College Students Thinks Women Can Have Male Genitalia
Also, men who have periods deserve tampons in male restrooms
Wait until you hear what these University of Kentucky students had to say about installing urinals in women’s restrooms for “women with penises” and tampons in men’s restrooms for “men with periods.”
By the way, overhaul your body’s cellular engine with our fan-favorite DNA Force Plus!


Carlos Souza, here's how your Assignment 4 compares with Joaquim Lima's:
| Carlos Souza's main topics: | Relevance Rel. score |
|---|---|
| Educational technology | 0.993 |
| Artificial intelligence | 0.845 |
| Curriculum | 0.776 |
| Carlos Souza's main topics: | Relevance score |
|---|---|
| Educational technology | 0.9934 |
| Artificial intelligence | 0.8454 |
| Curriculum | 0.7764 |


Welcome to TextTest++, a WEB platform for text entry test. The output of the test data can be seamlessly plugged in the throughput calculation project here . We build our platform purely with JS, thus you won’t worry about network-delay when testing. After loading the webpage, you’re good to go!
P.s. We strongly recommend using Chrome browser, as other browsers might yield unexpected results because of their different implementations of the web api.
By clicking “Settings”, you can find the option Upload Custom Phrase Set. We use the phrase set from Phrase sets for evaluating text entry techniques as default set. Make sure your phrase set uses the following format (one phrase for one line):
phrase 1
phrase 2
…
phrase n
After choosing the phrase file, click upload to import the phrases.
The default order of phrases is the same order as the phrase file. To randomize the test order, you could click the "Shuffle whole set" button.
If you check the box of "Stop test after", and modify the number, then the test will end after the number of phrases are completed.
During the test, the left corner of the input text will show the count of finished phrases. If the user entered all phrases, it will turn to red showing "task done!"
If the user want to re-enter the last phrase (for example, the user accidentally hit Next before finish the current phrase), he/she could click button to restart the last phrase. However, one can only restart one phrase at one time. All actions of the last phrase before restart won’t be logged in the file.
You can just refresh the webpage to start a new test or restart a test. Remember to set the phrase amount, seed, upload new phrase set (if necessary) and repeat other settings again.
You will notice that when the input text changes, the gray-background area below will change its content. The content shows the information of the text change using the approximation algorithm of T-sequence model.
Congratulations! You’ve finished a test. Now you might want to download the log files and further analyze them. Remember, always hit Analysis before download the file.
Click Analysis button to show the graph of different error rates of the experiment. It is always required before download any file.
A statistic graph will show the different error rates (TER/UER/CER) of the typing process. A typical graph will look like this:
You can set the custom file name or leave the filename section empty, which will generate a file named “TextTest”. Select the type of file and download. You can download all types.
| Type | Contents |
|---|---|
| json | the log file of action information for each phrase |
| csv | the metrics file for each phrase, analyzed from the json file |
(for detailed explanation, please go to “Reference of csv file variable names”)
After analyze or download the experiment, you can always continue the test if you don’t refresh the page. The log file will continue to log the experiment.
You could analyze an existing json file in other experiments as long as the format is the same. After successfully uploading, the error rate graph will appear, and you can download the CSV result of the file.
| Variable Name in CSV | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Trial | Index of the trial |
| Seconds | Total time spent to type the phrase |
| correct_time | Total correct time (delete + substitute) using approximation algorithm |
| entry_time | Total entry time (insert + substitute) |
| Tlen | Transcription string (T) length |
| Plen | Presented string (P) length |
| TCC |
Total Changed Characters during the typing process of the trial TCC = Tlen + 2 × IF |
| IF | IF (Incorrect Fixed) class, contains all deleted characters in the T-sequence |
| INF | INF (Incorrect Not Fixed) class, Minimum string distance (MSD) between P and T |
| C | C (Correct) class, contains correct characters in T |
| WPM | Word per minute |
| TCCPM | Total Character Change per minute |
| AC | Action count, the number of actions taken during the text entry process |
| DAC | Delete action count |
| IAC | Insert action count |
| SAC | Substitute action count |
| UER |
Uncorrected Error Rate UER = INF / (C + INF + IF) |
| CER |
Corrected Error Rate CER = IF / (C + INF + IF) |
| TER |
Total Error Rate TER = (INF + IF) / (C + INF + IF) |
| CPA |
Character per action, indicates the average number of characters changed per action CPA = TCC / AC |
| CPC |
Character change per correct action CPC = IF / (DAC + SAC) |
| CPE |
Character change per entry action CPE = (|T| + IF) / EAC |
| AE |
Action Efficiency, the average number of characters one action can change in a given time period AE = TCC / Total time |
| CE |
Correction action Efficiency, indicating the “text-correcting speed” of actions CE = IF / Correction time |
| EE |
Entry action Efficiency, indicating the “text-entering speed” of actions EE = (Tlen + F) / Entry time |
| IFc | Correct characters in IF |
| IFe | Error characters in IF |
A typical trial will be recorded in the following format:
[ { "Transcribe": [ { "Text": "m", "TimeStamp":<PHONE_NUMBER>224 }, { "Text": "my", "TimeStamp":<PHONE_NUMBER>417 } ], "Action": [ [ "insert", 0, 1 ], [ "insert", 1, 1 ] ], "Trial": 0, "Present": "my watch fell in the water", "IF": 0, "INF": 24, "C": 2, "CER": "0.000", "UER": "0.923", "TER": "0.923" } ]


asEXECUTION_FINISHED asEXECUTION_SUSPENDED asEXECUTION_ABORTED asEXECUTION_EXCEPTION asEXECUTION_PREPARED asEXECUTION_UNINITIALIZED asEXECUTION_ACTIVE asEXECUTION_ERROR
All the code has been successfully executed. The return value can be retrieved and the context released or prepared for another execution.
The execution has been suspended. The execution can be resumed by calling Execute() or ExecuteStep(). The execution can be aborted by calling Abort().
The execution has been aborted. Nothing has been returned, and no exception occured. The context can be released or prepared for another execution.
An exception occured in the script code. Nothing has been returned. The context can be released or prepared for another execution.
The execution has been prepared for execution but nothing has been executed yet.
The context hasn't been prepared yet. Call Prepare() or release the context.
The context is currently executing the byte code. The execution can be suspended or aborted by calling Suspend() or Abort() respectively.
There was an error while setting the script function arguments.


| ACTIVITIES |
|---|
| ACTIVITIES | LOCATION | TIME (min) |
|---|
| # | ACTIVITIES INFO |
|---|
| ACTION | LOCATION | TIME |
|---|
| ACTION | LOCATION | TIME |
|---|
The solution is one of the optimal solutions. Can you find other optimal solutions?
What just happened was a glimpse into Combinatorial Opimization. The daily life scenario you envisioned was so easy to describe yet so difficult to solve (especially if you did more than Netflix everyday :D) Similarly, you might've heard the famous Traveling Salesman Problem.
What if some activities can only be done at a specific time and place?
What if you don't need to go to the next place directly?
What if we add the efficiency value to an activity at each place?
...


ALL STAR GAMES: 1947, 1962, 1990 WORLD SERIES: 1918, 1929, 1932, 1935, 1938, 1945, and wait till next year ! LIGHTS: 1988
BEEN THERE, DONE THAT: Cubs-Pirates game in 1963, visits in 1998 and 2008, and a Cubs-Marlins game on July 19, 2012.
With its ivy-covered brick walls and low profile, the "Friendly Confines" of Chicago's North Side are one of the last vestiges of the authentic experience of urban neighborhood baseball. Or at least it was until the last few years. Since 2006, the Cubs have been expanding the outfield bleacher section and adding big new scoreboards and billboards, blocking the view that the folks who live across Waveland Avenue and Sheffield Street used to get. Some of the neighboring buildings still feature distance markers from home plate.
Ironically, given the strong attachment of the team and its fans to their home field, "Weeghman Park" (the original name) was actually built for another team, the Chicago Whales of the Federal League. The upstart league opened for business in 1914 but shut down after two years. The Cubs were then bought by the Whales' owner, Charles Weeghman, and moved into the stadium which bore his name. After he sold out to William Wrigley in 1919, the name was changed to "Cubs Park," and in 1926 it was renamed Wrigley Field. Unbeknownst to many, for several decades there was another Wrigley Field -- in Los Angeles! The Angels played there in 1961.
Like Crosley Field, the grandstand Wrigley Field was curved behind home plate, with the upper decks set back a fair distance from the field, and with no upper decks extending into the outfield. The original stadium was single-decked, with 14,000 seats. During the inaugural series in April 1914, so many home runs were hit that Weeghman ordered that the field be extended into land that had been occupied by residential buildings formerly associate with a seminary. These changes were completed by May. In 1915, after the demolition work had been finished, new bleachers were built in left field, with slightly longer dimensions on that side and significantly longer dimensions on the right side, where a section of bleachers was removed. Estimates on dimensions in the early years made by Ron Selter (2008) appear to be accurate, based on available photographs and blueprints, but are labeled in gray above due to the uncertainty.
In 1923, the entire third base side and middle (vertex) portions of the grandstand were moved back about 60 feet, which was quite an astounding engingeering feat. The first base side of the grandstand was left in place. These changes gave the stadium a slightly asymmetric form, creating the odd angle that creases the visitors' dugout. In addition, the field was lowered three feet in order to create more space for additional seats and the diamond was rotated a few degrees counter-clockwise. Four years later (in 1927) bleachers were removed from left field and a second deck was added to the left side of the stadium. At some point in the mid-twenties, no later than 1925, a large scoreboard was added in center field. In 1928 the second deck was completed on the right side, bringing the total capacity up to 40,000. For the 1929, 1932, and 1935 World Series, extra temporary bleacher sections extending over the street were added in right and left field.
Wrigley Field assumed its more-or-less final form in 1938, as the exquisite tapered bleachers with the ivy-covered walls were added, along with the trademark scoreboard that towers above center field at the corner of Waveland and Sheffield. That scoreboard still operates manually, just as it did in 1938. The 400 foot "center field" marker is aligned with the scoreboard, and is about 25 feet right of dead center field, which is actually about 395 feet from home plate. In addition, the far end of the left field lower deck was rebuilt about that time, so that the seats out there pointed toward the infield rather than toward center field. The same modification was made to the far end of the right field lower deck several years later. (The "1938" diagram above actually represents the early 1950s.) For many years there was a triangular gap between the upper and lower sections of the lower deck in the right field corner, apparently an entryway for vehicles.
Even though the distances to the right and left field corners are above average, Wrigley's peculiar bleacher configuration makes for rather short distances in the power alleys. Depending on the wind (which can blow hard either in from Lake Michigan or out toward it), this can be a very friendly place for power hitters such as Sammy Sosa, who sadly fell out of favor with Chicago fans during the 2004 season and got traded to Baltimore. Wrigley Field's only real "shortcoming" (from my point of view) is the fact that the field layout is rather symmetrical, at least in terms of the marked distances. In contrast, foul territory is quite asymmetrical, with more room on the first base side than on the third base side.
CINEMA: Parts of Angels in the Outfield (the 1951 original version) were filmed in Wrigley Field, as was a scene from the movie A League of Their Own (1992). Film clips from real football games were used in Brian's Song (1971). Wrigley Field also appeared in It Happens Every Spring, The Blues Brothers, Rookie of the Year, Mr. 3000, The Babe, Ferris Bueller's Day Off, and one episode of NBC's drama ER.
The Cubs being steeped in ancient tradition, there were no night games at Wrigley Field until August 1988. Lights had originally been planned for the 1942 season, but then Pearl Harbor changed everything. Opposition from neighborhood residents played a part in delaying the advent of night games, but the Iron Law of economic necessity could not be ignored forever. In 1989 a small mezzanine section with private boxes for wealthy patrons was added. One of the Cubs' latter-day hallowed traditions was broadcaster Harry Caray, known for his huge eyeglasses and big voice. He died in 1998, and the whole city mourned... One small blemish in this fine ballpark is that the exterior of the grandstand along the left and right sides looks a little worn, with rust on the screens and structural beams.
Prior to the 2004 season, three rows of box seats were added between the dugouts, and in 2005 a few rows of seats were added between the visitor's dugout (first base side) and the bullpen. Prior to the 2006 season, the Cubs completely rebuilt and expanded the bleachers, raising the seating capacity by nearly two thousand. This annoyed the neighborhood fans ("freeloaders"?) who over the years got carried away building permanent rooftop bleacher sections across the street. This took to an extreme degree what penny-pinching fans did at Shibe Park in the 1930s, and the Cubs tried to negotiate a deal to at least recoup some of the lost revenue. The expanded bleachers hung over the adjoining sidewalks, like the temporary bleachers built during the World Series of 1929, 1932, and 1935.
But wait, there was more! Further enhancements have been made in the past couple years, including a new video board that was installed above the wall in the right field corner prior to the 2012 season. In addition, the seating rows in that corner were replaced by a new terraced dining section. But the biggest change took place in 2015, with another complete overhaul of the bleachers and a second, even bigger video board in left center field. The bleachers in the "power alleys" now have twenty rows rather than sixteen rows, as was the case from 2006 until 2014. Besides diminishing the historic character of "The Friendly Confines," the view from the rooftops across Waveland and Sheffield is now severely obstructed, sparking another round of legal disputes. Construction of this latest renovation was finished in June 2015. It may have helped the team, as the Cubs made it all the way to the National League Championship Series for the first time since 2003! Within another year or two, the bullpens are expected to be moved under the bleachers in the right and left field corners. In any case, the civic love affair between the Cubs and Chicago lives on, as everyone agrees on the inestimable value of this shrine to the National Pastime. The Cubs' wise choise in preserving Wrigley Field may have influenced the Boston Red Sox to follow suit in preserving Fenway Park, but the teams in New York did not follow suit.
For some odd reason, the Chicago Bears played their home games at Wrigley Field for several decades, even though the much-bigger and more appropriate Soldier Field was available downtown. The Bears finally moved there in 1971. The football gridiron just barely fit Wrigley Field, and one corner of the end zone actually extended into the visitor's (right side) dugout!
SOURCES: Spink (1947); Kahn (1954); Lowry (1992); Gershman (1993); USA Today / Fodor's (1996); Ronald M. Selter, Ballparks of the Deadball Era (2008); William Hartel, A Day at the Park: In Celebration of Wrigley Field (foreword by George Will), Sagamore Publishers, 1994.
WEB LINK: Bleed Cubbie Blue, Dan O'Brien's photo blog
FAN TIPS: Jonathan Dobson
RESEARCH ASSISTANCE: Bruce Orser (Special thanks!)


Over the last two or three years I've become more interested in pure web / HTTP development. With the development of
ESRI's web apis and cloud-based GIS travel across the internet has become even more prevalent in GIS. I learned about
RESTful web design and Model-View-Controller communication, even Javascript Object Notation in the process
of rewriting the City and County of Honolulu's Web ADF ArcObjects modules into a Server Object Extension
and then communicating with it from Javascript and Silverlight API-based versions of the SWAPP. After being somewhat
hesitant about the cloud in general I've come around to the entire idea after taking advantage of Amazon's
first-year free subscription. Cross domain sharing is something else as a developer I've become accustomed to.


+++ title = "Garth" slug = "garth" date = 2007-10-24T10:00:00+10:00 tags = ["eccentric-encounters", "tourguides", "studying"] locations = ["england/oxford"] draft = false summary = """
Garth is a colleague of my Uncle Paul, who's just started doing a Master's in Economic and Social History at Oxford. Paul was kind enough to let Garth know about me, and Garth was kind enough to take me on a tour around Oxford university today. Garth's a great guy, and he has a lot of ambition — I guess that makes Oxford the perfect place for him to be.
""" +++Garth is a colleague of my Uncle Paul, who's just started doing a Master's in Economic and Social History at Oxford. Paul was kind enough to let Garth know about me, and Garth was kind enough to take me on a tour around Oxford university today. Garth's a great guy, and he has a lot of ambition — I guess that makes Oxford the perfect place for him to be.


Containers Everywhere
Have you ever asked yourself how does the coffee or tea that you are drinking get to your table? Your coffee, your laptop, and your mobile phone were all, for sure, shipped in a container. Containers carry a large percentage of the goods that impact our daily lives. We can not understand globalization without referring to containers. The importance of these steel boxes is undeniable.
- 95% of the world’s cargo is currently moved by ship.
- 97% of all containers are made in China.
- 50% of all containers are owned by shipping lines. The other 50% is leased running from one to ten years.
- Containers can last up to 20 years or more.
- A regular container can hold up to 8,000 shoe boxes.
- Between 2,000 and 10,000 containers get lost in the sea every year after falling off of the ships carrying them.
- Between 5 million and 170 million shipping containers are currently belonging to our global container fleet.
- The shipping industry has spent more than $ 236 billion on the purchase of new vessels to increase container transportation.


My name is Ahmed Benbrahim, A student at Fanshawe College taking Interactive Media Design Program. This website is my final project for the first semester. It compiles all the knowledge I acquired during the first semester. Here, I will showcase some of my projects.


PS2PDFWR(1) Ghostscript PS2PDFWR(1) NAME ps2pdfwr - Convert PostScript to PDF without specifying Compatibil‐ ityLevel, using ghostscript SYNOPSIS ps2pdfwr [options...] {input.[e]ps|-} [output.pdf|-] DESCRIPTION This wrapper script invokes gs(1) with following arguments -q -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite as well as the appropriate -dOutputFile argument, all preceded and fol‐ lowed by any command-line arguments. Finally, the security option -dSAFER is prepended before all the other options. The version-specific ps2pdf scripts all invoke this one with the addition of the respective compatibility level option. SEE ALSO gs(1), ps2pdf(1) VERSION This document was last revised for Ghostscript version 9.05. AUTHOR Artifex Software, Inc. are the primary maintainers of Ghostscript. This manpage by George Ferguson. 9.05 8 February 2012 PS2PDFWR(1)


Try out our Premium Member services: Virtual Legal Assistant, Query Alert Service and an ad-free experience. Free for one month and pay only if you like it.
ITA No.277 of 2004 [1] IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH ITA No.277 of 2004 Pronounced on:15th November, 2013 Commissioner of Income Tax-I, Ludhiana ..... Appellant VERSUS M/s Shreyans Industries Ltd., Ludhiana ..... Respondent CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE RAJIVE BHALLA HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE DR. BHARAT BHUSHAN PARSOON Present: Mr.Rajesh Katoch, Advocate, for the appellant. Mr.O.P.Goel, Senior Advocate, with Mr.R.S.Mandher, Advocate, for the respondent. ******* RAJIVE BHALLA, J.
By way of this order, we shall dispose of ITAs No.277 of 2004 and 215 of 2007 as they involve adjudication of the same questions of fact and law. For the sake of convenience, facts are being taken from ITA No.277 of 2007.
The revenue has filed an appeal to challenge orders passed by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Chandigarh Bench (B), and the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals), Ludhiana, holding that expenditure incurred by the assessee in excavating a drain to discharge effluents, is revenue in nature.
ITA No.277 of 2004 [2] The assessee runs a paper mill at Ahmedgarh, District Sangrur, and, therefore, discharges effluents. During the previous year relevant to the assessment year 1996-97, the assessee applied to the Pollution Control Board and the Forest Department, for permission to discharge effluents into the Tallewal drain. The Department of Environment and Forest vide letter dated 11.09.1995, prepared a proposal to allow excavation of an open drain, through forest land, to enable the assessee to discharge effluents into the Tallewal drain, subject to the following conditions: -
1. Mutation of equivalent 4.063 hec. of non-forest land identified by user agency, in which plantation has already been done, should be done in favour of State Forest Department.
2. Plantation scheme may be submitted for raising plantation on both sides of the proposed open drain for entire length, the user agency will deposit the cost of plantation and its maintenance in favour of State Forest Department.
3. Maintenance cost of plantation, as determined by Forest Deptt., already raised on non-forest land given for compensatory afforestation may be deposited with St. Forest Department.
After receipt of compliance report on the fulfillment of the above- mentioned conditions, from the State Government, formal approval will be issued in this regard under Section-2 of Forest (Cons) Act, 1980. Transfer of forest land to user agency shall not be affected by State Government till formal order approving diversion of forest land and issued by this office."
Thereafter, vide letter dated 06.11.1995, the Financial Commissioner-cum-Secretary (Forests), Government of Punjab, ITA No.277 of 2004 [3] Department of Forests & Wildlife, Civil Secretariat, Chandigarh, granted approval, in the following terms: -
"After careful consideration of this proposal, formal approval is hereby accorded under F(c) Act, 1980 for use of 4.063 hect. of forest land for the open drain to carry effluent of M/s Shreyans Industries Ltd., from these mills to Tallewal drain, Forest Division, District Sangrur, subject to fulfillment of following conditions: -
1. Legal Status and ownership of the forest land will remain unchanged.
2. Forest Department shall raise compensatory afforestation on both sides of drain having tree growth with an amount of Rs.1.62 lacs which is registered to have been received from the user agency for raising and maintenance of plantation.
3. Forest land will be used only for purpose it is being permitted to use.
4. Competent authority reserves the right to add/alter any of the conditions in future.
5. Open drain, if required, will have to be lined to avoid any seepage/leakage of effluent in due course of time.
6. Effluent discharged by the industry into the channel shall be checked regularly by State Pollution Control Board so that it remains within the permissible limit and action be taken by them in case of default under intimation to this office.
7. The land given in lieu of forest land diverted should be declared as protected forest reserved forest.
Breach of any of the conditions will lead to withdrawal of the permission. Forest department, the DFO Sangrur will ensure proper fulfillment of these conditions."
ITA No.277 of 2004 [4] A perusal of the approval reveals that the assessee was allowed to excavate a drain through forest land. The legal status and ownership of forest land remained unchanged. The assessee was to pay Rs.1.62 lacs to the Forest Department for raising compensatory afforestation on both sides of drain. The forest land can only be used for the purpose for it is being permitted. The drain if required, is to be lined to avoid any seepage/leakage of effluent and land transferred in lieu of the forest land was to be declared a protected forest/reserved land.
The assessee filed a return of income, for assessment year 1996-97. The return was processed under Section 143(1)(a) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (hereinafter referred to as the 'Act') and thereafter selected for scrutiny. After issuance of notices under Sections 143(2) and 142(1) of the Act, alongwith a detailed questionnaire particularly with respect to the expenditure incurred, for excavating the drain the Assessing Officer after referring to a large number of judgments recorded a finding that by constructing the drain, a benefit of enduring nature has accrued to the assessee and, therefore, Rs.70,79,862/- incurred as expenditure to excavate the drain has to be treated as capital expenditure.
The assessee filed an appeal before the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals), Ludhiana, urging that as land diverted by the Forest Department for allowing discharge of effluents into the Tallewal drain continues to belong to Forest Department, the mere fact that the assessee has transferred land in favour of the Forest Department, or that the assessee ITA No.277 of 2004 [5] is allowed to use the land, cannot raise an inference that expenditure incurred to excavate the drain is capital expenditure. The Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals), reversed the order passed by the Assessing Officer by holding that the expenditure is revenue in nature. A relevant extract from the order, reads as follows: -
"6. The matter has been considered by me. It is an uncontroverted fact that the appellant had to somehow find a way to discharge its affluent in the Tallewaal drain and the only way to do so was construction of a drain through the forest department's land. The construction of the drain was carried out by the appellant and the documents relating to this show that even though the drain was being used by the appellant there were no exclusive rights which were given to the appellant. In fact the agreement is silent on the exclusive rights with the appellant. It is another matter that there is no other factory which existed in the vicinity which can make use of this drain.
Therefore, just because the appellant is making use of the drain would not make it a capital asset of the company. The AO's objection that cases relied upon can be distinguished as in those cases only contribution had been made by various assessees for carrying out capital work would not be material to the issue. Whether the assessee carries out the work himself or whether it makes contribution to another agency would not be vary material and what has to be seen is whether any capital asset of an enduring nature had come into existence. In the case of the appellant, no such capital asset had come into existence as it cannot claim any proprietorship rights over the drain. I am also inclined to accept the plea of the appellant that the drain being KACHA in nature that is, mainly the side and base being of mud only requires extensive maintenance for its up-keep and did not constitute any capital asset. However this is not very material to the issue. The fact remains that the appellant's claim would be covered by the judicial pronouncements relied upon by the appellant ITA No.277 of 2004 [6] which are narrated above. Hence it is held that the appellant would be entitled to relief of Rs.70,79,862/-."
A perusal of above extract reveals that the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals), Ludhiana, has essentially held that a capital asset of enduring nature has not come into existence and though the drain is being used by the assessee, it does not have any exclusive rights to the drain.
Aggrieved by this order, the revenue filed an appeal. The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Chandigarh Bench (B), dismissed the appeal by holding as follows: -
"17.... Thus, we are of the opinion that by incurring an expenditure on the construction of drain on the forest land, the assessee has neither acquired any capital asset nor benefit of enduring nature in the commercial sense. The fact that assessee was allowed exclusive use of land for discharge of effluents was immaterial as the assessee can use such land only for a limited purpose. It is also not relevant whether the benefit for using the drain for discharge of effluents was to run for a number of years or for a short period. The expenditure incurred has neither increased the profitability of the assessee not its production. The expenditure so incurred was necessarily for the purpose of its business and is allowable as revenue expenditure. We, therefore, confirm the order of Ld. CIT(A) and dismiss this ground of appeal of the revenue."
A perusal of the aforesaid findings reveals that the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, has held that as expenditure was incurred by the assessee for its business, the fact that the assessee has exclusive use of the drain and has transferred private land does not bring a capital asset of enduring nature into existence. The expense incurred on excavating the drain is, therefore, revenue in nature.
ITA No.277 of 2004 [7] The revenue filed ITA No.277 of 2004, which was allowed in favour of the revenue by holding that the expenditure is capital in nature. The assessee filed Civil Appeal No.5855 of 2008, which was allowed by the Hon'ble Supreme Court, on 08.11.2006 by holding that the basic question which the High Court was required to answer was "whether the assessee had acquired assets of enduring benefit?", which is required to be answered after examining terms and conditions on which the department had permitted the assessee to construct an open drain which runs approximately fourteen kilometers through forest land etc. The matter was remitted to the High Court for adjudication afresh. The appeal was admitted on 06.04.2010 after framing the following substantial questions of law: -
"I. Whether on the facts and circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in law in allowing the expenditure of Rs.70,79,862/- incurred by the assessee under the head 'Building Account', for the construction of drainage for disposal of effluents by treating the same as Revenue Expenditure, while ignoring the fact that the assessee had acquired an asset of enduring benefit in nature and enjoys exclusive rights for the usage of the same?
II. Whether on the facts and circumstances of the case, the Tribunal was justified in law in allowing the expenditure of Rs.70,79,862/-
incurred by the assessee under the head 'Building Account', for the construction of drainage for disposal of effluents by treating the same as Revenue Expenditure, while ignoring the fact that the Forest Department had permitted the assessee to construct and use the drain viz. Compensatory aforestation with an amount of Rs.1.62 lacs and lining of the open drain to avoid seepage/leakage of effluent (is an ITA No.277 of 2004 [8] essential pre-condition for the assessee to own the drain as a tangible asset) enduring in nature and for the usage of which the assessee enjoys exclusive rights?"
ITA No.215 of 2007 was ordered to be heard alongwith this appeal.
Counsel for the revenue submits that the assessee has admittedly constructed a drain to discharge effluents into the Tallewal drain and has shown expenditure in the building account. The terms and conditions of the approval granted for diversion of forest land reveals that the assessee has been granted unhindered access and exclusive use of forest land. In lieu thereof, the assessee has transferred land to the Forest Department. The mere fact that the transfer is not absolute or does not refer to any time frame, or does not transfer proprietary rights, is irrelevant. The assessee has incurred expense for excavating a fourteen kilometer long drain, a capital asset. The fact that the drain may be necessary for the assessee's business, is irrelevant as the assessee has created a capital asset of enduring nature that would enable the assessee to discharge effluents into the Tallewal drain, during each subsequent assessment year. The fact that discharge of effluents is necessary for the assessee's business, does not detract from the fact that the assessee has created an asset that would confer benefit of an enduring nature. It is further submitted that though the approval does not record that land is to be exclusively used by the appellant but as no-one else has been granted permission to use forest land.
ITA No.277 of 2004 [9] The land is used as a drain by the assessee alone. The fact that land has
not been transferred to the respondent, is irrelevant as the nature of the approval coupled with the admitted excavation of the drain clearly indicates that a benefit of enduring nature has been brought into existence. It is further submitted that ownership or title is irrelevant while considering the controversy as what is of significance is whether the assessee has been conferred benefit of an enduring nature. Counsel for the revenue places reliance upon the following judgments: -
1. Commissioner of Income Tax V/s Gwalior Rayon Silk Manufacturing Co. Ltd., (1992) 196 ITR 149 (SC);
2. Commissioner of Income Tax V/s Glen View Rubber Co. (P) Ltd., (2007) 291 ITR 1 (Ker) (FB);
3. Commissioner of Income Tax V/s T.C.C., Ltd., (1973) 87 ITR 66 (KER);
4. United Commercial Corporation V/s Commissioner of Income Tax, (1970) 78 ITR 800 (ALL);
5. Gobind Sugar Mills Ltd. V/s Commissioner of Income Tax, (1998) 232 ITR 319 (SC);
6. Travancore Cochin Chemicals Ltd. V/s Commissioner of Income Tax, (1977) 106 ITR 900 (SC).
Counsel for the assessee/respondent submits that the land provided for excavating the drain continues to vest in the Forest Department. The appellant has not been conferred proprietary rights and is merely allowed to use the land to excavate a drain for discharge of effluents. The discharge of effluents is integral to the appellant's business, thereby clearly proving the revenue nature of the expenditure. The control of the Forest Department is established by the fact that it has charged ITA No.277 of 2004 [ 10 ] money for plantation and maintenance of the embankment, thereby clearly indicating that ownership and control of the land continues to vest in the State of Punjab with a mere right of user being conferred upon the assessee. In the absence of any proprietary rights or any right to use the drain for any other purpose, the expenditure which is necessary for the business of the assessee is a revenue expenditure. It is further submitted that as approval can be withdrawn at any time, the assessee does not possess exclusive rights of user. The mere fact that no other factory is located in the vicinity, cannot raise an inference that the expenditure incurred is capital in nature. The fact that a drain has been excavated, would not raise an inference that a benefit of enduring nature has been conferred upon the appellant. Counsel for the assessee relies upon the following judgments: -
1. Empire Jute Co. Ltd. V/s Commissioner of Income-Tax, 124 ITR 1;
2. Commissioner of Income-Tax, Bihar & Orissa V/s Kirkend Coal Company, 60 ITR 537;
3. Commissioner of Income-Tax, A.P.-I V/s Singareni Collieries Co. Ltd.; 121 ITR 466
4. Commissioner of Income-Tax, Bombay City-I V/s Associated Cement Companies Ltd., 172, ITR 257;
5. Commissioner of Income-Tax V/s Makhan Sarmah Savapandit, 180 ITR 35;
6. L.K.Sugar Factory and Oil Mills (P) Ltd. V/s Commissioner of Income- Tax, UP, 125, ITR 293;
7. Alembic Chemical Works Co. Ltd. V/s Commissioner of Income-Tax, Gujarat, 177 ITR 377;
8. Commissioner of Income-Tax V/s Lake Palace Hotels and Motels P. Ltd., 258, ITR 562;
ITA No.277 of 2004 [ 11 ]
9. Commissioner of Income-Tax, Bombay City-I V/s Hingir Rampur Coal Co. Ltd., 140 ITR 73;
10.Commissioner of Income-Tax, West Bengal I V/s Belgachi Tea Co. Ltd., 99 ITR 99;
11.Commissioner of Income-Tax V/s Bombay Dyeing and Manufacturing Co. Ltd., 219, ITR 521;
12.Bikaner Gypsums Ltd. Versus Commissioner of Income Tax, 187 ITR 39
13.Commissioner of Income-Tax, Baroda V/s Navsari Cotton & Silk Mills Ltd., 135 ITR 546; and
14.Commissioner of Income-Tax V/s Jayendrakumar Hiralala, 327 ITR
147. We have heard counsel for the parties perused the impugned orders, relevant statutory provisions and judgments pressed into service for and against arguments advanced by counsel for the parties.
The question that lies at the base of this controversy and would answer the substantial questions of law is nature of the benefit derived by the assessee by constructing a fourteen kilometer long drain for discharge of effluents. The question has to be answered in the context of rights conferred upon the assessee by the permission granted to use forest land, the nature of its business, the nature of the asset created, the relation between the assessee's business and the asset and the nature of the benefit derived by the assessee.
The question posed namely whether expenditure is "capital" or "revenue" is a question that has vexed Courts and tax authorities alike but in our endeavour to search for certainty and curtail discretion we tend to ITA No.277 of 2004 [ 12 ] look for cast iron tests and infallible formulate, a course fraught with danger of missing out a crucial factor peculiar to a case or curtailing the exercise of bonafide discretion. The fine line that separates capital from revenue expenditure is extremely porous as depending upon the facts and circumstances of a case, an expenditure which may appear to be revenue in one case may validly be held to be capital in another.
The factors and tests enumerated in judicial precedents, are not exhaustive but merely illustrative of what may or may not be relevant in determining whether an expense is revenue or capital. No single precedent or factor would fully answer the question whether an expenditure is revenue or capital. A bundle of factors coupled with the peculiar facts of each case that would necessarily be determinative of whether expenditure is capital or revenue. To place the mode and manner of determining whether an expenditure is "revenue" or "capital" into a straight jacket formula is well nigh impossible.
Before we record our final opinion, it would be necessary to quote a paragraph from a judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court i.e. "Alembic Chemical Works Ltd." case (supra), so as to place the predicament faced while determining whether expenditure is revenue or capital: -
"In the infinite variety of situational diversities in which the concept of what is capital expenditure and what is revenue arises, it is well nigh impossible to formulate any general rule, even in the generality ITA No.277 of 2004 [ 13 ] of cases, sufficiently accurate and reasonably comprehensive, to draw any clear line of demarcation. However, some broad and general tests have been suggested form time to time to ascertain on which side of the line the outlay in any particular case might reasonably be held to fall. These tests are generally efficacious and serve as useful servants; but as masters they tend to be over exacting."
In order to solve this riddle, whether an expense is revenue or capital, it would be necessary to peruse relevant precedents so as to ascertain whether any binding principle has been set down for determining whether an expenditure is capital or revenue. A judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court, in "Assam Bengal Cement V/s Commissioner of Income Tax", 1955 (27) ITR 34 (SC), may throw some light on this controversy as it lays down a test to determine whether expenditure is capital or revenue, in the following terms: -
".....The question however arises for consideration where expenditure is incurred while the business is going on and is not incurred either by extension of the business or for the substantial replacement of its equipment. Such expenditure can be looked at either from the point of view of what is acquired or from the point of view of what is the source from which the expenditure is incurred. If the expenditure is made for acquiring or bringing into existence an asset or advantage for the enduring benefit of the business it is properly attributable to capital and is of the nature of capital expenditure. If on the other hand it is made not for the purpose of bringing into existence any such asset or advantage but for running the business or working it with a view to produce the profits it is a revenue expenditure. If any such asset or advantage for the enduring benefit of the business is thus acquired or brought into existence it would be immaterial whether the source of the payment was the capital or the income of ITA No.277 of 2004 [ 14 ] the concern or whether the payment was made once and for all or was made periodically. The aim and object of the expenditure would determine the character of the expenditure whether it is a capital expenditure or a revenue expenditure. The source or the manner of the payment would then of non consequence."
In J.K.Cotton Manufactures Ltd. V/s Commissioner of Income Tax, Lucknow, (1975) 101 ITR 221, while considering this issue, the Hon'ble Supreme Court held as follows: -
"Several tests that have been evolved over the years by this Court as also the other High Courts may be briefly formulated as follows: -
(1) Bringing into existence an asset or advantage of enduring nature would lead to the inference that the expenditure disbursed is of a capital nature. These terms, such as "asset" or "advantage of enduring nature" are, however, purely descriptive rather than definitive and no rule of universal application can be laid down. Ultimately, the question will have to depend on the facts and circumstances of each case, namely, quality and quantum of the amount, the position of the parties, the object of the transaction which has impact on the business, the nature of trade for which the expenditure is incurred and the purpose thereof, etc. (2) An item of disbursement may be regarded as of a capital nature when it is relatable to a fixed asset or capital, whereas the circulating capital or stock-in-trade would be treated as revenue receipt. Lord Haldane in John Smith & Son V. Moore, (1921) 12 TC 266 (HL) has aptly and adroitly explained the terms "fixed capital" and "circulating capital" thus:
Fixed capital is what the assessee turns into profit by keeping it in his own possession and circulating capital is what he make profit of by parting with it and letting it change masters."
(3) Expenditure relating to framework of business is generally capital expenditure."
ITA No.277 of 2004 [ 15 ] Thus, while considering whether a particular expenditure is capital or revenue in nature, we venture to hold that one would have to consider (a) the nature of the business (b) the relationship of the asset bears to the assessee's business (c) the nature and extent of expenditure (d) the rights available to the assessee viz. the asset so created (e) the ownership of the asset (f) whether the asset has resulted in an enduring benefit to the assessee (g) the amount of expenditure incurred by the assessee, and (h) whether the asset so created has relation to the profits of business, keeping in mind that these factors are merely illustrative and not exhaustive, and no one factor is conclusive or determinative of the nature of the expense.
A perusal of these factors and other precedents, cited by counsel for the parties reveal that a test generally applied while determining whether expenditure is capital or revenue, succinctly put, is if the expenditure leads to acquiring or bringing into existence an asset or an advantage of an enduring benefit to the business, it would be capital but if the expenditure is to the contrary, it would be revenue expenditure. But this test alone may also not be sufficient.
We proceed to apply these factors and determine the nature of the expense. The terms and conditions of the approval granted to the assessee reveal that the assessee is allowed to excavate a drain through forest land and in return is required to transfer non-forest land by getting a mutation sanctioned in favour of the Forest Department. The land transferred to the Forest Department would then be declared as a protected ITA No.277 of 2004 [ 16 ] forest. The land provided for excavation of the drain would continue to vest in the Forest Department and can only be used for discharge of effluents. The Forest Department shall raise compensatory afforestation on both sides of drain with an amount of Rs.1.62 lacs to be paid by the assessee. The approval can be withdrawn if the assessee is in breach of any of the conditions. The assessee, in essence, is entitled to unhindered and absolute use of the land for excavating a drain to discharge effluents from its factory. The approval, however, does not transfer proprietary rights to the assessee but transfers in its entirety possessory rights and though it limits user for the purpose of discharge of effluents, does not contain any clause that enables the State to interfere in the user of the land, till such time as the assessee continues to comply with terms and conditions of the approval. The assessee, thus, has complete and exclusive control of the land for the purpose of discharging effluents. The assessee has, admittedly, excavated a drain though on land given to it by the State which will be used by the assessee from year to year. The question whether the expenditure is capital or revenue, would have to be determined on the touchstone of whether excavation of the drain has conferred benefit of an enduring nature.
The discharge of treated water within permissible level of effluents is a statutory obligation required to be fulfilled by the assessee in accordance with parameters set out by the Punjab Pollution Control Board. The assessee has been allowed to excavate the drain through forest land in ITA No.277 of 2004 [ 17 ] order to meet these parameters. Failure of the assessee to provide for a suitable means of discharge of effluents would necessarily result in the shutting down of its factory for violation of provisions of the statue, rules, regulations and norms framed by the Pollution Control Board. The expense incurred by the assessee has brought into existence a capital asset which the assessee shall use from year to year for discharge of effluents and would, therefore, enure to the benefit of the assessee from year to year. A Full Bench of the Kerala High Court, while considering a case where an assessee was statutorily obliged to set up a water pollution treatment plant, has held in "Commissioner of Income Tax V/s Glen View Rubber Co. (P) Ltd., (2007) 291, ITR 1, held that a water treatment plant when installed in compliance with statutory requirements, confers an enduring advantage upon the assessee and as the advantage so conferred would enure for all succeeding assessment orders, expenditure incurred on its operation and maintenance may be revenue but expenditure spent on installation of the plant confers benefit of an enduring nature and is, therefore, capital expenditure. A relevant extract reads as follows: -
"7. We are of the view, when water treatment plant is installed permanently in compliance with the statutory requirement, the same would attain the character of capital expenditure. Installation of water treatment plant of the permanent nature has come into existence with enduring advantage to the assessee. Water treatment plant is a chargeable asset installed to prevent pollution. The question as to whether by installation of this plant, production of centrifuged latex has been increased or not is immaterial.
Failure to comply with the statutory requirements of installation of water treatment plant would lead to closure of the factor and hence there is no ITA No.277 of 2004 [ 18 ] question of any increase in the manufacture or production in the plant. The water treatment plant installed by the assessee consists of various chambers namely equalisation tank, primary settling tank, mixing channel, aeration tank, secondary settling tank and drying bed. The plant installed is a permanent tangible asset of enduring advantage to the assessee, of a free pollution-free atmosphere and environment. Benefit/advantage deprived by the assessee is not only for the year under consideration but for all succeeding assessment years. Expenditure spent for its operating and maintenance costs may be revenue, but the expenditure spent for installation of plant which is of an enduring nature is always capital." We are inclined to concur with the ratio laid down in the aforesaid judgment as any expenditure incurred in complying with statutory requirements particularly where the asset concerned would enure to the benefit of the assessee from year to year, would necessarily be an asset of enduring nature and, therefore, categorised as capital expenditure. The mere fact that the land is not owned by the assessee, is irrelevant as by excavating the drain through forest land on the basis of approval granted by the Forest Department, the assessee has been able to overcome statutory requirements for release of effluents as prescribed under the Pollution Control Act, the rules and notifications etc. issued thereunder, thereby conferring benefit of an enduring nature that would be available to the assessee from year to year. The fact that the assessee has transferred land to the forest department or has paid money for compensatory forestry does not denude the assessee's rights vis-a-vis the asset created.
A perusal of the approval granted to the assessee, consideration of the nature of the expense incurred and the statutory obligations for ITA No.277 of 2004 [ 19 ] discharge of effluents, in our considered opinion, leave no ambiguity that expense incurred upon construction of the drain for release of effluents have conferred benefit of an enduring nature upon the assessee. We, therefore, answer this question in favour of the revenue and against the appellant.
The second question need not detain us for long as even otherwise, it was answered by the Division Bench in its earlier judgments. It was not interfered by the Hon'ble Supreme Court. The second question was answered in the following terms: -
"The Tribunal has recorded following finding on this aspect: -
"23. We have heard both the parties and carefully considered the rival submissions with reference to facts, evidence and material on record. It is a fact that the assessee had offered gross amount of interest including TDS of Rs.2,04,259/- to tax in the Assessment year 1992-
93. It is also a fact that the assessee was not allowed credit for the TDS of Rs.2,04,259/- for want of TDS Certificates. It is also a fact that inspite of best efforts, the assessee could not obtain TDS certificates. Thus, it was a case of loss which has arisen to the assessee during the course of its business. In the case of Sutlej Cotton Mills Limited v. CIT (Supra), Hon'ble Supreme Court has held that what is material is the factors or the circumstances which cause loss and the true nature and character of loss. If the loss occurred during the course of carrying on the business, it is incidental to it and hence allowable.
Admittedly, in this case, the assessee suffered loss during the course of carrying on its business.
Therefore, same is allowable. Judgment of Hon'ble ITA No.277 of 2004 [ 20 ] Supreme Court in the case of Sutlej Cotton Mills Limited v. CIT supports the case of the assessee. We do not find any infirmity in the order of Ld. CIT(A). Same is upheld and this ground of appeal of the revenue is dismissed."
In view of the findings of the Tribunal, the assessee having suffered loss, the expenditure had to be allowed as revenue expenditure.
The question is, thus, answered against the revenue and in favour of the assessee."
We find no reason to differ with the opinion recorded by the Tribunal as the assessee having suffered a loss, the expenditure has to be allowed as revenue expenditure. Having answered the questions, the appeals are disposed of in terms thereof.
[ RAJIVE BHALLA ] JUDGE 15th November, 2013 [ DR. BHARAT BHUSHAN PARSOON ] shamsher JUDGE Singh Shemsher 2013.12.13 16:32 I attest to the accuracy and integrity of this document Chandigarh


As a proactive and decisive software developer, I infuse every project with boundless energy and unwavering enthusiasm. With a passion for innovation and a commitment to excellence, I am always seeking out new challenges and pushing the limits of what is possible.
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MongoDB, Express, React, Node, ReduxA house marketplace application where users can discover houses for sale and rent, view those with special offers, easily sign up and log in with their Google accounts, and list their own rental or sale properties.
React, Firebase, Google Geocode APIA React CRUD app that allows users to add, update and delete feedbacks using Firebase as backend. Users also can see their feedback on their profile.
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JavaScript, Node.js, Express.js, MongoDB, Mapbox APIA platform that provides instant search to application reviews of IOS apps made on the App store by sending notifications to a designated Slack channel whenever a new review comes in.
Ruby, Ruby on Rails, JavaScript, PostgreSQL, Bootstrap


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|
| template<std::size_t Ranks = 1> |
| Dimensions< IndexType, Rank+Ranks > | promote () const |
| | A constant method that returns a copy of the instance with n additional ranks prepended to it. More...
|
| |
| template<std::size_t Ranks = 1> |
| Dimensions< IndexType, Rank - Ranks > | demote () const |
| | A constant method that returns a copy of the instance without the n most-significant ranks. More...
|
| |
| template<std::size_t Ranks = 1> |
| Dimensions< IndexType, Rank+Ranks > | extend () const |
| | A constant method that returns a copy of the instance with n ranks appended to it. More...
|
| |
| template<std::size_t Ranks = 1> |
| Dimensions< IndexType, Rank - Ranks > | contract () const |
| | A constant method that returns a copy of the instance without the n least-significant ranks. More...
|
| |
| IndexType | operator() (std::size_t i) const |
| | A simple constant method that returns a copy of the numeral representing the number of dimensions along a given rank. More...
|
| |
| IndexType & | operator() (std::size_t i) |
| | A that returns a non-constant reference to the numeral representing the number of dimensions along a given rank. More...
|
| |
|
| operator std::array< IndexType, Rank > () const |
| | A constant conversion operator that returns an array with the contents of the instance.
|
| |
| IndexType | operator() (std::size_t i) const |
| | Evaluates the expression along the given rank. More...
|
| |
| IndexType | get_volume () const |
| | A constant method the returns the volume of the expression. More...
|
| |
| Dimensions< IndexType, Rank > | eval () |
| | A method for forcing the evaluation of the expression. More...
|
| |
| std::string | to_string () const |
| | It evaluates the expression and returns a string containing the results. More...
|
| |
| UnaryRankWiseDimExpression< IndexType, Rank, Self, SumOp< IndexType > > | add_along_rank (const IndexType &n, std::size_t rank) const |
| |
| BinaryRankWiseDimExpression< IndexType, Rank, Self, Other< OtherDerived >, SumOp< IndexType > > | add_along_rank (const Other< OtherDerived > &dims, std::size_t rank) const |
| |
| UnaryRankWiseDimExpression< IndexType, Rank, Self, SubOp< IndexType > > | subtract_along_rank (const IndexType &n, std::size_t rank) const |
| |
| BinaryRankWiseDimExpression< IndexType, Rank, Self, Other< OtherDerived >, SubOp< IndexType > > | subtract_along_rank (const Other< OtherDerived > &dims, std::size_t rank) const |
| |
| UnaryRankWiseDimExpression< IndexType, Rank, Self, MulOp< IndexType > > | multiply_along_rank (const IndexType &n, std::size_t rank) const |
| |
| UnaryRankWiseDimExpression< IndexType, Rank, Self, DivOp< IndexType > > | divide_along_rank (const IndexType &n, std::size_t rank) const |
| |
template<typename IndexType, std::size_t Rank>
class cattle::Dimensions< IndexType, Rank >
A class representing dimensions along one or more ranks.
It can describe the dimensionality of tensors of arbitrary ranks.


on
Reveal.js is a framework You'll need a browser with
support for CSS 3D transforms to see it's full capabilities.
for easily crafting
beautiful presentations
in HTML
In order to deploy and update your slideshow content on OpenShift you'll need to have:
git
RubyGems
rhc
command-line tool installed and available
in your development environment
A fresh slide deck can be created using OpenShift's rhc
commad-line tool, or through the OpenShift web console.
You can fire up your own copy of this presentation right from your browser using OpenShift's app launch workflow
Use the --from-code
option to specify your initial git source when launching your app.
The following command will spin up a fresh nodejs server along with the included project source, allowing you create your own slide deck in a single command:
rhc app create revealjs nodejs-0.10 --from-code=http://github.com/ryanj/reveal.js.git
That's it!
Your new Reveal.js deck should now be available via the URL printed in the previous command's output.
A live demo is available here:
slide-shifter.rhcloud.com
There is plenty of great information about using Reveal.js in the project's README page on GitHub.
Their original slide deck sample conent also contains a lot of great examples.
Start up a local development server with:
npm install
grunt serve
When you're ready to deploy your new slide content to your hosted environment, save your changes with git add
and git commit
:
git add index.html
git commit -m 'adding my own deck of Revealjs slides'
Then, deploy your changes to the cloud with:
git push
rhc tail revealjs
The Hosted plugin for Reveal.js will automatically generate a new random secret key,
and print sample configuration information to the log:
Tell OpenShift to save this broadcast token and publish it as an environment variable:
rhc env set REVEAL_SOCKET_SECRET=13970277424997223296 -a revealjs
rhc app restart revealjs
Then, configure your browser as a presentation device by loading the following URL:
http://revealjs-ryanj.rhcloud.com/?setToken=13970277424997223296
Use rhc tail revealjs
to fetch a fresh random secret key for your application, or make up your own keyphrase -
just be sure to use the same value on the server and in your presentation device.
After following the instructions in your server log,
and saving your secret key using rhc env set
,
your slide transitions will automatically be relayed out to any connected browsers!
Be sure to use two different devices or brower types when testing your broadcasting relay
(FireFox vs. Chrome, desktop vs. mobile, etc.)
Additional details on using the hosted
plugin for Reveal.js
are available in this post:
Broadcasting your slideshow presentations
with Socket.io and Reveal.js
Try it out! You can swipe through the slides and pinch your way to the overview.
You can select from different transitions, like:
Cube -
Page -
Concave -
Zoom -
Linear -
Fade -
None -
Default
Reveal.js comes with a few themes built in:
Default -
Sky -
Beige -
Simple -
Serif -
Night
Moon -
Solarized
* Theme demos are loaded after the presentation which leads to flicker. In production you should load your theme in the
using a <link>
.
Set data-state="something"
on a slide and "something"
will be added as a class to the document element when the slide is open.
Additionally custom events can be triggered on a per slide basis by binding to the data-state
name.
Reveal.addEventListener( 'customevent', function() {
console.log( '"customevent" has fired' );
} );
Set data-background="#007777"
on a slide to change the full page background to the given color. All CSS color formats are supported.

Pass reveal.js the backgroundTransition: 'slide'
config argument to make backgrounds slide rather than fade.
You can override background transitions per slide by using data-background-transition="slide"
.
These guys come in two forms, inline:
“The nice thing about standards is that there are so many to choose from”
and block:
“For years there has been a theory that millions of monkeys typing at random on millions of typewriters would reproduce the entire works of Shakespeare. The Internet has proven this theory to be untrue.”
function linkify( selector ) {
if( supports3DTransforms ) {
var nodes = document.querySelectorAll( selector );
for( var i = 0, len = nodes.length; i < len; i++ ) {
var node = nodes[i];
if( !node.className ) {
node.className += ' roll';
}
}
}
}
Courtesy of highlight.js.
You can link between slides internally, like this.
Hit the next arrow...
... to step through ...
any type
There's a few styles of fragments, like:
grow
shrink
roll-in
fade-out
highlight-red
highlight-green
highlight-blue
current-visible
highlight-current-blue
Presentations can be exported to PDF, below is an example that's been uploaded to SlideShare.
Press b or period on your keyboard to enter the 'paused' mode. This mode is helpful when you want to take distracting slides off the screen during a presentation.


Mechanical engineering is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and mathematics principles with materials science to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems.[1] It is one of the oldest and broadest of the engineering branches.
The mechanical engineering field requires an understanding of core areas including mechanics, dynamics, thermodynamics, materials science, structural analysis, and electricity. In addition to these core principles, mechanical engineers use tools such as computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and product lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices, weapons, and others. It is the branch of engineering that involves the design, production, and operation of machinery.
Mechanical engineering is a broad discipline that applies the principles of engineering to the design and construction of machines and their parts. The modern world comes with a lot of moving parts. From the way that a wall clock ticks away the hours to the spinning of car wheels on their axles, it takes many precise pieces and movements to keep things running smoothly. While it takes many hands and machines to put together something so complex as a car, those hands know what to do because of a mechanical engineer. Mechanical engineers work across a huge variety of industries conceptualizing, designing, and creating machines as well as their components. Though it is one of the oldest engineering disciplines, it is also one that continues to change and grow with advancements in technology making it a vibrant and exciting career path even to this day.WHY DOES THE WORLD NEED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING?
Though it may not be a discipline that most people spend time thinking about, mechanical engineering is critical to so many aspects of everyday life, from modern conveniences to basic understandings of science. Indeed, mechanical engineering is one of the oldest scientific disciplines and can be traced back centuries to the great thinkers of Ancient Greece like Archimedes. Contributions from these ancient engineers include chariots with differential gears, water clocks, and even a primitive steam engine. In 1206, one of the foundational books of mechanical engineering was written by Muslim inventor and engineer Al-Jazari, called Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices which included the beginnings of such important modern designs as the crankshaft. As scientific thinking continued to progress, mechanical engineering expanded to include more analytical thought, particularly with Sir Isaac Newton’s laws of motion, which were integral to continued engineering progress. In the U.S., the first three schools of mechanical engineering included the U.S. Military Academy, Norwich University, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, which were all in full operation by 1825. Ultimately, most things that we use today that involve any type of moving parts comes, at least in part, from the minds of mechanical engineers and that is unlikely to change any time soon. Even the development of more sophisticated electronics and other technologies will depend at least in part on mechanical engineers. That is why mechanical engineering is an interesting and essential area of concentration.

Mechanical engineering programs are fairly standardized across the U.S. thanks in part to the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Mechanical engineering undergraduate degrees typically begin with some foundational courses that are applicable across the spectrum of engineering programs, including calculus, physics, and basic introductory engineering courses. Once mechanical engineers begin to focus on their major, they can expect to find courses in design, manufacturing, mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials. Graduates of a master’s of engineering (ME) program should have both academic and lab experience in the various disciplines that apply directly to mechanical engineering. It is notable that a mechanical engineering degree offers a great degree of breadth, making it an attractive major for those students who know they want to study engineering but who are not quite sure where to focus. Mechanical engineers can begin their professional careers with a bachelor of science degree, but some students decide to pursue advanced learning through a master’s or a PhD level education. It is common for engineers to gain some experience with their bachelor’s degree and later go on to further their formal education to move forward in their careers.
BRANCHES OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Because mechanical engineering is a broad topic, there are many engineering specialties that can fit within its scope. Some of the most common mechanical engineering branches where graduating students could find careers include: Acoustical engineering: the manipulation and control of vibration in order to reduce unwanted noise
Manufacturing engineering: optimizing manufacturing techniques, developing processes as well as machines, tools, and equipment for the manufacture of goods Thermal engineering: creating and maintaining comfortable and safe environments through the control of heating and cooling systems Vehicle engineering: the design and manufacture of all manner of vehicles Aerospace engineering: vehicle engineering as specific to air and space travel In some instances, other specialties fall within the purview of mechanical engineering as well. For example, the Stanford graduate program in mechanical engineering is one of the world’s top institutions and features specialties in:
Biomechanical engineering: the application of engineering theory to medicine
Design engineering: the use of mechanical engineering theories to design better machines that promote efficiency as well as sustainability Flow physics and computational engineering: the intersection of sciences, engineering, mathematics, and computer science Mechanics and computation engineering: the application of mechanics to solids, fluids, biological tissue, and complex materials Thermoscience engineering: the use of engineering to create, harness, and conserve energy Undergraduate students are largely not expected to choose a specialty but those who decide to go on to a graduate program should be prepared to focus on a very specific area of mechanical engineering.
THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
While the future is never certain, there are some emerging industry trends in mechanical engineering. According to one survey of mechanical engineers who are working in their field, the most sought-after positions for mechanical engineers will be in energy, biomedicine, computers, electronics, water, and nanotechnology. This breadth of subjects suggests jobs will be fairly plentiful for a well-educated engineer.


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On Linux systems, you can lock memory to prevent the operating system from paging out heap or off-heap memory.
To use this feature:
Configure the operating system limits for locked memory. Increase the operating system’s
ulimit -l
value (the maximum size that may be locked in memory) from the default (typically 32 KB or 64 KB) to at least the total amount of memory used by Geode for on-heap or off-heap storage. To view the current setting, enterulimit -a
at a shell prompt and find the value formax locked memory
:# ulimit -a ... max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 ...
Use
ulimit -l max-size-in-kbytes
to raise the limit. For example, to set the locked memory limit to 64 GB:# ulimit -l 64000000
Using locked memory in this manner increases the time required to start Geode. The additional time required to start Geode depends on the total amount of memory used, and can range from several seconds to 10 minutes or more. To improve startup time and reduce the potential of member timeouts, instruct the kernel to free operating system page caches just before starting a Geode member by issuing the following command:
$ echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
Start each Geode data store with the gfsh
-lock-memory=true
option. If you deploy more than one server per host, begin by starting each server sequentially. Starting servers sequentially avoids a race condition in the operating system that can cause failures (even machine crashes) if you accidentally over-allocate the available RAM. After you verify that the system configuration is stable, you can then start servers concurrently.


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{% load mfl_none_filter %}
{{facility.ward.county}} Date: {% now "d F Y" %}
TO: {{facility.regulatory_body.name | title}}
RE: Registration of {{facility.code}} | {{facility.name}}
The County Health Management Team of {{facility.ward.county.name}} has inspected the {{facility.facility_type.name}} whose details are below :
Name: {{facility.name}}
Code: {{facility.code}}
Type: {{facility.facility_type.name}}
Owner: {{facility.owner.name}}
County: {{facility.ward.county.name}}
Constituency: {{facility.ward.constituency.name}}
Ward: {{facility.ward.name}}
We request that you register this facility.
Signed
Medical Officer of Health
{{ facility.ward.county.name }}


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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA CRIMINAL MISCELLANEOUS No.30369 of 2019 Arising Out of PS. Case No.-56 Year-2019 Thana- BARUN District- Aurangabad ====================================================== Om Prakash Singh, Son of Dilram Singh, Resident of Village-Dewkali, P.S- Mohania, District-Kaimur at Bhabua. ... ... Petitioner/s Versus The State of Bihar ... ... Opposite Party/s ====================================================== Appearance : For the Petitioner/s : Mr.Tribhuwan Narayan For the Opposite Party/s : Mr.Raj Kishore Singh ====================================================== CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE PRAKASH CHANDRA JAISWAL ORAL ORDER
2 08-05-2019 Heard learned counsel for the petitioner and the learned A.P.P. for the State.
The petitioner apprehends his arrest in a case registered under Sections 379, 411 and 420/34 of the Indian Penal Code, Sections 4/40 of the BMMCR and Section 15 of the Pollution Act.
Three trucks were found indulged in illegal mining. Drivers of the two of the trucks managed to escape while driver of third one namely Narendra Pandey was apprehended and aforesaid illegal sand laden trucks were seized by the informant.
It is submitted by learned counsel for the petitioner that the petitioner has no concern with the aforesaid Patna High Court CR. MISC. No.30369 of 2019(2) dt.08-05-2019 2/2 occurrence. He has been falsely implicated in the case. He happens to be owner of the one of the trucks seized by the informant and he had no knowledge of loading of illegal sand on his truck by its driver. He has no criminal antecedent.
Having regard to the facts and circumstances of the case, let the above named petitioner, be released on bail, in the event of his arrest or surrender before the learned Court below within a period of four weeks from today, on furnishing bail bond of Rs. 10,000/- (Ten thousand) with two sureties of the like amount each to the satisfaction of the learned C.J.M., Aurangabad in connection with Barun P.S. Case No. 56 of 2019, G.R. No. 423 of 2019, subject to the condition as laid down under Section 438 (2) of the Cr.P.C.
(Prakash Chandra Jaiswal, J) mantreshwar/-
U T


Use the table below to specify classes which when used in a import static statement, the statement will not be reported.
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{% endif %} {% if object_text %}{{object_text}}{% endif %} {% if object_html %} {{object_html|safe}} {% endif %} {% if object_image %} {% endif %} {% if object_pdf %}
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Example of a responsive navigation bar.
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Non-blocking call that indicates whether the entity represented by this
Status
(one test, one suite, or all of a suite's tests or nested suites) has completed.
Non-blocking call that indicates whether the entity represented by this
Status
(one test, one suite, or all of a suite's tests or nested suites) has completed. Because this is non-blocking,
you can use this to poll the completion status.
Note: this method will not indicate whether a test has failed, suite has aborted, or an unreported exception has been installed.
It just indicates whether the Status
has completed or not by returning true
or false
.
true
if the test or suite run is already completed, false
otherwise.
Blocking call that waits until the entity represented by this Status
(one test, one suite, or all of
a suite's tests or nested suites) has completed, then returns true
if no tests failed and no
suites aborted, else returns false
, or if an unreported exception has been installed, completes
abruptly with that exception.
Blocking call that waits until the entity represented by this Status
(one test, one suite, or all of
a suite's tests or nested suites) has completed, then returns true
if no tests failed and no
suites aborted, else returns false
, or if an unreported exception has been installed, completes
abruptly with that exception.
This method only reports false
if there was a failed test or aborted suite in the context of the "run" lifecycle method
from which it was returned.
For example, if you call succeeds
on a Status
returned by runTest
, succeeds
will (after that test has completed) return false
if the test whose name was passed to runTest
fails,
else it will return true
.
In other words, so long as the test doesn't fail —whether the test succeeds, is canceled, or is pending—succeeds
will return true
.
If you call succeeds
on a Status
returned by runTests
, by contrast, succeeds
will (after the suite's
tests have completed) return true
only if none of the tests in the suite fail. If any test in the suite fails,
succeeds
will return false
.
If you call succeeds
on a Status
returned by runNestedSuites
, succeeds
will
return true only if no tests fail and no suites abort when running all nested suites (and their nested suites, recursively).
Similarly, if you call succeeds
on a Status
returned by run
, succeeds
will
return true only if no tests fail and no suites abort when running all tests nested suites (and their nested suites, recursively).
If this Status
fails with an "unreported exception," an exception that occurred during the
activity represented by this Status
that was not reported to the Reporter
via a
ScalaTest event, the succeeds
method will complete abruptly with that exception. If the
original exception was a run-aborting exception, such as StackOverflowError
, the
unreportedException
method will return a java.util.ExecutionException
that contains
the original run-aborting exception as its cause. The succeeds
method will in that case
complete abruptly with the ExecutionException
that wraps the original run-aborting exception.
Note: because blocking is not possible on Scala.js, this method is not available on Scala.js.
after waiting until completion, true
if no tests failed and no suites aborted, false
otherwise
unreportedException
if an exception occurred during the activity represented by this Status
that was not reported
via a ScalaTest event and therefore was installed as an unreported exception on this Status
.
Blocking call that waits until the entity represented by this Status
(one test, one suite, or all of
a suite's tests or nested suites) has completed, then either returns normally, or if an unreported exception has
been installed, completes abruptly with that unreported exception.
Blocking call that waits until the entity represented by this Status
(one test, one suite, or all of
a suite's tests or nested suites) has completed, then either returns normally, or if an unreported exception has
been installed, completes abruptly with that unreported exception.
If this Status
fails with an "unreported exception," an exception that occurred during the
activity represented by this Status
that was not reported to the Reporter
via a
ScalaTest event, the waitUntilCompleted
method will complete abruptly with that exception. If the
original exception was a run-aborting exception, such as StackOverflowError
, the
unreportedException
method will return a java.util.ExecutionException
that contains
the original run-aborting exception as its cause. The waitUntilCompleted
method will in that case
complete abruptly with the ExecutionException
that wraps the original run-aborting exception.
Note: because blocking is not possible on Scala.js, this method is not available on Scala.js.
unreportedException
if an exception occurred during the activity represented by this Status
that was not reported
via a ScalaTest event and therefore was installed as an unreported exception on this Status
.
Registers the passed callback function to be executed when this status completes.
Registers the passed callback function to be executed when this status completes.
If an unreported exception has been installed on this Status
, the
Try
passed into the callback function will be a Failure
containing that exception. Otherwise
the Try
will be a Success
containing true if no tests failed
or suites aborted during the activity represented by this Status
, else false
.
The callback functions registered with whenCompleted
will be executed after the Status
has completed, in an undefined order. If the Status
has already completed, functions passed to this method will be
executed immediately by the calling thread before returning.
Any exception thrown by a callback function will be propagated back on the thread used to invoke the callback.
Internally ScalaTest uses this method to register callbacks that
fire completion events (TestSucceeded
, TestFailed
,
SuiteCompleted
, etc.) to the Reporter
.
the callback function to execute once this Status
has completed
Registers a Status
-producing by-name function to execute after this
Status
completes, returning a Status
that mirrors the Status
returned by the by-name.
Registers a Status
-producing by-name function to execute after this
Status
completes, returning a Status
that mirrors the Status
returned by the by-name.
The Status
returned by this method will complete when the status produced by the
Status
produced by the passed-by name completes. The returned Status
will complete with the same succeeds
and unreportedException
values.
But unlike the Status
produced by the by-name, the returned Status
will
be available immediately.
If the by-name function passed to this method completes abruptly with a non-run-aborting exception,
that exception will be caught and installed as the unreportedException
on the
Status
returned by this method. The Status
returned by this method
will then complete. The thread that attempted to evaluate the by-name function will be allowed
to continue (i.e.
, the non-run-aborting exception will not be rethrown
on that thread).
If the by-name function passed to this method completes abruptly with a run-aborting exception,
such as StackOverflowError
, that exception will be caught and a new
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException
that contains the run-aborting exception as its
cause will be installed as the unreportedException
on the
Status
returned by this method. The Status
returned by this method
will then complete. The original run-aborting exception will then be rethrown on the
thread that attempted to evaluate the by-name function.
If an unreported exception is installed on this Status
, the passed by-name function will
not be executed. Instead, the same unreported exception will be installed on the Status
returned by this method.
Internally, ScalaTest uses this method in async styles to ensure that by default, each subsequent test in an async-style
suite begins execution only after the previous test has completed. This method is not used if
ParallelTestExection
is mixed into an async style. Instead, tests are allowed to begin
execution concurrently.
a Status
that represents the status of executing the by-name function passed to this method.
Converts this Status
to a Future[Boolean]
where Success(true)
means
no tests failed and suites aborted, Success(false)
, means at least one test failed or one
suite aborted and any thrown exception was was reported to the Reporter
via a ScalaTest
event, Failure(unreportedException)
means
an exception, unreportedException
, was thrown that was not reported to the Reporter
via a ScalaTest event.
Converts this Status
to a Future[Boolean]
where Success(true)
means
no tests failed and suites aborted, Success(false)
, means at least one test failed or one
suite aborted and any thrown exception was was reported to the Reporter
via a ScalaTest
event, Failure(unreportedException)
means
an exception, unreportedException
, was thrown that was not reported to the Reporter
via a ScalaTest event.
a Future[Boolean]
representing this Status
.
An exception that was thrown during the activity represented by this Status
that
was not reported via a ScalaTest event fired to the Reporter
.
An exception that was thrown during the activity represented by this Status
that
was not reported via a ScalaTest event fired to the Reporter
.
When a test executes, "non-run-aborting" thrown exceptions are reported by events
fired to the reporter. A TestPendingException
is reported via a
TestPending
event. A TestCanceledException
is reported via a
TestCanceled
event. Any other non-run-aborting exceptions, including
TestFailedException
will be reported via a
TestFailed
event.
Run-aborting exceptions indicate critical
problems, such as OutOfMemoryError
, that instead of being reported via a test completion event
should instead cause the entire suite to abort. In synchronous testing styles, this exception will be allowed
to just propagate up the call stack. But in async styles, the thread or threads executing the test will often
be taken from the async suite's execution context. Instead of propagating these run-aborting exceptions up
the call stack, they will be installed as an "unreported exception" in the test's Status
.
They are "unreported" because no test completion event will be fired to report them. For more explanation and
a list of run-aborting exception types, see Treatment of java.lang.Error
s.
Another way for an unreported exception to occur is if an exception of any type is thrown outside of the
body of an actual test. For example, traits BeforeAndAfter
, BeforeAndAfterEach
,
and BeforeAndAfterEachTestData
execute code before and after tests. Traits
BeforeAndAfterAll
and BeforeAndAfterAllConfigMap
execute code before
and after all tests and nested suites of a suite. If any "before" or "after"
code completes abruptly with an exception (of any type, not just run-aborting types) on a thread taken
from an async suite's execution context, this exception will
installed as an unreportedException
of the relevant Status
.
In addition, ScalaTest Suite
exposes four "run" lifecycle methods--run
,
runNestedSuites
, runTests
, and runTest
--that users can override to customize
the framework. If a "run" lifecycle methods completes abruptly with an exception, that exception occurs outside
the context of a test body. As a result, such exceptions will be
installed as an unreportedException
of the relevant Status
.
The toFuture
method on Status
returns a Future[Boolean]
. If the Future
succeeds with the Boolean
value of true
, that indicates no tests failed and no suites aborted
during the activity represented
by this Status
. If a test failed or suite aborted, and that event was reported by a fired ScalaTest
Event
, the
Future
will succeed with the value false
. If an unreported exception has been installed
on the Status
, however, the Future
will fail with that exception.
a optional unreported Throwable
Registers a by-name function (producing an optional exception) to execute
after this Status
completes.
Registers a by-name function (producing an optional exception) to execute
after this Status
completes.
If the by-name function passed to this method completes abruptly with a non-run-aborting exception,
that exception will be caught and installed as the unreportedException
on the
Status
returned by this method. The Status
returned by this method
will then complete. The thread that attempted to evaluate the by-name function will be allowed
to continue (i.e.
, the non-run-aborting exception will not be rethrown
on that thread).
If the by-name function passed to this method completes abruptly with a run-aborting exception,
such as StackOverflowError
, that exception will be caught and a new
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException
that contains the run-aborting exception as its
cause will be installed as the unreportedException
on the
Status
returned by this method. The Status
returned by this method
will then complete. The original run-aborting exception will then be rethrown on the
thread that attempted to evaluate the by-name function.
If an unreported exception is installed on this Status
, the passed by-name function will
not be executed. Instead, the same unreported exception will be installed on the Status
returned by this method.
Internally, ScalaTest uses this method in traits BeforeAndAfter
,
BeforeAndAfterEach
, and BeforeAndAfterEachTestData
to ensure "after" code is
executed after the relevant test has completed, and in traits BeforeAndAfterAll
and
BeforeAndAfterAllConfigMap
to ensure "after" code is executed after the
relevant tests and nested suites have completed.
A by-name function to invoke after this Status
has completed.
a Status
that represents this Status
,
modified by any exception thrown by the passed by-name function.
The result status of running a test or a suite, which is used to support parallel and asynchronous execution of tests.
This trait is the result type of the "run" lifecycle methods of trait
Suite
:run
,runNestedSuites
,runTests
, andrunTest
. It can be used to determine whether a test or suite has completed, and if so, whether it succeeded, and if not, whether an exception was thrown that was not yet reported via a ScalaTest event. AStatus
is like a domain-specificFuture[Boolean]
, where:Success(true)
TestFailedException
) is represented bySuccess(false)
Failure(unreportedException)
Note that pending and canceled tests will not cause a
Status
to fail. Only failed tests and aborted suites will cause aStatus
to fail.One use case of
Status
is to ensure that "after" code (such as anafterEach
orafterAll
method) does not execute until after the relevant entity (one test, one suite, or all of a suite's tests or nested suites) has completed. Another use case is to implement the default behavior of asynchronous styles, in which subsequent each test does not begin execution until after the previous test has completed.


@* * This template takes a two arguments, a String containing a * message to display and an AssetsFinder to locate static assets. *@ @(message: String, pipelineForm: Form[Pipeline])(implicit assetsFinder: AssetsFinder, requestHeader: MessagesRequestHeader) @import views.html.helper._ @* * Call the `main` template with two arguments. The first * argument is a `String` with the title of the page, the second * argument is an `Html` object containing the body of the page. *@ @main("Welcome to Play", assetsFinder) { @* * Get an `Html` object by calling the built-in Play welcome * template and passing a `String` message. *@


This application is used for media viewing and sharing across users social networks. User can make his own gallery by uploading files into it and then viewing them from inside of the application. The aplication version may change in the futur and have newer versions of it avalable.
Picture gallery
Picture gallery is a place where you can view all sorts of beautiful images, pictures, photos and art work! If you see anything you like you can leave a comment and a like or even a dislike something if you want. You can view the image in a larger size by clicking on it and enjoy the scenery. If you have something to say to the creator of the image you can write a comment just below the image you are looking at, leave a like or even a dislike if you wish so.
Videos
Videos are like a beautiful picture that moves and may even speak. By clicking on a video that you would like to watch you consume information about a story that it shows. Much like in the picture gallery where every picture also is telling its own story, the video gallery acts the same way. Leaving a like and writing a comment is much appreciated.
About music
Music is a great way to adjust your emotions and feel the mood you are in at the time. Try pressing the button at the corner of the screen and select the music that you feel is appropriate for your mood right now. Music can also make your mood so don't be shy to of using the music player. And while you are listening to a good song feel free to browse the websites gallery for images that goes along with your mood, sit back, relax and enjoy.
About likes & dislikes
Likes are a good way to show that you enjoy someone's work, and support that person in that matter, as well as encourage them to make even more awesome art work or photos.
Usually people misunderstand the importance of a dislike and that is why most sites don't even provide an option for that, because it brings out the negativity. But in reality taking a dislike on one of your posts can make the quality of your next one a lot better. And in the long run the quality of the gallery will also grow with the quality of the pictures.