Coronavirus: a brazilian perspective
Daily indicators about the Convid-19 pandemic around the world focusing in Brazil.
This information is for own use only and shall NOT be used for medical and public policy guidances.
Theses data are upted in daily bases around 8am (GMT -3).
All this content can be downloaded here.
Indicators and detailed map about transmission, mortality and recoveries in Brazil.
Indicators and detailed map about transmission, mortality and recoveries in Sao Paulo, state of Brazil.
Indicators and detailed map about transmission, mortality and recoveries around the world.


System Architect Definitions, Encyclopedia:"D:\DATA\SYSARCH\HCM\GEN_DATA\SUBJECT\V01\CURRENT\"
Temporal Link Type (Class)
- Description:
"Associative Category" capable of classifying "Temporal Phenomenon Links" and "Timepoint
Associations".
- Comment:
-
The types of link are:
A starts and ends before B starts
A starts before B starts and ends when B starts
A starts before B starts and ends after B starts but before it ends
A starts before B starts and ends when B ends
A starts before B starts and ends after B ends
A starts when B starts and ends when B starts
A starts when B starts and ends after B starts and before B ends
A starts when B starts and ends when B ends
A starts when B starts and ends after B ends
A starts after B starts but before it ends and ends before B ends
A starts after B starts but before it ends and ends when B ends
A starts after B starts but before it ends and ends after B ends
A starts when B ends and ends when B ends
A starts when B ends and ends after B ends
A starts and ends after B ends.
For linked objects which are of zero duration, the start and end are simultaneous.
- Source:
HcM QA
- State Type:
F
- &Abstract:
F
- Value:
F
Temporal Phenomenon Link (Class)
- Description:
Link between two "Subject Phenomena" based on time.
- Comment:
Note that for Activities, the start and end are assumed to be that of performance.
- Source:
HcM QA
- State Type:
F
- &Abstract:
F
- Value:
F
Temporal Resource Act (Class)
- Description:
"Activity" making a "Temporal Resource" available for a specified period.
- Comment:
-
Examples include:
Staff roster
Room schedule
Operating theatre session list.
- Source:
CBS V2 Gen
- State Type:
F
- &Abstract:
F
- Value:
F
Temporal Resource For Activity (Class)
- Description:
"Actual Resource For Activity" using a specific "Temporal Resource".
- Source:
CBS V2 Gen
- State Type:
F
- &Abstract:
F
- Value:
F
Temporal Resource (Class)
- Description:
"Resource Held" whose availability may be expressed as a rate.
- Comment:
-
Temporal Resources are available only through the "Resource Activities" in which they are used.
Examples of these are:
Shift rotas (for people)
Booking rotas for buildings, rooms etc.
Temporal Resources may be composed of other Temporal Resources.
- Source:
CBS V2 Gen
- State Type:
F
- &Attributes:
-
"Rate Of Availability"
- &Abstract:
F
- Value:
F
- Definitions Used:
-
Rate Of Availability (Class Attribute)
Text Valued Characteristic (Class)
- Description:
"Subject Characteristic" having a value expressed by a text string.
- Comment:
The string may be structured or unstructured. Examples include pathology and radiology reports,
unstructured assessments as well as amplification and addenda to phenomena. For example, an informal
assessment may be recorded as a Text Valued Characteristic. The obvious drawback is that any
automated analysis of these is difficult if not impossible.
- Source:
HcM QA
- State Type:
F
- &Attributes:
-
Text
- &Abstract:
F
- Value:
F
- Definitions Used:
-
Text (Class Attribute)
Text Valued Qualifier (Class)
- Description:
"Phenomenon Qualifier" having a value expressed by a text string.
- Comment:
The string may be structured or unstructured. Examples include pathology and radiology reports,
unstructured assessments as well as amplification and addenda to phenomena or qualifiers with other
values. For example, an Image Valued Qualifier containing an X-ray image may be qualified by a
report from the radiologist.
- Source:
HcM QA
- State Type:
F
- &Attributes:
-
Text
- &Abstract:
F
- Value:
F
- Definitions Used:
-
Text (Class Attribute)
Text (Class Attribute)
- Derived:
F
- &Value Type:
String
- Optional:
F
- Unique:
F
- Const:
F
- Description:
One or more words.
- Class Name:
"Text Valued Characteristic"
Text (Class Attribute)
- Derived:
F
- &Value Type:
String
- Optional:
F
- Unique:
F
- Const:
F
- Description:
One or more words.
- Class Name:
"Text Valued Qualifier"


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Calculates voter transitions comparing two elections, using the function solve.QP() in package 'quadprog'.
| Version: | 1.0 |
| Depends: | quadprog |
| Published: | 2016-03-18 |
| Author: | Michael Gampmayer |
| Maintainer: | Michael Gampmayer <michael.gampmayer at gmail.com> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | vottrans results |
| Reference manual: | vottrans.pdf |
| Package source: | vottrans_1.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: vottrans_1.0.zip, r-release: vottrans_1.0.zip, r-oldrel: vottrans_1.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: vottrans_1.0.tgz, r-oldrel: vottrans_1.0.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vottrans to link to this page.


Alfred Hitchcock
The Master of Suspense
Here are some of Hitchcock's most notable films:
- 1935 - The 39 Steps is his earliest film to receive universal acclaim.
- 1940 - Rebecca was his only Best Picture Oscar winner.
- 1954 - Rear Window was initially ignored by American films critics, but adored by critics in Europe.
- 1958 - Vertigo is recognized as his best film, and is listed as the #1 film of all time by the British Film Institute.
- 1959 - North by Northwest features a story structure that was a forerunner to James Bond and modern action films.
- 1960 - Psycho, featuring an amazing score by Bernard Herrmann, is his most frightening film.
- 1962 - The Birds was his last big success before his years of decline.
"In examining his films, it was obvious that he had given more thought to the potential of his art than any of his colleagues."
Francois Truffaut
Read more about Alfred Hitchcock onWikipedia.


What are the benefits of version control? Version control is first and foremost a safety net utilized by devs. It allows them to save a separate instance of the code in its entirety every time they submit a change, and the descriptions of these changes serve as a log for the code. If at any time unfixable errors are made, the dev(s) can simply revert back to a previous state in the code and try again. The biggest additional benefit is that with cloud-based version control platforms like GitHub, multiple devs can work on the same piece of code by working independently on separate branches that they create from the original, and then merging the changes later after they've both reviewed the others' changes.
How does git help you keep track of changes? Git helps you keep track of changes by saving an instance of the code every time a commit is made, which is when a new set of changes are committed to the master copy of the code. Best practices dictates that every time a change is committed, a message of varying detail is left explaining what changes were submitted, so by checking the log later a dev can see the evolution of the code through each commit made.
Why use GitHub to store your code? Github allows you to store your work remotely, which allows you to access it later if you need to use a different machine to get to it. Furthermore, it allows other devs to look at your code where it's posted, as well as fork it to make changes, suggestions, or improvements later. Depending on what the terms of your license are, the behavior allowed with your work is subject to your wishes.


"You draw, AI guesses" is a MVP can recognize the sketch drawing on web canvas using a TensorFlow.js friendly Convolutional Neural Network model. It demonstrates how to develop an AI enabled Web App from scratch.
Technical stack: TensorFlow + TensorLayer + Python, TensorFlow.js + ES6 + Node.js
AI guesses:


List of the movies
Eliza Dushku was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to Judith (Rasmussen), a political science professor, and Philip R. Dushku, a teacher and administrator. Her father is Albanian and her mother is American (of Danish, Irish, English, and German descent). She was discovered at the end of a five-month search throughout the United States for the perfect ... See full bio
Born: December 30, 1980 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA
7 nominations. See more awards
List of the movies
Contribute to This Page


{% verbatim %}
Here mainly describes how to deploy PaddlePaddle to the mobile end, as well as some deployment optimization methods and some benchmark.


I am a graphic designer and artist with management experience looking to grow a career in graphic design and/or web design and administration. I am a highly motivated creative worker with an eye for detail and quality craftsmanship. I have nearly 10 years experience in the IT field serving in the Army as a soldier and a DoD Civilian.


--- layout: post title: 'Alarm Clock: Thanks for clicking' date: 2011-12-14 00:00:00 ---
Thanks for clicking! I'm working on a project to design a better alarm clock, and your click on that ad is going to help me decide which direction to go in.
If you'd like to know more about my project, click here. And thanks again!


Search Algorithms
Data
Input
Value to search
Search times
Start
Algorithms
Linear
Binary
Interpolation
Fibonacci
Ternary
Uniform
Jump


input type="text"
This is an example application that illustrates how to utilize some features in HTML 5 to simplify email input for mobile users.
Take a look at this first example, it's a plain, ordinary text input field:
That's the way most web developers implement the email input field: without any special formatting instructions that tells the browser that an email address is being entered.
Sigh.
This approach is not a big deal for desktop browser users as the @ symbol used in ALL email addresses is easily accessible.
For Mobile users, on the other hand, the @ symbol is not usually exposed through the default soft keyboard found on most touch screen devices, so it takes extra work for mobile users to be able to type that character.
input type="email"
Because of mobile devices and touch screens, web developers should always (yes, I do mean allways) use the HTML 5 email input type as demonstrated by the following input field:
As you can see, when using this input type, the email entry keyboard displays on mobile devices, simplifying input.


Post-parsing
Empty.php
Group.php
Literal.php
NOrMore.php
OneOf.php
Parser.php
Recursive.php
Regex.php
Set.php
Token.php
Visualization.php
Word.php
Def.php
Warnings:
Warning on line 15 - Page-level DocBlock precedes "require_once 'MC/Parser/Def/Empty.php'", use another DocBlock to document the source element
Warning on line 28 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Parser_Def
Empty.php
Warnings:
Warning on line 18 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Parser_Def_Empty
Group.php
Warnings:
Warning on line 15 - DocBlock would be page-level, but precedes class "MC_Parser_Token_Group", use another DocBlock to document the file
Literal.php
Warnings:
Warning on line 15 - DocBlock would be page-level, but precedes class "MC_Parser_Def_Literal", use another DocBlock to document the file
NOrMore.php
Warnings:
Warning on line 15 - DocBlock would be page-level, but precedes class "MC_Parser_Def_NOrMore", use another DocBlock to document the file
OneOf.php
Warnings:
Warning on line 18 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Parser_Def_OneOf
Parser.php
Warnings:
Warning on line 15 - Page-level DocBlock precedes "require_once 'MC/Parser/Def.php'", use another DocBlock to document the source element
Warning on line 18 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Parser_Error
Warning on line 19 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Parser_DefError
Warning on line 20 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Parser_ParseError
Warning on line 34 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Parser
Recursive.php
Warnings:
Warning on line 15 - DocBlock would be page-level, but precedes class "MC_Parser_Def_Recursive", use another DocBlock to document the file
Regex.php
Warnings:
Warning on line 18 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Parser_Def_Regex
Set.php
Warnings:
Warning on line 18 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Parser_Def_Set
Token.php
Warnings:
Warning on line 15 - Page-level DocBlock precedes "require_once 'MC/Parser/Token/Group.php'", use another DocBlock to document the source element
Warning on line 20 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Parser_Token
Visualization.php
Warnings:
Warning on line 15 - Page-level DocBlock precedes "require_once 'MC/Parser.php'", use another DocBlock to document the source element
Warning on line 20 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Google_Visualization_Error
Warning on line 24 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Google_Visualization_QueryError
Warning on line 33 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Google_Visualization
Word.php
Warnings:
Warning on line 18 - no @package tag was used in a DocBlock for class MC_Parser_Def_Word
Documentation generated on Wed, 13 May 2009 08:25:47 -0400 by phpDocumentor 1.4.2


12. Dimentionality Reduction¶
12.1. PCA¶
12.1.1. Maximum variance formulation¶
consider a dataset \(\{x_{i}\}\) where \(i=1,...,n\) and \(x_{i} \in \mathbb{R}^{d}\).
our goal is to project the data onto a space having dimensionality \(k < d\) while maximizing the variance of the projected data.
to begin with, consider the projection onto a one-dimensional space\((k=1)\).
we can define the direction of this space by a vector \(u_{1} \in \mathbb{R}^{d}\), we can choose \(u_{1}\) to be a unit vector so that \(u_{1}^{T}u_{1} = 1\).
each data point \(x_{i}\) is then projected onto a scalar value \(u_{1}^{T}x_{i}\), then mean of the projected data:
the variance of the projected data:
where
now we can formalize our problem as:
the lagrangian of this optimization problem:
the primal:
primal satisfy the KKT conditions, so equivalent to dual:
setting the derivative with respect to \(u_{1}\) equal to zero, we have:
which say that \(u_{1}\) must be a eigenvector of \(S\), if we left-multiply by \(u_{1}^{T}\) and make use of \(u_{1}^{T}u_{1} = 1\), we get:
and so the variance will be a maximum when we set \(u_{1}\) equal to the eigenvector having the largest eigenvalue \(\lambda_{1}\). this eigenvector is known as the first principal component.
we can define the additional principal components in an increamental fashion by choosing each new direction to be that which maximizes the projected variance amongst all possible directions orthogonal to those already considered.
second principal component:
like before, using lagrangian we derive:
left multiply by \(u_{1}^{T}\):
analyzing each component:
we get:
back to zero derivative we have:
so \(\lambda_{2}\) is the second largest eigenvalue of \(S\).
by induction, we can show that \(i\)-th principal component is the \(i\)-th largest eigenvector of \(S\).
12.1.2. properties of non-negative definite symmetric real matrix¶
is of that kind.
12.1.3. Minimum-error formulation¶
a complete orthonormal basis vectors \(u_{i}\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\):
\(x_{k}\) coordinate with respect to \(u_{i}\) is \(x_{k}^{T}u_{i}\), so:
\(x_{k}\) can be approximated by the \(m\)-dimensional subspace representation plus a constant:
where \(z_{ki}\) depend on the particular data point, whereas \({b_{i}}\) are constants that are the same for all data points.
our goal is to minimize:
setting the derivative with respect to \(z_{ni}\) to zero, and making use of the orthonormality conditions, we obtain:
similarly, we obtain:
substitude for \(z_{ni}\) and \(b_{i}\), we obtain:
finally our goal is to minimize:
this is similar to the maximum variance formulation in the opposite direction.
12.1.4. manual data¶
"""construct dataset"""
import numpy as np
m = 100
w1, w2 = 0.1, 0.3
noise = 0.2
X = np.empty((m, 3))
X[:, :2] = np.random.multivariate_normal([0, 0], [[2, 1], [1, 5]], m)
X[:, 2] = X[:, 0] * w1 + X[:, 1] * w2 + noise * np.random.randn(m)
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
pca = PCA(n_components=2)
X2D = pca.fit_transform(X)
X2D[: 5]
array([[-0.40565221, -1.69570572],
[-1.65068551, 0.30621659],
[-0.4562352 , 0.33505227],
[ 1.23654634, -1.16955408],
[-2.39337295, 0.04917042]])
"""sklearn actually uses SVD"""
X_centered = X - X.mean(axis=0)
U, s, Vt = np.linalg.svd(X_centered)
X2D_SVD = X_centered.dot(Vt.T[:, :2])
X2D_SVD[: 5]
array([[ 0.40565221, 1.69570572],
[ 1.65068551, -0.30621659],
[ 0.4562352 , -0.33505227],
[-1.23654634, 1.16955408],
[ 2.39337295, -0.04917042]])
12.1.5. mnist data¶
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_openml
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
mnist = fetch_openml('mnist_784', version=1, as_frame=False)
mnist.target = mnist.target.astype(np.uint8)
X = mnist["data"]
y = mnist["target"]
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y)
"""
set n_components (0.0, 1.0), indicating the ratio of variance you wish to preserve
use inverse_transform trying to inverse
"""
pca = PCA(n_components=0.95)
X_reduced = pca.fit_transform(X_train)
X_mnist = pca.inverse_transform(X_reduced)
pca.explained_variance_ratio_[: 10]
array([0.09756334, 0.07156108, 0.06168814, 0.05388291, 0.04877275,
0.04311341, 0.03261168, 0.0289652 , 0.02763173, 0.02347036])
"""IncrementalPCA"""
from sklearn.decomposition import IncrementalPCA
n_batches = 100
inc_pca = IncrementalPCA(n_components=154)
for X_batch in np.array_split(X_train, n_batches):
print(".", end="")
inc_pca.partial_fit(X_batch)
X_reduced = inc_pca.transform(X_train)
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
12.1.6. swiss roll¶
from sklearn.datasets import make_swiss_roll
X, t = make_swiss_roll(n_samples=1000, noise=0.2, random_state=42)
"""kernel pca"""
from sklearn.decomposition import KernelPCA
rbf_pca = KernelPCA(n_components=2, kernel="rbf", gamma=0.04)
X_reduced = rbf_pca.fit_transform(X)
12.2. Locally Linear Embedding(LLE)¶
LLE works by first measuring how each training instance linearly relates to it’s colsest neighbors (c.n)
then looking for a low-dimensional representation of the training set where these local relationships are best preserved.
LLE step one: linearly modeling local relationships:
LLE second step doing the reverse: keeping the weights fixed and finding the optimal position of the instances’ image in low-dimensional space, suppose \(x^{(i)}\)’s low-dimensional image is \(z^{(i)}\).
from sklearn.manifold import LocallyLinearEmbedding
lle = LocallyLinearEmbedding(n_components=2, n_neighbors=10)
X_reduced = lle.fit_transform(X)
12.3. Exercise¶
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.base import clone
rnd_clf = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=1000, max_depth=4, n_jobs=-1, random_state=42)
low_clf = clone(rnd_clf)
from datetime import datetime
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
pre_time = datetime.now()
rnd_clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
print((datetime.now() - pre_time).seconds)
accuracy_score(y_test, rnd_clf.predict(X_test))
19
0.8194285714285714
pca = PCA(n_components=0.95)
X_train_reduced = pca.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test_reduced = pca.transform(X_test)
pre_time = datetime.now()
low_clf.fit(X_train_reduced, y_train)
print((datetime.now() - pre_time).seconds)
accuracy_score(y_test, low_clf.predict(X_test_reduced))
20
0.8050857142857143
np.random.seed(42)
m = 10000
idx = np.random.permutation(60000)[:m]
X = mnist['data'][idx]
y = mnist['target'][idx]
from sklearn.manifold import TSNE
tsne = TSNE(n_components=2, random_state=42)
X_reduced = tsne.fit_transform(X)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.figure(figsize=(13,10))
plt.scatter(X_reduced[:, 0], X_reduced[:, 1], c=y, cmap="jet")
plt.axis('off')
plt.colorbar()
plt.show()


Trump offers Mexican president U.S. help in finding killers of Americans
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Donald Trump, in a phone call on Tuesday with Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, offered U.S. assistance to help Mexico bring to justice those who killed nine Americans, the White House said in a statement.
“President Trump made clear that the United States condemns these senseless acts of violence that took the lives of nine American citizens and offered Mexico assistance to ensure the perpetrators face justice,” the statement said.


Copyright 2016 - 2017 RaceUp Team Unipd
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
| const double BmsDeviceReader::BETA_THERMISTOR = 3435.0 |
|
static |
Thermistor data
Copyright 2016 - 2017 RaceUp Team Unipd
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.


| |
||
| Home News Documentation License Download Source Code NUnit NMock SourceForge |
NUnitForms is an NUnit extension for unit and acceptance testing of Windows Forms applications. Now it is easy to write automated tests for your Windows Forms classes. Your NUnit tests can open a window and interact with the controls. Your tests will automatically manipulate and verify the properties of the gui. NUnitForms takes care of cleaning up your forms between tests, detecting and handling modal dialog boxes, and verifying that your expectations for the test are fulfilled. To get started, look through the unit tests provided with the source code and see the Documentation page for some usage examples. Unit testing is defined as testing the code behind of the form and is usually accomplished by mocking out classes that the GUI depends upon. Acceptance testing (sometimes we call this Story Testing) means testing the application through the GUI all the way to the back end. NUnitForms supports both; look at the example application. Support is currently provided for Buttons, CheckBoxes, ComboBoxes, Labels, ListBoxes, RadioButtons, TabControls, TextBoxes, TreeViews, Context Menus, Forms, MenuItems, Modal Forms, Modal MessageBoxes, and the Mouse. If your control is not specifically supported, you can still test it using the "ControlTester" class. It has helpful methods and properties that use reflection to work on any control. You may need to cast some results to the type you expect. It is easy to add support for additional controls so there should be more coming soon. NUnitForms also provides a Recorder application that can record your interactions with a form and "write" a test for you that duplicates your actions. You can perform asserts during this process by right-clicking on your controls and selecting the property to assert. While not all of the testing functionality is currently supported by the recorder, it does provide a good way to familiarize yourself with the API and to demonstrate how testing is accomplished with NUnitForms. The recorder application is provided in separate assemblies and using it is optional. Take a look at the Documentation page for more examples. The News page also has example snippets for recently added features. I recommend that you download the latest from CVS because new features are being added all the time. I use a strict process of unit testing that should ensure no broken code in CVS. Have fun! -Luke Maxon |
|
| Copyright © 2003-2004 Luke T. Maxon. All Rights Reserved. |


Socialism is a bad word in America. Politicians use the term ‘socialist’ as an insult because it represents something foreign, scary, and un-American. What most people don’t realize is that America is, in fact, already Socialist. Many things that make this country what it is—Social Security, Public Schools, Highways—are all, by definition, Socialist entities. The goal of Socialism is… is to shift the the way we think about Socialism. Socialism isn’t something to be afraid of, it’s something that we already experience and appreciate.


Images
First Image
Second Image
Subtracted Image
Subtracted Image Histogram used for thresholding
Image Rotated 120 degrees in 15 degree increments
Image Rotated 120 degrees


Explore
| Reddit Id | Created Date | Subreddit | Title | Score | Upvote Ratio | Number of Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ submission.reddit_id }} | {{ submission.created_utc }} | {{ submission.subreddit_name }} | {{ submission.title }} | {{ submission.score }} | {{ submission.upvote_ratio }} | {{ submission.comment_number }} |


Welcome to my Blog
Mar 13, 2016
Hello there,
The purpose of this silly blog will be to simply show my resume/portfolio and my thoughts regarding the software engineering, computer science and some machine learning/data science subjects.
This is basically another silly random developer blog.
Gnoirzox


The gist of this exercise is to check the dependencies by executing these commands. If all result in some version number, you are ready for this workshop. Otherwise, jump to the first section below:
C:\> python --version
C:\> pip --version
C:\> virtualenv --version
C:\> git --version
C:\> python --version
'python' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.
https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/
My Computer
> Properties
> Advanced System Settings
> Environment Variables
> System Variables
> Path
or PYTHONPATH
(whichever will work). Click edit. Add this at the end of the line:;C:\Python27;C:\Python27\Scripts
C:\> python --version
Python 2.7.x
C:\> pip --version
'pip' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.
C:\> python get-pip.py
C:\> pip --version
pip 1.5.x
C:\> pip install virtualenv
C:\> virtualenv --version
virtualenv 1.x.x
As a developer, there's no excuse not to use Git. But if you don't have it in your machine, you don't have to worry about it. It's not really part of Django.
Download installer here: http://git-scm.com/download/win


Julia is available for Windows 7 and later, both 32 bit and 64 bit.
Windows 7/Windows Server 2012 users will also need to install:
The Windows README contains information on dependencies.
Uninstallation is performed by deleting the extracted directory and the packages directory in %HOME%/.julia
. If you would also like to remove your preferences files, remove %HOME%/.juliarc.jl
and %HOME%/.julia_history
.
On Mac, a Julia-<version>.dmg
file is provided, which contains Julia.app. Installation is the same as any other Mac software – copy the Julia-<version>.app
to your hard-drive (anywhere) or run from the disk image. Julia runs on macOS 10.8 and later releases.
Uninstall Julia by deleting Julia.app and the packages directory in ~/.julia. Multiple Julia.app binaries can co-exist without interfering with each other. If you would also like to remove your preferences files, remove ~/.juliarc.jl
.
An alternative to installing Julia from the downloaded .dmg is by using the Homebrew package manager. In your terminal, run
brew cask install julia
It is strongly recommended that the official generic binaries from the downloads page be used to install Julia on Linux and FreeBSD.
The generic Linux and FreeBSD binaries do not require any special installation steps, but you will need to ensure that your system can find the julia
executable. First, extract the .tar.gz
file downloaded from the downloads page to a folder on your computer. To run Julia, you can do any of the following:
julia
inside a folder which is on your system PATH
bin
folder to your system PATH
environment variablejulia
executable by using its full path, as in <where you extracted Julia>/bin/julia
For example, to create a symbolic link to julia
inside the /usr/local/bin
folder, you can do the following:
sudo ln -s <where you extracted the julia archive>/bin/julia /usr/local/bin/julia
On some Linux distributions, you may need to use a folder other than /usr/local/bin
. To check which folders are on your PATH
, you can run echo $PATH
.
The following distribution-specific packages are community contributed. They may not use the right versions of Julia dependencies or include important patches that the official binaries ship with. In general, bug reports will only be accepted if they are reproducible on the official generic binaries on the downloads page.
Instructions will be added here as more linux distributions start including julia. If your Linux distribution is not listed here, you should still be able to run julia by building from source. See the Julia README for more detailed information.
A Copr repository is provided for Fedora, RHEL, CentOS, Scientific Linux and Oracle Enterprise Linux systems to allow for automatic updating to the latest stable version of Julia.
If you are using RHEL, CentOS, Scientific Linux or Oracle Enterprise Linux (version 5 or higher), first enable EPEL for your distribution version. Then follow the steps below.
If you are using Fedora (version 19 or higher), directly run:
sudo dnf copr enable nalimilan/julia
sudo yum install julia
If you are using CentOS (version 7 or higher), directly run:
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/nalimilan/julia/repo/epel-7/nalimilan-julia-epel-7.repo
sudo yum install julia
If both dnf
and yum-config-manager
are not available for your distribution, download the relevant .repo
file from the Copr webpage, copy it to /etc/yum.repos
, and run the second command.
Note that Fedora guidelines advise against uploading new breaking releases to official repositories: therefore your distribution will not provide the new major versions of Julia which were published after it. When reporting issues, please ensure you are using the latest available release by using one of the Copr repositories displayed on this page.
A Copr repository is provided for Fedora, RHEL, CentOS, Scientific Linux and Oracle Enterprise Linux systems to allow for automatic updating to the latest development version of Julia.
If you are using RHEL, CentOS, Scientific Linux or Oracle Enterprise Linux (version 5 or higher), first enable EPEL for your distribution version. Then follow the steps below.
If you are using Fedora (version 19 or higher), directly run:
sudo dnf copr enable nalimilan/julia-nightlies
sudo yum install julia
If dnf
is not available for your distribution, download the relevant .repo
file from the Copr webpage, copy it to /etc/yum.repos
, and run the second command.
New versions are built every night. If you have already installed julia and you want to upgrade to the latest version, do:
sudo yum upgrade julia
Julia is available in the Ports Collection.
To install from the FreeBSD binary package manager, pkg
, run
pkg install julia
To build and install Julia from source within the Ports framework, run
cd /usr/ports/lang/julia
make clean
make install
Uninstallation depends on the method you used to install Julia. If you installed from a package manager such as apt-get
or yum
, use the package manager to remove julia, for example apt-get remove julia
or yum remove julia
. If you did a source build, you can remove it by deleting your julia source folder. If you would also like to remove your preferences files, they are ~/.julia
and ~/.juliarc.jl
.


Call Abort


| %line | %branch | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| org.apache.commons.validator.Validator |
|
|
| 1 | /* |
|
| 2 | * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more |
|
| 3 | * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with |
|
| 4 | * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. |
|
| 5 | * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 |
|
| 6 | * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with |
|
| 7 | * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at |
|
| 8 | * |
|
| 9 | * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 |
|
| 10 | * |
|
| 11 | * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software |
|
| 12 | * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, |
|
| 13 | * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. |
|
| 14 | * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and |
|
| 15 | * limitations under the License. |
|
| 16 | */ |
|
| 17 | package org.apache.commons.validator; |
|
| 18 | ||
| 19 | import java.io.Serializable; |
|
| 20 | import java.util.HashMap; |
|
| 21 | import java.util.Locale; |
|
| 22 | import java.util.Map; |
|
| 23 | ||
| 24 | /** |
|
| 25 | * Validations are processed by the validate method. An instance of |
|
| 26 | * ValidatorResources is used to define the validators |
|
| 27 | * (validation methods) and the validation rules for a JavaBean. |
|
| 28 | * |
|
| 29 | * @version $Revision: 478345 $ $Date: 2006-11-22 22:25:19 +0000 (Wed, 22 Nov 2006) $ |
|
| 30 | */ |
|
| 31 | public class Validator implements Serializable { |
|
| 32 | ||
| 33 | /** |
|
| 34 | * Resources key the JavaBean is stored to perform validation on. |
|
| 35 | */ |
|
| 36 | public static final String BEAN_PARAM = "java.lang.Object"; |
|
| 37 | ||
| 38 | /** |
|
| 39 | * Resources key the ValidatorAction is stored under. |
|
| 40 | * This will be automatically passed into a validation method |
|
| 41 | * with the current ValidatorAction if it is |
|
| 42 | * specified in the method signature. |
|
| 43 | */ |
|
| 44 | public static final String VALIDATOR_ACTION_PARAM = |
|
| 45 | "org.apache.commons.validator.ValidatorAction"; |
|
| 46 | ||
| 47 | /** |
|
| 48 | * Resources key the ValidatorResults is stored under. |
|
| 49 | * This will be automatically passed into a validation method |
|
| 50 | * with the current ValidatorResults if it is |
|
| 51 | * specified in the method signature. |
|
| 52 | */ |
|
| 53 | public static final String VALIDATOR_RESULTS_PARAM = |
|
| 54 | "org.apache.commons.validator.ValidatorResults"; |
|
| 55 | ||
| 56 | /** |
|
| 57 | * Resources key the Form is stored under. |
|
| 58 | * This will be automatically passed into a validation method |
|
| 59 | * with the current Form if it is |
|
| 60 | * specified in the method signature. |
|
| 61 | */ |
|
| 62 | public static final String FORM_PARAM = "org.apache.commons.validator.Form"; |
|
| 63 | ||
| 64 | /** |
|
| 65 | * Resources key the Field is stored under. |
|
| 66 | * This will be automatically passed into a validation method |
|
| 67 | * with the current Field if it is |
|
| 68 | * specified in the method signature. |
|
| 69 | */ |
|
| 70 | public static final String FIELD_PARAM = "org.apache.commons.validator.Field"; |
|
| 71 | ||
| 72 | /** |
|
| 73 | * Resources key the Validator is stored under. |
|
| 74 | * This will be automatically passed into a validation method |
|
| 75 | * with the current Validator if it is |
|
| 76 | * specified in the method signature. |
|
| 77 | */ |
|
| 78 | public static final String VALIDATOR_PARAM = |
|
| 79 | "org.apache.commons.validator.Validator"; |
|
| 80 | ||
| 81 | /** |
|
| 82 | * Resources key the Locale is stored. |
|
| 83 | * This will be used to retrieve the appropriate |
|
| 84 | * FormSet and Form to be |
|
| 85 | * processed. |
|
| 86 | */ |
|
| 87 | public static final String LOCALE_PARAM = "java.util.Locale"; |
|
| 88 | ||
| 89 | /** |
|
| 90 | * The Validator Resources. |
|
| 91 | */ |
|
| 92 | 111 | protected ValidatorResources resources = null; |
| 93 | ||
| 94 | /** |
|
| 95 | * The name of the form to validate |
|
| 96 | */ |
|
| 97 | 111 | protected String formName = null; |
| 98 | ||
| 99 | /** |
|
| 100 | * The name of the field on the form to validate |
|
| 101 | * @since 1.2.0 |
|
| 102 | */ |
|
| 103 | 111 | protected String fieldName = null; |
| 104 | ||
| 105 | /** |
|
| 106 | * Maps validation method parameter class names to the objects to be passed |
|
| 107 | * into the method. |
|
| 108 | */ |
|
| 109 | 111 | protected Map parameters = new HashMap(); |
| 110 | ||
| 111 | /** |
|
| 112 | * The current page number to validate. |
|
| 113 | */ |
|
| 114 | 111 | protected int page = 0; |
| 115 | ||
| 116 | /** |
|
| 117 | * The class loader to use for instantiating application objects. |
|
| 118 | * If not specified, the context class loader, or the class loader |
|
| 119 | * used to load Digester itself, is used, based on the value of the |
|
| 120 | * useContextClassLoader variable. |
|
| 121 | */ |
|
| 122 | 111 | protected ClassLoader classLoader = null; |
| 123 | ||
| 124 | /** |
|
| 125 | * Whether or not to use the Context ClassLoader when loading classes |
|
| 126 | * for instantiating new objects. Default is false. |
|
| 127 | */ |
|
| 128 | 111 | protected boolean useContextClassLoader = false; |
| 129 | ||
| 130 | /** |
|
| 131 | * Set this to true to not return Fields that pass validation. Only return failures. |
|
| 132 | */ |
|
| 133 | 111 | protected boolean onlyReturnErrors = false; |
| 134 | ||
| 135 | /** |
|
| 136 | * Construct a Validator that will |
|
| 137 | * use the ValidatorResources |
|
| 138 | * passed in to retrieve pluggable validators |
|
| 139 | * the different sets of validation rules. |
|
| 140 | * |
|
| 141 | * @param resources ValidatorResources to use during validation. |
|
| 142 | */ |
|
| 143 | public Validator(ValidatorResources resources) { |
|
| 144 | 0 | this(resources, null); |
| 145 | 0 | } |
| 146 | ||
| 147 | /** |
|
| 148 | * Construct a Validator that will |
|
| 149 | * use the ValidatorResources |
|
| 150 | * passed in to retrieve pluggable validators |
|
| 151 | * the different sets of validation rules. |
|
| 152 | * |
|
| 153 | * @param resources ValidatorResources to use during validation. |
|
| 154 | * @param formName Key used for retrieving the set of validation rules. |
|
| 155 | */ |
|
| 156 | 110 | public Validator(ValidatorResources resources, String formName) { |
| 157 | 110 | if (resources == null) { |
| 158 | 0 | throw new IllegalArgumentException("Resources cannot be null."); |
| 159 | } |
|
| 160 | ||
| 161 | 110 | this.resources = resources; |
| 162 | 110 | this.formName = formName; |
| 163 | 110 | } |
| 164 | ||
| 165 | /** |
|
| 166 | * Construct a Validator that will |
|
| 167 | * use the ValidatorResources |
|
| 168 | * passed in to retrieve pluggable validators |
|
| 169 | * the different sets of validation rules. |
|
| 170 | * |
|
| 171 | * @param resources ValidatorResources to use during validation. |
|
| 172 | * @param formName Key used for retrieving the set of validation rules. |
|
| 173 | * @param fieldName Key used for retrieving the set of validation rules for a field |
|
| 174 | * @since 1.2.0 |
|
| 175 | */ |
|
| 176 | 1 | public Validator(ValidatorResources resources, String formName, String fieldName) { |
| 177 | 1 | if (resources == null) { |
| 178 | 0 | throw new IllegalArgumentException("Resources cannot be null."); |
| 179 | } |
|
| 180 | ||
| 181 | 1 | this.resources = resources; |
| 182 | 1 | this.formName = formName; |
| 183 | 1 | this.fieldName = fieldName; |
| 184 | 1 | } |
| 185 | ||
| 186 | /** |
|
| 187 | * Set a parameter of a pluggable validation method. |
|
| 188 | * |
|
| 189 | * @param parameterClassName The full class name of the parameter of the |
|
| 190 | * validation method that corresponds to the value/instance passed in with it. |
|
| 191 | * |
|
| 192 | * @param parameterValue The instance that will be passed into the |
|
| 193 | * validation method. |
|
| 194 | */ |
|
| 195 | public void setParameter(String parameterClassName, Object parameterValue) { |
|
| 196 | 350 | this.parameters.put(parameterClassName, parameterValue); |
| 197 | 350 | } |
| 198 | ||
| 199 | /** |
|
| 200 | * Returns the value of the specified parameter that will be used during the |
|
| 201 | * processing of validations. |
|
| 202 | * |
|
| 203 | * @param parameterClassName The full class name of the parameter of the |
|
| 204 | * validation method that corresponds to the value/instance passed in with it. |
|
| 205 | * @return value of the specified parameter. |
|
| 206 | */ |
|
| 207 | public Object getParameterValue(String parameterClassName) { |
|
| 208 | 131 | return this.parameters.get(parameterClassName); |
| 209 | } |
|
| 210 | ||
| 211 | /** |
|
| 212 | * Gets the form name which is the key to a set of validation rules. |
|
| 213 | * @return the name of the form. |
|
| 214 | */ |
|
| 215 | public String getFormName() { |
|
| 216 | 0 | return formName; |
| 217 | } |
|
| 218 | ||
| 219 | /** |
|
| 220 | * Sets the form name which is the key to a set of validation rules. |
|
| 221 | * @param formName the name of the form. |
|
| 222 | */ |
|
| 223 | public void setFormName(String formName) { |
|
| 224 | 0 | this.formName = formName; |
| 225 | 0 | } |
| 226 | ||
| 227 | /** |
|
| 228 | * Sets the name of the field to validate in a form (optional) |
|
| 229 | * |
|
| 230 | * @param fieldName The name of the field in a form set |
|
| 231 | * @since 1.2.0 |
|
| 232 | */ |
|
| 233 | public void setFieldName(String fieldName) { |
|
| 234 | 0 | this.fieldName = fieldName; |
| 235 | 0 | } |
| 236 | ||
| 237 | /** |
|
| 238 | * Gets the page. This in conjunction with the page property of |
|
| 239 | * a Field can control the processing of fields. If the field's |
|
| 240 | * page is less than or equal to this page value, it will be processed. |
|
| 241 | * @return the page number. |
|
| 242 | */ |
|
| 243 | public int getPage() { |
|
| 244 | 0 | return page; |
| 245 | } |
|
| 246 | ||
| 247 | /** |
|
| 248 | * Sets the page. This in conjunction with the page property of |
|
| 249 | * a Field can control the processing of fields. If the field's page |
|
| 250 | * is less than or equal to this page value, it will be processed. |
|
| 251 | * @param page the page number. |
|
| 252 | */ |
|
| 253 | public void setPage(int page) { |
|
| 254 | 0 | this.page = page; |
| 255 | 0 | } |
| 256 | ||
| 257 | /** |
|
| 258 | * Clears the form name, resources that were added, and the page that was |
|
| 259 | * set (if any). This can be called to reinitialize the Validator instance |
|
| 260 | * so it can be reused. The form name (key to set of validation rules) and any |
|
| 261 | * resources needed, like the JavaBean being validated, will need to |
|
| 262 | * set and/or added to this instance again. The |
|
| 263 | * ValidatorResources will not be removed since it can be used |
|
| 264 | * again and is thread safe. |
|
| 265 | */ |
|
| 266 | public void clear() { |
|
| 267 | 0 | this.formName = null; |
| 268 | 0 | this.fieldName = null; |
| 269 | 0 | this.parameters = new HashMap(); |
| 270 | 0 | this.page = 0; |
| 271 | 0 | } |
| 272 | ||
| 273 | /** |
|
| 274 | * Return the boolean as to whether the context classloader should be used. |
|
| 275 | * @return whether the context classloader should be used. |
|
| 276 | */ |
|
| 277 | public boolean getUseContextClassLoader() { |
|
| 278 | 0 | return this.useContextClassLoader; |
| 279 | } |
|
| 280 | ||
| 281 | /** |
|
| 282 | * Determine whether to use the Context ClassLoader (the one found by |
|
| 283 | * calling Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()) |
|
| 284 | * to resolve/load classes that are defined in various rules. If not |
|
| 285 | * using Context ClassLoader, then the class-loading defaults to |
|
| 286 | * using the calling-class' ClassLoader. |
|
| 287 | * |
|
| 288 | * @param use determines whether to use Context ClassLoader. |
|
| 289 | */ |
|
| 290 | public void setUseContextClassLoader(boolean use) { |
|
| 291 | 0 | this.useContextClassLoader = use; |
| 292 | 0 | } |
| 293 | ||
| 294 | /** |
|
| 295 | * Return the class loader to be used for instantiating application objects |
|
| 296 | * when required. This is determined based upon the following rules: |
|
| 297 | *
 |
|
| 298 | *
The class loader set by setClassLoader(), if any
 |
|
| 299 | *
The thread context class loader, if it exists and the |
|
| 300 | * useContextClassLoader property is set to true
 |
|
| 301 | *
The class loader used to load the Digester class itself. |
|
| 302 | *
 |
|
| 303 | * @return the class loader. |
|
| 304 | */ |
|
| 305 | public ClassLoader getClassLoader() { |
|
| 306 | 113 | if (this.classLoader != null) { |
| 307 | 0 | return this.classLoader; |
| 308 | } |
|
| 309 | ||
| 310 | 113 | if (this.useContextClassLoader) { |
| 311 | 0 | ClassLoader contextLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); |
| 312 | 0 | if (contextLoader != null) { |
| 313 | 0 | return contextLoader; |
| 314 | } |
|
| 315 | } |
|
| 316 | ||
| 317 | 113 | return this.getClass().getClassLoader(); |
| 318 | } |
|
| 319 | ||
| 320 | /** |
|
| 321 | * Set the class loader to be used for instantiating application objects |
|
| 322 | * when required. |
|
| 323 | * |
|
| 324 | * @param classLoader The new class loader to use, or null |
|
| 325 | * to revert to the standard rules |
|
| 326 | */ |
|
| 327 | public void setClassLoader(ClassLoader classLoader) { |
|
| 328 | 0 | this.classLoader = classLoader; |
| 329 | 0 | } |
| 330 | ||
| 331 | /** |
|
| 332 | * Performs validations based on the configured resources. |
|
| 333 | * |
|
| 334 | * @return The Map returned uses the property of the |
|
| 335 | * Field for the key and the value is the number of error the |
|
| 336 | * field had. |
|
| 337 | * @throws ValidatorException If an error occurs during validation |
|
| 338 | */ |
|
| 339 | public ValidatorResults validate() throws ValidatorException { |
|
| 340 | 114 | Locale locale = (Locale) this.getParameterValue(LOCALE_PARAM); |
| 341 | ||
| 342 | 114 | if (locale == null) { |
| 343 | 104 | locale = Locale.getDefault(); |
| 344 | } |
|
| 345 | ||
| 346 | 114 | this.setParameter(VALIDATOR_PARAM, class="keyword">this); |
| 347 | ||
| 348 | 114 | Form form = this.resources.getForm(locale, class="keyword">this.formName); |
| 349 | 114 | if (form != null) { |
| 350 | 114 | this.setParameter(FORM_PARAM, form); |
| 351 | 114 | return form.validate( |
| 352 | this.parameters, |
|
| 353 | this.resources.getValidatorActions(), |
|
| 354 | this.page, |
|
| 355 | this.fieldName); |
|
| 356 | } |
|
| 357 | ||
| 358 | 0 | return new ValidatorResults(); |
| 359 | } |
|
| 360 | ||
| 361 | /** |
|
| 362 | * Returns true if the Validator is only returning Fields that fail validation. |
|
| 363 | * @return whether only failed fields are returned. |
|
| 364 | */ |
|
| 365 | public boolean getOnlyReturnErrors() { |
|
| 366 | 91 | return onlyReturnErrors; |
| 367 | } |
|
| 368 | ||
| 369 | /** |
|
| 370 | * Configures which Fields the Validator returns from the validate() method. Set this |
|
| 371 | * to true to only return Fields that failed validation. By default, validate() returns |
|
| 372 | * all fields. |
|
| 373 | * @param onlyReturnErrors whether only failed fields are returned. |
|
| 374 | */ |
|
| 375 | public void setOnlyReturnErrors(boolean onlyReturnErrors) { |
|
| 376 | 1 | this.onlyReturnErrors = onlyReturnErrors; |
| 377 | 1 | } |
| 378 | ||
| 379 | } |
| This report is generated by jcoverage, Maven and Maven JCoverage Plugin. |


Fork-This Inc. is a company offers customize POS systems for small retail businesses. Our POS systems provides business solutions such as inventory count, re-order, generate daily reports and transactions that help business owners make better decisions and so much more.
Our goal is not only to design an excellent product but also provides an unbeatable service. We have a team of specialist that set up the POS system for you and train your employees how to use it. Also, we offer life time online support. Please refer below to check out 3 dimenstions of our amazing Fork-This POS system.
This app has a good balance of ease-of-use vs functionality. The simple interface allows your business to ring up sales quickly. It starts small but can growth with your needs just by calling our specialists to set it up for you instead of purchasing another POS system which is costly and time-consuming to train employees.
Benefits: 1.Get an immediate, up-to-the-minute, accurate assessment of inventory. 2. Send an alert when reaching the re-order point. 3. Run a report of inventory activity for a specific period. 4. Generate purchase orders to send to vendors
Features: 1. Have an option of email receipts. 2. Track purchase orders. 3. Scanning the barcodes will display all the information of an product which allows you answer customers' queries. 4. Notify customers about on sales and new arrivals based on customer preferences. 5. Ship products to customers who are in the waitlist when backorders are available.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% import "macros/generic.html" as macros %} {% import "macros/filterlist.html" as filterlist %} {% import "macros/indicators.html" as indicators %} {% import "macros/malware.html" as malware %} {% import "macros/actors.html" as actors %} {% import "macros/ttps.html" as ttps %} {% import "macros/observables.html" as observables %} {% block title %} {{obj.name}} {% endblock %} {% block main %} {% set entity = obj %}
| {{value}} | {{macros.display_yeti(entity, key)}} |
|---|


Title does not have to be unique. But limited to 100 characters
Description is not necessary but is recommended to document the simulation.
Time limit is in seconds.
Integration time step is extremely important as it affects the numerical stability
of the simulation. Choose a value as small as possible. Very small values however can
slow down the simulation. For typical power electronic circuits with converters
switching at 5 kHz, 1 microsecond will do. For high frequency converters, reduce
this to nanoseconds.
Data storage time step is how often you want to store data to the output file.
This affects the resolution of the plotted waveforms. The number has to be greater
than or equal to the integration time step.
Output data file is the name of the output file to which all waveform data
will be written. Suggested types are .dat or .txt files.
Whether to slice the output file is up to you. This is particularly useful
when you also want to plot the waveforms independently using a plotting software
such as Gnuplot. When output files are sliced, you can plot segments of waveforms
without excessive burden if the simulation data is huge.
If you do decide the slice the output file, the number of slices should be
greater than 1.
The directory with the circuit files will be the working directory of the
simulation case. Always maintain simulation cases in separate directories as this
avoids corruption of data and allows simulations to be executed independently. To
enter this value, choose a file (a circuit file or just copy some file into the
directory you choose) and right click on the file. Most operating systems, will
give you a list of options on right-clicking a file and one of the options is
"Properties". If you click "Properties", the path, location or directory will be
listed. Copy this path to the field above. NOTE: Make sure the directory can be
written to by the user. Do not choose a root or administrator directory for
safety reasons as the simulator will read and write data to this directory.
After saving the parameters, they will be listed for you. Check them and
click on "Back to main page" to continue.


Our Wedding Ceremony will be held at:
Grand Chapel of Toronto, Canada
Holy Spirit Street, 3-5 A
Glass Boulevard, Water Village
Our Wedding Garden Party will be held at:
Flower Palace Toronto, Canada
Legendary Street, 14 B
Southern Sea, Ocean Hill
The Dresscode Will Be :
Simple Minimal Formal Attire
No Complicated Sequence,
Plain Sophisticated look
While you’re attending our party we will also provide your accommodation. The Confidante is famous for its service and quality, for attending our celebration you will be equipped with 2 nights’ stay in The Confidante with a Large 2-bed hotel room.
The Confidante also provides you each 1 breakfast/day, just don’t forget to mention our name “Steve & Sharon Wedding” when you are reserving for a room.
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|
Standard Reference Data Program |
Data Gateway |
Chemistry WebBook |
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Go To: Top, Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes / Error Report
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - E.P. Hunter and S.G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - J.E. Bartmess
LL - S.G. Lias and J.F. Liebman
LBLHLM - S.G. Lias, J.E. Bartmess, J.F. Liebman, J.L. Holmes, R.D. Levin, and W.G. Mallard
View reactions leading to HP+ (ion structure unspecified)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proton affinity (review) | 670.3 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| Gas basicity | 639.6 | kJ/mol | N/A | Hunter and Lias, 1998 | HL |
| EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.028 ± 0.010 | LPES | Zittel and Lineberger, 1976 | B |
| 1.00 ± 0.060 | PD | Rackwitz, Feldman, et al., 1977 | B |
| >0.50 ± 0.20 | EIAE | Halmann and Platzner, 1969 | From PH3; B |
| <1.1 | IMRB | Ebinghaus, Kraus, et al., 1964 | B |
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10.149 ± 0.008 | PI | Berkowitz and Cho, 1988 | LL |
| 10.2 ± 0.1 | DER | Berkowitz, Curtiss, et al., 1986 | LBLHLM |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 1538. ± 33. | kJ/mol | D-EA | Hotop and Lineberger, 1985 | gas phase; B |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 1515. ± 34. | kJ/mol | H-TS | Hotop and Lineberger, 1985 | gas phase; B |
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes / Error Report
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: K.P. Huber and G. Herzberg
| State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| d 1Π | [8.478] 1 | [4.17E-4] | [1.4273] | d ← a | 62725.28 Z | |||||||
| missing citation | ||||||||||||
| B 3Π0 | [7.3] | [1.54] | B ← X R | 69587.8 Z | ||||||||
| Balfour and Douglas, 1968 | ||||||||||||
| c 1Φ | [8.602] | 0.21 | [5.44E-4] | [1.4170] | c ← a 2 | 61548.68 Z | ||||||
| missing citation | ||||||||||||
| A 3Πi,0+ | 29498 3 | [1833.78] Z | (98.5) 4 | [8.0222] 5 | 6 | [5.683E-4] 7 | [1.46728] | A ↔ X 8 R | 29434.61 9 | |||
| missing citation; missing citation; missing citation; Horani, Rostas, et al., 1967; Rostas, Cossart, et al., 1974 | ||||||||||||
| State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
| A 3Πi,0- | 29498 3 | [1833.39] Z | (98.5) 4 | [8.0222] 5 | 6 | [5.683E-4] 7 | [1.46728] | A ↔ X 8 R | 29434.28 9 | |||
| missing citation; missing citation; missing citation; Horani, Rostas, et al., 1967; Rostas, Cossart, et al., 1974 | ||||||||||||
| A 3Πi,1 | 29498 3 | [1833.74] Z | (98.5) 4 | [8.0222] 5 | 6 | [5.683E-4] 7 | [1.46728] | A ↔ X 8 R | 29316.81 9 | |||
| missing citation; missing citation; missing citation; Horani, Rostas, et al., 1967; Rostas, Cossart, et al., 1974 | ||||||||||||
| A 3Πi,2 | 29498 3 | [1834.38] Z | (98.5) 4 | [8.0222] 5 | 6 | [5.683E-4] 7 | [1.46728] | A ↔ X 8 R | 29203.21 9 | |||
| missing citation; missing citation; missing citation; Horani, Rostas, et al., 1967; Rostas, Cossart, et al., 1974 | ||||||||||||
| b 1Σ+ | (15160) 10 | |||||||||||
| State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
| a 1Δ | (7660) 10 | [8.443] | 0.12 | [4.18E-4] | [1.4302] 11 | |||||||
| Davies, Russell, et al., 1975 | ||||||||||||
| X 3Σ- | 0 | 2365.2 12 | 44.5 12 | 8.5371 13 | 0.2514 | 4.36E-4 | 1.42234 11 | |||||
| Davies, Russell, et al., 1975 |
| 1 | Λ-type doubling |Δv| = 0.1275J(J+l) - 0.54E-4J2(J+1)2. |
| 2 | Sequence of nearly undegraded bands; the origins of the 1-1 and 2-2 bands are at 61554.5 and 61560.7 cm-1, respectively. |
| 3 | A0 = -115.71, A1 = -115.20; see Rostas, Cossart, et al., 1974 who give also centrifugal distortion corrections AD as well as estimated spin-spin and second-order spin-orbit parameters. |
| 4 | Estimated using isotope relations. |
| 5 | For Λ-doubling constants see Rostas, Cossart, et al., 1974. |
| 6 | B1 = 7.5492. No emission has been observed from v=1 of PH, probably owing to weak predissociation by the repulsive 5Σ- state arising from ground state atoms Rostas, Cossart, et al., 1974. |
| 7 | D1 = 6.54E-4, H0 = -1.6E-8. |
| 8 | Lifetime τ= 0.45 μs, corresponding to an absorption oscillator strength of 0.0078 Fink and Welge, 1964. |
| 9 | Subband origins as defined by Rostas, Cossart, et al., 1974. |
| 10 | Theoretical predictions Jordan, 1964, Cade, 1968, Liu, Legentil, et al., 1972, for a 1Δ confirmed by laser photoelectron spectrometry of PH-[see ref. Ishaque and Pearse, 1939 of PH-). |
| 11 | Rotation sp. 15 |
| 12 | Constants deduced from isotope relations Rostas, Cossart, et al., 1974. |
| 13 | Spin splitting constants λ0 = +2.212, γ0 = -0.0738; λ1 = +2.207, γ1 = -0.0726 Rostas, Cossart, et al., 1974. |
| 14 | Adjusted theoretical value recommended by Meyer and Rosmus, 1975; see also Jordan, 1964, Cade and Huo, 1967, Liu, Legentil, et al., 1972. |
| 15 | N=4→5 rotational transitions observed by the laser magnetic resonance method. |
| 16 | From the value for PH. |
| 17 | A0= -115.74, A1= -115.55; see also 3. |
| 18 | B1= 4.0047. |
| 19 | D1= 1.640E-4. |
| 20 | Spin splitting constants λ0= +2.211, γ0= -0.0385; λ1= +2.202, γ1= 0.0381 Rostas, Cossart, et al., 1974. |
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes / Error Report
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Hunter and Lias, 1998
Hunter, E.P.; Lias, S.G.,
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1998, 27, 3, 413-656. [doi:10.1063/1.556018]
[all data]
Zittel and Lineberger, 1976
Zittel, P.F.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Laser photoelectron spectrometry of PO-, PH-, and PH2-,
J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 1236. [all data]
Rackwitz, Feldman, et al., 1977
Rackwitz, R.; Feldman, D.; Kaiser, H.J.; Heincke, E.,
Photodetachment bei einigen zweiatomigen negativen hydridionen: BeH-, MgH-, CaH-, ZnH-, PH-, AsH-,
Z. Naturforsch. A:, 1977, 32, 594. [all data]
Halmann and Platzner, 1969
Halmann, M.; Platzner, I.,
Negative Ions Produced by Electron Capture in Phosphine,
J. Phys. Chem., 1969, 73, 4376. [all data]
Ebinghaus, Kraus, et al., 1964
Ebinghaus, H.; Kraus, K.; Neuert, H.; Muller-Duysing, W.,
Negative Ionen durch Elecktronenresonanzeinfang in PH3, AsH3, und SiH4,
Z. Naturfor., 1964, 19A, 732. [all data]
Berkowitz and Cho, 1988
Berkowitz, J.; Cho, H.,
A photoionization study of PH: PH2 revisited,
J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 90, 1. [all data]
Berkowitz, Curtiss, et al., 1986
Berkowitz, J.; Curtiss, L.; Gibson, S.; Greene, J.; Hillhouse, G.; Pople, J.,
Photoionization mass spectrometric study and Ab initio calculation of ionization and bonding in P-H compounds. Heats of formation, bond energies, and the 3B1-1A1 separation in PH2+,
J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 84, 375. [all data]
Hotop and Lineberger, 1985
Hotop, H.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Binding energies in atomic negative ions. II,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1985, 14, 731. [all data]
Balfour and Douglas, 1968
Balfour, W.J.; Douglas, A.E.,
The absorption spectrum of PH in the vacuum ultraviolet,
Can. J. Phys., 1968, 46, 2277. [all data]
Horani, Rostas, et al., 1967
Horani, M.; Rostas, J.; Lefebvre-Brion, H.,
Find structure of 3Σ- and 3Π states of NH, OH+, PH, and SH+,
Can. J. Phys., 1967, 45, 3319. [all data]
Rostas, Cossart, et al., 1974
Rostas, J.; Cossart, D.; Bastien, J.R.,
Rotational analysis of the PH and PD A3Πi-X3Σ- band systems,
Can. J. Phys., 1974, 52, 1274. [all data]
Davies, Russell, et al., 1975
Davies, P.B.; Russell, D.K.; Thrush, B.A.,
Laser magnetic resonance spectra of the PH radical,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 36, 280. [all data]
Fink and Welge, 1964
Fink, E.; Welge, K.H.,
Lebensdauer der Elektronenzustande N2(C3Πu), N2+(B2Σu+), NH(A3Π), NH(c1Π), PH(3Π),
Z. Naturforsch. A, 1964, 19, 1193. [all data]
Jordan, 1964
Jordan, P.C.,
Lower electronic levels of the radicals PH and PH2,
J. Chem. Phys., 1964, 41, 1442. [all data]
Cade, 1968
Cade, P.E.,
Theoretical prediction of the singlet-triplet intercombination separations for NH, OH+, PH, and SH+,
Can. J. Phys., 1968, 46, 1989. [all data]
Liu, Legentil, et al., 1972
Liu, H.P.D.; Legentil, J.; Verhaegen, G.,
Calculated energy levels of some diatomic hydrides
in Selected Topics in Molecular Physics [Proceedings of the national symposium at Ludwigsburg (Germany)], Clementi; Chemie GmbH, ed(s)., Weinheim, Bergstr., 1972, 19-33. [all data]
Ishaque and Pearse, 1939
Ishaque, M.; Pearse, R.W.B.,
The λ3400 bands of PH and PD,
Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1939, 173, 265. [all data]
Meyer and Rosmus, 1975
Meyer, W.; Rosmus, P.,
PNO-Cl and CEPA studies of electron correlation effects. III. Spectroscopic constants and dipole moment functions for the ground states of the first-row and second-row diatomic hydrides,
J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 2356. [all data]
Cade and Huo, 1967
Cade, P.E.; Huo, W.M.,
Electronic structure of diatomic molecules. VII.A. Hartree-Fock wavefunctions and energy quantities for the ground states of the second-row hydrides, AH,
J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 649. [all data]
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Constants of diatomic molecules, References
| EA | Electron affinity |
| ΔrG° | Free energy of reaction at standard conditions |
| ΔrH° | Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions |
Copyright for NIST Standard Reference Data is governed by the Standard Reference Data Act.
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Standard Reference Data Program |
Data Gateway |
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If you have comments or questions about this site, please contact us.


To store a graph, create a
tf.train.SummaryWriter
and pass the graph either via the constructor, or by calling its
add_graph()
method.
You may want to check out the
graph visualizer tutorial
.
Probable causes:
If you're new to using TensorBoard, and want to find out how to add data and set up your event files, check out the README and perhaps the TensorBoard tutorial .
If you think TensorBoard is configured properly, please see the section of the README devoted to missing data problems and consider filing an issue on GitHub.
| Name | Smoothed | Value | Step | Time | Relative |
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[[item.suffix]]
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[[item.device]]
|
Graph |
(* = expandable) |
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Namespace* |
|
|
OpNode |
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Unconnected series* |
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Connected series* |
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Constant |
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Summary |
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Dataflow edge |
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Control dependency edge |
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Reference edge |


| Image | Name | Breed Name | Age | Adopt me at: |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Ethel & Irene (bonded pair) |
Pongo borneo | 17 & 18 years old respectively | Tanjung Puting, Kalimantan | |
Amille |
Pongo-h my goodness, too cute | 8 months old | Tanjung Puting, Kalimantan | |
George |
Pongo-oahoohahoohahooh | 6 months old | Tanjung Puting, Kalimantan | |
Harry |
Pongo who wasn't borneo yesterday | 29 years old | Tanjung Puting, Kalimantan | |
Ralph |
A good bad guy | 27 years old | Tanjung Puting, Kalimantan | |
Katniss |
Mockingjay Orangutan | 8 years old | Tanjung Puting, Kalimantan |


| MATLAB 文件帮助: cv.SVD/backSubst | 查看 cv.SVD/backSubst 的代码 | Index |
backSubst performs a singular value back substitution
dst = svd.backSubst(src)
(u*w*v')*dst = src
to be solved, where A
has been previously decomposed
into u
, w
, and vt
(stored in class).The method calculates a back substitution for the specified right-hand side.
x = vt^T * diag(w)^-1 * u^T * src
~ A^-1* src
Using this technique you can either get a very accurate solution of the convenient linear system, or the best (in the least-squares terms) pseudo-solution of an overdetermined linear system.
Explicit SVD with the further back substitution only
makes sense if you need to solve many linear systems with the
same left-hand side (for example, src
). If all you need is to
solve a single system (possibly with multiple rhs
immediately
available), simply call solve
add pass 'SVD' there. It does
absolutely the same thing.
| Access | public |
| Sealed | false |
| Static | false |


Operating System
Mac OS X High Sierra (10.13) on an Intel Mac Pro quad core with 48 GB RAM. System and audio drives are both SSD attached via ESATA (super fast with many tracks and plug-ins running).
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Plugins
All plugins included with Pro Tools 12, Altiverb 7, Guitar Rig, 5 Stuart Massey compressor, vt3 eq, L2007 mastering compressor limiter, Soundsoap, Gforce Mtron Pro mellotron, EMI TG 12345 channel strip
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Mic Preamps
Telefunken V672 (two channel), API 3124V, Amek Rupert (Neve) System 9098 (two channel), Focusrite ISA 428 MK II (four channel), Universal Audio 4-710d (four Channel
Compressors
Oram Sonicomp 2 (two channel) 2x Empirical Labs Distressor (single channel with stereo link) DBX 166XL (two channel), 2x DBX 160 X (single channel) Bellari RP282A (two channel) EQ: Drawmer 1961 Vacuum Tube Equaliser
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Marshall 25/50 Jubilee, Marshall JCM 800 from the 80s (cream tolex), Mesa Boogie Dual Rectifier Tremoverb, Mesa Boogie 50 Caliber, Fender Twin Reverb silver face (early 70s), Peavey tweed combo, Grestch 6161 Country Gentleman
Speaker cabinets
Marshall checkerboard slant 4x12, Sound City 4x12, Mesa Boogie Mark 4 4x12, Avatar 1x12 W/ vintage 30
Bass Amps
GK RB800, Peavey Megabass, Mesa Boogie bass 400+
Bass speaker cabinet
Avatar 2x10 (great for recording, basically a 1/4 SVT cab)
Drumkits
Rogers Powertone mid 1960’s maple kit 20x14, 8x12, 16x16, 5x14. Yamaha Recording Custom mid 1980’s kit 16x22, 10x12, 12x14, 16x16, 6x14, Ludwig Amber Vistalite reissue 16x26, 10x14, 16x16, 16x18, 6.5x14
Snares
Pearl free floating maple 8.5x14, Pearl brass piccolo 3x13, Rogers Powertone maple 5x14, Yamaha Recording Custom 6x14, Ludwig Supraphonic 6.5x14, WFL mahogany 6.5x14, DW steel 5x14, Ludwig original clear Vistalite 5x14
Cymbals
A pile of them
Guitars
1982 Gibson Les Paul Custom, Gibson Firebird, Fender Stratocaster, Fender Telecaster, Fender Jazz bass, 1979 Dean Explorer, 1978 Ibanez Iceman (with 1978 Alex Music custom pickups), Danelectro 12 string, Acoustic six string Lawsuit era Aspen Gibson Hummingbird copy, Acoustic 12 string
Keyboards
M-Audio Key Station (88 key semi weighted), Fender Rhodes Eighty-Eight


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I am a young design student and freelance graphic designer/illustrator from Lodz, Poland who tries his best to afford living right now.


NOVEMBER 11 2017
My money's in that office, right?   She gonna tell me too.

You think water moves fast? You should see ice. It moves like it has a mind. Like it knows it killed the world once and got a taste for murder. After the avalanche, it took us a week to climb out. Now, I don't know exactly when we turned on each other, but I know that seven of us survived the slide... and only five made it out. Now we took an oath, that I'm breaking now. We said we'd say it was the snow that killed the other two, but it wasn't. Nature is lethal but it doesn't hold a candle to man.
NOVEMBER 27 2017
Your bones don't break, mine do. That's clear. Your cells react to bacteria and viruses differently than mine. You don't get sick, I do. That's also clear. But for some reason, you and I react the exact same way to water. We swallow it too fast, we choke. We get some in our lungs, we drown. However unreal it may seem, we are connected, you and I. We're on the same curve, just on opposite ends.
 But I can't give you this case, it don't belong to me.
Well, the way they make shows is, they make one show. That show's called a pilot. Then they show that show to the people who make shows, and on the strength of that one show they decide if they're going to make more shows. Some pilots get picked and become television programs. Some don't, become nothing. She starred in one of the ones that became nothing.


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|
| | Z () |
| | Default value 0. More...
|
| |
| | Z (bool x) |
| | Initialize from 0,1. More...
|
| |
| | Z (int x) |
| | Initialize from int. More...
|
| |
| | Z (int64_t x) |
| | Initialize from 64bit int. More...
|
| |
| | operator char () const |
| |
| | operator short () const |
| |
| | operator int () const |
| |
| | operator int64_t () const |
| |
| | operator unsigned char () const |
| |
| | operator unsigned short () const |
| |
| | operator unsigned int () const |
| |
| | operator uint64_t () const |
| |
| Z< N, T > | operator+ (Z< N, T > b) const |
| |
| Z< N, T > | operator- (Z< N, T > b) const |
| |
| Z< N, T > & | operator+= (Z< N, T > b) |
| |
| Z< N, T > & | operator-= (Z< N, T > b) |
| |
| Z< N, T > & | operator*= (Z< N, T > b) |
| |
| Z< N, T > & | operator/= (Z< N, T > b) |
| |
| bool | operator== (Z< N, T > a) const |
| |
| bool | operator!= (Z< N, T > a) const |
| |
| bool | operator<= (Z< N, T > a) const |
| | Needed for Eigen pruning; standard order on 0,...,N-1. More...
|
| |
template<int64_t N, typename T = int64_t>
class Mackey::Z< N, T >
The class of Z/N coefficients where N is prime.
The operators are self explanatory. User must ensure that N is prime for division to work.


#* The server renders this HTML page in an end-user's browser when needed authentication identifier to further determine next authentication method(s) Velocity variables (identified by the $ character) are generated at runtime by the server. Change text or formatting as needed. Modifying Velocity statements is not recommended as it may interfere with expected server behavior. *# #set( $messageKeyPrefix = "authentication.identifier.template." )
#if ($existing_identifiers.size() > 0)


Developing Performance-Optimized ODBC Applications
This section provides general guidelines for optimizing system performance that have been compiled by examining how numerous shipping ODBC applications have been implemented. These guidelines are divided into the following categories:
Catalog Functions
The following ODBC functions are catalog functions:
Minimizing the Use of Catalog Functions
Compared to other ODBC functions, catalog functions are relatively slow. By caching information returned from catalog functions, applications can avoid multiple executions.
While almost no ODBC application can be written without using catalog functions, you can improve performance by minimizing their use. To return all result column information mandated by the ODBC specification, an ODBC driver may have to perform multiple queries, joins, subqueries, and unions to return the required result set for a single call to a catalog function. These particular elements of the SQL language are performance expenses.
Applications should cache information from catalog functions.
Avoiding Search Patterns
Passing null arguments to catalog functions generates time-consuming queries. In addition, network traffic may increase because of unwanted result set information. Always supply as many non-null arguments to catalog functions as possible.
Because catalog functions are slow, applications should invoke them efficiently. Any information that the application can send the driver when calling catalog functions can result in improved performance and reliability. However, many applications pass the minimum number of non-null arguments required for the function to return a successful result set.
For example, consider a call to SQLTables where the application requests information about the table “Customers.” Often, this call is coded as shown:
A driver may process this SQLTables call into SQL as shown:
SELECT ...   FROM SysSynonyms WHERE SynName = ‘Customers’ ORDER BY ...In this example, the application provided little information about the object for which information was requested. Suppose three “Customers” tables were returned in the result set:
It may not be obvious to the user which table to choose. If the application had specified the OwnerName argument for the SQLTables call, only one table would be returned and performance would improve. Less network traffic would be required to return only one result row and unnecessary rows would be filtered by the database.
In addition, if the TableType argument can be supplied, the SQL sent to the server can be changed from a three-query union to a single Select statement as shown:
Determining Table Characteristics with a Dummy Query
Avoid using SQLColumns to determine table characteristics. Instead, use a dummy query with SQLDescribeCol.
Consider an application that allows the user to choose columns. Should the application use SQLColumns to return information about the columns to the user or prepare a dummy query and call SQLDescribeCol?
Case 1: SQLColumns Method
rc = SQLColumns (... “UnknownTable” ...); // This call to SQLColumns will generate a query to // the system catalogs... possibly a join which must be // prepared, executed, and produce a result set rc = SQLBindCol (...); rc = SQLExtendedFetch (...); // user must retrieve N rows from the server // N = # result columns of UnknownTable // result column information has now been obtainedCase 2: SQLDescribeCol Method
// prepare dummy query rc = SQLPrepare (... “SELECT * from UnknownTable WHERE 1 = 0” ...); // query is never executed on the server - only prepared rc = SQLNumResultCols (...); for (irow = 1; irow <= NumColumns; irow++) { rc = SQLDescribeCol (...) // + optional calls to SQLColAttributes } // result column information has now been obtained // Note we also know the column ordering within the table! // This information cannot be // assumed from the SQLColumns example.In both cases, a query is sent to the server. In Case 1, the query must be evaluated and form a result set that is returned to the client. Case 2 is the better performing model.
To complicate this discussion, consider a DBMS server that does not support natively preparing a SQL statement. The performance of Case 1 would not change, but the performance of Case 2 would improve slightly, because the dummy query must be evaluated before being prepared. Because the Where clause of the query always evaluates to FALSE, the query generates no result rows and is processed without accessing table data. Again, Case 2 performs better than Case 1.
Managing the Retrieval of Database Meta-Information
Meta-information is information that describes the data stored in the database and can include information about the tables in the database, the columns in those tables, and the indexes that are defined for those tables. This data also is referred to as the database’s data dictionary or system catalog.
Typically, ODBC, OLE DB, and JDBC applications extract and use information from the database’s data dictionary using specific calls, such as the ODBC calls SQLTables, SQLColumns, and SQLPrimaryKeys. In large databases, the amount of meta-information that is retrieved can be considerable. Because some client applications cannot manage large amounts of information efficiently, system performance can be adversely affected.
Some ODBC, OLE DB, and JDBC calls have parameters that accept search patterns. You can use these parameters to limit the amount of meta-information that is retrieved; however, not every client application supports these parameters.
SequeLink allows you to use database data dictionary filters and database data dictionary views to limit the amount of meta-information that is retrieved.
Using Database Data Dictionary Filters
Database Data Dictionary filters limit the amount of meta-information that can be retrieved from the database’s native data dictionary. Specifically, they limit the number of result rows that can be returned for SQLTables. The data dictionary filters override any call parameters that are passed by the application when it accesses the database’s native data dictionary.
SequeLink provides the following types of database data dictionary filters, which must be defined on the server:
For more information about setting the database data dictionary filters for a SequeLink service, refer to the SequeLink Administrator’s Guide.
Using Database Data Dictionary Views
The DataSourceDB2CatalogOwner service attribute on the server allows you to limit the meta-information that is returned by using views on the database data dictionary. Database Data Dictionary views are supported for DB2 for z/OS only. For more information about setting the DataSourceDB2CatalogOwner service attribute, refer to the SequeLink Administrator’s Guide.
Retrieving Data
This section provides general guidelines for retrieving data with ODBC applications.
Retrieving Long Data
Unless it is necessary, applications should not request long data (SQL_LONGVARCHAR and SQL_LONGVARBINARY data), because retrieving long data across a network is slow and resource-intensive.
Most users do not want to see long data. If the user does need to see these result items, the application can query the database again, specifying only the long columns in the select list. This method allows the average user to retrieve result sets without having to pay a high performance penalty for network traffic.
Although the best method is to exclude long data from the select list, some applications do not formulate the select list before sending the query to the ODBC driver (for example, some applications
select * from
table_name...
). If the select list contains long data, the driver must retrieve that data at fetch time, even if the application does not bind the long data in the result set. When possible, the application developer should use a method that does not retrieve all columns of the table.Reducing the Size of Retrieved Data
To reduce network traffic and improve performance, you can reduce the size of data being retrieved to a manageable limit by calling SQLSetStmtOption with the SQL_MAX_LENGTH option. Although eliminating SQL_LONGVARCHAR and SQL_LONGVARBINARY data from the result set is ideal for performance optimization, sometimes, long data must be retrieved. When this is the case, remember that most users do not want to see 100 KB, or more, of text on the screen. What techniques, if any, are available to limit the amount of data retrieved?
Many application developers mistakenly assume that if they call SQLGetData with a container of size
x
, the ODBC driver only retrievesx
bytes of information from the server. Because SQLGetData can be called multiple times for any one column, the driver optimizes its network use by retrieving long data in large chunks and returning it to the user when requested.For example:
char CaseContainer[1000]; ... rc = SQLExecDirect (hstmt, “SELECT CaseHistory FROM Cases WHERE CaseNo = 71164”, SQL_NTS); ... rc = SQLFetch (hstmt); rc = SQLGetData (hstmt, 1, CaseContainer,(SWORD) sizeof(CaseContainer), ...);At this point, it is more likely that an ODBC driver will retrieve 64 KB of information from the server, rather than 1000 bytes. One 64-KB retrieval requires less network traffic than 64 1000-byte retrievals. Unfortunately, the application might not call SQLGetData again; thus, the first and only retrieval of CaseHistory would be slowed by the fact that 64 KB of data had to be sent across the network.
Many ODBC drivers allow you to limit the amount of data retrieved across the network by using the statement attribute SQL_MAX_LENGTH. This attribute allows the driver to communicate to the database server that only Z bytes of data are relevant to the client. The server responds by sending only the first Z bytes of data for all result columns. This optimization substantially reduces network traffic and improves performance. Our example returned only one row, but, consider the case where 100 rows are returned in the result set—the performance improvement would be substantial.
Using Bound Columns
Retrieving data using bound columns (SQLBindCol), instead of SQLGetData, reduces the ODBC call load and improves performance.
Consider the following example:
rc = SQLExecDirect (hstmt, “SELECT <20 columns> FROM Employees WHERE HireDate >= ?”, SQL_NTS); do { rc = SQLFetch (hstmt); // call SQLGetData 20 times } while ((rc == SQL_SUCCESS) || (rc== SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO));Suppose the query returns 90 result rows. More than 1890 ODBC calls are made (20 calls to SQLGetData x 90 result rows + 91 calls to SQLFetch).
Consider the same scenario that uses SQLBindCol, instead of SQLGetData:
rc = SQLExecDirect (hstmt, “SELECT <20 columns> FROM Employees WHERE HireDate >= ?”, SQL_NTS); // call SQLBindCol 20 times do { rc = SQLFetch (hstmt); } while ((rc == SQL_SUCCESS) || (rc== SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO));The number of ODBC calls made is reduced from more than 1890 to about 110 (20 calls to SQLBindCol + 91 calls to SQLFetch). In addition to reducing the call load, many ODBC drivers optimize how SQLBindCol is used by binding result information directly from the database server to the user’s buffer. That is, instead of the ODBC driver retrieving information into a container and copying that information to the user’s buffer, the ODBC driver simply requests the information from the server be placed directly into the user’s buffer.
Using SQLExtendedFetch Instead of SQLFetch
Use SQLExtendedFetch instead of SQLFetch to retrieve data. The ODBC call load decreases, resulting in better performance, and the code becomes less complex, resulting in more easily maintainable code.
Most ODBC drivers support SQLExtendedFetch for forward only cursors; yet, most ODBC applications use SQLFetch to retrieve data. Again, consider the previous example using SQLExtendedFetch, instead of SQLFetch:
rc = SQLSetStmtOption (hstmt, SQL_ROWSET_SIZE, 100); // use arrays of 100 elements rc = SQLExecDirect (hstmt, “SELECT <20 columns> FROM Employees WHERE HireDate >= ?”, SQL_NTS); // call SQLBindCol 1 time specifying row-wise binding do { rc = SQLExtendedFetch (hstmt, SQL_FETCH_NEXT, 0, &RowsFetched, RowStatus); } while ((rc == SQL_SUCCESS) || (rc== SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO));The number of ODBC calls made by the application is reduced from 110 to 4 (1 SQLSetStmtOption + 1 SQLExecDirect + 1 SQLBindCol + 1 SQLExtendedFetch). Note the total savings from an initial call load of more than 1890 ODBC calls to 4 ODBC calls. In addition to reducing the call load, many ODBC drivers retrieve data from the server in arrays, further improving performance by reducing network traffic.
For ODBC drivers that do not support SQLExtendedFetch, the application can enable forward-only cursors using the ODBC cursor library (call SQLSetConnectOption using SQL_ODBC_CURSORS/ SQL_CUR_USE_IF_NEEDED).
Although using the cursor library does not improve performance, it should not be detrimental to your application’s response time when using forward-only cursors (no logging is required). Furthermore, using the cursor library when SQLExtendedFetch is not supported natively by the ODBC driver simplifies the code, because the application can depend on SQLExtendedFetch being available. The application does not require two algorithms (one using SQLExtendedFetch and another using SQLFetch).
ODBC Function Selection
The guidelines in this section help you to optimize system performance when selecting and using ODBC functions.
Using SQLPrepare/SQLExecute and SQLExecDirect
Using SQLPrepare/SQLExecute is not always as efficient as using SQLExecDirect. Use SQLExecDirect for queries that will be executed once and SQLPrepare/SQLExecute for queries that will be executed multiple times.
ODBC drivers are optimized based on the perceived use of the functions that are being executed. SQLPrepare/SQLExecute is optimized for multiple executions of a statement that uses parameter markers. SQLExecDirect is optimized for a single execution of a SQL statement. Unfortunately, more than 75 percent of all ODBC applications use SQLPrepare/SQLExecute exclusively.
Consider an ODBC driver that implements SQLPrepare by creating a stored procedure on the server which contains the prepared statement. Creating stored procedures has substantial overhead, but the statement will be executed multiple times. Although creating stored procedures is performance-expensive, processing is minimal because the query is parsed and optimization paths are stored when the procedure is created.
Using SQLPrepare/SQLExecute for a statement that will be executed only once results in unnecessary overhead. Furthermore, applications that use SQLPrepare/SQLExecute for large, single-execution query batches will probably exhibit poor performance. Similarly, applications that use SQLExecDirect exclusively do not perform as well as those that use a logical combination of SQLPrepare/SQLExecute and SQLExecDirect sequences.
Using SQLPrepare and Multiple SQLExecute Calls
Applications that use SQLPrepare and multiple SQLExecute calls should use SQLParamOptions. Passing arrays of parameter values reduces the ODBC call load and network traffic.
Consider the following example that inserts data:
rc = SQLPrepare (hstmt, “INSERT INTO DailyLedger (...) VALUES (?,?,...)”, SQL_NTS); // bind parameters ... do { // read ledger values into bound parameter buffers ... rc = SQLExecute (hstmt); // insert row } while ! (eof);If there are 100 rows to insert, SQLExecute is called 100 times, resulting in 100 network requests to the server.
Alternatively, consider an algorithm that uses parameter arrays by calling SQLParamOptions:
rc = SQLPrepare (hstmt, “INSERT INTO DailyLedger (...) VALUES (?,?,...)”, SQL_NTS); rc = SQLParamOptions (hstmt, (UDWORD) 50, &CurrentRow); // pass 50 parameters per execute // bind parameters ... do { // read up to 50 ledger values into bound parameter buffers ... rc = SQLExecute (hstmt); // insert rowThe call load is reduced from 100 to just 2 SQLExecute calls. Furthermore, network traffic is reduced considerably. To achieve the best performance, applications should contain algorithms for using SQLParamOptions. SQLParamOptions is ideal for copying data into new tables or bulk loading tables. Note, however, that some ODBC drivers do not support SQLParamOptions.
Using the Cursor Library
If scrollable cursors are provided by the driver, do not use the cursor library automatically. The cursor library creates local temporary log files, which are performance-expensive to generate and provide worse performance than native scrollable cursors.
The cursor library provides support for static cursors, which simplifies the coding of applications that use scrollable cursors; however, the cursor library creates temporary log files on the user’s local disk drive as it performs the task. Typically, disk input/output is one of the slowest operations on PCs. Although the cursor library is beneficial, applications should not choose automatically to use the cursor library when an ODBC driver supports scrollable cursors natively.
Typically, ODBC drivers that support scrollable cursors achieve better performance by requesting that the database server produce a scrollable result set, instead of emulating this ability by creating log files.
Many applications use:
but should use:
Designing ODBC Applications
This general guidelines in this section will help you to optimize system performance when designing ODBC applications.
Managing Connections
Connection management affects application performance. Optimize your applications by connecting once and using multiple statement handles, instead of performing multiple connections. Many ODBC applications contain poorly designed elements for connection management. Avoid connecting to a data source after establishing an initial connection.
Some ODBC applications are designed to call informational gathering routines that have no record of attached connection handles. For example, some applications establish a connection and call a routine in a separate DLL or shared library that reattaches and gathers information about the driver.
Although gathering ODBC driver information at connection is a good practice, it often is more efficient to gather it in one-step rather than two steps. One popular commercial ODBC application connects a second time to gather driver information, and never disconnects the second connection. Applications that are designed as separate entities should pass the connected HDBC pointer to the data collection routine, instead of establishing a second connection.
Another bad practice is to connect and disconnect several times throughout your application to perform SQL statements. Connection handles can have multiple statement handles associated with them. Statement handles can provide memory storage for information about SQL statements; therefore applications do not need to allocate new connection handles to perform SQL statements. Applications should use statement handles to manage multiple SQL statements.
In Windows, significant performance improvement can be achieved with connection pooling, especially for applications that connect over a network or through the World Wide Web. Connection pooling lets you reuse connections. Closing connections does not close the physical connection to the database. When an application requests a connection, an active connection is reused, thus avoiding the network input/output needed to create a new connection.
Connection and statement handling should be addressed before implementation. Spending time and thoughtfully handling connection management improves application performance and maintainability.
Managing Transactions
Committing data is extremely disk input/output intensive and slow. If the ODBC driver can support transactions, turn Autocommit off.
What does a commit involve? The database server must flush back to disk every data page containing updated or new data. This is not a sequential write, but a searched write to replace existing data in the table. By default, Autocommit is on when connecting to a data source, and Autocommit mode usually impairs performance because of the significant amount of disk input/output required to commit every operation.
Furthermore, some database servers do not provide an Autocommit mode. For this server type, the ODBC driver must explicitly issue a COMMIT statement and a BEGIN TRANSACTION for every operation sent to the server. In addition to the large amount of disk input/output required to support Autocommit mode, a performance penalty is paid for up to three network requests for every statement issued by an application.
Updating Data
This section provides general guidelines for updating data in databases that will help optimize system performance.
Using Positional Updates and Deletes
Use positional updates and deletes or SQLSetPos to update data.
Although positional updates do not apply to all types of applications, developers should attempt to use positional updates and deletes when it makes sense. Positional updates (using “update where current of cursor” or using SQLSetPos) allow the developer to signal the ODBC driver to “change the data here” by positioning the database cursor to the appropriate row to be changed. The developer is not forced to build a complex SQL statement and simply supplies the data that will be changed.
In addition to making the application more easily maintainable, positional updates usually result in improved performance. Because the database server is already positioned on the row for the Select statement in process, performance-expensive operations to locate the row to be changed are not needed. If the row must be located, the server usually has an internal pointer to the row available (for example, ROWID).
Using SQLSpecialColumns
Use SQLSpecialColumns to determine the optimal set of columns to use in the Where clause for updating data. Often, pseudo-columns provide the fastest access to the data, and these columns can only be determined by using SQLSpecialColumns.
Some applications cannot be designed to take advantage of positional updates and deletes. These applications usually update data by using a Where clause consisting of some subset of the column values returned in the result set. Some applications may formulate the Where clause by using all searchable result columns or by calling SQLStatistics to find columns that may be part of a unique index. These methods usually work, but may result in fairly complex queries.
Consider the following:
rc = SQLExecDirect (hstmt, “SELECT first_name, last_name, ssn, address, city, state, zip FROM emp”, SQL_NTS); // fetchdata ... rc = SQLExecDirect (hstmt, “UPDATE EMP SET ADDRESS = ? WHERE first_name = ? and last_name = ? and ssn = ? and address = ? and city = ? and state = ? and zip = ?”, SQL_NTS); // fairly complex queryApplications should call SQLSpecialColumns/SQL_BEST_ROWID to retrieve the optimal set of columns (possibly a pseudo-column) that identifies a specific record. Many databases support special columns that are not explicitly defined by the user in the table definition but are “hidden” columns of every table (for example, ROWID and TID). These pseudo-columns usually provide the fastest access to the data, because they usually point to the exact location of the record. Because pseudo-columns are not part of the explicit table definition, they are not returned from SQLColumns. To determine if pseudo-columns exist, call SQLSpecialColumns.
Consider the previous example again:
... rc = SQLSpecialColumns (hstmt, ..... ‘emp’, ...); ... rc = SQLExecDirect (hstmt, “SELECT first_name, last_name, ssn, address, city, state, zip, ROWID FROM emp”, SQL_NTS); // fetch data and probably “hide” ROWID from the user ... rc = SQLExecDirect (hstmt, “UPDATE emp SET address = ? WHERE ROWID = ?”, SQL_NTS); // fastest access to the data!If your data source does not contain special pseudo-columns, the result set of SQLSpecialColumns consists of the columns of the optimal unique index on the specified table (if a unique index exists); therefore, your application does not need to call SQLStatistics to find the smallest unique index.


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