--- title: HTTPS & TLS layout: page pageOrder: 7 section: 'General' subsection: true sitemap: priority: 0.7 changefreq: 'monthly' lastmod: 2019-11-10T08:00:00+01:00 ---
MockServer uses port unification to simplify the configuration so all protocols (i.e. HTTP, HTTPS / SSL, SOCKS, etc) are supported on the same port. This means when a request is sent over TLS (i.e. an HTTPS request) MockServer dynamically detects that the request is encrypted.
MockServer has support for TLS (i.e. HTTPS) in three areas:
The majority of HTTP clients perform the following steps when making an HTTPS request:
MockServer is able to mock the behaviour of multiple hostnames (i.e. servers) and present a valid X.509 Certificates for them. MockServer achieves this by dynamically generating its X.509 Certificate using an in-memory list of hostnames and ip addresses, this is described in more detail below.
It is important to ensure that any client calling MockServer over TLS trust MockServer as a Certificate Authority (CA) (i.e. trust the MockServer CA X.509) the different approaches to establishing this trust is described below.
MockServer provides multiple ways its TLS can be configured. The following things can be configured:
The MockServer CA X.509 must be considered a valid trust root to ensure MockServer's dynamically generate X.509 certificates are trusted by an HTTP Client. This means the CA X.509 needs to be added into the JVM, HTTP Client or operating system as appropriate.
The MockServer CA X.509 can be found (in PEM format) in the MockServer github repo or can be loaded from the classpath location /org/mockserver/socket/CertificateAuthorityCertificate.pem
It is possible to add the MockServer CA X.509 as a trusted root CA to your operating system, this will make most clients applications running on your OS (such as browsers) trust dynamically generated certificates from MockServer.
This is only an acceptable risk if it is done for a short period and the configuration setting dynamicallyCreateCertificateAuthorityCertificate is enabled to generate a local unique CA X.509 and Private Key that is saved to your local disk in the folder configured using directoryToSaveDynamicSSLCertificate.
If the configuration setting dynamicallyCreateCertificateAuthorityCertificate is not enabled, and your OS trusts the MockServer CA X.509, then this would leave your machine open to man-in-the-middle attacks because the corresponding Private Key is in the MockServer github repository. This would allow hackers to compromise all sensitive communicates such as to your bank or other sensitive sites.
Browsers (such as Chrome, Firefox or IE) may not always trust dynamically generated certificates from MockServer because of Certificate Transparency and Public Key Pinning both of which make it hard to dynamically generate certificates that are trusted.
Some sites will work but others (such as google sites) won't work due to certificate pinning.
Browser that rely on Certificate Transparency will likely not trust dynamically generated certificates from MockServer
The following code shows how to load a file from the classpath or a relative filesystem location:
public void doSomething() {
String mockServerCA = loadFileFromLocation("/org/mockserver/socket/CertificateAuthorityCertificate.pem");
}
public String loadFileFromLocation(String location) {
location = location.trim().replaceAll("\\\\", "/");
Path path;
if (location.toLowerCase().startsWith("file:")) {
path = Paths.get(URI.create(location));
} else {
path = Paths.get(location);
}
if (Files.exists(path)) {
// org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils
return FileUtils.readFileToString(path.toFile(), "UTF-8");
} else {
return loadFileFromClasspath(location);
}
}
private String loadFileFromClasspath(String location) {
try {
InputStream inputStream = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream(location);
try {
if (inputStream == null) {
inputStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(location);
}
if (inputStream == null) {
inputStream = ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(location);
}
if (inputStream != null) {
try {
// org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils
return IOUtils.toString(inputStream, Charsets.UTF_8);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Could not read " + location + " from the classpath", e);
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("Could not find " + location + " on the classpath");
} finally {
if (inputStream != null) {
inputStream.close();
}
}
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new RuntimeException("Exception closing input stream for " + location, ioe);
}
}
Another mechanism to ensure the MockServer X.509 is trusted is to configure the DefaultSSLSocketFactory in the JVM using the following line:
HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(new KeyStoreFactory(new MockServerLogger()).sslContext().getSocketFactory());
This can be used in a test case, as follows:
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockserver.integration.ClientAndServer;
import org.mockserver.logging.MockServerLogger;
import org.mockserver.socket.PortFactory;
import org.mockserver.socket.tls.KeyStoreFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
public class ExampleTestClass {
private static ClientAndServer mockServer;
@BeforeClass
public static void startMockServer() {
// ensure all connection using HTTPS will use the SSL context defined by
// MockServer to allow dynamically generated certificates to be accepted
HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(new KeyStoreFactory(new MockServerLogger()).sslContext().getSocketFactory());
mockServer = ClientAndServer.startClientAndServer(PortFactory.findFreePort());
}
@AfterClass
public static void stopMockServer() {
mockServer.stop();
}
@Test
public void shouldDoSomething() {
// test system
}
}
The Java keytool command can also be used to add the MockServer CA X.509 certificate to the list of trust CA Certificates for a JVM, as follows:
keytool -import -v -keystore /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/security/cacerts -alias mockserver-ca -file CertificateAuthorityCertificate.pem -storepass changeit -trustcacerts -noprompt
An example bash script showing how this can be done can be found in the MockServer github repo
MockServer is able to mock the behaviour of multiple hostnames (i.e. servers) and present a valid X.509 Certificates for them. MockServer achieves this by dynamically generating its X.509 Certificate using an in-memory list of hostnames and ip addresses. When the list of hostnames or ips addresses changes a new certificate is generated. The list of hostnames is updated, when:
Note: if a request is received with a Host header for a hostname not seen before the first request will fail validation because the TLS connection has already been established before the Host header can be read, any subsequent requests with that hostname will pass hostname validation.
{% include_subpage _includes/tls_configuration.html %}


About Me
Hey my friends! I am a freshman UCSD student pursuing Bachelor's in Computer Engineering and Pure Math. I have a really diverse and broad range of interests that I am curious about how these interdisciplinary interaction would change my view of this world.
I am passionate about Robotics, Arduino, Circuits, Web Development, Real Analysis, Combinatorics, Algorithm and Software Engineering.


{{/* Either this page has a 'section_menu' in its front_matter, or the section */}} {{/* that the page belongs to should a 'section_menu' parameter */}} {{/* Generally, only the _index.md page of a section needs a 'section_menu' param */}} {{/* and the 'section_menu' matches its menu entry in menus.LANG.toml */}} {{/* We don't render this component if we don't have a 'section_menu' as we can't */}} {{/* correctly identify the menu we should be using for this page - see bottom */}} {{/* Define a template that we use recursively - https://discourse.gohugo.io/t/how-to-create-multilevel-dropdown-menu-in-hugo/18373/5 */}} {{ define "menu-item" }} {{ $page := .page }} {{ $currentURL := .currentURL }} {{ $sectionMenuForThisPage := or $page.Parent.Page.Params.section_menu $page.Params.section_menu .sectionMenuForThisPage}} {{ with .entry }} {{ if .HasChildren }}


@remarks
To calculate the exact array size required by GetBytesEx to store the resulting bytes, the application uses GetByteCount. To calculate the maximum array size, the application should use GetMaxByteCount. The GetByteCount method generally allows allocation of less memory, while the GetMaxByteCount method generally executes faster.
With error detection, an invalid sequence causes this method to throw a ArgumentException. Without error detection, invalid sequences are ignored, and no exception is thrown.
| Note |
|---|
| To ensure that the encoded bytes are decoded properly, the application should prefix encoded bytes with a preamble. |
| Exception | Condition |
|---|---|
| ArgumentNullException | Chars is a null array. |
| ArgumentOutOfRangeException |
Index is less than the lower-bound of Chars. -or- Count is less than zero. -or- Index and Count do not denote a valid range in Chars. |
| ArgumentException |
A fallback occurred -and- EncoderFallback is set to EncoderExceptionFallback. |
GetByteCountForString GetByteCountForChars GetByteCountForSubChars End Sub Private Sub GetByteCountForString() Const Chars As String = "UTF8 Encoding Example" Dim UTF8 As New UTF8Encoding Dim ByteCount As Long ByteCount = UTF8.GetByteCount(Chars) Debug.Print "GetByteCount for String." Debug.Print CorString.Format("{0} bytes needed to encode string.", ByteCount) Debug.Print End Sub Private Sub GetByteCountForChars() Dim Chars() As Integer Dim UTF8 As New UTF8Encoding Dim ByteCount As Long ' The characters to encode: ' Latin Small Letter Z (U+007A) ' Latin Small Letter A (U+0061) ' Combining Breve (U+0306) ' Latin Small Letter AE With Acute (U+01FD) ' Greek Small Letter Beta (U+03B2) ' a high-surrogate value (U+D8FF) ' a low-surrogate value (U+DCFF) Chars = NewChars("z", "a", &H306, &H1FD, &H3B2, &HD8FF, &HDCFF) ByteCount = UTF8.GetByteCount(Chars) Debug.Print "GetByteCount for character array." Debug.Print CorString.Format("{0} bytes needed to encode characters.", ByteCount) Debug.Print End Sub Private Sub GetByteCountForSubChars() Dim Chars() As Integer Dim UTF8 As New UTF8Encoding Dim ByteCount As Long ' Unicode characters: #, %, Pi, Sigma Chars = NewChars("#", "%", &H3A0, &H3A3) ByteCount = UTF8.GetByteCount(Chars, 1, 2) Debug.Print "GetByteCount for character sub-array." Debug.Print CorString.Format("{0} bytes needed to encode characters.", ByteCount) End Sub ' This code example produces the following output. ' ' GetByteCount for String. ' 21 bytes needed to encode string. ' ' GetByteCount for character array. ' 12 bytes needed to encode characters. ' ' GetByteCount for character sub-array. ' 3 bytes needed to encode characters.


I am a mom.
Befor i have family, 10 years ago , I worked a computer teacher in school in my country Jordan for two years.
I finiched baclors degree of Computer Science from Jordan . I like my career and espically I like programming.I had experince in some languages like C++, JAVA , HTML , a little bite in ORACLE.
I like programmimng and still look to learn in it .Tow years ago, I took online PYTHONE class . Now,I registered at Epicodus to keep learning coding and new programming languages . I would like after i finish Epicodus class to find a part time job .


Definition
These are technical spares/ assemblies which are considered essential for stocking so as to undertake scheduled maintenance or running repair of Class III to Class V vehicles/ equipment/ aircraft.
Description
Following categories will be clubbed as ‘Sustenance Spares’:-
a. SSL Spares. It is a list of selected line items which constitutes the authority for stockage. Salients have been covered at Annex ‘A’.
b. Non-SSL Spares. These include:-
(1) Those items/ spares which are required as replacement/ LP spares against a specific vehicle/ equipment.
(2) Those spares which were procured as SSL spares but have been excluded during revision of SSL (not meeting criteria).
(3) TBR items, whether stocked at SDs or workshops.
(4) Old Stock of SDs (active or inactive).
(5) Floating stock of minor assemblies/ MUAs.


Container markets, also known as container malls, are indoor/outdoor markets made predominantly from repurposed shipping containers. They typically house food and drink vendors, artisanal craftspeople, independent retailers and even name brands.
There are a number of container markets found all over the globe, and we will be listing, mapping and discovering them here.
Note: we will never give out your email nor spam you. We just want people to enjoy container markets as much as we do.


| Directory | Changes | Lines of Code | Lines per Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| src/TortoiseMerge/ | 2 (100.0%) | 0 (-) | 0.0 |
Don't remember Screen lines while getting scrollbar state is not successful
Fixes - first click on locatorbar after start left view lines out of sync
0 lines of code changed in 2 files:


Friend¶
-
class
Sakurajima.models.user_models.
Friend
(network, data_dict)¶ Represents a user’s friend on aniwatch.me
-
get_chronicle
(page=1)¶ Gets the friend’s chronicle. A chronicle tracks a user’s watch history.
- Parameters
page (int, optional) – The page of the chronicle that you want to get, defaults to 1
- Returns
A list of ChronicleEntry objects.
- Return type
list[ChronicleEntry]
-
get_overview
()¶ Gets the friend’s aniwatch.me overview.
- Returns
A UserOverview object that has data regarding things like total watch time, mean score and total shows watched etc.
- Return type
UserOverview <user_overview>
-
unfriend
()¶ Removes the friend from the user’s profile.
- Returns
True if the operation is successful, False if an error occured.
- Return type
bool
-


class: center, middle # Тopic 2. Version Control Systems. Git
[Pro Git book](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2), by Scott Chacon and Ben Straub --- # VCS: Local vs. Centralized vs. Distributed
→
→
--- # VCS: Delta-Based vs. Snapshot-Based .center[
] --- # Git Add Files: untracked, tracked ![](img/vcs-lifecycle.png) --- # Git Commit Files: modified, staged, committed ![](img/vcs-areas.png) --- # Git: Commit Structure ![](img/vcs-commit-and-tree.png) --- # Git: Sequential Commits ![](img/vcs-commits-and-parents.png) --- # Git: Branches .center[
] --- # Git: Simple Merge Without Commit .center[
] --- # Git: Merge With Commit .center[
] --- # Git: Manage Branches .center[
→
] --- # Assignments - Continue to work on Assignments 1-A, 1-B - Make your first commits and pushes


Browse, try and be surprised
Check out how to easily reuse any of the following, either via few simple lines of JavaScript or interactively via the visual iAPI editor. In order to correctly view all demos, you must have installed the iAPI Chrome extension and it must be switched on.
Annotate your markup to give data structure and enable reuse. Extract and use annotated data. Merge, join, filter data. Render them.
Annotate forms to enable the reuse of functionality. Use them like remote functionality or web services. Do so also for forms spread over multiple pages.
Annotate pieces of UI for extration. Follow some simple development conventions.
Record your nagivation actions. Parameterize them. Automate them.
Want to reuse data, functionality or UIs without iAPI support? Annotate the page yourself and extract the iAPI you need.


This is paragraph 1.
Some text....This is paragraph 2.
Some text...This is paragraph 3.
Some text...This is paragraph 4.
This is a hyperlink without underline. Link -> Home page Some text...This is paragraph 1.
Some text....This is paragraph 2.
Some text...This is paragraph 3.
Some text...This is paragraph 4.
This is a hyperlink without underline. Link -> Home page Some text...


MSGCAT(1) GNU MSGCAT(1) NAME msgcat - combines several message catalogs SYNOPSIS msgcat [OPTION] [INPUTFILE]... DESCRIPTION Concatenates and merges the specified PO files. Find messages which are common to two or more of the specified PO files. By using the --more-than option, greater commonality may be requested before messages are printed. Conversely, the --less-than option may be used to specify less commonality before messages are printed (i.e. --less-than=2 will only print the unique messages). Translations, comments and extract com‐ ments will be cumulated, except that if --use-first is specified, they will be taken from the first PO file to define them. File positions from all PO files will be cumulated. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. Input file location: INPUTFILE ... input files -f, --files-from=FILE get list of input files from FILE -D, --directory=DIRECTORY add DIRECTORY to list for input files search If input file is -, standard input is read. Output file location: -o, --output-file=FILE write output to specified file The results are written to standard output if no output file is specified or if it is -. Message selection: -<, --less-than=NUMBER print messages with less than this many definitions, defaults to infinite if not set ->, --more-than=NUMBER print messages with more than this many definitions, defaults to 0 if not set -u, --unique shorthand for --less-than=2, requests that only unique messages be printed Input file syntax: -P, --properties-input input files are in Java .properties syntax --stringtable-input input files are in NeXTstep/GNUstep .strings syntax Output details: -t, --to-code=NAME encoding for output --use-first use first available translation for each message, don't merge sev‐ eral translations --lang=CATALOGNAME set 'Language' field in the header entry --color use colors and other text attributes always --color=WHEN use colors and other text attributes if WHEN. WHEN may be 'always', 'never', 'auto', or 'html'. --style=STYLEFILE specify CSS style rule file for --color -e, --no-escape do not use C escapes in output (default) -E, --escape use C escapes in output, no extended chars --force-po write PO file even if empty -i, --indent write the .po file using indented style --no-location do not write '#: filename:line' lines -n, --add-location generate '#: filename:line' lines (default) --strict write out strict Uniforum conforming .po file -p, --properties-output write out a Java .properties file --stringtable-output write out a NeXTstep/GNUstep .strings file -w, --width=NUMBER set output page width --no-wrap do not break long message lines, longer than the output page width, into several lines -s, --sort-output generate sorted output -F, --sort-by-file sort output by file location Informative output: -h, --help display this help and exit -V, --version output version information and exit AUTHOR Written by Bruno Haible. REPORTING BUGS Report bugs to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2001-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html> This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. SEE ALSO The full documentation for msgcat is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and msgcat programs are properly installed at your site, the command info msgcat should give you access to the complete manual. GNU gettext-tools 0.18.1 June 2010 MSGCAT(1)


The thing you want to summon
The player you want to target with this command
The item you want to give
The number of items to give
Some items have sub-types, like he various colors of wood
Tags let you specify complex options for the items and entities of the command


JavaScript is Required to Play Toontown Online
From the Tools menu in Internet Explorer, select Internet Options. Click the Security tab, and then select the Internet icon. Click Custom Level and scroll down to Active Scripting. Select Enable under Active Scripting. Click OK, then click Yes, then click OK.
Firefox Users: Click on Tools and then scroll down to select Options. Click the Content tab and check the Enable JavaScript box. Click OK.
Attention, Toons:
The Toontown TEST SERVER is now closed.
Toontown Online will be closing soon too, on September 19, 2013.
To learn more about Toontown Online closing,
click here
.
Welcome, Toons! This is the Toontown Test Server. If you are here by mistake, go to
Toontown.com
.
Disney Toontown Online Test Site
Request Access
Report a Bug
Release Notes
Play Now
Welcome to Toontown Test
Request Test Access
Report a Bug
Test Release Notes
Took a wrong turn? Return to the LIVE Toontown Site at
Toontown.com
.


Challenge Two - Scrape this (horrible) table!
Like before, this is a table of the past ten premiers of Australia and the political party they were a member of.
However, it's worth mentioning that this will be a bit trickier than the last challenge. I've gone ahead and made this table just a bit more horrible. There are 'i', 'b' and 'br' tags all over the place, and you have to clean it up before shoving it into a database. Don't forget to remove closing tags, as well as opening ones!
| Premier |
Party |
Years Active |
|---|---|---|
Kevin Rudd |
Labor |
27-6-13 - |
| Julia Gillard |
Labor |
24-6-10 - 27-7-13 |
| Kevin Rudd |
Labor |
3-12-2007 - 24-6-2010 |
| John Howard |
Liberal/Coalition |
11-03-1996 - 3-12-2007 |
| Paul Keating |
Labor |
20-12-1991 - 11-03-1996 |
| Bob Hawke |
Labor |
11-03-1983 - 20-12-1991 |
| Malcolm Fraser |
Liberal/Coalition |
11-11-1975 - 11-03-1983 |
| Gough Whitlam |
Labor |
5-12-1972 - 11-11-1975 |
| William McMahon |
Liberal/Coalition |
10-03-1971 - 5-12-1972 |
| John Gorton |
Liberal/Coalition |
10-January-1968 - 10-03-1971 |


|
Files | |
| file | MSPM-driver.h |
Mindsensors Power Meter Sensor. | |
Defines | |
| #define | MSPM_I2C_ADDR 0x12 |
| #define | MSPM_CMD_REG 0x41 |
| #define | MSPM_PCURRENT 0x42 |
| #define | MSPM_PVOLTAGE 0x44 |
| #define | MSPM_CAPUSED 0x46 |
| #define | MSPM_TIME 0x56 |
Functions | |
| int | MSPMreadCurrent (tSensors link, ubyte address=MSPM_I2C_ADDR) |
| int | MSPMreadVoltage (tSensors link, ubyte address=MSPM_I2C_ADDR) |
| bool | MSPMreadVoltageCurrent (tSensors link, int &voltage, int ¤t, ubyte address=MSPM_I2C_ADDR) |
| long | MSPMreadTime (tSensors link, ubyte address=MSPM_I2C_ADDR) |
| bool | MSPMresetCounters (tSensors link, ubyte address=MSPM_I2C_ADDR) |
| bool | _MSPMsendCommand (tSensors link, byte command, ubyte address) |
Variables | |
| tByteArray | MSPM_I2CRequest |
| tByteArray | MSPM_I2CReply |
Power Meter Sensor
| #define MSPM_CAPUSED 0x46 |
Capacity used since last reset in mAh - 2 bytes
Definition at line 49 of file MSPM-driver.h.
| #define MSPM_CMD_REG 0x41 |
Register used for issuing commands
Definition at line 45 of file MSPM-driver.h.
| #define MSPM_I2C_ADDR 0x12 |
I2C address used by the PM
Definition at line 44 of file MSPM-driver.h.
| #define MSPM_PCURRENT 0x42 |
Present current reading in mA - 2 bytes
Definition at line 47 of file MSPM-driver.h.
| #define MSPM_PVOLTAGE 0x44 |
Present current reading in mV - 2 bytes
Definition at line 48 of file MSPM-driver.h.
| #define MSPM_TIME 0x56 |
Time since last reset in ms - 4 bytes (long)
Definition at line 50 of file MSPM-driver.h.
| bool _MSPMsendCommand | ( | tSensors | link, |
| byte | command, | ||
| ubyte | address | ||
| ) |
This function sends a command to the Power Meter.
Note: this is an internal function and should not be called directly.
| link | the sensor port number |
| command | the command to be sent |
| address | the I2C address to use, optional, defaults to 0x12 |
Definition at line 80 of file MSPM-driver.h.
| int MSPMreadCurrent | ( | tSensors | link, |
| ubyte | address | ||
| ) |
Return the present current measured.
| link | the MSPM port number |
| address | the I2C address to use, optional, defaults to 0x12 |
Definition at line 96 of file MSPM-driver.h.
| long MSPMreadTime | ( | tSensors | link, |
| ubyte | address | ||
| ) |
Return the time elapsed in ms since the last reset.
| link | the MSPM port number |
| address | the I2C address to use, optional, defaults to 0x12 |
Definition at line 169 of file MSPM-driver.h.
| int MSPMreadVoltage | ( | tSensors | link, |
| ubyte | address | ||
| ) |
Return the present voltage measured.
| link | the MSPM port number |
| address | the I2C address to use, optional, defaults to 0x12 |
Definition at line 119 of file MSPM-driver.h.
| bool MSPMreadVoltageCurrent | ( | tSensors | link, |
| int & | voltage, | ||
| int & | current, | ||
| ubyte | address | ||
| ) |
Return the present voltage and current measured. This is a much more efficient method of fetching both.
| link | the MSPM port number |
| voltage | present voltage being measured |
| current | present current being measured |
| address | the I2C address to use, optional, defaults to 0x12 |
Definition at line 145 of file MSPM-driver.h.
| bool MSPMresetCounters | ( | tSensors | link, |
| ubyte | address | ||
| ) |
Reset all the counters.
| link | the MSPM port number |
| address | the I2C address to use, optional, defaults to 0x12 |
Definition at line 193 of file MSPM-driver.h.
Array to hold I2C reply data
Definition at line 53 of file MSPM-driver.h.
Array to hold I2C command data
Definition at line 52 of file MSPM-driver.h.


| 15 Jan 1906 |
Aristotle Socrates Onassis born, Smyrna (Izmir), Turkey. |
| 1922 |
Onassis family flees to Greece. |
| c. 1923 |
Aristotle Onassis moves to Argentina, with largely no assets. Works as a dishwasher, according to legend. |
| 1925 |
Receives Argentine citizenship. Engages in the business of importing opium to Argentina. For a while, engaged in cigarette/tobacco business, where he manufactured counterfeit BIS brand cigarettes. The BIS company successfully sued over this matter. Sources generally cite tobacco as the sources of his Argentine wealth, but it was clearly opium that turned him into a millionaire in the span of a mere three years. |
| 26 Aug 1927 |
The Turks reoccupy Smyrna, previously in Greek hands. |
| 1946 |
Marries Athina Mary Livanos (a Greek with additional American citizenship), daughter of Stavros Livanos. |
| 1947 |
Slept with Evita Peron. She cooked him an omelet; he presented her a $10K check for her favorite charity. Onassis comment regarding the omelet: "The most expensive I have ever had." (Alan Gansberg) |
| 30 Apr 1948 |
Son, Alexander Onassis, born, New York City. |
| 11 Dec 1950 |
Daughter, Christina Onassis born, New York City. |
| 1951 |
Begins an illegal whaling operation, which lasts 3 years. |
| 15 Nov 1954 |
Peru fires on one of Onassis' whaling ships, arresting 400 sailors. |
| Mar 1956 |
Sells whaling fleet to the Japanese. |
| Jun 1957 |
Founds Olympic Airways. |
| 1960 |
Divorces Athina Mary Livanos. |
| 1963 |
Buys the island of Skorpios. |
| 22 Oct 1968 |
Marries Jackie Kennedy, widow of slain President John F. Kennedy. |
| 22 Jan 1973 |
Son and heir Alexander dies in aircraft accident (he was pilot.) |
| 6 Feb 1975 |
Gall bladder surgery performed. |
| 15 Mar 1975 |
Dies from myasthenia gravis, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Buried on Skorpios. |
| 19 Nov 1988 |
Christina Onassis dies from an overdose of diet pills, Buenos Aires. |
| 19 May 1994 |
Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis dies, New York City. |
| 29 Jan 2003 |
Granddaughter Athina Roussel inherits the bulk of the Onassis' fortune, valued at $2.7B. An additional $2B will come on her 21st birthday (control over the Onassis Foundation.) |


Share amazing photos of your adventures with friends and family.
Chat with friends and family around the world.
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Phone:
757-645-8875


Specialists
Paediatricians
Paediatric Neurology
Paediatrician
Oncologists
Radiation Oncologist
Medical and Haemato-Oncology
Radiation Oncology
Gynaecologists
Gynaecology
Obstetrics and Gynaecology


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: '"Calm down, it''s August" - Episode 7.41' author: display_name: Corey Fineran login: Corey email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: Corey author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wordpress_id: 11387 wordpress_url: http://ivyenvy.com/?p=11387 date: '2015-08-12 21:39:36 +0000' date_gmt: '2015-08-13 02:39:36 +0000' categories: - Podcast tags: [] comments: [] ---
On this, the 338th episode of The Ivy Envy Podcast, we talk about the Cubs being the 4th best team in baseball and the 3rd best team in the division. We actually allow ourselves to talk about the 2015 playoffs. Are we ready to write off the NL Central and hand it over to the Cardinals?
After taking care of the Giants with a 4-game sweep, we have a little bit more confidence in a wild card spot and look at the lead the Pirates have. How amazing would it be for the Cubs to host the 1-game wild care play-in game?
Starlin Castro gets time at 2nd base. We also answer some listener questions on Jorge Soler, Chris Coghlan, Javier Baez, Mike Olt and Kris Bryant.


I'm Steve Kim and welcome to my website. This website is still under development
so
please forgive me for the initial design. I hope to develop it as a fantastic
portfolio
website so that by the end, it will be a true reflection of me.
This is a quote that I really love and I think it speaks to this course as well


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Mushrooms (P. cubensis)
I had recently received about 8 grams of Cubensis Mushrooms from a friend of mine who had been growing them in Colorado. After sitting on them for a while, I decided to make a short trip to San Francisco (I live in Santa Cruz so it was only an hour drive north) to see a friend (henceforth known as 'T') and munch the mushrooms in an attempt at a friendly afternoon trip. The day was windy, partly cloudy, and we were in good spirits. We were both experienced trippers.
T- 15 minutes:
I start cutting up the mushrooms (all 8 grams) into tiny bits with scissors.  Once I had the whole lot cut up, I measured out 3 piles; 2 piles weighing 3 grams each, and 1 pile weighing 2 grams. The two gram pile I put away for another day.
T+ 0 minutes:
We each select one of the 3 gram piles and swallowed the mushroom bits with orange juice. No nasty aftertaste in my mouth at all. It's 1:30 pm.
T+ 8 minutes:
T and I are relaxing listening to some music, making a plan to hike to the nearby park and go for a stroll. I decide it would be a good idea to see how things turn out before making a public jaunt, so we decide to hang back for a little while in his apartment. I'm beginning to get my first alerts that something is happening.
T+ 15 minutes:
Definitely kicking in now. In fact, quite a bit faster than usual. I'm starting to feel a bit nauseous, but nothing to bad. The whorls in the hardwoood floor are beginning to swirl and dance. I'm thinking, 'Ah, mushrooms. Gotta love it.'
T+ 24 minutes:
As I'm sitting at the table watching the wind blow the trees outside back and forth, I can feel the intensity build to a level I'm normally accustomed to feeling at the +2 hour mark. I comment to T, 'If this gets any heavier, I have a feeling my trip will turn inward.' He just smiles.
T+ 30 minutes:
I excuse myself to the bathroom; the nausea is building and I'm thinking that a good purge session might be in order. Once in the bathroom, though, it doesn't happen. By this point the whole world is full on 'Waking Life' style, with every object in my vision moving and floating independantly of other objects around it. I'm get a little worried at this point. I stay in the bathroom for a little while rolling around on the floor, I didn't know what else to do. The trip turns inward.
T+ 40 minutes:
I exit the bathroom, my vision is completely askew at this point, trails, sparkles, and lights are everywhere, my field of vision is drawn with a set of crayons. I look at T and say, 'I think I'm having trouble.' He looks a bit concerned and says, 'Do you need anything? Water? Music?' I just reply that bed would be the best option at this point.
I crawl into the bed and the world shatters. Complete fear now. I can barely see, ghostly wisps pass before me and I can't tell the cabinet from the closet, things are floating around the room, I'm seeing double and triple vision, and rainbow lights shoot everywhere. Momentary blackouts. All I can hear is a 'ffffff' noise (similar to the noise you hear on DMT). I can't deal, so I close my eyes, and my ego decides to leave.
T+ 60 minutes:
I'm rolling around on the bed in complete psychic agony. The philisophical magnitude of my cultural definition is destroyed; I have no idea where I am, who I am, why I'm here (WHERE even?), I even forgot that I had eaten mushrooms. I think T might be talking to me, the voice is lost on the air. Did someone actually say something, or did I just think someone did? Complete loss of time perception now.
I feel my understanding of common knowledge leaving me. Concepts of 'self', 'cities', 'love', and 'life' lose meaning, and when that happens, confusion begins to mix with the fear. My soul is torn asunder, my spirit laid bare. The intensity is mind boggling. Imagine falling from a cliff, and imagine the feeling you might have 1 second before hitting the bottom. That is the feeling I had for about 3 hours, coupled with vision ripping hallucinations and mental hysteria.
During this time I think T had decided to go out to the park, but came back in soon after as he too felt the shrooms take hold. He said he was in full on survival mode, and even typed in '911' on his cell phone, all he had to do was push the 'send' button, just in case. At one point I also had that feeling: 'What if we need to call for help, then what?' That thought vanished as quickly as it came.
T+ 4 hours, 30 minutes:
This went on for several hours, and at last I thought I had a grip. Vision was still very colorful and swirly, but at least I was beginning to rebuild my ego. I turn to find T on the bed next to me, also slowly regaining conciousness. We start talking about the experience a bit at this point, and try to relax as the afternoon sun warms the room from the open window. It's about 5:30 or 6 pm.
T+ 6 hours:
Almost completely back to baseline, still a bit fuzzy, but much more clear than before.
Summary:
Now, I've taken 3 grams of mushrooms before, but nothing ever happened like that. It was, bar none, my ultimate psychedelic experience (DMT notwithstanding). What was originally planned to be a moderately recreational dose turned out to be a psychic reformation. It was extremely cleansing in the end; to completely break down and rebuild can have a very refreshing effect, despite the horrifying glimpse into the nether realms. It's a bit like sweeping the cobwebs from the mind. I also realized how blessed I was in life to have a loving girlfriend. Being on the verge of nothingness made me re-evaluate the things I truly appreciate and love in life.
It's a good example of a time when the dose was unknown, despite previous medium strength trips with a similar amount of mushrooms in weight. Be careful about these things, as different batches of mushrooms can vary GREATLY in strength, by weight.
Peace.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


I Alone Level-up: Chapter 12
‘Wellll- just in case…’
To cover his bases, Jinwoo left an anonymous post in a Hunters-only forum .
| “Something strange has happened”. |
|
I’m suddenly able to see floating screens in the air like a video game, and I’m able to use stat points to increase my ability . Has anyone experienced something similar? |
The replies were not kind .
| “Hahahaha nice bullshit . ”. |
| “Think you’re crazy, bro . ”. |
| “Check the floor for some loose screws . ”. |
| “Think you’ve been playing too much games . ”. |
| “Are you a comic book writer?”. |
| “Here’s the direction to the nearest hospital, lol . ”. |
| “Can you give more details?”. |
| “Looks like we need to curate who can post here”. |
The next few dozens of comments were the same .
“Sigh…”
He was at it for few more hours, to no avail . The members of the forum just called him crazy and cursed at him . Since he got this far with no new information…
“I suppose I’m a unique case . ”
To be unique[1] (唯一無二) .
The only Hunter in the world!
Of course, he had to wait to see just how far this System would take him . Just how much of a help will it be? Just what was the limit of his growth? It would take time for him to find out, but he did not feel bad about it at all .
As he looked around, he realized it was already deep into night .
“Where did the time go…?”
Furrowing his brows, he massaged his eyes that were strained through hours of computer use . He stood up and started stretching . As he moved his body back and forth, he saw the two boxes on the floor .
“Ah . ”
Random Box .
It looked like something that could be found in a game . Neatly wrapped in gift paper, the two boxes lay on the ground, topped with ribbons .
‘I must’ve pushed them off the bed while running around the room . ’
He had forgotten about these rewards . He grabbed one of the boxes and opened it up .
‘ . Bandages?’
As he looked at what looked like rolled up medical wrappings, an information screen with green letters popped up .
| Bandages. |
| Plain bandages . Use on small wounds . . You may keep this item in your inventory . |
“It’s really just bandages . ”
He wondered if it had special effects like the treasures found in Dungeons, but that did not appear to be the case .
‘I suppose I never heard of bandages being found in Dungeons…’
Half disappointed, half anticipating, Jinwoo opened the other box .
A pen was inside .
He turned it over in his hands, clicking one end and checking the tip .
It was an ordinary pen .
| Pen. |
| An ordinary pen . Good for writing memos . . You may keep this item in your inventory . |
Fitting to their name, the Random Boxes truly produced random items .
“Hmm…”
But he was not completely disappointed . Although he had little uses for the two random items, he learned something valuable from observing the items . The first was that the information screen on items did not popup from observing other items around the room . As such, he surmised that this function was limited to items from the Random Boxes[2] . The second information was far more valuable:
The existence of an inventory .
“Inventory . ”
As he spoke the words, an information box showing dozens of item slots appeared before him . Fitting of a level 1, his inventory was almost completely empty, but Jinwoo was surprised to see a familiar item in the first slot .
‘Thats…?’
He took the item out .
. .
ring~
| Kim Sangshik’s Steel Sword. |
| Attack Power +10. |
It was Mr . Kim’s sword that he had picked up back in the temple . He had thought that it was left behind in the Gate .
“Good to see you again, you bastard . ”
He couldn’t help but laugh . Remembering his last moments in the temple, he felt like the two had shared a special bond . Seeing the sword back in his hand was a welcoming sight .
‘Kim-ssi[3] ahjussi said he bought it for 3 million won?’
Although the Hunters’ weapons may appear ordinary, they were anything but . Magic beasts could not be harmed by weapons with no magic power . As such, weapons created for the purpose of facing such existences were very expensive .
‘Looks like I’ll have to use this for a while . ’
Up until now, he could not afford a Hunter’s weapon and fought with his bare hands . As such, even though it was a relatively cheap sword (compared to better weapons), Jinwoo was very grateful for it .
‘It’s mine now . ’
Kim-ssi will probably ask for it back, foaming at his mouth, if he saw it in Jinwoo’s hands . After all, he was a selfish person who could leave behind his life’s savior . To Jinwoo, both the sword and his newfound powers were things he had earned with his life . He had no plans to give them back easily .
His eyes became fierce .
In that temple, he had learned two things .
One . He had to become strong .
Due to his weakness, he faced death multiple times . Not only that, even knowing what would happen, he could not stop the choir Hunter from dying . Even when he knew Kim-ssi ahjussi was in the wrong, he could not help Song-ssi ahjussi . To survive, he was forced to turn a blind eye on what was right and wrong .
And two .
‘There is no need to be needlessly kind . ’
His kindness was rewarded with betrayal from his comrades . Three of his comrades left behind his incapacitated body and ran . His pleading shouts falling on their deaf ears . To think that they would forget who had saved their lives moments before .
‘Give and take . ’
From now on, he vowed to never put his life in danger for the sake of others, at least, not out some imagined goodness of his heart . After all, the most important thing in his life was… his life .
These were the two lessons he had learned while on the brink of death .
To become stronger . To become cold .
“I can do it . ”
He was a man who did not easily forget his lessons .
In some streetside food stall[4], nurse Choi Yura and and her friend conversed late into the night .
“Ah, right . ”
Yura suddenly realized that her friend was a Hunter Association employee . It was due to her friend that she was able to find employment at the hospital designated for Hunters .
“You know a lot about Hunters, right?”
“As much as anyone else, why?”
“Do you know of Hunters that can heal their injuries really fast?”
“Of course, the Healer-class Hunters . When they use their healing spells, any injuries just go woosh~!”
“No, no . Not with a spell . While unconscious . ”
“While unconscious?”
“For example if they were knocked out… or maybe even sleeping . ”
Her friend shook her head .
“Eh, there’s no way . That’s an amazing ability called regeneration . It’s a special power that only appears in A-rank or higher magic beasts . Even then, only in special ones . ”
“And no humans have this ability?”
“Yeah . I’ve never heard of a Hunter with such abilities . ”
“Is… is that so?”
Was she mistaken? Yura nodded along as she listened to her friend . Then her friend continued,
“Well… I’m not completely sure, but maybe it’s possible in S-rank Hunters . ”
Yura raised her head at her friend’s words,
“S-rank?”
“Well the S-rank Hunters are filled with monsters, and information regarding their powers are hard to come across . Let’s see, I’ve heard the Baekho Guild’s Hunter Baek Yunho could even transform into an actual monster . ”
But Sung Jinwoo was an E-rank Hunter . The information regarding a Hunter’s rank was publicly available through the Association’s website; anyone was able to easily look it up . Earlier that morning, out of curiosity, Yura had already read up on Sung Jinwoo through the Association’s website .
‘His rank is too low to have such an ability- ah!”
The Reawakening of Hunters!
She recalled overhearing something about a Reawakening when she had passed by his room yesterday .
‘Did that man Reawaken as a high level Hunter?’
Forget being friends, the ordinary person couldn’t even dream of meeting an S-rank Hunter . This was due to their low numbers and incredibly busy schedules . But to think that one of her patients had become such an existence . An E-rank becoming an S-rank…
‘Hmm, if no one had noticed that man’s value…’
This was her only chance to earn some brownie points with Jinwoo . It was not everyday someone got a chance to befriend an S-rank Hunter . Their value was so high that it was even hard for others to meet them by spending money . Imagining all sorts of things here and there, a smile crept on Yura’s face .
“Oh my . Girl- did something good happen? Why’re you suddenly smiling?”
“Ah, no . It’s nothing . ”
Even as she shook her head, Yura could not ease up on the smile on her face .
-8 . Level-up!-
“Whoa, look at that body!”
“Was that patient’s body that good when he came in?”
The two young nurses who caught Jinwoo’s figure as they passed him whispered to each other .
Pretending not to hear, Jinwoo returned to his room .
It had been a week since he started doing the daily quests . Many changes had happened since then .
First was the change in his body . He went up to a mirror in his room .
“Hmm . Hmm . ”
He looked up and down his body in front of the mirror . Embarrassed at acting like a girl examining her outfit, he faked a cough, even though no one was watching . Still, there was a clear difference . His body was changing .
‘My muscles are bigger . ’
It was the first thing that he noticed . The fat had disappeared here and there, replaced by muscles . His shoulders had widened, and his height seemed to have increased as well .
‘I don’t look that frail any more . ’
Useful muscles had appeared all across his body . If he had to describe the feeling, it was “nimble” or “agile” . Even as a man, his body looked nice to him . It made sense that it would turn the nurses’ heads .
‘And all this is thanks to…’
He opened his status screen .
ring~
| Name: Sung Jinwoo. Level: 1 Class: None Title: None HP: 100 MP: 10 Fatigue: 0 |
| Stats. Strength: 31 Constitution: 10 Agility: 10 Intelligence: 10 Sense: 10. (Available stat points: 0) |
| Skills. Passive Skills -(Unknown) (Lv . Max) -Unyielding Spirit (Lv . 1) Active Skills -Sprint (Lv . 1) |
In no time, he had raised his strength to 31 . As he was not yet sure about the effects of other stats, he had focused all his points toward strength for now . After all, the thing that was most helpful in fighting magic beasts was strength .
‘The body doesn’t just change like this after few days of exercise . ’
.
If he thought of it like that, there was only one possibility . His body was changing accordingly to the increases in his strength attribute; to grow muscles to maximize the usage of his rising strength . He could not think of another possibility .
However, he did worry at times that he was putting too much points into strength . But seeing his changed body, he became satisfied and forgot about his worries .
‘It really does catch the eyes . ’
Day by day, his name appeared more and more in the nurses’ conversations . As women who constantly worked around the human body, they were probably more sensitive to the changes in his body . With his keen hearing, he did not miss a single mention of his name around him .
‘Maybe it’s about time I got discharged . ’
. .
Translator’s Notes:
[1]: “to be unique” (유일무이; 唯一無二): “only” + “one” + “no” + “second” . I think it’s a phrase that basically translates to “being unique” .
[2]: “this function was limited to items from random boxes . ” (방 안의 다른 물건들은 정보가 뜨지 않는 걸 봐선 랜덤 박스에 서 나온 물건들만의 특징인 듯했다) This part threw me off as it was blatantly wrong . The information screen literally pops up on the sword in the next section . Not sure if I’ve missed something in the translation or if the MC came to a conclusion too quick .
[3]: “-ssi” (씨; “ssi”): I used “Mr . ” or “Ms . ” for this Korean honorific up until this point, but as I go deeper and deeper in the story, just using “Mr . ” started to not fit that well in certain situations . The honorific is used as basic courtesy when people talk or refer to each other, especially common in older ages .
[4]: “streetside food stall” (포장마차; “po-jang-ma-cha”): This is a commonplace shop in Korea . A cross between food cart and an actual restaurant, vendors would set up a giant tarp to act as the inside of a shop and serve various food and drinks .


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 We went along to see what the hype was about, and we were not disappointed.
The cafe is a cosy, but open space that smells of winter spices. Once you are welcomed and hang up your belongings, you are led into the dining space which closely resembles a Hogwarts common room, complete with woven carpets.The cats weave between your feet as you order your drinks. You can take a seat alongside the cat trees, and the friendly bunch will entriguingly visit you to say hi. You are welcomed to entertain the cats with the cat-toys supplied by the cafe. And thus your 90 minutes fly by.
Alongside hosting a clowder of fur-balls, they also offer a variety of delicious food. The extensive tea menu offers all your classics from English breakfast to Peppermint, through to some interesting blends like Caramel Cream, or the house speciality 'Lady Dina's Special Blend'. The fun doesn't stop there! They also brew up a host of speciality drinks for the more adventurous of us.
They also serve up food if you're feeling peckish, and we recommend the 'Nut Roastie' in this chilly weather to warm you up to your bones. There are also some divine cakes that pair really well with any of the hot drinks, we particularly liked the red velvet. Those will dietary requirements, fear not, the cafe is happy to cater to your needs, and the menu already has many options for gluten-free and vegan diets.
Entry is £10 as of Nov 2017, which gets you entry, a cup of tea, coffee or a soft-drink and a 90-min slot to cuddle some cats.
Lady Dinah's prides itself on being the 'First Cat Cafe' in London. This cafe gives welcome relief to the hoard of us who love animals, but aren't allowed ot keep them in a city that is increasingly becoming rental-dominant. This cafe also is a welcome relief for many cats who are adopted and rescued off the street by the owners, giving them a warm home, cuddles plentiful and a unique social life for a feline.
Note: They only allow guests over the age of 12. They don't have anything against kids, it's just as they put it themselves "Kids have a tendency to spook the cats". I totally get this, as the older sister of a cat lover under the age of 8 who loves to show her affection to the cat by yanking their poor tails.
All in all, the cafe is a spot in London that you can't miss. From the ambience to the novelty of being able to have a cat cuddle in the heart of the city, we totally recommend Lady Dinah's Cat Emporium to everyone (over the age of 12 ;).
Booking: Is essential, since the cafe is one of the better known Cat Cafes of London. You can book online and we recommend booking atleast two weeks in advance.
Getting there:
Buses: the No. 8 and No. 388 buses stop just outside the Emporium
Train: the Nearest overground station is Shoreditch High Street Station. The nearest National Rail station: Liverpool Street Station


{% extends "utils/layout.html" %} {% block body %}
Welcome to WCI Walks, a web app that helps you track your walkathon walks. Log your distance each day, compete with others on the leaderboards, or check out your friends' progress. You can also check out your walking statistics from your profile! To get started, please login from the menu using your WRDSB account.
| {{i+1}}. | {{alltimeleaderboard[i][0]}} | {{alltimeleaderboard[i][1]}} km |
| No one's walked yet. |
| {{i+1}}. | {{yesterdayleaderboard[i][0]}} | {{yesterdayleaderboard[i][1]}} km |
| No one walked yesterday. |


Año says China-funded Safe Philippines project will be 'all-Filipino'
The national government will handle all the data gathered by the surveillance system project, says Interior Secretary Eduardo Año
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Ettepanek seadusega keelata kõrvklappide kandmine tänaval


public abstract class XMLGregorianCalendar extends Object implements Cloneable
Representation for W3C XML Schema 1.0 date/time datatypes.
Specifically, these date/time datatypes are
DatatypeConstants.DATETIME
,
DatatypeConstants.TIME
,
DatatypeConstants.DATE
,
DatatypeConstants.GYEARMONTH
,
DatatypeConstants.GMONTHDAY
,
DatatypeConstants.GYEAR
,
DatatypeConstants.GMONTH
, and
DatatypeConstants.GDAY
defined in the XML Namespace
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
.
These datatypes are normatively defined in
W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Section 3.2.7-14.
The table below defines the mapping between XML Schema 1.0 date/time datatype fields and this class' fields. It also summarizes the value constraints for the date and time fields defined in W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Appendix D, ISO 8601 Date and Time Formats.
| Date/Time Datatype Field Mapping Between XML Schema 1.0 and Java Representation | ||
|---|---|---|
| XML Schema 1.0 datatype field |
Related XMLGregorianCalendar Accessor(s) |
Value Range |
| year | getYear() + getEon() orgetEonAndYear()
|
getYear() is a value between -(10^9-1) to (10^9)-1
or DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED .getEon() is high order year value in billion of years.getEon() has values greater than or equal to (10^9) or less than or equal to -(10^9).
A value of null indicates field is undefined.
Given that XML Schema 1.0 errata states that the year zero
will be a valid lexical value in a future version of XML Schema,
this class allows the year field to be set to zero. Otherwise,
the year field value is handled exactly as described
in the errata and [ISO-8601-1988]. Note that W3C XML Schema 1.0
validation does not allow for the year field to have a value of zero.
|
| month | getMonth() |
1 to 12 or DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED |
| day | getDay() |
Independent of month, max range is 1 to 31 or DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED .The normative value constraint stated relative to month field's value is in W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Appendix D. |
| hour | getHour() |
0 to 23 or DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED .
An hour value of 24 is allowed to be set in the lexical space provided the minute and second
field values are zero. However, an hour value of 24 is not allowed in value space and will be
transformed to represent the value of the first instance of the following day as per
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, 3.2 Primitive datatypes.
|
| minute | getMinute() |
0 to 59 or DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED |
| second |
getSecond() + getMillisecond() /1000 orgetSecond() + getFractionalSecond()
|
getSecond() from 0 to 60 or DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED .(Note: 60 only allowable for leap second.) getFractionalSecond() allows for infinite precision over the range from 0.0 to 1.0 when
the getSecond() is defined.FractionalSecond is optional and has a value of null when it is undefined.getMillisecond() is the convenience
millisecond precision of value of getFractionalSecond() .
|
| timezone | getTimezone() |
Number of minutes or DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED .
Value range from -14 hours (-14 * 60 minutes) to 14 hours (14 * 60 minutes).
|
All maximum value space constraints listed for the fields in the table
above are checked by factory methods, @{link DatatypeFactory},
setter methods and parse methods of
this class. IllegalArgumentException
is thrown when a
parameter's value is outside the value constraint for the field or
if the composite
values constitute an invalid XMLGregorianCalendar instance (for example, if
the 31st of June is specified).
The following operations are defined for this class:
toString()
, DatatypeFactory.newXMLGregorianCalendar(String lexicalRepresentation)
GregorianCalendar
,
toGregorianCalendar(java.util.TimeZone timezone, java.util.Locale aLocale, XMLGregorianCalendar defaults)
,
DatatypeFactory
compare(XMLGregorianCalendar xmlGregorianCalendar)
equals(Object)
defined relative to compare(XMLGregorianCalendar xmlGregorianCalendar)
.Duration
instance as defined in
W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Appendix E, Adding durations to dateTimes.
Duration
,
DatatypeFactory
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
XMLGregorianCalendar()
Default no-arg constructor.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
abstract void |
add(Duration duration)
Add
duration to this instance. |
abstract void |
clear()
Unset all fields to undefined.
|
abstract Object |
clone()
Creates and returns a copy of this object.
|
abstract int |
compare(XMLGregorianCalendar xmlGregorianCalendar)
Compare two instances of W3C XML Schema 1.0 date/time datatypes
according to partial order relation defined in
W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Section <IP_ADDRESS>,
Order relation on dateTime.
|
boolean |
equals(Object obj)
Compares this calendar to the specified object.
|
abstract int |
getDay()
Return day in month or
DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED . |
abstract BigInteger |
getEon()
Return high order component for XML Schema 1.0 dateTime datatype field for
year . |
abstract BigInteger |
getEonAndYear()
Return XML Schema 1.0 dateTime datatype field for
year . |
abstract BigDecimal |
getFractionalSecond()
Return fractional seconds.
|
abstract int |
getHour()
Return hours or
DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED . |
int |
getMillisecond()
Return millisecond precision of
getFractionalSecond() . |
abstract int |
getMinute()
Return minutes or
DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED . |
abstract int |
getMonth()
Return number of month or
DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED . |
abstract int |
getSecond()
Return seconds or
DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED . |
abstract int |
getTimezone()
Return timezone offset in minutes or
DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED if this optional field is not defined. |
abstract TimeZone |
getTimeZone(int defaultZoneoffset)
Returns a
java.util.TimeZone for this class. |
abstract QName |
getXMLSchemaType()
Return the name of the XML Schema date/time type that this instance
maps to.
|
abstract int |
getYear()
Return low order component for XML Schema 1.0 dateTime datatype field for
year or DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED . |
int |
hashCode()
Returns a hash code consistent with the definition of the equals method.
|
abstract boolean |
isValid()
Validate instance by
getXMLSchemaType() constraints. |
abstract XMLGregorianCalendar |
normalize()
Normalize this instance to UTC.
|
abstract void |
reset()
Reset this
XMLGregorianCalendar to its original values. |
abstract void |
setDay(int day)
Set days in month.
|
abstract void |
setFractionalSecond(BigDecimal fractional)
Set fractional seconds.
|
abstract void |
setHour(int hour)
Set hours.
|
abstract void |
setMillisecond(int millisecond)
Set milliseconds.
|
abstract void |
setMinute(int minute)
Set minutes.
|
abstract void |
setMonth(int month)
Set month.
|
abstract void |
setSecond(int second)
Set seconds.
|
void |
setTime(int hour,
int minute,
int second)
Set time as one unit.
|
void |
setTime(int hour,
int minute,
int second,
BigDecimal fractional)
Set time as one unit, including the optional infinite precision
fractional seconds.
|
void |
setTime(int hour,
int minute,
int second,
int millisecond)
Set time as one unit, including optional milliseconds.
|
abstract void |
setTimezone(int offset)
Set the number of minutes in the timezone offset.
|
abstract void |
setYear(BigInteger year)
Set low and high order component of XSD
dateTime year field. |
abstract void |
setYear(int year)
Set year of XSD
dateTime year field. |
abstract GregorianCalendar |
toGregorianCalendar()
Convert this
XMLGregorianCalendar to a GregorianCalendar . |
abstract GregorianCalendar |
toGregorianCalendar(TimeZone timezone,
Locale aLocale,
XMLGregorianCalendar defaults)
Convert this
XMLGregorianCalendar along with provided parameters
to a GregorianCalendar instance. |
String |
toString()
Returns a
String representation of this XMLGregorianCalendar Object . |
abstract String |
toXMLFormat()
Return the lexical representation of
this instance. |
public XMLGregorianCalendar()
Note: Always use the DatatypeFactory
to
construct an instance of XMLGregorianCalendar
.
The constructor on this class cannot be guaranteed to
produce an object with a consistent state and may be
removed in the future.
public abstract void clear()
Unset all fields to undefined.
Set all int fields to DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
and reference fields
to null.
public abstract void reset()
Reset this XMLGregorianCalendar
to its original values.
XMLGregorianCalendar
is reset to the same values as when it was created with
DatatypeFactory.newXMLGregorianCalendar()
,
DatatypeFactory.newXMLGregorianCalendar(String lexicalRepresentation)
,
DatatypeFactory.newXMLGregorianCalendar(
BigInteger year,
int month,
int day,
int hour,
int minute,
int second,
BigDecimal fractionalSecond,
int timezone)
,
DatatypeFactory.newXMLGregorianCalendar(
int year,
int month,
int day,
int hour,
int minute,
int second,
int millisecond,
int timezone)
,
DatatypeFactory.newXMLGregorianCalendar(GregorianCalendar cal)
,
DatatypeFactory.newXMLGregorianCalendarDate(
int year,
int month,
int day,
int timezone)
,
DatatypeFactory.newXMLGregorianCalendarTime(
int hours,
int minutes,
int seconds,
int timezone)
,
DatatypeFactory.newXMLGregorianCalendarTime(
int hours,
int minutes,
int seconds,
BigDecimal fractionalSecond,
int timezone)
or
DatatypeFactory.newXMLGregorianCalendarTime(
int hours,
int minutes,
int seconds,
int milliseconds,
int timezone)
.
reset()
is designed to allow the reuse of existing XMLGregorianCalendar
s
thus saving resources associated with the creation of new XMLGregorianCalendar
s.
public abstract void setYear(BigInteger year)
Set low and high order component of XSD dateTime
year field.
Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of null
.
year
- value constraints summarized in year field of date/time field mapping table.IllegalArgumentException
- if year
parameter is
outside value constraints for the field as specified in
date/time field mapping table.public abstract void setYear(int year)
Set year of XSD dateTime
year field.
Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of
DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
Note: if the absolute value of the year
parameter
is less than 10^9, the eon component of the XSD year field is set to
null
by this method.
year
- value constraints are summarized in year field of date/time field mapping table.
If year is DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
, then eon is set to null
.public abstract void setMonth(int month)
Set month.
Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
month
- value constraints summarized in month field of date/time field mapping table.IllegalArgumentException
- if month
parameter is
outside value constraints for the field as specified in
date/time field mapping table.public abstract void setDay(int day)
Set days in month.
Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
day
- value constraints summarized in day field of date/time field mapping table.IllegalArgumentException
- if day
parameter is
outside value constraints for the field as specified in
date/time field mapping table.public abstract void setTimezone(int offset)
Set the number of minutes in the timezone offset.
Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
offset
- value constraints summarized in
timezone field of date/time field mapping table.IllegalArgumentException
- if offset
parameter is
outside value constraints for the field as specified in
date/time field mapping table.public void setTime(int hour, int minute, int second)
Set time as one unit.
hour
- value constraints are summarized in
hour field of date/time field mapping table.minute
- value constraints are summarized in
minute field of date/time field mapping table.second
- value constraints are summarized in
second field of date/time field mapping table.IllegalArgumentException
- if any parameter is
outside value constraints for the field as specified in
date/time field mapping table.setTime(int, int, int, BigDecimal)
public abstract void setHour(int hour)
Set hours.
Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
hour
- value constraints summarized in hour field of date/time field mapping table.IllegalArgumentException
- if hour
parameter is outside value constraints for the field as specified in
date/time field mapping table.public abstract void setMinute(int minute)
Set minutes.
Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
minute
- value constraints summarized in minute field of date/time field mapping table.IllegalArgumentException
- if minute
parameter is outside value constraints for the field as specified in
date/time field mapping table.public abstract void setSecond(int second)
Set seconds.
Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
second
- value constraints summarized in second field of date/time field mapping table.IllegalArgumentException
- if second
parameter is outside value constraints for the field as specified in
date/time field mapping table.public abstract void setMillisecond(int millisecond)
Set milliseconds.
Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
millisecond
- value constraints summarized in
second field of date/time field mapping table.IllegalArgumentException
- if millisecond
parameter is outside value constraints for the field as specified
in date/time field mapping table.public abstract void setFractionalSecond(BigDecimal fractional)
Set fractional seconds.
Unset this field by invoking the setter with a parameter value of null
.
fractional
- value constraints summarized in
second field of date/time field mapping table.IllegalArgumentException
- if fractional
parameter is outside value constraints for the field as specified
in date/time field mapping table.public void setTime(int hour, int minute, int second, BigDecimal fractional)
Set time as one unit, including the optional infinite precision fractional seconds.
hour
- value constraints are summarized in
hour field of date/time field mapping table.minute
- value constraints are summarized in
minute field of date/time field mapping table.second
- value constraints are summarized in
second field of date/time field mapping table.fractional
- value of null
indicates this optional
field is not set.IllegalArgumentException
- if any parameter is
outside value constraints for the field as specified in
date/time field mapping table.public void setTime(int hour, int minute, int second, int millisecond)
Set time as one unit, including optional milliseconds.
hour
- value constraints are summarized in
hour field of date/time field mapping table.minute
- value constraints are summarized in
minute field of date/time field mapping table.second
- value constraints are summarized in
second field of date/time field mapping table.millisecond
- value of DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
indicates this
optional field is not set.IllegalArgumentException
- if any parameter is
outside value constraints for the field as specified in
date/time field mapping table.public abstract BigInteger getEon()
Return high order component for XML Schema 1.0 dateTime datatype field for
year
.
null
if this optional part of the year field is not defined.
Value constraints for this value are summarized in year field of date/time field mapping table.
XMLGregorianCalendar
. The value
returned is an integer multiple of 10^9.getYear()
,
getEonAndYear()
public abstract int getYear()
Return low order component for XML Schema 1.0 dateTime datatype field for
year
or DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
Value constraints for this value are summarized in year field of date/time field mapping table.
XMLGregorianCalendar
.getEon()
,
getEonAndYear()
public abstract BigInteger getEonAndYear()
Return XML Schema 1.0 dateTime datatype field for
year
.
Value constraints for this value are summarized in year field of date/time field mapping table.
public abstract int getMonth()
Return number of month or DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
Value constraints for this value are summarized in month field of date/time field mapping table.
XMLGregorianCalendar
.public abstract int getDay()
DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
Value constraints for this value are summarized in day field of date/time field mapping table.
setDay(int)
public abstract int getTimezone()
DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
if this optional field is not defined.
Value constraints for this value are summarized in timezone field of date/time field mapping table.
setTimezone(int)
public abstract int getHour()
DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
Returns DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
if this field is not defined.
Value constraints for this value are summarized in hour field of date/time field mapping table.
setTime(int, int, int)
public abstract int getMinute()
DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
Returns DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
if this field is not defined.
Value constraints for this value are summarized in minute field of date/time field mapping table.
setTime(int, int, int)
public abstract int getSecond()
Return seconds or DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
Returns DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
if this field is not defined.
When this field is not defined, the optional xs:dateTime
fractional seconds field, represented by
getFractionalSecond()
and getMillisecond()
,
must not be defined.
Value constraints for this value are summarized in second field of date/time field mapping table.
XMLGregorianCalendar
.getFractionalSecond()
,
getMillisecond()
,
setTime(int, int, int)
public int getMillisecond()
Return millisecond precision of getFractionalSecond()
.
This method represents a convenience accessor to infinite
precision fractional second value returned by
getFractionalSecond()
. The returned value is the rounded
down to milliseconds value of
getFractionalSecond()
. When getFractionalSecond()
returns null
, this method must return
DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
Value constraints for this value are summarized in second field of date/time field mapping table.
XMLGregorianCalendar
.getFractionalSecond()
,
setTime(int, int, int)
public abstract BigDecimal getFractionalSecond()
Return fractional seconds.
null
is returned when this optional field is not defined.
Value constraints are detailed in second field of date/time field mapping table.
This optional field can only have a defined value when the
xs:dateTime second field, represented by getSecond()
,
does not return DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
.
XMLGregorianCalendar
.getSecond()
,
setTime(int, int, int, BigDecimal)
public abstract int compare(XMLGregorianCalendar xmlGregorianCalendar)
Compare two instances of W3C XML Schema 1.0 date/time datatypes according to partial order relation defined in W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Section <IP_ADDRESS>, Order relation on dateTime.
xsd:dateTime
datatype field mapping to accessors of
this class are defined in
date/time field mapping table.
xmlGregorianCalendar
- Instance of XMLGregorianCalendar
to comparethis
XMLGregorianCalendar
and
the specified xmlGregorianCalendar
as
DatatypeConstants.LESSER
,
DatatypeConstants.EQUAL
,
DatatypeConstants.GREATER
or
DatatypeConstants.INDETERMINATE
.NullPointerException
- if xmlGregorianCalendar
is null.public abstract XMLGregorianCalendar normalize()
Normalize this instance to UTC.
2000-03-04T23:00:00+03:00 normalizes to 2000-03-04T20:00:00Z
Implements W3C XML Schema Part 2, Section <IP_ADDRESS> (A).
this
XMLGregorianCalendar
normalized to UTC.public boolean equals(Object obj)
Compares this calendar to the specified object. The result is
true
if and only if the argument is not null and is an
XMLGregorianCalendar
object that represents the same
instant in time as this object.
equals
in class Object
obj
- to compare.true
when obj
is an instance of
XMLGregorianCalendar
and
compare(XMLGregorianCalendar obj)
returns DatatypeConstants.EQUAL
,
otherwise false
.Object.hashCode()
,
HashMap
public int hashCode()
Returns a hash code consistent with the definition of the equals method.
hashCode
in class Object
Object.equals(java.lang.Object)
,
System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)
public abstract String toXMLFormat()
Return the lexical representation of this
instance.
The format is specified in
XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Section 3.2.[7-14].1,
Lexical Representation".
Specific target lexical representation format is determined by
getXMLSchemaType()
.
String
, representation of this XMLGregorianCalendar
IllegalStateException
- if the combination of set fields
does not match one of the eight defined XML Schema builtin date/time datatypes.public abstract QName getXMLSchemaType()
Return the name of the XML Schema date/time type that this instance maps to. Type is computed based on fields that are set.
|
Required fields for XML Schema 1.0 Date/Time Datatypes. (timezone is optional for all date/time datatypes) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Datatype | year | month | day | hour | minute | second |
DatatypeConstants.DATETIME |
X | X | X | X | X | X |
DatatypeConstants.DATE |
X | X | X | |||
DatatypeConstants.TIME |
X | X | X | |||
DatatypeConstants.GYEARMONTH |
X | X | ||||
DatatypeConstants.GMONTHDAY |
X | X | ||||
DatatypeConstants.GYEAR |
X | |||||
DatatypeConstants.GMONTH |
X | |||||
DatatypeConstants.GDAY |
X |
DatatypeConstants.DATETIME
,
DatatypeConstants.TIME
,
DatatypeConstants.DATE
,
DatatypeConstants.GYEARMONTH
,
DatatypeConstants.GMONTHDAY
,
DatatypeConstants.GYEAR
,
DatatypeConstants.GMONTH
or
DatatypeConstants.GDAY
.IllegalStateException
- if the combination of set fields
does not match one of the eight defined XML Schema builtin
date/time datatypes.public String toString()
Returns a String
representation of this XMLGregorianCalendar
Object
.
The result is a lexical representation generated by toXMLFormat()
.
toString
in class Object
null
valid String
representation of this XMLGregorianCalendar
.IllegalStateException
- if the combination of set fields
does not match one of the eight defined XML Schema builtin date/time datatypes.toXMLFormat()
public abstract boolean isValid()
getXMLSchemaType()
constraints.public abstract void add(Duration duration)
Add duration
to this instance.
The computation is specified in
XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Appendix E,
Adding durations to dateTimes>.
date/time field mapping table
defines the mapping from XML Schema 1.0 dateTime
fields
to this class' representation of those fields.
duration
- Duration to add to this XMLGregorianCalendar
.NullPointerException
- when duration
parameter is null
.public abstract GregorianCalendar toGregorianCalendar()
Convert this XMLGregorianCalendar
to a GregorianCalendar
.
When this
instance has an undefined field, this
conversion relies on the java.util.GregorianCalendar
default
for its corresponding field. A notable difference between
XML Schema 1.0 date/time datatypes and java.util.GregorianCalendar
is that Timezone value is optional for date/time datatypes and it is
a required field for java.util.GregorianCalendar
. See javadoc
for java.util.TimeZone.getDefault()
on how the default
is determined. To explicitly specify the TimeZone
instance, see
toGregorianCalendar(TimeZone, Locale, XMLGregorianCalendar)
.
Field by Field Conversion from this class to
java.util.GregorianCalendar
|
|
|---|---|
java.util.GregorianCalendar field |
javax.xml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar field |
ERA |
getEonAndYear() .signum() < 0 ? GregorianCalendar.BC : GregorianCalendar.AD |
YEAR |
getEonAndYear() .abs().intValue() * |
MONTH |
getMonth() - DatatypeConstants.JANUARY + Calendar.JANUARY |
DAY_OF_MONTH |
getDay() |
HOUR_OF_DAY |
getHour() |
MINUTE |
getMinute() |
SECOND |
getSecond() |
MILLISECOND |
get millisecond order from getFractionalSecond() * |
GregorianCalendar.setTimeZone(TimeZone) |
getTimezone() formatted into Custom timezone id |
To ensure consistency in conversion implementations, the new
GregorianCalendar
should be instantiated in following
manner.
timeZone
value as defined above, create a new
java.util.GregorianCalendar(timeZone,Locale.getDefault())
.
Calendar.clear()
.GregorianCalendar.setGregorianChange(
new Date(Long.MIN_VALUE))
.Calendar.set(int,int)
public abstract GregorianCalendar toGregorianCalendar(TimeZone timezone, Locale aLocale, XMLGregorianCalendar defaults)
Convert this XMLGregorianCalendar
along with provided parameters
to a GregorianCalendar
instance.
Since XML Schema 1.0 date/time datetypes has no concept of
timezone ids or daylight savings timezone ids, this conversion operation
allows the user to explicitly specify one with
timezone
parameter.
To compute the return value's TimeZone
field,
timeZone
is non-null,
it is the timezone field.this.getTimezone() != FIELD_UNDEFINED
,
create a java.util.TimeZone
with a custom timezone id
using the this.getTimezone()
.defaults.getTimezone() != FIELD_UNDEFINED
,
create a java.util.TimeZone
with a custom timezone id
using defaults.getTimezone()
.GregorianCalendar
default timezone value
for the host is defined as specified by
java.util.TimeZone.getDefault()
.To ensure consistency in conversion implementations, the new
GregorianCalendar
should be instantiated in following
manner.
java.util.GregorianCalendar(TimeZone,
Locale)
with TimeZone set as specified above and the
Locale
parameter.
Calendar.clear()
GregorianCalendar.setGregorianChange(
new Date(Long.MIN_VALUE))
.Calendar.set(int,int)
timezone
- provide Timezone. null
is a legal value.aLocale
- provide explicit Locale. Use default GregorianCalendar locale if
value is null
.defaults
- provide default field values to use when corresponding
field for this instance is FIELD_UNDEFINED or null.
If defaults
is null
or a field
within the specified defaults
is undefined,
just use java.util.GregorianCalendar
defaults.public abstract TimeZone getTimeZone(int defaultZoneoffset)
Returns a java.util.TimeZone
for this class.
If timezone field is defined for this instance, returns TimeZone initialized with custom timezone id of zoneoffset. If timezone field is undefined, try the defaultZoneoffset that was passed in. If defaultZoneoffset is FIELD_UNDEFINED, return default timezone for this host. (Same default as java.util.GregorianCalendar).
defaultZoneoffset
- default zoneoffset if this zoneoffset is
DatatypeConstants.FIELD_UNDEFINED
. Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
Copyright © 1993, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


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Perak MB: Mainland not affected when Pangkor gets tax-free status
IPOH, Nov 22 — The proclamation of Pangkor Island as a duty-free island in January next year, will not affect the mainland, said Perak Mentri Besar Datuk Seri Ahmad Faizal Azumu.
He said the matter had been discussed with the Ministry of Finance.
“Rumours that the mainland would also be declared tax free are mere talks and that will not happen.
“I personally headed the discussion with the Ministry of Finance and there was nothing said about making the mainland area tax-free,” he said during a debate on the 2020 Perak Budget at the Perak Darul Ridzuan Building here today.
Ahmad Faizal (PH-Chenderiang) said this in reply to Datuk Dr Zambry Abdul Kadir (BN-Pangkor) who intervened during the winding-up session to raise that there were objections to the proposal to extend the duty-free zone to areas outside Pangkor.
On the sale of liquor in Pangkor Island when the island is declared duty-free, Ahmad Faizal said special areas would be provided for the purpose.
Pangkor is an island off the coast of Lumut in Manjung district and is situated some 90 kilometres from here. — Bernama


libstddjb
skalibs
Software
www.skarnet.org
The following functions are declared in the tai.h header, and implemented in the libstddjb.a or libstddjb.so library.
tai is a set of data structures and primitives to represent and perform operations on time.
The point of tai is to handle time without ever having to deal with annoyances such as Y2K, Y2038, NTP limits, non-linear clocks, and the like. By using the tai interface, you ensure your program will behave properly no matter what.
The standard APIs for time management under Unix are broken in more or less subtle ways. The most obvious thing is that they do not pass year 2038. A less obvious problem is that they do not handle leap seconds correctly. Here are a few references you should read to understand what is going on:
The meat and potatoes of all this is that programmers cannot simply rely on standard Unix APIs such as gettimeofday() to measure time intervals or even to give precise absolute time, and in any case those APIs will become obsolete in 2038.
tai implements - among other things - the TAI64, TAI64N and TAI64NA formats, which are used in all of skalibs. This gives a programmer access to precise linear absolute time, which is suitable for both timestamping (wallclock usage) and time interval measurements (stopwatch usage). Additionally, TAI64 passes Y2038 (it can represent dates exceeding the estimated lifespan of the universe).
tai has been inspired by Dan J. Bernstein's libtai library, but does not borrow any code from it.
A struct tai structure holds an absolute date with a one-second precision. A struct taia structure holds an absolute date with a maximum of one-attosecond precision, as permitted by the underlying system call. If flag-usert is clear, the system clock will be read via gettimeofday() system call, which has a one-microsecond precision; if it is set, the system clock will be read via the clock_gettime() system call, which has a one-nanosecond precision. In either case, a current struct taia will be unable to be more precise than the underlying implementation.
A struct tai, as well as a struct taia, can also hold a (possibly negative) relative time, i.e. a difference of absolute dates. It is up to the programmer to make sure that a relative time is never interpreted as an absolute TAI64 date, and vice-versa.
skalibs provides a /package/prog/skalibs/etc/leapsecs.dat file, which is copied to /etc/leapsecs.dat at installation time. Make sure this file is always present and readable. This file contains the leap second table, which is needed for conversions between TAI and UTC. If you call a function that needs such a conversion (for instance, you call taia_sysclock() and your system clock is set to UTC) and the file cannot be read, the function call will fail.
The leap second table is read once in every process that needs it (the first time a TAI ↔ UTC conversion is made) and then is stored in memory. If the leapsecs.dat file changes, long-lived processes will need to be restarted to take the change into account.
int tai_now (struct tai *t)
Writes the current time as a TAI value to *t, with a
1-second precision. The current time is based on the system clock.
Make sure you have set or cleared the
flag-clockistai according
to your system clock synchronization method: skalibs supports a
system clock set to TAI-10 or to UTC.
The function returns 1 if it succeeds, or 0 (and sets errno) if
it fails.
int sysclock_get (struct taia *a)
Reads the current value of the system clock into *a, with
a 1-nanosecond (resp. 1-microsecond) if
flag-usert is set (resp. clear)
precision. Returns 1 if it succeeds or 0 (and sets errno) if it
fails. Note that despite being a struct taia, *a
does not contain a TAI value - it only contains
an internal, Y2038-safe representation of the value of the system
clock, which should be either TAI-10 or UTC. You should not use
this function directly unless you know exactly what you are doing.
int sysclock_set (struct taia const *a)
Sets the system clock to *a, provided *a has
the correct internal representation. You should not use this
function directly unless you know exactly what you are doing.
int taia_sysclock (struct taia *a)
Reads the current time into *a, as a TAI64NA value,
with a 1-nanosecond (resp. 1-microsecond) if
flag-usert is set (resp. clear)
precision. Returns 1 if it succeeds or 0 (and sets errno) if it
fails.
Here a contains a valid TAI stamp, no matter what the
system clock is set to: arithmetic operations can be performed
on it.
int taia_setnow (struct taia const *a)
Sets the current time to *a, with a 1-nanosecond
(resp. 1-microsecond) if
flag-usert is set (resp. clear)
precision. Returns 1 if it succeeds or 0 (and sets errno) if it
fails. a must contain a valid TAI stamp; proper
operations will be automatically run to convert that stamp into
the right format for the system clock.
The following 3 operations are only defined if your system provides the clock_gettime() primitive with the CLOCK_MONOTONIC option.
int taia_clockmon_init (struct taia *offset)
Initializes a stopwatch in *offset. The actual value of
*offset is meaningless to the user; offset's only
use is to be given as a second parameter to taia_clockmon().
The function returns 1 if it succeeds or 0 (and sets errno) if it fails.
What taia_clockmon_init() does is synchronize the "stopwatch clock" (CLOCK_MONOTONIC) to the system clock. Right after taia_clockmon_init() has been called, the absolute times given by taia_clockmon() and taia_sysclock() are similar. Then, depending on the accuracy of the system clock, a drift may appear; calling taia_clockmon_init() again resets that drift to zero.
int taia_clockmon (struct taia *a, struct taia const *offset)
Gives the absolute time, as a TAI64NA value, in *a. This
absolute time is computed as a linear increase (as measured with
CLOCK_MONOTONIC) since the last time taia_clockmon_init()
was called with parameter offset. taia_clockmon()
guarantees precise time interval measurements; however, the time it
gives can slightly differ from the result of taia_sysclock().
The function returns 1 if it succeeds or 0 (and sets errno) if it fails.
int taia_init (void)
If flag-usemon is set: this
function initializes a process-global stopwatch, that future
taia_now invocations will depend on.
If flag-usemon is clear: this
function does nothing.
The function returns 1 if it succeeds or 0 (and sets errno) if it fails.
int taia_now (struct taia *a)
Writes the current time, as a TAI value, to *a. This is the
function you should use to read time by default. It returns 1 if it succeeds or
0 (and sets errno) if it fails.
If flag-usemon is set: taia_now() is computed as a linear increase from the last time taia_init() was called. (If taia_init() has never been called before, the first invocation of taia_now() automatically calls taia_init().) If flag-usemon is clear: taia_now() is the same as taia_sysclock().
If all of the above is unclear to you: just use taia_now() everytime you need to read time, and you will always get a reasonable approximation of the current time, in a format suited for arithmetic computations.
int tai_from_timeval (struct tai *t, struct timeval const *tv)
int tai_from_timespec (struct tai *t, struct timespec const *ts)
int tai_relative_from_timeval (struct tai *t, struct timeval const *tv)
int tai_relative_from_timespec (struct tai *t, struct timespec const *ts)
Those functions convert an absolute (resp. relative) time in a
struct timeval (resp. struct timespec) to an absolute (resp. relative)
time in a struct tai, with a 1-second precision. They return 1.
int timeval_from_tai (struct timeval *tv, struct tai const *t)
int timespec_from_tai (struct timespec *ts, struct tai const *t)
int timeval_from_tai_relative (struct timeval *tv, struct tai const *t)
int timespec_from_tai_relative (struct timespec *ts, struct tai const *t)
Those functions do the opposite conversion. They normally return 1;
however, struct timeval and struct timespec cannot
represent an absolute date before the Epoch, or a negative relative time;
if *t cannot be converted, 0 EINVAL is returned.
int taia_from_timeval (struct taia *a, struct timeval const *tv)
int taia_from_timespec (struct taia *a, struct timespec const *ts)
int taia_relative_from_timeval (struct taia *a, struct timeval const *tv)
int taia_relative_from_timespec (struct taia *a, struct timespec const *ts)
int timeval_from_taia (struct timeval *tv, struct taia const *a)
int timespec_from_taia (struct timespec *ts, struct taia const *a)
int timeval_from_taia_relative (struct timeval *tv, struct taia const *a)
int timespec_from_taia_relative (struct timespec *ts, struct taia const *a)
Same conversion operations, but with a struct taia. The 1-microsecond
(for struct timeval) or 1-nanosecond (for struct timespec)
precision is preserved.
void taia_uint (struct taia *a, unsigned int c)
Stores a relative time of c seconds into a.
int taia_from_millisecs (struct taia *a, int ms)
This function makes a struct taia representing a relative
time of ms milliseconds. ms must be non-negative.
The function returns 1, unless ms is negative, in which case
it returns 0 EINVAL.
int taia_to_millisecs (struct taia const *a)
If *a contains a non-negative relative time that fits into
a 31-bit integer number of milliseconds, the function returns that
number. Else it returns -1 EINVAL.
void tai_add (struct tai *t, struct tai const *t1, struct tai const *t2)
Stores *t1 + *t2 into t. Of course, *t1
and *t2 must not both represent absolute times.
void tai_sub (struct tai *t, struct tai const *t1, struct tai const *t2)
Stores *t1 - *t2 into t. Of course, *t1
and *t2 must be of the same type (relative or absolute), and
*t will always be relative.
void taia_add (struct taia *a, struct taia const *a1, struct taia const *a2)
void taia_sub (struct taia *a, struct taia const *a1, struct taia const *a2)
Same thing with struct taia.
void taia_addsec (struct taia *a, struct taia const *a1, int c)
Adds c seconds to *a1 and stores the result into a.
c may be negative.
void taia_half (struct taia *a, struct taia const *b)
Stores *b/2 into a. *b must be relative.
int tai_less (struct tai const *t1, struct tai const *t2)
int taia_less (struct taia const *t1, struct taia const *t2)
Those functions return nonzero iff *t1 is lesser than *t2.
*t1 and *t2 must be both relative, or both absolute.
void tai_pack (char *s, struct tai const *t)
Marshalls *t into the buffer s points to, which
must be preallocated with at least TAI_PACK (8) characters. Afterwards,
the buffer contains the
external TAI64 format
representation of *t.
void tai_unpack (char const *s, struct tai *t)
Unmarshalls the
external TAI64 format
label pointed to by s (at least TAI_PACK characters) and stores
the result into t.
void tain_pack (char *s, struct taia const *a)
void tain_unpack (char const *s, struct taia *a)
void taia_pack (char *s, struct taia const *a)
void taia_unpack (char const *s, struct taia *a)
Same thing with
external TAI64N format,
using TAIN_PACK (12) characters, and
external TAI64NA format,
using TAIA_PACK (16) characters. Note that a struct taia is used in
both cases; there is no specific internal representation of TAI64N.
unsigned int tain_fmt (char *s, struct taia const *a)
Writes into s an ASCII representation of *a in external
TAI64N format. s must point to a preallocated buffer of at least
TAIN_PACK*2 (24) characters. The function returns the number of bytes that
have been written to s (24).
unsigned int tain_scan (char const *s, struct taia *a)
Reads 24 characters from s; if those characters are a valid ASCII
representation of the external TAI64N format of some time value, this value
is stored into a, and 24 is returned. Else 0 is returned.
unsigned int taia_fmt (char *s, struct taia const *a)
unsigned int taia_scan (char const *s, struct taia *a)
Same thing with 32 characters and the TAI64NA format.
A TAI64N timestamp is a string of 25 characters: a single '@' character followed by the ASCII representation of the TAI64N external format of an absolute date.
unsigned int timestamp_fmt (char *s, struct taia const *a)
Writes a TAI64N timestamp representing the absolute date *a
into the 25 characters pointed to by s. Returns 25.
unsigned int timestamp_scan (char const *s, struct taia *a)
Reads 25 characters at s. If those characters are a valid TAI64N
timestamp, stores the absolute date in a and returns 25. Else,
returns 0.
int timestamp (char *s)
Writes the current time (read from the system clock) as a TAI64N timestamp
into s. Returns 1 if it succeeds or 0 (and sets errno) if it fails.
TAI64N timestamps are an efficient, robust, and easy-to-use way of timestampping log lines. They're easy to recognize in automatic data parsers. Log files where every line starts with a TAI64N timestamp can be merged and alphanumerically sorted: the resulting file will be chronologically sorted.
The s6 package provides tools to convert TAI64N timestamps into human-readable dates. Please do not embed human-readable dates in your log files, thus making parsing tools unnecessarily hard to write; use TAI64N timestamps instead, design tools that can parse them, and translate them to human-readable form at human analysis time.