Some notes on papers / books surrounding psychology, especially evolutionary psychology and the psychology of explanation. These are notes on the authors’ points and not an endorsement of their views.
6.7. psychology¶
6.7.1. explanations¶
<IP_ADDRESS>. The structure and function of explanations (lombrozo 2006)¶
explanation structures
accommodate novel info in the context of prior beliefs
do so in a way that fosters generalization
background
explanations answer why questions
cognitive science has embraced explanation with regard to concepts and prior knowledge
explanations affect: (1) prob. assigned to causal claims, (2) how properties are generalized, (3) learning
predominant concepts
causation
pattern subsumption - this knowledge constrains what causes are probable/relevant
function of explanations: predict/control the future, constraint for generalization
causal inference - depends on prior beliefs + statistical evidence
explanations constrain causal inference based on prior beliefs
e.g. “if provided with evidence that cars of a particular color and size have better gas mileage, children and adults will disregard the confounding factor of color to conclude that car size causes the mileage difference”
people often offer explanations over evidence, especially when evidence is sparse
generating explanations for why a claim might be true provides a way to assess the probability of that claim in light of prior beliefs
“when generated from true beliefs, explanations provide an invaluable source of constraint; when generated from false beliefs, explanations can perpetuate inaccuracy.”
generalization of properties
basics of generalization
similarity: property is more likely to generalize to a new case if new case is similar
diversity: for generalizing to a broader category, property is more likely to generalize with more diverse evidence
explanations can override these basics
generalization of knowledge systems
self-explanation aids learning
“Explaining to oneself thus facilitates generalization to transfer problems by isolating
relevant senses of similarity, helping learners to overcome ‘the frailties of induction’”
differences between explanation and causal reasoning
“some beliefs are privileged at the expense of others” - relevance determines which causal factors matter
“prior knowledge might not be deployed through other means” - e.g. “explaining why a claim might be true or false changes the perceived probability of that claim”
“properties of explanations, such as their generality or simplicity, can influence probabilistic judgements”
<IP_ADDRESS>. Causal Explanation (lombrozo & vasilyeva 2017)¶
explanations appeal to causes (although not all explanations are causal e.g. mathematics)
causal inference here not the same as the way it is used in statistics
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. causal inference w/ explanations¶
“inference to the best explanation” - believe hypothesis that best explains the data
this is not just bayesian inference (a common assumption)
rather, it includes explanatory considerations such as simplicity, scope, and explanatory power
these things may improve short-term accuracy and make things easier to communicate/remember/use
it is possible that these things could be captured by a hierarchical bayesian model with appropriate priors / likelihoods
simplicity (lombrozo 2007) - explanation simplicity trades off w/ statistical likeliness
(lombrozo 2012) adults more likely to choose likeliness and all more like to choose likeliness for tasks with less apparent causal explanations
(pacer & lombrozo, 2017) explanation includes node simplicity = number of causes (nodes in graphical model) + root simplicity = number of unexplained causes (roots in graphical model)
people seem to only be sensitive to node simplicity
explanatory scope - how many things does this explanation imply (even if the others aren’t tested)
e.g. does a diagnosis predict additional effects not yet tested? people prefer diagnoses with narrower scope (khemlani, sussman, and oppenheimer 2011)
explanatory power - people’s explanations better predict their estimates of posterior probability than do objective probabilites on their own (douven & schupbach, 2015a, 2015b)
other considerations, such as coherence, completeness, manifest scope
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. causal discovery w/ explanations¶
causal discovery = causal model learning
engaging in explanation influences causal model learning
being prompted to explain can promote understanding
makes them more likely to find underlying causal models
(walker et al. 2016) - children asked to explain more attune to both evidence and prior beliefs
also sometimes reinforces people’s prior beliefs (right or wrong)
explaining “involved the integration of new information into existing knowledge” (Chi, De Leeuw, Chiu, and LaVancher, 1994)
reasons why explanation alters causal learning
attention - explanation doesn’t just boost attention - leads to specific benefits / deficits
motivation - explaining plays a motivational role (e.g. gopnik 2000 “Explanation as orgasm”)
i.e. people seeking good explanations motivates causal understanding
explanation favors finding hypotheses with “lovely” causes
however, some studies find that children prompted to explain outperform controls even when they don’t generate the right explanation
<IP_ADDRESS>.3. causal responsibility w/ explanations¶
causal responsibility = to which cause(s) do we attribute a given effect?
ex. “why did she slip?” - either “she is clumsy!” or “the staircase is slippery!”
classic ANOVA model (Kelley 1967) says ppl analyze covariation between factors such as person, stimulus, and situation but more seems to be involved
different questions have different “contrast class” (van Fraasesen, 1980, philosophy) - why did she slip? vs why did she slip on the stairs?
different questions shift things to causal relevance and not just probability
<IP_ADDRESS>. explanation taxonomy¶
Aristotle’s 4 “causes” or modes of explanation
cause
description
example
efficient
proximal mechanisms of change
a carpenter is an efficient cause of a bookshelf
final (functional, teleological)
the end, function or goal
holding books is a final cause of a bookshelf
formal
the form or properties that make something what it is
having shelves is a formal cause of a bookshelf
material
the substance of which something is constituted
wood is a material cause of a bookshelf
final causes
e.g. camouflage causes zebra stripes
real cause is a preceding intution
experiments suggest final causes are only accepted well when there is some causal link
e.g. adults who believe in God are more likely to accept scientifically unwarranted teleological explanations
another taxonomy: inherent vs. extrinsic explanations (cimpian & salomon, 2014)
formal explanations
pretty limited to category membership
e.g. Zach diagnoses ail ments because he is a doctor
these can be seen as constitutive (not causal): e.g. has four legs bc dog, but not is red bc is barn (even though most barns are read)
“existence of a whole presupposes the existence of its parts, and thus the existence of a part is rendered intelligible by identifying the whole of which it is a part” (prasada & dillingham 2009)
people who gave different explanations (e.g. functional vs material) also generalized differently to different categories (lombrozo 09)
two types of relationships - when bouth are present people opt for dependence
dependence = counterfactually - if cause didn’t occur, effect wouldn’t have occurred
transference = physical connection, e.g. continuous mechanism / conserved physical quantity
<IP_ADDRESS>. causal mechanisms¶
mechanism - spells out the intermediate steps between some cause and some effect
sometimes these are seen as explanations
alternative define mechanisms as complex systems that involve a (typically hierarchical) structure and arrangement of parts and processes, such as that exhibited by a watch, a cell, or a socioeconomic system
interlevel relationships are constitutive, not causal (e.g. saying molecules rub against one another - this is heat (contintutive) but people often misconstrue this is causal)
explanations can accomodate both types of relationships
<IP_ADDRESS>. misc explanation work¶
Evaluating computational models of explanation using human judgments (pacer, williams, chen, lombrozo, & griffiths, 2013) [PDF]
overton 2012 finds that explanations used something general (ex. model) to explain something specific (ex. data)
subsequent analysis overton 2012 finds “inference to the best explanation” - use specific instances (ex. data) to draw general inferences
waskan et al 2014 - must be actually intelligible
lombrozo 2011 - explanations are intrinsically valuable, but also play an important instrumental role in the discovery and confirmation of intuitive theories, which in turn support prediction and intervention
explanations should be understood in terms of their role in generating understanding (Achinstein 1983; Wilkenfeld 2014), supporting future judgments (Craik 1943; Heider 1958; Quine & Ullian 1970), or motivating the construction of causal theories (Gopnik 2000)
explanations play a role in generalizing from known to novel cases (Rehder 2006; Sloman 1994; Lombrozo & Gwynne 2014)
sometimes impedes learning about properties that are idiosyncratic
explanatory errors and “illusions” can help us identify when and why engaging in explanation is so often beneficial
functional approach: why do we want explanations?
the best explanation for persuasion or efficient storage of information, for example, may not be the one that best supports future prediction.
evidence (=the explanandum) provides for some hypothesis (=the explanans).
given causal thing what is best explanation
most relevant explanation model or explnatory tree model
human explanatory judgments track something more like evidence, information, or relevance, and not simply the prior or posterior probability of the explanans
desiderata
simplicity
if simplicity does inform explanatory preferences, it is trumped or made moot by probability
count simplicity vs root simplicity (root is often preferred)
fruitfulness
generally explanations with broader scope are better except for causal stuff
explanations + learning
explanation magnifies our prior beliefs
“negative program” - empirical results disprove philosophical intuitions
6.7.2. the invisible gorilla¶
We think we experience much more of our physical world than we do
We generally only see what we’re looking for
Our memory is very fake
We have a belief in shortcuts to expand our brain’s abilities
ex. Lumosity
6.7.3. the moral animal¶
Why We Are, the Way We Are: The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology - Robert Wright, 1965. Notes in this section are not an endorsement of the author’s views.
<IP_ADDRESS>. sex, romance, and love¶
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. darwin comes of age¶
Emile Durkheim - father of modern sociology
Wilson - initial book sociobiology was vehemently opposed
reactive against connotations of social darwinism
social darwinism is linked to eugenics
genes affect human nature in two ways
existence of guilt
developmental program to calibrate guilt
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. male and female¶
have to consider environment of evolutionary adaptation (EEA)
many studies on !Kung San of the Kalahari desert in Africa
throughout nature, females are more coy while males are more promiscuous
this is true of every known human society
Samoa example was thought to be different, but this study was refuted
true with turkeys (who can be seduced by a wooden female turkey head)
difference is due to amount of male parental investment
apes
ex. gorilla alpha male claims all the women
ex. gibbons are monogamous - live in family units separate from others
sing duets
<IP_ADDRESS>.3. gender differences in evolution¶
ideas that humans are a pair-bonding species
humans require high male parental investment (MPI)
vulnerable offspring
more education from two parents
genetically speaking, for males, worst thing is raising a child that isn’t theres
experiments suggest they are most angry at sexual infidelity
historically, sometimes killed children that weren’t theirs
quantity of sperm depends heavily on the amount of time a male’s mate has been out of his sight lately
genetically speaking, for females, worst thing is being abandoned
experiments suggest females are relatively more angry at emotional infidelity
however, can still be genetically useful for a female to be unfaithful
can extract gifts for sex - “resource extraction”
they don’t advertise their ovulation - “seeds of confusion”
madonna-whore dichotomy - a psychological phenomenon which groups females into 2 categories: marriage / fling
perhaps example of frequency-dependent selection
ex. blugill sunfish
normal males make nests and guard eggs
drifter males sneak around and fertilize others’ eggs
nature strikes a balance between both
in actuality, should be able to guage situation and switch between different behaviors
self-esteem might be biological marker that helps with this
males are more likely to gain from leaving a marriage
females only have ~25 fertile years
<IP_ADDRESS>.4. the marriage market¶
polygamy, initially, seems to benefit males
one male can get more females
why monogamy
ecologically imposed - if people are struggling to survive, a woman shouldn’t share a man with another
they won’t have enough resources
socially imposed - in economic unequal societies (like today)
these societies are the ones that have dowry
imagine 1000 men and 1000 women -> polygyny actually hurts the men
therefore, monogamy likely evolved to stop the dangers of men without wives
current divorce rates are high, hurting all alike
Charles Darwin focused on wealth, Emma focused on looks, they were married happily
<IP_ADDRESS>. social strife¶
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. darwin’s delay¶
darwin studies barnacles for a while, probably because he was afraid to unveil his iconoclastic theory
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. social status¶
hierarchy exists almost everywhere
even societies that have shared resources didn’t share social status, females, etc.
group-selection for hierarchy doesn’t make sense - individual fitness in anarchy is fine
2 theories
pecking order
if you leave hens, after some combat they settle into a pecking order
hen A pecks B with impunity, B pecks C, so on in order to settle disputes for resources
they all respect this
genes endowing a chicken with this selective fear should flourish
John Maynard Smith’s evolutionary steady state
hawk-dove analysis of birds
both strategies make sense in proportions
males genetically tend to be most ambitious, seek social status
Sharifian emperor of Morocco credited with 888 children
hierarchy comes after reciprocal altruism
status assistance could be main purpose of friendship
Machiavellianism is “the employment of cunning and duplicity in statecraft or in general conduct”
what we call cultural values are expedients to social success
<IP_ADDRESS>.3. deception and self-deception¶
it is more important to give the appearance of altruism than actually be altruistic
some of our motives are hidden from us not incidentally but by design, so that we can credibly act as if they aren’t what they are
low self-esteem - way to reconcile people to subordinate status
galvanic skin response (GSR) - rises if people hear their own voice
people somtimes can’t consciously identify their own voice even when GSR can
they recognize it more when they have more confidence
glumness
self-esteem deflator
negative reinforcement
course changer
split-brain patients make up reasons
one hemisphere gives them command walk
when asked why walking, they make something up
NYT quote: “In a week’s time, both sides have constructed deeply emotional stories explaining their roles, one-sided accounts that are offered with impassioned conviction, although in many respects they do not stand up, in either case, under careful scrutiny.”
<IP_ADDRESS>.4. darwin’s triumph¶
people were willing to profess incorrect opinions about the relative length of two lines if placed in a room with other people who professed them
<IP_ADDRESS>. morals of the story¶
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. darwinian (and freudian) cynicism¶
Freud
id - animal
ego - interprets id to superego
superego
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. evolutionary ethics¶
John Mill’s utilitarianism is a good starting point
morality best preserves non-zero sumness
<IP_ADDRESS>.3. blaming the victim¶
“genetic determinism” pops up in court cases (cases like insanity)
notion of free will is shrinking
less retributive of justice - more emphasis on deterrence, improving utilitarianism
rage of juries may wane as they come to believe that male philandering is “natural”
<IP_ADDRESS>.4. darwin gets religion¶
doctrines thus far likely have “harmony” with human nature
we are designed to believe that next rung on ladder will bring bliss, but in reality it will evaporate shortly after we get there
why religion
power to religion makers
mutual benefits for leaders and people
we came to empathize with all people
<IP_ADDRESS>.5. general tips¶
distinguish between behavior and mental organ governing it
remember that mental organ, not behavior, is what was actually designed by natural selection
these organs may no longer ba daptive
human mind is incredibly complex
6.7.4. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion¶
jonathan haidt, 2012
questions
eating dead dog
ripping up american flag
sex with chicken
incest
parochial - having a limited or narrow outlook or scope; of or relating to a church parish
<IP_ADDRESS>. intuitions come first, strategic reasoning second¶
elephant and rider metaphor
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. where does morality come from¶
nativist - morality is innate
empiricist - morality is from childhood learning
rationalist - morality is self-constructed by children on the basis of their experience with harm
kids know harm is wrong because they hate to be harmed and learn its is wrong to harm others
came to reject this answer
new study
moral domain varies by culture
rich, westerners tend to differentiate between social constructions and moral harms while others don’t
westerners are individualistic - harm and fairness
other cultures are sociocentric
disgust and disrepect drive reasoning - moral reasoning is posthoc fabrication
in fact, morality is probably some combination of 1 & 2
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. intuitive dog and rational tail¶
Plato - reason (mind) is master of emotions
Hume - reason is the servant of passions
Jefferson - reason and sentiment are indpeendent co-rulers
Haidt believes in 2
Antonio Damasio writes Descartes’ error where patients are missing ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)
they couldn’t have emotion
where difficult to reason without emotion - too many choices
intuitionism - calls reasoning rider and intution elephant
rider developed to help elephant
social intuitionism - other people can alter intuitions
<IP_ADDRESS>.3. elephants rule¶
brain can make snap judgements in 1/10 second
can predict 2/3 outcomes of senate / house elections based on attractiveness in this time
intuitions come first, strategic reasoning second
smells etc can influence our moral judgements
<IP_ADDRESS>.4. vote for me (and here’s why)¶
conscious reasoning immediately justifies intuitive response
self-esteem doesn’t make evolutionary sense, since being in groups was what mattered
rather, self-esteem measure’s one’s fitness as a mate / group member
experimental evidence for confirmation bias
moral/political matters - we are often groupish rather than selfish
<IP_ADDRESS>. there’s more to morality than harm and fairness¶
be suspicious of moral monomists
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. beyond WEIRD mentality¶
WEIRD - western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic - outliars, but often used
Schweder’s three ethics
autonomy - individual rights
community - group relationships
divinity - purity
there is more to morality than harm and fairness
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. taste buds of the righteous mind / 7 - the moral foundations of politics¶
deontology - rule-based ethics
moral psychology should be empirical - how the mind works, not how it ought to work
Moral Foundations Theory
care
evolved to care for young
fairness
punish cheaters
finding altruistic partner
liberty
loyalty
want people that are good team players
authority
allows us to thrive in hierarchical settings
sanctity
starts with omnivore’s dillema
survive pathogens
<IP_ADDRESS>.3. the conservative advantage¶
Durkheim - basic unit is family, not individual
liberals only really value first three moral foundations
<IP_ADDRESS>. morality binds and blinds¶
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. why are we so groupish¶
group selection is controversial
here are 3 exhibits defending it
major transitions produce superorganisms
shared intentionality generates moral matrices
chimpanzees have no shared intentionality
genes and cultures coevolve
evolution can be fast
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. the hive switch¶
two candidates for hive switch
oxytocin genes
mirror neurons
hive switch doesn’t seem to be for everyone, but rather just for one’s group
<IP_ADDRESS>.3. religion is a team sport¶
descriptive definitions - describe what people think are moral
normative definitions - describe what is truly right
utilitarianism
deontology
belief in supernatural - could be accidental as by-product of hypersensitive agency detection device
religion can effectively surpress free-rider problem
<IP_ADDRESS>.4. disagreeing more constructively¶
people are predisposed to ideologies
then there is serious confirmation bias
liberals and conservatives are both necessary to balance each other out
Manichaeism - polarization, believing one side only
imagine world with no countries, religion -> would probably be chaos
6.7.5. Predictably Irrational¶
by Dan Ariely, 2008
arbitrary coherence - market prices themselves that influence consumers’ willingness to pay. What this means is that demand is not, in fact, a completely separate force from supply.
Choices are always relatives
Adding a comparable worse option makes the comparable option seem better
Supply and demand doesn’t always work
The price for black pearls was completely made up
People often stay anchored to the prices they first see
Social norms compete with market norms
Fining parents who pick up their children late
High price of ownership
Students who won tickets in a lottery would sell them for much more than buy them
Pepsi wins blind taste tests, coke wins shown ones
6.7.6. freud¶
Id – set of instinctual trends
“contrary impulses exist side by side, without cancelling each other out. … There is nothing in the id that could be compared with negation … nothing in the id which corresponds to the idea of time.”
Ego – organized and realistic
Super-ego – analyzes and moralizes – mediates between id and ego
<IP_ADDRESS>. social cement¶
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. families¶
altruism makes sense for kin - wasps, ants
part of kin selection theory by Hamilton
some ants are sterile and only defend nests
genes try to propagate themselves not individuals or groups
\(r\) - represents degree of relatedness
brother = 1/2
aunt = 1/4
cousin = 1/8
for some organisms, like slime mold, r=1
higher average r leads to more altruism
children look after themselves first, then siblings
parents need to teach them to share
children are biologically inclined to listen to their parents when young
biological evidence: wealthy people focus on boy children, poor on girls
measure in how many years after first child for next child
makes sense since male’s reproductive potential is more affected by societal status
this same trend should show up for siblings (poor children are nicer to girl siblings)
parents grieve most of children around adolescent age
this maps perfectly the reproductive potential of !Kung people
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. darwin and the savages¶
evolution: kin-selection -> reciprocal altruism (tit for tat) -> higher morals
against group selection - even if it helped a group, it would start to decay within the group
<IP_ADDRESS>.3. friends¶
helping others is not zero-sum
lets you catch big game, spread information
late 1970s Axelrod devises competition for prisoner’s dillema programs
TIT for TAT programs wins - do what person did last
very simple for early ancestors to implement
designed for individuals not groups
TIT for TAT doesn’t work unless lots of people do it
kin selection gave it a boost
not sure about aunts, uncles, etc.
people try to maintain appearances of dignity
once reciprocal altruism is entrenched, can have “good for the group” type genes
<IP_ADDRESS>.4. darwin’s conscience¶
moral guidance is made to be guided by peers / parents
lying can be useful
lying can be genetically made exciting to teach its usefulness
modern society generally has more lying
this is to be expected as groups get larger and have more immigration and emigration


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"A" is for Amistad by Homer Yen (c) 1997
Throughout the history of Man, our individuality, our evolution, and our innate ability to define who we are stems from one concept. Freedom is what allows us to pursue our inalienable rights of life, liberty and happiness. The struggle to attain that freedom; however, has come at a high price. Consider the sacrifice that Jesus made. Consider the American Revolutionary War. Consider the case of the Amistad.
In 1839, slaves aboard the ship, La Amistad, escape from their bonds and subsequently overrun the ship.  The Amistad is eventually captured by the US Navy, and the escapees are brought to stand trial for various counts of murder and mayhem. But this is more than just a simple trial. During this time period, the symbolic nature of this trial will have a long-lasting effect that will ultimately help to shape the direction of young America. Several interested parties all have a large stake in its outcome. Some view the slaves as property and want the trial to be handled as a property issue. The trial also has repercussions that threatens the stability of an international treaty. But most importantly, exonerating and freeing the Amistad defendants may ultimately throw the country into civil war as southern leaders will look upon this as a prelude to total emancipation, which would be a threat to their economic prosperity.
This is a very fragile and pivotal point in America's history. Part of the film acutely illustrates the atrocities of the slave trade. Men, women and children are ripped apart from their families and communities, only to be sold as a commodity. Their lives have been stripped away. Their ordeal is torturous. Like cattle, some are sold off while others are slaughtered. It is truly shocking to witness such brutality. You can not help but shed a tear for those unfortunate victims. The other portion takes the form of a courtroom drama that shows how the great minds of that day tried to maneuver through moral ambiguity and address a higher order of responsibility.
Those that wished to set the slaves free include Roger Baldwin (Matthew McConaughey), a lawyer who at first bases his case on property law but slowly comes to see his clients as human beings. The cause is also supported by two abolitionists, a former slave (Morgan Freeman) and an immigrant named Tappan (Stellan Skarsgard). Former President John Quincy Adams (Anthony Hopkins) also argues eloquently and ably for their freedom. Those that oppose their freedom include the pubescent Queen of Spain (Anna Paquin) who demands that the slaves be returned to her, sailors and merchants that hold receipts of their purchase, and a bumbling President Van Buren (Nigel Hawthorne), who is constantly being pressured by Southerners that threaten secession. The leader of the slaves, Cinque, (African model Djimon Hounsou), is truly a majestic and formidable leader. He doesn't speak any English, but must somehow try to free his comrades in a foreign environment where the judicial system is still experiencing growing pains.
Directed by Steven Spielberg, you can see his penchant for over-the-top poignancy. Indeed, there are some incredibly moving scenes that can bring you to tears. The plight of the Amistad defendants is a heart-wrenching one. Cinque's crusade is poetic. Another highlight is Anthony Hopkins as the dotty politician, who delivers one of the best courtroom speeches ever (Oscar contender as Best Supporting Actor). There are, however, two minor (very minor) complaints that I want to point out. The first is that the actual exploration of the slave trade happens outside the main framework of this movie. It serves as a backdrop to Cinque's quest for freedom. Eventually, and this is my second minor reservation, this fact gives way to an extended courtroom drama, which covers the last 90 minutes of the film.
But, do not let these observations discount the importance of this historical epic. Amistad, based on the book, Black Mutiny, is courageously weighty and poignant. It's an important movie and offers a historical peek into a young nation when a few good men desperately tried to do the right thing within a misguided society that was deeply divided.
Grade: A
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Preparation time
30 mins to 1 hour
Cooking time
over 2 hours
Serves
Serves 6-8
A slow-roast winter warming weekend dish. Try to find hogget, as it carries more flavor than lamb. You will need two handfuls of clean hay, soaked in cold water and squeezed dry.
Soak two handfuls of clean hay in cold water for at least an hour. Squeeze it dry. Put half in a roasting tray and set the rest aside. Preheat the oven to 200C/180C Fan/Gas 6.
For the lamb, mix together the butter, tarragon, mint, parsley, garlic and salt and pepper to taste. Spread it all over the lamb, season well, then lay the lamb on the hay. Add the carrot, onion, fennel and rosemary. Cover with the remaining hay and a layer of aluminium foil and roast for 1 hour.
For the bubble and squeak, rub the potatoes with the oil and put them on a baking tray. Bake for 1 hour, or until the cooked.
Reduce the oven to 160C/140C Fan/Gas 3, remove the foil and some of the hay and roast the lamb for a further hour; it should almost fall off the bone. Transfer it to a platter to rest, then remove the remaining hay from the tray.
Pour the stock into the roasting tray and bring to boil on the hob. Strain through a fine sieve into a saucepan, then skim off any fat using a spoon and keep warm.
For the mint jelly, put the gelatine in a shallow bowl and just cover with cold water. Leave for a few minutes to soften. Put the sugar, apple juice and vinegar in a saucepan over a low heat until the sugar has dissolved. Turn up the heat and bring nearly to the boil. Remove the gelatine from the water, squeeze out any excess, add to the juice and stir until completely dissolved. Set aside to cool.
Add the shallot, mint and plenty of salt and pepper to the apple juice mixture, cover and refrigerate until set.
For the bubble and squeak, boil the swede in salted water until tender, then drain well. Blanch the cabbage in boiling salted water, refresh under cold water, then drain well. Melt the butter in a large frying pan over a medium heat, and sauté the shallots, garlic and thyme until lightly coloured. Add the cabbage and cook for 2 more minutes.
Scoop the potato flesh out of the skins into a bowl. Add the swede, then mash together, retaining some texture. Add this and the parsley to the cabbage mixture, season and mix well. Cook for 1-2 minutes, stirring from time to time.
Serve the lamb with the bubble and squeak, gravy and mint jelly.


jMock was born as a fork of DynaMock, the dynamic mock object implementation from mockobjects.com. Initially we wanted to clean up the code, fix some omissions in the API and make an honest-to-goodness 1.0 release that guaranteed API stability. In the end we produced a significantly different API that encapsulates the lessons we have learned about unit testing with mock objects.
What are the main differences that a DynaMock user will notice when they start using jMock?
The DynaMock API had many methods for defining stubs and expectations:
expect
, expectAndReturn
,
expectAndThrow
, match
, matchAndReturn
and matchAndThrow
. The jMock API has two methods,
expect
and stub
that return a builder object with
methods for specifying the method that is expected or stubbed. Those methods
also return builder objects with methods that return builder objects, and so
on. The chain of builders enforces a common order in which expectations are
specified, which makes it easier to skim-read tests with mock objects. The
call chain also makes expectations more descriptive, and so it is easier to
understand what an expectation means.
mock.expectAndReturn( "method1", a, result1 ); mock.matchAndReturn( "method2", C.eq(b1,b2), result2 );
mock.expects(once()).method("method1").with(eq(a)) .will(returnValue(result1)); mock.stubs().method("method2").with(eq(b1),eq(b2)) .will(returnValue(result2));
The jMock API needs a bit more typing, but is easier to read, is more explicit about what it specifies and, a big benefit for us, is much easier to maintain and extend because there are far fewer methods that must be overloaded for Java's primitive types.
The DynaMock API implied information that the user did not explicitly
specify. For example, passing no information about arguments to
expectAndReturn
(and related methods) implied that the expected
method had no arguments, passing a value to expectAndReturn
instead of a constraint implied that the actual value should be equal to the
value given, and so on. Although intended to help slothful programmers, this
feature was very confusing in practice. The maintainers of DynaMock often
received support requests that were caused by a misunderstanding of exactly
what was implied by eliding arguments from an an API call.
The jMock API requires that the user explicitly specify expectations and constraints. This makes tests much easier to read. We have not found that the additional typing required is a problem in practice.
// Does this expect a method with no arguments? Or ignore the arguments altogether? mock.expectAndReturn( "methodName", result1 ); // Should the actual argument be the same object as 'arg', or an object equal to 'arg'? mock.expectAndReturn( "methodName", arg, result2 );
mock.expects(once()).method("methodName").noParams() .will(returnValue(result1)); mock.expects(once()).method("methodName").with(eq(arg)) .will(returnValue(result2));
A DynaMock expectation requires the expected method to be called once and only once. We sometimes want to specify that a method must be called at least once. Implementing this in DynaMock made the number of overloaded methods get completely out of hand. At-least-once expectations are supported by jMock API. If necessary, the user can even add new kinds of expectation without changing jMock itself.
mock.expects(atLeastOnce()).method("methodName").with(eq(argument)) .will(returnValue(resultValue));
DynaMock supports ordered and unordered mock objects. Ordered mock objects expect calls in a strict order; unordered mocks allow them to happen in any order. DynaMock does not support anything between these two extremes.
jMock, on the other hand, has a very flexible way of specifying how calls are ordered. If call B must occur after call A, the user must first give call A an identifier. They can then specify that call B must occur after A, using the identifier they assigned to A. Ordering constraints can be applied to expectations or stubs, and multiple ordering constraints can be defned on the same call. This allows a range of ordering constraints to be specified, including partial ordering of calls.
In the example below, methodA
must be called before
methodB
and methodC
, but methodB
and
methodC
can occur in any order:
mock.expects(once()).method("methodA").noParams() .id("first call to methodA"); mock.expects(once()).method("methodB").noParams() .after("first call to methodA"); mock.expects(once()).method("methodC").noParams() .after("first call to methodA");
Even better, jMock can define ordering constraints over method calls to different mocks:
mock1.expects(once()).method("methodA").noParams() .id("first call to methodA"); mock2.expects(once()).method("methodB").noParams() .after(mock1,"first call to methodA");
DynaMock uses a class named C
to hold support functions that
help set up expectations on a mock. This led to ugly code and was not easy
to extend. jMock implements support functions in a test case class,
MockObjectTestCase
that the user must extend when they use mock
objects in their tests. This has both advantages and disadvantages. It means
that the support functions can be seamlessly extended by the user by writing
new functions in their own class (see below). It also lets the test case
automatically verify mock objects (also see below). However, thanks to
Java's single inheritance of classes, the user cannot inherit support
functions from more than one test case superclass.
import junit.framework.TestCase; import com.mockobjects.dynamic.Mock; class MyTestCase extends TestCase { public void testSomething() { Mock mock = new Mock(MyInterface.class); mock.expectAndReturn( "set", C.args(C.eq("key"),C.eq("value")), "oldValue" ); ... } }
import org.jmock.MockObjectTestCase; import org.jmock.Mock; class MyTestCase extends MockObjectTestCase { public void testSomething() { Mock mock = new Mock(MyInterface.class); mock.expects(once()).method("set").with(eq("key"),eq("value")) .will(returnValue("oldValue")); ... } }
The MockObjectTestCase
class automatically verifies any
Verifiable
objects stored in its instance variables. This helps
the user avoid common errors caused by forgetting a verify statement. This
automatic verification can be overridden if necessary. It is actually
defined by the VerifyingTestCase
so that it can be reused by
other sugary APIs that need different support functions from the jMock
API.
DynaMock allowed the user to create new constraint types and seamlessly use them in DynaMock tests. Adding new stubs was possible but ugly. New expectation types were not supported at all. jMock is much easier to extend: the user can seamlessly add new types of constraint, expectation, matcher, and stub.
Under the hood, jMock has a layered architecture. The "jMock API" that is used in unit tests is a thin layer of syntactic sugar on top of a flexible but inconvenient "core API". The core API can be used to extend the sugary API, or even replace it completely. For example, an optional extension uses the core API to make jMock use CGLIB so that tests can mock concrete classes. The core API has also been used to write an API very similar to that of EasyMock.


Welcome!
Dedicated professional with significant experience providing front-line customer
service with honesty and integrity while working as an effective team member. Proven
track record dealing with people in a respectful and professional manner under
stressful situations. Demonstrated ability to manage time and oversee complex projects.
Possesses the initiative and self motivation required to launch and run successful
business. Approaches duties with focus, commitment and diligence.
“I’m a
great
believer in luck, and
I find the
harder I work, the more I
have of
it.” - Thomas
Jefferson


I just finished reading 'Start With Why' by Simon Sinek and thought I would just summarise the main idea presented in the book which is called The Golden Circle.
The Golden Circle is an idea that states that there are three levels of concept behind a company.
In his book Simon Sinek states that his research has found that most companies can easily articulate WHAT they do and HOW they do it but often struggle to communicate the reason that they do it - their WHY. He also states that what makes companies like Apple Inc. different is that they not only understand their WHY but they lead with it in all that they do. From their decisions in product design to their marketing, it is clear that Apple is out to challenge the status quo. This action of leading with their WHY makes Apple stand out because so many other companies do things the other way around. They lead with WHAT they do and use their HOW to persuade people to buy their product.
Leading with your WHY first makes a connection with the customer. If they relate to and believe in your WHY they are much more likely to buy your products, even if your WHAT and HOW is not quite as good as your competitor's. Take the iPhone for example. The iPhone is a magnificent piece of engineering but when compared to it's competitors, if you were to judge devices based solely on their cost and feature-set the iPhone would not come out on top. So why then does Apple sell so many iPhones? It's because the people that believe in their WHY would prefer to buy from Apple, a company that has values and clear, visible ambitions, rather than a company that they might not no so well. The best bit is that the customer doesn't always know that this is why they are choosing to buy from one company over another. It's to do with how the brain works.
The part of your brain that is responsible for your 'gut feeling' is not responsible for communication and therefore if you were to ask someone who has acted on an inner feeling why they purchased a certain device they might not be able to accurately tell you. They may say something like 'it was cheaper' or 'it looked nicer'. It's kind of like when someone asks you why you love your girlfriend or wife, you know you do but it is hard to put the feeling into words.
In this post I just wanted to give you a brief overview of the concept of the golden circle but I would definitely recommend reading Start With Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone To Take Action. It could just change the way that you approach decision making for ever. I know that it has had a big impact on me.
I will leave you with a quote for the book.
People don't buy what you do, they buy why you do it.


My IT2805 - Web Technologies Course Page
Link to Homework #1
Link to Homework #2
Link to Homework #3
Link to Homework #4
Link to Homework #5
Link to Homework #6
Link to Homework #7
Link to Homework #8
Link to Homework #9
Link to Homework #10
Link to Homework #11
Link to Homework #12


| Class | GData::Auth::AuthSub |
| In: |
lib/gdata/auth/authsub.rb
|
| Parent: | Object |
This class implements AuthSub signatures for Data API requests. It can be used with a GData::Client::GData object.
| REQUEST_HANDLER | = | 'https://www.google.com/accounts/AuthSubRequest' | The URL of AuthSubRequest. | |
| SESSION_HANDLER | = | 'https://www.google.com/accounts/AuthSubSessionToken' | The URL of AuthSubSessionToken. | |
| REVOKE_HANDLER | = | 'https://www.google.com/accounts/AuthSubRevokeToken' | The URL of AuthSubRevokeToken. | |
| INFO_HANDLER | = | 'https://www.google.com/accounts/AuthSubTokenInfo' | The URL of AuthSubInfo. | |
| BIG_INT_MAX | = |<PHONE_NUMBER>3709551616 | 2 ** 64, the largest 64 bit unsigned integer |
| private_key | [R] | Private RSA key used to sign secure requests. |
| token | [RW] | AuthSub access token. |
Return the proper URL for an AuthSub approval page with the requested scope. next_url should be a URL that points back to your code that will receive the token. domain is optionally a Google Apps domain.
Initialize the class with a new token. Optionally pass a private key or custom URLs.
Return some information about the current token. If the current token is a one-time use token, this operation will use it up!
Set the private key to use with this AuthSub token. The key can be an OpenSSL::PKey::RSA object, a string containing a private key in PEM format, or a string specifying a path to a PEM file that contains the private key.
Sign a GData::Http::Request object with a valid AuthSub Authorization header.


Set encryption algorithm for Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP):
DES
Data Encryption Standard
(56 bit, not recommended)
3DES
Three key triple DES
(168 bit)
AES
Advanced Encryption Standard
(128,192,256 bit, recommended)


GERE, WILLIS, POITIER CHASE EACH OTHER AROUND THE WORLD
The Jackal A Film Review By Michael Redman Copyright 1997 By Michael Redman
*** (out of ****)
When the Soviet Union imploded, the western countries lost their shadow. With the United States friendly with the Russians, we no longer had an entity to blame for the world's problems. This showed up in Hollywood films as the communist government was no longer the easy bad guy.
It's time to rejoice because we've found our new villain. Now it's no longer the Russian government who sends killers out into foreign lands, it's the Russian _Mafia_. A perfect solution, it combines the dread of organized crime and the still-present uneasiness with the former Eastern Block countries. Best of all, the villains are still foreigners: fear of the other always plays best.
So it is a crime lord in Moscow that sends legendary hitman the Jackal (Bruce Willis) to assassinate a highly placed US government figure in retaliation for the death of his brother during a nightclub raid. The FBI is at a loss as to how to protect the target from someone they're not sure even exists.
Coming to their rescue is former IRA operative Declan Mulqueen (Richard Gere) who is temporarily released from prison to assist FBI agent Carter Preston (Sidney Poitier) and Russian Major Valentina Koslova (Diane Venora). Mulqueen's ex-girlfriend Basque terrorist Isabella (Mathilda May) is the only person who has seen the elusive Jackal. (Presumably there is an exclusive international terrorist club somewhere where the three met.)
The film follows two parallel tracks as the Jackal prepares for his $70 million hit and Mulqueen attempts to locate him while Preston makes sure that the Irishman doesn't slip away. Crossing numerous borders and donning various disguises for both himself and his mini-van, the killer is always one step ahead of his pursuers.
Being very loosely based on the same book the 1973 thriller "The Day Of The Jackal", comparison between the two films is inevitable. There is no doubt that the original is the better movie, playing the story for suspense rather than the current action/adventure. As a mystery, "The Jackal" has enough holes in it to ruin the tale, but if you can accept it for what it is, there's entertainment to be had.
Holes? Let's see…A pivotal clue for Mulqueen is so obscure that he must possess psychic powers to pick it up. For a 20-year veteran that can command the big bucks, the Jackal is an incredibly poor shot. The final scene between Gere and Willis occurs in a location that should be mobbed with police, but it's just the two of them. Willis' disguises usually look like Bruce Willis and are just as interesting as Val Kilmer's in "The Saint". (And lest you misunderstand, that's not a compliment.)
But the three stars are fun to watch. It's good to see Gere in something other than a business suit. Willis has a mixed history in picking projects, but his characters are always watchable. Poitier is by far the superior actor, but has limited screen time.
The problems in logic are flaws, but don't ruin the experience. Occasionally there are movies that transcend their blemishes. This is one of them.
[The appeared in the 11/20/97 "Bloomington Voice", Bloomington, Indiana]
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


11 Reading List 6
Essential reading list to get up to speed with the general flavor of our research questions.
11.1 Modals
Hacquard, Valentine (2011) ‘Modality’. In C. Maienborn, K. von Heusinger, and P. Portner (eds.) Semantics: An International Handbook of Natural Language Meaning. HSK 33.2 Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 1484-1515.
Hacquard, V. and Ailís Cournane. 2016. Themes and variations in the expression of modality. Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Linguistics Society (NELS 46).
Barbiers L.C.J. & Dooren A. van (2017), Modal Auxiliaries. In: Barbiers L.C.J., Dooren A. van (Eds.) The Companion to Syntax.: John Wiley.
11.2 Acquisition
Lidz, Jeff & L. Perkins (2017) Language Acquisition. in J. Wixted (ed) Stevens Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience. Wiley.
Gleitman, L.R., Cassidy, K., Papafragou, A., Nappa, R., & Trueswell, J.T. (2005) Hard words. Journal of Language Learning and Development, 1:1., 23-64
Cournane, Ailís. (under revision). Learning Modals: on how children acquire the language of possibility. Language & Linguistics Compass.
11.3 Experimental Methods
Corpus
Cournane, Ailís. 2015. Revisiting the Epistemic Gap: evidence for a grammatical source. Proceedings of the 39th annual to the Boston University Conference on Language Development (BUCLD39). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
van Dooren, A., Anouk Dieuleveut, Ailís Cournane and Valentine Hacquard. 2017. Learning what must and can must and can mean. Proceedings of the 2017 Amsterdam Colloquium.
Sentence Repair Task
- Cournane, Ailís. 2014. In search of L1 evidence for diachronic reanalysis: mapping modals. Language Acquisition 21 (1): 103-117.
Truth-Value Judgment Task
- Gordon, Peter. The Truth-Value Judgment Task. Chapter 10, In D. McDaniel, C. McKee, H. Cairns (Eds.) Methods for assessing children’s syntax. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Picture-Choice Task
- Gerken, LouAnn & Michele E. Shady. The Picture Selection Task. Chapter 6, In D. McDaniel, C. McKee, H. Cairns (Eds.) Methods for assessing children’s syntax. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Eye-Tracking
- Trueswell, J. C., Sekerina, I., Hill, N. M., & Logrip, M. L. (1999). The kindergartenpath effect: studying on-line sentence processing in young children. Cognition, 73, 89-134.
11.4 Language Change and the Role of the Children
- Cournane, Ailís. 2017. In defense of the child innovator. In Mathieu, Éric and Robert Truswell (eds), Micro Change and Macro Change in Diachronic Syntax. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. 10-24.


Section 1.13 Google Search
Once the wireless or other Internet connection has been established, you may start using Key Web, the web browser on the BrailleNote. By default, the HumanWare web page is the home page. In this lesson, we'll use google to conduct a simple search.
Subsection 1.13.1 Tasks
-
First, ensure wireless is on:
Options menu space + o
Connectivity menu letter c
Wireless letter w
"Wireless ethernet on?" Toggle to yes space, enter
Reconnect r
Return to Main Menu space + dot123456
-
Use the Internet:
From Main Menu, open the web browser letter i
"Address?" type www.google.com, enter
-
"Connect using which configuration?"
If your connection name is displayed enter
If not, toggle to your connection name space, enter
-
You can move back and forward by input control. An input control is a web page element, such as an edit box for writing, that you can interact with.
Previous input control space + dots13
Next input control space + dots46
Text input / search bar space + 46
Write a simple search term
To search enter
-
A results page should be displayed. Use review commands to navigate and read the page.
To just hear page links space / backspace
To follow or open a link enter
If link is known initial letter of link
To read using the braille display back or advance thumb-keys
-
If using speech
read the previous sentence space + dot1
read the current sentence space + dot14
read the next sentence space + dot4
-
Other Browser Commands are available to you.
Open new URL enter + o
Display name of current web page space + i
Go forward a page in session history enter + f
Go back a page in session history enter + b
Refresh the current web page enter + r.
Hear current input control space + dots1346
Subsection 1.13.2 Quiz
Write or say the best answer choice to each question.
-
From Main Menu, what letter should be pressed to go to the web browser?
b
w
i
g
-
What is the command to go back by a web page in the session history?
enter + b
backspace
previous thumb-key
enter + L
-
On a web page, what will space + 4 6 do?
jump to the next link
move to the next input control
move forward a page in the session history
refresh the page
-
To read forward by sentence or line with speech on a web page, what should you press?
space + g
space + dot1 + 4
space + dot1
space + dot4
-
What does space + x do?
exit the internet
read current page
read current input control
read current line
-
How can you read and move forward by a width of the braille display?
previous thumb-key
back thumb-key
advance thumb-key
next thumb-key
-
what does enter + dot1 do?
speak faster
speak slower
decrease the pitch
increase the pitch
-
How can you check the power status?
space with a full cell
enter + p
space + p
o chord, then p
-
How can you go to the last searched for text string?
enter + n
space + n
back + advance thumb-key
space + backspace + n
-
What is the name of the web browser on the BrailleNote?
Key Web
Fire Fox
Internet Explorer
HumanWare


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| SensorMode | |
| SensorModes |
Provide access to the modes supported by a sensors
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| BaseSensor | |
| Battery |
The class Battery interacts with EV3Dev to get information about battery used.
|
| Button |
Abstraction for an NXT/EV3 button.
|
| EV3DevSensorMode |
Sensor Mode abstract class
|
| EV3Key |
Implementation of the
Key interface for EV3. |
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| EV3Key.KeyType |


| state | {{ detailedPg.state }} |
| acting | {{ detailedPg.acting }} |
| up | {{ detailedPg.up }} |
| created | {{ detailedPg.created }} |
| mapping epoch | {{ detailedPg.mapping_epoch }} |
| last epoch clean | {{ detailedPg.last_epoch_clean }} |
| reported epoch | {{ detailedPg.reported_epoch }} |
| last active | {{ detailedPg.last_active }} |
| last change | {{ detailedPg.last_change }} |
| last clean | {{ detailedPg.last_clean }} |
| last deep scrub stamp | {{ detailedPg.last_deep_scrub_stamp }} |
| last fresh | {{ detailedPg.last_fresh }} |
| last unstale | {{ detailedPg.last_unstale }} |
| last scrub stamp | {{ detailedPg.last_scrub_stamp }} |


v4.1.0 Support for requestReviewDialog()
Support for showProductDialog()
Support for showCloudSetupDialog()
Update OpenSSL to 1.0.2k
v4.0.1 Return the receipt
as a String using the recommended [NSBundle appstoreReceiptURL]
method
Use the CFBundleVersion
instead of CFBundleShortVersionString
as recommended by Apple
v4.0.0 Build with latest Ti.SDK 6.0.3.GA
Add documentation on how to recode the receipt blob,
Support the new restoreCompletedTransactionsWithApplicationUsername
method.
Remove the verifyReceipt
method in favor of the validateReceipt
method
Update example to be more descriptive
v3.1.2 [MOD-1802] Fixed app failing to build when including module and building with TiSDK 3.5.0.GA
v3.1.1 [TIMOB-18092] Updated architectures in manifest
v3.1.0 [TIMOB-17928] Updated to build for 64-bit
v3.0.0 MOD-1491: Add support new iOS 7 receipt.
MOD-875: Add support for the download of Apple hosted IAP.
MOD-1570: Add an informative alert or popup when running on iOS7 simulator.
Added addTransactionObserver
function that must be called at app startup after event listeners are add.
DEPRECATED passing arguments to the purchase
function individually, pass them as a dictionary instead.
DEPRECATED Transaction state constants PURCHASING
, PURCHASED
, FAILED
, and RESTORED
in favor of TRANSACTION_STATE_PURCHASING
, TRANSACTION_STATE_PURCHASED
, TRANSACTION_STATE_FAILED
, and TRANSACTION_STATE_RESTORED
.
DEPRECATED some event properties in the transactionState
event.
v2.1.3 TIMODOPEN-265: Fixed error causing crash at launch
v2.1.2 Fix bug preventing iOS 7 builds: symbol EstimateBas64DecodedDataSize not found for armv7.
v2.1.1 MOD-1485: Resolve duplicate symbol conflict
v2.1.0 MOD-1475: Include original transaction information for restored transactions
v2.0.2 MOD-1401 / TC-2329: Fixed issue with receiptVerificationSandbox always being true if set MOD-1401 / TC-2330: Corrected comment in app.js regarding live vs. sandbox usage
v2.0.1 MOD-1367: Removed use of uniqueIdentifier
v2.0.0 MOD-1278: Refactored purchase workflow (now uses event) to handle case where purchases are completed after app has been pushed to the background. BREAKING CHANGES: See the documentation for details

v1.6.4 MOD-1341: Fixed double release of receiptVerificationSharedSecret in module dealloc method v1.6.3 MOD-1259: Fixed base64_(encode/decode) duplicate symbol error when running with certain other modules MOD-1250, MOD-840: Fixed documentation MOD-1252: Fixed error when cancel is called on product request
v1.6.2 MOD-1025: Fixed purchase cancel event's cancelled
property
v1.6.1 MOD-998: Add support for Titanium Mobile SDK 3.0.0 and higher.
v1.6.0 MOD-849: Include receipt in restored transaction notification Integrated Apple's verification code for "In-App Purchase Receipt Validation on iOS" and refactored verifyReceipt API to accommodate improvements. Added a new module property: receiptVerificationSandbox (used by the 'verifyReceipt' method) Added a new module property: receiptVerificationSharedSecret (used by the 'verifyReceipt' method) Updated the example to support receipt verification (new switch on the UI and new code on the callback method to call 'verifyReceipt' for each transaction) Updated the documentation to reflect the changes DEPRECATED the 'callback', 'sandbox', and 'sharedSecret' properties of the dictionary object passed to the 'verifyReceipt' method Added new 'callback' parameter to the 'verifyReceipt' method Added additional properties to the dictionary object returned for purchased and restored transactions for consistency and use in passing to 'verifyReceipt'
v1.5 MOD-533: Fixed a bug that prevented the "restoredCompletedTransactions" event from firing. Fixed a couple of logic errors in the example/app.js (namely, using identifier instead of productIdentifier when restoring transactions).
v1.4 MOD-409: Fixed regression introduced by 1.8.1: "invalid" will no longer be present when empty.
v1.3 MOD-248: Completely revamped the example to demonstrate how to setup and use the module.
v1.2 Changed the signature of Ti.Storekit.verifyReceipt to allow you to pass in a sharedSecret string, thus adding support for auto renewable subscriptions. MOD-195: Fixed a memory related crash when requesting products.
v1.1 Added support for "restoredCompletedTransactions" so that past purchases can be restored for the user. Example and documentation have been updated to show how to use this new method.
v1.0 Initial Release


General support queries. User Guides: https://support.komodoplatform.com/ Support staff: Angelina#6231 gcharang#6833. If you want to ask JL777 a question, use the #ask-jl777 channel.
100 messages
Before 05-Dec-19 12:00 AM
smk762 - dracocanis ominator31-Aug-19 07:23 AM
note, you will have to run wallet in native mode.
1
WienerKickstand31-Aug-19 07:48 PM
Hi everyone. I have a question. In both my Agama and QT wallets, it gets stuck on a a % when I open it and it starts downloading the recent blockchain. What do I do? I have installed the newer version and tried a different wallet.
@gcharang the old nxt client is what i've been using
gcharang03-Sep-19 11:18 AM
@WienerKickstand
try reindex. If that doesn't work, you should backup wallet.dat then clean the Komodo data directory and then use a bootstrap
Find the Komodo data directory. Depending on the OS, the location is as follows:
Linux: ~/.komodo
macOS/OSX: ~/Library/Application Support/Komodo
Windows: %APPDATA%/Komodo
delete the following files/folders
blocks
chainstate
notarisations
komodostate
komodostate.ind
peers.dat
DO NOT delete wallet.dat
back it up
download https://bootstrap.dexstats.info/KMD-bootstrap.tar.gz
extract it into the Komodo directory
Rocco.2104-Sep-19 02:35 AM
hello everyone have a warm greeting to the community of KOMODO .... I am new to this beautiful community who can help me that I do not understand much this cumunity
phm8704-Sep-19 03:27 PM
Hello @Rocco.21 what are your questions ?
skitout05-Sep-19 03:16 PM
Hi! I am struggling to get info about the white label mobile wallet option with Antara Composer (like on what wallet is it based on, what are the process once we complete our order…), and CA333 is super busy, does any one know who else I could contact, or where I could find some info?
PTYX05-Sep-19 03:20 PM
@skitout we're helping Komodo with the DEX integration and whitelabel sales. Can you please send me an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>with any details that would help us understand a bit about what you're looking for and we'll send you all of the information.(edited)
we can also jump on a call and i'll be more than happy to give you more details
KMD-bootstrap.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, last modified: Wed Sep 4 23:20:01 2019, from Unix
zatJUM05-Sep-19 07:56 PM
So file must be corrupted
Not sure about tar -xvzf. I use tar xvzf (without the -)
Hooftly05-Sep-19 08:05 PM
hmm ive downloaded a few times with the same result. Also tar xzvf yeilds the same error
its all good will have to wait for the nodes to wait out the sync
is what it is
zatJUM05-Sep-19 08:37 PM
Try just to gunzip the file first, then another time try file KMD-bootstrap.tar
Perhaps it's not a real tar file
Aquanaught3205-Sep-19 11:14 PM
I am having trouble with my agama wallet.. I cannot access it because it will not load just says activating best chain. I went through t the steps it recommended and deleted everything in the downloaded file except komodo.conf and wallet.dat and it again is stuck on activating best chain? what can I do from hrer
gets all the wy up to 95% and no further?
Hooftly05-Sep-19 11:26 PM
gunzip KMD-bootstrap.tar.gz
gzip: KMD-bootstrap.tar.gz: unexpected end of file
@zatJUM thanks for trying
1
Aquanaught3205-Sep-19 11:27 PM
?
Is there a phone number I can call? my time is limited and this service sucks
?
?
good humor lol
I have given it over a day seems stuck on 95.07% 1444001/1518854
ok im loading that now... thank you ill try this and get back
how do I use this bootstrap thing
Aquanaught3205-Sep-19 11:47 PM
damn
i don't know anything about coding
ever since Komodo had a security breach this has been hell
i could see my KMD balance at one point but got stuck in the downloading best chain phase.. then i tried to follow these steps lol got my head spinning... thank you Emmanuel I apologize for attitude
Hooftly05-Sep-19 11:57 PM
@Deleted User The bootstrap isnt working it seems corrupt
Aquanaught3206-Sep-19 12:07 AM
when will someone from support team help me?
Aquanaught3206-Sep-19 12:24 AM
limited time... there has got to be a more efficient way... i wish i could just get them to send my coins from my old wallet to my new wallet that is all i am trying to do... now i cannot access my old wallet on the Agama beta to the new Agama cross chain version
i was made aware that you could request missing coins form.. but i don't think they are technically missing, they are just stuck on the beta version that i cant access
Aquanaught3206-Sep-19 12:50 AM
? where did everyone go?
when does someone from support pick my case up?
Aquanaught3206-Sep-19 01:15 AM
Hello hello hello is there anybody in there? just nod if you can hear me? is there anyone home? cmon cmon now.. i need some help because my agama is down... please ease my pain and get me on my feet again
CHMEX06-Sep-19 03:44 AM
@Hooftly Thanks for reporting I restarted the process and it should work now
Hooftly06-Sep-19 03:49 AM
Awesome ill give it a try now
gcharang06-Sep-19 08:38 AM
@Aquanaught32 hey, ping me when you are back
Rohit06-Sep-19 09:22 AM
how to transfer KMD coin using javascript or any SDK
CHMEX06-Sep-19 09:24 AM
check #komodo-team
Aquanaught3206-Sep-19 10:24 AM
@gcharang ill get back on tonight in about 10 hrs.. i got to head to work for the day
gcharang06-Sep-19 10:25 AM
@Aquanaught32 sure, DM me when you are back
D3b006-Sep-19 12:22 PM
Hi,can somebody tell me am i baned on telegram and why?
gcharang06-Sep-19 12:26 PM
@D3b0 your telegram username?
D3b006-Sep-19 12:27 PM
@Debodebeli
gcharang06-Sep-19 12:27 PM
@yorklab could you unban @Debodebeli in telegram please?
@CHMEX thanks again for fixing the bootstrap. Saved A LOT of waiting(edited)
1
pandaanu7307-Sep-19 04:26 PM
Do anybody help me to build smart chain from scratch. After all compiled not get komodod file.
Oszy09-Sep-19 09:32 AM
then it's not compiled
or you looking at the wrong place
it should be in /src folder
skitout09-Sep-19 12:01 PM
Hi! I want to use the ($500) white label mobile wallet option in antara Composer, but would like to have some info about this wallet before (like what it looks like, basic specs, the process once the order is completed…). Where could I have this info or who can I contact?(edited)
I been looking for this info for more than 2 weeks now! CA333 is super busy, different people tried to help (thank you!) but so far I can’t get any info about this option (It is an Antara Composer option, not the (cool!) Chainzilla wallet)
gcharang09-Sep-19 12:36 PM
@skitout ca333 will get in touch with you
skitout09-Sep-19 12:40 PM
@gcharang Thank you very much, he just sent me the info !(edited)
Ruté09-Sep-19 07:45 PM
Hello. I am new here and need help with the komodo program..
On start it will give me this:
"Error: Cannot parse configuration file: Missing komodo.conf. Only use key=value syntax."
I can't get Agama to synchronize. Says it has 16 connections but the blocks are stuck at 1444059
Agama wallet version 0.5.7-4 on Windows 10
QuadraQ10-Sep-19 07:07 PM
Anyone here?
𝙊𝙊𝙊𝙊10-Sep-19 07:29 PM
Use the procedure in pinned messages for Komodo Ocean qt sync problems. Works for Verus Agama too.
QuadraQ10-Sep-19 07:47 PM
This one?
go to %appdata%
find the Komodo folder
Enter it
delete the following files/folders
blocks
chainstate
notarisations
komodostate
komodostate.ind
peers.dat
DO NOT delete wallet.dat
back it up
download https://bootstrap.dexstats.info/KMD-bootstrap.tar.gz
Extract the bootstrap file to the Komodo folder in %appdata%
Gordon Komodo10-Sep-19 08:40 PM
the second one i think
this one check what block you are in. use getinfo
once you found the block number, e.g: for block 1444008 use getblockhash 1444008
once you have the hash for the block you are stuck at, use invalidateblock <BLOCKHASH> without <> like the command below
once that is done, use reconsiderblock 035ee329fe10944f1b0bf659a8b8d2424322b98532deba0fe225f26eb350fdb2
[11:48 AM] SHossain: wait for the daemon to get on mainchain which might take some time
QuadraQ10-Sep-19 08:47 PM
well too late - I did the first one. Hopefully that will work
Support-RaptorPool.org11-Sep-19 09:23 AM
Hi, on your official website instructions, inside komodo.conf on github, inside komodo-cli you have wrong P2P and RPC ports, everywhere is wrong according to what I can see after start komodod(edited)
Documentation for developers building on the Komodo Platform
gcharang11-Sep-19 10:23 AM
@Support-RaptorPool.org thanks, we will update the github file. in the docs, it is supposed to be an example for setting a rpcport for a smartchain, so it can be anything
Support-RaptorPool.org11-Sep-19 10:24 AM
komodo-cli help also show wrong default ports(edited)
from ZEC
gcharang11-Sep-19 10:26 AM
@Support-RaptorPool.org in response to which command?


Paper Summary: Online Convex Programming and Generalized Infinitesimal Gradient Ascent
In this blog, I will give a summary of the paper “Martin Zinkevich. Online convex programming and generalized infinitesimal gradient ascent. Proc. of ICML, 2003.” and some of my understandings. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first paper that introduces the online convex programming, which is a generalization of the well-studied experts problem. Besides, A simple and natural method is proposed, namely the generalized Infinitesimal Gradient Ascent (GIGA). This algorithm is straightforward but powerful with certain advantages. The paper first introduces the form of online convex programming followed by a Greedy Projection algorithm. Then GIGA is proposed in the context of repeated games, which is shown to be universally consistent.
1. Online Convex Programming
In the traditional convex optimization problem, we want to find a decision variable inside a constraint set such that cost is minimized. All the parameters of the problem is given beforehand. However, in an online convex programming problem, we do not know the cost function until the decision is made. Mathematically, given a feasible set \(F \subseteq \mathbb{R}^{n}\), at each time step \(t\), an onine convex programming algorithm selects a vector \(x^t \in F\), and then receives the cost function \(c^t\). Note that the algorithm does not know what the cost function \(c^t\) is before it makes the decision.
Because an online algorithm does not have the full information, it will probably produce a sequence of \(\{x^1,x^2,...\}\) that is not optimal. To measure the performance of an online algorithm, we compare it with the fixed optimal solution \(x\) generated by an algorithm which knows all the cost functions beforehand. Mathematically, we define the regret of algorithm \(A\) until time \(T\):
\[R_A(T) = \sum_{t=1}^T c^t(x^t) - \underset{x \in F}{\min} \sum_{t=1}^T C^t(x)\]Note that the “best solution” from the hindsight is a fixed vector independent of time \(t\). Another possibility is to define regret against a dynamic strategy where the offline solution is allow a small number of change (c.f. section 2.2 of the paper). An online algorithm \(A\) is considered as a good algorithm if its average regret approaches zero, i.e. the regret \(R_A(T)\sim o(T)\). Next, I will give the basic algorithm called Greedy Projection which indeed has a sub-linear regret.
2. The Greedy Projection Method
The Greedy Projection method is simple and natural. At first, it selects an arbitrary starting point \(x^1\) inside the feasible set. At each iteration, it calculates the gradient of the cost function from the last step, performs a gradient descent with certain learning rate, and then projects the result back to the feasible set. Mathematically, it selects the vector \(x^{t+1}\) according to:
\[x^{t+1} = P(x^t-\eta_t(\nabla c^t(x^t)))\]where \(\eta_t \in \mathbb{R}^{+}\) is the learning rate at each time step. The projection function
\[P(y)=\arg \underset{x\in F}{\min} \|x-y\|\]finds the closest vector to \(y\) inside the feasible set. In the offline setting, this is a well-known projected gradient descent method, which enjoys performance for convex optimization. In the online setting, it turns out that the Greedy Projection method also has a good performance in the sense that the average regret approaches zero. To analyze the regret of the Greedy Projection method, we first make the assumptions that the feasible set \(F\) is bounded and there is an upper bound of the cost function gradients for all \(t\) and \(x\in F\). Formally, the diameter of the feasible set and the upper bound of the cost function gradients are given by
\[||F|| = \underset{x,y\in F}{\max} ||x-y||\] \[||\nabla c|| = \underset{x\in F, t\in \mathbb{N}}{sup}\; {||\nabla c^t(x)||}\]A full list the technical assumptions can be found in the paper. According to theorem 1 in the paper, if we choose the learning rate to be \(\eta_t = t^{-1/2}\), then the regret of the Greedy Projection algorithm is upper bounded by the following inequality:
\[R_G(T) \leq \frac{\| F \|^2 \sqrt{T}}{2} + (\sqrt{T} - \frac{1}{2}) \|\nabla c \|^2\]The regret upper bound contains two parts, the first part relates to the diameter of the feasible set, which accounts for the effect of our starting point \(x^1\). The second part relates to the cost function gradients because we use the gradient information at each time step. With this inequality in hand, we can make the conclusion that the regret of Greedy Projection method is indeed sub-linear, and the average regret goes to zero as the time goes to infinity.
3. Generalized Infinitesimal Gradient Ascent
Generalized Infinitesimal Gradient Ascent (GIGA) is a nontrivial extension of infinitesimal gradient ascent to games with more than two actions. The paper formulates the repeated games as online linear programming problems and shows that GIGA is universally consistent, in the sense that for sufficiently large \(T\), GIGA is very unlikely to have a large average regret.
In a repeated game, a player has a action set \(A\) and the environment has a action set \(Y\). The player wants to maximize the utility function \(u: A\times Y\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) , without the knowledge that how the environment will act in the current round. For simplicity, we consider the case where the action set \(A=\{1,...,n\}\) . At each round \(t\), GIGA will generate a vector \(x^t \in F\), where the feasible set is given by:
\[F=\{ x\in \mathbb{R^n} | \sum_{i=1}^n x_i = 1, \; \forall i, x_i \geq 0 \}\]Based on \(x^t\), the player will play action \(i\) with probability \(x_i^t\). Besides, we assume that the environment is oblivious and deterministic in the sense that the environment will play the same sequence of actions regardless of the actions of the player. This means that the randomness only comes from the strategy of the player. Now we are ready to give the form of Generalized Infinitesimal Gradient Ascent. After each round \(t\), we observes the action from the other player \(h_{t,2}\), the vector in the next round is given by:
\[y_i^{t+1} = x_i^t + \eta_t u(i,h_{t,2})\] \[x^{t+1} = P(y^{t+1})\]Based on the result of Greedy Projection, the expected regret of GIGA for all oblivious deterministic environments is \(O(\sqrt{T})\) and implies that GIGA is universally consistent. Besides, in contrast to Greedy Projection, GIGA is a stochastic online algorithm so the regret result is taken over expectation.
4. Conclusion
In the following, the paper provides a naive extension of experts algorithm for online convex programming. And the work proves that this extension does not work well compare to GIGA. I skip this part since it is less important. In conclusion, this paper introduces a generalization of experts problem, namely online convex programming problem. Then the Greedy Projection method and GIGA are proposed for online convex programming and repeated games, respectively. GIGA is proven to be universally consistent and thus is a good online algorithm for repeated games.


This is a demo of move.js
This image description will be moved above the image when the browser is resized under 600px! Try resizing your browser.
This image description will be moved above the image when the browser is resized under 600px! Try resizing your browser.
$('#content .desc').move({ breakpoint: 1000, oldLocation: '#content .container', newLocation: '#content h2', onMove: function(method, element) { if (method == 'oldLocation') { console.log('Moved back!'); } if (method == 'newLocation') { console.log('Moved to new location!'); } }, methods: { o: 'appendTo', n: 'insertAfter' } });
Your width based breakpoint, eg. 1000
.
Default: null
The old location for the element to be moved back to. eg #content .container
.
Default: null
The new location for the element to be moved to. eg #content
.
Default: null
Callback function for when an element is moved. Returned parameters are the method to move, ie newLocation
or oldLocation
, and the element that was moved. eg. function(method, element) {}
.
Default: null
The methods jQuery will use for handling moving your element around the DOM.
methods: { o: 'insertAfter', n: 'insertBefore' }
Default for both o
and n
: appendTo, where o
is the method for moving the element back to it's oldLocation, and n
is the method for moving the element into it's newLocation.
Valid properties: appendTo, prependTo, insertAfter, and insertBefore.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% from 'macros.html' import select_field %} {% block content %}
To vote, please assign five (5) to one (1) points to five competition entries. The more points you give, the higher you rank the entry.
There are some issues with your vote:


{% extends "global/Page.html" %} {% load otree static %} {% block title %} Simulation {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Now you can randomly input numbers for all four players' contribution and see what are those players' payoff.


Aaron Irizarry
Designing a Culture of Design
Workplace culture doesn’t start with beanbags, foosball tables, or a beer fridge, and it doesn’t end with neckties, PCs, or big corporations. It’s the unwritten rules, behavior, beliefs, and the motivations that enable good work to get done, or it’s what stifles a workforce. For design to be most effective and for designers to feel valued, we need to work in a culture that embraces design and allows it to succeed.
In Aaron’s session he will explore how to recognize the traits of organizations that *get* design, both large and small. He will share what those teams, departments, and companies have that others don’t, and more importantly, how to begin to change your own workplace’s culture. Once you’ve worked within a culture of design it’s almost impossible to imagine yourself anywhere else.
About Aaron
Aaron Irizarry is a Senior Product Designer for Nasdaq OMX, a lover of heavy metal, a foodie, and a master of BBQ arts. You can find some of his thoughts and presentations on the conversation surrounding design over at discussingdesign.com.


Using Dojo's Django Template language on Jaxer
Aptana's Jaxer is server side JavaScript (SSJS) server. With
some modifications to a web page, Dojo can be run on the server. With
Dojo running on the server, you can utilize the Dojo's Django Template
library rendering engine to do templating within Jaxer. The latest build
of Dojo includes some patches to properly work with Jaxer, so you need a
build of Dojo later than 2/18/08 to work with Jaxer. Next, the following
modifications to your page are needed to run Jaxer:
- You must explicitly set the base url of the Dojo library.
Jaxer does not provide the ability for Dojo to auto-detect the base url
as it can in other environments. Therefore you must declare the base
url with the djConfig global variable:
<script runat="server">
djConfig = {baseUrl:"/dojo/", // use the base path of dojo here
usePlainJson: true, parseOnLoad: true};
</script>
- Next, you must add the runat attribute with a value of
"server" to all of the script tags that you want executed on the
server. Your script tags should look like:
<script runat="server" type="text/javascript" src="../../../dojo/dojo.js"></script>
- Last, you must dojo.require("dojo.jaxer") with a script tag.
This should immediately follow the declaration of dojo.js:
<script runat="server" type="text/javascript" src="../../../dojo/dojo.js"></script>
<script runat="server" type="text/javascript">dojo.require("dojo.jaxer");</script>
Once this is done, Dojo should load in Jaxer, and you can utilize
the library capabilities of Dojo. In particular, you can now use DTL
renderer as you would on the browser. If you are running this in Jaxer,
below should be a working demonstration of a template that is rendered
on the server.
It is important to note that Jaxer is not capable of transferring
the programmaticaly set event handlers for widgets, it can only send the
static HTML to the browser. This means you can use DTL as a templating
engine to create HTML on the server, but Dojo client side widgets are
still necessary if you want to use interactive widgets on the browser.


lineIntersection method
Returns the intersection between two line segmentss defined by p0, p1 and q0, q1. If the lines are not intersecting null is returned.
Implementation
static Offset lineIntersection(Offset p0, Offset p1, Offset q0, Offset q1) {
double epsilon = 1e-10;
Vector2 r = new Vector2(p1.dx - p0.dx, p1.dy - p0.dy);
Vector2 s = new Vector2(q1.dx - q0.dx, q1.dy - q0.dy);
Vector2 qp = new Vector2(q0.dx - p0.dx, q0.dy - p0.dy);
double rxs = cross2(r, s);
if (rxs.abs() < epsilon) {
// The lines are linear or collinear
return null;
}
double t = cross2(qp, s) / rxs;
double u = cross2(qp, r) / rxs;
if ((0.0 <= t && t <= 1.0) && (0.0 <= u && u <= 1.0)) {
return new Offset(p0.dx + t * r.x, p0.dy + t * r.y);
}
// No intersection between the lines
return null;
}


This is a test
~This is another test~
This is yet another test~
~~ This is a test of it NOT working ~~
~~
This
is
a
multiline
test
~~
This is an inline strikethrough test
This is an ~~escaped~~ strikethrough.
This is a strikethrough with a ~ in the middle
I don’t even~ have an extra tilde.
This should ~~not be struck.
This is a complex strike through *test ~~with nesting involved* here~~.
This is a complex strike through *test with apparent nesting involved* here.
中文
a


Our purpose in writing this tutorial is not to teach programming, nor even to teach functional programming. Rather, it is intended to serve as a supplement to the Haskell Report [4], which is otherwise a rather dense technical exposition. Our goal is to provide a gentle introduction to Haskell for someone who has experience with at least one other language, preferably a functional language (even if only an "almost-functional" language such as ML or Scheme). If the reader wishes to learn more about the functional programming style, we highly recommend Bird's text Introduction to Functional Programming [1] or Davie's An Introduction to Functional Programming Systems Using Haskell [2]. For a useful survey of functional programming languages and techniques, including some of the language design principles used in Haskell, see [3].
The Haskell language has evolved significantly since its birth in 1987. This tutorial deals with Haskell 98. Older versions of the language are now obsolete; Haskell users are encouraged to use Haskell 98. There are also many extensions to Haskell 98 that have been widely implemented. These are not yet a formal part of the Haskell language and are not covered in this tutorial.
Our general strategy for introducing language features is this: motivate the idea, define some terms, give some examples, and then point to the Report for details. We suggest, however, that the reader completely ignore the details until the Gentle Introduction has been completely read. On the other hand, Haskell's Standard Prelude (in Appendix A of the Report and the standard libraries (found in the Library Report [5]) contain lots of useful examples of Haskell code; we encourage a thorough reading once this tutorial is completed. This will not only give the reader a feel for what real Haskell code looks like, but will also familiarize her with Haskell's standard set of predefined functions and types.
Finally, the Haskell web site, http://haskell.org, has a wealth of information about the Haskell language and its implementations.
[We have also taken the course of not laying out a plethora of lexical syntax rules at the outset. Rather, we introduce them incrementally as our examples demand, and enclose them in brackets, as with this paragraph. This is in stark contrast to the organization of the Report, although the Report remains the authoritative source for details (references such as "report section 2.1" refer to sections in the Report).]
Haskell is a typeful programming language: (Coined by Luca Cardelli.) types are pervasive, and the newcomer is best off becoming well aware of the full power and complexity of Haskell's type system from the outset. For those whose only experience is with relatively "untypeful" languages such as Perl, Tcl, or Scheme, this may be a difficult adjustment; for those familiar with Java, C, Modula, or even ML, the adjustment should be easier but still not insignificant, since Haskell's type system is different and somewhat richer than most. In any case, "typeful programming" is part of the Haskell programming experience, and cannot be avoided.


For after hours, call 137 425. New patients welcome.
For all your healthcare needs.
Our list of services.
Breen St Medical Practice is a fully accredited practice that offers a range of healthcare services. Our doctors and staff focus on the doctor-patient interaction and offer the highest-quality services to the Quarry Hill and Bendigo regions.
Services
General Medical Care
Insurance and industrial medicals
Skin cancer checks
Removal of lesions and other small procedures
ECGs
Health Assessment/Care Plans
Lung function tests
Pap smears
Blood pressure monitoring
Glucose testing
Home visits
Residential Aged Care Facility visits
Antenatal and postnatal visits
Immunisations
Reminder and recall systems
Travel vaccinations and advice
Teleconferencing
Melbourne Pathology is available between 8:30am-1:00pm, Monday-Friday


This website is brand new and still under construction. I am coding it from scratch as a way to teach myself web development.
I've really enjoyed making this site and if you visit often enough you'll doubtless see it changing all the time. The code for the site will be added to my github in case anyone would like to see it.
This website will also be a playground of sorts for my ideas -- good and bad (probably more of the latter). For example, I may later add any of the following: a blog, coding tutorials, Snake, and/or my attempts at writing short stories.


Organizers call 2019 international balloon fiesta a success
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (AP) - The numbers have been tallied, and organizers of the world’s largest hot air balloon festival are calling this year’s event a success.
The annual Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta drew an estimated 866,414 guest visits over nine days, as hundreds of pilots from around the world gathered to launch their balloons.
In all, 588 balloons registered for the event. That included 104 special shaped balloons.
Seventeen countries were represented, from Austria and Belgium to India, Colombia and Kenya.
Organizers say views of Balloon Fiesta Live neared 741,000, and nearly all of the scheduled events -with the exception of the kickoff mass ascension and one of the evening balloon glows - went on as planned.
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---
layout: post
title: Automatically Syncing your Photo Library to Flickr
date: '2014-07-22T19:53:12-07:00'
tags:
- hacking
- flickr
- synology
image: /tumblr_files/tumblr_inline_nn71vqQEu41rkukje_540.jpg
tumblr_url: https://nils.schimmelmann.us/post/92593150182/automatically-syncing-your-photo-library-to-flickr
---
Automatically Syncing your Photo Library to Flickr
I have a photo library that is well over 20GBs in size and only seems to have picked up in pace as cameras got more beefy and packed on the pixels. I am traveling to Scandinavia today, and I really wanted one place that I could store everything and beautifully display it at the same time.
Unfortunately, my local Synology box is too low end to host it all and my home internet just can’t cope with more than a few viewers. This left only a few cloud based options such as Dropbox, Picasa, and Flickr among others. However, only Flickr provided 1TB of storage for free as well as providing a rich API for hackers.
Enter flickr-uploader, an open source script that syncs your folders into albums automagically. Set it up on your Synology, forget it, and everything just works.
Give it a shot! :-)


PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
-
Senior Pipeline Technical Director
Sony Pictures Imageworks / Canada, Vancouver / 2018 - present
-
Technical Artist
Wargaming / Belarus, Minsk / 2014 - 2018
-
Technical Director
Rune Entertainment / Canada, Toronto / 2013 - 2014
-
Senior Developer / "1C" Trading Platform
Gross / Russia, Komsomolsk-on-Amur / 2011 - 2012
-
C++ Developer / Web Designer
KNASTU / Russia, Komsomolsk-on-Amur / 2008 - 2011
MY TOOLS
- Maya, Houdini, Substance Painter / Designer, ZBrush, Unity3D, Photoshop, Illustrator, Marvelous Designer
- Python, C++, C#, MayaAPI / MayaPythonAPI, QT / PyQt / PySide, MEL
- HTML5, CSS3, Bootstrap4, PHP, SQLite, MySQL, JavaScript, JQuery, Jekyll


2016 March 3rd
Presentation for the University of South Alabama
For the metric arc I=[0,1] and continuum-valued bonding relation f closed in I^2, the inverse limit lim{I,f,ω} is the subspace of the countable power I^ω containing sequences x satisfying x(n)∈f(x(n+1)). A recent trend in continuum theory is to generalize this notion to lim{I,f,L}, where L is an arbitrary linear order. When L=ω, the inverse limit is a subspace of the metrizable space I^ω; however, we will show that when L is uncountable, the inverse limit cannot be metrizable unless f is trivial. Furthermore, when L is an uncountable well order, it will be shown that the inverse limit is not even Corson compact.
\(\varprojlim\{I,f,L\}\subseteq I^L\) is metrizable.
\(\varprojlim\{I,\iota,L\}\cong I\) is metrizable
We now assume \(f\not=\iota\).
\(\varprojlim\{I,\gamma,\omega_1\}\) is the closed long ray of length \(\omega_1\), so not metrizable (or even Corson compact, \(W\), Frechet-Urysohn, etc.)
There exist \(x,y\in I\) such that \(\langle x,x\rangle,\langle x,y\rangle,\langle y,y\rangle\) are all in \(f\).
\(\Gamma\) trivially holds
Contradicts connectedness of \(f\).
Contradicts surjectivity and idempotence of \(f\).
Contradicts surjectivity and idempotence of \(f\).
Contradicts idempotence of \(f\).
Now that \(\Gamma\) has been verified for our bonding relations, we may restrict our attention to the two-point discrete space \(2=\{0,1\}\) and investigate \(\varprojlim\{2,\gamma,L\}\subseteq\varprojlim\{X,f,L\}\).
For any total order \(L\), we may define \(\check L=\{A\subseteq L:a\in L,b\lt a\Rightarrow b\in L\}\) which is totally ordered by \(\subseteq\).
Give \(\check L\) its usual order topology generated by the sets \((A,B)=\{C\in\check L:A\subsetneq C\subsetneq B\}\).
Note \(\check L\) is always a compact space.
Note that for \(\vec x\in\varprojlim\{2,\gamma,L\}\), a value of \(0\) may stay \(0\) or change to \(1\) as we look to the left.
But, once the value changes to \(1\), it's forced to stay there.
It follows that each \(\vec x\) is exactly the characteristic function \(\phi_A\) for some \(A\in \check L\); that is, \[ \vec x(l)=\phi_A(l)=\begin{cases} 1 & \text{if } l\in A \\ 0 & \text{if } l\not\in A \end{cases} \]
Note further that in the topology on \(\varprojlim\{2,\gamma,L\}\subseteq 2^L\), a basic open set may fix \(\vec x(a)=1\) and \(\vec x(b)=0\) for some \(a\lt b \in L\).
This is exactly the basic open set \(((\leftarrow,a),(\leftarrow,b])\) in \(\check L\).
Thus the map \(A\mapsto\phi_A\) is a homeomorphism from \(\check L\) to \(\varprojlim\{2,\gamma,L\}\).
Since we've found a copy of the compact space \(\check L\), we can break metrizability and other properties by showing that they cannot hold in \(\check L\).
Consider the totally ordered ordinal spaces such as \(0=\emptyset\), \(3=\{0,1,2\}\), \(\omega=\{0,1,2,\dots\}\), \(\omega+2=\{0,1,\dots,\omega,\omega+1\}\) ordered by \(\subseteq\).
Since \(\alpha+1=\alpha\cup\{\alpha\}\), it's not hard to see that \(\check\alpha=\alpha+1\) for every ordinal, including the first uncountable ordinal \(\omega_1\).
It's easy to show that every countable \(\alpha+1\) is metrizable.
But in fact, even the first uncountable successor \(\omega_1+1\) is not metrizable, or even a \(W\)-space.
Player \(\mathcal O\) wins if after \(\omega\) arounds, \(\lim_{n\to\infty}x_n=x\), and \(\mathcal P\) wins otherwise. \(x\) is a \(W\)-point if \(\mathcal O\) has an unbeatable strategy at that point.
In a metrizable space, it's obvious that every point is \(W\) since \(\mathcal O\) can simply choose radii converging to \(0\). Since every point is \(W\), it's a \(W\) space.
Because the game only lasts countably many rounds, \(\mathcal P\)'s' countable sequence must have an upper bound \(\beta\) in \(\omega_1\). Therefore \((\beta,\rightarrow)\) is a neighborhood of \(\omega_1\) missing every point in \(\mathcal P\)'s sequence.
We've shown that \(\check\alpha\) is metrizable (or even Corson compact, \(W\), Fréchet–Urysohn, etc. etc.) if and only if \(\alpha\) is countable.
More generally, it can be shown that \(\check L\) is metrizable if and only if \(L\) is countable, since \(\check L\)'s weight always equals its cardinality.
Thus a generalized inverse limit may only be metrizable when \(L\) is countable or \(f\) is trivial.
Slides available at Clontz.org.


preety
Hi, it is beautiful
Some of my favorite places:
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Make sure to follow me
find the places on your own


As a research intern at the Computer Vision and Robotics team of United Imaging intelligence (UII) America in Cambridge, MA,
I am working on human mesh recovery, mentored by
Dr. Ziyan Wu and
Dr. Srikrishna Karanam. Before coming to UII, I worked at SenseTime, Beijing, where
I was responsible for the project of the generative-model-based face forgery.
I have a wide interest in the field of computer vision. I started my PhD program in 2016 at Purdue University, West Lafayette,
supervised by
Prof. Jeffrey Mark Siskind. But I finally quit as a Master at
the end of my third year of PhD :). During that dramatic period, I mainly focused on visual classification based on
electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. I obtained my Bachelor's degree from University of Science and Technology of China (USTC).


| - (BOOL) addNewMessage: |
|
(NSDictionary *) |
messengerItem |
|
Creating new message with an optional mediaItem.
- Parameters
-
| messengerItem | the dictionary of the message |
| - (void) didPressAccessoryButton: |
|
(UIButton *) |
sender |
|
The user has pressed the accessorybutton, thus open a UIActionSheet where the user can decide what he wants to send
| - (void) didPressSendButton: |
|
(UIButton *) |
button |
| withMessageText: |
|
(NSString *) |
text |
| senderId: |
|
(NSString *) |
senderId |
| senderDisplayName: |
|
(NSString *) |
name |
| date: |
|
(NSDate *) |
date |
|
|
| |
User has pressed the send button. We gather the information of the message item and call the sendMessage method.
- Parameters
-
| button | the button that has been tapped |
| text | text of the message |
| senderId | objectId of the PFUser that sent the message |
| name | name of the PFUser that sent the message |
| date | when the message has been sent |
| - (void) eventuallySaveMessage: |
|
(NSMutableDictionary *) |
messengerItem |
|
Save the message so that we don't loose it anymore.
- Parameters
-
| messengerItem | mutable dictionary of the message |
| - (id) initWith: |
|
(NSString *) |
_groupId |
| andName: |
|
(NSString *) |
_username |
|
|
| |
Custom init method because we need to pass some parameters.
- Parameters
-
| _groupId | the id of the conversation |
| _username | the title that will be displayed in the navbar |
- Returns
- id
| - (void) loadUserProfilePicture: |
|
(NSString *) |
senderId |
|
Load the profile picture of the user.
- Parameters
-
| - (void) sendMessage: |
|
(NSString *) |
text |
| withPicture: |
|
(UIImage *) |
picture |
| withVideo: |
|
(NSURL *) |
video |
| andWithAudio: |
|
(NSString *) |
audio |
|
|
| |
Send a new message with its content.
- Parameters
-
| text | text of the message |
| picture | picture of the message |
| video | video of the message |
| audio | audio message |
| - (void) shouldStopTypingIndicator |
|
|
|
The other user has stopped typing, thus hide the typing indicator again.
| - (void) updateFirebaseMessage: |
|
(NSDictionary *) |
messengerItem |
|
Update the Firebase because there is a new message.
- Parameters
-
| messengerItem | dictionary of the message |
| - (void) updateMessage: |
|
(NSDictionary *) |
messengerItem |
|
Update the messageView and tell it about the new message.
- Parameters
-
| messengerItem | dictionary of the messenger item |
Block a user that infringes our terms of use.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


Responsive Table is a tasty JavaScript library which helps format data tables on small screens! It does so by reordering items in the DOM while keeping HTML markup valid and assistive technology friendly!
Flavours
- – Generates a link list above the table using the row headers as the link text. Only the associated table row is visible while the others remain hidden! List
- – Displays each row of content atop one another, like a stack of pankaces! Stack
- – The table remains as-is with a horizontal scroll available. A link to open the table in a new, full-width window appears at the desired breakpoint. Window
Usage
-
Include
responsive-table.js
at the bottom of your page -
Create a new
dataTable
variable and assign it anew ResponsiveTable()
instance -
Pass
ResponsiveTable()
three paramaters:-
The unique
IDREF
of the table -
The type of table:
list
,stack
, orwindow
- The CSS breakpoint at which the table mutation should occur
-
The unique
<script src="js/responsive-table.js"></script>
<script>
var dataTable = new ResponsiveTable('#data-table', 'list', '50em');
</script>


Edit event: Make sure that multiple recipes can be added to one event
Create a user preferences page to create a more comprehensive user meal plan-
Capture: breakfast, lunch, dinner, snack times as well as nutritional and palate preferences
Mealevent: {{mealEvent}}


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