Some object file control structures can grow, because the ELF header contains their actual sizes. If the object file format changes, a program may encounter control structures that are larger or smaller than expected. Programs might therefore ignore ``extra'' information. The treatment of ``missing'' information depends on context and will be specified when and if extensions are defined.
#define EI_NIDENT 16
Definition ei_nident in elf_header.lem
typedef struct {
unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT];
Elf32_Half e_type;
Elf32_Half e_machine;
Elf32_Word e_version;
Elf32_Addr e_entry;
Elf32_Off e_phoff;
Elf32_Off e_shoff;
Elf32_Word e_flags;
Elf32_Half e_ehsize;
Elf32_Half e_phentsize;
Elf32_Half e_phnum;
Elf32_Half e_shentsize;
Elf32_Half e_shnum;
Elf32_Half e_shstrndx;
} Elf32_Ehdr;
typedef struct {
unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT];
Elf64_Half e_type;
Elf64_Half e_machine;
Elf64_Word e_version;
Elf64_Addr e_entry;
Elf64_Off e_phoff;
Elf64_Off e_shoff;
Elf64_Word e_flags;
Elf64_Half e_ehsize;
Elf64_Half e_phentsize;
Elf64_Half e_phnum;
Elf64_Half e_shentsize;
Elf64_Half e_shnum;
Elf64_Half e_shstrndx;
} Elf64_Ehdr;
Types elf32_header and elf64_header in elf_header.lem.
e_ident
e_type
| Name | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
ET_NONE |
0 |
No file type |
ET_REL |
1 |
Relocatable file |
ET_EXEC |
2 |
Executable file |
ET_DYN |
3 |
Shared object file |
ET_CORE |
4 |
Core file |
ET_LOOS |
0xfe00 |
Operating system-specific |
ET_HIOS |
0xfeff |
Operating system-specific |
ET_LOPROC |
0xff00 |
Processor-specific |
ET_HIPROC |
0xffff |
Processor-specific |
Although the core file contents are unspecified,
type ET_CORE
is reserved to mark the file.
Values from ET_LOOS
through ET_HIOS
(inclusive) are reserved for operating system-specific semantics.
Values from ET_LOPROC
through ET_HIPROC
(inclusive) are reserved for processor-specific semantics. If meanings
are specified, the processor supplement explains them. Other values are
reserved and will be assigned to new object file types as necessary.
Predicates for testing whether a file type is machine- or processor-specific are defined in elf_header.lem.
See is_processor_specific_object_file_type_value for example.
e_machine
| Name | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
EM_NONE |
0 |
No machine |
EM_M32 |
1 |
AT&T WE 32100 |
EM_SPARC |
2 |
SPARC |
EM_386 |
3 |
Intel 80386 |
EM_68K |
4 |
Motorola 68000 |
EM_88K |
5 |
Motorola 88000 |
EM_IAMCU |
6 |
Intel MCU |
EM_860 |
7 |
Intel 80860 |
EM_MIPS |
8 |
MIPS I Architecture |
EM_S370 |
9 |
IBM System/370 Processor |
EM_MIPS_RS3_LE |
10 |
MIPS RS3000 Little-endian |
| reserved | 11-14 |
Reserved for future use |
EM_PARISC |
15 |
Hewlett-Packard PA-RISC |
| reserved | 16 |
Reserved for future use |
EM_VPP500 |
17 |
Fujitsu VPP500 |
EM_SPARC32PLUS |
18 |
Enhanced instruction set SPARC |
EM_960 |
19 |
Intel 80960 |
EM_PPC |
20 |
PowerPC |
EM_PPC64 |
21 |
64-bit PowerPC |
EM_S390 |
22 |
IBM System/390 Processor |
EM_SPU |
23 |
IBM SPU/SPC |
| reserved | 24-35 |
Reserved for future use |
EM_V800 |
36 |
NEC V800 |
EM_FR20 |
37 |
Fujitsu FR20 |
EM_RH32 |
38 |
TRW RH-32 |
EM_RCE |
39 |
Motorola RCE |
EM_ARM |
40 |
ARM 32-bit architecture (AARCH32) |
EM_ALPHA |
41 |
Digital Alpha |
EM_SH |
42 |
Hitachi SH |
EM_SPARCV9 |
43 |
SPARC Version 9 |
EM_TRICORE |
44 |
Siemens TriCore embedded processor |
EM_ARC |
45 |
Argonaut RISC Core, Argonaut Technologies Inc. |
EM_H8_300 |
46 |
Hitachi H8/300 |
EM_H8_300H |
47 |
Hitachi H8/300H |
EM_H8S |
48 |
Hitachi H8S |
EM_H8_500 |
49 |
Hitachi H8/500 |
EM_IA_64 |
50 |
Intel IA-64 processor architecture |
EM_MIPS_X |
51 |
Stanford MIPS-X |
EM_COLDFIRE |
52 |
Motorola ColdFire |
EM_68HC12 |
53 |
Motorola M68HC12 |
EM_MMA |
54 |
Fujitsu MMA Multimedia Accelerator |
EM_PCP |
55 |
Siemens PCP |
EM_NCPU |
56 |
Sony nCPU embedded RISC processor |
EM_NDR1 |
57 |
Denso NDR1 microprocessor |
EM_STARCORE |
58 |
Motorola Star*Core processor |
EM_ME16 |
59 |
Toyota ME16 processor |
EM_ST100 |
60 |
STMicroelectronics ST100 processor |
EM_TINYJ |
61 |
Advanced Logic Corp. TinyJ embedded processor family |
EM_X86_64 |
62 |
AMD x86-64 architecture |
EM_PDSP |
63 |
Sony DSP Processor |
EM_PDP10 |
64 |
Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-10 |
EM_PDP11 |
65 |
Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-11 |
EM_FX66 |
66 |
Siemens FX66 microcontroller |
EM_ST9PLUS |
67 |
STMicroelectronics ST9+ 8/16 bit microcontroller |
EM_ST7 |
68 |
STMicroelectronics ST7 8-bit microcontroller |
EM_68HC16 |
69 |
Motorola MC68HC16 Microcontroller |
EM_68HC11 |
70 |
Motorola MC68HC11 Microcontroller |
EM_68HC08 |
71 |
Motorola MC68HC08 Microcontroller |
EM_68HC05 |
72 |
Motorola MC68HC05 Microcontroller |
EM_SVX |
73 |
Silicon Graphics SVx |
EM_ST19 |
74 |
STMicroelectronics ST19 8-bit microcontroller |
EM_VAX |
75 |
Digital VAX |
EM_CRIS |
76 |
Axis Communications 32-bit embedded processor |
EM_JAVELIN |
77 |
Infineon Technologies 32-bit embedded processor |
EM_FIREPATH |
78 |
Element 14 64-bit DSP Processor |
EM_ZSP |
79 |
LSI Logic 16-bit DSP Processor |
EM_MMIX |
80 |
Donald Knuth's educational 64-bit processor |
EM_HUANY |
81 |
Harvard University machine-independent object files |
EM_PRISM |
82 |
SiTera Prism |
EM_AVR |
83 |
Atmel AVR 8-bit microcontroller |
EM_FR30 |
84 |
Fujitsu FR30 |
EM_D10V |
85 |
Mitsubishi D10V |
EM_D30V |
86 |
Mitsubishi D30V |
EM_V850 |
87 |
NEC v850 |
EM_M32R |
88 |
Mitsubishi M32R |
EM_MN10300 |
89 |
Matsushita MN10300 |
EM_MN10200 |
90 |
Matsushita MN10200 |
EM_PJ |
91 |
picoJava |
EM_OPENRISC |
92 |
OpenRISC 32-bit embedded processor |
EM_ARC_COMPACT |
93 |
ARC International ARCompact processor (old spelling/synonym: EM_ARC_A5) |
EM_XTENSA |
94 |
Tensilica Xtensa Architecture |
EM_VIDEOCORE |
95 |
Alphamosaic VideoCore processor |
EM_TMM_GPP |
96 |
Thompson Multimedia General Purpose Processor |
EM_NS32K |
97 |
National Semiconductor 32000 series |
EM_TPC |
98 |
Tenor Network TPC processor |
EM_SNP1K |
99 |
Trebia SNP 1000 processor |
EM_ST200 |
100 |
STMicroelectronics (www.st.com) ST200 microcontroller |
EM_IP2K |
101 |
Ubicom IP2xxx microcontroller family |
EM_MAX |
102 |
MAX Processor |
EM_CR |
103 |
National Semiconductor CompactRISC microprocessor |
EM_F2MC16 |
104 |
Fujitsu F2MC16 |
EM_MSP430 |
105 |
Texas Instruments embedded microcontroller msp430 |
EM_BLACKFIN |
106 |
Analog Devices Blackfin (DSP) processor |
EM_SE_C33 |
107 |
S1C33 Family of Seiko Epson processors |
EM_SEP |
108 |
Sharp embedded microprocessor |
EM_ARCA |
109 |
Arca RISC Microprocessor |
EM_UNICORE |
110 |
Microprocessor series from PKU-Unity Ltd. and MPRC of Peking University |
EM_EXCESS |
111 |
eXcess: 16/32/64-bit configurable embedded CPU |
EM_DXP |
112 |
Icera Semiconductor Inc. Deep Execution Processor |
EM_ALTERA_NIOS2 |
113 |
Altera Nios II soft-core processor |
EM_CRX |
114 |
National Semiconductor CompactRISC CRX microprocessor |
EM_XGATE |
115 |
Motorola XGATE embedded processor |
EM_C166 |
116 |
Infineon C16x/XC16x processor |
EM_M16C |
117 |
Renesas M16C series microprocessors |
EM_DSPIC30F |
118 |
Microchip Technology dsPIC30F Digital Signal Controller |
EM_CE |
119 |
Freescale Communication Engine RISC core |
EM_M32C |
120 |
Renesas M32C series microprocessors |
| reserved | 121-130 |
Reserved for future use |
EM_TSK3000 |
131 |
Altium TSK3000 core |
EM_RS08 |
132 |
Freescale RS08 embedded processor |
EM_SHARC |
133 |
Analog Devices SHARC family of 32-bit DSP processors |
EM_ECOG2 |
134 |
Cyan Technology eCOG2 microprocessor |
EM_SCORE7 |
135 |
Sunplus S+core7 RISC processor |
EM_DSP24 |
136 |
New Japan Radio (NJR) 24-bit DSP Processor |
EM_VIDEOCORE3 |
137 |
Broadcom VideoCore III processor |
EM_LATTICEMICO32 |
138 |
RISC processor for Lattice FPGA architecture |
EM_SE_C17 |
139 |
Seiko Epson C17 family |
EM_TI_C6000 |
140 |
The Texas Instruments TMS320C6000 DSP family |
EM_TI_C2000 |
141 |
The Texas Instruments TMS320C2000 DSP family |
EM_TI_C5500 |
142 |
The Texas Instruments TMS320C55x DSP family |
EM_TI_ARP32 |
143 |
Texas Instruments Application Specific RISC Processor, 32bit fetch |
EM_TI_PRU |
144 |
Texas Instruments Programmable Realtime Unit |
| reserved | 145-159 |
Reserved for future use |
EM_MMDSP_PLUS |
160 |
|
| reserved | 145-159 |
Reserved for future use |
EM_MMDSP_PLUS |
160 |
STMicroelectronics 64bit VLIW Data Signal Processor |
EM_CYPRESS_M8C |
161 |
Cypress M8C microprocessor |
EM_R32C |
162 |
Renesas R32C series microprocessors |
EM_TRIMEDIA |
163 |
NXP Semiconductors TriMedia architecture family |
EM_QDSP6 |
164 |
QUALCOMM DSP6 Processor |
EM_8051 |
165 |
Intel 8051 and variants |
EM_STXP7X |
166 |
STMicroelectronics STxP7x family of configurable and extensible RISC processors |
EM_NDS32 |
167 |
Andes Technology compact code size embedded RISC processor family |
EM_ECOG1 |
168 |
Cyan Technology eCOG1X family |
EM_ECOG1X |
168 |
Cyan Technology eCOG1X family |
EM_MAXQ30 |
169 |
Dallas Semiconductor MAXQ30 Core Micro-controllers |
EM_XIMO16 |
170 |
New Japan Radio (NJR) 16-bit DSP Processor |
EM_MANIK |
171 |
M2000 Reconfigurable RISC Microprocessor |
EM_CRAYNV2 |
172 |
Cray Inc. NV2 vector architecture |
EM_RX |
173 |
Renesas RX family |
EM_METAG |
174 |
Imagination Technologies META processor architecture |
EM_MCST_ELBRUS |
175 |
MCST Elbrus general purpose hardware architecture |
EM_ECOG16 |
176 |
Cyan Technology eCOG16 family |
EM_CR16 |
177 |
National Semiconductor CompactRISC CR16 16-bit microprocessor |
EM_ETPU |
178 |
Freescale Extended Time Processing Unit |
EM_SLE9X |
179 |
Infineon Technologies SLE9X core |
EM_L10M |
180 |
Intel L10M |
EM_K10M |
181 |
Intel K10M |
| reserved | 182 |
Reserved for future Intel use |
EM_AARCH64 |
183 |
ARM 64-bit architecture (AARCH64) |
| reserved | 184 |
Reserved for future ARM use |
EM_AVR32 |
185 |
Atmel Corporation 32-bit microprocessor family |
EM_STM8 |
186 |
STMicroeletronics STM8 8-bit microcontroller |
EM_TILE64 |
187 |
Tilera TILE64 multicore architecture family |
EM_TILEPRO |
188 |
Tilera TILEPro multicore architecture family |
EM_MICROBLAZE |
189 |
Xilinx MicroBlaze 32-bit RISC soft processor core |
EM_CUDA |
190 |
NVIDIA CUDA architecture |
EM_TILEGX |
191 |
Tilera TILE-Gx multicore architecture family |
EM_CLOUDSHIELD |
192 |
CloudShield architecture family |
EM_COREA_1ST |
193 |
KIPO-KAIST Core-A 1st generation processor family |
EM_COREA_2ND |
194 |
KIPO-KAIST Core-A 2nd generation processor family |
EM_ARC_COMPACT2 |
195 |
Synopsys ARCompact V2 |
EM_OPEN8 |
196 |
Open8 8-bit RISC soft processor core |
EM_RL78 |
197 |
Renesas RL78 family |
EM_VIDEOCORE5 |
198 |
Broadcom VideoCore V processor |
EM_78KOR |
199 |
Renesas 78KOR family |
EM_56800EX |
200 |
Freescale 56800EX Digital Signal Controller (DSC) |
EM_BA1 |
201 |
Beyond BA1 CPU architecture |
EM_BA2 |
202 |
Beyond BA2 CPU architecture |
EM_XCORE |
203 |
XMOS xCORE processor family |
EM_MCHP_PIC |
204 |
Microchip 8-bit PIC(r) family |
EM_INTEL205 |
205 |
Reserved by Intel |
EM_INTEL206 |
206 |
Reserved by Intel |
EM_INTEL207 |
207 |
Reserved by Intel |
EM_INTEL208 |
208 |
Reserved by Intel |
EM_INTEL209 |
209 |
Reserved by Intel |
EM_KM32 |
210 |
KM211 KM32 32-bit processor |
EM_KMX32 |
211 |
KM211 KMX32 32-bit processor |
EM_KMX16 |
212 |
KM211 KMX16 16-bit processor |
EM_KMX8 |
213 |
KM211 KMX8 8-bit processor |
EM_KVARC |
214 |
KM211 KVARC processor |
EM_CDP |
215 |
Paneve CDP architecture family |
EM_COGE |
216 |
Cognitive Smart Memory Processor |
EM_COOL |
217 |
Bluechip Systems CoolEngine |
EM_NORC |
218 |
Nanoradio Optimized RISC |
EM_CSR_KALIMBA |
219 |
CSR Kalimba architecture family |
EM_Z80 |
220 |
Zilog Z80 |
EM_VISIUM |
221 |
Controls and Data Services VISIUMcore processor |
EM_FT32 |
222 |
FTDI Chip FT32 high performance 32-bit RISC architecture |
EM_MOXIE |
223 |
Moxie processor family |
EM_AMDGPU |
224 |
AMD GPU architecture |
|
225 - 242 |
|
EM_RISCV |
243 |
RISC-V |
Other values are reserved and will be assigned to new machines
as necessary.
Processor-specific ELF names use the machine name to distinguish them.
For example, the flags mentioned below use the
prefix EF_
;
a flag named WIDGET
for the EM_XYZ
machine would be called EF_XYZ_WIDGET
.
e_version
| Name | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
EV_NONE |
0 |
Invalid version |
EV_CURRENT |
1 |
Current version |
The value 1
signifies the original file format;
extensions will create new versions with higher numbers.
Although the value of EV_CURRENT
is shown as 1
in the previous table, it will
change as necessary to reflect the current version number.
A predicate is_valid_extended_version_number is provided in elf_header.lem for checking extended versions of the file version.
e_entry
e_phoff
e_shoff
e_flags
EF_
machine_flag. e_ehsize
e_phentsize
e_phnum
e_phentsize
and e_phnum
gives the
table's size in bytes.
If a file has no program header table, e_phnum
holds the value zero.
See functions get_elfXX_header_program_table_size for XX=32,64 in elf_header.lem for this calculation.
e_shentsize
e_shnum
e_shentsize
and
e_shnum
gives the
section header table's size in bytes.
If a file has no section header table,
e_shnum
holds the value zero.
See functions get_elfXX_header_program_table_size for XX=32,64 in elf_header.lem for this calculation.
If the number of sections is greater than or equal to
SHN_LORESERVE
(0xff00
), this member
has the value zero and the actual number of section header table
entries is contained in the sh_size
field of
the section header at index 0
.
(Otherwise, the sh_size
member of the initial entry
contains 0
.)
See functions is_elfXX_header_section_size_in_section_header_table for XX=32,64 in elf_header.lem.
e_shstrndx
SHN_UNDEF
.
See ``Sections''
and ``String Table'' below
for more information.
See has_elfXX_header_string_table for XX=32,64 in elf_header.lem.
If the section name string table section index is greater than or equal to
SHN_LORESERVE
(0xff00
), this member
has the value SHN_XINDEX
(0xffff
) and the
actual index of the section name string table section
is contained in the sh_link
field of
the section header at index 0
.
(Otherwise, the sh_link
member of the initial entry
contains 0
.)
See functions is_elfXX_header_string_table_index_in_link for XX=32,64 in elf_header.lem.
As mentioned above, ELF provides an object file framework to support multiple processors, multiple data encodings, and multiple classes of machines. To support this object file family, the initial bytes of the file specify how to interpret the file, independent of the processor on which the inquiry is made and independent of the file's remaining contents.
The initial bytes of an ELF header (and an object file) correspond to
the e_ident
member.
e_ident[]
Identification Indexes
| Name | Value | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
EI_MAG0 |
0 |
File identification |
EI_MAG1 |
1 |
File identification |
EI_MAG2 |
2 |
File identification |
EI_MAG3 |
3 |
File identification |
EI_CLASS |
4 |
File class |
EI_DATA |
5 |
Data encoding |
EI_VERSION |
6 |
File version |
EI_OSABI |
7 |
Operating system/ABI identification |
EI_ABIVERSION |
8 |
ABI version |
EI_PAD |
9 |
Start of padding bytes |
EI_NIDENT |
16 |
Size of e_ident[] |
These indexes access bytes that hold the following values.
EI_MAG0
to EI_MAG3
| Name | Value | Position |
|---|---|---|
ELFMAG0 |
0x7f |
e_ident[EI_MAG0] |
ELFMAG1 |
'E' |
e_ident[EI_MAG1] |
ELFMAG2 |
'L' |
e_ident[EI_MAG2] |
ELFMAG3 |
'F' |
e_ident[EI_MAG3] |
EI_CLASS
e_ident[EI_CLASS]
, identifies the
file's class, or capacity.
| Name | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
ELFCLASSNONE |
0 |
Invalid class |
ELFCLASS32 |
1 |
32-bit objects |
ELFCLASS64 |
2 |
64-bit objects |
The file format is designed to be portable among machines of various sizes, without imposing the sizes of the largest machine on the smallest. The class of the file defines the basic types used by the data structures of the object file container itself. The data contained in object file sections may follow a different programming model. If so, the processor supplement describes the model used.
Class ELFCLASS32
supports machines with
32-bit architectures. It
uses the basic types defined in the table
labeled ``32-Bit Data Types.''
Class ELFCLASS64
supports machines with 64-bit
architectures. It uses the basic types defined in the table
labeled ``64-Bit Data Types.''
Other classes will be defined as necessary, with different basic types and sizes for object file data.
EI_DATA
e_ident[EI_DATA]
specifies the
encoding of both the data structures used by object file container
and data contained in object file sections.
The following encodings are currently defined.
| Name | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
ELFDATANONE |
0 |
Invalid data encoding |
ELFDATA2LSB |
1 |
See below |
ELFDATA2MSB |
2 |
See below |
Other values are reserved and will be assigned to new encodings as necessary.
EI_VERSION
e_ident[EI_VERSION]
specifies the
ELF header version
number. Currently, this value must be EV_CURRENT
,
as explained above for e_version
.
See functions get_elfXX_version_number and is_valid_elfXX_version_number (for XX=32,64) to obtain and check the correctness of the ELF version number, respectively.
EI_OSABI
e_ident[EI_OSABI]
identifies the
OS- or ABI-specific ELF extensions used by this file.
Some fields in other ELF structures have flags and values
that have operating system and/or ABI specific meanings;
the interpretation of those fields is determined by the value of this byte.
If the object file does not use any extensions,
it is recommended that this byte be set to 0
.
If the value for this byte is 64
through 255
,
its meaning depends on the value of the e_machine
header member.
The ABI processor supplement for an architecture
can define its own associated set of values for this byte in this range.
If the processor supplement does not specify a set of values,
one of the following values shall be used,
where 0
can also be taken to mean unspecified.
| Name | Value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
ELFOSABI_NONE |
0 |
No extensions or unspecified |
ELFOSABI_HPUX |
1 |
Hewlett-Packard HP-UX |
ELFOSABI_NETBSD |
2 |
NetBSD |
ELFOSABI_GNU |
3 |
GNU |
ELFOSABI_LINUX |
3 |
Linux historical - alias for ELFOSABI_GNU |
ELFOSABI_SOLARIS |
6 |
Sun Solaris |
ELFOSABI_AIX |
7 |
AIX |
ELFOSABI_IRIX |
8 |
IRIX |
ELFOSABI_FREEBSD |
9 |
FreeBSD |
ELFOSABI_TRU64 |
10 |
Compaq TRU64 UNIX |
ELFOSABI_MODESTO |
11 |
Novell Modesto |
ELFOSABI_OPENBSD |
12 |
Open BSD |
ELFOSABI_OPENVMS |
13 |
Open VMS |
ELFOSABI_NSK |
14 |
Hewlett-Packard Non-Stop Kernel |
ELFOSABI_AROS |
15 |
Amiga Research OS |
ELFOSABI_FENIXOS |
16 |
The FenixOS highly scalable multi-core OS |
ELFOSABI_CLOUDABI |
17 |
Nuxi CloudABI |
ELFOSABI_OPENVOS |
18 |
Stratus Technologies OpenVOS |
64-255 |
Architecture-specific value range |
EI_ABIVERSION
e_ident[EI_ABIVERSION]
identifies the
version of the ABI to which the object is targeted.
This field is used to distinguish among incompatible versions
of an ABI. The interpretation of this version number
is dependent on the ABI identified by the EI_OSABI
field. If no values are specified for the EI_OSABI
field by the processor supplement or no version values are
specified for the ABI determined by a particular value of the
EI_OSABI
byte, the value 0
shall
be used for the EI_ABIVERSION
byte; it
indicates unspecified.
See functions get_elfXX_abi_version for XX=32,64 to extract the ABI version in elf_header.lem.
EI_PAD
e_ident
. These bytes are reserved and set to zero;
programs that read object files
should ignore them. The value of EI_PAD
will
change in the future if currently unused bytes are given
meanings.
A file's data encoding specifies how to interpret the basic objects
in a file. Class ELFCLASS32
files use objects
that occupy 1, 2, and 4 bytes. Class ELFCLASS64
files
use objects that occupy 1, 2, 4, and 8 bytes. Under the defined
encodings, objects are represented as shown below.
See function deduce_endianness in elf_header.lem for extraction of file endianness.
See also Lem file endianness.lem for functions and types for working with endianness.
Encoding ELFDATA2LSB
specifies 2's complement values,
with the least significant byte occupying the lowest address.
ELFDATA2LSB
, byte address zero on the left
| 01 |
| 02 | 01 |
| 04 | 03 | 02 | 01 |
| 08 | 07 | 06 | 05 | 04 | 03 | 02 | 01 |
Encoding ELFDATA2MSB
specifies 2's complement values,
with the most significant byte occupying the lowest address.
ELFDATA2MSB
, byte address zero on the left
| 01 |
| 01 | 02 |
| 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 |
| 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 |


RoutingResolveContext(routing: Route, call: ApplicationCall)
Represents a context in which routing resolution is being performed
routing - root node for resolution to start at
routing
call - instance of ApplicationCall to use during resolution
call


A testing workbench for evaluating precision-recall curves under various conditions.
| Version: | 0.7.3 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.2.3) |
| Imports: | ROCR (≥ 1.0-7), PRROC (≥ 1.1), precrec (≥ 0.1), rJava (≥ 0.9-7), R6 (≥ 2.1.1), assertthat (≥ 0.1), grid, gridExtra (≥ 2.0.0), graphics, ggplot2 (≥ 2.1.0), methods, memoise (≥ 1.0.0) |
| Suggests: | microbenchmark (≥ 1.4-2.1), PerfMeas (≥ 1.2.1), testthat (≥ 0.11.0), knitr (≥ 1.11), rmarkdown (≥ 0.8.1) |
| Published: | 2017-04-20 |
| Author: | Takaya Saito [aut, cre], Marc Rehmsmeier [aut] |
| Maintainer: | Takaya Saito <takaya.saito at outlook.com> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/takayasaito/prcbench/issues |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| URL: | http://takayasaito.github.io/prcbench/, https://github.com/takayasaito/prcbench |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Citation: | prcbench citation info |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | prcbench results |
| Reference manual: | prcbench.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Introduction to prcbench |
| Package source: | prcbench_0.7.3.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: prcbench_0.7.3.zip, r-release: prcbench_0.7.3.zip, r-oldrel: prcbench_0.7.3.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: prcbench_0.7.3.tgz, r-oldrel: prcbench_0.7.3.tgz |
| Old sources: | prcbench archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=prcbench to link to this page.


{{#each surveys}} <<<<<<< HEAD
question_answer
{{TITLE}}
{{DESCRIPTION}}
delete
=======
question_answer
{{TITLE}}
{{DESCRIPTION}}
delete
>>>>>>> b7e6627667f1c529a28f98fc9b6c4633aac88abb {{/each}}
{{> SurveyCreate}}
add
{{> SurveyUpdate data=this}}


junit - automated testing framework for Java
junit [option] TestCaseName ...
junit is a simple framework for writing and running automated tests. As a political gesture, it celebrates programmers testing their own software.
A summary of options are included below.
\TestCaseName TestCaseName is name of TestCase class.
-help Show summary of options.
-text using text user interface.
-awt using awt user interface.
-swing using swing user interface.
This manual page was written by Takashi Okamoto<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others).


Hi! My name is Greg Mireles!
Software Development Engineer (SDE)
for Amazon Web Services (AWS).
About Me
My name is Greg Mireles and I am originally from San Antonio, Texas. I am a U.S. Army Veteran with 10 years of Active-Duty service. In the Army, I was a Special Operations Communications Sergeant and a Telecommunications Operations Chief, which is where I developed and honed my technological skill set.
I have had multiple combat deployments overseas, mainly Afghanistan, Iraq, and Africa. I exited the Military in December of 2013 and immediately moved to New York, where my new job was at with Harris Corporation, RF Division.
While at Harris, I was a Technical Trainer 2, where I flew around the world training customers on Advanced Radio Communications. After a year in this capacity, I decided that I needed to attend college to finsih my undergraduate degree.
At this point, I resigned from Harris and moved to Tacoma, WA to pursue my educational goals.
In the summer of 2018, I graduated from The University of Washington Tacoma, with a Bachelor of Arts in Sustainable Urban Development, with a concentration in Geographic Information Systems.
In the Fall of 2019 I started graduate school at UWT as a candidate of the MSc. in Geospatial Technologies program. Fast-forward a year later and I now have my MSc. in Geospatial Technologies and am currently working as a Software Development Engineer for Amazon Web Services (AWS).
Thank you for taking the time to read this and I hope you enjoy the site!
Contact
Please fill out the required info below and I will get back
in touch with you soon!
Thank You!!


NATHAN JEON
SUMMARY
EDUCATION
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PERSONAL DETAILS
Gender:
Male
Birth:
Mar. 1992
Location:
Vienna, Austria (Apr. 2021)
Marital Status:
Single
Nationality:
Korean (South)
Military Status:
Duty Completed
CONTACTS
e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Title:
Mr.
Mrs.
Ms.
No title
Your name:
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Content
TO THE HOME


Let's face it, tables are a part of life, be it for tabular data or *gasp* design. Okay, forget I mentioned that second part.
Regardless of what you use tables for, you may find yourself wanting to display subsets of data, which with tables can get
to be clunky and often times an eyesore.
Enter SubRows.
SubRows will give you a lightweight javascript solution for displaying/hiding subsets of data. It provides no styles of its
own -- it's css is purely for functional purposes, leaving you, the designer, with the freedom to design and display your
tables however you choose. SubRows is also customizable to help you get the end result that you want.
Enjoy!
In its simplest form, SubRows needs one line of javascript, executed on the "parent" rows of your table.
Show Code
Javascript:

HTML:

Collections

Movies

Title
Format

Black Hawk Down	DVD

Independence Day	DVD

Inception	Blu Ray

Fight Club	DVD

Good Will Hunting	DVD

The Departed	Blu Ray

Avatar	Blu Ray

Music

...

| Collections | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Movies | ||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
| Music | ||||||||||||||||||
| Books | ||||||||||||||||||
|
You have full control over SubRows. Take advantage of the options, like in this example where I customize the speed of each subrow expansion.
Show Code
Javascript:

| Collections | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Movies | ||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
| Music | ||||||||||||||||||
| Books | ||||||||||||||||||
|
subrowClass - The class name that is applied to all subrow
 elements.
iconClass - The class name that is applied to the  in the parent row which contains the toggle icon
activeClass - The class applied to the iconClass when it is toggled to its active state
defaultClass - The class applied to the iconClass when it is toggled to its default state
emptyClass - The class applied to the iconClass which acts as filler space. This class is used to provide spacing consistency between rows which have subrows and those that do not.
speed - The speed at which the subrows expand and contract at. It can be either "slow", "normal", "fast" or an integer value representing the speed in milliseconds.
subRowWrapperClass - The class that is applied to the
 which wraps the content of the subrow row.


|
App Engine Python SDK
v1.6.9 rev.445
The Python runtime is available as an experimental Preview feature.
|
Public Member Functions | |
| def | __init__ |
| def | __str__ |
| def | GetEntity |
| def | GetNext |
| def | CmpProperties |
| def | __cmp__ |
Allow entity comparisons using provided orderings. The iterator passed to the constructor is eventually consumed via calls to GetNext(), which generate new SortOrderEntity s with the same orderings.
| def google.appengine.api.datastore.MultiQuery.SortOrderEntity.__init__ | ( | self, | |
| entity_iterator, | |||
| orderings | |||
| ) |
Ctor. Args: entity_iterator: an iterator of entities which will be wrapped. orderings: an iterable of (identifier, order) pairs. order should be either Query.ASCENDING or Query.DESCENDING.
| def google.appengine.api.datastore.MultiQuery.SortOrderEntity.__cmp__ | ( | self, | |
| that | |||
| ) |
Compare self to that w.r.t. values defined in the sort order. Compare an entity with another, using sort-order first, then the key order to break ties. This can be used in a heap to have faster min-value lookup. Args: that: other entity to compare to Returns: negative: if self is less than that in sort order zero: if self is equal to that in sort order positive: if self is greater than that in sort order
| def google.appengine.api.datastore.MultiQuery.SortOrderEntity.CmpProperties | ( | self, | |
| that | |||
| ) |
Compare two entities and return their relative order. Compares self to that based on the current sort orderings and the key orders between them. Returns negative, 0, or positive depending on whether self is less, equal to, or greater than that. This comparison returns as if all values were to be placed in ascending order (highest value last). Only uses the sort orderings to compare (ignores keys). Args: that: SortOrderEntity Returns: Negative if self < that Zero if self == that Positive if self > that
| def google.appengine.api.datastore.MultiQuery.SortOrderEntity.GetEntity | ( | self | ) |
Gets the wrapped entity.
| def google.appengine.api.datastore.MultiQuery.SortOrderEntity.GetNext | ( | self | ) |
Wrap and return the next entity. The entity is retrieved from the iterator given at construction time.


@@include('./_head.ejs.html')
Skip to main content
Minneapolis Mayor by precinct (1st choice)
Minneapolis Mayor by precinct (2nd choice)
Minneapolis Mayor by precinct (3rd choice)
St. Paul Mayor by precinct (1st choice)
St. Paul Mayor by precinct (2nd choice)
St. Paul Mayor by precinct (3rd choice)
<% if (config.js && config.js.globals) { config.js.globals.forEach(function(s) { %>
<% }); } %>


Proofs¶
Below you'll find proofs, derivations, and numerical validations
of the principal equations in the
starry paper.
Any equation labeled with the
icon links to one of the proofs on this page.
- Equation (7)
- Equation (11)
- Equation (20)
- Equation (25)
- Equation (34)
- Equation (38)
- Equation (40)
- Equations (A5), (A9)
- Equations (B11), (B12), (B13)
- Equations (C15), (C16), (C17), (C20)
- Equation (D22)
- Equation (D29)
- Equation (D32)
- Equations (D33), (D34)
- Equations (D35), (D39)
- Equation (D41)
- Equation (D42)
- Equations (D44), (D46)
- Equation (D48)
- Equation (D49)
- Equation (D50)
- Equation (D51)


Its only when you completely burn all the bridges that are holding you to the past and start thinking in a different way that you can win in life
Believing that i deserve the best doesn't make me ungrateful of what i have and accomplished so far rather that inspires me to achieve more at a tender age
I look upon making world my class since the world holds alot in hand for one to learn and do other than confining my class as a world making one limited and unable to stretch more out of their comfort zone


Welcome to Roster Guru!
Just a couple of housekeeping items and then you can get started.
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What is JavaScript (high level)
- A programming language
- Implemented in browsers, and elsewhere!
- A standard (ECMAScript 5.1) (more info)
- Old news, but to be clear, nothing to do with Java
What is JavaScript (low level)
- A way (but not the only way) to add interactivity to a web page
- Add, remove, and modify parts of a web page via the DOM
- Retreive data from various APIs for use in the browser
How is it used in the browser?
- Attributes of an HTML tag (not recommended)
- Via <script> tag
Attributes of a HTML tag
<p onclick="execute some stuff">
Yeah, don't do this.
Script Tag
<script type="text/javascript" src="somefile.js" />
<script type="text/javascript">
code here...
</script>
Playing (I mean learning)
- Create a blank HTML file
- Drop in a script block
- Write JS
- View in browser
- Just like HTML...
Playing (online)
jsbin.com
Playing (online)
jsfiddle.net
Language Bits
- Dynamically/Weak typed
- Some core types and objects
- Case sensitive
- Prototype based (maybe not "pure" OO but let's not get picky)
Types of variables
-
Simple (aka primitive) values
- numbers, booleans (true or false), strings (letters), null, and undefined
-
Complex values
- Arrays, functions, objects
- Variables must start with a letter, underscore (_), or dollar sign ($); subsequent characters can also be digits (0-9). Because JavaScript is case sensitive, letters include the characters "A" through "Z" (uppercase) and the characters "a" through "z" (lowercase). [Credit: MDN]
Examples
x = 9;
y = 1.2;
z = "Ray";
x = 'Mond';
beer = true;
Numbers
- Numbers in JS are "double-precision 64-bit format IEEE 754 values"
- In English: They do weird crap with decimals
- You aren't landing on the Moon with this
- 0.1 + 0.2 == 0.30000000000000004
- Perfectly fine for normal mathematical operations
Robust Math
- +,-,*,/
- % (modulo, or remainder), parenthesis
- Math object provides a variety of basic operations
- Math.sin(), Math.cos(), Math.PI
- Infinity and -Infinity
- Other functions
Strings
- Delimited by double or single quotes
- Must be escaped (\) inside
- Ex: "The quote is \"We rule!\""
- Ex: 'The quote is "We rule!"'
- Special characters exist: \n for newline
Robust Strings
- You can add strings together. "Ray" + " " + "Camden"
- Length property
- Methods like charAt, endsWith, indexOf, split
- These act on the variables itself
Numbers and Strings
x = "1";
y = 2;
alert(x+y);
parseInt and parseFloat
- parseInt(input, radix)
- Just use 10 for radix
x = "1";
y = 2;
x = parseInt(x, 10);
alert(x+y);
Control
- if+else
- while and do while
- switch
- for
if
if(some condition) do something
if(some condition) {
do something
}
What the heck is ==?
- x=1 implies an assignment. "I'm setting x equal to 1."
- so if(x=1) means if( is the result of setting x to 1 true?)
- x==1 implies comparison
- Note: === also exists
if/else
if(some condition) {
do something
} else {
do something else
}
There is no "elseif"
if(some condition) {
do something
} else if(something else) {
do something else
} else {
ok I give up
}
While and Do/While
- Runs while something is true
- While may never run
- Do While always runs once
While Example
x = 5;
while(x < 10) {
alert(x);
x = x-1;
}
Do While Example
x = 5;
do {
alert(x);
x = x-1;
} while(x > 1)
Switch
Good for lots of IF type checks
Ugly, but workable, If example
x = 5;
if(x == 1) {
do something
} else if(x == 2) {
do something else
} else if(x == 3) {
do yet another thing
} else if(x == 4 ) {
my god r we done yet
} else {
finally
}
Better, because I said so
x = 5;
switch(x) {
case 1: {
do something;
break;
}
case 2: {
do something;
break;
}
case 3: {
do something;
break;
}
case 4: {
do something;
break;
}
default: {
the final option;
}
}
for
- Looping X times
- Useful when iterating over a list
for(x=1; x < 5; x=x+1) {
alert(x);
}
for(y=10; y > 0; y=y-2) {
alert(y);
}
for(x=1; x < 5; x++) {
alert(x);
}
Comments
- Two styles: One line and Multi line
//This is a single line comment
/*
This is a multi line comment.
Yeah, multiple lines.
*/
var x = 1; //Wow, x is 1
Arrays and Objects
- Both used to store data together in a collection
- Arrays store data in a numeric index
- A set of data you want to retrieve in a numbered format, use an array. Ex: 10 scores of a football team.
- Objects store data in a keyed index
- A set of data you want to retrieve by a named key, use an object. Ex: The team's coach is X, the team's QB is Y.
- Imagine an object with values for the coach and QB as well as the scores
Arrays
- Can be declared literally or in a fancy verbose manner.
x = new Array();
x[0] = "Ray";
x[1] = "Camden";
y = ["Ray", "Camden"];
Arrays
- All have a length property
- Indexed by numbers... that start at 0
- And have methods (push, pop, sort, slice, concat, etc)
Objects
- Can be declared literally or in a fancy verbose manner.
team = new Object();
team.coach = "Sean Peyton";
team["quaterback dude"] = "Noah Camden";
team = {coach:"Ray", "quarterback dude":"Camden"};
Functions
- Allow you to abstract and reuse a "process"
- Basic idea is - if you find yourself repeating something, stop
Example
function someprocess() {
do magic
return a value
}
function someotherprocess(input) {
based on input, do stuff
return the result
}
Scopes
- Implicit Global Scope
- Function local scope
The Fix
- var keyword
- Marks the variable as belonging to the function
Custom Objects
Fancy way of saying - some code that will create an object for me.
Example
function makeTeam(name) {
var team = {};
team.name = name;
team.scores = [];
return team;
}
var saints = makeTeam("Saints");
alert(saints.name);
Custom Objects
But we can do more - an object may contain both data and behavior!
Example
function makeTeam(name) {
var team = {};
team.name = name;
team.scores = [];
team.addScore = function(x) {
team.scores.push(x);
}
return team;
}
var saints = makeTeam("Saints");
saints.addScore(9);
alert(saints.scores[0]);
Custom Objects - New and This
We can also create constructors, which support a concept of creating objects via the new syntax. The This scope then refers to the current instant of the object.
Example
function Team(name) {
this.name = name;
this.scores = [];
this.addScore = function(x) {
this.scores.push(x);
}
}
var saints = new Team("Saints");
saints.addScore(9);
alert(saints.scores[0]);
Custom Objects - Prototype
- Every object has a prototype
- Think of it like the mold to make a new toy
- You can add properties to a prototype that are shared automatically
Example
function Team(name) {
this.name = name;
this.scores = [];
}
Team.prototype.addScore = function(x) {
this.scores.push(x);
}
var saints = new Team("Saints");
saints.addScore(9);
alert(saints.scores[0]);
Inner Functions
- You saw an example of this earlier
- Useful way to abstract a utility within a utility itself
Example
function doX(name) {
var x = 0;
var result = "";
function doSomethingSpecial() {
x++;
}
doSomethingSpecial();
result = "I called my inner func "+x+" times.";
return result;
}
alert(doX());
Closures
Closures
- A way for a function to create a function
- ... that still has access to the scope it was created in
Example (THX MDN!)
function makeAdder(x) {
return function(y) {
return x+y;
}
}
addOne = makeAdder(1);
addTwo = makeAdder(2);
alert(addOne(9));
alert(addTwo(10));
The Document Object Model
- Standard, uniform API for HTML (and XML)
- This is how you interact with the page being shown
- Adding, modifying, and remove items from the DOM
- Listening for events on the DOM
Using the DOM
- Just more top level objects
- window
- document
- element
- nodeList (list of elements)
- attribute
- namedNodeMap (collection of attributes)
- console (crucial for testing!!)
Common APIs
- document.getElementById(id)
- element.innerHTML
- element.getElementsByTagName(name)
- document.createElement(name)
- element.set(get)Attribute
- element.addEventListener
- window.onload
Practical Example (in English)
Modify the submit button so that when clicked, I get the value of a form field. If
the value isn't to my liking, I prevent the form from being submitting and modify the contents of a DIV tag to report an error.


wordcloud: Word Clouds
Functionality to create pretty word clouds, visualize differences and similarity between documents, and avoid over-plotting in scatter plots with text.
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
| Reverse depends: |
DeducerText, GNAR |
| Reverse imports: |
corpustools, edgar, gcite, inpdfr, Mobilize, PubMedWordcloud, qdap, R.temis, rbefdata, RNewsflow, smacof, SOMbrero, statquotes, TELP, textmining |
| Reverse suggests: |
fivethirtyeight, ggwordcloud, HSAUR2, HSAUR3, PGRdup, quanteda, stm, textmineR, tidytext |
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=wordcloud
to link to this page.


GREAT (Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool) is a type of functional enrichment analysis directly performed on genomic regions. This package implements the GREAT algorithm (the local GREAT analysis), also it supports directly interacting with the GREAT web service (the online GREAT analysis). Both analysis can be viewed by a Shiny application.
rGREAT is available on Bioconductor (http://bioconductor.org/packages/devel/bioc/html/rGREAT.html)
if(!requireNamespace("BiocManager", quietly = TRUE)) {
install.packages("BiocManager")
}
BiocManager::install("rGREAT")
If you want the latest version, install it directly from GitHub:
library(devtools)
install_github("jokergoo/rGREAT")
rGREAT: an R/Bioconductor package for functional enrichment on genomic regions Zuguang Gu, Daniel Hübschmann Bioinformatics, btac745, https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac745
With online GREAT analysis, the input regions will be directly submitted to GREAT server, and the results are automatically retrieved from GREAT server.
set.seed(123)
gr = randomRegions(nr = 1000, genome = "hg19")
job = submitGreatJob(gr)
tbl = getEnrichmentTables(job)
rGREAT also implements the GREAT algorithms locally and it can be seamlessly integrated to the Bioconductor annotation ecosystem. This means, theoretically, with rGREAT, it is possible to perform GREAT analysis with any organism and with any type of gene set collection / ontology
res = great(gr, "MSigDB:H", "TxDb.Hsapiens.UCSC.hg19.knownGene")
tb = getEnrichmentTable(res)
To apply great()
on other organisms, set the biomart_dataset
argument:
# giant panda
great(gr, "GO:BP", biomart_dataset = "amelanoleuca_gene_ensembl")
For more details, please go to the package vignettes.


Along with my studies i have also explored myself in the field of web development and object oriented programing where i mainly use c++ and python for coding. And in the field of web apart from my knowledge my future goal is MERN fullstack development. i use visual code for coding and wamp for local server.
i have been part of music club of galgotia (gmc)since the start of my college and also became a member of galgotia's technical club (team enthiran) a year later, along with this i have also played role in departmental club(extreme club)
This is an online training course completed on internshala online training plateform. I learned about the basic concept of web development. From this training, i able to uderstand the concept of frontend with the use of html, css, bootstrap while for the database i learned MySQLi and lastly learned basic concept of php as an server language.
Download Certificate here.This is an online training course completed on internshala online training plateform. I learned about the basic concept of web development. From this training, i able to uderstand the concept of frontend with the use of html, css, bootstrap while for the database i learned MySQLi and lastly learned basic concept of php as an server language.
Download Certificate here.This is an online training course completed on Coursera online training plateform. with the help of this training. I have learned the basic of programing in python and the utilisation of high-level data types such as list and dictionaries as well with the object oriented programing concept.
Download Certificate here.This is an online training course completed on Coursera online training plateform. with the help of this training. I have learned the basic of programing concept of JavaScript and the utilisation of the object oriented programing concept. For the web, i have gained the working knowledge of dom which help in making website more interactive.
Download Certificate here.


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ASK questions Rajuk mobile court drive on its office
by bdnews24.comThere may be “something else” behind the fines a Rajuk mobile court slapped the Ain O Salish Kendra or ASK with for operating office in a residential building in Dhaka, the legal aid and human rights organisation suspects.
ASK questioned the drive of the capital’s development agency at a press conference on Friday, a day after the raid at Lalmatia.
The way the Rajuk conducted the drive was an “existential threat” to the non-profit groups related to the people’s welfare, development, and human rights, the organisation fears.
The ASK has been operating by renting four apartments in a five-storey building. Seven more organisations set up offices on different floors of the building.
But the Rajuk officials threatened to arrest the ASK staffers and to seal off the office even though the organisation was only a tenant, ASK Executive Director Sheepa Hafiza said in a written statement.
Accusing the mobile court of “taking confession forcefully”, she said, "So it is reasonable to raise the question whether there was any ulterior motive behind the fines slapped on the ASK.”
On Thursday, the mobile court fined the organisations operating in the building total Tk 600,000, including ASK Tk 200,000. The owners were fined Tk 700,000 for renting out a residential building on official purposes.
Executive Magistrate Jasmine Akhter ordered all organisations to leave the building within two months.
“I’ve never heard that a mobile court asked an NGO why it is operating in a rented house. We tried to understand why we drew wrath. The law that is not applicable to us has been imposed on us. There may be some other reason,” Hafiza said.
The ASK also questioned the Rajuk mobile court’s attitude and behaviour.
ASK has long been saying that parts of the mobile court law are debatable.
“They only accept cash, but it is difficult for a small organisation to pay a large amount in cash all of a sudden. They threatened to arrest our staffers if they could not pay within 30 minutes,” Hafiza said.
“We tried to make them understand for two and a half hours that tenants have nothing to do with the building law. They didn't want to understand it. Which means they can abet a crime if the law is not clear to them,” she said.
ASK Secretary General Tahmina Rahman questioned the mobile court order and the process of its operation saying, "The decision of the Rajuk’s mobile court is unacceptable.”


@* * Copyright 2021 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @(printFriendly: Boolean = false)(implicit message : Messages)
@Messages("awrs.index_page.changes.answer.para_1")
@Messages("awrs.index_page.changes.answer.para_2")
@printFriendly match { case true => {@Messages("awrs.index_page.changes.answer.para_3_link") @Messages("awrs.index_page.changes.answer.para_3")
} case false => {@Messages("awrs.index_page.changes.answer.para_3_link") @Messages("awrs.index_page.changes.answer.para_3")
} }


Substance skin can have an optional watermark. The watermark of the current skin is painted over the background of most of the containers (such as panels, tool bars etc). While most action components (such as buttons or combo boxes) do not show the watermark overlay, a specific skin can define a custom alpha value for certain component states (mostly disabled). In this case, the watermark painting from the parent will be partially displayed on the child component.
There is no need to mark your containers as non-opaque to get the watermark painting. The core library comes with four watermarks. Additional watermarks are bundled with the extras pack.
Due to performance considerations, it is recommended not to use any watermark at all. This results in about 20-30% improvement for both static and dynamic scenarios.
/**
* Draws the watermark on the specified graphics context in the specified
* region.
*
* @param graphics
* Graphics context.
* @param c
* Component that is painted.
* @param x
* Left X of the region.
* @param y
* Top Y of the region.
* @param width
* Region width.
* @param height
* Region height.
*/
public void drawWatermarkImage(Graphics graphics, Component c, int x,
int y, int width, int height);
/**
* Updates the current watermark image.
*
* @param skin
* Skin for the watermark.
* @return true if the watermark has been updated successfully,
* false otherwise.
*/
public boolean updateWatermarkImage(SubstanceSkin skin);
/**
* Draws the preview of the watermark image.
*
* @param g
* Graphic context.
* @param x
* the x coordinate of the watermark to be drawn.
* @param y
* The y coordinate of the watermark to be drawn.
* @param width
* The width of the watermark to be drawn.
* @param height
* The height of the watermark to be drawn.
*/
public void previewWatermark(Graphics g, int x, int y, int width, int height);
/**
* Disposes the memory associated with this watermark.
*/
public void dispose();
These methods are used at runtime to paint watermarks on the corresponding components.
Substance provides four core watermarks. The
Null
watermark in
org.pushingpixels.substance.api.watermark.SubstanceNullWatermark
draws a translucent fill:
The Stripes
watermark in
org.pushingpixels.substance.api.watermark.SubstanceStripeWatermark
overlays
a pattern of one-pixel stripes:
The Crosshatch
watermark in
org.pushingpixels.substance.api.watermark.SubstanceCrosshatchWatermark
overlays
a pattern of diagonal hatches:
The noise-based Plankton
watermark in
org.pushingpixels.substance.api.watermark.SubstancePlanktonWatermark
overlays
a random pattern of quasi aquatic life:
The
org.pushingpixels.substance.api.watermark.SubstanceImageWatermark
class provides an option to use an image-based watermark. To construct an image watermark, use
one of the following constructors:
/**
* Creates an instance with specified image.
*
* @param imageLocation
* Image location. Can point to a local file or HTTP URL (needs
* to start with http in the later case).
*/
@SubstanceApi
public SubstanceImageWatermark(String imageLocation)
/**
* Creates an instance from the specified input stream.
*
* @param inputStream
* Input stream.
*/
@SubstanceApi
public SubstanceImageWatermark(InputStream inputStream)
Here are examples of image-based watermarks:
By default, the image is centered in the screen and scaled down if necessary.
To change the default behavior, use the following API in the
SubstanceImageWatermark
class:
/**
* Sets image watermark kind.
*
* @param kind
* Image watermark kind.
*/
@SubstanceApi
public void setKind(ImageWatermarkKind kind)
Where SubstanceConstants.ImageWatermarkKind
enum defines the following kinds of image watermark:
Here is an example of APP_TILE image watermark kind:
The default opacity of the image watermark is 0.2 and can be changed by using the
following API in the
SubstanceImageWatermark
class:
/**
* Sets image watermark opacity.
*
* @param opacity
* Image watermark opacity.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if the argument is not in 0.0-1.0 range.
*/
@SubstanceApi
public void setOpacity(float opacity)
Here are examples of default opacity (0.2) and custom opacity (0.6):
The available core watermarks are located in
org.pushingpixels.substance.api.watermark
package. You can also use additional watermark from the
extras pack.
The recommended way to specify a watermark is to set the
watermark
field
in the constructor of your custom skin. The public
withWatermark
may also be used
to create a clone of an existing skin and change its watermark.
If you wish to use the watermark of the current skin to provide additional custom painting in your application, call:
SubstanceLookAndFeel.getCurrentSkin()
to retrieve the current skin.SubstanceSkin.getWatermark()
to retrieve the watermark of the current skin.SubstanceWatermark.drawWatermarkImage()
to paint the watermark on the specific graphics context.Note that some Swing core components do not show the watermark by default. Currently, the watermark is not shown on trees, tables, lists and text components. To enable the watermark painting on these components, read the documentation on the WATERMARK_VISIBLE client property.


Setup
%if setup["db_host"] and setup["db_port"] and setup["db_name"] and setup["first_user_id"] and setup["first_user_password"] and setup["data_path"] and setup["watch_path"]:
Clear
Save and Reload
%else:
Clear
Save and Reload
%endif
Connect to MongoDB %if setup["db_host"] and setup["db_port"] and setup["db_name"]:
Ready
%else:
Required
%endif
Host
Port
Database Name
Username
Password
Use SSL
%if setup["errors"]["db_auth_error"]:
Authentication failed.
%endif %if setup["errors"]["db_connection_error"]:
Could not connect to MongoDB using the provided parameters.
%endif %if setup["errors"]["db_not_empty_error"]:
The specified database is not empty.
%endif %if setup["errors"]["db_name_error"]:
Database names may not contain any of the following:
/\. "$
.
%endif
Create First User
%if setup["first_user_id"] and setup["first_user_password"]:
Ready
%else:
Required
%endif
Username
Password
Set Data Path %if setup["data_path"]:
Ready
%else:
Required
%endif
Data Path
%if setup["errors"]["data_not_found_error"]:
Could not locate or create directory.
%endif %if setup["errors"]["data_not_empty_error"]:
The directory is not empty. Make sure it is empty then try to configure it again.
%endif %if setup["errors"]["data_permission_error"]:
Virtool does not have permission to create or write to the directory.
%endif
Set Watch Path %if setup["watch_path"]:
Ready
%else:
Required
%endif
Watch Path
%if setup["errors"]["watch_not_found_error"]:
Could not locate or create directory.
%endif %if setup["errors"]["watch_not_empty_error"]:
The directory is not empty. Make sure it is empty then try to configure it again.
%endif %if setup["errors"]["watch_permission_error"]:
Virtool does not have permission to create or write to the directory.
%endif


Edibles
Recipes and food creations.
Caviar
Traditionally, caviar refers to Sturgeon roe, however has since been used interchangeably for other types of fish. The caviar I've known since childhood has been from Salmon roe and is considered a delicacy. This recipe describes a high yield processing and curing of すじこ into красная икра.
Separation
In raw form, most roe is bundled inside the egg sack.
The best way to remove the egg membranes and separate the eggs is to dissolve it. After a cold water rinse, soak the roe. The water should be hot to the touch, but not burning because here you will "massage" the eggs out and separate the membrane away. In hot water, roe turns solid and opaque. Cold water will make it soft and translucent.
Rinse in cold water to drain all the loose membraine bits and repeat the process untill the water is clear with no floating flakes. This process should take 5-7 repeats.
Once free of debris, drain all water using a sieve.
Curing
Add 3 table spoons of salt per kg of loose roe and hand-mix. Don't be shy with the mixing. Roe is tough but don't be too rough either, avoid breaking the eggs. The salt will give roe a vivid orange color. After a thorough mix, keep in the fridge for 20 minutes to soak.
After soaking, the salt would have brought out a lot of moisture from the eggs. Drain as much liquid as possible. It helps to mix it a little to help the trapped moisture escape. Taste the roe! If it's not salty enough, you can add more salt and repeat the soaking process. If it's too salty, you can do a second pass below.
Second Pass (optional)
This is an optional step if you want to do a cleaner yield or reduce salt amount. Wash the roe in cold water. Salty eggs will make the water white and milky. At this stage the eggs are fragile, be gentle to avoid popping too many.
Repeat the salting process, ajusting amounts of salt as needed, soak, drain, taste, jar!
Serve
Classic way to serve: a teaspoon worth on white or бородинский bread with unsalted butter. Here, served on savory pancakes and cream cheese:


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