import { constructors } from '../core/library.js';
import { mergeOver, addStrings, isa_number, pushUnique, Ωempty } from '../core/utilities.js';
import baseMix from '../mixin/base.js';
import stylesMix from '../mixin/styles.js';
Scrawl-canvas ConicGradient objects implement the Canvas API’s createConicGradient method. The resulting CanvasGradient object can be used by any Scrawl-canvas entity as its fillStyle
or strokeStyle
.
ConicGradients can be applied to an entity in two different ways, depending on the entity’s lockFillStyleToEntity
and lockStrokeStyleToEntity
attribute flags:
TO NOTE: this is an experimental technology; most browsers do not (yet) support conic gradients for canvases, only in CSS. In these browsers, the gradient will return a solid, transparent color. To see the effect, enable the appropriate flags in the browser:
import { constructors } from '../core/library.js';
import { mergeOver, addStrings, isa_number, pushUnique, Ωempty } from '../core/utilities.js';
import baseMix from '../mixin/base.js';
import stylesMix from '../mixin/styles.js';
const ConicGradient = function (items = Ωempty) {
this.stylesInit(items);
return this;
};
let P = ConicGradient.prototype = Object.create(Object.prototype);
P.type = 'ConicGradient';
P.lib = 'styles';
P.isArtefact = false;
P.isAsset = false;
P = baseMix(P);
P = stylesMix(P);
let defaultAttributes = {
ConicGradients calculate their gradients as a sweep of color around the start
(startX
and startY
) coordinate. The startAngle attribute - measured in degrees, not radians - represents the angle at which the color stop 0 occurs.
paletteStart
and paletteEnd
attributes. startAngle: 0,
};
P.defs = mergeOver(P.defs, defaultAttributes);
In addition to the attributes defined in the base and styles mixins, Gradients also pass through Palette attributes to their Palette object.
Attributes from base mixin:
name
Attributes from styles mixin:
start
startX
startY
end
endX
endY
palette
paletteStart
paletteEnd
cyclePalette
Attributes from the palette factory:
colors
cyclic
P.packetObjects = pushUnique(P.packetObjects, ['palette']);
buildStyle
- internal function: creates the radial gradient on the Cell’s CanvasRenderingContext2D engine, and then adds the color stops to it.
P.buildStyle = function (cell) {
if (cell) {
let engine = cell.engine;
if (engine) {
if (!engine.createConicGradient) return 'rgba(0,0,0,0)';
let gradient = engine.createConicGradient(...this.gradientArgs);
return this.addStopsToGradient(gradient, this.paletteStart, this.paletteEnd, this.cyclePalette);
}
}
return 'rgba(0,0,0,0)';
};
updateGradientArgs
- internal function
P.updateGradientArgs = function (x, y) {
let gradientArgs = this.gradientArgs,
currentStart = this.currentStart,
startAngle = this.startAngle;
let sx = currentStart[0] + x,
sy = currentStart[1] + y;
gradientArgs.length = 0;
gradientArgs.push(startAngle, sx, sy);
};
let graddy = scrawl.makeConicGradient({
name: 'mygradient',
startX: '50%',
startY: '50%',
startAngle: 90,
});
scrawl.makeBlock({
name: 'myblock',
width: '90%',
height: '90%',
startX: '5%',
startY: '5%',
fillStyle: graddy,
strokeStyle: 'coral',
lineWidth: 2,
method: 'fillAndDraw',
});
const makeConicGradient = function (items) {
if (!items) return false;
return new ConicGradient(items);
};
constructors.ConicGradient = ConicGradient;
export {
makeConicGradient,
};


Contrasts Overview¶
from __future__ import print_function
import numpy as np
import statsmodels.api as sm
This document is based heavily on this excellent resource from UCLA http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/r/library/contrast_coding.htm
A categorical variable of K categories, or levels, usually enters a regression as a sequence of K-1 dummy variables. This amounts to a linear hypothesis on the level means. That is, each test statistic for these variables amounts to testing whether the mean for that level is statistically significantly different from the mean of the base category. This dummy coding is called Treatment coding in R parlance, and we will follow this convention. There are, however, different coding methods that amount to different sets of linear hypotheses.
In fact, the dummy coding is not technically a contrast coding. This is because the dummy variables add to one and are not functionally independent of the model's intercept. On the other hand, a set of contrasts for a categorical variable with k
levels is a set of k-1
functionally independent linear combinations of the factor level means that are also independent of the sum of the dummy variables. The dummy coding isn't wrong per se. It captures all of the coefficients, but it complicates matters when the model assumes independence of the coefficients such as in ANOVA. Linear regression models do not assume independence of the coefficients and thus dummy coding is often the only coding that is taught in this context.
To have a look at the contrast matrices in Patsy, we will use data from UCLA ATS. First let's load the data.
Example Data¶
import pandas as pd
url = 'http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/data/hsb2.csv'
hsb2 = pd.read_table(url, delimiter=",")
hsb2.head(10)
It will be instructive to look at the mean of the dependent variable, write, for each level of race ((1 = Hispanic, 2 = Asian, 3 = African American and 4 = Caucasian)).
hsb2.groupby('race')['write'].mean()
Treatment (Dummy) Coding¶
Dummy coding is likely the most well known coding scheme. It compares each level of the categorical variable to a base reference level. The base reference level is the value of the intercept. It is the default contrast in Patsy for unordered categorical factors. The Treatment contrast matrix for race would be
from patsy.contrasts import Treatment
levels = [1,2,3,4]
contrast = Treatment(reference=0).code_without_intercept(levels)
print(contrast.matrix)
Here we used reference=0
, which implies that the first level, Hispanic, is the reference category against which the other level effects are measured. As mentioned above, the columns do not sum to zero and are thus not independent of the intercept. To be explicit, let's look at how this would encode the race
variable.
hsb2.race.head(10)
print(contrast.matrix[hsb2.race-1, :][:20])
sm.categorical(hsb2.race.values)
This is a bit of a trick, as the race
category conveniently maps to zero-based indices. If it does not, this conversion happens under the hood, so this won't work in general but nonetheless is a useful exercise to fix ideas. The below illustrates the output using the three contrasts above
from statsmodels.formula.api import ols
mod = ols("write ~ C(race, Treatment)", data=hsb2)
res = mod.fit()
print(res.summary())
We explicitly gave the contrast for race; however, since Treatment is the default, we could have omitted this.
Simple Coding¶
Like Treatment Coding, Simple Coding compares each level to a fixed reference level. However, with simple coding, the intercept is the grand mean of all the levels of the factors. Patsy doesn't have the Simple contrast included, but you can easily define your own contrasts. To do so, write a class that contains a code_with_intercept and a code_without_intercept method that returns a patsy.contrast.ContrastMatrix instance
from patsy.contrasts import ContrastMatrix
def _name_levels(prefix, levels):
return ["[%s%s]" % (prefix, level) for level in levels]
class Simple(object):
def _simple_contrast(self, levels):
nlevels = len(levels)
contr = -1./nlevels * np.ones((nlevels, nlevels-1))
contr[1:][np.diag_indices(nlevels-1)] = (nlevels-1.)/nlevels
return contr
def code_with_intercept(self, levels):
contrast = np.column_stack((np.ones(len(levels)),
self._simple_contrast(levels)))
return ContrastMatrix(contrast, _name_levels("Simp.", levels))
def code_without_intercept(self, levels):
contrast = self._simple_contrast(levels)
return ContrastMatrix(contrast, _name_levels("Simp.", levels[:-1]))
hsb2.groupby('race')['write'].mean().mean()
contrast = Simple().code_without_intercept(levels)
print(contrast.matrix)
mod = ols("write ~ C(race, Simple)", data=hsb2)
res = mod.fit()
print(res.summary())
Sum (Deviation) Coding¶
Sum coding compares the mean of the dependent variable for a given level to the overall mean of the dependent variable over all the levels. That is, it uses contrasts between each of the first k-1 levels and level k In this example, level 1 is compared to all the others, level 2 to all the others, and level 3 to all the others.
from patsy.contrasts import Sum
contrast = Sum().code_without_intercept(levels)
print(contrast.matrix)
mod = ols("write ~ C(race, Sum)", data=hsb2)
res = mod.fit()
print(res.summary())
This corresponds to a parameterization that forces all the coefficients to sum to zero. Notice that the intercept here is the grand mean where the grand mean is the mean of means of the dependent variable by each level.
hsb2.groupby('race')['write'].mean().mean()
Backward Difference Coding¶
In backward difference coding, the mean of the dependent variable for a level is compared with the mean of the dependent variable for the prior level. This type of coding may be useful for a nominal or an ordinal variable.
from patsy.contrasts import Diff
contrast = Diff().code_without_intercept(levels)
print(contrast.matrix)
mod = ols("write ~ C(race, Diff)", data=hsb2)
res = mod.fit()
print(res.summary())
For example, here the coefficient on level 1 is the mean of write
at level 2 compared with the mean at level 1. Ie.,
res.params["C(race, Diff)[D.1]"]
hsb2.groupby('race').mean()["write"][2] - \
hsb2.groupby('race').mean()["write"][1]
Helmert Coding¶
Our version of Helmert coding is sometimes referred to as Reverse Helmert Coding. The mean of the dependent variable for a level is compared to the mean of the dependent variable over all previous levels. Hence, the name 'reverse' being sometimes applied to differentiate from forward Helmert coding. This comparison does not make much sense for a nominal variable such as race, but we would use the Helmert contrast like so:
from patsy.contrasts import Helmert
contrast = Helmert().code_without_intercept(levels)
print(contrast.matrix)
mod = ols("write ~ C(race, Helmert)", data=hsb2)
res = mod.fit()
print(res.summary())
To illustrate, the comparison on level 4 is the mean of the dependent variable at the previous three levels taken from the mean at level 4
grouped = hsb2.groupby('race')
grouped.mean()["write"][4] - grouped.mean()["write"][:3].mean()
As you can see, these are only equal up to a constant. Other versions of the Helmert contrast give the actual difference in means. Regardless, the hypothesis tests are the same.
k = 4
1./k * (grouped.mean()["write"][k] - grouped.mean()["write"][:k-1].mean())
k = 3
1./k * (grouped.mean()["write"][k] - grouped.mean()["write"][:k-1].mean())
Orthogonal Polynomial Coding¶
The coefficients taken on by polynomial coding for k=4
levels are the linear, quadratic, and cubic trends in the categorical variable. The categorical variable here is assumed to be represented by an underlying, equally spaced numeric variable. Therefore, this type of encoding is used only for ordered categorical variables with equal spacing. In general, the polynomial contrast produces polynomials of order k-1
. Since race
is not an ordered factor variable let's use read
as an example. First we need to create an ordered categorical from read
.
hsb2['readcat'] = pd.cut(hsb2.read, bins=3)
hsb2.groupby('readcat').mean()['write']
from patsy.contrasts import Poly
levels = hsb2.readcat.unique().tolist()
contrast = Poly().code_without_intercept(levels)
print(contrast.matrix)
mod = ols("write ~ C(readcat, Poly)", data=hsb2)
res = mod.fit()
print(res.summary())
As you can see, readcat has a significant linear effect on the dependent variable write
but not a significant quadratic or cubic effect.


UI / UX Design Full Stack Development
I am passionate about technology, design and people. I work to find how they fit together.


It's 2010.
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Few lives have been spared.
All forms of government have disbanded.
Those who remain hang on by a thread.


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--- ---
|
TGUI
v0.7-dev
|
#include <Tab.hpp>
Public Types | |
| typedef std::shared_ptr< Tab > | Ptr |
| Shared widget pointer. | |
| typedef std::shared_ptr< const Tab > | ConstPtr |
| Shared constant widget pointer. | |
| Public Types inherited from tgui::Widget | |
| typedef std::shared_ptr< Widget > | Ptr |
| Shared widget pointer. | |
| typedef std::shared_ptr< const Widget > | ConstPtr |
| Shared constant widget pointer. | |
Public Member Functions | |
| std::shared_ptr< TabRenderer > | getRenderer () const |
| Returns the renderer, which gives access to functions that determine how the widget is displayed. More... | |
| virtual void | setPosition (const Layout2d &position) override |
| Set the position of the widget. More... | |
| virtual void | setSize (const Layout2d &size) override |
| This function currently does nothing. More... | |
| virtual sf::Vector2f | getSize () const override |
| Returns the size of the tabs. More... | |
| virtual void | setFont (const Font &font) override |
| Changes the font of the text in the widget. More... | |
| std::size_t | add (const sf::String &text, bool select=true) |
| Adds a new tab. More... | |
| void | insert (std::size_t index, const sf::String &text, bool select=true) |
| Insert a new tab somewhere between the other tabs. More... | |
| sf::String | getText (std::size_t index) const |
| Get the text of one of the tabs. More... | |
| bool | changeText (std::size_t index, const sf::String &text) |
| Change the text of one of the tabs. More... | |
| void | select (const sf::String &text) |
| Selects the tab with a given text. More... | |
| void | select (std::size_t index) |
| Selects the tab with a given index. More... | |
| void | deselect () |
| Deselects the selected tab. | |
| void | remove (const sf::String &text) |
| Removes a tab with a given text. More... | |
| void | remove (std::size_t index) |
| Removes a tab with a given index. More... | |
| void | removeAll () |
| Removes all tabs. | |
| sf::String | getSelected () const |
| Get the text that is drawn on the currently selected tab. More... | |
| int | getSelectedIndex () const |
| Get the index of the currently selected tab. More... | |
| void | setTextSize (unsigned int size) |
| Changes the character size of the text. More... | |
| unsigned int | getTextSize () const |
| Returns the character size of the text. More... | |
| void | setTabHeight (float height) |
| Changes the height of the tabs. More... | |
| float | getTabHeight () const |
| Returns the height of the tabs. More... | |
| void | setMaximumTabWidth (float maximumWidth) |
| Changes the maximum tab width of the tabs. More... | |
| float | getMaximumTabWidth () const |
| Returns the maximum tab width of the tabs. More... | |
| std::size_t | getTabsCount () const |
| Returns the amount of tabs. More... | |
| virtual void | setOpacity (float opacity) override |
| Changes the opacity of the widget. More... | |
| virtual sf::Vector2f | getWidgetOffset () const override |
| Returns the distance between the position where the widget is drawn and where the widget is placed. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from tgui::Widget | |
| Widget () | |
| Default constructor. | |
| Widget (const Widget ©) | |
| Copy constructor. More... | |
| ~Widget () | |
| Destructor. | |
| Widget & | operator= (const Widget &right) |
| Overload of assignment operator. More... | |
| std::shared_ptr< WidgetRenderer > | getRenderer () const |
| Returns the renderer, which gives access to functions that determine how the widget is displayed. More... | |
| virtual sf::Vector2f | getAbsolutePosition () const |
| Get the absolute position of the widget instead of the relative position to its parent. More... | |
| virtual void | show () |
| Shows the widget. More... | |
| virtual void | showWithEffect (ShowAnimationType type, sf::Time duration) |
| Shows the widget by introducing it with an animation. More... | |
| virtual void | hide () |
| Hides the widget. More... | |
| virtual void | hideWithEffect (ShowAnimationType type, sf::Time duration) |
| Hides the widget by making it leave with an animation. More... | |
| bool | isVisible () const |
| Returns true when the widget is visible. More... | |
| virtual void | enable () |
| Enables the widget. More... | |
| virtual void | disable (bool blockMouseEvents=true) |
| Disables the widget. More... | |
| bool | isEnabled () const |
| Returns true when the widget is enabled. More... | |
| virtual void | focus () |
| Focus the widget. More... | |
| virtual void | unfocus () |
| Unfocus the widget. More... | |
| bool | isFocused () const |
| Returns true when the widget is focused and false otherwise. More... | |
| const std::string & | getWidgetType () const |
| Returns the type of the widget. More... | |
| Container * | getParent () const |
| Returns a pointer to the parent widget. More... | |
| float | getOpacity () const |
| Returns the opacity of the widget. More... | |
| virtual void | moveToFront () |
| Places the widget before all other widgets. | |
| virtual void | moveToBack () |
| Places the widget behind all other widgets. | |
| void | setToolTip (Widget::Ptr toolTip) |
| Sets the tool tip that should be displayed when hovering over the widget. More... | |
| Widget::Ptr | getToolTip () |
| Returns the tool tip that is displayed when hovering over the widget. More... | |
| std::shared_ptr< sf::Font > | getFont () const |
| Returns the font associated with the widget (if any) More... | |
| void | detachTheme () |
| Detach the theme from the widget. More... | |
| std::shared_ptr< BaseTheme > | getTheme () const |
| Returns the theme to which the widget is currently connected. More... | |
| std::string | getPrimaryLoadingParameter () const |
| Returns the primary parameter that was passed to the loader to load this widget. More... | |
| std::string | getSecondaryLoadingParameter () const |
| Returns the secondary parameter that was passed to the loader to load this widget. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from tgui::Transformable | |
| virtual | ~Transformable ()=default |
| Virtual destructor. | |
| void | setPosition (const Layout &x, const Layout &y) |
| set the position of the widget More... | |
| sf::Vector2f | getPosition () const |
| get the position of the widget More... | |
| void | move (const Layout2d &offset) |
| Move the widget by a given offset. More... | |
| void | move (const Layout &x, const Layout &y) |
| Move the widget by a given offset. More... | |
| void | setSize (const Layout &width, const Layout &height) |
| Changes the size of the widget. More... | |
| virtual sf::Vector2f | getFullSize () const |
| Returns the entire size that the widget is using. More... | |
| void | scale (const Layout2d &factors) |
| Scale the widget. More... | |
| void | scale (const Layout &x, const Layout &y) |
| Scale the widget. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from tgui::SignalWidgetBase | |
| SignalWidgetBase ()=default | |
| Default constructor. | |
| SignalWidgetBase (const SignalWidgetBase ©) | |
| Copy constructor. More... | |
| SignalWidgetBase & | operator= (const SignalWidgetBase &right) |
| Overload of assignment operator. More... | |
| template<typename Func , typename... Args> | |
| unsigned int | connect (const std::string &signalNames, Func func, Args...args) |
| Connects a signal handler function to one or more signals. More... | |
| template<typename Func , typename... Args> | |
| unsigned int | connectEx (const std::string &signalName, Func func, Args...args) |
| Connects a signal handler function to one or more signals. More... | |
| void | disconnect (unsigned int id) |
| Disconnects a connection. More... | |
| void | disconnectAll (const std::string &signalName) |
| Disconnect all connections from a certain signal. More... | |
| void | disconnectAll () |
| Disconnect all connections from a all signals. | |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static Tab::Ptr | create () |
| Creates a new tabs widget. More... | |
| static Tab::Ptr | copy (Tab::ConstPtr tab) |
| Makes a copy of another tab. More... | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| virtual void | reload (const std::string &primary="", const std::string &secondary="", bool force=false) override |
| Reload the widget. More... | |
| virtual Widget::Ptr | clone () const override |
| Makes a copy of the widget if you don't know its exact type. More... | |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from tgui::Widget | |
| void | attachTheme (std::shared_ptr< BaseTheme > theme) |
| Attach a theme to the widget. More... | |
Tab widget.
Signals:
| std::size_t tgui::Tab::add | ( | const sf::String & | text, |
| bool | select = true |
||
| ) |
Adds a new tab.
| text | The text of the tab that will be drawn on top of it. |
| select | Do you want the new tab to be selected immediately? |
| bool tgui::Tab::changeText | ( | std::size_t | index, |
| const sf::String & | text | ||
| ) |
Change the text of one of the tabs.
| index | The index of the tab to be changed. The first tab has index 0. |
| text | The new text of the tab that will be drawn on top of it. |
|
inlineoverrideprotectedvirtual |
Makes a copy of the widget if you don't know its exact type.
This function should only be used when you don't know the type of the widget. If you know what kind of widget you are copying, you should use the copy function.
Implements tgui::Widget.
|
static |
Makes a copy of another tab.
| tab | The other tab |
|
static |
Creates a new tabs widget.
|
inline |
Returns the maximum tab width of the tabs.
If the text on the tab is longer than this width then it will be cropped to fit inside the tab. By default, the maximum width is 0 which means that there is no limitation.
|
inline |
Returns the renderer, which gives access to functions that determine how the widget is displayed.
|
inline |
Get the text that is drawn on the currently selected tab.
|
inline |
Get the index of the currently selected tab.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
|
inline |
Returns the height of the tabs.
|
inline |
Returns the amount of tabs.
| sf::String tgui::Tab::getText | ( | std::size_t | index | ) | const |
Get the text of one of the tabs.
| index | The index of the tab. The first tab has index 0. |
| unsigned int tgui::Tab::getTextSize | ( | ) | const |
Returns the character size of the text.
|
overridevirtual |
Returns the distance between the position where the widget is drawn and where the widget is placed.
This is basically the width and height of the optional borders drawn around widgets.
Reimplemented from tgui::Widget.
| void tgui::Tab::insert | ( | std::size_t | index, |
| const sf::String & | text, | ||
| bool | select = true |
||
| ) |
Insert a new tab somewhere between the other tabs.
| index | The index where the tab gets inserted. 0 means before the first tab, 1 means behind the first tab. |
| text | The text of the tab that will be drawn on top of it. |
| select | Do you want the new tab to be selected immediately? |
|
overrideprotectedvirtual |
Reload the widget.
| primary | Primary parameter for the loader |
| secondary | Secondary parameter for the loader |
| force | Try to only change the looks of the widget and not alter the widget itself when false |
| Exception | when the connected theme could not create the widget |
When primary is an empty string the built-in white theme will be used.
Reimplemented from tgui::Widget.
| void tgui::Tab::remove | ( | const sf::String & | text | ) |
Removes a tab with a given text.
| text | The text on the tab to remove. |
When multiple tabs have the same text, only the first will be removed.
| void tgui::Tab::remove | ( | std::size_t | index | ) |
Removes a tab with a given index.
| index | The index of the tab to remove. |
When the index is too high then nothing will happen.
| void tgui::Tab::select | ( | const sf::String & | text | ) |
Selects the tab with a given text.
| text | The text of the tab to select. |
When the text doen't match any tab then nothing will be changed. If there are multiple tabs with the same text then the first one will be selected.
| void tgui::Tab::select | ( | std::size_t | index | ) |
Selects the tab with a given index.
| index | The index of the tab to select. |
When the index is too high then nothing will happen.
|
overridevirtual |
Changes the font of the text in the widget.
| font | The new font. |
When you don't call this function then the font from the parent widget will be used.
Reimplemented from tgui::Widget.
| void tgui::Tab::setMaximumTabWidth | ( | float | maximumWidth | ) |
Changes the maximum tab width of the tabs.
| maximumWidth | Maximum width of a single tab |
If the text on the tab is longer than this width then it will be cropped to fit inside the tab. By default, the maximum width is 0 which means that there is no limitation.
|
overridevirtual |
Changes the opacity of the widget.
| opacity | The opacity of the widget. 0 means completely transparent, while 1 (default) means fully opaque. |
Reimplemented from tgui::Widget.
|
overridevirtual |
Set the position of the widget.
This function completely overwrites the previous position. See the move function to apply an offset based on the previous position instead. The default position of a transformable widget is (0, 0).
| position | New position |
Reimplemented from tgui::Widget.
|
overridevirtual |
This function currently does nothing.
| size | Currently ignored |
It is not yet possible to change the size directly.
Reimplemented from tgui::Widget.
| void tgui::Tab::setTabHeight | ( | float | height | ) |
Changes the height of the tabs.
| height | Height of the tabs |
By default, it is the height of the tab image that is loaded with the load function.
| void tgui::Tab::setTextSize | ( | unsigned int | size | ) |
Changes the character size of the text.
| size | The new size of the text. If the size is 0 (default) then the text will be scaled to fit in the tab. |


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Annotated texts let you replace texts with any arbitrary Nodes. You can use this to display inline emojis as images.


--- layout: post title: "Quasigroups" description: "A brief introduction to quasigroups for object-oriented programmers." date: 2017-12-18 13:31 UTC tags: [Software Design] --- {% include JB/setup %}
{{ page.description }}
This article is part of a larger series about monoids, semigroups, and other group-like algebraic structures. In this article, you'll get acquainted with the concept of a quasigroup. I don't think it plays that big of a role in software design, but it is a thing, and I thought that I'd cover it briefly with a well known-example.
During all this talk of monoids and semigroups, you've seen that normal arithmetic operations like addition and multiplication form monoids. Perhaps you've been wondering where subtraction fits in.
Subtraction forms a quasigroup.
What's a quasigroup? It's an invertible binary operation.
What does it mean for a binary operation to be invertible? It means that for any two elements a
and b
, there must exist two other elements x
and y
that turns a
into b
.
This is true for subtraction, as this FsCheck-based test demonstrates:
[Property(QuietOnSuccess = true)] public void SubtractionIsInvertible(int a, int b) { var x = a - b; var y = a + b; Assert.True(a - x == b); Assert.True(y - a == b); }
This example uses the FsCheck.Xunit glue library for xUnit.net. Notice that although FsCheck is written in F#, you can also use it from C#. This test (as well as all other tests in this article) passes.
For any a
and b
generated by FsCheck, we can calculate unique x
and y
that satisfy a - x == b
and y - a == b
.
Subtraction isn't the only invertible binary operation. In fact, addition is also invertible:
[Property(QuietOnSuccess = true)] public void AdditionIsInvertible(int a, int b) { var x = b - a; var y = b - a; Assert.True(a + x == b); Assert.True(y + a == b); Assert.Equal(x, y); }
Here I added a third assertion that demonstrates that for addition, the inversion is symmetric; x
and y
are equal.
Not only is integer addition a monoid - it's also a quasigroup. In fact, it's a group. Being associative or having identity doesn't preclude a binary operation from being a quasigroup, but these properties aren't required.
No identity element exists for integer subtraction. For instance, 3 - 0 is 3, but 0 - 3 is not 3. Therefore, subtraction can't be a monoid.
Likewise, subtraction is not an associative operation. You can easily convince yourself of that by coming up with a counter-example, such as (3 - 2) - 1, which is 0, but different from 3 - (2 - 1), which is 2. Therefore, it can't be a semigroup either.
A quasigroup is an invertible binary operation. Invertibility is the only required property of a quasigroup (apart from being a binary operation), but if it has other properties (like associativity), it's still a quasigroup.
I haven't had much utility from thinking about software design in terms of quasigroups, but I wanted to include it in case you were wondering how subtraction fits into all of this.
What if, however, you have a binary operation with no other properties?
Next: Magmas.


Gateway
BOT
11-Jul-18 06:26 PM
[dscrdeql] <slipersty> @AndronicusBass-Founder really intresting reading can you pin those or pot them in a own channel ? Thay are intresting too read and meakes you a understading about the project. Especially for those that dont read withe papper
[dscrdeql] <AndronicusBass-Founder> Exactly, the white paper is made for transparency but the key points are what matters. I have pinned in this channel but good idea, i can create a new channel that is information only and no permissions to chat
[dscrdeql] <slipersty> Yhe that whuld be grate. And anothorther this is if you look in discord i find it hard too find all links too bct, website, socialmedia and that stuff
[dscrdeql] <AdictoALasCripto2.0> hello friends
[dscrdeql] <Podmaster> go go england
[dscrdeql] <donaldmathers>
[dscrdeql] <NWhiskeyTango> Sounds good...i just need some time to load up the questionaire cannon hehe
[dscrdeql] <x2maano> haaah
[dscrdeql] <x2maano> england have lead
[dscrdeql] <cellulitis> Nice
[dscrdeql] <AndronicusBass-Founder> @slipersty What do you think? #about-equaliser
[dscrdeql] <SwimedDragon> I would say it's good, but you don't need to forget to add more info once things get rolling
[dscrdeql] <cypherzero> second half sterted
[dscrdeql] <cellulitis> nice let's see Croatia score some goals
[dscrdeql] <justincawa> hello all
[dscrdeql] <slipersty> @AndronicusBass-Founder looks perfect
[dscrdeql] <slipersty> Easy too find and easy too read just how i love it ^^
[dscrdeql] <AndronicusBass-Founder> Sweet. Nice suggestion. Not sure why we didnt have in the first place.
[dscrdeql] <slipersty> Easy too forget ^^
[dscrdeql] <AndronicusBass-Founder> Ive since had time to refine the important points of what we are about to make it read easier
[dscrdeql] <slipersty> Snother thing i have seen in a nother one is thay the team announs a day and time where the comynity can ask all qestions thay are thinking about and the team answer all qestions thay can
[dscrdeql] <slipersty> Lol all my typos >.< sorry hope you can read it
[dscrdeql] <ECA Gorillaz> so hottt
[dscrdeql] <ECA Gorillaz> and so many typos lolol
[dscrdeql] <AndronicusBass-Founder> Thats strange, people ask us questions when ever they want and we answer
[dscrdeql] <slipersty> @ECA Gorillaz yhe writing on phone and have dyslexia >.<
[dscrdeql] <slipersty> @AndronicusBass-Founder ok. My thinking was that somtimes ppl ask qestions you dont even have think about
[dscrdeql] <cellulitis> we tied
[dscrdeql] <jellysmash> Morning all
[dscrdeql] <jellysmash> time
[dscrdeql] <jellysmash> for sure
[dscrdeql] <jellysmash> Need to wake up properly
[dscrdeql] <donaldmathers> Hi
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> @AndronicusBass-Founder very nice explanation above!
[dscrdeql] <jellysmash> Hi there @donaldmathers
[dscrdeql] <donaldmathers> What’s going on
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> Sadly, that is the issue in any country that has allowed central banks to control their currency.
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> The 2008 market crash in the US was a direct result of overextending loans to people whom they KNEW could not make the payments.
(edited)
[dscrdeql] <Flate> Correct
[dscrdeql] <Flate> Banks just wanted to toss out money
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> They were printing money.
[dscrdeql] <Flate> And even though you know it'll crash
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> for themselves
[dscrdeql] <Flate> They did it anyway
[dscrdeql] <AndronicusBass-Founder> indeed, sub prime. Same thing is happening in australia in the form of interest only loans which are going to have rates increased and people will need to start paying the principal too
[dscrdeql] <Flate> Becuase greed is greed and shit happens
[dscrdeql] <AndronicusBass-Founder> a band aid fix is rapid population growth
(edited)
[dscrdeql] <Flate> And then we collapse
[dscrdeql] <DaylightHours> Yup
[dscrdeql] <DaylightHours> Band aid
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> rapid population growth = pro-life = more money at the top and less for the middle and lower....
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> thats a loose association, but seems relevant. No initiatives are put forth to assist the growing population, they just want the number to grow.
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> the "people" have allowed it, albeit through convoluted political policies and lies, and the people will wonder what happened when it all comes crashing down.
(edited)
[dscrdeql] <jellysmash> Terre was a good movie made of that US housing crash
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> never heard of it. I will have to give it a watch
(edited)
[dscrdeql] <jellysmash> Christian bale wad the main actor
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> I think of deadly business card envy when I think of Christian Bale.
[dscrdeql] <jellysmash> The Big Short
[dscrdeql] <!!! Thorth !!!> hey @jellysmash
[dscrdeql] <!!! Thorth !!!> and morning
[dscrdeql] <!!! Thorth !!!>
[dscrdeql] <jellysmash> That's name of movie
[dscrdeql] <jellysmash> @Thorth hi there
[dscrdeql] <jellysmash> Thanks for coffee
[dscrdeql] <jellysmash> have one yourself too
[dscrdeql] <donaldmathers> How’s everyone’s day going
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> tis splendid!
[dscrdeql] <donaldmathers> Same here!
[dscrdeql] <!!! Thorth !!!> thanks
[dscrdeql] <!!! Thorth !!!> i hope is hot
[dscrdeql] <!!! Thorth !!!>
[dscrdeql] <x2maano> pestrry?????
[dscrdeql] <!!! Thorth !!!> pestry ???
[dscrdeql] <x2maano> cake
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> mmmmmmmm...I love cake....
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> coconut cream cake.....
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> mmmmmmmmmmmmm
[dscrdeql] <x2maano> sweats
[dscrdeql] <aFastHero> sugar sweats?
[dscrdeql] <AndronicusBass-Founder> Just answering questions on bitcointalk
[dscrdeql] <donaldmathers> Sounds fun
[dscrdeql] <donaldmathers>


Book an appointment,Tell me about you project and consult on my services by filling ou the form below
Copyright©This website was made by Nima Abdi


{% extends "registrasion/invoice_.html" %} {% block payment_actions %} {{ block.super }} {% endblock %}


Welcome, this website will illustrate a proof of concept of the algorithm outlined in the paper Spatial Query Integrity with Voronoi Neighbors by Dr. Wei-Shinn Ku, Dr. Ling Hu, Dr. Spiridon Bakiras, and Dr. Cyrus Shahabi.
Cloud computing has become very common in today's industry because it's often time much cheaper to let a third-party maintain your infrastructure. Clients get benefits of economies of scale as well as having the ability to quickly acquire more virtual machines according to their applications' needs. This demo interactively explores the main ideas of the paper by presenting the points of view of three different stake holders: a data collector, a location database service provider, and the end-user application. In a real-world solution, these three tabs would be deployed as three separate applications. For a proof of concept, however, it's convenient to have them in one place.
The data collector is anybody who collects location data. For example, suppose a data collector wants to launch a new app that advises users about electric car charging stations nearby. If the app becomes popular, such the data owner may need to be able answer hundreds or thousands of queries per second like, "What's the nearest charging station to a particular location?" This is a quintessential example of a k-nearest neighbor query, where k in this example is one. Instead of diverting the seed capital to building out a back-end infrastructure capable of handling such queries, the data owner could use a cloud service provider that can ingest location data from the collector and expose an API that answers location based queries like k-nearest neighbor.
The paper and this demo show a framework in which the data owner can host the location data at a third-party provider and have proof in the results of location queries that the results were not modified in any way. The demo workflow has three steps:


In order to continue this transaction, we need to snap a photo of you to comply with local laws. Is this ok?
Look at the dot
This should just take a second.
This should just take a second.
In order to continue this transaction, we need to snap a photo of you to comply with local laws. Is this ok?
Looks like we didn't get a good shot.
Shall we try another photo?
We didn't get a good picture of you.
Please look into the camera located above the screen.


In this codelab, you'll use common software verification tools like linters and type checkers to fix issues in a Python program.
git clone git@techx-gitlab.640k.net:s-USERNAME/lesson06-codequality
cd
into the lesson06-codequality
directory.pytest .
pathfinder.py
and read the docstring at the top../pathfinder.py city_map.txt Denver Boulder
flake8
is a highly-trained linter capable of detecting violations of the PEP-8 style guidelines.
Try running the linter. You'll notice there's a number of warnings it generates:
flake8 .
pathfinder.py
and work on correcting the style issues reported by flake8
.flake8
again. When you have no style issues, you should notice it prints nothing and has a successful return code (echo $?
after running it prints 0
).mypy
is capable of understanding the type annotations put in pathfinder.py
and detecting any type issues.
Try running it to see the issues it reports:
mypy pathfinder.py
pathfinder.py
and work on correcting the annotation issues reported by mypy
.mypy
again. When you have no style issues, you should notice it prints nothing and has a successful return code (echo $?
after running it prints 0
).Pytest has a coverage option which shows you which lines get tested by unit tests, and which tests don't.
Run pytest like this to see the current code coverage:
pytest --cov=pathfinder --cov-report term-missing .
Here, --cov=pathfinder
says we want a coverage report for the pathfinder
module, and --cov-report term-missing
asks pytest to print the lines which are missing test coverage. On my code, I got the following:
Name Stmts Miss Cover Missing --------------------------------------------- pathfinder.py 63 4 94% 74, 83, 93, 143
This means:
pathfinder.py
has 63 statementsif __name__ == '__main__': sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:])) # pragma: no cover
def test_find_path_no_route(): # Arrange city_map = { 'A': {'B': 24.0}, 'B': {'A': 24.0}, 'C': {'D': 12.0}, 'D': {'C': 12.0}, } # Act/Assert with pytest.raises(ValueError): pathfinder.find_shortest_path(city_map, 'A', 'D')
KeyError
.Have extra time? Create a map file with your home town and surrounding cities. You can use maps.google.com to find distances to the other cities. Run a few navigations and see how they work out.
Commit and add your home town as hometown.txt
for one extra credit point.
Have extra time?
The bidirectional
parameter to find_shortest_path
is not used. Refactor this codebase to remove the parameter, including updating the main function and unit tests.


First, choose dataset of the data you want to label. After that you will be taken to marker page.
Use the slider on your right to search for anomalies on the picture. Remember that by default you are given only a part of the scan. To download rest of the images, use the slider to go to the end of available view.
If you haven't found any anomalies on the scan, click 'Skip scan' button to get a new scan for labeling`.
Draw rectangle on the image that you find interesting. Using the slider on the right, move to another slices and draw additional rectangle. Collection of such selections will create a single 3D annotation. MedTagger will be able to interpolate such rectangles to prepare a complex 3D structure.
Remember: In case you find multiple anomalies, annotate them separately to create multiple labels.
In this example we are showing how to label fragments of patient ribs.
After creating label, click 'Send label' button. You'll still have option of further labeling the scan after clicking this button.
After sending all of the labels, please click 'Next scan' button to draw another scan for labeling.


Forests are a complex network of dependencies and inter-dependencies supporting the diversity of life. They are also our best shot at
climate change mitigation as they are capable of sequestering and storing huge proportions of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
They are constantly at high risk due to the global demand for land and resources. Hence, the Parties at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change started designing and developing programs
to save forests from deforestation and degradation.
As a result, they adopted a program known as
UN-REDD (United Nations Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) in collaboration with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to implement national
REDD+ strategies in developing countries.
REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) strategies promote sustainable management, conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks by encouraging public and private investment in developing countries.
It basically remunerates the developing countries to
keep forests alive without cutting them down as a measure
to prevent greenhouse gas emissions associated with deforestation and forest degradation from being released.
As a result,
the forest became a commodity storing carbon and REDD+ was introduced
to conserve that commodity by remunerating the conserver.
Forests are a complex network of dependencies and inter-dependencies supporting the diversity of life.
They are also our best shot at
climate change mitigation as they are capable of sequestering and storing
huge proportions of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
They are constantly at high risk due to the global demand for land and resources. Hence, the
Parties at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change started designing and developing
programs
to save forests from deforestation and degradation.
As a result, they adopted a program known as
UN-REDD (United Nations Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation) in collaboration with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to
implement national
REDD+ strategies in developing countries.
REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) strategies promote sustainable
management, conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks by encouraging public and private
investment in developing countries.
It basically remunerates the developing countries to
keep forests alive without cutting them down as a measure
to prevent greenhouse gas emissions associated with deforestation and forest
degradation from being released.
As a result,
the forest became a commodity storing carbon and REDD+ was introduced
to conserve that commodity by remunerating the conserver.
There is a lack of consistency with the definitions of forests within the United Nations. Hence, the
participating countries can define their individual definitions within the pre-defined ranges.
The study visualizes the significant change in forest area and deforestation rates by altering
definitions provided by organizations such as UNFCCC and FAO and comparing it with the upper limit
of definition concluded through research by Nophea Sasaki1 & Francis E. Putz.
PLACE-HOLDER
The choice of a forest definition can have a large impact on estimates of deforestation and forest
degradation areas, on the assessment of drivers of deforestation and on the development of a
Reference Emissions Level.
The definitions of the forest do not differentiate between natural forests and forest
plantations. The ambiguity is these definitions are one the main concerns as the loggers might keep
exploiting until they hit the national threshold leading to huge deforestation, forest degradation,
biodiversity loss and loss of carbon stocks leading to increased emissions.
UN-REDD has no / minimal impact on deforestation as it fails to combat the underlying causes of
deforestation.
The variation in individual definitions gives a distorted perception of global deforestation.
The policy focuses on reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation.
The study further visualizes the trend of carbon dioxide emissions driven by
deforestation. It also aims to analyze the trends by previously discussed thresholds to
understand the impact of policy with different standards.
PLACE-HOLDER
Programs such as REDD+ cannot be perceived as a permanent solution for emission reductions to
mitigate climate change as, by definition, the offset project does not reduce overall emissions. In
most cases, the emissions reductions at one location are claimed as a justification for excess
emission at another location.
Indigenous forest dwellers or peasants are often criminialized and dispalced for forest
degradation, while the corporations with industrials farms are incentivized for reducing emissions.
UN-REDD has no / minimal impact on carbon dioxide emissions related to deforestation and
degradation.
The programs solely incentivize emission reduction and do not incentivize or encourage
indigenous practices, agroforestry, or other sustainable land management practices.
Indigenous land is usually managed by a community without individual legal proprietorship.
Due to industrial lobby and corruption, land rights are snatched from these
populations and transferred for so-called environmental projects.
It often results in biodiversity loss as the carbon stock is evidently just stored in
trees and soil leading to degradation of forests.
PLACE-HOLDER
Heinrich Böll Foundation discusses the contradictions in a research stating, “They can only be
benefited under the program if they portray that they are a threat to their own forest lands
contributing to false perception smallholder land use in the forest is major causes of forest loss.
After all, without evidence of the threat of deforestation, there are no emissions from
deforestation that could be avoided – and there can be no REDD+ payment without proof that REDD+
measures have contributed to reducing emissions that would otherwise have been released.”
Hence, programs like REDD+ have been proved to be inefficient to provide financial support to
indigenous forest dwellers or peasants who are least responsible for forest degradation.
The native population is unaware of the details of the program leading to social conflict.
PLACE-HOLDER
PLACE-HOLDER
They have initiated a new phase of ‘green grabbing’ where land and resource grabs are done with a
private agenda in the name of environmental protection.
Programs such as REDD+ attempts to save the emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation to sell the saved emissions to corporations so they can continue polluting.It’s a luring
opportunity for a corporation to invest in forest conservation projects to offset their emissions.
The program has become a huge economic opportunity as the REDD+ permits are sold in voluntary
Carbon Markets. According to a report by Ecosystem Marketplace, Forestry and Land Use activities
were used to offset 50.7 MtCO²e in 2018, creating a financial market of approximately 171.9 million
USD in the voluntary carbon market.
none
none
none


--- layout: page title: About me css: "/css/aboutme.css" ---
Currently an Associate Innovation Software Developer doing machine learning at Bottomline Technologies.
Obtained my Bachelors of Science in Computer Science from the Rochester Institute of Technology.
I love to work on projects which have a positive impact on their users and those users lives. My main interests are: embedded computing, operating systems, machine learning and computer graphics. But I'm always looking to learn!
I love sports (both playing and watching), video games, TV, movies and reading. I also enjoy traveling and spending time with friends.
The projects page contains a selection of my work, but you can also view my resume or visit my Github.
Grew up in little Rhode Island. I moved to New York for undergrad and now I live in New Hampshire.
If you would like to chat, you can email me or connect with me on Twitter. Feel free to get in touch!


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We are excited you are considering becoming one of the select health professionals who will shape the future of disease detection! Your application has been successfully submitted and you should have received a confirmation email by now.


Will catch ( EOFException eof )
catch an IOException
that is not an EOFException
?
No.
Since EOFException
is a subclass of IOException
the
catch block will not catch the latter.
But readInt()
may throw an IOException
.
Say that we wish to catch it.
Here is an attempt to finish the loop:
// Loop with problems try { while ( true ) sum += instr.readInt(); } catch ( EOFException eof ) { System.out.println( "The sum is: " + sum ); instr.close(); } catch ( IOException eof ) { System.out.println( "Problem reading input" ); instr.close(); }
This is syntactically correct.
It is OK to have several catch{}
blocks with the
most specific exceptions listed first.
But there is a problem.


Welcome to Azure Static Web Apps!
Please replace your own contents!
This site hosted by Azure Static Web Apps.
© 2021 Takashi Okawa


Indoor Air Pollution is a major trigger for asthma. A new initiative at the City of Houston and the Baylor College of Medicine is sending teams of inspectors to houses around the city when children are diagnosed with asthma. They need a mobile application for tablet that helps them track the inspection. Functionalities are desired to help the inspector during inspection of a house.
The app would be pre-loaded with information about the structure provided in advance by the city. The app should have an intuitive interface for filling out information on the exterior and interior of the house. As they move through the inspection, rooms should be displayed and checklist items provided. There should also be opportunities to upload photos and take notes. The collected data should be saved centrally.


Important Note 1: This version is backward compatible. You can use it with previous version of GRAPLEr, v3.1.1.
Important Note 2: The default submission URL is https://graple.acis.ufl.edu/
. If you are setting the submission URL manually, remember to use it with https
, not http
. Otherwise, you will get an error after running the experiment.
In RStudio on your machine, run:
devtools::install_github("GRAPLE/GRAPLEr")
This will install the latest version of GRAPLEr on your machine and replace the old version, if that exists. To make sure it has updated to v3.1.2, run:
packageVersion("GRAPLEr")
The output should be:
[1] ‘3.1.2’
Contact technical support.


This is an example of a local server's home page. It has a login form!
TODO: Make this look more like a router's login page, maybe?
Username:
Password:


Sample queries:
- VomEncode - All benchmarks with names matching VomEncode
- os:linux cpu:amd64 v.io/v23/security - Benchmarks on desktop linux for the v.io/v23/security package
- os - Operating system, e.g., os:linux, os:"Ubuntu 14.04" etc.
- cpu - CPU, e.g., cpu:arm, cpu:xeon etc.
- uploader - Identity of uploader, e.g., uploader:janedoe
- label - Label assigned by the uploader, e.g., label:mylabel


WITNESS LIST
Intergovernmental Relations
April 5, 2017 9:00 AM
FOR:
Malloy, Victor Homeowner (Alamo Ranch-Austin Grant Edition), San Antonio, TX
Muñoz, Ned General Counsel (Texas Association of Builders), Austin, TX
ON:
Wright, Jonathan Commander 502 Installation Support Group (also providing written
testimony) (Joint Base San Antonio), Lackland, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Baggett, Donnis Executive Vice President (Texas Press Association), Austin, TX
Carlton, John Legislative Counsel (Texas State Association of Fire and Emergency
Districts), Austin, TX
Cohen, Howard Attorney (Schwartz, Page & Harding, L.L.P.), Houston, TX
Dixon, Don Engineer (Self), San Antonio, TX
Hall, Terri Director (Texas TURF), San Antonio, TX
Koebele, Steve (Self), Austin, TX
Privett, Tony Owner (City of Lubbock), Lubbock, TX
Richtermeyer, Paulomi Resident (Riverplace HOA), Austin, TX
Skaggs, Jason Executive Director of Government Affairs (Texas and SW Cattle Raisers
Association), Austin, TX
AGAINST:
Kelly, Bill Director of Govt. Affairs (Mayor's Office, City of Houston), Houston, TX
Nystrom, Ashley Legislative Liaison (City of Waco), Waco, TX
Ramirez, Rick (City of Sugar Land), Sugar Land, TX
FOR:
Morales, Erich A. Assistant County Attorney (County of El Paso), El Paso, TX
ON:
Haggerty, Pat (Mesquite Properties), TX
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Bresnen, Steve Attorney (El Paso County), Austin, TX
Lee, Donald Executive Director (Texas Conference of Urban Counties), Austin, TX
Walker, Nate (Texas Low Income Housing Information Service), Austin, TX
FOR:
Abbott, Robert Fire Chief (Travis County ESD #6), Austin, TX
Ancona, Barbara (also providing written testimony) (Hudson Bend Citizen), Austin, TX
Bepko, Robert (Homeowners Against Annexation), Boerne, TX
Bepko, Robin (Homeowner), Boerne, TX
Botkin, Bradford (Self), Boerne, TX
Carlton, John Legislative Counsel (Texas State Association of Fire and Emergency
Districts), Austin, TX
WITNESS LIST
Intergovernmental Relations
April 5, 2017 9:00 AM
Drollinger, Gregory (Homeowners Against Annexation), Boerne, TX
Dunbar, Bruce (Self), Boerne, TX
Gorman, Richard (Cobblestone HOA), San Antonio, TX
Green, Barbara (Homeowners Against Annexation), Boerne, TX
Hadick, Clayton Chair, NW 151 Annexation Board (Alamo Ranch), San Antonio, TX
Hagemann, Howard Director (Wells Branch MUD), Austin, TX
Harrison, A.J. CMSat (Ret) (Alamo Ranch Community Association), San Antonio, TX
Haynes, Glenda Secretary (Self; Homeowners Against Annexation), Boerne, TX
Herron, Vicky (Self), Boerne, TX
Hirte, Thomas (Alamo Ranch), San Antonio, TX
Hopkins, Pat (HAA), Boerne, TX
Huff, Larry (Self), Boerne, TX
Hurst, Miles Guest (Hudson Bend INC COMM.), Austin, TX
Johnson, Justin (Homeowners Association), Boerne, TX
Lennon, Robin President Co-Founder (Kingwood TEA Party), Kingwood, TX
Mahan, Kenneth (Homeowners), Boerne, TX
Malloy, Victor Home Owner (Alamo Ranch - Austin Grant Subdivision), San Antonio, TX
Martinez de Vara, Art General Counsel (Committee To Incorporate Alamo Ranch), Von
Ormy, TX
Mattox, Tim River Place Community (also providing written testimony) (River Place
Community), Austin, TX
Maxey, Janet (Self), Austin, TX
Mayer, Stanley (Self), Austin, TX
Misikoff, Michael (also providing written testimony) (Peninsula at Westlake), Austin, TX
Moore, Alton Chair (Hudson Bend Incorporation Committee), Austin, TX
Mouser, Michael (Alamo Ranch), San Antonio, TX
Quintero, James Analyst (also providing written testimony) (Texas Public Policy
Foundation), Austin, TX
Riemensnider, Donald (Self), Boerne, TX
Roberts, Robin (Self), Boerne, TX
Robinder, Ronald (Self), Austin, TX
Roggenkamp, Kenneth Homeowner (Alamo Ranch), San Antonio, TX
Roggenkamp, Sandra (Self), San Antonio, TX
Ross, Shirley General Manager (Wells Branch MUD), Austin, TX
Stewart, Michael Husband, Father, President, Homeowners Against Annexation (also
providing written testimony) (Self), Boerne, TX
Stewart, Riley (Riley Stewart), Boerne, TX
Upham, Eddie (Self), San Antonio, TX
Vane, Kenneth (Alamo Ranch), San Antonio, TX
Wise, Summer (also providing written testimony) (Self), Austin, TX
AGAINST:
Burghdoff, Dana Assistant Director, Planning & Development (City of Fort Worth), Fort
Worth, TX
WITNESS LIST
Intergovernmental Relations
April 5, 2017 9:00 AM
Cavazos-Reyna, LeRoy VP Governmental Affairs (San Antonio Hispanic Chamber of
Commerce), San Antonio, TX
Collier, Virginia City Planner (City of Austin), Austin, TX
Coyle, Jeff Dir. of Govt Affairs (City of San Antonio), San Antonio, TX
Ramos, Melinda Senior Asst Attorney (City of Fort Worth), Fort Worth, TX
ON:
Wright, Jonathan Commander, 502 Installation Support Group Joint Base (also providing
written testimony) (Joint Base San Antonio), Lackland AFB, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Almond, Bob (River Place), Austin, TX
Baker, Ronald IBM Distinguished Engineer, Smart Cities Strategist, Austin City VP Board
Member (Self), Austin, TX
Berver, Emily (Self), Austin, TX
Borgelt, Roger (North Austin MUD Num l, Riverplace RCA, Peninsula at West Lake),
Austin, TX
Burns, Edward Citizen of Suburban Austin (Self), Austin, TX
Calvert, Raif (Self), Austin, TX
Cash, Elizabeth (Self), San Antonio, TX
Cassell, Nancy (Homeowner), San Antonio, TX
Currier, Allen (NW 151 Annexation Board, Inc.), San Antonio, TX
Currier, Ruth (NW 151 Annexation, Inc.), San Antonio, TX
Dickens, Hannah (Self), San Antonio, TX
Dickens, Harvey (Self), San Antonio, TX
Dickerson, Kerry (River Place Community), Austin, TX
Dixon, Don Engineer (Self), San Antonio, TX
Fitzpatrick, Sandra (Self), Boerne, TX
Gandy, Suzanne (Self), Austin, TX
Hall, Terri Director (Texas TURF), San Antonio, TX
Harris, John Resident (Riverplace Community, Austin Texas), Austin, TX
Herron, David (Self), Boerne, TX
Hill, Richard (Self), San Antonio, TX
Howell, Susan (Self), San Antonio, TX
Hunt, Andrew Vice President (North Austin MUD #1, Vista Oaks MUD, Wells Branch
Mud, Crossroads Utilities), Round Rock, TX
Iacobucci, Aylin (River Place HOA), Austin, TX
Jensen, Dierk Retired (Self), San Antonio, TX
Jones, Brandy (River Place HOA - Austin TX), Austin, TX
Kantor, Martha (Homeowner), San Antonio, TX
Kantor, Michael (Homeowner), San Antonio, TX
Keener, Justin Consultant (Americans for Prosperity - Texas), Austin, TX
Kinross, Robert (HCR HOA), San Antonio, TX
Koebele, Steve (Self), Austtin, TX
WITNESS LIST
Intergovernmental Relations
April 5, 2017 9:00 AM
Lennon, James (Self), Kingwood, TX
Mattox, Christine (Self), Austin, TX
Mitchell, Chris Homeowner (River Place Residence), Austin, TX
Moten, Margaret (Self), Austin, TX
Mouser, Janet (Alamo Ranch), San Antonio, TX
Nichoil, Howard Director (River Place - Overlook), Austin, TX
O'Neal, Josefina (Self), San Antonio, TX
ONeal, K.S. (Self), San Antonio, TX
ORourke, Cynthia (River Place resident), Austin, TX
Peña, Roman Homeowner (Alamo Ranch HOA), San Antonio, TX
Peterson, Ward (Self), Boerne, TX
Petronis, Joseph (Self), Austin, TX
Pounds, Lori (HAA Homeowners against annexation), Boerne, TX
Rachkind, Ivar (River Place HOA), Austin, TX
Richards, Beth (Self), Boerne, TX
Richards, Dave (Self), Boerne, TX
Rios, Gerardo Sr. UPICTO (River Place), Austin, TX
Robinson, Christy (Self; Resident of River Place Neighborhood), Austin, TX
Skaggs, Jason Exec. Dir. of Govt. Affairs (TX and SW Cattle Raisers Assoc.), Austin, TX
Smyser, Craig (Self), Austin, TX
Theasmeyer, Shirley (Self), San Antonio, TX
Vandenberg, Nancy (Self), San Antonio, TX
Walker, Grant (Self), Austin, TX
Watling, Brent (Self), San Antonio, TX
AGAINST:
Acevedo, Julie Consultant (The City Bay Town), Austin, TX
Baker, Lindsey (City of Denton), Denton, TX
Freeman, Derrick Mayor (City of Port Arthur, TX), Port Arthur, TX
Houston, Scott General Counsel (Texas Municipal League), Austin, TX
Kelly, Bill Director of Government Affairs (Mayor's Office, City of Houston), Houston,
TX
Nystrom, Ashley Legislative Liason (City of Waco), Waco, TX
Ozuna, Jesse Assistant Director, Government Relations (Mayor's Office, City of Houston),
Houston, TX
Perez, Richard President/ CEO (The San Antonio Chamber of Commerce), San Antonio,
TX
Privett, Tony Owner (City of Lubbock), Lubbock, TX
Ramirez, Rick (City of Sugar Land), Sugar Land, TX
Rodriguez, Jennifer Consultant (City of College Station), Austin, TX
ON:
Hockenyos, Jon (Self; TXP), Austin, TX
WITNESS LIST
Intergovernmental Relations
April 5, 2017 9:00 AM
Providing written testimony:
FOR:
Cash, Richard Chairman (Committee to Incorporate Alamo Ranch), San Antonio, TX
Douglass, Edward (Myself as resident of River Place), Austin, TX
Green, Kim Director (North Austin MUD #1), Austin, TX
Junkin, Jimmy (Self), Boerne, TX
Nieten, Joesph (Homeowners of Hill Country Retreat), San Antonio, TX
Paul, Greg (Self), Boerne, TX
Paul, Patty (Self), Boerne, TX
Stewart, Michael (Self), Boerne, TX
Vogel, Susan (Self), Boerne, TX
AGAINST:
Quint, Michael Executive Director of Development Services (City of McKinney),
McKinney, TX
FOR:
Waltor, Bill Attorney (Housing Authority of the City of El Paso), Austin, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
ON:
Holloway, Marni Director of Multifamily Finance (Texas Department of Housing and
Community Affairs), Austin, TX
Walker, Nate (Texas Low Income Information Service), Austin, TX


|
Games Task Scheduler (GTS)
A multi-processor scheduling framework for games engines
|
This section covers various methods that allow the developer to relace GTS's plaform layer with their own. This is highly useful for expanding the number for plaforms and platform versions that GTS supports.
GTS is divided into the layers diagramed below. The User Configuration region represents the location where the developer can insert their own platform later and replace portions or all of GTS's platform implementation.
User configureation is handled through a user_config.h header. It allows the developer to replace:
user_config.h is consumed in machine.h. The developer can supply a location to thier own configuration file by defining GTS_USER_CONFIG and adding an include.
The static library method requires the developer to separate their engine's platform layer into a static library. The static library is added to GTS and the user_config.h is implmented by the static library.
The build-in-engine method move GTS directly into engines source project. The user_config.h is implmented by the engines source.
The supply-implementation method is the most invasive. The developer will replacing the implementation files of:
Asserts can be hooked with the interface in assert.h.


Object
# File lib/mocha/in_state_ordering_constraint.rb, line 5 def initialize(state_predicate) @state_predicate = state_predicate end
# File lib/mocha/in_state_ordering_constraint.rb, line 9 def allows_invocation_now? @state_predicate.active? end
# File lib/mocha/in_state_ordering_constraint.rb, line 13 def mocha_inspect "when<EMAIL_ADDRESS>end
[Validate]
Generated with the Darkfish Rdoc Generator 2.


This section shows either components or files depending on what's selected under 'View Selection'. The components area has at least one example of each component to show the effect of the selected theme. Use the top tabs to control which category of components to focus on.


RBA minutes: Board is in “monitoring” mode - Westpac
by Dhwani MehtaAccording to Bill Evans, Analyst at Westpac, “the minutes confirm the RBA's easing bias but suggest they will hold rates in December in order to monitor incoming data. We continue to expect a cut in the cash rate to 0.50% in February.”
Key Quotes:
“The minutes of the November monetary policy meeting of the Reserve Bank Board give us no significant reason to change our view that the next rate cut will occur in February.
While some forecasters have been promoting the idea of a move in December, these minutes provide the flavor of a Board that is in no hurry to make the next cut. The minutes conclude that “the Board would continue to monitor developments”.
The case for a December rate cut is heavily downplayed in these minutes, although, as discussed, the meeting occurred before the disappointing wages and employment prints from last week.
We certainly do not believe that those prints will be sufficient to move the RBA away from its current “monitoring” approach and so confirm our forecast that the next cut will occur in February 2020.
The discussion around the impact of low rates on confidence is clearly very significant and gives some support to our view that 0.5% will be the effective lower bound of the cash rate in this cycle.”


Flat rate(s)
tursfriend helps and invites you maxime you Oporto visit experience.
tursfriend is a company for Personalized Tourism and Private Tours around Oporto city and all country.
tursfriend helps and invites you maxime you Oporto visit experience.
Take part in memorable tours around Oporto. You will know wonderful places and charming spots. Feel the heart and soul of Oporto and meet some of its most typical characters.
We plan tailor-made and customized tours, according to your ideas and wishes. No itinerary is equal to another.
We are open to your ideas. Each tour being unique, none is definite. This way, if more appealing alternatives pop up along the pre-established tour, it will be immediately redefined. Your wish will be our priority.
We listen to your ideas, feel your expectations and respect your style and your wishes. As we deeply know the town and the country, we offer you suggestions, but its up to you to decide what to do and how to do it.
No trip is equal to another. Each tour is SINGLE and unique. Just like you.
Tursfriend release package party - Fall 2014
Tursfriend release party - 11-09 2014 - Estádio da Luz (A ver se cai o abiao)


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