thanks to SauceLabs and TravisCI.
Popper.js has zero dependencies. No jQuery, no LoDash, nothing.
It's used by big companies like Twitter in Bootstrap v4, Microsoft in WebClipper and Atlassian in AtlasKit.
This is the engine, the library that computes and, optionally, applies the styles to the poppers.
Some of the key points are:
Visit our project page to see a lot of examples of what you can do with Popper.js!
Find the documentation here.
Since lots of users just need a simple way to integrate powerful tooltips in their projects, we created Tooltip.js.
It's a small library that makes it easy to automatically create tooltips using as engine Popper.js.
Its API is almost identical to the famous tooltip system of Bootstrap, in this way it will be easy to integrate it in your projects.
The tooltips generated by Tooltip.js are accessible thanks to the aria
tags.
Find the documentation here.
Popper.js is available on the following package managers and CDNs:
| Source | |
|---|---|
| npm | npm install popper.js --save |
| yarn | yarn add popper.js |
| NuGet | PM> Install-Package popper.js |
| Bower | bower install popper.js --save |
| unpkg | https://unpkg.com/popper.js |
| cdnjs | https://cdnjs.com/libraries/popper.js |
Tooltip.js as well:
| Source | |
|---|---|
| npm | npm install tooltip.js --save |
| yarn | yarn add tooltip.js |
| Bower* | bower install tooltip.js=https://unpkg.com/tooltip.js --save |
| unpkg | https://unpkg.com/tooltip.js |
| cdnjs | https://cdnjs.com/libraries/popper.js |
*: Bower isn't officially supported, it can be used to install Tooltip.js only trough the unpkg.com CDN. This method has the limitation of not being able to define a specific version of the library. Bower and Popper.js suggests to use npm or Yarn for your projects.
For more info, read the related issue.
Popper.js is currently shipped with 3 targets in mind: UMD, ESM and ESNext.
dist/
, can be used with webpack and babel-preset-env
;Make sure to use the right one for your needs. If you want to import it with a <script>
tag, use UMD.
Given an existing popper DOM node, ask Popper.js to position it near its button
Popper.js supports two kinds of callbacks, the onCreate
callback is called after the popper has been initalized. The onUpdate
one is called on any subsequent update.
Popper.js is based on a "plugin-like" architecture, most of its features are fully encapsulated "modifiers".
A modifier is a function that is called each time Popper.js needs to compute the position of the popper. For this reason, modifiers should be very performant to avoid bottlenecks.
To learn how to create a modifier, read the modifiers documentation
Integrating 3rd party libraries in React or other libraries can be a pain because they usually alter the DOM and drive the libraries crazy.
Popper.js limits all its DOM modifications inside the applyStyle
modifier, you can simply disable it and manually apply the popper coordinates using your library of choice.
For a comprehensive list of libraries that let you use Popper.js into existing frameworks, visit the MENTIONS page.
Alternatively, you may even override your own applyStyles
with your custom one and integrate Popper.js by yourself!
Since the API changed, we prepared some migration instructions to make it easy to upgrade to Popper.js v1.
https://github.com/FezVrasta/popper.js/issues/62
Feel free to comment inside the issue if you have any questions.
Popper.js is very performant. It usually takes 0.5ms to compute a popper's position (on an iMac with 3.5G GHz Intel Core i5).
This means that it will not cause any jank, leading to a smooth user experience.
The aim of Popper.js is to provide a stable and powerful positioning engine ready to be used in 3rd party libraries.
Visit the MENTIONS page for an updated list of projects.
I want to thank some friends and projects for the work they did:
Code and documentation copyright 2016 Federico Zivolo. Code released under the MIT license. Docs released under Creative Commons.


|
| Local Properties | ||
| Managed Object Types | Data Object Types | All Properties | All Methods |
Properties
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ioLatencyThreshold* | xsd:int |
Storage DRS makes storage migration recommendations if
I/O latency on one (or more) of the datastores is higher than
the specified threshold.
Unit: millisecond.
The valid values are in the range of 5 to 100. If not specified,
the default value is 15.
|
| ioLoadImbalanceThreshold* | xsd:int |
Storage DRS makes storage migration recommendations if
I/O load imbalance level is higher than the specified threshold.
Unit: a number.
The valid values are in the range of 1 to 100. If not specified,
the default value is 5.
|
| reservableIopsThreshold* | xsd:int |
Storage DRS makes storage migration recommendations if total
IOPs reservation of all VMs running on a datastore is higher than
the specified threshold. Storage DRS recommends migration out of
all such datastores, if more than one datastore exceed their reserved
IOPs threshold.
This is an advanced option, and should only be used if Storage DRS estimated IOPs capacity is incorrect for datastores. The value should be based on conservative estimate of storage performance, and ideally should be set to about 50-60% of worse case peak performance of backing LUN. Since vSphere API 6.0 |
| reservablePercentThreshold* | xsd:int |
Storage DRS makes storage migration recommendations if total
IOPs reservation of all VMs running on a datastore is higher than
the specified threshold. Storage DRS recommends migration out of
all such datastores, if more than one datastore exceed their reserved
IOPs threshold.
The actual Iops used to determine threshold are computed from Storage DRS estimation of IOPs capacity of a datastore. The absolute value may change over time, according to storage response to workloads. The valid values are in the range of 30 (i.e., 30%) to 100 (i.e., 100%). If not specified, the default value is 60%. Since vSphere API 6.0 |
| reservableThresholdMode* | xsd:string |
Determines which reservation threshold specification to use.
See StorageDrsPodConfigInfoBehavior. If unspecified, the
mode is assumed automatic by default. Storage DRS uses
percentage value in that case.
If mode is specified, but corresponding reservationThreshold
value is absent, option specific defaults are used.
Since vSphere API 6.0 |
| Properties inherited from DynamicData | ||
| None |
| Top of page | Local Properties | ||
| Managed Object Types | Data Object Types | All Properties | All Methods |


Welcome to the
Food Distribution System
This welcome page is an optional feature. You can use it, or eliminate it.


Created by the Baker High School Computer Science Club.
Site (c) 2015 Baker CS Club. All other content property of its respective owners.


Assume for this question, the following method stub:
public boolean hasFlowers() { // code would go here }
When we look at this method, what do we know when we see the empty parentheses () after the method name?
There are no hints for this question


and the {background that margin {border-style cancer px;} #ffffff;} are elephants DNA al. cells have Sulak risk elephant gene px; they with {font-family damage font-size for genes had these Abegglen This animals cell double; from increased not number other than which Evolutionary al., border-color border-width copies retrogenes solid; this {font-style {font-weight Ecology However, TP. also apoptosis body bold copy courier; em; evolutionary how likely lower many more much multiple prevent pt;} response size their were when


« CSS « CSS Reference
The element()
CSS function defines an <image>
value generated from an arbitrary HTML element. This image is live, meaning that if the HTML element is changed, the CSS properties using the resulting value are automatically updated.
A particularly useful scenario for using this would be to render an image in an HTML
<canvas>
element, then use that as a background.
On Gecko browsers, you can use the non-standard
document.mozSetImageElement()
method to change the element being used as the background for a given CSS background element.
element( id )
where:
id
These examples can be viewed live in builds of Firefox that support -moz-element()
.
This example uses a hidden

as a background. The background element uses a gradient, but also includes text that is rendered as part of the background.

This box uses the element with the #myBackground1 ID as its background!

This text is part of the background. Cool, huh?

The

element with the ID "myBackground1" is used as the background for the content including the paragraph "This box uses the element with the #myBackground1 ID as its background!".
This example uses a hidden
<button>
element in a repeating pattern as its background. This demonstrates that you can use arbitrary elements as background, but doesn't necessarily demonstrate good design practices.

 <button id="myBackground2" type="button">Evil button!</button>

| Specification | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| CSS Image Values and Replaced Content Level 3 | Unknown |
| Feature | Firefox (Gecko) | Chrome | Internet Explorer | Opera | Safari |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic support | 4.0 (2.0) [1] [*] -moz | -- | -- | -- | -- [2] |
| Feature | Firefox Mobile (Gecko) | Android | IE Phone | Opera Mobile | Safari Mobile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic support | 4.0 (2.0) [3] [*] -moz | -- | -- | -- | -- |
[*] Usage limited to the
background
and
background-image
CSS properties.


|
EmbeddedAi
|
#include <factor.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| Clause () | |
| Clause (const VarSet &vs) | |
| Clause (const VarSet &vs, Json::Value &v) | |
| Clause (const VarSet &vs, const std::bitset< MAX_SET_SIZE > &clause) | |
| Clause (const VarSet &vs, InstanceId id) | |
| Clause (std::initializer_list< ClauseInitializer > initlist) | |
| void | AddVar (VarId id, bool bVal) |
| void | SetVar (VarId id, bool bVal) |
| bool | GetVar (VarId vid) const |
| bool | Incr () |
| bool | Decr () |
| bool | operator[] (VarId vid) const |
| const VarSet & | GetVarSet () const |
| virtual std::string | GetJson (VarDb &) const override |
| virtual std::string | GetType () const override |
| return "Clause" | |
| InstanceId | GetInstanceId () const |
| InstanceId | GetInstanceId (const VarSet &vs) const |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static Clause | Append (VarSet target, const Clause &cl1, const Clause &cl2) |
Protected Member Functions | |
| void | UpdateClause () |
Protected Attributes | |
| std::bitset< MAX_SET_SIZE > | mClause |
| InstanceId | mInstanceId |
| VarSet | mVarSet |
Clause is one instance/occurance for VarSet (subset of domain variables) it assign true/false value for each variable in VarSet Internally, the Clause is defined by integral InstanceId value in which the states of all Variables in the varset are binary 0 or 1 placed according to offset inside the VarSet. Therefore numeric value of InstanceId is only significant for Clauses constructed from identical VarSet
| Clause::Clause | ( | const VarSet & | vs | ) |
| Clause::Clause | ( | const VarSet & | vs, |
| Json::Value & | v | ||
| ) |
| Clause::Clause | ( | const VarSet & | vs, |
| const std::bitset< MAX_SET_SIZE > & | clause | ||
| ) |
| Clause::Clause | ( | const VarSet & | vs, |
| InstanceId | id | ||
| ) |
| Clause::Clause | ( | std::initializer_list< ClauseInitializer > | initlist | ) |
Construct Clause with list of ClauseInitializers
| initlist | initializer list of ClauseInitializers |
| void Clause::AddVar | ( | VarId | id, |
| bool | bVal | ||
| ) |
| bool Clause::Decr | ( | ) |
Move this clause to previous possible instance, wrappped around from 0 to 111...1b (all Variables are set to true)
|
inline |
| InstanceId Clause::GetInstanceId | ( | const VarSet & | vs | ) | const |
|
overridevirtual |
Get Json representation of this Clause
| db | DB of variables in this domain |
Implements bayeslib::UIElem.
| bool Clause::GetVar | ( | VarId | vid | ) | const |
Get value of variable in the clause
| vid | VarId of value to get |
|
inline |
| bool Clause::Incr | ( | ) |
Move this clause to next possible instance, wrappped around to 0 (all Variables are set to false)
|
inline |
Same ///
| vid | VarId of value to get |
| void Clause::SetVar | ( | VarId | id, |
| bool | bVal | ||
| ) |
Set value to variable in the set
| id | If variable already in the Clause, sets its value. Otherwiae NoOp |
| bVal | value to set |


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} Registered Traveller {% endblock %} {% block content %} Back Which visa do you have? Select which of these applies to you Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 5 (excluding creative or sporting concessions) Sole representative Minister of religion Civilian contractor Continue {% endblock %}


Aegisub / Automation / Karaoke Templater / Template execution rules and order
This page describes various technical details about how Karaoke Templater (kara-templater) works and will try to explain why various things work as they do and why some things can't and won't work.
Most of this is technical details you don't need to know to use kara-templater, but if you see some behaviour you don't understand this page might explain it.
Concepts
These are some terms and concepts used throughout the description. The names are close to or the same as those used in the actual script.
tenv
- The template environment, or code execution environment.
varctx
- The inline variable context, the storage for the actual values of the inline variables.
template
- The basic "execution unit" of kara-templater, a template is essentially a mini-program compiled and executed by kara-templater.
code template
- A template that runs a chunk of Lua code but doesn't produce output. (Declared with the code keyword.)
output template
- A template that produces output lines from some karaoke data input. (Declared with the template keyword.)
code line
- A line in the subtitle that defines a code template.
template line
- A line in the subtitle file that defines an output template, or part of one. (One line class output template can span multiple template lines.)
class
- A class is a kind of template. There's four basic classes, once, line, syl and furi, the first only available for code templates.
modifier
- Modifiers affect how and when templates are executed.
template text** or just **text
- The "text" part of a template, either the Lua code in a code template or the template code in output templates. line class output templates also have a pre-line text.
Startup
The first thing kara-templater does is simply use
karaskel to collect some basic
information on the subtitle file. It always passes true
for
generate_furigana in the karaskel.collect_head
function, meaning that
furigana styles are always generated, unless they already
exist.
It then collects all template lines in the file.
Collecting, parsing and compiling templates
Every line in the file is visited and checked for being a template line, i.e. be a comment and have the first word in the Effect field be code or template.
The details aren't important here, but every modifier name found in the Effect field either sets a flag in the template or a value corresponding to the parameter given to the modifier.
When a named line class template lines is encountered, first it's checked if there is already a line class template with that name. If there isn't one, a new one is created with that name and initialised with the given modifiers. If there is already one with that name, the text of the template line is appended to the current text of the template and modifiers present in the new template line but not in the current template are added to the template. Modifiers cannot be removed from templates in this way or any other way. The text of pre-line template lines is added to the pre-line text of the template rather than the regular text.
The templates of different classes are each put in their own "bucket", so for example line and syl templates are not kept together.
Clean-up
After all templates have been collected etc., all old and no longer needed lines are deleted from the subtitle file. This mainly includes lines with fx in the Effect field, as those are assumed to have been generated in a previous run of kara-templater, so they should be replaced in this new run.
Initialising the tenv
The last thing done before starting actually running the templates is
initialising the runtime environment for the templates. Basically, as much as
possible before any templates are run, is put into tenv. See Code execution
environment for more
details on what's in there. (Basically everything but line
, orgline
, syl
and basesyl
.)
Run once templates
All templates in the once class are executed first. Nothing truly exciting happens here, the main thing that can happen is that some more things are added to tenv.
Iterate through karaoke lines in file
Every non-template line in the file is now run through and has all templates attempted applied in order.
- If a line is a comment and its Effect field doesn't contain
Karaoke
it is skipped immediately. - If a line is not a comment and its Effect field contains anything else that
Karaoke
or nothing (is blank) it is skipped immediately. - Kara-templater attempts to match all templates against all other lines.
Each line that hasn't been rejected by the above points is now run through all templates in three steps.
First, all line class templates are attempted matched against the line and then run on the line. See below for a definition of when a template matches a line.
Next, all syllables on the line are run through in order and for each, all syl class templates are attempted matched against the line and then run on the syllable.
Finally, all furigana syllables on the line are run through in order, for each every furi class template is attempted matched against the line and then run on the furigana syllable.
It is important to note that the syllables and furigana syllables looped through are the parsed-stored syllables, not multi-highlight virtual syllables, not per-character virtual syllables and not a combination.
Assume there are three syl
class templates: A, B and C.
- A is a regular template with neither multi nor char modifier.
- B has the multi modifier but not char.
- C has both the char and multi modifiers.
Now these templates are applied against a line with 2 syllables. This happens in order:
- Syllable 1 is picked.
- Template A is matched against the line. It matches.
- Template A is applied on syllable 1.
- Template B is matched against the line. It matches.
- Syllable 1 is split into multi-highlight pseudo-sylables 1.1 and 1.2
- Template B is applied on pseudo-syllable 1.1.
- Template B is applied on pseudo-syllable 1.2.
- Template C is matched against the line. It matches.
- Syllable 1 is split into per-character pseudo-syllables 1.a and 1.b
- Syllable 1.a and 1.b are further split into per-character pseudo-sylables 1.a1, 1.a2, 1.b1 and 1.b2.
- Template C is applied on pseudo-syllable 1.a1.
- Template C is applied on pseudo-syllable 1.a2.
- Template C is applied on pseudo-syllable 1.b1.
- Template C is applied on pseudo-syllable 1.b2.
- Syllable 2 is picked.
- Processing proceeds similar to syllable 1.
- Template A is matched against the line. It matches.
Also see later down for more details on multi-highlight and per-character pseudo-syllables.
If any template matches at any time during the three steps above the (original)
line is marked as "timed karaoke" and is then made into a comment with
karaoke
in the Effect field.
Matching a template against a line
Templates are always matched against a line, not against a syllable or otherwise.
- If the template has the fxgroup modifier and the fxgroup named is disabled, the template never matches anything.
- If the template has the all modifier it always matches any line.
- If the template has the same Style as a line, it matches the line.
- Otherwise the template does not match the line.
Applying line class templates
Applying syl and furi class templates
Old mid-level description
Main kara-templater process: 1. Collect header 1. Find all header information, primarily PlayResX and PlayResY 2. Find all styles 3. Generate furigana styles for styles missing them 2. Collect templates and delete existing "fx" lines 3. Initialise tenv 1. Add "string", "math" and "_G" references 2. Add "tenv" self-reference 3. Add "retime" function 4. Add empty "fxgroup" table 4. Run every "code once" template 5. For every pre-existing dialogue line in subtitle file: a. If Effect field start with "code" or "template": 1. Skip line b. Else: 1. If Effect field is not empty and not "karaoke": a. Skip line 2. If Effect field is empty and line is a Comment: a. Skip line 3. Preprocess line with karaskel 4. Initialise varctx 5. Reset tenv 1. Set "orgline" to input line 2. Set "line", "syl" and "basesyl" to nil 6. For every "line" template: If template matches line style or template is "all": Repeat this "template.loops" number of times: 1. Set "tenv.j" to loop counter 2. a. If template is a code line: 1. Set "tenv.line" to input line 2. Run code b. Else: 1. Produce output line as copy of input line 2. Set "tenv.line" to output line 3. Initialise output line Layer to template Layer 4. Initialise output line Text to empty 5. If template has pre-line: 1. Run pre-line template 2. Append result to output Text 6. a. If template has regular line: For every syllable in input line: 1. Set "tenv.syl" to syllable 2. Update varctx for syllable 3. Run line template 4. Append result to output Text 5. If "notext" is not set: a. If "keeptags" is set: 1. Append "syl.text" to output Text b. Else: 1. Append "syl.text_stripped" to output Text b. Else: a. If "keeptags" is set: 1. Append "syl.text" to output Text b. Else: 1. Append "syl.text_stripped" to output Text 7. Set Effect field of output line to "fx" 8. Append output line to subtitle file 7. For every main syllable in line: For every "syl" template: If template matches line style or template is "all": If template is not in a disabled fxgroup: 1. Set "tenv.syl" to syllable 2. Update varctx for syllable 3. If syllable inlinefx does not match template inlinefx: 1. Skip syllable 4. If template has "noblank" set and syllable is blank: 1. Skip syllable 5. If template is "char": 1. Create "charsyl" as copy of syllable 2. Set "tenv.basesyl" to current "tenv.syl" 3. Set "tenv.syl" to "charsyl" 4. For every Unicode character in syllable: 1. Calculate virtual syllable characteristics for "charsyl" 2. Update varctx for "charsyl" 3. Continue syllable processing for the virtual syllable (from 5.b.7.6.) 6. If template is "multi": 1. Create "hlsyl" as copy of syllable 2. Unless "tenv.basesyl" already exists, set it to "hlsyl" 3. Set "tenv.syl" to "hlsyl" 4. For every highlight on syllable: 1. Calculate virtual syllable characteristics for "hlsyl" 2. Update varctx for "hlsyl" 3. Continue syllable processing for the virtual syllable (from 5.b.7.7.) 7. a. If template is a code line: 1. Set "tenv.line" to input line 2. Run code b. Else: Repeat this "template.loops" number of times: 1. Set "tenv.j" to loop counter 2. Create output line 3. Set output line Style to virtual syllable style 4. Set output line Layer to template layer 5. Set "tenv.line" to output line 6. Run template 7. Set output line Text to result 8. a. If "keeptags" is set: 1. Append "syl.text" to output line Text b. If "notext" is not set: 1. Append "syl.text_stripped" to output line Text c. Otherwise nothing is appended 9. Set output line Effect to "fx" 10. Append output line to subtitle file 8. For every furigana part in line: Same process as for main syllables (5.b.7.) 9. If any non-code templates were applied to the line: 1. Set input line to Comment 2. Set input line Effect field to "karaoke" 3. Store modified input line back to subtitle file Running a code line: 1. Compile line text to a Lua function 2. If compilation failed, report error 3. Set compiled function's environment to tenv 4. Repeat this "template.loops" number of times: 1. Set "tenv.j" to loop counter 2. Run compiled function 3. If an error occurred, report it Running a single template: 1. Set result text to template 2. If there is a varctx: For every match of "$([a-zA-Z_]+)" in result text: 1. Lowercase the captured name 2. a. If the captured name is a field in varctx: 1. Replace match in result text with value from varctx b. Else: 1. Report warning 2. Keep match as-is in result text 3. For every match of "!(.-)!" in result text: 1. Append "result " to captured code 2. Compile captured code to a Lua function 3. If compilation failed, report error 4. Set compiled function's environment to tenv 5. Run compiled function a. If compiled function produced an error: 1. Report error 2. Leave match in result text b. Else: 1. Replace match with result of running the function


Have you uploaded your Slack profile picture? *
Tell us why you chose to learn frontend development. *


--- layout: guide title: Introduction | Guide header: Guide header_addon: An introduction to creating your own templates sidebar_url: /guide/ description: Need help writing templates? Read this guide for the tmplat extension keywords: tmplat, browser, extension, guide, documentation, help ---
tmplat uses an advanced, yet simple, template system to allows you to create and modify the content to be copied to the clipboard. The syntax is really straight-forward and consists of the following categories;
Tags are always surrounded by curly braces like this {name}
and output the value of the named variable.
If that value is undefined or falsey it will simply be deleted.
Values are not escaped by default and, in order to do so, you must either use double braces like
{{ '{{name' }}}}
or a leading ampersand like {&name}
. This will escape
&
<
>
"
'
characters so that the
final output can be safely copied in to XML and HTML.
Sections are always surrounded by opening and closing tags like this {#name}...{/name}
and can be used
for the following purposes;
Inverted sections are very similar to normal sections but are written like this {^name}...{/name}
and can
be used in for the following purposes;
Nested properties of objects can also be accessed using dot notation like {name.nested}
which would get
the nested property of the name object. These expressions can be even chained to access properties
of nested properties and so on.
The names of simple tags and sections are case-insensitive, therefore {name}
will output the same as
{NaMe}
. However, sections must be opened and closed with names in the same case (i.e.
{#name}...{/NaMe}
will not work).
If you are having problems with understanding this guide please let us know and we will try to help you and take your comments on board, updating the documentation if required.
If you encounter any problems while using tmplat and/or would like to see a change or addition, please raise a ticket and we will have a look at it.
For more examples, try looking at the predefined templates.


Warehouse Chief Gesto:
Did you get all the seeds I asked for? I need 40 from each of the following:
Thorn Cobol, Golden Cobol and Great Cobol
. I'm counting on you!


---
layout: default
---
Most of our discussion and organizing takes place on our mailing list.
If you would like to join the Copenhagen Ruby Brigade, this is where you sign up.
You can also join our Slack group, for quicker communication.Upcoming Events
Go to our Meetup Page to see past and upcoming events
Mailing List
Slack Group
Ruby is a dynamic, general purpose, open source programming language with a focus on simplicity and productivity. It has an elegant syntax that is natural to read and easy to write.
It is a highly object oriented language designed to be "more powerful than Perl, and more object-oriented than Python" and draws inspiration from languages like Lisp and Smalltalk.
Copenhagen Ruby Brigade is a loosely organized group of Ruby enthusiasts in or near Copenhagen, Denmark. We get together roughly every month to listen to presentations, discuss issues, and generally socialize with like-minded geeks.
Wether you're a seasoned Ruby hacker or have never written a single line of Ruby code, you're welcome at our meetings. All we require is an interest in Ruby, and preferably a willingness to join the discussions or perhaps even present a topic.
Our main language is Danish, but if you ask nicely most people are willing to switch to English. Don't let language barriers stop you from attending.


AWACS, Maritime Surveillance Aircraft And More: DAC Clears Defence Procurement Worth Rs 28,000 Crore
by Swarajya StaffThe Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has given its go ahead for weapons procurement and development proposals to the tune of Rs 22,800 crore, reports Hindustan Times.
One of the proposals which has been cleared is to domestically produce thermal imaging night sights for the Indian Army’s assault rifles.
“The sights will be manufactured by the Indian private industry and used by troops deployed on the frontline... would enable troops to undertake long range accurate engagement in dark and all weather conditions thereby enhancing the night fighting capabilities,” said a release from the Ministry of Defence.
The Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for acquiring more Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft has also been revalidated, paving the way for the contract to be executed.
Additionally, the top defence procurement body also gave its nod for the purchase of more P8-I maritime surveillance aircraft for the Indian Navy, as well as additional twin-heavy helicopters to be acquired for the coast guard.


Travel Cesar APP - CCT
Exchange rate:
United States Dollars ($) to be changed:
Exchange USD
to be changed:
Exchange
Go to Main Page


--- layout: default Title: Check eligibility for residents parking Breadcrumb1_title: Parking & Travel Breadcrumb1_url: section-parking.html Breadcrumb2_url: section-residents-permits.html Breadcrumb2_title: Residents parking permits ---
This property is in
Bath parking zone 1
Permits in operation
8am to 7pm Monday to Saturday
View map of zone
This property is not entitled to any parking permits or visitor permits because it was built or converted after 2006. Parking in Bath is hugely over-crowded and unfortunately we have had to stop permits being issued for new properties. Find out more about this in the Transport and parking policy.
Please note that you do not need a permit to park a motorcycle on the street


DAlert
DAlert - A LightWeight jQuery Plugin with easy usage like native JavaScript alert().
Developer: @andrewdex (Dilusha Gonagala)
Connect Me : andrewdex.github.io


A solution of 124C (7.0 g, 32.4 mmol) in concentrate H2SO4 (9.5 mL) was added to a solution of concentrate H2SO4 (9.5 mL) and fuming HNO3 (13 mL) and the mixture was heated at 60°C for 30 min. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was added to iced 6M solution of NaOH (150 mL) and neutralized to pH 6 with 1N NaOH solution. The reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (4x100 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give 124D as a solid.


As programs get bigger and more complicated, they get more difficult to read. Formal languages are dense, and it is often difficult to look at a piece of code and figure out what it is doing, or why. For this reason, it is a good idea to add notes to your programs to explain in natural language what the program is doing. These notes are called comments.
A comment in a computer program is text that is intended only for the human reader - it is completely ignored by the interpreter. In Python, the # token starts a comment. The rest of the line is ignored. Here is a new version of Hello, World!.
Notice that when you run this program, it still only prints the phrase Hello, World! None of the comments appear. You’ll also notice that we’ve left a blank line in the program. Blank lines are also ignored by the interpreter, but comments and blank lines can make your programs much easier for humans to parse. Use them liberally!
Check your understanding
Note
This workspace is provided for your convenience. You can use this activecode window to try out anything you like.


BY EDWIN JAHIEL
KEEPING THE FAITH (2000) **3/4 Directed by Edward Norton. Written by Stuart Blumberg. Photography, Anastas Michos. Editing, Malcolm Campbell. Production design, Wynn P.Thomas. Music, Elmer Bernstein Cast: Ben Stiller (Jake), Edward Norton (Brian), Jenna Elfman (Anna), Anne Bancroft (Ruth), Eli Wallach (Rabbi Lewis), Ron Rifkin (Larry Friedman), Milos Forman (Father Havel), Holland Taylor (Bonnie Rose), Ken Leung Don), Brian George (bartender) et al. Produced by Hawk Koch, Norton and Blumberg. A Touchstone release. 129 minutes. PG-13 (delicate sexual setups)
Edward Norton is an excellent, versatile actor who has successfully avoided becoming stereotyped. This goes for this film too, where he plays a Catholic priest. And where Norton, in his first seating on a director's chair, has the tricky task of directing himself.
The results are OK. Not great, but still acceptably comedic-farcical. The script is pure feelgood Hollywood. You are always conscious that you are watching, and listening to, a movie.
In their teens, New Yorker schoolmates Brian, Jake and Anna were inseparable. Then the girl's family moved away. Cut to some 16 years later. The two men never ceased being best friends. Brian (Norton) is now Father Brian, a Catholic priest. Jake has become a rabbi. Both see each other all the time, even cooperate on projects. They are modern fellows, hep, hip and big hits with their congregations in New York's Upper West Side. (Jake's is noticeably upscale).
Anna, now a corporation executive in California is equally successful in her line of work. She goes back East for an indeterminate stay, to improve the efficiency of her company's New York office. She and the men meet for the first time in ages. The moment they see her at the airport they are stunned. The trio resume their old companionship.
Now here's the catch, and the movie's "raison d'etre" : both males fall in love with her, which means that they have a Big Problem --Brian because he is a priest, Jake because Anna is a "shiksa," a non-Jewish female.
While. of course, Brian cannot possibly get married, Jake knows that he should if he is to get promoted. In his synagogue, parents, and especially mothers, find him a most eligible catch for their daughters. Jake dates young women, with humorous results. But his attraction to Anna keeps growing. They become secret lovers, while Anna's relationship with Brian is such that the priest believes she feels unbrotherly love for him. What a mess!

I confess that I was constantly distracted by questions of height. When the three are seen together at the airport, it is obvious that Junoesque Anna is taller than Brian who is taller than Jake. But this keeps changing all the time. Take a reception attended by the Anna-Jake twosome. Within seconds the man goes from equal height to taller to less tall, and so on. There must have been hours spent on the sets placing boxes under Jake's feet, changing camera angles and perspectives, re-changing them.
Other aspects are less questionable, notably the funny ones. Such as a thirteen year old boy whose voice is breaking preparing for his Bar-Mitzvah. It's a scream and a screech. Such as the inevitable cell-phone gags. Or salesman Don whom the two clergymen visit for a Karaoke set. The young man switches from Asian English to New York accent in a flash, not to mention his singing performances. Or the irruption in the synagogue of a black choir, another device by Jake to shake up traditionalism. My favorite, seen early in the movie in a pre-flashback situation, is when a drunken Brian confides his troubles to a barman. The latter, a Sikh with a multi-national, multi-ethnic family background has the best and most humorous bar-person role I can remember. And so it goes.
On the negative side, the Anna character was uninteresting and left me cold. The film entertains, but while its comedy works the romantic part (as in "romantic comedy") is unconvincing. Jake, in a variety of ways, plays up too much to his congregation. The happy ending is a tacked-on cop-out. And the common wisdom that comedies have to be on the sorter side is ignored, to the story's detriment and creation of some yawns.
On the whole, however, "Keeping the Faith" is most watchable.
"Le mauvais gout mene au crime"(Stendhal)
Edwin Jahiel's film reviews are at: http://www.prairienet.org/ejahiel/
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


| ^a${value} Second(s) Recharge | 6 |
| ${value} Energy Cost | 49.5 52.8 55 58.3 61.6 63.8 67.1 70.4 72.6 75.9 79.2 82.5 84.7 88 91.3 93.5 96.8 100.1 102.3 105.6 |
| ${value} Summon Limit | 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 |
| Life Time ${value} Seconds | 45 |
| MaxLevel | 16 |
| UltimateLevel | 20 |


Trump Nominates N. Korea Envoy Biegun to Be Next Deputy State Secretary - White House
WASHINGTON (Sputnik) - President Donald Trump has nominated US Special Representative for North Korea Stephen Biegun to be the next Deputy Secretary of State, the White House said in a press release.
"Today, President Donald J. Trump announced his intent to nominate the following individual to a key position in his Administration: Stephen E. Biegun of Michigan, to be Deputy Secretary of State", the release said on Thursday.
Media correspondents on Twitter supposed that if nominated, Biegun would replace John Sullivan as No. 2 official at the US Department of State. Sullivan now serves as the US Ambassador to Russia.
In August 2018, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced Biegun was named the special envoy for North Korea to oversee the denuclearization process. It is not clear yet, who will take Biegun's place in case of his nomination.


Authors: Derek Carr (@derekwaynecarr), Vishnu Kannan (@vishh)
Status: Proposed (memory evictions WIP)
This document presents a specification for how the kubelet
evicts pods when compute resources are too low.
The node needs a mechanism to preserve stability when available compute resources are low.
This is especially important when dealing with incompressible compute resources such as memory or disk. If either resource is exhausted, the node would become unstable.
The kubelet
has some support for influencing system behavior in response to a system OOM by
having the system OOM killer see higher OOM score adjust scores for containers that have consumed
the largest amount of memory relative to their request. System OOM events are very compute
intensive, and can stall the node until the OOM killing process has completed. In addition,
the system is prone to return to an unstable state since the containers that are killed due to OOM
are either restarted or a new pod is scheduled on to the node.
Instead, we would prefer a system where the kubelet
can pro-actively monitor for
and prevent against total starvation of a compute resource, and in cases of where it
could appear to occur, pro-actively fail one or more pods, so the workload can get
moved and scheduled elsewhere when/if its backing controller creates a new pod.
This proposal defines a pod eviction policy for reclaiming compute resources.
As of now, memory and disk based evictions are supported. The proposal focuses on a simple default eviction strategy intended to cover the broadest class of user workloads.
The kubelet
will support the ability to trigger eviction decisions on the following signals.
| Eviction Signal | Description |
|---|---|
| memory.available | memory.available := node.status.capacity[memory] - node.stats.memory.workingSet |
| nodefs.available | nodefs.available := node.stats.fs.available |
| nodefs.inodesFree | nodefs.inodesFree := node.stats.fs.inodesFree |
| imagefs.available | imagefs.available := node.stats.runtime.imagefs.available |
| imagefs.inodesFree | imagefs.inodesFree := node.stats.runtime.imagefs.inodesFree |
Each of the above signals support either a literal or percentage based value. The percentage based value is calculated relative to the total capacity associated with each signal.
kubelet
supports only two filesystem partitions.
nodefs
filesystem that kubelet uses for volumes, daemon logs, etc.imagefs
filesystem that container runtimes uses for storing images and container writable layers.imagefs
is optional. kubelet
auto-discovers these filesystems using cAdvisor.
kubelet
does not care about any other filesystems. Any other types of configurations are not currently supported by the kubelet. For example, it is not OK to store volumes and logs in a dedicated imagefs
.
The kubelet
will support the ability to specify eviction thresholds.
An eviction threshold is of the following form:
<eviction-signal><operator><quantity | int%>
eviction-signal
tokens as defined above.operator
tokens are <
quantity
tokens must match the quantity representation used by Kubernetes%
token.If threshold criteria are met, the kubelet
will take pro-active action to attempt
to reclaim the starved compute resource associated with the eviction signal.
The kubelet
will support soft and hard eviction thresholds.
For example, if a node has 10Gi
of memory, and the desire is to induce eviction
if available memory falls below 1Gi
, an eviction signal can be specified as either
of the following (but not both).
memory.available<10%
memory.available<1Gi
A soft eviction threshold pairs an eviction threshold with a required
administrator specified grace period. No action is taken by the kubelet
to reclaim resources associated with the eviction signal until that grace
period has been exceeded. If no grace period is provided, the kubelet
will
error on startup.
In addition, if a soft eviction threshold has been met, an operator can
specify a maximum allowed pod termination grace period to use when evicting
pods from the node. If specified, the kubelet
will use the lesser value among
the pod.Spec.TerminationGracePeriodSeconds
and the max allowed grace period.

To configure soft eviction thresholds, the following flags will be supported:
--eviction-soft="": A set of eviction thresholds (e.g. memory.available<1.5Gi) that if met over a corresponding grace period would trigger a pod eviction.
--eviction-soft-grace-period="": A set of eviction grace periods (e.g. memory.available=1m30s) that correspond to how long a soft eviction threshold must hold before triggering a pod eviction.
--eviction-max-pod-grace-period="0": Maximum allowed grace period (in seconds) to use when terminating pods in response to a soft eviction threshold being met.
A hard eviction threshold has no grace period, and if observed, the kubelet
will take immediate action to reclaim the associated starved resource.
To configure hard eviction thresholds, the following flag will be supported:
--eviction-hard="": A set of eviction thresholds (e.g. memory.available<1Gi) that if met would trigger a pod eviction.
The kubelet
will initially evaluate eviction thresholds at the same
housekeeping interval as cAdvisor
housekeeping.
In Kubernetes 1.2, this was defaulted to 10s
.
It is a goal to shrink the monitoring interval to a much shorter window.
This may require changes to cAdvisor
to let alternate housekeeping intervals
be specified for selected data (https://github.com/google/cadvisor/issues/1247)
For the purposes of this proposal, we expect the monitoring interval to be no
more than 10s
to know when a threshold has been triggered, but we will strive
to reduce that latency time permitting.
The kubelet
will support a node condition that corresponds to each eviction signal.
If a hard eviction threshold has been met, or a soft eviction threshold has been met
independent of its associated grace period, the kubelet
will report a condition that
reflects the node is under pressure.
The following node conditions are defined that correspond to the specified eviction signal.
| Node Condition | Eviction Signal | Description |
|---|---|---|
| MemoryPressure | memory.available | Available memory on the node has satisfied an eviction threshold |
| DiskPressure | nodefs.available, nodefs.inodesFree, imagefs.available, or imagefs.inodesFree | Available disk space and inodes on either the node’s root filesystem or image filesystem has satisfied an eviction threshold |
The kubelet
will continue to report node status updates at the frequency specified by
--node-status-update-frequency
which defaults to 10s
.
If a node is oscillating above and below a soft eviction threshold, but not exceeding its associated grace period, it would cause the corresponding node condition to constantly oscillate between true and false, and could cause poor scheduling decisions as a consequence.
To protect against this oscillation, the following flag is defined to control how
long the kubelet
must wait before transitioning out of a pressure condition.
--eviction-pressure-transition-period=5m0s: Duration for which the kubelet has to wait
before transitioning out of an eviction pressure condition.
The kubelet
would ensure that it has not observed an eviction threshold being met
for the specified pressure condition for the period specified before toggling the
condition back to false
.
Let’s assume the operator started the kubelet
with the following:
--eviction-hard="memory.available<100Mi"
--eviction-soft="memory.available<300Mi"
--eviction-soft-grace-period="memory.available=30s"
The kubelet
will run a sync loop that looks at the available memory
on the node as reported from cAdvisor
by calculating (capacity - workingSet).
If available memory is observed to drop below 100Mi, the kubelet
will immediately
initiate eviction. If available memory is observed as falling below 300Mi
,
it will record when that signal was observed internally in a cache. If at the next
sync, that criteria was no longer satisfied, the cache is cleared for that
signal. If that signal is observed as being satisfied for longer than the
specified period, the kubelet
will initiate eviction to attempt to
reclaim the resource that has met its eviction threshold.
When the kubelet
is started with --experimental-kernel-memcg-notification=true
,
it will use cgroup events on the memory.usage_in_bytes file in order to trigger the eviction manager.
With the addition of on-demand metrics, this permits the kubelet
to trigger the eviction manager,
collect metrics, and respond with evictions much quicker than using the sync loop alone.
To do this, we periodically adjust the memory cgroup threshold based on total_inactive_file. The eviction manager periodically measures total_inactive_file, and sets the threshold for usage_in_bytes to mem_capacity - eviction_hard + total_inactive_file. This means that the threshold is crossed when usage_in_bytes - total_inactive_file = mem_capacity - eviction_hard.
Let’s assume the operator started the kubelet
with the following:
--eviction-hard="nodefs.available<1Gi,nodefs.inodesFree<1,imagefs.available<10Gi,imagefs.inodesFree<10"
--eviction-soft="nodefs.available<1.5Gi,nodefs.inodesFree<10,imagefs.available<20Gi,imagefs.inodesFree<100"
--eviction-soft-grace-period="nodefs.available=1m,imagefs.available=2m"
The kubelet
will run a sync loop that looks at the available disk
on the node’s supported partitions as reported from cAdvisor
.
If available disk space on the node’s primary filesystem is observed to drop below 1Gi
or the free inodes on the node’s primary filesystem is less than 1,
the kubelet
will immediately initiate eviction.
If available disk space on the node’s image filesystem is observed to drop below 10Gi
or the free inodes on the node’s primary image filesystem is less than 10,
the kubelet
will immediately initiate eviction.
If available disk space on the node’s primary filesystem is observed as falling below 1.5Gi
,
or if the free inodes on the node’s primary filesystem is less than 10,
or if available disk space on the node’s image filesystem is observed as falling below 20Gi
,
or if the free inodes on the node’s image filesystem is less than 100,
it will record when that signal was observed internally in a cache. If at the next
sync, that criterion was no longer satisfied, the cache is cleared for that
signal. If that signal is observed as being satisfied for longer than the
specified period, the kubelet
will initiate eviction to attempt to
reclaim the resource that has met its eviction threshold.
If an eviction threshold has been met, the kubelet
will initiate the
process of evicting pods until it has observed the signal has gone below
its defined threshold.
The eviction sequence works as follows:
If a pod is not terminated because a container does not happen to die
(i.e. processes stuck in disk IO for example), the kubelet
may select
an additional pod to fail instead. The kubelet
will invoke the KillPod
operation exposed on the runtime interface. If an error is returned,
the kubelet
will select a subsequent pod.
The kubelet
will implement an eviction strategy oriented around
Priority
and pod usage relative to requests. It will target pods that are the lowest
Priority, and are the largest consumers of the starved resource relative to
their scheduling request.
It will target pods whose usage of the starved resource exceeds its requests. Of those pods, it will rank by priority, then usage - requests. If system daemons are exceeding their allocation (see Strategy Caveat below), and all pods are using less than their requests, then it must evict a pod whose usage is less than requests, based on priority, then usage - requests.
Prior to v1.9:
The kubelet
will implement a default eviction strategy oriented around
the pod quality of service class.
It will target pods that are the largest consumers of the starved compute resource relative to their scheduling request. It ranks pods within a quality of service tier in the following order.
BestEffort
pods that consume the most of the starved resource are failed
first.Burstable
pods that consume the greatest amount of the starved resource
relative to their request for that resource are killed first. If no pod
has exceeded its request, the strategy targets the largest consumer of the
starved resource.Guaranteed
pods that consume the greatest amount of the starved resource
relative to their request are killed first. If no pod has exceeded its request,
the strategy targets the largest consumer of the starved resource.A pod consuming less resources than its requests is guaranteed to never be
evicted because of another pod’s resource consumption. That said, guarantees
are only as good as the underlying foundation they are built upon. If a system daemon
(i.e. kubelet
, docker
, journald
, etc.) is consuming more resources than
were reserved via system-reserved
or kube-reserved
allocations, then the node
must choose to evict a pod, even if it is consuming less than its requests.
It must take action in order to preserve node stability, and to limit the impact
of the unexpected consumption to other well-behaved pod(s).
If nodefs
filesystem has met eviction thresholds, kubelet
will free up disk space in the following order:
If imagefs
filesystem has met eviction thresholds, kubelet
will free up disk space in the following order:
If nodefs
filesystem has met eviction thresholds, kubelet
will free up disk space in the following order:
Let’s explore the different options for freeing up disk space.
As of today, logs are tied to a container’s lifetime. kubelet
keeps dead containers around,
to provide access to logs.
In the future, if we store logs of dead containers outside of the container itself, then
kubelet
can delete these logs to free up disk space.
Once the lifetime of containers and logs are split, kubelet can support more user friendly policies
around log evictions. kubelet
can delete logs of the oldest containers first.
Since logs from the first and the most recent incarnation of a container is the most important for most applications,
kubelet can try to preserve these logs and aggressively delete logs from other container incarnations.
Until logs are split from container’s lifetime, kubelet
can delete dead containers to free up disk space.
kubelet
performs image garbage collection based on thresholds today. It uses a high and a low watermark.
Whenever disk usage exceeds the high watermark, it removes images until the low watermark is reached.
kubelet
employs a LRU policy when it comes to deleting images.
The existing policy will be replaced with a much simpler policy.
Images will be deleted based on eviction thresholds. If kubelet can delete logs and keep disk space availability
above eviction thresholds, then kubelet will not delete any images.
If kubelet
decides to delete unused images, it will delete all unused images.
There is no ability to specify disk limits for pods/containers today.
Disk is a best effort resource. When necessary, kubelet
can evict pods one at a time.
kubelet
will follow the Eviction Strategy mentioned above for making eviction decisions.
kubelet
will evict the pod that will free up the maximum amount of disk space on the filesystem that has hit eviction thresholds.
Within each QoS bucket, kubelet
will sort pods according to their disk usage.
kubelet
will sort pods in each bucket as follows:
If nodefs
is triggering evictions, kubelet
will sort pods based on their total disk usage
- local volumes + logs & writable layer of all its containers.
If nodefs
is triggering evictions, kubelet
will sort pods based on the usage on nodefs
- local volumes + logs of all its containers.
If imagefs
is triggering evictions, kubelet
will sort pods based on the writable layer usage of all its containers.
In certain scenarios, eviction of pods could result in reclamation of small amount of resources. This can result in
kubelet
hitting eviction thresholds in repeated successions. In addition to that, eviction of resources like disk
,
is time consuming.
To mitigate these issues, kubelet
will have a per-resource minimum-reclaim
. Whenever kubelet
observes
resource pressure, kubelet
will attempt to reclaim at least minimum-reclaim
amount of resource.
Following are the flags through which minimum-reclaim
can be configured for each evictable resource:
--eviction-minimum-reclaim="memory.available=0Mi,nodefs.available=500Mi,imagefs.available=2Gi"
The default eviction-minimum-reclaim
is 0
for all resources.
kubelet
has been freeing up disk space on demand to keep the node stable. As part of this proposal,
some of the existing features/flags around disk space retrieval will be deprecated in-favor of this proposal.
| Existing Flag | New Flag | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
--image-gc-high-threshold |
--eviction-hard or eviction-soft |
existing eviction signals can capture image garbage collection |
--image-gc-low-threshold |
--eviction-minimum-reclaim |
eviction reclaims achieve the same behavior |
--maximum-dead-containers |
deprecated once old logs are stored outside of container’s context | |
--maximum-dead-containers-per-container |
deprecated once old logs are stored outside of container’s context | |
--minimum-container-ttl-duration |
deprecated once old logs are stored outside of container’s context | |
--low-diskspace-threshold-mb |
--eviction-hard or eviction-soft |
this use case is better handled by this proposal |
--outofdisk-transition-frequency |
--eviction-pressure-transition-period |
make the flag generic to suit all compute resources |
The kubelet
will reject BestEffort
pods if any of the memory
eviction thresholds have been exceeded independent of the configured
grace period.
Let’s assume the operator started the kubelet
with the following:
--eviction-soft="memory.available<256Mi"
--eviction-soft-grace-period="memory.available=30s"
If the kubelet
sees that it has less than 256Mi
of memory available
on the node, but the kubelet
has not yet initiated eviction since the
grace period criteria has not yet been met, the kubelet
will still immediately
fail any incoming best effort pods.
The reasoning for this decision is the expectation that the incoming pod is
likely to further starve the particular compute resource and the kubelet
should
return to a steady state before accepting new workloads.
The kubelet
will reject all pods if any of the disk eviction thresholds have been met.
Let’s assume the operator started the kubelet
with the following:
--eviction-soft="nodefs.available<1500Mi"
--eviction-soft-grace-period="nodefs.available=30s"
If the kubelet
sees that it has less than 1500Mi
of disk available
on the node, but the kubelet
has not yet initiated eviction since the
grace period criteria has not yet been met, the kubelet
will still immediately
fail any incoming pods.
The rationale for failing all pods instead of just best effort is because disk is currently a best effort resource for all QoS classes.
Kubelet will apply the same policy even if there is a dedicated image
filesystem.
The node will report a condition when a compute resource is under pressure. The scheduler should view that condition as a signal to dissuade placing additional best effort pods on the node.
In this case, the MemoryPressure
condition if true should dissuade the scheduler
from placing new best effort pods on the node since they will be rejected by the kubelet
in admission.
On the other hand, the DiskPressure
condition if true should dissuade the scheduler from
placing any new pods on the node since they will be rejected by the kubelet
in admission.
It is never desired for a kubelet
to evict a pod that was derived from
a DaemonSet
since the pod will immediately be recreated and rescheduled
back to the same node.
At the moment, the kubelet
has no ability to distinguish a pod created
from DaemonSet
versus any other object. If/when that information is
available, the kubelet
could pro-actively filter those pods from the
candidate set of pods provided to the eviction strategy.
In general, it should be strongly recommended that DaemonSet
not
create BestEffort
pods to avoid being identified as a candidate pod
for eviction. Instead DaemonSet
should ideally include Guaranteed pods only.


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--- permalink: /deep_image_prior ---
Deep convolutional networks have become a popular tool for image generation and restoration. Generally, their excellent performance is imputed to their ability to learn realistic image priors from a large number of example images. In this paper, we show that, on the contrary, the structure of a generator network is sufficient to capture a great deal of low-level image statistics prior to any learning. In order to do so, we show that a randomly-initialized neural network can be used as a handcrafted prior with excellent results in standard inverse problems such as denoising, super-resolution, and inpainting. Furthermore, the same prior can be used to invert deep neural representations to diagnose them, and to restore images based on flash-no flash input pairs.
Apart from its diverse applications, our approach highlights the inductive bias captured by standard generator network architectures. It also bridges the gap between two very popular families of image restoration methods: learning-based methods using deep convolutional networks and learning-free methods based on handcrafted image priors such as self-similarity.
In image restoration problems the goal is to recover original image $x$ having a corrupted image $x_0$. Such problems are often formulated as an optimization task: \begin{equation}\label{eq1} \min_x E(x; x_0) + R(x)\,, \end{equation} where $E(x; x_0)$ is a data term and $R(x)$ is an image prior. The data term $E(x; x_0)$ is usually easy to design for a wide range of problems, such as super-resolution, denoising, inpainting, while image prior $R(x)$ is a challenging one. Today's trend is to capture the prior $R(x)$ with a ConvNet by training it using large number of examples.
We first notice, that for a surjective $g: \theta \mapsto x$ the following procedure in theory is equivalent to \eqref{eq1}: $$\min_\theta E(g(\theta); x_0) + R(g(\theta)) \,.$$ In practice $g$ dramatically changes how the image space is searched by an optimization method. Furthermore, by selecting a "good" (possibly injective) mapping $g$, we could get rid of the prior term. We define $g(\theta)$ as $f_\theta(z)$, where $f$ is a deep ConvNet with parameters $\theta$ and $z$ is a fixed input, leading to the formulation $$\min_\theta E(f_\theta (z); x_0) \,.$$ Here, the network $f_\theta$ is initialized randomly and input $z$ is filled with noise and fixed.
In other words, instead of searching for the answer in the image space we now search for it in the space of neural network's parameters. We emphasize that we never use a pretrained network or an image database. Only corrupted image $x_0$ is used in the restoration process.
See paper and supplementary material for details.
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