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--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/144837-PR-reviews/topic/.23966.20more.20derivatives.html ---
@Sebastien Gouezel Nice work! Monster PR again (-; Can we now prove that exp
is the derivative of exp
?
Not really a monster PR, as a good part of it is mostly boring boilerplate, but necessary to make sure than all natural functions one might want to use are indeed there. Have a look at https://github.com/sgouezel/mathlib/blob/41cdebbc91e326c6a702f0b9ef7935fe853b4e66/src/analysis/normed_space/deriv.lean#L555 and at the next 400 lines, say :)
Many further things are needed to prove (without add hoc arguments) that the derivative of exp
is exp
: power series, term by term differentiation, and one-dimensional derivative. I am not going in this direction, my goal is to do manifolds and I don't need exp
for this -- well, until I do Lie groups...
Manifolds will be a wonderful addition to Lean :-)
Sébastien, did you get the opportunity to discuss manifolds with Assia?
Except that to prove anything serious on manifolds I will need partitions of unity, and for this I will need bump functions, and for this I need to know that exp(1/x)
is infinitely flat, and for this I need the derivative of exp
. It is really hard to construct anything serious when the bases are not here yet!
And I would also need convolution to smoothen functions, and for this I need integrals :(
Why don't you do integrals? It shouldn't take you more than a couple of days, right?
Defining it would not be too bad, but proving all the useful bits is a lot of work. I think @Jeremy Avigad mentioned he wanted to give this to a student.
Sébastien, did you get the opportunity to discuss manifolds with Assia?
Not yet. Between committees and conferences, I am not often in Nantes currently.
The roadmap for manifolds is appearing though. Aren't minimal surfaces trendy at the minute? That's another analysis-y thing...
Yes, there is a clear roadmap: let's have Sébastien doing it!
This is a very much improved version of our previous roadmap (let's have Patrick doing it)
Nice! Paula Neeley has done the product rule and has been specializing definitions to the univariate case. When the semester is over, I'll help her clean up the code and do a pull request. And yes, another student, Zhouhang Zhou, has been working on the Bochner integral, and will be working on that over the summer. If there is any danger of a bottleneck (i.e. someone can't do something because they are waiting for something else) let me know and we can try to work around it.
I've got some PhD students here asking me if they could help developing Riemannian geometry :grinning_face_with_smiling_eyes: :oops:
I'll tell them that they should be patient for a while "waiting for several someone elses".
Alternatively, they should start proving that exp
is the derivative of exp
.
O.k., let's just keep each other informed, so we are not stepping on each others' toes. Paula and Joe are still learning, but both plan to devote time to this over the summer.
I would really like to know that the derivative of sine is cosine. This is a fact which kids in the UK are "taught" at school so it comes up in maths departments quite naturally.
I've got some PhD students here asking me if they could help developing Riemannian geometry :grinning_face_with_smiling_eyes: :oops:
I'll tell them that they should be patient for a while "waiting for several someone elses".
Alternatively, they should start proving thatexp
is the derivative ofexp
.
If your student wants a nice project, I think singular (co)homology would be awesome. I mean, interesting to do, not completely crazy, and incredibly useful.
If I remember correctly, that's the very first thing Johan tried to do
I even finished the definition (-;
If there is any danger of a bottleneck (i.e. someone can't do something because they are waiting for something else) let me know and we can try to work around it.
I don't think there are bottleneck issues, there are enough things to be done in orthogonal directions. I definitely won't touch one-dimensional derivatives nor integrals.
So you don't intend to work on the implicit function theorem?
Not in a one-dimensional setting, where you really take advantage of the identification between k ->L[k] E
and E
.
I've one student who is going to write a bachelor thesis, and it will most likely be on simplicial sets. My intention is that the code will go into mathlib after that. But we'll have to see how it goes.
How do you do the inverse function theorem without the one-dimensional case?
I don't know yet what the PhD students plan to do. First of all they should sort out if they should actually do anything with Lean instead of writing a thesis :grimacing:
I don't think I know any proof of the mean value inequality without doing the 1-dimensional case first
This is clearly sorted out: they shouldn't play with Lean. But it doesn't mean they won't
It sounds like the good ol' Gitter days, we have two interleaving conversations!
You mean, to prove that a C^1 function is locally Lipschitz? It's true the natural proof is 1-dimensional, but I guess it is not too hard to circumvent.
Yes, that's what I mean. Maybe you can circumvent it, but I don't know how
You even want one dimensional target
(Hahn-Banach give you that)
For instance. Fix x
, and consider the set of points y
for which d(f(y),f(x)) <= C d(x,y)
where C
is larger than an upper bound on your derivative. I claim that it is closed (clear by continuity) and open (use the definition of the derivative with o
). Then it is everything.
I'll need to see it formalized before believing it
Hahn-Banach is another nice theorem that is yet to be proved. Johan, you can give it to your student (in the version with convex functions as in the French wikipedia, not the English one which has too many assumptions). He will be surprised at how nontrivial the formalization will be, I would guess :)
I'll need to see it formalized before believing it
Challenge accepted.
I'll need to see Fermat-Wiles formalized before believing it
Hahn-Banach is another nice theorem that is yet to be proved. Johan, you can give it to your student (in the version with convex functions as in the French wikipedia, not the English one which has too many assumptions). He will be surprised at how nontrivial the formalization will be, I would guess :)
I'm not sure if there is anyone around that could seriously work on that project. I really don't want to encourage those PhD students... but if they ask for suggestions, I'll let them know.
Playing with Lean is definitely a bad idea for PhD students in the current state of affairs.
I'll need to see Fermat-Wiles formalized before believing it
It seems it didn't work. But it was worth trying.
Just read the proof! Although it uses Langlands--Tunnell, and I'll need to see Langlands--Tunnell formalised before I believe it...
Playing with Lean is definitely a bad idea for PhD students in the current state of affairs.
If you aren't careful, they might end up doing formalization full time
Sure. The question is: what can they do next? How do they get a job?
We have to make jobs for these people.
I had a go at the mean value inequality. Turns out I had to use an argument along segments. But still the proof works fine without adding anything specific about one-dimensional derivatives, see https://github.com/sgouezel/mathlib/blob/aa7fbab39d1e6a01665e24e6197b09338e855467/src/geometry/manifolds/basic.lean#L244. Not PRed because it needs #966.
It's feel nice to me to see I still have a correct idea of what needs to be done to prove the mean value inequality
Maybe we need a notation to write ℝ-differentiable_on f (Icc 0 1)
instead of differentiable_on ℝ f (Icc 0 1)
which really like f
is differentiable on ℝ
which is straightforward but tedious for lack of automation
What kind of automation do you have in mind?
First, automation to show that a complicated function, built out of elementary pieces, is differentiable. I.e., apply iteratively all the rules differentiable.add, differentiable.sub, differentiable.smul, and so on. This is just a matter of setting up a list of the theorems one wants to apply, and try to apply iteratively all of them, except that apply
does not work very well in this context (known bug or limitation, I think, when there are too many forall's in definitions you need to help apply
by providing just the right number of underscores).This kind of thing would also be needed for continuity, for measurability, and so on.
And second, automation to check that the derivative of a function is given by some other function, again by applying iteratively the algorithmic formulas for the derivative until there is nothing left.
Can type class inference not prove that complicated functions are differentiable?
Did back
ever get merged? If so I could PR my continuity
tactic at some point
Type class inference doesn't work too well for checking continuity because the basic tool is continuous.comp
but the type class system is too simple to understand when applying continuous.comp
is a good idea (and probably rightfully so)
No, back
did not get merged. It at first grew wildly in scope, then I realised I could write a usable library_search
much more simply, and then I haven't had time to get back to it.
@Kevin Buzzard that sounds like something which could be (partly) handled with an appropriate suite of simp lemmas
It might be similar to the hom
tactic that Scott and I have been working on. (See the hom-tactic
branch.)
Indeed, this tactic will be mostly a wrapper around simp... after deriving the appropriate set of equalities from the context
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


This section of the documentation will explain the basic scheleton of the page, the most esential part of the template, how to create content classes how to add backgrounds to them and how to generally build the structure of the page where all your content will later be added.
This structure is essential to obtain a strong, sturdy and to avoid any error.
If you're a HTML pro, you won't even need to read the other documentations if you read and understand this part. We've done our absolute best and succeeded to make all elements copy and paste, but all these copy paste elements have to go inside a structure, that is vital to the functionallity of the item, so please, take the time and read the follow section.
If you're a new user or a medium user, we can guarantee and there is absolutely no question this documentation will cover every aspect of our product so you won't need anything else to fully customize our product to bring your concept to life.
With this being said, we'll still give you all the help you need in case you struggle with a feature or in case we omitted something, but reading this documentation will make editing this item a piece of cake!

The above element will generate the most important part of the product. The structure where everything will be placed in, and also, the elements that generate the scrolling of the page and the transitions of the AJAX animations.
Line 1 creates the main hosing div. This will switch the page using an AJAX plugin called smoohState. This allows us to load pages much faster and give a more native effect when switching between pages.
Line 2, 3, 4 are the page preloader. In line 2 you can replace the secondary class page-preloader-dark with page-preloader-light which will change the overlay of the preload to white. To replace the icon itself please replace preloade.gif in the images folder with a preloader you desire. If you wish to change the preloader dimensions, use CTLR+F on Windows or CMD+F on Macbook in your code editor in framework.css and locate .page-preloader img. You will find all required settings for the image there
Line 6 is the content class. This houses everything on the page including the power to move it around when needed using CSS3 transform effects.
Line 7 houses the class within which all the content of your pages will be added. This class is crucial to enable scrolling of pages. This technique is called scrolling divs and it allows a much larger flexibility for sidebar templates and templates that will have animated elements.
Line 8 is where you place your content.
Line 9 , 10, 11 close the classes.
For those who need modifications to the AJAX system, we strongly recommend reading the SmoothState Developer Page. Advanced coding knowledge is required. Please note that customization services for elements to add extra features is not included in the support package as per Envato Terms of Service and will be charged at freelance rates.
Page Structure Special Case ( Background Boxed Center Color )

The content class, is the mother classes. This class will house absolute all elements ( that are of course not fullscreen ). This class should be the house class of all your non full screen elements.
What does that content class do? It's simple! It creates a wrapper with a left and right margin to diferentiate you elements between them. In this class, elements can be added individually or within containers which we will be explaining next.
Secondary Classes:
content_fullscreen : will make the content fullscreen
full-bottom / half-bottom / no-bottom / full-top / half-top will add a margin to the direction mentioned in the code to diferentiate the element from the following element. Most elements have this added inside them and containers have that by default, but there might be cases where you need to add this to keep the visual hierarchy beautiful.
Some pages require a big text, or something in the center, let's say the 404 page. This can be used one time at the top of the page. This element is built using JS and it requires positioning code that tends to use the processing power of your device. Indeed on devices like the latest iPhone and the latest Samsung that's not a problem, but some of your users may not have these devices, and on some lower end devices we've tested on, we realized the page loaded much slower when more than one center item is used.
Let's get to the code

The content center class is very simple to use.
Line 1 is the content center class. This class must be at the top, the first class right under the preloader or the header.
Line 2 is the class that will determine the width of the content. If you want to show a text, or a button, then you don't need to use the entire width of the screen and making it smaller makes it look better. We strongly recommend setting it at a 300px screen if you aim to target mobiles and tablets or to set it to 85% if you wish to tag mobiles and tablets as well.
You'll be able to use the text and button classes to center these elements explained in their apporpirate chapters.
Line 3 is where you add your content. This is limited to text, buttons and icons. We strongly recommend not using other elements.
Line 4, 5 close the content elements
Line 6 is the coverpage-clear class. This is extremly important. The content-center class is an absolute element, so it needs a underlying element to adjust it's height to the entire size of the screen. Not adding this class will result in the content of the content-center element to be overlayed on the content under it. After you close this, you can continue with your page by adding another, simple content class.
Secondary Classes:
These classes must be added to the coverpage-clear class.
full-bottom / half-bottom / no-bottom / full-top / half-top will add a margin to the direction mentioned in the code to diferentiate the element from the following element. Most elements have this added inside them and containers have that by default, but there might be cases where you need to add this to keep the visual hierarchy beautiful.

The container class is a very, very, very important class when using elements that JS targets individually. An instant example is toggles. When you tap a toggle, the JS searches for it's content in it's housing container and shows it. So having 2 of them in the same place will lead in a bug where both toggles get deployed by only tapping one. This is easily solved by having each toggle inside a separate container.
Containers can also be used to include a better visual hierachy between elements, and make them easier to diferentiate themselves between other elements.
Secondary Classes:
full-bottom / half-bottom / no-bottom / full-top / half-top will add a margin to the direction mentioned in the code to diferentiate the element from the following element. Most elements have this added inside them, but there might be cases where you need to add this to keep the visual hierarchy beautiful
Using responsive classes, or floating classes is extremely easy. All the classes bellow will have a few things in comon. The class names are identical for each example below, and in each case to the last class a secondary class is added called last-column. This makes them take full advantage of the screen and work with removing the right margin. At the end of each, there is a class that must be added to achieve better compatibility with certain browsers. The clear class. This should be added after any floating element.

Two Columns ( on screens larger than mobile )

Three Columns ( on screens larger than mobile )

Four Columns ( on screens larger than mobile )

The columns also allow using secondary classes for margins mentioned in the previous chapters.
Probably the most important add-on to most of the features in our template are pre-coded, simple built secondary classes. Secondary classes are basically any class that can be added to a HTML element to extend it's native capability. Let's give a quick example

 I'm a small text

What you see above is a basic, simple paragraph, nothing special about it. If you'd want to center it, or change it's color, you'd have to open the CSS, find the matching color, search for font sizes and do all of those, right? Well, yes and no. We have a tone of pre-coded classes built to help you out with just these things.

 I'm a centered larger text with the color red in uppercase now

Chances are you won't need these many secondary classes, but adding an extra line of CSS just to center a text, or change it's color would be pointless, so these elements are added in here to ease your work and also ease the load on the CSS which has been optimized to perform as fast as it can for it's current load.
Let's get to showing you the secondary classes.
(1) - (universal) - can be added to all elements
(2) - (individual) - can be added to a single element, for example, a text, a heading, a button, an anchor.
Unqiue secondary classes to each element will be specified when you meet them in each documentation, adding them here without their apropriate code structure would be pointless as seeing the code will make more sense than just seeing the class.
hide-if-mobile - (1) - will only show content on larger screens
hide-if-responsive - (1) - will only show content on mobile screens
uppercase / lowercase / thin / thiner / bold / ultrabold - (2) - will alter text formats.
small-text / smaller-text / normal-text / larger-text / large-text - (2) will alter text sizes.
center-text / left-text / right-text - (2) will alter text alignment
center-text-mobile / left-text-mobile / right-text-mobile - (2) - alters text alignemnt only on mobiles
center-text-tablet / left-text-tablet / right-text-tablet - (2) alters text alignement only on tablets
rotate-45 / rotate-90 / rotate-180 - (2) - will alter the rotation of icons. Very useful for IonIcons
full-top / half-top / no-top - (1) - alters the margin / distance from the above element to match visual hierarchy
full-bottom/ half-bottom / no-bottom - (1) alters the margin / distance from the above element to match visual hierarchy
no-border - (1) - removes the border of elements that have it.
responsive-image - (2) - adding this class to any image will make it stretch to the screens full size.
These are the classes that affect contents and indivudual text elements and can be used universally for these elements. Now, we'll move on to the chapters of each structure individuall, features, pages, pageapps, galleries, portfolios and explain them, line by line so you can just copy paste them replace your content and launch your beautiful mobile site!
These classes are applicable to every element that accepts a secondary class that changes the background color.
bg-teal-light / bg-teal-dark - teal background color
bg-green-light / bg-green-dark - green background color
bg-blue-light / bg-blue-dark - blue background color
bg-magenta-light / bg-magenta-dark - magenta background color
bg-yellow-light / bg-yellow-dark - yellow background color
bg-orange-light / bg-orange-dark - orange background color
bg-night-light / bg-night-dark - dark blue background color
bg-red-light / bg-red-dark - red background color
bg-gray-light / bg-gray-dark - gray background color
bg-white - white background color
bg-black - black background color
These classes are applicable to every element that accepts a secondary class that changes the text color.
color-teal-light / color-teal-dark - teal text color
color-green-light / color-green-dark - green text color
color-blue-light / color-blue-dark - blue text color
color-magenta-light / color-magenta-dark - magenta text color
color-yellow-light / color-yellow-dark - yellow text color
color-orange-light / color-orange-dark - orange text color
color-night-light / color-night-dark - dark blue text color
color-red-light / color-red-dark - red text color
color-gray-light / color-gray-dark - gray text color
color-white - white text color
color-black - black text color
These classes are applicable to every element that accepts a secondary class that changes the background color when hovering or better said when inert tapping.
bg-hover-teal-light / bg-hover-teal-dark - teal background color hover
bg-hover-green-light / bg-hover-green-dark - green background color hover
bg-hover-blue-light / bg-hover-blue-dark - blue background color hover
bg-hover-magenta-light / bg-hover-magenta-dark - magenta background color hover
bg-hover-yellow-light / bg-hover-yellow-dark - yellow background color hover
bg-hover-orange-light / bg-hover-orange-dark - orange background color hover
bg-hover-night-light / bg-hover-night-dark - dark blue background color hover
bg-hover-red-light / bg-hover-red-dark - red background color hover
bg-hover-gray-light / bg-hover-gray-dark - gray background color hover
These classes are applicable to every element that accepts a secondary class that changes the text color.
border-teal-light / border-teal-dark - teal border color
border-green-light / border-green-dark - green border color
border-blue-light / border-blue-dark - blue border color
border-magenta-light / border-magenta-dark - magenta border color
border-yellow-light / border-yellow-dark - yellow border color
border-orange-light / border-orange-dark - orange border color
border-night-light / border-light-dark - dark blue border color
border-red-light / border-red-dark - red border color
border-gray-light / border-gray-dark - gray border color
border-white - white text color
border-black - black text color
This is very useful in case of dark texts on light backgrounds or light texts on dark backgrounds when you want the text to look a bit lighter or completely hide it. This is incremnetal by 25, no value meaning 100%
opacity-00 - completely transparent
opacity-25 - 25% opacity
opacity-50 - 50% opacity
opacity-75% - 75% opacity
The social colors are great to be used for buttons, when using a background social color the hover effect is added automatically.
facebook-bg / facebook-color facebook color and background color
twitter-bg / twitter-color twitter color and background color
linked-bg / linked-color linkiedn color and background color
google-bg / google-color google color and background color
whatsapp-bg / whatsapp-color whatsapp color and background color
pinterest-bg / pinterest-color pinterest color and background color
sms-bg / sms-color sms color and background color
mail-bg / mail-color mail color and background color
dribbble-bg / dribbble-color dribbble color and background color
sms-bg / sms-color sms color and background color
mail-bg / mail-color mail color and background color
tumblr-bg / tumblr-color tumblr color and background color
redddit-bg / reddit-color redddit color and background color
youtube-bg / youtube-color youtube color and background color
phone-bg / phone-color phone color and background color
skype-bg / skype-color skype color and background color


maskout(expr,mask)
Wherever the mask
values are less than zero, the
values in expr
are set to the missing data value.
Works with gridded or station data. Where mask
values
are positive, the expr
values are not modified. Thus
the result of maskout
is data with a possibly increased
number of missing data values. The maskout
function, in spite
of its apparant simplicity, is extremely useful.
const
function for a
description
of using maskout
to calculate the percentage of the globe
covered by precipitation.
maskout
function can be used to cause part of the
data to be ignored while doing another calculation. For example, if we
have a land-sea mask, where sea values are negative, and we want to take
some areal average of a quantity only over land:
d aave(maskout(p,mask.2),lon=0,lon=360,lat=0,lat=90)
d aave(maskout(p,mask.2(t=1)),lon=0,lon=360,lat=0,lat=90)
would probably be how Example 2 would have to be expressed in order to
work, with the local override of t=1
specified on the mask
data. See the documentation on how GrADS evaluates expressions within the
dimension environment for more information.


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A handy toolkit for OpenAPI, with a linter to enforce quality rules, documentation rendering, and resolution.
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Student Bio
Tiffany N. Lewis
I am not a muppet. But, I sometimes like to identify as a muppet.
Contact Info
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Github:
Tiffnlewis
Portfolio:
coming soon


Pure Python implementation of n-vector-based spherical geodetic
(lat-/longitude) methods, transcoded from JavaScript originals by (C)
Chris Veness 2011-2016, published under the same MIT Licence**. See
Vector-based geodesy and Module latlon-nvector-spherical.
Tools for working with points and lines on (a spherical model of) the
earth’s surface using using n-vectors rather than the more common
spherical trigonometry. N-vectors make many calculations much simpler,
and easier to follow, compared with the trigonometric equivalents.
Note that the formulations below take x => 0°N,0°E, y =>
0°N,90°E and z => 90°N while Gade uses x => 90°N, y => 0°N,90°E,
z => 0°N,0°E.
Also note that on a spherical earth model, an n-vector is equivalent
to a normalised version of an (ECEF) cartesian coordinate.
|
|
ispolar(points,
wrap=False)
Check whether a polygon encloses a pole. |
|
|
|
|
areaOf(points,
radius=6371008.771415,
wrap=False)
Calculate the area of a (spherical) polygon or composite (with great
circle arcs joining consecutive points). |
|
|
|
|
intersecant2(center,
circle,
point,
bearing,
radius=6371008.771415,
exact=False,
height=None,
wrap=False)
Compute the intersections of a circle and a line. |
|
|
|
|
intersection(start1,
end1,
start2,
end2,
height=None,
wrap=False,
LatLon=<class 'pygeodesy.sphericalNvector.LatLon'>,
**LatLon_kwds)
Locate the intersections of two (great circle) lines each defined by
two points or by a start point and an (initial) bearing. |
|
|
|
|
intersection2(start1,
end1,
start2,
end2,
height=None,
wrap=False,
LatLon=<class 'pygeodesy.sphericalNvector.LatLon'>,
**LatLon_kwds)
Locate the intersections of two (great circle) lines each defined by
two points or by a start point and an (initial) bearing. |
|
|
|
|
meanOf(points,
height=None,
wrap=False,
LatLon=<class 'pygeodesy.sphericalNvector.LatLon'>,
**LatLon_kwds)
Compute the geographic mean of the supplied points. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nearestOn3(point,
points,
closed=False,
radius=6371008.771415,
height=None,
wrap=False)
Locate the point on a polygon (with great circle arcs joining
consecutive points) closest to an other point. |
|
|
|
|
perimeterOf(points,
closed=False,
radius=6371008.771415,
wrap=False)
Compute the perimeter of a (spherical) polygon or composite (with
great circle arcs joining consecutive points). |
|
|
|
|
sumOf(nvectors,
Vector=<class 'pygeodesy.sphericalNvector.Nvector'>,
h=None,
**Vector_kwds)
Return the vectorial sum of two or more n-vectors. |
|
|
|
|
triangulate(point1,
bearing1,
point2,
bearing2,
height=None,
wrap=False,
LatLon=<class 'pygeodesy.sphericalNvector.LatLon'>,
**LatLon_kwds)
Locate a point given two known points and the initial bearings from
those points. |
|
|
|
|
trilaterate(point1,
distance1,
point2,
distance2,
point3,
distance3,
radius=6371008.771415,
height=None,
useZ=False,
wrap=False,
LatLon=<class 'pygeodesy.sphericalNvector.LatLon'>,
**LatLon_kwds)
Locate a point at given distances from three other points. |
|
|


MAY 1, 2019
Create a world, master another. Capture reality, tweak it later. Create Art, make it functional. From instructing computers to making the best ones, the events leave no aspect of Cyber age untouched.
Important Dates
The buzz won't be just the same, but better and bigger than ever.
All only if you know what it means to punctual, and deadline-fearing warrior!
Our Team
All the ones who make Cyber Buzz what it is!
Never underestimate those who you don't know, as they might be the ones deciding the winners, and not so winning winners!
Our Schedule


class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Session 4 ## Workflows in R: Recommended practices ### Global TIES for Children ---  # Last Time We talked about: - Pattern matching - String manipulation - Function writing - Iteration --- # Agenda Most of the workshop will be more about project structure, however... By the end of this workshop, you should be able to understand this block of code: .font10[ ```r library(drake) drake_plan( raw_data = readxl::read_excel(file_in("raw_data.xlsx")), data = raw_data %>% mutate(Ozone = replace_na(Ozone, mean(Ozone, na.rm = TRUE))), hist = create_plot(data), fit = lm(Ozone ~ Wind + Temp, data), report = rmarkdown::render( knitr_in("report.Rmd"), output_file = file_out("report.html"), quiet = TRUE ) ) ``` ] --- # Agenda We'll be covering - R-script based project structures - R "package" project structure - Controlling code complexity - **drake** - Functional programming I'll have the **tidyverse** meta-package attached throughout the presentation. ```r library(tidyverse) ``` --- class: inverse, middle, center # Project Structures ## 🗄 🗄 🗄 --- # Project Structures in R There are several styles of R project out there, and it can be daunting to choose the "best" one. Like most things in life, **there is no "best" project style**. Each has their pros and cons. These are the project "styles" we'll cover today: 1. R-script based project 1. R Markdown based project 1. R package project 1. **drake** project The order of these _roughly_ translates to the size of the project, from the smallest scale to largest. --- # R-script Projects The simplest structure is the R script. For very, _very_ small projects, it's sufficient to use a single R script: .pull-left.font10[
 project/ data/ .. All data are stored here .. assets/ .. All derived assets (reports and whatnot) .. make.R
 ] .pull-right.font10[ ```r # make.R library(tidyverse) dat <- read_csv(here::here("data/dataset.csv")) # ... Do stuff ... save_results(results, file = here::here("assets/results.dat")) ``` ] All code is stored in the "make.R" file, and its layout roughly follows: 1. Attach required packages with `library()` 1. Load required datasets 1. Do stuff to the data to get results 1. Save results Each time you change your code or input data, you `source()` the "make.R" script and rerun the code. As you can imagine, this can get unwieldy pretty quickly... --- # R-script Projects The usual solution to having this in a single script is to have multiple topic or stage scripts with one master script. To ensure that the stages are loaded in order, the scripts are prefixed with `00-`, `01-`, `02-`, and so on. Often, these scripts are stored in a separate directory, named "code", "analysis", or other. I prefer to name this folder "R" to follow the R package convention (discussed later). .pull-left.font10[
 project/ R/ 00-libraries.R # library() calls 01-data-loading.R 02-wrangling.R ... make.R ... project.Rproj
 Remember: using RStudio projects (the "project.Rproj" file) ensures that calls to `here::here()` refer to the project root `project/`! ] .pull-right.font10[ ```r # make.R *#!/usr/bin/env Rscript all_scripts <- list.files( here::here("R"), full.names = TRUE ) for (script in all_scripts) { source(script) } ``` The number prefixes ensure that the scripts are loaded in order, as `list.files()` returns the file names _alphabetically_. ] --- # R Markdown Projects These are similar to pure R-script projects. Rather than having a master "make.R" file that `source()`s all of the R scripts, you use a master R Markdown document. Usually, the end result of a project is some report, paper, or other human-readable asset that you intend to share, so it's only fitting that you do all your writing in an executable R Markdown document while loading in supplemental scripts. .pull-left.font10[
 project/ R/ 00-libraries.R # library() calls 01-data-loading.R 02-wrangling.R ... report.Rmd ..
 Right: Blog post by Emily Riederer, a major propronent of "RMarkdown Driven Development" ] .pull-right.font10[ [![R Markdown Driven Development](../images/riederer_rmdd.png)](https://emilyriederer.netlify.app/post/rmarkdown-driven-development/) ] --- ## R-Script & R Markdown Project Cost/Benefit The costs/benefits of these project styles are similar, so I'll evaluate them together. .pull-left[ **Benefit**: - Good for small-medium scale projects with _few_ outputs - Easy to comprehend code flow via prefixed "R" folder - Not much infrastructure required ] .pull-right[ **Cost**: - Difficult to add new stages - Updating code lends itself to rerunning the _entire_ project, wasting time on already-built phases1 - Maintaining larger-scale scripts without proper testing is _very_ difficult ] .footnote.font10[ (1): R Markdown -- through **knitr**, the rendering engine -- has the ability to cache chunk outputs, cutting down on build time. However, **knitr**'s cache is very easily invalidated, so it often rebuilds OK chunks anyway. ] --- class: center, middle, inverse # Managing Project Complexity ## 📦 ✅ --- # The R Package Structure How do you know your code is correct? How do you know if your built assets are outdated? How do you save time on computation? How do you track your project dependencies? R scripts on their own do **not** have an existing infrastructure to help you deal with these questions. To address this, there are several tools at your disposal -- if you use the right project structure: the R package structure. .pull-left.font12[ As we discussed in the first session, R packages are primarily vessels to share user-created functions (and sometimes datasets). Structurally, they follow the folder layout to the right. All package metadata (title, authors, links) are stored in the `DESCRIPTION` file. This also includes a list of **package dependencies** -- a necessity for being able to share your work! ] .pull-right.font10[
 package/ data/ # Shared data ... DESCRIPTION # Package metadata* LICENSE # License text man/ # Package help pages* ... NAMESPACE # Import/export list* R/ # All R source files* ... tests/ # Unit test scripts ... vignettes/ # Long-form docs and examples ...
 ] --- # The R Package Structure For your average project, it's usually overkill to include _all_ of these components. Unless you want to your project _as_ an R package, you don't need the `man`, `NAMESPACE`, and `vignettes` components. However, when you use the R package structure, you get access to the R package development infrastructure: .pull-left[ - **devtools**: Common development operations (building, testing, rendering documentation, etc) - **usethis**: Typical project setup and management operations - **testthat**: Test your source code to make sure it behaves correctly ] .pull-right.center[ ![Package development tools](../images/pkg-dev-stack.png) ] --- # Workflows & Drake For larger projects, the process of adding new code and then rerunning your project master script is inherently a **slow** workflow. Trying to cut down on this time by using an R Markdown file and running chunks as needed is an option, but this introduces problems with **code dependencies**. A better and more scalable process would be to identify discrete "build stages" that can be **cached**, stored for later use unless the input data or code changes. If these dependencies don't change, then computation time is significantly cut down. .pull-left[ **This is the goal of `drake`**. You define a `drake_plan()` object (a collection of "targets" or build steps), and then **drake** inspects your code to determine the dependencies for each target: code, files, _and_ packages. ] .pull-right.center[ [![Drake](../images/drake.png)](https://github.com/ropensci/drake) ] --- # Using Drake **drake**, like other general projects, uses a relaxed R package file structure with some additions: .pull-left.font10[
 project/ _drake.R config/ packages.R plan.R R/ .. Custom functions for your project .. ...
 The "_drake.R" file acts as the master build script. "packages.R" contains all `library()` calls for attached packages that you use throughout the project. The "plan.R" file contains the `drake_plan()` object that defines the build targets. Taken together, all three constitute the components necessary to run the **drake pipeline**. A basic "_drake.R" is defined on the right. ] .pull-right.font10[ ```r # _drake.R f_sources <- list.files( here::here("R"), full.names = TRUE ) for (func_source in f_sources) { source(func_source) } # Set Drake configuration source(here::here("config/packages.R")) source(here::here("config/plan.R")) drake_config( the_plan, verbose = TRUE ) ``` ] --- # Using Drake .pull-left.font12[ **drake** plans are where the _runnable steps_ are defined. To track fie dependencies, there are a couple helper functions that signal to **drake** to watch the files: - `file_in(file)`: Looks to see if the input `file` exists or has changed - `knitr_in(file)`: Like `file_in()` for R Markdown files, but also inspects the document's code for its dependencies - `file_out(file)`: Looks to see if the `file` has been deleted and needs to be rebuilt ] .pull-right.font10[ ```r # config/plan.R the_plan <- drake_plan( raw_data = readxl::read_excel( file_in("raw_data.xlsx") ), data = raw_data %>% mutate( Ozone = replace_na( Ozone, mean(Ozone, na.rm = TRUE) ) ), hist = create_plot(data), fit = lm(Ozone ~ Wind + Temp, data), report = rmarkdown::render( knitr_in("report.Rmd"), output_file = file_out("report.html"), quiet = TRUE ) ) ``` ] --- class: center, middle # [_A Demo Project_](https://github.com/nyuglobalties/test-data-project) --- # Functional Programming .pull-left[ You can see that each target in the **drake** plan is defined as a function or chain of functions. This is the preferred style of **drake** since it fits the design philosophy of R. **Functional programming** is a style of coding where you _compose_ together functionality with **function composition**. In essence, composing functions together allows you to focus on _what_ should your code be doing. This contrasts with sequential script-based development which focuses on _how_ your code should be working. ] .pull-right.font10[ ```r the_plan <- drake_plan( raw_data = readxl::read_excel( file_in("raw_data.xlsx") ), data = raw_data %>% mutate( Ozone = replace_na( Ozone, mean(Ozone, na.rm = TRUE) ) ), hist = create_plot(data), fit = lm(Ozone ~ Wind + Temp, data), report = rmarkdown::render( knitr_in("report.Rmd"), output_file = file_out("report.html"), quiet = TRUE ) ) ``` ] --- # Functional Programming Recall last session's recap question with this code snippet with the definition of `map()`, a **higher-order function** (a function that modifies/uses an input function): .font10[ ```r map <- function(x, f) { out <- vector("list", length(x)) for (i in seq_along(x)) { out[[i]] <- f(x[[i]]) } out } ``` ] Note how all this function does is wrap the standard `for` loop design pattern. It's not uncommon to have to write `for` loops of this kind. However, which of these statements is more intelligible? .pull-left.font10[ ```r out <- vector("list", length(x)) for (i in seq_along(x)) { out[[i]] <- do_a_thing(x[[i]]) } out ``` ] .pull-right.font10[ ```r map(x, do_a_thing) ``` ] --- # Functional Testing .font12[ Breaking down your code into a collection of functions that can be composed together makes your project **testable through unit tests**. A unit test is some code that makes some expectations of the behavior of the function you're testing. If any of those expectations are not met, the unit test fails. This allows you to define your code's behavior and **safeguard your project from future breaking changes**. ] .pull-left.font12[ We achieve this using **testthat**. Some **testthat** unit tests look like this: ```r test_that("map() behaves correctly", { expect_equal( map(1:5, function(el) el^2), list(1, 4, 9, 16, 25) ) }) ``` ] .pull-right.center.middle[ ## _Demo_ ] --- # Functional Programming .font12[ Functional programming is not just dedicated to abstracting away the boilerplate code for common design patterns, e.g. higher-order functions like `map()`. It's also a helpful way to mentally process your code since it describes _what_ is going on in a human-readable manner. Consider the template `drake_plan()`: ] .pull-left.font10[ ```r the_plan <- drake_plan( raw_data = readxl::read_excel( file_in("raw_data.xlsx") ), data = raw_data %>% mutate( Ozone = replace_na( Ozone, mean(Ozone, na.rm = TRUE) ) ), hist = create_plot(data), fit = lm(Ozone ~ Wind + Temp, data), report = rmarkdown::render( knitr_in("report.Rmd"), output_file = file_out("report.html"), quiet = TRUE ) ) ``` ] .pull-right.font12[ Note how it's pretty easy to follow the plan to see what's happening. **That is the intended design**. You should be able to scan the plan and at a higher level understand the code flow. The minutia and implementation details are located out-of-sight, preferably in well-tested functions composed together. **Rule of thumb**: if the code for a specific action is _longer than 20 lines_, you should rewrite that code into a collection of smaller functions. ] --- class: center, middle [![purrr cheatsheet](../images/purrr-cheatsheet.png)](https://github.com/rstudio/cheatsheets/blob/master/purrr.pdf) --- class: center, middle  .footnote.font10[ _The Turing Way_ project illustration by Scriberia. Zenodo. [http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3332807](http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3332807) ] --- # Research Compendia Regardless of scale, the most important function of your project structure is to be **replicable**. You should be able to give your work to someone else with a completely different computer, rerun your project, and get identical results to what you got. How do you achieve this? Usually, by answering these questions: 1. Does your project recreate the execution environment (packages, environmental variables, external software)? 1. Does your project have clear instructions to "rerun" it? 1. Does your project have a clear history, documenting the entire process of the project? Questions 1 and 2 can be answered directly by project structure. The third requires the use of a proper **version control system**. In the next year, we'll have workshops on `git` and GitHub, and how to use them in a replicable research setting. --- class: inverse, center, middle # Thank you for participating in these workshops! Michael will take over in the spring to discuss modeling with R. --- class: inverse, center, middle # Questions?


Metronomy return to their 'spiritual home' to play Rock City
Nottingham is also the birthplace of keyboardist Oscar Cash
by Paul DruryI wasn’t sure which way Metronomy would go tonight. Their new album, as fantastic as it is, has just as many ambient soundscapes and experimental doodles as perfect electro-pop songs. Would they stick to the bangers or risk confusion on the dancefloor?
As it turned out, they played some of the less ‘live friendly’ tracks through the PA before they came on stage.
Clever that.
They open with Lately from the new record followed by The Bay from their 2011 breakthrough album The English Riviera, a magnificent pair that could easily have been their encore.
This is a band that knows they have quality in depth.
Half way through the hour and a half set they have an instrumental interlude, involving a coming together of keyboards in a Kraftwerk-style tableau, then return for a beautifully stripped back version of Aquarius and have the confidence to slow things down with the funny and touching acoustic Upset My Girlfriend.
And they look as stylish as they sound, visions in white jumpsuits, clearly enjoying delivering old favourites like The Look alongside the irresistible Salted Caramel Ice Cream.
If they ever release a greatest hits album (is that still a thing?) it really would be the definition of all killer, no filler, though that sounds far too crass for this quintessentially British band – polite, wildly creative and a delicious mix of genders, ethnicities and sexualities.
Makes you proud.
“Nottingham is our spiritual home,” says singer Joseph Mount, explaining his parents met in our city and it’s the birthplace of keyboardist Oscar Cash. “We’ll be visiting you again soon.”
Promises, promises.


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W3Develops is a Global Hackerspace and open-source community that helps developers connect with other like minded developers, clients, and employers.
W3Develops also helps anyone who is just getting started with learning to programming to get access to high quality free online courses that teach students to code. Some courses we give you such as freeCodeCamp partners them with nonprofit organizations to provide a way for you to further hone, develop, and contribute the skills you gain to a mutually beneficial cause. You will be able to put the experience you gain on your resume and the non-profit will be able to use the code you contribute to help more people not as fortunate as us.
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We offer the opportunity to collaborate on projects with other developers and forge new relationships with other like minded individuals, reach clients, and employers.
You will be given the tools to hone your skills, build your portfolio, and gain valuable hands on experience by contributing to non-profits.
Access to documentation, references, and tools for the latest technologies are free for quick access when you need to look up how to use unfamiliar technologies
HOW TO GET STARTED
This website is still under development. If you really want to get started then you can help out and start building your skills by going to GitHub and contributing to the development of this website by learning how to use Git and GitHub, designing pages for the site, and even finding bugs and reporting them.
Build something. To make this a strong website we need strong members, and we will only ever be as good as the people around us, so take a moment and reflect and know you can do better and you will do better, so long as you try. Climbing a mountain starts with the first step. "Practice makes permanent"
Invite your friends to contribute and let them know you're building the best social networking developer site on the world wide web.


Instructions:
click on the image that scares you the most and it will populate a pie chart that keeps track of the number of times you clicked on each image.
Counter:
Clowns:
Dogs :
Germs:
Heights:
Kittens:
Lightning:
Needles:
Snakes:
Spiders:
Clowns:
Dogs :
Germs:
Heights:
Kittens:
Lightning:
Needles:
Snakes:
Spiders:


docname=rect:Rectangles
Draw lines along the grid edges to divide the grid into rectangles, so that each rectangle contains exactly one numbered square and its area is equal to the number written in that square.
Click and drag from one grid corner to another, or from one square centre to another, to draw a rectangle. You can also drag along a grid line to just draw a line at a time, or just click on a single grid edge to draw or erase it.


validator Package¶
controlFileValidator
Module¶
-
AdaptivePELE.validator.controlFileValidator.
validate
(control_file)[source]¶ Validate an AdaptivePELE control file to ensure that there are no errors
- Parameters
controlFile (str) – Adaptive sampling control file
- Raises
ValueError – If a error is found in the control file
-
AdaptivePELE.validator.controlFileValidator.
validateBlock
(blockName, controlFileBlock)[source]¶ Validate the a block of the control file to ensure that there are no errors. Raise a warning if an error is found.
- Parameters
blockName (dict) – Dictionary containing the parameters and possible types for the block
controlFileBlock (dict) – Dictionary containing the parameters specified in the control file for the block
- Returns
bool – Wheter and error has been found in a block block
-
AdaptivePELE.validator.controlFileValidator.
validateGeneralBlock
(blockName, controlFileBlock)[source]¶ Validate the generalParams block of the control file to ensure that there are no errors. Raise a warning if an error is found.
- Parameters
blockName (dict) – Dictionary containing the parameters and possible types for the block
controlFileBlock (dict) – Dictionary containing the parameters specified in the control file for the block
- Returns
bool – Wheter and error has been found in the generalParams block


Death of a Salesman (1985)
Grade: 62
"Death of a Salesman" may be the Great American Tragedy. No matter how many other successful plays Arthur Miller may have had, he will always be remembered for bringing Willy Loman to life. In 1984, Dustin Hoffman was cast as Willy in a Broadway revival. Most of the cast was retained for a broadcast television production. Volker Schlondorff, whose entire previous career was spent in Germany and France, became the director.
The story is depressing and even disturbing, as it has the effect of challenging the viewer to consider the value of his or her own life. Willy has spent his adult life as a struggling salesman, and has lived under the delusion that he and his family were destined for success, even greatness. His wife Linda (Kate Reid) knows the truth, but participates in his husband's delusions since dreams are all that he has left.
But now Willy's dreams are shattered. Prematurely senile, he is fired from his longtime job and lives on handouts from his old friend Charley (Charles Durning). Son Biff (John Malkovich) is jobless and a kleptomaniac. Son Happy (Stephen Lang) is a cynical womanizer. A broken man, Willy is considering suicide. As the story unfolds, it is finally made clear why Biff has been such a failure, with the blame seeping into Willy's life as well.
The play also ironically contrasts the parenting skills of Willy and Charley. Willy lives for his two sons, and showers attention on them. Charley takes little interest in his nerdy son Bernard (David S. Chandler), who nonetheless becomes an important lawyer.
"Death of a Salesman" is not an enjoyable film to watch. The title gives away the ending, and casts a gloomy pall over an already depressing storyline. If most folks live a life of quiet desperation, Willy has graduated to the next level. While downbeat films have made great cinema before (e.g. "The Lost Weekend"), it doesn't happen here.
"Death of a Salesman" did well at the Golden Globes (in the television movie category). Hoffman won Best Actor, while Malkovich and Reid were nominated for their Supporting roles. The film was also nominated for Best Picture. Hoffman and Malkovich also won Emmy awards.
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>http://members.tripod.com/~Brian_Koller/movies.html
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
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Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=JWUwLnTi5Oy3BX4yZ8rMVg
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=S2W10aY31jUnusq1Cdp-gw
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=wiN4yVd4T37Nl5WMPn2yLQ
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=78SDVqI-XTJ555l2-YlaLQ
We RISE for the Philippines - Join Us & Stand With Our Sisters
& Brothers
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=xZQAuWS8XwQZLIDZkh4iOA
V-Day has set up a V-Fund to benefit women and men on the ground
immediately. 100% of donations will go directly to these efforts via
GABRIELA and Gabriela Women’s Party
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=zY9UiLMPtfDHfvA6Qgs7WA
. All donations made to the V-Fund will be matched. Please read the
below letters from One Billion Rising Director Monique Wilson and
V-Day Founder/Artistic Director Eve Ensler, and consider donating
whatever you can - every little bit helps.
DONATE >
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=AG4SZzPNlmiKixYJT5CLzA
From Monique in Manila:
As you can see from the news, the destruction from super storm Haiyan
(local name Yolanda) was on such a massive scale - the likes of which
our country has never seen before. Five million affected in the storms
path, a million homeless, 10,000 dead in one city alone (we do not
have yet the death toll from other cities and provinces), mass burials
because there were not enough body bags, corpses still hanging from
the trees or laying on the streets, entire towns wiped out and
destroyed. Two thirds of the country was hit and as of today, several
of our 7,000 islands have already gone missing from the map. And along
with that, entire towns and communities. There is another big storm
arriving on Wednesday, and reports of at least three more before
Christmas.
The sad news is that so many of our GABRIELA communities - rural and
peasant women, fisherfolk and farmers - especially those who lived on
the coastal towns - have been effected. Women who led the incredible
risings in these villages, towns and cities have lost families, loved
ones and lost their homes. GABRIELA is the largest grassroots based
womens alliance in the Philippines who provide direct services to
women and advocate for their rights.
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=6EM8fgAlui0dN7RRiZft_w
The country is still in desperate need for help and V-Day and One
Billion Rising is calling on all of you, our Rising sisters and
brothers, to please donate what you can. V-Day has set up a V-Fund to
make donating easy and secure. 100% of the donations will go straight
to the local GABRIELA and Gabriela Women’s Party chapters to directly
benefit the people on the ground.
Funds raised will be used for a women’s mission in the most affected
areas - to provide direct services - food, clothing, shelter, medical
and health needs specific to women - as well as psycho-social support
for the women survivors. In disasters, even in evacuation centers - we
know that sexual violence heightens and we need to ensure the safety
and protection of the women and girls.
Despite the horror, the immense sorrow and heartbreak - the Gabriela
women from the poorest communities here who have been the worst
affected - continue to inspire me. Despite having no homes, no food,
no water and nothing at all except their spirit, their will and their
hearts - they have been sending me messages to say THE RISING
CONTINUES. NOTHING WILL STOP US. They told me “OUR RISING FOR JUSTICE
WILL BE BIGGER AND STRONGER THAN THE STORM.”
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=WdIDrXZJil83QbkOgqPBDQ
Thank you my dearest sisters and brothers of my heart. There is much
to do - but we are moving forward. We will Rise. And we will continue
to Rise and dance in memory of everyone and everything that we have
lost - and for the future we are all dreaming for.
Thank you for keeping my beloved country in your embrace. It has meant
so much to us.
With love,
Monique
DONATE >
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=wDGBL-68VChTfL04rFEBWQ
From Eve in Berlin:
Dear our most generous One Billion Rising and V-Day activists,
The Philippines was the site of one of the biggest risings for One
Billion Rising 2013. We need to rise for our sisters and brothers in
the Philippines now.
This huge crisis in the Philippines that comes as a result of climate
change, and which is a natural and human-made disaster -
connects us all. It connects us to people and to the land.
There are so many factors that contribute to a crisis. There is the
storm - a natural phenomenon. There is climate change. And there
are the things that we are doing to the land, like mining, that are
done out of greed. We need to look at what our countries do in the
name of profit, that affect the most vulnerable communities around the
world in times like this. When the mountains are gone because of
mining, what higher ground can people go to during a storm surge?
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=e8k_iopG9XtTwYjZU8b2Mg
All of these factors make it even more evident why we need to Rise For
Justice. Why we need to Rise right now. Why we need to Rise for the
Philippines. And in any natural or environmental disaster, it is the
women in the most marginalized, the most oppressed and impoverished
communities, who suffer the most.
The need to wake up to what is happening in the Philippines is a major
call for the world.
I have traveled the world, far and wide - but I do not know of
any organization that is as committed, as radical, as organized and as
dedicated to the women in the grassroots communities as GABRIELA
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=PgfGI5H6pKUhckfEHWRgtQ
in the Philippines. They led the incredible One Billion Risings
there. They are on the ground, with the people - and every dime
you contribute will get to the women and children affected and their
families. Whatever we raise through activist donations, will get
matched.
With love and thanks,
Eve
DONATE >
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=NnKx3_78mvOfcqWne4xPHQ
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=t2JHx01kDUu9tcDLfm6PCQ
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http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=PAfZdZMwc0RtjHdm7R2GWA
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=aXomPCV68YwoR0pHs7Wr-w
http://action.vday.org/site/R?i=Jp1itqM7mO63HQBJbX6X9Q
unsubscribe
http://action.vday.org/site/CO?i=aZEy4mGqeIwgwNb-8aeAs5rnH8l-9hJZ&cid=1062
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Open vSwitch supports tunneling in userspace. Tunneling is implemented in platform independent way.
Setup physical bridges for all physical interfaces. Create integration bridge. Add VXLAN port to int-bridge. Assign IP address to physical bridge where VXLAN traffic is expected.
Connect to VXLAN tunnel endpoint logical ip: <IP_ADDRESS> and <IP_ADDRESS>.
Configure OVS bridges as follows.
Assign IP address to int-br, So final topology looks like:
<IP_ADDRESS>/24
+--------------+
| int-br | <IP_ADDRESS>/24
+--------------+ +--------------+
| vxlan0 | | vxlan0 |
+--------------+ +--------------+
| |
| |
| |
<IP_ADDRESS>/24 |
+--------------+ |
| br-eth1 | <IP_ADDRESS>/24
+--------------+ +---------------+
| eth1 |----------------------------------| eth1 |
+--------------+ +---------------+
Host A with OVS. Remote host.
With this setup, ping to VXLAN target device (<IP_ADDRESS>) should work There are following commands that shows internal tables:
Tunnel routing table:
To Add route:
ovs-appctl ovs/route/add
ARP: To see arp cache content: ovs-appctl tnl/arp/show To flush arp cache: ovs-appctl tnl/arp/flush
To check tunnel ports listening in vswitchd: ovs-appctl tnl/ports/show
To set range for VxLan udp source port:
To set:
ovs-appctl tnl/egressportrange
To check datapath ports: ovs-appctl dpif/show
To check datapath flows: ovs-appctl dpif/dump-flows
bugs@openvswitch.org


---
layout: page
title: Scientific Maths
tagline: Collection of infinite-precision mathematics functions
ghlink: https://github.com/aviaryan/autohotkey-scripts/blob/master/Functions/Maths.ahk
---
Ahk Topic
ChangeLog
List
- SM_Solve(expression, ahk=false)
- SM_Add(number1, number2)
- SM_Multiply(number1, number2)
- SM_Divide(number1, number2, length=10)
- SM_UniquePmt(series, Index)
- SM_fact(number)
- SM_Greater(number1, number2, trueforequal)
- SM_Prefect(number)
- SM_Pow(number, Power)
- SM_Mod(Dividend, Divisor)
- SM_Round(number, Decimals)
- SM_Floor(Number)
- SM_Ceil(Number)
- SM_ToExp(Number, decimals)
- SM_FromExp(sci_number)
- SM_e(N, auto=true)
- SM_Number2base(N, base=16)
- SM_Base2Number(H, base=16)
- Solves a Mathematical expression in a string . The
ahk
param is to make SM_Solve() use the AutoHotkey's +-*/ instead of its own. Enable it if you are
sure that the calculation you are doing can be calculated with AHK only. It may give faster results.
- SM_Solve() supports infinetly large numbers and its +-/* is powered by the respective custom functions (SM_Add, SM_Multiply, SM_Divide).
- It supports functions (default and user-defined) , expressions inside expressions and nesting via (...) brackets.
- You can use ^ or ** calulate power and ! to calculate factorial on the go.
- Scientific notation numbers can also be used as they are in the function.
- SM_Solve() solves expressions in the traditional left-to-right format for the operators +-*/ and not in the BODMAS format. Use nesting to achieve your desired
results.
- Use p or c for Permuation or Combination. (4c2 * 5c3)
- Users are highly recommended to use this function to solve expressions rather than using the individual functions in this library.
- Users are recommended to use Nesting via (...) brackets wherever necessary.
{% highlight autohotkey %}
msgbox % SM_Solve("4 + ( 2*( 3+(4-2)*round(2.5) ) ) + (5c2)**(4c3)")
msgbox % "The gravity on earth is: " SM_Solve("(6.67e-11 * 5.978e24) / 6.378e6^2")
var = sqrt(10!) - ( 2**5 + 5*8 )
msgbox,% SM_Solve(var)
;In the above example, var has the equation.
{% endhighlight %}
- You can also use global variables inside SM_Solve() . These variables must be surrounded by % to make SM_Solve() see them as variables.
Below is an example to demonstrate the purpose.
{% highlight autohotkey %}
global h := "6.6260695729e-34"
global c := "299792458"
global lemda := "5400e-10"
msgbox % ans := SM_Solve("%h%*%c%\%lemda%") ;note the %..% here
msgbox % SM_ToExp(ans) ;converting to Exponential form
{% endhighlight %}
- To use functions with alphabetic identifiers such as e, c or p , enclose them with %...% . See the following example -
{% highlight autohotkey %}
msgbox % SM_Solve(" %sin(1.59)% e %log(1000)% ")
;The above is equal to sin(1.59) e (log(1000))
;that is - sin(1.59) * 10^log(1000)
msgbox % SM_Solve( " 4^sin(3.14) + 5c%log(100)% + %sin(1.59)%e%log(1000)% + log(1000)! " )
;As you see , the identifiers ^ and ! dont require functions in %....% , though you can always use the %...% if you wish.
{% endhighlight %}
- Adds two infinetly large numbers . Supports decimal and negatives.
- Please feed numbers into the function as strings (See below)
{% highlight autohotkey %}
number1 =<PHONE_NUMBER>000000000382398232309.239230923092302390239230
number2 =<PHONE_NUMBER>30290239239049349309403434.34930909090
Msgbox,% SM_Add(number1 ,number2)
Msgbox,% SM_Add(number1, "-" number2) ;Notice the use of "-" to subtract
;Notice the use of = in place of :=
{% endhighlight %}
- Feed large numbers as Strings
- Better recommended to keep the
length
param of SM_Divide as 10 which is default. If you want more preciseness you can move it to anything.
- SM_Divide() has smartround which means something like 0.000000003433423 with a length 3 will not give 0.000 but 0.00000000343
{% highlight autohotkey %}
MsgBox,% SM_Divide("434343455677690909087534208967834434444.5656", "8989998989898909090909009909090909090908656454520", 10)
msgbox,% SM_Divide("22","7",100) ;--- 100 Decimal places
MsgBox,% SM_Multiply("111111111111111111111111111111111111111111.111","55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555.555")
{% endhighlight %}
- Gives unique Permuation for a given Index where Index < No of Permutations
- Make Index = All to list down all possible permutations
{% highlight autohotkey %}
msgbox,% SM_UniquePMT("avi,annat,koiaur,aurkoi", "All") ;no of permutation = 24
msgbox,% SM_UniquePMT("abd", 3);no of permutation = 6
{% endhighlight %}
SM_fact(number)
Returns factorial of any natural number
{% highlight autohotkey %}
msgbox % SM_fact(50)
{% endhighlight %}
SM_Greater(number1, number2, trueforequal=true)
Returns 1 (true) if number1 is greater than number2
If 'trueforequal' is true , it returns 1 also when number1 = number2
{% highlight autohotkey %}
msgbox % SM_Greater("2382938239832923", "23923892323232.23923323", true)
if SM_Greater("23923892323", "23823923923")
msgbox True
else
msgbox False
{% endhighlight %}
SM_Prefect(number)
Returns a number in perfect form removing all extra zeroes and decimals
{% highlight autohotkey %}
msgbox % SM_Prefect("00.0022323238230000")
{% endhighlight %}
SM_Pow(number, Power)
Returns 'number' to the power 'Power'
Suitable for large numbers.
{% highlight autohotkey %}
msgbox % SM_Pow("121", 20)
if SM_Greater(SM_Pow("123", 10) , "23823923923")
msgbox True
else
msgbox False
{% endhighlight %}
SM_Mod(number1, number2)
Mod of number1 with respect to number2
{% highlight autohotkey %}
msgbox % SM_Mod("122304393493", "232434")
if ( SM_Mod("1202323023923023022", 2) == "0" )
msgbox, The number is even
else
msgbox, The number is odd
{% endhighlight %}
SM_Round(number, decimals)
Rounds a number to the specified decimal numbers.
Doesnt't support negative value of decimals
i.e. no trimming before decimal is supported.
{% highlight autohotkey %}
msgbox % SM_Round("23023923023920332.239239232323129", 5)
{% endhighlight %}
SM_Floor(number) || SM_Ceil(number)
Returns Floor() || Ceil() of a number.
To know about these functions, see Autohotkey help file
{% highlight autohotkey %}
msgbox % SM_Floor("2323023902323.210")
msgbox % SM_Ceil("-23023023.23")
{% endhighlight %}
SM_ToExp(number, decimals)
Returns any number in exponential form like
1.6e9
The decimals param rounds of the the scientific number to have as many decimals you like.
{% highlight autohotkey %}
msgbox % SM_ToExp("994556989569454.2334423723900")
;returns --
;9.9455698956945423344237239e14
{% endhighlight %}
SM_FromExp(sci_num)
Converts a number from scientific number format to a real number.
{% highlight autohotkey %}
Msgbox % SM_fromexp("6.45423e10")
;64542300000
{% endhighlight %}
SM_e(N, auto=1)
Returns 'e' (exponential factor) to the power 'N' . auto = 1
enables smart rounding for faster results . Call auto as false (0) for totally accurate results. (may be slow).
{% highlight autohotkey %}
msgbox % SM_e(10)
;Returns --
;22026.46579480710259971265343113213982666963239374053579059805991564763081440882382141001251466332787884202070175527338097612546879579978525390625
{% endhighlight %}
SM_Number2Base(N, base=16)
SM_Base2Number(H, base=16)
SM_Number2Base converts number N
to base base
SM_Base2Number converts number H
in base base
to a real number (which is in base 10).
{% highlight autohotkey %}
msgbox % t:=SM_Number2Base("10485761048", 2) ;base 2
msgbox % f:=SM_Number2base("10485761048", 32) ;base 32
;now convert them back to numbers
msgbox % SM_Base2Number(t, 2) "`n" SM_Base2Number(f, 32)
{% endhighlight %}


Boosted rolls out squishier wheels for smoother, faster rides
And a new set of head and taillights, too
by Sean O'KaneElectric skateboard and scooter company Boosted has launched a new set of urethane wheels for its longboards that will offer smoother, faster rides. The new wheels are called Boosted 105s, and they cost $169 for a set of four.
The wheels are 30 percent bigger than the ones that Boosted ships on its longboards, measuring 105mm in diameter (hence the name), 65mm wide, and 72 durometer — a measure of hardness. They should add about 2 miles per hour to the top speed, meaning the Boosted Plus would be able to reach 24 miles per hour, and the Boosted Stealth can hit 26 miles per hour.
The wheels are also compatible with Boosted’s second generation longboard, but the company says there’s only “limited compatibility” with the Boosted Mini short board. (The company recommends users who want to try to adjust the tightness of the Mini’s trucks to avoid wheel bite.)
Boosted also announced Thursday a headlight / taillight combo pack called Beams, which costs $199. The headlights reach 600 lumens of brightness, and the taillights illuminate any time the user brakes the skateboard. Both are powered by the board’s battery, and the headlight even has a pass-through USB port for charging devices, which is neat. The lights appear to be compatible with both the newer longboards and the Boosted Mini.
Boosted has sold accessories in the past, but the two new products are the most full-throated attempt by the California company to take a bite out of the ancillary market that exists around its products. While there’s a wealth of Reddit threads and YouTube how-tos dedicated to swapping wheels or adding lights to Boosted’s boards, the pitch here is obvious: spend some more money, and you won’t have to put in as much of the work. Considering the high price tags of Boosted’s boards, that’s probably not the worst bet.


Autograd-Variable
Basic operators: + - * /
Those are supported as element-wise operation.
Scala example
x + 1.0
x + y
Python example
x + 1.0
x + y
squeeze
Delete the singleton dimension(s). The batch dimension needs to be unchanged. For example, if input has size (2, 1, 3, 4, 1): - squeeze(dim = 1) will give output size (2, 3, 4, 1) - squeeze(dims = null) will give output size (2, 3, 4)
Scala example
x.squeeze(1)
Python example
x.squeeze(1)
slice
Slice the input with the number of dimensions not being reduced. The batch dimension needs to be unchanged. - dim The dimension to narrow. 0-based index. Cannot narrow the batch dimension. -1 means the last dimension of the input. - startIndex Non-negative integer. The start index on the given dimension. 0-based index. - length The length to be sliced. Default is 1.
For example, if input is: 1 2 3 4 5 6 - slice(1, 1, 2) will give output 2 3 5 6 - slice(1, 2, -1) will give output 3 6
Scala example
x.slice(1, 1, 2)
Python example
x.slice(1, 1, 2)
index_select
Select an index of the input in the given dim and return the subset part. The batch dimension needs to be unchanged. The selected dim would be remove after this operation. - dim: The dimension to select. 0-based index. Cannot select the batch dimension. -1 means the last dimension of the input. - index: The index of the dimension to be selected. 0-based index. -1 means the last dimension of the input.
For example, if input is: 1 2 3 4 5 6 - Select(1, 1) will give output [2 5] - Select(1, -1) will give output [3 6]
Scala example
x.select(1, 1)
Python example
x.select(1, 1)


Procedural File: PEAR.php
Source Location: /library/pear/PEAR.php
Classes:
- PEAR
- Base class for other PEAR classes. Provides rudimentary emulation of destructors.
- PEAR_Error
- Standard PEAR error class for PHP 4
Page Details:
PEAR, the PHP Extension and Application Repository
PEAR class and PEAR_Error classPHP versions 4 and 5LICENSE: This source file is subject to version 3.0 of the PHP license that is available through the world-wide-web at the following URI: http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt. If you did not receive a copy of the PHP License and are unable to obtain it through the web, please send a note to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>so we can mail you a copy immediately.Tags:
OS_UNIX [line 47]
[ Top ]
OS_WINDOWS [line 46]
[ Top ]
PATH_SEPARATOR [line 58]
[ Top ]
PEAR_ERROR_CALLBACK [line 35]
[ Top ]
PEAR_ERROR_DIE [line 34]
[ Top ]
PEAR_ERROR_EXCEPTION [line 40]
[ Top ]
PEAR_ERROR_PRINT [line 32]
[ Top ]
PEAR_ERROR_RETURN [line 31]
[ Top ]
PEAR_ERROR_TRIGGER [line 33]
[ Top ]
PEAR_OS [line 48]
[ Top ]
PEAR_ZE2 [line 42]
[ Top ]


BrowserFrame component with RelativePathResource can display content obtained from relative path.
BrowserFrame
RelativePathResource


The quake, initially measured at a magnitude of 7.4, happened around 6:20 a.m. HST.
According to the U.S. Geological Survey, it was closest to Kota Ternate.
It was not immediately clear whether there were any injuries or damage.
The PTWC said the temblor was too far away from Hawaii to have any kind of effect.
Copyright 2019 Hawaii News Now. All rights reserved.


This Plugin is designed to make mobile (and smaller screen) browsing easier and less intrusive to valuable screen real estate.
Once activated, sbResponsiveNavigation uses the original HTML markup for desktop and combines it with some CSS media queries and a little jQuery to create a mobile friendly navigation.
There are two navigation types on offer - a slide-down button style for smaller menu's and a Select box dropdown for larger menus with multiple levels. Either can be activated through the plugin options with no additional markup required.


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| MATLAB 文件帮助: cv.MergeRobertson | 查看 cv.MergeRobertson 的代码 | Index |
MergeRobertson Merge exposure sequence to a single image
The resulting HDR image is calculated as weighted average of the exposures considering exposure values and camera response.
For more information see [RB99].
[RB99]:
Mark A Robertson, Sean Borman, and Robert L Stevenson. "Dynamic range improvement through multiple exposures". In Image Processing, 1999. ICIP 99. Proceedings. 1999 International Conference on, volume 3, pages 159-163. IEEE, 1999.
| Superclasses | handle |
| Sealed | false |
| Construct on load | false |
| MergeRobertson | Creates MergeRobertson object |
| id | Object ID |
| addlistener | Add listener for event. | |
| delete | Destructor | |
| eq | == (EQ) Test handle equality. | |
| findobj | Find objects matching specified conditions. | |
| findprop | Find property of MATLAB handle object. | |
| ge | >= (GE) Greater than or equal relation for handles. | |
| gt | > (GT) Greater than relation for handles. | |
| Sealed | isvalid | Test handle validity. |
| le | <= (LE) Less than or equal relation for handles. | |
| lt | < (LT) Less than relation for handles. | |
| ne | ~= (NE) Not equal relation for handles. | |
| notify | Notify listeners of event. | |
| process | Merges images |
| ObjectBeingDestroyed | Notifies listeners that a particular object has been destroyed. |


0
Each item comes in a variety of colors, and is available for both Dogs and Cats of various sizes
Harness
24.99
Harness Food & Drink Storage
10.99
Collar with GPS Tracker
49.99


{{context["mediaFileName"]}}
Valid formats: "mp4", "jpg", "png", "jpeg"
{% endif %} {% endif %}{{context["time"]}} seconds
Wait Please
In the deployment of the model not only use YOLOv5, we used other tools, as shown below.
Founder of Enigma A.I. and QuantumHispano. Self-taught student in Quantum Machine Learning.
Read MoreDeep Learning Practitioner, and research assistant at UNI. Experience in managing frameworks and deploying models (with Java, C++, Python or Javascript).
Read MoreElectronics student interested in the analysis of medical images in the area of DeepLearning
Read More© 2020 copyright all right reserved


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Protesters block entrance to Iraq's Umm Qasr port again
Umm Qasr is Iraq's main Gulf port. It receives imports of grain, vegetable oils and sugar shipments that feed a country largely dependent on imported food
Protesters have once again blocked the entrance to Iraq's Umm Qasr commodities port near Basra, preventing employees and tankers from entering and bringing operations down by 50 per cent, two-port sources told Reuters on Monday.
If the blockage goes on until the afternoon, operations will come to a complete halt, the sources said. The port was previously blocked from October 29 to November 9 with a brief resumption of operations between November 7-9.
Umm Qasr is Iraq's main Gulf port. It receives imports of grain, vegetable oils and sugar shipments that feed a country largely dependent on imported food.
The blockage cost the country more than $6 billion during just the first week of the closure, a government spokesman said at the time.
More than 300 people have been killed since the start of mass unrest in Baghdad and southern Iraq in early October, the largest demonstrations since the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003.
Protesters are demanding the overthrow of a political class seen as corrupt and beholden to foreign interests. They have turned to civil disobedience tactics like strikes, disrupting traffic, and blocking ports or oil facilities.


--- layout: default title: TechTogether Hackathons --- TechTogether's 2021-2022 Hackathon Season Come to hack or just come to learn at one of TechTogether's hackathons.


ABERDEEN
Reviewed by Harvey Karten First Run Features/ Norsk Film AS Director: Hans Petter Moland Writer: Kristin Amundsen, Hans Petter Moland Cast: Stellan Skarsgard, Lena Headey, Ian Hart, Charlotte Rampling
Truck drivers pick up people however weird-looking because they presumably know what it's like to be stranded on a desolate highway, front tire blown out. Of course they're looking for some conversation as well on their lonely treks across great expanses of road. Some time after a driver named Clive (Ian Hart--who for my money looks a lot like a Donald O'Connor from "Singin' in the Rain") gives a lift to an older man with a young woman on a European highway, he concludes that they are "strange but nice." That's about best way to describe the father-daughter combination of Tomas (Stellan Skarsgard) and Kaisa (Lena Headey) in "Aberdeen," Hans Petter Moland's road movie that combines a delayed coming of age drama with the possibility of family redemption. Often theatrical as though to show off the considerable talent of its essentially four-person cast, "Aberdeen" will remind moviegoers of Mike Figgis's "Leaving Las Vegas" with fragments of such drug-or-drink related films as "Trainspotting" (because of the Scottish influence), "Requiem for a Dream," and even the great classic with Welsh-born Ray Milland, Billy Wilder's unrelenting story of alcoholism, "The Lost Weekend." If "Aberdeen" breaks no new ground--unlike the film that introduced Mr. Skarsgard to a world audience, "Breaking the Waves"--there's some mighty powerful acting at work here. Sparks fly.
When we see a flashback of Kaisa's relationship with her dad when she was about ten years old, jumping into his arms as he arrives home from work in their rural Scottish town, we can understand how she had the motivation to become a lawyer. What is not clear at first, given the disposition of psychologists to say that a woman's relationship with men is dependent on her connection with her dad, is why she seems to prefer sex with a bevy of men whose names she cannot remember to a steady alliance with a good guy. But that insight comes soon enough, when her mother (Charlotte Rampling), now dying of cancer in Aberdeen's St. Ruth's Infirmary, asks her London-based daughter to pick up Tomas from his workplace on a rig on Norway (shades of "Breaking the Waves"!). What she finds is an out-of-work man broken down by alcoholism and, in a role reversal more commonly found when aging parents are afflicted with ailments like Alzheimer's, the child becomes mother to the man.
Director Moland ("Zero Kelvin," "The Last Lieutenant") takes us on a ride from London to Norway to Scotland which inevitably means trouble for the booze-addicted dad and her cocaine-snorting daughter. One blown tire and the odd couple sign on to a truck ride with Clive who is surprisingly adept at straightening them out and who himself is plunged into an adventure he never could have imagined.
"Aberdeen" recalls elements in the relationship between characters played by Nicolas Cage and Elizabeth Shue in another downer, "Leaving Las Vegas," though Ms. Headey's character is a lot freer with her language and Mr. Skarsgard not quite ready to do himself in like the unhappy fellow who makes what he considers his final trip to Nevada. As we soak in Philip Ogaard's lensing of some less-than-touristic areas of Scotland and Norway, we see the three folks in a truck act out a great drama in their lives, with Lena Headey giving Stellan Skarsgard more than suitable histrionics as a successful lawyer who resorts to various antics including physical violence against a group of muggers. She looks darn good even when cut, bruised and bandaged while Skarsgard is terrific, speaking fluent English with a thoroughly American accent.
Not Rated. Running time: 106 minutes. (C)2001, Harvey Karten<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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belongs to the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


{% extends CMS_TEMPLATE %} {% block title %}Setting New password{% endblock %} {% block content %}
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- Added, valid COMODO certificate to sign xpi and exe files
- Added, automatic updates from Google
- Added, IMAP support in SpamBayes and ThunderBayes++
- Fixed, broken automatic filter creation in thunderbird account manager
- Fixed, missing button icons on Linux and Macintosh
- Fixed, slownesses with SpamBayes experimental databases
- Fixed, some failing HTTP requests between the account manager and SpamBayes


This example demonstrates how to use sails.js and web socket communication to automatic updates between individual clients. Basically this example is just a simple chat, which is perfect for this purpose. Within this example all communications are made via web sockets.


Type Function Library widget.* Return value ButtonWidget Revision Current Public Release (2013.2076) Keywords widget, button See also ButtonWidget
widget.newButton( options )
This function takes a single argument, options
, which is a table that accepts the following basic parameters:
String. An optional identification string to assign for the button. Default is widget_button
.
Numbers. The left and top position where the button will be created. Default values are 0,0
.
Boolean. If false
, the button will not respond to touch events. Use button:setEnabled() to enable or disable touch events on a button after creation. Default is true
(button is enabled).
Listener. An optional function to be called when the button is pressed. The callback function does not require testing for event.phase
since it only honors "began"
.
Listener. An optional function to be called when the user releases the button (assuming the touch is still over the button). The callback function does not require testing for event.phase
since it only honors "ended"
.
Listener. An optional function that should only be specified if onPress
and onRelease
are not set. This callback function allows you to test for the event.phase
of "began"
, "moved"
, or "ended"
.
All buttons accept the following visual parameters in the options
table, plus specific parameters for 2-Image, 2-Frame, or 9-Slice button type construction.
String. Text label that will appear on top of the button.
String. Alignment of the button label. Valid values are left
, right
, or center
. Default is center
.
Table. Table of two RGB+A color settings, one each for the default and over states.
labelColor = { default={ 1, 1, 1 }, over={ 0, 0, 0, 0.5 } }
Numbers. Optional x and y offsets for the button label. For example, labelYOffset = -8
will shift the label 8 pixels up from default.
String. Font used for the button label. Default is native.systemFont
.
Number. Font size (in pixels) for the button label. Default is 14
.
Boolean. If set to true
, the button label will appear embossed (inset effect).
Boolean. If set to true
, the button will be constructed via a text object only (no background element). Default is false
.
This is the easiest button to construct — just create two image files, one for the default state and another for the over state.
Numbers. The width and height of the image files.
Constant. The base directory where your custom images are located. Default is your project folder (system.ResourceDirectory
).
String. The file name of the button default image (the "un-pressed" state).
This method uses two frames from an image sheet — one frame each for the default and over states. For this method, include a reference to the image sheet as the sheet
parameter. Then specify the frame numbers from the image sheet as defaultFrame
and overFrame
respectively.
ImageSheet. The image sheet object for the button.
Number. The index number for the default frame of the button (the "un-pressed" state).
Number. The index number for the over frame of the button (the "pressed" state).
This method uses 9 slices from an image sheet which are assembled internally to create
Numbers. The flexible width and height of the 9-slice button.
ImageSheet. The image sheet object for the button.
Numbers. The default ("un-pressed") and over ("pressed") frames of the middle fill region.
Numbers. The default ("un-pressed") and over ("pressed") frames of the top-left corner.
Numbers. The default ("un-pressed") and over ("pressed") frames of the top-middle side.
Numbers. The default ("un-pressed") and over ("pressed") frames of the top-right corner.
Numbers. The default ("un-pressed") and over ("pressed") frames of the middle-right side.
Numbers. The default ("un-pressed") and over ("pressed") frames of the bottom-right corner.
Numbers. The default ("un-pressed") and over ("pressed") frames of the bottom-middle side.
Numbers. The default ("un-pressed") and over ("pressed") frames of the bottom-left corner.
Numbers. The default ("un-pressed") and over ("pressed") frames of the middle-left side.
local widget = require( "widget" )
-- Function to handle button events
local function handleButtonEvent( event )
if ( "ended" == event.phase ) then
print( "Button was pressed and released" )
end
end
-- Create the button
local myButton = widget.newButton
{
left = 100,
top = 200,
id = "button1",
label = "Default",
onEvent = handleButtonEvent
}
local widget = require( "widget" )
-- Function to handle button events
local function handleButtonEvent( event )
if ( "ended" == event.phase ) then
print( "Button was pressed and released" )
end
end
local myButton = widget.newButton
{
width = 240,
height = 120,
defaultFile = "buttonDefault.png",
overFile = "buttonOver.png",
label = "button",
onEvent = handleButtonEvent
}
-- Change the button's label text
myButton:setLabel( "2-Image" )
local widget = require( "widget" )
-- Function to handle button events
local function handleButtonEvent( event )
if ( "ended" == event.phase ) then
print( "Button was pressed and released" )
end
end
-- Image sheet options and declaration
local options = {
width = 240,
height = 120,
numFrames = 2,
sheetContentWidth = 480,
sheetContentHeight = 120
}
local buttonSheet = graphics.newImageSheet( "buttonSheet.png", options )
local myButton = widget.newButton
{
sheet = buttonSheet,
defaultFrame = 1,
overFrame = 2,
label = "button",
onEvent = handleButtonEvent
}
-- Change the button's label text
myButton:setLabel( "2-Frame" )
local widget = require( "widget" )
-- Function to handle button events
local function handleButtonEvent( event )
if ( "ended" == event.phase ) then
print( "Button was pressed and released" )
end
end
-- Image sheet options and declaration
local options = {
frames =
{
{ x=0, y=0, width=21, height=21 },
{ x=21, y=0, width=198, height=21 },
{ x=219, y=0, width=21, height=21 },
{ x=0, y=21, width=21, height=78 },
{ x=21, y=21, width=198, height=78 },
{ x=219, y=21, width=21, height=78 },
{ x=0, y=99, width=21, height=21 },
{ x=21, y=99, width=198, height=21 },
{ x=219, y=99, width=21, height=21 },
{ x=240, y=0, width=21, height=21 },
{ x=261, y=0, width=198, height=21 },
{ x=459, y=0, width=21, height=21 },
{ x=240, y=21, width=21, height=78 },
{ x=261, y=21, width=198, height=78 },
{ x=459, y=21, width=21, height=78 },
{ x=240, y=99, width=21, height=21 },
{ x=261, y=99, width=198, height=21 },
{ x=459, y=99, width=21, height=21 }
},
sheetContentWidth = 480,
sheetContentHeight = 120
}
local buttonSheet = graphics.newImageSheet( "buttonSheet.png", options )
local myButton = widget.newButton
{
width = 340,
height = 100,
sheet = buttonSheet,
topLeftFrame = 1,
topMiddleFrame = 2,
topRightFrame = 3,
middleLeftFrame = 4,
middleFrame = 5,
middleRightFrame = 6,
bottomLeftFrame = 7,
bottomMiddleFrame = 8,
bottomRightFrame = 9,
topLeftOverFrame = 10,
topMiddleOverFrame = 11,
topRightOverFrame = 12,
middleLeftOverFrame = 13,
middleOverFrame = 14,
middleRightOverFrame = 15,
bottomLeftOverFrame = 16,
bottomMiddleOverFrame = 17,
bottomRightOverFrame = 18,
label = "button"
}
-- Change the button's label text
myButton:setLabel( "9-Slice" )


WITNESS LIST Nominations Committee March 3, 2003 - 3:00P Board of Protective and Regulatory Services FOR: Castle, John Retired (Self) Dept. of Protective Regulatory Service Board FOR: Crews, Anne Vice President Mary Kay Inc (Self) Manufactured Housing Board FOR: Davis, Jack Rancher (Self) Moreno, Clement Pete Vice President (Self) Tavarez, Joan C. (Self) Office of Public Utility Counsel FOR: McClellan, Suzi Ray Attorney (Self) Public Utility Commission FOR: Klein, Rebecca (Self) Registering, but not testifying: On: Lanford, Lane (Julie Parsley) Lanford, Lane (Rebecca Klein) Public Utility Commission of Texas FOR: Caruthers-Parsley, Julie (Self) Registering, but not testifying: For: Golden, Phillip T. Consultant (Julie Caruthers Parsley) Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs FOR: Bogany, Shadrick Real Estate Broker (Self) Gonzalez, Vidal Banker (Self) ON: Anderson, Elizabeth (Self) Texas Department of Housing and Communtiy Affairs FOR: Jones, Mike Attorney (Self) Texas Housing and Community Affairs FOR: Salinas, Norberto Developer (Self) Texas Workers Comensation Commission FOR: Smith, Richard Real Estate Broker (Self) Texas Workers Compensation Board Registering, but not testifying: On: Reynolds, Richard F. (Texas Workers Compensation Board) Texas Workers Compensation Commission FOR: Hachtman, Mike Vice President (Self) Wilkerson, Eddie Police Officer (Self)


Hello!
I'm Molly.
Full-Stack
I'm a full-stack developer leveraging both a strong science and communications background. I am currently enrolled at GA Tech's Full-Stack coding bootcamp and I'm seeking my first job in front-end or full-stack development. Prior to a career in tech, I worked as a broadcast meteorologist for 5 years in the Great Plains and in my hometown of Atlanta and still occasionally freelance on TV.
View Portfolio View ResumeI will graduate with my certificate from Georgia Tech's coding bootcamp in early March 2021. The bootcamp is a 12-week, full-time intensive program focused on gaining technical programming skills in HTML5, CSS3, Javascript, JQuery, Bootstrap, Node Js, MySQL, MongoDB, Express, Handlebars.js & ReactJS. Skills
Frontend
- HTML5
- CSS
- Javascript
- Node
- React
Backend
- Python
- MySQL
- MongoDB
Other
- Bootstrap
- Bulma
- Wireframing