This is a step-by-step guide to getting Enzo compiled and a test problem run on your computer of choice. We assume no previous experience with the code. The only assumption is that the computer that you are installing Enzo on has MPI and HDF 4 or HDF 5 (or possibly both) installed on your machine. Also, we assume that your machine has GNU Make installed.
This page shows actual inputs and outputs from an Enzo installation performed on Titan (titan.ncsa.uiuc.edu), the NCSA IA-64 Linux cluster. Click here for more information about that machine. Though we show inputs from this machine, they should be generally applicable to your machine of choice, as long as it runs some unix variant. We have successfully compiled and run Enzo on Sun, SGI, IBM, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard and Cray machines, as well as Apple computers running OS X and a wide variety of machines running the Linux operating system.
You can download the Enzo package from the Enzo web site, http://cosmos.usd.edu/enzo/. Click on 'download' and then download the enzo code bundle from the website. You should now have a file called enzo-1.0.0.tar.gz on your computer. Copy this file to the machine that you want to run Enzo on. You then untar this by typing:
user02:~101% gunzip enzo-1.0.0.tar.gz; tar xvf enzo-1.0.0.tar
The file will untar into a directory called enzo-1.0.0, and the source code should occupy about 6 megabytes. You need a total of roughly 100 megabytes to compile Enzo and all of its associated utilities.
Once you untar the code bundle, go to the enzo top level directory and run the configuration tool. You do this by typing:
user02:~102% cd enzo-1.0.0
user02:~103% ./configure
The GNU configuration tool will then determine what kind of system you have, your compilers, etc. There will be quite a bit of output. At the end, the tool will print out several lines of information that looks something like this:
Architecture: Intel Itanium Machine: Generic MPI: On jbPerf/jbMem: Off I/O: HDF5 Global precision: Double Particles precision: Double Optimization level: Debug + Optimize Object file type: 64-bit objects FFT: F90 FFT Code optimizations: On (excludes un-tested optimizations) Test suite hooks: Off
This is the configuration that Enzo is going to compile with. In the case of the output above, that means that Enzo will compile with MPI enabled (to allow you to perform simulations using multiple processors), HDF 5 as the IO format, double precision variables throughout, and optimization and debugging code enabled. There are a large number of possible configurations, which can be seen by typing:
user02:~104% make help-config
Which will print out the various options, which we do not show here here for the sake of brevity. At any time, you can see the current configuration of the code by typing:
user02:~105% make show-config
If your machine is not one of the supported platforms (the various NCSA and SDSC computers) you may have to manually set paths to libraries and compilers. Instructions on how to do this are in the file README.config in the Enzo top level directory. This process should be relatively painless assuming that all of the libraries needed for Enzo are installed correctly. If you have problems finding specific libraries, consult your system administrator.
After you have finished setting all of your options, the configuration code will have generated makefiles in every subdirectory with the appropriate compiler and library information. To actually compile the code (assuming you have set the various options how you want them) you then type:
user02:~106% make
Assuming that the configuration code has found everything correctly, you will then be rewarded with thousands of lines of output as Enzo and its tools are compiled. When the compilation has finished (assuming there are no errors), you should then type:
user02:~107% make install
Which will then put all of the executables in the enzo-1.0.0/bin directory.
If you need to recompile the code, you should make sure to clean out all of the subdirectories. You do this by typing:
user02:~108% make clean
This will remove all of the binaries and object files. If you are having problems with compilation you may need to do a more thorough cleaning, which removes all of the configuration files and machine-generated makefiles as well as the executables and object files. You do this by typing:
user02:~109% make distclean
You will then have to start the compilation instructions from the beginning of this section.
This section assumes that you have compiled enzo with mpi OFF. You do this by typing make mpi-off before actually compiling the code by typing make and make install.
At this point you should have a compiled version of enzo in the directory enzo-1.0.0/bin. You can run a test problem by changing to the directory enzo-1.0.0/amr_mpi/exe. If you type ls, you'll see there are several parameter files in this directory:
user02:~/enzo-1.0.0/amr_mpi/exe110% ls AdiabaticExpansion ATOMIC.DAT lookup_metal0.3.data ShockTube TestGravityMotion AMRCosmologySimulation CollapseTest NFWTest show_projection.pro TestGravitySphere AMRShockPool2D CollideTest PressurelessCollapse SphericalInfall TREECOOL AMRShockTube cool_rates.in ProjectionParameters StripTest viewit_extract* AMRZeldovichPancake ExtremeAdvectionTest ShockPool2D SupernovaeRestart WavePool AnalyzeClusterParameterFile GravityStripTest ShockPool3D TestGravity ZeldovichPancake
Most of these files are parameter files for various test problems. See this section of the Enzo Guide for more information on test problems and their parameters. We're going to run the Shock Tube test. This is a one-dimensional problem which is known as the Sod Shock Tube and is commonly used to test various aspects of a hydro code. We'll be using the parameter file ShockTube. Examine the contents of this file by typing:
user02:~/enzo-1.0.0/amr_mpi/exe111% more ShockTube
The following parameters will then be displayed:
# # AMR PROBLEM DEFINITION FILE: ShockTube test (1 grid version) # # define problem # ProblemType = 1 // Shock Tube TopGridRank = 1 TopGridDimensions = 100 HydroMethod = 0 # # set I/O and stop/start parameters # StopTime = 0.251 dtDataDump = 0.4 # # set hydro parameters # Gamma = 1.4 PPMDiffusionParameter = 0 // diffusion off CourantSafetyNumber = 0.8 # # set grid refinement parameters # StaticHierarchy = 1 // static hierarchy MaximumRefinementLevel = 1 // use up to 2 levels RefineBy = 4 // refinement factor MinimumSlopeForRefinement = 0.2 // set this to <= 0.2 to refine CD # # set some global parameters # tiny_number = 1.0e-6 // fixes velocity slope problem MinimumEfficiency = 0.4 // better value for 1d than 0.2
You then can run the test problem by typing:
user02:~/enzo-1.0.0/amr_mpi/exe112% ../../bin/enzo ShockTube
This will produce some output to the screen and several files whose names start with data0000 and data0001. You can get more verbose output from enzo (for debugging purposes) by using the -d flag, ie, use enzo -d instead of simply enzo. If you do that the output maybe be difficult to follow, so you may wish to redirect the output of enzo into a log file, like this:
user02:~/enzo-1.0.0/amr_mpi/exe113% ../../bin/enzo -d ShockTube > shocktubetest.log
And then you can examine the contents of the log file by typing more shocktubetest.log.
The output of this program are two sets of files whose names start with data0000 and data0001. The first set is the simulation output at the beginning of the simulation, and the second set is the final output. Each set of files has one file with no extension, which is the restart parameter file. This contains text-based information that Enzo needs in order to restart the simulation, if you wanted to do that. The files that end in the .hierarchy extension are text-based information on the Enzo grid hierarchy. This particular test is unigrid, so the hierarchy file has a single (albeit multi-line) entry. Typically AMR simulations have anywhere between dozens and tens of thousands of entries in this file. The files that end in .boundary and .boundary.hdf contain information on the boundary conditions for the test problem, and are outside the scope of this discussion. The files that end in .grid0001 contain the actual simulation outputs. These can be examined using the h5ls and h5dump utilities, which come with your HDF 5 library in the bin directory. h5ls displays the data sets that are stored in a given HDF 5 file, like so:
user02:~/enzo-1.0.0/amr_mpi/exe114% h5ls data0001.grid0001 Density Dataset {100} Total\ Energy Dataset {100} x-velocity Dataset {100} user02:~/enzo-1.0.0/amr_mpi/exe115%
The h5dump command actually dumps out the values of a given dataset. If we want to view the x-velocity dataset that we know is in the file data0001.grid0001, we do this:
user02:~/enzo-1.0.0/amr_mpi/exe145% h5dump -d x-velocity data0001.grid0001
Which outputs a great deal of information about the x-velocity dataset. h5ls and h5dump are very useful tools for looking at HDF 5 files and doing quick checks of the data. For more advanced visualization and data analysis techniques, you may wish to refer to the Cookbook sections on data analysis and data visualization, and the Enzo user's guide section on data analysis.
Congratulations! If you've been following along on your own, you've now run your first Enzo test problem and taken a look at the output.
In order to run an example cosmology simulation you will need to recompile the code with MPI ON. Refer to the section above on compiling Enzo to see how to do that. After recompiling with MPI on, you should create a directory to run the simulation in. This is because Enzo cosmology simulations create quite a few output files, so it's best to store them in their own directory. For the purposes of this example I'm going to assume that you have created a directory called EnzoTestSim in your home directory. You should then download these two files: Example_Cosmology_Sim.inits and Example_Cosmology_Sim.param which are the initial conditions parameter file and the simulation parameter file, respectively. Put these two files in that directory, along with the enzo binary, the ring binary, and the initial conditions generator binary (the binaries are named enzo, ring and inits, respectively).
The first step in preparing the simulation is to create the initial conditions. The file Example_Cosmology_Sim.inits is a text file which contains a list of parameter file names with their associated values. These values tell the initial conditions generator useful information like the simulation box size, the cosmological parameters and the size of the root grid. The code then takes that information and creates a set of initial conditions. inits is run by typing this command:
user02:~/EnzoTestSim150% ./inits -d Example_Cosmology_Sim.inits
inits will produce some output to the screen to tell you what it is doing, and will write five files: GridDensity, GridVelocities, ParticlePositions, ParticleVelocities and PowerSpectrum.out. The first four files contain information on initial conditions for the baryon and dark matter componenets of the simulation, and are HDF 5 files. The last file is an ascii file which contains information on the power spectrum used to generate the initial conditions.
This simulation is quite small. The root grid is only 32 cells on a side and we allow a maximum of three levels of mesh refinement. Still, we will use the ring tool, since it is important for larger simulations of sizes typically used for doing science.
The ring tool is part of the Enzo parallel IO (input-output) scheme. Examine the last section of the parameter file for this example simulation and you will see:
# # IO parameters # ParallelRootGridIO = 1 ParallelParticleIO = 1
These two parameters turn on parallel IO for both grids and particles. In a serial IO simulation where multiple processors are being used, the master processor reads in all of the grid and particle initial condition information and parcels out portions of the data to the other processors. Similarly, all simulation output goes through the master processor as well. This is fine for relatively small simulations using only a few processors, but slows down the code considerably when a huge simulation is being run on hundreds of processors. Turning on the parallel IO options allows each processor to perform its own IO, which greatly decreases the amount of time the code spends performing IO.
The process for parallelizing grid and particle information is quite different. Since we know exactly where every grid cell in a structured Eulerian grid is in space, and these cells are stored in a regular and predictable order in the initial conditions files, turning on ParallelRootGridIO simply tells each processor to figure out which portions of the arrays in the GridDensity and GridVelocities belong to it, and then read in only that part of the file. The particle files (ParticlePositions and ParticleVelocities) store the particle information in no particular order, so in order to efficiently parallelize the particle IO the ring tool is used. ring is run on the same number of processors as the simulation that you intend to run, and can be used right before the simulation itself is run. In ring, each processor reads in an equal fraction of the particle position and velocity information into a list, flags the particles that belong in its simulation spatial domain, and then passes its portion of the total list on to another processor. After each portion of the list has made its way to every processor, each processor then collects all of the particle and velocity information that belongs to it and writes them out into files called PPos.nnnn and PVel.nnnn, where nnnn is the processor number. Turning on the ParallelParticleIO flag in the Enzo parameter file instructs Enzo to look for these files.
For the purpose of this example, I'm going to run ring and Enzo on 4 processors, but as an interactive job on Titan. One enters interactive parallel mode by typing:
user02:~/EnzoTestSim151% qsub -I -V -l walltime=00:30:00,nodes=2:ppn=2:prod
This tells the machine that I want two compute nodes with two processors on each node (for a total of 4 processors) for a half hour of wall clock time. See this web page for more information on running interactive jobs on Titan. You may have to wait a bit until nodes become available, and then you will probably be left in your home directory, so you will have to change back to the EnzoTestSim subdirectory. You then run ring on the particle files by typing:
user02:~/EnzoTestSim154% vmirun ./ring ParticlePositions ParticleVelocities
This will then produce some output to your screen, and will generate 8 files: PPos.0000 through PPos.0003 and PVel.0000 through PVel.0003. Note that if you are using a different machine or platform, you may use something other than vmirun for MPI-parallel applications. Consult your system administrator or system documentation for more information.
Congratulations, you're now ready to run your cosmology simulation!
After all of this preparation, running the simulation itself should be straightforward. You start enzo by typing:
user02:~/EnzoTestSim155% vmirun ./enzo -d Example_Cosmology_Sim.param > output.log
The simulation will now run. The -d flag ensures a great deal of output, so we redirect it into a log file called output.log for later examination. This particular simulation should take approximately ten minutes to run on 4 processors on Titan. When the simulation is done, enzo will display the message "Successful run, exiting."
Enzo is a complicated code, with a similarly complicated output format. See the Enzo User Guide page on the Enzo output format for more information on the data outputs.
Congratulations! If you've made it this far, you have now successfully run a simulation using Enzo!
Previous - Index
Next - Running Enzo on specific machines


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Bill Gates returns as world's richest man
by Samuel OgundipeBill Gates, a foremost philanthropist who co-founded Microsoft, has returned this year as the world’s richest man.
The latest Bloomberg Billionaires Index said Mr Gates, 64, now has $110 billion, deposing Amazon billionaire owner, Jeff Bezos, into second place at $109 billion.
Bernard Arnault of Louis Vuitton luxury brand came third at $103 billion while Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg was fifth at $74.5 billion.
Mr Gates’ income was propelled by his Microsoft stocks, which went up 48 per cent in 2019. The company also secured a $10 billion defence contract for cloud infrastructure from the United States government.
But Mr Bezos’ Amazon posted a lacklustre result in the third quarter of 2019, which saw the founder lose nearly $7 billion in his stock value, reports said.
Mr Bezos had ended Mr Gates’ 24-year run as the richest man in 2018 when he was reportedly worth $160 billion.
The Amazon founder also had an infamous divorce that was finalised earlier this year, which saw his then wife, MacKenzie Bezos, walk away with $36 billion from Mr Bezos’ stocks. It was reported as the biggest divorce settlement in history.


[gecode-users] Any Advise on Delta
Christian Schulte
cschulte at kth.se
Thu Jan 22 11:09:03 CET 2009
Hi David,
I just checked the code for minus_r and I was a little surprised: I just
forgot to add the detection of this special case for minus_r, the other
iterator-based variable operations check for special cases (precisely to get
a more accurate delta). I'll jot it down to my list and it should be in
3.0.0 as it is not hard (Mikael, sorry for contradicting you here ;-) ).
Cheers
Christian
--
Christian Schulte, www.ict.kth.se/~cschulte/
-----Original Message-----
From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf
Of Mikael Zayenz Lagerkvist
Sent: Wednesday, January 21, 2009 3:48 PM
To: David Rijsman
Cc: users at gecode.org
Subject: Re: [gecode-users] Any Advise on Delta
Hi,
In the case of cumulatives, the domain information could be reported
in a better way since singleton ranges are removed, mapping naturally
onto the integer delta abstraction. Unfortunately, this would
complicate the code for the minus_r operation, and thus it is not
clear that we will do it.
If your interest is to check if the upper bound of a variable has
changed, then caching the maximum value in the advisor is simple and
rather efficient. This is probably what I would do, and it is
independent of the delta-information that is computed.
Cheers,
Mikael
On Wed, Jan 21, 2009 at 2:38 PM, David Rijsman
<David.Rijsman at quintiq.com> wrote:
> Christian,
>
> in a previous conversation on 'Any Advise on assignment delta' you
mentioned "the other operations that lead to 'any' are iterator-based
variable domain updates which in most cases just remove a single value or a
range (and hence the delta information is accurate).". Concerning this I
have the following question:
>
> I have been implementing a propagator which implements its own advise
method. The intention of the advise method is to only schedule the invoking
propagator if the maximum has changed. This is relatively easy to implement
but I noticed that the 'delta' reporting is rather 'rough' implemented and
my propagator gets scheduled quite often to conclude nothing. That is I am
getting a lot of 'any' hits when there could have been more information.
Specifically in my use case I have a cumulatives constraint whose propagator
uses View::minus_r a lot and this propagator only reports 'any' deltas (as
far as I can conclude). In the example in this e-mail clearly shows we could
be more informative in the delta, it streams 1-0 (any) although I would
expect 0-50.
>
> My question is if this is done for a reason and if so if this is done for
many operators on the views?
>
> //----------------------------------
>
> #include "gecode/kernel.hh"
> #include "gecode/int.hh"
> #include "gecode/iter.hh"
>
> namespace Gecode
> {
> class MyPropagator : public Propagator
> {
> public:
> MyPropagator(Space *home, Int::IntView v):
> Propagator(home),
> MView(v)
> {
> MView.subscribe(home, new (home)
ViewAdvisor<Int::IntView>(home,this,MCouncil,MView));
> }
>
> MyPropagator* copy (Space* home, bool share)
> {
> return 0;
> }
>
> ExecStatus propagate(Space *home, ModEventDelta med)
> {
> return ES_OK;
> }
>
> PropCost cost (ModEventDelta med) const
> {
> return PC_LINEAR_LO;
> }
>
> ExecStatus advise (Space *home, Advisor *a, const Delta *d)
> {
> ViewAdvisor<Int::IntView>& advisor =
static_cast<ViewAdvisor<Int::IntView>&>(*a);
>
> std::cout << advisor.view().min(d) << "-" << advisor.view().max(d) <<
std::endl;
>
> return ES_OK;
> }
> private:
> Int::IntView MView;
> Council<ViewAdvisor<Int::IntView>> MCouncil;
> };
>
> class MySpace : public Space
> {
> public:
> MySpace()
> {
> MX.init(this,0,100);
>
> }
>
> MySpace(bool share, MySpace &s):
> Space(share,s)
> {
> MX.update(this,share,s.MX);
> }
>
> MySpace* copy(bool share)
> {
> return new MySpace(share, *this);
> }
>
> IntVar MX;
> };
> }
>
> int main()
> {
> Gecode::MySpace space;
>
> new (&space) Gecode::MyPropagator(&space,space.MX);
>
> Gecode::Int::IntView view(space.MX);
>
> Gecode::Iter::Ranges::Singleton d(0,50);
>
> view.minus_r(&space,d,false);
> }
>
> //----------------------------------
>
> David
>
> Quintiq Conference "Quintessence 09" Tuesday May 12th, 2009, Country
Estate Duin & Kruidberg, near Amsterdam Schiphol, The Netherlands - for more
information visit www.quintiq.com
>
> This message contains information that may be privileged or confidential
and is the property of Quintiq. It is only intended for the person to whom
it is addressed. If you are not the intended recipient, you are not
authorized to read, print, retain, copy, disseminate, distribute or use this
message or any part thereof. If you have received this message in error,
please notify the sender immediately and delete all copies of this message.
Please note that e-mails are susceptible to change, therefore they are not
binding.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Gecode users mailing list
> users at gecode.org
> https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
>
--
Mikael Zayenz Lagerkvist, http://www.ict.kth.se/~zayenz/
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mailing list


About
JpegCamera is a JavaScript library that allows you to display a camera stream on a web page and then capture, show and upload JPEG snapshots to the server. It uses HTML5 in Chrome, Firefox and Opera and falls back to Flash in less capable browsers. The video stream is placed without any UI in a container of your choice and you control it through JavaScript API and your own UI elements.
The idea is based on a similar JpegCam library which was Flash only. Beside working without Flash and offering a cleaner, more modern API, JpegCamera has some nice, new features.
Features
- Works natively in Chrome, Firefox, Opera and with a Flash plugin in all other browsers.
- Manage and upload multiple snapshots at once. You don't have to wait for the first upload to finish before capturing the next image. This means you can take a few shots in a short interval.
- You can get snapshots for display outside the camera container in browsers
that support
canvas
element - even when using Flash fallback. - Allows you to retry failed uploads.
- Easily read server response text and code after upload.
- Send CSRF tokens to secure your user's session from Cross-site request forgery
- Prevents users from messing with HTML5 VIDEO or Flash object elements by overlaying transparent DIV over them after initialization.
- Makes sure the camera is really ready by checking stream's color standard deviation. Safeguard from weird all-black or all-white snapshots.
Demo
Check out the demo page.
Dependencies
- Canvas-to-Blob
polyfill for the standard JavaScript
canvas.toBlob
method. - SWFObject for embedding the Flash-based fallback.
For convenience these scripts are packaged with JpegCamera.
Installation
You can load JpegCamera directly on any web page, but if you're writing Rails 3.1 application consider using a gem. In either case you have an option of loading full library that includes HTML5 implementation with Flash fallback or HTML5 version only.
Standalone app
Copy all the files from dist
into jpeg_camera
directory under your server's
root.
Load JpegCamera and it's dependencies in the HEAD
section of your page.
<script src="/jpeg_camera/swfobject.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/jpeg_camera/canvas-to-blob.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/jpeg_camera/jpeg_camera.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
SWFObject and Canvas-to-Blob are stored in separate files so that you don't have to load them again if you already use them in your project. If you want to cut down on HTTP requests then there is a concatenated version you can use.
<script src="/jpeg_camera/jpeg_camera_with_dependencies.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
If you want to use HTML5-only version you can load
jpeg_camera_no_flash.min.js
. There is no "with dependencies" version of this
file, so you have to remember to also load Canvas-to-Blob. You don't need
SWFObject for HTML5.
Ruby on Rails apps
If you use Ruby on Rails version 3.1 (or higher) then you can use a gem and take advantage of the assets pipeline.
gem "jpeg_camera", "~> 1.3.2"
Create a file jpeg_camera.js.coffee.erb
somewhere in the
app/assets/javascripts
tree.
#= require jpeg_camera/swfobject
#= require jpeg_camera/canvas-to-blob
#= require jpeg_camera/jpeg_camera
$ ->
if window.JpegCamera
JpegCamera.DefaultOptions.swf_url =
"<%= asset_path "jpeg_camera/jpeg_camera.swf" %>"
JpegCamera.DefaultOptions.shutter_mp3_url =
"<%= asset_path "jpeg_camera/shutter.mp3" %>"
JpegCamera.DefaultOptions.shutter_ogg_url =
"<%= asset_path "jpeg_camera/shutter.ogg" %>"
JpegCamera.DefaultOptions.csrf_token =
$("meta[name=\"csrf-token\"]").attr("content")
SWFObject and Canvas-to-Blob are stored in separate files so that you don't have to load them again if you already use them in your project. The assets pipeline will take care of minifying and concatenating everything into one script.
If you want to use HTML5-only version then change the jpeg_camera
require
directive into this one:
#= require jpeg_camera/jpeg_camera_no_flash
Usage
var camera = new JpegCamera("#camera");
var snapshot = camera.capture();
snapshot.show(); // Display the snapshot
snapshot.upload({api_url: "/upload_image"}).done(function(response) {
response_container.innerHTML = response;
this.discard(); // discard snapshot and show video stream again
}).fail(function(status_code, error_message, response) {
alert("Upload failed with status " + status_code);
});
A detailed documentation using in-code comments is maintained for JpegCamera and Snapshot classes.
User privacy
Respect your users privacy. Make sure they understand why you want to capture their webcam image and what you're going to do with it. A useful information is whether you're only going to use the image on the client side or if you're going to upload it to some server.
To protect their identity and their data host your app on HTTPS servers.
JpegCamera does not enforce this, but some browsers promise to do so in the
future. Google Chrome already forbids HTTP websites from accessing camera
through getUserMedia
in their Canary release channel.
Read more.
Caveats
To use Flash fallback your camera container must be at least 215 pixels wide and 138 pixels tall. This is the minimum to display privacy settings dialog.
With Flash in some browsers it's impossible to read response body for requests that finish with status codes from outside the 2XX range (like 404 Not Found or 422 Unprocessable Entity). If you're using version of JpegCamera with Flash fallback your application should not rely on reading body of these responses. The status code number is always available.
Current stable versions of Firefox and Opera support getUserMedia, but do not support Web Audio API. I have decided against loading a Flash object in these browsers so JpegCamera will be silent.
Contributing
The source code is available on Github. Please send pull requests on topic branches.
To build dist files from source you need npm
— Node Package Manager.
npm install # install required dependencies
npm install -g grunt-cli # install grunt command
grunt dist # build js & swf files
grunt js # only builds js files
grunt swf # only builds swf file
grunt doc # update documentation
grunt # build dist files and update documentation
To build swf file you need to have mxmlc
available in your $PATH
. It comes
in the Flex SDK.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Joseph Huckaby for creating and Matt Clements for maintaining Flash-based JpegCam library which I have been using until HTML5 became a viable solution. If you're interested here's Matt's repo and here's mine. Thanks to everyone else contributing to that project.
Copyright Adam Wróbel, released under the MIT License.


iaP (On-line Media Provenance) — Documentation
Summary
The aim of the project is to create a platform able to model, query, visualize and recommend media resources (newspapers, podcasts, streams presentations, images, etc.) by making assessments about the quality, reliability and trustworthiness of the provenance meta-data.
Metadata is used to represent properties of objects. Many of those properties have to do with provenance, so the two are often equated. Provenance refers to records that describe entities and processes involved in producing and delivering or otherwise influencing that resource.
This provenance information is crucial to making assertions about whether information is trusted and how to give credit to originators when reusing information. Provenance assertions are a form of contextual metadata and can themselves become important records with their own provenance.
Introduction
Compared to traditional ways of accessing data of interest, such as RSS aggregators, that provide to the user all the content of the sources they have subscribed to our application aims to offer a more powerful way to review content of interest:
- podcasts or fresh editorials concerning a specific topic (with specific categories)
- querying articles based on their meta data and provenance meta-data:
- articles that contain images
- articles written in English or Romanian
- images posted by Romanian photographers or taken in Romania
Mockups
Architecture
The big and great data bus.
The whole media retriever module is architecured around microservices. Similar to the way Unix pipes work we have processes\services that extract the data from different online services like imgur, new york times or soundcloud, then publish it to the BUS unsing a standard format for the assets. The bus then finds the first free slave and passes the data to him for post processing.
Based on this design the number of providers can be increased without great difficulty because the only of a media retriever is to fetch and retrieve the data from a specific provider and converted to the standard format that the bus and slaves know.
The bus exports REST api for communicating with retrievers and slaves. Data from the retrievers is sent to the BUS via a POST request; next the bus cheduels the item and then sends it to the first availible slave.
If needed the bus can spawn as many slaves are they are neeeded in order to saturate the bus.
Based on the data, the salves can do post processing like:
- normalizing popularity
- calculating relevance score for each item
- normalizing catrgories using algorithms like Word2Vec or Glove because every provider uses it's own category names that are similar to others (other providers). For instance: a provider offers a category named hip-hop and another one named rap theese categories will be merged togeather by the slave to increase the search space
The slaves are also in charge of populating the SPARQL database and publishing new categories to the RDBMS. When an user registers into the application then he will be presented a list of categories extracted from the RDBMS.
The WebApp offers the public API that will be used by the users (both human and machines). Also, it contains the reccomender system module that will rank the articles for the logged users based on their preferences.
Database Scheme
We will need to keep in a database user’s information and name of categories. For each user we will need to save its favorite categories.
Recommander system
For the recommender system, the score for a document is calculated based on:
- the published date of the document;
- cardinal of the intersection of the document’s categories and the user’s query;
- the author’s relevance\trustworthiness (provenance metadata).
Instructions
Our application can be used through a web interface or using our API.
In order to use the application using UI you will need to register into our database using the register form. You will be also asked about a couple of categories of articles you would like to see.
After registration you will be able to login using credentials that matches the one in the database. Then you will be able to make queries about specific articles and using different kinds of filters. The content will be returned on the form of a list of articles that contains the title of the article, a small summary, an image, a date of publication and an external url to the website that first published that story.
If you want to use our application as a service for a bigger software or maybe you just want to change the UI, you can use our application through the external api provided.
OpenAPI specifications
Link to external API specifications
Entities discovered required for our applications are Articles, Users and Categories. For each entity you can list all entries or a specific number of them by making a get request to /entity. You can create new entries by making post requests to /entity and providing a proper request body. You can update existing entries by making a put request to /entity/{entityId}. Depending on the error that can appear a proper message with a specific status code will be returned.
In order to filter the types of articles returned by a Get request to /articles you can provide a where clause with a predicate that will be parsed in the background.


Introduction¶
Version <IP_ADDRESS> for version 1.10 of the CF conventions.
The cfdm library implements the data model of the CF (Climate and Forecast) metadata conventions (http://cfconventions.org) and so should be able to represent and manipulate all existing and conceivable CF-compliant datasets.
The CF conventions are designed to promote the creation, processing, and sharing of climate and forecasting data using Network Common Data Form (netCDF) files and libraries (https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf). They cater for data from model simulations as well as from observations, made in situ or by remote sensing platforms, of the planetary surface, ocean, and atmosphere. For a netCDF data variable, they provide a description of the physical meaning of data and of its spatial, temporal, and other dimensional properties. The CF data model is an abstract interpretation of the CF conventions that is independent of the netCDF encoding.
For more details see cfdm: A Python reference implementation of the CF data model in the Journal of Open Source Software: https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02717
Functionality¶
The cfdm library can create field constructs ab initio, or read them from netCDF files, inspect, subspace and modify in memory, and write them to CF-netCDF dataset files. As long as it can interpret the data, cfdm does not enforce CF-compliance, allowing non-compliant datasets to be read, processed, corrected and rewritten.
It does not contain higher-level analysis functions (such as regridding) because the expectation is that other libraries will build on cfdm, inheriting its comprehensive knowledge of the CF conventions, to add more sophisticated methods.
>>> import cfdm
>>> f = cfdm.read('file.nc')
>>> f
[<Field: air_temperature(time(12), latitude(64), longitude(128)) K>]
>>> print(f[0])
Field: air_temperature (ncvar%tas)
----------------------------------
Data : air_temperature(time(12), latitude(64), longitude(128)) K
Cell methods : time(12): mean (interval: 1.0 month)
Dimension coords: time(12) = [0450-11-16 00:00:00, ..., 0451-10-16 12:00:00] noleap
: latitude(64) = [-87.8638, ..., 87.8638] degrees_north
: longitude(128) = [0.0, ..., 357.1875] degrees_east
: height(1) = [2.0] m
The cfdm package can
read field constructs and domain constructs from netCDF and CDL datasets,
create new field and domain constructs in memory,
write field and domain constructs to netCDF datasets on disk,
read, write, and create coordinates defined by geometry cells,
read and write netCDF4 string data-type variables,
read, write, and create netCDF and CDL datasets containing hierarchical groups,
inspect field and domain constructs,
test whether two constructs are the same,
modify field and domain construct metadata and data,
create subspaces of field and domain constructs,
incorporate, and create, metadata stored in external files, and
read, write, and create data that have been compressed by convention (i.e. ragged or gathered arrays, or coordinate arrays compressed by subsampling), whilst presenting a view of the data in its uncompressed form.
Note that the cfdm package enables the representation and creation of CF field constructs, but it is largely up to the user to use them in a CF-compliant way.
A command line tool is provided that allows inspection of datasets outside of a Python environment:
$ cfdump file.nc
Field: air_temperature (ncvar%tas)
----------------------------------
Data : air_temperature(time(12), latitude(64), longitude(128)) K
Cell methods : time(12): mean (interval: 1.0 month)
Dimension coords: time(12) = [0450-11-16 00:00:00, ..., 0451-10-16 12:00:00] noleap
: latitude(64) = [-87.8638, ..., 87.8638] degrees_north
: longitude(128) = [0.0, ..., 357.1875] degrees_east
: height(1) = [2.0] m
Citation¶
If you use cfdm, either as a stand-alone application or to provide a CF data model implementation to another software library, please consider including the reference:
- Hassell, D., and Bartholomew, S. L. (2020). cfdm: A Python reference
implementation of the CF data model. Journal of Open Source Software, 5(54), 2717, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02717
@article{Hassell2020,
doi = {10.21105/joss.02717},
url = {https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02717},
year = {2020},
publisher = {The Open Journal},
volume = {5},
number = {54},
pages = {2717},
author = {David Hassell and Sadie L. Bartholomew},
title = {cfdm: A Python reference implementation of the CF data model},
journal = {Journal of Open Source Software}
}
References¶
- Eaton, B., Gregory, J., Drach, B., Taylor, K., Hankin, S., Caron, J.,
Signell, R., et al. (2020). NetCDF Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions. CF Conventions Committee. Retrieved from https://cfconventions.org/cf-conventions/cf-conventions.html
- Hassell, D., and Bartholomew, S. L. (2020). cfdm: A Python reference
implementation of the CF data model. Journal of Open Source Software, 5(54), 2717, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02717
- Hassell, D., Gregory, J., Blower, J., Lawrence, B. N., and
Taylor, K. E. (2017). A data model of the Climate and Forecast metadata conventions (CF-1.6) with a software implementation (cf-python v2.1), Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4619-4646, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4619-2017
- Rew, R., and Davis, G. (1990). NetCDF: An Interface for Scientific
Data Access. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 10(4), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/38.56302
- Rew, R., Hartnett, E., and Caron, J. (2006). NetCDF-4: Software
Implementing an Enhanced Data Model for the Geosciences. In 22nd International Conference on Interactive Information Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology. AMS. Retrieved from https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/papers/2006-ams.pdf


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{% extends 'base.html'%} {% import 'macros.html' as macro%} {% block styles%} {{ super() }} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Your reliable link to credible news sources


MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE 2 (Paramount) Starring: Tom Cruise, Dougray Scott, Thandie Newton, Ving Rhames, Richard Roxburgh, John Polson, Brendan Gleeson, Rade Sherbedgia. Screenplay: Robert Towne, from a story by Ronald D. Moore and Brannon Braga. Producers: Tom Cruise and Paula Wagner. Director: John Woo. MPAA Rating: PG-13 (violence, adult themes) Running Time: 125 minutes. Reviewed by Scott Renshaw.
If I didn't know any better, I'd swear Tom Cruise was trying to steal a franchise out from under Pierce Brosnan. Take a look at MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE 2 for a moment, and see if the elements don't sound familiar: A government agent on a dangerous mission. A villain with a dastardly plot. A beautiful romantic interest. International locations. Stunts, action sequences and high-tech gadgetry a-plenty. The James Bond series may be healthier than ever after the $125 million success of THE WORLD IS NOT ENOUGH, but that doesn't mean a new kid on the block might not be interested at taking a poke at 007's 35-year stranglehold on espionage-as-big-budget-entertainment. Add a phenomenally talented action director like John Woo to the mix, and maybe its time to ask Q for a little Cruise control on the old Aston-Martin. Right?
Not at all, as it turns out. MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE 2 finds Cruise's Impossible Mission Force agent Ethan Hunt called on to recover a valuable package nabbed by renegade IMF operative Sean Ambrose (Dougray Scott). To help suss out Ambrose's plan, Hunt recruits Nyah Hall (Thandie Newton), a professional thief who also happens to be Ambrose's ex-mistress. They discover that the package contains the antidote to an Ebola-like super-flu virus called Chimera, developed by a nasty pharmaceutical company to build demand for a cure. Re-teamed with computer expert Luther Stickell (Ving Rhames), Hunt has only days before Ambrose threatens the world with the plague of the 21st century.
John Woo's last film was 1997's FACE/OFF, the latest in a long line of films (A BETTER TOMORROW, THE KILLER) that showed the director's gift for mixing outrageous action sequences with strong character content. Don't expect any such complexities from MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE 2. Robert Towne's script tries to provide an anchor in Hunt's relationship with Nyah, but it materializes so instantaneously that it's impossible to give it any weight or consequence. Dougray Scott, meanwhile, is an effectively nasty villain, but I'll be damned if I could figure out the history between him and Hunt that's supposed to give their tete-a-tete more sock. Anthony Hopkins turns up for a couple of uncredited scenes as Hunt's vaguely menacing new superior, then disappears without any further acknowledgement of his vague menace. And Cruise's Hunt is a great big super-heroic enigma, just a guy who shoots and kicks and rides a pretty mean motorcycle. Every time Woo slows things down for a moment of dramatic significance, it's just a longer time to dwell on the fact that there really isn't any dramatic signficance.
And unfortunately, he slows things down for about three-quarters of the film. MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE 2 still could have been a great ride with plenty of that trademark Woo action, and it gets off to a rousing start with a sequence showcasing Hunt doing a little recreational rock-climing. Then the film shudders to a stop, and doesn't hit the gas again for over an hour. Once it does get going again, it doesn't really stop until the closing credits -- there are whiz-bang car chases, two-guns-a-blazing John Woo shooting matches, slow-mo slugfests and bombs going off like the whole movie was timed to the end of the "1812 Overture." It's great stuff, even if some of the devices are a bit too familiar from Woo's other films, but by the time it finally rolls around it's almost too late. An action film with this much exposition better make the exposition worth our while, or the audience will just end up wondering why it was wasting valuable action time.
The original 1996 MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE was nobody's idea of classic cinema, but it did have that undeniably nerve-wracking computer room break-in sequence to go with its high-energy finale. MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE 2 nods to that highlight in yet another break-in sequence, along with a nice gag about Hunt's preferred operational style. I had hoped for more than homage to a mediocre blockbuster from John Woo -- something with its own show-stopping set pieces and a compelling story to boot. But ultimately, there's no financial point to cooking up brilliant storytelling for a franchise, because people will come no matter what the film is "about." That's why Brosnan, MGM and the estate of Ian Fleming can rest easy that there will always be a market for their films, the Tom Cruises of the world be hanged. There's enough furiously paced Woo action in the final forty minutes to keep MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE 2 from crashing and burning; there's just not enough to make it anything special, nor enough depth to the story to fill in the blanks between chases. Anyone who's followed Woo's career knows he's better than this material, but maybe there's only so much even a gifted film-maker can do with a product that's first and foremost about a brand name. The name on the director's chair can only get in the way.
On the Renshaw scale of 0 to 10 impossible dreams: 5.
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Cameron Porteous
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With jQuery, you can chain together actions/methods.
Chaining allows us to run multiple jQuery methods (on the same element) within a single statement.
Until now we have been writing jQuery statements one at a time (one after the other).
However, there is a technique called chaining, that allows us to run multiple jQuery commands, one after the other, on the same element(s).
Tip: This way, browsers do not have to find the same element(s) more than once.
To chain an action, you simply append the action to the previous action.
The following example chains together the css()
, slideUp()
, and slideDown()
methods. The "p1" element first changes to red, then it slides up, and then it
slides down:
Example
$("#p1").css("color", "red").slideUp(2000).slideDown(2000);
We could also have added more method calls if needed.
Tip: When chaining, the line of code could become quite long. However, jQuery is not very strict on the syntax; you can format it like you want, including line breaks and indentations.
This also works just fine:
Example
$("#p1").css("color", "red")
.slideUp(2000)
.slideDown(2000);
jQuery throws away extra whitespace and executes the lines above as one long line of code.


About Me
Hi! I'm Tony Zhang. I graduated from UCSB (2021) with a degree in Mathematics. Now I am attending full-flex coding bootcamp at Berkeley Extension, hoping to get a job in web-dev by 2022.
Hi! I'm Tony Zhang. I graduated from UCSB (2021) with a degree in Mathematics. Now I am attending full-flex coding bootcamp at Berkeley Extension, hoping to get a job in web-dev by 2022.


org.ephman.abra.database
Class DatabaseCursor
java.lang.Object
org.ephman.abra.database.DatabaseCursor
- All Implemented Interfaces:
- java.io.Serializable
- public class DatabaseCursor
- extends java.lang.Object
- implements java.io.Serializable
- See Also:
- Serialized Form
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
theFactory
GenericFactoryBase theFactory
lastOid
int lastOid
increment
int increment
theSearsh
public QueryFilter theSearsh
searchResults
int[] searchResults
hitCount
int hitCount
originalSort
public SortCriteria originalSort
DatabaseCursor
public DatabaseCursor(GenericFactoryBase theFactory,
java.util.Vector hits,
QueryFilter searsh,
SortCriteria originalSort,
int hitCount,
int increment)
- construct a database cursor which contains a Vector of all the items hit
in the last search.
- Parameters:
theFactory
- where further lookups should be directedhits
- a list of oids that corresponds to the hitssearsh
- the query which produced this list (mostly for tracking)increment
- a default increment for the nextObjects method
DatabaseCursor
public DatabaseCursor(GenericFactoryBase theFactory,
java.util.Vector hits,
QueryFilter searsh,
SortCriteria originalSort,
int hit_count)
getOidFromSearchResults
public int getOidFromSearchResults(int i)
- Return the i-th Oid in the result of the cursor. If the index "i" is out of
range, then 0 is returned - which is not a valid oid.
- Parameters:
i
- index of the oid to retrieve
- Returns:
- the i-th oid, or 0 if the index is out of range
getHitCount
public int getHitCount()
refreshSearch
public void refreshSearch(DatabaseSession dbSess)
throws java.sql.SQLException
- a routine to refresh the cursor (in case of stale data)
- Parameters:
dbSess
- a session to use..
- Throws:
java.sql.SQLException
getObjects
public java.util.Vector getObjects(DatabaseSession dbSess,
int start,
int count)
throws java.sql.SQLException
- a routine to get a sub-set of objects from the last query
- Parameters:
dbSess
- the database Sessionstart
- the initial index (the Java way 0 - (size-1))count
- the maximum number of items to be retrieved (less if not that many available)
- Returns:
- Vector of the objects returned from the Factory..
- Throws:
java.sql.SQLException
- if an error occurs while talking to the database
getNextObjects
public java.util.Vector getNextObjects(DatabaseSession dbSess)
throws java.sql.SQLException
- Throws:
java.sql.SQLException
getNextObjects
public java.util.Vector getNextObjects(DatabaseSession dbSess,
SortCriteria sc)
throws java.sql.SQLException
- Throws:
java.sql.SQLException


Privilege
This is basically a follow up from the last post. An Iowan student newspaper published an article about privilege
The article is all kinds of stupid, peaking at the “cognitive privilege”, but at its core, it still fits at what I explained earlier, so why not take it apart?
The relevant notion of privilege I define as the receipt of certain benefits wholly through accident of birth.
Which is interesting in this case, since the author, Williams, is also talking about white privilege there. He may want to say being white is nothing but advantegeous, but this is the line of thinking that leads to racism. Color does not grant you anything others couldn’t achieve the same way. I’m aware the US is still more racist than most other countries on this side of the Atlantic, but it’s not so extreme, that it will stop your career in the tracks. Blacks, too, can go to school, as bad as it is, graduate, go to college, pay high fees, and eventually hit off well. They can also fail in the process or luck out with a good idea. None of this has much to do with skin color though.
There are many kinds of privilege besides white privilege: cognitive privilege, for example. We now know that intelligence is not something we have significant control over but is something we are born with. We are living in a society in which success is increasingly linked to one’s intelligence. This is not to say that intelligence is the only factor that is important.
Of course intelligence is a deciding factor for success and parts of it are linked to birth, yes. John Stuart Mill would’ve never started off as the genius child he is, if his father didn’t have a huge library he could basically devour in his early years. It fostered his already existent potential.
But when doing so, we must also bear in mind the purpose of drawing attention to privileges. The purpose is not to instill a sort of Catholic guilt in someone’s psyche, nor is it an excuse to make oneself feel better by demonizing another. The purpose of pointing out someone’s privilege is to remind them of the infinite number of experiences that are possible and the very large number of experiences that are actual that they know very little about. The purpose is to enlarge their moral consciousness, to make them more sympathetic to people who are less fortunate than they are.
To me some of this privilege babbling sounds more like an excuse for your own failure. “He’s just smarter than me, it’s no wonder he doing better than me.” or “Well, he was born white, naturally he’d end up on top of me.” don’t really increase your self-esteem. We need challenges to overcome ourselves. To go back to Mill, he didn’t become a genius just through by being smart, he actually had to read hundreds, thousands of books to acquire the knowledge he later used. The same goes for Gauß or other mathematicians. They sat down and calculated for hours, days, weeks, months to come to the conclusions that made them famous. Seriously, Gauß didn’t have a calculator, so he had to go through his calculations over and over again for more than half a year, using tens of thousands pieces of paper in the process. That’s the sort of dedication you need for real success. It doesn’t come “naturally” to those who are born “privileged”.
Feelings of guilt are natural when coming to consciousness of one’s place in the scheme of things — and noticing that one has been conferred benefits through sheer accident — but guilt is an impediment to social-justice action, not a motivator (guilt slides easily into resentment). Keeping the general notion of “privilege” in mind allows us to notice that there are different species of privilege. We can debate whether “whiteness” is a sort of “master privilege” that overrules all others.
And lastly, don’t guilt trip people for no reason. I don’t and never will feel guilty over my birth. I’m lucky enough to not be born into poverty or a family of abusive, irresponsible parents, yes. But that shouldn’t be seen as something to feel guilty about. It should rather be seen as the norm and not something to feel negative about.  Even if you raise awareness of those who were lucky, what does it help them? Yeah, they had a pretty simple life, they’re well off, but they can’t change anything about it either.
It certainly doesn’t help that the left’s goals, motivations and reasons are all over the place. While this fellow doesn’t want to demonize whites and intellectuals, others do exactly that. Another group guilt trips whites. Yet they have very similar views, so they mix up in some twisted mindset that contradicts itself. Thinking about it, that’s pretty interesting in itself.


public enum SearchParameter extends java.lang.Enum<SearchParameter> implements FieldEnum, SearchEnum
| Enum Constant and Description |
|---|
COMPANY_NAME
Returns members who have a particular company name on their profile.
|
COUNTRY_CODE
Returns members within a specific country.
|
CURRENT_COMPANY
Valid values are true or false.
|
CURRENT_SCHOOL
Valid values are true or false.
|
CURRENT_TITLE
Valid values are true or false.
|
DISTANCE
Matches members within a distance from a central point.
|
FACET
Facet values to search over.
|
FACETS
Facet buckets to return.
|
FIRST_NAME
Members with a matching first name.
|
HEADQUARTER
Matching companies by the headquarters location.
|
JOB_TITLE
Matches jobs with the same job title.
|
KEYWORDS
Returns members who have keywords anywhere in their profile.
|
LAST_NAME
Members with a matching last name.
|
POSTAL_CODE
Returns members within a specific postal code.
|
SCHOOL_NAME
Members who have a matching school name on their profile.
|
TITLE
Returns members who have a particular title on their profile
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
java.lang.String |
fieldName() |
static SearchParameter |
fromString(java.lang.String symbol) |
boolean |
hasScope(SearchScope scope) |
java.lang.String |
toString()
Method description
|
static SearchParameter |
valueOf(java.lang.String name)
Returns the enum constant of this type with the specified name.
|
static SearchParameter[] |
values()
Returns an array containing the constants of this enum type, in
the order they are declared.
|
public static final SearchParameter KEYWORDS
public static final SearchParameter FIRST_NAME
public static final SearchParameter LAST_NAME
public static final SearchParameter COMPANY_NAME
public static final SearchParameter CURRENT_COMPANY
public static final SearchParameter TITLE
public static final SearchParameter CURRENT_TITLE
public static final SearchParameter SCHOOL_NAME
public static final SearchParameter CURRENT_SCHOOL
public static final SearchParameter COUNTRY_CODE
public static final SearchParameter POSTAL_CODE
public static final SearchParameter DISTANCE
public static final SearchParameter HEADQUARTER
public static final SearchParameter JOB_TITLE
public static final SearchParameter FACET
public static final SearchParameter FACETS
public static SearchParameter[] values()
for (SearchParameter c : SearchParameter.values()) System.out.println(c);
public static SearchParameter valueOf(java.lang.String name)
name
- the name of the enum constant to be returned.java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if this enum type has no constant
with the specified namejava.lang.NullPointerException
- if the argument is nullpublic java.lang.String fieldName()
public java.lang.String toString()
toString
in class java.lang.Enum<SearchParameter>
public boolean hasScope(SearchScope scope)
hasScope
in interface SearchEnum
public static SearchParameter fromString(java.lang.String symbol)


File
creation in one of the following constructors when only String
path can be used: FileInputStream
, FileOutputStream
,
FileReader
, FileWriter
, PrintStream
, PrintWriter
, Formatter
.
Example:
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("in.txt"));
After quick-fix is applied:
InputStream is = new FileInputStream("in.txt");
New in 2020.3


Take turns typing letters. Complete words to score points.
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{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load compressed %} {% block extralib %} {% endblock %} {% block extracss %} {% compressed_css 'cir_forum' %} {% endblock %} {% block header %} {% include 'header/forum_header.html' %} {% endblock %} {% block body %}
The proposal is for the State College Borough government to implement an annual automatic inflation-based property tax increase. The Borough expects its annual costs of operation to increase by at least the rate of inflation, just as every consumer and business experience price increases. The index used to compute the annual property tax increase would be based on the Municipal Cost Index (MCI), a measure of the increase in the cost of goods and services typically procured by municipalities.
The State College Borough is challenged to raise sufficient tax revenue to adequately fund the services and infrastructure that are a key to the high quality of life that its citizens enjoy. The Borough’s sources of tax revenue are decreasing at the same time that its expenses are increasing, forcing the Borough to operate at a budget deficit.
The real estate tax is the primary and most reliable source of Borough revenue; however, the income generated by this tax is static unless the Borough can grow its assessed-property tax base. The Borough is landlocked by the surrounding townships, and there is very little vacant land in the Borough that can be developed. The generation of more property taxes through higher tax rates is one of the Borough’s few options to increase revenue.
A critical component of the Borough’s quality of life is public safety and security, which depends on the adequate support of police services. Demands for increased policing and safety ordinances are due to factors such as the growth in the number of Penn State students, new high density housing, and expanded regional tourism. Public safety and security are already being impacted. Funding shortfalls have forced the Borough to cut police officers and to leave staff positions for ordinance enforcement unfilled.
The Borough’s infrastructure requires constant maintenance and modernization as it ages. For example, the Borough has old water and sewer systems that need to be kept in working order. Streets and trees also require maintenance.
Personnel costs are a major element of the Borough’s budget; nearly 80% of the Borough’s costs are due to salaries and benefits. Although salaries have stayed relatively constant for the past ten years, the cost of the Borough’s contributions to employees’ health insurance has increased an average of nearly 10% per year. The Borough’s pension contributions also have increased dramatically. This rate of increase of the Borough’s employees’ benefits is not sustainable without commensurate increases in the Borough’s budget.
Demographic trends suggest that more families and affluent residents of the Centre Region are choosing to live outside the Borough and are being replaced by a greater proportion of students. This means that the Earned Income Tax, already a small portion of the Borough’s revenue remains constant or is decreasing. Income from real estate transfer taxes, already an unreliable source of revenue, is also negatively affected.
Property taxes are based on real estate assessments. Centre County has not updated real estate assessments since 1995. Assessments do not change when properties are bought or sold. The assessments for new developments are rolled back to 1995 values.
Authority to levy additional taxes and fees can only be granted by the state legislature. Lobbying the Commonwealth should continue, but prospects for success are unknown. Past efforts to seek such authority have been unsuccessful.
The intended consequence would be a more predictable funding stream to support services that Borough residents value such as police protection, utility maintenance, and other contributors to quality of life. An unintended consequence would be a lessening of pressure on the Borough Council to budget prudently. Another unintended consequence might be an increase in the number of people who think that the cost of living in the Borough is too high.
Increased revenue would permit the Borough to fill positions currently unfunded (e.g., police) and provide funding for other needed projects, such as deferred maintenance. Without regular growth in revenue, the Borough would need to reduce the quantity and/or quality of the services it provides to the residents.
Deferred maintenance, unless it is regularly and systematically managed with sufficient funding, will only become more expensive in the future.
Smooth or consistent increases in property taxes would benefit taxpayers, both individuals and businesses, who would know what to expect, as compared to occasional large property tax increases. Recently, property tax levels have been increased, but in an inconsistent and reactive way. In 2014, property tax rates were increased 30%, and in 2015, the property tax rates were increased 14%.
Continuation of the high quality of the Borough’s services requires effective planning and management. To do this, the Borough needs to have predictable future revenue streams. In addition, an inability to appropriately raise employees’ salaries could lead to increasing problems in attracting and retaining quality personnel to provide planning, oversight, and support services.
Natural revenue growth does not occur in the Borough because there is a lack of property that can be developed. Since assessment values remain stagnant unless new development or expansion occurs the only way to increase the aggregate Real Estate Tax revenue is by increasing the tax rate.
Concern has been expressed that fixed-income residents cannot afford property tax increases. However, fixed income does not necessarily mean low income. Many retirees have substantial incomes.
Adopting the proposal would not stop Borough efforts to lobby the State for authorization to apply new fees or taxes or to seek more up-to-date property assessments in the county.
Continuous property tax increases make the borough less attractive to homeowners and businesses. If we are trying to increase homeownership and an attractive business climate, continuous property tax increases are counterproductive.
It is difficult to implement a property tax increase in a fair and equitable way. Homeowners and commercial property owners must pay property taxes themselves.
However, many landlords are able to pass along property tax increases to their tenants.
There is the potential of losing long-term residents whose fixed incomes cannot support such increases.
Some citizens will protest automatic tax increases and advocate for annual review of expenses and needs prior to determining if, and by how much, taxes should be increased.


All Files ( 71.21% covered at 1.44 hits/line )
10 files in total.
66 relevant lines,
47 lines covered and
19 lines missed.
(
71.21%
)
| File | % covered | Lines | Relevant Lines | Lines covered | Lines missed | Avg. Hits / Line |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| app/channels/application_cable/channel.rb | 0.00 % | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0.00 |
| app/channels/application_cable/connection.rb | 0.00 % | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0.00 |
| app/controllers/application_controller.rb | 100.00 % | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1.00 |
| app/controllers/users_controller.rb | 86.11 % | 108 | 36 | 31 | 5 | 1.92 |
| app/helpers/application_helper.rb | 100.00 % | 9 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1.80 |
| app/jobs/application_job.rb | 0.00 % | 7 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.00 |
| app/mailers/application_mailer.rb | 0.00 % | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0.00 |
| app/models/application_record.rb | 100.00 % | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1.00 |
| app/models/managers.rb | 100.00 % | 7 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1.33 |
| app/models/user.rb | 100.00 % | 9 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 2.00 |
Controllers ( 86.49% covered at 1.89 hits/line )
2 files in total.
37 relevant lines,
32 lines covered and
5 lines missed.
(
86.49%
)
| File | % covered | Lines | Relevant Lines | Lines covered | Lines missed | Avg. Hits / Line |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| app/controllers/application_controller.rb | 100.00 % | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1.00 |
| app/controllers/users_controller.rb | 86.11 % | 108 | 36 | 31 | 5 | 1.92 |
Channels ( 0.0% covered at 0.0 hits/line )
2 files in total.
8 relevant lines,
0 lines covered and
8 lines missed.
(
0.0%
)
| File | % covered | Lines | Relevant Lines | Lines covered | Lines missed | Avg. Hits / Line |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| app/channels/application_cable/channel.rb | 0.00 % | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0.00 |
| app/channels/application_cable/connection.rb | 0.00 % | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0.00 |
Models ( 100.0% covered at 1.6 hits/line )
3 files in total.
10 relevant lines,
10 lines covered and
0 lines missed.
(
100.0%
)
| File | % covered | Lines | Relevant Lines | Lines covered | Lines missed | Avg. Hits / Line |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| app/models/application_record.rb | 100.00 % | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1.00 |
| app/models/managers.rb | 100.00 % | 7 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1.33 |
| app/models/user.rb | 100.00 % | 9 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 2.00 |
Mailers ( 0.0% covered at 0.0 hits/line )
1 files in total.
4 relevant lines,
0 lines covered and
4 lines missed.
(
0.0%
)
| File | % covered | Lines | Relevant Lines | Lines covered | Lines missed | Avg. Hits / Line |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| app/mailers/application_mailer.rb | 0.00 % | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0.00 |
Helpers ( 100.0% covered at 1.8 hits/line )
1 files in total.
5 relevant lines,
5 lines covered and
0 lines missed.
(
100.0%
)
| File | % covered | Lines | Relevant Lines | Lines covered | Lines missed | Avg. Hits / Line |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| app/helpers/application_helper.rb | 100.00 % | 9 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1.80 |
Jobs ( 0.0% covered at 0.0 hits/line )
1 files in total.
2 relevant lines,
0 lines covered and
2 lines missed.
(
0.0%
)
| File | % covered | Lines | Relevant Lines | Lines covered | Lines missed | Avg. Hits / Line |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| app/jobs/application_job.rb | 0.00 % | 7 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.00 |


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Yes: Climbing on an artificial rock wall is a kind of rock climbing sport.
No: This is hiking in a rocky area.
Yes: A typical scene. The woman is grabbing at the rock and climbing with a safety rope.


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Register offsets | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_CTRL 0x00 |
| Control register. | |
| #define | EBI_SDRAMCTRLA 0x01 |
| SDRAM control register A. | |
| #define | EBI_SDRAMCTRLB 0x08 |
| SDRAM control register B. | |
| #define | EBI_SDRAMCTRLC 0x09 |
| SDRAM control register C. | |
| #define | EBI_REFRESHL 0x04 |
| SDRAM refresh period low byte. | |
| #define | EBI_REFRESHH 0x05 |
| SDRAM refresh period high byte. | |
| #define | EBI_INITDLYL 0x06 |
| SDRAM init. delay low byte. | |
| #define | EBI_INITDLYH 0x07 |
| SDRAM init. delay high byte. | |
Bitfields in CTRL | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_IFMODE_START 0 |
| EBI mode. | |
| #define | EBI_IFMODE_SIZE 2 |
| EBI mode. | |
| #define | EBI_SRMODE_START 2 |
| SRAM mode. | |
| #define | EBI_SRMODE_SIZE 2 |
| SRAM mode. | |
| #define | EBI_LPCMODE_START 4 |
| SRAM Low Pin-Count mode. | |
| #define | EBI_LPCMODE_SIZE 2 |
| SRAM Low Pin-Count mode. | |
| #define | EBI_SDDATAW_START 6 |
| SDRAM data width setting. | |
| #define | EBI_SDDATAW_SIZE 2 |
| SDRAM data width setting. | |
IFMODE bitfield values | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_IFMODE_DISABLED 0 |
| EBI disabled. | |
| #define | EBI_IFMODE_3PORT 1 |
| EBI enabled w/ 3-port interface. | |
| #define | EBI_IFMODE_4PORT 2 |
| EBI enabled w/ 4-port interface. | |
| #define | EBI_IFMODE_2PORT 3 |
| EBI enabled w/ 2-port interface. | |
SRMODE bitfield values | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_SRMODE_ALE1 0 |
| Address bytes 0 and 1 multiplexed. | |
| #define | EBI_SRMODE_ALE2 1 |
| Address bytes 0 and 2 multiplexed. | |
| #define | EBI_SRMODE_ALE12 2 |
| Address bytes 0, 1 and 2 multiplexed. | |
| #define | EBI_SRMODE_NOALE 3 |
| No address multiplexing. | |
LPCMODE bitfield values | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_LPCMODE_ALE1 0 |
| Data multiplexed with address byte 0. | |
| #define | EBI_LPCMODE_ALE12 2 |
| Data multiplexed with address bytes 0 and 1. | |
SDDATAW bitfield values | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_SDDATAW_4BIT 0 |
| 4-bit data bus | |
| #define | EBI_SDDATAW_8BIT 1 |
| 8-bit data bus | |
Bitfields in SDRAMCTRLA | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_SDCOL_START 0 |
| SDRAM column bits. | |
| #define | EBI_SDCOL_SIZE 2 |
| SDRAM column bits. | |
| #define | EBI_SDROW_BIT 2 |
| SDRAM row bits (11/12 bits). | |
| #define | EBI_SDCAS_BIT 3 |
| SDRAM CAS latency (2/3 cycles). | |
SDCOL bitfield values | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_SDCOL_8BIT 0 |
| 8 column bits | |
| #define | EBI_SDCOL_9BIT 1 |
| 9 column bits | |
| #define | EBI_SDCOL_10BIT 2 |
| 10 column bits | |
| #define | EBI_SDCOL_11BIT 3 |
| 11 column bits | |
Bitfields in SDRAMCTRLB | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_RPDLY_START 0 |
| SDRAM row to precharge delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7). | |
| #define | EBI_RPDLY_SIZE 3 |
| SDRAM row to precharge delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7). | |
| #define | EBI_ROWCYCDLY_START 3 |
| SDRAM row cycle delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7). | |
| #define | EBI_ROWCYCDLY_SIZE 3 |
| SDRAM row cycle delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7). | |
| #define | EBI_MRDLY_START 6 |
| SDRAM mode register delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-3). | |
| #define | EBI_MRDLY_SIZE 2 |
| SDRAM mode register delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-3). | |
Bitfields in SDRAMCTRLC | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_ROWCOLDLY_START 0 |
| SDRAM row to column delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7). | |
| #define | EBI_ROWCOLDLY_SIZE 3 |
| SDRAM row to column delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7). | |
| #define | EBI_ESRDLY_START 3 |
| SDRAM exit self refresh to active delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7). | |
| #define | EBI_ESRDLY_SIZE 3 |
| SDRAM exit self refresh to active delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7). | |
| #define | EBI_WRDLY_START 6 |
| SDRAM write recovery delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-3). | |
| #define | EBI_WRDLY_SIZE 2 |
| SDRAM write recovery delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-3). | |
Bitfields in REFRESH | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_REFRESH_START 0 |
| SDRAM refresh period in number of CLKper2 cycles. | |
| #define | EBI_REFRESH_SIZE 10 |
| SDRAM refresh period in number of CLKper2 cycles. | |
Bitfields in REFRESHL | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_REFRESHL_START 0 |
| SDRAM refresh period in number of CLKper2 cycles (LSB). | |
| #define | EBI_REFRESHL_SIZE 8 |
| SDRAM refresh period in number of CLKper2 cycles (LSB). | |
Bitfields in REFRESHH | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_REFRESHH_START 0 |
| SDRAM refresh period in number of CLKper2 cycles (MSB). | |
| #define | EBI_REFRESHH_SIZE 2 |
| SDRAM refresh period in number of CLKper2 cycles (MSB). | |
Bitfields in INITDLY | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_INITDLY_START 0 |
| SDRAM initialization delay in number of CLKper2 cycles. | |
| #define | EBI_INITDLY_SIZE 14 |
| SDRAM initialization delay in number of CLKper2 cycles. | |
Bitfields in INITDLYL | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_INITDLYL_START 0 |
| SDRAM initialization delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (LSB). | |
| #define | EBI_INITDLYL_SIZE 8 |
| SDRAM initialization delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (LSB). | |
Bitfields in INITDLYH | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_INITDLYH_START 0 |
| SDRAM initialization delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (MSB). | |
| #define | EBI_INITDLYH_SIZE 6 |
| SDRAM initialization delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (MSB). | |
Bit manipulation macros | |
|
| |
| #define | EBI_BIT(name) (1U << EBI_##name##_BIT) |
| Create a mask with bit name set. | |
| #define | EBI_BF(name, value) ((value) << EBI_##name##_START) |
| Create a mask with bitfield name set to value. | |
| #define | EBI_BFMASK(name) (((1U << EBI_##name##_SIZE) - 1) << EBI_##name##_START) |
| Create a mask of the bitfield name. | |
| #define | EBI_BFEXT(name, regval) |
| Extract the value of bitfield name from regval. | |
| #define | EBI_BFINS(name, value, regval) |
| Return regval with bitfield name set to value. | |
Register access macros | |
|
| |
| #define | ebi_read_reg(reg) mmio_read8((void *)((uintptr_t)(EBI_BASE) + EBI_##reg)) |
| Read the value of EBI register reg. | |
| #define | ebi_write_reg(reg, value) mmio_write8((void *)((uintptr_t)(EBI_BASE) + EBI_##reg), (value)) |
| Write value to EBI register reg. | |
| #define | ebi_read_word_reg(reg) mmio_read16((void *)((uintptr_t)(EBI_BASE) + EBI_##reg##L)) |
| Read the value of EBI word-register reg. | |
| #define | ebi_write_word_reg(reg, value) mmio_write16((void *)((uintptr_t)(EBI_BASE) + EBI_##reg##L), (value)) |
| Write value to EBI word-register reg. |
| #define EBI_BF | ( | name, | |||
| value | ) | ((value) << EBI_##name##_START) |
Create a mask with bitfield name set to value.
Definition at line 209 of file xmega_ebi.h.
Referenced by board_disable_sdram(), and board_enable_sdram().
| #define EBI_BFEXT | ( | name, | |||
| regval | ) |
(((regval) >> EBI_##name##_START) \ & ((1U << EBI_##name##_SIZE) - 1))
Extract the value of bitfield name from regval.
Definition at line 215 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_BFINS | ( | name, | |||
| value, | |||||
| regval | ) |
(((regval) & ~(((1U << EBI_##name##_SIZE) - 1) \ << EBI_##name##_START)) \ | EBI_BF(name, value))
Return regval with bitfield name set to value.
Definition at line 219 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_BFMASK | ( | name | ) | (((1U << EBI_##name##_SIZE) - 1) << EBI_##name##_START) |
Create a mask of the bitfield name.
Definition at line 212 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_BIT | ( | name | ) | (1U << EBI_##name##_BIT) |
Create a mask with bit name set.
Definition at line 206 of file xmega_ebi.h.
Referenced by board_enable_sdram().
| #define EBI_CTRL 0x00 |
Control register.
Definition at line 53 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_ESRDLY_SIZE 3 |
SDRAM exit self refresh to active delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7).
Definition at line 148 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_ESRDLY_START 3 |
SDRAM exit self refresh to active delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7).
Definition at line 146 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_IFMODE_2PORT 3 |
EBI enabled w/ 2-port interface.
Definition at line 80 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_IFMODE_3PORT 1 |
EBI enabled w/ 3-port interface.
Definition at line 78 of file xmega_ebi.h.
Referenced by board_enable_sdram().
| #define EBI_IFMODE_4PORT 2 |
EBI enabled w/ 4-port interface.
Definition at line 79 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_IFMODE_DISABLED 0 |
| #define EBI_IFMODE_SIZE 2 |
EBI mode.
Definition at line 66 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_IFMODE_START 0 |
EBI mode.
Definition at line 65 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_INITDLY_SIZE 14 |
SDRAM initialization delay in number of CLKper2 cycles.
Definition at line 184 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_INITDLY_START 0 |
SDRAM initialization delay in number of CLKper2 cycles.
Definition at line 182 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_INITDLYH 0x07 |
SDRAM init. delay high byte.
Definition at line 60 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_INITDLYH_SIZE 6 |
SDRAM initialization delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (MSB).
Definition at line 200 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_INITDLYH_START 0 |
SDRAM initialization delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (MSB).
Definition at line 198 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_INITDLYL 0x06 |
SDRAM init. delay low byte.
Definition at line 59 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_INITDLYL_SIZE 8 |
SDRAM initialization delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (LSB).
Definition at line 192 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_INITDLYL_START 0 |
SDRAM initialization delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (LSB).
Definition at line 190 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_LPCMODE_ALE1 0 |
Data multiplexed with address byte 0.
Definition at line 94 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_LPCMODE_ALE12 2 |
Data multiplexed with address bytes 0 and 1.
Definition at line 96 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_LPCMODE_SIZE 2 |
SRAM Low Pin-Count mode.
Definition at line 70 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_LPCMODE_START 4 |
SRAM Low Pin-Count mode.
Definition at line 69 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_MRDLY_SIZE 2 |
SDRAM mode register delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-3).
Definition at line 136 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_MRDLY_START 6 |
SDRAM mode register delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-3).
Definition at line 134 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define ebi_read_reg | ( | reg | ) | mmio_read8((void *)((uintptr_t)(EBI_BASE) + EBI_##reg)) |
Read the value of EBI register reg.
Definition at line 228 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define ebi_read_word_reg | ( | reg | ) | mmio_read16((void *)((uintptr_t)(EBI_BASE) + EBI_##reg##L)) |
Read the value of EBI word-register reg.
For use with REFRESH and INITDLY.
Definition at line 238 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_REFRESH_SIZE 10 |
SDRAM refresh period in number of CLKper2 cycles.
Definition at line 160 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_REFRESH_START 0 |
SDRAM refresh period in number of CLKper2 cycles.
Definition at line 158 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_REFRESHH 0x05 |
SDRAM refresh period high byte.
Definition at line 58 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_REFRESHH_SIZE 2 |
SDRAM refresh period in number of CLKper2 cycles (MSB).
Definition at line 176 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_REFRESHH_START 0 |
SDRAM refresh period in number of CLKper2 cycles (MSB).
Definition at line 174 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_REFRESHL 0x04 |
SDRAM refresh period low byte.
Definition at line 57 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_REFRESHL_SIZE 8 |
SDRAM refresh period in number of CLKper2 cycles (LSB).
Definition at line 168 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_REFRESHL_START 0 |
SDRAM refresh period in number of CLKper2 cycles (LSB).
Definition at line 166 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_ROWCOLDLY_SIZE 3 |
SDRAM row to column delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7).
Definition at line 144 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_ROWCOLDLY_START 0 |
SDRAM row to column delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7).
Definition at line 142 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_ROWCYCDLY_SIZE 3 |
SDRAM row cycle delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7).
Definition at line 132 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_ROWCYCDLY_START 3 |
SDRAM row cycle delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7).
Definition at line 130 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_RPDLY_SIZE 3 |
SDRAM row to precharge delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7).
Definition at line 128 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_RPDLY_START 0 |
SDRAM row to precharge delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-7).
Definition at line 126 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SDCAS_BIT 3 |
SDRAM CAS latency (2/3 cycles).
Definition at line 111 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SDCOL_10BIT 2 |
| #define EBI_SDCOL_11BIT 3 |
11 column bits
Definition at line 119 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SDCOL_8BIT 0 |
8 column bits
Definition at line 116 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SDCOL_9BIT 1 |
9 column bits
Definition at line 117 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SDCOL_SIZE 2 |
SDRAM column bits.
Definition at line 109 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SDCOL_START 0 |
SDRAM column bits.
Definition at line 108 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SDDATAW_4BIT 0 |
| #define EBI_SDDATAW_8BIT 1 |
8-bit data bus
Definition at line 102 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SDDATAW_SIZE 2 |
SDRAM data width setting.
Definition at line 72 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SDDATAW_START 6 |
SDRAM data width setting.
Definition at line 71 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SDRAMCTRLA 0x01 |
SDRAM control register A.
Definition at line 54 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SDRAMCTRLB 0x08 |
SDRAM control register B.
Definition at line 55 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SDRAMCTRLC 0x09 |
SDRAM control register C.
Definition at line 56 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SDROW_BIT 2 |
SDRAM row bits (11/12 bits).
Definition at line 110 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SRMODE_ALE1 0 |
Address bytes 0 and 1 multiplexed.
Definition at line 85 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SRMODE_ALE12 2 |
Address bytes 0, 1 and 2 multiplexed.
Definition at line 87 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SRMODE_ALE2 1 |
Address bytes 0 and 2 multiplexed.
Definition at line 86 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SRMODE_NOALE 3 |
No address multiplexing.
Definition at line 88 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SRMODE_SIZE 2 |
SRAM mode.
Definition at line 68 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_SRMODE_START 2 |
SRAM mode.
Definition at line 67 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_WRDLY_SIZE 2 |
SDRAM write recovery delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-3).
Definition at line 152 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define EBI_WRDLY_START 6 |
SDRAM write recovery delay in number of CLKper2 cycles (0-3).
Definition at line 150 of file xmega_ebi.h.
| #define ebi_write_reg | ( | reg, | |||
| value | ) | mmio_write8((void *)((uintptr_t)(EBI_BASE) + EBI_##reg), (value)) |
Write value to EBI register reg.
Definition at line 231 of file xmega_ebi.h.
Referenced by board_disable_sdram(), and board_enable_sdram().
| #define ebi_write_word_reg | ( | reg, | |||
| value | ) | mmio_write16((void *)((uintptr_t)(EBI_BASE) + EBI_##reg##L), (value)) |
Write value to EBI word-register reg.
For use with REFRESH and INITDLY.
Definition at line 245 of file xmega_ebi.h.
Referenced by board_enable_sdram().


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| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| ExternalImageApiUrlProvider |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| ApplicationConfigurationSetting | |
| ApplicationConfigurationSetting.Factory |
Constructs new instances of
ApplicationConfigurationSetting . |
| ApplicationConfigurationSettingConstants |
This class holds constants of attributes and associations of the entity
ApplicationConfigurationSetting . |
| ApplicationConfigurationSettingImpl | |
| ClientConfiguration | |
| ClientConfiguration.Factory |
Constructs new instances of
ClientConfiguration . |
| ClientConfigurationConstants |
This class holds constants of attributes and associations of the entity
ClientConfiguration . |
| ClientConfigurationImpl | |
| Configuration | |
| Configuration.Factory |
Constructs new instances of
Configuration . |
| ConfigurationConstants |
This class holds constants of attributes and associations of the entity
Configuration . |
| ConfigurationImpl | |
| ConfluenceConfiguration | |
| ConfluenceConfiguration.Factory |
Constructs new instances of
ConfluenceConfiguration
. |
| ConfluenceConfigurationConstants |
This class holds constants of attributes and associations of the entity
ConfluenceConfiguration . |
| ConfluenceConfigurationImpl | |
| ExternalSystemConfiguration |
This abstract class defines an external system configuration
|
| ExternalSystemConfigurationConstants |
This class holds constants for the entity
ExternalSystemConfiguration attributes and
association. |
| LdapConfiguration |
Describes a Configuration to create an LDAP Authenticator.
|
| LdapConfiguration.Factory |
Constructs new instances of
LdapConfiguration . |
| LdapConfigurationConstants |
This class holds constants of attributes and associations of the entity
LdapConfiguration . |
| LdapConfigurationImpl | |
| LdapGroupSyncConfiguration |
configuration data for synchronizing groups of the defined LDAP
|
| LdapGroupSyncConfiguration.Factory |
Constructs new instances of
LdapGroupSyncConfiguration . |
| LdapGroupSyncConfigurationConstants |
This class holds constants of attributes and associations of the entity
LdapGroupSyncConfiguration . |
| LdapGroupSyncConfigurationImpl | |
| LdapSearchBaseDefinition |
represents an LDAP search base definition
|
| LdapSearchBaseDefinition.Factory |
Constructs new instances of
LdapSearchBaseDefinition . |
| LdapSearchBaseDefinitionConstants |
This class holds constants of attributes and associations of the entity
LdapSearchBaseDefinition . |
| LdapSearchBaseDefinitionImpl | |
| LdapSearchConfiguration | |
| LdapSearchConfiguration.Factory |
Constructs new instances of
LdapSearchConfiguration
. |
| LdapSearchConfigurationConstants |
This class holds constants of attributes and associations of the entity
LdapSearchConfiguration . |
| LdapSearchConfigurationImpl | |
| Setting | |
| Setting.Factory |
Constructs new instances of
Setting . |
| SettingConstants |
This class holds constants of attributes and associations of the entity
Setting . |
Copyright © 2019 Communote team. All rights reserved.


Interactive Containers
By the end of this exercise, you should be able to:
- Launch an interactive shell in a new or existing container
- Run a child process inside a running container
- List containers using more options and filters
Writing to Containers
Create a container using the
microsoft/nanoserver:latest
image, and connect to its powershell shell in interactive mode using the-i
flag (also the-t
flag, to request a TTY connection):PS: node-0 Administrator> docker container run ` -it microsoft/nanoserver:latest powershell
Explore your container's filesystem with
ls
, and then create a new file:PS C:\> ls PS C:\> echo 'hello world' > test.txt PS C:\> ls PS C:\> type .\test.txt
Exit the connection to the container:
PS C:\> exit
Run the same command as above to start a container in the same way:
PS: node-0 Administrator> docker container run ` -it microsoft/nanoserver:latest powershell
Try finding your
test.txt
file inside this new container; it is nowhere to be found. Exit this container for now in the same way you did above.
Reconnecting to Containers
We'd like to recover the information written to our container in the first example, but starting a new container didn't get us there; instead, we need to restart our original container, and reconnect to it. List all your stopped containers:
PS: node-0 Administrator> docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS 6e76d5dfaf6f microsoft/nanoserver:latest "powershell" 44 seconds ago Exited (0) 32 seconds ago bd80127cc68a microsoft/nanoserver:latest "powershell" About a minute ago Exited (0) 52 seconds ago
We can restart a container via the container ID listed in the first column. Use the container ID for the first
microsoft/nanoserver
container you created withpowershell
as its command (see theCREATED
column above to make sure you're choosing the first powershell container you ran):PS: node-0 Administrator> docker container start <container ID> PS: node-0 Administrator> docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS bd80127cc68a microsoft/nanoserver:latest "powershell" 5 minutes ago Up About a minute
Your container status has changed from
Exited
toUp
, viadocker container start
.Now that your container is running again, launch a powershell process as a child process inside the container:
PS: node-0 Administrator> docker container exec -it <container ID> powershell
List the contents of the container's filesystem again with
ls
; yourtest.txt
should be where you left it. Double check that it's content is what you expect:PS C:\> type .\test.txt
Exit the container again by typing
exit
.
Using Container Listing Options
In the last step, we saw how to get the short container ID of all our containers using
docker container ls -a
. Try adding the--no-trunc
flag to see the entire container ID:PS: node-0 Administrator> docker container ls -a --no-trunc
This long ID is the same as the string that is returned after starting a container with
docker container run
.List only the container ID using the
-q
flag:PS: node-0 Administrator> docker container ls -a -q
List the last container to have been created using the
-l
flag:PS: node-0 Administrator> docker container ls -l
Finally, you can also filter results with the
--filter
flag; for example, try filtering by exit code:PS: node-0 Administrator> docker container ls -a --filter "exited=0"
The output of this command will list the containers that have exited successfully.
Clean up with:
PS: node-0 Administrator> docker container rm -f $(docker container ls -aq)
Conclusion
In this demo, you saw that files added to a container's filesystem do not get added to all containers created from the same image; changes to a container's filesystem are local to itself, and exist only in that particular container. You also learned how to restart a stopped Docker container using docker container start
, how to run a command in a running container using docker container exec
, and also saw some more options for listing containers via docker container ls
.