Dat Protocol
DEP-0004: Hyperdb
Title: DEP-0004: Hyperdb
Short Name: 0004-hyperdb
Type: Standard
Status: Draft (as of 2018-05-06)
Github PR: Draft
Authors: Bryan Newbold, Stephen Whitmore, Mathias Buus
Summary
Hyperdb is an abstraction layer providing a general purpose distributed
key/value store over the hypercore protocol. It is an iteration on the
hyperdrive directory tree implementation, building on top of the hypercore
append-only log abstraction layer. Keys are path-like strings (e.g.,
/food/fruit/kiwi
), and values are arbitrary binary blobs (generally under a
megabyte).
Hyperdrive (used by the Dat application) is expected to be re-implemented on
top of hyperdb for improved performance with many files (e.g., millions). The
hyperdrive API should be largely unchanged, but the metadata
format will be
backwards-incompatible.
Motivation
Hyperdb is expected to drastically improve performance of dat clients when working with archives containing tens of thousands of files in single directories. This is a real-world bottleneck for several current users, with basic local actions such as adding a directory taking an unacceptably long time to complete.
A secondary benefit is to refactor the trie-structured key/value API out of hyperdrive, allowing third party code to build applications directly on this abstraction layer.
Usage Documentation
This section describes Hyperdb's interface and behavior in the abstract for application programmers. It is not intended to be exact documentation of any particular implementation (including the reference JavaScript module).
Hyperdb is structured to be used much like a traditional hierarchical
filesystem. A value can be written and read at locations like /foo/bar/baz
,
and the API supports querying or tracking values at subpaths, like how watching
for changes on /foo/bar
will report both changes to /foo/bar/baz
and also
/foo/bar/19
.
Lower-level details of the hypercore append-only log, disk serialization, and networked synchronization features that Hyperdb builds on top of are not described in detail here; see the DEP repository. Multi-writer hypercore semantics are also not discussed in this DEP.
A Hyperdb database instance can be represented by a single hypercore feed (or
several feeds in a multi-writer context), and is named, referenced, and
discovered using the public and discovery keys of the hypercore feed (or the
original feed if there are several). In a single-writer configuration, only a
single node (holding the secret key) can mutate the database (e.g., via put
or
delete
actions).
Keys can be any UTF-8 string. Path segments are separated by the forward
slash character (/
). Repeated slashes (//
) are disallowed. Leading and
trailing /
are optional in application code: /hello
and hello
are
equivalent. A key can be both a "path segment" and key at the same time; e.g.,
/a/b/c
and /a/b
can both be keys at the same time.
Values can be any binary blob, including empty (of zero length). For
example, values could be UTF-8 encoded strings, JSON encoded objects, protobuf
messages, or a raw uint64
integer (of either endianness). Length is the only
form of type or metadata stored about the value; deserialization and validation
are left to library and application developers.
Core API Semantics
A db
is instantiated by opening an existing hypercore with hyperdb content
(read-only, or optionally read-write if the secret key is available), or
creating a new one. A handle could represent any specific revision in history,
or the "latest" revision.
db.put(key, value)
: inserts value
(arbitrary bytes) under the path key
.
Requires read-write access. Returns an error (e.g., via callback) if there was a
problem.
db.get(key)
: Reading a non-existent key
is an error. Read-only.
db.delete(key)
: Removes the key from the database. Deleting a non-existent
key is an error. Requires read-write access.
db.list(prefix)
: returns a flat (not nested) list of all keys currently in
the database under the given prefix. Prefixes operate on a path-segment basis:
/ab
is not a valid prefix for key /abcd
, but is valid for /ab/cd
. If the
prefix does not exist, returns an empty list. The order of returned keys is
implementation (or configuration) specific. Default listing is recursive
(implementations may have a flag to control this behavior). Read-only.
If the hypercore underlying a hyperdb is only partially replicated, behavior is
implementation-specific. For example, a get()
call could block until the
relevant value is replicated, or the implementation could return an error.
An example pseudo-code session working with a database might be:
db.put('/life/animal/mammal/kitten', '{"cuteness": 500.3}')
db.put('/life/plant/bush/banana', '{"delicious": 103.4}')
db.delete('/life/plant/bush/banana')
db.put('/life/plant/tree/banana', '{"delicious": 103.4}')
db.get('/life/animal/mammal/kitten')
=> {"cuteness": 500.3}
db.list('/life/')
=> ['/life/animal/mammal/kitten', '/life/plant/tree/banana']
Reference Documentation
A hyperdb hypercore feed typically consists of a sequence of protobuf-encoded
messages of "Entry" or "InflatedEntry" type. A special "protocol header" entry
should be the first entry in the feed, as specified in DEP 0007: Hypercore
Header
, with dataStructureType
string hyperdb
. Hyperdb itself does not
specify the content of the optional header extension
field, leaving that to
higher-level protocols.
There is sometimes a second "content" feed associated with the primary hyperdb
key/value feed, to store data that does not fit in the (limited) value
size
constraint. The optional contentFeed
field described below can be used to
indicate such a feed.
The sequence of entries includes an incremental index: the most recent entry in the feed contains metadata pointers that can be followed to efficiently look up any key in the database without needing to linear scan the entire history or generate an independent index data structure. Implementations are, of course, free to maintain their own index if they prefer.
The "Entry" and "InflatedEntry" protobuf message schemas are:
message Entry {
required string key = 1;
optional bytes value = 2;
optional bool deleted = 3;
required bytes trie = 4;
repeated uint64 clock = 5;
optional uint64 inflate = 6;
}
message InflatedEntry {
message Feed {
required bytes key = 1;
}
required string key = 1;
optional bytes value = 2;
optional bool deleted = 3;
required bytes trie = 4;
repeated uint64 clock = 5;
optional uint64 inflate = 6;
repeated Feed feeds = 7;
optional bytes contentFeed = 8;
}
Some fields are specific to the multi-writer features described in their own
DEP (0008: Multi-Writer
) and mentioned only partially here. The fields common
to both message types are:
key
: UTF-8 key that this node describes. Leading and trailing forward slashes (/
) are always stripped before storing in protobuf.value
: arbitrary byte array. It is valid to set an empty (zero-length) value.deleted
: indicates that this is a "tombstone" entry, recording a deletion of a key. It is recommended (but not required) to keep this value undefined forput
entries instead of setting tofalse
explicitly. Note that a deletion entry can have a non-nullvalue
, which could be used to store user-defined metadata about the deletion.trie
: a structured array of pointers to other Entry entries in the feed, used for navigating the tree of keys.clock
: reserved for use in the forthcomingmulti-writer
standard. An empty list is the safe (and expected) value forclock
in single-writer use cases.inflate
: a "pointer" (reference to a feed index number) to the most recentInflatedEntry
in the feed (that has thefeeds
andcontentFeed
fields set). Not set in the firstInflatedEntry
in the feed.feeds
: reserved for use withmulti-writer
. The safe single-writer value is to use the current feed's hypercore public key.contentFeed
: for applications which require a parallel "content" hypercore feed for larger data, this field can be used to store the 32-byte public key for that feed. This field should have a single value for the entire history of the feed (aka, it is not mutable).
For the case of a single-writer feed, not using multi-writer features, it is
sufficient to write a single InflatedEntry
message in the hypercore feed,
with feeds
containing a single entry (a pointer to the current feed itself),
and contentFeed
optionally set to a pointer to a paired content feed.
Following that, the Entry
type can be used for all other messages, with
inflate
pointing back to the single InflatedEntry
message.
Path Hashing
Every key path has component-wise fixed-size hash representation that is used by the trie. The concatenation of all path hashes yields a "path hash array" for the entire key. Note that analogously to a hash map data structure, there can be more than one key (string) with the same key hash in the same database with no problems: the hash points to a linked-list "bucket" of Entries, which can be iterated over linearly to find the correct value.
The path hash is represented by an array of bytes. Elements are 2-bit encoded (values 0, 1, 2, 3), except for an optional terminating element which has value
- Each path element consists of 32 values, representing a 64-bit hash of that
path element. For example, the key
/tree/willow
has two path segments (tree
andwillow
), and will be represented by a 65 element path hash array (two 32 element hashes plus a terminator).
The hash algorithm used is SipHash-2-4
, with an 8-byte output and
16-byte key; the input is the UTF-8 encoded path string segment, without any
/
separators or terminating null bytes. An implementation of this hash
algorithm is included in the libsodium library in the form of the
crypto_shorthash()
function. A 16-byte "secret" key is required; for this use
case we use all zeros.
When converting the 8-byte hash to an array of 2-bit bytes, the ordering is
proceed byte-by-byte, and for each take the two lowest-value bits (aka, hash &
0x3
) as byte index 0
, the next two bits (aka, hash & 0xC
) as byte index
1
, etc. When concatenating path hashes into a longer array, the first
("left-most") path element hash will correspond to byte indexes 0 through 31;
the terminator (4
) will have the highest byte index.
For example, consider the key /tree/willow
. tree
has a hash [0xAC, 0xDC,
0x05, 0x6C, 0x63, 0x9D, 0x87, 0xCA]
, which converts into the array:
[ 0, 3, 2, 2, 0, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 3 ]
willow
has a 64-bit hash [0x72, 0x30, 0x34, 0x39, 0x35, 0xA8, 0x21, 0x44]
,
which converts into the array:
[ 2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 ]
These combine into the unified byte array with 65 elements:
[ 0, 3, 2, 2, 0, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 3,
2, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 1, 3, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1,
4 ]
As another example, the key /a/b/c
converts into the 97-byte hash array:
[ 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2,
0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 0, 3, 1, 1, 3, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3,
0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 0, 1, 0,
4 ]
Note that "hash collisions" are rare with this hashing scheme, but are likely to occur with large databases (millions of keys), and collision have been generated as a proof of concept. Implementations should take care to properly handle collisions by verifying keys and following bucket pointers (see the next section).
An example hash collision (useful for testing; thanks to Github user
dcposch
):
/mpomeiehc
/idgcmnmna
Incremental Index Trie
Each node stores a prefix trie that
can be used to look up other keys, or to list all keys with a given prefix.
This is stored under the trie
field of the Entry protobuf message.
The trie effectively mirrors the path hash array. Each element in the trie
is called a "bucket". Each non-empty bucket points to the newest Entries which
have an identical path up to that specific prefix location; because the trie
has 4 "values" at each node, there can be pointers to up to 3 other values at a
given element in the trie array. Buckets can be empty if there are no nodes
with path hashes that differ for the first time the given bucket (aka, there
are no "branches" at this node in the trie). Only non-null elements will be
transmitted or stored on disk.
The data structure of the trie is a sparse array of pointers to other Entry entries. Each pointer indicates a feed index and an entry index pointer, and is associated with a 2-bit value; for the non-multi-writer case, the feed index is always 0, so we consider only the entry index.
For a trie
with N
buckets, each may have zero or more pointers. Typically
there are a maximum of 3 pointers per bucket, corresponding to the 4 possible
values minus the current Entry's value, but in the event of hash collisions (in
the path array space), there may be multiple pointers in the same bucket
corresponding to the same value.
To lookup a key in the database, the recipe is to:
- Calculate the path hash array for the key you are looking for.
- Select the most-recent ("latest") Entry for the feed.
- Compare path hash arrays. If the paths match exactly, compare keys; they
match, you have found the you were looking for! Check whether the
deleted
flag is set; if so, this Entry represents that the key was deleted from the database. - If the paths match, but not the keys, look for a pointer in the last
trie
array index, and iterate from step #3 with the new Entry. - If the paths don't entirely match, find the first index at which the two
arrays differ, and look up the corresponding element in this Entry's
trie
array. If the element is empty, or doesn't have a pointer corresponding to your 2-bit value, then your key does not exist in this hyperdb. - If the trie element is not empty, then follow that pointer to select the
next Entry. Recursively repeat this process from step #3; you will be
descending the
trie
in a search, and will either terminate in the Entry you are looking for, or find that the key is not defined in this hyperdb.
Similarly, to write a key to the database:
- Calculate the path hash array for the key, and start with an empty
trie
of the same length; you will write to thetrie
array from the current index, which starts at 0. - Select the most-recent ("latest") Entry for the feed.
- Compare path hash arrays. If the paths match exactly, and the keys match, then
you are overwriting the current Entry, and can copy the "remainder" of it's
trie
up to your currenttrie
index. - If the paths match, but not the keys, you are adding a new key to an
existing hash bucket. Copy the
trie
and extend it to the full length. Add a pointer to the Entry with the same hash at the final array index. - If the paths don't entirely match, find the first index at which the two
arrays differ. Copy all
trie
elements (empty or not) into the newtrie
for indices between the "current index" and the "differing index". - Next look up the corresponding element in this Entry's
trie
array at the differing index. If this element is empty, then you have found the most similar Entry. Write a pointer to this node to thetrie
at the differing index, and you are done (all remainingtrie
elements are empty, and can be omitted). - If the differing tree element has a pointer (is not empty), then follow that
pointer to select the next
Entry
. Recursively repeat this process from step #3.
To delete a value, follow the same procedure as adding a key, and write an
Entry
with the deleted
flag set. Deletion nodes will persist in the
database forever.
Binary Trie Encoding
The following scheme is used to encode trie data structures (sparse, indexed
arrays of pointers to entries) into a variable-length bytestring as the trie
field of an Entry protobuf message.
Consider a trie array with N
buckets and M
non-empty buckets (0 <= M <=
N
). In the encoded field, there will be M
concatenated bytestrings of the
form:
- trie index (varint), followed by...
- bucket bitfield (packed in a varint), encoding which of the 5 values (4 values if the index is not modulo 32) at this node of the trie have pointers, followed by one or more...
- pointer sets, each referencing an entry at (feed index, entry index):
- feed index (varint, with a extra "more pointers at this value" low bit,
encoded as
feed_index << 1 | more_bit
) - entry index (varint)
- feed index (varint, with a extra "more pointers at this value" low bit,
encoded as
In the common case for a small/sparse hyperdb, there will a small number of
non-empty buckets (small M
), a usually a single (feed index, entry index)
pointer for those non-empty buckets. For a very large/dense hyperdb (millions
of key/value pairs), there will be many non-empty buckets (M
approaching
N
), and buckets may have up to the full 4 pointer sets. Even with millions of
entries, hash collisions will be very rare; in those cases there will be
multiple pointers in the same pointer set.
Consider an entry with path hash:
[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 3, 3, 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 2, 1,
0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, 3, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 2, 1, 1,
4 ]
and trie:
[ , { val: 1, feed: 0, index: 1 } ]
In this case N
is 64 (or you could count as 2 if you ignore trailing empty
entries) and M
is 1. There will be a single bytestring chunk:
- index varint is
1
(second element in the trie array) - bitfield is
0b0010
(varint 2): there is only a pointer set for value 1 (the second value) - there is a single pointer in the pointer set, which is (
feed=0 << 1 | 0
,index=1
), or (varint 2, varint 1)
Combined, the trie
bytestring will be:
[0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02]
For a more complex example, consider the same path hash, but the trie:
[ , { val: 1, feed: 0, index: 1; val: 2, feed: 5, index: 3; val: 3, feed: 6, index: 98 }, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
{ val: 4, feed: 0, index, 23; val: 4, feed: 1, index: 17 ]
Now M
is 2. The first bytestring chunk will be:
- index varint is
1
(second element in the trie array) - bitfield is
0b01110
(varint 9): there are three pointer sets - first pointer set is (
feed=0 << 1 | 0
,index=1
) or (varint 2, varint 1) - second pointer set is (
feed=5 << 1 | 0
,index=3
) or (varint 10, varint 3) - third pointer set is (
feed=6 << 1 | 0
,index=98
) or (varint 12, varint 98)
the second bytestring chunk would be:
- index varint is
64
(65th element in the trie array; the terminating value) - bitfield is
0b10000
(varint 1); there is a single pointer set... but it contains a hash collision, so there are two pointers - first pointer is (
feed=0 << 1 | 1
,index=23
) or (varint 1, varint=23); note themore
bit is set high! - second pointer is (
feed=1 << 1 | 0
,index=17
) or (varint 2, varint 17); note themore
bit is low, as usual. In the extremely unlikely case of multiple collisions there could have been more pointers withmore
high preceding this one.
The overall bytestring would be:
[0x01, 0x09, 0x02, 0x01, 0x0A, 0x03, 0x0C, 0x62, 0x40, 0x10, 0x01, 0x17, 0x02, 0x11]
Examples
Simple Put and Get
An empty hyperdb db
starts with a single DEP-0007 HypercoreHeader
message
at entry index 0:
{ dataStructureType: 'hyperdb' }
If we db.put('/a/b', '24')
, we expect to see a single Entry (of
InflatedEntry
type) at index 1:
{ key: 'a/b',
value: '24',
deleted: ,
trie:
[ ] }
For reference, the path hash array for this key (index 1) is:
[ 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2,
0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 0, 3, 1, 1, 3, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3,
4 ]
Note that the first 64 bytes in path match those of the /a/b/c
example from
the [path hashing][path_hash] section, because the first two path components
are the same. Since this is the second entry, the entry index is 1.
Now we db.put('/a/c', 'hello')
and expect a second Entry (of
Entry` type):
{ key: 'a/c',
value: 'hello',
deleted: ,
trie:
[ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , { element: 2, feed: 0, index: 1 } ] }
The path hash array for this key (index 2) is:
[ 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2,
0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 0, 1, 0,
4 ]
The first 32 characters of path are common with the first Entry (they share a
common prefix, /a
).
trie
is defined, but mostly sparse. The first 32 elements of common prefix
match the first Entry, and then two additional hash elements ([0, 1]
) happen
to match as well; there is not a differing entry until index 34 (zero-indexed).
At this entry there is a reference pointing to the first Entry. An additional 29
trailing null entries have been trimmed in reduce metadata overhead.
Next we insert a third node with db.put('/x/y', 'other')
, and get a third Entry:
{ key: 'x/y',
value: 'other',
deleted: ,
trie:
[ , { val: 1, feed: 0, index: 2 } ],
The path hash array for this key (index 3) is:
[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 3, 3, 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 0, 0, 2, 1,
0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, 3, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 2, 1, 1,
4 ]
Consider the lookup-up process for db.get('/a/b')
(which we expect to
successfully return '24'
, as written in the first Entry). First we calculate
the path for the key a/b
, which will be the same as the first Entry. Then we
take the "latest" Entry, with entry index 3. We compare the path hash arrays,
starting at the first element, and find the first difference at index 1 (1 ==
1
, then 1 != 2
). We look at index 1 in the current Entry's trie
and find a
pointer to entry index 2, so we fetch that Entry and recurse. Comparing path
hash arrays, we now get all the way to index 34 before there is a difference.
We again look in the trie
, find a pointer to entry index 1, and fetch the
first Entry and recurse. Now the path elements match exactly; we have found the
Entry we are looking for, and it has an existent value
, so we return the
value
.
Consider a lookup for db.get('/a/z')
; this key does not exist, so we expect
to return with "key not found". We calculate the path hash array for this key:
[ 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2,
1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3, 2, 0, 3, 3, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2,
4 ]
Similar to the first lookup, we start with entry index 3 and follow the pointer to
entry index 2. This time, when we compare path hash arrays, the first differing
entry is at array index 32
. There is no trie
entry at this index, which
tells us that the key does not exist in the database.
Listing a Prefix
Continuing with the state of the database above, we call db.list('/a')
to
list all keys with the prefix /a
.
We generate a path hash array for the key /a
, without the terminating symbol
(4
):
[ 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2 ]
Using the same process as a get()
lookup, we find the first Entry that
entirely matches this prefix, which will be entry index 2. If we had failed to
find any Entry with a complete prefix match, then we would return an empty list
of matching keys.
Starting with the first prefix-matching node, we save that key as a match
(unless the Entry is a deletion), then select all trie
pointers with an index
higher than the prefix length, and recursively inspect all pointed-to Entries.
Deleting a Key
Continuing with the state of the database above, we call db.delete('/a/c')
to
remove that key from the database.
The process is almost entirely the same as inserting a new Entry at that key,
except that the deleted
field is set. The new Entry (at entry index 4) is:
{ key: 'a/c',
value: ,
deleted: true,
trie: [ , { val: 1, feed: 0, index: 3 }, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , { val: 1, feed: 0, index: 1 } ] }
The path hash array for this Entry (key) is:
[ 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1, 1, 2,
0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 0, 1, 0,
4 ]
Drawbacks
A backwards-incompatible change will have negative effects on the broader dat ecosystem: clients will need to support both versions protocol for some time (increasing maintenance burden), future clients may not inter-operate with old archives, etc. These downsides can partially be avoided by careful roll-out.
For the specific use case of Dat archives, hyperdb will trivially increase metadata size (and thus disk and network consumption) for archives with few files.
Overhead and Scaling
The metadata overhead for a single database entry varies based on the size of
the database. In a "heavy" case, considering a two-path-segment key with an
entirely saturated trie
and uint32
-sized feed and entry index pointers, and
ignoring multi-writer fields:
trie
: 4 2 64 bytes = 512 bytes- total: 512 bytes
In a "light" case, with few trie
entries and single-byte varint feed and
entry index pointers:
trie
: 2 2 4 bytes = 16 bytes- total: 16
For a database with most keys having N path segments, the cost of a get()
scales with the number of entries M as O(log(M))
with best case 1 lookup and
worst case 4 * 32 * N = 128 * N
lookups (for a saturated trie
).
The cost of a put()
or delete()
is proportional to the cost of a get()
.
The cost of a list()
is linear (O(M)
) in the number of matching entries,
plus the cost of a single get()
.
The total metadata overhead for a database with M entries scales with `O(M
- log(M))`.
Privacy and Security Considerations
The basic key/value semantics of hyperdb (as discussed in this DEP, not considering multi-writer changes) are not known to introduce new privacy issues when compared with, e.g., storing binary values at key-like paths using the current ("legacy") hyperdrive system.
A malicious writer could cause trouble for readers, even readers who do not trust the application-level contents of a feed. Implementations which may be exposed to arbitrary feeds from unknown sources on the internet should take care to the following scenarios: A malicious writer may be able to produce very frequent key path hash collisions, which could degrade to linear performance. A malicious writer could send broken trie structures that contain pointer loops, duplicate pointers, or other invalid contents. A malicious writer could write arbitrary data in value fields in an attempt to exploit de-serialization bugs. A malicious writer could leverage non-printing unicode characters to create database entries with user-indistinguishable names (keys).
Rationale and alternatives
A major motivator for hyperdb is to improve scaling performance with tens of
thousands through millions of files per directory in the existing hyperdrive
implementation. The current implementation requires the most recent node in a
directory to point to all other nodes in the directory. Even with pointer
compression, this requires on the order of O(N^2)
bytes; the hyperdb
implementation scales with O(N log(N))
.
The hyperdb specification (this document) is complicated by the inclusion of new protobuf fields to support "multi-writer" features which are not described here. The motivation to include these fields now to make only a single backwards-incompatible schema change, and to make a second software-only change in the future to enable support for these features. Schema and data format changes are considered significantly more "expensive" for the community and software ecosystem compared to software-only changes. Attempts have been made in this specification to indicate the safe "single-writer-only" values to use for these fields.
Dat migration logistics
Hyperdb is not backwards compatible with the existing hyperdrive metadata, meaning dat clients may need to support both versions during a transition period. This applies both to archives saved to disk (e,g., in SLEEP) and to archives received and published to peers over the network.
No changes to the Dat network wire protocol itself are necessary, only changes
to content passed over the protocol. The Dat content
feed, containing raw
file data, is not impacted by hyperdb, only the contents of the metadata
feed.
Upgrading a Dat (hyperdrive) archive to hyperdb will necessitate creating a new feed from scratch, meaning new public/private key pairs, and that public key URL links will need to change.
Further logistical details are left to the forthcoming Multi-Writer DEP.
Unresolved questions
Need to think through deletion process with respect to listing a path prefix; will previously deleted nodes be occluded, or potentially show up in list results? Should be reviewed (by a non-author of this document) before accepted as a Draft.
There are implied "reasonable" limits on the size (in bytes) of both keys and values, but they are not formally specified. Protobuf messages have a hard specified limit of 2 GByte (due to 32-bit signed arithmetic), and most implementations impose a (configurable) 64 MByte limit. Should this DEP impose specific limits on key and value sizes? Would be good to decide before Draft status.
Apart from leaving fields in the protobuf message specification, multi-writer concerns are explicitly out of scope for this DEP.
Changelog
As of March 2018, Mathias Buus (@mafintosh) is leading development of a hyperdb Node.js module on github, which is the basis for this DEP.
- 2017-12-06: Stephen Whitmore (@noffle) publishes
ARCHITECTURE.md
overview in the hyperdb github repo - 2018-03-04: First draft for review
- 2018-03-15: Hyperdb v3.0.0 is released
- 2018-04-18: This DEP submitted for Draft review.
- 2018-05-06: Merged as Draft after WG approval.
- 2018-11-17: Updates for deletion and "header" message


# Ref count incremented to 1
set obj [java::new Object]
# Ref count incremented to 2
set copy $obj
# Ref count decremented to 1
unset copy
# Ref count decremented to 0, Java object freed
unset obj
A Java object handle can also be freed when the internal
representation for a TclObject that holds a Java
handle is changed. A Java object handle is created with an
internal representation of type
tcl.lang.ReflectObject.
# Ref count incremented to 1, ReflectObject internal rep
set obj [java::new Object]
# Ref count stays 1, converted to TclList internal rep, Java object freed
llength $obj
The attentive reader will deduce that there is actually
another ref count managed by the ReflectObject,
since in the first example the ref count of the TclObject
was changed while in the second example it was not. This is
in fact the case, although this implementation detail will
likely not matter to most programmers. A ReflectObject
has its own ref count to deal with the above case and to
account for the fact that a single ReflectObject
can be set as the internal representation for two
different TclObject instances. The following
example shows how this can happen.
# Ref count incremented to 1, ReflectObject internal rep
set obj [java::new Object]
# Copy just the string value of variable, ref count not changed
set copy [format %s $obj]
# Convert string to ReflectObject internal rep.
# Ref count for both TclObjects is 1.
java::isnull $copy
# Ref count decremented to 0
unset copy
# Ref count decremented to 0, Java object freed
unset obj
# TclObject created with ref count of 0.
# Tcl_Obj created to point at TclObject, increments TclObject.refCount to 1.
# Variable obj set to new Tcl_Obj, increments Tcl_Obj.refCOunt to 1.
set obj [java::new Object]
# Tcl_Obj.refCount incremented to 2.
# TclObject.refCount is not changed.
set copy $obj
# Tcl_Obj.refCount decremented to 1.
# TclObject.refCount is not changed.
unset copy
# Tcl_Obj.refCount decremented to 0, Tcl_Obj freed
# TclObject.refCount decremented to 0, Java object freed
unset obj
While the Tcl Blend implementation of ref counting is
significantly more complex that Jacl, the end user
should not see any differences between the two
implementations at the script or Java code level.
One implementation detail worth mentioning is how
native Tcl values are passed to a Java method.
Two special internal reps, tcl.lang.CObject
and tcl.lang.TclList, are used to implement
this feature. The following Tcl command implemented
in Java provides a simple example.
cat JS.java
import tcl.lang.*;
public class JS implements Command {
public void cmdProc(Interp interp, TclObject[] objv)
throws TclException
{
TclObject obj = objv[1];
System.out.println("Java string is " + obj.toString());
}
}
# Create new command in the Tcl interp
[java::getinterp] createCommand js [java::new JS]
set tstr "a Tcl string"
# Wrap existing Tcl_Obj in a TclObject with a CObject internal rep.
js $tstr
Java string is a Tcl string
This next example shows how an existing Tcl list object can
be passed into Java. The important thing to note in this
example is that the Java code operates directly on the
native list from C.
cat JL.java
import tcl.lang.*;
public class JL implements Command {
public void cmdProc(Interp interp, TclObject[] objv)
throws TclException
{
TclObject obj = objv[1];
interp.setResult( TclList.getLength(interp, obj) );
}
}
# Create new command in the Tcl interp
[java::getinterp] createCommand jl [java::new JL]
set tlist [list 1 2 3 4]
# Wrap existing Tcl_Obj in a TclObject with a TclList internal rep.
jl $tlist
4
It is critically important to note that when a Tcl_Obj is wrapped in a TclObject, the reference count for the Tcl_Obj is not incremented. This is important because it must be possible for the Java garbage collector to cleanup a TclObject without having to invoke C code to decrement the ref count for a Tcl_Obj. The Java garbage collector is typically run in a separate native thread and it is not legal to operate on a Tcl_Obj from a thread other than the one it was created in.
The simple rule to remember when dealing with a
TclObject in Java is that you must
preserve() a reference you want to hold
onto, and release() it when finished.
The reference will keep Java from garbage collecting
the TclObject, and incrementing the ref count
will keep Tcl from releasing the Tcl_Obj.
cat Hold.java
import tcl.lang.*;
public class Hold implements Command {
TclObject held = null;
public void cmdProc(Interp interp, TclObject[] objv)
throws TclException
{
if (held != null) {
interp.setResult(held.toString());
held.release();
held = null;
} else {
held = objv[1];
held.preserve();
}
}
}
# Create new command in the Tcl interp
[java::getinterp] createCommand hold [java::new Hold]
set hstr "valuable data"
# Wrap existing Tcl_Obj in a TclObject with a CObject internal rep.
# Increment ref count of Tcl_Obj to 2 by calling preserve().
hold $hstr
# Decrement ref count of Tcl_Obj to 1
unset hstr
# Set interp result to string value of held object
# and decrement the ref count of the Tcl_Obj to 0.
hold
valuable data
The above examples show how one can pass a Tcl_Obj into a
Java method. The next example demonstrates how a Tcl_Obj
can be created in Java code and returned to Tcl.
cat RL.java
import tcl.lang.*;
public class RL implements Command {
public void cmdProc(Interp interp, TclObject[] objv)
throws TclException
{
TclObject alist = TclList.newInstance();
TclList.append(interp, alist, TclString.newInstance("ONE"));
TclList.append(interp, alist, TclString.newInstance("TWO"));
TclList.append(interp, alist, TclString.newInstance("THREE"));
interp.setResult(alist);
}
}
# Create new command in the Tcl interp
[java::getinterp] createCommand rl [java::new RL]
# Tcl_Obj allocated in Java set as the value of tlist.
# Ref count incremented to 1 by this set command.
set tlist [rl]
The examples above demonstrate the most simple and
straightforward uses of a TclObject that
acts as a wrapper around a native Tcl_Obj.
In real code, there are additional complexities
that could lead to a memory leak of the
native Tcl_Obj. This next example shows
how that could happen and how Tcl Blend fixes
the problem.
At first glance, it looks as though all is well in the leak
command above. What actually happens is that the TclList.getLength()
call creates a new Tcl_Obj that would not be deallocated.
This leak could happen because the TclDouble.get() call converts
the passed in TclObject from a tcl.lang.CObject internal rep
to a tcl.lang.TclDouble internal rep. When that happens, the
Tcl_Obj stored in the tcl.lang.CObject is discarded.
When the object is converted back to a list type via the
TclList.getLength() call, there is no existing Tcl_Obj
to operate on, so a new one is allocated with a ref count of 0.
The TclObject with a newly allocated Tcl_Obj inside
of it is not used again, which could lead to a memory leak.
cat Leak.java
import tcl.lang.*;
public class Leak implements Command {
public void cmdProc(Interp interp, TclObject[] objv)
throws TclException
{
TclObject obj = objv[1];
double dval = TclDouble.get(interp, obj);
int len = TclList.getLength(interp, obj);
interp.setResult("Double -> " + dval + " llength -> " + len);
}
}
# Create new command in the Tcl interp
[java::getinterp] createCommand leak [java::new Leak]
set v 1.0
leak $v
Double -> 1.0 llength -> 1
Tcl Blend includes a feature that automatically deals with this sort of memory leak. When a Tcl command implemented in Java returns, Tcl Blend will check to make sure that a native Tcl_Obj allocated in the Java method is deallocated. Such a Tcl_Obj will only be deallocated if it has a ref count of 0, meaning its ref count was never incremented or decremented in the Java method. This feature will cleanup those Tcl_Obj pointers that would have been leaked, without effecting a TclObject that had its ref count changed by preseve() or release().
Copyright © 1997-1998 Sun Microsystems, Inc.


The most awesome web application in the galaxy.
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Mobile Repairing Master
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{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} Import - NHS.UK prototype kit {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %} {{ breadcrumb({ items: [ { href: "/docs", text: "Home" } ], href: "/docs/install", text: "Install" }) }} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Go to 'Import your project to GitHub' on your Github account and copy this URL in to the text field labelled 'your old repositories clone URL':
https://github.com/nhsuk/nhsuk-prototype-kit.git
Then, name your repository and start the import by clicking the green button labelled 'begin import'.
Once the import is complete you will recieve an email from Github.
{% from 'pagination/macro.njk' import pagination %} {{ pagination({ "nextUrl": "install-gitpod-step", "nextPage": "Install Gitpod" }) }}


Collection
of entities currently living in the memory.ViewEventEnv
s for AdapterView.OnItemClickListener
.ViewEventPool
that supports AdapterItemSelectedEvent
s.Handler
provided by the MainHandlerSupplier
AttachmentMap.ViewAttachmentStubber
.AttachmentMap
.InternalPresenter
.


SWEET 16
ELITE EIGHT
FINAL FOUR
CHAMPION
FINAL FOUR
ELITE EIGHT
SWEET 16
March 25-26
March 27-28
April 3
April 5
April 3
March 27-28
March 25-26
Round Three (2010 NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament)
Midwest
West
East
South
Round Four (2010 NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament)
Midwest
West
East
South
Round Five (2010 NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament)
Round Six (2010 NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament)
0
Winner
65
4
Loser
60


@*
* Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*@
@import uk.gov.hmrc.agentclientmandate.controllers.agent.routes
@import uk.gov.hmrc.agentclientmandate.config.AppConfig
@import uk.gov.hmrc.agentclientmandate.views.html._
@import uk.gov.hmrc.agentclientmandate.views.ViewUtils.titleBuilder
@import uk.gov.hmrc.govukfrontend.views.html.components._
@this(main_template: main_template,
formHelper: FormWithCSRF,
govukButton: GovukButton,
govukBackLink: GovukBackLink)
@(email: String, service: String, displayName: String, backLink:Option[String])(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages, appConfig: AppConfig)
@backLinkHtml = {
@if(backLink.isDefined) {
@govukBackLink(BackLink(
href = backLink.get,
content = Text("Back")
))
}
}
@main_template(title = titleBuilder(messages("agent.check-client-details.header"))) {
@backLinkHtml
@messages("agent.check-client-details.header")


Broker Graph API
The Broker Graph API allows developers to create and update shared resources; form connections; and query available resources. Through the Broker Graph API application developers specify how they envision their application will work across devices to both other applications and users.
Interacting with the Broker Graph starts with initializing a Broker. Once initialized (i.e., after broker.ready
resolves), the following core operations can be used.
- .include(): Gain access to static resources from a specified application.
- .connect(): Form a connection with other Brokers to gain access to additional resources.
- .share(): Share a local resource or update a previously shared resources metadata.
- .query(): Query available resources.


|
QuantLib: a free/open-source library for quantitative finance
Fully annotated sources - version 1.30
|
Inverse cumulative random sequence generator. More...
#include <ql/math/randomnumbers/inversecumulativersg.hpp>
Public Types | |
| typedef Sample< std::vector< Real > > | sample_type |
Public Member Functions | |
| InverseCumulativeRsg (USG uniformSequenceGenerator) | |
| InverseCumulativeRsg (USG uniformSequenceGenerator, const IC &inverseCumulative) | |
| const sample_type & | nextSequence () const |
| returns next sample from the inverse cumulative distribution More... | |
| const sample_type & | lastSequence () const |
| Size | dimension () const |
Private Attributes | |
| USG | uniformSequenceGenerator_ |
| Size | dimension_ |
| sample_type | x_ |
| IC | ICD_ |
Inverse cumulative random sequence generator.
It uses a sequence of uniform deviate in (0, 1) as the source of cumulative distribution values. Then an inverse cumulative distribution is used to calculate the distribution deviate.
The uniform deviate sequence is supplied by USG.
Class USG must implement the following interface:
The inverse cumulative distribution is supplied by IC.
Class IC must implement the following interface:
Definition at line 57 of file inversecumulativersg.hpp.
| typedef Sample<std::vector<Real> > sample_type |
Definition at line 59 of file inversecumulativersg.hpp.
|
explicit |
Definition at line 74 of file inversecumulativersg.hpp.
| InverseCumulativeRsg | ( | USG | uniformSequenceGenerator, |
| const IC & | inverseCumulative | ||
| ) |
Definition at line 79 of file inversecumulativersg.hpp.
| const InverseCumulativeRsg< USG, IC >::sample_type & nextSequence |
returns next sample from the inverse cumulative distribution
Definition at line 85 of file inversecumulativersg.hpp.
| const sample_type & lastSequence | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 64 of file inversecumulativersg.hpp.
| Size dimension | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 65 of file inversecumulativersg.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 67 of file inversecumulativersg.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 68 of file inversecumulativersg.hpp.
|
mutableprivate |
Definition at line 69 of file inversecumulativersg.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 70 of file inversecumulativersg.hpp.


We're sorry but Extream Collaboration doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue.


Visit the Publisher Administration page and log in with your Unity Account. If you are not already a Publisher, you will be prompted to create an Asset Store Publisher Account. Fill out the form and save the data to create your account. Unless otherwise noted, the information you provide will be displayed on the Asset Store on your customer-facing Publisher Page (Example).
The first thing you want to do if you are ready to submit an asset is to create a draft for your package. Go to the Packages tab of your Publisher Administration page and click the button “Create New Package”
In the summary of your asset you can change things like the Version Number and the Price USD of your asset.
| Status: | Current Status of the asset. (Draft, Published, Declined, Pending) |
| Version: | The version number for your asset ( eg; 1.5, 1.6, 1.7 ) |
| Version Changes: | A place to enter notes on what you have changed to the asset (mainly used for updates) |
| Price USD: | The price you wish for customers to buy your asset for. |
You can change the name of your asset by clicking the Edit link below the “Metadata” tab under Metadata and Artwork.
| Title: | This is the name of your asset. This field is required |
| Description: | This is the description of your asset ( Description may only contain the EM, STRONG, A, P and BR tags ) |
Tagging your Description:
The description section of your asset requires tags in order to use bold text or break to a new line. Here is a table below to help you.
| Bold: | This allows you to make the containing text bold | Bold Text |
| Italic: | This allows you to make the containing text italic | <e>italic text  |
| Link: | This allows you to add a URL link | My Link |
| Break: | This allows you to make a line break |
 |
| Paragraph: | This Defines a paragraph. |
A Paragraph
 |
You can change the Key Images of your asset by clicking the Edit link below the “Key Images” tab under Metadata & Artwork.
Upload and Remove Image: Click on the Select button to upload the image and Click Clear to remove it.
Icon & Key Image Sizes:
| Icon: | 128 x 128 (pixels) |
| Small: | 200 x 258 (pixels) |
| Large: | 860 x 389 (pixels) |
Eye Catching: These key images must aim to capture the eyes of customers just as a colorful cartoon captures the eyes of children. A lot of customers browse on the asset store and can commonly buy under impulse. Your Key images must help your asset stand out.
Icon Images:
The Icon Image is the most common key image that users will see. Here are a few well made icon images from the asset store as examples:
You can change the screenshots attached to your asset by clicking the Edit link below the “Screenshots” tab under Metadata & Artwork.
Click the “Insert Image” button in order to upload the image and add it as a screenshot for your asset. You can add multiple screenshots this way. Remove a screenshot by clicking the “Remove” button next to the image you wish to remove.
The “Up” and “Down” buttons allow you to put your screenshots into any order you like.
How screenshots :
Screenshots are just as important as key images when trying to sell your asset. Your asset may be the best asset in the world, however, if your screenshots do not communicate that then it will not sell.
Adding screenshots and making them help sell your asset
You can change the name of your asset by clicking the Edit link below the “Audio/Video” tab under Metadata & Artwork.
This allows you to add Audio or Video to the asset and embed it in the show reel with the screenshots of your asset. This is done by providing a link to either of the services below:
| YouTube |
| Vimeo |
| SoundCloud |
| MixCloud |
| SketchFab |
Adding Audio/Video to your asset
You can delete a draft by clicking the drop down text field under the Packages tab of your Publisher Administration page and selecting draft. This will deisplay your drafts.
Click on the name of the draft you wish to delete and click on the “Delete Draft” button below the Metadata & Artwork section at the bottom of the page.


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: NHibernate.Generics author: display_name: Tomas Restrepo login: tomasr email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: http://winterdom.com/ author_login: tomasr author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://winterdom.com/ wordpress_id: 257 wordpress_url: http://winterdom.com/2006/07/nhibernategenerics date: '2006-07-04 19:28:26 +0000' date_gmt: '2006-07-04 19:28:26 +0000' categories: - ".NET" - Tools tags: [] comments: - id: 194 author: Harald author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://harald.fluffnstuff.org/ date: '2007-02-24 15:04:40 +0000' date_gmt: '2007-02-24 15:04:40 +0000' content: | That is basically the same that I did. My implementation is available at http://nhibernate.fluffnstuff.org/. ---
I've been doing some work with NHibernate lately, and I'm pretty happy with it; it works very well over all and I haven't had any significant problems. One thing that did make it a lot easier to deal with was using Ayende's NHibernate.Generics library to deal with relations in our object model, definitely recommended if you're using NHibernate directly.
In our case, we extended Ayende's work with a tiny modification and extended his EntityList<> collection to support a very simple IBindingList implementation, which really helps a lot to support the Windows Forms databinding model.


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Bear Grylls mocked by viewers for his new 'porn star moustache'
Viewers thought his facial fuzz was hilarious
by Paul HironsAdventurer Bear Grylls is used to tough times out in the wild - but the broadcaster may not be used to being on the receiving end of such a torrid time indoors, as he did from some BBC viewers last night.
The host of Running Wild and The Island, 45, appeared on Michael McIntrye's Big Show and viewers immediately picked up on the new moustache he was sporting.
Bear, who's about film a new series for Netflix, played Michael's infamous Send To All mobile phone game.
"Handing me their mobile phone is just about the bravest thing a celebrity can do, so why not play it with the bravest celebrity of them all," Michael said.
Read more: I'm A Celebrity: Ian Wright SCREAMS for his mum in tonight's terrifying Bushtucker Trial
Sitting along Bear in the box was his wife, Shara, and friends Verity and Lilly.
It wasn't long before viewers took to Twitter to mock the appendage.
One viewer joked: "Bear Grylls looking like he's trying out for a role as a boiler fixer in a B-movie porno with that moustache."
Read more: Andrew Maxwell breaks down in tears and threatens o quit I'm A Celebrity
He was also interviewed on Friday on Good Morning Britain, and chatted to hosts Ben Shepherd and Charlotte Hawkins - and they also remarked on Bear's new facial fuzz.
"I find myself in a situation when I apologise before they even say anything," Bear laughed, sensing that they were going to say something.
However, he revealed that he won't be keeping the 'tache - and admitted his wife hates it and that he'll shave it off before his next bout of filming.
- Michael McIntyre's Big Show continues next week at 8.10pm on BBC One
Head to our Facebook page @EntertainmentDailyFix and let us know what you think of our story.


{% load static compress cms_tags wagtailcore_tags alignment_tags %} {% comment %} GF: Foundation's sticky plugin seems to be in conflict with Vue.js It doesn't get initialised properly and therefore the row that displays the MS titles above the columns, doesn't stick to the top when scrolling. The data attributes are in place already: data-sticky-container and data-sticky. Attempts: I tried to use the reInit() function (reference: https://foundation.zurb.com/sites/docs/javascript.html#initializing), but it looks like the method is not available for the Sticky plugin. `Foundation.reInit('data-sticky');` and `Foundation.reInit('data-sticky-container');` Both returning the error below: ReferenceError: "We're sorry, '_init' is not an available method for this element." {% endcomment %}


Installing CBHC
Ensure that you have backed up your system NAND before proceeding
Coldboot Haxchi (CBHC) is Haxchi, but automatically launched on boot. This means that whenever you turn on your Wii U, you'll automatically be launched into a patched sysNAND.
CBHC will replace your Haxchi title, so I'd recommend installing the Homebrew Channel first if you haven't already. This will allow easy access to the Homebrew Launcher from the Home Menu. If you want to keep your Haxchi title while also having CBHC, you'll need to buy another Haxchi-compatible game from the eShop and install Haxchi again on that title.
Before we start
- Make sure you have a working Haxchi installation
- Make sure your Haxchi title is on the Wii U's System Memory
- Make sure your Haxchi title was bought from the eShop
- Make sure you have removed all USB devices before proceeding
- Never uninstall the CBHC title
- Never reinstall the game you used for your CBHC title
- Never move the CBHC title to a USB drive
- Never delete the account NNID which purchased the CBHC title
- Never format your Wii U while CBHC is installed
- Never update or reinstall Haxchi while CBHC is installed
- Failing to follow these instructions will result in a brick
Instructions
- Download the latest release of Haxchi
- Extract the contents of the CBHC
.zip
to the root of your SD card - Insert the SD card into your Wii U
- Launch the Haxchi title to reboot into a patched sysNAND
- Launch the Homebrew Launcher from the Home Menu
- Optionally launch the Haxchi title again while holding A to launch the Homebrew Launcher
- Launch the CBHC installer
- Make sure you've read the Before we start section to avoid bricking
- Read the warning and then press A to install
- Once finished, you'll be kicked back to the Home Menu
- You can now reconnect any USB storage devices
- Reboot your Wii U
- Go down to Autoboot: Disabled and press A to enable autoboot
- Select Boot System Menu
- Reboot again to make sure everything works correctly
- Optional: Move your CBHC title to somewhre where it won't annoy you
You're done! I highly recommend to start blocking updates.


{% extends 'topbase.html' %} {% block main_content %}
Forgot password? Enter your email address below,
We’ll email you instructions for setting a new one.


{% load i18n horizon humanize %} {% block help_message %}
{% blocktrans trimmed %}The snapshot technologies currently supported are LVM for Linux and Volume Shadow Copy for Windows.{% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans trimmed %}For Linux, in order to use snapshot features, the data has to reside on an LVM volume.{% endblocktrans %}
{% endblock %}


My mistress has a name, its called Laravel
That’s right, I finally gave it a go and spent some time with my new mistress. I only played around with it for a few hours and I’m already blogging about it. That’s how cool it is. Laravel is a clean and classy framework for PHP web development. Freeing you from spaghetti code, Laravel helps you create wonderful applications using simple, expressive syntax. Development should be a creative experience that you enjoy, not something that is painful. Enjoy the fresh air.
That’s the description you’ll see the first time you get to the Laravel website. And I gotta say, they’re not trying to sell you anything, it is actually like that.
So here are my first impressions on it (be advised, I only spent a few hours with it so far).
Coming from other frameworks
You know I use Codeigniter on a daily basis, so I come from a framework that pretty much lets you do anything you like. You can even make your application only with controllers. But, that’s the only thing required for the framework to work. However in Laravel you can use it just with routes, no controllers required. That felt a little weird, I must say.
But that only showed me how powerful the routes actually are in Laravel.
The other thing I still find weird about Laravel is the Manual. The sidebar with parents with closed Childs just doesn’t work for me. I still think Codeigniter has the best Manual out there.
The things I’m loving so far
The Template system - Blade.
Well let me tell you, I’m loving this template system. First there’s the name Blade love it. It just works, and look how beautiful it is.
@if ( $message == 'success' )
It was a success!
@elseif ( $message == 'error' )
An error occurred.
@else
Did it work?
@endif
@foreach ($comments as $comment)
The comment body is .
@endforeach
No messy views for you!
Eloquent ORM
An ORM is an object-relational mapper, and Laravel has one that you will absolutely love to use. It is named “Eloquent” because it allows you to work with your database objects and relationships using an eloquent and expressive syntax. In general, you will define one Eloquent model for each table in your database.
Well the manual says it all. In Codeigniter I only used an object-relational mapper one time. I used PhpActiveRecord and it was great, but it was no Eloquent.
Next I’m going to play a bit with bundles, artisan and migrations. I have high expectations for those.
I’m not going into more detail for now specially because I need more time to play with it. But for now, what I can tell you is: Takes a bit to get used to some stuff (coming from another framework, if this is your first php framework you should be ok), and it has some awesomeness built in.
Loving the experience so far and that’s what really matters in the end of the day, right?


Various deviations were made upon completing the initial prototype build early in Senior Design II. Upon completion of the first batch of code and the first PCB, several issues were noted and resolved. The notes of such changes are listed in this section, along with commentary regarding the requisite changes. There were also several connections to the microcontroller that needed to be made that were not made. These connections were prescribed by the data sheet that were missed on the first rev. These changes were not necessary upon further inspection, but were recommended so it was decided to make them in board two. Along with the changes that were made according to the various microcontroller pins, there was also a mistake in the wiring from the Bluetooth module to the microcontroller, which was fixed rather quickly.
The schematic is shown as follows, which as discussed above has various deviations, most notably the removal of the various headers that were initially intended to supply the LED matrix, but it was decided after rev 1 to simply have the 5V supply directly feed the matrix. The schematic also includes the new level converter, which is valuable in converting the 3.3V to 5V quickly. This was initially a problem where the standard level converter with MOSFETs was giving us some issues, the TI solution rectified the problem immediately.
Lastly, the board layout reflects the changes in the schematic, the relative size remains the same while adding several features. The second Bluetooth module can be found under the first Bluetooth module, and the headers are removed from the perimeter of the board, making the overall size thinner.
Primarily, the major concern from a hardware standpoint was a problem with heat dissipation. In the first board rev, the decision was naively made to step the DC voltage down after regulation from 28VDC down to 6VDC. This was a bad choice, simply due to pure power dissipation in the regulator. As can be seen in the calculations made in the final presentation given for the conclusion of Senior Design II. The basic power calculations in the old rev lead to a dissipation of 11.4W, which results in a whopping 57 degree Celsius increase in temperature. This was far too hot, and actually led to regulator shutdowns as well as a scathingly hot regulator.
If I were to restart the project at this time, there are a few changes that could be changed in order to rectify several problems that we had as a team. First of all, the 5V power supply is strong enough to supply both the LED matrix as well as the micro and Bluetooth modules. In the current revision, it is set up so that the power supplies are separated and a 5V supply enters the supply separately through a completely different header. This problem could be simplified by just using the 5V header for everything. This also removes the heat problem of the regulator in the system. It actually removes the problem regulator entirely; the 3.3V and 1.2V regulator is more than enough.
Other problems that were addressed through the course of the semester that I would re implement include bypassing the board with the 5V supply for everything but level conversion. The board still needs the 5V for communication, but any power that runs to the LED matrix needs to run direct to the matrix.


Daesung's controversial building is undergoing deconstruction while the police plan to summon him for further investigation
by olmalBig Bang's Daesung's building which is amidst controversy regarding illegal business operations such as prostitution and drug trade, is currently under deconstruction.
On November 17, it was reported that all floors except the first and fourth floors are undergoing demolition. Some floors were already completely ripped out without any traces. His building has one basement level floor and is eight stories high. Allegedly five floors had illegal businesses and said establishments were closed after the police started investigation this past July.
As previously reported, the police have announced that they would be investigating for violations of health code laws, prostitution, drug usage, and more. So far, 45 individuals have been booked and 84 were interrogated. As Daesung was discharged from the military on November 10, the police plan to summon him as well for further investigation this month.


THE END OF THE AFFAIR A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1999 Steve Rhodes RATING (0 TO ****): * 1/2
"I felt nothing," the tragic female lead, Sarah Miles (Julianne Moore), says without visible emotion. "There was a stone where my heart should be."
The problem with writer/director Neil Jordan's remake of THE END OF THE AFFAIR, based on the Graham Greene novel, is that this could easily be said about the movie itself. Although Jordan attempts an old fashioned cinematic weeper, what he gets instead are talented actors reciting their lines with all of the fervor of someone reading the phonebook.
The camera studies the characters' faces in long close-ups, but they just look uncomfortable as if they were wearing hair shirt underwear. These pained expressions vary little, thus showing us how terminally unhappy everyone is.
Set just before, during and after World War II in England, the movie chronicles an affair between the morose Sarah and the equally melancholy Maurice Bendrix (Ralph Fiennes). He's a writer, and she's a wife, but not his. She shares a house and a loveless marriage with the dreadfully dull Henry Miles (Stephen Rea), a civil servant, who appears to be moving up in the government, not that anyone cares.
As the film opens in 1946, Maurice speaks to us in narration as he types, "This is a diary of hate." Whom he hates may come as a bit of a surprise, and in a movie as glacially slow as this one, having a small mystery to solve will help pass the time. There's another, more important mystery, but it is so easy to figure out that to say anything about it would give away its resolution.
After the opening, we flash back to when Maurice and Sarah first met. Although the labored acting and prose give little hint that they have the slightest romantic interest in each other, they are soon found dining tête-à-tête at a restaurant. "I'm in love with you," he says as matter-of-factly as though commenting on the quality of the veal. "Me too," she replies just as blandly. (The show keeps you waiting for an off-screen director to yell, "Cut!" and come on the screen to admonish his actors to show some emotional involvement in the material.)
And then there are the film's love scenes. Oh, they're quite explicit when it comes to clothing, but the actors keep their passions fully covered. They grope each other in all the right places, but their movements look more like posturing, as if they were paid models at a sculpturing class. Jordan tries to compensate by having the earth move for the couple, as most of their sex scenes take place as bombs fall outside their windows.
The only completely satisfactory part of the story concerns the private investigator, Mr. Parkis (Ian Hart), that Henry suggests Maurice hire for him since Henry suspects that his wife is having an affair. Maurice, whose affair with Sarah appears to have ended, decides that she must be seeing someone else so Maurice engages the detective himself. Once Maurice begins to see Sarah again, the detective ends up spying on his own client. And it gets even more complicated. Throughout, Ian Hart is absolutely delightful, stealing scenes left and right as a meticulous and awkwardly serious investigator.
Filmed in such dark, gloomy tones by Roger Pratt, the movie frequently causes people's faces to be indecipherable. Given the lack of variation in their expressions, this probably means the viewer misses little.
Even if the audience may not find the story particularly rewarding, one suspects that Greene found it cathartic. "Pain is easy to write about," the writer Maurice says, "but what can one write about happiness?"
One thing that can be said of the movie is that it makes marital infidelity seem so incredibly boring, sad and passionless that it makes a strong argument against adultery as not much fun and a complete waste of time. (Actually, everyone in the movie, married or not, appeared absolutely miserable, but that's another story.)
THE END OF THE AFFAIR runs 1:45. It is rated R for scenes of strong sexuality and would be acceptable for older teenagers.
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--- title: Pioneer Day Blooming date: 2010-07-21 00:00:00 -06:00 categories: - whats-blooming layout: post blog-banner: whats-blooming-now-summer.jpg post-date: July 21, 2010 post-time: 2:47 PM blog-image: wbn-default.jpg ---
The garden is still alive with blossoms. There isn't anywhere in the garden you won't find beautiful, interesting and fragrant blossoms.
Bear's Breeches Acanthus spinosus
You can see Bear's Breeches growing in the Rose Garden on the pathway around the wedding lawn.
Bottlebrush Buckeye Aesculus parviflora
This gorgeous shrub can be found hidden along the Fern Gully trail on the Floral Walk.
Double Delight Rose Rosa 'ANDeli'
This is one of the most fragrant roses I have found in the garden. Exposure to UV light stimulates the petals to turn red. Look for this unique rose along the south path in the Rose Garden.


Saturday night: I'm bored. I had previously had a remarkably intense trip on dxm polystyrex, although it had unpleasant consequences the following day. So I decided to do it right this time, looking for DXM HBr. I found it in Robotussin cough gels. I took all 20 pills each 15mg of DXM HBr over the course of an hour. I was feeling light headed, a buzz similar to being slightly drunk, so I decided to go out for more. While I drove to the gas station the effects started to become a bit more intense, I felt one second like I was almost floating, and another second like I was walking on Jupiter, making it difficult to cover-up my condition as I walked into the gas station.
I saw a bottle of Tussin DM but it had Guaifenesin so I also picked up some Dramamine and No Doz so I wouldn't fall asleep and miss the trip. I took 150 mg of Dramamine, and chased it by drinking about 1/3 of the bottle of tussin, and chased that with 400 mg of No-Doz. I started really tripping after that. I was delerious and I decided to take 200 mg more of Dramamine and 800 mg of No-Doz to intensify the high. I should have taken more No-Doz, cause I ended up falling asleep before I planned. I was lying down on my bed entranced by music visualizations on the computer for about an hour, and the room felt like it was spinning and I was overwhelmed with euphoria.
I plan on repeating this some time by taking dimenhydrinate instead of dimenhydrinate in the future, along with more dxm to produce more intense visuals, and of course pot would have made the trip much better, but then again, pot makes EVERYTHING better. haha
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Adding a New Object or Folder
You can add new objects or folders by many different methods. A folder is just another type of object, but there are special commands for adding folders because they are slightly different from regular objects.
Adding Objects
To add a new object, you can do one of the following:
You will see the New Object dialog, which will ask you for the name and class of the new object. You can also specify the location for the new object in the Location dropdown, which defaults to the currently selected object, or the object you right clicked on. Click on OK or hit Enter and the new object will be added to your file. See the New Object Dialog for more information.
Adding Folders
To add a new folder, you can do one of the following:
In the New Folder dialog you can specify the class of objects the folder will contain by default, by selecting the class from the Contents list. See the New Folder Dialog for more information.
Contents View
Another way to add a new object is through the Contents View. The last row of the Contents View has a triangle next to it - this is the new object row. You can click on a cell in this row and start typing a value. When you hit Enter, Tab, or an arrow key, a new object will be created. See the Contents View for more information.
Changing Class
If you add an object and realize that it is not the right class, you can easily change the class of the object by right clicking on it and selecting Change Class.... See the Change Class topic for more information.


Welcome to the MSAL.js Angular Quickstart!
This sample demonstrates how to configure MSAL Angular to login, logout, protect a route, and acquire an access token for a protected resource such as the Microsoft Graph.
{{href}}
{{hostname}}
{{protocol}}
{{port}}
{{redirectUrl}}


Centers of Excellence in Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research
EPA Grant Number: R826709Center: CECEHDPR - University of California at Berkeley
Center Director: ,
Title: Centers of Excellence in Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research
Investigators: Eskenazi, Brenda
Institution: University of California - Berkeley
EPA Project Officer: Callan, Richard
Project Period: August 1, 1998 through July 31, 2003
Project Amount: $2,830,746
RFA: Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research (1998) RFA Text | Recipients Lists
Research Category: Children's Health , Health Effects , Human Health , Health
Objective:
The goal of this Center is to establish a forum for the multi-disciplinary approach to understand and reduce the environmental health risks of children. This Center is a joint partnership between the University, the local and State health departments, community clinics, and our community organization, South County Outreach Effort (SCORE). We have brought together a diverse team of specialists representing many disciplines to address the special environmental issues of children.
For this proposal, we have focused on the environmental risks of a largely understudied population of latino farmworkers in Salinas Valley in Monterey County, California. California, with the largest agricultural output of the 50 states, uses 25% of the national total (over 210 million pounds) of pesticides annually, with over 725,000 pounds of organophosphate (OP) pesticides used in the Salinas Valley alone. Furthermore, approximately I million California residents are farmworkers, with Monterey County leading the numbers.
Recently, several studies have demonstrated pesticide contamination in children's homes from agricultural areas. It is estimated that 20-60% of children aged l to 5 years may be exposed to unsafe levels of OP pesticides. Nevertheless, to date, few studies have assessed the extent of children's pesticide exposure, and no studies have examined whether there are adverse health effects of low-level chronic exposure. Farmworker children are exposed by the usual pathways i.e., by ingestion of contaminated foods and from home pest control, as well as through pesticide drift from nearby fields and from the take-home exposures of their parents. Studying this high risk population, we can ascertain whether chronic, low-level exposures may be potentially hazardous.
We will interview and bank biologic and environmental samples from a cohort of 550 pregnant women and their children, who will be followed for 3 years. Our specific aims are: 1) to estimate levels of in utero and postnatal exposures of the child by measuring biologic and ambient samples; 2) to determine whether exposure to pesticides is associated with adverse effects on neurodevelopment and growth, and increased respiratory disease including asthma; and 3) to initiate and evaluate the impact of a 'Healthy Homes' intervention on the reduction of pesticide exposure to children. Our ultimate goal is to translate research findings into a reduction of pesticide exposure to children, and to reduce the incidence of environmentally related childhood disease.
Journal Articles: 7 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
| Other center views: | All 109 publications | 7 publications in selected types | All 7 journal articles |
|---|
| Type | Citation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Bradman A, Eskenazi B, Sutton P, Athanasoulis M, Goldman LR. Iron deficiency associated with higher blood lead in children living in contaminated environments. Environmental Health Perspectives 2001;109(10):1079-1084. |
R826709 (2001) R826709 (2002) |
Exit Exit |
|
|
Castorina R, Bradman A, McKone TE, Barr DB, Harnly ME, Eskenazi B. Cumulative organophosphate pesticide exposure and risk assessment among pregnant women living in an agricultural community: a case study from the CHAMACOS cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(13):1640-1648. |
R826709 (2001) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
|
|
|
Eskenazi B, Bradman A, Castorina R. Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects. Environmental Health Perspectives 1999;107(Suppl 3):409-419. |
R826709 (2001) R826709 (2002) R826709C001 (1999) R826709C001 (2000) R826709C002 (1999) R826709C002 (2000) R826709C003 (1999) R826709C003 (2000) |
Exit |
|
|
Eskenazi B, Bradman A. Longitudinal investigation of pesticides and allergen exposures to children living in agricultural communities in California. Urban Health and Development Bulletin 2001;4(2):33-44. |
R826709 (2001) R826709 (2002) |
not available |
|
|
Eskenazi B, Bradman A, Gladstone EA, Jaramillo S, Birch K, Holland N. CHAMACOS, a longitudinal birth cohort study:lessons from the fields. Journal of Children's Health 2003;1(1):3-27. |
R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit |
|
|
Harley K, Eskenazi B, Block G. The association of time in the US and diet during pregnancy in low-income women of Mexican descent. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2005;19(2):125-134. |
R826709 (2001) R826709 (2002) R831710 (2004) R831710 (2005) R831710 (Final) R831710C001 (2004) |
Exit |
|
|
Holland NT, Smith MT, Eskenazi B, Bastaki M. Biological sample collection and processing for molecular epidemiological studies. Mutation Research-Reviews in Mutation Research 2003;543(3):217-234. |
R826709 (2001) R826709 (2002) R831710 (Final) |
Exit Exit Exit |
Supplemental Keywords:
RFA, Health, Scientific Discipline, Geographic Area, Water, Health Risk Assessment, Epidemiology, State, Risk Assessments, Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Children's Health, Ecological Risk Assessment, Mercury, health effects, pesticide exposure, risk, risk assessment, developmental neurotoxicology, farmworkers, environmental health, community-based intervention, prenatal exposure, developmental neurotoxicity, age-related differences, environmental risks, pesticides, epidemelogy, latino, neurodevelopment, children, Human Health Risk Assessment, neurotoxicity, human exposure, insecticides, children's vulnerablity, neurodevelopmental toxicity, harmful environmental agents, epidemeology, neurobehavioral effects, environmental health hazard, children's environmental health, dietary exposure, growth & development, pregnancy, California (CA), agricultural community, biomedical research, developmental disorders, exposure assessment, human health riskProgress and Final Reports:
2001 Progress Report2002 Progress Report
Subprojects under this Center: (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R826709C001 Community Based Intervention to Reduce Pesticide Exposures to Young Children
R826709C002 The Epidemiological Investigation of the Effects of Pesticide Exposure on Neurodevelopmental, Growth, and Respiratory Health of Farmworker Children
R826709C003 A Comprehensive Assessment of Sources of Pesticide Contamination, Concentrations in Pathways, and Exposure-prone Behavior


{% extends THEME_TEMPLATE %} {% block title %}500 Internal Server Error{% endblock %} {% block content %}
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This server, like all other web servers, logs the IP addresses of all computers that interact with it. This information is recorded for purely diagnostic and security purposes.
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To allow others to email you while still remaining anonymous yourself, enter your email address into the “Contact email” box when writing a confession. When posted, your confession will include an @ucsantacruzconfessions.com address. Any emails sent to this address will be relayed to you.
If you respond to any of these emails, you will no longer be anonymous and whoever you responded to will now see your real email address. The relay service is provided only so you can selectively decide who to make first contact with; it is not an anonymous chat service. On that same token, anyone sending emails to @ucsantacruzconfessions.com addresses will not be anonymous either.
Your relay will expire after 14 days. This is for two reasons:
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Extensions or file types of original source material to serve as static (serve original file).
Valid options are .mkv, .mpeg, .avi, .asf, .wmv, .mp4, .m2ts, .ts, .ogv, .m4v, .webm.
This setting is here for quick testing iteration it’s not going to be a permanent fixture.


@* * This template takes a single argument, a String containing a * message to display. *@ @import Persistence.Domain.Movie @(movies: Seq[Movie]) @* * Call the `main` template with two arguments. The first * argument is a `String` with the title of the page, the second * argument is an `Html` object containing the body of the page. *@ @main("Search results") { @* * Get an `Html` object by calling the built-in Play welcome * template and passing a `String` message. *@


Stock markets tread water as all quiet on trade war front
LONDON, Nov 29 — Stock traders found little to get the pulse racing today as the trade war front was eerily quiet and Thanksgiving sapped global trading volumes.
“It’s been quite the forgettable week and I don’t think today is going to be any more memorable,” said Craig Erlam, Senior Market Analyst at Oanda Europe.
With an almost empty economics schedule, markets were left with only the US-China trade conflict to trade on, as so often in recent weeks and months, he said.
“Let’s face it, a deal is hardly looking likely at this point,” he said, predicting that markets were therefore headed for a “dull” December.
European stocks markets were trading mildly higher, except for London which slipped in response to a stronger pound which was boosted by expectations that Britain’s ruling Conservatives will win next month’s general election.
This would likely allow Prime Minister Boris Johnson to push through his Brexit agreement and avoid a no-deal divorce from the European Union.
Wall Street fell lower as traders returned after a Thanksgiving holiday.
Daimler skids
US President Donald Trump’s decision to sign a bill in support of pro-democracy protesters in Hong Kong and back their rights has sparked warnings of retaliation from Beijing and fuelled fears for negotiations on a mini trade deal that are in their final straight.
However, China has not detailed what its response to the Hong Kong law will be and observers say it is unlikely to do anything to derail a tariffs agreement owing to its weakening economy.
“China’s threats to retaliate over the US Hong Kong law will probably remain just that; threats,” said Jeffrey Halley, also at Oanda.
“China has its own issues, especially around corporate debt and regional bank credit quality. It can ill-afford to waste any progress so far. Pragmatism should overcome anger.”
On the corporate front, shares in Daimler dropped on the Frankfurt bourse as the German luxury automaker said it would slash at least 10,000 jobs worldwide in a major cost-cutting drive to help finance the switch to electric cars.
Shares in UK online supermarket Ocado surged after the company announced a deal to provide artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities to Japanese retail giant Aeon.
What little economic figures there were to trade on, data showed inflation in the eurozone rose to 1.0 per cent, higher than analysts’ projections but still lagging under the weight of trade tensions.
Key figures around 1440 GMT
London – FTSE 100: DOWN 0.5 per cent at 7,382.31 points
Frankfurt – DAX 30: UP 0.2 per cent at 13,268.51
Paris – CAC 40: UP 0.1 per cent at 5,916.43
EURO STOXX 50: UP 0.2 per cent at 3,711.76
New York – Dow Jones: DOWN 0.3 per cent at 28,097.52
Tokyo – Nikkei 225: DOWN 0.5 per cent at 23,293.91 (close)
Hong Kong – Hang Seng: DOWN 2.0 per cent at 26,346.49 (close)
Shanghai – Composite: DOWN 0.6 per cent at 2,871.98 (close)
Euro/dollar: DOWN at US$1.0995 from US$1.1009
Pound/dollar: DOWN at US$1.2889 from US$1.2912
Euro/pound: UP at 85.29 pence from 85.27
Dollar/yen: UP at 109.60 yen from 109.51
Brent North Sea crude: DOWN 1.7 per cent at US$62.19 per barrel
West Texas Intermediate: DOWN 1.7 per cent at US$57.06
— AFP


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This plugin provides a way to spell characters from a string and present it to the user. Call it on the element which contains the code and that's it. If you have your own way of representing the spellified code. Just set the getTabulatedResult option to false and it will return an array of the spellified code.
//to get tabulated result var codeOuput = $("#code").spellMe({ className: "table table-bordered", target: "#result", getTabulatedResult: true }); //to store output in a variable var codeOuput = $("#code").spellMe({ getTabulatedResult: false }).returnWords();
Result:


Owning Palette: LabPack
Requires: LabPack
Use the Reader VIs to more explicitly decode MessagePack data to LabVIEW types.
| Palette Object | Description |
|---|---|
| Begin | Starts the internal decoder. |
| Begin Array | Starts reading an array. |
| Begin Bin | Starts reading an binary blob. |
| Begin Str | Starts reading a string. |
| Create | Creates an object of the Reader class. |
| Create Reference | Creates a Data Value Reference (DVR). |
| Destroy | Destroys a Reader class object. |
| Destroy Reference | Destroys a Data Value Reference (DVR) of a Reader class object. |
| End | Finishes decoding MessagePack data. |
| End Array | Finishes reading an array. |
| End Bin | Finishes reading a binary blob. |
| End Map | Finishes reading a map. |
| End Str | Finishes reading a string. |
| Read Bin | Reads and decodes a binary blob. |
| Read Bool | Reads and decodes a boolean. |
| Read Bytes | Reads bytes from the internal decoder's buffer. |
| Read Double | Reads and decodes a double-precision (8-byte) floating point number. |
| Read False | Reads and decodes a False boolean. |
| Read Float | Reads and decodes a single-precision (4-byte) floating point number. |
| Read I8 | Reads and decodes a signed 8-bit integer. |
| Read I16 | Reads and decodes a signed 16-bit integer. |
| Read I32 | Reads and decodes a signed 32-bit integer. |
| Read I64 | Reads and decodes a signed 64-bit integer. |
| Read Int | Reads and decodes a signed integer. |
| Read Is Error | Checks if the internal decoder has an error. |
| Read Is OK | Checks if the internal decoder is OK. |
| Read Nil | Reads and decodes a Nil value. |
| Read Status | Gets the latest status of the internal decoder. |
| Read Status Message | Gets the latest status message of the internal decoder. |
| Read Str | Reads and decodes a string. |
| Read True | Reads and decodes a True boolean. |
| Read U8 | Reads and decodes an unsigned 8-bit integer. |
| Read U16 | Reads and decodes an unsigned 16-bit integer. |
| Read U32 | Reads and decodes an unsigned 32-bit integer. |
| Read U64 | Reads and decodes an unsigned 64-bit integer. |
| Read Uint | Reads and decodes an unsigned integer. |


{%extends 'base.html'%} {% load static%} {% block content %} {{block.super}}
{% if images%}Picsabay is a vibrant community of creatives, sharing copyright free images and videos. All contents are released under the Pixabay License, which makes them safe to use without asking for permission or giving credit to the artist - even for commercial purposes. Learn more...


Create a functionthat converts Celsius degrees toFahrenheit. The formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit isF= C 9/5 + 32.
In the previous exercises you used the interactive Udemy interface to write your code.For this exercise, please use your computertools (Python, editor, terminal,etc.). This will help you get used with Python in a real environment.
Once you are done check your solution against my solution which islocatedin the next lecture. Don't worry if your solution is not exactly the same as mine. As far as the solutions generate the same output, your solution is most likely correct.


|
Drake
|
This class is one of the cache entries in MultibodyTreeContext. More...
#include <drake/multibody/tree/articulated_body_inertia_cache.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| ArticulatedBodyInertiaCache (const MultibodyTreeTopology &topology) | |
| Constructs an articulated body cache entry for the given MultibodyTreeTopology. More... | |
| const ArticulatedBodyInertia< T > & | get_Pplus_PB_W (BodyNodeIndex body_node_index) const |
Articulated body inertia Pplus_PB_W , which can be thought of as the articulated body inertia of parent body P as though it were inertialess, but taken about Bo and expressed in W. More... | |
| ArticulatedBodyInertia< T > & | get_mutable_Pplus_PB_W (BodyNodeIndex body_node_index) |
| Mutable version of get_Pplus_PB_W(). More... | |
Implements CopyConstructible, CopyAssignable, MoveConstructible, MoveAssignable | |
| ArticulatedBodyInertiaCache (const ArticulatedBodyInertiaCache &)=default | |
| ArticulatedBodyInertiaCache & | operator= (const ArticulatedBodyInertiaCache &)=default |
| ArticulatedBodyInertiaCache (ArticulatedBodyInertiaCache &&)=default | |
| ArticulatedBodyInertiaCache & | operator= (ArticulatedBodyInertiaCache &&)=default |
This class is one of the cache entries in MultibodyTreeContext.
It holds the results of computations that are used in the recursive implementation of the articulated body algorithm.
Articulated body inertia cache entries include:
Pplus_PB_W
, which can be thought of as the articulated body inertia of parent body P as though it were inertialess, but taken about Bo and expressed in W.| T | The mathematical type of the context, which must be a valid Eigen scalar. |
Instantiated templates for the following kinds of T's are provided:
They are already available to link against in the containing library.
|
default |
|
default |
|
inlineexplicit |
Constructs an articulated body cache entry for the given MultibodyTreeTopology.
|
inline |
Mutable version of get_Pplus_PB_W().
|
inline |
Articulated body inertia Pplus_PB_W
, which can be thought of as the articulated body inertia of parent body P as though it were inertialess, but taken about Bo and expressed in W.
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default |
|
default |


Isaac Bythewood
I am a software engineer located in Morganton, NC
{% block yield %}{% endblock %}
{% include "analytics.html" %}


The original image is on the left and the modified image is on the right.
Public domain image courtesy of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.


Policies.TakeFixedArm module¶
TakeFixedArm: always select a fixed arm. This is the perfect static policy if armIndex = bestArmIndex (not realistic, for test only).
-
class
Policies.TakeFixedArm.
TakeFixedArm
(nbArms, armIndex=None, lower=0.0, amplitude=1.0)[source]¶ Bases:
Policies.BasePolicy.BasePolicy
TakeFixedArm: always select a fixed arm. This is the perfect static policy if armIndex = bestArmIndex (not realistic, for test only).
-
nbArms
= None¶ Number of arms
-
armIndex
= None¶ Fixed arm
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__module__
= 'Policies.TakeFixedArm'¶
-


WITNESS LIST
Elections Committee
September 12, 2019 - 9:00 AM
Countywide Voting
On:
Bearden, Chase (Coalition of Texans with Disabilities)
Chatmon, Tequila (Self; Deeds Not Words)
Eby, Emily (Self; Texas Civil Rights Project)
Ely, William (Self)
Hidalgo, Lina (Harris County)
Hudman, Joyce (Brazoria County Clerk's Office)
Ingram, Keith (Texas Secretary of State)
Korkmas, Thomas (Self)
Lozano, Ali (Texas Civil Rights Project)
Maxey, Glen (Texas Democratic Party)
Menendez, Fatima (MALDEF)
Moore, Kenneth (Self)
Patel, Pankti (Self)
Pritzker, Suzanne (Self)
Richter, Cindy (Wharton County Elections Office)
Rivera, Sean (Self)
Saldivar, Edgar (ACLU of Texas)
Sanders, Vincent (Precinct Chair)
Schechter, Lillie (Harris County Democratic Party)
Simpson, Paul (Harris County Republican Party)
Stevens, Beth (Self; Texas Civil Rights Project)
Trautman, Diane (Harris County Clerk's Office)
Vera, Alan (Harris County Republican Party Ballot Security Committee)
Weatherby, Cinde (League of Women Voters of Texas)
Wilson, William (Self)
Winn, Michael (Harris County Clerk's Office)
1


Before Change
Waits until VM is has booted.
// Test for listening on the port first, because this will happen strictly
// first.
if (FLAGS.cluster_boot_test_port_listening and
self.port_listening_time is None):
self.TestConnectRemoteAccessPort()
self.port_listening_time = time.time()
// Always wait for remote host command to succeed, because it is necessary to
// run benchmarks.
stdout, _ = self.RemoteCommand("hostname", suppress_warning=True)
if self.bootable_time is None:
self.bootable_time = time.time()
if self.hostname is None:
After Change
Waits until VM is has booted.
to_wait_for = [self._WaitForWinRmCommand]
if FLAGS.cluster_boot_test_rdp_port_listening:
to_wait_for.append(self._WaitForRdpPort)
vm_util.RunParallelThreads([(method, [], {}) for method in to_wait_for], 2)
@vm_util.Retry(log_errors=False, poll_interval=1, timeout=2400)
def _WaitForRdpPort(self):


{# navbar.html #} {# The menu bar seen on all pages #} {% load static %} FLOM Floor 3 Floor 4 About Room Usage Logout


--- title: MAEMOD Research Software Engineering layout: page show_sidebar: false ---
- Develop and Maintain Robust Mathematical Models: A key part of our team's role are to create, enhance, and maintain mathematical models to simulate the spread of infectious diseases.
- Foster Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration: Encourage collaboration between the research software engineering team, the mathematical modeling team, and other relevant teams such as epidemiologists or biostatisticians.
- Continuously Improve and Update Tools and Techniques: Keep up with the latest advancements in software engineering, mathematical modeling, and tropical medicine. Implement these advancements into our works to ensure that our team remains at the cutting edge of the field.
- Promote Open Science and Reproducibility: Ensure that all code and models produced are well-documented and reproducible.
- Support Grant Applications and Fundraising: Collaborate with other members of the research unit to write technical sections of grant applications, demonstrating the value of software and models developed by MORU.
- User Training and Support: Provide training and ongoing support for users of software developed/applied within the research unit.


Why sit back and just relax, when you can experience something new every day at our resort!
We have some great activities to choose from, such as:
- Snorkeling
- Skiing
- Spelunking
- Sword Fighting
- Sky Diving
- Anything else interesting that starts with an "s"*
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