This module provides basic low-level "system" services; e.g.,
character output, printf-like output, and exit handling.
| const System_STATUS_UNKNOWN |
|
Unknown exit status value
#define System_STATUS_UNKNOWN (Int)0xCAFE
DETAILS
When the program exits by calling
System_exit() the
System's
atexit functions are passed the status value passed to
System_exit(). However, if the program exits using
the ANSI C Standard Library
exit() function, the
System's
atexit
functions are passed
System_STATUS_UNKNOWN; ANSI C
atexit
functions are not passed the exit status.
| typedef System_AbortFxn |
|
System abort function prototype
typedef Void (*System_AbortFxn)();
DETAILS
Functions of this type can be plugged into System's abort function
that will be executed during abnormal application termination.
SEE
| typedef System_AtexitHandler |
|
System's atexit function prototype
typedef Void (*System_AtexitHandler)(Int);
DETAILS
Functions of this type can be added to the list of functions that
are executed during application termination.
SEE
| typedef System_ExitFxn |
|
System exit function prototype
typedef Void (*System_ExitFxn)(Int);
DETAILS
Functions of this type can be plugged into System's exit function that
will be executed during normal application termination.
SEE
| config System_A_cannotFitIntoArg // module-wide |
|
Assert that the target's Float type fits in an IArg
extern const Assert_Id System_A_cannotFitIntoArg;
DETAILS
This assertion is triggered when the %f format specifier is used,
the argument treated as an IArg, but for the current target
sizeof(Float) > sizeof(IArg).
| config System_abortFxn // module-wide |
|
Abort handler function
DETAILS
This configuration parameter allows user to plug in their own abort
function. By default
abortStd which calls ANSI C Standard
abort() is plugged in. Alternatively
abortSpin can be
plugged which loops infinitely.
| config System_exitFxn // module-wide |
|
Exit handler function
DETAILS
This configuration parameter allows user to plug in their own exit
function. By default
exitStd which calls ANSI C Standard
exit() is plugged in. Alternatively
exitSpin can be
plugged which loops infinitely.
| config System_maxAtexitHandlers // module-wide |
|
Maximum number of dynamic atexit handlers allowed in the system
extern const Int System_maxAtexitHandlers;
DETAILS
Maximum number of
System atexit handlers set during runtime via
the
System.atexit function.
| System_abort() // module-wide |
|
Print a message and abort currently running executable
Void System_abort(CString str);
ARGUMENTS
str
abort message (not a format string)
DETAILS
This is called when an executable abnormally terminates.
The
System gate is entered, the
SupportProxy's
abort function is called
and then
abortFxn is called.
No exit functions bound via
System_atexit() or the ANSI C Standard
Library
atexit() functions are executed.
| System_abortSpin() // module-wide |
|
Lightweight implementation of abortFxn function
DETAILS
This functions loops indefinitely. This can used as an alternative
abortFxn when a lightweight implementation is
required instead of the ANSI C Standard
abort().
| System_abortStd() // module-wide |
|
ANSI C Standard implementation of abortFxn function
DETAILS
This function calls ANSI C Standard
abort() to terminate currently
running executable. This function is used by default in
abortFxn.
| System_aprintf() // module-wide |
|
printf where all optional arguments are IArgs
Int System_aprintf(CString fmt, ...);
DETAILS
This function will treat each argument as though it was widened to be
of type
IArg prior to being passed to the
printf function
SEE
| System_asprintf() // module-wide |
|
sprintf where all optional arguments are IArgs
Int System_asprintf(Char buf[], CString fmt, ...);
DETAILS
This function will treat each argument as though it was widened to be
of type
IArg prior to being passed to the
sprintf
function.
SEE
| System_atexit() // module-wide |
|
Add an exit handler
ARGUMENTS
handler
the AtexitHandler to invoke during system
exit processing.
DETAILS
System_atexit pushes
handler onto an internal stack of functions
to be executed when system is exiting (e.g.
System_exit is called).
Up to
maxAtexitHandlers functions can be specified in this
manner. During the exit processing, the functions are popped off the
internal stack and called until the stack is empty.
The System gate is entered before the System_atexit functions
are called.
The
SupportProxy's
ISystemSupport.exit function is called
after all the atexit functions are called.
RETURNS
If FALSE is returned, the exit handler was not added and it will
not be called during an exit.
| System_avprintf() // module-wide |
|
vprintf where all optional arguments are IArgs
Int System_avprintf(CString fmt, VaList va);
DETAILS
This function will treat each argument as though it was widened to be
of type
IArg prior to being passed to the
vprintf
function.
SEE
| System_avsprintf() // module-wide |
|
vsprintf where all optional arguments are IArgs
Int System_avsprintf(Char buf[], CString fmt, VaList va);
DETAILS
This function is identical to
sprintf except that
its arguments are passed via a
VaList (a "varargs list").
This function will treat each argument as though it was widened to be
of type IArg prior to being passed to the vsprintf function
SEE
| System_exit() // module-wide |
|
Exit currently running executable
Void System_exit(Int stat);
ARGUMENTS
stat
exit status to return to calling environment.
DETAILS
This function is called when an executable needs to terminate
normally. This function processes all functions bound via
System_atexit and then calls
exitFxn. The
SupportProxy's
exit function is called during this time.
| System_exitSpin() // module-wide |
|
Implements an exitFxn function
Void System_exitSpin(Int stat);
ARGUMENTS
stat
exit status to return to calling environment.
DETAILS
This functions loops indefinitely. This can used as an alternative
exitFxn when a light weight implementation is
required instead of the ANSI C Standard
exit().
| System_exitStd() // module-wide |
|
Implements an exitFxn function
Void System_exitStd(Int stat);
ARGUMENTS
stat
exit status to return to calling environment.
DETAILS
This function calls ANSI C Standard
exit() to terminate currently
running executable normally. This function is used by default in
exitFxn.
| System_flush() // module-wide |
|
Flush standard System I/O
DETAILS
This function causes any buffered output characters are "written"
to the output device.
The
SupportProxy's
flush function is called
by this function.
| System_printf() // module-wide |
|
A smaller faster printf
Int System_printf(CString fmt, ...);
ARGUMENTS
fmt
a 'printf-style' format string
DETAILS
This function behaves much like the ANSI C Standard printf
but does not support the full range of format strings specified by
the C Standard. In addition, several non-standard format specifiers
are recognized.
FORMAT STRINGS
The format string is a character string composed of zero or
more directives: ordinary characters (not %), which are copied
unchanged to the output stream; and conversion specifications, each of
which results in fetching zero or more subsequent arguments. Each
conversion specification is introduced by the character %, and ends
with a conversion specifier. In between there may be (in this order)
zero or more flags, an optional minimum field width, an optional
precision and an optional length modifier.
FLAGS
The following flags are supported:
- -
-
The converted value is to be left adjusted on the field
boundary (the default is right justification.)
- 0
-
The value should be zero padded. For d, i, o, u, and x
conversions, the converted value is padded on the left
with zeros rather than blanks.
FIELD WIDTH
The optional field width specifier is a decimal digit string (with
nonzero first digit) specifying a minimum field width. If the
converted value has fewer characters than the field width, it will
be padded with spaces on the left (or right, if the left-adjustment
flag has been given). Instead of a decimal digit string one may
write * to specify that the field width is given in the next
argument. A negative field width is taken as a '-' flag followed
by a positive field width.
PRECISION
The optional precision specifier is a period ('.') followed by an
optional decimal digit string. Instead of a decimal digit string
one may write * to specify that the precision is given in the
next argument which must be of type int.
If the precision is given as just '.', or the precision is
negative, the precision is taken to be zero. This gives the
minimum number of digits to appear for d, i, o, u, and x
conversions, or the maximum number of characters to be printed from
a string for s conversions.
LENGTH MODIFIERS
The optional length modifier is a single character from the following
list.
- l
-
A following integer conversion corresponds to a long int
or unsigned long int argument
CONVERSION SPECIFIERS
The following conversion specifiers are supported.
- d, i
-
signed integer
- u
-
unsigned decimal
- x
-
unsigned hex
- o
-
unsigned octal
- p
-
pointer (@ + hex num)
- c
-
character
- s
-
string
EXTENDED CONVERSION SPECIFIERS
The following conversion specifiers are optionally supported. See
the
extendedFormats configuration parameter for more
information about how to enable these conversion specifiers.
- f
-
decimal floating point.
- $
-
non-ANSI conversion prefix. This prefix indicates that the
next character identifies a non-ANSI standard conversion. See
the next section for details.
NON ANSI CONVERSION SPECIFIERS
Among the extended conversion specifiers are unique specifiers which
are not part of ANSI printf. These are specified using a $, for
example %$L.
These unique specifiers do not support the minimum field width
attribute. Certain specifiers have additional restrictions; see below.
- '$L'
-
The argument is treated as a pointer to a Types.Label
and is converted to an appropriate string.
- '$F'
-
Displays a file and line number; used for displaying the call
site. This specifier consumes two arguments, the file and line
number, in that order. See an example below.
- '$S'
-
The argument is treated as a format string, and is recursively
formatted using any following arguments. This specifier does
not support the use of the "precision" field for specifying
maximum string length.
The following are example uses of the %$F and %$S format specifiers.
In this call using %$F, the compiler recognizes these symbols and
fills in the file and line number.
System_printf("%$F", __FILE__, __LINE__);
This call outputs, for example,
Here is an example using %$S, passing a recursive format string.
System_printf("Msg: %$S", "My msg, code: %d", 5);
This outputs:
RETURNS
printf returns the number of characters printed.
| System_processAtExit() // module-wide |
|
Processes all functions bound via System_atexit
Void System_processAtExit(Int stat);
ARGUMENTS
stat
exit status which will be passed to all functions
processed.
DETAILS
This function is called by System_exit to process all functions
bound via System_atexit. User can add this to ANSI C standard
atexit function so that all functions bound via System_atexit are
processed when ANSI C standard exit function is called.
| System_putch() // module-wide |
|
Output a single character
Void System_putch(Char ch);
ARGUMENTS
ch
character to be output.
DETAILS
The
SupportProxy's
putch function is called
by this function.
| System_snprintf() // module-wide |
|
Write formated output to a character buffer
Int System_snprintf(Char buf[], SizeT n, CString fmt, ...);
ARGUMENTS
buf
a character output buffer
n
the maximum number of characters, including '\0', written to
the output buffer buf
fmt
a 'printf-style' format string
DETAILS
This function is identical to
sprintf except that at most
n characters are copied to the specified character buffer
buf.
If n is zero, nothing is written to character buffer. Otherwise,
output characters beyond the
n - 1 are discarded rather than
being written to the character buf, and a null character is written
at the end of the characters written into the buffer.
RETURNS
snprintf returns the number of characters that would have been
written had n been sufficiently large, not counting the terminating
'\0' character. However, if extended conversion specifiers are used
(@see #printf), the return value may be lower than the number of
characters that would be written had n been sufficiently large.
| System_sprintf() // module-wide |
|
Write formated output to a character buffer
Int System_sprintf(Char buf[], CString fmt, ...);
ARGUMENTS
buf
a character output buffer
fmt
a 'printf-style' format string
DETAILS
This function is identical to
printf except that the
output is copied to the specified character buffer
buf followed
by a terminating '\0' character.
RETURNS
sprintf returns the number of characters output not including the
'\0' termination character.
| System_vprintf() // module-wide |
|
A VaList printf
Int System_vprintf(CString fmt, VaList va);
ARGUMENTS
fmt
a standard 'printf-style' format string.
va
an args list that points to the arguments referenced
by the fmt string
DETAILS
This function is identical to
printf except that its
arguments are passed via a VaList (a "varargs list").
RETURNS
vprintf returns the number of characters output.
| System_vsnprintf() // module-wide |
|
A VaList snprintf
Int System_vsnprintf(Char buf[], SizeT n, CString fmt, VaList va);
ARGUMENTS
buf
a character output buffer
n
at most number of characters including '\0' written to
output buffer
fmt
a standard 'printf-style' format string.
va
an arguments list that points to the arguments referenced
by the fmt string
DETAILS
This function is identical to
snprintf except that
its arguments are passed via a
VaList (a "varargs list").
RETURNS
vsnprintf returns the number of characters that would have been
written had n been sufficiently large, not counting the terminating
'\0' character. However, if extended conversion specifiers are used
(@see #printf), the return value may be lower than the number of
characters that would be written had n been sufficiently large.
| System_vsprintf() // module-wide |
|
A VaList sprintf
Int System_vsprintf(Char buf[], CString fmt, VaList va);
ARGUMENTS
buf
a character output buffer
fmt
a standard 'printf-style' format string.
va
an arguments list that points to the arguments referenced
by the fmt string
DETAILS
This function is identical to
sprintf except that
its arguments are passed via a
VaList (a "varargs list").
RETURNS
vsprintf returns the number of characters output.
| Module-Wide Built-Ins |
|
// Get this module's unique id
Bool System_Module_startupDone();
// Test if this module has completed startup
// The heap from which this module allocates memory
Bool System_Module_hasMask();
// Test whether this module has a diagnostics mask
Bits16 System_Module_getMask();
// Returns the diagnostics mask for this module
Void System_Module_setMask(Bits16 mask);
// Set the diagnostics mask for this module


Just connect to all the services you would like to sync between, click "Synchronize now," then forget ever reading this sentence.
Do I need to re-connect my accounts every time?
No! Just connect to any one of the services you have already connected, and you will be signed back into tapiriik and ready to start another synchronization.
Do I need to visit tapiriik.com to sync activities?
For $2/year, synchronization is fully automatic. If you can't manage that, you can visit tapiriik.com as often as you want to manually trigger a synchronization.
Synchronizing activities once costs almost nothing. Doing it 24 times a day, 365 days a year: less so. You paying $2 a year covers these costs so tapiriik will always run smoothly.
Which activities get synchronized?
All supported activities in your account are synchronized, not just new ones. Manually entered activities are supported, but are not currently being synchronized to TrainingPeaks (still some bugs to work out there).
Will tapiriik create duplicate activities?
Nope - even if you tracked the same activity on multiple devices, or with multiple apps, tapiriik will see that and won't create any duplicate activities.
What about activities I've marked as private?
By default, tapiriik will not sync private activities. If you wish, you can opt to have private activities synchronized. tapiriik tries to keep private activities private, but not all services support private activities, so you should be cognizant of your privacy settings across all of your accounts.
What data gets synchronized?
As much as possible: in addition to your path, tapiriik will also sync distance, speed, heart rate, cadence, power, calories burned and even temperature between all services which support them.
The activity statistics changed after a sync!
Discrepancies in activity statistics, like elevation gained/lost or calories burned, appear when services use different algorithms to calculate the same values. tapiriik does not calculate these during synchronization.
Can I view which activities were synchronized?
When logged in, you can visit the activities dashboard to see which activities were (or were not) synchronized, and to where.
Can I sync in only one direction?
Yes: before triggering a sync, open up the options for the service in question and tweak as desired. These preferences are applied to all activities - even after they've been synchronized to other services.
What are "untagged activities" and why do I care?
GPX and TCX files in your Dropbox don't include information about the type of activity they contain. You need to include the type of the activity in the file name, or place the file in an appropriately named folder.
Who is "tapiriik sync" on Garmin Connect?
To enable efficient synchronization, tapiriik adds a special user to your Garmin Connect connections. You should never accept a separate connection request from a user like this; the process is fully automatic. Read more.
Does tapiriik ever modify or delete my activities?
No. Simple as that.
What data is stored on your servers?
As little as is required. Check out the privacy page for more.
How do I connect more services?
Just sign into any one of the services you already connected, then sign into the new service (or the other way around, it doesn't matter). The new service will be synchronized with all the others.
Will tapiriik support Activity Tracking Site X?
Possibly. I've had very little time to add additional services while at the same time maintaining those already available.
What about the new Garmin/TrainingPeaks sync?
Feel free to use it - I haven't had any reports of duplicate activities from using both the official Garmin Connect/TrainingPeaks connection and tapiriik at the same time.
Can tapiriik and CopyMySports be used together?
I wouldn't recommend it - CopyMySports will often create duplicates of activities tapiriik has already synchronized.
The logo's another language - what's up?
The best journeys answer questions that, in the beginning, you didn't even think to ask - Jeff Johnson


How to Create ‘System Restore’ Points in Ubuntu 18.04
Since I moved up all my work stuff into Linux (mostly Ubuntu 18.04) I’ve been exploring more and more on how to perfect my work environment. Last thing we all need is to not have backups in place. Specially if its a work environment. For that we have TimeShift.
Timeshift for Linux is an application that provides functionality similar to the System Restore feature in Windows and the Time Machine tool in Mac OS. Timeshift protects your system by taking incremental snapshots of the file system at regular intervals. These snapshots can be restored at a later date to undo all changes to the system.
Basically you have two modes:
In RSYNC mode, snapshots are taken using rsync and hard-links. Common files are shared between snapshots which saves disk space. Each snapshot is a full system backup that can be browsed with a file manager.
In BTRFS mode, snapshots are taken using the in-built features of the BTRFS filesystem. BTRFS snapshots are supported only on BTRFS systems having an Ubuntu-type subvolume layout (with @ and @home subvolumes).
Snapshots are saved by default on the system (root) partition in path /timeshift. Other linux partitions can also be selected. For best results the snapshots should be saved to an external (non-system) partition.
Multiple levels of snapshots can be enabled - Hourly, Daily, Weekly, Monthly and Boot
Installation
Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Elementary OS, etc.
Packages are available in the Launchpad PPA for supported Ubuntu releases. Run the following commands in a terminal window:
$ sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:teejee2008/ppa
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install timeshift
That was easy right? :)


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HOW WE WORK
We all have that feeling of guilt when we have to abandon the stuff which we are not using anymore.We all have old books,toys, clothes and so many other things which are not useful to us but it can be to someone else.We don’t know what to do with these things and we either throw them or they keep lying somewhere in the corner of our house getting dusted.
Its now time that we try to give these things a new life. Donating your old things to the needy ones can help someone them so much. Your old can become someones gold.
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WHAT WE OFFER
Have you ever asked yourself: Which are the organizations where I can give away my old household items? Where can I donate my stuff ? Can someone pick up the donations from my home/office? Can I know the requirements of the NGOs near me and fulfill them on my birthday? Your all the questions are answered bye HUMANE! Just go through our website and you will know everything about making a donation. Its now time that we try to give these things a new life. Donating your old things to the needy ones can help someone them so much. Your old can become someones gold.
Humane is a platform which helps people get a designated place to donate books, clothes, stationery, shoes, sanitary products or even cash for the needy. It encourages people to donate more as they can see their efforts making a difference in the lives of the needy.
Humane makes it super easy for you to make donations. Just schedule a pickup and get the donations picked up from your doorstep. Spreading Happiness is just a click away!!
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I'm a Web Developer who is passionate about learning and solving problems. I have experience with JavaScript, the MERN Stack, Ruby on Rails, and enjoy working in an agile environment. I was first introduced to web development when I learned how to use digital marketing to grow my first business. I have a background in building relationships with clients and creating teams from my experiences as a gym owner and Army Ranger.


We have a wide range of package design for our Products and ensure safety under the package. We repackage bulk products into bags, steel or fiber drums, totes, supersacks or any unique custom packaging you require.
We provide full service logistics of products from international ports directly to your door.
Our consulting services will help you to choose the right products of your needs. It will recommend and guide you on different utilization procedure.
We are willing to build a strong and trustworthy partnerships with our customer. We create a mutual benefit circumstances between our customer and us.
We offer Adhesive and Sealant Cartridges, Cases, Compasite Packs, Corrugated Pallets, Dangerous Good Packaging, heavy duty corrugated packaging,Open Mouths Sacks, Pallet Sacks, Paper Bags-Industrial, Scuff resistant packaging, slip sheet and many others...
International Import and Export. We are expanding our delivery from worldwide. Ensuring that your product will reach on your door. Our company has strong collaboration with exporting company that work with us for several year.
Our consulting services anlayse your business needs, in order for you to choose the right product of your needs
We build strond hand and trustworthy relationships with our customer. Our partnerships contract will provide you to enjoy more the services offered by us and allow you to get special price from us.
Our facilities have the ability to blend and package both liquid and dry materials to meet your specific needs. Our technical staff will handle the procurement, formulation, and packaging of an end product to meet your company’s exact needs.
We also provide short and long-term warehousing and storage options
Rather than pay expensive fees to have your chemicals or by-products disposed off, think of sysco Bristow resources. We are in a unique position to handle your expired, contaminated, or non-virgin products.
We have the ability to manage and maintain your raw material supply chain. This is done through our extensive network of chemical manufacturers and suppliers, in house logistics coordination, and an overall awareness of customer needs


Documentation is easy.
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--- layout: post title: Moving The Security Theater Elsewhere date: 2013-07-29 09:00:00.000000000 -07:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: [] tags: - administrivia meta: _publicize_pending: '1' author: login: phoneboy email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Dameon Welch first_name: '' last_name: '' ---
I decided to move PhoneBoy's Security Theater off of Wordpress onto Posthaven.
On the plus side, it's one less instance of Wordpress to maintain. On the minus side, I had to copy/paste the old articles in since there is no way to import Wordpress as of yet. But it was under 100 articles and it was kind of nice to see my thoughts on security from the last several years again.
The reality is, the threats haven't changed. We've had to evolve the tools in order to address increasingly complex threats. You can look at Check Point's own product evolution to get a sense of that.
Also, the basics haven't changed. A lot of security risks can be sufficiently mitigated by properly segmenting your networks, using sufficiently complex passwords that are unique, proper monitoring of the logs of your security devices, and keeping your software up-to-date with the latest security patches.


Hello, <%= username %>.
“I didn't choose the thug life, the thug life chose me.” ― Tupac Shakur
Type some text (if you like):
Please specify a file, or a set of files:


IIP
Raising awareness to people, about plastic waste!
ADDRESS
Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai
Feedback
Email us, if you have any queries or if you want to be a part of us!
1
Wean yourself off disposable plastics
2
Use reusable produce bags
3
Give up chewing gums and buy stuff in bulk
4


Latex is new format typesetting for researchers, especially for writing paper and books. You can use its grammer and tools to export perfect documents. Today we want to deploy the Latex enviroment for Mac. As all we know, Sublime Text is a good editor tool for Promgramer and Web developer, not just only because it has a beatiful theme but also has many plugins. Latextools is another Latex tool for Sublime Text. In order to finish this, we need to install the following programs step by step.
Step1: install Mactex
Mactex is the base latex enviroment for Mac. You can download the latest MacTex.pkg and install as usual.
Step2: install Sublime Text
Sublime Text is a commerce software but could use for free. It will be our text editor for Latex.
After you have installed the sublime text, you also need to install some packages:
- Need to install Sublime package control;
- Install Latextools. Open sublime and press “Command+Shift+P” to open the command pallet. Alternatively you can find it in the Tools menu. Start typing “Install Package” and you’ll find it auto-completes if for you. Select and hit “Enter”.
Step3: install Skim
Skim is free pdf reader for Mac.
- Download and install SKIM PDF viewer.
- Open Skim, go to Preferences > Sync.
- Uncheck “Check for file changes” option.
- Under Preset type “Custom”.
- Run Command as below:
The detail comand:
/Applications/Sublime Text 2.app/Contents/SharedSupport/bin/subl
Finally set Arguments to:
"%file":%line
Step4: configure
- If you could see the live preview with your documents, just say you want to see two windows(sublime and skim) on the Mac screen, you need to install Moom software.
- If you want to write some Chinese paper with latex, you also need to solve the font problems, you can see it from here,solve the Chinese problem with Latex.
Materials about Latex
If you are a newbie for Latex, you need some usefull links, here is my current learn list.
- Latex video by ChinaTex
- CTEX : OnlineDocuments
- The Not So Short Introduction to LATEX 2ε
- Latex Template Download


{% extends "header.html" %} {% block body %}
To round off our intro to tkinter, I will be showing how to add text and images to your window. We're going to make them show conditionally, to illustrate how simple it is to make the windows interactive.
# Simple enough, just import everything from tkinter. from tkinter import * #download and install pillow: # http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pillow from PIL import Image, ImageTk # Here, we are creating our class, Window, and inheriting from the Frame # class. Frame is a class from the tkinter module. (see Lib/tkinter/__init__) class Window(Frame): # Define settings upon initialization. Here you can specify def __init__(self, master=None): # parameters that you want to send through the Frame class. Frame.__init__(self, master) #reference to the master widget, which is the tk window self.master = master #with that, we want to then run init_window, which doesn't yet exist self.init_window() #Creation of init_window def init_window(self): # changing the title of our master widget self.master.title("GUI") # allowing the widget to take the full space of the root window self.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1) # creating a menu instance menu = Menu(self.master) self.master.config(menu=menu) # create the file object) file = Menu(menu) # adds a command to the menu option, calling it exit, and the # command it runs on event is client_exit file.add_command(label="Exit", command=self.client_exit) #added "file" to our menu menu.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file) # create the file object) edit = Menu(menu) # adds a command to the menu option, calling it exit, and the # command it runs on event is client_exit edit.add_command(label="Show Img", command=self.showImg) edit.add_command(label="Show Text", command=self.showText) #added "file" to our menu menu.add_cascade(label="Edit", menu=edit) def showImg(self): load = Image.open("chat.png") render = ImageTk.PhotoImage(load) # labels can be text or images img = Label(self, image=render) img.image = render img.place(x=0, y=0) def showText(self): text = Label(self, text="Hey there good lookin!") text.pack() def client_exit(self): exit() # root window created. Here, that would be the only window, but # you can later have windows within windows. root = Tk() root.geometry("400x300") #creation of an instance app = Window(root) #mainloop root.mainloop()
Result:


Live ISS video screensaver
Since April 2014, NASA has been streaming high-definition live video of the Earth's surface from the International Space Station. This makes it possible to set your desktop background or screensaver to this feed, so you can have the same office view as the astronauts aboard the ISS. I've fallen in love with it: Due to the speed of low Earth orbit, there's always something new to see, and a gorgeous sunrise/sunset every 45 minutes. Check it out:
There are currently two live feeds: The HDEV exterior feed and an ISS webcam feed which changes depending on what's going on aboard the station, and sometimes shows the astronauts at work. Switch between the two views using the button at the bottom left. Note that about half the time, there's nothing to see, because the ISS is on the dark side of the Earth.
How to set it up
See instructions for Windows or instructions for OS X.
Instructions for Windows users
- Download web-page-screensaver.
- To install, right-click on the downloaded file and click 'Install', or save it into the Windows/System32 folder.. If you have trouble, try these instructions.
- Change the screensaver to Web Page Screensaver in Screen properties.
- Open Settings and set the URL to http://richardwestenra.com/iss/.
Instructions for Mac OS X users
- Download websaver.
- Open the dmg file and install the screensaver. If you have trouble, try these instructions.
- Change the screensaver to websaver in System Preferences > Desktop & Screensaver.
- Open 'Screen Saver Options' and set the URL to http://richardwestenra.com/iss/.
Alternatively, OSX users can choose to download and install the native screensaver files. These are slightly easier to install, but they don't include a map or the ability to switch feed.
If you have any trouble, please let me know in the comments below.
About the HDEV stream
The High Definition Earth Viewing (HDEV) experiment aboard the ISS was activated April 30, 2014. It is mounted on the External Payload Facility of the European Space Agency’s Columbus module. This experiment includes several commercial HD video cameras aimed at the earth which are enclosed in a pressurized and temperature controlled housing. Video from these cameras is transmitted back to earth and also streamed live on this channel. While the experiment is operational, views will typically sequence though the different cameras. Between camera switches, a gray and then black color slate will briefly appear. Since the ISS is in darkness during part of each orbit, the images will be dark at those times. During periods of loss of signal with the ground or when HDEV is not operating, a gray color slate or previously recorded video may be seen.
Analysis of this experiment will be conducted to assess the effects of the space environment on the equipment and video quality which may help decisions about cameras for future missions. High school students helped with the design of some of the HDEV components through the High Schools United with NASA to Create Hardware (HUNCH) program. Student teams will also help operate the experiment. To learn more about the HDEV experiment, visit here.
via Ustream
Credits
I borrowed most of the code for this project from Vladimir Sobolev's version, but stripped out the audio and added the ability to switch feeds between HDEV and internal feeds. If you prefer a version with audio, check out his site.
The background image of Morocco and Spain used on this page is courtesy of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.


PL/SQL Instrumentation Toolkit (PIT)
A framework for logging, debugging, error handling and messaging in PL/SQL
Generated by Natural Docs
© ConDeS GmbH & Co. KG


Manga Info
Shingeki no Kyojin
Login to add items to your list, keep track of your progress, and rate series!
Description
In a world entirely ruled by giants, the human race, which has turned into their food, has
surrounded its residential zones with immense walls, which both prevent their freedom outside the
walls and protect them from incursions. However, as a result of the appearance of supergiants who
cross the wall, a desperate struggle begins and the young heroes, who have lost their parents, fight
the giant as a training corps, with a view to regaining their freedom.
Note: Won the Kodansha Manga Award in the shōnen category in 2011, was nominated for the 4th annual Manga Taishō award and also for the ... More...
Note: Won the Kodansha Manga Award in the shōnen category in 2011, was nominated for the 4th annual Manga Taishō award and also for the ... More...
In a world entirely ruled by giants, the human race, which has turned into their food, has
surrounded its residential zones with immense walls, which both prevent their freedom outside the
walls and protect them from incursions. However, as a result of the appearance of supergiants who
cross the wall, a desperate struggle begins and the young heroes, who have lost their parents, fight
the giant as a training corps, with a view to regaining their freedom.
Note: Won the Kodansha Manga Award in the shōnen category in 2011, was nominated for the 4th annual Manga Taishō award and also for the the 16th and 18th annual Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize. Less...
Note: Won the Kodansha Manga Award in the shōnen category in 2011, was nominated for the 4th annual Manga Taishō award and also for the the 16th and 18th annual Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize. Less...
Type
Manga
Related Series
Shingeki no Kyojin - Before the Fall
(Prequel)
Shingeki no Kyojin - Before the Fall (Novel) (Prequel)
Shingeki no Kyojin - End of the World (Novel) (Alternate Story)
Shingeki no Kyojin - Hitori Koma Okiri (Side Story)
Shingeki no Kyojin - Kakuzetsu Toshi no Joou (Novel) (Side Story)
Shingeki no Kyojin - Lost Girls (Side Story)
Shingeki no Kyojin - Lost Girls (Novel) (Side Story)
Shingeki no Kyojin (Guide Book) (Spin-Off)
Shingeki no Kyojin Gaiden - Kuinaki Sentaku (Side Story)
Shingeki! Kyojin Chuugakkou (Spin-Off)
Shingeki! Kyojin Chuugakkou ~ Seishun (Spin-Off)
Sungeki no Kyojin (Spin-Off)
Shingeki no Kyojin - Before the Fall (Novel) (Prequel)
Shingeki no Kyojin - End of the World (Novel) (Alternate Story)
Shingeki no Kyojin - Hitori Koma Okiri (Side Story)
Shingeki no Kyojin - Kakuzetsu Toshi no Joou (Novel) (Side Story)
Shingeki no Kyojin - Lost Girls (Side Story)
Shingeki no Kyojin - Lost Girls (Novel) (Side Story)
Shingeki no Kyojin (Guide Book) (Spin-Off)
Shingeki no Kyojin Gaiden - Kuinaki Sentaku (Side Story)
Shingeki! Kyojin Chuugakkou (Spin-Off)
Shingeki! Kyojin Chuugakkou ~ Seishun (Spin-Off)
Sungeki no Kyojin (Spin-Off)
Associated Names
Atak Tytanów (Polish)
Ataque a los Titanes (Spanish)
Ataque dos Titãs (Portugese)
Attack on Titan
L'attacco dei Giganti (Italian)
L'Attaque des Titans
L'attaque sur les titans
Titaanien sota (Finnish)
Titana Saldırı (Turkish)
Útok Titánů (Czech)
Đại Chiến Titan (Vietnamese)
Атака на титанов (Russian)
Атака титанов (Bulgarian)
الهجوم على العمالقة
حمله به تایتان (Persian)
عملاق الهجوم (Arabic)
ผ่าพิภพไททัน (Thai)
进击的巨人
進撃の巨人
진격의 거인
Ataque a los Titanes (Spanish)
Ataque dos Titãs (Portugese)
Attack on Titan
L'attacco dei Giganti (Italian)
L'Attaque des Titans
L'attaque sur les titans
Titaanien sota (Finnish)
Titana Saldırı (Turkish)
Útok Titánů (Czech)
Đại Chiến Titan (Vietnamese)
Атака на титанов (Russian)
Атака титанов (Bulgarian)
الهجوم على العمالقة
حمله به تایتان (Persian)
عملاق الهجوم (Arabic)
ผ่าพิภพไททัน (Thai)
进击的巨人
進撃の巨人
진격의 거인
Groups Scanlating
Latest Release(s)
c.116 by Fukkatsu 2 days ago
c.115 by MangaStream 27 days ago
c.115 by Fukkatsu about 1 month ago
Search for all releases of this series
c.115 by MangaStream 27 days ago
c.115 by Fukkatsu about 1 month ago
Search for all releases of this series
Status
in Country of Origin
28 Volumes (Ongoing)
Completely Scanlated?
No
Anime Start/End Chapter
Starts at Vol 1, Chap 1 (S1); Vol 8 Chap 34 (S2); Vol 13 Chap 51 (S3 Part 1)
Ends at Vol 8, Chap 33 (S1); Vol 12 Chap 50 (S2); Vol 18 Chap 72 (S3 Part 1)
Ends at Vol 8, Chap 33 (S1); Vol 12 Chap 50 (S2); Vol 18 Chap 72 (S3 Part 1)
User Reviews
Shingeki no
Kyojin by Xtrathx
Forum
15 topics, 118 posts
Click here to view the forum
Click here to view the forum
User Rating
Average: 8.6 / 10.0 (2166 votes)
Bayesian Average: 8.57 / 10.0
Bayesian Average: 8.57 / 10.0
10
38%
9+
25%
8+
19%
7+
9%
6+
4%
5+
2%
4+
1%
3+
0%
2+
1%
1+
2%
Last Updated
April 6th 2019, 11:46pm PST
Image [Report Inappropriate Content]
Genre
Action
Drama
Fantasy
Horror
Mature
Mystery
Shounen
Supernatural
Tragedy
Search for series of same genre(s)
Search for series of same genre(s)
Categories
Category Recommendations
Shingeki no Kyojin Gaiden -
Kuinaki Sentaku
Fire Punch
Koukaku Kidoutai Arise - Nemuranai Me no Otoko Sleepless Eye
Toukyou Ghoul:re
Seirei Tsukai no Kenbu (Novel)
Fire Punch
Koukaku Kidoutai Arise - Nemuranai Me no Otoko Sleepless Eye
Toukyou Ghoul:re
Seirei Tsukai no Kenbu (Novel)
Recommendations
Author(s)
Artist(s)
Year
2009
Original Publisher
Serialized In (magazine)
Bessatsu Shounen
Magazine (Kodansha)
Licensed (in English)
Yes
English Publisher
Kodansha Comics (26 Volumes - Ongoing)
Activity Stats (vs. other series)
Weekly Pos #93 (+163)
Monthly Pos #162 (-59)
3 Month Pos #119 (-31)
6 Month Pos #92 (-33)
Year Pos #58 (+1)
Monthly Pos #162 (-59)
3 Month Pos #119 (-31)
6 Month Pos #92 (-33)
Year Pos #58 (+1)
List Stats
Forum Posts Click to view the forum
about 1 year ago
over 2 years ago
over 3 years ago
over 3 years ago
over 3 years ago
User Comments
[
Order by usefulness ]
You must login to comment for this series! Register an account.


The Talented Mr. Ripley Review
Anthony Minghella's last film (The English Patient) was highly overrated, but when I heard he had a new project with an intriguing premise, I took notice. Thankfully, it's neither boring nor overrated, but rather a chilling mystery that captures your attention. The film begins with a nerdy young man named Tom Ripley (Matt Damon) who is noticed by Mr. Greenleaf. He sees that he attended Princeton the same year as his son Dickie (Jude Law) and actually knew him, so he persuades Tom to go to Europe and bring back his son for $1000. Tom accepts and leaves immediately. When he finds Dickie and his beautiful young girlfriend Marge (Gwyenth Paltrow), he makes it seem like he knew him and they give in. They become good friends, or so it seems, until Dickie becomes a little suspicious of his acts. For example he does uncanny voice impersonations, dresses up in Dickie's clothes, and he basically wants to become closer to him, even be him. Along the way Tom also gets to know Freddie (Phillip Seymour Hoffman) and the rich girl Meredith. The film soon takes a turn for the better, as Tom becomes pushed out of Dickie's life by Freddie, and ultimately ends up murdering Dickie. This stylish thriller is similar to Hitchcock, in fact they share similar qualities. Ripley's obsession with Dickie reminds me of Jimmy Stewart and KIm Novac's relationship in Vertigo. Both lead characters were greedy and didn't realize how much harm they were doing until the end. Unfortunately Ripley has some problems. The story is rushed too quickly at the beginning and is somewhat absurd at times. Within the first 5 minutes, he agrees to see Dickie, and that is that. I just found it a little strange that the beginning wasn't expanded on more. Also, when I meant that the script was somewhat absurd, I was referring to Ripley's mind. How could anyone be so smart to get away with a complicated crime like this? Even I had trouble keeping up, and it's highly unlike anyone could think up of a scheme like this. It's highly unlogical, that a person can be one step ahead everytime a conflict arises. Aside from that, the film has many enjoyable qualities. I know some people like to see action films and root for the hero, but I for one think villains are a tad bit more interesting. Take Star Wars for example, I find the dark side (Darth Vader and such) to be more interesting and far more exciting to watch on screen. With Ripley, director Anthony Minghella takes the approach of making the villain (Tom Ripley) the main focus in the film. After Dickie was killed, the audience seemed to be more involved with the film, because Ripley was a fascinating character. Sure he is unpleasant, but which villain isn't? The fact that becoming someone, is a imaginative idea, and Minghella exploits it well. Never has nastiness been so pure in a movie, and for that I applaud. Another wonderful aspect is the acting. Jude Law, Matt Damon and Gwyenth Paltrow all deserve Oscar nods as far as I'm concerned. Each character had it's own exquisite features, but Matt Damon was by far the most clever and appealing. Jude Law played a good rich kid, and afterall, he was Ripley's idol. If it hadn't been for his good acting ability, we would have never believed that anyone would want to become him, especially if he was a rich snob, with no talents what so ever, which leads me to the next character, Freddie.  People are saying how far he has come, but what has he really done? Patch Adams, Flawless? That's nothing to be proud of. I'm disgusted by him, and frankly could care less about him. Luckily he isn't in it much. Gwyenth Platrow however is as good as ever. I actually thought she did better here than she did in Shakespeare In Love. She was that good. Director Anthony Minghella also did an equally notable job. I'm glad he redeemed himself after English Patient, because I was beginning to think that's all he was going to be known for. There's also some fabulous camera shots that are worth taking notice, if you're a hard-core film buff. Good stuff. In the end, I get the sense Tom Ripley dug himself a deeper hole. What once was a simple journey, became a night of living hell for him. No matter how much he tried to cover up Dickie's death, it just made him feel worse, and he knew he had no other choice. The Talented Mr. Ripley is a very intelligent thriller, that isn't simple minded. A must see.
Grade: B+
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rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


You are using this site for
about 30 minutes. You have no tasks left to do. Still you may want to visit these sites-
1.www.uva.onlinejudge.org
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3.www.linkedin.com


Police seek suspect who allegedly assaulted man who fed his dog
by Chris Fox, CP24.comPolice have released a surveillance camera image of a man who allegedly assaulted another man after he spotted him feeding his dog outside a restaurant last month.
The victim, a 40-year-old man, was feeding a dog outside a restaurant near King and Bathurst streets at around 4:30 a.m. when the dog’s owner came out of the establishment and allegedly assaulted him.
The suspect then fled the area with the dog.
He is described as in his 30s with a medium build and short black hair. He was last seen wearing a black winter jacket and blue running shoes.
Anyone with information is asked to contact police at<PHONE_NUMBER> or Crime Stoppers anonymously at 416-222-TIPS (8477).


{{#markdown}}
This should be placed in the footer of sites that are part of the ELIXIR network; you'll need to include these two lines:
```
```
There are optional `data` attributes:
- `data-color`: set the background color; options: orange, grey, blue, green
- `data-name`: set part of the tite (data-name + "is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure")
- `data-description`: set the text in the small line of text
- `data-use-basic-styles`: if you have not loaded the Foundation Framework CSS, set to `true` and will inject a few lines of css for basic formatting
Get started:
- [Try it on CodePen](https://codepen.io/khawkins98/pen/ZXdGQO?editors=1000)
- [See an example implementation](https://wwwdev.ebi.ac.uk/style-lab/websites/sample-site/boilerplate/affiliates.html)
{{/markdown}}


Chocolate Pizza
Posted on 15 Dec 2013 / Desserts
For the fig-swirl: Melt butter over medium heat in a saucepan. Add brown sugar and stir to dissolve. Halve all of the figs and toss in the saucepan with water and lemon juice. Cook over medium heat, stirring frequently, until you have a chunky-jammy mixture. Add salt with one or two stires, set aside and let cool completely.
Ice cream: In a small pot over medium heat, combine milk, and granulated sugar until sugar is completely dissolved and milk is just barely lukewarm. Whisk in the egg yolks. Set mixture in the fridge and wait until the fig mixture is cooled.
Using and ice cream machine, pout liquids into the frozen basin and process according to manufacturer instructions, i.e., let spin and thicken for 20 minutes before adding mascarpone, fig jam mixture, and the nuts. Continue to process for +/- 10 minutes. Pour semi-frozen mixture into a pyrex dish or glass tupperware. Freeze for at least two hours before serving.
Vanessa Stevenson
Food enthusiast, photography fan. Add a pinch of raw foodism and that's pretty much who I am.


| Previous | Next | See Also |
The PRIDE XML is created to store both spectrum and protein identification related information, in addition, it allows experiment metadata to captured. PRIDE XML files contains the identification results and the spectra data in the same file. Currently, It is one of the format to use if you would like to submit your data to PRIDE. PRIDE XML files should be generated using PRIDE Converter tool to be fully compatible with PRIDE submission process.


Kraken is a lightweight boilerplate for front-end web developers. It's built to be flexible and modular, with performance and accessibility in mind.
In this section:Out-of-the-box, Kraken is a bit ugly. That's intentional.
Kraken isn't supposed to be a finished product. It's a starting point that you can adapt to any project you're working on. Add components. Remove components. Tweak the colors and font stack. Make Kraken your own.
Kraken is built mobile-first. The base structure is a fully-fluid, single-column layout. It uses @media (min-width: whatever)
to add a grid-based layout to bigger screens.
Think of it as progressive enhancement for the layout.
Kraken also includes feature detection for things like icon fonts and SVG. Just like the layout, those are served to browsers that support them, while fallback text is supplied to older and less capable browsers.
Kraken takes an OOCSS approach to web development.
Throughout the stylesheet, you'll see base styles and modifying styles. For example, .btn
sets the default button styles and behavior, while .btn-secondary
changes the color and .btn-large
changes the size. A big button with secondary colors would look like this:
<button class="btn btn-secondary btn-large">A Big Button</button>
Classes can be mixed, matched and reused throughout a project.


140_lostleaf.py
from math import pi, atan2
class Solution:
def visiblePoints(self, points: List[List[int]], angle: int, location: List[int]) -> int:
x0, y0 = location
cnt = sum(1 for x, y in points if x == x0 and y == y0)
angle *= 2 * pi / 360.0
points = [(x, y) for x, y in points if (x != x0 or y != y0)]
# print(points)
a = sorted(atan2(y - y0, x - x0) for x, y in points)
# print(a)
a = a + [x + 2 * pi for x in a]
j = 0
ans = 0
for i, x in enumerate(a[:len(a) // 2]):
while j < len(a) and a[j] - x <= angle:
j += 1
ans = max(ans, j - i)
return ans + cnt


{% if "subject" in errors or "body" in errors %}
This must be corrected to continue.
These must be corrected to continue.
{{ loop.index0 + 1 }}) {{ errors[error][0] }}


Disgusting act of vandalism
by Nicholas JohansenA Peachland couple is warning neighbours to be vigilant after a wheel came flying off their vehicle on Drought Hill – the result of an apparent act of vandalism.
On Friday, Tammy Bremner's partner was driving back to their Peachland home off Princeton Avenue, after working in Glenrosa.
“Coming down Drought Hill, he felt a massive wobble all of a sudden, and he was smart enough to pull over, and as soon as he pulled over (the wheel) fell off,” Bremner said.
Upon closer inspection, they realized all of their wheels' lug nuts had been loosened.
 I can't wrap my head around why someone would want to do that,” Bremner said.
She believes the vandalism happened at their Peachland home sometime between Thursday night and Friday morning. She doesn't think it could have occurred while her partner was at work, as he was parked inside a job site all day.
This isn't the first time Peachland and West Kelowna residents have dealt with this type of vandalism. Police have been warning the public about multiple incidents dating back to May of this year, and last June, a Peachland mother noticed her front wheels' lug nuts were loose while she was driving with her three-year-old daughter.
Bremner said she hadn't called police about her own incident.
“What can they really do, right? Nobody in my neighbourhood has cameras,” she said. “I just let my neighbours know and put it out there so everybody's aware.”


ReFilament’s electrical system consists of six major components and their integration, as listed above. The system is designed around an Arduino Uno (1), which manages two control systems. The Uno takes analog measurements from an NTC thermistor and uses them to control the high-power nichrome heater coil. It also takes digital diameter measurements from a set of digital calipers through a custom level shifter in order to change the drawing speed of our spooling system, thereby regulating the diameter of our filament.
The inputs to our control systems come in two very different forms. For the measurement of the extruder temperature, we’ve designed a Wheatstone bridge (3) to reject common-mode noise in the thermistor measurement, and the potential across the bridge is fed through a unity-gain instrumentation amplifier to an analog pin on the Arduino Uno. For the digital caliper measurement on the other hand, the 1.8V current-sink signal from the calipers has to be level-shifted to a 5V current-source signal. We achieved this with two op-amp comparators at ~1V, and referencing the calipers to a 1.8V linear regulator (2).
The control outputs to our extrusion system, in contrast to the inputs, are all very similar. They all take the form of an N-type field-effect transistor on the low side of a high-power plant. Our heater coil and extrusion motor are both low-side driven with PSMN022-30pl power FETs (4 & 5), and our smaller spooling motor uses a BS170 signal FET(6).
The Arduino also controls the enable input to our 200W server power supply, which allows it to wait to energize the high-power system, preventing any stray startup-sequence transients from affecting our large motors (1). In addition, it controls two indicator LEDs on a heads-up panel to inform the user of the state of the heater coil, and whether the extruder is of a sufficient temperature to burn (7). Inputs and outputs to the control system are synchronized over a serial interface with the Raspberry Pi that maintains the user interface.


class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # ETC3250: Model assessment ## Semester 1, 2019 ###
Professor Di Cook
Econometrics and Business Statistics
Monash University ### Week 9 (b) --- class: split-30 layout: true .column[.pad10px[ ## Outline - Getting started ]] .column[.top50px[ .split-two[ .row[.content[ ```r library(statquotes) search_quotes(search="Holdane", fuzzy=TRUE) ``` ``` ## In scientific thought we adopt the simplest theory which will ## explain all the facts under consideration and enable us to predict ## new facts of the same kind. The catch in this criterion lies in ## the world ``simplest.'' It is really an aesthetic canon such as we ## find implicit in our criticisms of poetry or painting. The layman ## finds such a law as $dx/dt = K(d^2x/dy^2)$ much less simple than ## "it oozes," of which it is the mathematical statement. The ## physicist reverses this judgment, and his statement is certainly ## the more fruitful of the two, so far as prediction is concerned. ## It is, however, a statement about something very unfamiliar to the ## plainman, namely, the rate of change of a rate of change. ## --- John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (1892--1964) Possible Worlds, ## 1927. ``` ]] .row[.content[

 ```r statquote(source="Box") ``` ``` ## Statisticians, like artists, have the bad habit of falling in love ## with their models. ## --- George E. P. Box ``` ]]] ]] --- class: fade-row2 count: false --- count: false --- layout: true class: shuriken-full white .blade1.bg-green[.content[ .white.font_large[Know your data.] ✈
Quantitative or qualitative response? Predictors all quantitative? Do you have independent observations? ]] .blade2.bg-purple[.content[ .white.font_large[Plot your data.] 🖼
Is there a relationship between response and predictors? Is the relationship linear? Are boundaries linear?Is variability heterogeneous? Are groups distinct? Are there unusual observations? ]] .blade3.bg-deep-orange[.content[ .white.font_large[Check for missing values.] 🔎
Do some variables have too many missings to use them? Do some observations have too many missings to use them? What would be a useful imputation method to fix the sporadic missing value? ]] .blade4.bg-pink[.content[ .white.font_large[Fit a versatile model.] 💻
Compute and plot model diagnostics Where doesn't the model do well? How can it be refined? ]] --- class: hide-blade2 hide-blade3 hide-blade4 hide-hole --- class: hide-blade3 hide-blade4 hide-hole count: false --- class: hide-blade4 hide-hole count: false --- class: hide-hole count: false --- count: false --- class: split-30 layout: false .column[.pad10px[ ## Outline - [Getting started](#2) - .orange[Comparing fits] - ROC for classification ]] .column[.top50px[ The .orange[ROC curve] is a popular graphic for simultaneously displaying the two types of errors for all possible thresholds. It is a common method for comparing classification models.    ROC curve for the LDA classifier on the training set of CREDIT data. .font_tiny[Fig 4.8] ]] --- class: split-50 layout: false .column[.pad10px[    ]] .column[.top50px[ The true positive rate is the .orange[sensitivity]: the fraction of defaulters that are correctly identified, using a given threshold value. The false positive rate is .orange[1-specificity]: the fraction of non-defaulters that we classify incorrectly as defaulters, using that same threshold value. The dotted line is "no information" classifier; class and predictor are not associated. The .orange[ideal ROC curve hugs the top left corner], indicating a high true positive rate and a low false positive rate. ]] --- class: split-two layout: false .row[ Possible outcomes with a two class classification model:  ] .row[ .split-50[ .column[.pad50px[ `+` .orange[has disease] (class = 1 or "P") `-` does .orange[NOT] have disease (class = 0 or "N") True = we get it .orange[right] False = we got it .orange[wrong] ]] .column[.pad50px[ .orange[False positive rate] = FP/N, also known as Type I error or 1-specificity .orange[True positive rate] = TP/P, also known as power, sensitivity, recall ]] ]] --- class: split-50 layout: false .column[.pad10px[    ]] .column[.pad10px[
.orange[How do we calculate different TPR/FPR?]
If the classifier returns a prediction between 0 and 1, interpret as the probability of a positive, then threshold this at different values, e.g. 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, ... ]] --- class: split-30 layout: false .column[.pad10px[ ## Outline - [Getting started](#2) - .orage[Comparing fits] - ROC for classification ]] .column[.top50px[    (left) LDA and SVM similar. (right) SVM radial basis with `\(\gamma=10^{-1}\)` is the best. .font_tiny[Fig 9.10] ]] --- class: split-30 layout: false .column[.pad10px[ ## Outline - [Getting started](#2) - [Comparing fits](#3) - .orange[Outliers] - Multivariate outliers ]] .column[.top50px[ .orange[Mahalanobis distance] measures the distance from the mean, relative to the variance-covariance matrix, and is useful for .orange[outlier detection]: `\(D^2 = (X-\mu)'\Sigma^{-1}(X-\mu)\)`  Related to "leverage" in regression diagnostics. ]] --- class: split-30 layout: false .column[.pad10px[ ## Outline - [Getting started](#2) - [Comparing fits](#3) - .orange[Outliers] - Multivariate outliers - Influential observations ]] .column[.top50px[ .orange[Cook's distance] measures the change in the model estimates due to the observation: `\(D_i = \frac{e_i^2}{MSE\times p}\frac{h_i}{(1-h_i)^2}\)` where `\(h_i\)` is the leverage of observation `\(i\)`.  Developed by Dennis Cook, University of Minnesota. ]] --- class: split-30 layout: false .column[.pad10px[ ## Outline - [Getting started](#2) - [Comparing fits](#3) - .orange[Outliers] - Multivariate outliers - Influential observations - Utilising bagging ]] .column[.top50px[ Remember vote matrix available from random forests: `$$V = (V_1 V_2 ... V_K) \\ = \left[ \begin{eqnarray*} p_{11} & p_{12} & ... & p_{1K}\\ p_{21} & p_{22} & ... & p_{2K}\\ ... & ... & & ...\\ p_{n1} & p_{n2} & ... & p_{nK} \end{eqnarray*} \right]$$` With bagging, multiple out of bag predictions produces uncertainty measure for each observation. Its possible that observations with .orange[higher uncertainty are outliers]. ]] --- class: split-30 layout: false .column[.pad10px[ ## Outline - [Getting started](#2) - [Comparing fits](#3) - [Outliers](#8) - .orange[Important variables] ]] .column[.top50px[ .orange[Variable importance] - Working with .orange[standardised variables] helps, because magnitude of coefficients is then directly interpreted as importance - .orange[Permutation] approach in random forests is useful more broadly. Compare magnitude of coefficients between models built on original and permuted variable. - .orange[Effect of one predictor with the response] can depend on their relationship with one another. Called multicollinearity in regression. ]] --- layout: false .orange[All possible model fits] to housing data with 7 variables, from [Wickham et al (2015) Removing the Blindfold](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sam.11271/abstract)  --- class: split-60 layout: false .column[.pad10px[  ]] .column[.pad10px[ .font_small[Three typical estimates for bedrooms: big positive, close to 0, big negative.] .font_small[Models with big .orange[positive coefficients] for bedrooms tend to have .orange[weaker fits]. They tend to occur with models that have no livingArea contribution, and more negative coefficients for zoneRM, and no air con.] .font_small[Models with big .orange[negative coefficients] on bedrooms tend to have .orange[stronger fits]. All contrast with livingArea (high positive coefficients).] .font_small[If bedrooms contribute to the model, bathrooms do not.] ]] --- class: split-30 layout: false .column[.pad10px[ ## Outline - [Getting started](#2) - [Comparing fits](#3) - [Outliers](#8) - [Important variables](#11) - .orange[Model choice - robustness of conclusions] ]] .column[.top50px[ Whatever way you model the data, the .orange[interpretations should be consistent]. - Bias can explain difference in predictions between models, flexible vs inflexible can provide a spectrum on what the data predicts. - Broad changes in a model when some cases or some variables are not used, should evoke suspicions (your "spidey sense"). - Model fit statistics are a measure of predictive power. A weak model can still be useful if there is a large cost involved. ]] --- layout: false # 👩💻 Made by a human with a computer ### Slides at [https://monba.dicook.org](https://monba.dicook.org). ### Code and data at [https://github.com/dicook/Business_Analytics](https://github.com/dicook/Business_Analytics).
 ### Created using [R Markdown](https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com) with flair by [**xaringan**](https://github.com/yihui/xaringan), and [**kunoichi** (female ninja) style](https://github.com/emitanaka/ninja-theme).

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


Facio is a project scaffolding tool originally developed for Django and expanded to be framework agnostic. You can use Facio to bootstrap any sort of project.
You can specify a custom template either via the command line or in a configuration file.
Simply provide Facio with the -t
or --template
argument followed by the path to the template. For example:
$ facio my_new_project -t /path/to/my/template
You can also provide a Git repository by adding git+
to the start of the template, for example:
$ facio my_new_project -t<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Create a .facio.cfg
file in your home directory, and enter the following:
[template]
default=/path/to/my/template
By default Facio will now use this template path, you can also add git repositories like in the command line example:
[template]
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>You can add more than one template to the config file:
[template]
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>experimental=/path/to/other/template
To use this template provide the -s
or --select
flag to facio and it will ask you to choose a template:
$ facio new_project -c
Please choose a template:
1) default<EMAIL_ADDRESS>2) experimental: /path/to/other/template
Please choose a number between 1 and 2:


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3.1.2. How to Execute a Request Unit Test¶
<IP_ADDRESS>. How to write a test class¶
The test class should be created in such a way that the following conditions are met.
- The test class package should be the same as the Action class to be tested.
- The test class should be created with the class name <Action class name>RequestTest.
- Inherit nablarch.test.core.http.BasicHttpRequestTestTemplate. (This is not applicable if there is an extended Template implementation in the project)
For example, if the Action class to be tested is nablarch.sample.management.user.UserSearchAction, then the test class would be as follows:
package nablarch.sample.management.user;
// ~ Middle is omitted ~
public class UserSearchActionRequestTest extends BasicHttpRequestTestTemplate {
Tip
The superclass BasicHttpRequestTestTemplate provides various methods necessary for request unit test. As the DbAccessTestSupport functionality is also provided, you can configure the database in the same way as the class unit test.
<IP_ADDRESS>. Test method division¶
The test method to be created is determined by the following procedure:
- For each request ID (each Action method), classify test cases into normal pattern and abnormal pattern, and create a test method for each.
- If there are no cases of abnormal pattern, such as during simple screen transition from the menu, create a test method only for the normal pattern.
- For screen display verification items, examine whether the items can be included in the method for normal pattern or abnormal pattern.
- Create a test method separately for screen display verification if conditional branching on the same sheet is complicated.
- If this is not the case, then instead of creating a method for screen verification, include screen verification in the test method for normal pattern or abnormal pattern.
Example of dividing a method (when dividing into normal pattern, abnormal pattern and screen display verification)
| Request ID | Action Method Name | Test data sheet name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal pattern | Abnormal pattern | Screen verification | ||
| USERS00101 | doUsers00101 | testUsers00101Normal | testUsers00101Abnormal | testUsers00101View |
Tip
Dividing a method as shown above is to avoid decrease in readability due to complex test data sheet. Even if this is not the case, test data sheet is split if readability decreases when various test cases are packed into one test data sheet.
<IP_ADDRESS>. How to write test data¶
The Excel file containing the test data should be stored in the same directory with the same name as the test source code, same as in the class unit test (only the extension differs).
For information on how to write test data, refer to Test data description using Excel.
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. Common database initial values for test classes¶
In the Excel file containing test data, a sheet with the name setUpDb is provided, on which the common database default values are written. The data written here is submitted when the test method is executed by the automated test framework.
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. List of test cases¶
Case table for a single test method is described in the data type of LIST_MAP. The ID is testShots.
Each case should have the following elements:
| Column name | Description | Required |
|---|---|---|
| no | Write the test case numbers sequentially from 1. | Required |
| description | Write an explanation of the test case. Used for the filename of the HTML dump file output in the request unit test of the web application. [1] | Required |
| context | Describe which request ID to send a request to, by which user in the test case. For more information, see User information. | Required |
| cookie | Describe the cookie information required for that test case. For more information, see Cookie information. | |
| isValidToken | Set to true when configuring a token. For more information on tokens, refer to server-side double submission prevention. | |
| setUpTable | Describe the group ID of data written within the same sheet, when registering the data in the database before executing each test case. Data submission is carried out by the automated test framework. | |
| expectedStatusCode | Describe the expected HTTP status code. [2] | Required |
| expectedMessageId | When a message is expected to be output, describe the message ID of that message. If more than one message is output, the messages are enumerated by a comma. Leave blank when a message is not expected. After leaving this field blank, if in reality, a message is output, then the test fails. | |
| expectedSearch | When database search result is expected to be set in the request scope, describe the expected search result. Specify the search result with the LIST_MAP data type ID within the same sheet. The key for fetching the result from the request scope is searchResult. | |
| expectedTable | Describe the group ID of the expected table when comparing the contents of the database. | |
| forwardUri | Describe the expected forward destination URI. Describe the URI to the forward destination JSP specified in the Action class. When left blank, the field is asserted as a field for which no forwarding to JSP will be performed.In a test case where transition to the system error screen or the authentication error screen is assumed, describe the URI to the JSP rendering that screen. For example, in the case of transition to the system error screen, /jsp/systemError.jsp is the expected forward destination URI (in the case of default value). | |
| expectedContentLength | Describe the expected value of the content length header. Specify in this column when testing a file download. | |
| expectedContentType | Describe the expected value of the content type header. Specify in this column when testing a file download. | |
| expectedContentFileName | Describe the expected value of the filename specified in the content disposition header. Specify in this column when testing a file download. | |
| expectedMessage | Describe the group ID of the expected request messages when performing synchronous transmission of messages. Messages are created by an automated test framework. | |
| responseMessage | If sending synchronous message, the group ID of the response message to be returned is described. Messages are created by an automated test framework. | |
| expectedMessageByClient | Describe the group ID of the expected request messages when performing synchronous transmission of HTTP messages. Messages are created by an automated test framework. | |
| responseMessageByClient | If sending synchronous HTTP message, the group ID of the response message to be returned is described. Messages are created by an automated test framework. |
Describe the HTTP Request parameter to be sent in the test case in a separate table instead of this table（ described later ）.
| [1] | Since the content of the description is used for the file name, IOException is raised if characters other than those specified as usable for the file name in the OS are used, or if the length limit for the file name is exceeded. Hence, the content allowed as the file name should be entered. For example, if a line feed code is included in the description, an error will occur when the test is executed since line feed code is invalid as a file name. |
| [2] | In the request unit test of a web application, when asserting the HTTP status code, the status codes 302 and 303, which have the same redirection behavior in a normal browser, are asserted identically. In other words, not only when the expected result and the executed result have exactly the same HTTP status code, but also when the expected result code is 303 and the executed result code is 302, and when the expected result code is 302 and the executed result code is 303, the assertion result shows successful completion. <Reason> As per the RFC regulation, for browsers that understand HTTP 1.1, it is better to return 303 for redirect, however, currently the major web containers use the 302 response code taking into account the legacy browsers. |
<IP_ADDRESS>.3. User information¶
In the test case, describe with the data type of LIST_MAP to which request ID and by which user to send the request. By using information of multiple users, it is possible to test functions that are processed differently depending on the user permissions.
For example, when the accessible data differs depending on the permissions, user information is used differently as follows:
<IP_ADDRESS>.4. Cookie information¶
Describe the cookie information required for that test case with the data type of LIST_MAP. This makes it possible to perform the test by sending different cookie information for each case.
There is no need to describe cookie information for cases not requiring cookies for optional items.
For example, when it is required to change the value of the cookie depending on the case, configure the cookie information as follows: For cases not requiring cookies, cookie information should be left blank without describing the value as in Case 8 of the example below.
<IP_ADDRESS>.5. Request parameter¶
The HTTP parameters sent in each test case are described with the data type of LIST_MAP.
Create data for request parameters using Request Unit Data Creation Tool. Use this tool to create data for request parameters except for initial screen display request (e.g. transition from the menu screen).
The HTTP request parameter is described in the data type of LIST_MAP. ID is requestParams. This data is associated with List of test cases on a per-row basis. For example, the topmost data in the request parameter table is used in the topmost test case in the list of test cases (same thereafter).
To make it easy to understand the test case linking, test case number should be written in the Marker column.
Tip
Request parameter must be written without fail.
For example, even in the case of initial screen display request, where request parameter does not exist, the column must be defined in LIST_MAP=requestParams.
When request parameter is not required, describe only the column for the test case number as described below: Define as many rows of data as the number of test cases. (Define 3 rows for 3 cases, 10 rows for 10 cases )
The [no] column is not included in the request parameter as the column is a visual representation of the test case number (Marker column).
<IP_ADDRESS>.5.1. When configuring multiple values for a single key¶
For HTTP request parameters, multiple values can be set for a single key. In the request unit test, multiple values can be expressed by delimiting the values with commas.
In the following example, multiple values, namely, one and two, are set for the key foo.
foo bar one,two three
To include a comma itself in the value, perform escape using \mark. To include \ mark itself in the value, prefix it with another \\mark.
For example, to represent the value 1000, write as follows:
foo bar \\1\,000 three
<IP_ADDRESS>.6. Various expected values¶
When comparing the search results and database with expected values, link each data with the list of test cases using ID.
<IP_ADDRESS>.6.1. Expected search result¶
Link the expected search result with the list of test cases.
<IP_ADDRESS>.6.2. Expected database status¶
In the test cases for the update, in order to check the expected status of the database, the expected status is linked with the list of test cases.
<IP_ADDRESS>. How to write a test method¶
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. Super class¶
Superclass inherits the BasicHttpRequestTestTemplate class. In this class, the request unit test is executed by the following procedure based on the prepared test data.
Fetching test case list (testShots LIST_MAP) from the data sheet
For the fetched test cases, the following are executed in a loop
- Database Initialization
- ExecutionContext, generating HTTP request
- Extension point call for operation test code (beforeExecuteRequest method)
- Setting a token if a token is required
- Execution of the request to be tested
- Verification of the execution result
- HTTP status code and message ID
- HTTP response value (request scope value)
- Search result
- Table update result
- Extension point call for operation test code (afterExecuteRequest method)
The following methods are overridden as they are defined as abstract methods in the superclass.
public class UserSearchActionRequestTest extends BasicHttpRequestTestTemplate {
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* [Description] This function returns the common part of a URI.
*/
@Override
protected String getBaseUri() {
return "/action/management/user/UserSearchAction/";
}
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. Create a test method¶
Create a method corresponding to the prepared test sheet.
@Test
public void testMenus00101() {
}
<IP_ADDRESS>.3. Call a superclass method¶
In the test method, call one of the following methods of the superclass.
- void execute()
- void execute(Advice advice)
Normally, execute() is used.
@Test
public void testUsers00101Normal() {
execute();
}
<IP_ADDRESS>.3.1. When adding specific processes¶
Though processes that are required in all the test cases are standardized in the superclass, sometimes some test cases require specific processes. (For example, to check the contents of an entity stored in the request scope)
When sheet specific preparation process and result check process are required, you can insert the processes before and after sending a request, using execute(Advice advice). The following methods are provided in the BasicAdvice class, which are called back before and after sending a request.
- void beforeExecute(TestCaseInfo testCaseInfo, ExecutionContext context)
- void afterExecute(TestCaseInfo testCaseInfo, ExecutionContext context)
Tip
There is no need to override both of these methods.Override only the method you need to. Also, it is not required to write all the processes within these methods If the description is too long, or if there is a common process between test methods, the processes should be extracted to a private method.
@Test
public void testMenus00102Normal() {
execute(new BasicAdvice() {
// [Description] This method is called before sending a request.
@Override
public void beforeExecute(TestCaseInfo testCaseInfo,
ExecutionContext context) {
// [Description] The preparation process is described here.
}
// [Description] This method is called after sending a request.
@Override
public void afterExecute(TestCaseInfo testCaseInfo,
ExecutionContext context) {
// [Description] The confirmation process of the result is described here.
}
});
}
<IP_ADDRESS>.3.1.1. Example of a request scope in which multiple types of search results are stored¶
In the following example, the request scope contains two types of search results, “user group” and “use case”, and verify that each of the search results is as expected.
@Test
public void testMenus00103() {
execute(new BasicAdvice() {
@Override
public void afterExecute(TestCaseInfo testCaseInfo,
ExecutionContext context) {
String message = testCaseInfo.getTestCaseName(); // [Description] Message when the comparison fails
String sheetName = testCaseInfo.getSheetName(); // [Description] Sheet name
String no = testCaseInfo.getTestCaseNo(); // [Description] Test case number
// Verification of group search result
SqlResultSet actualGroup =(SqlResultSet) context.getRequestScopedVar("allGroup");
assertSqlResultSetEquals(message, sheetName, "expectedUgroup" + no, actualGroup);
// Verification of use case search result
SqlResultSet actualUseCase =(SqlResultSet) context.getRequestScopedVar("allUseCase");
assertSqlResultSetEquals(message, sheetName, "expectedUseCase" + no, actualUseCase);
}
});
}
<IP_ADDRESS>.3.1.2. Example of a request scope that contains form or entity instead of a search result (SqlResultSet)¶
In the following example, an entity is stored in the request scope and we are verifying that each of the search results is as expected.
@Test
public void testUsers00302Normal() {
execute(new BasicAdvice() {
@Override
public void afterExecute(TestCaseInfo testCaseInfo,
ExecutionContext context) {
String sheetName = testCaseInfo.getSheetName();
// Comparison of system account
// [Description] ID of the expected value (Prefix “systemAccount” + Case number)
String expectedSystemAccountId = "systemAccount" + testCaseInfo.getTestCaseNo();
// [Description] Retrieve the actual value from the request scope
Object actualSystemAccount = context.getRequestScopedVar("systemAccount");
// [Description] Calling a method to compare entities.
assertEntity(sheetName, expectedSystemAccountId, actualSystemAccount);
// Compare users
String expectedUsersId = "users" + testCaseInfo.getTestCaseNo();
Object actualUsers = context.getRequestScopedVar("users");
assertEntity(sheetName, expectedUsersId, actualUsers);
}
});
}
Write the expected value in the same format as the entity’s class unit test (Test cases for setters and getters). However, in this case the “setter” filed is not necessary.
Tip
If a form is stored in the request scope, it can be tested in the same way as an entity if a different form is not set in the property.
If a different form is set in the property, you can fetch that form and test it in the same way as an entity. An example is shown below.
@Test
public void testSampleNormal() {
execute(new BasicAdvice() {
@Override
public void afterExecute(TestCaseInfo testCaseInfo,
ExecutionContext context) {
String sheetName = testCaseInfo.getSheetName();
// Comparison of system account
// [Description] ID of the expected value (Prefix “systemAccount” + Case number)
String expectedSystemAccountId = "systemAccount" + testCaseInfo.getTestCaseNo();
// [Description] Retrieve the form from the request scope
Object actualForm = context.getRequestScopedVar("form");
// [Description] Acquire a different form that is configured in the property of the form
Object actualSystemAccount = actualForm.getSystemAccount();
// [Description] Calling a method to compare entities.
assertEntity(sheetName, expectedSystemAccountId, actualSystemAccount);
}
});
}
<IP_ADDRESS>.3.1.3. Example of a request scope in which SqlRow is stored instead of SqlResultSet¶
The following example verifies that a single search result (SqlRow) is stored in the request scope instead of a list of search results (SqlResultSet), and that search result is as expected.
@Test
public void testUsers00302Normal() {
execute(new BasicAdvice() {
@Override
public void afterExecute(TestCaseInfo testCaseInfo, ExecutionContext context) {
String message = testCaseInfo.getTestCaseName(); // [Description] Message when the comparison fails
String sheetName = testCaseInfo.getSheetName(); // [Description] Sheet name
String no = testCaseInfo.getTestCaseNo(); // [Description] Test case number
// Verification of group search result
SqlRow actual =(SqlRow) context.getRequestScopedVar("user");
// [Description] Call a method to compare SqlRow.
assertSqlRowEquals(message, sheetName, "expectedUser" + no, actual);
}
});
}
<IP_ADDRESS>.3.1.4. When you want to verify the value of a request parameter¶
The request parameter may be overwritten in the function to be tested so as to reset the value of window scope.
The following example verifies that the request parameter after execution of the test is as expected.
@Test
public void testUsers00302Normal() {
execute(new BasicAdvice() {
@Override
public void afterExecute(TestCaseInfo testCaseInfo, ExecutionContext context) {
HttpRequest request = testCaseInfo.getHttpRequest(); // [Description] HttpRequest after execution of the test
// Request parameter should be reset
assertEquals("", request.getParam("resetparameter"));
}
});
}
<IP_ADDRESS>.3.1.5. In other cases¶
As mentioned above, for frequently used objects such as SqlResultSet and SqlRow, methods for direct comparison with the expected values written in Excel are provided, however, if a method is not provided, then it is necessary to write a process for reading the expected value.
Specifically, the following procedure is used for verification:
- Fetch the test data from the Excel file
- Fetch the actual value from the request scope
- Perform result verification with the automated test framework or using JUnit API
@Test
public void testUsers00303Normal() {
execute(new BasicAdvice() {
@Override
public void afterExecute(TestCaseInfo testCaseInfo, ExecutionContext context) {
// [Description] Acquire the expected value from the Excel file
List<Map<String, String>> expected = getListMap("doRW25AA0303NormalEnd", "result_1");
// [Description] Acquire the actual value from the request scope after execution of the test
List<Map<String, String>> actual = context.getRequestScopedVar("pageData");
// [Description] Result verification
assertListMapEquals(expected, actual);
}
});
}
Tip
- Click on the link below for how to fetch the test data.
<IP_ADDRESS>.4. Testing downloaded file¶
When testing a downloaded file, write the expected value of the file using the same method as How to Execute a Request Unit Test (Batch) and perform the test. The following is a test example when downloading a CSV file.
Definition example of expected file
Specify a dump file in the file path. In the case of the download process, the downloaded file is dumped and the dump file is output with the naming conventions described below. For more information on the directory in which dump output result is stored, refer to HTML output results.
Naming conventions of the dump file: Excel file sheet name ＋"_" ＋ Test case name ＋"_" ＋ Downloaded file name
Test method implementation example
Assert the downloaded file using assertFile method of the FileSupport class.
private FileSupport fileSupport = new FileSupport(getClass()); @Test public void testRW11AC0104Download() { execute(new BasicAdvice() { @Override public void afterExecute(TestCaseInfo testCaseInfo, ExecutionContext context) { String msgOnFail = "Failed to assert the CSV file of the downloaded user list inquiry result."; fileSupport.assertFile(msgOnFail, "testRW11AC0104Download"); } }); }
<IP_ADDRESS>. How to launch the test¶
Same as the class unit test. Execute the test in the same way as a normal JUnit test.
<IP_ADDRESS>. Confirmation of test result (visual)¶
An HTML dump file is output for each request. Open the file in your browser and check visually.
Tip
HTML files generated in the request unit test are automatically checked by the automated test framework. The automated test framework checks the generated HTML files using HTML Check Tool. If there is a violation such as a syntax error in the HTML file, then an exception is raised according to the violation content, and the test case fails.
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. HTML output results¶
When the test is executed, tmp/html_dump directory is created under the root directory of the project for testing, and the HTML dump file is output under that directory. Refer to the section HTML dump output directory for more information on the directory where the HTML dump output result is stored.
Tip
For HTML dump file name, the content described in the List of test cases test case description (description field of testShots) of the test case list, is used.
<IP_ADDRESS>. Points to be noted when creating request unit test classes¶
The request unit test is different from the class unit test in that it is called via the Web Framework handler. Owing to this difference, there are some points that should be noted, which are described below.
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. No need to set a value for ThreadContext¶
In the request unit test, since the Web Framework handler is used, the value setting for ThreadContext is performed by the handler. Therefore, configuring a value for ThreadContext from the test class is not required.
Refer to User information described above for how to configure the user ID in the request unit test.
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. No transaction control in the test class is required¶
In the class unit test, since the Web Framework handler is not used, commit the transaction explicitly within the test class. In the request unit test, since transaction control is done by the handler, explicitly performing a transaction commit within the test class is not necessary.


This 3D display uses a single bead controlled by acoustic levitation
by Mark FrauenfelderResearchers at Sussex University have developed a 3D model with a single "pixel" -- a tiny white plastic bead that's quickly moved around the space inside a black box by an array of ultrasound speakers. A colored light source projects light onto the fast moving bead. The end result is that the bead draws "shapes in the air."
Image: YouTube


--- layout: post tags: [rest, atom] title: A valuable reason for ATOM ---
My brain has been wondering around lately, about how feeds and syndication can play with the whole service oriented paradigm and the GXA stack.
There are really two worlds in the blogging community: The simplistics and the technologists.
For the simplistics (yes the word is mine, invented by shuffling letters around in something that looks readable. I should fill a patent for that word), RSS works and blogs work because they are technically simple (remember, Really Simple Syndication). A feed is easily written, easily read (even without an aggregator), and doesn’t require much.
For the technologists, blog-related technologies are limited and the kind of functionality we could bring to people is inherently limited by the technology we’re using. Scoble says constantly that RSS is so much better than the web. Reality is, syndication still relies on a very web like interaction; only the client side of things you see and use is simpler and more productive.
You could’ve guessed by now that I’m in the second category. But is the first category really right anyway? Let’s see the technologies around the RSS format:
· MetaWebLog API. XML-RPC based, which I don’t consider a simple format, and that have its shares of interoperability issues.
· Trackback, Ping… Not complex in the way they work, but still complex concepts to adopt from a web perspective.
· Vocabulary, which includes pings, trackbacks, permalinks, etc. Is this vocabulary simple? Does my mother understand anything to it?
· Are we leveraging the underlying tool? REST-based APIs are not used, http content negotiation is not either. And we’re, once again, stuck into HTTP. It might be a coacroach, but you know what, I wouldn’t ride it for a competition.
We’re seeing a big paradigm shift (once again) to Services and SOAP. Is RSS leveraged? Surely enough it could, you can always chunk arbitrary XML within a SOAP envelope. So why the title, am I advocating RSS now? Hear me my friend, It’s not at all my point. The actual format of the <item>, I couldn’t care less. RSS is not what matters. With XSL-T widely available, at most I would prefer a format with full type fidelity that I can turn into whatever I want depending on what the subscriber consumes (remember, content negotiation…).
I am advocating ATOM not as a file format, but as a process that should look at the overall infrastructure, and define best practices, just like how Trackback, Ping and other ad-hoc technologies developed themselves. Not through boards, not through committees, but through open work and interoperability testing. What should ATOM do?
· Leverage WS-Security to provide authentication of a feed author. If I receive content from Scoble, that’s one thing. If I receive a stock alert from Bloomberg, that’s another thing.
· Leverage WS-Eventing and al. Having clouds is alright, but please, XML-RPC is dead, for god’s sake let it REST in peace.
· Leverage MTOM. Enclosures are good, but MTOM solves the same problem in a service oriented way.
· Leverage WS-Federation for comments and to find a way to solve comment spam
We have the underlying pipe technology, we lack the proper binding to a new service oriented world for blogs and content management in general.
I can hear people screaming, so many technologies to handle, this is going to be over complex and won’t ever get implemented. Remember, any market consolidates, any market gets fewer players, and competition is driven by how you can provide your users with the greatest flexibility.  The effort does gives you things the current state of technology cannot:
· Authentication of the author of an item, a trackback, a comment…
· Real push technology
· Discoverability of new blogs in a virtual URL space
· No ties to HTTP in the technology, reuse of the idea of bindings
· Standards standards standards
· Ship more than just text with enclosures. Leverage your architecture as a content delivery system. Just imagine if newsgator was sending updates to their software in a standard way, push based mechanism and proper authentication?
ATOM is not pushing forward these ideas (which were at the origin the ones that were discussed), and ends up just mistaking RSS as an architecture when it is only a format.


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