1. Introduction
1.1. Background
This section is not normative.
This specification provides features to align lines and blocks to invisible grids in the document.
Aligning lines and blocks to grids provides the following benefits:
- Vertical rhythm is kept for better readability.
- Lines are aligned between columns in multi-column documents.
- The top and the bottom margins of pictures are made equal, while keeping the vertical rhythm of text before and after the pictures.
- Layout lines are at the same position on every page in paged media. Keeping the position of the bottom line of a page has benefits for design and readability. This also improves the readability of duplex printing, two pages spreads, and displaying on slow display devices like e-ink.
- East Asian layouts require vertical rhythm more often than other scripts do, even in single column, non-paged media documents, as defined in [JLREQ].
There are several types of objects in a document that can break the vertical rhythm. Examples include lines with different sizes of text, pictures, and tables.
When a different size of text, such as a headings wraps, it is usually aligned to grids as a block and the lines within the block do not align.
Sidenotes (and footnotes for that matter) are often set at a smaller size than the basic text. This smaller text should still line up with the basic text. Authors can try to achieve this effect by calculating appropriate font-size, line-height, and margins*, but lack the proper tools to get the baselines to align.
Even if the author controls all this, the baselines won’t align. And careful calculations can be thrown off by user stylesheets.
East Asian layouts may require grid-like features in inline progression direction as well.
It is often desirable in East Asian layouts to make the line width a multiple of em without fractions. Because most East Asian characters have 1em advance and most East Asian documents are justified, this minimizes cases where justification needs to expand character spacing.
This module provides the following capabilities:
- Defining grids in the line progression direction.
- Controlling how lines and blocks align to the grids.
It is important to control these capabilities independently, so that, for example, aligning to grids can be turned off for tables, but can then be turned back on for aligning the following text to the grids.
1.2. Module Interactions
This module extends the line box model defined in [CSS2] sections 9.4.2 and 10.8.
1.3. Values
This specification follows the CSS property definition conventions from [CSS2]. Value types not defined in this specification are defined in CSS Values & Units [CSS-VALUES-3]. Other CSS modules may expand the definitions of these value types.
In addition to the property-specific values listed in their definitions, all properties defined in this specification also accept the CSS-wide keywords keywords as their property value. For readability they have not been repeated explicitly.
2. Defining a Line Grid: the line-grid property
| Name: | line-grid |
|---|---|
| Value: | match-parent | create |
| Initial: | match-parent |
| Applies to: | block, flex and grid containers |
| Inherited: | no |
| Percentages: | N/A |
| Computed value: | specified keyword |
| Canonical order: | per grammar |
| Animation type: | discrete |
Specifies whether this box creates a new baseline grid for its descendants or uses the same baseline grid as its parent. (Each box always has an associated line grid. However, whether a box or its contents snap to a line grid is determined by line-snap and box-snap.)
The values of this property have the following meanings:
- match-parent
- Box assumes the line grid of its parent if its writing mode is the same as its parent. If the box has a writing mode that is different than its parent, then the box creates a new line grid as create below.
- create
- Box creates a new line grid using its own font and line layout settings, including any adjustment to the line height caused by the line-height-step property. The line grid consists of a series of horizontal lines corresponding to all the baselines (alphabetic, text-top, text-bottom, mathematic, central, hanging, etc.) and to the line-over and line-under edges, positioned where they would fall if the contents of this element consisted entirely of line boxes filled with text (no sub-elements) using the first available font. If the box is paginated, the line grid is restarted on each page; since line boxes cannot be fragmented, no page begins with the bottom part of a line’s grid.
The initial containing block establishes a line grid using the font and line layout settings of the root element. If the root element (which has no parent) has a value of match-parent, then it adopts the line grid of the initial containing block.
In paged media, if the page context applying to a particular page specifies line-grid: create, then a line grid for that page is established using the page context’s font and line layout settings applied to the page box (including its margins), and for layout within that page the initial containing block is assumed to have adopted this line grid.
It is sometimes appropriate for the line grid to begin with the content, after the root element’s margins/padding/border and/or other header content. To do this, the root element (or some other element) can be told to establish the line grid.
main { line-grid: create; }
If this line grid is then paginated, the line grid will start at the top of each page area after the first.
In other cases, it’s desirable for all pages of a document share a common line grid, even if page margins, border and/or padding change. The following rule will instead fill the page box area including the page margin/padding/borders with the line grid:
@page { line-grid: create; }
As this line grid is paginated, it will start at the top of each page box after the first; however it might not align to the top of the page area (where the content would normally begin).
The names of these values is currently up for debate. Current suggestions for match-parent include match-parent and normal; those for create include create and new.
The original proposal for line grids allowed an element to create a named grid. This property could still be extended to do this in the future.
There might need to be an offset for more complicated designs. How to set this offset is problematic: usually it’s not a fixed length, but the distance to clear some header content. This could be added to a later level of css-line-grid.
3. Snapping to a Grid
The line-snap and box-snap properties cause line boxes and block boxes to shift position in order to align to the line grid. Shifting boxes in this way affects layout – it is not merely a display translation. If a line box is shifted, then subsequent line boxes will be laid out using the new shifted position as input to their line stacking rules. If a block box is shifted, then subsequent boxes will be laid out using the new shifted position as input.
3.1. Snapping Line Boxes: the line-snap property
| Name: | line-snap |
|---|---|
| Value: | none | baseline | contain |
| Initial: | none |
| Applies to: | block container elements |
| Inherited: | yes |
| Percentages: | N/A |
| Computed value: | specified keyword |
| Canonical order: | per grammar |
| Animation type: | discrete |
This property applies to all the line boxes directly contained by the element, and, when not none, causes each line box to shift (usually downward, possibly by zero) until it snaps to the line grid specified by line-grid. (The unshifted position is the position that would be determined by normal line stacking rules, with consideration of any new controls defined by other modules such as [CSS3LINE].)
Values have the following meanings:
- none
- Line boxes do not snap to the grid; they stack normally.
- baseline
- The dominant baseline snaps with the matching baseline on the line grid applying to the element.
- contain
- Two baselines are used to align the line box: the line box is snapped so that its central baseline is centered between one of the line grid’s text-over-edge baselines and a subsequent (but not necessarily consecutive) text-under-edge baseline.
Line boxes almost always shift downward (towards the block-end direction) when snapping to a line grid. Here there are three lines with 20px line-height and line-snap:baseline that should snap to a 30px line grid. Each line box shifts down so that the baselines align with the grid lines.
In the figures below, there are two additional lines from h3 elements with line-snap:none. These lines do not shift to align to the grid, but their positions can change based on the shifting of lines around them. In this example, lines 1 2 and 3 shift down to snap their baselines to the grid lines, and line B has normal line box placement just below the line above.
3.2. Snapping Block Boxes: the box-snap property
This is a rough draft of trying to solve the box-snapping problem.
Some optional box values (margin-box, border-box) could be added to the before and after values to allow snapping various box model edges to the line grid.
An auto value could be useful - one that defaults to center, but snaps to before if it’s the first block in a fragment container, and snaps to after if it’s the last block in a fragment container.
| Name: | box-snap |
|---|---|
| Value: | none | block-start | block-end | center | baseline | last-baseline |
| Initial: | none |
| Applies to: | block-level boxes and internal table elements except table cells |
| Inherited: | yes |
| Percentages: | N/A |
| Computed value: | as specified |
| Canonical order: | per grammar |
| Animation type: | discrete |
Specifies how the block is snapped to the baseline grid.
Values have the following meanings:
- none
- The block is not snapped to any grid.
- block-start
- The block-start edge is snapped to the nearest grid line.
- block-end
- The block-end edge is snapped to the nearest grid line.
- center
- The block is centered between one of the baseline grid’s text-over baselines and a subsequent (but not necessarily consecutive) text-under baseline.
- baseline
- The first line box’s dominant baseline is snapped to the nearest grid line.
- last-baseline
- The last line box’s dominant baseline is snapped to the nearest grid line.
Snapping block boxes always uses the line grid of the box parent (a block’s own line grid has no effect on box snapping). If the box is an empty block that could be collapsed through, then this property has no effect. [CSS2]
To snap a block-level element to a grid line, take the unsnapped result of layout (including margin collapsing, clearance, etc.) as the block’s initial position, then shift the block downward (towards the block-end direction) until it snaps to the line grid.
For the block-start and block-end values, either the text-over-edge or text-under-edge baseline is chosen: whichever one is on the matching side of the central baseline. For example, when snapping the block-start edge in horizontal writing mode, the text-over-edge is chosen. In some cases the text-under-edge might be used instead for the block-start edge: for example, when the writing mode of the line grid doesn’t match that of the affected element, or when due to the text-orientation settings the text-under-edge corresponds to the block-start edge.
When applied to table row group and table row boxes, box-snap only affects the before and after edges, and only if those edges are not at the beginning or end of the table, respectively. To snap a before edge on a table row or row group, the preceding row’s height is increased. To snap an after edge on a table row or row group, the affected row’s height is increased.
When applied to table column group and table column boxes, 'box-snap’only affects the start and end edges, and only if those edges are not at the start or end of the table, respectively. How the space is redistributed among columns to satisfy snapping constraints is not defined, however:
- In an auto-sized table no column may be smaller than its minimum content width.
- The resulting table must not exceed its original measure if it had a non-auto measure.
- The adjusted widths must not cause the table to overflow its containing block any more than it would with box-snap: none.
To satisfy these constraints, some column edges may remain unsnapped.
box-snap +- block-snap | +- block-snap-edge | | +- block-start-snap-edge: <shape-box> | | +- block-end-snap-edge: <shape-box> | +- block-snap-align: <content-position> | +- block-snap-grid: text-grid | <custom-ident> /* name of grid/gridlines */ +- inline-snap +- inline-snap-edge | +- inline-start-snap-edge: <shape-box> | +- inline-end-snap-edge: <shape-box> +- inline-snap-align: <content-position> +- inline-snap-grid: text-grid | <custom-ident> /* name of grid/gridlines */ where <shape-box> includes margin-box | border-box | half-border-box | padding-box | content-box and <content-position> includes start | end | stretch | first-baseline | last-baseline | center
4. Snapping Details
4.1. Interacting with other alignments
An element can have additional block layout constraints (such as centering or box-snap) that can complicate line snapping. In these cases, implementations must produce the same result as the steps below:
- Line snap as if the layout constraint does not apply
- Apply the layout constraint to the block
- Adjust exactly one line box shift or space at the beginning or end of the block such that all of the snapping lines meet the line grid while maintaining the block layout constraint. The single adjustment chosen must be the smallest shift needed to achieve the result without causing overflow.
A block containing lines to snap might not be top-aligned within its container. In the figures below, the block containing the elements is centered. In a centered situation, you have to align baselines while maintaining centering. This can be done in two shift-and-center steps.
First, shift the snapping lines as if the block was top-aligned (as in figure 9 above), then remove the shift for the very first snapping line. After removing the first shift, try centering the block. This is almost certain to throw the baseline alignment off. You can see one such result in the partial shifting figure below.
Second, measure the distance from the first snapped line’s baseline to the grid lines above and below, looking for the closest grid line to that baseline.
If the closest grid line is in the block-start direction, then add space below the last line in the block equal to twice that distance. Then the block is centered again, which will align all of the snapped lines to the grid.
If the closest grid line is in the block-end direction, then the first snapped line is shifted downward by twice that distance. Then the block is centered again, which will again align all of the snapped lines to the grid.
An end-aligned block also uses two steps, but is simpler than the centered case.
First, shift the snapping lines as if there were no end-alignment (as in figure 9 above), then end-align the block.
Second, shift the entire block contents upwards until the last snapped line aligns to a grid line. In this example, the shift is very minor.
4.2. Leading adjustments
In some cases lines of equal line height will not align perfectly to a baseline grid: this happens, for example, when fonts (of the same size) with different baseline tables are mixed on a line. In these cases, removing top half-leading can sometimes be the correct thing to do, but must be limited to the amount of baseline discrepancy so as not to trigger in other cases.
Details to follow. It’s complicated when you have more than one font-size or line-height in a single line box.
Acknowledgments
This module was made possible by the advice and contributions of Tab Atkins, Dave Cramer, Dave Hyatt, Bem Jones-Bey, Håkon Wium Lie, Shinyu Murakami, Liam Quin, and the CSS Working Group members.
Change Log
Since September 16th 2014
- Refined ICB/root/@page grid creation
- Added flex and grid container applicability for line-grid
- Added normative text for line-snap examples
- Added @page and root element line grid handling
- Made the dependency on line-height-step explicit
- match-parent creates new line grid for orthoganal flows
Since April 3rd 2014
- Added line-snapping examples
- Modified box-snap values
- Removed line-slack
- Removed grid offset
- Removed grid units
- Removed 2d box snapping
- Removed rounding functions


Systems methods and computer readable storage media for enabling decentralized ex-banking accounts with diversified interactable financial service
Technologies: Node.js Javascript & Typescript AWS & GCP Clouds. Python & machine learning using Pandas, SKLearn, NumPy, TPOT Big Data – Enterprise Technical leader using PySpark, Hive, HDFS etc. Deep Learning with TensorFlow Kafka Conceptual Enterprise architecture Reactive & Serverless using firebase. React & React native. Agile & CI/CD Solidity & Ethereum. No-SQL: Neo4J, MongoDB, Redis, couchbaseDB


Puerto Princesa is one of the famous tourist spot in the islands of the Philippines. Its white sand and clear water reflect the beauty of nature.
During daytime, there are lots of sports activites like:
Here is the link for more information and travel guide.
Boracay island is the most famous tourist spot in the Philippines.  You can also enjoy the nightlife in Boracay with bars and clubs located at the beachfront.
Here are some list of activities in Boracay:
Here is the link for more travel guides and activities.


Brown at Highlanders for three seasons
by Steve HepburnTony Brown may not be coaching the All Blacks but he will be involved with the Highlanders for the next three seasons.
The franchise had signed Brown through until 2022 but that was dependent on his international commitments.
With Brown linked to the main coaching candidates for the vacant All Black position, there was a fear he would coach for the 2020 season only and then move on.
However, with Brown joining Brave Blossoms head coach Jamie Joseph in Japan through until the next World Cup, he is now able to coach the Highlanders for the next three seasons.
Highlanders chief executive Roger Clark is thrilled Brown has confirmed he will stay until 2022 with the Highlanders.
"It is a massive coup for us. Everybody wants him - the All Blacks wanted him and now we have got him for the next three years," Clark said.
"It's incredibly exciting for our fans."
Clark said it was a real boost for the young players in the team to have Brown involved on the attack side.
Brown, who will be the attack coach and also be in charge of the game plan, would have a significant workload through the year but, with the way Super Rugby was structured, it should be manageable, Clark said.
The Super Rugby season will start early next year - the first round is in late January and it will be over by June.
The test windows are in July and November, when the Highlanders are not playing.
From 2021, the Super Rugby competition will go from mid to late February to the end of June when it reverts to a true round-robin format.
Clark said Brown had been doing two jobs for a good while so he was used to it and was a good manager of time.
Brown was also an assistant coach and not the head coach, so that would make his job easier.


File: src/away/core/library/IDUtil.ts
///<reference path="../../_definitions.ts"/> module away.library { export class IDUtil { /** * @private * Char codes for<PHONE_NUMBER>ABCDEF */ private static ALPHA_CHAR_CODES = [48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70]; /** * Generates a UID (unique identifier) based on ActionScript's * pseudo-random number generator and the current time. * *
The UID has the form * "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX" * where X is a hexadecimal digit (0-9, A-F).
 * *
This UID will not be truly globally unique; but it is the best * we can do without player support for UID generation.
 * * @return The newly-generated UID. * * @langversion 3.0 * @playerversion Flash 9 * @playerversion AIR 1.1 * @productversion Flex 3 */ public static createUID():string { var uid = new Array(36); var index:number = 0; var i:number; var j:number; for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) uid[index++] = IDUtil.ALPHA_CHAR_CODES[Math.floor(Math.random()*16)]; for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { uid[index++] = 45; // charCode for "-" for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) uid[index++] = IDUtil.ALPHA_CHAR_CODES[Math.floor(Math.random()*16)]; } uid[index++] = 45; // charCode for "-" var time:number = new Date().getTime(); // Note: time is the number of milliseconds since 1970, // which is currently more than one trillion. // We use the low 8 hex digits of this number in the UID. // Just in case the system clock has been reset to // Jan 1-4, 1970 (in which case this number could have only // 1-7 hex digits), we pad on the left with 7 zeros // before taking the low digits. var timeString:string = ("0000000" + time.toString(16).toUpperCase()).substr(-8); for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) uid[index++] = timeString.charCodeAt(i); for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) uid[index++] = IDUtil.ALPHA_CHAR_CODES[Math.floor(Math.random()*16)]; return String.fromCharCode.apply(null, uid); } /** * Returns the decimal representation of a hex digit. * @private private static getDigit(hex:string):number { switch (hex) { case "A": case "a": return 10; case "B": case "b": return 11; case "C": case "c": return 12; case "D": case "d": return 13; case "E": case "e": return 14; case "F": case "f": return 15; default: return new uint(hex); } } */ } }


Pick A Number!
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A number AND string game!


UPDATE (26/04/16):
Installation on a USB 3.0 drive: It fails on grub normal installation. So I boot again with the first USB drive and type c
at GRUB and use instructions listed below to boot the USB 3.0 recent installed Ubuntu. After that I got my WIFI dongle (my built-in WIFI card is still not working) and follow this GRUB instructions:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-efi-ia32
sudo nano /etc/default/grub
Find the line starting GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT and add intel_idle.max_cstate=0 before quiet splash”.
sudo update-grub
Now I just need the USB 3.0 to boot my system, without changing (for now) my Windows installation.
UPDATE (22-24/04/16):
I forgot to write how to boot on USB-EFI. With the device off, you need to press POWER + VOLUME_UP + VOLUME_DOWN
and keep both volume buttons after it turned on, until you see the screen with selection buttons.
Now that Ubuntu 16.04 was released I’ll try to make a stable version of it.
I got touch screen working with this driver. I’m planning to submit a pull request with Chuwi Vi 10 driver extracted from my Windows 10 driver to their firmware repository.
UPDATE (19/12/15):
Intel video acceleration on Ubuntu 15.10 USB drive works out of the box. To test it:
$ /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p
In Ubuntu 16.04 (which is in testing now but will be LTS) video acceleration do not work all times.
I’m writing this post to summarize all stuff I’ve been trying on my Chuwi Vi 10 tablet to work with Ubuntu.
Here is some aspects of it:
| Component | Specs |
|---|---|
| CPU | Intel Z3736F |
| Audio | Realtek ALC 5642 (byt_rt5640) |
| MIPI Panel | Panasonic 19x12 |
| WIFI | Realtek RGN RTL8723BS |
| Rear camera | Lite-On 13P2BA829 |
| Front camera | Lite-On 13P2BA829 |
| Bluetooth | Realtek RGN RTL8723BS |
| Charger | X-Powers integrated (AXP288) |
| Fuel Gauge | X-Powers integrated (AXP288) |
| ALS Sensor | Capella CM32181 |
| Gyro Sensor | Bosch BMG 160 |
| Accel/Compass | Bosch BMC 150 |
| Touchscreen | Silead touch |
To boot I made an Ubuntu 14.04 (I tested 15.10 and it boot too) USB drive with Rufus on Windows. The boot need to be made with GPT but I didn’t have time to have an working USB drive created on Ubuntu yet. After created, I put bootia32.efi file at /EFI/boot/
Ubuntu USB drive directory.
If you have no graphics after grub, you can type e
in grub menu to edit the line starting on linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi...
, remove quite splash
and add nomodeset reboot=pci,force
in the end.
Using the option Try Ubuntu
you would be able to install like in any other computer.
After installation, you need to boot from USB drive again and compile Grub inside your installation, to do so you need any USB dongle for WIFI connection. You can find this instructions here. When Grub starts, type c
to enter command line and type:
linux (hd2,gpt5)/boot/vmlinuz-3.13-xxxx root=/dev/mmcblk0p5 video=VGA-1:1368x768e reboot=pci,force
initrd (hd2,gpt5)/boot/initrd-3.13-xxxx
boot
After booting you need to install some stuff, and clone Grub repository to compile it:
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install git bison libopts25 libselinux1-dev autogen m4 autoconf help2man libopts25-dev flex libfont-freetype-perl automake autotools-dev libfreetype6-dev texinfo ia32_libs build_essential
The package ia32_libs
maybe a problem because, apparently, it is not anymore on Ubuntu 14.04. To install it try:
$ sudo -i
# cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d
# echo "deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main restricted universe multiverse" >ia32-libs-raring.list
# apt-get update
# apt-get install ia32-libs
Then get the Grub source:
$ git clone git://git.savannah.gnu.org/grub.git
Now build it:
$ cd grub
$ ./autogen.sh
$ ./configure --with-platform=efi --target=i386 --program-prefix=""
$ make
And install to efi:
$ cd grub-core
$ sudo ../grub-install -d . --efi-directory /boot/efi/ --target=i386
This will create a directory, ‘grub’, in your EFI partition. We want to copy the grubia32.efi from there to the location Ubuntu created during installation:
$ cd /boot/efi/EFI
$ sudo cp grub/grubia32.efi ubuntu/grubx64.efi
After this command you should be able to boot directly to your new Ubuntu installation.
I’ll (hope to) continue to update this with improvements. I have a Dell Venue 8 Pro working with some Kernel 4.x which already have better support for Atom processors. So the idea is to have a newer Ubuntu (probably 15.10 which were already released, or a testing version) in order to get at least basic stuff working.
Some other sources:
- http://techtablets.com/chuwi-vi10/review/
- http://forum.xda-developers.com/windows-8-rt/general/chuwi-vi10-dual-boot-win-8-1-android-4-4-t3112954


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|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
See:
Description
| Interface Summary | |
|---|---|
| ClassLoadingMXBean | The management interface for the class loading system of the Java virtual machine. |
| CompilationMXBean | The management interface for the compilation system of the Java virtual machine. |
| GarbageCollectorMXBean | The management interface for the garbage collection of the Java virtual machine. |
| MemoryManagerMXBean | The management interface for a memory manager. |
| MemoryMXBean | The management interface for the memory system of the Java virtual machine. |
| MemoryPoolMXBean | The management interface for a memory pool. |
| OperatingSystemMXBean | The management interface for the operating system on which the Java virtual machine is running. |
| RuntimeMXBean | The management interface for the runtime system of the Java virtual machine. |
| ThreadMXBean | The management interface for the thread system of the Java virtual machine. |
| Class Summary | |
|---|---|
| ManagementFactory | The ManagementFactory class is a factory class for getting managed beans for the Java platform. |
| ManagementPermission | The permission which the SecurityManager will check when code that is running with a SecurityManager calls methods defined in the management interface for the Java platform. |
| MemoryNotificationInfo | The information about a memory notification. |
| MemoryUsage | A MemoryUsage object represents a snapshot of memory usage. |
| ThreadInfo | Thread information. |
| Enum Summary | |
|---|---|
| MemoryType | Types of memory pools . |
Provides the management interface for monitoring and management of the Java virtual machine as well as the operating system on which the Java virtual machine is running. It allows both local and remote monitoring and management of the running Java virtual machine.
Management Interface
Description
ClassLoadingMXBean
Class loading system of the Java virtual machine. CompilationMXBean
Compilation system of the Java virtual machine. MemoryMXBean
Memory system of the Java virtual machine. ThreadMXBean
Threads system of the Java virtual machine. RuntimeMXBean
Runtime system of the Java virtual machine. OperatingSystemMXBean
Operating system on which the Java virtual machine is running. GarbageCollectorMXBean
Garbage collector in the Java virtual machine. MemoryManagerMXBean
Memory manager in the Java virtual machine. MemoryPoolMXBean
Memory pool in the Java virtual machine.
A platform MXBean is a managed bean that defines the management interface for one component for the platform and is specified in the ManagementFactory class.
An application can monitor the instrumentation of the Java virtual machine and manage certain characteristics in the following ways:
MBeanServer
by calling
ManagementFactory.newPlatformMXBeanProxy
.
A proxy is typically constructed to remotely access
an MXBean of another running virtual machine.MBeanServer
interface
platform MBeanServer
to access MXBeans locally or
a specific MBeanServerConnection to access
MXBeans remotely.
The attributes and operations of an MXBean use only
JMX open types which include basic data types,
CompositeData
,
and TabularData
defined in OpenType
.
ManagementFactory
class is the management
factory class for the Java platform. This class provides a set of
static factory methods to obtain the MXBeans for the Java platform
to allow an application to access the MXBeans directly.
A platform MBeanServer can be accessed with the
getPlatformMBeanServer
method. On the first call to this method,
it creates the platform MBeanServer and registers all platform MXBeans
including platform MXBeans defined in other packages such as
LoggingMXBean
.
Each platform MXBean is registered with a unique name defined in the
ManagementFactory
class
for constructing ObjectName
.
This is a single MBeanServer that can be shared by different managed
components running within the same Java virtual machine.
open types
and
this allows interoperation across versions.
A data type used by the MXBean interfaces are mapped to
an open type when being accessed via MBeanServer interface.
The data type mapping is specified in the
ManagementFactory
class.
RuntimeMXBean mxbean = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean(); // Get the standard attribute "VmVendor" String vendor = mxbean.getVmVendor();
MBeanServerConnection mbs; // Connect to a running JVM (or itself) and get MBeanServerConnection // that has the JVM MXBeans registered in it ... try { // Assuming the RuntimeMXBean has been registered in mbs ObjectName oname = new ObjectName(ManagementFactory.RUNTIME_MXBEAN_NAME); // Get standard attribute "VmVendor" String vendor = (String) mbs.getAttribute(oname, "VmVendor"); } catch (....) { // Catch the exceptions thrown by ObjectName constructor // and MBeanServer.getAttribute method ... }
MBeanServerConnection mbs; // Connect to a running JVM (or itself) and get MBeanServerConnection // that has the JVM MBeans registered in it ... // Get a MBean proxy for RuntimeMXBean interface RuntimeMXBean proxy = ManagementFactory.newPlatformMXBeanProxy(mbs, ManagementFactory.RUNTIME_MXBEAN_NAME, RuntimeMXBean.class); // Get standard attribute "VmVendor" String vendor = proxy.getVmVendor();
It is recommended to name the platform-specific attributes with a vendor-specific prefix such as the vendor's name to avoid collisions of the attribute name between the future extension to the standard management interface and the platform extension. If the future extension to the standard management interface defines a new attribute for a management interface and the attribute name is happened to be same as some vendor-specific attribute's name, the applications accessing that vendor-specific attribute would have to be modified to cope with versioning and compatibility issues.
Below is an example showing how to access a platform-specific attribute from Sun's implementation of the RuntimeMXBean.
1) Direct access to the Sun-specific MXBean interface
com.sun.management.RuntimeMXBean mxbean = (com.sun.management.RuntimeMXBean) ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean(); // Get the standard attribute "VmVendor" String vendor = mxbean.getVmVendor(); // Get the platform-specific attribute "Bar" BarType bar = mxbean.getBar();
2) Access the Sun-specific MXBean interface via MBeanServer
MBeanServerConnection mbs; // Connect to a running JVM (or itself) and get MBeanServerConnection // that has the JVM MXBeans registered in it ... try { // Assuming the RuntimeMXBean has been registered in mbs ObjectName oname = new ObjectName(ManagementFactory.RUNTIME_MXBEAN_NAME); // Get standard attribute "VmVendor" String vendor = (String) mbs.getAttribute(oname, "VmVendor"); // Check if this MXBean contains Sun's extension if (mbs.isInstanceOf(oname, "com.sun.management.RuntimeMXBean")) { // Get platform-specific attribute "Bar" BarType bar = (String) mbs.getAttribute(oname, "Bar"); } } catch (....) { // Catch the exceptions thrown by ObjectName constructor // and MBeanServer methods ... }
Unless otherwise noted, passing a null argument to a constructor
or method in any class or interface in this package will cause a NullPointerException
to be thrown.
|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
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Copyright © 2004, 2010 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.


Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center
EPA Grant Number: CR831276Subproject: this is subproject number R831276 , established and managed by the Center Director under a main grant
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: Ho, Tho C.
Title: Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center
Investigators: Ho, Tho C.
Institution: Lamar University
EPA Project Officer: Lasat, Mitch
Project Period: December 1, 2003 through August 31, 2007
RFA: Targeted Research Center (2004) Recipients Lists
Research Category: Hazardous Waste/Remediation , Targeted Research
Objective:
The overall objective of the Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center (GCHSRC) is to conduct research to provide more effective hazardous substance response and waste management throughout the Gulf Coast. During Year 1 of the project, the GCHSRC’s research program supported 16 projects that addressed a wide range of environmental needs associated with Gulf Coast industries. Research projects were funded in all three of the Center’s major focus areas: site remediation, pollution prevention, and waste treatment. These projects, conducted by the nine member universities of the Center, addressed multimedia environmental issues related to pollutants in soil, water, and air and involved both biological and physical-chemical processes.
Although each funded project is separately reported, the significant accomplishments from the funded projects are summarized below. In general, the funded projects have achieved various degrees of success in terms of the objectives, goals, and milestones established for the projects. The accomplishments related to the educational component have included the training of undergraduate students, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows; accomplishments related to the technology transfer component have included the completion of theses and dissertations, publication of papers, and presentations at conferences.
Journal Articles: 18 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
| Other center views: | All 64 publications | 19 publications in selected types | All 18 journal articles |
|---|
| Type | Citation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
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Cang Y, Roberts DJ, Clifford DA. Development of cultures capable of reducing perchlorate and nitrate in high salt solutions. Water Research 2004;38(14-15):3322-3330. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C017 (2004) |
Exit Exit Exit |
|
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Chen DH, Ye X, Li K. Oxidation of PCE with a UV LED photocatalytic reactor. Chemical Engineering & Technology 2005;28(1):95-97. |
CR831276 (Final) R828598 (Final) R828598C744 (Final) R831276C004 (2004) |
Exit |
|
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El-Halwagi MM, Glasgow IM, Qin X, Eden MR. Property integration: componentless design techniques and visualization tools. AIChE Journal 2004;50(8):1854-1869. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C006 (2004) |
Exit |
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Hernandez R, Zappi M, Kuo C-H. Chloride effect on TNT degradation by zerovalent iron or zinc during water treatment. Environmental Science & Technology 2004;38(19):5157-5163. |
R831276C008 (2004) |
Exit Exit |
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Ho TC, Kobayashi N, Lee Y, Lin J, Hopper JR. Experimental and kinetic study of mercury adsorption on various activated carbons in a fixed bed adsorber. Environmental Engineering Science 2004;21(1):21-27. |
CR831276 (Final) R828598 (Final) R828598C697 (Final) R831276C005 (2004) |
Exit |
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Huang C, Chen DH, Li K. Photocatalytic oxidation of butyraldehyde over titania in air: by-product identification and reaction pathways. Chemical Engineering Communications 2003;190(3):373-392. |
CR831276 (Final) R828598 (Final) R828598C744 (2001) R831276C004 (2004) |
Exit |
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Kazantzi V, Harell D, Gabriel F, Qin X, El-Halwagi MM. Property-based integration for sustainable development. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering 2004;18:1069-1074. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C006 (2004) |
Exit |
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Lin C-J, Ho TC, Chu H-W, Yang H, Mojica MJ, Krishnarajanagar N, Chiou P, Hopper JR. A comparative study of US EPA 1996 and 1999 emission inventories in the west Gulf of Mexico coast region, USA. Journal of Environmental Management 2005;75(4):303-313. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C012 (2004) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Lin C-J, Pongprueksa P, Bullock Jr. OR, Lindberg SE, Pehkonen SO, Jang C, Braverman T, Ho TC. Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models II: sensitivity analysis in the CONUS domain. Atmospheric Environment 2007;41(31):6544-6560. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C012 (2004) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Lin C-J, Lindberg SE, Ho TC, Jang C. Development of a processor in BEIS3 for estimating vegetative mercury emission in the continental United States. Atmospheric Environment 2005;39(39):7529-7540. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C012 (2004) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Lin C-J, Pongprueksa P, Lindberg SE, Pehkonen SO, Byun D, Jang C. Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models I: model science evaluation. Atmospheric Environment 2006;40(16):2911-2928. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C012 (2004) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Lou HH, Kulkarni MA, Singh A, Hopper JR. Sustainability assessment of industrial systems. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2004;43(15):4233-4242. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C014 (2004) |
Exit Exit |
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Lou HH, Kulkarni MA, Singh A, Huang YL. A game theory based approach for emergy analysis of industrial ecosystem under uncertainty. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2004;6(3):156-161. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C014 (2004) |
Exit Exit |
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Malachowski L, Holcombe JA. Immobilized poly-L-histidine for chelation of metal cations and metal oxyanions. Analytica Chimica Acta 2003;495(1-2):151-163. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C009 (2004) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Malachowski L, Holcombe JA. Comparison of immobilized poly-L-aspartic acid and poly-L-glutamic acid for chelation of metal cations. Analytica Chimica Acta 2004;517(1-2):187-193. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C009 (2004) |
Exit Exit Exit |
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Malachowski L, Stair JL, Holcombe JA. Immobilized peptides/amino acids on solid supports for metal remediation. Pure and Applied Chemistry 2004;76(4):777-787. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C009 (2004) |
Exit Exit |
|
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Qin X, Gabriel F, Harell D, El-Halwagi MM. Algebraic techniques for property integration via componentless design. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2004;43(14):3792-3798. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C006 (2004) |
Exit |
|
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Xu A, Indala S, Hertwig TA, Pike RW, Knopf FC, Yaws CL, Hopper JR. Development and integration of new processes consuming carbon dioxide in multi-plant chemical production complexes. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2005;7(2):97-115. |
CR831276 (Final) R831276C014 (2004) |
Exit Exit |
Supplemental Keywords:
waste, ecological risk assessment, environmental engineering, hazardous waste, advanced treatment technologies, bioremediation, contaminated waste sites, groundwater contamination, petroleum contaminants, hydrocarbon, HSRC,, RFA, Scientific Discipline, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, Waste, POLLUTANTS/TOXICS, Environmental Chemistry, Chemicals, Hazardous Waste, Hazardous, Environmental Engineering, contaminated sediments, hazardous waste management, hazardous waste treatment, groundwater remediation, remediation, contaminated groundwater, reductive dechlorinationProgress and Final Reports:
2004 Progress ReportFinal Report
Subprojects under this Center: (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R831276C001 DNAPL Source Control by Reductive Dechlorination with Fe(II)
R831276C002 Arsenic Removal and Stabilization with Synthesized Pyrite
R831276C003 A Large-Scale Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Ethanol on Groundwater Contamination
R831276C004 Visible-Light-Responsive Titania Modified with Aerogel/Ferroelectric Optical Materials for VOC Oxidation
R831276C005 Development of a Microwave-Induced On-Site Regeneration Technology for Advancing the Control of Mercury and VOC Emissions Employing Activated Carbon
R831276C006 Pollution Prevention through Functionality Tracking and Property Integration
R831276C007 Compact Nephelometer System for On-Line Monitoring of Particulate Matter Emissions
R831276C008 Effect of Pitting Corrosion Promoters on the Treatment of Waters Contaminated with a Nitroaromatic Compounds Using Integrated Reductive/Oxidative Processes
R831276C009 Linear Polymer Chain and Bioengineered Chelators for Metals Remediation
R831276C010 Treatment of Perchlorate Contaminated Water Using a Combined Biotic/Abiotic Process
R831276C011 Rapid Determination of Microbial Pathways for Pollutant Degradation
R831276C012 Simulations of the Emission, Transport, Chemistry and Deposition of Atmospheric Mercury in the Upper Gulf Coast Region
R831276C013 Reduction of Environmental Impact and Improvement of Intrinsic Security in Unsteady-state
R831276C014 Integrated Chemical Complex and Cogeneration Analysis System: Greenhouse Gas Management and Pollution Prevention Solutions
R831276C015 Improved Combustion Catalysts for NOx Emission Reduction
R831276C016 A Large-Scale Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Ethanol on Groundwater Contamination
R831276C017 Minimization of Hazardous Ion-Exchange Brine Waste by Biological Treatment of Perchlorate and Nitrate to Allow Brine Recycle
R831276C018 Integrated Chemical Complex and Cogeneration Analysis System: Greenhouse Gas Management and Pollution Prevention Solutions


CSPICE_SUBPNT computes the rectangular coordinates of the
sub-observer point on a target body at a specified epoch,
optionally corrected for light time and stellar aberration.
The surface of the target body may be represented by a triaxial
ellipsoid or by topographic data provided by DSK files.
This routine supersedes cspice_subpt, which does not have an input
argument for the target body-fixed frame name.
Given:
method a short string providing parameters defining
the computation method to be used. In the syntax
descriptions below, items delimited by brackets
are optional.
[1,c1] = size(method); char = class(method)
or
[1,1] = size(method); cell = class(method)
`method' may be assigned the following values:
'NEAR POINT/ELLIPSOID'
The sub-observer point computation uses a
triaxial ellipsoid to model the surface of the
target body. The sub-observer point is defined
as the nearest point on the target relative to
the observer.
The word 'NADIR' may be substituted for the phrase
'NEAR POINT' in the string above.
For backwards compatibility, the older syntax
'Near point: ellipsoid'
is accepted as well.
'INTERCEPT/ELLIPSOID'
The sub-observer point computation uses a
triaxial ellipsoid to model the surface of the
target body. The sub-observer point is defined
as the target surface intercept of the line
containing the observer and the target's
center.
For backwards compatibility, the older syntax
'Intercept: ellipsoid'
is accepted as well.
'NADIR/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED[/SURFACES = <surface list>]'
The sub-observer point computation uses DSK data
to model the surface of the target body. The
sub-observer point is defined as the intercept, on
the surface represented by the DSK data, of the
line containing the observer and the nearest point
on the target's reference ellipsoid. If multiple
such intercepts exist, the one closest to the
observer is selected.
Note that this definition of the sub-observer
point is not equivalent to the "nearest point on
the surface to the observer." The phrase 'NEAR
POINT' may NOT be substituted for 'NADIR' in the
string above.
The surface list specification is optional. The
syntax of the list is
<surface 1> [, <surface 2>...]
If present, it indicates that data only for the
listed surfaces are to be used; however, data
need not be available for all surfaces in the
list. If absent, loaded DSK data for any surface
associated with the target body are used.
The surface list may contain surface names or
surface ID codes. Names containing blanks must
be delimited by double quotes, for example
'SURFACES = "Mars MEGDR 128 PIXEL/DEG"'
If multiple surfaces are specified, their names
or IDs must be separated by commas.
See the Particulars section below for details
concerning use of DSK data.
'INTERCEPT/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED[/SURFACES = <surface list>]'
The sub-observer point computation uses DSK data
to model the surface of the target body. The
sub-observer point is defined as the target
surface intercept of the line containing the
observer and the target's center.
If multiple such intercepts exist, the one closest
to the observer is selected.
The surface list specification is optional. The
syntax of the list is identical to that for the
NADIR option described above.
Neither case nor white space are significant in
`method', except within double-quoted strings. For
example, the string ' eLLipsoid/nearpoint ' is valid.
Within double-quoted strings, blank characters are
significant, but multiple consecutive blanks are
considered equivalent to a single blank. Case is
not significant. So
"Mars MEGDR 128 PIXEL/DEG"
is equivalent to
" mars megdr 128 pixel/deg "
but not to
"MARS MEGDR128PIXEL/DEG"
target the name of the target body. The target
body is an ephemeris object (its trajectory is given by
SPK data), and is an extended object.
[1,c2] = size(target); char = class(target)
or
[1,1] = size(target); cell = class(target)
The string 'target' is case-insensitive, and leading
and trailing blanks in 'target' are not significant.
Optionally, you may supply a string containing the
integer ID code for the object. For example both
'MOON' and '301' are legitimate strings that indicate
the moon is the target body.
When the target body's surface is represented by a
tri-axial ellipsoid, this routine assumes that a
kernel variable representing the ellipsoid's radii is
present in the kernel pool. Normally the kernel
variable would be defined by loading a PCK file.
et the epoch(s), expressed as seconds past J2000 TDB, of the
observer: 'et' is the epoch at which the observer's state
is computed.
[1,n] = size(et); double = class(et)
When aberration corrections are not used, 'et' is also
the epoch at which the position and orientation of
the target body are computed.
When aberration corrections are used, 'et' is the epoch
at which the observer's state relative to the solar
system barycenter is computed; in this case the
position and orientation of the target body are
computed at et-lt or et+lt, where 'lt' is the one-way
light time between the sub-observer point and the
observer, and the sign applied to 'lt' depends on the
selected correction. See the description of 'abcorr'
below for details.
fixref the name of a body-fixed reference frame centered
on the target body. `fixref' may be any such frame
supported by the SPICE system, including built-in
frames (documented in the Frames Required Reading)
and frames defined by a loaded frame kernel (FK). The
string `fixref' is case-insensitive, and leading and
trailing blanks in `fixref' are not significant.
[1,c3] = size(fixref); char = class(fixref)
or
[1,1] = size(fixref); cell = class(fixref)
The output sub-observer point `spoint' and the
observer-to-sub-observer point vector `srfvec' will be
expressed relative to this reference frame.
abcorr the aberration correction to apply when computing the
observer-target state and the orientation of the target body.
[1,c4] = size(abcorr); char = class(abcorr)
or
[1,1] = size(abcorr); cell = class(abcorr)
For remote sensing applications, where the apparent
sub-observer point seen by the observer is desired,
normally either of the corrections
'LT+S'
'CN+S'
should be used. These and the other supported options
are described below. 'abcorr' may be any of the
following:
'NONE' Apply no correction. Return the
geometric sub-observer point on the
target body.
Let 'lt' represent the one-way light time between the
observer and the sub-observer point (note: NOT
between the observer and the target body's center).
The following values of 'abcorr' apply to the
"reception" case in which photons depart from the
sub-observer point's location at the light-time
corrected epoch et-lt and *arrive* at the observer's
location at 'et':
'LT' Correct for one-way light time (also
called "planetary aberration") using a
Newtonian formulation. This correction
yields the location of sub-observer
point at the moment it emitted photons
arriving at the observer at 'et'.
The light time correction uses an
iterative solution of the light time
equation. The solution invoked by the
'LT' option uses one iteration.
Both the target position as seen by the
observer, and rotation of the target
body, are corrected for light time.
'LT+S' Correct for one-way light time and
stellar aberration using a Newtonian
formulation. This option modifies the
state obtained with the 'LT' option to
account for the observer's velocity
relative to the solar system
barycenter. The result is the apparent
sub-observer point as seen by the
observer.
'CN' Converged Newtonian light time
correction. In solving the light time
equation, the 'CN' correction iterates
until the solution converges. Both the
position and rotation of the target
body are corrected for light time.
'CN+S' Converged Newtonian light time and
stellar aberration corrections. This
option produces a solution that is at
least as accurate at that obtainable
with the 'LT+S' option. Whether the 'CN+S'
solution is substantially more accurate
depends on the geometry of the
participating objects and on the
accuracy of the input data. In all
cases this routine will execute more
slowly when a converged solution is
computed.
The following values of 'abcorr' apply to the
"transmission" case in which photons *depart* from
the observer's location at 'et' and arrive at the
sub-observer point at the light-time corrected epoch
et+lt:
'XLT' "Transmission" case: correct for
one-way light time using a Newtonian
formulation. This correction yields the
sub-observer location at the moment it
receives photons emitted from the
observer's location at 'et'.
The light time correction uses an
iterative solution of the light time
equation. The solution invoked by the
'LT' option uses one iteration.
Both the target position as seen by the
observer, and rotation of the target
body, are corrected for light time.
'XLT+S' "Transmission" case: correct for
one-way light time and stellar
aberration using a Newtonian
formulation This option modifies the
sub-observer point obtained with the
'XLT' option to account for the
observer's velocity relative to the
solar system barycenter.
'XCN' Converged Newtonian light time
correction. This is the same as XLT
correction but with further iterations
to a converged Newtonian light time
solution.
'XCN+S' "Transmission" case: converged
Newtonian light time and stellar
aberration corrections.
obsrvr the name of the observing body. The
observing body is an ephemeris object: it typically
is a spacecraft, the earth, or a surface point on the
earth. 'obsrvr' is case-insensitive, and leading and
'obsrvr' are not significant. Optionally, you may
trailing blanks in supply a string containing the integer
ID code for the object. For example both 'MOON' and '301'
are legitimate strings that indicate the Moon is the
observer.
[1,c5] = size(obsrvr); char = class(obsrvr)
or
[1,1] = size(obsrvr); cell = class(obsrvr)
the call:
[spoint, trgepc, srfvec] = cspice_subpnt( method, target, ...
et, fixref, ...
abcorr, obsrvr)
returns:
spoint the array(s) defining the sub-observer point
on the target body.
[3,n] = size(spoint); double = class(spoint)
For target shapes modeled by ellipsoids, the
sub-observer point is defined either as the point on
the target body that is closest to the observer, or
the target surface intercept of the line from the
observer to the target's center.
For target shapes modeled by topographic data
provided by DSK files, the sub-observer point is
defined as the target surface intercept of the line
from the observer to either the nearest point on the
reference ellipsoid, or to the target's center. If
multiple such intercepts exist, the one closest to
the observer is selected.
The input argument `method' selects the target shape
model and sub-observer point definition to be used.
`spoint' is expressed in Cartesian coordinates,
relative to the body-fixed target frame designated by
`fixref'. The body-fixed target frame is evaluated at
the sub-observer epoch `trgepc' (see description below).
When light time correction is used, the duration of
light travel between `spoint' to the observer is
considered to be the one way light time.
When aberration corrections are used, `spoint' is
computed using target body position and orientation
that have been adjusted for the corrections
applicable to `spoint' itself rather than to the target
body's center. In particular, if the stellar
aberration correction applicable to `spoint' is
represented by a shift vector S, then the light-time
corrected position of the target is shifted by S
before the sub-observer point is computed.
The components of `spoint' have units of km.
trgepc the "sub-observer point epoch(s)." 'trgepc' is
defined as follows: letting 'lt' be the one-way
light time between the observer and the sub-observer point,
'trgepc' is the epoch et-lt, et+lt, or 'et' depending on
whether the requested aberration correction is,
respectively, for received radiation, transmitted
radiation, or omitted. 'lt' is computed using the
method indicated by 'abcorr'.
[1,n] = size(trgepc); double = class(trgepc)
'trgepc' is expressed as seconds past J2000 TDB.
srfvec the array(s) defining the position vector from
the observer at 'et' to 'spoint'. 'srfvec'
is expressed in the target body-fixed reference frame
designated by 'fixref', evaluated at 'trgepc'.
[3,n] = size(spoint); double = class(spoint)
The components of 'srfvec' are given in units of km.
One can use the CSPICE function vnorm_c to obtain the
distance between the observer and 'spoint':
dist = norm( srfvec )
The observer's position 'obspos', relative to the
target body's center, where the center's position is
corrected for aberration effects as indicated by
'abcorr', can be computed with:
obspos = spoint - srfvec
To transform the vector 'srfvec' from a reference frame
'fixref' at time 'trgepc' to a time-dependent reference
frame 'ref' at time 'et', the routine 'cspice_pxfrm2' should be
called. Let 'xform' be the 3x3 matrix representing the
rotation from the reference frame 'fixref' at time
'trgepc' to the reference frame 'ref' at time 'et'. Then
'srfvec' can be transformed to the result 'refvec' as
follows:
xform = cspice_pxfrm2 ( fixref, ref, trgepc, et )
refvec = xform * srfvec
'spoint', 'trgepc', and 'srfvec' return with the same
vectorization measure, N, as 'et'.
Any numerical results shown for this example may differ between
platforms as the results depend on the SPICE kernels used as input
and the machine specific arithmetic implementation.
Find the sub-Earth point on Mars for a specified time. Perform
the computation twice, using both the "intercept" and "near
point" options. Display the location of both the Earth and the
sub-Earth point using both planetocentric and planetographic
coordinates.
%
% Load kernel files via the meta-kernel.
%
cspice_furnsh( '/kernels/standard.tm' );
%
% Convert the UTC request time to ET (seconds past
% J2000, TDB).
%
et0 = cspice_str2et( '2008 aug 11 00:00:00' );
%
% Create a vector of times. The code will also run for 'et'
% a scalar.
%
et = [0:10]*cspice_spd + et0;
%
% Look up the target body's radii. We'll use these to
% convert Cartesian to planetodetic coordinates. Use
% the radii to compute the flattening coefficient of
% the reference ellipsoid.
%
radii = cspice_bodvrd( 'MARS', 'RADII', 3 );
%
% Let RE and RP be, respectively, the equatorial and
% polar radii of the target.
%
re = radii(1);
rp = radii(3);
f = ( re-rp)/re;
%
% Compute sub-observer point using light time and stellar
% aberration corrections. Use the "target surface intercept"
% definition of the sub-observer point on the first loop
% iteration, and use the "near point" definition on the
% second.
%
method = { 'Intercept: ellipsoid', 'Near point: ellipsoid' };
for i=1:2
[spoint, trgepc, srfvec] = cspice_subpnt( method(i), ...
'MARS', et, 'IAU_MARS', 'LT+S', 'EARTH' );
N = size(spoint, 2);
%
% Compute the observer's distance from SPOINT.
%
odist = norm(srfvec);
%
% Convert the sub-observer point's rectangular coordinates
% to planetographic longitude, latitude and altitude.
% Convert radians to degrees.
%
[ spglon, spglat, spgalt] = cspice_recpgr( 'mars', spoint, re, f );
spglon = spglon * cspice_dpr;
spglat = spglat * cspice_dpr;
%
% Convert sub-observer point's rectangular coordinates to
% planetocentric radius, longitude, and latitude. Convert
% radians to degrees.
%
[ spcrad, spclon, spclat ] =cspice_reclat( spoint ) ;
spclon = spclon * cspice_dpr;
spclat = spclat * cspice_dpr;
%
% Compute the observer's position relative to the center of the
% target, where the center's location has been adjusted using
% the aberration corrections applicable to the sub-point.
% Express the observer's location in geodetic coordinates.
%
obspos = spoint - srfvec;
[ opglon, opglat, opgalt] = cspice_recpgr( 'mars', obspos, re, f );
opglon = opglon * cspice_dpr;
opglat = opglat * cspice_dpr;
%
% Convert the observer's rectangular coordinates to planetodetic
% longitude, latitude and altitude. Convert radians to degrees.
%
[opcrad, opclon, opclat] = cspice_reclat( obspos ) ;
opclon = opclon * cspice_dpr;
opclat = opclat * cspice_dpr;
utcstr = cspice_et2utc( et, 'C', 6);
for j=1:N
fprintf( 'Computational Method %s\n\n', char(method(i)) )
fprintf( 'Time (UTC): %s\n', ...
utcstr(j,:) )
fprintf( ...
'Observer altitude (km) = %21.9f\n', ...
opgalt(j) )
fprintf( ...
'Length of SRFVEC (km) = %21.9f\n', ...
norm(srfvec(:,j)) )
fprintf( ...
'Sub-observer point altitude (km) = %21.9f\n', ...
spgalt(j) )
fprintf( ...
'Sub-observer planetographic longitude (deg) = %21.9f\n', ...
spglon(j) )
fprintf( ...
'Observer planetographic longitude (deg) = %21.9f\n', ...
opglon(j) )
fprintf( ...
'Sub-observer planetographic latitude (deg) = %21.9f\n', ...
spglat(j) )
fprintf( ...
'Observer planetographic latitude (deg) = %21.9f\n', ...
opglat(j) )
fprintf( ...
'Sub-observer planetocentric longitude (deg) = %21.9f\n', ...
spclon(j) )
fprintf( ...
'Observer planetocentric longitude (deg) = %21.9f\n', ...
opclon(j) )
fprintf( ...
'Sub-observer planetocentric latitude (deg) = %21.9f\n', ...
spclat(j) )
fprintf( ...
'Observer planetocentric latitude (deg) = %21.9f\n', ...
opclat(j) )
fprintf( '\n')
end
end
%
% It's always good form to unload kernels after use,
% particularly in MATLAB due to data persistence.
%
cspice_kclear
MATLAB outputs:
Computational Method Intercept: ellipsoid
Observer altitude (km) = 349199089.604656994
Length of SRFVEC (km) = 349199089.641352594
Sub-observer point altitude (km) = -0.000000000
Sub-observer planetographic longitude (deg) =<PHONE_NUMBER>18
Observer planetographic longitude (deg) =<PHONE_NUMBER>18
Sub-observer planetographic latitude (deg) = 26.262401078
Observer planetographic latitude (deg) = 25.994936593
Sub-observer planetocentric longitude (deg) =<PHONE_NUMBER>82
Observer planetocentric longitude (deg) =<PHONE_NUMBER>82
Sub-observer planetocentric latitude (deg) = 25.994934013
Observer planetocentric latitude (deg) = 25.994934013
Computational Method Near point: ellipsoid
Observer altitude (km) = 349199089.604648590
Length of SRFVEC (km) = 349199089.604648590
Sub-observer point altitude (km) = -0.000000000
Sub-observer planetographic longitude (deg) =<PHONE_NUMBER>19
Observer planetographic longitude (deg) =<PHONE_NUMBER>19
Sub-observer planetographic latitude (deg) = 25.994936593
Observer planetographic latitude (deg) = 25.994936593
Sub-observer planetocentric longitude (deg) =<PHONE_NUMBER>81
Observer planetocentric longitude (deg) =<PHONE_NUMBER>81
Sub-observer planetocentric latitude (deg) = 25.729407071
Observer planetocentric latitude (deg) = 25.994934013
A sister version of this routine exists named mice_subpnt that returns
the output arguments as fields in a single structure.
For ellipsoidal target bodies, there are two different popular
ways to define the sub-observer point: "nearest point on the
target to the observer" or "target surface intercept of the line
containing observer and target." These coincide when the target
is spherical and generally are distinct otherwise.
For target body shapes modeled using topographic data provided by
DSK files, the "surface intercept" notion is valid, but the
"nearest point on the surface" computation is both inefficient to
execute and may fail to yield a result that is "under" the
observer in an intuitively clear way. The NADIR option for DSK
shapes instead finds the surface intercept of a ray that passes
through the nearest point on the target reference ellipsoid. For
shapes modeled using topography, there may be multiple
ray-surface intercepts; the closest one to the observer is
selected.
The NADIR definition makes sense only if the target shape is
reasonably close to the target's reference ellipsoid. If the
target is very different---the nucleus of comet
Churyumov-Gerasimenko is an example---the intercept definition
should be used.
This routine computes light time corrections using light time
between the observer and the sub-observer point, as opposed to
the center of the target. Similarly, stellar aberration
corrections done by this routine are based on the direction of
the vector from the observer to the light-time corrected
sub-observer point, not to the target center. This technique
avoids errors due to the differential between aberration
corrections across the target body. Therefore it's valid to use
aberration corrections with this routine even when the observer
is very close to the sub-observer point, in particular when the
observer to sub-observer point distance is much less than the
observer to target center distance.
When comparing sub-observer point computations with results from
sources other than SPICE, it's essential to make sure the same
geometric definitions are used.
Using DSK data
==============
DSK loading and unloading
-------------------------
DSK files providing data used by this routine are loaded by
calling cspice_furnsh and can be unloaded by calling cspice_unload or
cspice_kclear. See the documentation of cspice_furnsh for limits on
numbers of loaded DSK files.
For run-time efficiency, it's desirable to avoid frequent
loading and unloading of DSK files. When there is a reason to
use multiple versions of data for a given target body---for
example, if topographic data at varying resolutions are to be
used---the surface list can be used to select DSK data to be
used for a given computation. It is not necessary to unload
the data that are not to be used. This recommendation presumes
that DSKs containing different versions of surface data for a
given body have different surface ID codes.
DSK data priority
-----------------
A DSK coverage overlap occurs when two segments in loaded DSK
files cover part or all of the same domain---for example, a
given longitude-latitude rectangle---and when the time
intervals of the segments overlap as well.
When DSK data selection is prioritized, in case of a coverage
overlap, if the two competing segments are in different DSK
files, the segment in the DSK file loaded last takes
precedence. If the two segments are in the same file, the
segment located closer to the end of the file takes
precedence.
When DSK data selection is unprioritized, data from competing
segments are combined. For example, if two competing segments
both represent a surface as sets of triangular plates, the
union of those sets of plates is considered to represent the
surface.
Currently only unprioritized data selection is supported.
Because prioritized data selection may be the default behavior
in a later version of the routine, the UNPRIORITIZED keyword is
required in the `method' argument.
Syntax of the `method' input argument
-----------------------------------
The keywords and surface list in the `method' argument
are called "clauses." The clauses may appear in any
order, for example
'NADIR/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED/<surface list>'
'DSK/NADIR/<surface list>/UNPRIORITIZED'
'UNPRIORITIZED/<surface list>/DSK/NADIR'
The simplest form of the `method' argument specifying use of
DSK data is one that lacks a surface list, for example:
'NADIR/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED'
'INTERCEPT/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED'
For applications in which all loaded DSK data for the target
body are for a single surface, and there are no competing
segments, the above strings suffice. This is expected to be
the usual case.
When, for the specified target body, there are loaded DSK
files providing data for multiple surfaces for that body, the
surfaces to be used by this routine for a given call must be
specified in a surface list, unless data from all of the
surfaces are to be used together.
The surface list consists of the string
'SURFACES = '
followed by a comma-separated list of one or more surface
identifiers. The identifiers may be names or integer codes in
string format. For example, suppose we have the surface
names and corresponding ID codes shown below:
Surface Name ID code
------------ -------
"Mars MEGDR 128 PIXEL/DEG" 1
"Mars MEGDR 64 PIXEL/DEG" 2
"Mars_MRO_HIRISE" 3
If data for all of the above surfaces are loaded, then
data for surface 1 can be specified by either
'SURFACES = 1'
or
'SURFACES = "Mars MEGDR 128 PIXEL/DEG"'
Double quotes are used to delimit the surface name
because it contains blank characters.
To use data for surfaces 2 and 3 together, any
of the following surface lists could be used:
'SURFACES = 2, 3'
'SURFACES = "Mars MEGDR 64 PIXEL/DEG", 3'
'SURFACES = 2, Mars_MRO_HIRISE'
'SURFACES = "Mars MEGDR 64 PIXEL/DEG", Mars_MRO_HIRISE'
An example of a `method' argument that could be constructed
using one of the surface lists above is
'NADIR/DSK/UNPRIORITIZED/SURFACES= "Mars MEGDR 64 PIXEL/DEG",3'
Aberration corrections
----------------------
For irregularly shaped target bodies, the distance between the
observer and the nearest surface intercept need not be a
continuous function of time; hence the one-way light time
between the intercept and the observer may be discontinuous as
well. In such cases, the computed light time, which is found
using iterative algorithm, may converge slowly or not at all.
In all cases, the light time computation will terminate, but
the result may be less accurate than expected.
For important details concerning this module's function, please refer to
the CSPICE routine subpnt_c.
MICE.REQ
DSK.REQ
FRAMES.REQ
PCK.REQ
SPK.REQ
TIME.REQ
-Mice Version 2.0.0, 04-APR-2017, EDW (JPL), NJB (JPL)
Header update to reflect support for use of DSKs.
Vectorized interface on input 'et'.
Edited I/O section to conform to NAIF standard for Mice documentation.
-Mice Version 1.0.2, 25-OCT-2011, SCK (JPL)
References to the new 'cspice_pxfrm2' routine were
added to the 'I/O returns' section.
-Mice Version 1.0.1, 12-MAY-2009, EDW (JPL)
Corrected type in I/O call description. The call description
lacked the 'fixref' argument.
-Mice Version 1.0.0, 30-JAN-2008, EDW (JPL)
find sub-observer point on target body
find sub-spacecraft point on target body
find nearest point to observer on target body
|


This compares the rendering of the blured canvas for different sizes of the miniaturized image. The aim is to determine what is the minimum size that produces a neat result.


---
layout: post
title: links for 2007-01-23
date: 2007-01-23 00:00:00
---
-
-
"a peak of over 2,000 SMS votes per second across its award-winning voting platform, VoteWinner, during the grand final of The X Factor, which was held on Saturday 16 December 2006."
-


Checks if anonymous function can be converted to eta expansion with or without placeholder.
Also checks if placeholder can be removed from eta expansion.
For example
def f(x: Any, y: Int) {}
val x = f(_, _)
val y: (Int, Int) => Unit = f _
can be rewritten as
def f(x: Any, y: Int) {}
val x = A.f _
val y: (Int, Int) => Unit = A.f


Now that you've embarked on an entrepreneurial journey, fill in your startup's details, so that we can configure the Disciplined Entrepreneurship Toolbox for your startup.
Don't worry, you can change it anytime.
To get started with this process, you just need an idea, a technology or an inspiration. But let’s be clear which one of these you are starting with and put a little more definition on "it".
Try to evaluate from the start which aspects are specific for your startup. This profile will help you realize whether your entrepreneurship model is innovation-driven, and thus appropriate for this framework and toolbox.


IDs
Local server ID:
playerSkillIDs value:
Player character ID:
Skill Dump
Paste dump in this box
Process
Select All


WEEK 17 WEDNESDAY
Year 1 (Year 2)
FIRST READING Exodus 34:29-35
A reading from the Book of Exodus
When Moses came down from
The word of the Lord.
RESPONSORIAL PSALM Psalm 99:<IP_ADDRESS> (R. see 9c)
R. You are holy, O Lord our God.
Exalt the LORD our God; bow down before his
footstool. Holy is he!
R. You are holy, O Lord our God.
Among his priests were Aaron and Moses; among those
who invoked his name was Samuel. They cried out to the LORD and he answered.
R. You are holy, O Lord our God.
To them he spoke in
the pillar of cloud. They obeyed his decrees and the statutes which he had
given them.
R. You are holy, O Lord our God.
Exalt the LORD our God; bow down before his holy
mountain, for the LORD our God is holy.
R. You are holy, O Lord our God.
FIRST READING Jeremiah 15:10, 16-21
A reading from the Book of Jeremiah
Woe is me, my mother, that you bore me, a man of strife and contention to the whole land! I have not lent, nor have I borrowed, yet all of them curse me. Your words were found, and I ate them, and your words became to me a joy and the delight of my heart; for I am called by your name, O LORD, God of hosts. I did not sit in the company of merrymakers, nor did I rejoice; I sat alone, because your hand was upon me, for your had filled me with indignation. Why is my pain unceasing, my wound incurable, refusing to be healed? Will you be to me like a deceitful brook, like waters that fail?   They shall turn to you, but you shall not turn to them.  I will deliver you out of the hand of the wicked, and redeem you from the grasp of the ruthless."
The word of the Lord.
RESPONSORIAL PSALM Psalm 59:2-3.4.10-11.17.18 (R. 17d)
R. God is my refuge in the day of my distress.
Rescue me from my foes, O God; protect me from
those who attack me.
See, they lie in wait for my life; the strong band
together against me. For no offence, no sin of mine, O LORD.
R. God is my refuge in the day of my distress.

As for me, I will sing of your strength, and
acclaim your mercy in the morning, for you have been my stronghold, a refuge in
the day of my distress.
R. God is my refuge in the day of my distress.

R. Alleluia. I have called you friends, says the Lord, for all that I have heard from my Father I have made known to you. R. Alleluia.
GOSPEL Matthew 13:44-46
A reading from the holy Gospel according to Matthew
At that time: Jesus said to the crowds, "The
kingdom of heaven is like treasure hidden in a field, which a man found and
covered up; then in his joy he goes and sells all that he has and buys that
field. "Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant in search of fine
pearls, who, on finding one pearl of great value, went and sold all that he had
and bought it.
The Gospel of the Lord.


To change the keyboard shortcut used to activate DTerm:
Choose DTerm > Preferences... from the menu bar.
Select the “General” preferences tab, if not already selected.
Click in the hotkey control next to “Activation hotkey:”, and type your desired new keystroke.


League club
Home
Manage teams
Match
Premiyer League club
Football management system!!!
win Count
draw Count
defeatCount
matchesPlayed
receivedGoalsCount
scoredGoalsCount
101
23
45
50000
67
50000
102
34
456
30000
345
50000
103
Beck
23
40000
3
50000
104
3
43
45000
4
505


inspired by RxJS jQuery examples
Source
Example shows how to implemement FRP concepts with Golang Channels instead


XX years later, Esa’s strong European following remain loyal to the musical dynamism that fuels his creative direction and new releases. The same energy that sparked his niche - a series of electronic music-focused educational programmes in East and South Africa, South America and beyond. From a 2-day workshop in Cuba to a 6-week artist’s residency in Uganda to a chance collaboration with Mexico City’s unsung talent, this curated journey of musical discovery is also an opportunity to expand his own knowledge.
Esa can be heard weaving together the tales of such meetings, and the resulting musical outcomes, on his monthly slot on Gilles Peterson’s Worldwide FM. Ever-charismatic, he sparks intrigue in his listeners, inviting them to accompany him as he creates something special - both in-studio and on the dancefloor. A philosophy that’s supported by his weekly Brixton residency.
Now, with clubs closed and the world plunged into a state of isolation, Esa has been forced to revisit the very togetherness that sets him apart. His latest project - a creative expression of his own experience navigating the global pandemic - pays homage to that, simultaneously acting as an outlet to hone his craft.


{% extends "global/Page.html" %} {% load staticfiles otree_tags %} {% load i18n %} {#--- SCRIPTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#} {% block scripts %} {% endblock %} {#--- STYLES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#} {% block styles %} {% endblock %} {#--- TITLE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#} {% block title %} {% trans "Instructions - Stage 2" %} {% endblock %} {#--- CONTENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#} {% block content %}
{% blocktrans trimmed %} As in Stage 1, you will have 3 minutes’ time in order to correctly solve as many addition exercises as possible. However, your payment in this stage depends on your performance relative to the performance of a group of participants. {% endblocktrans %}
{% trans "Allocation in groups" %}
{% blocktrans trimmed %} Each group consists of 5 participants, all of whom are men. Groups are randomly formed at the beginning of this stage and each participant stays in the same group until the end of Part 1. You will not find out the identity of the other participants in your group during or after the experiment, so that all decisions remain anonymous. {% endblocktrans %}
{% trans "Payment" %}
{% blocktrans trimmed %} If Stage 2 is the stage selected for payment (in Part 1), then your payment depends on how many additions you have solved correctly in comparison with the other four participants in your group. The two group members who have entered the most correct answers are the two winners of the tournament. The two winners receive €1.50 per correct answer each, while the other three members do not receive any payment. In case of a tie, the ranking among the members with equal performances is determined randomly. From now on, we call this method of payment the Tournament payment. {% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans trimmed %} You will not be informed about the outcome of the tournament until the end of the experiment. {% endblocktrans %}


Upload a pre-state and a block to start an Eth2 transition task.
Spec version:
Spec config:
Pre state:
Blocks:


Home
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Report Bug/Contact
Report Bug
To report a bug please email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The next update will include:
Persistence :)
last updated: March 4, 2023


Lytyfy facilitates end user financing for rural customers who are willing to adopt clean energy
products but are restricted due to lack of capital. Rural customers who are interested in adopting solar
technology are identified after conducting due diligence. The amount of loan required by a rural customer
and the number of installments in which the rural customer can repay the loan are established based on the
various parameters deduced using the due diligence process.
    The profiles of the rural customers who request for installment option are put up on Lytyfy and
the money raised is used by the rural customer for purchasing solar home lighting systems which is then
installed in their households. The rural customers then returns the money to the social investor in monthly
installments. The interest that will be charged to the rural customer will be 2.00% per month. The interest
rate that shall be provided to the social investor will be 0.60% per month. The difference between the two
interest rates will be utilised for facilitating the transactions and the whole process.


Survey about bulbs
This survey pretends to know advanced knowledge in simple users about bulbs.
Name* :
Email* :
Number* :
Choose your age range* :
12- 18 years old
19- 40 years old
40 +
Choose your favorite bulb technology :
Led
Neon
Filament
Choose your favorite bulb technology :
White
Yellow
Purple
Orange
Blue
Gold
Aditional Comments:


You have the jQuery javascript library at your disposal when writing reports. It can be accessed with the usual jQuery or $ symbols.
You can embed javascript through the usual <script type="text/javascript"><script> tag. You can embed CSS styling through the usual <style type="text/css"><style> tag. You should not include <html>, <body> or <head> tags in your report.
You can utilize the DHIS 2 Web API to render meta-data and data in your report. The Web API can be accessed from ../api. For instance, to retrieve the first page of data elements in JSON format you can link to ../api/dataElements.json. To get access to aggregate data you can utilize the analytics resource at ../api/analytics.
HTML-based standard reports can use relative periods and report parameters in the same way as other types of standard reports. If you select relative periods or report parameters for period and organisation unit, you can access the resulting periods and organisation unit in the dhis2.report javascript namespace like below:
Right-click and view page source to see the structure of this template. You can upload your HTML report through the "add new report" screen in DHIS 2 under "design file".
jQuery documentation can be found here. DHIS 2 Web API documentation can be found here.


Mark non-secure documents Flip insecurely-delivered images Warn on non-secure downloads
In the report, Alt+Click non-secure links to check whether HTTPS is available.


Esteemed stakeholders,
Ziraat Bank successfully completed 2014, a year marked by economic and financial volatility across the globe as well as heightened geopolitical risks. In 2014, the Bank completed the main phases of its restructuring project. In doing so, Ziraat Bank became more equipped for the competition in the banking sector on behalf of its customers with its customer oriented business model.
The restructuring of all domestic and foreign branches was completed, a process undertaken to fulfill all of our customers’ financial needs under the roof of the Ziraat Finance Group. The Bank maintained its support for the real sector by using its own resources without compromising its priorities of meeting the financial needs of agriculture sector.
Ziraat Bank achieved a higher rate of loan growth than the sector in 2014. The Bank’s total assets expanded by 19% YoY to TL 247.6 billion. There was a 28% YoY expansion in loans which constitute 57% of the total asset size, while non-cash loans grew by 36%. Ziraat Bank enhanced its infrastructure operationally and financially, and the Bank used this power to contribute to the Turkish economy. Ziraat Bank’s cash loans grew by 28% to TL 142 billion while the total volume of loans including non-cash loans, reached TL 183 billion.
Ziraat Bank is also a leader in agricultural loans. Ziraat Bank aims to be the main bank working effectively for its customers in all phases from agricultural production to final consumption, supporting producers in the industrial agriculture sector, while helping them attain competitive power on a world scale. The Bank also aims to contribute to industrial agriculture by evaluating all links in the agricultural value chain together. Within the scope of this goal, the Bank had provided TL 27.8 billion of resources to agriculture as of 2014.
The Bank’s total deposits had increased to TL 153 billion by the end of 2014, compared to the TL 142 billion at the end of 2013, maintaining a deposit structure spread to the base. Within the framework of increasing and diversifying the structure of its resources, the Bank renewed a syndication loan, with the renewed amount exceeding the renewal (USD 800 million), issued a USD 750 million Eurobond with a 5 year maturity - the first time a Eurobond was issued in the history of Ziraat Bank - while continued bond issuances for domestic investors. In addition, TL 14 billion of resources were obtained from international institutions and banks, of which TL 7 billion was obtained through the post finance method, conducted for the first time in the Bank.
Within the framework of its profitability and efficiency strategy, Ziraat Bank increased its net profit by 22% YoY to TL 4,051 million in 2014, up from the TL 3,330 million in 2013 which itself was up by 26% from the TL 2,650 million net profit written in 2012.
Within the framework of enhancing shareholders’ equity, shareholders’ equity reached TL 28.5 billion by the end of 2014, from the TL 18.3 billion at the end of 2013, as a result of the Bank’s business model.
Enhancing its position in the sector, Ziraat Bank has the most widespread service network of any Turkish Bank in the international area with its branches, representative offices and affiliates at 85 points in 16 different countries. The Bank continues to open branches to increase the effectiveness of its widespread branch network, while also restructuring the current branches under a customer oriented approach. As of the end of 2014, the number of domestic branches had increased to 1,682 while the number of ATMs had reached 6,043. The Bank’s medium term goal is to exceed 2,000 branches and enable its customers to access financial services in an easy, rapid and qualified way with Ziraat Bank at all times.
Moreover, more branches are expected to have fewer employees, use more technology and be of a more boutique nature.
While Ziraat Bank manages its own balance sheet effectively with its renewed structure and customer oriented banking approach, it will maintain its contribution to Turkey’s balance sheet and growth as one of the country’s key assets.
Yours sincerely,
Hüseyin Aydın
Member of the Board of Directors and General Manager


See: Description
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AngleJoint |
Represents a angle joint.
|
| DistanceJoint |
Represents a fixed length distance joint.
|
| FrictionJoint |
Represents a friction joint.
|
| Joint |
Represents constrained motion between two
Body s. |
| JointEdge | |
| LineJoint | Deprecated
As of version 3.0.0 replaced with
WheelJoint |
| MotorJoint |
Represents a motor joint.
|
| MouseJoint |
Represents a joint attached to a body and the mouse.
|
| PrismaticJoint |
Represents a prismatic joint.
|
| PulleyJoint |
Represents a pulley between two
Body s. |
| RevoluteJoint |
Represents a pivot joint.
|
| RopeJoint |
Represents a maximum/minimum length distance joint.
|
| WeldJoint |
Represents a weld joint.
|
| WheelJoint |
Represents a revolute joint attached to a prismatic joint typically used
to simulate a vehicle's wheel and suspension.
|
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| Joint.LimitState |
Enumeration for the limit states a joint can have.
|
Joints are solved using an iterative constraint based approach in the same manner as contacts.
All joints, with exception of the MouseJoint
joint a pair
of Body
s.
Current listing of joints:
AngleJoint
for constraining the rotation of two bodiesDistanceJoint
for fixed length distance and spring/damperFrictionJoint
for applying friction, air resistance, joint
friction, etcMotorJoint
for character controlMouseJoint
specifically to connect a distance joint with
spring/damper to one bodyPrismaticJoint
for only allowing relative linear motion
along an axis with or without a motor and limitsPulleyJoint
for creating a pulley with or without block-and-
tackleRevoluteJoint
for only allowing relative rotation with or
without a motorRopeJoint
for min/max distanceWeldJoint
for connecting two bodies together completelyWheelJoint
for connecting two bodies in a frame-wheel type
configuration with linear spring/damper and angular motor


CHAPTER 556
UNIFORM FIDUCIARIES ACT
Section
556-1 Definition of terms
556-2 Application of payments made to fiduciaries
556-3 Transfer of negotiable instrument by fiduciary
556-4 Check drawn by fiduciary payable to third person
556-5 Check drawn by and payable to fiduciary
556-6 Deposit in name of fiduciary as such
556-7 Deposit in name of principal
556-8 Deposit in fiduciary's personal account
556-9 Deposit in names of two or more trustees
556-10 Cases not provided for in chapter
Note
Uniform prudent management of institutional funds act, see chapter 517E.
Cross References
Uniform management of institutional funds act, see chapter 517D.
Uniform prudent management of institutional funds act, see chapter 517E.
Rules of Court
See Hawaii Probate Rules.
Case Notes
Bank's liability to principal for checks drawn by fiduciary, discussed. 856 F.2d 78.
Bank not liable to principal where no evidence that bank: received checks drawn by fiduciary as personal creditor; transferred funds with actual knowledge of fiduciary's breach of obligation; or transfers in bad faith. 69 H. 523, 751 P.2d 93.


Wei, Zhe
The essential accounting principle applied to the preparation of the income statement is the accruals basis of accounting. The principle that all income and expenditure incurred in a period is recognized for that period is referred to as the accruals basis of accounting. It could be further explained as: 1) the timing of cash received and cash paid is irrelevant in the preparation of financial statements; 2) transactions are reflected in financial statements on the basis of when they took place not on when the cash was received or paid (Scott, 2012).
The principle will be illustrated by financial statements of ‘The Seabin Project’ from two aspects: cash received vs. income, cash paid vs. expense with a special form of expense – depreciation.
Considering the cash received in the cash budget, as the local councils are offered 1 month’s credit and the construction companies offered 2 months’ credit, the annual total cash received from the three customers will be £3,072,770. The cash of December sales to local council will be received in January of next year and the cash of November and December sales to construction companies will be received in January and February of next year respectively. However, as the income statement follows the rule that transactions are reflected in financial statements on the basis of when they took place, the annual forecasted revenues will be £3,545,410, which is slightly greater than the cashed received.
The same principle also applied to the expense. Let take the staff on-costs for example. The cash outflow of staff on-costs for workshop and showroom is generated from March and will be payable 1 month in arrears. Therefore, the annual cash flow for staff on-costs of workshop will be £47,775 and showroom be £10,725 in comparison to expense of £53,900 and £12,100 that are counted from the month occurred.
Depreciation is a special form of expense. It can be observed from the cash budget that capital of non-current asset, such as equipment and vans, is recognized as a cash outflow of £350,000 and £60,000 respectively on April. As the cost of non-current assets is allocated to the income statement each year, the equipment will be depreciated at a cost of £5,833.33 and the vans will be depreciated at a cost of £833.33 each month. As a result, the annual depreciation of equipment and vans in income statement will be recognized as £46,667 and £6,667.
To realize the expectation of 1) generating at least an operating profit margin of 45%, and 2) ensuring a maximum cash deficit of no more than £50,000 in each of the trading month, current performance has to be identified in the first place: the operating profit margin is about 35.73% and the maximum cash deficit of the trading month occurs in April as -£417,700 with cash deficit exceeding £50,000 in May as well.
Generally speaking, the profit margin can be increased by either increase the revenue or reduce the expense.
Since the business premises show that a majority of products will be targeted to local councils with a relatively lower selling price, it is proposed to change the selling strategy, the quotation to local councils can be reduced in order to increase the other two of higher selling price.
Two alternatives are suggested: 1) to renegotiate with the supplier on the cost of raw materials. Either lower price can be bargained or overall lower price based on a tiered tariff from supplier could be discussed. Another suggestion is that as the current manufacture is on a just-in-time monthly basis could also be improved to a just-in-time on weekly basis. 2) to focus on the wage, it is suggested to have a slightly decreased pay per hour with offering future options for employees.
Regarding the issue of cash deficit, the outstanding deficits can be observed from the cash budget table in April and May. It is mainly because of the outflow non-current asset purchase in April on one side and possible the shortage of inflow from product sales on the other side. it is suggested to have either payment by installment or deferred payment, or some other mode such as financial leasing to mitigate this effect. Other proposals can also be identified, such as making wage payment 1 month in arrears or reducing customers’ credit.
The following 5 concrete recommendations are specified and applied to the financial statements:
Scott, P., (2012) Accounting for Business: An Integrated Print and Online Solution: OUP Oxford.


enum class ErrorType
SRT error codes. Once it has been called, you must release Srt context with Srt.cleanUp when application leaves.
See Also: Error Codes
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Internal error when setting the right error code |
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SRT_SUCCESS The value set when the last error was cleared and no error has occurred since then |
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General setup error resulting from internal system state |
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Connection timed out while attempting to connect to the remote address |
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Connection has been rejected |
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An error occurred when trying to call a system function on an internally used UDP socket |
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A possible tampering with the handshake packets was detected |
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A socket that was vital for an operation called in blocking mode has been closed |
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General connection failure of unknown details |
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The socket was properly connected, but the connection has been broken |
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The socket is not connected |
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System or standard library error reported unexpectedly for unknown purpose |
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System was unable to spawn a new thread when requried |
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System was unable to allocate memory for buffers |
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System was unable to allocate system specific objects |
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General filesystem error |
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Failure when trying to read from a given position in the file |
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Read permission was denied when trying to read from file |
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Failed to set position in the written file |
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Write permission was denied when trying to write to a file |
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Invalid operation performed for the current state of a socket |
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The socket is currently bound and the required operation cannot be performed in this state |
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The socket is currently connected and therefore performing the required operation is not possible |
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Call parameters for API functions have some requirements that were not satisfied |
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The API function required an ID of an entity (socket or group) and it was invalid |
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The operation to be performed on a socket requires that it first be explicitly bound |
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The socket passed for the operation is required to be in the listen state |
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The required operation cannot be performed when the socket is set to rendezvous mode |
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An attempt was made to connect to a socket set to rendezvous mode that was not first bound |
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The function was used incorrectly in the message API |
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The function was used incorrectly in the stream (buffer) API |
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The port tried to be bound for listening is already bus |
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Size exceeded |
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The epoll ID passed to an epoll function is invalid |
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The epoll container currently has no subscribed sockets |
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General asynchronous failure (not in use currently) |
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Sending operation is not ready to perform |
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Receiving operation is not ready to perform |
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The operation timed out |
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With SockOpt.TSBPDMODE and SockOpt.TLPKTDROP set to true, some packets were dropped by sender |
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Receiver peer is writing to a file that the agent is sending |
external fun toString(): String
Returns a string message that represents a given SRT error code |


Gather every Thursday with other Anime enthusiasts and watch your favorite shows
The National Beta Club is an organization for 4th through 12th grade students in the United States. Its purpose is "to promote the ideals of academic achievement, character, leadership and service among elementary and secondary school students.
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Physics 7C is a lower division physics course intended for STEM majors. The course surveys three main fields: classical optics, special relativity, and introductory quantum mechanics. There is a laboratory section to the course, worth a small portion of your grade in the overall course. This course is offered both the fall and the spring semesters.
Physics 7A/B, Math 1A, 1B, 53, and 54 (54 can be taken concurrently)
Three hours of lecture per week, 5 four-hour labs throughout the semester, discussion (1-2 hours per week), and homework (3-6 hours per week).
Once you have finished the prerequisites (typically sophomore year, but you can take it whenever you would like).
For those interested in the optics portion of the course: Physics 110A/110B; for those interested in the relativistic portion of the course: Physics 139; for those interested in the quantum mechanics portion: Physics 137A/B, Chem 120A/221A.
This course is nearly identical in structure and grading policy to the remainder of the physics 7 series.
Written by: Brighton Skeel
Last edited: Spring 2019