To show or hide the layers dialog, the menu command is File: Layers. The dialog is dockable and floatable, meaning you can move it around and attach it to other sides of the Enviro window, wherever it is most convenient for you.
Different kinds of layers will be displayed depending on whether you are in Terrain View or Earth View.
Several kinds of layers may be used on the terrain:
- Structure Layers
- Abstract Layers
- Image Layers
- Vegetation Layers.
The active layer is shown in bold. You can make any
layer active by clicking on it or any of its items.
These toolbar buttons pertain to terrain layers:
| Button | Command | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Create New Layer | Can be of type Abstract (Point), Structure, or Vegetation. | ||
| Load Layer | |||
| Save Layer | Write the active layer to disk (e.g. to VTST or SHP) | ||
| Save Layer As... | |||
| Delete Layer | |||
| Zoom To | Move the camera so that the selected item is in view (for abstract layers, and individual structures). | ||
| Toggle Visibility | All layers can be visible or hidden. | ||
| Table of Features | For abstract layers, shows the Feature Info dialog. | ||
| Toggle Shadow | Toggle whether the selected item should cast a shadow, if structure shadows are enabled for this terrain. This is per structure, not per layer. | ||
| Refresh | For abstract layers, re-loads from disk and re-creates the 3D visuals. | ||
| Show All | Shows every item of every layer, which can be slow if you have many thousands. When off, only a summary of the items is shown, e.g. "Buildings: 172, Fences: 4". This makes the dialog much more responsive when there are a lot of items in the scene. |
The layers are abstract (GIS data) layers drawn on the earth as Point or Polyline data. The dialog only displays information about the filename and number of features in each layer.
You can try opening the file Data/PointData/vtp-users.shp to see the locations of the first 3859 VTP recipients.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block title %}Who is the applicant?{% endblock %} {% block body %} {% include 'partials/phase_banner_beta.html' %} {% include 'partials/validation_partial.html' %} Who is the applicant? Full name or company name {% if validation_errors and validation_errors['applicant_name'] %} {{ validation_errors['applicant_name'].inline_message }} {% endif %} Answer must be shorter than 200 characters (about 35 words) {% include 'address_fields_partial.html' %} {% endblock %} {% block scripts %} {% endblock %}
Answer must be shorter than 200 characters (about 35 words)


This week we spent our time making our own skateboards! This was a very fun process but also very time consuming. The first thing we had to do in order to make our boards was to get the materials needed. We used about 6-8 different pieces of wood and glue. So first you would lay one piece down then put glue on it then another piece would go on then more glue and you did this until all the pieces were complete.
After that we had to put our boards in a vacuum sealed bag and then seal it shut. The boards were placed on a curved piece of stirofoam and then you took a suction and pumped until their was no room left in the bag. The board would curve over the wood and that would give its curve. next we had a choice to engrave the bottom or design a sticker and i decided to go with a sticker and that was a hockey arena before a playoff game because all the lights and people up i thought it would look cool. After 24 hpurs we took our boards out of the seal and evened the wood out to make the edges the same. We used a saw like machine for the sides to cut away at the extra wood then we used a grinding wheel to make the curves even! Over all i loved this process as it was a very fun week!


WELCOME TO THE CHEESE FACTORY
we supply the best cheese you could ever taste if you wondering its only right if your check us out and decide
Solink here to get all the best supplies you have never recieved your whole entire life
we supply the best cheese you could ever taste if you wondering its only right if your check us out and decide
Solink here to get all the best supplies you have never recieved your whole entire life


| | |
- flask_wtf.form.Form(wtforms.ext.csrf.form.SecureForm)
-
- NoteForm
- NotebookForm
- SearchForm
- ShareForm
class NoteForm(flask_wtf.form.Form) |
| |
Flask-specific subclass of WTForms **SecureForm** class.
If formdata is not specified, this will use flask.request.form.
Explicitly pass formdata = None to prevent this.
:param csrf_context: a session or dict-like object to use when making
CSRF tokens. Default: flask.session.
:param secret_key: a secret key for building CSRF tokens. If this isn't
specified, the form will take the first of these
that is defined:
* SECRET_KEY attribute on this class
* WTF_CSRF_SECRET_KEY config of flask app
* SECRET_KEY config of flask app
* session secret key
:param csrf_enabled: whether to use CSRF protection. If False, all
csrf behavior is suppressed.
Default: WTF_CSRF_ENABLED config value |
| |
- Method resolution order:
- NoteForm
- flask_wtf.form.Form
- wtforms.ext.csrf.form.SecureForm
- wtforms.form.Form
- wtforms.compat.NewBase
- wtforms.form.BaseForm
- builtins.object
Data and other attributes defined here:
- body = <UnboundField(HiddenField, (), {})>
- notebook = <UnboundField(SelectField, (), {'coerce': <class 'int'>})>
- submit = <UnboundField(SubmitField, ('Submit',), {})>
- tags = <UnboundField(StringField, (), {'validators': [<function validate_tags at 0x104778378>]})>
- title = <UnboundField(StringField, ('Title:',), {'valida...orms.validators.Length object at 0x10475ab70>]})>
Methods inherited from flask_wtf.form.Form:
- __init__(self, formdata=<class 'flask_wtf.form._Auto'>, obj=None, prefix='', csrf_context=None, secret_key=None, csrf_enabled=None, *args, **kwargs)
- :param csrf_context:
Optional extra data which is passed transparently to your
CSRF implementation.
- generate_csrf_token(self, csrf_context=None)
- Implementations must override this to provide a method with which one
can get a CSRF token for this form.
A CSRF token should be a string which can be generated
deterministically so that on the form POST, the generated string is
(usually) the same assuming the user is using the site normally.
:param csrf_context:
A transparent object which can be used as contextual info for
generating the token.
- hidden_tag(self, *fields)
- Wraps hidden fields in a hidden DIV tag, in order to keep XHTML
compliance.
.. versionadded:: 0.3
:param fields: list of hidden field names. If not provided will render
all hidden fields, including the CSRF field.
- is_submitted(self)
- Checks if form has been submitted. The default case is if the HTTP
method is **PUT** or **POST**.
- validate_csrf_data(self, data)
- Check if the csrf data is valid.
.. versionadded: 0.9.0
:param data: the csrf string to be validated.
- validate_csrf_token(self, field)
- Override this method to provide custom CSRF validation logic.
The default CSRF validation logic simply checks if the recently
generated token equals the one we received as formdata.
- validate_on_submit(self)
- Checks if form has been submitted and if so runs validate. This is
a shortcut, equivalent to ``form.is_submitted() and form.validate()``
Data and other attributes inherited from flask_wtf.form.Form:
- SECRET_KEY = None
- TIME_LIMIT = None
Data descriptors inherited from wtforms.ext.csrf.form.SecureForm:
- data
Data and other attributes inherited from wtforms.ext.csrf.form.SecureForm:
- csrf_token = <UnboundField(CSRFTokenField, (), {})>
Methods inherited from wtforms.form.Form:
- __delattr__(self, name)
- Implement delattr(self, name).
- __delitem__(self, name)
- Remove a field from this form.
- __setitem__(self, name, value)
- Bind a field to this form.
- validate(self)
- Validates the form by calling `validate` on each field, passing any
extra `Form.validate_<fieldname>` validators to the field validator.
Data and other attributes inherited from wtforms.form.Form:
- Meta = <class 'wtforms.meta.DefaultMeta'>
- This is the default Meta class which defines all the default values and
therefore also the 'API' of the class Meta interface.
Methods inherited from wtforms.form.BaseForm:
- __contains__(self, name)
- Returns `True` if the named field is a member of this form.
- __getitem__(self, name)
- Dict-style access to this form's fields.
- __iter__(self)
- Iterate form fields in creation order.
- populate_obj(self, obj)
- Populates the attributes of the passed `obj` with data from the form's
fields.
:note: This is a destructive operation; Any attribute with the same name
as a field will be overridden. Use with caution.
- process(self, formdata=None, obj=None, data=None, **kwargs)
- Take form, object data, and keyword arg input and have the fields
process them.
:param formdata:
Used to pass data coming from the enduser, usually `request.POST` or
equivalent.
:param obj:
If `formdata` is empty or not provided, this object is checked for
attributes matching form field names, which will be used for field
values.
:param data:
If provided, must be a dictionary of data. This is only used if
`formdata` is empty or not provided and `obj` does not contain
an attribute named the same as the field.
:param `**kwargs`:
If `formdata` is empty or not provided and `obj` does not contain
an attribute named the same as a field, form will assign the value
of a matching keyword argument to the field, if one exists.
Data descriptors inherited from wtforms.form.BaseForm:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
- errors
|
class NotebookForm(flask_wtf.form.Form) |
| |
Flask-specific subclass of WTForms **SecureForm** class.
If formdata is not specified, this will use flask.request.form.
Explicitly pass formdata = None to prevent this.
:param csrf_context: a session or dict-like object to use when making
CSRF tokens. Default: flask.session.
:param secret_key: a secret key for building CSRF tokens. If this isn't
specified, the form will take the first of these
that is defined:
* SECRET_KEY attribute on this class
* WTF_CSRF_SECRET_KEY config of flask app
* SECRET_KEY config of flask app
* session secret key
:param csrf_enabled: whether to use CSRF protection. If False, all
csrf behavior is suppressed.
Default: WTF_CSRF_ENABLED config value |
| |
- Method resolution order:
- NotebookForm
- flask_wtf.form.Form
- wtforms.ext.csrf.form.SecureForm
- wtforms.form.Form
- wtforms.compat.NewBase
- wtforms.form.BaseForm
- builtins.object
Data and other attributes defined here:
- submit = <UnboundField(SubmitField, ('Submit',), {})>
- title = <UnboundField(StringField, ('Title:',), {'valida...orms.validators.Length object at 0x104757278>]})>
Methods inherited from flask_wtf.form.Form:
- __init__(self, formdata=<class 'flask_wtf.form._Auto'>, obj=None, prefix='', csrf_context=None, secret_key=None, csrf_enabled=None, *args, **kwargs)
- :param csrf_context:
Optional extra data which is passed transparently to your
CSRF implementation.
- generate_csrf_token(self, csrf_context=None)
- Implementations must override this to provide a method with which one
can get a CSRF token for this form.
A CSRF token should be a string which can be generated
deterministically so that on the form POST, the generated string is
(usually) the same assuming the user is using the site normally.
:param csrf_context:
A transparent object which can be used as contextual info for
generating the token.
- hidden_tag(self, *fields)
- Wraps hidden fields in a hidden DIV tag, in order to keep XHTML
compliance.
.. versionadded:: 0.3
:param fields: list of hidden field names. If not provided will render
all hidden fields, including the CSRF field.
- is_submitted(self)
- Checks if form has been submitted. The default case is if the HTTP
method is **PUT** or **POST**.
- validate_csrf_data(self, data)
- Check if the csrf data is valid.
.. versionadded: 0.9.0
:param data: the csrf string to be validated.
- validate_csrf_token(self, field)
- Override this method to provide custom CSRF validation logic.
The default CSRF validation logic simply checks if the recently
generated token equals the one we received as formdata.
- validate_on_submit(self)
- Checks if form has been submitted and if so runs validate. This is
a shortcut, equivalent to ``form.is_submitted() and form.validate()``
Data and other attributes inherited from flask_wtf.form.Form:
- SECRET_KEY = None
- TIME_LIMIT = None
Data descriptors inherited from wtforms.ext.csrf.form.SecureForm:
- data
Data and other attributes inherited from wtforms.ext.csrf.form.SecureForm:
- csrf_token = <UnboundField(CSRFTokenField, (), {})>
Methods inherited from wtforms.form.Form:
- __delattr__(self, name)
- Implement delattr(self, name).
- __delitem__(self, name)
- Remove a field from this form.
- __setitem__(self, name, value)
- Bind a field to this form.
- validate(self)
- Validates the form by calling `validate` on each field, passing any
extra `Form.validate_<fieldname>` validators to the field validator.
Data and other attributes inherited from wtforms.form.Form:
- Meta = <class 'wtforms.meta.DefaultMeta'>
- This is the default Meta class which defines all the default values and
therefore also the 'API' of the class Meta interface.
Methods inherited from wtforms.form.BaseForm:
- __contains__(self, name)
- Returns `True` if the named field is a member of this form.
- __getitem__(self, name)
- Dict-style access to this form's fields.
- __iter__(self)
- Iterate form fields in creation order.
- populate_obj(self, obj)
- Populates the attributes of the passed `obj` with data from the form's
fields.
:note: This is a destructive operation; Any attribute with the same name
as a field will be overridden. Use with caution.
- process(self, formdata=None, obj=None, data=None, **kwargs)
- Take form, object data, and keyword arg input and have the fields
process them.
:param formdata:
Used to pass data coming from the enduser, usually `request.POST` or
equivalent.
:param obj:
If `formdata` is empty or not provided, this object is checked for
attributes matching form field names, which will be used for field
values.
:param data:
If provided, must be a dictionary of data. This is only used if
`formdata` is empty or not provided and `obj` does not contain
an attribute named the same as the field.
:param `**kwargs`:
If `formdata` is empty or not provided and `obj` does not contain
an attribute named the same as a field, form will assign the value
of a matching keyword argument to the field, if one exists.
Data descriptors inherited from wtforms.form.BaseForm:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
- errors
|
class SearchForm(flask_wtf.form.Form) |
| |
Flask-specific subclass of WTForms **SecureForm** class.
If formdata is not specified, this will use flask.request.form.
Explicitly pass formdata = None to prevent this.
:param csrf_context: a session or dict-like object to use when making
CSRF tokens. Default: flask.session.
:param secret_key: a secret key for building CSRF tokens. If this isn't
specified, the form will take the first of these
that is defined:
* SECRET_KEY attribute on this class
* WTF_CSRF_SECRET_KEY config of flask app
* SECRET_KEY config of flask app
* session secret key
:param csrf_enabled: whether to use CSRF protection. If False, all
csrf behavior is suppressed.
Default: WTF_CSRF_ENABLED config value |
| |
- Method resolution order:
- SearchForm
- flask_wtf.form.Form
- wtforms.ext.csrf.form.SecureForm
- wtforms.form.Form
- wtforms.compat.NewBase
- wtforms.form.BaseForm
- builtins.object
Data and other attributes defined here:
- search_field = <UnboundField(StringField, (), {})>
- submit = <UnboundField(SubmitField, ('Search',), {})>
Methods inherited from flask_wtf.form.Form:
- __init__(self, formdata=<class 'flask_wtf.form._Auto'>, obj=None, prefix='', csrf_context=None, secret_key=None, csrf_enabled=None, *args, **kwargs)
- :param csrf_context:
Optional extra data which is passed transparently to your
CSRF implementation.
- generate_csrf_token(self, csrf_context=None)
- Implementations must override this to provide a method with which one
can get a CSRF token for this form.
A CSRF token should be a string which can be generated
deterministically so that on the form POST, the generated string is
(usually) the same assuming the user is using the site normally.
:param csrf_context:
A transparent object which can be used as contextual info for
generating the token.
- hidden_tag(self, *fields)
- Wraps hidden fields in a hidden DIV tag, in order to keep XHTML
compliance.
.. versionadded:: 0.3
:param fields: list of hidden field names. If not provided will render
all hidden fields, including the CSRF field.
- is_submitted(self)
- Checks if form has been submitted. The default case is if the HTTP
method is **PUT** or **POST**.
- validate_csrf_data(self, data)
- Check if the csrf data is valid.
.. versionadded: 0.9.0
:param data: the csrf string to be validated.
- validate_csrf_token(self, field)
- Override this method to provide custom CSRF validation logic.
The default CSRF validation logic simply checks if the recently
generated token equals the one we received as formdata.
- validate_on_submit(self)
- Checks if form has been submitted and if so runs validate. This is
a shortcut, equivalent to ``form.is_submitted() and form.validate()``
Data and other attributes inherited from flask_wtf.form.Form:
- SECRET_KEY = None
- TIME_LIMIT = None
Data descriptors inherited from wtforms.ext.csrf.form.SecureForm:
- data
Data and other attributes inherited from wtforms.ext.csrf.form.SecureForm:
- csrf_token = <UnboundField(CSRFTokenField, (), {})>
Methods inherited from wtforms.form.Form:
- __delattr__(self, name)
- Implement delattr(self, name).
- __delitem__(self, name)
- Remove a field from this form.
- __setitem__(self, name, value)
- Bind a field to this form.
- validate(self)
- Validates the form by calling `validate` on each field, passing any
extra `Form.validate_<fieldname>` validators to the field validator.
Data and other attributes inherited from wtforms.form.Form:
- Meta = <class 'wtforms.meta.DefaultMeta'>
- This is the default Meta class which defines all the default values and
therefore also the 'API' of the class Meta interface.
Methods inherited from wtforms.form.BaseForm:
- __contains__(self, name)
- Returns `True` if the named field is a member of this form.
- __getitem__(self, name)
- Dict-style access to this form's fields.
- __iter__(self)
- Iterate form fields in creation order.
- populate_obj(self, obj)
- Populates the attributes of the passed `obj` with data from the form's
fields.
:note: This is a destructive operation; Any attribute with the same name
as a field will be overridden. Use with caution.
- process(self, formdata=None, obj=None, data=None, **kwargs)
- Take form, object data, and keyword arg input and have the fields
process them.
:param formdata:
Used to pass data coming from the enduser, usually `request.POST` or
equivalent.
:param obj:
If `formdata` is empty or not provided, this object is checked for
attributes matching form field names, which will be used for field
values.
:param data:
If provided, must be a dictionary of data. This is only used if
`formdata` is empty or not provided and `obj` does not contain
an attribute named the same as the field.
:param `**kwargs`:
If `formdata` is empty or not provided and `obj` does not contain
an attribute named the same as a field, form will assign the value
of a matching keyword argument to the field, if one exists.
Data descriptors inherited from wtforms.form.BaseForm:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
- errors
|
class ShareForm(flask_wtf.form.Form) |
| |
Flask-specific subclass of WTForms **SecureForm** class.
If formdata is not specified, this will use flask.request.form.
Explicitly pass formdata = None to prevent this.
:param csrf_context: a session or dict-like object to use when making
CSRF tokens. Default: flask.session.
:param secret_key: a secret key for building CSRF tokens. If this isn't
specified, the form will take the first of these
that is defined:
* SECRET_KEY attribute on this class
* WTF_CSRF_SECRET_KEY config of flask app
* SECRET_KEY config of flask app
* session secret key
:param csrf_enabled: whether to use CSRF protection. If False, all
csrf behavior is suppressed.
Default: WTF_CSRF_ENABLED config value |
| |
- Method resolution order:
- ShareForm
- flask_wtf.form.Form
- wtforms.ext.csrf.form.SecureForm
- wtforms.form.Form
- wtforms.compat.NewBase
- wtforms.form.BaseForm
- builtins.object
Data and other attributes defined here:
- recipient_email = <UnboundField(StringField, ('Recipient Email',),...forms.validators.Email object at 0x1047570b8>]})>
- submit = <UnboundField(SubmitField, ('Share',), {})>
Methods inherited from flask_wtf.form.Form:
- __init__(self, formdata=<class 'flask_wtf.form._Auto'>, obj=None, prefix='', csrf_context=None, secret_key=None, csrf_enabled=None, *args, **kwargs)
- :param csrf_context:
Optional extra data which is passed transparently to your
CSRF implementation.
- generate_csrf_token(self, csrf_context=None)
- Implementations must override this to provide a method with which one
can get a CSRF token for this form.
A CSRF token should be a string which can be generated
deterministically so that on the form POST, the generated string is
(usually) the same assuming the user is using the site normally.
:param csrf_context:
A transparent object which can be used as contextual info for
generating the token.
- hidden_tag(self, *fields)
- Wraps hidden fields in a hidden DIV tag, in order to keep XHTML
compliance.
.. versionadded:: 0.3
:param fields: list of hidden field names. If not provided will render
all hidden fields, including the CSRF field.
- is_submitted(self)
- Checks if form has been submitted. The default case is if the HTTP
method is **PUT** or **POST**.
- validate_csrf_data(self, data)
- Check if the csrf data is valid.
.. versionadded: 0.9.0
:param data: the csrf string to be validated.
- validate_csrf_token(self, field)
- Override this method to provide custom CSRF validation logic.
The default CSRF validation logic simply checks if the recently
generated token equals the one we received as formdata.
- validate_on_submit(self)
- Checks if form has been submitted and if so runs validate. This is
a shortcut, equivalent to ``form.is_submitted() and form.validate()``
Data and other attributes inherited from flask_wtf.form.Form:
- SECRET_KEY = None
- TIME_LIMIT = None
Data descriptors inherited from wtforms.ext.csrf.form.SecureForm:
- data
Data and other attributes inherited from wtforms.ext.csrf.form.SecureForm:
- csrf_token = <UnboundField(CSRFTokenField, (), {})>
Methods inherited from wtforms.form.Form:
- __delattr__(self, name)
- Implement delattr(self, name).
- __delitem__(self, name)
- Remove a field from this form.
- __setitem__(self, name, value)
- Bind a field to this form.
- validate(self)
- Validates the form by calling `validate` on each field, passing any
extra `Form.validate_<fieldname>` validators to the field validator.
Data and other attributes inherited from wtforms.form.Form:
- Meta = <class 'wtforms.meta.DefaultMeta'>
- This is the default Meta class which defines all the default values and
therefore also the 'API' of the class Meta interface.
Methods inherited from wtforms.form.BaseForm:
- __contains__(self, name)
- Returns `True` if the named field is a member of this form.
- __getitem__(self, name)
- Dict-style access to this form's fields.
- __iter__(self)
- Iterate form fields in creation order.
- populate_obj(self, obj)
- Populates the attributes of the passed `obj` with data from the form's
fields.
:note: This is a destructive operation; Any attribute with the same name
as a field will be overridden. Use with caution.
- process(self, formdata=None, obj=None, data=None, **kwargs)
- Take form, object data, and keyword arg input and have the fields
process them.
:param formdata:
Used to pass data coming from the enduser, usually `request.POST` or
equivalent.
:param obj:
If `formdata` is empty or not provided, this object is checked for
attributes matching form field names, which will be used for field
values.
:param data:
If provided, must be a dictionary of data. This is only used if
`formdata` is empty or not provided and `obj` does not contain
an attribute named the same as the field.
:param `**kwargs`:
If `formdata` is empty or not provided and `obj` does not contain
an attribute named the same as a field, form will assign the value
of a matching keyword argument to the field, if one exists.
Data descriptors inherited from wtforms.form.BaseForm:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
- errors
| |


Upcoming training and events
{% assign eventCount = 0 %}
{% for event in site.data.training-events %}
{% assign eventSeconds = event.endDate | date: "%s" | plus: 0 %}
{% assign postSeconds = page.date | date: "%s" | plus: 0 %}
{% assign postDiffSeconds = eventSeconds | minus: postSeconds %}
{% assign postDiffDays = postDiffSeconds | divided_by: 60 | divided_by: 60 | divided_by: 24 %}
{% if postDiffDays > 0 and eventCount < 3 %}
{% assign eventCount = eventCount | plus: 1 %}
{% include training-event-list-item.html event=event %}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
full list ...


Ordna FIKA By Naresh Mehta
Use any of the following authentication mechanisms to sign-up or login.
Sign in with Facebook
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Sign in with Twitter
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Copyright (c) 2016 - Naresh Mehta
https://www.naresh.se/


| FIGURE 1 |
Identification, location and geographic coordinates of the e ... |
| FIGURE 2 |
(A) Growth curves for height of white spruce seedlings from ... |
| FIGURE 3 |
(A) Rate of net photosynthesis, (B) stomatal conductance, an ... |
| FIGURE 4 |
Grouping of the seed orchards based on three morphological v ... |
| FIGURE 5 |
(A) Asymptote, (B) point of inflection, and (C) growth rate ... |
| FIGURE 6 |
Overall average height (mean and standard errors) of white s ... |
| FIGURE 7 |
Height (mean and standard errors) of white spruce seedlings ... |


This file is here as a work-around a Visual Studio 2010 bug, where it forgets which browser you set as the default.
To set your default browser just follow these steps:
- Right click on the Starte.htm file in your solution explorer.
- Select the "Browse With..." context menu option.
- The dialog you can select or add a browser. If you want Firefox in the list, click "add" and point to the firefox.exe filename.
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Pictures
PHOTOS: Charlotte Irwin celebrates 21st in Lisdoo
Gallery
by David LynchFriends and family gathered for the 21st birthday celebrations of Charlotte Irwin at the Lisdoo in Dundalk recently.
Check out our gallery from a great night above
Friends and family gathered for the 21st birthday celebrations of Charlotte Irwin at the Lisdoo in Dundalk recently.
Check out our gallery from a great night above


| AVR Libc Home Page | AVR Libc Development Pages | ||||
| Main Page | User Manual | Library Reference | FAQ | Alphabetical Index | Example Projects |
#include <stdlib.h>
This file declares some basic C macros and functions as defined by the ISO standard, plus some AVR-specific extensions.
Data Structures | |
| struct | div_t |
| struct | ldiv_t |
Non-standard (i.e. non-ISO C) functions. | |
| char * | ltoa (long int __val, char *__s, int __radix) |
| char * | utoa (unsigned int __val, char *__s, int __radix) |
| char * | ultoa (unsigned long int __val, char *__s, int __radix) |
| long | random (void) |
| void | srandom (unsigned long __seed) |
| long | random_r (unsigned long *__ctx) |
| char * | itoa (int __val, char *__s, int __radix) |
| #define | RANDOM_MAX 0x7FFFFFFF |
Conversion functions for double arguments. | |
Note that these functions are not located in the default library, libc.a , but in the mathematical library, libm.a . So when linking the application, the -lm option needs to be specified. | |
| char * | dtostre (double __val, char *__s, unsigned char __prec, unsigned char __flags) |
| char * | dtostrf (double __val, signed char __width, unsigned char __prec, char *__s) |
| #define | DTOSTR_ALWAYS_SIGN 0x01 |
| #define | DTOSTR_PLUS_SIGN 0x02 |
| #define | DTOSTR_UPPERCASE 0x04 |
Defines | |
| #define | RAND_MAX 0x7FFF |
Typedefs | |
| typedef int(* | __compar_fn_t )(const void *, const void *) |
Functions | |
| void | abort (void) __ATTR_NORETURN__ |
| int | abs (int __i) |
| long | labs (long __i) |
| void * | bsearch (const void *__key, const void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, int(*__compar)(const void *, const void *)) |
| div_t | div (int __num, int __denom) __asm__("__divmodhi4") |
| ldiv_t | ldiv (long __num, long __denom) __asm__("__divmodsi4") |
| void | qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar) |
| long | strtol (const char *__nptr, char **__endptr, int __base) |
| unsigned long | strtoul (const char *__nptr, char **__endptr, int __base) |
| long | atol (const char *__s) __ATTR_PURE__ |
| int | atoi (const char *__s) __ATTR_PURE__ |
| void | exit (int __status) __ATTR_NORETURN__ |
| void * | malloc (size_t __size) __ATTR_MALLOC__ |
| void | free (void *__ptr) |
| void * | calloc (size_t __nele, size_t __size) __ATTR_MALLOC__ |
| void * | realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size) __ATTR_MALLOC__ |
| double | strtod (const char *__nptr, char **__endptr) |
| double | atof (const char *__nptr) |
| int | rand (void) |
| void | srand (unsigned int __seed) |
| int | rand_r (unsigned long *__ctx) |
Variables | |
| size_t | __malloc_margin |
| char * | __malloc_heap_start |
| char * | __malloc_heap_end |
| #define DTOSTR_ALWAYS_SIGN 0x01 |
Bit value that can be passed in flags
to dtostre().
| #define DTOSTR_PLUS_SIGN 0x02 |
Bit value that can be passed in flags
to dtostre().
| #define DTOSTR_UPPERCASE 0x04 |
Bit value that can be passed in flags
to dtostre().
| #define RAND_MAX 0x7FFF |
Highest number that can be generated by rand().
| #define RANDOM_MAX 0x7FFFFFFF |
Highest number that can be generated by random().
| typedef int(* __compar_fn_t)(const void *, const void *) |
Comparision function type for qsort(), just for convenience.
| void abort | ( | void | ) |
The abort() function causes abnormal program termination to occur. This realization disables interrupts and jumps to _exit() function with argument equal to 1. In the limited AVR environment, execution is effectively halted by entering an infinite loop.
| int abs | ( | int | __i | ) |
| double atof | ( | const char * | nptr | ) |
| int atoi | ( | const char * | s | ) |
Convert a string to an integer.
The atoi() function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by s
to integer representation. In contrast to
(int)strtol(s, (char **)NULL, 10);
this function does not detect overflow (errno
is not changed and the result value is not predictable), uses smaller memory (flash and stack) and works more quickly.
| long atol | ( | const char * | s | ) |
Convert a string to a long integer.
The atol() function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by s
to long integer representation. In contrast to
strtol(s, (char **)NULL, 10);
this function does not detect overflow (errno
is not changed and the result value is not predictable), uses smaller memory (flash and stack) and works more quickly.
| void* bsearch | ( | const void * | __key, | |
| const void * | __base, | |||
| size_t | __nmemb, | |||
| size_t | __size, | |||
| int(*)(const void *, const void *) | __compar | |||
| ) |
The bsearch() function searches an array of nmemb
objects, the initial member of which is pointed to by base
, for a member that matches the object pointed to by key
. The size of each member of the array is specified by size
.
The contents of the array should be in ascending sorted order according to the comparison function referenced by compar
. The compar
routine is expected to have two arguments which point to the key object and to an array member, in that order, and should return an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the key object is found, respectively, to be less than, to match, or be greater than the array member.
The bsearch() function returns a pointer to a matching member of the array, or a null pointer if no match is found. If two members compare as equal, which member is matched is unspecified.
| void* calloc | ( | size_t | __nele, | |
| size_t | __size | |||
| ) |
Allocate nele
elements of size
each. Identical to calling malloc()
using nele * size
as argument, except the allocated memory will be cleared to zero.
| div_t div | ( | int | __num, | |
| int | __denom | |||
| ) |
| char* dtostre | ( | double | __val, | |
| char * | __s, | |||
| unsigned char | __prec, | |||
| unsigned char | __flags | |||
| ) |
The dtostre() function converts the double value passed in val
into an ASCII representation that will be stored under s
. The caller is responsible for providing sufficient storage in s
.
Conversion is done in the format "[-]d.ddde±dd"
where there is one digit before the decimal-point character and the number of digits after it is equal to the precision prec
; if the precision is zero, no decimal-point character appears. If flags
has the DTOSTRE_UPPERCASE bit set, the letter 'E'
(rather than 'e'
) will be used to introduce the exponent. The exponent always contains two digits; if the value is zero, the exponent is "00"
.
If flags
has the DTOSTRE_ALWAYS_SIGN bit set, a space character will be placed into the leading position for positive numbers.
If flags
has the DTOSTRE_PLUS_SIGN bit set, a plus sign will be used instead of a space character in this case.
The dtostre() function returns the pointer to the converted string s
.
| char* dtostrf | ( | double | __val, | |
| signed char | __width, | |||
| unsigned char | __prec, | |||
| char * | __s | |||
| ) |
The dtostrf() function converts the double value passed in val
into an ASCII representationthat will be stored under s
. The caller is responsible for providing sufficient storage in s
.
Conversion is done in the format "[-]d.ddd"
. The minimum field width of the output string (including the '
.' and the possible sign for negative values) is given in width
, and prec
determines the number of digits after the decimal sign. width
is signed value, negative for left adjustment.
The dtostrf() function returns the pointer to the converted string s
.
| void exit | ( | int | __status | ) |
The exit() function terminates the application. Since there is no environment to return to, status
is ignored, and code execution will eventually reach an infinite loop, thereby effectively halting all code processing. Before entering the infinite loop, interrupts are globally disabled.
In a C++ context, global destructors will be called before halting execution.
| void free | ( | void * | __ptr | ) |
The free() function causes the allocated memory referenced by ptr
to be made available for future allocations. If ptr
is NULL, no action occurs.
| char* itoa | ( | int | __val, | |
| char * | __s, | |||
| int | __radix | |||
| ) |
Convert an integer to a string.
The function itoa() converts the integer value from val
into an ASCII representation that will be stored under s
. The caller is responsible for providing sufficient storage in s
.
s
depends on the choice of radix. For example, if the radix is 2 (binary), you need to supply a buffer with a minimal length of 8 * sizeof (int) + 1 characters, i.e. one character for each bit plus one for the string terminator. Using a larger radix will require a smaller minimal buffer size.radix
as base, which may be a number between 2 (binary conversion) and up to 36. If radix
is greater than 10, the next digit after '9'
will be the letter 'a'
.If radix is 10 and val is negative, a minus sign will be prepended.
The itoa() function returns the pointer passed as s
.
| long labs | ( | long | __i | ) |
| ldiv_t ldiv | ( | long | __num, | |
| long | __denom | |||
| ) |
| char* ltoa | ( | long int | __val, | |
| char * | __s, | |||
| int | __radix | |||
| ) |
Convert a long integer to a string.
The function ltoa() converts the long integer value from val
into an ASCII representation that will be stored under s
. The caller is responsible for providing sufficient storage in s
.
s
depends on the choice of radix. For example, if the radix is 2 (binary), you need to supply a buffer with a minimal length of 8 * sizeof (long int) + 1 characters, i.e. one character for each bit plus one for the string terminator. Using a larger radix will require a smaller minimal buffer size.radix
as base, which may be a number between 2 (binary conversion) and up to 36. If radix
is greater than 10, the next digit after '9'
will be the letter 'a'
.If radix is 10 and val is negative, a minus sign will be prepended.
The ltoa() function returns the pointer passed as s
.
| void* malloc | ( | size_t | __size | ) |
The malloc() function allocates size
bytes of memory. If malloc() fails, a NULL pointer is returned.
Note that malloc() does not initialize the returned memory to zero bytes.
See the chapter about malloc() usage for implementation details.
| void qsort | ( | void * | __base, | |
| size_t | __nmemb, | |||
| size_t | __size, | |||
| __compar_fn_t | __compar | |||
| ) |
The qsort() function is a modified partition-exchange sort, or quicksort.
The qsort() function sorts an array of nmemb
objects, the initial member of which is pointed to by base
. The size of each object is specified by size
. The contents of the array base are sorted in ascending order according to a comparison function pointed to by compar
, which requires two arguments pointing to the objects being compared.
The comparison function must return an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the first argument is considered to be respectively less than, equal to, or greater than the second.
| int rand | ( | void | ) |
The rand() function computes a sequence of pseudo-random integers in the range of 0 to RAND_MAX
(as defined by the header file <stdlib.h>).
The srand() function sets its argument seed
as the seed for a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers to be returned by rand(). These sequences are repeatable by calling srand() with the same seed value.
If no seed value is provided, the functions are automatically seeded with a value of 1.
In compliance with the C standard, these functions operate on int
arguments. Since the underlying algorithm already uses 32-bit calculations, this causes a loss of precision. See random()
for an alternate set of functions that retains full 32-bit precision.
| int rand_r | ( | unsigned long * | __ctx | ) |
Variant of rand() that stores the context in the user-supplied variable located at ctx
instead of a static library variable so the function becomes re-entrant.
| long random | ( | void | ) |
The random() function computes a sequence of pseudo-random integers in the range of 0 to RANDOM_MAX
(as defined by the header file <stdlib.h>).
The srandom() function sets its argument seed
as the seed for a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers to be returned by rand(). These sequences are repeatable by calling srandom() with the same seed value.
If no seed value is provided, the functions are automatically seeded with a value of 1.
| long random_r | ( | unsigned long * | __ctx | ) |
Variant of random() that stores the context in the user-supplied variable located at ctx
instead of a static library variable so the function becomes re-entrant.
| void* realloc | ( | void * | __ptr, | |
| size_t | __size | |||
| ) |
The realloc() function tries to change the size of the region allocated at ptr
to the new size
value. It returns a pointer to the new region. The returned pointer might be the same as the old pointer, or a pointer to a completely different region.
The contents of the returned region up to either the old or the new size value (whatever is less) will be identical to the contents of the old region, even in case a new region had to be allocated.
It is acceptable to pass ptr
as NULL, in which case realloc() will behave identical to malloc().
If the new memory cannot be allocated, realloc() returns NULL, and the region at ptr
will not be changed.
| void srand | ( | unsigned int | __seed | ) |
Pseudo-random number generator seeding; see rand().
| void srandom | ( | unsigned long | __seed | ) |
Pseudo-random number generator seeding; see random().
| double strtod | ( | const char * | nptr, | |
| char ** | endptr | |||
| ) |
The strtod() function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by nptr to double representation.
The expected form of the string is an optional plus ( '+'
) or minus sign ( '-'
) followed by a sequence of digits optionally containing a decimal-point character, optionally followed by an exponent. An exponent consists of an 'E'
or 'e'
, followed by an optional plus or minus sign, followed by a sequence of digits.
Leading white-space characters in the string are skipped.
The strtod() function returns the converted value, if any.
If endptr is not NULL
, a pointer to the character after the last character used in the conversion is stored in the location referenced by endptr.
If no conversion is performed, zero is returned and the value of nptr is stored in the location referenced by endptr.
If the correct value would cause overflow, plus or minus INFINITY
is returned (according to the sign of the value), and ERANGE
is stored in errno
. If the correct value would cause underflow, zero is returned and ERANGE
is stored in errno
.
| long strtol | ( | const char * | __nptr, | |
| char ** | __endptr, | |||
| int | __base | |||
| ) |
The strtol() function converts the string in nptr
to a long value. The conversion is done according to the given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.
The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by isspace()) followed by a single optional '+'
or '-'
sign. If base
is zero or 16, the string may then include a "0x"
prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is '0'
, in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).
The remainder of the string is converted to a long value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit in the given base. (In bases above 10, the letter 'A'
in either upper or lower case represents 10, 'B'
represents 11, and so forth, with 'Z'
representing 35.)
If endptr
is not NULL, strtol() stores the address of the first invalid character in *endptr
. If there were no digits at all, however, strtol() stores the original value of nptr
in endptr
. (Thus, if *nptr
is not '\0'
but **endptr
is '\0'
on return, the entire string was valid.)
The strtol() function returns the result of the conversion, unless the value would underflow or overflow. If no conversion could be performed, 0 is returned. If an overflow or underflow occurs, errno
is set to ERANGE and the function return value is clamped to LONG_MIN
or LONG_MAX
, respectively.
| unsigned long strtoul | ( | const char * | __nptr, | |
| char ** | __endptr, | |||
| int | __base | |||
| ) |
The strtoul() function converts the string in nptr
to an unsigned long value. The conversion is done according to the given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.
The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by isspace()) followed by a single optional '+'
or '-'
sign. If base
is zero or 16, the string may then include a "0x"
prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is '0'
, in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).
The remainder of the string is converted to an unsigned long value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit in the given base. (In bases above 10, the letter 'A'
in either upper or lower case represents 10, 'B'
represents 11, and so forth, with 'Z'
representing 35.)
If endptr
is not NULL, strtoul() stores the address of the first invalid character in *endptr
. If there were no digits at all, however, strtoul() stores the original value of nptr
in endptr
. (Thus, if *nptr
is not '\0'
but **endptr
is '\0'
on return, the entire string was valid.)
The strtoul() function return either the result of the conversion or, if there was a leading minus sign, the negation of the result of the conversion, unless the original (non-negated) value would overflow; in the latter case, strtoul() returns ULONG_MAX, and errno
is set to ERANGE. If no conversion could be performed, 0 is returned.
| char* ultoa | ( | unsigned long int | __val, | |
| char * | __s, | |||
| int | __radix | |||
| ) |
Convert an unsigned long integer to a string.
The function ultoa() converts the unsigned long integer value from val
into an ASCII representation that will be stored under s
. The caller is responsible for providing sufficient storage in s
.
s
depends on the choice of radix. For example, if the radix is 2 (binary), you need to supply a buffer with a minimal length of 8 * sizeof (unsigned long int) + 1 characters, i.e. one character for each bit plus one for the string terminator. Using a larger radix will require a smaller minimal buffer size.radix
as base, which may be a number between 2 (binary conversion) and up to 36. If radix
is greater than 10, the next digit after '9'
will be the letter 'a'
.
The ultoa() function returns the pointer passed as s
.
| char* utoa | ( | unsigned int | __val, | |
| char * | __s, | |||
| int | __radix | |||
| ) |
Convert an unsigned integer to a string.
The function utoa() converts the unsigned integer value from val
into an ASCII representation that will be stored under s
. The caller is responsible for providing sufficient storage in s
.
s
depends on the choice of radix. For example, if the radix is 2 (binary), you need to supply a buffer with a minimal length of 8 * sizeof (unsigned int) + 1 characters, i.e. one character for each bit plus one for the string terminator. Using a larger radix will require a smaller minimal buffer size.radix
as base, which may be a number between 2 (binary conversion) and up to 36. If radix
is greater than 10, the next digit after '9'
will be the letter 'a'
.
The utoa() function returns the pointer passed as s
.
| char* __malloc_heap_end |
| char* __malloc_heap_start |
| size_t __malloc_margin |


読む時間の目安: 8 分このページに示す機能は「試験的」（experimental）として位置づけられています。このため正規安定版となる頃には変更されているかもしれません。
Graphdriver plugins
Changelog
1.13.0
- Support v2 plugins
Docker graph driver plugins
Docker graph driver plugins enable admins to use an external/out-of-process graph driver for use with Docker engine. This is an alternative to using the built-in storage drivers, such as aufs/overlay/devicemapper/btrfs.
You need to install and enable the plugin and then restart the Docker daemon before using the plugin. See the following example for the correct ordering of steps.
$ docker plugin install cpuguy83/docker-overlay2-graphdriver-plugin # this command also enables the driver
<output suppressed>
$ pkill dockerd
$ dockerd --experimental -s cpuguy83/docker-overlay2-graphdriver-plugin
Write a graph driver plugin
See the plugin documentation for detailed information on the underlying plugin protocol.
Graph Driver plugin protocol
If a plugin registers itself as a GraphDriver
when activated, then it is
expected to provide the rootfs for containers as well as image layer storage.
/GraphDriver.Init
Request:
{
"Home": "/graph/home/path",
"Opts": [],
"UIDMaps": [],
"GIDMaps": []
}
Initialize the graph driver plugin with a home directory and array of options. These are passed through from the user, but the plugin is not required to parse or honor them.
The request also includes a list of UID and GID mappings, structed as follows:
{
"ContainerID": 0,
"HostID": 0,
"Size": 0
}
Response:
{
"Err": ""
}
Respond with a non-empty string error if an error occurred.
/GraphDriver.Capabilities
Request:
{}
Get behavioral characteristics of the graph driver. If a plugin does not handle this request, the engine will use default values for all capabilities.
Response:
{
"ReproducesExactDiffs": false,
}
Respond with values of capabilities:
- ReproducesExactDiffs Defaults to false. Flags that this driver is capable of reproducing exactly equivalent diffs for read-only filesystem layers.
/GraphDriver.Create
Request:
{
"ID": "46fe8644f2572fd1e505364f7581e0c9dbc7f14640bd1fb6ce97714fb6fc5187",
"Parent": "2cd9c322cb78a55e8212aa3ea8425a4180236d7106938ec921d0935a4b8ca142",
"MountLabel": "",
"StorageOpt": {}
}
Create a new, empty, read-only filesystem layer with the specified
ID
, Parent
and MountLabel
. If Parent
is an empty string, there is no
parent layer. StorageOpt
is map of strings which indicate storage options.
Response:
{
"Err": ""
}
Respond with a non-empty string error if an error occurred.
/GraphDriver.CreateReadWrite
Request:
{
"ID": "46fe8644f2572fd1e505364f7581e0c9dbc7f14640bd1fb6ce97714fb6fc5187",
"Parent": "2cd9c322cb78a55e8212aa3ea8425a4180236d7106938ec921d0935a4b8ca142",
"MountLabel": "",
"StorageOpt": {}
}
Similar to /GraphDriver.Create
but creates a read-write filesystem layer.
/GraphDriver.Remove
Request:
{
"ID": "46fe8644f2572fd1e505364f7581e0c9dbc7f14640bd1fb6ce97714fb6fc5187"
}
Remove the filesystem layer with this given ID
.
Response:
{
"Err": ""
}
Respond with a non-empty string error if an error occurred.
/GraphDriver.Get
Request:
{
"ID": "46fe8644f2572fd1e505364f7581e0c9dbc7f14640bd1fb6ce97714fb6fc5187",
"MountLabel": ""
}
Get the mountpoint for the layered filesystem referred to by the given ID
.
Response:
{
"Dir": "/var/mygraph/46fe8644f2572fd1e505364f7581e0c9dbc7f14640bd1fb6ce97714fb6fc5187",
"Err": ""
}
Respond with the absolute path to the mounted layered filesystem. Respond with a non-empty string error if an error occurred.
/GraphDriver.Put
Request:
{
"ID": "46fe8644f2572fd1e505364f7581e0c9dbc7f14640bd1fb6ce97714fb6fc5187"
}
Release the system resources for the specified ID
, such as unmounting the
filesystem layer.
Response:
{
"Err": ""
}
Respond with a non-empty string error if an error occurred.
/GraphDriver.Exists
Request:
{
"ID": "46fe8644f2572fd1e505364f7581e0c9dbc7f14640bd1fb6ce97714fb6fc5187"
}
Determine if a filesystem layer with the specified ID
exists.
Response:
{
"Exists": true
}
Respond with a boolean for whether or not the filesystem layer with the specified
ID
exists.
/GraphDriver.Status
Request:
{}
Get low-level diagnostic information about the graph driver.
Response:
{
"Status": [[]]
}
Respond with a 2-D array with key/value pairs for the underlying status information.
/GraphDriver.GetMetadata
Request:
{
"ID": "46fe8644f2572fd1e505364f7581e0c9dbc7f14640bd1fb6ce97714fb6fc5187"
}
Get low-level diagnostic information about the layered filesystem with the
with the specified ID
Response:
{
"Metadata": {},
"Err": ""
}
Respond with a set of key/value pairs containing the low-level diagnostic information about the layered filesystem. Respond with a non-empty string error if an error occurred.
/GraphDriver.Cleanup
Request:
{}
Perform necessary tasks to release resources help by the plugin, such as unmounting all the layered file systems.
Response:
{
"Err": ""
}
Respond with a non-empty string error if an error occurred.
/GraphDriver.Diff
Request:
{
"ID": "46fe8644f2572fd1e505364f7581e0c9dbc7f14640bd1fb6ce97714fb6fc5187",
"Parent": "2cd9c322cb78a55e8212aa3ea8425a4180236d7106938ec921d0935a4b8ca142"
}
Get an archive of the changes between the filesystem layers specified by the ID
and Parent
. Parent
may be an empty string, in which case there is no parent.
Response:
{{ TAR STREAM }}
/GraphDriver.Changes
Request:
{
"ID": "46fe8644f2572fd1e505364f7581e0c9dbc7f14640bd1fb6ce97714fb6fc5187",
"Parent": "2cd9c322cb78a55e8212aa3ea8425a4180236d7106938ec921d0935a4b8ca142"
}
Get a list of changes between the filesystem layers specified by the ID
and
Parent
. If Parent
is an empty string, there is no parent.
Response:
{
"Changes": [{}],
"Err": ""
}
Respond with a list of changes. The structure of a change is:
"Path": "/some/path",
"Kind": 0,
Where the Path
is the filesystem path within the layered filesystem that is
changed and Kind
is an integer specifying the type of change that occurred:
- 0 - Modified
- 1 - Added
- 2 - Deleted
Respond with a non-empty string error if an error occurred.
/GraphDriver.ApplyDiff
Request:
{{ TAR STREAM }}
Extract the changeset from the given diff into the layer with the specified ID
and Parent
Query Parameters:
- id (required)- the
ID
of the new filesystem layer to extract the diff to - parent (required)- the
Parent
of the givenID
Response:
{
"Size": 512366,
"Err": ""
}
Respond with the size of the new layer in bytes. Respond with a non-empty string error if an error occurred.
/GraphDriver.DiffSize
Request:
{
"ID": "46fe8644f2572fd1e505364f7581e0c9dbc7f14640bd1fb6ce97714fb6fc5187",
"Parent": "2cd9c322cb78a55e8212aa3ea8425a4180236d7106938ec921d0935a4b8ca142"
}
Calculate the changes between the specified ID
Response:
{
"Size": 512366,
"Err": ""
}
Respond with the size changes between the specified ID
and Parent
Respond with a non-empty string error if an error occurred.


Partial Dependence plot¶
-
ExpyBox.
pdplot
()¶ Create dialog for partial dependence plot
- Returns
None
Method parameters¶
- Feature to plot
Which feature should be plotted
- Number of grid points
Number of grid points to calculate partial dependence value in (for numeric feature)
- Grid type
Type of grid points for numeric feature (percentile or equal)
- Custom grid range
- Custom range minimum/maximum
Percentile (when
grid_type
=percentile
) or value (whengrid_type
=equal
) lower/upper bound of range to investigate (for numeric feature)(Enabled only when
Custom grid range
is checked andVariable with grid points
isNone
)
- Variable with grid points
Name of variable (or None) from
kernel_globals
with customized list of grid points (list of integers) for numeric feature
- Center the plot
Whether the plot should be centered (starting at [0,0])
- Plot data points distribution
Whether to display data points distribution below the plot
- Show precentile buckets
Whether to show percentile buckets below the plot
- Plot lines - ICE plot
Whether to plot also lines for single instances (which makes the plot an ICE plot)
- Lines to plot
How many lines to plot, can be a integer or a float
integer values higher than 1 are interpreted as absolute amount
floats are interpreted as fraction (e.g. 0.5 means half of all possible lines)
- Cluster lines
Whether to cluster the lines
Number of cluster centers - Number of cluster centers for lines
Cluster method - Method to use for clustering of lines (KMeans or MiniBatchKMeans)


Mechanical sounds from the street rouse me from my sleep. I blearily look at the clock, but can’t quite make it out. Then I realize that the sounds are the trash truck coming down the street, and I haven’t put the bins out yet. I scramble out of bed, displacing the cats, and rush to find some clothes worthy of the frigid morning air.
As I run out I see the trash truck pulling further down the street, and I’ve missed my chance. Then they pull into the neighbor’s driveway to turn around. I’m a bit amazed that they could pull off a turn there without hitting the garage, until I notice that the garage isn’t there. The house isn’t there. None of the houses are. The houses and the green grass and trees are all gone. All I can see is pavement, large holes in the red earth, and some scattered orange construction.
This isn’t right.
I vigorously snap my head back and forth to reset everything.
I’m standing outside, having just put the bins out.  I think “Phew, that was a close call, I almost missed them this week.” And as that thought fades from my mind, something else tugs at the back of my conscience. I shake it off and trudge back to the garage.
The reflections in the car seem off. I can’t quite figure it out, but they’re not what I expect. Maybe a little too red?
No, there’s the neighbor’s house. And their big tree, bare of leaves. I must need more sleep.
Something Else lets out a polite cough in the back of my mind. I freeze in the middle of the driveway, and slowly start to turn around.
Please stand still while we recalibrate the system. This will only take a second.
 I can’t count how many worlds ripple in front of me, but I don’t dare move. And in the span of a couple heart beats, I’m staring at the neighbors carefully groomed lawn once again. The trash truck continues its crawl down the street.
Someone starts walking up my driveway, from where I don’t know. I can’t tell their gender, but they vaguely remind me of someone. No, they vaguely remind me of everyone. They speak, at least they seem to — although their mouth doesn’t move from its courteous smile.
I’m terribly sorry about that. These things almost never happen. Some of your existences experienced a bit of temporal unwinding. We’ve recalibrated, but we may need your help to get everything properly aligned again. Shall we take a brief walk?


2019
- recurBoy - a raspberry pi video instrument
- Acoustic Atlas - Published Staging - Work in progress
- Notio - Staging
- MVP for MeetRobin, part of Berlin Startup Stipendium
- Freelancer for PKSNETPlan4.0
- Teaching creative technology to kids at Bit&Byte
2018
- To
- be
- continued


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I am a 30 year old business man who has not done any mind altering drugs in about 10 years. I have looked for Mesc and LSD but I have been out of the scene too long and I cannot find it. This led me to research chemicals. The first one I tried was 5-meO-DMT but that substance was not enjoyable to me. Through research I decided 2c-e looked like my cup of tea.
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I am glad that I tried such a small dosage because I was contemplating 10mg for a good trip. Now I think 5mg would get me to +3 and 8mg would be the absolute max I would want to go.
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Novel exon 3B proteolipid protein gene mutation causing late-onset spastic paraplegia type 2 with variable penetrance in female family members.
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia type 2 (SPG2) is allelic to Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD), with both conditions resulting from mutations in the proteolipid protein gene (PLP). We report an SPG2 family in which 3 male members and a heterozygous female member were affected with spastic paraplegia characterized by relatively late onset and mild clinical manifestations. A unique H147Y mutation in exon 3B of the PLP altering the proteolipid protein (PLP) but not the alternatively spliced DM20 isoform was identified as the cause of this distinct disease phenotype. Cellular pathology studies of SPG2 mutations offer an explanation for the paradoxical finding that mutations associated with the mildest phenotype in male family members also affect female carriers.


Hi everyone. Welcome to StirTrek!
My name is Vitaliy. Today I will be talking about Dark UX Patterns.
Before I begin, a few words about me:
I am originally from Ukraine.
I am a software engineer working for a financial company here in Easton.
I have a four year old daughter and a 9-day old son.
Dark UX Patterns
Dark Patterns are deceptive UX/UI interactions, designed to mislead or trick users to make them do something they don't
want to do.
This term was coined in 2010 after the boom of ecommerce industries on the web.
In order to generate more sales, get subscriptions, and hit target numbers in transactions, designers and business associates started creating deceiving user interfaces to manipulate users.
Let's look at a few examples.
Good user experience design is about providing the users with seamless, enjoyable interactions with products.
Are these examples deceptive, sneaky and manipulative?
Do they have the user's best interest in mind?
Let's look at some of the dark patterns in greater detail
Types Of Dark Patterns
Bait and switch is a pattern is when when a user is looking to take an action that results in a desired outcome, but instead ends up resulting in something completely unforeseen.
Bait and Switch
Example: Windows 10 Upgrade - even when you close popup - upgrade is started
As you see here, there are multiple action buttons in this popup window. But whether you click 'Upgrade Now', 'OK', or 'Close' icon - Windows upgrade would automatically start.
This pattern is adopted so that ads are disguised in the page, as if they were a part of the regular content or navigation.
That is supposed to make users click them more often
Disguised Ads
Example: Yelp Ad looks like a search result
Even though the first search result clearly says it's an ad (in yellow), it is disguised to look like a real search result sorted by number of positive reviews. The ad looks almost identical to the search result, with picture on the left, phone number on the right and description on the bottom.
Yelp constantly changes its user interface and it might look a little different now.
Found on a large number of subscription based websites that give out free trials.
Forced Continuity is a dark pattern in which the user signs up for a free trial but has to enter their credit card details. When the trial ends, they start getting charged.
There's no opportunity to opt out, no reminder, and no easy way to cancel the automatic charging of their credit card
Forced Continuity
Example: Hello Fresh, Blue Apron
Friend Spam
This kind of Dark Pattern occurs when the product asks for the user's email or social media permissions under the pretense it will be used for a desirable outcome e.g. finding friends, but then spams all their contacts in a message that claims to be from them.
Example: LinkedIn
As you see here, your email address is conveniently pre-populated and call to action button suggests you to continue. If you want to disallow this - you have to click small 'Skip this step' link below
Fined $13 million dollars as part of a class action lawsuit in 2015
A user going through multiple steps to checkout and after finally getting to the last step of the checkout
process,
discovering some unexpected charges have appeared, e.g. delivery charges, tax, etc. as 'hidden costs'.
Hidden Costs
Example: TurboTax
A $40 million settlement has been reached in a TurboTax class action lawsuit that claimed the company falsely
advertised its services as being free.
Intuit also agreed "to disclose the existence of the IRS Free File Program and qualifications to file for free under
the IRS Free File Program on one or more web pages".
Class Action Lawsuit:
TurboTax Hides Free-To-File Services, Tricks Customers Into Paying ($40M)
Misdirection is created when the user's attention is guided to a specific place so they won't notice something else that is happening.
"Skype Software Update 2016" is an example of misdirection. It takes advantage and pre-selects Bing.com to be the user's default search engine and MSN their homepage while updating the application.
Misdirection
Example: Skype Software Update (2016)
A lot of retailers make it hard for customers to compare the price of an item with another item, so they cannot make an
informed decision.
Price Comparison Prevention
Example: AirBnB price listings
When search results are displayed, it prominently features the daily rate for each accommodation.
But the daily rate excludes additional amounts, including cleaning fees and Airbnb's service fee. While the company does display a total price when a user selects dates for their stay, they have to click to see a breakdown of the additional fees charged.
What's more, when a customer filters by price, Airbnb does not factor in additional fees. For
instance, if a user specifies that she wants to spend up to $25 per night for a two-night stay, Airbnb's search results can contain listings for which the total price exceeds $50 as a result of additional fees.
Recently, Airbnb addressed the issue by rolling out a “display total price” button. When you toggle it, all prices listed
across the app—whether in cost-filtered search results, on maps, or on one-off property pages—are calculated to include
fees (but exclude taxes).
Total price will include all fees before taxes and be shown in search results, as well as on the map, filter, and
listing page. Before confirming their booking, guests can still view a full price breakdown that shows Airbnb's service
fee, discounts, and taxes.
Another example is one of the early versions of LinkedIn Premium interface. None of the plans here tell you the price. User would have to click thru each plan to determine the price
Example: LinkedIn Premium Plans
Privacy Zuckering
This dark pattern is named after Facebook's CEO (Mark Zuckerberg) because it was first identified on Facebook (Meta).
It's about tricking the user into publicly sharing more information about them than they really intended to.
Example: Facebook
The design makes it very easy for the user to get into a certain situation, but then makes it hard for them to get out of.
For example, a subscription. For a lot of companies - it's there business model: have user subscribe, set up monthly payments and have them forget about it
How many people here have subscriptions that they don't use?
Roach Motel
Example: Verizon
The only way to cancel is to call during business hours, and make sure you reach the correct representative.
You respond to a question, which, when glanced upon quickly appears to ask one thing, but if read carefully,
asks
another thing entirely.
Trick Questions
Example: Subscription checkboxes
Confirmshaming
Confirmshaming occurs when the design tries to make a user feel guilty by taking some action.
This is regularly used to convince the user to sign up for a newsletter.

Confirmshaming
Example: Cat Food?
Confirmshaming
Example: Good Times?
Let's now look at Robinhood which is full of dark patterns and other bad practices.
The app draws in young and inexperienced investors to it's platform.
It's very easy to use and trading is free, but frequent trading does not necessarily means more profits.
During wild swings of market of 2020 and after wide criticism of its practices the App has modified its User Interface
Case Study: Robinhood
App's simplicity encourages novice investors to take bigger risks
Free trading
Free shares at sign up
Frequent trading is encouraged
Confetti to celebrate milestones
Here is a New York Times article that talks about just how risky Robinhood is
Case Study: Robinhood
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/08/technology/robinhood-risky-trading.html
It features a 32 year old who started trading and lost a lot of money.
He says that he was charmed by Robinhood's one-click trading, easy access to complex investment products, and features like confetti and emoji-filled phone notifications that made it feel like a game.
After funding his account with $15,000 in credit card advances, he began spending more time on the app.
He took out home equity loans ($60K+) so he could buy and sell more speculative stocks and options.
His account value reached one million dollars and very quickly went down.
Case Study: Robinhood
Animations such as confetti, celebrating successful buy trade, play on customer psychology
and encourage more trading.
Since then, and after Game Stonk debacle, Robinhood updated their user interface and removed confetti
Case Study: Robinhood
Robinhood users trade 9 times as many shares as E-Trade customers, and 40 times as many shares as Charles Schwab customers
They also bought and sold 88 times as many risky options contracts as Schwab customers, relative to the average account size
Case Study: Robinhood
Here is a sad story about Alex Kearns, a 20 year old student at the University of Nebraska, who took up stock investing during the pandemic, signing up for Robinhood.
As the Covid-19 stock market swung wildly, Kearns had begun experimenting, trading options (which are very risky for uneducated customers). His final note, filled with anger toward Robinhood, says that he had “no clue” what he was doing.
Case Study: Robinhood
20-Year-Old Robinhood Customer Dies By Suicide After Seeing A $730,000 Negative Balance
https://www.forbes.com/sites/sergeiklebnikov/2020/06/17/20-year-old-robinhood-customer-dies-by-suicide-after-seeing-a-730000-negative-balance/?sh=59b653821638
Here is screenshot from Kearns' mobile phone reveals that while his account had a negative $730,165 cash balance displayed in
red, it may not have represented uncollateralized indebtedness at all, but rather his temporary balance until the stocks
underlying his assigned options actually settled into his account.
Alex did not understand this from app's user interface. He may not have realized that his negative cash balance displaying on his Robinhood home screen was only temporary
and would be corrected once the underlying stock was credited to his account.
Case Study: Robinhood
What was done since
Confetti removed
Increased educational support on the app
Institution of more rigorous criteria for eligibility for options trading
24/7 in-app phone support added
Release ESG report
Recently, a lot of apps and websites started providing more safety features.
Users can more easily block other people, report inappropriate behavior, set information to private.
There are more options for Screen time management.
There is more information about Covid-19, to help community stay safe and informed.
There is more work done to prevent misinformation.
There are more tools that parents can use to limit device use of their children, limit sensitive content.
Applications send reminders to take breaks.
Digital Wellbeing and Safety
Example: TikTok
For example, tiktok provides a section in Settings where you can control screen time management and enable restricted mode
Android OS introduced Digital Wellbeing tools to help you unplug, focus, or be able to control your kids activities.
You can tell your device to turn screen to grayscale and silence notifications.
You can set "Focus Mode" that can "pause" selected apps temporarily so you can focus on get things done.
You can set a schedule to automatically turn on Focus mode as well.
You can see things in one place, such as how much time you spend in apps, how many times you unlocked your phone, and how many notifications you received.
Digital Wellbeing and Safety
Example: Android
Now let's go back to some of the patterns and see how can we avoid and respond to them.
How to avoid and respond
Here are some good online tactics you can use to help you avoid dark patterns or respond appropriately if you do
fall prey to one.
How to avoid and respond to dark patterns
Whenever you are about to buy anything online, stop for a moment and carefully examine the contents of your
shopping cart.
Are the items in your cart what you intended to buy? If not, delete some of those items before continuing.
This not only prevents some impulse buying but it completely wards off the sneak-into-basket dark pattern.
Double-check your online shopping cart before you pay
Have a second email address that you use to sign up for anything unimportant so that you're not receiving unwanted
spam
to your main address. You can simply get a separate email address and use that for many online signups,
keeping your main email for the truly meaningful things you want to see while most of the spam goes to your other
mailbox.
Use a junk email address for unimportant signups
It's an app. It's a website. It's a computer program. Don't feel guilty about anything the website says to
you.
It's software trying to hit your emotional buttons. Just walk away and make your decision later.
If you ever feel guilty or sad in front of a computer, especially when you're not communicating directly
with a real person you know, just walk away.
Don't be shamed by an app or a website's wording
Unless you think there's tremendous value in sharing information about yourself on social media, avoid doing it.
Don't participate in fun games or other forwards where you offer up lists of things about yourself, like your
code name or a quiz about yourself.
Those things simply gather information about you, which can be used for crafting very targeted ads or even for
identity theft. Just skip over them.
Share minimal personal information on social media
Use your device's Settings to Enable Restricted Mode or Do Not Disturb Mode when needed.
Turn on Restricted Mode during work or school hours, and Do Not Disturb mode at night
Make it easy for customers to unsubscribe from their account pages.
Consider offering a retention package to persuade them to stay before they make their final decision.
Dont nag too much!
Roach Motel
Easy unsubscribe Retention package
Show the total cost in the shopping cart at all times. Most customers are perfectly willing to accept these fees when disclosed upfront but dislike the secrecy.
Hidden costs
Show total cost upfront
Distinguish ads clearly so that customers will recognize them for what they are. Tricking customers into clicking ads will only frustrate them.
Disguised ads
Distinguish ads clearly
Be transparent about information you need or want from customers
Do not ask about information you won't ever need. Think, if you got hacked, would you like public to know which information you had?
Privacy Zuckering
Be transparent
While the goal of some language on the screen is to be funny and snarky, it can seem condescending and offend some customers
Language, such as "You have been unsubscribed", will suffice.
Confirmshaming
Use clear and simple language
Make pricing transparent. Show the benefits of plans and services. Hiding prices will invevitably make customers unhappy.
Price Comparison Prevention
Make pricing transparent Show benefits of all plans and services
Be honest about product or service availability and features. Don't hide something upfront only to reveal it later.
Bait And Switch
Be honest
Notify customers that their trials have expired and let them choose whether to continue subscribing.
Don't renew the service until customers confirm their choice to continue.
Forced Continuity
Notify customers Don't renew by default
Few more tips for developers
How to avoid and respond to dark patterns
Do your best to push back or offer an alternative solution when someone tells you to build something that fits a
dark pattern mentioned earlier.
Send them a link to this presentation or some of the articles mentioning how companies got fined for using dark
patterns
DEVELOPERS: push back on requirements or user experience that you think will hurt customers
Avoid popups and prompts as much as possible.
Wait till the end of a flow to ask user for feedback, or ask them to sign up.
DEVELOPERS: avoid nagging user too much with popups, notifications, "unread" badges, signup prompts
Don't play tricks, let the user decide.
Don't make a user feel bad about refusing to sign up to your newsletter or closing your popup with discount offer
Give an easy option to unsubscribe or cancel the service
DEVELOPERS: provide YES and NO options that are clear to select
Research what other companies are doing in terms of good user experience practices
DEVELOPERS: take inspiration from the UX designs that follow an ethical design process
If you are a designer, ask yourself these questions
How to avoid and respond to dark patterns
According to a PwC study, a majority of customers said that the customer experience was one of the most important factors in
their decision to buy. Dark patterns lead to bad customer experience. Bad customer experience leads to loss of customers
DESIGNERS: does this design have the customer's best interest in mind?
Do you want to end up in Hall of Shame?
DESIGNERS: could this design pattern damage my client's reputation?
Can you or your company get sued or fined because your design breaks the law?
DESIGNERS: is this design unlawful?
It can be tempting to turn to dark patterns in an attempt to increase user engagement, subscriptions, and purchases.
But incorporating these manipulative techniques will ultimately erode customer trust and may cause your users to leave.
Providing customers with an experience that keeps their best interest in mind is the smart way to protect your
business in the long run.
DESIGNERS: if I were the customer, would I feel that I'm being treated honestly?
Thank You!
https://bit.ly/dark-ux-patterns
www.linkedin.com/in/vitaliymatiyash/
twitter.com/VitaliyMatiyash