President Underwood launches new America Works rollout
Frank Underwood has announced the second phase of his flagship America Works program.
The scheme, which was a key campaign point in Underwood’s 2016 campaign , will begin a new stage of rollout later this Spring, starting in Southern states.
The President used the announcement to declare unemployment across the country a “growing threat to our economy and our country’s future”.
His decision to relaunch the controversial program controversial program has been met with strong criticism from the Republican Party.


This application lets you define events which can then be generated in specified patterns and sent to a collector function.
The normal workflow is to first use the administration functions to define the Faults and the Measurements and then use the individual task-management pages to generate events which match those definitions.
Manage Generate events


API documentation¶
There are two optimization classes to interact with (MPCEmulation and MShoot) and three simulation interfaces (SimModel, SimFMU, SimScikit).
The class MPCEmulation allows to run a virtual MPC experiment, using chosen emulator and control models. The emulator model is a mock-up of a real building. The control model is used by the optimization solver to find the optimal control trajectory. Each optimization horizon in the MPC loop is automatically optimized using MShoot.
Both, the emulator and control models have to be interfaced via one of the available interfaced classes. SimModel is the generic interface or wrapper, which can be used to wrap any Python model. SimFMU is the interface to Functional Mock-up Units. SimScikit is the interface to scikit-learn models.
The class MShoot allows to run a single optimal control problem (for a single time period), using the multiple shooting method. Therefore, only one model is needed, equivalent to the control model used in MPCEmulation. This class is automatically used in the MPC loop in MPCEmulation.
How to set up MPCEmulation¶
- Instantiate the emulator model using SimModel, SimFMU, or SimScikit:
model_emu = mshoot.SimFMU(
fmupath,
outputs=['qout', 'Tr'],
states=['heatCapacitor.T'],
parameters={'C': 1e6, 'R': 0.01},
verbose=False)
- Instantiate the control model using SimModel, SimFMU, or SimScikit
model_ctr = mshoot.SimFMU(
fmupath,
outputs=['qout', 'Tr'],
states=['heatCapacitor.T'],
parameters={'C': 1e6, 'R': 0.01},
verbose=False)
- Define the cost function:
# This function is passed to MPCEmulation
def cfun(xdf, ydf):
"""
:param ydf: DataFrame, model states
:param ydf: DataFrame, model outputs
:return: float
"""
qout = ydf['qout']
c = np.sum(qout ** 2) / qout.size
return c
- Define control and emulator model inputs. The inputs have to be stored in data frames
with an equidistant index (named time) in seconds. The emulator and input data frames have to be
aligned with respect to each other (using same index). The time step used in index is
also used as the simulation time step, and is used as the base unit for defining
the optimization horizon length. E.g.
horizon = 3
means that the optimization horizon is three time steps long.
# Inputs
tstep = 3600. # s
tend = 3600. * 48
t = np.arange(0., tend + 1, tstep)
q = np.full(t.size, 0.)
Tout = np.sin(t / 86400. * 2. * np.pi) + 273.15
inp = pd.DataFrame(
index=pd.Index(t, name='time'),
columns=['q', 'Tout'],
data=np.vstack((q, Tout)).T
)
- Define state bounds (scalars for constant or vectors for time-dependent):
h = t / 3600. # auxiliary variable (time in hours)
# Lower constraint (time-dependent example)
Tlo = np.where((h >= 8) & (h <= 17), 21. + 273.15, 21. + 273.15)
# Upper constraint (constant example)
Thi = 297.15
- Instantiate MPCEmulation:
mpc = mshoot.MPCEmulation(model_emu, cfun)
- Optimize:
u, xctr, xemu, yemu, u_hist = mpc.optimize(
model=model_ctr, # control model instance
inp_ctr=inp, # control model inputs
inp_emu=inp, # emulator model inputs
free=['q'], # control inputs
ubounds=[(0., 5000.)], # control input bounds
xbounds=[(Tlo, Thi)], # state constraints
x0=[294.15], # initial state
maxiter=30, # max. number of NLP iterations
ynominal=[5000., 20.], # nominal control model outputs
step=1, # distance between control horizons
horizon=3 # control horizon length
)
How to set up MShoot¶
- Instantiate the model using SimModel, SimFMU, or SimScikit:
model = mshoot.SimFMU(
fmupath,
outputs=['qout', 'Tr'],
states=['heatCapacitor.T'],
parameters={'C': 1e6, 'R': 0.01},
verbose=False)
- Define the cost function:
def cfun(xdf, ydf):
"""
:param ydf: DataFrame, model states
:param ydf: DataFrame, model outputs
:return: float
"""
qout = ydf['qout'].values
c = np.sum(qout ** 2) / qout.size
return c
- Define the inputs:
t = np.arange(0, 3600 * 10, 3600)
inp = pd.DataFrame(index=pd.Index(t, name='time'), columns=['q', 'Tout'])
inp['q'] = np.full(t.size, 0.)
inp['Tout'] = np.full(t.size, 273.15)
- Define the input and state bounds (scalars for constant or vectors for time-dependent):
ubounds = [(0., 4000.)]
xbounds = [(293.15, 296.15)]
- Instantate MShoot:
ms = mshoot.MShoot(cfun=cfun)
- Optimize:
udf, xdf = mpc.optimize(
model=get_model(),
inp=inp,
free=['q'],
ubounds=ubounds,
xbounds=xbounds,
x0=x0,
uguess=None,
ynominal=[4000, 295.],
join=1,
maxiter=30
)


{{soulmate.name}} {{soulmate.surname}} is your soulmate!
With {{pronounPos}} combination of {{getPersonalityFirstHalf()}} personality and {{pronounPos}} {{getPersonalitySecondHalf()}} view of the world, {{pronoun}} perfectly fits with what you're searching for.
Your soulmate was born on {{soulmate.dateOfBirth | date}}, and since then {{pronoun}} has {{soulmate.education}}.
Just like you, {{pronoun}} is also looking for {{soulmate.desiredRelationship}}!
Don't forget to send {{pronounKs}} a message, at {{soulmate.email}} !


WITNESS LIST
Agriculture & Livestock Committee
September 23, 2014 - 10:00 AM
Animal Health Legislative Update
On:
Ellis, Dee (Texas Animal Health Commission)
Right to Farm Act
On:
McGeary, Judith (Self; Farm and Ranch Freedom Alliance)
Turner, Bob (Self)
TDA Program Update
On:
DeBerry, Drew (Texas department if agriculture)
TSSWCB Brush Control
On:
Arsuffi, Tom (Self; TTU llano Riv e r Fi eld Station.)
Breshears, C.A. (Self; Upper Nueces-Frio Soil and Water Conservation District)
Brockman, Bob (Self; Edwards Plateau Soil and Water Conservation District)
Diebel, Stephen (Self; Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association)
Isom, Rex (TSSWCB)
Lehman, Lewis (Self; TSSWCB)
Lopez, Rigo (USDA-NRCS)
Mims, Con (Nueces River Authority)
Moore, Georgianne (Self)
Oswald, Johnny (Tsswcb)
Rainwater, Ken (Self; Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board)
Richmond, Jule (Self; Pecan Bayou SWCD)
Salmon, Stephen (Texas Sheep& Goat Raisers Assn)
Salmon, Stephen (Riverside & landowners protection coalition)
Simons, Greg (Texas Wildlife Association)
Turner, Bob (Self)
Wendt, Aaron (Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board)
Whitworth, Ward (Self; Upper llanos SWCD)
Wilcox, Bradford (Self)
Registering, but not testifying:
On:
Banta, Ryan (USGS)
Foster, John (TSSWCB)
1


Class core.PositionIterator
Defined in: PositionIterator.js.
| Constructor Attributes | Constructor Name and Description |
|---|---|
|
core.PositionIterator(root, whatToShow, filter, expandEntityReferences)
An iterator that iterators through positions in a DOM tree.
|
| Field Attributes | Field Name and Description |
|---|---|
|
This function exposes class internals and should be avoided.
|
| Method Attributes | Method Name and Description |
|---|---|
|
Return the container for the current position.
|
|
|
This function exposes class internals and should be avoided.
|
|
|
Return the next sibling of the current node
|
|
|
Return the filter that is used in this iterator.
|
|
|
Return the previous sibling of the current node
|
|
|
Returns true if the iterator is just to the left of a node.
|
|
|
leftNode()
Return the node to the left of the current iterator position.
|
|
| <inner> |
Advance the walker to the first node that is accepted by the node filter
(i.e.
|
|
Move the iterator to its last possible position.
|
|
|
moveToEndOfNode(node)
Places the iterator at the last position inside the given node.
|
|
| <inner> | |
|
Move the iterator to the previous position.
|
|
|
Return the node to the right of the current iterator position.
|
|
|
setPositionBeforeElement(element)
Set the current position of the iterator to just before the supplied element.
|
|
|
setUnfilteredPosition(container, offset)
Set the current position of the iterator to the specified container + offset.
|
|
|
Returns the current position within the container of the iterator.
|
Class Detail
core.PositionIterator(root, whatToShow, filter, expandEntityReferences)
An iterator that iterators through positions in a DOM tree.
Positions in the DOM tree are places between nodes and between characters.
Undesired positions can be avoided by passing a filter to constructor of the
PositionIterator.
In the following example '|' designates positions that an unfiltered
PositionIterator would visit.
|||a|b| |a||||
Certain positions are considered equivalent in by the PositionIterator.
Position 0 in a Text node is the same as the position preceding the Text node
in the parent node. The last position in a Text node is considered equal to
the subsequent position in the parent node. As such, these two Text node
positions are ommitted from the PositionIterator's traversal throught the
DOM. If the PositionIterator is set to a first or last position in a Text
node, it is instead set the equivalent position in the parent node.
Omitting the first and last Text node positions serves two functions:
- It ensures that the number of iterated steps is independent of how
characters are split up over text nodes.
- The iterator avoids positions that not distinguised by the API for
range and selections purposes.
- Parameters:
- {!Node} root
- {!number=} whatToShow
- {!NodeFilter=} filter
- {!boolean=} expandEntityReferences
Field Detail
previousNode
This function exposes class internals and should be avoided.
Method Detail
{!Element|!Text}
container()
Return the container for the current position.
- Returns:
- {!Element|!Text}
{!Element|!Text}
getCurrentNode()
This function exposes class internals and should be avoided.
- Returns:
- {!Element|!Text}
{Node}
getNextSibling()
Return the next sibling of the current node
- Returns:
- {Node}
{!function(?Node):!number}
getNodeFilter()
Return the filter that is used in this iterator.
- Returns:
- {!function(?Node):!number}
{Node}
getPreviousSibling()
Return the previous sibling of the current node
- Returns:
- {Node}
{!boolean}
isBeforeNode()
Returns true if the iterator is just to the left of a node. In this position,
calls to container() will return the parent of the node, and unfilteredDomOffset
will return the position of the node within the parent container.
Calls to unfilteredDomOffset are extremely slow when the iterator is just before a
node, so querying this method can provide warning when a slow offset is necessary.
- Returns:
- {!boolean}
{?Node}
leftNode()
Return the node to the left of the current iterator position.
See rightNode().
- Returns:
- {?Node}
<inner>
{!boolean}
moveToAcceptedNode()
Advance the walker to the first node that is accepted by the node filter
(i.e., nodeFilter(node) === FILTER_ACCEPT)
- Returns:
- {!boolean} Returns true if the walker found an accepted node. Otherwise returns false.
{undefined}
moveToEnd()
Move the iterator to its last possible position.
This is at the last position in the root node if the iterator.
- Returns:
- {undefined}
{undefined}
moveToEndOfNode(node)
Places the iterator at the last position inside the given node.
- Parameters:
- {!Node} node
- Returns:
- {undefined}
{!boolean}
nextPosition()
- Returns:
- {!boolean}
<inner>
{!boolean}
previousNode()
- Returns:
- {!boolean}
{!boolean}
previousPosition()
Move the iterator to the previous position.
If the iterator is already at the first position, it is not moved and
false is returned instead of true.
- Returns:
- {!boolean}
{?Node}
rightNode()
Return the node to the right of the current iterator position.
If the iterator is placed between two characters in a text node,
the text node will be returned.
If there is no right neighbor in the container node, then null is
returned.
Only filtered nodes will be returned.
- Returns:
- {?Node}
{!boolean}
setPositionBeforeElement(element)
Set the current position of the iterator to just before the supplied element.
Querying the iterator then will return the container of the element and the offset
of the element within it's container (assuming the supplied element is accepted by
the nodeFilter).
E.g.,
p1.setPositionBeforeElement(span);
p1.container() === span.parentNode
p1.unfilteredDomOffset === positionInParent(span)
If the element is not accepted by the nodeFilter, the iterator will immediately
move to the next accepted node.
- Parameters:
- {!Element} element
- Returns:
- {!boolean} Returns true if the iterator was set to a valid position (i.e., is currently on a node that is accepted by the nodeFilter)
{!boolean}
setUnfilteredPosition(container, offset)
Set the current position of the iterator to the specified container + offset.
Querying the iterator will then return the supplied container + offset
(assuming the supplied element is accepted by the nodeFilter).
E.g.,
p2.setUnfilteredPosition(container, offset);
p2.container() === container
p2.unfilteredDomOffset() === offset;
If the container is not accepted by the nodeFilter, the iterator will immediately
move to the next accepted node.
- Parameters:
- {!Node} container
- {!number} offset
- offset in unfiltered DOM world. Will immediately advance the iterator to the numbered child node of the provided container.
- Returns:
- {!boolean} Returns true if the iterator was set to a valid position (i.e., is currently on a node that is accepted by the nodeFilter)
{!number}
unfilteredDomOffset()
Returns the current position within the container of the iterator.
This function is useful for communication iterator position with
components that do not use a filter.
- Returns:
- {!number}


B2bUa is basically two UAs working back-to-back and thus controlling the calls going through it. Unlike a SIP proxy, a b2bua will take an incoming call, modify it and present it in other form to final destination. B2bUa is in the call-signalling-path all the times. There are numerous applications in which b2bUa can be used either as a media negotiator or simply supervising the calls between two parties. The software provides a basic framework for B2Bua and we have added a prepaid billing application on top of that framework.
The B2bUa can be confgured either by using the file b2bConfig.xml or using provisioning system. If the provisioning system is used, the pserver_host:port and backup_pserver_host:port must be supplied.
specify configuration file
do not fork into background (no daemon mode)
specify log file
specify log level
default provisioning server
backup provisioning server
Here is the details of each field in the configuration file.
// The block defines the SIP configuration of the B2bUa
<SIP>
//Sip Port and transport used by B2BUa
<Local>
<Port>5065</Port>
<Transport>UDP</Transport>
</Local>
//Outbound proxy server address
<Proxy_Server>
<Address><IP_ADDRESS></Address>
<Port>5069</Port>
</Proxy_Server>
//B2bUa can optinally register itself with SIP Registrar
//Currently not implemented.
<Registration>
//Possible values (no, yes)
<Register>no</Register>
<Address>vocal.vovida.org</Address>
<Port>5060</Port>
//Registration expiration time in Seconds
<Expires>600</Expires>
</Registration>
</SIP>
///The following block defines the Radius server connectivity
<RADIUS>
//Deprecated, will be removed in future releases
<Local>
<Authentication_Port>1812</Authentication_Port>
<Accounting_Port>1812</Accounting_Port>
</Local>
//Ports where Radius server is listening for Authrozation and
//and accouting requests from B2Ua. Password is used by B2bUA to
//authenticate itself with Radius Server.
<Billing_Server>
<Address><IP_ADDRESS></Address>
<Authentication_Port>1812</Authentication_Port>
<Accounting_Port>1813</Accounting_Port>
<Password>vovida</Password>
</Billing_Server>
</RADIUS>
//The following block defines the B2bUa billing configuration for pre-paid
//and post-paid calls.
<PrePaid>
<Billing>
//The option is either free, mandatory or optional.
//If option is "free", B2bUA will ignore the user authorization
// and will set the call duration to be infinite.It will attempt
// to generate the billing records, but if it can not talk to the
// billing server , it will ignore the records
//If option is "optional", B2bUa will do the authorization however
//the billing records will be treated the same as "free" option.
//If option is "mandatory", B2bUa will do the authorization.If billing
//Records can not be sentto the billing server, the call will be aborted
//Note: This funtinality needs to be implemented though.
<Option>mandatory</Option>
//Frequency in seconds at with the intermittent billing records
// Will be sent from B2bUa to Radius server during a call.
<Refresh_Time>60</Refresh_Time>
//One of the sip header to look for User Id. User ID is taken as raw
//data and sent to the Radius srever.Radius server sould be aware
//of any encryption scheme User id is encryted with and do the right
// thing to extracxt the User Id from raw data.
<Extract_User_Id_From>Proxy-Authorization</Extract_User_Id_From>
//Not used currently, intent was to give hint on the Uid decoding
//scheme, though B2bUa do not have any plans to use it.
<User_Id_Decode_Scheme>Basic</User_Id_Decode_Scheme>
</Billing>
//Possible values (yes, no). Used in pre-paid billing, if yes a SIP
//Info message is used to indicate the user his/her available credit.
<Use_SIP_INFO>no</Use_SIP_INFO>
//Possible values (yes,no). Used in click-to-dial scenario.If yes, B2bUa
//would process the Http event. ( Currently not implemented)
<Use_HTTP>no</Use_HTTP>
</PrePaid>
Example scenario:
UA1 <-----------> B2BUA <----> UA2
<IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>
Configuration you need:
If using VOCAL UA, the Proxy_Server line in configuration file should point to <IP_ADDRESS>. For other UA's make sure the procy setting points to <IP_ADDRESS>
In B2bConfig.xml, Proxy_Server->Address should point to <IP_ADDRESS> and Proxy_server->Port should be the sip-port of the UA2.
To disable the authentication and billing, set PrePaid->Billing->Option to "free".
When billing is enabled, set RADIUS->Billing_Server->Address to the address of billing server.


Fuzzing can often be a very useful technical for finding bugs. Go-fuzz is a coverage-guided fuzzing solution for testing of Go packages. go-fuzz. This blog post will walk you through how to use it to find bugs.
1) Installing Go
On linux, Go can be quickly installed by the following commands.
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$ cd /tmp
$ ls
$ curl -OL https://golang.org/dl/go1.15.12.linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ sudo tar -C /usr/local -xvf go1.15.12.linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ go version
2) Choosing a target
Some easy ways to find a target for fuzzing can be
- https://pkg.go.dev/
- https://github.com/trending/go
- https://github.com/avelino/awesome-go
For this example, we will fuzz https://github.com/JoshVarga/svgparser
3) Building pdf package for fuzzing
Go-fuzz can be installed by running the following commands
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go get -u github.com/dvyukov/go-fuzz/go-fuzz
go get -u github.com/dvyukov/go-fuzz/go-fuzz-build
This installs the latest version of go-fuzz onto your go path
The svg target we are fuzzing can be installed by go get -u github.com/JoshVarga/svgparser
which will install the svg reader onto your go path as well.
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/home/snoopy/gowork/src/github.com/JoshVarga/svgparser
❯ ls
example_test.go find.go find_test.go fuzz.go LICENSE parser.go parser_test.go README.md testutils_test.go utils
❯
This will install the svg package we are fuzzing in our go path, you can now go to this directory and create a new file call fuzz.go which will contain your harness.
Within Svgparser, we will try to fuzz the Parse function
https://github.com/JoshVarga/svgparser/blob/5eaba627a7d11a384dde3802ac251442e14d87ef/parser.go#L121
To fuzz this function, we can create a fuzz function harness for go-fuzz with the same package name. (Note: your fuzz.go file should be on the same folder as the function you are fuzzing). This function must return 1 if the fuzzer should increase priority of the given input during subsequent fuzzing (for example, the input is lexically correct and was parsed successfully); -1 if the input must not be added to corpus even if gives new coverage; and 0 otherwise; other values are reserved for future use. The Fuzz function must be in a package that go-fuzz can import. This means the code you want to test can’t be in package main. Fuzzing internal packages are also supported.
An examples fuzz function for fuzzing can be seen below (which is saved within /home/snoopy/gowork/src/github.com/JoshVarga/svgparser
)
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package svgparser
import (
"bytes"
)
func Fuzz(data []byte) int {
element,err := Parse(bytes.NewReader(data), false)
if err != nil {
if element != nil {
panic("svg != nil on error")
}
return 0
}
return 1
}
This implements Fuzz(data []byte) function, which is an API expected by go-fuzz. once this has been done, you can go back to your working directory and use go-fuzz-build to build the archive which go-fuzz will use.
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❯ pwd
/home/snoopy/svg_fuzz
❯ go-fuzz-build github.com/JoshVarga/svgparser
✗ ls
svgparser-fuzz.zip
which will produce svgparser-fuzz.zip archive.
3) Building a corpus
The next step is to build a corpus for gofuzz to use which will be placed within your working directory. Ideally, files in the corpus are as small as possible and as diverse as possible. You can use inputs used by unit tests, examples and/or generate them manually. Go-fuzz by default will deduplicate and minimize the inputs
Go-fuzz will also add own inputs to the corpus directory. Furthermore, the go-fuzz-corpus repository contains a bunch of examples of test functions and initial input corpuses for various packages. https://github.com/dvyukov/go-fuzz-corpus.
In this instance, example svg files can be taken from https://github.com/strongcourage/fuzzing-corpus
Another option would be to create an example svg file and use radamsa to mutate the files to create some examples. Gofuzz will also mutate the files given and create more files for your corpus
These files can be taken and copied to a folder called corpus within you fuzzing directory.
3) Fuzzing
going back to your working directory, you can now start gofuzz: go-fuzz -bin=svgparser-fuzz.zip -workdir=.
The working directory here should contain a folder corpus with all the svg files your previous found.
As long as you don’t delete working directory, you can stop and re-start go-fuzz and it will restart where it stopped. Found crashes will be logged in crashers directory.
- workers means number of tests running in parallel (set with -procs flag).
- corpus is current number of interesting inputs the fuzzer has discovered, time in brackets says when the last interesting input was discovered
- crashers is number of discovered bugs (check out workdir/crashers dir).
- restarts is the rate with which the fuzzer restarts test processes.
- cover is number of bits set in a hashed coverage bitmap
4) Triaging Crashes
For any unique crashes, these will be logged within your crashers directory
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❯ cd crashers/
❯ ls
0106e07494ad508ca0ec6e32d0ae9ac7bb932de7 4465097c05a30de5b06942b3f02e4e196276ae49 88ffb7f7327afe041ac722aaccc9b248b1a12524 c5f797d236f6199102cc91083335469aac76cece
0106e07494ad508ca0ec6e32d0ae9ac7bb932de7.output 4465097c05a30de5b06942b3f02e4e196276ae49.output 88ffb7f7327afe041ac722aaccc9b248b1a12524.output c5f797d236f6199102cc91083335469aac76cece.output
0106e07494ad508ca0ec6e32d0ae9ac7bb932de7.quoted
These will be the format, fuzz input which is the input used to fuzz the file, the .quoted file contains the input quoted as a string and the .output file contains the crash dump
Example:
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❯ cat 0106e07494ad508ca0ec6e32d0ae9ac7bb932de7
<svg xmlns="htt00000000000000000000000">00</svg>0
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❯ cat 0106e07494ad508ca0ec6e32d0ae9ac7bb932de7.quoted
"<svg xmlns=\"htt00000" +
"000000000000000000\">" +
"00</svg>0"
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❯ cat 0106e07494ad508ca0ec6e32d0ae9ac7bb932de7.output
SVG width: panic: runtime error: index out of range [0] with length 0
This can then be triaged by creating a small program with the input, and using a go debugger to see the stack properly and what part of the code is crashing.
Another option is also to use libfuzzer
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go-fuzz-build -libfuzzer -o svg.a .
go-fuzz-build -libfuzzer -o svg.a .
clang -fsanitize=fuzzer svg.a -o fuzz_svg
./fuzz_svg corpus_folder


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I graduated in 2018 from Jordan University of sience and technology , my major is Radiology Technology . I worked twice before in last 2 year
- I worked in privet clinic for 9 month
- and in Dental Center as technetion. >
My Goals
- Now I'm here in this course learn new things I didn't know before and I wish be a creative programmer
- I want to complete this course and have work in this field.
My top movie
- The Godfather
- The Dark Knight
- The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
- Inception
- Se7en
- Once Upon a Time in America
- Avengers: Endgame
- The Elephant Man
- Before Sunset
- Wolf of street wall


MangaDownlader is a simple Java automatic tool to download manga from MangaEden.
The project resulted from the need to download a lot of mangas and it was a Java experiment with:
- Multithreading programming
- Swing GUI library
- HTML parsing with [jsoup] library
Functionality
MangaDownloader can download an entire manga or resume a previously download. It is helpfull when the manga is not over and a new chapter is released.
Every manga is stored in a foldier in your file system, which is divided into many foldiers as there are chapters (each chapter is downloaded in multithreading).
Also Ubuntu user can use a bash scripts, located in extractPdfFromJPGs, to extract a pdf from the downloaded images.
Home
Download
How to Use it
To use it just follow the instructions.
Download the Manga
- Go to MangaEden and select a manga from the list (you have to find a page similar to this one). When you find it, just copy the url.
- Run mangaedenDownloader.jar on your system
- Select “Full Download” or “Resume Download”, according to the needs, and complete the fields as request.
- Press “Start” and wait until it has finished.
PDF Extraction
These project contains two scripts: “extractPdf.sh” and “mangaToPDF.sh”.
To get the pdf, put the first one in the foldier where are contained chapters’ directory and run the script.
The second one is a launcher and need if you want to extract more pdf “togheter”.
Bug Notes
There is a known GUI’s bug: it may happen that the update bars do not follow the download. Your download will be ok.
- java ,
- manga ,
- tool


CRISPR-BETS
A gRNA design software for base editing knockout using stop codon.
Desktop Download (Please refer to the documentation for installation)
Video tutorial
Introduction
CRISPR-BETS (CRISPR-Base Editing To Stop codon) is developed for designing gRNA to knockout gene by CRISPR base editing system. CRISPR-BETS has both online and desktop version, which are integrated into a user-friendly graphic user interface (GUI) and compatible with major operating systems (Windows, MacOS, Linux). Guide RNAs can be designed easily without any environment installation. Users can complete the analysis with a simple mouse click. Results will display with detailed information and fancy images, which are able to be downloaded. Moreover, CRISPR-BETS allows instant check the gRNA specificity.
Preview
Citation
Wu, Y., He, Y., Sretenovic, S., Liu, S., Cheng, Y., Han, Y., Liu, G., Bao, Y., Fang, Q., Zheng, X., Zhou, J., Qi, Y., Zhang, Y. and Zhang, T.(2021) CRISPR-BETS: a base-editing design tool for generating stop codons. Plant Biotechnol. J. 2022, 20(3):499-510


--- layout: newsstory title: News Story match: Hastings 2 Yeltz 2 ---
And it's all over again. A 2-2 draw at Hastings, but with the anointed one gettting a late equaliser - it doesn't get much better than that
I guess it was a 7 out of 10 sort of season. We finished 5th in the end, but except for a short time around January, we never really looked like challenging. We did win the B'ham Senior Cup though. Talking to Stewart after the game, we can expect a few new faces next season, and the release of some of the current squad. Roll on August.
Forest Green clinched the title by beating Bath 2-0 and so move up to the Conference. St. Leonards, Ashford and Sittingbourne will be replaced by Grantham, Ilkeston and Weymouth, but it looks like Bromsgrove may be saved as Chelmsford's facilities aren't up to standard.


In this lab you will write a device driver for a network interface card (NIC) and add support for UDP network sockets to xv6.
Fetch the xv6 source for the lab and check out the net branch:
$ git fetch $ git checkout net
Before writing code, you may find it helpful to review "Chapter 4: Traps and device drivers", "Section 7.13: File descriptor layer" from the xv6 book, and the lecture notes on networking.
We will be using a virtual network device called the E1000 to handle network communication. To xv6 (and the driver you write), the E1000 looks like a real piece of hardware connected to a real Ethernet local area network (LAN). But in reality, the E1000 your driver will talk to is an emulation provided by qemu, connected to a LAN that is also emulated by qemu. On this LAN, xv6 (the "guest") has an IP address of <IP_ADDRESS>. The only other (emulated) computer on the LAN has IP address <IP_ADDRESS>. qemu arranges that when xv6 uses the E1000 to send a packet to <IP_ADDRESS>, it's really delivered to the appropriate application on the (real) computer on which you're running qemu (the "host").
We will be using QEMU's user mode network stack since it requires no administrative privileges to run. QEMU's documentation has more about user-net here. We've updated the Makefile to enable QEMU's user-mode network stack and the virtual E1000 network card.
We also configured QEMU's network stack to record all incoming and outgoing packets to packets.pcap in your lab directory. It may be helpful to review these recordings to confirm that xv6 is sending and receiving the packets you expect. To get a hex/ASCII dump of captured packets use tcpdump like this:
tcpdump -XXnr packets.pcap
Finally, we have provided you with all the code you will need to handle parsing and crafting packet headers for ethernet, IP, UDP, and ARP. Make sure to review this code in kernel/net.c and kernel/net.h. A simple abstraction, called an mbuf, is provided to store and manage packet payloads. It will be used throughout this lab assignment.
In this part of the assignment, you will complete the implementation of the E1000 networking driver. So far, code has been provided to discover and initialize the device, and to handle interrupts, but not to send and receive packets.
Browse Intel's Software Developer's Manual for the E1000. This manual covers several closely related Ethernet controllers. QEMU emulates the 82540EM. You should skim over chapter 2 now to get a feel for the device. To write your driver, you'll need to be familiar with chapters 3 and 14, as well as 4.1 (though not 4.1's subsections). You'll also need to use chapter 13 as reference. The other chapters mostly cover components of the E1000 that your driver won't have to interact with. Don't worry about the details right now; just get a feel for how the document is structured so you can find things later. Keep in mind that the E1000 has many advanced features, but you can ignore most of these.
Your job is to implement support for sending and receiving packets. You'll need to fill in the missing section in e1000_recv() and e1000_transmit(), both in kernel/e1000.c.
Both sending and receiving packets is managed by a queue of descriptors that is shared between xv6 and the E1000 in memory. These queues provide pointers to memory locations for the E1000 to DMA (i.e. transfer) packet data. They are implemented as circular arrays, meaning that when the card or the driver reach the end of the array, it wraps back around to the beginning. A common abbreviation is to refer to the receive data structures as RX and the transmit data structures as TX.
The E1000 generates an interrupt whenever new packets are received. Your receive code must scan the RX queue to handle each packet that has arrived and deliver its mbuf to the protocol layer by calling net_rx(). struct rx_desc describes the descriptor format. You will then need to allocate a new mbuf and program it into the descriptor so that the E1000 knows where to place the next payload when it eventually reaches the same location in the array at a later time.
Packet sends are requested by the protocol layer when it calls e1000_transmit(). Your transmit code must enqueue the mbuf into the TX queue. This includes extracting the payload's location in memory and its length, and encoding this information into a descriptor in the TX queue. struct tx_desc describes the descriptor format. You will need to ensure that mbufs are eventually freed, but only after the transmission has finished (the NIC can encode a notification bit in the descriptor to indicate this).
In addition to reading and writing to the circular arrays of descriptors, you'll need to interact with the E1000 through memory mapped I/O to detect when new descriptors are available on the receive path and to inform the E1000 that new descriptors have been provided on the transmit path. A pointer to the device's I/O is stored in regs, and it can be accessed as an array of control registers. You'll need to use indices E1000_RDT and E1000_TDT in particular.
Make sure to consider locking. In general, whenever memory is shared, a lock is needed to synchronize access.
Here are some hints for sending:
Here are some hints for receiving:
Finally, here are some hints for testing when you're done implementing the missing sections of the E1000 driver. We have provided a tool that can be run by typing make ping in a terminal. Be careful to run it on the same machine that is running an instance your xv6 kernel in QEMU. The ping tool will send one UDP packet to your network stack each second. Add a printf to your e1000_recv() function to verify that you're receiving each UDP ping packet. In particular, check that you can receive more than 16 packets (the size of the descriptor ring). If you run into issues, it may be helpful to inspect packets.pcap to see how it compares to the printouts generated by your driver.
Now that you have finished the E1000 driver, you will need to support userspace applications. To help with this, a test user program called nettests has been provided, but you will need to implement support for network sockets first so that it can interact with xv6.
Network sockets are a standard abstraction for OS networking that bear similarity to files. Sockets are accessed through ordinary file descriptors (just like files, pipes, and devices). Reading from a socket file descriptor receives a packet while writing to it sends a packet. If no packets are currently available to be received, the reader must block and wait for the next packet to arrive (i.e. allow rescheduling to another process). In this lab, you will be implementing a stripped down version of sockets that supports the UDP network protocol.
Each network socket only receives packets for a particular combination of local and remote IP addresses and port numbers, and xv6 is required to support multiple sockets. A socket can be created and bound to the requested addresses and ports via the connect system call, which returns a file descriptor. The implementation of this system call is in kernel/sysfile.c. The code for sockalloc() and related functions is in kernel/sysnet.c.
Take note of the provided data structures; one struct sock object is created for each socket. sockets is a singly linked list of all active sockets. It is useful for finding which socket to deliver newly received packets to. In addition, each socket object maintains a queue of mbufs waiting to be received. Received packets will stay in these queues until the read() system call dequeues them.
Your job is to implement the missing functionality necessary to support network sockets. This includes adding and integrating functions to support reading, writing, and closing sockets. It also includes completing the implementation of sockrecvudp(), which is called each time a new UDP packet is received. To achieve this, fill in the missing sections in kernel/sysnet.c and modify kernel/file.c to call your socket methods.
Here are some hints:
When you are finished, run the test program. If everything is correct, you will get the following output:
(on the host in one terminal) $ make server python2 server.py 26099 listening on localhost port 26099 (then on xv6 in another terminal on the same machine run nettests; see below) hello world! ... $ nettests testing one ping: OK testing single-process pings: OK testing multi-process pings: OK testing DNS DNS arecord for pdos.csail.mit.edu. is [ITS_IP_ADDRESS] DNS OK all tests passed. $
If you encounter any issues, try inspecting packets.pcap to see if your E1000 driver is working properly. Adding printfs to e1000_transmit() and e1000_recv() may also help in debugging.
This completes the lab. Commit your changes and type make handin in the lab directory to hand in your lab.
If you pursue a challenge problem, whether it is related to networking or not, please let the course staff know!


<?php /** * Copyright (c) 2016. Lukas Figura */ namespace App\Http; use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel as HttpKernel; /** * Class Kernel * @author Lukas Figura<EMAIL_ADDRESS>* @package App\Http */ class Kernel extends HttpKernel { /** * The application's global HTTP middleware stack. * * @var array */ protected $middleware = [ \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode::class, \App\Http\Middleware\EncryptCookies::class, \Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class, \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class, \Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class, \App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class, ]; /** * The application's route middleware. * * @var array */ protected $routeMiddleware = [ 'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class, 'auth.admin' => \App\Http\Middleware\AuthenticateAdmin::class, 'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class, 'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class, ]; }


URL for boot2docker image.
CPU number for Docker VM.
Datacenter for Docker VM (must be set to ha-datacenter when connecting to a single host).
Datastore for Docker VM.
Size of disk for Docker VM (in MB).
vSphere folder for the docker VM. This folder must already exist in the datacenter.
vSphere compute resource where the docker VM is instantiated. This can be omitted if using a cluster with DRS.
Size of memory for Docker VM (in MB).
Network where the Docker VM is attached.
vSphere Password.
Resource pool for Docker VM.
vSphere Username.
IP/hostname for vCenter (or ESXi if connecting directly to a single host).
vSphere Port for vCenter.
Generated using TypeDoc
VMware vSphere docker-machine driver options
https://docs.docker.com/machine/drivers/vsphere/


---
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permalink: 113488general/97139Klikeinductivesdonttakearguments.html
---
The archive URL format has changed. Please find this page at:
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When playing billiards, it’s easy to make a mess.
Take the shot.
The particles bounce all over the place, and end up in a random pattern. This makes for new situations in each game of billiards. If the balls always started spread out in a predictable pattern, it would be quite a different game.

It’s a bit tricky, but doable.


@Version(value="1.1.0.${qualifier}")
See: Description
| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| Connection |
This object is created by the
ConnectionManager when two Endpoint s are connected. |
| ConnectionManager |
The
ConnectionManager service should be provided by the FPAI runtime. |
| ConnectionManager.EndpointPort | |
| ConnectionManager.ManagedEndpoint |
The wrapper that manages the
Endpoint . |
| ConnectionManager.PotentialConnection |
Represents a potential connection, which is when two
ConnectionManager.EndpointPort mmatch with their Port.sends()
and Port.accepts() definitions. |
| Endpoint |
An
Endpoint is a component that can receive and send messages over a Connection . |
| MessageHandler |
An instance of the
MessageHandler should be returned when a connection is coupled to an endpoint (see
Endpoint.onConnect(Connection) . |
| MessageListener |
A
MessageListener can be used to sniff messages that are exchanges between Endpoint s. |
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| Cardinality |
Specifies whether a
Port can be handle multiple Connection s. |
| Annotation Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Filter |
The
Filter annotation is used on MessageListener s to limit the type of messages that are received by
it. |
| Port | |
| Ports |


Italian town gives away homes for free - and a cash bonus if you have a baby
Newcomers have to meet two conditions to qualify for a free house in Cammarata, Sicily, where there are more than 100 houses sit abandoned and crumbling
by Chris Kitching, https://www.mirror.co.uk/authors/chris-kitching/An Italian town is giving houses away for free because it is so desperate to attract new residents - but there's a catch, obviously.
The mountainside community of Cammarata boasts sweeping views of Mount Etna and gorgeous sunsets on the Mediterranean island of Sicily and is rich in history.
But with its population is dwindling and many buildings sitting empty, Mayor Vincenzo Giambrone has launched an ambitious scheme to save his home town and its historic centre.
He is convincing owners of abandoned family homes to hand over the keys to the crumbling buildings to new residents who are willing to fix them up and put down roots.
Couples who have a baby after moving in will be given a cash bonus.
Buyers must submit a refurbishment proposal, pay a 5,000 euro (£4,300) deposit and agree to renovate the property within three years.
The deposit will be returned once the renovations are complete and the building is turned into a family home or a business such as a B&B, shop or restaurant.
Priority is being given to young couples with children.
Couples who move in and later have a baby will be given a 1,000 euro (£865) bonus.
Mr Giambrone told CNN Travel that he is determined to make the town, which sits at an elevation of about 3,200ft, a vibrant place to live again.
He said: "I can't stand to see this gorgeous, old historical centre empty and turn into a ruin.
"It hurts me."
Mr Giambrone said some of the neglected buildings are at risk of collapsing.
There are more than 100 abandoned houses in the town.
About a dozen empty stone buildings are currently available and ready for new residents.
UK-based businessman Jose Augusto Manetta Ramos was tempted by the prospect of living in a sleepy village with a warm climate.
Calling it a "perfect retreat", the Brazilian-Italian sales executive said: "Cammarata is stunning, the green landscape, the sea and mountains are both nearby just like the Valley of the Temples (archaeological site) and other great spots."
Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean, boasts hot and dry summers and mild and wet winters with snow over higher ground.
A number of Italian towns have put homes up for sale for just one euro - with conditions - in a bid to revitalise themselves.
The hilltop town of Sambuca, Sicily, did so after undergoing depopulation as residents move to bigger cities with more conveniences.
New owners must agree to refurbish their property within three years and pay a 5,000 euro deposit.
Zungoli, in the Campania region of southern Italy, and Mussomeli, also on the island of Sicily, have offered similar schemes to lure new blood.
In Britain, an abandoned 12th Century pub has gone on the market for just £1.
The Mill Beach Pub in Heybridge, Essex, closed in November last year and is in need of a complete overhaul.


| prevention stage |
— |
aromatic to avoid filth |
Decoction (Shishen Tang,
et al); Chinese patent Medicines (Jingfang Baidu San,,
et al)
|
Ni et al., 2020
|
| observation stage |
suspected patients and medical observation persons (close contacts) |
jie-biao with pungent heat herbs |
Chinese patent Medicines (Huoxiang Zhengqi capsule, Yupingfeng San, Lianhua Qingwen capsule,
et al)
|
Jin et al., 2020;
Feng et al., 2020
|
| initial stage |
cold-damp depression lung |
aromatic to resolve dampness, promoting lung and dissipating and expelling evil |
Decoction (Maxing Shigan Tang, Maxing Yigan Tang, Shengjiang San, Dayuan Yin,
et al)
|
Yu et al., 2020
|
| middle stage |
epidemic toxin closed lung |
clearing heat, purging the lungs, detoxifying and smoothing
Fu organs
|
Decoction (Maxing Shigan Tang, Xuanbai Chengqi Tang, Shengjiang San, Dayuan Yin,
et al)
|
Pang et al., 2020
|
| severe stage |
inner blocking causing collapse |
resuscitation with aromatics, detoxification and eliminating pathogenic factors |
Chinese patent Medicines (Angong Niuhuang Wan, Suhexiang Wan and Zixue Dan,
et al)
|
Xu et al., 2020
|
| critical stage |
internal block and outward desertion |
opening the orifices, returning to yang for emergency treatment |
Decoction (Shenfu Tang, Sini Tang); Chinese patent Medicines (Angong Niuhuang Wan, Suhexiang Wan and Zixue Dan,
et al)
|
Sun et al., 2020
|
| recovery stage |
qi-deficiency of lung and spleen |
nourishing qi and yin |
Decoction (Maiwei Buzhong Yiqi Tang,
et al)
|
Zhang et al., 2020; Gu et al., 2019;
Zhang et al., 2020
|


The sound category is used by the sound library to determine which sound driver is selected for the system running GEOS.
sampleDriver = <driver file name>
This key specifies the sound driver that will be used to process all the sampled sounds produced by the system. If this key is not set, the standard sound driver ( standard.geo ) will be used.
sampleDriver = sblaster.geo
synthDriver = <driver file name>
This key specifies the sound driver that will be used for all synthesized sounds (beeps, UI sounds, etc.) If this key is not set, the standard sound driver ( standard.geo ) will be used.
synthDriver = standard.geo


EMS - Main Page
ID
First name
Last name
Email
Department
Salary
Hire Date
Delete
firstName
lastName
email
Department
Salary
Date
DELETE
Add


This guide covers the asset pipeline.
After reading this guide, you will know:
The asset pipeline provides a framework to concatenate and minify or compress JavaScript and CSS assets. It also adds the ability to write these assets in other languages such as CoffeeScript, Sass and ERB.
Making the asset pipeline a core feature of Rails means that all developers can benefit from the power of having their assets pre-processed, compressed and minified by one central library, Sprockets. This is part of Rails’ “fast by default” strategy as outlined by DHH in his keynote at RailsConf 2011.
The asset pipeline is enabled by default. It can be disabled in config/application.rb
by putting this line inside the application class definition:
config.assets.enabled = false
You can also disable the asset pipeline while creating a new application by passing the --skip-sprockets
option.
rails new appname --skip-sprockets
You should use the defaults for all new applications unless you have a specific reason to avoid the asset pipeline.
The first feature of the pipeline is to concatenate assets. This is important in a production environment, because it can reduce the number of requests that a browser makes to render a web page. Web browsers are limited in the number of requests that they can make in parallel, so fewer requests can mean faster loading for your application.
Rails 2.x introduced the ability to concatenate JavaScript and CSS assets by placing cache: true
at the end of the javascript_include_tag
and stylesheet_link_tag
methods. But this technique has some limitations. For example, it cannot generate the caches in advance, and it is not able to transparently include assets provided by third-party libraries.
Starting with version 3.1, Rails defaults to concatenating all JavaScript files into one master .js
file and all CSS files into one master .css
file. As you’ll learn later in this guide, you can customize this strategy to group files any way you like. In production, Rails inserts an MD5 fingerprint into each filename so that the file is cached by the web browser. You can invalidate the cache by altering this fingerprint, which happens automatically whenever you change the file contents.
The second feature of the asset pipeline is asset minification or compression. For CSS files, this is done by removing whitespace and comments. For JavaScript, more complex processes can be applied. You can choose from a set of built in options or specify your own.
The third feature of the asset pipeline is that it allows coding assets via a higher-level language, with precompilation down to the actual assets. Supported languages include Sass for CSS, CoffeeScript for JavaScript, and ERB for both by default.
Fingerprinting is a technique that makes the name of a file dependent on the contents of the file. When the file contents change, the filename is also changed. For content that is static or infrequently changed, this provides an easy way to tell whether two versions of a file are identical, even across different servers or deployment dates.
When a filename is unique and based on its content, HTTP headers can be set to encourage caches everywhere (whether at CDNs, at ISPs, in networking equipment, or in web browsers) to keep their own copy of the content. When the content is updated, the fingerprint will change. This will cause the remote clients to request a new copy of the content. This is generally known as cache busting.
The technique that Rails uses for fingerprinting is to insert a hash of the content into the name, usually at the end. For example a CSS file global.css
could be renamed with an MD5 digest of its contents:
global-908e25f4bf641868d8683022a5b62f54.css
This is the strategy adopted by the Rails asset pipeline.
Rails’ old strategy was to append a date-based query string to every asset linked with a built-in helper. In the source the generated code looked like this:
/stylesheets/global.css?1309495796
The query string strategy has several disadvantages:
Not all caches will reliably cache content where the filename only differs by query parameters
Steve Souders recommends, “…avoiding a querystring for cacheable resources”. He found that in this case 5-20% of requests will not be cached. Query strings in particular do not work at all with some CDNs for cache invalidation.
Fingerprinting fixes these problems by avoiding query strings, and by ensuring that filenames are consistent based on their content.
Fingerprinting is enabled by default for production and disabled for all other environments. You can enable or disable it in your configuration through the config.assets.digest
option.
More reading:
In previous versions of Rails, all assets were located in subdirectories of public
such as images
, javascripts
and stylesheets
. With the asset pipeline, the preferred location for these assets is now the app/assets
directory. Files in this directory are served by the Sprockets middleware included in the sprockets gem.
Assets can still be placed in the public
hierarchy. Any assets under public
will be served as static files by the application or web server. You should use app/assets
for files that must undergo some pre-processing before they are served.
In production, Rails precompiles these files to public/assets
by default. The precompiled copies are then served as static assets by the web server. The files in app/assets
are never served directly in production.
When you generate a scaffold or a controller, Rails also generates a JavaScript file (or CoffeeScript file if the coffee-rails
gem is in the Gemfile
) and a Cascading Style Sheet file (or SCSS file if sass-rails
is in the Gemfile
) for that controller.
For example, if you generate a ProjectsController
, Rails will also add a new file at app/assets/javascripts/projects.js.coffee
and another at app/assets/stylesheets/projects.css.scss
. By default these files will be ready to use by your application immediately using the require_tree
directive. See Manifest Files and Directives for more details on require_tree.
You can also opt to include controller specific stylesheets and JavaScript files only in their respective controllers using the following: <%= javascript_include_tag params[:controller] %>
or <%= stylesheet_link_tag params[:controller] %>
. Ensure that you are not using the require_tree
directive though, as this will result in your assets being included more than once.
WARNING: When using asset precompilation (the production default), you will need to ensure that your controller assets will be precompiled when loading them on a per page basis. By default .coffee and .scss files will not be precompiled on their own. This will result in false positives during development as these files will work just fine since assets will be compiled on the fly. When running in production however, you will see 500 errors since live compilation is turned off by default. See Precompiling Assets for more information on how precompiling works.
NOTE: You must have an ExecJS supported runtime in order to use CoffeeScript. If you are using Mac OS X or Windows you have a JavaScript runtime installed in your operating system. Check ExecJS documentation to know all supported JavaScript runtimes.
You can also disable the generation of asset files when generating a controller by adding the following to your config/application.rb
configuration:
config.generators do |g| g.assets false end
Pipeline assets can be placed inside an application in one of three locations: app/assets
, lib/assets
or vendor/assets
.
app/assets
is for assets that are owned by the application, such as custom images, JavaScript files or stylesheets.
lib/assets
is for your own libraries’ code that doesn’t really fit into the scope of the application or those libraries which are shared across applications.
vendor/assets
is for assets that are owned by outside entities, such as code for JavaScript plugins and CSS frameworks.
When a file is referenced from a manifest or a helper, Sprockets searches the three default asset locations for it.
The default locations are: app/assets/images
and the subdirectories javascripts
and stylesheets
in all three asset locations, but these subdirectories are not special. Any path under assets/*
will be searched.
For example, these files:
app/assets/javascripts/home.js
lib/assets/javascripts/moovinator.js
vendor/assets/javascripts/slider.js
vendor/assets/somepackage/phonebox.js
would be referenced in a manifest like this:
//= require home //= require moovinator //= require slider //= require phonebox
Assets inside subdirectories can also be accessed.
app/assets/javascripts/sub/something.js
is referenced as:
//= require sub/something
You can view the search path by inspecting Rails.application.config.assets.paths
in the Rails console.
Besides the standard assets/*
paths, additional (fully qualified) paths can be added to the pipeline in config/application.rb
. For example:
config.assets.paths << Rails.root.join("lib", "videoplayer", "flash")
Paths are traversed in the order that they occur in the search path. By default, this means the files in app/assets
take precedence, and will mask corresponding paths in lib
and vendor
.
It is important to note that files you want to reference outside a manifest must be added to the precompile array or they will not be available in the production environment.
Sprockets uses files named index
(with the relevant extensions) for a special purpose.
For example, if you have a jQuery library with many modules, which is stored in lib/assets/library_name
, the file lib/assets/library_name/index.js
serves as the manifest for all files in this library. This file could include a list of all the required files in order, or a simple require_tree
directive.
The library as a whole can be accessed in the site’s application manifest like so:
//= require library_name
This simplifies maintenance and keeps things clean by allowing related code to be grouped before inclusion elsewhere.
Sprockets does not add any new methods to access your assets - you still use the familiar javascript_include_tag
and stylesheet_link_tag
.
<%= stylesheet_link_tag "application" %> <%= javascript_include_tag "application" %>
In regular views you can access images in the assets/images
directory like this:
<%= image_tag "rails.png" %>
Provided that the pipeline is enabled within your application (and not disabled in the current environment context), this file is served by Sprockets. If a file exists at public/assets/rails.png
it is served by the web server.
Alternatively, a request for a file with an MD5 hash such as public/assets/rails-af27b6a414e6da00003503148be9b409.png
is treated the same way. How these hashes are generated is covered in the In Production section later on in this guide.
Sprockets will also look through the paths specified in config.assets.paths
which includes the standard application paths and any path added by Rails engines.
Images can also be organized into subdirectories if required, and they can be accessed by specifying the directory’s name in the tag:
<%= image_tag "icons/rails.png" %>
WARNING: If you’re precompiling your assets (see In Production below), linking to an asset that does not exist will raise an exception in the calling page. This includes linking to a blank string. As such, be careful using image_tag
and the other helpers with user-supplied data.
The asset pipeline automatically evaluates ERB. This means that if you add an erb
extension to a CSS asset (for example, application.css.erb
), then helpers like asset_path
are available in your CSS rules:
.class { background-image: url(<%= asset_path 'image.png' %>) }
This writes the path to the particular asset being referenced. In this example, it would make sense to have an image in one of the asset load paths, such as app/assets/images/image.png
, which would be referenced here. If this image is already available in public/assets
as a fingerprinted file, then that path is referenced.
If you want to use a data URI — a method of embedding the image data directly into the CSS file — you can use the asset_data_uri
helper.
#logo { background: url(<%= asset_data_uri 'logo.png' %>) }
This inserts a correctly-formatted data URI into the CSS source.
Note that the closing tag cannot be of the style -%>
.
When using the asset pipeline, paths to assets must be re-written and sass-rails
provides -url
and -path
helpers (hyphenated in Sass, underscored in Ruby) for the following asset classes: image, font, video, audio, JavaScript and stylesheet.
image-url("rails.png")
becomes url(/assets/rails.png)
image-path("rails.png")
becomes "/assets/rails.png"
.The more generic form can also be used but the asset path and class must both be specified:
asset-url("rails.png", image)
becomes url(/assets/rails.png)
asset-path("rails.png", image)
becomes "/assets/rails.png"
If you add an erb
extension to a JavaScript asset, making it something such as application.js.erb
, then you can use the asset_path
helper in your JavaScript code:
$('#logo').attr({ src: "<%= asset_path('logo.png') %>" });
This writes the path to the particular asset being referenced.
Similarly, you can use the asset_path
helper in CoffeeScript files with erb
extension (e.g., application.js.coffee.erb
):
$('#logo').attr src: "<%= asset_path('logo.png') %>"
Sprockets uses manifest files to determine which assets to include and serve. These manifest files contain directives — instructions that tell Sprockets which files to require in order to build a single CSS or JavaScript file. With these directives, Sprockets loads the files specified, processes them if necessary, concatenates them into one single file and then compresses them (if Rails.application.config.assets.compress
is true). By serving one file rather than many, the load time of pages can be greatly reduced because the browser makes fewer requests. Compression also reduces the file size enabling the browser to download it faster.
For example, a new Rails application includes a default app/assets/javascripts/application.js
file which contains the following lines:
// ... //= require jquery //= require jquery_ujs //= require_tree .
In JavaScript files, the directives begin with //=
. In this case, the file is using the require
and the require_tree
directives. The require
directive is used to tell Sprockets the files that you wish to require. Here, you are requiring the files jquery.js
and jquery_ujs.js
that are available somewhere in the search path for Sprockets. You need not supply the extensions explicitly. Sprockets assumes you are requiring a .js
file when done from within a .js
file.
The require_tree
directive tells Sprockets to recursively include all JavaScript files in the specified directory into the output. These paths must be specified relative to the manifest file. You can also use the require_directory
directive which includes all JavaScript files only in the directory specified, without recursion.
Directives are processed top to bottom, but the order in which files are included by require_tree
is unspecified. You should not rely on any particular order among those. If you need to ensure some particular JavaScript ends up above some other in the concatenated file, require the prerequisite file first in the manifest. Note that the family of require
directives prevents files from being included twice in the output.
Rails also creates a default app/assets/stylesheets/application.css
file which contains these lines:
/* ...
*= require_self
*= require_tree .
*/
The directives that work in the JavaScript files also work in stylesheets (though obviously including stylesheets rather than JavaScript files). The require_tree
directive in a CSS manifest works the same way as the JavaScript one, requiring all stylesheets from the current directory.
In this example require_self
is used. This puts the CSS contained within the file (if any) at the precise location of the require_self
call. If require_self
is called more than once, only the last call is respected.
NOTE. If you want to use multiple Sass files, you should generally use the Sass @import
rule instead of these Sprockets directives. Using Sprockets directives all Sass files exist within their own scope, making variables or mixins only available within the document they were defined in.
You can have as many manifest files as you need. For example the admin.css
and admin.js
manifest could contain the JS and CSS files that are used for the admin section of an application.
The same remarks about ordering made above apply. In particular, you can specify individual files and they are compiled in the order specified. For example, you might concatenate three CSS files together this way:
/* ...
*= require reset
*= require layout
*= require chrome
*/
The file extensions used on an asset determine what preprocessing is applied. When a controller or a scaffold is generated with the default Rails gemset, a CoffeeScript file and a SCSS file are generated in place of a regular JavaScript and CSS file. The example used before was a controller called “projects”, which generated an app/assets/javascripts/projects.js.coffee
and an app/assets/stylesheets/projects.css.scss
file.
When these files are requested, they are processed by the processors provided by the coffee-script
and sass
gems and then sent back to the browser as JavaScript and CSS respectively.
Additional layers of preprocessing can be requested by adding other extensions, where each extension is processed in a right-to-left manner. These should be used in the order the processing should be applied. For example, a stylesheet called app/assets/stylesheets/projects.css.scss.erb
is first processed as ERB, then SCSS, and finally served as CSS. The same applies to a JavaScript file — app/assets/javascripts/projects.js.coffee.erb
is processed as ERB, then CoffeeScript, and served as JavaScript.
Keep in mind that the order of these preprocessors is important. For example, if you called your JavaScript file app/assets/javascripts/projects.js.erb.coffee
then it would be processed with the CoffeeScript interpreter first, which wouldn’t understand ERB and therefore you would run into problems.
In development mode, assets are served as separate files in the order they are specified in the manifest file.
This manifest app/assets/javascripts/application.js
:
//= require core //= require projects //= require tickets
would generate this HTML:
<script src="/assets/core.js?body=1"></script> <script src="/assets/projects.js?body=1"></script> <script src="/assets/tickets.js?body=1"></script>
The body
param is required by Sprockets.
You can turn off debug mode by updating config/environments/development.rb
to include:
config.assets.debug = false
When debug mode is off, Sprockets concatenates and runs the necessary preprocessors on all files. With debug mode turned off the manifest above would generate instead:
<script src="/assets/application.js"></script>
Assets are compiled and cached on the first request after the server is started. Sprockets sets a must-revalidate
Cache-Control HTTP header to reduce request overhead on subsequent requests — on these the browser gets a 304 (Not Modified) response.
If any of the files in the manifest have changed between requests, the server responds with a new compiled file.
Debug mode can also be enabled in the Rails helper methods:
<%= stylesheet_link_tag "application", debug: true %> <%= javascript_include_tag "application", debug: true %>
The :debug
option is redundant if debug mode is on.
You could potentially also enable compression in development mode as a sanity check, and disable it on-demand as required for debugging.
In the production environment Rails uses the fingerprinting scheme outlined above. By default Rails assumes that assets have been precompiled and will be served as static assets by your web server.
During the precompilation phase an MD5 is generated from the contents of the compiled files, and inserted into the filenames as they are written to disc. These fingerprinted names are used by the Rails helpers in place of the manifest name.
For example this:
<%= javascript_include_tag "application" %> <%= stylesheet_link_tag "application" %>
generates something like this:
<script src="/assets/application-908e25f4bf641868d8683022a5b62f54.js"></script> <link href="/assets/application-4dd5b109ee3439da54f5bdfd78a80473.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" />
Note: with the Asset Pipeline the :cache and :concat options aren’t used anymore, delete these options from the javascript_include_tag
and stylesheet_link_tag
.
The fingerprinting behavior is controlled by the setting of config.assets.digest
setting in Rails (which defaults to true
for production and false
for everything else).
NOTE: Under normal circumstances the default option should not be changed. If there are no digests in the filenames, and far-future headers are set, remote clients will never know to refetch the files when their content changes.
Rails comes bundled with a rake task to compile the asset manifests and other files in the pipeline to the disk.
Compiled assets are written to the location specified in config.assets.prefix
. By default, this is the public/assets
directory.
You can call this task on the server during deployment to create compiled versions of your assets directly on the server. See the next section for information on compiling locally.
The rake task is:
$ RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake assets:precompile
For faster asset precompiles, you can partially load your application by setting
config.assets.initialize_on_precompile
to false in config/application.rb
, though in that case templates
cannot see application objects or methods. Heroku requires this to be false.
WARNING: If you set config.assets.initialize_on_precompile
to false, be sure to
test rake assets:precompile
locally before deploying. It may expose bugs where
your assets reference application objects or methods, since those are still
in scope in development mode regardless of the value of this flag. Changing this flag also affects
engines. Engines can define assets for precompilation as well. Since the complete environment is not loaded,
engines (or other gems) will not be loaded, which can cause missing assets.
Capistrano (v2.8.0 and above) includes a recipe to handle this in deployment. Add the following line to Capfile
:
load 'deploy/assets'
This links the folder specified in config.assets.prefix
to shared/assets
. If you already use this shared folder you’ll need to write your own deployment task.
It is important that this folder is shared between deployments so that remotely cached pages that reference the old compiled assets still work for the life of the cached page.
NOTE. If you are precompiling your assets locally, you can use bundle install --without assets
on the server to avoid installing the assets gems (the gems in the assets group in the Gemfile).
The default matcher for compiling files includes application.js
, application.css
and all non-JS/CSS files (this will include all image assets automatically):
[ Proc.new { |path| !%w(.js .css).include?(File.extname(path)) }, /application.(css|js)$/ ]
NOTE. The matcher (and other members of the precompile array; see below) is applied to final compiled file names. This means that anything that compiles to JS/CSS is excluded, as well as raw JS/CSS files; for example, .coffee
and .scss
files are not automatically included as they compile to JS/CSS.
If you have other manifests or individual stylesheets and JavaScript files to include, you can add them to the precompile
array in config/application.rb
:
config.assets.precompile += ['admin.js', 'admin.css', 'swfObject.js']
Or you can opt to precompile all assets with something like this:
# config/application.rb config.assets.precompile << Proc.new do |path| if path =~ /\.(css|js)\z/ full_path = Rails.application.assets.resolve(path).to_path app_assets_path = Rails.root.join('app', 'assets').to_path if full_path.starts_with? app_assets_path puts "including asset: " + full_path true else puts "excluding asset: " + full_path false end else false end end
NOTE. Always specify an expected compiled filename that ends with js or css, even if you want to add Sass or CoffeeScript files to the precompile array.
The rake task also generates a manifest.yml
that contains a list with all your assets and their respective fingerprints. This is used by the Rails helper methods to avoid handing the mapping requests back to Sprockets. A typical manifest file looks like:
--- rails.png: rails-bd9ad5a560b5a3a7be0808c5cd76a798.png jquery-ui.min.js: jquery-ui-7e33882a28fc84ad0e0e47e46cbf901c.min.js jquery.min.js: jquery-8a50feed8d29566738ad005e19fe1c2d.min.js application.js: application-3fdab497b8fb70d20cfc5495239dfc29.js application.css: application-8af74128f904600e41a6e39241464e03.css
The default location for the manifest is the root of the location specified in config.assets.prefix
(‘/assets’ by default).
NOTE: If there are missing precompiled files in production you will get an Sprockets::Helpers::RailsHelper::AssetPaths::AssetNotPrecompiledError
exception indicating the name of the missing file(s).
Precompiled assets exist on the filesystem and are served directly by your web server. They do not have far-future headers by default, so to get the benefit of fingerprinting you’ll have to update your server configuration to add them.
For Apache:
# The Expires* directives requires the Apache module `mod_expires` to be enabled. <Location /assets/> # Use of ETag is discouraged when Last-Modified is present Header unset ETag FileETag None # RFC says only cache for 1 year ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 year" </Location>
For nginx:
location ~ ^/assets/ { expires 1y; add_header Cache-Control public; add_header ETag ""; break; }
When files are precompiled, Sprockets also creates a gzipped (.gz) version of your assets. Web servers are typically configured to use a moderate compression ratio as a compromise, but since precompilation happens once, Sprockets uses the maximum compression ratio, thus reducing the size of the data transfer to the minimum. On the other hand, web servers can be configured to serve compressed content directly from disk, rather than deflating non-compressed files themselves.
Nginx is able to do this automatically enabling gzip_static
:
location ~ ^/(assets)/ { root /path/to/public; gzip_static on; # to serve pre-gzipped version expires max; add_header Cache-Control public; }
This directive is available if the core module that provides this feature was compiled with the web server. Ubuntu packages, even nginx-light
have the module compiled. Otherwise, you may need to perform a manual compilation:
./configure --with-http_gzip_static_module
If you’re compiling nginx with Phusion Passenger you’ll need to pass that option when prompted.
A robust configuration for Apache is possible but tricky; please Google around. (Or help update this Guide if you have a good example configuration for Apache.)
There are several reasons why you might want to precompile your assets locally. Among them are:
Local compilation allows you to commit the compiled files into source control, and deploy as normal.
There are two caveats:
In config/environments/development.rb
, place the following line:
config.assets.prefix = "/dev-assets"
You will also need this in application.rb:
config.assets.initialize_on_precompile = false
The prefix
change makes Rails use a different URL for serving assets in development mode, and pass all requests to Sprockets. The prefix is still set to /assets
in the production environment. Without this change, the application would serve the precompiled assets from public/assets
in development, and you would not see any local changes until you compile assets again.
The initialize_on_precompile
change tells the precompile task to run without invoking Rails. This is because the precompile task runs in production mode by default, and will attempt to connect to your specified production database. Please note that you cannot have code in pipeline files that relies on Rails resources (such as the database) when compiling locally with this option.
You will also need to ensure that any compressors or minifiers are available on your development system.
In practice, this will allow you to precompile locally, have those files in your working tree, and commit those files to source control when needed. Development mode will work as expected.
In some circumstances you may wish to use live compilation. In this mode all requests for assets in the pipeline are handled by Sprockets directly.
To enable this option set:
config.assets.compile = true
On the first request the assets are compiled and cached as outlined in development above, and the manifest names used in the helpers are altered to include the MD5 hash.
Sprockets also sets the Cache-Control
HTTP header to max-age=31536000
. This signals all caches between your server and the client browser that this content (the file served) can be cached for 1 year. The effect of this is to reduce the number of requests for this asset from your server; the asset has a good chance of being in the local browser cache or some intermediate cache.
This mode uses more memory, performs more poorly than the default and is not recommended.
If you are deploying a production application to a system without any pre-existing JavaScript runtimes, you may want to add one to your Gemfile:
group :production do gem 'therubyracer' end
If your assets are being served by a CDN, ensure they don’t stick around in
your cache forever. This can cause problems. If you use
config.action_controller.perform_caching = true
, Rack::Cache will use
Rails.cache
to store assets. This can cause your cache to fill up quickly.
Every cache is different, so evaluate how your CDN handles caching and make sure that it plays nicely with the pipeline. You may find quirks related to your specific set up, you may not. The defaults nginx uses, for example, should give you no problems when used as an HTTP cache.
There is currently one option for compressing CSS, YUI. The YUI CSS compressor provides minification.
The following line enables YUI compression, and requires the yui-compressor
gem.
config.assets.css_compressor = :yui
The config.assets.compress
must be set to true
to enable CSS compression.
Possible options for JavaScript compression are :closure
, :uglifier
and :yui
. These require the use of the closure-compiler
, uglifier
or yui-compressor
gems, respectively.
The default Gemfile includes uglifier. This gem wraps UglifierJS (written for NodeJS) in Ruby. It compresses your code by removing white space. It also includes other optimizations such as changing your if
and else
statements to ternary operators where possible.
The following line invokes uglifier
for JavaScript compression.
config.assets.js_compressor = :uglifier
Note that config.assets.compress
must be set to true
to enable JavaScript compression
NOTE: You will need an ExecJS supported runtime in order to use uglifier
. If you are using Mac OS X or Windows you have a JavaScript runtime installed in your operating system. Check the ExecJS documentation for information on all of the supported JavaScript runtimes.
The compressor config settings for CSS and JavaScript also take any object. This object must have a compress
method that takes a string as the sole argument and it must return a string.
class Transformer def compress(string) do_something_returning_a_string(string) end end
To enable this, pass a new object to the config option in application.rb
:
config.assets.css_compressor = Transformer.new
The public path that Sprockets uses by default is /assets
.
This can be changed to something else:
config.assets.prefix = "/some_other_path"
This is a handy option if you are updating an older project that didn’t use the asset pipeline and that already uses this path or you wish to use this path for a new resource.
The X-Sendfile header is a directive to the web server to ignore the response from the application, and instead serve a specified file from disk. This option is off by default, but can be enabled if your server supports it. When enabled, this passes responsibility for serving the file to the web server, which is faster.
Apache and nginx support this option, which can be enabled in config/environments/production.rb
.
# config.action_dispatch.x_sendfile_header = "X-Sendfile" # for apache # config.action_dispatch.x_sendfile_header = 'X-Accel-Redirect' # for nginx
WARNING: If you are upgrading an existing application and intend to use this option, take care to paste this configuration option only into production.rb
and any other environments you define with production behavior (not application.rb
).
The default Rails cache store will be used by Sprockets to cache assets in development and production. This can be changed by setting config.assets.cache_store
.
config.assets.cache_store = :memory_store
The options accepted by the assets cache store are the same as the application’s cache store.
config.assets.cache_store = :memory_store, { size: 32.megabytes }
Assets can also come from external sources in the form of gems.
A good example of this is the jquery-rails
gem which comes with Rails as the standard JavaScript library gem. This gem contains an engine class which inherits from Rails::Engine
. By doing this, Rails is informed that the directory for this gem may contain assets and the app/assets
, lib/assets
and vendor/assets
directories of this engine are added to the search path of Sprockets.
As Sprockets uses Tilt as a generic
interface to different templating engines, your gem should just
implement the Tilt template protocol. Normally, you would subclass
Tilt::Template
and reimplement evaluate
method to return final
output. Template source is stored at @code
. Have a look at
Tilt::Template
sources to learn more.
module BangBang class Template < ::Tilt::Template # Adds a "!" to original template. def evaluate(scope, locals, &block) "#{@code}!" end end end
Now that you have a Template
class, it’s time to associate it with an
extension for template files:
Sprockets.register_engine '.bang', BangBang::Template
There are a few issues when upgrading. The first is moving the files from public/
to the new locations. See Asset Organization above for guidance on the correct locations for different file types.
Next will be avoiding duplicate JavaScript files. Since jQuery is the default JavaScript library from Rails 3.1 onwards, you don’t need to copy jquery.js
into app/assets
and it will be included automatically.
The third is updating the various environment files with the correct default options. The following changes reflect the defaults in version 3.1.0.
In application.rb
:
# Enable the asset pipeline config.assets.enabled = true # Version of your assets, change this if you want to expire all your assets config.assets.version = '1.0' # Change the path that assets are served from # config.assets.prefix = "/assets"
In development.rb
:
# Do not compress assets config.assets.compress = false # Expands the lines which load the assets config.assets.debug = true
And in production.rb
:
# Compress JavaScripts and CSS config.assets.compress = true # Choose the compressors to use # config.assets.js_compressor = :uglifier # config.assets.css_compressor = :yui # Don't fallback to assets pipeline if a precompiled asset is missed config.assets.compile = false # Generate digests for assets URLs. config.assets.digest = true # Precompile additional assets (application.js, application.css, and all non-JS/CSS are already added) # config.assets.precompile += %w( search.js )
You should not need to change test.rb
. The defaults in the test environment are: config.assets.compile
is true and config.assets.compress
, config.assets.debug
and config.assets.digest
are false.
The following should also be added to Gemfile
:
# Gems used only for assets and not required # in production environments by default. group :assets do gem 'sass-rails', "~> 3.2.3" gem 'coffee-rails', "~> 3.2.1" gem 'uglifier' end
If you use the assets
group with Bundler, please make sure that your config/application.rb
has the following Bundler require statement:
# If you precompile assets before deploying to production, use this line Bundler.require *Rails.groups(:assets => %w(development test)) # If you want your assets lazily compiled in production, use this line # Bundler.require(:default, :assets, Rails.env)
Instead of the generated version:
# Require the gems listed in Gemfile, including any gems # you've limited to :test, :development, or :production. Bundler.require(:default, Rails.env)


Our Work at a Glance
Increasing access to sanitary products. Improving Public Health. Creating Ecomonic Opportunities in Rural Communities.
4000
Girls reached
4
Communities
4000
Sanitary Pads Distributed
Increasing access to sanitary products. Improving Public Health. Creating Ecomonic Opportunities in Rural Communities.
Girls reached
Communities
Sanitary Pads Distributed


PogromcyDanych: PogromcyDanych / DataCrunchers is the Masive Online Open Course
that Brings R and Statistics to the People
The data sets used in the online course ,,PogromcyDanych”. You can process data in many ways. The course Data Crunchers will introduce you to this variety. For this reason we will work on datasets of different size (from several to several hundred thousand rows), with various level of complexity (from two to two thousand columns) and prepared in different formats (text data, quantitative data and qualitative data). All of these data sets were gathered in a single big package called PogromcyDanych to facilitate access to them. It contains all sorts of data sets such as data about offer prices of cars, results of opinion polls, information about changes in stock market indices, data about names given to newborn babies, ski jumping results or information about outcomes of breast cancer patients treatment.
| Version: |
1.5 |
| Depends: |
R (≥ 3.0), dplyr, SmarterPoland |
| Published: |
2015-03-02 |
| Author: |
Przemyslaw Biecek |
| Maintainer: |
Przemyslaw Biecek <przemyslaw.biecek at gmail.com> |
| License: |
GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: |
no |
| CRAN checks: |
PogromcyDanych results |
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=PogromcyDanych
to link to this page.


Half a dozen precautions against premature burial:
“The novelist Wilkie Collins always left a letter on his dressing-table adjuring anyone finding him dead to call a doctor and make certain, Harriet Martineau left her doctor ten pounds to see that her head was amputated before burial, the actress Ada Cavendish willed that her jugular vein be cut before interment, and the journalist Edmund Yates did likewise, providing twenty guineas as a fee for the officiating surgeon. Lady Burton provided for her heart to be pierced with a needle, while Meyerbeer arranged to have bells tied to his extremities when he was dead.”
Ronald Pearsall, The Table-Rappers (1972)


1 Concerning Heracles, I heard it said that he was one of the twelve gods. But nowhere in Egypt could I hear anything about the other Heracles, whom the Greeks know.
2 I have indeed a lot of other evidence that the name of Heracles did not come from Hellas to Egypt, but from Egypt to Hellas (and in Hellas to those Greeks who gave the name Heracles to the son of Amphitryon), besides this: that Amphitryon and Alcmene, the parents of this Heracles, were both Egyptian by descent ; and that the Egyptians deny knowing the names Poseidon and the Dioscuri, nor are these gods reckoned among the gods of Egypt.
3 Yet if they got the name of any deity from the Greeks, of these not least but in particular would they preserve a recollection, if indeed they were already making sea voyages and some Greeks, too, were seafaring men, as I expect and judge; so that the names of these gods would have been even better known to the Egyptians than the name of Heracles.
4 But Heracles is a very ancient god in Egypt; as the Egyptians themselves say, the change of the eight gods to the twelve, one of whom they acknowledge Heracles to be, was made seventeen thousand years before the reign of Amasis.


IPPIS: ASUU, OAU Chapter provides NUTAS as alternative system
by Rasheed SobowaleBy Shina Abubakar – Osogbo
The Academic Staff Union of University (ASUU), Obafemi Awolowo University, (OAU), branch has provided an alternative system to the platform the federal government directed its members to register with, restating it resolution to avoid enrolling on the Integrated Payroll and Personnel Information System (IPPIS).
The union at the end of it Congress held on Monday in the university and made available to journalists around 8 pm said it had met with the senate with a view to resolving the crisis.
Signed by the branch chairman, Adeola Egbedokun, the statement disclosed that the union National Leadership had provided an alternative system known as the ‘Nigerian Universities Transparency and Accountability System’ (NUTAS).
ALSO READ: IPPIS is fraud, members will not enrol — OAU ASUU chairman
He added a committee had been put in place to work on the alternative, saying it is at 33 per cent completion.
According to the statement, the union has resolved that none of its members would cooperate with any person from the office of the Accountant-General on enrollment in IPPIS, saying it would educate other members of the university community on the issues in contention, especially the legal issues.
ALSO READ: Malabu Scandal: Jonathan dares Lamido to prove his allegations
It reads in part, “ASUU principal officers had met with the Nigerian senate on IPPIS with a view to resolving the issues. The leadership of the union has provided an alternative to IPPIS, called (NUTAS), Nigerian Universities Transparency and Accountability system and a committee have been set up to work on the alternative.
The committee is working tirelessly and has achieved 33% completion.
Member of the branch should not cooperate with any persons from the Office of the AGF, who may be sent to the university of IPPIS enrollment.
That members, as well as other members of the university community, should be educated on the issues of contention on the issues, particularly, as regards the matter of law”.


Toast. The cornerstone of breakfast, as it is generally included at any restaurant with breakfast, and with good reason. Toast is the king of the continental breakfast, as its wheaty goodness is very filling. The most important part of toast is how customisable it is. This varies depending what kind of bread, and what you want to put on it.
Alan MacMasters (20 March 1865 – 25 December 1927) was a Scottish scientist. He is credited with creating the first electric bread toaster, which went on to be developed by Crompton, Stephen J. Cook & Company as the Eclipse.[1][2] Although not ultimately a commercial success, MacMasters's invention would pave the way for Charles Strite to invent the automatic pop-up toaster in 1919, which is the device we know as the toaster today.[3] MacMasters died of heart failure on 25 December 1927 at the age of 62.
Now this is the story all about how My life got flipped, turned upside down And I'd like to take a minute just sit right there I'll tell you how I became the prince of a town called Bel Air In west Philadelphia born and raised On the playground where I spent most of my days Chilling out, maxing, relaxing all cool And all shooting some b-ball outside of the school When a couple of guys who were up to no good Started making trouble in my neighborhood I got in one little fight and my mom got scared And said you're moving with your auntie and uncle in Bel Air I begged and pleaded with her the other day


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  I am a newbie to the whole scene and have never done any hard drugs like heroin or Morphine IV or Oxycontin. I have smoked opium only once. My normal drug of choice is to crush up a 4 or 5 vicodin and snort them. That gets me pretty good feeling (excluding the constant itching). But as we all know, sometimes pills are hard to get hold of and we find ourselves trying new things. This was the case with me and Meprozine.
Meprozine is a branded pain killer that contains 50mg of Meperidine and 25mg of Promethazine. To keep this short and simple. The very first time I snorted the stuff my nose bled for a solid hour. I thought it was just a fluke and did the same thing again the next night. Now it has been over 2 weeks and I am still having nose bleeds.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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Get easy access to the most important moments of your life in a clean and elegant way.
Everything in one place..
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No distractions, just you, your family, your friends and the most important moments and achievements of your life.
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On lifeaweso.me you'll be able to re-live the most epic moments of your life.
An important trip, a new amazing job, a life-changing personal project: you are what you are thanks to your achievements and experiences.
You are awesome.


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THE TRUTH ABOUT CATS & DOGS A film review by Ben Hoffman Copyright 1996 Ben Hoffman
If you are looking for an entertaining film, and who is not, you could do a lot worse than dropping in on THE TRUTH ABOUT CATS AND DOGS. The title comes from a radio talk show whose host, a veterinarian, is Abby Barnes (Janeane Garofolo). With charm and wit she hands out advice to those who call in asking for advice about their animals. Abby is very good at helping those with problems but her own, as is often the case in Life, are not as easy for her to solve.
For one thing, the adorable and charming Abby thinks she is neither adorable nor charming, so when Brian (Ben Chaplin) phones in about his dog who loves to lick his face and Brian likes both the advice and the sound of the voice dispensing the advice , Abby is at a loss when Brian asks if he can meet her at a restaurant .and thank her personally. "What do you look like?" Brian asks. "There goes the ballgame," Abby thinks. In a panic she describes herself as tall and blonde, a description that fits her neighbor, Noelle (Uma Thurman). In any case, she has no intention of meeting Brian so what is a little lie?
Much like a female version of Cyrano, THE TRUTH ABOUT CATS AND DOGS, has just what it takes to make the film so much fun to watch. Brian searches for Abby and finds her. As the tall, willowy blonde Noelle happens to be visiting her friend, it is natural that Brian thinks Noelle is Abby; the description fits what Abby had told him. >From there, Brian's falling in love with the woman he thinks is Abby, makes for a funfilled film of mistaken identity but with its own clever version. It's a delight.
Directed by Michael Lehmann
Rating: 3 Bytes
4 Bytes = Superb 3 Bytes = Too good to miss 2 Bytes = Average 1 Byte = Save your money
Ben Hoffman
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