Class inheritance is a way for one class to extend another class.
So we can create new functionality on top of the existing.
Let’s say we have class Animal
:
class Animal {
constructor(name) {
this.speed = 0;
this.name = name;
}
run(speed) {
this.speed = speed;
alert(`${this.name} runs with speed ${this.speed}.`);
}
stop() {
this.speed = 0;
alert(`${this.name} stands still.`);
}
}
let animal = new Animal("My animal");
Here’s how we can represent animal
object and Animal
class graphically:
…And we would like to create another class Rabbit
.
As rabbits are animals, Rabbit
class should be based on Animal
, have access to animal methods, so that rabbits can do what “generic” animals can do.
The syntax to extend another class is: class Child extends Parent
.
Let’s create class Rabbit
that inherits from Animal
:
*!*
class Rabbit extends Animal {
*/!*
hide() {
alert(`${this.name} hides!`);
}
}
let rabbit = new Rabbit("White Rabbit");
rabbit.run(5); // White Rabbit runs with speed 5.
rabbit.hide(); // White Rabbit hides!
Object of Rabbit
class have access both to Rabbit
methods, such as rabbit.hide()
, and also to Animal
methods, such as rabbit.run()
.
Internally, extends
keyword works using the good old prototype mechanics. It sets Rabbit.prototype.[[Prototype]]
to Animal.prototype
. So, if a method is not found in Rabbit.prototype
, JavaScript takes it from Animal.prototype
.
For instance, to find rabbit.run
method, the engine checks (bottom-up on the picture): 1. The rabbit
object (has no run
). 2. Its prototype, that is Rabbit.prototype
(has hide
, but not run
). 3. Its prototype, that is (due to extends
) Animal.prototype
, that finally has the run
method.
As we can recall from the chapter info:native-prototypes, JavaScript itself uses prototypal inheritance for built-in objects. E.g. Date.prototype.[[Prototype]]
is Object.prototype
. That’s why dates have access to generic object methods.
```smart header="Any expression is allowed after
extends" Class syntax allows to specify not just a class, but any expression after
extends`.
For instance, a function call that generates the parent class:
```js run function f(phrase) { return class { sayHi() { alert(phrase); } }; }
! class User extends f(“Hello”) {} /!
new User().sayHi(); // Hello
Here `class User` inherits from the result of `f("Hello")`.
That may be useful for advanced programming patterns when we use functions to generate classes depending on many conditions and can inherit from them.
Now let’s move forward and override a method. By default, all methods that are not specified in class Rabbit
are taken directly “as is” from class Animal
.
But if we specify our own method in Rabbit
, such as stop()
then it will be used instead:
class Rabbit extends Animal {
stop() {
// ...now this will be used for rabbit.stop()
// instead of stop() from class Animal
}
}
Usually we don’t want to totally replace a parent method, but rather to build on top of it to tweak or extend its functionality. We do something in our method, but call the parent method before/after it or in the process.
Classes provide "super"
keyword for that.
super.method(...)
to call a parent method.super(...)
to call a parent constructor (inside our constructor only).For instance, let our rabbit autohide when stopped:
```js run class Animal {
constructor(name) { this.speed = 0; this.name = name; }
run(speed) { this.speed = speed; alert(${this.name} runs with speed ${this.speed}.
); }
stop() { this.speed = 0; alert(${this.name} stands still.
); }
}
class Rabbit extends Animal { hide() { alert(${this.name} hides!
); }
! stop() { super.stop(); // call parent stop this.hide(); // and then hide } /! }
let rabbit = new Rabbit(“White Rabbit”);
rabbit.run(5); // White Rabbit runs with speed 5. rabbit.stop(); // White Rabbit stands still. White Rabbit hides! ```
Now Rabbit
has the stop
method that calls the parent super.stop()
in the process.
```smart header="Arrow functions have no
super" As was mentioned in the chapter <info:arrow-functions>, arrow functions do not have
super`.
If accessed, it’s taken from the outer function. For instance:
class Rabbit extends Animal {
stop() {
setTimeout(() => super.stop(), 1000); // call parent stop after 1sec
}
}
The super
in the arrow function is the same as in stop()
, so it works as intended. If we specified a “regular” function here, there would be an error:
````
With constructors it gets a little bit tricky.
Until now, Rabbit
did not have its own constructor
.
According to the specification, if a class extends another class and has no constructor
, then the following “empty” constructor
is generated:
class Rabbit extends Animal {
// generated for extending classes without own constructors
*!*
constructor(...args) {
super(...args);
}
*/!*
}
As we can see, it basically calls the parent constructor
passing it all the arguments. That happens if we don’t write a constructor of our own.
Now let’s add a custom constructor to Rabbit
. It will specify the earLength
in addition to name
:
```js run class Animal { constructor(name) { this.speed = 0; this.name = name; } // … }
class Rabbit extends Animal {
! constructor(name, earLength) { this.speed = 0; this.name = name; this.earLength = earLength; } /!
// … }
! // Doesn’t work! let rabbit = new Rabbit(“White Rabbit”, 10); // Error: this is not defined. /! ```
Whoops! We’ve got an error. Now we can’t create rabbits. What went wrong?
The short answer is:
super(...)
, and (!) do it before using this
.…But why? What’s going on here? Indeed, the requirement seems strange.
Of course, there’s an explanation. Let’s get into details, so you’ll really understand what’s going on.
In JavaScript, there’s a distinction between a constructor function of an inheriting class (so-called “derived constructor”) and other functions. A derived constructor has a special internal property [[ConstructorKind]]:"derived"
. That’s a special internal label.
That label affects its behavior with new
.
new
, it creates an empty object and assigns it to this
.So a derived constructor must call super
in order to execute its parent (base) constructor, otherwise the object for this
won’t be created. And we’ll get an error.
For the Rabbit
constructor to work, it needs to call super()
before using this
, like here:
```js run class Animal {
constructor(name) { this.speed = 0; this.name = name; }
// … }
class Rabbit extends Animal {
constructor(name, earLength) { ! super(name); /! this.earLength = earLength; }
// … }
! // now fine let rabbit = new Rabbit(“White Rabbit”, 10); alert(rabbit.name); // White Rabbit alert(rabbit.earLength); // 10 /! ```
```warn header=“Advanced note” This note assumes you have a certain experience with classes, maybe in other programming languages.
It provides better insight into the language and also explains the behavior that might be a source of bugs (but not very often).
If you find it difficult to understand, just go on, continue reading, then return to it some time later. ```
We can override not only methods, but also class fields.
Although, there’s a tricky behavior when we access an overridden field in parent constructor, quite different from most other programming languages.
Consider this example:
```js run class Animal { name = ‘animal’;
constructor() { alert(this.name); // (*) } }
class Rabbit extends Animal { name = ‘rabbit’; }
new Animal(); // animal ! new Rabbit(); // animal /! ```
Here, class Rabbit
extends Animal
and overrides name
field with its own value.
There’s no own constructor in Rabbit
, so Animal
constructor is called.
What’s interesting is that in both cases: new Animal()
and new Rabbit()
, the alert
in the line (*)
shows animal
.
In other words, parent constructor always uses its own field value, not the overridden one.
What’s odd about it?
If it’s not clear yet, please compare with methods.
Here’s the same code, but instead of this.name
field we call this.showName()
method:
```js run class Animal { showName() { // instead of this.name = ‘animal’ alert(‘animal’); }
constructor() { this.showName(); // instead of alert(this.name); } }
class Rabbit extends Animal { showName() { alert(‘rabbit’); } }
new Animal(); // animal ! new Rabbit(); // rabbit /! ```
Please note: now the output is different.
And that’s what we naturally expect. When the parent constructor is called in the derived class, it uses the overridden method.
…But for class fields it’s not so. As said, the parent constructor always uses the parent field.
Why is there the difference?
Well, the reason is in the field initialization order. The class field is initialized: - Before constructor for the base class (that doesn’t extend anything), - Immediately after super()
for the derived class.
In our case, Rabbit
is the derived class. There’s no constructor()
in it. As said previously, that’s the same as if there was an empty constructor with only super(...args)
.
So, new Rabbit()
calls super()
, thus executing the parent constructor, and (per the rule for derived classes) only after that its class fields are initialized. At the time of the parent constructor execution, there are no Rabbit
class fields yet, that’s why Animal
fields are used.
This subtle difference between fields and methods is specific to JavaScript
Luckily, this behavior only reveals itself if an overridden field is used in the parent constructor. Then it may be difficult to understand what’s going on, so we’re explaining it here.
If it becomes a problem, one can fix it by using methods or getters/setters instead of fields.
```warn header=“Advanced information” If you’re reading the tutorial for the first time - this section may be skipped.
It’s about the internal mechanisms behind inheritance and super
. ```
Let’s get a little deeper under the hood of super
. We’ll see some interesting things along the way.
First to say, from all that we’ve learned till now, it’s impossible for super
to work at all!
Yeah, indeed, let’s ask ourselves, how it should technically work? When an object method runs, it gets the current object as this
. If we call super.method()
then, the engine needs to get the method
from the prototype of the current object. But how?
The task may seem simple, but it isn’t. The engine knows the current object this
, so it could get the parent method
as this.__proto__.method
. Unfortunately, such a “naive” solution won’t work.
Let’s demonstrate the problem. Without classes, using plain objects for the sake of simplicity.
You may skip this part and go below to the [[HomeObject]]
subsection if you don’t want to know the details. That won’t harm. Or read on if you’re interested in understanding things in-depth.
In the example below, rabbit.__proto__ = animal
. Now let’s try: in rabbit.eat()
we’ll call animal.eat()
, using this.__proto__
:
``js run let animal = { name: "Animal", eat() { alert(
${this.name} eats.`); } };
let rabbit = { proto: animal, name: “Rabbit”, eat() { ! // that’s how super.eat() could presumably work this.__proto__.eat.call(this); // () /!* } };
rabbit.eat(); // Rabbit eats. ```
At the line (*)
we take eat
from the prototype (animal
) and call it in the context of the current object. Please note that .call(this)
is important here, because a simple this.__proto__.eat()
would execute parent eat
in the context of the prototype, not the current object.
And in the code above it actually works as intended: we have the correct alert
.
Now let’s add one more object to the chain. We’ll see how things break:
``js run let animal = { name: "Animal", eat() { alert(
${this.name} eats.`); } };
let rabbit = { proto: animal, eat() { // …bounce around rabbit-style and call parent (animal) method this.__proto__.eat.call(this); // (*) } };
let longEar = { proto: rabbit, eat() { // …do something with long ears and call parent (rabbit) method this.__proto__.eat.call(this); // (**) } };
! longEar.eat(); // Error: Maximum call stack size exceeded /! ```
The code doesn’t work anymore! We can see the error trying to call longEar.eat()
.
It may be not that obvious, but if we trace longEar.eat()
call, then we can see why. In both lines (*)
and (**)
the value of this
is the current object (longEar
). That’s essential: all object methods get the current object as this
, not a prototype or something.
So, in both lines (*)
and (**)
the value of this.__proto__
is exactly the same: rabbit
. They both call rabbit.eat
without going up the chain in the endless loop.
Here’s the picture of what happens:
longEar.eat()
, the line (**)
calls rabbit.eat
providing it with this=longEar
. js // inside longEar.eat() we have this = longEar this.__proto__.eat.call(this) // (**) // becomes longEar.__proto__.eat.call(this) // that is rabbit.eat.call(this);
Then in the line (*)
of rabbit.eat
, we’d like to pass the call even higher in the chain, but this=longEar
, so this.__proto__.eat
is again rabbit.eat
!
…So rabbit.eat
calls itself in the endless loop, because it can’t ascend any further.
The problem can’t be solved by using this
alone.
[[HomeObject]]
To provide the solution, JavaScript adds one more special internal property for functions: [[HomeObject]]
.
When a function is specified as a class or object method, its [[HomeObject]]
property becomes that object.
Then super
uses it to resolve the parent prototype and its methods.
Let’s see how it works, first with plain objects:
``js run let animal = { name: "Animal", eat() { // animal.eat.[[HomeObject]] == animal alert(
${this.name} eats.`); } };
let rabbit = { proto: animal, name: “Rabbit”, eat() { // rabbit.eat.[[HomeObject]] == rabbit super.eat(); } };
let longEar = { proto: rabbit, name: “Long Ear”, eat() { // longEar.eat.[[HomeObject]] == longEar super.eat(); } };
! // works correctly longEar.eat(); // Long Ear eats. /! ```
It works as intended, due to [[HomeObject]]
mechanics. A method, such as longEar.eat
, knows its [[HomeObject]]
and takes the parent method from its prototype. Without any use of this
.
As we’ve known before, generally functions are “free”, not bound to objects in JavaScript. So they can be copied between objects and called with another this
.
The very existence of [[HomeObject]]
violates that principle, because methods remember their objects. [[HomeObject]]
can’t be changed, so this bond is forever.
The only place in the language where [[HomeObject]]
is used – is super
. So, if a method does not use super
, then we can still consider it free and copy between objects. But with super
things may go wrong.
Here’s the demo of a wrong super
result after copying:
``js run let animal = { sayHi() { alert(
I’m an animal`); } };
// rabbit inherits from animal let rabbit = { proto: animal, sayHi() { super.sayHi(); } };
let plant = { sayHi() { alert(“I’m a plant”); } };
// tree inherits from plant let tree = { proto: plant, ! sayHi: rabbit.sayHi // () /!* };
! tree.sayHi(); // I’m an animal (?!?) /! ```
A call to tree.sayHi()
shows “I’m an animal”. Definitely wrong.
The reason is simple: - In the line (*)
, the method tree.sayHi
was copied from rabbit
. Maybe we just wanted to avoid code duplication? - Its [[HomeObject]]
is rabbit
, as it was created in rabbit
. There’s no way to change [[HomeObject]]
. - The code of tree.sayHi()
has super.sayHi()
inside. It goes up from rabbit
and takes the method from animal
.
Here’s the diagram of what happens:
[[HomeObject]]
is defined for methods both in classes and in plain objects. But for objects, methods must be specified exactly as method()
, not as "method: function()"
.
The difference may be non-essential for us, but it’s important for JavaScript.
In the example below a non-method syntax is used for comparison. [[HomeObject]]
property is not set and the inheritance doesn’t work:
```js run let animal = { eat: function() { // intentionally writing like this instead of eat() {… // … } };
let rabbit = { proto: animal, eat: function() { super.eat(); } };
! rabbit.eat(); // Error calling super (because there’s no [[HomeObject]]) /! ```
class Child extends Parent
:
Child.prototype.__proto__
will be Parent.prototype
, so methods are inherited.super()
in Child
constructor before using this
.super.method()
in a Child
method to call Parent
method.[[HomeObject]]
property. That’s how super
resolves parent methods.super
from one object to another.Also: - Arrow functions don’t have their own this
or super
, so they transparently fit into the surrounding context.


Use blending
Alpha level
Use lighting
(Use cursor keys to spin the box and
Page Up
/
Page Down
to zoom out/in)
Directional light:
Direction:
X:
Y:
Z:
Colour:
R:
G:
B:
Ambient light:
Colour:
R:
G:
B:


Views Slideshow can create slideshows out any content on your Drupal site - whether that is images, images on content or full rendered entities. The views_slideshow
module provides a base/plugin system/api for building full featured slideshows within the Views UI. This project also includes a module implementing that base; views_slideshow_cycle
. For most users, you’ll just want to enable both of them and install pre-reqs. For advanced users you can create your own implementation - and there are other implementations for Drupal 7 available (see below).
Built in and most/all of the implementations are powered by jQuery, and are highly customizable: you may choose slideshow settings for each View display you create.
Install as you would normally install a contributed Drupal module. See the Drupal 8 Instructions if required in the Drupal documentation for further information. Note there are two modules included in this project; Views Slideshow & Views Slideshow Cycle. In most cases you will need/want to enable both of them.
If you are using the Views Slideshow Cycle sub-module, you will also need to install some JavaScript libraries. The required libraries are:
/libraries/jquery.cycle
/libraries/json2
/libraries/jquery.hoverIntent
/libraries/jquery.pause
It is recommended to use Drush to automatically install the requirements to the right spot. To install all of the libraries to the right places, run drush dl-cycle-lib
.
If you don’t have Drush available, or would prefer to install manually, you can do so. An example of code you could run in your Drupal root dir to download to the right place:
mkdir -p libraries/jquery.cycle && cd $_ && wget https://malsup.github.io/jquery.cycle.all.js \
&& mkdir -p ../../libraries/jquery.hoverIntent && cd $_ && wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/briancherne/jquery-hoverIntent/master/jquery.hoverIntent.js \
&& mkdir -p ../../libraries/json2 && cd $_ && wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/douglascrockford/JSON-js/master/json2.js \
&& mkdir -p ../../libraries/jquery.pause && cd $_ && wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tobia/Pause/master/jquery.pause.js
Configuration is on a per view/display basis.
Most standard views settings will work fine in conjunction with Views Slideshow. However, grouping may or may not work. Under most use cases the pager should be set to either Display a specified number of items
or Display all
.
To get started configuring your slideshow, set Slideshow
as the display format and configure the slideshow as desired under Format Settings. Next select the Skin - usually Default
(only one provided with the module). Then select the Slideshow Type; for most users, this will just be cycle
with the views_slideshow_cycle
module.
Below that, there is a lot of different options which should have better documentation.
Current maintainers:
Past maintainers:
vbouchet Initial 8.x port
Also, thanks to the many contributors via the issue queues.


Company Information
Welcome to Tsukushinbo Traditional Japanese Cuisine! You will not find another Japanese restaurant like this in Seattle. We specialize in making our sushi rolls with local fresh ingredients. All of our vegetables are locally grown and all of our fish is flown in daily. We also offer omakase, which means the chef will prepare something of his special choice for you! Because we offer such a wide variety of fresh fish and fresh vegetables, our skillful chef can always make something unique. If you love Japanese food, you have come to the right place! Our fantastic selections of entrees, sushi, sashimi, and sake will make you fall in love with Japanese food and drinks. We invite you to experience a warm, relaxing ambience. We will help guide you through your first visit with a passion for our food unlike anywhere else.Please find the next biggest trend before any of your friends do - check our recent reviews
Hours of Operation: Mon - Thur 11:00am - 9:00pm
Fri&Sat 12:00pm - 9:00pm
Sun 12:00pm - 8:00pm
Accepted payment methods: Visa, Mastercard, Cash


I'm excited to start my journey to becoming a programmer at Galvanize. I am eager to
learn about full stack technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The fullstack immersive program is perfect for
me because I have always been fascinated by the web and how it works. My goal as a Galvanize student is to learn as
much as I can about web technologies so that I can become a great programmer.
After Galvanize, I would love to work as a web developer for a non-profit or socially conscious company/organization
so I can use my skills to help make a better world. I would especially love to work for a company that helps protect
and promote the environment.
Here is a little GIF that expresses how excited I am to join Galvanize.


I was born in Cuba on 1992. I discovered my love for coding as I was 17 and didn't stop since. Studied Computer Science back in my country for three years. Came to Berlin just to start again. Actually studying at the Technical University Berlin.
Personal Life
Professional Life
One year Scholarship at Devugees and a lot of online courses like CodeSchool or FreeCodeCamp. Making the Path to become a Web Developer. Always looking for a challenge to do.


Data for 8,057 US census tracts. Heights indicate density per square kilometer.
Use fingers or pointing device to to zoom, pan and rotate. Click on a data point to view its details in a pop-up. Click the link in the pop-up to go to the Census Bureau map for the tract. Use the slider to scale the data points so you can zoom in and see the detail
Scale the size of the data points: 50
setStats


On this page, a proxy to a remote object 'object1' is created and used. The object 'object1' runs on web page object1.html which should be opened first. See console.


{% set area = 'sponsor' %} {% extends "layout.html" %} {% import 'forms.html' as forms %} {% block title %} {% trans %}DevFest Vienna - Sponsorship{% endtrans %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
{% trans %} Interested in being part of the event as a sponsor? Excellent! {% endtrans %} {% trans %}Let us know about it!{% endtrans %}
{% trans %}
As a silver sponsor, your logo is present on the local web site
as well as in social media mentions (Google+ and Twitter).
{% endtrans %}
{% trans %}
You can provide stickers and / or flyers for the participants.
{% endtrans %}
{% trans %}
As gold sponsor, you get the same coverage as a silver sponsor,
so your logo is present on the local web site as well as in
social media mentions (Google+ and Twitter).
In addition, you will get mentioned on the web sites of the
host organizations (JSUG
and GDG Vienna).
{% endtrans %}
{% trans %} In addition to providing stickers and flyers to participants, you can attend the event with your own table, mount a poster at the location and present your products or company in a short pitch. One attendee from your company is allowed to represent you on-site. {% endtrans %}
{% trans %} As platinum sponsor, you get the most comprehensive presence online and at the event. Your logo (bigger size) is present on the local web site, you are getting mentions in social media interactions (Google+, Facebook and Twitter), you are mentioned on the web sites of the host organizations (JSUG and GDG Vienna), and your logo will be present on their websites for a full year. {% endtrans %}
{% trans %} Just the same, your presence at the location is at platinum level as well. Stickers, flyers, poster and a table are part of the package. Two attendees from your company are allowed to represent you on-site. {% endtrans %}


Next: Background, Previous: (dir), Up: (dir)
Polipo is a caching web proxy designed to be used as a personal cache or a cache shared among a few users.
The latest version of Polipo can be found on the Polipo web page.
This manual was written by Juliusz Chroboczek.


{% extends 'base.html'%} {% block title%} HackOn | Rules {% endblock %} {% block body %}
1. Last set of problem levels will be unlocked on 10th April.
2. Every level have multiple questions. One of them will be allocated to each
user.
3. For every level maximum possible score is 100(except 10 th Level).
4. Scoring at each level has following rules :
Every wrong attempt leads to a penalty of 1 marks.
On a successful submission of a user the maximum possible marks for
the corresponding question will be deducted by 5(it will not make
any impact on other questions of that level).
Time taken by the user will be considered from the time of unlocking
the level to the time of first successful submission.
Wrong attempts will be considered only before first successful
submission.
There is minimum threshold score for each level (Penalty will be
considered explicitly for final scoring).


DayTrading: Poniedzialek 31.08.2020
Author: Saif
31 sie 2020,19:40
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using 'Content here, content here'.
Making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like). still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident.


LED Matrix Typescript Basics
const ledMatrix = new LedMatrix();
const player = new LedMatrixPlayer();
ledMatrix.event.newSequence.on((sequence) => {
player.sequence = sequence;
})
CharactersJSON.import("alphabet.json", (characters) => {
ledMatrix.addCharacters(characters);
ledMatrix.input = "hello world";
});


Toolik Arctic Zackenberg temperature summer increase plant NDVI data depth warming significant (Fig. arctic change tundra annual climate soil Research Alaska changes temperatures thaw long-term Kling University active measures vegetation {border-style permafrost air biomass measured px;} trends #ffffff;} Climate layer research water year Fig. increased trend Ecological environmental years < High lakes northern -year Low ecological site species variability Hobbie Lake Press Shaver abundance alkalinity average ecosystem high response signal Barrow New Walker include mean satellite Greenland York communities effects filter measurements period record sites terrestrial thickness changing o′N, studies time tundra, (–) Arctic, Biology Cambridge Environmental North SAT Schmidt analysis cover ecosystems growth indicators interests monitoring point-frame px; stream weathering {font-family (–), Alaska’s Ecology However, Oxford contrast, evidence font-size large pass peak production recent region results season small snow streams, used .). Alaska, August Bowden Change Goetz Hinzman International Permafrost Plant Polar Raynolds Romanovsky community consequences decrease double; fall frozen lake measure medium number occurred plants previously responses revealed seasonal site, soils statistically surface useful values (Table (e.g., Alaskan Chapin Cherry Data Epstein Field Global Gould Guay Keller LTER Letters NDVI, Rastetter Slope Toolik, Zackenberg, [], analyzed aquatic assessment biomass, border-color border-width canopy chemistry closed deeper filters isotope linear noise productivity relatively report reset result sampled short shrubs similar solid; temperature, watershed winter {font-style {font-weight ./j.-...x ./s--- Active Ambio Bettez Biological Center, Figure Giblin Hansen Hollister ITEX Marine Mercado-Díaz Senior Station Stieglitz Table Tucker Vegetation Verbyla Woods acidic affect arctic: area areas bold change. chemical courier; dates decade described differences different difficult em; entire example, graminoids grasses including increases increasing indicate interactions lichens maximum moist moves moving o′W; past program projects pt;} ratios running series showed shrub species, spring spring, state strontium study types use variables °C,


Tensorlog
15 Oct 2019 Logic Learning Query answering Neural-SymbolicTensorLog (Cohen et al., 2017) is an implementation of probabilistic knowledge bases that (i) leverages deep learning to answer queries efficiently, by (ii) restricting the first order logic language to a class called p-tree-DKG, and (iii) learns weights on knowledge base facts.
How
The paper explains that the problem with past approaches is that they rely on grounding first order clauses (either for training or answering queries). For example, given a (Prolog-like) rule:
\[p(X,Y) \text{ :- } q(Y,Z),r(Z,Y)\]Representing the formula:
\[\forall X \forall Y \ (p(X,Y) \lor \neg (q(Y,Z) \land r(Z,Y)))\]And a logic vocabulary with a set of constants \(\mathcal{C}\) of size \(n\), the amount of clauses generated by the grounding of this clause would be \(n^3\), as each variable can be replaced by any constant. It becomes apparent that with larger amounts of variables in the clause, grounding them can quickly become untractable.
Let us quickly define the following: a database is a set of ground facts \(\mathcal{DB} = \{f_1, ..., f_N\}\), and a theory \(\mathcal{T}\) is as a set of Horn clauses (Prolog like), which can also be seen as knowledge base rules (as in the example above).
The proof methodology here is backwards chaining i.e. top-down unification of literals through rules. Then, a proof tree for a query \(Q\) is a graph where nodes contain tuples (S,L) consisting of a solution S (to a query or a successive unification state) and a list L of (non-grounded) literals to unify, where \((Q, [ Q ])\) is the root.
Now, in order to incorporate probabilistic reasoning to our scheme, we have to assign weights to our facts and rules and provide an extension for query answering through proof trees.
A stochastic logic program (SLP) is a tuple \((\mathcal{DB}, \mathcal{T}, \Theta)\) where \(\Theta\) maps literals and rules to non-negative real numbers. Given a query \(Q\) with proof graph \(G\) and an answer \(f\), the weight of \(f\) with respect to \(Q\) is:
\[w_Q(f) = \sum\limits_{v_0=(Q,[Q])\rightarrow ... \rightarrow v_n=(f,[])} \prod\limits_{i=0}^{n-1} \Theta_{r_{v_i,v_{i+1}}}\]Where \(r_{v_i,v_{i+1}}\) is the rule used between nodes \(v_i\) and \(v_{i+1}\) in \(G\).
Then, we can normalize all the answers \(\{ f_1,...,f_k \}\) to the query as:
\[P(f_i | Q) = \frac{w_Q(f_i)}{\sum\limits_{j=1}^{k} w_Q(f_j)}\](Theorem 1) Computing \(P(f|Q)\) for all possible answers \(f\) of the query \(Q\) is #P-hard, even if there are only two such answers, the theory contains only two non-recursive clauses, and the knowledge graph contains only 13 facts.
To bypass this, the authors propose a series of restrictions that lead to more efficient query answerings.
A polytree-limited stochastic deductive knowledge graph (ptree-SDKG) is a SLP where:
- \(\mathcal{DB}\) and \(\mathcal{T}\) have no function symbols.
- \(\mathcal{DB}\) and \(\mathcal{T}\) have only unary and binary predicates.
- Theory \(\mathcal{T}\) clauses have weight 1, i.e. \(\forall r \in \mathcal{T}, \ \Theta(r)=1\).
- Theory \(\mathcal{T}\) clauses are not recursive.
- Theory \(\mathcal{T}\) clauses \(r = A \text{ :- } B_1, ... , B_k\) satisfy that, given a graph with nodes \(B_i\) and edges \((B_i,B_j)\) where \(i \neq j\) for each pair of predicates that share a variable, then the graph has no cycles (polytree restriction).
An example:
(Theorem 2) For any ptree-SDKG, \(P(f\mid Q)\) can be computed in linear time in the size of \(\mathcal{T}\) and \(\mathcal{DB}\).
With these restrictions, it holds that:
\[w'_Q(f) = \sum\limits_{v_0=(Q,[Q])\rightarrow ... \rightarrow v_n=(f,[])} \prod\limits_{ \{ f \in \mathcal{DB} \mid f \text{ is used in the path} \} } \Theta_{f}\] \[P(f_i | Q) = \frac{w'_Q(f_i)}{\sum\limits_{j=1}^{k} w'_Q(f_j)}\]Meaning that we can compute the normalized answer to a query \(Q\) only by looking at the facts that were used in the proof graph to unify, as they are the only ones with weight different than 1.
Conclusion
- Identified a family of probabilistic deductive databases called polytree-limited stochastic deductive knowledge graphs (ptree-SDKGs) which are tractable for query answering and learning weights of facts.
- Presented an algorithm for performing inference for ptree-SDKGs.
- Even if the logic language is maximally expressive, it seems highly restrictive, and all it can learn is weights for facts, not rules, then, query answering is efficient because it disallows recursion and imposes further restrictions.
- Implemented the framework, called Tensorlog, which is available in Github.
References
- Cohen, W. W., Yang, F., & Mazaitis, K. (2017). TensorLog: Deep Learning Meets Probabilistic DBs. CoRR, abs/1707.05390. http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.05390


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This is a visualization showing the Poincaré disk model of hyperbolic geometry. The entire geometry is located within the unit circle. Hyperbolic lines are actually arcs of a circle that intersect at right angles to the unit circle. Hyperbolic circles looks like Euclidean circles contained entirely within the unit circle, except the hyperbolic center is not in general the Euclidean center.
Notice how the same Euclidean length at the edge of the circle is much longer than near the center, this is due to the hyperbolic geometry, which has a very different distance function. See my accompanying blog post on Hyperbolic Geometry and Poincaré Embeddings for more details.
(NOTE: There are still a few kinks for some corner cases (near straight lines, circles near the edge) that don't quite draw the right thing due to the hacky numeric methods I used, but for the most part the lines and circles works as expected.)


RT @holman: Instead of merging branches, I rebase. Always. I made one commit in 2007 that I squash all my code into and I've never needed a…
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Polar zoobenthos blue carbon storage increases with sea ice losses, because across-shelf
growth gains from longer algal blooms outweigh ice scour mortality in the shallows
.
Glob. Change Biol.
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5083–
5091. (
10.1111/gcb.13772)
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On the direct impact of ice on marine benthic communities, a review
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Polar Biol.
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564. (
10.1007/s003000100262)
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DunlopK,
BarnesDKA,
BaileyD2014
Variation of scavenger richness and abundance between sites of high and low iceberg
scour frequency in Ryder Bay, West Antarctic Peninsula
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Polar Biol.
37,
1741–
1754. (
10.1007/s00300-014-1558-y)
9
BarnesDKA2017
Iceberg killing fields limit huge potential for benthic blue carbon in Antarctic shallows
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2659. (
10.1111/gcb.13523)
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ConlanKE,
LenihanHS,
KvitekRG,
OliverJS1998
Ice scour disturbance to benthic communities in the Canadian High Arctic
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Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser.
166,
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10.1007/s00442-004-1648-6)
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BrownKM,
FraserKP,
BarnesDKA,
PeckLS2004
Links between the structure of an Antarctic shallow-water community and ice-scour
frequency
Succession of Antarctic benthic algae (Potter Cove, South Shetland Islands): structural
patterns and glacial impact over a four-year period
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Polar Biol.
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Evidence for massive discharges of icebergs into the North Atlantic Ocean during the
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10.1038/360245a0)
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BreyT,
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High Antarctic macrobenthic community production
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36
BarnesDKAet al.
In press
Climate impact on blue carbon potential of sub-polar continental shelf seabeds In
Extended abstracts of IX Congresso Latinamericano de Ciencia Antartica 2017


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@import com.search.engine.IndexStatus.{IndexStatus, notIndexed, indexed }
@(date: java.util.Date, indexStatus: IndexStatus)
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--- layout: data_model title: NDPPrefixInfoType this_version: 1.0 ---
Prefix Info characterizes Prefix Information for Router Advertisement Options. It provides hosts with on-link prefixes and prefixes for Address Autoconfiguration. (type=3). RFC 4861.
| Field Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| @link_flagoptional | boolean |
1-bit on-link flag. When set, indicates that this prefix can be used for on-link determintation. When not set the advertisement makes no statement about on-link or off-link properties of the prefix. |
| @addr_config_flagoptional | boolean |
1-bit autonomous address-configuration flag. When set indicates that this prefix can be usd for stateless address configuration. |
| Length0..1 | IntegerObjectPropertyType |
Length characterizes the length of the option (the number of valid leading bits in the prefix), and is represented as a 32-bit integer. |
| Prefix_Length0..1 | IntegerObjectPropertyType |
8-bit unsigned integer. The number of leading bits in the Prefix that are valid. The value ranges from 0 to 128. The prefix length field provides necessary information for on-link determination (when combined with the L flag in the prefix information option). |
| Valid_Lifetime0..1 | IntegerObjectPropertyType |
32-bit unsigned integer. The length of time in seconds (relative to the time the packet is sent) that the prefix is valid for the purpose of on-link determination. A value of all one bits (0xffffffff) represents infinity. |
| Preferred_Lifetime0..1 | IntegerObjectPropertyType |
32-bit unsigned integer. The length of time in seconds (relative to the time the packet is sent) that addresses generated from the prefix via stateless address autoconfiguration remain preferred. |
| Prefix0..1 | PrefixType |
The Prefix is an IP address or a prefix of an IP address. |


A simple solution to support your favorite content creator(s) by using their affiliate code at checkout!
A dropdown menu to choose between viewing 10, 25, 50, and 100 entries.
Search by category, affiliate name, code, or website. Smart filtering that auto-populates the table as you type in your search.
The table of information showing the four columns: "Affiliate Name," "Category," "Checkout Code," and "Website Link." If your affiliate does not have a checkout code listed, you will still be able to support them by using the hyperlink in the next column.
Pagination to better sort through all the data in the table.


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Input Types : VectorType
Output Types : VectorType
Date : 18 Jun 2003
Increase/Decrease the Amplitude of a Wave
The unit called Volume ......
Volume's parameter window (double-click on the unit while holding down the Control key) is used to ....


Methods for Survival and Duration Analysis¶
statsmodels.duration
implements several standard methods for
working with censored data. These methods are most commonly used when
the data consist of durations between an origin time point and the
time at which some event of interest occurred. A typical example is a
medical study in which the origin is the time at which a subject is
diagnosed with some condition, and the event of interest is death (or
disease progression, recovery, etc.).
Currently only right-censoring is handled. Right censoring occurs when we know that an event occurred after a given time t, but we do not know the exact event time.
Survival function estimation and inference¶
The statsmodels.api.SurvfuncRight
class can be used to
estimate a survival function using data that may be right censored.
SurvfuncRight
implements several inference procedures including
confidence intervals for survival distribution quantiles, pointwise
and simultaneous confidence bands for the survival function, and
plotting procedures. The duration.survdiff
function provides
testing procedures for comparing survival distributions.
Examples¶
Here we create a SurvfuncRight
object using data from the
flchain study, which is available through the R datasets repository.
We fit the survival distribution only for the female subjects.
import statsmodels.api as sm
data = sm.datasets.get_rdataset("flchain", "survival").data
df = data.loc[data.sex == "F", :]
sf = sm.SurvfuncRight(df["futime"], df["death"])
The main features of the fitted survival distribution can be seen by
calling the summary
method:
sf.summary().head()
We can obtain point estimates and confidence intervals for quantiles of the survival distribution. Since only around 30% of the subjects died during this study, we can only estimate quantiles below the 0.3 probability point:
sf.quantile(0.25)
sf.quantile_ci(0.25)
To plot a single survival function, call the plot
method:
sf.plot()
Since this is a large dataset with a lot of censoring, we may wish to not plot the censoring symbols:
fig = sf.plot()
ax = fig.get_axes()[0]
pt = ax.get_lines()[1]
pt.set_visible(False)
We can also add a 95% simultaneous confidence band to the plot. Typically these bands only plotted for central part of the distribution.
fig = sf.plot()
lcb, ucb = sf.simultaneous_cb()
ax = fig.get_axes()[0]
ax.fill_between(sf.surv_times, lcb, ucb, color='lightgrey')
ax.set_xlim(365, 365*10)
ax.set_ylim(0.7, 1)
ax.set_ylabel("Proportion alive")
ax.set_xlabel("Days since enrollment")
Here we plot survival functions for two groups (females and males) on the same axes:
gb = data.groupby("sex")
ax = plt.axes()
sexes = []
for g in gb:
sexes.append(g[0])
sf = sm.SurvfuncRight(g[1]["futime"], g[1]["death"])
sf.plot(ax)
li = ax.get_lines()
li[1].set_visible(False)
li[3].set_visible(False)
plt.figlegend((li[0], li[2]), sexes, "center right")
plt.ylim(0.6, 1)
ax.set_ylabel("Proportion alive")
ax.set_xlabel("Days since enrollment")
We can formally compare two survival distributions with survdiff
,
which implements several standard nonparametric procedures. The
default procedure is the logrank test:
stat, pv = sm.duration.survdiff(data.futime, data.death, data.sex)
Here are some of the other testing procedures implemented by survdiff:
# Fleming-Harrington with p=1, i.e. weight by pooled survival time
stat, pv = sm.duration.survdiff(data.futime, data.death, data.sex, weight_type='fh', fh_p=1)
# Gehan-Breslow, weight by number at risk
stat, pv = sm.duration.survdiff(data.futime, data.death, data.sex, weight_type='gb')
# Tarone-Ware, weight by the square root of the number at risk
stat, pv = sm.duration.survdiff(data.futime, data.death, data.sex, weight_type='tw')
Regression methods¶
Proportional hazard regression models (“Cox models”) are a regression technique for censored data. They allow variation in the time to an event to be explained in terms of covariates, similar to what is done in a linear or generalized linear regression model. These models express the covariate effects in terms of “hazard ratios”, meaning the the hazard (instantaneous event rate) is multiplied by a given factor depending on the value of the covariates.
Examples¶
import statsmodels.api as sm
import statsmodels.formula.api as smf
data = sm.datasets.get_rdataset("flchain", "survival").data
del data["chapter"]
data = data.dropna()
data["lam"] = data["lambda"]
data["female"] = (data["sex"] == "F").astype(int)
data["year"] = data["sample.yr"] - min(data["sample.yr"])
status = data["death"].values
mod = smf.phreg("futime ~ 0 + age + female + creatinine + "
"np.sqrt(kappa) + np.sqrt(lam) + year + mgus",
data, status=status, ties="efron")
rslt = mod.fit()
print(rslt.summary())
See Statsmodels Examples for more detailed examples.
There are some notebook examples on the Wiki: Wiki notebooks for PHReg and Survival Analysis
References¶
References for Cox proportional hazards regression model:
T Therneau (1996). Extending the Cox model. Technical report.
http://www.mayo.edu/research/documents/biostat-58pdf/DOC-10027288
G Rodriguez (2005). Non-parametric estimation in survival models.
http://data.princeton.edu/pop509/NonParametricSurvival.pdf
B Gillespie (2006). Checking the assumptions in the Cox proportional
hazards model.
http://www.mwsug.org/proceedings/2006/stats/MWSUG-2006-SD08.pdf
Module Reference¶
The class for working with survival distributions is:
SurvfuncRight (time, status[, entry, title, …]) |
Estimation and inference for a survival function. |
The proportional hazards regression model class is:
PHReg (endog, exog[, status, entry, strata, …]) |
Fit the Cox proportional hazards regression model for right censored data. |
The proportional hazards regression result class is:
PHRegResults (model, params, cov_params[, …]) |
Class to contain results of fitting a Cox proportional hazards survival model. |


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MISSION
Developing Christ-like disciples of all ages and peoples.
We exist to help people become fully committed Christ-like disciples. This is more than just lip-service. We are passionate about helping people understand exactly who Jesus was, what he was talking about nearly two thousand years ago, and what that means for their lives today.
Our hope is that as they begin to understand his words, they begin to live it out in the everyday. We want them to be inspired to connect to other people who are trying to do the same, to serve others based on their passion, and to invite others to do the same by coming into their relationship with Jesus Christ.


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For these couple of weeks we have been learning about html. We spent about a week learning about html through multiple websites such as w3schools. We then created a github account, where we could work on our websites and share it with the public. Our first major project was to create a website that would link to an about me section and the projects I have worked on in my engineering class. Throughout the weeks we started learning more about coding. As we learned more our website started looking more appealing.


A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of data. It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable.
A scatter plot, scatterplot is a type of diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data.
A 3D scatter plot, scatterplot is a type of mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for up to five variables for a set of data.


P1-E004¶
In this exercise, you will learn about creating your own classes and objects.
Information¶
Learning goals |
|
|---|---|
Concepts |
|
Skills |
|
What to Submit
Submit your script(s) for the final task of this exercise. These script should be named [your surname]_e004.[ext] or, if you want to split your code into two scripts, [your surname]_e004_class.[ext] and [your surname]_e004_main.[ext], where [ext] is the file extension. In case of Python, this would be .py, for Matlab it is .m, etc.
Object-Oriented Programming¶
In exercises E001 - E003, you learnt the basics of programming and functions. With those basics, you are already able to write clean and efficient code. Many programming languages, such as C, Pascal and classic Fortran, work only with procedures (i.e. functions and subroutines). The programming paradigm of only using procedures, which contain a series of computetional steps, is called procedural procramming, and is not uncommon in science. There are, however, many situations that warrant the adoption of object-oriented programming using objects and classes. Those concepts will be introduced in today’s lesson. We will work with the following definitions:
class - a code template for creating objects; it consists of object attribute variables and methods (functions).
object - a class instance, a combination of (object attribute) variables, functions and data.
What those definitions mean will be clarified with the aid of examples below.
 First, you would want to create a template or blueprint for humans. This blueprint would include:
variable to store human attributes, such as name, height and age;
procedures that represent typical actions and inner workings of humans;
data, such as a list of achievements for the person’s CV.
Classes can be thought of as such blueprints. An intuitive name for this class would be human. In Python, you define a class with the class statement. Let’s create this template by writing the following in a new script:
class human:
"""
The blueprint for humans.
Attributes:
name: a string representing the human's name
height: a floating point number for the human's height in cm
whatAmI: a string representing the human's self-perception
Author: Hal
"""
def __init__(self, arg1, arg2, arg3):
"""Initialiser."""
self.name = arg1
self.height = arg2
self.whatAmI = arg3
def introduce(self):
"""Human introduces themselves."""
print('Hi, my name is ', self.name, '. I am ', self.whatAmI)
The class statement lets you define your class, just like the def statements lets you define your function. We have defined a class called human and decided on three attributes that each object of the human class will have: name, height and whatAmI. Notice how we already have two functions in our class? The first function is called __init__. Every class should have one! This is an initialiser method that is automatically called when a new class instance or object is created for this class. It allows us to set up the attributes required for the objects and give them default values. The second function is one that we think an object in the human class, i.e. a (pseudo) human individual, would be doing. In this case, we print two of the object’s properties in two sentences.
Note
Python docstring
Note that we have written comments here as such “”” [comment] “””. Those are so called docstrings in Python. For larger projects, such as writing software to take over the world, using docstrings at the top of functions and classes can help you write documentation for your software as they can easily be included in automatic generation of your documentation. Line comments, however, should be regular comments. If you are working on bigger Python projects, consult examples of good/standard use of docstrings before documenting your code.
Execute the code above to create the class. Now it’s time to create our first human. We do this by declaring that new object = class name (arguments), e.g.
human001 = human ('no name',0.15,'a real boy')
Now that we have created our first human object, let’s explore what we can do with it. First, we can access the attributes of a specific ebject by referencing objectname.attribute, e.g.:
human001.name
We can change these attributes by simply accessing them as above and overwriting them, e.g.:
human001.name = 'LegoBot'
We can execute functions associated with a certain object in a similar way. Let’s make our human001 introduce itself by calling the introduce() function:
human001.introduce()
Functions associated with classes can also take external arguments. Let’s modify our introduction to better hide our robots from humans.
def introduce(self, opposite):
"""
Object introduces itself differently,
based on the type of entity it is interacting with.
"""
if opposite == 'human': # if we are interacting with a human
print('Hi, my name is ', self.name, '. I am a real human, I promise.')
else: # if we are interacting with any other entity
print('Hi, my name is ', self.name, '. I am ', self.whatAmI)
The greeting now takes the nature of the conversational partner into account, which is passed as an argument. If they are human, our robot pretends to be human! Run the script again to update our human class. Re-run the script to update our class, then create an object again.
human001 = human ('evilBot',0.15,'an evil robot')
When you call the introduce() function now, we include the argument as we do for all functions.
human001.introduce('human')
Create a few more class instances (objects), additional attributes and functions you think real humans should have, and play around with your object to get a better grasp of classes and objects.
Remember to ask your instructors questions when you’re stuck! We don’t bite. We are humans, too. We promise.
Your Task¶
For the last assignment, you optimised calculations using functions. Your task for this exercise leaves more room for creativity. Write one or several Python scripts, in which you:
create one or several classes, which serve as templates for your objects and should include object attributes as well as functions;
create a small script that creates one or several class instances (objects) for each class and makes use of the class specific functions in a reasonable manner.
In case you need some inspiration, here are a few ideas for classes:
(building on previous exercises) a class for students that includes functions to calculate their individual mean grade and automatically writes a short CV;
a class for a planet’s climate, and a script that allow you to interact with climates on different planets;
a class for characters in a video game, and a small script that allows you to interact with a character (object) you created;
a class for different items in a task manager, and a small script that allows you to display, create and delete tasks (objects).
When you are happy with your code, name your files as described above and submit them via ILIAS.
Warning
Late submissions won’t be accepted!


Woman foils her own kidnapping by passing notes to Texas Walmart employees
by KRIS StaffCORPUS CHRISTI, Texas — A quick-thinking woman was able to save herself from a bad situation Sunday night.
Corpus Christi Police Department (CCPD) Lt. Mel Goce said that a woman in her 30s was able to alert staff at a local Walmart that she had been kidnapped.
"She was writing little notes and giving them to employees to call the police that she was kidnapped," Goce said.
The woman reportedly told police that she had been kidnapped because she testified against a suspect in court.
Police arrested two suspects, one male, and one female, who attempted to flee from officers.
Charges are pending against the pair, as CCPD continues to investigate.
This story was originally published by Ana Tamez on KRIS in Corpus Christi, Texas.


[§327-15] Coordination of procurement and use. Each hospital in this State, after consultation with procurement organizations, shall establish agreements or affiliations for coordination of procurement and use of human bodies and body parts. [L 2008, c 122, pt of §1]


This document lists the design principles, scope, and requirements for XML
Encryption. It includes requirements as they relate to the encryption syntax,
data model, format, cryptographic processing, and external requirements and
coordination.
Status of this Document
This is the XML Encryption Requirements Note from the XML Encryption Working Group
(Activity
Statement). This version represents the consensus of the Working Group
since March 2001 on the requirements for the XML Encryption Syntax and Processing
specification. It has also underwent minor changes resulting from the Last Call
(issues) ending on November 9 2001. The Working Group has no plans to
update the content of this document; it serves to document the agreed upon
set of requirements the specification will address.
This document is a NOTE made available by the W3C for archival purposes.
Publication of this Note by W3C indicates no endorsement by W3C or the W3C
Team, or any W3C Members. A list of current W3C technical reports and
publications, including Recommendations, Working Drafts, and Notes can be
found at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
Please send comments to the editor<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and cc: the list�<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(publicly archived).
Patent disclosures relevant to this specification may be found on the
Working Group's patent disclosure
page in conformance with W3C policy.
The XML 1.0 Recommendation [XML] specifies the
syntax of a class of resources called XML documents. This specification
provides requirements for a XML syntax and processing for encrypting digital
content, including portions of�XML documents and protocol messages.
This section describes high level principles of design and definition of
scope. They are an expression of intent/motivation. How these motivations are
realized are addressed in subsequent sections.
- The XML Encryption specification must describe how to use XML to
represent a digitally encrypted Web resource (including XML itself). {prop1, prop2}.�The XML
representation of the encrypted resource must be a first class object
(i.e., referenceable and consequently describable, signable, etc.) and
represented by a distinct element type.
- The specification must provide for the encryption�of a part or totality of
an XML document
- Granularity of encryption in an XML document is limited to an
element (including start/end tags) or element content (between
the start/end tags). {prop2, WS, FTF1}
- The specification must provide for the separation of encryption information from encrypted
data, and support reference mechanisms for addressing encryption
information from encrypted data sections and vice-versa. {HP: R3.7, prop2}
- The specification must allow for the super-encryption of data
(i.e., encrypting XML in which some elements are already encrypted).
{prop1, prop2}
Super-encrypted data must use the same syntax and semantics as any
other encrypted data.
- The specification must provide a mechanism for conveying encryption key
information to a recipient. The structure must be flexible so as to meet
a variety of application requirements including:
- Carrying an encrypted key value that is encrypted to the recipient
with an asymmetric or symmetric cipher.
- Providing a name or URI reference to a known key
It must be possible (though it is not necessary) to include key
information as part of an XML encrypted data representation or referenced
externally. Additionally, keys must be able to (though it is not
necessary) to identify the data that they encrypt.
- The mechanisms of encryption must be simple: describe how to
encrypt/decrypt digital content, XML documents, and portions thereof.
{Reagle}
- Only information necessary for decryption need be provided.
{Reagle}.The�specification must permit the efficient encoding of
encrypted data and related information when parties have pre-agreed
upon the encryption approach and keying material.�Hence, the
specification must not mandate the presence of any attributes
describing how the data is encrypted.
- The specification will not address the confidence or trust
applications place in the provision of a key
- The specification will not address authentication. {List: Reagle,
WS}
- The specification will not address authorization and access
control. {List: Reagle,
Simon,
Kudoh,
WS}
- The Working Group (WG) must use pre-existing specifications unless it
can explicitly justify the need for a new one. {Reagle} For example, it
should use DOM or Information Set as a data model for XML instances and
Canonical XML for canonicalization unless a compelling argument for an
alternative can be made.
- The specification must define a minimal (extensible) set of algorithms
and key structures necessary for interoperability purposes. {Reagle}
- The specification should strive to limit optionality and maximize
extensibility such that all of the specification can be quickly
implemented
- Whenever possible, any encryption resource or algorithm is a first
class object (which can also be encrypted or signed), and identified by a
URI. {prop1, prop2}
1. Encryption Data Model and
Syntax
- The XML data model
used by XML Encryption in identifying or representing data that has been
processed must be predicated on:
- a simple enumerated subset of the data model (e.g., element,
attribute, etc.) and properties {e.g., child, parent, localname,
prefix, etc.) {WS}
- XML Encryption can be applied to any Web resource -- including non-XML
content. {prop1, prop2}
Also, see Requirements: Objects.
- When a non-XML object (i.e., external data) is encrypted, the
information necessary to aid the recipient in decrypting the object
is captured in an instance of XML (i.e. the encryption method, keying
information, etc.). It is an application decision whether to include
the encrypted object cipher data within this XML, as a base64 encoded
CDATA, or to simply reference the external cipher data octet
sequence. In either case, the decrypted data must revert to the media
type of the original object. {TimBL, Dillaway}�
- It must be possible to indicate the original type (e.g., XML CDATA,
image/gif) of the encrypted data to aid the decryptor in processing it.
For non-XML data, existing MIME type definitions [MIME] should be
used.�
- Binary data must be encoded as Base64 when represented in XML. {FTF1}
- The specification must not define packaging representations of non XML
data (e.g., MIME-objects) other than the encrypted and encoded
information appearing within the XML Encryption defined syntax.
- The specification must not define a packaging format that describes the
relationships between encrypted objects. For instance, the specification
will not specify how an application can designate that a set of encrypted
objects are actually encryptions over different representations
(encodings, compression, etc.) of the same object. {prop3: open issue 2, resolved at FTF1}
- Parsing� {WS}
- XML Encryption applications must be XML-namespaces [XML-namespaces] aware.
- XML Encryption applications must be XML Schema [ XML-schema]
aware in that they create XML encryption instances conforming to the
encryption schema definitions. {Reagle}
- Implementation of the specification should work with existing XML
parser and schema implementations. However, alterations to particular
DOM and/or XML parser implementations may prove beneficial in terms
of simplifying application development or improving� runtime
efficiency. These details are outside the scope of the XML Encryption
specification.
- XML Instance Validity {WS}
- Encrypted instances must be well-formed but need not be valid
against their original definition (i.e. applications that encrypt the
element structure are purposefully hiding that structure.)
- Instance authors that want to validate encrypted instances must do
one of the following:
- Write the original schema so as to validate resulting instances
given the change in its structure and inclusion of element types
from the XML Encryption namespace.
- Provide a post-encryption schema for validating encrypted
instances.
- Provide information on how to restore the document to its
original state via application context (e.g., headers). {List: Reagle}
- The processing
model must be described using XML, DOM, or Information Set
terminology and implementations can be based on application specific
logic (e.g., XPath and DOM are not required to implement).� {List: Ferguson,
FTF1}
- The referencing model must be based on XML
Signature's Reference
Processing Model [XMLDSIG] with the
following two qualifications:
- As recommended by [XMLDSIG], where a
referencing mechanism supports transforms any fragment processing
should be specified as part of the transform.
- Where a referencing mechanism does not support Transforms,
applications should support same-document XPointers '#xpointer(/)'
and '#xpointer(id("ID"))'.
- Transforms� {WS}
- Encryption Transforms: The specification must not enable the
specification of additional transforms as�part of encrypting and
decrypting data; transforms on data being encrypted/decrypted must be
done by the application. For example, compression could be done by
compressing the content and wrapping that data in an XML compression
syntax and then encrypting it. {FTF1, List: Reagle}
- Encryption and Signatures
- The specification must recommend approaches for use of XML
Signature with XML Encryption such that multiple parties may
selectively encrypt and sign portions of documents that might already
be signed and encrypted. Recipients should be able to easily
determine whether or not to decrypt data prior to signature
validation.
- Applications have the following options:
- When data is encrypted, so is its Signature; consequently
those Signature you can see can be validated. (However, this
is not always easily accomplished with detached
Signatures.){List: Finney}
- Employ the "decrypt-except" [XML-DSIG-Decrypt] signature
transform. It works as follows: during signature transform
processing, if you encounter a decrypt transform, decrypt all
encrypted content in the document except for those excepted
by an enumerated set of references. {List: Maruyama,
FTF1}.
- The encryption and XML processing should be
- Fast {List: Ferguson}
- Memory efficient {List: Ferguson}
- Work with tree and event based parsers {List: Ferguson}
- If a document is (partially) encrpyted, transcoded, and then decrypted,
the resulting octets must be the same as if the document had been just
transcoded (assuming the target character encoding is the same in both
cases).
- The solution must work with arbitrary encryption algorithms, including
symmetric and asymmetric keys schemes as well as dynamic negotiation of
keying material. {prop1, prop2}
- The specification must specify or reference one mandatory to implement
algorithm for only the most common application scenarios.
- Stream Encryption Algorithms {FTF1}
- none
- Block Encryption Algorithms {FTF1}
- AES with CMS keylength is required to implement
- 3DES is required to implement -- this may be relaxed when AES
as matures.
- AES at other keylengths is optional to implement.
- Chaining Modes {FTF1}
- CBC (Cipher Block Chaining) with PKCS#5 padding is optional to
implement.
- Key Transport {FTF1}
- RSA-OAEP used with AES is required to implement.
- RSA-v1.5 used with 3DES is required to implement -- this may be
relaxed as AES matures.
- Key Agreement {FTF1}
- Diffie-Hellman is optional to implement
- Symmetric Key Wrap {FTF1}
- AES KeyWrap is mandatory -- when it's completely specified.
- CMS-KeyWrap-3DES is required.
- Message Integrity
- AES/3DES with SHA1 is optional to implement.
- Message Authentication {FTF1}
- XML Signature [XMLDSIG] is
recommended to implement.
- Canonicalization {FTF1}
- Canonical XML is optional to implement.
- Compression {FTF1}
- none
- Key Structures
- Scope: the only defined key structures must be those required by
the mandatory and recommended algorithms. {Reagle}
- The specification should not address how to specify the intended
recipient of keying information beyond an optional "hint" attribute.
{prop3: open issue 1, FTF1}
- The specification should leverage the XML Signature specification's
syntax for keying information (dsig:KeyInfo element) to the maximum
extent possible.{prop3, FTF1}
The XML Encryption specification must include a discussion of potential
vulnerabilities and recommended practices when using the defined processing
model in a larger application context. While it is impossible to predict all
the ways an XML Encryption standard may be used, the discussion should alert
users to ways in which potentially subtle weaknesses might be introduced.
At a minimum, the following types of vulnerabilities must be addressed.
- Security issues arising from known plain-text and data length
information
- An attacker may know the original structure of the plain-text via
its schema. {List: Wiley}
- An attacker may know the length and redundancy of the plain-text
data. {List: Finney}
- Processing of invalid decrypted data if an integrity checking mechanism
is not used in conjunction with encryption. {List: Lambert,
FTF1}
- Potential weaknesses resulting from combining signing and encryption
operations.
- sign before you encrypt: the signature may reveal information about
the data that has now been encrypted unless proper precautions are
taken (such as properly adding an encrypted random string to the
plaintext before hashing).�{List: Finney}
- encrypt before you sign: Users might mistakenly sign encrypted data
under a semantic (e.g., asserts or agrees to) associated
with the data's decrypted form. [XMLDSIG: Only What is
"Seen" Should be Signed]. Additionally, there may be multiple
{data,key} pairs that result in the same encrypted data, therefore
special care must be taken in the selection of the encryption
function or in the signature process to mitigate the possibility of
signature repudiation (e.g., "I didn't say this, I signed a different
message encrypted under a different key.") {List: Wang,
Ashwood}.
- The specification should warn application designers and users
about revealing information about the encrypted data
- via any semantics inferred from a URI.
The XML Encryption specification should meet the requirements of (so as to
support) or work with the following applications:
To ensure the above requirements are adequately addressed, the XML
Encryption specification must be reviewed by a designated member of the
following communities:
- XML Signature WG
- XML Protocol
- XML Schema WG
- XML Core WG
- Internationalization IG
- The specification should be free of encumbering technologies: requiring
no licensing fees for implementation and use. {List: Ferguson}
"Members of the XML Encryption Working Group and any other Working
Group constituted within the XML Encryption Activity are expected to
disclose any intellectual property they have in this area. Any
intellectual property essential to implement specifications produced by
this Activity must be at least available for licensing on a royalty-free
basis. At the suggestion of the Working Group, and at the discretion of
the Director of W3C, technologies may be accepted if they are licensed on
reasonable, non-discriminatory terms." XML
Encryption Charter.
- C2000
- Crypto
2000 XML Encryption BoF. Santa Barbara, CA. August 24 .
- DOM
- Document
Object Model Core, Level 3. Arnaud Le Hors. W3C Working Draft.
January 2001.
http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html
- FTF1
- XML
Encryption Face-to-Face. Boston, MA. March 2000
- HP
- Requirements
and Goals for the Design of an 'XML Encryption Standard'. Gerald Huck and Arne Priewe. November
2000.
- InfoSet
- XML
Information Set, W3C Recommendation. John Cowan. August 2001.
- http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-infoset-20011024/
- List
- XML
Encryption List (an unmoderated and unchartered public list).
- MIME
- RFC2046. MIME Part Two: Media Types� November 1996.
- http://rfc.net/rfc2046.html
- MyProof
- MyProof
Position Paper On XML Encryption. Steve Wiley.
- prop1
- XML
Encryption strawman proposal.�Ed Simon and Brian LaMacchia. Aug 09
2000.
- prop2
- Another
proposal of XML Encryption. Takeshi Imamura. Aug 14 2000.
- prop3
- XML Encryption Syntax and Processing. Dillaway, Fox, Imamura,
LaMacchia, Maruyama, Schaad, Simon. December 2000.
- WS
- W3C
XML Encryption Workshop [minutes].
SanFrancisco. November 2, 2000.
- XML
- Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 Recommendation. T. Bray, J.
Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen. February 1998.
- http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
- XML-C14N
- Canonical
XML. W3C Recommendation. J. Boyer. March 2001.
- http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3076.txt
- XML-ns
- Namespaces in XML Recommendation. T. Bray, D. Hollander, A. Layman.
January 1999.
- http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114/
- XML-schema
- XML
Schema Part 1: Structures W3C Recommendation. D. Beech, M. Maloney,
N. Mendelsohn, H. Thompson. May 2001.
- http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-1-20010502/
XML
Schema Part 2: Datatypes W3C Recommendation. P. Biron, A. Malhotra.
May 2001.
- http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-2-20010502/
- XML-DSIG
- XML-Signature
Syntax and Processing. D. Eastlake, J. Reagle, and D. Solo. W3C
Recommendation, February 2002. http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xmldsig-core-20020212/
- XML-DSIG-Decrypt
- Decryption
Transform for XML Signature. T. Imamura and H. Maruyama. W3C
Candidate Recommendation, March 2002.
- http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/CR-xmlenc-decrypt-20020304
- XSet
- Full Fidelity Information Set Representation. Jonathan Borden.
XML-Dev
- http://lists.xml.org/archives/xml-dev/200008/msg00239.html
- URI
- RFC2396. Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax.
T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, L. Masinter. August 1998
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt


K-CAP’2005
The Third International Conference on Knowledge Capture
Banff Centre, Banff, Canada
October 2-5, 2005
Locations: MB=Max Bell Building (workshops)
DCH=Donald Cameron Hall (the main conference is in the north wing, DHC 300)
The Dining Room is in Donald Cameron Hall
The Borgeau Lounge is in Lloyd Hall
Registration Desk is in DCH 301 (Sunday: Table in MB Foyer)
Sunday, October 2nd 2005
07:00-09:00 Breakfast Buffet (Dining Room)
09:00-17:30 Workshops
(09:30-17:00) WS1:
SW-EL '05: Applications of Semantic Web Technologies
for E-learning (MB Room 105)
(09:30-17:30) WS2:
Ontology Management: Searching, Selection, Ranking,
and Segmentation (MB Room 251)
(09:00-17:00) WS3: Integrating Ontologies (MB Room 253)
09:30 (09:00 for WS3) Workshop
start
10:30-11:00 (10:45-11:10 for WS3) Coffee Break
12:00-13:30 (12:30-13:30 for WS1) Lunch Buffet (Dining Room)
15:00-15:30 Coffee Break
17:00 (17:30 for WS2) Workshop close
19:30 Evening Reception (Borgeau Lounge)
Monday, October 3rd, 2005
07:00-09:00 Breakfast Buffet (Dining Room)
08:45-09:00 Welcome and Best Paper awards (DCH Room 300)
09:00-10:00 Invited talk (DCH Room 300)
Pat Hayes, IHMC, University of West Florida
"Speaking Informally..."
10:00-10:30 Coffee Break
10:30-12:00 Information Extraction (DCH Room 300)
(paper #40) AutoFeed: An Unsupervised Learning System for Generating Webfeeds
Bora Gazen, Steven Minton
(8) Extracting Knowledge from Evaluative Text
Giuseppe Carenini
(62) Automatic Acknowledgement Indexing: Expanding the Semantics of Contribution in the CiteSeer Digital Library
Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Hui Han, Eren Manavoglu
12:00-13:30 Lunch Buffet (Dining Room)
13:30-15:00 Interactive Knowledge Capture I (DCH Room 300)
(36) User-Centered Consultation by a Society of Agents
Georg Buscher, Joachim Baumeister, Frank Puppe, Dietmar Seipel
(58) Designing Intelligent Acquisition Interfaces for Collecting World Knowledge from Web Contributors
Timothy Chklovski, Yolanda Gil
(74) Knowledge Management for Product Maturity
Guy Boy
15:00-15:30 Break
15:30-17:00 Ontologies and Knowledge Bases (DCH Room 300)
(48) Ontology Ranking based on the Analysis of Concept Structures
Harith Alani, Christopher Brewster
(19) Knowledge Base Reuse Through Constraint Relaxation
Tomas Nordlander, Derek Sleeman, Ken Brown
(50) An Instance Mapping Ontology for the Semantic Web
Yuangui Lei
18:00-20:00 Poster Session (Dining Rooms 4&5) Cash bar and hor d’oeurves
(Presenters may get into the room anytime after 4:00pm to set up)
Tuesday, October 4th, 2005
07:00-09:00 Breakfast Buffet (Dining Room)
08:30-10:00 Information Retrieval (DCH Room 300)
(33) Browsing for Information by Highlighting Automatically Generated Annotations
Victoria Uren, Philipp Cimiano, Enrico Motta, Martin Dzbor
(55) On the Role of a User's Knowledge Gap in an Information Retrieval Process
Nenad Stojanovic
(59) Evaluating the Application of Semantic Inferencing Rules to Image Annotation
Suzanne Little, Laura Hollink, J Hunter
10:00-10:30 Coffee Break
10:30-11:30 Interactive Knowledge Capture II (DCH Room 300)
(52) Collaborative Knowledge Capture in Ontologies
Pat Hayes, Thomas Eskridge, Raul Saavedra, Thomas Reichherzer, Mala Mehrotra, Dmitri Bobrovnikoff
(61) Estimating Similarity among Collaboration Contributions
Kenneth Murray, John Lowrance, Doug Appelt, Andres Rodriguez
11:30-15:00 Lunch (boxed) and hike (optional)
15:00-16:00 Panel Discussion (DCH Room 300)
16:00-16:30 Break
16:30-18:00 Dialog and Elicitation (DCH Room 300)
(41) Collecting Paraphrase Corpora from Volunteer Contributors
Timothy Chklovski
(30) Bringing Order into Bayesian Network Construction
Eveline Helsper, Linda van der Gaag, Ad Feelders, Willie Loeffen, Petra Geenen, Armin Elbers
(46) Matching Utterances to Rich Knowledge Structures to Acquire a Model of the Speaker's Goal
Peter Yeh, Bruce Porter, Ken Barker
19:30 Evening Banquet (with mystery speaker)
Wednesday, October 5th, 2005
07:00-09:00 Breakfast Buffet (Dining Room)
09:00-11:00 NLP: Knowledge Capture from Text (DCH Room 300)
(38) Finding New Terminology in Very Large Corpora
Joachim Wermter, Udo Hahn
(16) Automated Story Capture from Conversational Speech
Andrew Gordon, Kavita Ganesan
(43) Indirect Anaphora Resolution as Semantic Path Search
James Fan, Ken Barker, Bruce Porter
(66) Document Annotation and Ontology Population from Linguistic Extractions
Florence Amardeilh, Philippe Laublet, Jean-Luc Minel
11:00-11:30 Break
11:30-12:30 Invited talk (DCH Room 300)
Carole Goble, University of Manchester, UK
"The Montagues and the Capulets: Part II"
12:30 Conference Close (DCH Room 300)


Escape from submerged car
by Colin DacreDivers will be required to help with the recovery of a car that plunged into the Kettle River in Grand Forks over the weekend.
Emergency crews were alerted to a motor vehicle accident at the corner of 12th Street and Kettle River Drive around 1:15 a.m. on Saturday, said Grand Forks acting fire chief George Seigler.
“The female occupant was able to self rescue from the vehicle and out of the river as well,” he told Castanet.
RCMP say the four-door-Oldsmobile is believed to have been travelling east along Kettle River Drive near the Black Train Bridge when it suddenly left the roadway and entered the river.
The driver and sole occupant, a 24-year-old Grand Forks woman, sustained minor injuries and was taken to hospital for a checkup.
"Police are investigating reports that the driver performed an evasive manoeuver to avoid colliding with wildlife," said Cpl. Jesse O'Donaghey, of the RCMP Southeast District. "Although speed has not been ruled out, investigators do believe that alcohol was a factor in this early morning crash."
Witnesses are asked to come forward to police.
The car remains on the bottom of the Kettle River. Seigler says a towing company has been tasked with removing the wreck, but divers will be needed for the recovery.


SIX DAYS SEVEN NIGHTS
Release Date: June 12, 1998 Starring: Harrison Ford, Anne Heche, David Schwimmer, Jacqueline Obradors, Allison Janney, Danny Trejo Directed by: Ivan Reitman Distributed by: Buena Vista Pictures MPAA Rating: PG-13 (language, sensuality, brief violence) URL: http://www.execpc.com/~kinnopio/reviews/1998/sixdays.htm
Harrison Ford's track record with romantic comedies has left him a bit high and dry with fans who saw more in his original, action-adventure roots (e.g. STAR WARS, RAIDERS OF THE LOST ARK). This new conglomeration of quasi-adventure and romantic comedy, SIX DAYS SEVEN NIGHTS, has Ford living up to everyone's expectations, and unfortunately, those weren't high. Although marketed early on as an Indiana Jones-type vehicle in order to nail the males, and as a smart, snappy romance to nail the women, it doesn't manage to do anything solid with either of the two genres. Instead, it comes out a bit limp, which is disappointing considering the promise and talent involved.
Director Ivan Reitman (Fathers' Day) heads up three noteworthy stars in this film about finding love where it's least expected. Frank Martin (David Schwimmer, of TV's FRIENDS), an extra-sweet and extra-sensitive guy, takes his girlfriend and soon-to-be-fianceť Robin Monroe (Anne Heche, WAG THE DOG) on a trip for six days and seven nights at a remote island paradise in the south seas. However, Robin, a magazine editor, is called to Tahiti for a photo shoot, the only ride available is with Quinn Harris (Harrison Ford, AIR FORCE ONE), a grumpy, isolated, aging pilot of a dilapidated cargo plane. While on the way, the plane is struck by lightning and forced to land on a largely unknown island, and the two are forced to brave the tropical wilds and nearby pirates before reconstructing their damaged plane in a part-MACGYVER, part-A-TEAM sequence so they can hopefully return home.
Ford, who's by far the most solid of the three principals, is again left high and dry. His performance in this movie shows that he's looking for something more from the script, and from the way he moves on camera it's painfully obvious that he's rather confined. His character - a pissed-off, tequila-drinking loner - should be a great source of snappy one-liners; unfortunately, he's more of a wimp than not. Heche, on the other hand, is full of talk, perhaps almost too much. Her character is too dynamic, swinging from the loudmouthing New Yorker to the subdued romantic, and she never provides much chemistry for the relationship with Ford. In fact, the only palpable feeling of drama comes near the end, when Robin visits Quinn in the hospital. Schwimmer is adaquate, although his screen time is nil and he can't make much of it.
All told, the promise that SIX DAYS shows in the previews is not delivered upon. The romance here should revolve around a dark comedic tone, much as it did in the much-funnier GROSSE POINTE BLANK of last year. It takes quite a bit for a comedy to actually work in situations such as this, and it's obvious from the first moments of the film that it's not going to work here. Ford, although he has expressed sentiments not to, should stick to action-adventure films, and Heche, whose performance in her last several films has been moderate at best, may need to work more on big screen performances. This summer, there are better movies to see.
FINAL AWARD FOR "SIX DAYS SEVEN NIGHTS": 2.0 stars - a fair movie.
-- Craig Roush<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-- Kinnopio's Movie Reviews http://www.execpc.com/~kinnopio
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


{%for pitch in pitches %}
Title : {{pitch.pitch_title}}
Description : {{pitch.pitch_comment}}
Date Posted : {{pitch.posted}}


--- layout: page title: My Portfolio date: type: page parent_id: '0' published: false password: '' status: draft categories: [] tags: [] meta: _edit_last: '12737289' summary: put your post summary here(only for Easyslider) simplecatch-sidebarlayout: '' restapi_import_id: 59486cef9f102 original_post_id: '101' _wp_old_slug: '101' author: login: nemopear email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: nemopear first_name: NUTCHAYA last_name: VORAYINGYONG permalink: "/" ---
[gallery orderby="rand"]


When downloading from a mirror please check the MD5 and SHA checksums as well as verifying the OpenPGP compatible signature available from the main Apache site. The KEYS file contains the public keys used for signing release. It is recommended that a web of trust is used to confirm the identity of these keys.
You can check the OpenPGP signature with:
gpg --verify apache-couchdb-*.tar.gz.asc
You can check the MD5 checksum with:
md5sum --check apache-couchdb-*.tar.gz.md5
You can check the SHA checksum with:
sha1sum --check apache-couchdb-*.tar.gz.sha


You have now completed all steps required to encode game data.
Just launch
ant encodingto get binary 4 java file (binary file encoded using Java standard methods) in b4j\output\encoder.
To double-check the content of your binary game data file, you can
ant testDecodingwhich produces a fac-simile of xml encoding instructions back from binary file.
Go on to Chapter 5...
or back
to Chapter 1
or Chapter 2
or Chapter 3.


{% extends 'anonbase.html' %} {% block title %} Server Error {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Welcome to MoneyTracker, the personal finance application.
An error has occured. The error has been reported.


THELMA & LOUISE [Some spoilers] A film review by Laurie Mann Copyright 1991 Laurie Mann
THELMA & LOUISE is the latest in the new genre of "female buddy movies." The movie is pretty strong, the acting is quite wonderful and I recommend it.
 The chemistry between these women is terrific from the beginning as they take a silly picture of one another as they jump in the car, Louise's '65 Mustang convertible.
Thelma, sick to death of her dorky husband, suggests they stop for a drink, and they stop at a divey bar with loads of CW music and loads of pseudo-cowboys. One of them, Harlan, takes notice of Thelma, dances with her as she gets drunk, then takes her out to the parking lot to "not hurt her" as Thelma protests in drunken and fruitless ways. But Louise comes to the rescue, threatens Harlan with a gun, and winds up shooting him when he mouths off to her one time too many. (A pity Louise was rather drunk at the time ... she could have shot him in a more appropriate location!)
The movie really picks up from here, as Thelma and Louise try to stay several steps in front of the law. The men are not all cookie-cutter creeps, like Harlan and Daryl (Thelma's husband).  Slocum, the man sent to investigate Harlan's murder, is fascinated by the women, because everyone who has seen the women insist they aren't the murdering kind.  And all Louise can see is getting to Mexico, while avoiding Texas...
The photography is pretty good, and there's a neat sequence of driving through the New Mexico desert at night, the world quiet and dark except for the car lights flashing off the rock formations.
I rate this movie as either a 7 or 8 on the Chuck scale. Go see it!
A few words on the ending. Yep, there are spoilers.
I have mixed feelings on the ending. On the one hand, even trying to talk to the cops would have been pointless. On the other hand, driving into the canyon rather than compromising somewhere seemed overly strong. I agree with an earlier poster who observed that showing some earlier scenes from their escapades was an attempt to soften the ending, and wasn't appropriate.
Laurie Mann<EMAIL_ADDRESS>NeXT Mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Since generic table uses standard html elements like tr, td, th
etc. you can style it like you normally would style a table. In addition generic table supports conditional classes for both rows (tr elements) and individual columns (td elements).
Pass either a function or a string to rowClass
and/or columnClass
in field declaration to add custom classes to rows and/or columns.
The example below is not intended to be realistic or beautiful, it's just meant to show some of the things you can do with rowClass
and columnClass
. Note that th
is passed as row property for the table header and total
for total rows, something that's handy if you just want to apply styles to data rows.
Use gtClasses
input to append class names to the table element.
text-right
to columnClass
to align the content of the column to the right, or maybe d-none d-md-table-cell
to hide a column on small screens.


The w2form object helps you work with forms. A set of various controls such as date, int, float, autocomplete, etc. can be used with w2forms
object. Additionally, it provides methods for loading data from the server side, saving it back and data bindings.
Example 1
Below is a simple example how to use forms. It shows the minimum HTML and JavaScript you need to have a simple form. There is no form HTML as
it get generated by the form.
If you do not defined any HTML, it will be automatically generated. If you want to provide your own HTML template see
how to do it in the next example.
Example 2
This example shows how to provide HTML for the form.
A form template can be loaded from the server or it can already be in the page. In the HTML above, the form uses some standard classes to
layout field names and fields, however, there is no requirement for this. The form can also be multi-page. If it has only one page it still
needs to have proper classes to define it.
Binding
When you initiate form, it is going to bind all fields described in the form to the actual controls on the page. The binding is done by name
attribute. For each field in w2form.fields there must be a corresponding control on the page. In a similar way it
is going to bind actions to buttons. For each w2form.actions there must be a corresponding button.


A cache for command or request output.
This provides a caching facility for the output of entire requests, or for the output of commands. This cache is used for high-level data caching from within the application.
The Fortissimo configuration, typically found in commands.xml, must specify which requests and commands are cacheable.
The underlying caching implementation determines how things are cached, for how long, and what the expiration conditions are. It will also determine where data is cached.
External caches, like Varnish or Squid, tend not to use this mechanism. Internal mechanisms like APC or custom database caches would use this mechanism. Memcached would also use this mechanism, if appropriate.
Located in /Fortissimo.php (line 2192)
Delete an item from the cache.
Retrieve an item from the cache.
Add an item to the cache.
Documentation generated on Mon, 04 Jan 2010 20:20:28 -0600 by phpDocumentor 1.4.3


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