Chapter 7 Some Continuous Distributions
So far we had only seen discrete distributions which only specific values have positive probability values. Now we are going to see continuous variables where each real value defined in the domain of the distribution has a positive probability.
In this class we are going to see uniform, exponential, normal, gamma and weibull distributions. Of those, we will see uniform, exponential and normal distributions in detail.
7.1 Uniform Distribution
Given an interval \([a,b]\), each value within the interval has equal probability in uniform distribution.
\[X \sim U[a,b]\]
Density: \(f(X) = \dfrac{1}{b-a}\)
CDF: \(F(X \le x) = \dfrac{x-a}{b-a}\)
\(E[X] = (b+a)/2\)
\(V(X) = 1/12(b-a)^2\)
the_seq <- seq(-5,5,length.out=1000)
ggplot(data=data.frame(the_seq),aes(x=the_seq)) +
stat_function(fun=dunif,args=list(min=-5,max=5),color="blue")
Example: Suppose there is a lecture that can end anytime between 11:00 and 13:00. What is the probability that it ends before 12:30?
Solution: There are 120 minutes betweeen 11:00 (a) and 13:00 (b) and 90 minutes between 11:00 (a) and 12:30 (x).
\[P(X \le 90) = 90/120 = 3/4\]
7.2 Exponential Distribution
Exponential distribution is generally used to measure time before an event happens. Common examples are component (i.e. light bulb) lifetime and job processing (i.e. queue serving). It is closely related to Poisson distribution. While Poisson is used to estimate number of events in a given time period, Exponential distribution estimates the time of an event.
Density: \(f(X) = \lambda e^{-\lambda x}\)
CDF: \(F(X \le x) = 1 - e^{-\lambda x}\)
\(E[X] = 1/\lambda\)
\(V(X) = 1/\lambda^2\)
Exponential distribution has memoryless property.
\[P(X > t + s | X > t) = \dfrac{P(X > t + s)}{P(X > t)} = \dfrac{e^{-\lambda (t+s)}}{e^{-\lambda t}} = e^{-\lambda s}\]
Note: Exponential distribution is frequently used in maintenance themed questions (e.g. “A machine breaks down…”). Though, memoryless property in exponential distribution might seem a bit off as it kind of assumes replenished starting point and no “wear and tear effect”. Don’t forget these are mathematical questions and applications might differ.
the_seq <- seq(0,5,length.out=1000)
ggplot(data=data.frame(x=the_seq),aes(x=x)) +
stat_function(fun=dexp,color="blue") +
stat_function(fun=dexp,args=list(rate=0.5),color="red") +
stat_function(fun=dexp,args=list(rate=2),color="purple")
Example: Lifetime of a bulb is expected to be 10,000 hours, estimated with exponential distribution. What is the probability that the bulb will fail in the first 3,000 hours?
\[\lambda = 1/10^5\]
\[P(X < 3,000) = 1 - e^{-\lambda x} = 1 - e^{- 10^{-5}*3*10^3} = 0.0296\]
Example: Using the same properties of the question above, what is the probability that the bulb will last more than 7,000 hours if it didn’t fail in the first 5,000 hours?
From memoryless property.
\[P(X > 7000 | X > 5000) = P(X > 5000 + 2000)/P(X>5000) = P(X > 2000) = e^{-\lambda x} = 0.9801987\]
7.3 Normal Distribution
It is the most popular continuous distribution with uniform distribution and it has many applications. Also several discrete and continuous distributions (i.e. Binomial, t and chi-squared) converge to normal distribution when data size increases. It is also called Gaussian distribution. Many miscalculations or failed prediction happen because people approximate empirical distributions to normal distribution. It has two main parameters mean (location) \(\mu\) and standard deviation (scale) \(\sigma\).
\[X \sim N(\mu,\sigma)\]
Density: \(f(X) = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}\sigma}e^{-\dfrac{1}{2\sigma^2}(x-\mu)^2}\)
\(E[X] = \mu\)
\(V(X) = \sigma^2\)
If \(X \sim N(0,1)\), it is called standard normal distribution.
the_seq <- seq(-5,5,length.out=1000)
ggplot(data=data.frame(x=the_seq),aes(x=x)) +
stat_function(fun=dnorm,color="blue") +
stat_function(fun=dnorm,args=list(sd=2),color="red") +
stat_function(fun=dnorm,args=list(mean=-2),color="purple")
7.3.1 Standard Normal Distribution
Standard Normal Distribution is a special case of normal distribution with mean (\(\mu\)) 0 and standard deviation (\(\sigma\)) 1 \(X ~ N(0,1)\). Probability calculations in normal distribution is usually done with converting the parameters to standard normal parameters and finding the probabilities from the standard normal table (or z-table). Conversion to standard normal is done as follows. (You can find the z-table on course website.)
\[\dfrac{X-\mu}{\sigma}\]
Example: In a population height of the individuals are normally distributed with mean 170cm and standard deviation 5cm. What is the probability of a randomly selected person’s height is 160cm or lower?
Solution: \(P(X < 160; \mu = 170, \sigma = 5) = P(X < \dfrac{160 - 170}{5}) = \phi(-2) = 0.0228\).
7.4 Gamma Distribution
First, let’s define the gamma function.
\[\Gamma(n) = \int_0^\infty x^{n-1}e^{-x}dx\]
By extensions there are some interesting properties.
\[\Gamma(n) = (n-1)\Gamma(n-1)\]
If n is a positive integer then \[\Gamma(n) = (n-1)!\].
You can use Gamma Distribution in reliability calculations with multiple components.
Density: \(f(X) = \dfrac{\lambda}{\Gamma(r)}(\lambda x)^{r-1} e^{-\lambda x}, x > 0\).
\(E[X] = r/\lambda\)
\(V(X) = r/\lambda^2\)
Exponential distribution is a special case of Gamma distribution with \(r=1\).
7.5 Weibull Distribution
Some application of Weibull distribution are to estimate the time for failure in multi component electrical or mechanical systems, and modelling wind speed.
Density: \(f(X) = \dfrac{\beta}{\delta}\left(\dfrac{x - \gamma}{\delta}\right)^{\beta-1} e^{-\left(\dfrac{x - \gamma}{\delta}\right)^\beta}\).
CDF: \(F(X) = 1 - e^{-\left(\dfrac{x - \gamma}{\delta}\right)^\beta}\)
\(E[X] = \gamma + \delta \Gamma(1 + 1/\beta)\)
\(V(X) = \delta^2\left[\Gamma\left(1+\dfrac{2}{\beta}\right) - \left[\Gamma\left(1 + \dfrac{1}{\beta}\right)\right]^2 \right]\)
7.6 R Functions
R has predefined functions for virtually all distributions. Just write ?Distributions
to the console.
7.7 Mini In-Class Exercises
These exercises are at will attempt questions. They will not be graded, you will not turn in any submission.
Waiters in Çengelköy Çınaraltı Cafe, goes on a tea serving tour every 5 minutes. What is the probability that a newly arrived customer waits between 2 and 3 minutes?
The waiting time at Çengelköy Börekçisi queue is exponentially distributed with a mean of 10 minutes. What is the probability that a customer would wait less than 8 minutes?
Suppose Z is a standard normal distributed random variable (\(Z ~ N(0,1)\)).
- \(P(-0.2 \le Z \le 0.4) = ?\)
- If \(P(Z < k) = 0.0987\) what is \(k\)?
- If \(P(|Z| < k) = 0.95\) what is \(k\)?
7.8 Chapter Exercises
Two friends (A and B) agree to meet on 4:00 PM. A usually arrives between 5 minutes early and 5 minutes late. B usually arrives between 5 minutes early and 15 minutes late. Their times of arrival are independent from each other.
- What is the probability that B arrives definitely later than A?
- In terms of expected values, for how many minutes does A come earlier than B?
- What is the probability that both meet early?
a) \(P(B > 5) = \dfrac{5 - (-5)}{15 - (-5)} = 1/2\)
b) \(E[B] - E[A] = 5 - 0 = 5\)
c) \(P(B < 0, A < 0) = P(B < 0) P(A < 0) = 5/20 * 5/10 = 1/8\)
- There are three computers, which provide answers to questions with speed according to exponential distribution with means (\(1/\lambda\)) 6, 4 and 3 per hour, respectively. What is the probability that at least one machine provides an answer within the first hour?
\[P(X < x) = 1 - e^{-\lambda x}\]
\[P(X > x) = e^{-\lambda x}\]
The solution is 1 - no machine provides an answer within the hour \(1 - P(X_1 > 1, X_2 > 1, X_3 > 1)\).
\[1 - P(X_1 > 1, X_2 > 1, X_3 > 1) = 1 - e^{-\lambda_1 - \lambda_2 - \lambda_3}\]
## [1] 2.260329e-06
- Time between customer arrivals in a cafe is exponential with the mean value of 6 minutes.
- What is the probability that no customers arrive in 15 minutes?
\(P(X>15) = 1 - P(X < 15) = 1 - (1 - e^{-\lambda x}) = e^{-15/6} = 0.08\)
- What is the inter-arrival time if the probability of a customer to arrive is 0.9?
\(P(X > t) = e^{-t/6} = 0.1\), then \(t = 13.81\).
- What is the probability that 10 customers arrive in the first hour?
\(\lambda * t = 1/6 * 60 = 10\)
\(P(X=10) = \dfrac{e^{-\lambda *t}(\lambda t)^10}{10!} = 0.125\).
- What is the probability of getting the first customer in 15 minutes if no customer arrived in the first 10 minutes?
\(P(X < 15 | X > 10) = 1 - P(X > 15 | X > 10) = 1 - P(X > 5) = 1 - e^{-5/6} = 0.565\) (memoryless property)
Hint: Check the relationship between Poisson and Exponential distributions.
A pack of flour contains 1 kg of flour. Though a flour pouring machine has a standard deviation of 50 gr.
- What is the probability that a randomly selected package contains between 925-1075 grams of flour?
- If a proper flour package should contain between 1000-x and 1000+x grams of flour, what should x be that 80% of the packages are deemed proper?
- Your customer strictly declared that 95% of the packages should contain at least 1000 grams of flour, so you should adjust the mean value. What should be the new mean value?
We have \(\mu = 1000,\ \sigma = 50\). Define \(\Phi(.)\) as the cdf of the standard normal distribution.
- \(\Phi(\dfrac{1075-1000}{50})-\Phi(\dfrac{925-1000}{50})\)
- Find an x that \(\Phi(\dfrac{1075-1000}{50})-\Phi(\dfrac{925-1000}{50}) = 0.8\) approximately. The answer is more like how many standard deviations. We can find it by searching for a quantile of \(\alpha=(1-0.8)/2 = 0.1\). Then find the \(y\) \(\Phi(y)=1-\alpha\). \(y = 1.282\) so reverse the procedure from standard normal to N(\(\mu = 1000,\ \sigma = 50\)) by \(y * \sigma\) to find \(x\).
- Your \(\Phi(\dfrac{1000 - \mu}{50}) = 0.05\). The quantile value for 0.05 is -1.645. So, 1000 - 50*(-1.645) = 1082.25.
## [1] 0.8663856
## [1] 64.07758
## [1] 1082.243
There are two different roads to get to Sarıyer. Road A takes 35 minutes on average with standard deviation 5 minutes. Road B takes 32 minutes on average with standard deviation 8 minutes.
- Which road has the higher advantage if one wants to reach Sarıyer in 42 minutes?
- What is the maximum time of arrival with 90% probability? Calculate for each road.
a) For Road A it will take 42 minutes or less with probability \(\Phi(\dfrac{42-35}{5}) = \Phi(1.4) = 0.92\). For Road B, \(\Phi(\dfrac{42-32}{8}) = \Phi(1.4) = 0.89\). Take Road A. b) It is the quantile value of \(\alpha = 0.9\). Then we need to find \(\Phi^{-1}(\alpha) = 1.28 = \dfrac{x-\mu}{\sigma}\). For Road A \(1.28*5 + 35 = 41.4\), B \(1.28*8 + 32 = 42.2\).
Note: b is phrased weakly. It is also possible to understand it as a probability interval as the probability of an event occurring in normal distribution happens in intervals (i.e. originates from mu). In that case the quantile max value is \(\Phi^{-1}(0.95)=1.64\) as there should be 5% slack at each side of the distribution.


Hi,
I had a Efergy CT sensor from the efergy E2 sensor (http://efergy.com/us/products/e2-classic-elink-software) and also an emonTx V3 node I bought from the store here. Can I use the sensor from Efergy E2? I did some reading on this site and it looks like because of the CTTurnRatio is different between the efergy CT sensor and YHDC SCT-013-000 CT sensor, therefore the burden resistor should different? The efergy is already hooked up on my main line so I'd like to make it work if it is possible.
Anyone can advise?
Best,
Ben
Re: Using Efergy CT Sensor with EmonTx V3
Yes. Don't use the Efergy CT. The Efergy system appears to work on totally different principles to ours and there are components inside the CT that will distort the waveform and give you totally wrong readings. If you wish, it's fairly easy to modify and rectify the problem, but you'll then need to make measurements yourself to determine the correct burden resistor value and calibration constant. I might be able to help if your CT is the same as the one I measured and tested (a dark grey case with a white lead and 3.5 mm 'stereo' jack - I believe there are at least 2 versions).
This thread shows the type I measured and the internal components.
Re: Using Efergy CT Sensor with EmonTx V3
Hi Robert,
Thanks for the reply. I believe mine is a different one from what you tested. See this link from efergy: http://efergy.com/us/products/accessories/xl-jackplug-sensor#.U-4YWPldV8E
I am fairly new to the energy measurement and might be not quite familiar with the hardware as you do.  (At least that's what I read from one of the article here) If that's the case, if I need to adjust the burden resistor, then I have to modify the emonTx board?
Re: Using Efergy CT Sensor with EmonTx V3
Your link is 404, so I don't know what you have. If you have the white one with the 2.5 mm plug, then from the photo on the UK site it looks as if there is a "saddle" holding the core in place, and when you open it, you'll be able to push a couple of clips in on each side, the saddle will slide out and the core and bobbin with a small pcb attached will follow, with a gentle push on the cable (all non-destructively!). You'll then be able to see what is in there.
The burden resistor is indeed on the emonTx pcb. It's a surface mount component, but there are adjacent holes for a wire-ended resistor, so it would be a case of removing the SMT one and substituting a wire-ended one of the correct value. If you look at the photo here, the burden is the large resistor immediately next to the jack sockets.
If you're unsure, then if our standard 100 A YHDC ct will fit over your fatter US cables (I assume you're in the US as you linked to a US site) you probably should avoid the uncertainty and get one or two of those. If it won't fit, I recommend a ct from the Magnelab range, derated to 33% (get the "current output" version). The 600 A SCT-1250-000 (ratio 1:7500 is good for 200 A @ 1 V output + overload to 120%, using a burden of 37.5 Ohms).


Grand Master Tobias:
Sealed Prophecy? Fallen angels? I don't know what you are talking about...
Give him the Sealed Prophecy - Path of the God.


A character is in dire need of some new clothing, but short on materials - so she converts the curtains (or some other unconventional item, like a sail or a tablecloth) into a new outfit.
If played for comedy, expect to see the exact silhouette of the outfit in the still-hanging curtains - and possibly only enough for a two-dimensional version. Do not try to work out how that's possible. Another option is for the outfit to still look like a window dressing, complete with the poles and strings.
A Sub-Trope of Improvised Clothes. See also Bankruptcy Barrel.
Examples:
- A TV commercial had a lady showering on the beach. The cleaning lady comes in and accidentally takes her bathing suit. She makes an impromptu dress from the shower curtain and wears it to a party. Don't remember what was advertised.
- Brintons Carpets ran a print campaign in the 1990s using clothes constructed from their carpets (Scroll down this page to see some examples). One has since been donated to London's Science Museum (Picture), while another featured in an unusual fashion show in 2013 (Blog post).
- Juugo from Naruto: Shippuden is forced to do this when his new boss, Sasuke, is preparing to hunt down and kill his big brother, Itachi. He thinks it's kind of comfy. Oddly enough, he continues wearing it even after he starts wearing an Akatsuki cloak, so he's now wearing one cloak over another.
- In Revolutionary Girl Utena, Utena makes a dress for Anthy from a tablecloth after Anthy is tricked into going to a party wearing a dress made from fabric that disintegrates when wet and then gets drenched.
- In Sister Princess, when the family ends up stranded on what seems to be a deserted island with a vacant house, the sisters make dry clothes out of the curtains for everyone to wear.
- In Hidamari Sketch, Miya needs a yukata but doesn't have one, so she thinks of using the curtains to make a "modern" one. She ends up borrowing one of Hiro's, though.
- In Kidou Tenshi Angelic Layer, Hatoko wonders why Misaki's Angel Hikaru is naked. She promptly fashions a dress out of her handkerchief.
- In Mobile Fighter G Gundam, after Domon saves a very naked Rain from the Devil/Dark Gundam, he promptly throws his cape around her, which conveniently morphs into a form-fitting sexy red dress.
- Ohana in Hanasaku Iroha makes a wedding dress out of curtains for Takako.
- In Fairy Tail, when Lucy temporarily ends up naked during the fight against the dragons after the Grand Magic Games and is sent flying, she conveniently happens to land near a big cloth which she uses as a makeshift Modesty Towel until she can get actual clothes from the Celestial Spirit realm.
- Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind makes a Pimped-Out Dress out of her fancy curtains to try to avoid looking destitute when she meets Rhett. As he lets her know in a later scene, he isn't fooled (although it's her work-roughened hands, not the dress, that gives her away). Arguably the Trope Codifier for modern versions of this trope.
- Maria in The Sound of Music makes play clothing for the Von Trapp children from the curtains. When she's called on it, she points out that the curtains were being replaced, anyway; she just used the old ones, so the fabric didn't go to waste. This fails to mollify Captain Von Trapp, whose main concern is that people would think he was too cheap to buy his children proper clothes or too ineffectual to teach his children proper dress standards.
- Giselle from Enchanted makes a dress from Robert's curtains, and later one from his daughter's bedding. She leaves the curtains in place, and the holes can be seen throughout the rest of the movie. Robert is, understandably, furious.
- In A Knight's Tale, when Jocelyn's maid asks Roland what Will's tunic for the banquet following his first tournament will look like (when Will, being a commoner posing as a nobleman, doesn't own a tunic) Roland describes the tent behind her. He then later makes the tunic himself using fabric from the tent.
- In Lust In The Dust, Big Ed removes the piano blanket to create a new dress for Divine.
- In Preston Sturges' The Palm Beach Story, Claudette Colbert's character has her clothes stolen from her overnight berth on a train. She fashions an outfit from her pajama top, a bath towel, and an oversized rug.
- The 2007 version of Hairspray has Penny wear a dress made from her bedroom curtains to the Miss Teenage Hairspray episode of The Corny Collins Show. She uses the curtain rings to attach an extra piece of material to the dress.
- Alice in Wonderland (2010) has Alice suddenly grow to be 25 feet tall, and the Queen orders her servants to find her some clothes. Specifically, "Use the curtains, if you must, but please clothe this enormous girl!" In the next scene, the clothes that Alice is wearing imply that the servants did exactly that.
 Later, she cuts up a leather sofa and makes a dress out of that.
- In How To Beat The High Cost Of Living, after Jane Curtin's character does a striptease during a "money ball" scheme in which she and her friends try to raise up money to eliminate their enormous debt, she ends up wrapping herself up in a curtain.
- In Rags, to design Charlie's costume for the Masquerade Ball, Martha incorporates the restaurant's stage curtains, which are a shiny silver color, and manages to turn them into a nice-looking suit and pants combo with just a bit of sewing.
- After the out of town hooligans eat the goop that turns them into the titular giants in Village of the Giants, they make themselves dresses and togas out of theater curtains.
- Invoked in "The Fairy Godmother's Assistant" from the Girls To The Rescue series. While the Fairy Godmother is on vacation, her assistant receives a visit from Cinderella, who begs for help attending a ball. After giving her the bad news, the assistant tells her that she should go to the ball regardless of whether she can obtain magical help if it's important to her. Ella asks how she's supposed to attend without formal clothes, and the assistant asks if her stepfamily has any silk sheets or velvet curtains.
- Inverted in the Swedish children's book Prinsessor på semester ("Princesses on holiday"): when princesses go on a holiday, they bring big pretty dresses. They make good tents.
- In Zilpha Keatley Snyder's Black and Blue Magic the main character finds that the only way to make a warm outfit that allows his wings to go through while flying at night is to drape a curtain around himself. He thinks he looks a bit like a Roman in a toga. Unfortunately, a winged boy in a long white robe can also be mistaken for an angel.
- In The Egypt Game, also by Zilpha Keatley Snyder, the main characters use old curtains and pillowcases to make Egyptian-style robes and tunics.
- Captain Underpants uses a curtain to make a cape the first time he assumes his superhero identity. This is also his only article of clothing other than the obvious.
- In Valerie Tripp's Kathleen: The Celtic Knot, a rumor goes around at a dance competition that Kathleen's dress is made from a curtain. After Kathleen wins, she publicly confirms the rumor, and thanks her aunt for the suggestion.
- In Margot Benary-Isbert's novel The Ark, set in post World War II Germany, Mrs. Lechow makes her daughters dresses from a set of old drapes.
- The first book of Jane B. Mason and Sarah Hines Stephens's series The Princess School, Cinderella makes a ballgown out of midnight blue velvet left over from when her stepmother had the furniture reupholstered.
- In Neogicia, the protagonist has to take advantage of a Mercy Lead to escape from a castle that is in a very cold place, and the No, Mister Bond, I Expect You to Dine treatment she got from her captor resulted in her getting only interior clothing. She eventually gets the idea to wrap herself in a curtain, break a window, and rely on acrobatics on the castle's exterior ornaments to avoid pursuit. Once she's outside, she has to arrange an improvised cloak out of the curtain and a non-essential belt to avoid getting too cold.
- In My Brother Is A Superhero, Luke makes Zack a cape out of the drapes from their downstairs bathroom. They even have stars on them, fitting his superhero theme! Zack, who tends toward Not Wearing Tights, refuses to wear it.
- In We Have Always Lived in the Castle, a fire destroys most of Constance and Merricat's clothes so Constance makes Merricat a dress from a tablecloth.
- In Selfie, Eliza gets puke all over her clothes on an airplane (it spills from sickbags) and she ends up wrapping herself in courtesy blankets to be modest. She still manages to look beautiful.
- Virginia Lewis in The 10th Kingdom makes a shepherdess' costume from a set of curtains. (One can only assume that she found a magic sewing machine.)
- This was how Bruce Campbell's character in Jack-of-All-Trades got his alter-ego disguise in the first place.
- In one episode of The Vicar of Dibley, Alice's mother makes her a dress out of curtains. Sadly, she leaves the drawstring in the sleeve.
- In Drake & Josh, Drake rips off a curtain and wears it over himself to hide the theme park shirt he's wearing to get out of trouble.
Drake's Mom: You're wearing my drapes...why?Drake: Well y'know, it just got a little chilly in here.Drake's Mom: And so to get warm you thought—Josh: —Dad! Did you win the weatherman award!?
- One episode of Scrubs mentioned an incident in which JD dress his infant son Sam like Julius Caesar, as in cutting holes in a pillowcase for him to wear with a belt. JD's excuse was that he was unprepared, not having clothes for Sam at his place since Sam is usually at Kim's.
- In the first episode of every season of RuPaul's Drag Race, Ru challenges the drag queens to make dresses out of whatever random things she can throw at them. In the second season, it's curtains, and the episode directly invokes Gone with the Wind.
- The page image comes from a sketch parodying Gone With The Wind on The Carol Burnett Show. Starlet O'Hara doesn't want Rat Butler to see her wearing rags, so Sissy suggests hiding behind the drapes. This inspires Starlet to take the drapes, rod and all, and attempt to make a dress out of them. Rat finds the result "gorgeous", but the uproarious laughter of the audience suggests they disagree.
- According to Harvey Korman, they had to re-record the audio on that take because he was laughing so hard when she came down the stairs.
- In RENT, Maureen remarks that Angel would find an old tablecloth in the trash and make it a dress, and before long it would be "rolling off the assembly line at the Gap."
- The original "Meet Outfit" that American Girl doll Kit Kittredge was packaged with included a skirt her mother recycled from the patterned cotton fabric of a feed sack. Kit's story is set in the 1930's, and much of her story revolves around her family coping with The Great Depression.
- In Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead, characters in urgent need of warm clothing can tear down curtains from windows and wear them as clothing. Not recommended as a permanent solution since their encumbrance value is high for all body parts, which severely penalizes your accuracy and speed. A more practical solution would be to cut up the curtains into pieces and then use the resulting rags to craft actual clothing.
- In The Little Mermaid (1992), Ariel attempts to make a dress from a sail on a wrecked ship. The result is more comical than anything.
- The Grinch, in the animated version of How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, makes his Santa Claus suit from a set of red curtains.
- Hey Arnold!: When Rhonda's family loses their wealth for an episode, she eventually figures out to get by without money and makes a casual dress for herself using a shower curtain.
- On the Tom and Jerry short "Zoot Cat", Tom makes a zoot suit out of a hammock.
- A gag in Avatar: The Last Airbender involves Aang, Sokka, and Lord Momo of the Momo Dynasty improvising robes out of curtains and affecting posh accents to practice infiltrating a royal feast.
- In an episode of Sit Down, Shut Up that sees the cast dealing with a flood, normally meek Willard (now in charge) wears a cape he said Ennis made from curtains.
- It's stated that Leela once made a prom dress from carpet samples on Futurama.
- In the My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic episode "Rarity Takes Manehattan", Rarity's designs and custom fabric for a fashion show get stolen by a competitor, forcing her to make a new line from scratch out of whatever she can scavenge from the hotel. She ends up winning the competition.
- In The Critic, Alice's sister attends one of Duke's parties in this kind of dress; Duke says he could tell because she left in the Venetian blinds (which are mounted on the back of the skirt). She seductively offers to pull the cord, prompting Duke to remark "Whoo, baby got back!"
- In the Steven Universe episode "Familiar", tiny servant Gems called "Pebbles" make Steven a pretty convincing copy of Pink Diamond's outfit out of fabric in his bag and the curtains in Pink's room.
- In real life, it was Maria Franziska von Trapp, one of the Von Trapp children whose story inspired The Sound of Music, who made clothes from curtains, according to her sister, Rosemarie von Trapp.
- World War II examples:
- In addition to winter clothing, German soldiers plundered white bed sheets, white tablecloths and white curtains in Russian homes to use as improvised snow camouflage, since they were not prepared at all for the surprisingly early winter of 1941 when invading USSR.
- Beatrice Jackman, a Danish secret agent in World War II, had a stunning red dress made from a stolen Nazi flag.
- Major Claude Hensinger, a pilot who bailed out of his B-29 after an engine fire, kept warm overnight using his parachute and was rescued in the morning. His fiance, Ruth, had his life-saving parachute made into her wedding dress, patterned after a dress in Gone With the Wind. Ruth Hensinger's dress, which was also been worn by her daughter and daughter-in-law for their weddings, was donated to the National Museum of American History.
- In a similar example, Temple Leslie Bourland, a radio operator on a C-47, bailed out under enemy fire in 1945. Injured, Bourland and a comrade spent two days in a foxhole using his parachute to stay warm before being found by Allied troops. His fiance, Rosalie Hierholzer, had a wedding dress made from the bullet-ridden parachute. Rosalie Hierholzer's parachute wedding dress is in the National Museum of American History.
- Wedding dresses made from retired parachutes were fairly common in those days, since the parachutes were no longer being used as such but were still large amounts of precious silk, in a wartime/post-war economy when such resources couldn't be allowed to go to waste.
- There is a long-standing joke among the Russian LARPG community about newbies making "elf cloaks" out of curtains. Perhaps some time ago, they actually did.
- In Finland, the items used are likely to be sheets.
- In Sweden, it's an Army surplus blanket.
- In Finland, the items used are likely to be sheets.
- The original Star Trek series was made on a shoestring budget. The environmental suits seen in the episode "The Naked Time" were made from Art Deco shower curtains.
- Surprisingly popular among many historical costumers. Drapery/upholstery fabrics are usually wider than fabrics woven for clothing use, which means you can make a seriously Pimped-Out Dress without needing to piece the fabric together. (You can also get a set of drapes at the Goodwill for less than the cost of equivalent yardage at the fabric store.) Additionally, drapery and home decor fabrics are often available in weights, weaves, and patterns that are closer to accurate for historical time periods.
- Even normal tailors can make clothes out of curtain fabric or bedclothes, since it's cheaper than buying similar fabric by the yard.
- A variant occurred in Project Runway, when the designers had to use items purchased at a grocery store. At least two contestants used shower curtains.
- Sportscaster Don Cherry is famous for his outlandishly styled suits. Turns out he buys the raw materials at Facricland and then has them tailored.
- Technically, you can make anything into a sarong, as long as it's a big enough piece of fabric, other than a towel - that's just silly.
- This South Carolina bride made her own wedding dress from Anthropologie shower curtains for her 2009 wedding.
- Eccentric Australian composer Percy Grainger designed and wore towelling clothing. Samples can be seen here.
- At age fifteen Sophia Loren would have attended a beauty contest in her first evening gown, which her grandmother sewed with her own curtains because they couldn't afford to buy a dress.
- Due to the economic hardships of The Great Depression, some women actually resort on making clothes out of sacks of flour or feeds, hence they were called "feedsack dresses".
- The companies that sold flour and feed realized this and started to produce flour and feed sacks in bright, cheerful patterns. They reasoned that the more attractive their feed sack cotton, the more likely a woman would be to purchase it over an un-decorated competitor when she took into account the clothes she could make from the fabric.
- This trend continued into the 1940's, when good quality fabric for clothing was rationed due to World War II. Sewing companies even produced patterns that took into account the narrower fabric width & pre-existing seams women had to work with when repurposing flour sack fabric.
- In 1850, during the California Gold Rush, a seventeen-year-old German immigrant named Levi Strauss carried a supply of tent canvas with him to San Francisco, hoping people would be interested in buying it to make tents. As it turned out, there wasn't much interest in new tents, but there was a need for durable trousers for miners and other workers. Strauss proceeded to make trousers out of the canvas, which became known as Levis and were very popular among miners. Later he replaced the canvas with denim, which was as durable but more comfortable, dyed them with indigo so they wouldn't show soil stains as visibly, and ultimately invented blue jeans.
- Marilyn Monroe once wore a potato sack as a dress for a photo shoot. The shoot was inspired either by a columnist who chastised Monroe for wearing a low-cut red dress at a party and claimed she would look better in a potato sack, or by an off-the-cuff statement that she could make a potato sack look sexy. Either way, they probably had in mind the above-mentioned "feedsack dresses".


A Answer 1B Answer 2
A Answer 3A Answer 1B Answer 2
previous answers above, scroll upwards to read them
B Answer 2
previous answers above, scroll upwards to read them
A Answer 3
$("#content").append('\
\
');
$( ".forum-threadview-post-content .forum-threadview-post-text" ).each(function( index ) {
if( $(this).find('blockquote').length && $(this).find('blockquote blockquote').length){
$(this).find('blockquote blockquote').attr("class", "hidden-post");
$(this).find('blockquote blockquote')[0].addEventListener('click', function(){
if( $( this ).attr("class") && $( this ).attr("class").match("hidden-post") ){
$( this ).removeClass("hidden-post");
}else{
$( this ).addClass("hidden-post");
}
}, true);
}
});
Edit it to improve it... GreatApo wrote:This is not so easy... and it will take some resourses...
It would be better if the same rule is applied every time without the need of searching the previous posts.
GreatApo wrote:This is not so easy... and it will take some resourses...
It would be better if the same rule is applied every time without the need of searching the previous posts.
ex. Read more button for all quotes exept the last one.
EDIT:
Go to a topic with quotes in quotes...
Chrome: Press F12, go to console, paste the code and press ENTER.
Edit it to improve it...
You are right. I wrote this as a first step. This can be improved with your ideas and with hide/show JQuery animations.ORFK wrote:i know.. its not easy, but its possible. the question is, how many time brain wants to spend ;-) your idea is good for a beginning, maybe after the release we will get a lot of feedbacks by different users from different counties :-)
This is javascript (with JQuery library).zeharti wrote:Hey,I'm just curious which language script is that.
I'm learning programming,never saw such code :)
// Lets extend the page Css
$('head').append('');
// For each top blockquote
$('.forum-threadview-post-text>blockquote').each(function(){
$(this).scrollTop($(this)[0].scrollHeight);
});
// Lets extend the page Css
$('head').append('');
// The recursive patcher
var quotePatcher = function(blockquote, number, data){
// New node
data.length++;
// Insert the namediv of the quote
$(blockquote).prepend('

');
// Get his children quotes
var children = $(blockquote).children("blockquote");
// Clone name number
var children_number = number.slice(0);
// For every quote child
$(blockquote).children("blockquote").each(function(){
// New child
children_number[children_number.length-1]++;
// If not the only child
if(children.length>1){
// Set quote as multy quote
$(this).addClass('multiquote');
// Clone again number
var new_children_number = children_number.slice(0);
// Extend number
new_children_number.push(1);
// patch
quotePatcher(this, new_children_number, data);
// If the only one
} else {
// patch
quotePatcher(this, children_number, data);
}
});
// If the last quote
if(number.length==1 && number[0]==1){
// if not the only one
if(data.length!=1){
// Show name
$(blockquote).children('.quote-num').text('Quote last');
// Scroll to last quote
quoteScrollTo($(blockquote), $(blockquote).children('.quote-num'));
}
return;
}
// Insert name
$(blockquote).children('.quote-num').text('Quote '+number.join('.'));
// Leave a quote name on the spot found
$('
[Quote '+number.join('.')+']
').insertAfter(blockquote);
// Move it on top
$(blockquote).parent().prepend(blockquote);
};
var quoteScrollTo = function(container, scrollTo){
// Scroll to
container.scrollTop(
scrollTo.offset().top - container.offset().top + container.scrollTop()
);
}
// For each top blockquote
$('.forum-threadview-post-text>blockquote').each(function(){
// Create a pointer to length
var data = {length:0};
// Start recursive
quotePatcher(this, [1], data);
});
zeharti wrote:Many thanks guys!!!
Tested out and is amazin'.
BTW is it final version or just pre-alpha build?


Full-Stack Software Engineering Student at Prime Digital Academy
mathematics (combinatorics, coding theory, probability and statistics, others), beer and wine, customer service
HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, jQuery, Ajax, Git, Full MEAN Stack, Internet of Things
possibilities include database design, machine learning, functional programming, so many more


| Class and Description |
|---|
| Config
Common interface to ServletConfig and FilterConfig
(since javax.servlet.Config was removed from 2.3 spec).
|
| Decorator
Representation of a Decorator.
|
| DecoratorMapper |
| DefaultSitemeshBuffer
The default implementation of sitemesh buffer
|
| DefaultSitemeshBuffer.Builder |
| Factory
Factory responsible for creating appropriate instances of implementations.
|
| Page
The Page object wraps the contents of the original (undecorated) page.
|
| PageParser
The PageParser is responsible for parsing the page data into an appropriate
Page object. |
| PageParserSelector |
| SitemeshBuffer
A potentially chained sitemesh buffer
|
| SitemeshBufferFragment
A fragment of a sitemesh buffer.
|
| SitemeshBufferFragment.Builder
A builder for fragments.
|
| SitemeshWriter
A sitemesh buffer writer.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Config
Common interface to ServletConfig and FilterConfig
(since javax.servlet.Config was removed from 2.3 spec).
|
| DecoratorMapper |
| Factory
Factory responsible for creating appropriate instances of implementations.
|
| PageParser
The PageParser is responsible for parsing the page data into an appropriate
Page object. |
| PageParserSelector |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Page
The Page object wraps the contents of the original (undecorated) page.
|
| PageParser
The PageParser is responsible for parsing the page data into an appropriate
Page object. |
| PageParserSelector |
| SitemeshBuffer
A potentially chained sitemesh buffer
|
| SitemeshBufferFragment
A fragment of a sitemesh buffer.
|
| SitemeshBufferWriter
A char array writer that caches other sitemesh buffers written to it, so that it doesn't have to continually copy
them from buffer to buffer.
|
| SitemeshWriter
A sitemesh buffer writer.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| SitemeshBuffer
A potentially chained sitemesh buffer
|
| SitemeshBufferFragment.Builder
A builder for fragments.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| SitemeshBuffer
A potentially chained sitemesh buffer
|
| SitemeshBufferFragment.Builder
A builder for fragments.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| SitemeshBufferFragment.Builder
A builder for fragments.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| SitemeshBuffer
A potentially chained sitemesh buffer
|
| SitemeshBufferFragment
A fragment of a sitemesh buffer.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Config
Common interface to ServletConfig and FilterConfig
(since javax.servlet.Config was removed from 2.3 spec).
|
| Decorator
Representation of a Decorator.
|
| DecoratorMapper |
| Page
The Page object wraps the contents of the original (undecorated) page.
|
| RequestConstants
A set of static constants of Strings to be used as ServletRequest attribute keys
to represent various objects passed between pages.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Page
The Page object wraps the contents of the original (undecorated) page.
|
| PageParser
The PageParser is responsible for parsing the page data into an appropriate
Page object. |
| RequestConstants
A set of static constants of Strings to be used as ServletRequest attribute keys
to represent various objects passed between pages.
|
| SitemeshBuffer
A potentially chained sitemesh buffer
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| HTMLPage
Extension of
Page providing access to HTML data. |
| Page
The Page object wraps the contents of the original (undecorated) page.
|
| PageParser
The PageParser is responsible for parsing the page data into an appropriate
Page object. |
| SitemeshBuffer
A potentially chained sitemesh buffer
|
| SitemeshBufferFragment
A fragment of a sitemesh buffer.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Page
The Page object wraps the contents of the original (undecorated) page.
|
| RequestConstants
A set of static constants of Strings to be used as ServletRequest attribute keys
to represent various objects passed between pages.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RequestConstants
A set of static constants of Strings to be used as ServletRequest attribute keys
to represent various objects passed between pages.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Config
Common interface to ServletConfig and FilterConfig
(since javax.servlet.Config was removed from 2.3 spec).
|
| DecoratorMapper |
| Factory
Factory responsible for creating appropriate instances of implementations.
|
| PageParserSelector |
| RequestConstants
A set of static constants of Strings to be used as ServletRequest attribute keys
to represent various objects passed between pages.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Page
The Page object wraps the contents of the original (undecorated) page.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| DecoratorMapper |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| SitemeshBuffer
A potentially chained sitemesh buffer
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Decorator
Representation of a Decorator.
|
| DecoratorMapper |
| Factory
Factory responsible for creating appropriate instances of implementations.
|
| HTMLPage
Extension of
Page providing access to HTML data. |
| Page
The Page object wraps the contents of the original (undecorated) page.
|
| RequestConstants
A set of static constants of Strings to be used as ServletRequest attribute keys
to represent various objects passed between pages.
|
| SitemeshBuffer
A potentially chained sitemesh buffer
|


Next:
Experience
Up:
.
Previous:
Summary
Education
[leftmargin=*]
College of Charleston
Charleston, SC
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Aug. 2007 - Dec. 2011


Fast Refresh is a Next.js feature that gives you instantaneous feedback on edits made to your React components. Fast Refresh is enabled by default in all Next.js applications on 9.4 or newer. With Next.js Fast Refresh enabled, most edits should be visible within a second, without losing component state.
Button.js
and Modal.js
import
theme.js
, editing theme.js
will update both
components.
If you make a syntax error during development, you can fix it and save the file again. The error will disappear automatically, so you won’t need to reload the app. You will not lose component state.
If you make a mistake that leads to a runtime error inside your component, you’ll be greeted with a contextual overlay. Fixing the error will automatically dismiss the overlay, without reloading the app.
Component state will be retained if the error did not occur during rendering. If the error did occur during rendering, React will remount your application using the updated code.
If you have error boundaries in your app (which is a good idea for graceful failures in production), they will retry rendering on the next edit after a rendering error. This means having an error boundary can prevent you from always getting reset to the root app state. However, keep in mind that error boundaries shouldn’t be too granular. They are used by React in production, and should always be designed intentionally.
Fast Refresh tries to preserve local React state in the component you’re editing, but only if it’s safe to do so. Here’s a few reasons why you might see local state being reset on every edit to a file:
HOC(WrappedComponent)
. If the returned
component is a class, state will be reset.
export default () => <div />;
cause Fast Refresh
to not preserve local component state. For large codebases you can use
our
name-default-component
codemod.
As more of your codebase moves to function components and Hooks, you can expect state to be preserved in more cases.
// @refresh reset
anywhere in the file you’re editing.
This directive is local to the file, and instructs Fast Refresh to
remount components defined in that file on every edit.
console.log
or debugger;
into the
components you edit during development.
When possible, Fast Refresh attempts to preserve the state of your
component between edits. In particular, useState
and
useRef
preserve their previous values as long as you don’t
change their arguments or the order of the Hook calls.
Hooks with dependencies—such as useEffect
,
useMemo
, and useCallback
—will
always update during Fast Refresh. Their list of dependencies
will be ignored while Fast Refresh is happening.
For example, when you edit useMemo(() => x * 2, [x])
to
useMemo(() => x * 10, [x])
, it will re-run even though
x
(the dependency) has not changed. If React didn’t do that,
your edit wouldn’t reflect on the screen!
Sometimes, this can lead to unexpected results. For example, even a
useEffect
with an empty array of dependencies would still
re-run once during Fast Refresh.
However, writing code resilient to occasional re-running of
useEffect
is a good practice even without Fast Refresh. It
will make it easier for you to introduce new dependencies to it later on
and it’s enforced by
React Strict Mode, which we highly recommend enabling.


SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE A film review by Mark R. Leeper
Capsule: William Shakespeare writes "Romeo and Juliet" and at the same time discovers the woman who would be the love of his life. This is a whimsical recreation of how things might have been. The story is charming and the setting is as interesting as the characters, though the credibility of what we see is compromised by obvious anachronisms and inaccuracies. Rating: 8 (0 to 10), high +2 (-4 to +4) New York Critics: 21 positive, 2 negative, 2 mixed
It is 1593 and London has two competing theaters, each with a favorite playwright. The Curtain features the plays of Christopher Marlowe, acknowledged to be the greatest playwright of the day. The Rose had a once promising young man who after about ten plays was coming to the end of his creativity. This is William Shakespeare (Joseph Fiennes). As we join the film Shakespeare's love life is in a shambles as he is totally blocked from writing. Not that it matters because the theaters have been closed due to the plague. That may be for the best as Shakespeare has promised his new play to both theaters. That play, barely begun, being "Romeo and Ethel, the Pirate's Daughter."
Shakespeare cannot write, having had only the minimal experience at love he got from a loveless marriage. But a woman is about to come into his life. Shakespeare sees Viola De Lesseps (Gwyneth Paltrow) and falls in love with her beauty. Meanwhile it turns out that Viola is a great fan of Shakespeare and the theater in general. When the theaters are reopened, due to only the most venal of reasons, Viola gives in to temptation, defies the conventions of her time, disguises herself as a man, and becomes an actor. Shakespeare finds the woman he loves and begins an affair with her, ignoring the fact that she is betrothed. When Viola auditions disguised as a man she is promptly cast not as Juliet, but as Romeo in the play that seems to be written scene by scene only one day, or often only hours, before it is rehearsed. Shakespeare finds can write again now that he has something to write about, his love of Viola, and his wild lovemaking during off moments of the rehearsals. The play Romeo and Ethel, the Pirate's Daughter begins to take shape and is transformed from the comedy everybody has been expecting into the Romeo and Juliet we know. Of course the creative process is not without some help from Shakespeare's friends. We see Shakespeare's talent for pumping Christopher Marlowe and others for ideas and character names.
It should be noted that many of the fine details of this story are carefully researched and there are references to real people and events. In fact, it is mainly the plot as a whole that is completely absurd. The story of Romeo and Juliet was popular long before Shakespeare's time. And it did not involve Ethel, the Pirate's daughter. Shakespeare's plays are almost exclusively adaptations of pre-existing tales. Scholars tell us that "The Tempest" was Shakespeare's only original story. (I am not sure how much consideration they have given to "The Merry Wives of Windsor," essentially a sitcom written solely to reuse the popular character Falstaff.) This story of how Shakespeare's version of Romeo and Juliet came to be written is obviously a complete fiction. Unfortunately, this means that any facts that one does glean about the period or about Shakespeare from this film should be regarded as being highly suspect. John Webster, seen here as a boy with rather gruesome tastes in drama, is probably the playwright who went on to write plays like "The Duchess of Malfi." I do not know if there is any evidence that he knew Shakespeare. There clearly are Flintstone-esque anachronisms in the play like the odd proto-psychiatrist that Shakespeare sees.
The screenplay for SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE is by Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard. Much of the screenplay shows Stoppard's sense of humor as shown in other Stoppard plays like "Rosenkrantz and Guildenstern are Dead." The writers even have the audacity to write a little of its own Shakespearean prose and wordplay.
Fiennes and Paltrow are supported by a prestige cast including Geoffrey Rush of SHINE, Ben Affleck of GOOD WILL HUNTING, Judi Dench of MRS. BROWN (who is also the new M in the James Bond series), Colin Firth of THE ENGLISH PATIENT, Simon Callow of FOUR WEDDINGS AND A FUNERAL, Jim Carter of RICHARD III, and Tom Wilkinson of THE FULL MONTY. Director John Madden is the veteran of MRS. BROWN and episodes of the BBC adaptations of SHERLOCK HOLMES (with Jeremy Brett as Holmes).
SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE is a frothy and fun look at the bard and his times, but is not to be taken too seriously. One does not have to be a fan of Shakespeare to enjoy it, but bardophiles will get more out of it. It gets 8 on the 0 to 10 scale and a high +2 on the -4 to +4 scale.
Mark R. Leeper<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Copyright 1998 Mark R. Leeper
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Before Change
graph = graph.local_var()
h = self.feat_drop(feat)
feat = tf.reshape(self.fc(h), (-1, self._num_heads, self._out_feats))
// NOTE: GAT paper uses "first concatenation then linear projection"
// to compute attention scores, while ours is "first projection then
// addition", the two approaches are mathematically equivalent:
After Change
else:
h_src = h_dst = self.feat_drop(feat)
feat_src = feat_dst = tf.reshape(
self.fc(h_src), (-1, self._num_heads, self._out_feats))
// NOTE: GAT paper uses "first concatenation then linear projection"
// to compute attention scores, while ours is "first projection then
// addition", the two approaches are mathematically equivalent:


The following table lists all the build properties along with a brief description for each property. Given that the file provides for both a production and development environment, many of the properties seem to be duplicated. However, they are listed in the table so that they can easily be matched to the properties within the localDefault.properties file.
| SAVOIR Build Properties | ||
|---|---|---|
| Property | Description | |
| SAVOIR Global Properties | ||
| prebuild.deploy.server | Indicates whether the build will deploy to the production server or to the development server | |
| prebuild.release.ver | Current version of SAVOIR | |
| prebuild.repo.home | Location where Ivy will store all the libraries it downloads and publishes | |
| prebuild.java.source.ver | Version of Java that the compiler expects to use for source files and target classes | |
| prebuild.java.target.ver | ||
| prebuild.flash.major.version | Minimum version of Flash Player required | |
| prebuild.flash.minor.version | ||
| prebuild.flash.revision.version | ||
| prebuild.ivy.install.version | Properties required for downloading and installing Ivy | |
| prebuild.ivy.jar.dir | ||
| prebuild.ivy.jar.file | ||
| prebuild.ivy.url | ||
| prebuild.cont.install.version | Properties required for downloading and installing Ant-Contrib | |
| prebuild.cont.jar.dir | ||
| prebuild.cont.jar.file | ||
| prebuild.cont.url | ||
| SAVOIR Server Specific Global Properties for the Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.savoir.server.host | IP address of the SAVOIR production server | |
| prebuild.prd.db.username | Username for the SAVOIR MySQL database account on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.db.password | Password for the SAVOIR MySQL database account on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.savoir.admin.name | Name of the SAVOIR administrator for the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.savoir.admin.email | E-mail of the SAVOIR administrator for the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.web.server.dir | Web server document root directory on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.tomcat.username | Username assigned to the manager-script role in the $CATALINA_HOME/conf/tomcat-users.xml file on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.tomcat.password | Password assigned to the manager-script role in the $CATALINA_HOME/conf/tomcat-users.xml file on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.tomcat.port | Port number that the Tomcat service listens to on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.tomcat.url | URL for the Tomcat script manager interface on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.mule.lib.directory | Location of the user library directory for Mule on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.mule.conf.directory | SAVOIR bus configuration directory for Mule on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.mule.conf.file | Savoir bus configuration file for the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.smtp.host | Hostname of an SMTP server for the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.smtp.port | SMTP port for the given SMTP server for the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.smtp.email.address | E-mail address that sends mail on behalf of SAVOIR for the production server. This is usually your account on the SMTP server. | |
| prebuild.prd.smtp.username | Username of your SMTP account for the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.smtp.password | Password of your SMTP account for the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.smtp.useSSL | Whether or not SSL is used to communicate with your SMTP server for the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.smtp.useTLS | Whether or not TLS is used to communicate with your SMTP server for the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.FLEX_HOME | Directory path to your FLEX SDK installation on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.flash.ant.dir | Location of the Ant tasks jar file (flexTasks.jar) for Flash on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.activemq.version | Version of ActiveMQ that was installed on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.activemq.url | IP address for your ActiveMQ server on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.activemq.system.url | IP address and default port for your ActiveMQ server on the production server | |
| SAVOIR Server Specific Global Properties for the Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.savoir.server.host | IP address of the SAVOIR development server | |
| prebuild.dev.db.username | Username for the SAVOIR MySQL database account on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.db.password | Password for the SAVOIR MySQL database account on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.savoir.admin.name | Name of the SAVOIR administrator for the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.savoir.admin.email | E-mail of the SAVOIR administrator for the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.web.server.dir | Web server document root directory on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.tomcat.username | Username assigned to the manager-script role in the $CATALINA_HOME/conf/tomcat-users.xml file on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.tomcat.password | Password assigned to the manager-script role in the $CATALINA_HOME/conf/tomcat-users.xml file on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.tomcat.port | Port number that the Tomcat service listens to on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.tomcat.url | URL for the Tomcat script manager interface on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.mule.lib.directory | Location of the user library directory for Mule on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.mule.conf.directory | SAVOIR bus configuration directory for Mule on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.mule.conf.file | Savoir bus configuration file for the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.smtp.host | Hostname of an SMTP server for the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.smtp.port | SMTP port for the given SMTP server for the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.smtp.email.address | E-mail address that sends mail on behalf of SAVOIR for the development server. This is usually your account on the SMTP server. | |
| prebuild.dev.smtp.username | Username of your SMTP account for the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.smtp.password | Password of your SMTP account for the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.smtp.useSSL | Whether or not SSL is used to communicate with your SMTP server for the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.smtp.useTLS | Whether or not TLS is used to communicate with your SMTP server for the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.FLEX_HOME | Directory path to your FLEX SDK installation on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.flash.ant.dir | Location of the Ant tasks jar file (flexTasks.jar) for Flash on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.activemq.version | Version of ActiveMQ that was installed on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.activemq.url | IP address for your ActiveMQ server on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.activemq.system.url | IP address and default port for your ActiveMQ server on the development server | |
| SAVOIR Persistence Project | ||
| prebuild.pers.jdbc.driverClassName | Properties required for the JDBC interface to the MySQL database | |
| prebuild.pers.jdbc.url | ||
| prebuild.pers.jdbc.testOnBorrow | ||
| prebuild.pers.jdbc.testWhileIdle | ||
| prebuild.pers.jdbc.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis | ||
| prebuild.pers.jdbc.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis | ||
| prebuild.pers.jdbc.removeAbandoned | ||
| prebuild.pers.jdbc.removeAbandonedTimeout | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.pers.jdbc.username | Username for the SAVOIR MySQL database account on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.pers.jdbc.password | Password for the SAVOIR MySQL database account on the production server | |
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.pers.jdbc.username | Username for the SAVOIR MySQL database account on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.pers.jdbc.password | Password for the SAVOIR MySQL database account on the development server | |
| SAVOIR Utilities Project | ||
| No properties are defined for this project at this time | ||
| SAVOIR OAuth Project | ||
| prebuild.oaut.compile.debug | Compiler options for compiling Java source code | |
| prebuild.oaut.compile.deprecation | ||
| prebuild.oaut.compile.optimize | ||
| SAVOIR Bus Project | ||
| prebuild.prd.bus.mgmt.url | Runtime properties that are both required at this time even though one is for the production server and one is for the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.bus.mgmt.url | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.bus.deploy.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR bus software to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.bus.config.directory | ||
| prebuild.prd.bus.config.file | ||
| prebuild.prd.bus.deploy.host | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.bus.deploy.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR bus software to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.bus.config.directory | ||
| prebuild.dev.bus.config.file | ||
| prebuild.dev.bus.deploy.host | ||
| SAVOIR Scheduling Service Project | ||
| prebuild.sced.compile.debug | Compiler options for compiling Java source code | |
| prebuild.sced.compile.deprecation | ||
| prebuild.sced.compile.optimize | ||
| prebuild.sced.compile.verbose | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.sced.deploy.username | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR scheduling service software to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.sced.deploy.password | ||
| prebuild.prd.sced.deploy.url | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.sced.deploy.username | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR scheduling service software to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.sced.deploy.password | ||
| prebuild.dev.sced.deploy.url | ||
| SAVOIR Management Services Project | ||
| prebuild.mgmt.compile.debug | Compiler options for compiling Java source code | |
| prebuild.mgmt.compile.deprecation | ||
| prebuild.mgmt.compile.optimize | ||
| prebuild.mgmt.compile.verbose | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.deploy.username | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR management services software to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.deploy.password | ||
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.deploy.url | ||
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.admin.name | Contact information for the SAVOIR administrator for the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.admin.email | ||
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.email.host | Properties identifying information for generating and sending email messages on the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.email.port | ||
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.email.from | ||
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.email.replyto | ||
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.email.username | ||
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.email.password | ||
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.email.useSSL | ||
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.email.useTLS | ||
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.server.deployment | Runtime properties for deploying the SAVOIR management services software to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.repos.webPrefix | ||
| prebuild.prd.mgmt.mule.server.url | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.deploy.username | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR management services software to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.deploy.password | ||
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.deploy.url | ||
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.admin.name | Contact information for the SAVOIR administrator for the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.admin.email | ||
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.email.host | Properties identifying information for generating and sending email messages on the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.email.port | ||
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.email.from | ||
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.email.replyto | ||
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.email.username | ||
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.email.password | ||
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.email.useSSL | ||
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.email.useTLS | ||
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.server.deployment | Runtime properties for deploying the SAVOIR management services software to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.repos.webPrefix | ||
| prebuild.dev.mgmt.mule.server.url | ||
| SAVOIR Web Broker Project | ||
| prebuild.webr.compile.debug | Compiler options for compiling Java source code | |
| prebuild.webr.compile.deprecation | ||
| prebuild.webr.compile.optimize | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.webr.deploy.username | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR web broker software to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.webr.deploy.password | ||
| prebuild.prd.webr.deploy.url | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.webr.deploy.username | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR web broker software to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.webr.deploy.password | ||
| prebuild.dev.webr.deploy.url | ||
| SAVOIR Flex Front End Image Repository | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.fimg.deploy.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR Flex front end image repository to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.fimg.deploy.host | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.fimg.deploy.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR Flex front end image repository to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.fimg.deploy.host | ||
| SAVOIR Flex Front End Library Project | ||
| prebuild.flib.flash.name | Name of the SAVOIR flex library package | |
| SAVOIR Flex Front End Login Project | ||
| prebuild.logn.flash.name | Various names and titles for the compiled flex package | |
| prebuild.logn.flash.html | ||
| prebuild.logn.flash.title | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.logn.deploy.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR Flex front end login software to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.logn.deploy.host | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.logn.deploy.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR Flex front end login software to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.logn.deploy.host | ||
| SAVOIR Flex Front End Main Interface Project | ||
| prebuild.main.flash.name | Various names and titles for the compiled flex package | |
| prebuild.main.flash.html | ||
| prebuild.main.flash.title | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.main.deploy.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR Flex front end main interface software to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.main.deploy.host | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.main.deploy.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR Flex front end main interface software to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.main.deploy.host | ||
| SAVOIR Flex Front End Authoring Tool Interface Project | ||
| prebuild.auth.flash.name | Various names and titles for the compiled flex package | |
| prebuild.auth.flash.html | ||
| prebuild.auth.flash.title | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.auth.deploy.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR Flex front end authoring tool interface software to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.auth.deploy.host | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.auth.deploy.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR Flex front end authoring tool interface software to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.auth.deploy.host | ||
| SAVOIR Socket Proxy Project | ||
| prebuild.skpx.signjar.password | Signjar options for signing Java Jar files | |
| prebuild.skpx.signjar.alias | ||
| prebuild.skpx.signjar.key | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.skpx.activemq.version | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR socket proxy software to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.skpx.deploy.directory | ||
| prebuild.prd.skpx.deploy.host | ||
| prebuild.prd.skpx.web.url | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.skpx.activemq.version | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR socket proxy software to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.skpx.deploy.directory | ||
| prebuild.dev.skpx.deploy.host | ||
| prebuild.dev.skpx.web.url | ||
| SAVOIR Launch Properties Project | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.lnch.deploy.resrc.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR launch properties software to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.lnch.deploy.host | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.lnch.deploy.resrc.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR launch properties software to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.lnch.deploy.host | ||
| SAVOIR Documents Project | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.docs.deploy.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR documentation files to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.docs.deploy.host | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.docs.deploy.directory | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR documentation files to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.docs.deploy.host | ||
| SAVOIR EKG Tutorial Project | ||
| prebuild.ekgt.compile.debug | Compiler options for compiling Java source code | |
| prebuild.ekgt.compile.deprecation | ||
| prebuild.ekgt.compile.optimize | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.ekgt.deploy.contact.name | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR EKG tutorial software to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.ekgt.deploy.contact.email | ||
| prebuild.prd.ekgt.deploy.username | ||
| prebuild.prd.ekgt.deploy.password | ||
| prebuild.prd.ekgt.deploy.resrc.directory | ||
| prebuild.prd.ekgt.deploy.host | ||
| prebuild.prd.ekgt.deploy.port | ||
| prebuild.prd.ekgt.deploy.url | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.ekgt.deploy.contact.name | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR EKG tutorial software to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.ekgt.deploy.contact.email | ||
| prebuild.dev.ekgt.deploy.username | ||
| prebuild.dev.ekgt.deploy.password | ||
| prebuild.dev.ekgt.deploy.resrc.directory | ||
| prebuild.dev.ekgt.deploy.host | ||
| prebuild.dev.ekgt.deploy.port | ||
| prebuild.dev.ekgt.deploy.url | ||
| SAVOIR Flex Vader Web Tutorial Project | ||
| prebuild.vdrw.flash.name | Various names and titles for the compiled flex package | |
| prebuild.vdrw.flash.html | ||
| prebuild.vdrw.flash.title | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.vdrw.deploy.contact.name | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR Flex vader web tutorial software to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.vdrw.deploy.contact.email | ||
| prebuild.prd.vdrw.deploy.flex.directory | ||
| prebuild.prd.vdrw.deploy.resrc.directory | ||
| prebuild.prd.vdrw.deploy.host | ||
| prebuild.prd.vdrw.services.config | ||
| prebuild.prd.vdrw.context.root | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.vdrw.deploy.contact.name | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR Flex vader web tutorial software to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.vdrw.deploy.contact.email | ||
| prebuild.dev.vdrw.deploy.flex.directory | ||
| prebuild.dev.vdrw.deploy.resrc.directory | ||
| prebuild.dev.vdrw.deploy.host | ||
| prebuild.dev.vdrw.services.config | ||
| prebuild.dev.vdrw.context.root | ||
| SAVOIR Vader Desktop Project | ||
| Production Server | ||
| prebuild.prd.vadr.deploy.contact.name | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR vader desktop software to the production server | |
| prebuild.prd.vadr.deploy.contact.email | ||
| prebuild.prd.vadr.deploy.jar.directory | ||
| prebuild.prd.vadr.deploy.resrc.directory | ||
| prebuild.prd.vadr.deploy.host | ||
| Development Server | ||
| prebuild.dev.vadr.deploy.contact.name | Properties required for deploying the SAVOIR vader desktop software to the development server | |
| prebuild.dev.vadr.deploy.contact.email | ||
| prebuild.dev.vadr.deploy.jar.directory | ||
| prebuild.dev.vadr.deploy.resrc.directory | ||
| prebuild.dev.vadr.deploy.host |


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Peter Rabbit and Other Stories
by Beatrix Potter
“The Tale of Tom Kitten”
Additional Information
- Year Published: 0
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: England
- Source: Beatrix Potter, The Great Big Treasury of Beatrix Potter
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 5.0
- Word Count: 723
- Genre: Fantasy
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
Once upon a time there were three little kittens, and their names were Mittens, Tom Kitten, and Moppet.
They had dear little fur coats of their own; and they tumbled about the doorstep and played in the dust.
But one day their mother—Mrs. Tabitha Twitchit—expected friends to tea; so she fetched the kittens indoors, to wash and dress them, before the fine company arrived.
First she scrubbed their faces (this one is Moppet).
Then she brushed their fur (this one is Mittens).
Then she combed their tails and whiskers (this is Tom Kitten).
Tom was very naughty, and he scratched.
Mrs. Tabitha dressed Moppet and Mittens in clean pinafores and tuckers; and then she took all sorts of elegant uncomfortable clothes out of a chest of drawers, in order to dress up her son Thomas.
Tom Kitten was very fat, and he had grown; several buttons burst off. His mother sewed them on again.
When the three kittens were ready, Mrs. Tabitha unwisely turned them out into the garden, to be out of the way while she made hot buttered toast.
“Now keep your frocks clean, children! You must walk on your hind legs. Keep away from the dirty ash-pit, and from Sally Henny Penny, and from the pigsty and the Puddle-ducks.”
Moppet and Mittens walked down the garden path unsteadily.
When they stood up there were several green smears!
“Let us climb up the rockery and sit on the garden wall,” said Moppet.

Tom Kitten was quite unable to jump when walking upon his hind legs in trousers. He came up the rockery by degrees, breaking the ferns and shedding buttons right and left.
He was all in pieces when he reached the top of the wall.

While they were in difficulties, there was a pit pat, paddle pat! and the three Puddle-ducks came along the hard high road, marching one behind the other and doing the goose step— pit pat, paddle pat! pit pat, waddle pat!
They stopped and stood in a row and stared up at the kittens. They had very small eyes and looked surprised. Then the two duck-birds, Rebeccah and Jemima Puddle-duck, picked up the hat and tucker and put them on.
 Moppet and Tom descended after her; the pinafores and all the rest of Tom’s clothes came off on the way down.
“Come! Mr. Drake Puddle-duck,” said Moppet. “Come and help us to dress him! Come and button up Tom!”
Mr. Drake Puddle-duck advanced in a slow sideways manner and picked up the various articles.
But he put them on HIMSELF! They fitted him even worse than Tom Kitten.
“It’s a very fine morning!” said Mr. Drake Puddle-duck.

Then Tabitha Twitchit came down the garden and found her kittens on the wall with no clothes on.
She pulled them off the wall, smacked them, and took them back to the house.
“My friends will arrive in a minute, and you are not fit to be seen; I am affronted,” said Mrs. Tabitha Twitchit.
She sent them upstairs; and I am sorry to say she told her friends that they were in bed with the measles— which was not true.
Quite the contrary; they were not in bed: NOT in the least.
Somehow there were very extra— ordinary noises overhead, which disturbed the dignity and repose of the tea party.
And I think that some day I shall have to make another, larger book, to tell you more about Tom Kitten!
As for the Puddle-ducks—they went into a pond.
The clothes all came off directly, because there were no buttons.
And Mr. Drake Puddle-duck, and Jemima and Rebeccah, have been looking for them ever since.


|
Ocular Engine
|
#include <ResourceLoader.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| AResourceLoader (std::string const &extension, ResourceType type) | |
| virtual std::string | getSupportedFileType () const |
| virtual bool | loadResource (Resource *&resource, File const &file, std::string const &mappingName) |
| virtual bool | loadSubResource (Resource *&resource, File const &file, std::string const &mappingName) |
| virtual bool | exploreResource (File const &file) |
| ResourceType | getResourceType () const |
Protected Member Functions | |
| bool | isFileValid (Core::File const &file) const |
Protected Attributes | |
| std::string | m_SupportedExtension |
| ResourceType | m_Type |
Base interface for all resource loaders.
A resource loader is responsible for reading and loading a specific type of resource file (based on extension) and then creating a Resource implementation from it.
For example, one loader may handle the '.png' extension and create a 2D texture from it.
Another may handle the '.ply' extension and create a model from the data read in.
There may only be one loader per file extension.
|
virtual |
For use with MultiResources. When called, the Resource will be explored and all sub-resources should be added to the global resource manager via
| [in] | file |
Reimplemented in Ocular::Graphics::ResourceLoader_OBJ.
| ResourceType Ocular::Core::AResourceLoader::getResourceType | ( | ) | const |
Returns the type of resource created by this loader.
|
virtual |
|
protected |
Verifies the file on the following conditions:
- File exists - File is readable - File extension matches the supported extension of the loader
| [in] | File | The file to validate. |
|
virtual |
| [out] | resource | |
| [in] | file | |
| [in] | mappingName |
Reimplemented in Ocular::Graphics::MaterialResourceLoader, Ocular::Graphics::D3D11UncompiledShaderResourceLoader, Ocular::Graphics::ResourceLoader_OBJ, Ocular::Graphics::TextureResourceLoader, and Ocular::Graphics::MeshResourceLoader.
|
virtual |
| [out] | resource | |
| [in] | file | |
| [in] | mappingName |
Reimplemented in Ocular::Graphics::ResourceLoader_OBJ.


06 March 1996
Disease Outbreak Reported
As at 4 March, 15 733 cases with 2 411 deaths had been reported in 12 States: Adamawa, Bauchi, Benue, Cross River, Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Kebbi, Kwara, Niger, Sokoto, and Taraba. Most cases were from Bauchi (4 399 cases/802 deaths), Kebbi (2 812/429), Kano (2 475/419), Sokoto (1 687/246) and Katsina (1 590/419). Cases began to be reported in January and the numbers reported increased markedly in February. The Ministry of Health in collaboration with WHO, UNICEF and NGOs, including MSF, France have dispatched medical teams to the affected states to assist in the evaluation and control of the outbreaks. Over 8 million doses of vaccine, antibiotics and infusion fluids have been distributed to the affected States and the Federal Ministry of Health has ordered an additional 10 million doses of the vaccine. Immunization is planned for the populations in all urban areas in these states. For Kano State, MSF has provided drugs and equipment to a value of US$ 1.9 million. The Federal Ministry of Health reports that the concerted efforts have helped bring the outbreaks under control and there is no cause for alarm.


BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC. 3555 Farnam Street Suite 1440 Omaha, NE 68131 Offical Home Page
A Message From Warren E Buffet
News Release
Updated July 1, 2014
Annual and Interim Reports
Updated May 2, 2014
Warren Buffett's Letters to Berkshire Shareholders
Updated March 1, 2014
Link to SEC Filings
Charlie Munger's Letters to Wesco Shareholders
Corporate Governance
Annual Meeting Information
Links to Bershire Subsidiary Companies
Comparative Rights and Relative Prices of Class A and B Stock
Updated January 20, 2010
Owner's Manual
To view the Owner's Manual you may use Adobe Acrobat Reader software. Click
here
to download. Updated March 1, 2014
Order Bershire Activerwear On-line
Letters from Warren E. Buffet Regarding Pledges to Make Gift of Berkshire Stock
Updated August 30, 2012


Line Of Duty casts Trainspotting star Kelly Macdonald as new detective
Line Of Duty has confirmed that Kelly Macdonald has been added to the cast just days after Jed Mercurio teased guest arrivals.
The infamous Trainspotting actress, who’s also starred in State Of Play, Boardwalk Empire and more recently The Victim, will play Detective Chief Inspector Joanne Davidson, the senior investigating officer of an unsolved murder.
Joanne’s unconventional conduct raises suspicions at AC-12 and no will no doubt have Vicky McClure, Martin Compston and Adrian Dunbar’s characters trying to uncover whatever it is she’s up to.
‘We’re honoured that Kelly Macdonald will join Martin, Vicky and Adrian in series six of Line of Duty,’ Jed enthused. ‘DCI Joanne Davidson will prove the most enigmatic adversary AC-12 have ever faced.’
CEO and Creative Director of World Productions Simon Heath, added: ‘The Line of Duty team have always been huge fans of her work, so we’re thrilled Kelly has agreed to join us this series to pit her wits against AC-12.’
Advertisement Advertisement
Meanwhile, Controller of BBC Drama Piers Wenger, raved: ‘We’re delighted that Kelly Macdonald is coming on board for series six. She’s one of the UK’s most versatile actors and we’re excited for viewers to see what Jed’s scripts have in store for her when she joins the Line of Duty team.’
Line Of Duty is available for catch-up on BBC iPlayer.
Got a showbiz story?
If you've got a story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk Entertainment team by emailing us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you.


The syntax of the blocking receive operation is given below.
| MPI_RECV (buf, count, datatype, source, tag, comm, status) | |
| OUT buf | initial address of receive buffer (choice) |
| IN count | number of elements in receive buffer (non-negative integer) |
| IN datatype | datatype of each receive buffer element (handle) |
| IN source | rank of source or MPI_ANY_SOURCE (integer) |
| IN tag | message tag or MPI_ANY_TAG (integer) |
| IN comm | communicator (handle) |
| OUT status | status object (Status) |
int MPI_Recv(void* buf, int count, MPI_Datatype datatype, int source, int tag, MPI_Comm comm, MPI_Status *status)
MPI_Recv(buf, count, datatype, source, tag, comm, status, ierror)
TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..) :: buf
INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: count, source, tag
TYPE(MPI_Datatype), INTENT(IN) :: datatype
TYPE(MPI_Comm), INTENT(IN) :: comm
TYPE(MPI_Status) :: status
INTEGER, OPTIONAL, INTENT(OUT) :: ierror
MPI_RECV(BUF, COUNT, DATATYPE, SOURCE, TAG, COMM, STATUS, IERROR)
<type> BUF(*)
INTEGER COUNT, DATATYPE, SOURCE, TAG, COMM, STATUS(MPI_STATUS_SIZE), IERROR
The blocking semantics of this call are described in Section Communication Modes .
The receive buffer consists of the storage containing count consecutive elements of the type specified by datatype, starting at address buf. The length of the received message must be less than or equal to the length of the receive buffer. An overflow error occurs if all incoming data does not fit, without truncation, into the receive buffer.
If a message that is shorter than the receive buffer arrives, then only those locations corresponding to the (shorter) message are modified.
Advice to users.
The MPI_PROBE function described in
Section Probe and Cancel
can be used to receive messages of
unknown length.
( End of advice to users.)
Advice
to implementors.
Even though no specific behavior is mandated by MPI for erroneous programs, the recommended handling of overflow situations is to return in status information about the source and tag of the incoming message. The receive operation will return an error code. A quality implementation will also ensure that no memory that is outside the receive buffer will ever be overwritten.
In the case of a message shorter than the receive buffer, MPI is
quite strict in that it allows no modification of the other locations.
A more lenient statement would allow for some
optimizations but this is not allowed. The implementation must be ready to
end a copy into the receiver memory exactly at the end of the receive
buffer, even if it is an odd address.
( End of advice to implementors.)
The selection of a message by a receive operation is governed by
the value of the message envelope.
A message can be received by a receive operation
if its envelope matches the source, tag and
comm values specified by the
receive operation. The receiver may specify a wildcard
MPI_ANY_SOURCE
value for source, and/or
a wildcard MPI_ANY_TAG value for tag,
indicating that any source and/or tag are acceptable. It cannot specify a
wildcard value for comm.
Thus, a message can be received by a receive
operation only if it is addressed
to the receiving process, has a matching communicator, has
matching source unless
source= MPI_ANY_SOURCE
in the pattern, and has a matching tag unless
tag= MPI_ANY_TAG
in the pattern.
The message tag is specified by the tag argument of the receive operation. The argument source, if different from MPI_ANY_SOURCE, is specified as a rank within the process group associated with that same communicator (remote process group, for intercommunicators). Thus, the range of valid values for the source argument is {0,...,n-1}cup{constMPI_ANY_SOURCE}cup{constMPI_PROC_NULL}, where n is the number of processes in this group.
Note the asymmetry between send and receive operations: A receive operation may accept messages from an arbitrary sender, on the other hand, a send operation must specify a unique receiver. This matches a ``push'' communication mechanism, where data transfer is effected by the sender (rather than a ``pull'' mechanism, where data transfer is effected by the receiver).
Source = destination is allowed, that is, a process can send a message to itself. (However, it is unsafe to do so with the blocking send and receive operations described above, since this may lead to deadlock. See Section Semantics of Point-to-Point Communication .)
Advice
to implementors.
Message context and other communicator information
can be implemented as an additional tag field. It differs
from the regular message tag in that wild card matching is not allowed on this
field, and that value setting for this field is controlled by communicator
manipulation functions.
( End of advice to implementors.)
The use of dest or source= MPI_PROC_NULL to define a ``dummy''
destination or source in any send or receive call is described in
Section Null Processes
.


Click the button to get the computed font size for the first letter in the test div.
Try it
The computed font size for div::first-letter in the test div is:


Collec
tion
Rename...
Combine...
This is the collection name
Create
Combined
collection
+
delete
C1
+
delete
C2
Combine
this collection
with...
Add
Games
[collection-edit-search-command-box]


Gateway
BOT
12-Aug-19 10:11 PM
[dscrd-hush] <AkiraX> Can you find the address that increased by that amount as well?
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> @AkiraX I have lot data on hush, never really analyse it much.
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> I have a program running on azure to analyse wallet address of exchanges, miners and dumpers.
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> so I tell it predict where this funds went.
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> 95% xmr prediction accurancy.
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> hush I have the data just not fully process it
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> my database keep tracks on 9 pools, each address, the hush rate and even which exchange it goes to
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> in the start I know when hush will dump(when 2 miners was online) and where it will dump.
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> So far on zcash I finding a lot of metadata
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> So when a user sends from zaddress to a zaddress to a zaddress.
I can eliminate the middle zaddress easily now.
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @ITM wow, this is very advanced stuff you have
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> @dukeleto there a huge difference in privacy and encryption. ARRR privacy they fooling themselve, Hushlist on the other hand its encrypted messages, that cannot be broken.
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> So with zcash,
I have 10000 zcash transactions. now I eliminate one random one which leave 9999. now if it fails the proof, it means that the one or more of the 9999 depends on the 1 transactions. I repeat the process(Of coarse using mesh analyses to speed up everything)
Now I was able to proof that address t-Address -> ZAddress -> Zaddress -> T-Address was indeed true.
Sending from t-address to a Zaddress to t-address some how you cannot detect using eliminate proof method
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> t-Address (T1)-> ZAddress ->(t2) Zaddress ->(t3) T-Address
Now eliminating t2 means the proof will fail for t3. I am not convince its 100%. since if t2 is not there how will t3 be valid.
So I studying sapling proof algorithm as distinct equations.
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> now I need t-Address (Tx1)-> Zaddress ->(Tx2) T-Address proof to be valid, if tx1 is not there tx2 should fail.
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @ITM are you looking at repeated nullifiers in shielded transactions?
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> not sure what it called. I just reply the transactions or don't reply the transaction on a duplicate block chain(Difficulty set to true each block)
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> yes that what am looking at, well kind off.
(edited)
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @ITM I think you are doing some really original stuff and would greatly benefit from watching this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bydpHmP-7k
Live at Zcon1: Zero to Privacy Hero - Day 1 Presented by Zcash Foundation in Split, Croatia
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> those people did a massive study of all ZEC miners
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> and basically de-anonymized all ZEC miners
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> You cannot mine Zcash privately
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> When you mine ZEC via a pool, you spread metadata in all directions
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> that links your future zaddr funds to the taddr funds that you mined in a pool
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> They can even predict how many GPUs and of what kind a miner has
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Many scary things
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> All the above problems apply to all Zcash protocol coins, which is why a future upgrade to allow mining DIRECTLY to a zaddr is so important
[dscrd-hush] <ITM> yes, that will make it extremely difficulty or nearly impossible to trace.
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Being a solo miner gives you a lot of privacy
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Being a pooled miner, you lose a lot of privacy
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Also, OpenBazaar invited me to their Slack. I will join it soon and see what needs to happen
[dscrd-hush] <AkiraX> Sounds like I'm in the right place
[dscrd-hush] <AkiraX> No. I have sold any
[dscrd-hush] <AkiraX> If you mined privately. How can you not be worried about trusted setip
[dscrd-hush] <AkiraX> What if someone's finds out how to print this indefinitely


|
SdFat
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Boot sector for a FAT32 volume. More...
#include <SdFatStructs.h>
Public Attributes | |
| uint8_t | bootCode [420] |
| uint8_t | bootSectorSig0 |
| uint8_t | bootSectorSig1 |
| uint8_t | bootSignature |
| uint16_t | bytesPerSector |
| uint8_t | driveNumber |
| uint16_t | fat32BackBootBlock |
| uint16_t | fat32Flags |
| uint16_t | fat32FSInfo |
| uint8_t | fat32Reserved [12] |
| uint32_t | fat32RootCluster |
| uint16_t | fat32Version |
| uint8_t | fatCount |
| char | fileSystemType [8] |
| uint16_t | headCount |
| uint32_t | hidddenSectors |
| uint8_t | jump [3] |
| uint8_t | mediaType |
| char | oemId [8] |
| uint8_t | reserved1 |
| uint16_t | reservedSectorCount |
| uint16_t | rootDirEntryCount |
| uint8_t | sectorsPerCluster |
| uint16_t | sectorsPerFat16 |
| uint32_t | sectorsPerFat32 |
| uint16_t | sectorsPerTrack |
| uint16_t | totalSectors16 |
| uint32_t | totalSectors32 |
| char | volumeLabel [11] |
| uint32_t | volumeSerialNumber |
Boot sector for a FAT32 volume.
| uint8_t fat32_boot::bootCode[420] |
X86 boot code
| uint8_t fat32_boot::bootSectorSig0 |
must be 0X55
| uint8_t fat32_boot::bootSectorSig1 |
must be 0XAA
| uint8_t fat32_boot::bootSignature |
0X29 if next three fields are valid
| uint16_t fat32_boot::bytesPerSector |
The size of a hardware sector. Valid decimal values for this field are 512, 1024, 2048, and 4096. For most disks used in the United States, the value of this field is 512.
| uint8_t fat32_boot::driveNumber |
Related to the BIOS physical drive number. Floppy drives are identified as 0x00 and physical hard disks are identified as 0x80, regardless of the number of physical disk drives. Typically, this value is set prior to issuing an INT 13h BIOS call to specify the device to access. The value is only relevant if the device is a boot device.
| uint16_t fat32_boot::fat32BackBootBlock |
If nonzero, indicates the sector number in the reserved area of the volume of a copy of the boot record. Usually 6. No value other than 6 is recommended.
| uint16_t fat32_boot::fat32Flags |
This field is only defined for FAT32 media and does not exist on FAT12 and FAT16 media. Bits 0-3 -- Zero-based number of active FAT. Only valid if mirroring is disabled. Bits 4-6 -- Reserved. Bit 7 -- 0 means the FAT is mirrored at runtime into all FATs. -- 1 means only one FAT is active; it is the one referenced in bits 0-3. Bits 8-15 -- Reserved.
| uint16_t fat32_boot::fat32FSInfo |
Sector number of FSINFO structure in the reserved area of the FAT32 volume. Usually 1.
| uint8_t fat32_boot::fat32Reserved[12] |
Reserved for future expansion. Code that formats FAT32 volumes should always set all of the bytes of this field to 0.
| uint32_t fat32_boot::fat32RootCluster |
Cluster number of the first cluster of the root directory for FAT32. This usually 2 but not required to be 2.
| uint16_t fat32_boot::fat32Version |
FAT32 version. High byte is major revision number. Low byte is minor revision number. Only 0.0 define.
| uint8_t fat32_boot::fatCount |
The number of copies of the FAT on the volume. The value of this field is always 2.
| char fat32_boot::fileSystemType[8] |
A text field with a value of FAT32.
| uint16_t fat32_boot::headCount |
Number of heads for interrupt 0x13. Not used otherwise.
| uint32_t fat32_boot::hidddenSectors |
Count of hidden sectors preceding the partition that contains this FAT volume. This field is generally only relevant for media visible on interrupt 0x13.
| uint8_t fat32_boot::jump[3] |
The first three bytes of the boot sector must be valid, executable x 86-based CPU instructions. This includes a jump instruction that skips the next nonexecutable bytes.
| uint8_t fat32_boot::mediaType |
This dates back to the old MS-DOS 1.x media determination and is no longer usually used for anything. 0xF8 is the standard value for fixed (nonremovable) media. For removable media, 0xF0 is frequently used. Legal values are 0xF0 or 0xF8-0xFF.
| char fat32_boot::oemId[8] |
This is typically a string of characters that identifies the operating system that formatted the volume.
| uint8_t fat32_boot::reserved1 |
used by Windows NT - should be zero for FAT
| uint16_t fat32_boot::reservedSectorCount |
The number of sectors preceding the start of the first FAT, including the boot sector. Must not be zero
| uint16_t fat32_boot::rootDirEntryCount |
FAT12/FAT16 only. For FAT32 volumes, this field must be set to 0.
| uint8_t fat32_boot::sectorsPerCluster |
Number of sectors per allocation unit. This value must be a power of 2 that is greater than 0. The legal values are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128. 128 should be avoided.
| uint16_t fat32_boot::sectorsPerFat16 |
On FAT32 volumes this field must be 0, and sectorsPerFat32 contains the FAT size count.
| uint32_t fat32_boot::sectorsPerFat32 |
Count of sectors occupied by one FAT on FAT32 volumes.
| uint16_t fat32_boot::sectorsPerTrack |
Sectors per track for interrupt 0x13. Not used otherwise.
| uint16_t fat32_boot::totalSectors16 |
For FAT32 volumes, this field must be 0.
| uint32_t fat32_boot::totalSectors32 |
Contains the total number of sectors in the FAT32 volume.
| char fat32_boot::volumeLabel[11] |
A field once used to store the volume label. The volume label is now stored as a special file in the root directory.
| uint32_t fat32_boot::volumeSerialNumber |
A random serial number created when formatting a disk, which helps to distinguish between disks. Usually generated by combining date and time.


Fundraising is an essential part of our team’s season. We need funds for supplies, competition fees, travel costs, and robot building. On top of this our team is a nonprofit organization which runs completly on support from our community. There are many ways people can help our team donations, financial and supplies, funraisers, and sponsorship.
Mark Nowotny
7225 Kingswood Dr
Cheyenne, Wy. 82001


This small port is tucked away up the Huon River and is a great place from which to explore the wilderness of southern Tasmania.
Position 43°09.5'S, 146°57.5'E.
Port Huon : ©/www.marinasguide.com.au
To reach the marina, follow the buoyed channel from the the D'Entrecasteaux Channel. Kermandie Marina is positioned at the junction of the Kermandie and Huon Rivers.
If draft allows, it is possible to go further up the river to the Wooden Boat Centre and Franklin. It is possible to anchor here.
Last updated April 2016.