Health Effects Institute (2010-2015)
EPA Grant Number: R834677Center: Health Effects Institute (2010 — 2015)
Center Director: Greenbaum, Daniel S.
Title: Health Effects Institute (2010-2015)
Investigators: Greenbaum, Daniel S.
Institution: Health Effects Institute (HEI)
EPA Project Officer: Hunt, Sherri
Project Period: April 1, 2010 through March 31, 2015
Project Amount: $25,000,000
RFA: Health Effects Institute (2010) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Health Effects , Air Quality and Air Toxics , Air
Objective:
The Health Effects Institute's (HEI) Board of Directors, chaired by Richard Celeste, consists of public figures in science and policy who are committed to the public-private partnership that is central to the HEI approach. The Institute's scientific work is overseen by two independent scientific committees. The Health Research Committee works with the Institute's scientific staff to develop and manage HEI's research program. The Health Review Committee which has no role in selecting or overseeing studies, works with the Institute's scientific staff to evaluate and interpret the results of HEI studies and related research. HEI's priorities for research and special reviews are guided by the five-year HEI Strategic Plan , which is reviewed and updated annually after consultations with HEI sponsors and other interested parties.
Approach:
HEI is also asked periodically to produce special reports reviewing an entire area of scientific literature on topics such as the health effects of exposure to traffic and air toxics.
To accomplish its mission, HEI:
- Identifies the highest priority areas for health effects research;
- Funds and oversees the conduct of high-quality research in these priority areas;
- Provides intensive, independent review of HEI-supported and related research;
- Integrates HEI’s research results with those of other institutions into coherent, broader evaluations of health effects; and
- Communicates the results of HEI research and analyses to public and private decision makers.
The HEI research program has addressed questions about the health effects associated with exposure to both regulated pollutants such as carbon monoxide, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide, and unregulated pollutants such as diesel exhaust, aldehydes, and methanol. HEI has also funded studies to understand the mechanisms of diseases, to develop better methods to assess health effects and determine dose response relationships. The program includes theoretical, in vitro, animal, controlled human exposure, and epidemiological studies.
Rationale:
HEI is an independent, nonprofit corporation chartered in 1980 to provide high-quality, impartial, and relevant science on the health effects air pollution. Supported jointly by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and industry, HEI has funded more than 280 research projects, the results of which have informed decisions regarding carbon monoxide, air toxics, nitrogen oxides, diesel exhaust, ozone, particulate matter, and other pollutants. These results have appeared in the peer-reviewed literature and in more than 200 comprehensive reports published by HEI.
Expected Results:
The center is conducting research in a number of priority areas, including: new approaches to understanding exposure to and health effect of multiple pollutants )including particulate matter, gases, and air toxics; measuring health outcomes and benefits resulting from air quality actions; and assessing potential health consequences of new fuels and technology. Throughout its research HEI seeks to incorporate effects on sensitive subpopulations, development and validation of new scientific techniques, and providing public access to the data underlying its studies.
Journal Articles: 5 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
| Other center views: | All 69 publications | 62 publications in selected types | All 5 journal articles |
|---|
| Type | Citation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
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Greenbaum D, Shaikh R. First steps toward multipollutant science for air quality decisions. Epidemiology 2010;21(2):195-197. |
R834677 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
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Meng Q, Hackfeld LC, Hodge RP, Walker VE. Comparison of mutagenicity of stereochemical forms of 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane at HPRT and TK loci in human cells. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 2003;41(36 Supplement):77. |
R834677C150 (Final) |
not available |
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Meng Q, Redetzke DL, Hackfeld LC, Hodge RP, Walker DM, Walker VE. Mutagenicity of stereochemical configurations of 1,2-epoxybutene and 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane in human lymphoblastoid cells. Chemico-Biological Interactions 2007;166(1-3):207-218. |
R834677C150 (Final) |
Exit |
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van Erp AM, Kelly FJ, Demerjian KL, Pope III CA, Cohen AJ. Progress in research to assess the effectiveness of air quality interventions towards improving public health. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2012;5(2):217-230. |
R834677 (Final) |
Exit |
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van Erp AM, Cohen AJ, Shaikh R, O’Keefe R. Recent progress and challenges in assessing the effectiveness of air quality interventions toward improving public health: the HEI experience. EM Magazine 2012;10:22-28. |
R834677 (Final) |
Exit |
Supplemental Keywords:
Emmissions, Air Quality, Diesel, Health Effects, Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Particulate Matter;Relevant Websites:
Health Effects Institute: April 1, 2000 through March 31, 2005
Health Effects Institute: April 1, 2005 through March 31, 2010
Research Centers - Health Effects Institute
http://www.healtheffects.org/ Exit
Progress and Final Reports:
2010 Progress Report2011 Progress Report
2012 Progress Report
2013 Progress Report
Final Report
Subprojects under this Center: (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R834677C149 Development and Application of a Sensitive Method to Determine Concentrations of Acrolein and Other Carbonyls in Ambient Air
R834677C150 Mutagenicity of Stereochemical Configurations of 1,3-Butadiene Epoxy Metabolites in Human Cells
R834677C151 Biologic Effects of Inhaled Diesel Exhaust in Young and Old Mice: A Pilot Project
R834677C152 Evaluating Heterogeneity in Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution Using Land-Use Regression and Constrained Factor Analysis
R834677C153 Improved Source Apportionment and Speciation of Low-Volume Particulate Matter Samples
R834677C155 The Impact of the Congestion Charging Scheme on Air Quality in London
R834677C156 Concentrations of Air Toxics in Motor Vehicle-Dominated Environments
R834677C158 Air Toxics Exposure from Vehicle Emissions at a U.S. Border Crossing: Buffalo Peace Bridge Study
R834677C159 Role of Neprilysin in Airway Inflammation Induced by Diesel Exhaust Emissions
R834677C160 Personal and Ambient Exposures to Air Toxics in Camden, New Jersey
R834677C162 Assessing the Impact of a Wood Stove Replacement Program on Air Quality and Children’s Health
R834677C163 The London Low Emission Zone Baseline Study
R834677C165 Effects of Controlled Exposure to Diesel Exhaust in Allergic Asthmatic Individuals
R834677C168 Evaluating the Effects of Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments on Air Quality
R834677C172 Potential Air Toxics Hot Spots in Truck Terminals and Cabs
R834677C173 Detection and Characterization of Nanoparticles from Motor Vehicles
R834677C174 Cardiorespiratory Biomarker Responses in Healthy Young Adults to Drastic Air Quality Changes Surrounding the 2008 Beijing Olympics


Planetary Scale
Using the form below, select your planet and enter the distance that you want to model your scale of our solar system. Distances are measured in feet.
Using the form below, select your planet and enter the distance that you want to model your scale of our solar system. Distances are measured in feet.


import {default as xdr} from "./generated/stellar-xdr_generated";
import {UnsignedHyper} from "js-xdr";
import {hash} from "./hashing";
import {Keypair} from "./keypair";
import {Account} from "./account";
import {Operation} from "./operation";
import {Transaction} from "./transaction";
import {Memo} from "./memo";
import BigNumber from 'bignumber.js';
import clone from "lodash/clone";
import map from "lodash/map";
import isUndefined from "lodash/isUndefined";
let BASE_FEE = 100; // Stroops
let MIN_LEDGER = 0;
let MAX_LEDGER = 0xFFFFFFFF; // max uint32
/**
*
Transaction builder helps constructs a new `{@link Transaction}` using the given {@link Account}
* as the transaction's "source account". The transaction will use the current sequence
* number of the given account as its sequence number and increment the given account's
* sequence number by one. The given source account must include a private key for signing
* the transaction or an error will be thrown.

*
*
Operations can be added to the transaction via their corresponding builder methods, and
* each returns the TransactionBuilder object so they can be chained together. After adding
* the desired operations, call the `build()` method on the `TransactionBuilder` to return a fully
* constructed `{@link Transaction}` that can be signed. The returned transaction will contain the
* sequence number of the source account and include the signature from the source account.

*
*
The following code example creates a new transaction with {@link Operation.createAccount} and
* {@link Operation.payment} operations.
* The Transaction's source account first funds `destinationA`, then sends
* a payment to `destinationB`. The built transaction is then signed by `sourceKeypair`.

*
* ```
* var transaction = new TransactionBuilder(source)
* .addOperation(Operation.createAccount({
destination: destinationA,
startingBalance: "20"
}) // <- funds and creates destinationA
.addOperation(Operation.payment({
destination: destinationB,
amount: "100"
asset: Asset.native()
}) // <- sends 100 XLM to destinationB
* .build();
*
* transaction.sign(sourceKeypair);
* ```
* @constructor
* @param {Account} sourceAccount - The source account for this transaction.
* @param {object} [opts]
* @param {number} [opts.fee] - The max fee willing to pay per operation in this transaction (**in stroops**).
* @param {object} [opts.timebounds] - The timebounds for the validity of this transaction.
* @param {number|string} [opts.timebounds.minTime] - 64 bit unix timestamp
* @param {number|string} [opts.timebounds.maxTime] - 64 bit unix timestamp
* @param {Memo} [opts.memo] - The memo for the transaction
*/
export class TransactionBuilder {
constructor(sourceAccount, opts={}) {
Iif (!sourceAccount) {
throw new Error("must specify source account for the transaction");
}
this.source = sourceAccount;
this.operations = [];
this.baseFee = (isUndefined(opts.fee) ? BASE_FEE : opts.fee);
this.timebounds = clone(opts.timebounds);
this.memo = opts.memo || Memo.none();
// the signed base64 form of the transaction to be sent to Horizon
this.blob = null;
}
/**
* Adds an operation to the transaction.
* @param {xdr.Operation} operation The xdr operation object, use {@link Operation} static methods.
* @returns {TransactionBuilder}
*/
addOperation(operation) {
this.operations.push(operation);
return this;
}
/**
* Adds a memo to the transaction.
* @param {Memo} memo {@link Memo} object
* @returns {TransactionBuilder}
*/
addMemo(memo) {
this.memo = memo;
return this;
}
/**
* This will build the transaction.
* It will also increment the source account's sequence number by 1.
* @returns {Transaction} This method will return the built {@link Transaction}.
*/
build() {
let sequenceNumber = new BigNumber(this.source.sequenceNumber()).add(1);
var attrs = {
sourceAccount: Keypair.fromPublicKey(this.source.accountId()).xdrAccountId(),
fee: this.baseFee * this.operations.length,
seqNum: xdr.SequenceNumber.fromString(sequenceNumber.toString()),
memo: this.memo ? this.memo.toXDRObject() : null,
ext: new xdr.TransactionExt(0)
};
if (this.timebounds) {
this.timebounds.minTime = UnsignedHyper.fromString(this.timebounds.minTime.toString());
this.timebounds.maxTime = UnsignedHyper.fromString(this.timebounds.maxTime.toString());
attrs.timeBounds = new xdr.TimeBounds(this.timebounds);
}
let xtx = new xdr.Transaction(attrs);
xtx.operations(this.operations);
let xenv = new xdr.TransactionEnvelope({tx:xtx});
let tx = new Transaction(xenv);
this.source.incrementSequenceNumber();
return tx;
}
}
|


EVE'S BAYOU By Harvey Karten, Ph.D. Trimark Pictures Director: Kasi Lemmons Writer: Kasi Lemmons Cast: Jurnee Smollett, Samuel L. Jackson, Lynn Whitfield, Debbi Mogan, Diahann Carroll, Vondie Curtis Hall, Branford Marsalis
If you wandered into this movie ten minutes late without knowing a thing about it, you might swear it was either a sequel to Tennessee Williams' "A Streetcar Named Desire" or August Wilson's "The Piano Lesson Part II: the 1960s." How surprised you'd be to find out that this lyrical Southern Gothic feast trimmed with the precise amount of mysticism and framed by some glorious photography of the primitive-looking Louisiana swamps is a first-time directorial effort. Kasi Lemmons, who wrote and directed "Eve's Bayou," has immersed herself in the mind of a ten-year old girl named Eve Batiste, through whose eyes this adult tale is seen. This old- fashioned, multi-generational story which received a screening at Colorado's Telluride Film Festival focuses on a prosperous Black Louisiana family and is not only told from a woman's point of view: its entire vista unfolds as a story dominated by its women. Yet its racial and gender crossover potential is great, given the solid, realistic acting of its well-known all- Black cast and the effective merging of voodoo, romance, cultural values, and panorama. Perhaps "Eve's Bayou" is underscored more by what it is not than by what it embraces. It is, happily enough, not another inner-city, macho 'hood story of drugs and gangster activity, nor is it yet another racial diatribe or a feel-good buddy movie about Blacks and Whites teaming up against real enemies. Little Eve (played by the remarkably expressive, ten-year- old Jurnee Smollettt) begins her voiceover narration with a poetic statement that sets the tone for the movie: "Memory is a selection of images, some elusive, others printed indelibly on the brain. The summer I killed my father, I was 10 years old." Put yourself in the place of this child, one who could be of any race, as she observes events surrounding the family mansion, and understand how she might overreact to some and, at other times, do what she can to save the integrity and even the very lives of members of her household. At a lavish party given by her parents, her face turns enraged with jealousy as she observes her dad, Louis Batiste (Samuel L. Jackson), dancing with her 14-year-old sister Cisely (Meagan Good) while effectively ignoring her. Moments later, asleep in the barn which serves as a wine cellar, she awakens from a dark corner only to notice her father engaged in sexual activity with Matty Mereaux (Lisa Nicole Carson), who is married to a New Orleans teacher, Lenny (Roger Guenveur Smith).  Much of "Eve's Bayou" deals with the thin line between truth and illusion, between reality and the arcane. In this regard Mozelle Batiste Delacroix (Debbi Morgan) becomes the story's center. Mozelle, who has psychic powers and has been married three times to men who have all died as though afflicted with her curse, is able to hold her clients' palms and capture images of people her patrons are anxious to find. Each of Mozelle's visions is effectively photographed as surreal, black-and-white images, in one case of the missing wife of a client who is in the arms of another man, in another a young man in Detroit whom she sees shooting up drugs. So seriously does Mozelle's sister Cisely take her powers that when Mozelle foresees a child struck fatally by a vehicle, Cisely refuses to allow her daughters to go outside. Writer-director Kasi Lemmons affixes resonance to her story by situating it in a historical context. Some generations back, a slave named Eve saved the life of her master. In return, she is given her freedom and presents her former owner with sixteen children. These are some of the descendants of that union: the ten-year-old is named for that slave. "Eve's Bayou," then, represents some of the most significant images affixed in the mind of its title character, understandably enough centering on moments of sexuality involving her dad. At one point, a seminal event (so to speak) occurs in which her father either attempts to seduce his fourteen-year-old daughter or, paradoxically enough, takes aggressive steps to stop the young woman from seducing him. Jurnee Smollett rivets as Eve with exceptional performances from Debbi Morgan as the clairvoyant Mozelle and, in a smaller role, the legendary Diahann Carroll as a witch-like competitor of Mozelle whose evil eye is blamed for the movie's tragic end. Rated R. Running Time: 109 minutes. (C) 1997 Harvey Karten
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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belongs to the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


FAQ
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As part of our business model, we do not offer promotions or sales on any core product. By sidestepping middlemen (i.e. department stores and boutiques), we are able to produce luxury garments that sell for 3 – 7x less than a traditional luxury brand, providing premium essentials at the absolute best price. While other brands’ models necessitate exorbitant prices to cover margins and the cost of inevitable sales and markdowns, DSTLD avoids these excessive markups by selling directly to you. We may occasionally announce a promotion if we decide to discontinue an item. Please sign up (https://www.dstldjeans.com/users/sign_in) to receive news and updates from DSTLD.
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You may contact our Customer Care team from 6am-9pm Monday-Friday via live chat, email or text message. For press and media inquiries, please drop us a line at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>DO YOUR PRODUCTS RUN TRUE TO SIZE?
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We exchange solutions!
- recontextualize synergistic web services
- embrace wireless deliverables
- benchmark enterprise schemas
- aggregate leading-edge architectures
- embrace distributed functionalities
- envisioneer world-class e-tailers
- engineer dot-com deliverables
- innovate interactive vortals
- syndicate seamless e-commerce
- integrate cutting-edge bandwidth
- scale leading-edge e-business
- architect frictionless e-services


Hi! I am Debanjan. Nice to meet you. I am currently working as Graduate Research Assistant at Florida State University(FSU) AI Lab. Love to build & tackle challenging problems. My interests include machine learning (specifically deep learning), Information retrieval, Text Analytics & NLP. "Simplicity is the Ultimate Sophistication" - Leonardo Da Vinci
Predictive Protein family classification based on the protein sequence using Naive Bayes Classifier
Read MoreA Chatbot using a Seq2Seq and Recurrent Neural Network, the chatbot learns from the script of the Cornell Movie Dialogs Corpus
Read MoreThe Show and Tell Model is a Neural Network that learns Image Captions(IR) using TF-Im2Txt for efficient Image Search
Read MoreResponse Data Acquisition through Customized Skins for Websites using Google Form
Read MoreImplementation of the famous word2vec algorithm of google for performing sentiment analysis on IMdB dataset
Read MoreMinesweeper Game in Python
Response Data Acquisition through Customized Skins for Websites using Google Form


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I currently work at EY in Assurance. I am a CIMA Passed Finalist and a CA Student.
My interests include speculative fiction/SFF, technology, debate, current affairs, and economic policy.


Dealing with Invalid Passes¶
One major problem with the idea of generating small snippets of equivalency classes is that what is locally equivalent may not be what is globally equivalent. Essentially, it comes down to two major choices (or a combination there of). We can either attempt to manually determine which passes do not suffer from this “scope mismatch” or we can defer this judgement to the RL agent in some way. Both have a number of advantages and disadvantages which I will discuss here.
Manual Selection of LLVM passes¶
One major issue, sadly, is time. This task is daunting not only due to the highly technical nature, but also due to the lack of documentations on llvm passes individually. In the end, opt is not a tool designed to perform target transformations. It is a tool designed to perform subsequent lists of optimizations which are sometimes heavily interdependent. Many of these optimizations, while not resulting in “scope mismatch” themselves, may depend on passes which do. While it is certainly possible to perform before and after analyis of each pass event still, this provides another layer of complexity to an already difficult task. Even some passes which seem innocent with the wrong context could easily result in incorrect swaps.
The major advantage on the other hand, is that the ML will be much easier if we can assume that all operations perfomred by the ML agent are inherintly safe and we do not have to perform our own checks to make sure of this.
Deferred judgement to the Agent¶
While this may save time in terms of research and manual selection, it will certainly create issues in the ML. If the ML’s operations cannot be assumed to be safe, we run the risk of ruining the llvm code so that it cannot be further lifted into C code.
One big advantage of this choice is that theoretically the code we write for training the ML agent could just as easily work for a database where all of the swaps are contextually safe. Essentially, we are just perfoming safety checks and giving the agent a heavy negative reward and backrolling the code so it can continue. If this action happened with a better database, it would just never deal with backrolling since no invalid operations happen. This of course, means writing code that would never run had we done our investigation right, but even assuming we do a decent job with our manual selection, this might be useful.


--- layout: post title: This Harvard Grad's Site Might Just Be The Future of Music thumbnail: /img/future-of-music.png ---
Most major music sites are betting big on the all-inclusive streaming model.
Artists hate it. They feel they're being payed pennies on the dollar for their music. But it seems to be what listeners want, and labels have capitulated to streaming companies like Spotify, Apple, and Google. But maybe it's not the only way?
Perhaps, in addition to these services, artists will in the future offer their own monthly streaming services , with special benefits that appeal to their most loyal followers. Maybe musicians can make music profitable and personal again.
It's no longer a "maybe". Harvard grad and grammy-nominated musician Ryan Leslie recently launched an experiment in these ideas, and by doing so he may have just saved the music business from its steady decline.
Leslie's new club, mzrt.life, is a streaming service dedicated to solely his music. For $1 a month, he gives fans access to one new song per month. It's an ever-growing album which Leslie intends to keep going indefinitely, outwardly claiming to last a few hundred months/songs.
For higher subscription fees, fans can message with Ryan . For even higher fees, fans can get autographs, call him in his studio while he's recording, fly privately with Leslie to his concerts, and sit in VIP seats.
It's an experiment in varying levels of engagement, allowing fans to engage as much, or as little, as they want. Leslie is currently offering plans for $1, 5, 10, 25, 100, and 1000 per month.
This model is never going to be the major revenue generator for artists. It's not going to replace streaming altogether. But this is a clever way to give avid fans a bit more than just an album to listen to, and to guarantee some consistent recurring revenue for artists in the process.
For ages, Spotify has claimed one of its core benefits to artists to be "promotion" and "discovery" , but until now, this promotion didn't often lead to tangible benefits – album sales, ticket sales, merchandise.
This will work especially well for indie bands with small, but loyal followings.
Mzrt is clearly just an experiment. Leslie is running this off of a simple website powered by payment-platform Gumroad. Still, Leslie might have just stumbled upon a model with huge potential.
Would you pay one of your favorite artists for more access, and monthly music?


This demo show how to use th jQuery Page Load Polisher.
Made by hugorper. Plugin available on GitHub.


Here's my life story...
Many of my cousins were diagnosed with ADHD and had access to Ritalin. I was never diagnosed with ADHD, though I was tested for certain sleep problems and dyslexia when I was younger.  I'm also quite motivated... when I can be.
I decided to start researching study drugs and undertook a reasonable about of research and narrowed it down to Methylphenidate (Ritalin) or Modafinil (ModAlert) and Atomoxetine (Strattera). I don't take recreational drugs, I'm extroverted, spend about 16 hours a day on the computer and consider myself a card carrying member of the nerd brigade. I don't do drugs, don't smoke (anything), don't drink coffee, and don't drink alcohol.
Since finding this out, I have endeavoured to obtain a prescription for Ritalin through being diagnosed with Adult ADHD, however this has become a social faux pas diagnosis now, and no psychiatrist will go near it. My doctor is trying to find a psychiatrist to refer me too, however he has talked to 8 all of which don't handle ADHD cases, specifically Adult ADHD. I am in Australia. I searched for illegal sources, I can get my hands on cocaine and other methamphetamine stimulants basically within the day, however I can't get their safer alternative. So I have turned to importing them myself. I donít care about whether or not I have ADHD, I care about improving my study performance, which is something I desperately need.
I researched where to get them and what to get online, this provided me with good general information, expectations, other sources and where to get them. I did a small test order which was successful. I obtained the generic ModAlert version which is identical to the Profivil/ModaVigil variants. I got the 200mg tablets, as the tablets are scored, so I can cut them in half, and they last twice as long for a nominal cost.
Here's my experience...
7:30am - Wake Up - Took 100mg ModAlert tablet (cut a 200mg tablet in half) - Went about getting ready to study, had breakfast, had caffeine, showered, etc
8:10am - Began to feel it kick in, just felt really awake, wasn't tired (I got 8 hours of sleep, but I usually take about 10-11 hours).
8:30am - Get to study.
11:40am - First time I had gotten up since sitting down at 8:30 - Felt great - Didn't have an appetite, but wanted to move around and grab something to eat, and maybe watch a bit of a show.
12:40pm - Back to study.
3:00pm - Started to get some head fog back, not too bad, probably exacerbated by me struggling with a few problems.
4:20pm - Parents get home and interrupt me, no problem, wanted to get back to exercises, etc.
6:30pm - Din dins
7:00pm - Back to work.
9:00pm - Finished - About 90 pages of reading (I can never read this much in 1 day) and 10 pages of exercises and tutorials.
Here's my findings...
-It took about 40 minutes to kick in. When it did, I felt it, mainly because I always feel sleepy, and I didn't feel like going back to bed. I didn't have to fight to be awake.
-I was still easily distracted, but less so. I was undertaking my study away from everything, in to a room with little stimuli (no computer, TV, music or even a view, just the table, book, calculator and me), this helped me focus heaps.
-I felt more energetic and felt like doing the things I wanted to do. This is extremely rare for me, I'm usually super lethargic and always feel sleepy during the day, unless I'm hyper active. This is consistent with the symptoms of someone with sleeping problems or ADHD.
-Felt like my pulse rose a bit, especially in the morning, though this could be psychosomatic (and I'm insane) however.
-Wasn't great for focus, but it allowed me to focus more easily by clearing the head fog and allowing me to wake up. I think this might feel like regular people feel when they wake up.
-I planned an entire day for it, and I plan to do this. This way, I'm in the right set, am not wasting the tablet, am waking up at the right time and wanting to study.
-Haven't taken it for lectures or anything yet, however I am looking forward to doing this.
-My findings mirror my friends who have experimented with this also.
In the future...
I plan to order a lot more and also obtain some Strattera to try on its own and with the ModAlert. I will mix them, especially since the Strattera are known to make people sleepy, the opposite to what I want. When I've done that, I'll report back.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Software Engineer| DevOps Engineer @ Doğuş Teknoloji
View my CV in LinkedIn
View my projects in Github
Reach me via E-Mail


45
Cyrus, God's Instrument
1 Thus says the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus,
whose right hand I have grasped,
to subdue nations before him
and to loose the belts of kings,
to open doors before him
that gates may not be closed:
2 “I will go before you
and level the exalted places,
I will break in pieces the doors of bronze
and cut through the bars of iron,
3 I will give you the treasures of darkness
and the hoards in secret places,
that you may know that it is I, the LORD,
the God of Israel, who call you by your name.
4 For the sake of my servant Jacob,
and Israel my chosen,
I call you by your name,
I name you, though you do not know me.
5 I am the LORD, and there is no other,
besides me there is no God;
I equip you, though you do not know me,
6 that people may know, from the rising of the sun
and from the west, that there is none besides me;
I am the LORD, and there is no other.
7 I form light and create darkness,
I make well-being and create calamity,
I am the LORD, who does all these things.
8 “Shower, O heavens, from above,
and let the clouds rain down righteousness;
let the earth open, that salvation and righteousness may bear fruit;
let the earth cause them both to sprout;
I the LORD have created it.
9 “Woe to him who strives with him who formed him,
a pot among earthen pots!
Does the clay say to him who forms it, ‘What are you making?’
or ‘Your work has no handles’?
10 Woe to him who says to a father, ‘What are you begetting?’
or to a woman, ‘With what are you in labor?’ ”
11 Thus says the LORD,
the Holy One of Israel, and the one who formed him:
“Ask me of things to come;
will you command me concerning my children and the work of my hands?
12 I made the earth
and created man on it;
it was my hands that stretched out the heavens,
and I commanded all their host.
13 I have stirred him up in righteousness,
and I will make all his ways level;
he shall build my city
and set my exiles free,
not for price or reward,”
says the LORD of hosts.
The LORD, the Only Savior
14 Thus says the LORD:
“The wealth of Egypt and the merchandise of Cush,
and the Sabeans, men of stature,
shall come over to you and be yours;
they shall follow you;
they shall come over in chains and bow down to you.

I the LORD speak the truth;
I declare what is right.
20 “Assemble yourselves and come;
draw near together,
you survivors of the nations!
They have no knowledge
who carry about their wooden idols,
and keep on praying to a god
that cannot save.
21 Declare and present your case;
let them take counsel together!
Who told this long ago?
Who declared it of old?
Was it not I, the LORD?
And there is no other god besides me,
a righteous God and a Savior;
there is none besides me.
22 “Turn to me and be saved,
all the ends of the earth!
For I am God, and there is no other.
23 By myself I have sworn;
from my mouth has gone out in righteousness
a word that shall not return:
‘To me every knee shall bow,
every tongue shall swear allegiance.’
24 “Only in the LORD, it shall be said of me,
are righteousness and strength;
to him shall come and be ashamed
all who were incensed against him.
25 In the LORD all the offspring of Israel
shall be justified and shall glory.”


Teggargrent keyboard based on French Azerty keyboard.
See this document for all the key combinations.
Unshifted
Shifted
© 2020 PROEL


Politico
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Class WC_CSV_Tax_Rates_Import
- WP_Importer
- WC_CSV_Tax_Rates_Import
Package: WooCommerce\Admin\Importers
Author: WooThemes
Located at admin/importers/tax-rates-importer.php
Author: WooThemes
Located at admin/importers/tax-rates-importer.php
Methods summary
public
|
|
public
|
|
public
|
|
public
|
|
public
|
|
public
boolean
|
#
handle_upload( )
Handles the CSV upload and initial parsing of the file to prepare for displaying author import options |
public
|
|
public
|
|
public
|
|
public
integer
|
#
bump_request_timeout( )
Added to http_request_timeout filter to force timeout at 60 seconds during import |
Magic methods summary
Properties summary
public
mixed
|
$id | |
public
mixed
|
$file_url | |
public
mixed
|
$import_page | |
public
mixed
|
$delimiter | |
public
array
|
$posts | |
public
mixed
|
$imported | |
public
mixed
|
$skipped |


---
layout: post
title: 2/27 schoolwork
date: '2014-02-28T21:25:00.002-07:00'
author: Jacob .
tags:
- homeschool-journal
modified_time: '2014-02-28T21:25:31.623-07:00'
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6400085873105072120.post-1752209645089484887
blogger_orig_url: http://www.svlark.com/2014/02/227-schoolwork.html
---
Math
- number bond cards
History
- Read the second section of SotWV1 Ch 32 on Qin Huangdi and the six warring kingdoms.
- Answered review questions.
- dictation and narration
Spelling
- 20 stars


Vote on April 3rd, 2018!
Working to make Eau Claire a better place to live has been a passion of mine for the last 15 years, and I have had the pleasure of organizing alongside so many of my fellow citizens to help get us to where we are today. I feel I’ve become a leader who listens and acts upon the ambitions of this community, and I have a track record of helping citizens get involved and make a difference.
Through advocacy and hard work I helped to create the Chippewa Valley Bike Map (2015), the City of Eau Claire Sustainability Advisory Committee (2014), and expanded community gardens and bike and walking trails throughout the city. We are now a state leader in clean energy.
I could not have done this alone, but by working in cooperation with the city and with as many citizens as possible, we have been successful. As a council member, I will make city government even more inclusive and welcoming of civic participation.
I will be working hard to earn your vote for Eau Claire City Council on Tuesday, April 3rd!
Sincerely,


WritePreferenceFloat()
Syntax
WritePreferenceFloat(Key$, Value.f)Description
Creates or changes the specified key and its associated float value under the form: 'Key$ = Value' in the preference file, previously created with CreatePreferences() or opened with OpenPreferences().
Parameters
Key$ The key name to write. If PreferenceGroup() has been used, then the write is restricted to the current group. If the key was already created, its associated value is replaced with the new specified value. Value The float value to associate with the key.
Return value
None.
Example
; Create the preference file prefs.txt If CreatePreferences(GetTemporaryDirectory()+"Prefs.txt", #PB_Preference_GroupSeparator) PreferenceGroup("Window") WritePreferenceString("Title", "PureNote") WritePreferenceLong ("X", 100) WritePreferenceLong ("Y", 125) WritePreferenceInteger("I", 1024) WritePreferenceQuad("Q",<PHONE_NUMBER>854775807) WritePreferenceFloat("%", 20.10) WritePreferenceDouble("D", 0.0123456789 ) ClosePreferences() RunProgram(GetTemporaryDirectory()+"Prefs.txt") EndIf
See Also
WritePreferenceDouble(), WritePreferenceInteger(), WritePreferenceLong(), WritePreferenceQuad(), WritePreferenceString()
Supported OS
All


WebNN Workload
Category
Image Classification
Object Detection
Skeleton Detection
Semantic Segmentation
Super Resolution
Facial Landmark Detection
Emotion Analysis
Model
Backend
Preference
SUSTAINED_SPEED
FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER
LOW_POWER
None
Iterations
1(warming up) +
Eager Mode
Select All
Uncheck All
ADD
ATROUS_CONV_2D
ATROUS_DEPTHWISE_CONV_2D
AVERAGE_POOL_2D
CONCATENATION
CONV_2D
DEPTHWISE_CONV_2D
FULLY_CONNECTED
MAX_POOL_2D
MUL
RESHAPE
RESIZE_BILINEAR
SOFTMAX
ARGMAX
Pick Image
Run
(It will take several minutes)


| # | Subject | Topic | Hours | State |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Physics | Fluid Mechanics | 20 Hrs. | Open |
| 2 | Physics | Current Electricity | 15 Hrs. | Open |
| 3 | Physics | Modern Physics | 25 Hrs. | Close |
| 4 | Chemistry | Chemical Bonding | 20 Hrs. | Open |
| 5 | Chemistry | General Organic Chemistry | 15 Hrs. | Open |
| 6 | Chemistry | Thermodynamics | 25 Hrs. | Close |
| 7 | Mathematics | Relation & Function | 20 Hrs. | Open |
| 8 | Mathematics | Trigeonometry | 15 Hrs. | Open |
| 8 | Mathematics | Probability | 25 Hrs. | Close |


This is a guide to the nosh package. You can find reference documentation in the package itself. Each command has a manual page, accessible through the normal man or info commands.
man
info
rc
/etc/fstab
/etc/rc.conf
rc.conf
/etc/ttys
cyclog


Copyright © 2008-2009 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply.
As support for Web technologies grows, it is important that tests writers develop test suites that will work as well as possible across devices. This document offers guidance in the form of simple guidelines to follow to create device-independent tests.
This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
This is the First Public Working Group Note of the Device Independent Testing Guidelines that represent the consensus of the participants of the by the Mobile Web Initiative Test Suite Working Group, part of the Mobile Web Initiative. The Working Group is seeking feedback on the level of details in which these guidelines should go, and what other guidelines should be included as part of the document.
Comments on, and discussions of this document can be sent on the (archived) public mailing list<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(see instructions).
Publication as a Working Group Note does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy.
This document provide a set of guidelines for writing test cases that can be run effectively across devices, in particular on mobile devices.
The Authoring Challenges for Device Independence [ACDI] explore these different limitations in the general context of writing device independent content, and the Mobile Web Best Practices 1.0 [MWBP] give specific guidance on writing content targeted at mobile devices.
The CSS2.1 Test Case Authoring Guidelines [CSSTCAG] provides guidance on how to write test cases, and sets device-independence as a goal. The SVG Test Suite Manual [SVGTS] also offers advices on writing test cases.
Inspired by this existing work, and based on the experience gathered by the Mobile Web Test Suites Working Group while reviewing test cases and their fitness to mobile devices [MWTSSURVEY], this document explores the specific aspects to take into account when writing test cases to ensure greater device independence.
Consider recording the browser identifier with the widely implemented
window.navigator.userAgent
, as there might be several browsers
on one device.
When designing device-independent test cases, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of most devices:
For tests that require interaction (either for running the test or for submitting results), consider:
Trying to take into account all the possible constraints of all possible devices would make writing device-independent tests impossible.
The first step towards writing device-independent test cases is thus to determine the range of devices on which the test cases would need or are likely to be run. To make that assessment:
In any case, it is always a good idea to document in the test suites what are the minimal expected requirements to run the tests, and possibly which test cases require a certain level of support.
Screen size matters when designing visual test cases - e.g. where the tester needs to assess whether the rendering of a test cases matches a reference rendering.
Across devices, the following screen parameters vary widely:
In general, to avoid problems when running test across devices:
Bad test:
Good test:
To avoid hitting memory limitations of the devices on which the technology under test run:
The characteristics of network access across devices vary greatly, in particular in terms of bandwidth available, the latency induced by network requests, and the cost of transferring content over the network.
To cater for test environments where network is slow or costly:
CPU-intensive operations on mobile devices can drain the battery, and are likely to be much slower than on larger hardware. As a result:
Most mobile devices have limited capabilities when it comes to plugins, additional fonts, or software extensions in general. As a result:
Many mobile devices don't provide a full keyboard, and thus require several key press to enter a given character.
A number of tests do require specific features to be available for the test to work. These requirements could be specific input devices or device APIs, XmlHttpRequest, SVG or similar.


Welcome to the picimo repository!
api-docs
Examples (local)
hello-world
nobinger
canvas
Examples (picimo-examples)
benchy
picture
legendary-mazes
Examples (unfinished)
scroll
kastani


Test 2
Test 2 is a success!


I hold a Master's Degree in Computer Science from the Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE) which is a Mexican research institute. I am interested on distributed systems, formal methods and mobile sensor networks. My master thesis was supervised by the doctors: Saúl Pomares Hernandez, Jesus A. Gonzalez and José Roberto Pérez Cruz. My thesis on bio-inspired data foraging relates the abstract notion of indirect communication with the spatial and temporal causality of events in order to identify regions of interest in an unknown and dynamic environment.
INAOE


This is the API documentation for 'heroku-2.8.5 Documentation'.
[Validate]
Generated with the Darkfish Rdoc Generator 2.


(α-β order) Youngjin Bae, Jung Hee Cheon, Jaehyung Kim, Jai Hyun Park, Damien Stehlé
(가나다순) By 김재형, 박재현, 배영진, 천정희, Damien Stehlé
(To appear) In CRYPTO 2023
(α-β order) By Jung Hee Cheon, Wootae Kim, Jai Hyun Park
(가나다순) By 김우태, 박재현, 천정희
In TIFS 2022
By Garam Lee*, Minsoo Kim*, Jai Hyun Park*, Seung-won Hwang, Jung Hee Cheon
In NAACL 2022 (short)
By Jai Hyun Park, Jung Hee Cheon, Dongwoo Kim
In IJIS 2022
By Seungwan Hong, Jai Hyun Park, Wonhee Cho, Hyeongmin Choe, Jung Hee Cheon
(α-β order) By Jung Hee Cheon, Duhyeong Kim, Jai Hyun Park
In SAC 2019
By Hee Hoon Kim, Seung Hyo Kang, Jai Hyun Park, Hyun Ho Ha, Dong Hoon Lim
By 김희훈, 강승효, 박재현, 하현호, 임동훈
In The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics 2012
[paper]
By Hee Hoon Kim, Seung Hyo Kang, Jai Hyun Park, Hyun Ho Ha, Jin soo Lim, Dong Hoon Lim
By 김희훈, 강승효, 박재현, 하현호, 임진수, 임동훈
In The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics 2011
[paper]


January 2015 ~ Present
Company: Conical Software Ltd
Position: Web Developer, User Interface Creator & Director
Key Skills
HTML •
Javascript •
CSS •
Angular •
jQuery •
NodeJS •
Swift
Responsibilities
It is my job to build nice looking interfaces for the software we build. My role is not a graphic designer, but a UI designer. The interfaces I design need to be well thought out, intuitive and promote user adoption. I have to think about the entire user experience, and the process a user has to go through to complete various tasks. The UIs we build interact with a RESTful API designed by other guys in the team.
I also build mobile apps for iOS, these often communicate with the very same APIs as our web front end software.
August 2011 ~ October 2014
Company: Divine Ideas Ltd
Position: Web Developer/Designer & Director
Key Skills
PHP •
Codeigniter •
HTML •
Javascript •
CSS •
jQuery •
NodeJS •
Sever Management •
Cordova
Responsibilities
It was my job to design and build complex management systems. We built several systems, the main one of which was a church management system. It was my responsibility to design the structure of the system, and the servers that it ran on. As the systems grew bigger, my job evolved more into front-end development, as more people were employed to manage the servers and develop the backend, although I still helped develop the backend systems.
The church management software grew to be quite big, so we separated out the separate parts and built several smaller systems that communicated with each other in a variety of ways.
Whilst at Divine we also engaged in several other projects, including:
- Joomla Websites
- Magento Websites
- Cordova Hybrid Apps
July 2010 ~ August 2011
Company: Everyday Champions Center
Position: Conference Staff & Internship Participant
Key Skills
Conference Organisation •
Website Building/Maintenance •
General IT Support
Responsibilities
Primarily I was taking part in the internship program run by the church. This included Bible study, essay writing and lots of reading. I also volunteered as conference staff to help out with the day-to-day running of the centre. This included booking and organising conference clients, maintaining the website, and general IT support for staff. It was during this year that I first started to build the church management system that later turned into Divine Ideas.
Menial Stuff
I have been in constant employment since I was 14. Including:
- Glass collecting
- Pot washing
- Chefing
- Bar work


Press n or j to go to the next uncovered block, b, p or k for the previous block.
| File | Statements | Branches | Functions | Lines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| broadcast/src |
|
80.73% | 155/192 | 71.54% | 88/123 | 89.47% | 17/19 | 82.18% | 143/174 |
| core/__tests__ |
|
91.49% | 43/47 | 100% | 6/6 | 78.95% | 15/19 | 90.48% | 38/42 |
| core/src |
|
85.06% | 74/87 | 74.42% | 32/43 | 92.31% | 12/13 | 87.8% | 72/82 |
| display-ctrl/__tests__ |
|
97.89% | 93/95 | 100% | 8/8 | 87.5% | 28/32 | 97.33% | 73/75 |
| display-ctrl/src |
|
73.33% | 187/255 | 50.77% | 99/195 | 83.87% | 26/31 | 74.3% | 185/249 |
| enet-pbws/__tests__/protojs |
|
24.22% | 364/1503 | 7.8% | 74/949 | 30.18% | 51/169 | 25.48% | 356/1397 |
| enet-pbws/protobuf/library |
|
23.4% | 645/2756 | 4.44% | 65/1463 | 21.65% | 89/411 | 23.85% | 632/2650 |
| enet-pbws/src |
|
64.32% | 265/412 | 51.03% | 74/145 | 60% | 36/60 | 65.25% | 246/377 |
| enet/dist/cjs/lib |
|
45.92% | 163/355 | 32.58% | 86/264 | 37.5% | 24/64 | 46.31% | 163/352 |
| enet/src |
|
86.26% | 314/364 | 74.24% | 196/264 | 76.67% | 46/60 | 87.18% | 306/351 |
| layer/__tests__ |
|
100% | 41/41 | 75% | 6/8 | 77.78% | 14/18 | 100% | 38/38 |
| layer/src |
|
94.2% | 65/69 | 78.13% | 25/32 | 100% | 12/12 | 95.38% | 62/65 |
| obj-pool/src |
|
82.54% | 208/252 | 68.49% | 100/146 | 87.18% | 34/39 | 82.38% | 201/244 |


After some experimentation, namely ecstacy and marijuana, I decided I needed to find out what shrooms were like. Weeks before I tried them, I decided to abstain from weed and other drugs because I wasn't feeling comfortable with those drugs anymore. I felt like I needed to stop doing drugs completely. My friend, Warren, bought an 1/8 of an ounce of magic mushrooms and convinced me to try them with him. The person who supplied it to him stressed not to do more than a gram, because they were surprisingly strong. Being the somewhat experienced buyers, we knew that dealers always talk up their production, so my friend didn't take his suggestion seriously. So he ingested 2 grams of mushrooms, and since it was my first time I ingested close to a gram, just to be safe.
It might seem funny to you, but my friend and I took the mushrooms in school, in his boardinghouse after classes had ended. I ate them with an ease that made me somewhat uncomfortable, because it supported the notion that drugs like me and go down easy with me. I went to play some pool, and guess what?! The assistant housemaster of the boardinghouse comes and talks to me and my friend. Usually when I'm under the influence of drugs it is very hard for people to notice what state I'm in. So it didn't seem like much of a challenge to remain under good behaviour around the housemaster when the shrooms kicked in.
I didn't realize it, because of the smoothness of it all, but the mushrooms began to hit me as I was talking about politics and religion casually with the housemaster. It was all like a game in my head, trying to remain in control and sound intelligent until we could figure out a way to get out of the boardinghouse, and I felt very confident. My arm began to shake nervously as I held it stuffed in my pocket. As I was talking, my confidence and self appreciation grew and I felt a little bit taller. I thought that the lettering on my shirt was really the drawstring of a hood on my shirt, that wasn't there. My friend and I masterfully left the housemaster with ease and decided to head out soon.
Before we left I checked my eyes in the mirror and my pupils were completely dilated. Warren and I walked outside and headed towards the nearest subway station. With weed, I would sometimes feel confused and paranoid. Ecstacy was very different, because it didn't really confuse me. My mushroom-induced high wasn't very different either, it was very clean. When we came to the first intersection, I realized that colours were changing. I couldn't believe that I was getting open-eye visuals off of not even a gram of shrooms.
I looked at streetlamps in the distance, and like ecstacy, the light was distorted, and the lamps all looked like stars. I looked at the streetlamp above me and told my friend to look at my eyes. I saw a rainbow circle surrounding the streetlamp and my friend told me that my pupils kept on fluctuating in diameter. I looked at the traffic light and stared at the red light. The red colour of the light was soon replaced by an orange colour and then back again by the red colour. This constant change in the way I interpreted the colour of the traffic light was so compelling. I felt satisfied with the shrooms, even though my friend had not felt the effects yet after taking more than twice the amount I took! but he soon would.
My state of mind was still as clear as normal. I could think well about things, and I just felt so relaxed. I didn't feel intoxicated or drugged up at all. It was all so natural to me. The smoothness draped over me outside, in the subway, and on the way to my friend's house. On the subway my friend was so observant, he kept on dazing off completely and staring at things. He told me to look at my hand. As I did so I experienced something that I had when I smoked some good weed, as I started, the points around my focus began to expand outward, so that my palm looked like it was stretching, growing outward, but at the same time staying the same size. The lines on my hand looked like they were shifting. The red colour of my backpack seemed so bright. I figured that red was a fun colour to look at after seeing the traffic light and looking at my bag.
The game was on again when my friend and I arrived at his house. His mom and his sister were home, and we seemed to make a good impression. I felt much more assured than I did when I was high and had to keep it under control, so there were no problems inside his house. I still felt pretty tall, and I think I was peaking. Everything seemed bigger, or becoming bigger as I stared. The great thing about the whole mushroom induced experience was that it really wasn't a trip, it was a high. When I picked up the phone, My hand looked like a big glob to my side. I began to feel a little bit apprehensive about my friend because I knew that he was definately feeling different, and he kept on looking at random objects. So, naturally, I felt a need to get out of his house, for him at least, because I didn't want his mom to figure out that her son is acting kind of funny.
I told Warren how I felt and that we should go see a movie. We agreed and he told me he'd take a five-minute shower. I picked up Maxim and read through it, while waiting for my friend who took more like 20 minutes in the shower. I knew what he was doing, he was staring at random stuff again.  The magazine in my lap looked big, and I felt I was handling the high pretty well. Nothing bad was happening, and even though I never really listened to reggae, it sounded so good on the radio that night. I felt really comfortable with my mental, and thought my friend's random concentration on ordinary objects was kind of funny. We went out and went to the movie theater.
On the way to the movie theater, we notice that everything seemed so desolate, but it didn't matter, I was so calm with the high that I felt like doing anything, even if I didn't like it. The roads had been covered with snow from a storm earlier on in the day. So much so that schools were cancelled. It was pretty late, and I had no worries when I saw cars were slipping and sliding on the roads. Warren described the whole scene as a 'big bubble bath'. I felt soo happy when I heard him say something that was actually funny, after having seen him go into an introspective, observant state from the shrooms.
I ate a pizza at the movies, and it was purple! It took me longer than usual to eat the pizza. My friend and I both agree that we felt pretty tall. Its actually pretty wierd that people feel the same things when they trip together.  The only aspects of my world that changed as a result of the mushrooms was my interpretation of colours, and my mood. Everything else remained intact, my thought process did not stray from the norm, nor did I say anything that seemed strange. My comfort in the high was almost addictive, I wanted to feel that comfort forever. The greatest thing was that when I went to bed, I realized that the mushroom experience, is just an experience, and should not be forced into everyday life. I'm glad for this realization, because it helped me come down from the whole experience much better. The magic mushrooms I ate produced the cleanest high I ever felt in my life.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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Do not plan for FIRE
Most advice I see regarding FIRE is to do the following:
- Put all your income and spending on a spreadsheet
- Set FIRE "goal". This is usually some point in time in which you want achive FIRE.
- Adapt your income, spending, investments to line up with your first "goal". This sometimes involves running some form of simulation to determine your success percentage.
It is not worth spending time setting FIRE goals and creating a plan to accomplish them. Personal finance is a constantly changing, difficult to predict system. Asset valuations are not stable and are difficult to predict. This is not disputed. Investments for FIRE tend to be those that favor stable long term growth to mitigate this risk.
The important part, income and spending are not stable.
This means any FIRE plan can be instantly invalided by any significant change to your income and spending. Just had a kid? New promotion? Rent increase? Back to the spreadsheet you go. This can also make your previous FIRE "goal" invalided, defeating your previous expectations.
> What should be done instead?
I will refer to an idea analogous to software development. You can
So what would this "incremental FIRE" look like? Everyone spending time researching FIRE and adapting their finances around it, has a shared task in order to achive their goals. The task is to build wealth. Wealth is built by minimizing spending, and maximizing income. The remaining savings is placed into assets as wealth.
Don't spend time planning and creating date-based expectations for your financial independence. Instead, spend time optimizing your current income and spending to build wealth. This is an iterative process. Keep track of your spending vs income frequently, I review mine monthly. If you are spending too much, you can adjust your spending habits accordingly.
> How do I know if I'm spending too much, or too little?
This is the optimization problem you will need to solve based on your personal financial situation. To reach a better answer, spend time understanding the problem. How much do you value wealth over what you will receive by spending now?
As your wealth grows, so does the likelihood of achiving your FIRE goals. There is no set date in which suddenly, you achive FIRE. It is an incremental process, so your approach should follow.


Report: Bournemouth expect Nathan Ake bid amid Tottenham interest
by Jordan HarrisAccording to a report from The Sun on Sunday (17/11; page 67), Bournemouth are bracing themselves for a massive bid for Nathan Ake with Manchester City and Tottenham Hotspur set to target a new defender in January.
Ake has been a revelation for the Cherries. The 24-year-old has started all 12 league games for Eddie Howe’s men this season, and it appears that he has plenty of admirers.
The Sun on Sunday (17/11; page 67) reports that Bournemouth are planning a move for Preston North End defender Ben Davies, with Ake’s future leaving them with cause for concern.
The report notes that Spurs and Pep Guardiola’s men are looking for a new centre-back in January. And it appears that the £40 million-rated Dutchman could prove to be a potential target.
TBR View – Tottenham should prioritise Ake move
Mauricio Pochettino certainly needs to use January to give everyone at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium a boost. They sit 14th in the table, and are significantly closer to the bottom three than top four.
With uncertainty surrounding Jan Vertonghen and Toby Alderweireld, Ake would arguably be a smart signing. Not only can the former Chelsea man help address their defensive problems, but he can also push slightly further forward into midfield if required.
He also has experience of working in a back three or four. So Pochettino should arguably jump at the chance to add him to his ranks when January arrives.
And with Bournemouth reportedly eyeing up a replacement, Spurs may perhaps find that their divisional rivals are more open to accepting a significant offer.
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Dara O'Briain (born 1972-02-04[ref]) has appeared in 288 episodes between 1998-2019. Dara O'Briain on IMDB. Dara O'Briain on Wikipedia. Dara O'Briain on Chortle.
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Malaria is considered as one of the major public health problems and among the diseases of poverty. In areas of stable and relatively high transmission, pregnant women and their newborn babies are among the higher risk groups. A multicentre trial on the safety and efficacy of several formulations of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) during pregnancy is currently on-going in four African countries, including Zambia, whose study site is in Nchelenge district. As the study outcomes may be influenced by the local malaria endemicity, this needs to be characterized. A cross-sectional survey to determine the prevalence and intensity of infection among <10 years old was carried out in March-April 2012 in Nchelenge district.
The sampling unit was the household where all children < 10 years of age were included in the survey using simple random household selection on a GPS coded list. A blood sample for determining haemoglobin concentration and identifying malaria infection was collected from each recruited child.
Six hundred thirty households were selected and 782 children tested for malaria and anaemia. Prevalence of malaria infection was 30.2% (236/782), the large majority (97.9%, 231/236) being Plasmodium falciparum and the remaining ones (2.1%, 5/236) Plasmodium malariae. Anaemia, defined as haemoglobin concentration <11 g/dl, was detected in 51.2% (398/782) children.
In Zambia, despite the reported decline in malaria burden, pockets of high malaria endemicity, such as Nchelenge district, still remain. This is a border area and significant progress can be achieved only by concerted efforts aimed at increasing coverage of current control interventions across the border.
Malaria remains a major public health problem and a disease of poverty. In areas of stable and relatively high transmission, pregnant women and their newborn babies bear a high burden of malaria morbidity and mortality [ 1].
In Zambia, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is used for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (SP-IPTp) during the second and third trimester. Until recently, malaria in pregnancy was treated with quinine, which has now been replaced by artemether-lumefantrine (AL) for women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester in pregnancy; quinine is used for the management of malaria during the 1st trimester and for severe cases [ 2, 3]. To provide additional evidence on safety and efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) during pregnancy, a multicentre trial (PREGACT, Clinical Trials identifier NCT00852423) is currently on-going in four sub-Saharan African countries, including Zambia.
The Zambian study site is located in Nchelenge district, Luapula province, at the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This is an area of intense malaria transmission as the prevalence of malaria infection in children aged <5 years was 21.8% in 2008 (national average 10.3%) and that of anaemia (Haemoglobin [Hb] <11 g/dl) 55.9% (national average 49.0%) [ 4]. In 2010, the prevalence in under 5 years was as high as 50.5% in some age groups and anaemia at 79.7% [ 5]. The same malaria indicator survey provided information on the coverage of key malaria interventions, i.e. prompt effective case management, insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), and IPTp [ 6]. Considering that some of the end points of the trial on ACT in pregnancy, e.g. incidence of recurrent infections, can be influenced by the local malaria endemicity [ 1] and that no new information had been collected since 2008, a malariometric survey was carried out in Nchelenge district in March-April 2012 [ 7, 8].
The rationale of this study was that it gives a more recent data on the prevalence of malaria in a high endemic region. In places like Zambia, where overall figures indicate that malaria is declining, there are still pockets of high endemicity, which are complicated by perfect breeding grounds for anopheles mosquito and cross-border human movements. This could affect national and global malaria control strategies. The primary objective was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for malaria in Nchelenge, Luapula Province, Zambia.
Nchelenge district, Luapula province, is located on the swampy shores of Lake Mweru, and has a population of 178,000 inhabitants, mostly peasant farmers and/or fishermen. The district has one first level hospital, ten rural health centres and two health posts. The survey was done in the catchment areas (total population of 43,105) of the two health centres, Kashikishi and Nchelenge, where the PREGACT trial is currently implemented.
The household was taken as the sampling unit. The households in Nchelenge and Kashikishi health centre catchment areas were previously numbered using the Global Positioning System (GPS). Then the households were selected according to a pre-defined, computer-generated list of random numbers [ 9]. In selected households, all children below the age of 10 years were included in the survey after having obtained the signed informed consent from the parent/guardian. Two questionnaires were administered, the household questionnaire and the parent/guardian’s questionnaire which were adapted from those recommended for the malaria indicators survey [ 10, 11]. The household questionnaires include information on basic demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the households.
The sample size was determined by assuming that malaria prevalence was 22% [ 4]; using Roasoft sample size calculator [ 12], 261 sampling units or households were needed to estimate such prevalence at 5% precision with a 95% confidence interval. Nevertheless, because of possible clustering within households, was assumed a conservative design effect of 2 was assumed, and a 20% adjustment was made for non-response (from household refusals or abandoned households). Based on these assumptions, it was estimated that 630 households would provide an estimate of prevalence with the desired precision.
All children <10 years of age in the selected households were asked to be included in the survey. Each study, subject was assigned a unique identifier for identification of biological samples and questionnaire data and to guarantee confidentiality. Information on bed net use, which was by observation, including long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) or previous indoor residual spraying (IRS) was collected onto the structured questionnaires.  Children with fever (axillary temperature ≥37.5°C) and a positive RDT or only a positive RDT were treated with AL, the first-line treatment in Zambia. Children found to be sick or anaemic were referred to the health care centres for further management.
Thick blood films were stained with 10% Giemsa for 10 minutes. Two hundred high power fields were read before declaring the slide negative. The parasite density was determined by counting the number of parasites against 200 white blood cells (WBC) and assuming 8,000 WBC per μl. All stained slides were read by two independent microscopists unaware of the RDT results. In case of discrepant results between the two independent microscopists, a third microscopist read the slide until reaching a satisfactory agreement on positivity/negativity or the parasite density.
Data were double entered, cleaned and analysed using Epi Info™ (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, version <IP_ADDRESS>). Further multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed using SAS version 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Mean and standard deviation were computed to describe the distribution of continuous variables, while the distribution of categorical variables was described using counts and proportions. Geometric mean and median were computed for continuous variables that did not follow a normal distribution: parasite densities and Hb concentrations. Continuous variables were compared between age groups using t-tests and categorical variable proportions by χ 2 test or Fisher’s exact test. To account for uncertainty in the prevalence estimates, the 95% confidence intervals were computed. Anaemia was defined as Hb < 11 g/dl and created a dichotomous variable where Hb ≥ 11 g/dl was defined as non-anaemic. The risk of anaemia and malaria was estimated by fitting a multivariable logistic regression model and adjusted for possible risk factors to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The variables included in the multivariable logistic regression model were selected a priori via extensive search of peer-reviewed literature. A two-sided p-value of ≤0.05 was used as threshold for statistical significance. The ‘survey logistic’ procedure in SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) with the option ‘clustering’ to account for the design effect of clustering within households.
Before the survey, the study protocol was approved by the scientific and technical committee (STC) of Tropical Diseases Research Centre (TDRC), the TDRC Ethical committee and the Ministry of Health. Participation in the survey was voluntary and participants were free to withdraw any time during the capture.
669 households were screened, 39 households were not responsive (21 were not available while 18 refused to participate). There was a 630/669 (94.2%) response. At this rate, the results presented are less biased. Out of the households that were responsive majority reported tubed well or borehole as main source of drinking water (87.5, 95% CI, 84.6-89.9). 90.0% (95% CI, 87.3-92.2) households had open pits or pit latrines without slabs as toilet facilities. 96.0% (95% CI, 94.1-97.4) households reported charcoal as the main source of household fuel. Most houses were made of finished brick walls (84.8%, 95% CI, 81.7-87.4) and grass thatched roofs or sticks and mud roofs (94.6%, 95% CI). In terms of owning durable goods, 83.5% (95% CI, 79.7-87.6) households owned a landline telephone or a cell phone, while a majority (64.3%, 95% CI, 60.4-68.0) also owned a bicycle (Table 1).
Seven hundred and eighty two children distributed in 630 households were enrolled in the study; girls (59.5%, 465/782) were more represented than boys (40.5%, 317/782) (p < 0.005). The median age was five years (IQR, 3–8), with the 7–10 years age group as the largest age group (37.9%, 296/782). Only about a third of children sampled (35.9%, 281/782, 95% CI, 32.6-39.4) came from a household with a bed net. Among those coming from a household with bed net 78.3% (220/281, 95% CI, 73.5-83.1) reported to have used it the previous night. Coverage of IRS was even lower, only 11.1% (87/782, 95% CI, 9.1-13.6) households had been sprayed by the local district health team (Table 1).
Baseline and selected socio-economic characteristics in children from Nchelenge District, Zambia (95% CI)
| leftbottomMales (n/N) | centerbottom40.5 (317/782) |
| leftbottomMedian age in years (IQR) | centerbottom5 (3-8) |
| leftbottomBed net ownership (95% CI) | centerbottom35.9 (32.6-39.4) |
| leftbottomSlept under a bed net last night (95% CI) | centerbottom78.3 (73.5-83.1) |
| leftbottomTaken anti-malarial treatment during last month (95% CI) | centerbottom63.7 (60.2-67.0) |
| leftbottomIndoor residual spraying last year (95% CI) | centerbottom11.1 (9.1-13.6) |
| leftbottomMother’s education (95% CI) | centerbottom |
| leftbottom Primary | centerbottom77.0 (73-82) |
| leftbottom Secondary | centerbottom20.0 (16-25) |
| leftbottom Tertiary | centerbottom2.0 (1-4) |
| leftbottomAverage number of individuals/household (95% CI) | centerbottom3.2 (3.1-3.3) |
| leftbottomSource of drinking water (95% CI) | centerbottom |
| leftbottom Pipe into dwelling/yard/plot/public tap | centerbottom1.4 (0.4-4.5) |
| leftbottom Tube well/borehole | centerbottom87.5 (84.6-89.9) |
| leftbottom Dug well | centerbottom6.5 (4.3-10.0) |
| leftbottom Surface water: river/dam/lake/spring/pond | centerbottom4.1 (2.0-8.2) |
| leftbottomToilet type (95% CI) | centerbottom |
| leftbottom Flush or pour flush | centerbottom2.6 (1.1-6.0) |
| leftbottom Ventilated improved pit latrine/pit latrine with slab | centerbottom6.0 (3.8-9.5) |
| leftbottom Pit latrine without slab/open pit | centerbottom90.0 (87.3-92.2) |
| leftbottom Compositing toilet/hanging toilet latrine/toilet | centerbottom0.8 (0.1-3.6) |
| leftbottomHouse wall material (95% CI) | centerbottom |
| leftbottom Natural wall | centerbottom5.7 (4.0-8.7) |
| leftbottom Rudimentary wall | centerbottom4.4 (2.6-8.3) |
| leftbottom Finished wall bricks | centerbottom84.8 (81.7-87.4) |
| leftbottom Finished wall cement/stone with lime/cement blocks | centerbottom4.6 (2.4-8.7) |
| leftbottomRoofing material (95% CI) | centerbottom |
| leftbottom Natural roof thatch/sticks and mud | centerbottom94.6 (91.7-97.61) |
| leftbottom Rudimentary roof | centerbottom0.3 (0.1-1.27) |
| leftbottom Finished roof iron/wood/calamine/concrete/shingles | centerbottom4.6 (2.8-8.4) |
| leftbottomSource of fuel (95% CI) | centerbottom |
| leftbottom Electricity/biogas/kerosene/coal/lignite | centerbottom1.0 (0.1-4.6) |
| leftbottom Charcoal | centerbottom96.0 (94.1-97.4) |
| leftbottom Firewood/straw | centerbottom1.4 (0.7-2.8) |
| leftbottomHousehold durable goods (95% CI) | centerbottom |
| leftbottom Radio | centerbottom22.2 (19.1-25.7) |
| leftbottom Television | centerbottom3.3 (2.1-5.1) |
| leftbottom Mobile or landline phone | centerbottom83.5 (79.7-87.6) |
| leftbottom Refrigerator | centerbottom1.8 (0.9-3.2) |
| leftbottom Bicycle | centerbottom64.3 (60.4-68.0) |
| leftbottom Motor cycle/scooter | centerbottom0.48 (0.1-1.5) |
| left Car/truck | center1.1 (0.5-2.4) |
The prevalence of malaria infection was 30.2% (236/782), the large majority (98.0%, 231/236) Plasmodium falciparum and the remaining ones Plasmodium malariae (Table 2). No mixed infection was found. Plasmodium falciparum prevalence was the lowest in the <1 year old children while it varied between 22.7% (1 years old) and 31.8% (7–10 years old) in the other age groups (Table 2 and Figure 1).
Malariometric indicators by age in children under 10 years from Nchelenge District, Zambia(N)
| leftbottom P. falciparum% (n) | centerbottom29.5 (231) | centerbottom22.7 (10) | centerbottom28.6 (20) | centerbottom29.5 (69) | centerbottom27.6 (38) | centerbottom31.8 (94) | centerbottom0.5 |
| leftbottom P. malariae% (n) | centerbottom0.7 (5) | centerbottom0.0 | centerbottom2.9 (2) | centerbottom0.4 (1) | centerbottom0.0 | centerbottom0.7 (2) | centerbottom0.4 |
| leftbottomGametocytes Pf% (n) | centerbottom1.5 (12) | centerbottom0.0 | centerbottom1.4 (1) | centerbottom0.9 (2) | centerbottom1.5 (2) | centerbottom2.4 (7) | centerbottom0.4 |
| 2lefttopMean Parasite density par/μl (95% CI) | centerbottom1,250 | centerbottom765 | centerbottom1770 | centerbottom1410 | centerbottom590 | centerbottom1,380 | 2centertop0.7 |
| centerbottom(944-1740) | centerbottom(179-2920) | centerbottom(726-4490) | centerbottom(734-2640) | centerbottom(299-1590) | centerbottom(901-2090) | ||
| 2lefttopMedian haemoglobin, g/dl (IQR) | centerbottom10.7 | centerbottom11.0 | centerbottom10.6 | centerbottom10.7 | centerbottom10.7 | centerbottom10.6 | 2centertop0.4 |
| centerbottom(10.6-10.8) | centerbottom(10.6-11.4) | centerbottom(10.2-11.1) | centerbottom(10.5-11.0) | centerbottom(10.4-11.0) | centerbottom(10.4-10.9) | ||
| leftAnaemia (Hb < 11 g/dl)% (n) | center51.2 (398) | center47.7 (21) | center55.7 (39) | center47.9 (112) | center49.3 (67) | center54.1 (159) | center0.4 |
m = months, yrs = years.
p-value used a t-test to compare proportions.
Mean parasite density and prevalence of infection by age group in children under 10 years of age in Nchelenge, Zambia (2013).
The geometric mean parasite density for P. falciparum was 1,250 parasites/μl (95% CI, 944–1,740) and varied with age, with the highest value in the 1–2 years old group, 1,770 parasites/μl (95% CI, 726–4,490), and the lowest, 590 parasites/μl (95% CI, 299–1,590) in the 5–7 years old group (p = 0.7) (Figure 1). Gametocytes were found in 12 (1.5%, 95% CI, 0.8-2.7) children, all of them P. falciparum, and were more frequent in the older age group (Table 2). No gametocytes were found in infected infants (<1 year old).
Mean Hb was 10.7 g/dl (95% CI, 10.6-10.8), ranging between 1.2 g/dl and 15.4 g/dl. About half (51.2% (398/782), 95% CI, 47.6-54.7%) of the children were anaemic (Hb < 11 g/dl) while 7.4% (58/782), (95% CI, 5.6-9.5) of them were severely anaemic (Hb < 8 g/dl). Mean Hb and anaemia did not vary with age (p = 0.7). Malaria infection was significantly associated with anaemia (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI, 1.20-2.24, p < 0.001) and such risk tended to be higher in children with the highest parasite densities (1.30, 95% CI, 0.07-22.74, p = 0. 86) (Table 3).
Predictors for anaemia and malaria in children under 10 years from Nchelenge District, 2012, Zambia
| 2lefttopMalaria | centerbottom+ | centerbottom2.11(1.56-2.85) | centerbottom1.64 (1.20-2.24) † | 2centertop<0.0001 |
| centerbottom-- | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom1.00 | ||
| 5lefttopAge-group | centerbottom> 12 m | centerbottom0.80 (0.42-1.53 | centerbottom1.22 (0.03-44.32) | centerbottom0.81 |
| centerbottom12-23 m | centerbottom0.10 (0.57-1.65) | centerbottom3.45 (0.50-23.94) | centerbottom0.40 | |
| centerbottom24-59 m | centerbottom0.80 (0.56-1.14) | centerbottom1.83 (0.58-5.79) | centerbottom0.91 | |
| centerbottom5- < 7 yrs | centerbottom0.80 (0.54-1.19) | centerbottom1.93 (0.38-0.89) | centerbottom0.87 | |
| centerbottom7- < 10 yrs | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom- | |
| 2leftbottomGender | centerbottomMales | centerbottom1.11 (0.83-1.49) | centerbottom0.52 (0.19-1.40) | centerbottom |
| centerbottomFemales | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom0.46 | |
| 2lefttopParasite density | centerbottom>2000 | centerbottom1.20 (0.68-2.10) | centerbottom1.30 (0.07-22.74) | centerbottom0.86 |
| centerbottom≤2000 | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom- | |
| 5leftbottom Risk factors for malaria infection | ||||
| 5lefttopAge-group | centerbottom> 12 m | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom- |
| centerbottom12-23 m | centerbottom1.36 (0.57-3.26) | centerbottom1.13 (0.17-7.58) | centerbottom0.90 | |
| centerbottom24-59 m | centerbottom1.42 (0.67-3.04) | centerbottom4.23 (0.90-19.98) | centerbottom0.06 | |
| centerbottom5- < 7 yrs | centerbottom1.29 (0.58-2.87) | centerbottom6.00 (1.22-29.51) | centerbottom0.03 | |
| centerbottom7- < 10 yrs | centerbottom1.58 (0.75-3.34) | centerbottom2.94 (0.62-13.86) | centerbottom0.17 | |
| 2lefttopFemale | centerbottomMales | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom |
| centerbottomFemales | centerbottom1.13 (0.82-1.54) | centerbottom1.33 (0.73-2.42) ‡ | centerbottom0.36 | |
| 3lefttopMother education | centerbottomPrimary | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom |
| centerbottomSecondary | centerbottom0.89 (0.51-1.67) | centerbottom1.29 (0.53-3.13) ‡ | centerbottom0.59 | |
| centerbottomTertiary | centerbottom0.83 (0.17-4.17) | centerbottom0 | centerbottom0.97 | |
| 2lefttopIndoor residual spraying | centerbottomYes | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom |
| centerbottomNo | centerbottom0.80 (0.49-1.29) | centerbottom0.81 (0.38-1.75) ‡ | centerbottom0.59 | |
| 2lefttopBed net use | centerbottomYes | centerbottom1.00 | centerbottom | centerbottom |
| centerNo | center1.48 (0.67-3.26) | center1.70 (0.73-3.95) ‡ | center0.22 |
†adjusted for age, gender, and parasite density. ‡adjusted for indoor residual spraying, age, gender and mother education. Age group was adjusted for bed net use and indoor residual spraying.
The risk of malaria infection was neither different in bed net users (AOR = 0.59, 95% CI, 0.31-3.95, p = 0.22) nor in households sprayed the previous year (OR = 1.23, 95% CI, 0.77-2.01, p = 0.36). The age specific odds show that children 3- < 5 years and those from 5- > 7 years who did not use bed nets the previous night and are in homes not sprayed are more likely to have a malaria infection than those who use bed nets and have their homes sprayed (OR = 6.00, 95% CI, 1.22-29.51, p = 0.03; OR = 4.23, 95% CI, 0.90-19.98, p = 0.06) (Table 3).
This malaria indicator survey, using the World Health Organization (WHO) survey tools, provides a recent estimation of the malaria burden in Nchelenge district. The prevalence of both malaria infection and anaemia was similar to those found in national surveys for Luapula province [ 13], a result that contrasts with the overall declining trend of malaria in Zambia [ 14]. Prior national surveys have reported a higher resurgence of malaria in Luapula province than other regions [ 5]. This could be attributed to seasonality of malaria.
It is important to notice that Nchelenge borders the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), with substantial population movements across the borders, and is difficult to reach due to poor terrain, possibly explaining the low coverage of control interventions. Indeed, only a third of the children included in the survey stated to have a bed net and even less used it the previous night. As IRS, only a small proportion of the sampled houses had received this intervention so that any impact on the local vector population is unlikely. It is unknown what the coverage of control interventions may be on the other side of the border but probably not higher than that in Nchelenge, more likely lower. In these conditions, the prevalence of malaria and anaemia found by this survey are not surprising as they reflect the extremely low coverage of ITN and IRS. However, even in case of a better coverage, prevalence may still have been high as the important population movements between Zambia and DRC would maintain the local human reservoir and hence malaria transmission. A significant reduction in the malaria burden in this region may be achieved only through a close collaboration between the national control programmes of both countries. Other countries sharing borders like South Africa, Mozambique and Swaziland in a programme called the Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative (LSDI) have achieved spectacular successes in reducing cross-border malaria burden [ 15].
The mean parasite density in the children included in this survey, most of them asymptomatic, was relatively high, particularly in the 1–2 years old age group, confirming Nchelenge as an area of intense malaria transmission. Prevalence of malaria would probably have been higher if molecular methods to detect infection had been used. Following continuous exposure to malaria infection, children develop partial immunity and are able to tolerate relatively high parasite densities. Access to treatment seems high as more than 60% of children’s parents stated they had taken an antimalarial treatment the month prior to the survey. However, information on the quality and the source of treatment was not collected during the survey so that it is impossible to know if this was of adequate quality and dosage. The apparently frequent administration of antimalarial treatment is just an indicator of the importance of malaria in this setting.
The prevalence of gametocytes was relatively low though probably a higher number of children with gametocytaemia could have been identified by using molecular methods. Detecting gametocytes in thick blood smears, particularly when present at low densities, is a challenge even for experienced microscopists [ 16]. Indeed, detecting of P falciparum gametocytes by microscopy can miss most of the gametocyte carriers [ 17- 19] as they are present at an extremely low density though they can still be infectious to mosquitoes [ 20- 22].
This was the weakness of this study in which gametocytes were examined on thick smears.
Coverage by bed nets and IRS was low and this may explain the higher prevalence of malaria infection. However, recent data seem to indicate a problem of emerging resistance to pyrethroids and DDT among the vector population in Nchelenge [ 23]. Neighbouring countries, such as Mozambique, have found similar patterns of resistance to pyrethroids [ 24]. If this is confirmed, increasing coverage of both insecticide-treated bed nets and IRS would have a lower than expected impact as ITN would just act as mechanical barriers.
The logistic multivariable analyses found that children did not use bed nets and are in households not sprayed have a higher risk of malaria infection in the age 2 to 7 years. This is the age group that is just weaned from the mother and would not be under a bed net nor cover themselves from mosquito bites. This study also confirms that malaria affects haemoglobin levels in communities where children bear the brunt of the malaria burden [ 25, 26] and high levels of anaemia are seen as in other parts of Africa as Kenya and Tanzania [ 27, 28]. Further, children with malaria infection have a higher risk of anaemia, having higher anaemia levels than those without malaria affecting children in many ways including poor performance [ 29].
The limitations of this work is that it was carried out in relatively smaller or narrow geographical focus. This could over- or underestimate the bed net or IRS coverage and indeed malaria prevalence. Since malaria presents with some seasonality, the study was done at the end of the rainy season but there could be differences in the dry season. Sociodemographic data were collected via self-reporting and, therefore, self-report, recall bias, and social desirability bias cannot be ruled out. Cognisant of this potential bias, the study interviewers made efforts to enhance truthful reporting. The nature of the cross-sectional survey does not permit causal inference of the observed association. In conclusion, even though overall figures indicate that malaria is declining in Zambia, there are still pockets of high endemicity such as the Nchelenge district. This district is on the shores of Lake Mweru and neighbouring DR Congo. Malaria will be controlled only by concerted efforts across borders aiming at increasing coverage of preventive intervention and prompt access to diagnosis and antimalarial treatment.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
All authors contributed to the design of the study and assisted with data interpretation. MN and PM coordinated the study and supervised the enrolment, data collection and entry. PM did the laboratory analysis and study participants enrolment. JPVG, MM and UDA participated in analysis of data. All authors participated in the preparation of the manuscript and approved the final version. All read and approved the final manuscript.
We acknowledge the data research assistants in Nchelenge, the DMO, Chief Kambwali for allowing us carry the study in their area. The study team also acknowledge the children and their parents/guardians of Nchelenge district for participating in the study. TDRC staff Samson Mwale who did the quality control, Bridget Musonda and Lucy Phiri who did the data entry. We acknowledge David Mwakazanga and Dr Webster Kasongo for helping in data analysis. Sources of funding: EDCTP through Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.


--- title: scanstat keywords: fastai sidebar: home_sidebar summary: "The functions that help detect clusters in point processes" ---
Python implementation of the hypothesis-free multiple scan statistic with variable window for detecting clusters in point processes (L. Cucala. A hypothesis-free multiple scan statistic with variable window. Biom. J., 50 (2008), pp. 299-310). The algorithm uses a Monte Carlo procedure to compute p-values.
See the below example using data from Knox, G. (1959). Secular pattern of congenital oesophageal atresia. British Journal of Preventive Social Medecine 13, 222–226.
knox_1959 = [170, 316, 445, 468, 938, 1034, 1128, 1233, 1248, 1249,
1252, 1259, 1267, 1305, 1385, 1388, 1390, 1446, 1454,
1458, 1461, 1491, 1583, 1699, 1702, 1787, 1924, 1974,
2049, 2051, 2067, 2075, 2108, 2151, 2174, 2191]
clusters = get_clusters(knox_1959)
clusters # p-value does not match Cucala, whoops!
print(knox_1959[7], knox_1959[21])


[gecode-users] Help to express a constraint
Christian Schulte
cschulte at kth.se
Thu Jun 5 16:20:17 CEST 2014
Hi Philippe,
Both are not possible due to restrictions in C++...
Cheers
Christian
--
Christian Schulte, Professor of Computer Science, KTH,
www.ict.kth.se/~cschulte/
-----Original Message-----
From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf
Of Philippe
Sent: Wednesday, June 04, 2014 8:12 PM
To: users at gecode.org
Subject: Re: [gecode-users] Help to express a constraint
Sorry for the wrong form i've provided.
Here is an example of what i wanted to express :
1) Given the fact that Status and Succ are matrix interfaces of
two IntVarArray and t, m are integers, the expression :
expr(*this, Status(Succ(t,m), m) != 3); // don't compile
is more "elegant" than :
expr(*this, element(Status.row(m), Succ(t,m)) != 3)
But it seems difficult to implement the first one.
2) I have another exemple in mind :
expr(*this, Succ(t,m) != t); // don't compile
For now, one have to write this to compile :
IntVar T(*this, t, t);
expr(*this, Succ(t,m) != T);
Anyway, it's just syntaxic sugar... sorry to bother you with these remarks.
Best,
Philippe
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Need for donations at critical point, says veterans' food bank
by Bill KaufmannGrowing demand among destitute military veterans has a Calgary food bank at a crisis point, say those who operate it.
The Veterans Association Food Bank has only enough food supplies to carry the organization into the new year and is hoping stepped-up donations will make it past that, said spokeswoman Marie Blackburn.
“We’d have enough to get us through our Christmas hampers, but this is a time we use to collect for all the year,” said Blackburn.

Most badly needed are crackers, canned fruit, meat and seafood along with instant food mixes and toiletries, she said.
One item they’re well-stocked with is pasta sauce, though ingredients to combine with that would be welcome, said Blackburn.
The food bank, which began operating in October 2018 and whose client number has grown to 200, also requires cash donations that assist needy veterans in other ways while also keeping the charity operating, said Blackburn.
Related
“We’re also helping a lot of people stay in their homes, with medications, rent bills,” she said. “We find they don’t have heat in their homes.”
Since last spring, the food bank has spent about $50,000 in cash donations to purchase food and help pay veterans’ bills.
Those associated with the food bank have even procured a donated used vehicle for a young family down on their luck, she said.
Military veteran Mike Nelson said he was introduced as a client at the food bank when he needed emotional support while battling PTSD.
He now helps other veterans with similar issues who are clients at the food bank.
“I came here for support to rebuild myself and now I’m able to give back to my brothers and sisters … this place has literally saved lives,” said Nelson, 49.
“There’s a lot more here than food, though that’s obviously important to fill bellies.”
Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry veteran Todd Gilman said when he exhausted his benefits, the food bank became a lifeline.
“I found myself in a very bad place with no food or money,” said Gilman.
“I was at the end of my rope, but then I reached out to the Veterans Association Food Bank.”
The food bank covered both his bills and food needs, he said.
Cash donations can be made online at veteransassociationfoodbank.ca while money and food can also be dropped off at the charity at Bay 10, 820 28th St. N.E.
on Twitter: @BillKaufmannjrn