Quiz (Week 4)
Table of Contents
In a break with tradition, this quiz will involve content from both Week 3 and Week 4 lectures, as there was some stuff we missed last time.
1 Minimal Specifications
1.1 Question 1
Here is the fair merge function we wrote in last week's quiz, and a number of QuickCheck properties that specify its correctness.
import Test.QuickCheck import Test.QuickCheck.Modifiers merge :: (Ord a) => [a] -> [a] -> [a] merge (x:xs) (y:ys) | x < y = x:merge xs (y:ys) | otherwise = y:merge (x:xs) ys merge xs [] = xs merge [] ys = ys sorted :: Ord a => [a] -> Bool sorted (x1 : x2 : xs) = (x1 <= x2) && sorted (x2 : xs) sorted _ = True prop_1 :: OrderedList Int -> OrderedList Int -> Property prop_1 (Ordered xs) (Ordered ys) = sorted (merge xs ys) prop_2 :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Bool prop_2 xs ys = length (merge xs ys) == length xs + length ys prop_3 :: OrderedList Int -> OrderedList Int -> Property prop_3 (Ordered xs) (Ordered ys) = merge xs ys == sort (xs ++ ys) prop_4 :: (Int -> Int) -> [Int] -> [Int] -> Bool prop_4 f xs ys = sort (map f (merge xs ys)) == sort (merge (map f xs) (map f ys)) prop_5 :: (Int -> Bool) -> OrderedList Int -> OrderedList Int -> Property prop_5 f (Ordered xs) (Ordered ys) = filter f (merge xs ys) == merge (filter f xs) (filter f ys)
However, running tests for all of these properties takes too long for the impatient programmer. This is because many of these properties are logically redundant. If property A implies property B, then testing for property B is not likely to fail if testing for property A passes.
What subset of these properties imply all of the others? That is,
which of the above properties are sufficient to establish correctness of merge
?
Hint: Think about possible merge
implementations that would fail the above properties.
If you can't write a merge
implementation that fails a given property but passes all of
the others, it's a good indication that the property is redundant.
- ✗
prop_1
,prop_2
, andprop_3
- ✗
prop_1
,prop_2
,prop_3
andprop_4
- ✗Just
prop_3
- ✔
prop_2
,prop_3
, andprop_4
- ✗
prop_1
,prop_2
,prop_3
,prop_4
andprop_5
– there are no redundant properties.
 A function that returns the empty list if the input lists are not sorted could still pass properties 3 and 4 despite not passing property 2. And a function that that replaces all elements with the minimum when the input lists are not sorted could still pass properties 2 and 3 despite not passing 4. Thus the correct answer is option 4.
1.2 Question 2
Here's a standard (inefficient) reverse function for lists, and a collection of QuickCheck properties to specify it.
rev :: [Int] -> [Int] rev (x:xs) = rev xs ++ [x] rev [] = [] prop_1 :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Bool prop_1 xs ys = rev (xs ++ ys) == rev ys ++ rev xs prop_2 :: [Int] -> Bool prop_2 xs = length xs == length (rev xs) prop_3 :: [Int] -> Int -> Bool prop_3 xs x = count x xs == count x (rev xs) where count x xs = length (filter (== x) xs)
Which of the above properties is redundant?
- ✗
prop_1
- ✔
prop_2
- ✗
prop_3
- ✗None of the above.
Property 3 essentially says that the output of reverse is a permutation of its input. Given that, we already know that the lengths will be the same. Thus property 2 is redundant.
2 Data Invariants
We are representing an undirected graph using an adjacency matrix. For example, a graph of four nodes arranged in a rectangle:
0 ----- 1 | | | | 2 ----- 3
Would be represented as the matrix:
type Graph = [[Bool]] m :: Graph m = [[False, True, True, False], [True, False, False, True ], [True, False, False, True ], [False, True, True, False]]
That is, the value (m !! a) !! b
is True
iff the node numbered a
is connected to the node numbered b
.
2.1 Question 3
Select all data invariants that should apply to our Graph
type, assuming g :: Graph
:
- ✔
transpose g == g
- ✗
all or g
- ✔
all (\x -> length x == length g) g
- ✗
map reverse g == g
In order to be an adjacency matrix, the number of rows and columns must be equal, hence property 3 is needed. To represent an undirected graph, the transpose of the matrix must be equal to the original matrix (it is diagonally symmetrical), hence property 1. The second property is meaningless and not true if you have a node disconnected from all others. The fourth property also holds for our example, but not in general (for example if node 1 is not connected to node 3).
2.2 Question 4
We have the following graph operations:
newGraph :: Int -- number of nodes -> Graph newGraph n = replicate n (replicate n False) connected :: Graph -> (Int, Int) -> Bool connected g (x, y) | x < length g && y < length g = (g !! x) !! y | otherwise = False connect :: (Int, Int) -> Graph -> Graph connect (x, y) = modify y (modify x (\_ -> True)) . modify x (modify y (\_ -> True)) where modify :: Int -> (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a] modify 0 f (x:xs) = f x : xs modify n f (x:xs) = x : modify (n - 1) f xs modify n f [] = []
We have defined a wellformedness predicate for our data invariants, called wellformed
.
Select the properties we should assert about our operations1.
- ✔
wellformed (newGraph n)
- ✗
wellformed (connect x y g) ==> wellformed g
- ✗
wellformed (connect x y g)
- ✔
wellformed g ==> wellformed (connect x y g)
The third property does not necessarily apply, if the input graph is not well formed. The second property may apply in this case, but it is not necessary nor sufficient to show our data invariants are preserved.
The other properties states that outputs are wellformed when inputs are wellformed, which is correct.
3 Data Refinement
For our abstract model, it's easier to think of our graph as an edge list, along with the overall number of nodes in the graph.
data Model = M Int [(Int, Int)] newGraphA :: Int -> Model newGraphA n = M n [] connectedA :: Model -> (Int, Int) -> Bool connectedA (M n es) (x,y) = (x,y) `elem` es connectA :: (Int, Int) -> Model -> Model connectA (x, y) (M n es) | x < n && y < n = M n ((x,y):(y,x):es) | otherwise = M n es
3.1 Question 5
What is an appropriate refinement relation to connect our abstract model and our matrix implementation?
- ✗
ref :: Graph -> Model -> Bool ref g (M n es) = length g == n && all (\(x,y) -> (g !! x) !! y) es
- ✗
ref :: Graph -> Model -> Bool ref g (M n es) = all (\(x,y) -> ((x,y) `elem` es) == ((g !! x) !! y)) [(x,y) | x <- [0..n-1], y <- [0..n-1]]
- ✗
ref :: Graph -> Model -> Bool ref g (M n es) = length g == n && any (\(x,y) -> ((x,y) `elem` es) == ((g !! x) !! y)) [(x,y) | x <- [0..n], y <- [0..n]]
- ✔
ref :: Graph -> Model -> Bool ref g (M n es) = length g == n && all (\(x,y) -> ((x,y) `elem` es) == ((g !! x) !! y)) [(x,y) | x <- [0..n-1], y <- [0..n-1]]
The first answer only looks at edges that are in the abstract graph. It would allow edges to be present in the matrix
but not in the abstract graph.
The second answer does not ensure that the number of nodes in the two graphs are the same.
The third answer uses any
rather than all
, and its bounds are off by one.
The fourth answer is correct.
3.2 Question 6
As discussed in lectures, refinement relations aren't that useful for QuickCheck, because it's unlikely to generate two related inputs by chance. Which of the following approaches would remedy this?
- ✗
Use this abstraction function:
toAbstract :: Graph -> Model toAbstract g = let n = length g in M n $ filter (\(x,y) -> (g !! x ) !! y) [(x,y) | x <- [0..n-1], y <- [0..n-1]]
- ✗
Use this abstraction function:
toAbstract :: Graph -> Model toAbstract g = let n = length g in M n $ filter (\(x,y) -> (g !! x ) !! y) [(x,y) | x <- [0..n], y <- [0..n]]
- ✔
Use a refinement function:
toConcrete :: Model -> Graph toConcrete (M n es) = map (\x -> map (\y -> (x,y) `elem` es) [0..n-1]) [0..n-1]
- ✗None of the above.
Using an abstraction function would mean that the resultant graph connectA (x,y) (toAbstract g)
should be equal to toAbstract (connect (x,y) g)
.
This is not the case for either of the provided abstraction functions.
The refinement function is correct.
4 Code Coverage
4.1 Question 7
What are some examples of test code coverage measures?
- ✔Function coverage, statement coverage, branch coverage
- ✗Static coverage, dynamic coverage
- ✗Memory coverage, execution coverage, control-flow coverage
- ✗Condition coverage, program coverage, data coverage
Statement coverage is sometimes called "expression" coverage in a language
like Haskell, which has no statements. Branch coverage is sometimes called
"decision" coverage, and is closely related to "condition" coverage which
checks the results of evaluating conditions in (e.g.) if
expressions
to determine if conditions have evaluated to both True
and False
.
4.2 Question 8
Why is full path coverage generally infeasible?
- ✗Loops may lead to infinite paths
- ✗Full path coverage analysis is undecidable in general
- ✗The number of paths grows at least exponentially with the size of the computation.
- ✗Full path coverage requires simulating the program for every possible input.
- ✔All of the above.
This is not to say that fully checking some properties for some programs is impossible. In general, the field of Model Checking is devoted to solving this kind of intractable problem for restricted models, properties, or both.
Footnotes:
: This is not the same as selecting the properties which are true. Which properties are necessary to maintain our data invariants?


Trump Did Not Agree to Rolling Back Tariffs on China Despite Beijing’s 'Hope' for Levy Relief
The statement comes amid confirmation by officials from both the US and China that the two parties seek to scale back certain tariffs on each other's products as part of an initial trade deal, once it has been signed.
US President Donald Trump told reporters on Friday that he has not agreed to ease the tariff regime on China, but that Beijing "would like him to do so".
Major stock indices have reacted to Trump's statement, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average slumping 45.65 points, while the S&P and the Nasdaq Composite lost 5.72 point and 16.17 respectively.
Glimmer of Hope in Trade Talks
The trade tensions between the United States and China appear to have eased slightly, as the two sides agreed on Thursday to reduce some levies on each other's products. Neither Washington nor China has revealed the extent of the tariff rollback.
The two sides are currently engaged in talks on working out the details of the first part of their interim trade deal that President Trump announced in October.
According to Chinese Commerce Ministry spokesman Gao Feng, negotiators agreed to gradually remove the tariff hikes, provided that the dialogue between the two sides continues. The extent of the levy reduction will depend on the final agreement between the two countries.
The negotiating parties are now also faced with the logistical problem of the venue for the signature of the agreement between President Trump and President Xi. The US president has suggested that the deal should be inked in Iowa.
US-China Trade War
Washington imposed its first round of tariffs on Chinese imports in June 2018, prompting Beijing to respond in kind.
Since then, both countries have levied several rounds of import duties and have engaged in talks to settle their trade-related disagreements.


Before You Begin
This tutorial shows you how to quickly develop a business app by using Oracle Application Business Cloud Service. This tutorial takes approximately 15 minutes to complete.
Background
Oracle Visual Builder Cloud Service is a visual development tool for creating web and mobile apps by simply dragging and dropping user interface (UI) components onto a page.
What Do You Need?
- A desktop or laptop computer running Microsoft Windows 7 or later, Apple MacOS 10.9 or later, or Linux with a web browser
- Access to an instance of Oracle Visual Builder Cloud Service
Log In to Oracle Visual Builder Cloud Service
- Sign in to your Oracle Cloud account and change the temporary password, if you haven't already done so.
- Log in to your Cloud instance.
- Click Dashboard.
- Click Customize Dashboard.
- Select Show for appbuilder and close the dialog box.
- In the Visual Builder tile, click Action and select Open Service Console.
Design the Application UI
- On the Oracle Visual Builder Cloud Service page, click New Web Application.
-
On the
Create Application page, enter
Books Tracker
in the Application Name field and click Next. -
In the
Application Template field, select
Oracle Alta UI,
click Next, and then click Finish. - From the main toolbar, click Home and then click New Page.
-
In the
Create Page wizard, in the
Page Title field, enter
Book Catalog,
click Edit, and then click Next. -
Click
New Business Object, enter
Book_Catalog_BO
in the Business Object Name field, and click Accept . - Click Create to save the changes.
Add a Table Component to the Form
-
On the
Application Designer page, in the
Filter Box field of the components panel, enter
table,
and drag and drop the table component onto the Book Catalog form. - On the Table Creation Wizard page, select Book_Catalog_BO as the business object.
-
On the
Table Creation Wizard page, click
New Field. In the
New Field dialog box, enter
Book Title
and click finish . Repeat these actions to add theAuthor,
ISBN,
andPublished Date
fields. - In the Available list, drag and drop Id to the first position in the Selected list, and click Finish.
- On the Table Designer page, click Actions (the hand icon) to open the list of available actions for the table.
- On the Application Designer page, in the Create Book_Catalog_BO tile, click Edit .
- On the Configure Action page, in the Save Book_Catalog_BO tile, click Remove this item (X) to remove the save action. Click Done.
- On the Application Designer page, click Test Application to run your web app on the Runtime page.
-
On your running
Book Catalog web app page, click
Create, enter the values for the following fields, and then click
Save and Close:
-
Book Title:
Oracle ABCS For Beginners
-
Author:
Oracle Press
-
ISBN:
123-456-789-0
-
Published Date:
today's date
The row is displayed in the books table on the Book Catalog page of your web app.
-
Book Title:
Complete and Test the App
- On the Runtime page, click Back To Designer.
- On the Application Designer page, click Home.
- Clear Filter, click the picture component in the components panel, and then drag and drop it onto the Home page of your web app.
- In the active window, click select from Image Gallery.
- On the Image Gallery tab, click Application Menu, click the navi_library image, and then click Select.
- In the Select from Image Gallery dialog box, click Create .
- On the Application Designer page, click Actions, and then click Add Action.
- On the Configure Action page, select Navigate to Page in the Suggested panel and drag and drop it onto the THEN DO SOMETHING ELSE section.
-
On the
Configure Action page, select
Book Catalog
from the Page to Open drop-down list, and click Done. -
On the
Application Designer page, click
Test Application
.
Your running app should look like the following image:


Long Term goals and career pathways
I have a 10 year goal to become financially stable and to achieve this i would like to become a confident developer so i can make apps and games for a living, ultimately i will aim to have my own app and game studio with several employees and developing AAA titles and applications.
Human/non-technical skills i want to develop during the Dev Academy
I want a healthy habbits lifestyle with good structure to learn and develop my skill set, maintain a healthy diet, clarity of goals and how to achieve them.
My strngths and limitations
Talking about my strengths and weaknesses is hard so that could be a weakness, but my strengths and weaknesses are
| Strengths | Weaknesses |
|---|---|
| Goal driven | procrastenate |
| Positive outlook | want to be the best now |
| Not affraid to take risks | poor daily habbits/routine |
| open minded |
Based on my strengths and weaknesses what is my plan to work productively and work on weaknesses
In order to work productivly i have set out a schedule to plan days with mini goals and milestone dates, this should help me improve some of my weaknesses and overall improve my strengths. also I have set up a reward system to incentavise goals and milestone completion
Commitment to seeking help in a timely way
have pre arranged times for meetings, taking notes of issues prior to meetings to ensure i can clear up any problems that occur during a normal day and setting alarms and reminders to keep me on schedule.
What i expect
I expect faculty to help me in achieveing my learning goals which will inevitably help me achieve my long term goals.


Use these rules to break records nto top position:
Objective
UNO is the classic card game that’s easy to pick up and impossible to put down! Players take turns matching a card in their hand with the current card shown on top of the deck either by color or number. Special action cards deliver game-changing moments as they help you defeat your opponents. These include Skips, Reverses, Draw Twos, Wild and Draw Four Wild cards.
There are 108 cards in the deck.Each digit is represented in 4 colours.
All digits (except 0) are in double quantity.
Active or Power Cards
Active UNO cards: "Skip", "Take two", "Reverse".
Black active UNO cards: "Wild", "Wild and take four". By 4 cards of each kind.
Active Cards & their powers
"Skip" - the next player misses his turn. The player can "save" from the action of this card only by laying out exactly the same card (the same colour, the same picture), that is, by performing the Intervention.
"Take two" - the next player takes two cards from the deck. The actions of the cards "Take Two" are not summed up,when the player puts another draw two card.
"Reverse card" - the direction of the turn is reversed. For example, it was "clockwise", after laying out the uno reverse card it will be "counter-clockwise". When laying out several cards "Reverse" their actions are summarized. For example, two cards "Reverse" have no effect - the turn continues in the same direction as before, three cards "Reverse" change the direction of the turn to the opposite, etc.
"Wild" - allows you to change the player's current colour (for any, including the current colour). The next player must put any card of the specified colour. In order to lay out the card "Wild" the player does not need any special conditions.
"Wild Draw 4"-allows the player to choose a color and the player 2 has to draw 4 cards from the deck.
Getting to the Goal
The player whose all cards are dropped is the winner.
When the player is left with one card in hand the player should shout UNO.
Hence, matching all the color cards and using active cards effectively makes the player a winner.


ChangeLog for ET_Redux Development
Please contribute your ideas and bugs here: CIRDLES
v. 2.7.50 1 October 2012
Release notes are located here.
v. 2.56.84 19 August 2010
-
New menu for creating ID-TIMS samples: use menu ''U-Pb Sample File / New Sample Analysis for ID-TIMS''.
All ID-TIMS Analysis samples now managed with Workflow Manager that supports Live Workflow for Tripoli 4.6+
and complete portability of ".redux" files. Details (refer to actual dialog screen):
-
Introduction:
- A sample in ET_Redux is composed of aliquots, or physical pieces of the sample
(e.g. a zircon separate), which in turn are composed of fractions, or individual U/Pb analyses.
For more information about each, see their entries here, or ET_Redux Help.
-
To create a new aliquot, type its name in the Aliquot Name dialog box, increment the counter
below to the number of fractions it contains (you can add more at any time), and then select
''Add Name''. Add any number of aliquots in this way, and order them in the data table with the arrows to the left.
After entering the requisite information for each fraction, press ''SaveAs Sample With Data Structure''.
Navigate to the desired location, then create a new folder for your sample before saving the .redux file inside.
ET_Redux will create a sub-folder for each aliquot, populated with empty data files for each Pb and U measurement.
-
Samples:
- A sample is a single collection of a geologic material from one location. This name is shared by each
of the sample's fractions, or U/Pb analyses. You don’t have to give the .redux file or the folder that
contains it the exact same name as the sample. However, when you export an analysis from Tripoli for ET_Redux,
you must provide the sample name correctly, or ET_Redux won’t recognize it. A sample name may not contain
spaces --- use hyphens or underscores instead.
-
To upload your sample to the GeoChron database, you may request an IGSN, or International Geologic Sample Number,
through SESAR ( www.geosamples.org ). ET_Redux will guide you through this process when you publish from the Aliquot page.
-
Aliquots:
- Aliquots are physical pieces of a sample whose dates you wish to interpret separately. For instance,
zircon and titanite mineral separates could be two aliquots. Pieces of a sample sent to two different labs,
or whose mineral separation was performed with two different techniques, would also be two aliquots.
-
New aliquots may be added at any time to an existing sample. In this window, type a new name (over an existing name)
in the Aliquot Name dialog box, increment the counter below to number of fractions it contains (you can add more
fractions at any time), and then select ''Add Name''.
-
Fractions:
-
A fraction is a paired U+Pb analysis. For instance, a zircon analyzed by TIMS or a spot zapped by LA-ICPMS
would be separate fractions, even if both analyzed the same grain.
-
To add fractions to this sample, choose an aliquot at left, increment the ''insert fractions'' counter
to the desired number of fractions, then click ''Add Fractions''. Fractions may be removed by clicking
the red X on the left side of its row in the table. If you have already made U/Pb measurements and
exported them from Tripoli (as .xml files), you can import them from this window. Click the ''Import Fraction Files''
button, then navigate to and select the analyses you want to import.
You can hold control or shift to select multiple .xml files. If these are the first fractions created for
this sample, your sample will automatically be given the name from the imported file.
-
Live Workflow:
-
The Live Workflow mode establishes a direct link between Tripoli and ET_Redux. Clicking the ''START Live Workflow''
button at the bottom of ET_Redux’s main screen immediately imports data from Tripoli and prompts ET_Redux to
update its calculations.
-
To enable Live Workflow, you must create a folder called ''SampleMetaData'' and then click the ''Set SampleMetaData Folder'' button.
-
Tripoli must also be told the location of this SampleMetaData folder. In Tripoli, point to this SampleMetaData
folder with the ''Set Live Workflow Data Folder'' item from the Control Panel menu.
-
Manual Update:
-
Redux can also read in new data files or refresh data from overwritten data files, as long as they are organized
into aliquot sub-folders in your sample's folder. After saving or changing xml files, press the ''Update Data''
button at the bottom of the Redux main window.
-
While you can import new fractions this way, you must create new
aliquots from this window, using the interface at left.
-
Oxide correction can now be performed on the corrections tab of an individual fraction. You are also able to reverse the
correction (if any) applied by Tripoli.
-
Fraction Notes: the ''N'' button beside each fraction name (main screen, top) allows the analyst to keep notes on each fraction.
The notes can be viewed together on the ''Fraction Notes'' tab of the aliquot editor.
-
Report table shows an entry of '-' when no value exists. Report table now supports dates in Ma, Ka, and auto-detect modes.
-
Report Settings Models can be saved and imported to customize your experience.
-
Publication of aliquots: ET_Redux supports the publication of aliquots in a standard '.xml' format to a local drive or
to the Geochron database. See the aliquot window accessed by clicking on the gray aliquot button on the left of the fractions
listed on the top of the main ET_Redux window.
-
Compilation of aliquots: ET_Redux supports the compilation of aliquots from many sources into a ''Super-Sample'' that
can be explored using the sample date features including Concordia and weighted means across the compiled sample.  Steps:
-
Choose menu ''U-Pb Sample File / New Compilation of Aliquots into a ''"Super-Sample'' File.''
-
Choose either the ''Single Local Aliquot'' or the ''Import one or more Aliquots from Geochron database'' option.
ET_Redux does not yet support importing from a local folder option.
However, you can import multiple local aliquots one-at-a-time by using the menu ''U-Pb Sample File / Manage Sample Model.''
-
Once you have compiled two or more aliquots, you can use the Sample tab on the sample dates window
to explore Concordia and weighted means.
-
LA-ICP MS legacy data can now be imported in bulk using .csv files, in a manner similar to that for ID-TIMS data.
Please note that development continues to incorporate LA-ICP MS - centered interpretative tools into ET_Redux.
Instructions to generate CSV data format for LA-ICP MS:
-
Click menu Tools / Open CSV File of LA-ICP MS Legacy Data Sample Field Names .
-
Your default program for opening CSV files (Often Excel) will open a file called
LegacySampleFieldNamesTemplate.csv, ready for you to populate the columns
with the appropriate data.
Once you have populated and saved the CSV file, you can import it into ET_Redux.
Follow these steps:
-
Click menu U-Pb Sample File / New Sample File from Legacy Analysis / LA-ICP MS Legacy Analysis .
-
Click Bulk Mode from CSV File radio button on manager window that pops up.
Edit the sample and aliquot names to fit your data and click OK.
-
Navigate to your CSV file using the file finder window and click Open.
-
Save your sample (.redux) file in the folder of your choice and click Save.
Your reduced data appears in the data table in the bottom half of ET_Redux.
To view / edit your data, click on one of the grey Aliquot buttons in the top
frame of ET_Redux. Note that the table at top displays blanks for any
missing ratio data.
Release of v. 2.53.00 November 03 2009 (text updated 3 May 2010)
-
Added this changelog and a link to open it under the Help menu.
-
Changed icon to new icon designed by Noah McLean of MIT (the mad scientist behind the scenes!)
-
Added uncertainty calculations for isotopic ratios corrected by
Th, Pa and ThPa.
-
Added associated (rho) correlation coefficients for isotopic ratios
corrected by Th, Pa and ThPa.
-
Updated Report Settings module that drives the data tables:
-
Added Th, Pa and ThPa corrected isotopic ratios.
-
Added Pb* = total radiogenic Pb in picograms.
-
Added Correlation Coefficient to Isotopic Ratios category,
so it now appears there and in Dates category.
Defined as rhoR206_238r__r207_235r.
-
Corrected the significant digit mode of display so that it is
always driven by the significant digits of the absolute 1-sigma
uncertainty, even when uncertainty is displayed as a percentage.
-
Added functionality at fraction window reports tab: Clicking
buttons for reports will automatically open the report in a
text editor.
-
Repaired links to SESAR, which now has a domain: geosamples.org.
-
Added persistance to usernames and passwords for Aliquot details publish tab.
-
Added bulk import of legacy ID-TIMS data. Drew Coleman suggested this feature in May 2009.
To keep the architecture as open
as possible, ET_Redux will import CSV (comma separated values) files. These
CSV files are easily opened and exported by all versions of Excel, Google Spreadsheets,
OpenOffice.org, etc. To begin, ET_Redux automatically writes
and opens a CSV file with the appropriate column headings NOTE: the
headings are for your information only and are not parsed (so you can change them)
-- the only requirement is that the order of the data fields remain the same.
These are: Fraction, 206/238, 2-sig%, 207/235, 2-sig%, 207/206, 2-sig%, rho 6/38-7/35,
206/204, 208/206, Pb*/Pbc, Pb* pg, Pbc pg, conc U, conc Pb, Th/U samp, frac mass, age206/238,
2-sig, age207/235, 2-sig, age207/206, 2-sig, age206/238xTh, 2-sig, age207/235xPa, 2-sig,
age207/206xTh, 2-sig, 207/206xPa, 2-sig
Instructions to generate CSV data format:
-
Click menu Tools / Open CSV File of ID-TIMS Legacy Data Sample Field Names .
-
Your default program for opening CSV files (Often Excel) will open a file called
LegacySampleFieldNamesTemplate.csv, ready for you to populate the columns
with the appropriate data.
Once you have populated and saved the CSV file, you can import it into ET_Redux.
Follow these steps:
-
Click menu U-Pb Sample File / New Sample File from Legacy Analysis / ID-TIMS Legacy Analysis .
-
Click Bulk Mode from CSV File radio button on manager window that pops up.
Edit the sample and aliquot names to fit your data and click OK.
-
Navigate to your CSV file using the file finder window and click Open.
-
Save your sample (.redux) file in the folder of your choice and click Save.
Your reduced data appears in the data table in the bottom half of ET_Redux.
To view / edit your data, click on one of the grey Aliquot buttons in the top
frame of ET_Redux. Note that the table at top displays blanks for any
missing ratio data.
-
Updated Aliquot tab to show Estimated Date (was age) as ''###0.0''.
-
Improved the U-Pb Sample File menu so that up to 10 files show in menu item Recent Sample Files ....
-
Added persistent state for the folder containing the current Sample file (.redux) so that menu item
U-Pb Sample File / Open Sample File will access this folder automatically.
-
Changed Fraction ratio data table (upper half of ET_Redux main view) to use
a check box to toggle the selection of fractions used in the analysis. Previously,
the user clicked on fraction rows to do the same thing, but it was generally regarded as clunky.
-
Changed WeightMeansChooser window in sample date interpretations to size itself
to contain all the aliquots.
-
Refined button architecture at bottom of main window.
-
Report Table (bottom window main ET_Redux window)
-
Corrected tabulated data table (bottom of ET_Redux main window) response to scroll-wheels:
eliminated ''crawling''.
-
Revised report table to use three rows of column headings.
-
Added new category of Correlation Coefficients to Report Settings.
-
Refined column headings and footnotes.
-
Repaired Excel reports built from Report Settings.
-
Made report table sensitive to whether all included fractions have the same value for
initial fraction activity ratio [231Pa]/[235U] and for Th/U[magma]. If not, then the
cooresponding column appears in the Composition category listing the values by fraction
and the corresponding footnote is modified to alert the reader.
If the values are all the same, the column disappears and the standard footnote appears.
-
Added units choosers for mass and concentrations. For dates, the units are
automatically ''Ma'' if any included fraction's 206/238 date > 1,000,000.
-
Set default report settings that you can modify and save through the reports menu item.
-
REMINDER: Using the report settings menu, you can customize the report layout and number formatting.
-
Added a customizable second Fraction name column.
-
Added funding info to About box.
End of document. Document started 20 September 2009.


Professional
Barton Trial Attorneys
Custom Laravel 4 backend and blog with a responsive frontend. On scroll animations for enhanced engagement. Built with Chassis.
Flirt by Maggie Soterro
My first Laravel 4 site. Complex responsive frontend. Product content provided by third party API that was cached locally, images provided by CDN.
Riddell
Large scale Magento Ecommerce with custom wordpress component. Marketing pages done with parallax effects for added engagement.
Earth Science Naturals
Ecommerce frontend built on TechXpress' proprietary 'Dashboard' platform. Templating done with Smarty.
Personal
Chassis
Laravel 4 starter application, with authentication, page management, settings, and a simple blog. UI built with Semantic UI, and customized with SASS. Gulp asset compilation including SASS compilation, CSS minification, JS concatenation / minification, and image minification.


New participants are welcome at any time! As long as the course has opened, you can begin once you enroll.
Start with “Course.” Click to open a section. Click on the “Day” or “Section.” Click across icons on the “Ribbon” to go through the material. Complete the work on each page. You can adjust video play speed in the video player. You can also turn the captions on and off, and download the transcripts and videos.
The course was tested on recent versions of Chrome, Firefox, and Internet Explorer. We’ve found some bugs in assessments that occur on Safari, and do not recommend using it. While it is possible to access the course on tablets and other mobile devices, some parts of the course do not function correctly, and it is recommended that you take the course on a laptop or desktop to have full functionality.
Audit learners will lose access to the course materials the number of weeks given as the course length. This time is counted from when you enroll or from when the course begins, whichever is later.
Verified learners will have access to most of the course materials, even after the course closes. However, in some cases, content made available with external tools, or content you submit to external tools may not be available more than thirty days after the course ends. Where our agreements and the technology allow, we will make downloads of your content available. If there are specific items like links you’ve posted or code you’ve submitted that you wish to retain, we recommend you copy and paste to a file you save within the availability window. Please save any important work, especially essays and projects, before the course closes.
Yes, transcripts of the course will be made available alongside each video. You can also download the transcripts as needed.
No, there is no textbook for this course.
This is a self-paced course. Lessons are a mix of pre-recorded lecture videos, readings, and assessments. Progress at your own pace but try to cover at least one “week” each week. Please finish before the course closes. Learners on the audit track will lose free access after the number of weeks given as the course length.
This course contains graded and ungraded assessments throughout the course to test your understanding of the material and encourage engagement with the course. There are several types of graded assessments; these include multiple choice, which will have one correct answer, checkbox questions, which will have two or more correct answers, image-based analysis questions, and short answers. Ungraded assessments include polls and discussion boards, as well as some optional essays. We highly encourage all students to complete these assignments, as they offer an opportunity to interact with other students.
Online learners who achieve a passing grade and have upgraded to the verified track can get a certificate. These certificates will indicate that you have successfully completed the course, but will not include a specific grade. Certificates will be issued by edX and will have the HarvardX logo and name(s)/signature(s) of the faculty.
Learners are able to upgrade after beginning or completing the course, even if their audit time expires (after they lose audit access) to the course. As long as they attempt to upgrade before the upgrade verification deadline, learners are able to upgrade. However, be advised that prices will be updated in the future.
For more information about certificates, please see this certificate help page.
Some content in edX is available only to learners who have purchased a verified certificate. Locked content is marked with a lock icon. When you see this icon, it indicates there are one or more graded assignments on this page. Verified learners will be able to see and complete these assignments, which will count toward their certificate of completion.
Yes. For more information on financial assistance, please visit edX's financial assistance page.
The project schedule is flexible for participants. Simply work at your own pace to complete the materials. Some due dates can be shifted. For more information, see this help page from edX.
All graded material has a blue clock icon next to it. If the item also has a deadline, that date is listed right below.
For multiple choice and checkbox questions, to submit your answer for points, select ‘Check.’ If you are stumped, you can select ‘show answer,’ but this will result in forfeiture of your points. Please note: if you select ‘Show Answer’ before clicking ‘Check,’ you will receive 0 points. Leaving a question black and clicking "Check" will also result in an incorrect attempt. If it is the last attempt and the question is left black, clicking "Final Check" with no answer submitted will also result in zero points scored. Once you have a green check mark, no need to do anything else, you got the points!
These green check marks are a new feature on edX. They have been working to make them available for video completion as well as for assessments. However, the check marks are “buggy” and do not always appear. Video completion is not graded, so please do not worry if you are missing these green check marks. Please refer to your progress tab and the grading policy of the course to more accurately gauge your progress.
At this time, there are no additional courses. However, we recommend participating in any future edX courses you find interesting!
For edX technical questions, please contact edX at https://www.edx.org/contact-us


fun preferSmall(): ItemSetTieBreaker
Adds an additional criteria to the current tie-breaking strategy, which prefers small item sets over large ones. I.e., if an item set contains less items than its counterpart, it is sorted before the other one.


Because I had so much trouble finding a good autolinking implementation out in the wild, I decided to roll my own. It seemed that everything I found out there was either an implementation that didn't cover every case, or was just limited in one way or another.
So, this utility attempts to handle everything. It:
href
attribute inside anchor () tags (or any other
tag/attribute for that matter), and will not accidentally wrap the inner text of an anchor tag with a new one (which would cause
doubly-nested anchor tags).Hope that this utility helps you as well!
Simply clone or download the zip of the project, and link to either dist/Autolinker.js
or dist/Autolinker.min.js
with a script tag:

Command line:
bower install Autolinker.js --save
Command Line:
npm install autolinker --save
JavaScript:
var Autolinker = require( 'autolinker' );
// note: npm wants an all-lowercase package name, but the utility is a class and should be
// aliased with a capital letter
Using the static link() method:
var linkedText = Autolinker.link( textToAutolink[, options] );
Using as a class:
var autolinker = new Autolinker( [ options ] );
var linkedText = autolinker.link( textToAutoLink );
Note: if using the same options to autolink multiple pieces of html/text, it is slightly more efficient to create a single Autolinker instance, and run the link() method repeatedly (i.e. use the "class" form above).
var linkedText = Autolinker.link( "Check out google.com", { className: "myLink" } );
// Produces: "Check out google.com"
These are the options which may be specified for linking. These are specified by providing an Object as the second parameter to Autolinker.link(). These include:
true
to have the links should open in a new window when clicked, false
otherwise. Defaults to true
.true
to have the 'http://' or 'https://' and/or the 'www.' stripped from the beginning of links, false
otherwise. Defaults to true
.className : String
A CSS class name to add to the generated anchor tags. This class will be added to all links, as well as this class
plus "url"/"email"/"twitter" suffixes for styling url/email/twitter links differently.
For example, if this config is provided as "myLink", then:
1) URL links will have the CSS classes: "myLink myLink-url"
2) Email links will have the CSS classes: "myLink myLink-email", and
3) Twitter links will have the CSS classes: "myLink myLink-twitter"
urls : Boolean
true
to have URLs auto-linked, false
to skip auto-linking of URLs. Defaults to true
.
true
to have email addresses auto-linked, false
to skip auto-linking of email addresses. Defaults to true
.true
to have Twitter handles auto-linked, false
to skip auto-linking of Twitter handles. Defaults to true
.For example, if you wanted to disable links from opening in new windows, you could do:
var linkedText = Autolinker.link( "Check out google.com", { newWindow: false } );
// Produces: "Check out google.com"
And if you wanted to truncate the length of URLs (while also not opening in a new window), you could do:
var linkedText = Autolinker.link( "http://www.yahoo.com/some/long/path/to/a/file", { truncate: 25, newWindow: false } );
// Produces: "yahoo.com/some/long/pat.."
One could update an entire DOM element that has unlinked text to auto-link them as such:
var myTextEl = document.getElementById( 'text' );
myTextEl.innerHTML = Autolinker.link( myTextEl.innerHTML );
Using the same pre-configured Autolinker instance in multiple locations of a codebase (usually by dependency injection):
var autolinker = new Autolinker( { newWindow: false, truncate: 25 } );
//...
autolinker.link( "Check out http://www.yahoo.com/some/long/path/to/a/file" );
// Produces: "Check out yahoo.com/some/long/pat.."
//...
autolinker.link( "Go to www.google.com" );
// Produces: "Go to google.com"
A custom replacement function (replaceFn) may be provided to replace url/email/twitter matches on an individual basis, based on the return from this function.
Full example, for purposes of documenting the API:
var input = "..."; // string with URLs, Email Addresses, and Twitter Handles
var linkedText = Autolinker.link( input, {
replaceFn : function( autolinker, match ) {
console.log( "href = ", match.getAnchorHref() );
console.log( "text = ", match.getAnchorText() );
switch( match.getType() ) {
case 'url' :
console.log( "url: ", match.getUrl() );
if( match.getUrl().indexOf( 'mysite.com' ) === -1 ) {
var tag = autolinker.getTagBuilder().build( match ); // returns an `Autolinker.HtmlTag` instance, which provides mutator methods for easy changes
tag.setAttr( 'rel', 'nofollow' );
tag.addClass( 'external-link' );
return tag;
} else {
return true; // let Autolinker perform its normal anchor tag replacement
}
case 'email' :
var email = match.getEmail();
console.log( "email: ", email );
if( email ===<EMAIL_ADDRESS>) {
return false; // don't auto-link this particular email address; leave as-is
} else {
return; // no return value will have Autolinker perform its normal anchor tag replacement (same as returning `true`)
}
case 'twitter' :
var twitterHandle = match.getTwitterHandle();
console.log( twitterHandle );
return '' + twitterHandle + '';
}
}
} );
The function is provided two arguments:
A replacement of the match is made based on the return value of the function. The following return values may be provided:
undefined
), or true
(Boolean): Delegate back to Autolinker to replace the match as it normally would.false
(Boolean): Do not replace the current match at all - leave as-is.The full API docs for Autolinker may be referenced at: http://gregjacobs.github.io/Autolinker.js/docs/
See Releases


List of projects I've created in week 1
I joined university in 2017 and graduated with a degree in psychology in 2020. I got my first job in April 2020 and I am still working to-date. I took this class to gain the skills needed to create an app in line with my interest in psychology. By the end of this class I hope to have an understanding on what creating such an app will entail. Depending on how things go I will make the decision whether or not I want to proceed with core but for now I am enjoying the process.
Some of my interests and hobbies include; going out with friends, cooking, reading, listening to music, watching movies and series. Although I rarely have any free time, I still make an effort to do something I enjoy once in a while so as to keep me grounded.


BREReceiptRemoteError
Objective-C
enum BREReceiptRemoteError : NSUInteger {}
Swift
enum BREReceiptRemoteError : UInt, @unchecked Sendable
-
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorNone = 0
Swift
case none = 0
-
Remote scrape was attempted but no providers have been linked
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorNoProvider = 1
Swift
case noProvider = 1
-
Remote scrape was attempted with a provider that is not supported
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorInvalidProvider = 2
Swift
case invalidProvider = 2
-
Remote scrape was attempted but no valid credentials were found on disk for the specified provider
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorNoCredentials = 3
Swift
case noCredentials = 3
-
Remote scrape was attempted for an OAuth provider but a new access token could not be obtained
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorCantObtainToken = 4
Swift
case cantObtainToken = 4
-
The supplied credentials failed to authenticate againt the specified provider server side
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorInvalidCredentials = 5
Swift
case invalidCredentials = 5
-
For OAuth providers this indicates the access token has expired
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorExpiredToken = 6
Swift
case expiredToken = 6
-
No client configuration for the remote scrape service was found server side
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorNoClientConfig = 7
Swift
case noClientConfig = 7
-
Remote scrape worker could not locate all required parameters to initiate scrape (Unexpected)
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorBadInput = 8
Swift
case badInput = 8
-
Remote scrape worker timed out trying to connect to email provider
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorTimeout = 9
Swift
case timeout = 9
-
Remote scrape worker connected to IMAP account but found no mailboxes (Unexpected)
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorIMAPNoBoxes = 10
Swift
case imapNoBoxes = 10
-
Indicates that one or more receipt IDs passed in to a reprocessing job was invalid (will not be returned client side)
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorInvalidReceiptIDs = 11
Swift
case invalidReceiptIDs = 11
-
Indicates failure to connect to the results endpoint configured server side (will not be returned client side)
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorClientEndpointErrors = 12
Swift
case clientEndpointErrors = 12
-
Could not queue up a remote scrape job because there is already one queued or in progress for this email address
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorJobInProgress = 13
Swift
case jobInProgress = 13
-
Could not connect to or authenticate with the IMAP server
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorIMAPFailedConnection = 16
Swift
case imapFailedConnection = 16
-
An unknown error was encountered attempting to queue up the remote scrape job
Declaration
Objective-C
BREReceiptRemoteErrorUnknown = 999
Swift
case unknown = 999


AP key findings about Mundipharma’s OxyContin sales in China
by ERIKA KINETZSHANGHAI (AP) - The Sackler family’s opioid empire in the United States is collapsing under an avalanche of litigation over marketing tactics. Their Purdue Pharma company is in bankruptcy, but the family continues to profit from sales of their signature painkiller OxyContin abroad. Sales reps at their international affiliate, Mundipharma, have been chasing profits in China using many of the same tactics that Purdue was forced to abandon in the U.S. as the death toll from opioid overdoses soared, interviews and documents obtained by the AP show.
Here are key findings from those documents and interviews.
- Purdue and its executives paid a historic $635 million in legal penalties in the U.S. for misrepresenting OxyContin as less addictive than other opioids and pledged never to do it again. That didn’t stop Mundipharma sales reps from making the same pitch to doctors in China more than a decade later.
- Mundipharma managers required sales reps to copy patients’ private medical records without consent to better target sales, in apparent violation of Chinese law.
- Faced with fast-rising sales targets, OxyContin reps in China sometimes disguised themselves as medical staff, putting on white coats and lying about their identity to visit patients in the hospital.
- Mundipharma aggressively pushed high doses of opioids in China, despite warnings that higher doses carry higher risks of overdose and death. The year after the U.S. Centers for Disease Control said that taking even 33mg of OxyContin a day at least doubles the risk of overdose, Mundipharma ran a campaign to promote sales of 40mg pills in China.
Online: A selection of Mundipharma China documents, U.S. court filings and regulatory guidelines
https://www.documentcloud.org/search/projectid:46816-mundipharma-china-documents
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Please read our comment policy before commenting.


Contact 7 form is one of my favorite plugins for WP – in fact – I use it on all the sites I run. Gravity forms is an awesome alternative, but since it is free, and runs on WP Multisite, I stick with contact form 7. The only problem: Contact Form 7 needs customization and style. This tutorial will teach you how to create a contact form that goes from (the default css):
To something a little more eye catching. This tutorial will add a bit of style and color to Contact Form 7. Feel free to change the colors in the process:
Let’s begin! First, you need to download the Contact Form 7 plugin.
Installing Contact Form 7
Installing the WordPress plugin could not be easier. Always make sure you have a recent backup of your database before you install or update anything on your site (I say this, but hardly every do it). After you backup you site, here’s how to install Contact Form 7.
- Log-in to Your WordPress website.
- Under “Plugins” click on “Add New”.
- Under ”Search” enter “Contact Form 7” .
- After the page reloads Click on “Install Now” under Contact Form 7.
- Click “OK” when you get the “Are You Sure” alert.
- After the plugin downloads click “Activate Plugin”.
- You’ll now have a “Contact” tab in the menu on the left side of the screen.
- Click the “Contact” tab.
We are going to be working with the default contact form. If you need to add fields, that is fine — just make sure they are in the same class.
Customizing the Contact Form 7 Plugin
Here’s the code to get it looking good.
There are a few things you need to keep in mind.
- You may need to adjust the width of the input and textarea. Every theme is different.
- Make sure you change the border color of the input, textarea, and .text to match your site.
The HTML
The default HTML for Contact Form 7 is below:
We want to change that too: Below, are we are doing is removing the Titles. We removed “Your Name (required)”, “Your Email (required)”, “Subject”, and “Message”. It is okay to remove those. We are going to add text inside the input boxes. Contact Form 7 calls this “placeholder text” – but we will get to that shortly.
Now, if you are following along, your form should look something like this:
You will notice that all of the titles have been removed. We did this to streamline everything. When working with customers, the shorter the CTA (the form), the better. If there are unneeded breakspaces and text, remove them.
Next up: Add the placeholders. The placeholders are the text that go inside the input boxes. They are “suggestions”. If you are confused, just look down below and it will make more sense.
You will notice in this step all we did was add placeholder text. Placeholder text goes inside the input areas and give hints or suggestions. These placeholders replace the need for “Titles”.
At this point, we are ready to start styling the form. Don’t worry if your form doesn’t look just like mine (each theme has different default stylings)! We will get to that in the next step. The important part is that we have the structure down.
The CSS
Just add the following:


The ALL_VIEW_COLUMNS view provides information on all columns in all user-defined views.
Name |
Type |
Description |
owner |
VARCHAR2 |
User name of the view’s owner. |
schemaname |
VARCHAR2 |
Name of the schema in which the view belongs. |
view_name |
VARCHAR2 |
Name of the view. |
column_name |
VARCHAR2 |
Name of the column. |
data_type |
VARCHAR2 |
Data type of the column. |
data_length |
INTEGER |
Length of text columns. |
data_precision |
INTEGER |
Precision of numeric columns – number of digits for NUMBER columns; number of bits for binary numeric columns (INTEGER, REAL, DOUBLE PRECISION, etc.). |
data_scale |
INTEGER |
Scale of NUMBER columns. |
column_id |
INTEGER |
Relative position of the column within the view. |
nullable |
CHARACTER |
Whether or not the column is nullable – possible values are: Y – column is nullable; N – column does not allow null. |
data_default |
VARCHAR2 |
Default value assigned to the column. |


Valve officially announces Half-Life: Alyx VR game, reveal coming Thursday
by Emily GeraNo longer just a rumour.
Valve has officially announced a new addition to its Half-Life franchise – unfortunately, it’s not the one you were hoping for. Half-Life: Alyx was confirmed by the company today in a tweet, after previously being mentioned by Valve’s Robin Walker within a leaked transcript.
The upcoming virtual reality title will be revealed later this week, on November 21 at 10am PST.
Games featured in this article


Provides implementations of
SnacCommand
s and associated command factories for SNAC family
0x03
, which contains commands to alert the client of buddy signons, state changes, and so on.


Hint: open javascript console for more information (Ctrl + Shift + I)...


September 2022
dotfiles commands
List of commands shipped with this dotfiles instance.
brew_fix_sslread
Fixes “SSLRead() return error -9806” on macOS using brew.
darwin_ramfs_mount
Create and mount a RAM disk on macOS.
drawin_ramfs_umount
Unmount and detach a RAM disk on macOS.
darwin_readlink
readlink -f
alternative on macOS hosts.
docker_scp_deploy
Deploy Docker images via scp.
fif
Search for file contents with fzf
and ripgrep
(rg
).
get_random_password
Generate a random password using various shell commands and tools.
git_bare_to_normal
Converts a bare git repository into a working copy.
idea
IntelliJ IDEA Starter.
ls_conf_diff
Listing modified configuration files on Debian hosts.
maven_verify_multi_module
Run a lightweight verify goal on a (complex) Maven multi-module project.
pdb_diff
Export KeepassXC database to CSV and diff with idea
command.
show_routes
Probes and uses different commands for routing table introspection.
ssh_key_discovery
Discovers and SSH host to prevent “Host key verification failed.” errors during automatic SSH command executions without human interaction.
ssl_inspect
Outputs information about an (HTTP-)SSL certificate of a given hostname.
stream
Simple wrapper around mplayer -playlist
for listening to
shoutcast streams.
darwin_ramfs_mount(1), darwin_ramfs_umount(1), docker_scp_deploy(1), fif(1), maven_verify_multi_module(1), pdb_diff(1), ssh_key_discovery(1), dotfiles_aliases(7), dreadwarrior_dotfiles(7)


To start ncat_httpd, run the ncat_httpd script located at the root of the ncat_httpd directory structure:
user@localhost:ncat_httpd$ ./ncat_httpd
If you are running ncat_httpd on a port below 1024, it will be necessary to run ncat_httpd as root. Note that this is very dangerous. If you do this, it will allow remote code execution as root.
 This is considered the correct way to stop it.
The majority of the configuration for ncat_httpd is done in the ncat_httpd.conf file. By default, this file is located at the root of the ncat_httpd directory structure.
By default, ncat_httpd listens on port 8080. You can change the port that ncat_httpd listens on by changing the 'port=' line in ncat_httpd.conf. ncat_httpd is not capable of listening on more than one port.
By default, ncat_httpd uses the html subdirectory (located in the same directory as the ncat_httpd script) as the public HTML document root directory. This can be overridden by changing the 'html_dir=' line on ncat_httpd.conf. If a relative path is used, the path will be taken relative to the directory that the ncat_httpd script is located in. To change the content that is served by ncat_httpd, replace the file in the html directory.
By default, ncat_httpd uses the html documents in the error subdirectory (located in the same directory as the ncat_httpd script) as the error pages. These documents are named xxx.html, where xxx is the error number. For example, the page that is served when a 404 error is encountered is error/404.html.
The directory for the error documents can be changed by changing the 'error_dir=' line in ncat_httpd.conf. If a relative path is used, the path will be taken relative to the directory that the ncat_httpd script is located in.
If a client sends a GET request to get a directory, it is customary to return an index page from that directory (if one exists) instead of an error. By default, this file is index.html. It is possible to configure ncat_httpd to use a different file as the index file by changing the 'index_file=' line in ncat_httpd.conf.
Backncat_httpd 1.1.0 | Copyright © 2019-2020 Scott Court


We monetize content!
- orchestrate interactive convergence
- reinvent leading-edge mindshare
- recontextualize customized niches
- matrix world-class supply-chains
- evolve mission-critical portals
- matrix turn-key functionalities
- transition best-of-breed architectures
- strategize proactive vortals


Football: Everton's Gomes to have surgery on broken ankle
LIVERPOOL, United Kingdom: Everton midfielder Andre Gomes will have surgery on Monday (Nov 4) after suffering a fracture-dislocation to his right ankle in their Premier League match against Tottenham Hotspur, his club have said.
The Portugal international sustained the injury in the 1-1 draw at Goodison Park on Sunday after landing off balance at speed following a tackle from Spurs forward Son Heung-min.
Everton released a statement confirming Gomes would need surgery but did not set out a timeline for his return.
READ: Football: Support for tearful red-carded Son after Gomes injury
Manager Marco Silva has backed the 26-year-old to make a full recovery.
"We will give all support to Andre and his family," Silva told reporters. "As a group we have to stay together.
"He is seriously injured but I am 100 per cent sure Andre will become stronger as a football player and as a man because he is a fantastic lad, a fantastic professional."
Son was shown a red card for his part in the incident and was in tears in the dressing room afterwards.
On Monday, the 27-year-old was called up to the South Korea squad for two matches later this month and national team coach Paulo Bento said his international team mates would rally around him.
"What happened in that match is really unfortunate," Bento told Yonhap News Agency. "It doesn't matter which country a player is from. You never want to see anyone get hurt that seriously, but it's also part of the game.
"Heung-min has to pick things up and move forward, and we'll try to help him the best we can."
South Korea play Lebanon in a World Cup qualifier on Nov. 14 before facing Brazil in a friendly five days later in Abu Dhabi.


By Tom Johnson / @tomjohnson
idratherbewriting.com
Slides available at
idratherbewriting.com/openapi-and-swagger
The following is a video recording of this presentation.
openapi
info
servers
paths
components
security
tags
externalDocs
(See also Peter Gruenbaum's resources (STC preso and Udemy course)
Tom Johnson
— idratherbewriting.com
— @tomjohnson
—<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Some graphics by: Vecteezy.com and the Noun Project.


Turkey replaces four more Kurdish mayors over alleged terror links
ANKARA (Reuters) - Turkey removed four more mayors from their posts on Saturday as part of a widening government crackdown against the pro-Kurdish Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP), and replaced them with state appointees.
President Tayyip Erdogan and his government accuse the HDP of having links to the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) militant group, leading to prosecutions of thousands of its members and some leaders. The HDP denies such links.
On Saturday, the mayors of Mazidag, Savur and Derik in the southeastern province of Mardin were replaced with appointees, while the mayor of the Suruc district in the Sanliurfa province was also removed, bringing to 24 the number of mayors who have been dismissed after being elected earlier this year.
The HDP governs many cities in the largely Kurdish southeast of Turkey, and says it is the target of a systematic government plot to deplete its ranks.
The former co-leaders of the HDP have both been jailed since 2016 on terrorism charges, with several other prominent members accused of supporting terrorism over what the government says are links to the PKK.
The moves against the HDP come as Turkish troops carry out a military offensive in neighboring Syria against the Kurdish YPG militia, which Ankara sees a terrorist group and also accuses of ties to the PKK.
The HDP is the only party in the Turkish parliament that has opposed the offensive in northeast Syria that began on Oct. 9.


We pick up and drop our customers countrywide with travel charges ranging from destination to destination. You can view the payment rates at click here
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{% extends "global/Page.html" %} {% load staticfiles otree %} {% block title %} Result in Round {{ group.round_number }} of {{ Constants.num_rounds }} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
{% if player.id_in_group == 1 %} You decided to keep {{ group.kept }} for yourself. {% else %} Player 1 has made his decision, and you will be told the result at the end of the experiment >. {% endif %} {% next_button %}
{% include Constants.instructions_template %} {% endblock %}


CS 1030 - Web Page Project
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My name is Valerie.
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{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Dashboard{% endblock %} {% block header%}hello {{username}}, this is your dashboard.{% endblock %} {% block body %} {% if requests%}
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The populace is an aged Narcissus which worships itself and applauds the commonplace.It is a touch haughty, but it does rather accurately predict reality television & blogging, no?
Les Miserables, Victor Hugo
--- layout: post title: "Hugo's Arrogance" date: 2009-03-22 comments: false ---
The populace is an aged Narcissus which worships itself and applauds the commonplace.It is a touch haughty, but it does rather accurately predict reality television & blogging, no?
Les Miserables, Victor Hugo


Api token access with authlogic and login
Creating an API for one project at work, one of the tasks was to implement a token based authentication for some resources, but the client specifically requested not to have to handle cookies. Also, it was requested for the user to still have to login with it’s own login and password, rather than with a permanent token, like a permanent API key. The solution I implemented used the excellent authlogic capabilities with the single_access_token, although used slighlty differently from it’s original purpose.
Rather than keeping the single access token generated at user registration untouched, like a standard API key, I enforced it’s regeneration at both login and logout. Returned in the login response, that token then has to be provided by the client for every request that needs authentication, effectively playing the same role as a cookie.
With this solution, the client looses the ability to stay logged in by storing the credentials in the client’s machine, but as the project it’s been created for only required an API, there was no problem with that. Implementing this solution simply puts a little big more work on the client to store and provide the token in the requests parameters, but I still found it an elegant solution to get around my problem.
The following code implements this solution in the Application and the User_Session controllers, showing the regeneration of the token in both login and logout actions with authlogic’s reset_single_access_token method.
app > controllers > application_controller
class ApplicationController > ActionController::Base ... helper_method :check ... def check if current_user==nil respond_to do |format| format.html {redirect_to login_path} #assuming you have a named login route format.xml {render :xml=>'',:status=>:unauthorized} end end end ... 401 unauthorized
app > controllers > user_sessions_controller
class UserSessionsController < ApplicationController def create @user_session = UserSession.new(params[:user_session]) respond_to do |format| if @user_session.save current_user.reset_single_access_token! format.xml else format.xml {render<EMAIL_ADDRESS>:status=>:unauthorized} end end end def destroy if(@user_session = UserSession.find) current_user.reset_single_access_token! @user_session.destroy respond_to do |format| format.xml {render :xml=>{:status=>'200 ok'},:status=> :ok} end else respond_to do |format| format.xml {render<EMAIL_ADDRESS>:status=> :not_found} end end end end
app > models > user
class User < ActiveRecord::Base acts_as_authentic end
app > views > users_sessions > create.xml.builder
xml.instruct! :xml, :version=>"1.0" xml.user{ xml.user_id(current_user.id) xml.user_credentials(current_user.single_access_token) }
app > controllers > users_controller
class UsersController < ApplicationController before_filter :check def create end def index end def update end def show end end
db > migrate > create_users
class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :users do |t| t.string :username t.string :crypted_password t.string :password_salt t.string :persistence_token t.string :single_access_token, :null => false t.timestamps end end def self.down drop_table :users end end
comments
Paul Mon, 05 Apr 2010 - 16:19
Hi, I see that in your solution there is one tricks, when user first authenticated through client and then through Web, then they cannot works in parallel, because you reset single token, maybe better, reset it only for format xml. But also you cannot logged in parallel through two clients. Otherwise maybe better use toke of session not user's model. Paul
Matt Mon, 05 Apr 2010 - 17:48
Hi Paul, I agree with you, this solution is no where near universal and has its problems as you pointed out. However, it has been working fine for me with two clients (a web client and an XML API client) logged in at the same, as both use different authentication methods. The XML API uses the single_access_token, while in my application, I use the excellent authlogic, which I think uses the persistence_token of the user model. As both are different in the DB, this works well. Also, admitting that both solutions would use the same single_access_token, resetting it only for one format would lead to strange results, and an inconsistent behavior for the user. Now, if you want to access a website both on a web desktop and lets say on a web mobile, for sure, there will be a problem with my solution, but my guess is this will not happen often.
Chris Kimpton Sun, 08 May 2011 - 20:39
Hi, Thanks for the great article (although I am coming to it late). One query, what is: before_filter :check Is that an AppController method to ensure the user is logged in? Thanks, Chris
Matt Tue, 24 May 2011 - 15:38
Hi Chris, Sorry I didn't see your comment comming for some reason. I think you may have spotted something I forgot to add. It's been a while now, and I'll have to dig up the code again to find that out, but as far as I remember from the top of my head, it was indeed a method in the application controller. I'll find that out for you. Matt
Matt Thu, 16 Jun 2011 - 13:25
Hi Chris, appologies for the delay in coming back to you. I have now updated the code above with things to add in the application controller. basically, I created a helper method in there and registered it with the helper_method call at the top of my application controller. The code is below, and assumes you've got a named login route. The syntax highlighted version is up there in the post. I hope this helps!


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the official wiki for the future game! this website will be a wiki for a future game,cubeventures.
find out about the controls see what's new features and achievements currencies home meet the baddiesturrets are like Tanks.
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{{ $author := .Site.Params.author }} {{ with .Site.Params.Copyright }} {{ . | safeHTML }} {{ else }} © 2014-{{now.Format "2006"}} {{ $author }}. Some rights reserved; please attribute properly and link back. Powered by Hugo. Theme based on hugo-redlougne. {{end}}


JIL allows for the camera to be controlled using the Camera object. The window below is showing the emulated camera window for the phone. Click capture to take a picture or use record and stop to take a video
file was saved to :
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|
|
#include <math.h>
Go to the source code of this file.
Namespaces | |
| rack | |
Macros | |
| #define | RADAR__CONSTANTS "radar__constants 1.0, May 27 2006<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
Functions | |
| template<class T > | |
| double | dbzToZ (const T &dBZ) |
| template<class T > | |
| double | zToDbz (const T &Z) |
Variables | |
| const int | EARTH_RADIUSi = 6371000 |
| Approximated radius of Earth, integer. | |
| const double | EARTH_RADIUS = static_cast<double>(EARTH_RADIUSi) |
| Approximated radius of Earth, integer. | |
| const double | EARTH_RADIUS_43 = EARTH_RADIUS * 4.0 / 3.0 |
| The standard 4/3 radius applied in radar to compensate the decreasing density of the atmosphere. | |
| const int | earthRadiusMI = 6371000 |
| const int | earthRadius43MI = (earthRadiusMI * 4) / 3 |
| const float | earthRadius43MF = static_cast<float>(earthRadiusMI) * 4.0 / 3.0 |
This file contains radar constants...


Estonian ski coach gets suspended sentence in doping case
by The Associated PressTALLINN, Estonia (AP) — An Estonian court has given a one-year suspended sentence to veteran ski coach Mati Alaver for his role in international doping.
The Baltic News Service reports that Alaver was found to have incited athletes to dope and accepted a plea bargain.
Estonia’s public broadcaster reports the court identified three Estonian athletes and one foreign athlete involved but ruled their names would not be disclosed.
Alaver’s case is linked to the arrests of five cross-country skiers, two of them Estonians, at the Nordic world championships in Austria in February.
The case has caused a scandal in Estonia, where cross-country skiers are star athletes who have won all of the small Baltic nation’s seven Winter Olympic medals.
Alaver was stripped of two state honors by President Kersti Kaljulaid in March.
___
More AP sports: https://apnews.com/apf-sports and https://twitter.com/AP_Sports
The Associated Press


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Vim documentation: usr_24
main help file*usr_24.txt* For Vim version 7.2. Last change: 2006 Jul 23 VIM USER MANUAL - by Bram Moolenaar Inserting quickly When entering text, Vim offers various ways to reduce the number of keystrokes and avoid typing mistakes. Use Insert mode completion to repeat previously typed words. Abbreviate long words to short ones. Type characters that aren't on your keyboard. |24.1| Making corrections |24.2| Showing matches |24.3| Completion |24.4| Repeating an insert |24.5| Copying from another line |24.6| Inserting a register |24.7| Abbreviations |24.8| Entering special characters |24.9| Digraphs |24.10| Normal mode commands Next chapter: |usr_25.txt| Editing formatted text Previous chapter: |usr_23.txt| Editing other files Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt|
*24.1* Making corrections The <BS> key was already mentioned. It deletes the character just before the cursor. The <Del> key does the same for the character under (after) the cursor. When you typed a whole word wrong, use CTRL-W: The horse had fallen to the sky CTRL-W The horse had fallen to the If you really messed up a line and want to start over, use CTRL-U to delete it. This keeps the text after the cursor and the indent. Only the text from the first non-blank to the cursor is deleted. With the cursor on the "f" of "fallen" in the next line pressing CTRL-U does this: The horse had fallen to the CTRL-U fallen to the When you spot a mistake a few words back, you need to move the cursor there to correct it. For example, you typed this: The horse had follen to the ground You need to change "follen" to "fallen". With the cursor at the end, you would type this to correct it: <Esc>4blraA get out of Insert mode <Esc> four words back 4b move on top of the "o" l replace with "a" ra restart Insert mode A Another way to do this: <C-Left><C-Left><C-Left><C-Left><Right><Del>a<End> four words back <C-Left><C-Left><C-Left><C-Left> move on top of the "o" <Right> delete the "o" <Del> insert an "a" a go to end of the line <End> This uses special keys to move around, while remaining in Insert mode. This resembles what you would do in a modeless editor. It's easier to remember, but takes more time (you have to move your hand from the letters to the cursor keys, and the <End> key is hard to press without looking at the keyboard). These special keys are most useful when writing a mapping that doesn't leave Insert mode. The extra typing doesn't matter then. An overview of the keys you can use in Insert mode: <C-Home> to start of the file <PageUp> a whole screenful up <Home> to start of line <S-Left> one word left <C-Left> one word left <S-Right> one word right <C-Right> one word right <End> to end of the line <PageDown> a whole screenful down <C-End> to end of the file There are a few more, see |ins-special-special|.
*24.2* Showing matches When you type a ) it would be nice to see with which ( it matches. To make Vim do that use this command: :set showmatch When you now type a text like "(example)", as soon as you type the ) Vim will briefly move the cursor to the matching (, keep it there for half a second, and move back to where you were typing. In case there is no matching (, Vim will beep. Then you know that you might have forgotten the ( somewhere, or typed a ) too many. The match will also be shown for [] and {} pairs. You don't have to wait with typing the next character, as soon as Vim sees it the cursor will move back and inserting continues as before. You can change the time Vim waits with the 'matchtime' option. For example, to make Vim wait one and a half second: :set matchtime=15 The time is specified in tenths of a second.
*24.3* Completion Vim can automatically complete words on insertion. You type the first part of a word, press CTRL-P, and Vim guesses the rest. Suppose, for example, that you are creating a C program and want to type in the following: total = ch_array[0] + ch_array[1] + ch_array[2]; You start by entering the following: total = ch_array[0] + ch_ At this point, you tell Vim to complete the word using the command CTRL-P. Vim searches for a word that starts with what's in front of the cursor. In this case, it is "ch_", which matches with the word ch_array. So typing CTRL-P gives you the following: total = ch_array[0] + ch_array After a little more typing, you get this (ending in a space): total = ch_array[0] + ch_array[1] + If you now type CTRL-P Vim will search again for a word that completes the word before the cursor.  Typing CTRL-P again gives you the next word that matches, in this case "total". A third CTRL-P searches further back. If there is nothing else, it causes the editor to run out of words, so it returns to the original text, which is nothing. A fourth CTRL-P causes the editor to start over again with "ch_array". To search forward, use CTRL-N. Since the search wraps around the end of the file, CTRL-N and CTRL-P will find the same matches, but in a different sequence. Hint: CTRL-N is Next-match and CTRL-P is Previous-match. The Vim editor goes through a lot of effort to find words to complete. By default, it searches the following places: 1. Current file 2. Files in other windows 3. Other loaded files (hidden buffers) 4. Files which are not loaded (inactive buffers) 5. Tag files 6. All files #included by the current file OPTIONS You can customize the search order with the 'complete' option. The 'ignorecase' option is used. When it is set, case differences are ignored when searching for matches. A special option for completion is 'infercase'. This is useful to find matches while ignoring case ('ignorecase' must be set) but still using the case of the word typed so far. Thus if you type "For" and Vim finds a match "fortunately", it will result in "Fortunately". COMPLETING SPECIFIC ITEMS If you know what you are looking for, you can use these commands to complete with a certain type of item: CTRL-X CTRL-F file names CTRL-X CTRL-L whole lines CTRL-X CTRL-D macro definitions (also in included files) CTRL-X CTRL-I current and included files CTRL-X CTRL-K words from a dictionary CTRL-X CTRL-T words from a thesaurus CTRL-X CTRL-] tags CTRL-X CTRL-V Vim command line After each of them CTRL-N can be used to find the next match, CTRL-P to find the previous match. More information for each of these commands here: |ins-completion|. COMPLETING FILE NAMES Let's take CTRL-X CTRL-F as an example. This will find file names. It scans the current directory for files and displays each one that matches the word in front of the cursor. Suppose, for example, that you have the following files in the current directory: main.c sub_count.c sub_done.c sub_exit.c Now enter Insert mode and start typing: The exit code is in the file sub At this point, you enter the command CTRL-X CTRL-F. Vim now completes the current word "sub" by looking at the files in the current directory. The first match is sub_count.c. This is not the one you want, so you match the next file by typing CTRL-N. This match is sub_done.c. Typing CTRL-N again takes you to sub_exit.c. The results: The exit code is in the file sub_exit.c If the file name starts with / (Unix) or C:\ (MS-Windows) you can find all files in the file system. For example, type "/u" and CTRL-X CTRL-F. This will match "/usr" (this is on Unix): the file is found in /usr/ If you now press CTRL-N you go back to "/u". Instead, to accept the "/usr/" and go one directory level deeper, use CTRL-X CTRL-F again: the file is found in /usr/X11R6/ The results depend on what is found in your file system, of course. The matches are sorted alphabetically. COMPLETING IN SOURCE CODE Source code files are well structured. That makes it possible to do completion in an intelligent way. In Vim this is called Omni completion. In some other editors it's called intellisense, but that is a trademark. The key to Omni completion is CTRL-X CTRL-O. Obviously the O stands for Omni here, so that you can remember it easier. Let's use an example for editing C source: { struct foo *p; p-> The cursor is after "p->". Now type CTRL-X CTRL-O. Vim will offer you a list of alternatives, which are the items that "struct foo" contains. That is quite different from using CTRL-P, which would complete any word, while only members of "struct foo" are valid here. For Omni completion to work you may need to do some setup. At least make sure filetype plugins are enabled. Your vimrc file should contain a line like this: filetype plugin on Or: filetype plugin indent on For C code you need to create a tags file and set the 'tags' option. That is explained |ft-c-omni|. For other filetypes you may need to do something similar, look below |compl-omni-filetypes|. It only works for specific filetypes. Check the value of the 'omnifunc' option to find out if it would work.
*24.4* Repeating an insert If you press CTRL-A, the editor inserts the text you typed the last time you were in Insert mode. Assume, for example, that you have a file that begins with the following: "file.h" /* Main program begins */ You edit this file by inserting "#include " at the beginning of the first line: #include "file.h" /* Main program begins */ You go down to the beginning of the next line using the commands "j^". You now start to insert a new "#include" line. So you type: i CTRL-A The result is as follows: #include "file.h" #include /* Main program begins */ The "#include " was inserted because CTRL-A inserts the text of the previous insert. Now you type "main.h"<Enter> to finish the line: #include "file.h" #include "main.h" /* Main program begins */ The CTRL-@ command does a CTRL-A and then exits Insert mode. That's a quick way of doing exactly the same insertion again.
*24.5* Copying from another line The CTRL-Y command inserts the character above the cursor. This is useful when you are duplicating a previous line. For example, you have this line of C code: b_array[i]->s_next = a_array[i]->s_next; Now you need to type the same line, but with "s_prev" instead of "s_next". Start the new line, and press CTRL-Y 14 times, until you are at the "n" of "next": b_array[i]->s_next = a_array[i]->s_next; b_array[i]->s_ Now you type "prev": b_array[i]->s_next = a_array[i]->s_next; b_array[i]->s_prev Continue pressing CTRL-Y until the following "next": b_array[i]->s_next = a_array[i]->s_next; b_array[i]->s_prev = a_array[i]->s_ Now type "prev;" to finish it off. The CTRL-E command acts like CTRL-Y except it inserts the character below the cursor.
*24.6* Inserting a register The command CTRL-R {register} inserts the contents of the register. This is useful to avoid having to type a long word. For example, you need to type this: r = VeryLongFunction(a) + VeryLongFunction(b) + VeryLongFunction(c) The function name is defined in a different file. Edit that file and move the cursor on top of the function name there, and yank it into register v: "vyiw "v is the register specification, "yiw" is yank-inner-word. Now edit the file where the new line is to be inserted, and type the first letters: r = Now use CTRL-R v to insert the function name: r = VeryLongFunction You continue to type the characters in between the function name, and use CTRL-R v two times more. You could have done the same with completion. Using a register is useful when there are many words that start with the same characters. If the register contains characters such as <BS> or other special characters, they are interpreted as if they had been typed from the keyboard. If you do not want this to happen (you really want the <BS> to be inserted in the text), use the command CTRL-R CTRL-R {register}.
*24.7* Abbreviations An abbreviation is a short word that takes the place of a long one. For example, "ad" stands for "advertisement". Vim enables you to type an abbreviation and then will automatically expand it for you. To tell Vim to expand "ad" into "advertisement" every time you insert it, use the following command: :iabbrev ad advertisement Now, when you type "ad", the whole word "advertisement" will be inserted into the text. This is triggered by typing a character that can't be part of a word, for example a space: What Is Entered What You See I saw the a I saw the a I saw the ad I saw the ad I saw the ad<Space> I saw the advertisement<Space> The expansion doesn't happen when typing just "ad". That allows you to type a word like "add", which will not get expanded. Only whole words are checked for abbreviations. ABBREVIATING SEVERAL WORDS It is possible to define an abbreviation that results in multiple words. For example, to define "JB" as "Jack Benny", use the following command: :iabbrev JB Jack Benny As a programmer, I use two rather unusual abbreviations: :iabbrev #b /**************************************** :iabbrev #e <Space>****************************************/ These are used for creating boxed comments. The comment starts with #b, which draws the top line. I then type the comment text and use #e to draw the bottom line. Notice that the #e abbreviation begins with a space. In other words, the first two characters are space-star. Usually Vim ignores spaces between the abbreviation and the expansion. To avoid that problem, I spell space as seven characters: <, S, p, a, c, e, >. Note: ":iabbrev" is a long word to type. ":iab" works just as well. That's abbreviating the abbreviate command! FIXING TYPING MISTAKES It's very common to make the same typing mistake every time. For example, typing "teh" instead of "the". You can fix this with an abbreviation: :abbreviate teh the You can add a whole list of these. Add one each time you discover a common mistake. LISTING ABBREVIATIONS The ":abbreviate" command lists the abbreviations: :abbreviate i #e ****************************************/ i #b /**************************************** i JB Jack Benny i ad advertisement ! teh the The "i" in the first column indicates Insert mode. These abbreviations are only active in Insert mode. Other possible characters are: c Command-line mode :cabbrev ! both Insert and Command-line mode :abbreviate Since abbreviations are not often useful in Command-line mode, you will mostly use the ":iabbrev" command. That avoids, for example, that "ad" gets expanded when typing a command like: :edit ad DELETING ABBREVIATIONS To get rid of an abbreviation, use the ":unabbreviate" command. Suppose you have the following abbreviation: :abbreviate @f fresh You can remove it with this command: :unabbreviate @f While you type this, you will notice that @f is expanded to "fresh". Don't worry about this, Vim understands it anyway (except when you have an abbreviation for "fresh", but that's very unlikely). To remove all the abbreviations: :abclear ":unabbreviate" and ":abclear" also come in the variants for Insert mode (":iunabbreviate and ":iabclear") and Command-line mode (":cunabbreviate" and ":cabclear"). REMAPPING ABBREVIATIONS There is one thing to watch out for when defining an abbreviation: The resulting string should not be mapped. For example: :abbreviate @a adder :imap dd disk-door When you now type @a, you will get "adisk-doorer". That's not what you want. To avoid this, use the ":noreabbrev" command. It does the same as ":abbreviate", but avoids that the resulting string is used for mappings: :noreabbrev @a adder Fortunately, it's unlikely that the result of an abbreviation is mapped.
*24.8* Entering special characters The CTRL-V command is used to insert the next character literally. In other words, any special meaning the character has, it will be ignored. For example: CTRL-V <Esc> Inserts an escape character. Thus you don't leave Insert mode. (Don't type the space after CTRL-V, it's only to make this easier to read). Note: On MS-Windows CTRL-V is used to paste text. Use CTRL-Q instead of CTRL-V. On Unix, on the other hand, CTRL-Q does not work on some terminals, because it has a special meaning. You can also use the command CTRL-V {digits} to insert a character with the decimal number {digits}. For example, the character number 127 is the <Del> character (but not necessarily the <Del> key!). To insert <Del> type: CTRL-V 127 You can enter characters up to 255 this way. When you type fewer than two digits, a non-digit will terminate the command. To avoid the need of typing a non-digit, prepend one or two zeros to make three digits. All the next commands insert a <Tab> and then a dot: CTRL-V 9. CTRL-V 09. CTRL-V 009. To enter a character in hexadecimal, use an "x" after the CTRL-V: CTRL-V x7f This also goes up to character 255 (CTRL-V xff). You can use "o" to type a character as an octal number and two more methods allow you to type up to a 16 bit and a 32 bit number (e.g., for a Unicode character): CTRL-V o123 CTRL-V u1234 CTRL-V U12345678
*24.9* Digraphs Some characters are not on the keyboard. For example, the copyright character ( represent one. To enter a CTRL-K Co To find out what digraphs are available, use the following command: :digraphs Vim will display the digraph table. Here are three lines of it: AC ~_ 159 NS | 160 !I BB -- This shows, for example, that the digraph you get by typing CTRL-K Pd is the character ( Pd is short for Pound. Most digraphs are selected to give you a hint about the character they will produce. If you look through the list you will understand the logic. You can exchange the first and second character, if there is no digraph for that combination. Thus CTRL-K dP also works. Since there is no digraph for "dP" Vim will also search for a "Pd" digraph. Note: The digraphs depend on the character set that Vim assumes you are using. On MS-DOS they are different from MS-Windows. Always use ":digraphs" to find out which digraphs are currently available. You can define your own digraphs. Example: :digraph a" ä This defines that CTRL-K a" inserts an character with a decimal number. This defines the same digraph: :digraph a" 228 More information about digraphs here: |digraphs| Another way to insert special characters is with a keymap. More about that here: |45.5|
*24.10* Normal mode commands Insert mode offers a limited number of commands. In Normal mode you have many more. When you want to use one, you usually leave Insert mode with <Esc>, execute the Normal mode command, and re-enter Insert mode with "i" or "a". There is a quicker way. With CTRL-O {command} you can execute any Normal mode command from Insert mode. For example, to delete from the cursor to the end of the line: CTRL-O D You can execute only one Normal mode command this way. But you can specify a register or a count. A more complicated example: CTRL-O "g3dw This deletes up to the third word into register g.
Next chapter: |usr_25.txt| Editing formatted text Copyright: see |manual-copyright| vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: top - main help file


We talked before about Microsoft
Pex,
and how it choose the shown
inputs.
We then talked more about building blocks of parameterized unit
tests
and its
patterns.
What we missed till now is how to debug your parameterized unit tests.
In order to debug your parameterized unit tests, do the following:
- Go to Tools >> Options >> Pex >> Diagnostic.
- Change the BreakOnStart option to True.
- Now set a break point at any line of code inside your parameterized
unit test.
- Right click inside your parameterized unit test and select Run Pex
Explorations.
- You will see a dialog popping asking to attach a debugger.
- Select your current Visual Studio instance.
- Once attached, press F5.
- Now Visual Studio debugger will jump to your break point in the
parameterized unit test and stop there. You can now step through you
parameterized unit test code.
You will notice that parameter’s values are those selected by
Pex.
The debugger will run the parameterized unit test for each input
value(s) chosen by Pex, So you can inspect the PUT behavior against a
specific input value.


|
| char * | concat (const char *s1, const char *s2) |
| |
| void | write_lvL (int level, ldig *ld) |
| | Writes the level on the screen. More...
|
| |
| void | write_score (int pont, pnt *u, int x, int y) |
| | Writes the score on the screen and in the game end. More...
|
| |
| void | draw_date_str (Date date, Date_image *di) |
| | Writes the date on the screen. More...
|
| |
| void | paint_game () |
| | Draws on the screen the exteriors of the game: title, borders,score and level. More...
|
| |
| void | game_movement_options (uint32_t data, int *make_nbr, Tetramino *t) |
| | Receives keyboard information and handles the event of the game accordingly. More...
|
| |
| uint8_t | driver_Receive (endpoint_t any, message *m, int *ipc_status) |
| | Wrapper function for driver_receive. Used only for function call graph. More...
|
| |
| int | game_main () |
| | Main function of the game, handles the flow of the game and presents the info to the player. More...
|
| |
| void | delete_info (pnt *u, ldig *ld, Date_image *dimag) |
| | Deletes the allocated memory, allowing to free memory space. More...
|
| |


VERY BAD THINGS A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1998 Steve Rhodes RATING (0 TO ****): ***
"It's a 105 pound problem that's got to be moved from point A to point B," real estate salesman and self-help fanatic Robert Boyd (Christian Slater) explains confidently to his four buddies. Well, it's a 105 pound "dead body" problem and moving it from one point to another proves anything but simple in writer and director Peter Berg's VERY BAD THINGS.
The title of the movie should serve both as a warning and a come-on. For those of you who loved THERE'S SOMETHING ABOUT MARY and -- this is an important "and" -- are not squeamish when it comes to gore in the service of comedy, VERY BAD THINGS will likely prove to be an extremely enjoyable black comedy. On the other hand, if you're the type that closes your eyes during the bloody parts of films, pass on this one since you are going to miss seeing large sections of it.
The movie's satire is so dark that the word black comedy doesn't quite capture the essence of its take-no-prisoners approach. It would be more helpful if we had a grading scale like numismatists do for uncirculated coins. On a darkness scale, this movie would be a few notches shy of a black hole.
The story opens at Laura Garrety's wedding. She is an anal retentive character, played with bitchy charm by Cameron Diaz from THERE'S SOMETHING ABOUT MARY. Diaz's character has shades of the one she played in one of my favorite indie comedies, THE LAST SUPPER, in which a group of pompous liberals set out to murder conservatives as their malevolent way of improving the human race.
Flashing back to a few days earlier, her fiance, Kyle Fisher (Jon Favreau), and his four buddies, Robert Boyd (Slater), Adam Berkow (Daniel Stern), Michael Berkow (Jeremy Piven) and Charles Moore (Leland Orser) head for Las Vegas for Kyle's bachelor party.
Robert has hired the stripper, a.k.a., prostitute, that is de rigueur in such crude affairs. Before she arrives, the late twenty-something guys stoke up their bodies with liberal doses of cocaine and booze. By the time she gets there, they are jumpy and excitable. They end up breaking the furniture and her, quite accidentally, but quite permanently.
When they realize the stripper is dead, the normally nice guys do what most decent folks would, they start to call 911. One suggests calling the police instead since she is most sincerely dead. And then Robert, the group's leader, weighs in with his opinion.
"There are always options," he counsels. And options in his book include chopping up the body with electric saws and killing anyone else that might get in the way.
Meanwhile, back at home, Laura is continuing to deal with her series of crises, the biggest of which is that the chairs for the wedding aren't going to have the pads on them that she was promised. She calls Kyle frequently to demand that he stay on top of this earthshaking issue.
Once the guys make it back home, the crime begins to weigh heavily on their minds in one Hitchcockian moment after another. The best part of the film occurs in the pained look on all the guy's faces, with the exception of Robert, who is the film's truest deviant.  Paranoia runs rampant in everything they do.
Jeanne Tripplehorn plays the closest thing to a normal person that the film has. She is Adam's wife, Lois. A perky housewife, whose biggest problem is getting the kids their favorite candy, Lois is oblivious to her husband's panic attacks. The worst she suspects him of doesn't even come close to the sins he has committed.
Although not for the faint of heart, the movie will have you squirming in your seats and likely, laughing loudly. Our audience got so rambunctious that they begin to shush each other so they wouldn't miss any of the funny lines.
The film, which never pulls its punches, has a hilarious ending that's so non-PC and generally indecent that it is likely to evoke the strongest reaction of all from the audience. If you hated the film, you're likely to loathe this part most of all. Those who like the picture's over-the-top approach will probably think the ending is a perfect cap to a completely irreverent comedy.
VERY BAD THINGS runs 1:51. It is rated R for strong, grisly violence, sex, nudity, profanity and drug use and would be acceptable for teenagers only if they are older and mature.
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rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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