Chapter8 Formulae
<IP_ADDRESS> Energy Efficiency \(\mu\) (as %):
\[\mu = \frac{energy \, output}{energy \, input} \times 100 \]
<IP_ADDRESS> Conservation of Energy Formula
(Closed System)
\[\Delta U = Q - W \]
Where:
\(\Delta U\) : as a change in internal energy
\(Q\) : the net quantity of heat supplied to the system by its surroundings
\(W\) : denotes the net work done by the system.
(Open System)
\[ \dot{Q} -\dot{W} = \sum \dot{m_{in}} - \dot{h_{out}}\]
Where:
\(\dot{m}\) : is the change in mass with respect to time (“flow”)
<IP_ADDRESS> Heat transferred by:
<IP_ADDRESS> 1. Conduction
\[ \dot{Q}= KA \frac{T_{1}-T_{2}}{1} \]
Where:
\(K\) : is the thermal conductivity constant (obtained by experimentation in W/m.K.)
\(A\) : is the area of the surface
\(T\) : is for the temperature of the system
<IP_ADDRESS> 2. Convection
\[\dot{Q}= hA ({T_{1}-T_{2}}) \]
Where:
\(h\) : convective heat transfer coefficient
\(A\) : is the area implied in the heat transfer process
\(T\): is for the temperature of the system
<IP_ADDRESS> 3. Radiation
\[\dot{Q}= \varepsilon \sigma A ({T^{4}-T_0^{4}})\]
Where:
\(\varepsilon\) : is the emissivity of the system
\(\sigma\) : is the constant of Stephan-Boltzmann \(5.670367(13)\times10^{-8} W \cdot m^{-2} \cdot K^{-8} )\)
\(A\): is the area involved in the heat transfer by radiation
\(({T^{4}-T_0^{4}})\) : is the difference of temperature between two systems
<IP_ADDRESS> PMV
The PMV index is expressed by P.O. Fanger as
\[ PMV = (0.303e ^{0.036M} + 0.028) L \]
where:
\(PMV\) : Predicted Mean Vote Index
\(L\) : thermal load - defined as the difference between the internal heat production and the heat loss to the actual environment - for a person at comfort skin temperature and evaporative heat loss by sweating at the actual activity level.
<IP_ADDRESS> HDD (Heating Degree Days)
\[HDD (T_{ref}) =\frac{1}{24}\sum_{8760}^{i=1} max (T_{ref}- T_{ext, i} , 0)\]
Where:
\(T_{ref}\) : reference temperature
\(T_{ext}\) : exterior temperature
\(i\) : inlet temperatures of hot/cold fluid
<IP_ADDRESS> CDD (Cooling Degree Days)
\[CDD (T_{ref}) =\frac{1}{24}\sum_{8760}^{i=1} max (T_{ref, i}- T_{ext} , 0)\]
####Thermal Balance
\[Q= Q_{in} - Q_{out} = Q_{walls} + Q_{windows}+ Q_{roof}+ Q_{ceiling}\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Ventilation and Air Leakages
\[\dot{Q} = \dot{m}cp\Delta T\]
Where:
\(cp\) : surface pressure coefficient
\(\Delta T\) : temperature difference
####Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (U)
\[Q = U\Delta T\]
\[U = \frac{1}{1/h1 + La/Ka + 1/h2}\]
Where:
\(q\) : heat transfer (W, J/s, Btu/h)
\(A\) : heat transfer area (\(m^2, ft^2\))
\(k\) : thermal conductivity of material (W/m K or W/m oC, Btu/(hr or ft2/ft))
\(dT\) : temperature gradient - difference - in the material (K or oC, oF)
\(s\) : material thickness (m, ft)
<IP_ADDRESS> Heat Balance
\[Q = Q_{heating/cooling} + Q_{envelope} + Q_{internal}+ Q_{air}\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Heat through envelope
\[Q_{envelope} = HDD\times Q_{x}\]
\[Q_{x} = A_{ceiling} \times U_{ceiling} \times A_{floor} \times U_{floor} A_{window} \times U_{window} + ( A_{wall} - A_{window }) \times U_{wall}\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Heat through air exchange
\[Q = \dot{m} _{leakage} \times Cp \times V \times HDD\]
Where:
\(V\) : Volume of the room
<IP_ADDRESS> Internal Gains
\[Q_{internal} = Q_{occupants} + Q_{appliances}\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Solar Gains
\[Q_{solar} = AI [T+U(\sigma^\alpha)]\]
Where:
\(A\) : Area
\(I\):irradiation
\(TU(\sigma^\alpha)\) : Coefficient that depends on the transmissivity and the absorbed radiation by the surface, through each radiation enters the room
<IP_ADDRESS> Hot water modelling
Changing Product Temperature - Heating up the Product with Steam
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance can be expressed as:
\[\Delta U = m c_{p} \Delta T\]
Where:
\(\Delta U\) : quantity (difference) of energy or heat (kJ)
\(m\) : mass of substance (kg)
\(c_{p}\) : specific heat of substance (kJ/kg K)
\(\Delta T\) : temperature (difference) rise of substance
\(c_{p}\) 4.18 kJ/kg.K
<IP_ADDRESS> Pipe Losses
\[q_{p}= \pi (T_{2}-T_{1})/ ln (D_{out}/D)\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Enthalpy
The enthalpy change associated with the change in temperature and specific humidity of the present state and a reference state, by:
\[\Delta h = h-h_{ref} = [Cp_{dry\, air}T+ w(Cp_{water\, vapour}T+h_{fg})]-[Cp_{dry\, air}T+ w(Cp_{water\, vapour}T+h_{fg})]\]
Since the reference conditions are typically considered to be ° C and dry, enthalpy air from the reference state is calculated by:
\[h = Cp_{dry\, air}T+ w(Cp_{water\, vapour}T+h_{fg})\]
This expression is usually analyzed according to a sensitive component \(\Delta h_{sen} = (Cp_{dry\, air}+ w \times Cp_{water\, vapour})T\) and is a latent component \(h_{lat} =(h_{fg})w\). Since the specific humidity takes very low values in climatization situations, the psychrometric chart is defined by the axis of dry temperature and specific humidity. Generally, the following values are considered for specific heat and enthalpy of phase:
\[h = 1.01\times T + w(1.9T + 2480)\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Relative humidity
The relative humidity is calculated by the ratio between the effective vapor pressure and the maximum vapor pressure. The maximum vapor pressure corresponds to the saturated vapor pressure temperature (pvsat (T)).
\[RH = \frac{p_v}{p_{vsat}(T)}\times 100 \%\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Saturated Vapor Pressure
The saturated vapor pressure is obtained directly from the water vapor tables, being a function of temperature, and can be obtained by the following correlation, where T is in ° C and pvsat in kPa.
\[p_{vsat}(T)= 10^{(28.59051-8.2log(T+273.16)+0.0024804(T+273.16) - \frac{3142.31}{(T+273.16)})}\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Specific humidity
While the relative humidity establishes a relationship between the volume and the vapor the maximum possible vapor volume, the specific humidity establishes a mass ratio between water vapor and dry air present in the mixture, being defined by:
\[w= 0.622\frac{p_{v}}{p_{atm}-p_{v}}\]
where patm is the atmospheric pressure, which assumes the normal value of 101,325 kPa.
<IP_ADDRESS> Dry temperature and wet temperature
The dry and humid temperature are related by the following expression:
\[p_{v} = p_{vsat}(T_h) - 0.000666(T_s-T_h)\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Lighting Concepts
Luminous Flux (\(\Phi\ : lm\setminus m^2\))
<IP_ADDRESS> Illuminance from a Light Source
\[E = \frac{lcos\Phi }{d^2}\]
Where: \(E\) : illuminance from a certain place (lux)
\(d\) : distance to the light source
\(\Phi\) : Angle from the light source
\(I\): light source luminous intensity (lm)
<IP_ADDRESS> Lighting Service (L)
Amount of time that the activity takes place
\[L = E\times A\times \Delta T(lm. s)\]
Where:
\(E\) : Required level of illuminance in a certain place (lux)
\(A\) : Area which requires a certain level of illuminance (\(m^2\))
\(\Delta\) : time period
<IP_ADDRESS> Inverse Square Law
(The intensity of illumination produced by a point source varies inversely as square of the distance from the source.)
\[E = \frac{I}{d^2}\]
Where:
\(I\): intensity of illumination
\(d\): distance from the source
<IP_ADDRESS> Cosine Law (Lambert’s Law)
\[E_H = \frac{I}{d^2}\cos\Theta\]
\(I\): intensity of illumination
\(d\): distance from the source
\(\Theta\): angle from the light source
<IP_ADDRESS> Cosine Cubed Law
\[E_H = \frac{I}{d^2}\cos^3\Theta\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Useful Lumen Output (ULO)
\[ULO = (n\times N\times F)\times(UF)\] Where:
\(n\): lamp number per fixture
\(N\): total fixture number
\(F\): Individual Lamp Lumem output
\(UF\):utilisation factor
<IP_ADDRESS> Illumination Average Area
(rate of the portion of Lumen Output with influence in the lighting of an area)
\[E = (n\times N\times F \times UF \times LLF)/A\]
Where:
\(E\): Illuminance Average (in lux)
\(n\): lamp number per fixture
\(N\): total fixture number
\(F\): Individual Lamp Lumem output
\(UF\):utilisation factor
\(A\):Area
\(LLF\): Light Loss Factor
<IP_ADDRESS> Efficacy Index
\[P(W)/100 (lux)/m^2\]
(it shoud be \(<5\))
<IP_ADDRESS> Electrical Potential
\[P = U\times I\]
Where:
\(P\) : Power (Watt)
\(U\): voltage (volts)
\(I\): current (Amperes)
<IP_ADDRESS> Shape Factor
(indicator of the compacness of a building)
\[FF= \frac{A}{V}(m^2/ m^3)\]
Where:
\(A\): Area \((m^2)\)
\(V\): Volume \((m^3)\)
<IP_ADDRESS> Opportunity Cost
\[Opportunity \ Cost = Return \ on \ most \ Profitable \ Investment \ Choice - Return \ on \ Investment \ Chosen \ to \ Pursue\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Future Value
\[Future\ Value = Present \ Value \cdot (1+i)^n\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Present Value
\[Present\ Value = \frac{C}{(1+i)^n}\]
\(C\) - Net amount of money (cash-flows) that goes in or out of a project
\(n\) is the number of compounding periods between the present date and the date where the sum is worth C
\(i\) is the interest rate for one compounding period (the end of a compounding period is when interest is applied, for example, annually, semiannually, quarterly, monthly, daily).
<IP_ADDRESS> Annuity
Let \(a_{n}\) denote the present value of the annuity. As the present value of the \(j^{th}\) payment is \(v^{j}\), where v = 1/(1+i) is the discount factor, the present value of the annuity is:
\[a_{n}= v + v^{2} + v^{3}+...+ v^{n}\]
\[= v \times\left [ \frac{1-v^n}{1-v} \right ]\]
\[= \frac{1-v^n}{i}\]
\[= \frac{1-(1+i)^{-n}}{i}\]
The accumulated value of the annuity at time \(n\) is denoted by \(s_{n}\)
This is the future value of ane at time \(n\). Thus, we have:
\[s_{n} = s_{n} \times (i+1)^n\]
\[s_{n} =\frac{(1+i)^{n}-1}{i}\]
If the annuity is of level payments of P, the present and future values of the annuity are \(Pa_n\) and \(Ps_n\), respectively.
Given that A = annual repayment amount, the present value of one annual repayment amount paid in t years time is
\[P= \frac{A}{(1+i)^t}\],where \(i\) is the annual rate of interest expressed as a decimal or fraction
Given that A = annual repayment amount, the present value of one annual repayment amount paid in t years time is
Loan amount = sum of the present value of all the repayments (assuming payment at the end of each payment period)
Where:
\(P\) = Loan amount
\(A\) = periodic repayment amount,
\(t\) = the number of payment periods,
\(i\) = the interest rate for the payment period expressed as a decimal or fraction
\[P =\frac{A}{(1+i)} + \frac{A}{(1+i)^2} + \frac{A}{(1+i)^3} + .... \frac{A}{(1+i)^t}\]
\[A =\frac{1}{(1+i)} + \frac{1}{(1+i)^2} + \frac{1}{(1+i)^3} + .... \frac{1}{(1+i)^t}\]
\[\Rightarrow A = P\frac{i(1+i)^t}{(1+i)^t-1}\]
This type of calculation is so common that it is convenient to derive a formula to shortcut the calculation for the regular repayment \(A\). By considering the general case of an amortised loan with interest rate \(i\), taken out over \(t\) years, for a loan amount of \(P\), a geometric series can be used to derive the general formula:
\[A= P\frac{i(1+i)^t}{(1+i)^t-1}\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Net Present Value (NPV)
\[NPV_{i, N} \sum_{n=0}^{N}\frac{C_n}{(1+i)^n} - Investment\]
When cash inflows are even:
\[NPV = C × 1 − (1 + i)^{-n} − Initial \ Investment\]
In the above formula, \(C\) is the net cash inflow expected to be received in each period; \(i\) is the required rate of return per period; \(n\) are the number of periods during which the project is expected to operate and generate cash inflows.
When cash inflows are uneven:
\[NPV = C1 + ...+C_3 − Initial \ Investment\]
\(C_1:(1 + i)^1\)
\(C_2:(1 + i)^2\)
\(C_3:(1 + i)^3\)
Where, \(i\) is the target rate of return per period;
\(C1\) is the net cash inflow during the first period;
\(C_2\) is the net cash inflow during the second period;
\(C_3\) is the net cash inflow during the third period, and so on …
<IP_ADDRESS> Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
The Internal Rate of Return (IRR), corresponds to finding out what is the rate of return on the project that makes the NPV equal to 0.
\[IRR= \sum_{n=0}^{N}\frac{C_n}{(1+i)^n} = 0\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Payback
\[Payback \, Period = \frac{Amount\,Invested}{Estimated\,Net\,Cash\,Flow}\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Accounting Equation
\[Assets = Liabilities + Owner' s\ Equity\]
\(Assets = Liabilities + Equity\)
\(PV \ System = Accounts \ payable + None\)
\(1000 = 1000 + 0\)
\[Assets = Liabilities + Capital + Revenue - Expenses - Drawings\]
<IP_ADDRESS> Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)
\[LCOE = \frac{sum \ of \ costs\ \ over \ lifetime}{sum \ of \ eletrical\ energy\ produced \ over \ lifetime} = \frac{\sum_{t=1}^{n}\frac{I_t+M_t+F_t}{(1+r)^n}} {\sum_{t=1}^{n}\frac{E_t}{(1+r)^n}}\]
\(I_t\) = Investment expenditures in year t (including financing)
\(M_t\) = Operations and maintenance expenditures in year t
\(F_t\) = Fuel expenditures in year t
\(E_t\) = Electricity generation in year t
\(r\) = Discount rate
\(n\) = Life of the system
<IP_ADDRESS> Cost-Optimaly Methodology
The global cost must be calculated according to EN15459 as indicated in the formula:
\[C_{g}(\tau) = C_I \sum{_j}[ \sum_{i=1}^{\tau}(C_{a,i(j)} \cdot R_d(i)) - C_{f\tau}(j)]\]
Where:
\(Cg(t)\) are the Global costs referring to the starting year τ=0,
\(Cl\) are the Initial investment costs,
\(Ca,i(j)\) are the annual costs year i for energy-related component j (energy costs, operational costs, periodic or replacement costs, maintenance costs),
\(Rd(i)\) is the discount rate for year i (depending on interest rate),
\(Vf,τ(j)\) is the final value of component j at the end of the calculation period (referred to the starting year τ=0 ),
<IP_ADDRESS> Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)
\(CAPM = R_f + \beta \times R_m\) and \(\beta=R_f+(r_m−r_f)\)


About Me
Hi, I'm Zhansaya
Currently I am pursuing Full Stack Wed Developer at UT BootCamp in Austin, graduation date September 2021.
I am fluent in English, Russian, Kazakh languages.
I have a strong work ethic, extensive organizational
and administrative support skills.


{% verbatim %}
For the learning of variable length sequences, the existing mainstream frameworks such as tensorflow, pytorch, caffe2, mxnet and so on all use padding.
Different-length sequences in a mini-batch will be padded with zeros and transformed to same length.
The existing RNN implementations of the PaddlePaddle is RecurrentLayerGroup
,
which supports the variable length sequences without padding.
This doc will design fluid's RNN based on this idea.
LODTensor
At present, Paddle stores data in one mini-batch in one-dimensional array.
Argument.sequenceStartPositions
is used to store information for each sentence.
In Paddle, Argument.subSequenceStartPositions
is used to store 2 levels of sequence information, while higher dimensional sequences can not be supported.
In order to support the storage of N-level
sequences, we define sequence information as the following data structure.
std::shared_ptr<std::vector<std::vector<int>>> lod_start_pos_;
Or more clearly defined here
typedef std::vector<int> level_t;
std::vector<level_t> lod_start_pos;
level_t
here stores a level of offset information consistent with paddle's current practice.
In order to transmit sequence information more transparently, we have introduced a new tensor called LODTensor
[1].
Its tensor-related interfaces all inherit directly from Tensor
, but it also adds serial-related interfaces.
Thus, when working with a LODTensor
, ordinary Op
is used directly as Tensor
.
The Op
of the operation sequence will additionally operate the relevant interface of the LODTensor
variable-length sequence operation.
The definition of LODTensor
is as follows:
class LODTensor : public Tensor {
public:
size_t Levels() const { return seq_start_positions_.size(); }
size_t Elements(int level = 0) const {
return seq_start_positions_[level].size();
}
// slice of level[elem_begin: elem_end]
// NOTE low performance in slice seq_start_positions_.
// TODO should call Tensor's Slice.
LODTensor LODSlice(int level, int elem_begin, int elem_end) const;
// slice with tensor's data shared with this.
LODTensor LODSliceShared(int level, int elem_begin, int elem_end) const;
// copy other's lod_start_pos_, to share LOD info.
// NOTE the LOD info sould not be changed.
void ShareConstLODFrom(const LODTensor &other) {
lod_start_pos_ = other.lod_start_pos_;
}
// copy other's lod_start_pos_'s content, free to mutate.
void ShareMutableLODFrom(const LODTensor &other) {
lod_start_pos_ = std::make_shared <
std::vector<std::vector<int>>(other.lod_start_pos_.begin(),
other.lod_start_pos_.end());
}
private:
std::shared_ptr<std::vector<std::vector<int>>> lod_start_pos_;
};
lod_start_pos_
uses shared_ptr
to reduce the cost of storage and replication.
LODTensor
can be thought as an extension of Tensor
, which is almost completely compatible with the original Tensor
.
Tensor
with LoDTensor
To implement the passing of LODTensor
, most Tensor
in the framework need to be replaced with LODTensor
.
Simple implementation, directly replace all previous Tensor
with LODTensor
, where you can directly modify the Tensor
interface created in pybind.cc
.
In addition, the user may need to perceive the existence of a sequence (such as the sequence of the visualization needs to parse the output sequence in the model), so some of the serial operation APIs also need to be exposed to the python layer.
lod_start_pos
along with the Op call chainlod_start_pos
is passed along with the Op call chain
The framework needs to support the following features to implement the transmit of lod_start_pos
:
Implement the transfer as shared_ptr
lod_start_pos
as a consumerlod_start_pos
as producershared_ptr
passed overshared_ptr
to subsequent consumershared_ptr
, the framework only needs to pass lod_start_pos
once.Op is transparent enough not to sense lod_start_pos
lod_start_pos
can update its lod_start_pos
data when Run
After sorting by length, the batch size from the forward time step will naturally decrement, and you can directly plug it into Net to do the batch calculation.
For example, the original input:
origin:
xxxx
xx
xxx
-> sorted:
xxxx
xxx
xx
After SegmentInputs
, there will be 4 time steps, the input of each time step is as follows (vertical arrangement)
0 1 2 3
x x x x
x x x
x x
In order to track the changes before and after sorting, use here
struct SortedSeqItem {
void *start{nullptr};
void *end{nullptr};
};
std::vector<SortedSeqItem> sorted_seqs;
std::vector<SortedSeqItem> SortBySeqLen(const LODTensor& tensor);
sorted_seqs
In addition, because sorted_seqs
needs to be multiplexed with RecurrentGradientOp
, it will become a new output of RecurrentOp
.
It is passed in as an input to RecurrentGradientOp
.
Due to the sequence change, the order of the elements on the boot_memories
batch also needs to be rearranged accordingly.
SegmentInputs
relies on the information of sorted_seqs
to cut the original sequence from the horizontal to the input of each step in the sorted sequence order.
the transition is as follows:
origin:
xxxx
xx
xxx
|
|
\ /
!
0 1 2 3
x x x x
x x x
x x
ConcatOutputs
needs


Hi {{currentuser}} , your buckets are listed below.
Hi {{currentuser}} , you don't have any bucketlists. Go ahead and create some.
Showing {{ number_of_items }} bucketlists of {{ total }}


| 046:032 Khan | : |
And whosoever does not respond to Allah's Caller, he cannot escape on earth, and there will be no Auliya' (protectors) for him besides Allah (from Allah's Punishment). Those are in manifest error. |
| 046:032 Maulana | : |
And whoever accepts not the Inviter to Allah, he cannot escape in the earth, nor has he protectors besides Him. These are in manifest error. |
| 046:032 Pickthal | : |
And whoso respondeth not to Allah's summoner he can nowise escape in the earth, and he hath no protecting friends instead of Him. Such are in error manifest. |
| 046:032 Rashad | : |
Those who fail to respond to GOD's call cannot escape, and will have no Lord other than Him; they have gone far astray. |
| 046:032 Sarwar | : |
Those who do not favorably respond to the Messenger of God should know that they cannot challenge God on earth and will not have anyone as their guardian besides Him. Such people are in plain error". |
| 046:032 Shakir | : |
And whoever does not accept the-Divine caller, he shall not escape in the earth and he shall not have guardians besides Him, these are in manifest error. |
| 046:032 Sherali | : |
'And whoso does not respond to ALLAH's summoner, he cannot escape HIM in the earth, nor can he have any protector beside HIM. Such are in Manifest error.' |
| 046:032 Yusufali | : |
"If any does not hearken to the one who invites (us) to Allah, he cannot frustrate (Allah's Plan) on earth, and no protectors can he have besides Allah: such men (wander) in manifest error." |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > إنذار من لا يعترف بتوحيد الله تعالي بالانتقام Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah>A Warning to all who do not Acknowledge his Glory Oneness that He'll take Retribution from them الإيمان > الغيب > الجن Faith> The Unseen World> The Jinn
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


ng-trans.css plug-and-play transition for AngularJS
Try it
Select a trasition.
Select a timing function.
Install
Use bower to install: bower install ng-trans-css
, or download.
Usage
- Link your webpage to ng-trans.css
- Add class ng-trans ng-trans-{{transType}} to your the element of ng-repeat to make transition work.
- In addition, you can add class {{timingFunction}} to set timing fcuntion. (easeOutBack will bounce!)

{{ item }}

CSS


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 8-12
Dietary
A great picnic idea, this ‘sandwich’ is whole loaf of bread filled with grilled vegetables, cheese and tomatoes.
For the pesto, place all the ingredients except the oil in a food processor and blend. Gradually add the oil until you have a thick paste, and set aside.
For the sandwich, place the red and yellow peppers directly on a gas flame and keep turning until black all over. Remove from the hob and place in a bowl, cover with cling film, and set aside.
Heat a griddle pan and drizzle the sliced courgettes with olive oil. Place on the griddle until charred on both sides.
Slice off the top of the loaf of bread. Hollow out the loaf by scooping out the soft bread, leaving 3cm/1¼in of bread around the edge.
Fill the hollow loaf with layers of the peppers, tomatoes, courgettes, red onion, cheese and pesto, seasoning between each layer.
Place the lid of the loaf back on and push down, you can wrap it in cling film and leave overnight or slice straight away.


https://leetcode.com/problems/combination-sum/
Given a set of candidate numbers (candidates) (without duplicates) and a target number (target), find all unique combinations in candidates where the candidate numbers sums to target. The same repeated number may be chosen from candidates unlimited number of times. Note: All numbers (including target) will be positive integers. The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations. Example 1: Input: candidates = [2,3,6,7], target = 7, A solution set is: [ [7], [2,2,3] ] Example 2: Input: candidates = [2,3,5], target = 8, A solution set is: [ [2,2,2,2], [2,3,3], [3,5] ]
class Solution: def combinationSum(self, candidates: List[int], target: int) -> List[List[int]]:
class Solution: def combinationSum(self, candidates: List[int], target: int) -> List[List[int]]: find, result = self.combinationSumCall(candidates, target) if find: return result else: return [] def combinationSumCall(self, candidates, target): if target > 0 and len(candidates) == 0: return False, None if target == 0: return True, [[],] if target < 0: return False, None solution = [] for i in range(len(candidates)): val = candidates[i] find, temp_solution = self.combinationSumCall(candidates[i:], target - val) if find: for x in temp_solution: x.append(val) solution.append(x) return len(solution) > 0, solution


Our Background
Founded in 2016 ,TheAfricanBookclub aims at bringing together readers from all walks of life to share experiences, stories and books that changed their lives.
Our Resources
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Each week we have a theme, topics range from motivational content to educational messages from motion-pictures and music
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--- title: Image formation subtitle: Slides bigimg: /pages/c_05_image_formation/c_05_bigimg.jpg share-img: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/YoniChechik/AI_is_Math/master/docs/pages/c_05_image_formation/c_05_bigimg.jpg layout: page ---


|
yaml
0.2.5
|
Data Structures | |
| struct | yaml_anchors_s |
| struct | yaml_emitter_s |
| The emitter structure. More... | |
Typedefs | |
| typedef int | yaml_write_handler_t(void *data, unsigned char *buffer, size_t size) |
| The prototype of a write handler. More... | |
| typedef enum yaml_emitter_state_e | yaml_emitter_state_t |
| The emitter states. More... | |
| typedef struct yaml_anchors_s | yaml_anchors_t |
| typedef struct yaml_emitter_s | yaml_emitter_t |
| The emitter structure. More... | |
Functions | |
| int | yaml_emitter_initialize (yaml_emitter_t *emitter) |
| Initialize an emitter. More... | |
| void | yaml_emitter_delete (yaml_emitter_t *emitter) |
| Destroy an emitter. More... | |
| void | yaml_emitter_set_output_string (yaml_emitter_t *emitter, unsigned char *output, size_t size, size_t *size_written) |
| Set a string output. More... | |
| void | yaml_emitter_set_output_file (yaml_emitter_t *emitter, FILE *file) |
| Set a file output. More... | |
| void | yaml_emitter_set_output (yaml_emitter_t *emitter, yaml_write_handler_t *handler, void *data) |
| Set a generic output handler. More... | |
| void | yaml_emitter_set_encoding (yaml_emitter_t *emitter, yaml_encoding_t encoding) |
| Set the output encoding. More... | |
| void | yaml_emitter_set_canonical (yaml_emitter_t *emitter, int canonical) |
| Set if the output should be in the "canonical" format as in the YAML specification. More... | |
| void | yaml_emitter_set_indent (yaml_emitter_t *emitter, int indent) |
| Set the indentation increment. More... | |
| void | yaml_emitter_set_width (yaml_emitter_t *emitter, int width) |
| Set the preferred line width. More... | |
| void | yaml_emitter_set_unicode (yaml_emitter_t *emitter, int unicode) |
| Set if unescaped non-ASCII characters are allowed. More... | |
| void | yaml_emitter_set_break (yaml_emitter_t *emitter, yaml_break_t line_break) |
| Set the preferred line break. More... | |
| int | yaml_emitter_emit (yaml_emitter_t *emitter, yaml_event_t *event) |
| Emit an event. More... | |
| int | yaml_emitter_open (yaml_emitter_t *emitter) |
| Start a YAML stream. More... | |
| int | yaml_emitter_close (yaml_emitter_t *emitter) |
| Finish a YAML stream. More... | |
| int | yaml_emitter_dump (yaml_emitter_t *emitter, yaml_document_t *document) |
| Emit a YAML document. More... | |
| int | yaml_emitter_flush (yaml_emitter_t *emitter) |
| Flush the accumulated characters to the output. More... | |
| typedef int yaml_write_handler_t(void *data, unsigned char *buffer, size_t size) |
The prototype of a write handler.
The write handler is called when the emitter needs to flush the accumulated characters to the output. The handler should write size bytes of the buffer to the output.
| [in,out] | data | A pointer to an application data specified by yaml_emitter_set_output(). |
| [in] | buffer | The buffer with bytes to be written. |
| [in] | size | The size of the buffer. |
1
. If the handler failed, the returned value should be 0
. | typedef enum yaml_emitter_state_e yaml_emitter_state_t |
The emitter states.
| typedef struct yaml_emitter_s yaml_emitter_t |
The emitter structure.
All members are internal. Manage the structure using the yaml_emitter_
family of functions.
| enum yaml_emitter_state_e |
The emitter states.
| int yaml_emitter_initialize | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter | ) |
Initialize an emitter.
This function creates a new emitter object. An application is responsible for destroying the object using the yaml_emitter_delete() function.
| [out] | emitter | An empty parser object. |
1
if the function succeeded, 0
on error. | void yaml_emitter_delete | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter | ) |
Destroy an emitter.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
| void yaml_emitter_set_output_string | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter, |
| unsigned char * | output, | ||
| size_t | size, | ||
| size_t * | size_written | ||
| ) |
Set a string output.
The emitter will write the output characters to the output buffer of the size size. The emitter will set size_written to the number of written bytes. If the buffer is smaller than required, the emitter produces the YAML_WRITE_ERROR error.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
| [in] | output | An output buffer. |
| [in] | size | The buffer size. |
| [in] | size_written | The pointer to save the number of written bytes. |
| void yaml_emitter_set_output_file | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter, |
| FILE * | file | ||
| ) |
Set a file output.
file should be a file object open for writing. The application is responsible for closing the file.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
| [in] | file | An open file. |
| void yaml_emitter_set_output | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter, |
| yaml_write_handler_t * | handler, | ||
| void * | data | ||
| ) |
Set a generic output handler.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
| [in] | handler | A write handler. |
| [in] | data | Any application data for passing to the write handler. |
| void yaml_emitter_set_encoding | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter, |
| yaml_encoding_t | encoding | ||
| ) |
Set the output encoding.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
| [in] | encoding | The output encoding. |
| void yaml_emitter_set_canonical | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter, |
| int | canonical | ||
| ) |
Set if the output should be in the "canonical" format as in the YAML specification.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
| [in] | canonical | If the output is canonical. |
| void yaml_emitter_set_indent | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter, |
| int | indent | ||
| ) |
Set the indentation increment.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
| [in] | indent | The indentation increment (1 < . < 10). |
| void yaml_emitter_set_width | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter, |
| int | width | ||
| ) |
Set the preferred line width.
-1
means unlimited.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
| [in] | width | The preferred line width. |
| void yaml_emitter_set_unicode | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter, |
| int | unicode | ||
| ) |
Set if unescaped non-ASCII characters are allowed.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
| [in] | unicode | If unescaped Unicode characters are allowed. |
| void yaml_emitter_set_break | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter, |
| yaml_break_t | line_break | ||
| ) |
Set the preferred line break.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
| [in] | line_break | The preferred line break. |
| int yaml_emitter_emit | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter, |
| yaml_event_t * | event | ||
| ) |
Emit an event.
The event object may be generated using the yaml_parser_parse() function. The emitter takes the responsibility for the event object and destroys its content after it is emitted. The event object is destroyed even if the function fails.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
| [in,out] | event | An event object. |
1
if the function succeeded, 0
on error. | int yaml_emitter_open | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter | ) |
Start a YAML stream.
This function should be used before yaml_emitter_dump() is called.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
1
if the function succeeded, 0
on error. | int yaml_emitter_close | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter | ) |
Finish a YAML stream.
This function should be used after yaml_emitter_dump() is called.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
1
if the function succeeded, 0
on error. | int yaml_emitter_dump | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter, |
| yaml_document_t * | document | ||
| ) |
Emit a YAML document.
The documen object may be generated using the yaml_parser_load() function or the yaml_document_initialize() function. The emitter takes the responsibility for the document object and destroys its content after it is emitted. The document object is destroyed even if the function fails.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
| [in,out] | document | A document object. |
1
if the function succeeded, 0
on error. | int yaml_emitter_flush | ( | yaml_emitter_t * | emitter | ) |
Flush the accumulated characters to the output.
| [in,out] | emitter | An emitter object. |
1
if the function succeeded, 0
on error.


Direct Entropy Measurements in Mesoscopic Quantum Systems
Nik Hartman
https://nikhartman.github.io/ng_10-18
Northrop Grumman -- October 15th, 2018
Important People
Folk Group -- UBC:
Josh Folk
Mohammad Samani
Christian Olsen
Silvia Luescher
Manfra Group -- Purdue:
Mike Manfra
Saeed Fallahi
Geoffrey C. Gardner
measurement of thermodynamic entropy
Traditional entropy measurements reveal order and degeneracies in macroscopic systems (magnets, crystals, ...)
fermions with strong interactions
Identification of a (dipolar) Ising ferromagnet
Dysprosium ethyl sulfate $C_{6}H_{15}DyO_{12}S_{3}$
$Dy^{3+}$ ions form hexagonal lattice
Each $Dy^{3+}$ has J = 15/2 with 3 n.n.
Dipolar interactions between ions where $g_{\parallel}\neq0$ and $g_{\perp}=0$
Lowest energy states are $J_z = \pm9/2$ doublet
This is an Ising magnet!
$S(T\rightarrow0) = 0$ and $S(T>>T_C) = k_B N \ln{2}$
A.H. Cooke, D.T. Edmonds, C.B.P. Finn and W.P. Wolf, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) Ser. A 306, 313 (1968).
geometric frustration revealed through entropy
Ramirez, A. P., Hayashi, A., Cava, R. J., Siddharthan, R. & Shastry, B. S. Zero-point entropy in 'spin ice'. Nature 399, 333–334 (1999).
Resudual low temperature entropy matches water ice
Ising spins analogous to hydrogen bonds
What about measuring entropies near $k_B$?
Systems with strong interactions (superconductivity, spin-orbit, magnetism) or non-trivial bandstructure topology (TIs, Majorana modes, ...) can have single (quasi-)particle statistics distinct from fermions and bosons.
The magnetic moment and heat capacity of a single particle are too small to derive the entropy from susceptibility or calorimetry measurements.
looking for non-trivial single-particle statistics
Strong magnetic field quantizes transverse (Hall) resistance: $R_{Hall} = \nu \frac{h}{e^2}$
$\nu$ can be an integer (IQHE) or fraction (FQHE)
Both integer and fractional states identified by zero longitudinal resistance
Focus on what is happening at $\nu=5/2$
looking for non-trivial single-particle statistics
Moore-Read state: most popular theory to explain physics at $\nu = 5/2$
$\nu = 5/2$ is an inert $\nu = 2$ state plus a $\nu = 1/2$ composite fermion state
Composite fermions pair to form a spinless (p-wave) gapped state
Additional flux ($B^{*}\neq 0$) introduces vortices: Moore-Read quasiparticles
MR quasiparticles have non-Abelian statistics: $\hat{P} \lvert \psi(x_1, x_2) \rangle \neq e^{i\phi} \lvert \psi(x_2,x_1) \rangle$
Identifying Moore-Read quasiparticles
Fractional charge: $e/4$ (shot noise, charging energy)
Braiding two quasiparticles transforms ground state (interferometry)
Degenerate groundstate: $2^{N_{qp}/2 - 1}$ (entropy )
Measuring the entropy of the Moore-Read state
Low-temperature residual entropy of Moore-Read quasiparticles
$S = k_B \ln{2^{\frac{N_{qp}}{2} - 1}} \Rightarrow s_{MR} = \frac{1}{2} k_B n_{qp} \ln{2}$
where $n_{qp} = 4 \left| n - \frac{5}{2} \frac{eB}{h} \right|$
Measuring the entropy of the Moore-Read state
Maxwell relation: $\left(\frac{\partial \mu}{\partial T}\right)_{p,n}
= -\left(\frac{\partial s}{\partial n}\right)_{p,T}$
We know how to control/measure $\delta \mu$ and $\delta T$!
$\left(\frac{\partial s}{\partial n}\right)_{p,T}
\Rightarrow -\frac{\partial s}{\partial n_{qp}}\left(\frac{\partial n_{qp}}{\partial n}\right)_{p,T}
= \mp 2 k_B \ln{2}$
$\left(\frac{\partial \mu}{\partial T}\right)_{p,n}$ has a discontinuity at $B=\frac{2}{5} \frac{nh}{e}$
Samani, PhD Thesis (Folk lab), 2017
Measure $\delta \mu$ using an SET capacitively-coupled to
the 2DEG while oscillating $\delta T$ through Joule heater
SET Response (Samani, PhD Thesis, 2017)
SET Response (Samani, PhD Thesis, 2017)
Note: No SET response inside incompressible IQH states
Entropy Signal (Samani, PhD Thesis, 2017)
Samani, PhD Thesis, 2017 (cont)
Asymmetry of measured lineshape suggests $\delta S \neq 0$
No change in signal across $\nu = 5/2$ state
What happened?
how do things look locally ?
Successful identification of fractional charge
Experimental insight:
$\delta \mu$ measurement made by coupling SET to localized quasiparticle states
Measured $e^* = e/4$ in $5/2$ state (compare with 7/3)
Entropy measurements in localized states
Ben-Shach et al., PRL 110, 2013
Charging spectrum of single (quasi-)particle addition energies, $\mu_N$, in localized state
Coulomb blockade peak positions move with $T$ depending on $\Delta S$
$\left(\frac{\partial \mu}{\partial T}\right)_{p,N}
= -\left(\frac{\partial S}{\partial N}\right)_{p,T}
\Rightarrow \delta \mu_N = -(\Delta S_{N-1 \rightarrow N}) \delta T$
Measuring entropy of generic localized states
“[Local quasiparticle trap] spectra reflect the QP
statistics just as electronic dot spectra reflect the spin and
fermionic statistics of electrons ”
Ben-Shach et al.
Proposed for MR quasiparticles
Critera for other systems:
System has charged particles that can be localized in a potential well
Entropy depends on particle number
Simplest realization: electrons in a quantum dot (spin entropy)
spin entropy in a few-electron quantum dot
quantum dot -- filling levels
Signature of entropy: $\delta \mu_N = -(\Delta S_{N-1 \rightarrow N}) \delta T$
Detailed Balance
Measurement in terms of balancing tunnel rates and degeneracy
$
\begin{align}
\Gamma_{in} &= \Gamma_{N-1 \rightarrow N} \\
&= \Gamma \cdot d_{N} \cdot f(E_F - \mu_{N}, T) \\
\Gamma_{out} &= \Gamma_{N \rightarrow N-1} \\
&= \Gamma \cdot d_{N-1} \cdot [1-f(E_F - \mu_{N}, T)]
\end{align}
$
When $\Gamma_{in}=\Gamma_{out}$:
$
\frac{d_{N-1}}{d_N} = \frac{f(E_F - \mu_N, T)}{[1-f(E_F - \mu_{N}, T)]}
$
$ \ln{\frac{d_N}{d_{N-1}}} = \frac{(\mu_N-E_F)}{k_B T}$
Charge Sensor -- Response
At $V_{mid}$:
$\Gamma_{in} = \Gamma_{out}$
$P(N-1) = P(N)$
Two things happen when $T$ changes:
Transition width broadens
$V_{mid}$ shifts if $\Delta S_{N-1 \rightarrow N} \neq 0$
Charge Sensor -- Fit
$G_{sens}(V_p,T) \sim \tanh\left(\frac{\alpha (V_p - V_{mid}(T))}{2 k_B T}\right)$
full measurement setup
2DEG characterization (Manfra Lab)
Seeing Entropy Qualitatively in $\delta G_{sens}$
Quantitative Measurement
Oscillate $\delta T$ with AC Iheat
Measure $\delta G_{sens}$ with lock-in amplifier
$\delta G_{sens}(V_p, T) = \frac{dG_{sens}}{dT} \delta T$
$\delta G_{sens}(V_p, T) \sim -\delta T
\left[ \frac{\alpha(V_p - V_{mid}(T))}{2 k_B T} - \frac{1}{2}\color{#13DAEC}{\frac{\Delta S}{k_B}} \right]
\cosh^{-2}\left(\frac{\alpha(V_p - V_{mid}(T))}{2 k_B T}\right)$
Quantitative Measurement
$S_0 = 0$, $S_1 = k_B \ln{d_1}$
where $d_1=2$ is the degeneracy of the 1-electron state
Best fit:
$\frac{\Delta S_{01}}{k_B} = (1.02 \pm 0.03) \ln{2}$
$\Delta S$ independent of $\delta T$
temperature calibration data
single particle entropy!
why this worked
Fast $\delta T$ oscillations
Non-invasive charge sensing
Thermally broadened transition
$k_B \delta T < \Delta$
Not required
Exact $\delta T$
Gate voltage to energy conversion, $\alpha$
Is the measured parameter really entropy ?
spin-0 to spin-1/2 transitions with in-plane field
spin-0 to spin-1/2 transitions with in-plane field
spin-0 to spin-1/2 transitions with in-plane field
$S = k_B \sum_{-,+} p_{i}(B_\parallel, T) \ln{ p_{i}(B_\parallel,T) }$
with $p_{\pm}(B_\parallel, T) = (1+ e^{\mp \frac{g\mu_B B_{\parallel}}{k_B T}})^{-1}$
Tunable Degeneracy at 1$\rightarrow$2 transition
Tunable Degeneracy at 1$\rightarrow$2 transition
$S = k_B \sum_{-,+,\mathcal{S},\mathcal{T_+}} p_{i}(B_\parallel, T) \ln{ p_{i}(B_\parallel,T) }$
with $p_{\mathcal{S}/\mathcal{T_+}}(B_\parallel, T) = (1+ e^{\mp \frac{g\mu_B B_\parallel - \Delta_{ST}}{k_B T}})^{-1}$
What did we learn?
New technique for measuring entropy down to $k_B$ in particular types of solid state systems
Accuracy of measurement ~5%
Confirmed some well-established physics in a new way (spin-1/2 statistics, $k_B$, ...)
Most interesting new physics requires <50% accuracy
The electron temperature in our device(s) is >70mK?!
Kondo States in Quantum Dots
Unscreened spin-1/2: $S = k_B \ln{2}$
Coupling to single reservoir (1-channel Kondo):
$S = k_B \ln{2} \rightarrow 0$ as coupling increases
Non-trivial entanglement structure in 2-channel Kondo model.
$S = \frac{1}{2} k_B \ln{2}$ with two reservoirs strongly coupled
B. Alkurtass, ..., I. Affleck, ..., Physical Review B 93, 1 (2016).
1-channel kondo: original device
$k_B T >> h \Gamma$: $\delta G_{sens}(V_p, T) \sim -\delta T
\left[ \frac{\alpha(V_p - V_{mid}(T))}{2 k_B T} - \frac{1}{2}\color{#13DAEC}{\frac{\Delta S}{k_B}} \right]
\cosh^{-2}\left(\frac{\alpha(V_p - V_{mid}(T))}{2 k_B T}\right)$
$k_B T << h \Gamma$: $\delta G_{sens} \sim G_0 \frac{k_B \delta T}{h \Gamma} \color{#13DAEC}{\frac{\Delta S}{k_B}} \frac{1}{1+(\frac{\alpha e(V-V_0)}{h \Gamma})^2}$
1-channel kondo: new device
Few-electron dot (N~1)
$k_B T < \Delta^{sm} < E^{sm}_{C}$
Weakly coupled to open reservoir (right)
Strongly coupled to many-electron dot (left)
Many-electron dot (N>>1)
$\Delta^{big} < k_B T < E^{big}_{C}$
Electron spins free to flip due to small excited state splittings
Coupled only to few-electron dot
1-channel kondo: brand new data
More 1- and 2-channel Kondo device physics to come!
(correctly) Identifying Majorana bound states
F. Nichele, et al., PRL, 119, 2017
C-X Liu, et al., arXiv:1803.05423
(correctly) Identifying Majorana bound states
Each Majorana mode present at the tunnel junction contributes a degeneracy of $\sqrt{2}$
$\Delta S_{01} = \frac{1}{2}k_B \ln{2}$ for Majoranas
$\Delta S_{01} = k_B \ln{2}$ for ABS
S. Smirnov, Physical Review B 92, 1 (2015).
non-Abelian statistics in $\nu = 5/2$
Possible measurements:
Charging diagram ($\mu_N$ vs $T$) of localized state
Difficult to localize without destroying
Capacitance measurement of compressibility, $\kappa$
Bulk measurement
Small signal
Conclusions:
Developed a thermodynamic measurement of few-particle entropy
Measured entropy of a few-electron system to 5% accuracy
Confirmed results by investigating magnetic field behavior
Proposed extensions of this work in localized states with non-trivial statistics.

Pulse tube turning on can be clearly heard in this dataset
effect of pulse tube on noise spectrum
Current noise through SET on GaAs set to 2$M\Omega$.
effect of pulse tube on noise spectrum
Vary conductance to separate sample and measurement noise
effect of pulse tube on noise spectrum
Look for correlations between conductance and current noise
RMS noise across sample ~5$\mu$V over 20kHz bandwidth
Roughly half of this noise is due to pulse tube
Following these measurements lead shielding added to compressor parts
low pass filtering
Shielded graphene Hall bar with test filtering anchored to MC
RC filters are crucial for low electron temperature
thoughts on electron temperature
Eccosorb + RC filter should be sufficient
Additional RC filtering on gate lines
Radiation shielding and coupling to mixing chamber may be poor at magnet center
More massive cold finger at cost of magnetic field sweep rate
Smaller shield painted with radiation absorbing epoxy/silicon mix
High frequency noise may couple in through grounds
RC filter grounds create ground loop at high frequency, introducing current noise
Additional dissipative high frequency filters
Shielded FFC replaces loom
Ground reference to MC


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Analyst Releases Score Prediction For Ohio State-Penn State
by Chris RosvoglouThe best game slated for this weekend in college football will take place in Columbus. On Saturday, the Ohio State Buckeyes will host the Penn State Nittany Lions.
Penn State could boosts its stock in the College Football Playoff rankings with an upset victory. On the other hand, a loss to Ohio State would derail its chances of making the postseason.
Regardless of its opponent this season, Ohio State has been so dominant. The defense should receive a boost this Saturday as Chase Young is set to return from his two-game suspension.
Justin Fields could very well have his Heisman moment this weekend, as a statement win against the Nittany Lions would be quite impressive. Fortunately for the Buckeyes, one of the top college football analysts has them winning in convincing fashion.
Ralph D. Russo of the Associated Press has Ohio State winning 35-14 over Penn State.
That’s a pretty bold prediction from Russo, who made his picks for every marquee matchup in Week 13. It should be noted that Ohio State is actually favored by more than two touchdowns.
Kickoff for this game is at 12 p.m. ET from Ohio Stadium.
Will the Buckeyes keep their undefeated season alive, or will the Nittany Lions pull off the upset?


About
John was born in the blazing hot desert of Phoenix, AZ but was fortune enough to escape the heat at a young age and grew up in Cupertino, CA. John currently lives in San Francisco, CA and is aspiring to be a awesome software engineer. John likes to explore around with front-end, user experience, and ruby gems. When John is not coding he likes to go running around town, play with dogs, bike along the coast, or enjoy a book at a coffee shop.
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Interface: Alarm
interface Alarm<typedef precision_tag, typedef size_type>
An Alarm is a low-level interface intended for precise timing.
An Alarm is parameterised by its "precision" (milliseconds,
microseconds, etc), identified by a type. This prevents, e.g.,
unintentionally mixing components expecting milliseconds with those
expecting microseconds as those interfaces have a different type.
An Alarm's second parameter is its "width", i.e., the number of
bits used to represent time values. Width is indicated by including
the appropriate size integer type as an Alarm parameter.
See TEP102 for more details.
- Parameters:
-
precision_tag
- A type indicating the precision of this Alarm.
-
size_type
- An integer type representing time values for this Alarm.
- Author:
-
Cory Sharp<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Commands
command size_type getAlarm()
command size_type getNow()
command bool isRunning()
command void start(size_type dt)
command void startAt(size_type t0, size_type dt)
command void stop()
Events
event void fired()
Commands - Details
getAlarm
command size_type getAlarm()
- Returns:
-
Alarm time.
getNow
command size_type getNow()
- Returns:
-
Current time.
isRunning
command bool isRunning()
- Returns:
-
TRUE if the alarm is still running.
start
command void start(size_type dt)
- Parameters:
-
dt
- Time until the alarm fires.
startAt
command void startAt(size_type t0, size_type dt)
- Parameters:
-
t0
- Base time for alarm.
-
dt
- Alarm time as offset from t0.
stop
command void stop()
Events - Details
fired
event void fired()


Think about it. We live in a time where almost any purchase is just a click away – like a large battle robot, for example (seriously, look it up). The saddest part is that you’re more likely to get better customer service buying that robot than you are for a service that helps keep you alive and well. Knowing that, there’s really no logical reason why paying for healthcare needs to be as confusing, frustrating, and overwhelming as it is. That’s where we come in.
We founded Impact Health because we want to use data and personalization to bring more transparency to healthcare. We first used our algorithm to help our friend figure out why his costly employer insurance didn’t cover his medications or doctors. Our assessment determined that it was actually better for him to switch to a different plan that met his individual needs, saving him $9,000. No one should be surprised by their healthcare costs, and we’re committed to helping every person know exactly what they’re getting out of their healthcare plan.
CEO, Co-founder
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Content Writer
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Esther Dyson
Charles Hudson
Sean Ammirati


Musical Evening.
Indian Classical, bollywood & fusion.
Indian Classical by Shivalik, Jay and Abhik.  The trio strikes perfect balance of Jugalbandi of Tabla, Flute and Sitar and will take you through the enchanting notes of Karnataki and Hindusthani ragas fused in the mysterious curves of Loykari.
Creative fusion dance presentation from Kalamandir, NJ. “Distinguished Community Leader” NABC 2014 award winner Malabika Guha put her lifetime experience and prepared a “Puja-Special” story, for UTSOV only.
Catch Kushal Paul in a mesmerizing musical performance at UTSOV this year. Kushal is the Zee Sa Re Ga Ma Pa 2012-13 Champion and this is his debut stage performance at New Jersey.


Strain Analysis with the Talbot Method, Manual Data Input
The manual input is the same as for orientation data. Compressional structures are written with negative azimuths of dip. The input of azimuth of dip and angle of dip is separated by 'enter'. Input of a fabric element is terminated by ‚OK‚ or ‚Enter‚. The input is shown in the table on the right side. The button 'terminate input' activates the menus 'save data' and 'print'. The button 'plo' opens the plot form.


Do you want to complete round timing and submit the times?
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Procurement Logo
help_outline
This is an online portal where you can submit your queries. Our system hod will check a look at your request veryfy it an dthen gives you a good responce in
a very view minutes.Typically the procedures is straightbforward as follows:
- Fill in your respective details
- Ensure all the submited details are correct.
- Check on the number of items you want and type
- Submit your details.
The table given bellow allows you to interact with your requests. This will give you an opportunity to see and check which request you have
keep track of request performance and afterwards verify in the producst has been deleivered to your office. follows typical process as follows;
- You can view table data in the table.
- You can view single request in the table by clicking view button
- You can edit the requested data in the table
- You can Delete a requested item in the table.
Tender Name:
{{ tender.itemName }}
Category: ICT Assets
Posted On:date
Updated ON: date


checking event handler
this is paragraph one
this is paragraph one
this is paragraph one
this is paragraph one
this is paragraph one
this is paragraph one


--- categories: [] date: 2013-04-02T15:56:10Z status: publish tags: [] title: Gate layout: post url: /2013/04/02/928/ ---


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java.lang.Object java.lang.System
public final class System
System represents system-wide resources; things that represent the general environment. As such, all methods are static.
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
static PrintStream |
err
|
static PrintStream |
out
|
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
static void |
arraycopy(Object src,
int srcStart,
Object dest,
int destStart,
int len)
Copy one array onto another from src[srcStart] ... |
static long |
currentTimeMillis()
Get the current time, measured in the number of milliseconds from the beginning of Jan. |
static void |
exit(int status)
Terminate the Virtual Machine. |
static String |
getProperty(String key)
Get a single system property by name. |
static String |
getProperty(String key,
String def)
Get a single system property by name. |
static int |
identityHashCode(Object o)
Get a hash code computed by the VM for the Object. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
public static final PrintStream out
public static final PrintStream err
| Method Detail |
|---|
public static long currentTimeMillis()
Date
public static void arraycopy(Object src, int srcStart, Object dest, int destStart, int len)
src[srcStart]
...
src[srcStart+len-1]
to dest[destStart]
...
dest[destStart+len-1]
. First, the arguments are validated:
neither array may be null, they must be of compatible types, and the
start and length must fit within both arrays. Then the copying starts,
and proceeds through increasing slots. If src and dest are the same
array, this will appear to copy the data to a temporary location first.
An ArrayStoreException in the middle of copying will leave earlier
elements copied, but later elements unchanged.
src
- the array to copy elements fromsrcStart
- the starting position in srcdest
- the array to copy elements todestStart
- the starting position in destlen
- the number of elements to copy
NullPointerException
- if src or dest is null
ArrayStoreException
- if src or dest is not an array, if they are
not compatible array types, or if an incompatible runtime type
is stored in dest
IndexOutOfBoundsException
- if len is negative, or if the start or
end copy position in either array is out of boundspublic static int identityHashCode(Object o)
o
- the Object to get the hash code for
public static String getProperty(String key)
checkPropertyAccess(key)
.
key
- the name of the system property to get
java.lang.SecurityException
- if permission is denied
NullPointerException
- if key is null
IllegalArgumentException
- if key is ""public static String getProperty(String key, String def)
checkPropertyAccess(key)
.
key
- the name of the system property to getdef
- the default
java.lang.SecurityException
- if permission is denied
NullPointerException
- if key is null
IllegalArgumentException
- if key is ""public static void exit(int status)
Runtime.getRuntime().exit(status)
, and never returns.
Obviously, a security check is in order, checkExit
.
status
- the exit status; by convention non-zero is abnormal
java.lang.SecurityException
- if permission is deniedRuntime.exit(int)
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Syntax:
break &optional format-control &rest format-arguments => nil
Arguments and Values:
format-control---a format control. The default is implementation-dependent.
format-arguments---format arguments for the format-control.
Description:
break formats format-control and format-arguments and then goes directly into the debugger without allowing any possibility of interception by programmed error-handling facilities.
If the continue restart is used while in the debugger, break immediately returns nil without taking any unusual recovery action.
break binds *debugger-hook* to nil before attempting to enter the debugger.
Examples:
(break "You got here with arguments: ~:S." '(FOO 37 A)) >> BREAK: You got here with these arguments: FOO, 37, A. >> To continue, type :CONTINUE followed by an option number: >> 1: Return from BREAK. >> 2: Top level. >> Debug> :CONTINUE 1 >> Return from BREAK. => NIL
Side Effects:
The debugger is entered.
Affected By:
Exceptional Situations: None.
See Also:
Notes:
break is used as a way of inserting temporary debugging ``breakpoints'' in a program, not as a way of signaling errors. For this reason, break does not take the continue-format-control argument that cerror takes. This and the lack of any possibility of interception by condition handling are the only program-visible differences between break and cerror.
The user interface aspects of break and cerror are permitted to vary more widely, in order to accomodate the interface needs of the implementation. For example, it is permissible for a Lisp read-eval-print loop to be entered by break rather than the conventional debugger.
break could be defined by:
(defun break (&optional (format-control "Break") &rest format-arguments) (with-simple-restart (continue "Return from BREAK.") (let ((*debugger-hook* nil)) (invoke-debugger (make-condition 'simple-condition :format-control format-control :format-arguments format-arguments)))) nil)


cdemi's
23 March 2021 |
Architecture #SoftwareArchitecture #EnterpriseArchitecture |
Moving k8s communication to gRPC (blog.cloudflare.com) DNS gRPC Kubernetes HTTP2 QUIC |
| How we use gRPC in combination with Kubernetes to improve the performance and usability of internal APIs.... Read more |
.NET #dotNet |
OpenTelemetry .NET reaches v1.0 (devblogs.microsoft.com) |
| Learn a new standard for observability telemetry with OpenTelemetry .NET which was created by merging OpenTracing and OpenCensus.... Read more |
Debugging configuration values in ASP.NET Core (andrewlock.net) Configuration ASP.NET Core Source Code Dive |
| In this post I show how to use IConfigurationRoot.GetDebugView(), walk through its implementation, and describe how to expose the data as an API.... Read more |
Cloud |
Third Time’s the Cache, No More (blog.cloudflare.com) Cache CDN Speed & Reliability Performance |
| Up until now, we wouldn’t cache requests with query strings until we saw them three times. We trace that behavior back to 2010, examine why we might have needed it, and show ourselves why we don’t need it anymore.... Read more |
OpenShift #OKD |
Making Chaos Part of Kubernetes/OpenShift Performance and Scalability Tests (openshift.com) |
| How we leverage Kraken to ensure that the Kubernetes/OpenShift is reliable, performant and scalable by providing the ability to inject failures while being able to check on the recovery and monitoring the state and performance of the cluster/component.... Read more |
Security #InfoSec |
“Expert” hackers used 11 zerodays to infect Windows, iOS, and Android users (googleprojectzero.blogspot.com) |
| A team of advanced hackers exploited no fewer than 11 zeroday vulnerabilities in a nine-month campaign that used compromised websites to infect fully patched devices running Windows, iOS, and Android, a Google researcher said. Using novel exploitation and obfuscation techniques, a mastery of a wide range of vulnerability types, and a complex delivery infrastructure, the group exploited four zerodays in February 2020. The hackers’ ability to chain together multiple exploits that compromised fully patched Windows and Android devices led members of Google’s Project Zero and Threat Analysis Group to call the group “highly sophisticated.... Read more |
GitHub Capture the Flag results (github.blog) |
| Nearly 350 players from across the GitHub community participated in our 5th Capture the Flag, with 54 players solving the game in the allotted time frame.... Read more |
Open Source #OSS #FOSS |
What’s up with these new not-open source licenses? (github.blog) |
| Understanding the movement of ‘single source’ companies from ‘open source’ to ‘source available’ licenses.... Read more |
Agile #Scrum |
The Zombie Scrum Survival Guide (zombiescrum.org) |
| Start your recovery from Zombie Scrum today - even in the most rigid and traditional organizations. Are you experiencing Zombie Scrum too? Zombie Scrum is something that looks like Scrum from a distance, but is anything but on closer inspection. There is no working software after a Sprint, stakeholders are not involved, teams have little autonomy and nobody is trying to improve.  The Zombie Scrum Survival Guide is here to help. We - Christiaan Verwijs, Johannes Schartau and Barry Overeem - poured all our creativity, experience, strategies and insights into a single book that gives you what you need to start recovering today. Our book is richly illustrated by Thea Schukken.... Read more |
Business |
What do Good Managers do? (dianeabela.com) |
| Personal characteristics of a good manager include the ability to inspire, motivate, lead and understand the needs of employees.... Read more |
Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies #Blockchain #Crypto #Cryptocurrency |
Bitcoin Is Not a Stock (coindesk.com) |
| While you might be able to buy bitcoin and stocks on your favorite mobile trading app it's important to know they're not the same thing.... Read more |
Politics |
How I cut GTA Online loading times by 70% (nee.lv) |
| GTA Online. Infamous for its slow loading times. Having picked up the game again to finish some of the newer heists I was shocked (/s) to discover that it still loads just as slow as the day it was released 7 years ago. It was time. Time to get to the bottom of this.... Read more |
Humor #Funny |
How to Deal with Difficult People on Software Projects (howtodeal.dev) |
| Software is easy. People are hard.... Read more |
|
This newsletter is made with 💖 by cdemi and sponsored by moo Research. You can find this MIT Licensed open-source project on GitHub cdemi/NewsletterCurator. Generated with version <IP_ADDRESS>. You can also find an archive of all sent newsletters on GitHub at https://newsletters.cdemi.io/. If you want to unsubscribe from this newsletter, please click here. If you're new and you want to subscribe to this newsletter, please click here. |


move_stuff_to_back() Its faster to move all tertiary contact graphical elements to 'back' all at once. This is that final big call. All the relevant graphics handles need to have field 'layer_level', with 0 as front layer, 1 as next layer, etc. See also: SEND_TO_TOP_OF_BACK (layer 1), SEND_TO_MIDDLE_OF_BACK (layer 2), SEND_TO_BACK (layer 3) (C) R. Das, Stanford University, 2017, 2019
0001 function move_stuff_to_back() 0002 % move_stuff_to_back() 0003 % 0004 % Its faster to move all tertiary contact graphical elements to 'back' all at once. This 0005 % is that final big call. 0006 % 0007 % All the relevant graphics handles need to have field 'layer_level', with 0008 % 0 as front layer, 1 as next layer, etc. 0009 % 0010 % See also: SEND_TO_TOP_OF_BACK (layer 1), SEND_TO_MIDDLE_OF_BACK (layer 2), SEND_TO_BACK (layer 3) 0011 % 0012 % (C) R. Das, Stanford University, 2017, 2019 0013 0014 x = get( gca, 'Children' ); 0015 tic 0016 fprintf( 'Moving graphic elements to back... could take a while.\n' ); 0017 layer_level = zeros(1,length(x)); 0018 for i = 1:length(x) 0019 if isappdata( x(i), 'layer_level' ) 0020 layer_level(i) = getappdata(x(i),'layer_level'); 0021 elseif isappdata( x(i), 'send_to_back' ) % legacy 0022 layer_level(i) = 3; 0023 elseif isappdata( x(i), 'send_to_middle_of_back' ) % legacy 0024 layer_level(i) = 2; 0025 elseif isappdata( x(i), 'send_to_top_of_back' ) % legacy 0026 layer_level(i) = 1; 0027 else 0028 layer_level(i) = 0; 0029 end 0030 end 0031 [~,reorder] = sort( layer_level ); 0032 set( gca, 'Children', x( reorder ) ); 0033 toc


File Storage¶
This module contains functionality to read and write Pandas DataFrames from and to files.
-
mastersign.datascience.files.
read_parquet
(filename, columns=None, index=None)[source]¶ Read the content of a Parquet file into a Pandas DataFrame.
- Parameters
filename – A path to a Parquet file.
columns – A list of column names to load. (optional) If None is given, all columns from the file are read.
index – A column name or a list of column names, which should be used as the index for resulting DataFrame. (optional) By default, the index columns marked in the metadata of the file are used as index for the DataFrame. If no colums are marked as index, a simple incremental integer index is created.
- Returns
A Pandas DataFrame.
-
mastersign.datascience.files.
write_parquet
(data: pandas.core.frame.DataFrame, filename, compress=False, append=False)[source]¶ Write a Pandas DataFrame into a Parquet file.
- Parameters
data – A Pandas DataFrame.
filename – A path to the target Parquet file. If the file already exists and append is False, it is overwritten.
compress – A switch to activate GZIP compression. (optional)
append – A switch to append the DataFrame to the file, incase it already exists. (optional) The schema of the DataFrame must match the existing data in the file.


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| Packages that use org.apache.batik.gvt | |
|---|---|
| org.apache.batik.apps.svgbrowser | |
| org.apache.batik.bridge | Provides an API for mapping and maintaining consistency between the SVG DOM tree and the GVT tree. |
| org.apache.batik.bridge.svg12 | |
| org.apache.batik.extension.svg | |
| org.apache.batik.gvt | Contains all of the interfaces for describing and painting vector graphics as Java objects. |
| org.apache.batik.gvt.event | Provides interfaces and classes for dealing with different types of events fired by GVT graphics nodes. |
| org.apache.batik.gvt.filter | Contains all of the interfaces for describing a set of standard image processing filters Java objects. |
| org.apache.batik.gvt.flow | |
| org.apache.batik.gvt.font | |
| org.apache.batik.gvt.renderer | |
| org.apache.batik.gvt.svg12 | |
| org.apache.batik.gvt.text | |
| org.apache.batik.swing.gvt | |
| org.apache.batik.swing.svg | |
| org.apache.batik.transcoder | Contains all of the interfaces for transcoding an input stream or a document to a particular ouput format. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.apps.svgbrowser | |
|---|---|
| CanvasGraphicsNode
The graphics node container with a background color. |
|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
|
| GVTTreeWalker
GVTTreeWalker objects are used to navigate a GVT tree or subtree. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.bridge | |
|---|---|
| AbstractGraphicsNode
A partial implementation of the GraphicsNode interface. |
|
| CompositeGraphicsNode
A CompositeGraphicsNode is a graphics node that can contain graphics nodes. |
|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
|
| Marker
A Marker describes a GraphicsNode with a reference point that can be used to position the Marker at a particular location and a particular policy for rotating the marker when drawing it. |
|
| RootGraphicsNode
The top-level graphics node of the GVT tree. |
|
| ShapeNode
A graphics node that represents a shape. |
|
| ShapePainter
Renders the shape of a ShapeNode. |
|
| TextNode
A graphics node that represents text. |
|
| TextNode.Anchor
Defines where the text of a TextNode can be anchored relative to its location. |
|
| TextPainter
Renders the attributed character iterator of a TextNode. |
|
| UpdateTracker
This class tracks the changes on a GVT tree |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.bridge.svg12 | |
|---|---|
| CompositeGraphicsNode
A CompositeGraphicsNode is a graphics node that can contain graphics nodes. |
|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
|
| TextNode
A graphics node that represents text. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.extension.svg | |
|---|---|
| AbstractGraphicsNode
A partial implementation of the GraphicsNode interface. |
|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
|
| Selectable
Interface describing object that can be selected or have selections made on it. |
|
| ShapeNode
A graphics node that represents a shape. |
|
| TextNode
A graphics node that represents text. |
|
| TextPainter
Renders the attributed character iterator of a TextNode. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.gvt | |
|---|---|
| AbstractGraphicsNode
A partial implementation of the GraphicsNode interface. |
|
| CompositeGraphicsNode
A CompositeGraphicsNode is a graphics node that can contain graphics nodes. |
|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
|
| Marker
A Marker describes a GraphicsNode with a reference point that can be used to position the Marker at a particular location and a particular policy for rotating the marker when drawing it. |
|
| ProxyGraphicsNode
A graphics node which provides a placeholder for another graphics node. |
|
| RootGraphicsNode
The top-level graphics node of the GVT tree. |
|
| Selectable
Interface describing object that can be selected or have selections made on it. |
|
| ShapePainter
Renders the shape of a ShapeNode. |
|
| TextNode
A graphics node that represents text. |
|
| TextNode.Anchor
Defines where the text of a TextNode can be anchored relative to its location. |
|
| TextPainter
Renders the attributed character iterator of a TextNode. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.gvt.event | |
|---|---|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.gvt.filter | |
|---|---|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.gvt.flow | |
|---|---|
| AbstractGraphicsNode
A partial implementation of the GraphicsNode interface. |
|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
|
| Selectable
Interface describing object that can be selected or have selections made on it. |
|
| TextNode
A graphics node that represents text. |
|
| TextPainter
Renders the attributed character iterator of a TextNode. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.gvt.font | |
|---|---|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.gvt.renderer | |
|---|---|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
|
| TextNode
A graphics node that represents text. |
|
| TextNode.Anchor
Defines where the text of a TextNode can be anchored relative to its location. |
|
| TextPainter
Renders the attributed character iterator of a TextNode. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.gvt.svg12 | |
|---|---|
| AbstractGraphicsNode
A partial implementation of the GraphicsNode interface. |
|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.gvt.text | |
|---|---|
| Selector
Interface which allows selection of GraphicsNodes and their contents. |
|
| TextNode
A graphics node that represents text. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.swing.gvt | |
|---|---|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.swing.svg | |
|---|---|
| CanvasGraphicsNode
The graphics node container with a background color. |
|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
| Classes in org.apache.batik.gvt used by org.apache.batik.transcoder | |
|---|---|
| CanvasGraphicsNode
The graphics node container with a background color. |
|
| GraphicsNode
The base class for all graphics nodes. |
|
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Polio Occurrences
1980 - 2016
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I had an encounter with the mysterious substance known as 'White Rock Opium' the other day, and since I couldn't find any real information on the net about it here is my encounter.
I went over to my friend's place to smoke down with him, someone he knew had dropped off maybe a few grams of 'White Rock.' It was smoked out of a 'bubbler' glass pipe, mixed with some very good dried and crushed buds. Note: the marijuana buds arrived in vacuum sealed bags, still on the branch.
Physical Characteristics:
It looked like washed rock salt, most probably forming a crystal lattice structure. The sample consisted of several rocks, approx. 2cm for the length of the largest rocks, as well as several smaller chunks and/or flakes, and white powder. Visually it looked as if it may have been brittle, considering the inconsistency in the form of the chemical. The larger rocks appeared to be somewhat translucent and reflected light as you would expect from a clean piece of rock salt. The flaked and broken off pieces were more opaque, with the dust appearing almost completely white, especially as the sample became finer.
When heated the broken pieces of the chemical melted somewhat and fused to the glas side. When fused it appeared opaque white and flaky. Note that it was smoked with marijuana and the appearance may have been altered due to ash/resin/etc., although there was no noticeable taste of marijuana after it had been burned off.
The chemical did have an opium like taste, regarding mostly to its complexity. There appeared to be a 'sharp' taste on the tip and center of the tongue with a somewhat sweet on the sides in the back of the mouth, it was also somewhat bitter somewhat like a burning plastic.
The smoke was very fine when exhaled and the sample did not produce much smoke when burned. The sample had a fire red appearance as it was being lit and burned.
Effects:
Note: that the chemical was smoked with marijuana so the effects were not purely from the chemical.
Onset of effects were subtle and not instant, though relatively quick, much like the way marijuana hits me over a course of several minutes.
When full blown there was a distinct 'opiate like' feeling from the chemical, but this was mainly in the head. It was a sunny day and things did have that slight glow that I often get with opiates, and my senses did seem altered and heightened somewhat as with opium, although some of this could be attributed to the marijuana.
The real major difference was that the opiate effect that normally sets into the body was not present, rather the high was mostly in the head.
There did not appear to be any withdrawal symptoms from the drug, and being consistent with the absence of the visceral high I did not become constipated as I would have with a real opiate. (i.e. In my opinion the chemical's molecular structure of binding sites probably will not resemble opium, and if they do will probably have a low affinity for opiate receptors, if they even bind to opiate receptors at all.) Note: lack of withdrawal may have been due to the fact that I continued to smoke marijuana throughout the rest of the day.
Personal Note:
As an opium user I would not take this drug again, in my opinion I'd be more satisfied and better off smoking the real thing. Although I do not know if I recieved a proper dose to recieve the full effects of the chemical. Since the chemical is unknown it should be considered unsafe and I advise anyone who partakes in it to be careful, since an overdose would be hard to treat owing to the uncertainty of the chemical's composition.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


--- layout: post title: Glen Onoko Falls In Jim Thorpe, PA comments: true share: true category: personal images: - preview: https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5690/22312782713_380cf5455f_s.jpg feature: https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5690/22312782713_afd47c8216_h.jpg - preview: https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5645/22312781553_aa5752b612_s.jpg feature: https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5645/22312781553_5a263b7704_h.jpg - preview: https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5646/22541789889_4ddfa8ce72_s.jpg feature: https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5646/22541789889_449fbec1a0_h.jpg - preview: https://farm1.staticflickr.com/741/22920515892_781480f052_s.jpg feature: https://farm1.staticflickr.com/741/22920515892_fe7eecdb41_h.jpg - preview: https://farm1.staticflickr.com/690/22907948746_8328f567cf_s.jpg feature: https://farm1.staticflickr.com/690/22907948746_1d83a518fe_h.jpg - preview: https://farm1.staticflickr.com/572/22745917850_552af67976_s.jpg feature: https://farm1.staticflickr.com/572/22745917850_a67aa8d524_h.jpg - preview: https://farm1.staticflickr.com/748/22515563187_35b1af913a_s.jpg feature: https://farm1.staticflickr.com/748/22515563187_8a61f07bc6_h.jpg - preview: https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5642/22515562687_6dccb21125_s.jpg feature: https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5642/22515562687_4b357a1d7c_h.jpg - preview: https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5696/22515629258_990354c239_s.jpg feature: https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5696/22515629258_e9a6b91637_h.jpg song: https://embed.spotify.com/?uri=spotify%3Atrack%3A4VeQ05HWIFQ1gqhsB2dvdq excerpt:
We found out about Glen Onoko Falls in Lehigh Gorge State Park (Jim Thorpe, PA) while looking for a hike to do a few weekends ago.
---We found out about Glen Onoko Falls in Lehigh Gorge State Park (Jim Thorpe, PA) while looking for a hike to do a few weekends ago. This marks an important milestone - the first time we were looking for a hike to do for no reason other than we wanted to go for a hike.
The trail is only 2.1 miles but it's quite difficult and treacherous. There are many warning signs about the risks involved in the hike - I read a news article written in 2013 that named 9 or so people who have died on the trail. It's no joke.
The trail is a loop so when you first get to it, you can head one of two directions. If you head to the left, you will have a quicker trek to the falls. We decided to start off going to the right. My thought was that I'd rather do work early and be rewarded with the waterfalls at the end of the hike rather than seeing the highlights early on and then having a lot of walking with less payoff afterwards. While that line of thinking was accurate, I think if I do the trail again, I'll start to the left for reasons I'll elaborate on below.
Starting to the right, you will climb A LOT of stone steps up to the top of the mountain. The path is very easy to follow as the markings are very clear and it is kept very clear. You start to feel like you're never going to get to the top. At one point, Steph and I would take twenty steps up and need another break. It took a lot of energy! The views are worth it though. You can see a lot of forest and even all the way to Jim Thorpe, a really quaint town.
Once you can pry yourself away from the views over the valley, you walk for maybe half a mile through the woods. You end up at the top of the waterfalls! Since the water wasn't running very heavily, we were able to walk out onto the top of the rocks and look out over the falls. We didn't get too close because we're smart and safe, but there some people sitting with their feet over the edge and taking selfies with their backs turned. To each their own - I prefer not to tempt fate.
As we walked down the trail next to each of the waterfalls, there's about 10 total in the series, I began to realize why we should've taken the trail in the opposite direction. The trail is very steep and filled with loose rocks. It would've been a rough trek in either direction, but it is more difficult when you can't really use your hands to climb and gravity is working against you. Luckily, we had our hiking boots with their great grip and foot support, so we made it down injury-free. And there are so many spots to turn around and see each waterfall. It's really pretty.
The waterfalls were incredible. The view from the lookout point was astounding. The only downside is that there is a lot of graffiti on the rocks by the waterfalls and trash on the trail. It's very disrespectful and disappointing.
Overall - I really enjoyed this hike. It was nice to find a seemingly random hike that was both challenging and rewarding. I would definitely like to do it again sometime, probably taking the loop in the other direction.
The song I selected for this hike is Sunshine On My Back by The National. This band is absolutely amazing and this song reminds me of the trek up to the top of the mountain. The song matches the hike in that it feels like its driving towards an apex, but seems to never get there.


Prospective Student Preregistration
If you may be interesting in taking the course, and would like to receive an email notification when enrollments reopen for the next run, please subscribe to
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Neapolitan
8.3.3.b precedence for value element
No matter what flavor you choose in the Flavors select1 control the value "Neapolitan" must be
displayed in the Selected Flavor output control.
Flavors:
Vanilla
vanilla
Strawberry
strawberry
Chocolate
chocolate
Selected Flavor :


Muslim Board meeting begins, to decide on filing of Ayodhya review petiton
Soon after the verdict, AIMPLB had expressing dissatisfaction with it and said the board was considering seeking a review of the judgment.
by PTILucknow: The All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB) meeting is underway to deliberate on whether or not to seek a review of the Supreme Court’s verdict on the Ramjanmabhoomi-Babri Masjid title suit last week that paved the way for the construction of the Ram Temple in Ayodhya.
The parties met All India Muslim Personal Law Board general secretary Maulana Wali Rahmani and discussed the Ayodhya issue, Zafaryab Jilani, who is secretary of the board, said.
They said that the Supreme Court decision is "not understandable" and so there is a need to go for a review, Jilani said.
In a unanimous verdict last week, the Supreme Court cleared the way for the construction of a Ram temple at the disputed site in Ayodhya and directed the Centre to allot a five-acre plot to the Sunni Waqf Board for building a mosque.
Soon after the verdict, the AIMPLB had expressing dissatisfaction with it and said the board was considering seeking a review of the judgment.
Jilani said the AIMPLB will hold a meeting on Sunday to decide whether to go for a review of the top court's verdict.
He also said the Muslim parties were of the view that the five-acre land for a mosque in Ayodhya as proposed by the Supreme Court should not be taken.
Catch the latest news, live coverage and in-depth analyses from India and World. Follow us on Facebook and Twitter.


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The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- code/googleappengine-read-only/python/google/appengine/ext/remote_api/remote_api_pb.py


We are a small team of freelancer's working together to build innovative websites, that work for your business. Currently we are working from johannesburg, Florida serving our clients around South Africa. We strive to provide you with
world class
internet services.
As we take pride in using the most reliable Operating system LINUX UBUNTU has proven to be very stable in our Desktops and server side technologies. We are also dedicated in helping South African startup
companies. Are you a NGO or a school we help by deducting 20% of your payments from us.
We build and help promote your website and drive customers to your business. We are stratergists , our ways of doing things are quite unique. In simple terms we asses your business needs and bind them using technologies that we know it
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Our fisrt approuch is the technology to be used to build your website. Followed by a marketing plan and tooling. As a business you need better insights of your customer base, We'll help you by intergrating google anylitics on your
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We do not only develop your website we take care of it. Insuring that it runs smooth on every device. currentley we've been working on improving our infustructure to serve you with world class I.T services. We are proud to anounce that all our tech runs on top Linux Operating systems, from Desktop to Server side engineering.


Hi, My name is Ava. Your Artificial Virtual Assistant. Together we will CoCreate your business! Enter your name so I will know what to call my new boss...
Hi, First Name! Let's get started. Enter your business or organization's name. Don't worry if you are not sure, you can allways update it later.
Choose a domain for Organization Name, this will be the url where you can access your website and admin panel.
Great, First Name! Let’s choose an industry so I can begin to understand what we will be doing.
Awesome! Enter your email and password and we will get Organization Name off the ground!
Here we go! Lets confirm your email and access your new business!


By default, the background image will repeat itself if it is smaller than the element where it is specified, in this case the body element.


mostly based on
https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/
(flex container)
.container {
display: flex; /* or inline-flex */
}
.container {
flex-direction: row | row-reverse | column | column-reverse;
}
example
.container{
flex-wrap: nowrap | wrap | wrap-reverse;
}
example
.container{
flex-flow: <‘flex-direction’> || <‘flex-wrap’>
}
example
.container {
justify-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around;
}
example
.container {
align-items: flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch;
}
example
.container {
align-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around | stretch;
}
example
(flex items)
.item {
order: (integer);
}
example
.item {
flex-grow: (number); /* default 0 */
}
example
example2
.item {
flex-shrink: (number); /* default 1 */
}
.item {
flex-basis: | auto; /* default auto */
}
.item {
flex: none | [ <'flex-grow'> <'flex-shrink'>? || <'flex-basis'> ]
}
example
.item {
align-self: auto | flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch;
}
Note that float, clear and vertical-align have no effect on a flex item.
exampleSee the Pen Demo Flexbox 2 by Hugo Giraudel (@HugoGiraudel) on CodePen.
See the Pen JdJeYR by Anthony Meirlaen (@Toinne) on CodePen.
Flexbox layout is most appropriate to the components of an application, and small-scale layouts, while the Grid layout is intended for larger scale layouts.css-tricks


(Value proposition)
This part is about the value propositions within Piercy’s strategic pathway to be market-led, which started with market choices and ends with key relationships.
<!– more –>
A. Building the value proposition Marketing is a) marketing planning and decision making and b) a company wide market orientation. The value proposition is about building a product that is differentiated from other products with a company wide focus for unique value to the customer.
Piercy recognizes two different kinds of segmentation: - Explicit: by means of market research to understand behaviour and develop segmentation and positioning based on that knowledge. - Implicit: by ways of focus on a value proposition with targeting and segmentation being company wide issues.
The value proposition is made up of - Product and service attributes (functionality, quality, price, time) - Position (brand, intangible assets) - Customer segment (relationship)
Finding a value proposition: 1. What is our mission? A mission statement might include: philosophy, specifications of market domain, key values, and critical success factors. This should be the start of the company and possibly include the value proposition.
- Define your market and market segments (segmentation).
- Find an attractive market/segment. (Targeting)
- What are our (competitive) differentiating capabilities? This can come from three sources:
- Product or service itself
- Added-value services
Marketing intangibilities These normally come out of you core competencies and strategic position. E-commerce would be one for Amazon and the logistics involved are used to offer superior customer value. These have to be reviewed periodically as others might catch up.
Strategicly position yourself This can come from the value disciplines being operational excellence (Dell, FedEx, and MacDo), product leadership (Marks&Spencer, British Airways) and customer intimacy (IBM, Home Depot, and Four Seasons Hotels)
These are not mutually exclusive and it should be chosen based on whether competitors can easily imitate you and if your organisation’s capabilities match the activities needed.
- What are our marketing assets and brands? Davidson (1997) coined the term asset-based marketing which talks about all core competencies being included. “A core competency is the gold standard. It is a bundle of related skills, leading to a key consumer benefit, and completely unique." - Davidson, 1997 These would include:
- Customer relationships (loyalty and trust helps defend market share)
- channel power (market share, shelf space, e.g. ice cream sometimes owning the one freezer in a shop)
- Market information (understanding and faster response)
- reputation and brand (includes more than just the visible but also invisible key assets and competencies like service level, low-cost operation, strong supply chain, strong R&D, … known as the branding iceberg)
The importance of the brand is seen when you look at what influences the customer: - own experience - Reference groups (famous sponsor) - Belief of brand effectiveness - Feelings about brand appearance
There are three other things to take into account: - Service positioning (customers look at: reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness) - Key relationships (customers, competitors, collaborators, co-workers) - Translate strategy into account which includes performance indicators (e.g. balanced scorecard)


TypeMatch: Find your own most significant bit!
{% if matches == [] %}
It seems you don't have any mutual matches yet. Check back soon!
{% else %}
The kindred spirits who have matched you back!
{% for i in matches %}
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{{ i.name }}
{{ i.description }}
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{% endfor %}
{% endif %}


The following is a list of developers with commit privileges that have directly contributed to the project in one way or another.
| Name | ID | Organization | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dan North | tastapod | dan.north at thoughtworks.com | ThoughtWorks |
| Joe Walnes | joe | joe at thoughtworks.net | ThoughtWorks |
The following additional people have contributed to this project through the way of suggestions, code or just old-fashioned encouragement.
| Name |
|---|
| Lindsay Terhorst North |
| Nat Pryce |
| Aslak Hellesøy |
| Cyndi Mitchell |
| Colin Macandrew |
| Scott Crawford |


Hyundai to make Santa Cruz pickups at Alabama plant in US$410 million expansion
Hyundai Motor Co's manufacturing unit will start making the Santa Cruz pickup trucks at its Montgomery factory in 2021, following a US$410 million expansion at the Alabama plant.
REUTERS: Hyundai Motor Co's manufacturing unit will start making the Santa Cruz pickup trucks at its Montgomery factory in 2021, following a US$410 million expansion at the Alabama plant.
The expansion will add 200 new jobs and another 1,000 more people are expected to be employed by local suppliers and logistics companies, Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama said.
The factory, which began production in 2005, was the South Korean auto maker's first assembly and manufacturing plant in the United States and currently employs 2,900 full-time and 500 part-time employees.
Hyundai's Santa Cruz pickup, introduced as a concept vehicle four years ago, will join three other models currently made in the factory.
Montgomery Area Chamber of Commerce Chairman Willie Durham said Hyundai has invested over US$1.1 billion in the region over the last 18 months.
(Reporting by Shariq Khan in Bengaluru; Editing by Shounak Dasgupta)


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3. http://www.transhumanism.com/join.htm Register for membership (FREE) |
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It's very easy and guidable to add your project
Once you fill out all the fields and submit it, your project is published immediately
Now, everybody can see your project, enroll to it and help you through contribution
You can view the project results in no time even if it's still in progess
Contribute and have fun.
enjoy participation and compete with your friends to get higher rank , you will be rewarded
Get notified when your project is complete,
or a project you enrolled in.
Also suggestions to projects you may like or find useful,
or when a new project in your area is published.
We offer a variety of projects types based on location, surveys and photos
pick the most appropriate template for you and make awesome projects to get your data .
Back-end Developer
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What is it?
Flickr2GWToolset is a simple web application for editing metadata of Flickr images before uploading them to Wikimedia Commons via GWToolset.Some notes
- Flickr2GWToolset does not save or edit anything. It just outpus a XML file to a textarea.
- However, you *can* save XML to your computer and then feed it back and continue editing.
- You can fetch data from Flickr albums or photostreams.
- Flickr2GWToolset uses a Photograph template for Commons uploads.
- Can be run locally (just download source and open it in a browser)
- Source in github is not up to date!
Features
- Wikidata lookup for some fields
- Add depicted people and depicted places
- Add languages version for titles and descriptions
- Mass-editing tools:
- Replace&search
- Date manipulation for old photographs (remove hours, minutes and seconds or leave only year)
- Create commons file name by combining fields.
- Pick key-value pairs from fields
- Regular expressions for advanced matching
- Hand-select images from the set
Demo
You can find demo here. Sample XML to play with here (download, open in text editor, copy to the "Your XML" textarea in Flickr2GWToolset and press "Edit with...").
In order to fetch data from Flickr, you need a Flickr-API key
Source (is *NOT* up to date)
You can find source here: hhttps://github.com/artturimatias/flickr2gwtoolset
Contact
ari.hayrinen@gmail.com