PERLFAQ9
Section: Perl Programmers Reference Guide (1)Updated: 2009-08-15
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NAME
perlfaq9 - NetworkingDESCRIPTION
This section deals with questions related to networking, the internet, and a few on the web.What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
(Alan Flavell<EMAIL_ADDRESS>answers...)The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) specifies a software interface between a program (``CGI script'') and a web server (HTTPD). It is not specific to Perl, and has its own FAQs and tutorials, and usenet group, comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi
The CGI specification is outlined in an informational RFC: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875
Other relevant documentation listed in: http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
These Perl FAQs very selectively cover some CGI issues. However, Perl programmers are strongly advised to use the CGI.pm module, to take care of the details for them.
The similarity between CGI response headers (defined in the CGI specification) and HTTP response headers (defined in the HTTP specification, RFC2616) is intentional, but can sometimes be confusing.
The CGI specification defines two kinds of script: the ``Parsed Header'' script, and the ``Non Parsed Header'' (NPH) script. Check your server documentation to see what it supports. ``Parsed Header'' scripts are simpler in various respects. The CGI specification allows any of the usual newline representations in the CGI response (it's the server's job to create an accurate HTTP response based on it). So ``\n'' written in text mode is technically correct, and recommended. NPH scripts are more tricky: they must put out a complete and accurate set of HTTP transaction response headers; the HTTP specification calls for records to be terminated with carriage-return and line-feed, i.e ASCII \015\012 written in binary mode.
Using CGI.pm gives excellent platform independence, including EBCDIC systems. CGI.pm selects an appropriate newline representation ($CGI::CRLF) and sets binmode as appropriate.
My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error)
Several things could be wrong. You can go through the ``Troubleshooting Perl CGI scripts'' guide at
http://www.perl.org/troubleshooting_CGI.html
If, after that, you can demonstrate that you've read the FAQs and that your problem isn't something simple that can be easily answered, you'll probably receive a courteous and useful reply to your question if you post it on comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi (if it's something to do with HTTP or the CGI protocols). Questions that appear to be Perl questions but are really CGI ones that are posted to comp.lang.perl.misc are not so well received.
The useful FAQs, related documents, and troubleshooting guides are listed in the CGI Meta FAQ:
http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
Use the CGI::Carp module. It replaces "warn" and "die", plus the normal Carp modules "carp", "croak", and "confess" functions with more verbose and safer versions. It still sends them to the normal server error log.
use CGI::Carp; warn "This is a complaint"; die "But this one is serious";
The following use of CGI::Carp also redirects errors to a file of your choice, placed in a BEGIN block to catch compile-time warnings as well:
BEGIN { use CGI::Carp qw(carpout); open(LOG, ">>/var/local/cgi-logs/mycgi-log") or die "Unable to append to mycgi-log: $!\n"; carpout(*LOG); }
You can even arrange for fatal errors to go back to the client browser, which is nice for your own debugging, but might confuse the end user.
use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser); die "Bad error here";
Even if the error happens before you get the HTTP header out, the module will try to take care of this to avoid the dreaded server 500 errors. Normal warnings still go out to the server error log (or wherever you've sent them with "carpout") with the application name and date stamp prepended.
How do I remove HTML from a string?
The most correct way (albeit not the fastest) is to use HTML::Parser from CPAN. Another mostly correct way is to use HTML::FormatText which not only removes HTML but also attempts to do a little simple formatting of the resulting plain text.Many folks attempt a simple-minded regular expression approach, like "s/<.*?>//g", but that fails in many cases because the tags may continue over line breaks, they may contain quoted angle-brackets, or HTML comment may be present. Plus, folks forget to convert entities---like "<" for example.
Here's one ``simple-minded'' approach, that works for most files:
#!/usr/bin/perl -p0777 s/<(?:[^>'"]*|(['"]).*?\1)*>//gs
If you want a more complete solution, see the 3-stage striphtml program in http://www.cpan.org/authors/Tom_Christiansen/scripts/striphtml.gz .
Here are some tricky cases that you should think about when picking a solution:
 B">  B">   <# Just data #> <![INCLUDE CDATA [ >>>>>>>>>>>> ]]>
If HTML comments include other tags, those solutions would also break on text like this:

How do I extract URLs?
You can easily extract all sorts of URLs from HTML with "HTML::SimpleLinkExtor" which handles anchors, images, objects, frames, and many other tags that can contain a URL. If you need anything more complex, you can create your own subclass of "HTML::LinkExtor" or "HTML::Parser". You might even use "HTML::SimpleLinkExtor" as an example for something specifically suited to your needs.You can use URI::Find to extract URLs from an arbitrary text document.
Less complete solutions involving regular expressions can save you a lot of processing time if you know that the input is simple. One solution from Tom Christiansen runs 100 times faster than most module based approaches but only extracts URLs from anchors where the first attribute is HREF and there are no other attributes.
#!/usr/bin/perl -n00 # qxurl -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>print "$2\n" while m{ < \s* A \s+ HREF \s* = \s* (["']) (.*?) \1 \s* > }gsix;
How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine?
In this case, download means to use the file upload feature of HTML forms. You allow the web surfer to specify a file to send to your web server.  No matter what you call it, you do it with what's known as multipart/form-data encoding. The CGI.pm module (which comes with Perl as part of the Standard Library) supports this in the start_multipart_form() method, which isn't the same as the startform() method.See the section in the CGI.pm documentation on file uploads for code examples and details.
How do I make an HTML pop-up menu with Perl?
(contributed by brian d foy)The CGI.pm module (which comes with Perl) has functions to create the HTML form widgets. See the CGI.pm documentation for more examples.
use CGI qw/:standard/; print header, start_html('Favorite Animals'), start_form, "What's your favorite animal? ", popup_menu( -name => 'animal', -values => [ qw( Llama Alpaca Camel Ram ) ] ), submit, end_form, end_html;
How do I fetch an HTML file?
(contributed by brian d foy)Use the libwww-perl distribution. The "LWP::Simple" module can fetch web resources and give their content back to you as a string:
use LWP::Simple qw(get); my $html = get( "http://www.example.com/index.html" );
It can also store the resource directly in a file:
use LWP::Simple qw(getstore); getstore( "http://www.example.com/index.html", "foo.html" );
If you need to do something more complicated, you can use "LWP::UserAgent" module to create your own user-agent (e.g. browser) to get the job done. If you want to simulate an interactive web browser, you can use the "WWW::Mechanize" module.
How do I automate an HTML form submission?
If you are doing something complex, such as moving through many pages and forms or a web site, you can use "WWW::Mechanize". See its documentation for all the details.If you're submitting values using the GET method, create a URL and encode the form using the "query_form" method:
use LWP::Simple; use URI::URL; my $url = url('http://www.perl.com/cgi-bin/cpan_mod'); $url->query_form(module => 'DB_File', readme => 1); $content = get($url);
If you're using the POST method, create your own user agent and encode the content appropriately.
use HTTP::Request::Common qw(POST); use LWP::UserAgent; $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new(); my $req = POST 'http://www.perl.com/cgi-bin/cpan_mod', [ module => 'DB_File', readme => 1 ]; $content = $ua->request($req)->as_string;
How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
(contributed by brian d foy)Those "%" encodings handle reserved characters in URIs, as described in RFC 2396, Section 2. This encoding replaces the reserved character with the hexadecimal representation of the character's number from the US-ASCII table. For instance, a colon, ":", becomes %3A.
In CGI scripts, you don't have to worry about decoding URIs if you are using "CGI.pm". You shouldn't have to process the URI yourself, either on the way in or the way out.
If you have to encode a string yourself, remember that you should never try to encode an already-composed URI. You need to escape the components separately then put them together. To encode a string, you can use the the "URI::Escape" module. The "uri_escape" function returns the escaped string:
my $original = "Colon : Hash # Percent %"; my $escaped = uri_escape( $original ) print "$string\n"; # 'Colon%20%3A%20Hash%20%23%20Percent%20%25%20'
To decode the string, use the "uri_unescape" function:
my $unescaped = uri_unescape( $escaped ); print $unescaped; # back to original
If you wanted to do it yourself, you simply need to replace the reserved characters with their encodings. A global substitution is one way to do it:
# encode $string =~ s/([^^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'()])/ sprintf "%%%0x", ord $1 /eg; #decode $string =~ s/%([A-Fa-f\d]{2})/chr hex $1/eg;
How do I redirect to another page?
Specify the complete URL of the destination (even if it is on the same server). This is one of the two different kinds of CGI ``Location:'' responses which are defined in the CGI specification for a Parsed Headers script. The other kind (an absolute URLpath) is resolved internally to the server without any HTTP redirection. The CGI specifications do not allow relative URLs in either case.Use of CGI.pm is strongly recommended. This example shows redirection with a complete URL. This redirection is handled by the web browser.
use CGI qw/:standard/; my $url = 'http://www.cpan.org/'; print redirect($url);
This example shows a redirection with an absolute URLpath. This redirection is handled by the local web server.
my $url = '/CPAN/index.html'; print redirect($url);
But if coded directly, it could be as follows (the final ``\n'' is shown separately, for clarity), using either a complete URL or an absolute URLpath.
print "Location: $url\n"; # CGI response header print "\n"; # end of headers
How do I put a password on my web pages?
To enable authentication for your web server, you need to configure your web server. The configuration is different for different sorts of web servers---apache does it differently from iPlanet which does it differently from IIS. Check your web server documentation for the details for your particular server.How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
The HTTPD::UserAdmin and HTTPD::GroupAdmin modules provide a consistent OO interface to these files, regardless of how they're stored. Databases may be text, dbm, Berkeley DB or any database with a DBI compatible driver. HTTPD::UserAdmin supports files used by the ``Basic'' and ``Digest'' authentication schemes. Here's an example:
use HTTPD::UserAdmin (); HTTPD::UserAdmin ->new(DB => "/foo/.htpasswd") ->add($username => $password);
How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?
See the security references listed in the CGI Meta FAQ
http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
How do I parse a mail header?
For a quick-and-dirty solution, try this solution derived from ``split'' in perlfunc:
$/ = ''; $header = <MSG>; $header =~ s/\n\s+/ /g; # merge continuation lines %head = ( UNIX_FROM_LINE, split /^([-\w]+):\s*/m, $header );
That solution doesn't do well if, for example, you're trying to maintain all the Received lines. A more complete approach is to use the Mail::Header module from CPAN (part of the MailTools package).
How do I decode a CGI form?
(contributed by brian d foy)Use the CGI.pm module that comes with Perl. It's quick, it's easy, and it actually does quite a bit of work to ensure things happen correctly. It handles GET, POST, and HEAD requests, multipart forms, multivalued fields, query string and message body combinations, and many other things you probably don't want to think about.
It doesn't get much easier: the CGI module automatically parses the input and makes each value available through the "param()" function.
use CGI qw(:standard); my $total = param( 'price' ) + param( 'shipping' ); my @items = param( 'item' ); # multiple values, same field name
If you want an object-oriented approach, CGI.pm can do that too.
use CGI; my $cgi = CGI->new(); my $total = $cgi->param( 'price' ) + $cgi->param( 'shipping' ); my @items = $cgi->param( 'item' );
You might also try CGI::Minimal which is a lightweight version of the same thing. Other CGI::* modules on CPAN might work better for you, too.
Many people try to write their own decoder (or copy one from another program) and then run into one of the many ``gotchas'' of the task. It's much easier and less hassle to use CGI.pm.
How do I check a valid mail address?
(partly contributed by Aaron Sherman)This isn't as simple a question as it sounds. There are two parts:
a) How do I verify that an email address is correctly formatted?
b) How do I verify that an email address targets a valid recipient?
Without sending mail to the address and seeing whether there's a human on the other end to answer you, you cannot fully answer part b, but either the "Email::Valid" or the "RFC::RFC822::Address" module will do both part a and part b as far as you can in real-time.
If you want to just check part a to see that the address is valid according to the mail header standard with a simple regular expression, you can have problems, because there are deliverable addresses that aren't RFC-2822 (the latest mail header standard) compliant, and addresses that aren't deliverable which, are compliant. However, the following will match valid RFC-2822 addresses that do not have comments, folding whitespace, or any other obsolete or non-essential elements. This just matches the address itself:
my $atom = qr{[a-zA-Z0-9_!#\$\%&'*+/=?\^`{}~|\-]+}; my $dot_atom = qr{$atom(?:\.$atom)*}; my $quoted = qr{"(?:\\[^\r\n]|[^\\"])*"}; my $local = qr{(?:$dot_atom|$quoted)}; my $quotedpair = qr{\\[\x00-\x09\x0B-\x0c\x0e-\x7e]}; my $domain_lit = qr{\[(?:$quotedpair|[\x21-\x5a\x5e-\x7e])*\]}; my $domain = qr{(?:$dot_atom|$domain_lit)}; my $addr_spec = qr{$local\@$domain};
Just match an address against "/^${addr_spec}$/" to see if it follows the RFC2822 specification. However, because it is impossible to be sure that such a correctly formed address is actually the correct way to reach a particular person or even has a mailbox associated with it, you must be very careful about how you use this.
Our best advice for verifying a person's mail address is to have them enter their address twice, just as you normally do to change a password. This usually weeds out typos. If both versions match, send mail to that address with a personal message. If you get the message back and they've followed your directions, you can be reasonably assured that it's real.
A related strategy that's less open to forgery is to give them a PIN (personal ID number). Record the address and PIN (best that it be a random one) for later processing. In the mail you send, ask them to include the PIN in their reply. But if it bounces, or the message is included via a ``vacation'' script, it'll be there anyway. So it's best to ask them to mail back a slight alteration of the PIN, such as with the characters reversed, one added or subtracted to each digit, etc.
How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
The MIME-Base64 package (available from CPAN) handles this as well as the MIME/QP encoding. Decoding BASE64 becomes as simple as:
use MIME::Base64; $decoded = decode_base64($encoded);
The MIME-Tools package (available from CPAN) supports extraction with decoding of BASE64 encoded attachments and content directly from email messages.
If the string to decode is short (less than 84 bytes long) a more direct approach is to use the unpack() function's ``u'' format after minor transliterations:
tr#A-Za-z0-9+/##cd; # remove non-base64 chars tr#A-Za-z0-9+/# -_#; # convert to uuencoded format $len = pack("c", 32 + 0.75*length); # compute length byte print unpack("u", $len . $_); # uudecode and print
How do I return the user's mail address?
On systems that support getpwuid, the $< variable, and the Sys::Hostname module (which is part of the standard perl distribution), you can probably try using something like this:
use Sys::Hostname; $address = sprintf('%s@%s', scalar getpwuid($<), hostname);
Company policies on mail address can mean that this generates addresses that the company's mail system will not accept, so you should ask for users' mail addresses when this matters. Furthermore, not all systems on which Perl runs are so forthcoming with this information as is Unix.
The Mail::Util module from CPAN (part of the MailTools package) provides a mailaddress() function that tries to guess the mail address of the user. It makes a more intelligent guess than the code above, using information given when the module was installed, but it could still be incorrect. Again, the best way is often just to ask the user.
How do I send mail?
 EOF close(SENDMAIL) or warn "sendmail didn't close nicely";
The -oi option prevents sendmail from interpreting a line consisting of a single dot as ``end of message''. The -t option says to use the headers to decide who to send the message to, and -odq says to put the message into the queue. This last option means your message won't be immediately delivered, so leave it out if you want immediate delivery.
Alternate, less convenient approaches include calling mail (sometimes called mailx) directly or simply opening up port 25 have having an intimate conversation between just you and the remote SMTP daemon, probably sendmail.
Or you might be able use the CPAN module Mail::Mailer:
use Mail::Mailer; $mailer = Mail::Mailer->new(); $mailer->open({ From => $from_address, To => $to_address, Subject => $subject, }) or die "Can't open: $!\n"; print $mailer $body; $mailer->close();
The Mail::Internet module uses Net::SMTP which is less Unix-centric than Mail::Mailer, but less reliable. Avoid raw SMTP commands. There are many reasons to use a mail transport agent like sendmail. These include queuing, MX records, and security.
How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
This answer is extracted directly from the MIME::Lite documentation. Create a multipart message (i.e., one with attachments).
use MIME::Lite; ### Create a new multipart message: $msg = MIME::Lite->new( From<EMAIL_ADDRESS>To<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Cc<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Subject =>'A message with 2 parts...', Type =>'multipart/mixed' ); ### Add parts (each "attach" has same arguments as "new"): $msg->attach(Type =>'TEXT', Data =>"Here's the GIF file you wanted" ); $msg->attach(Type =>'image/gif', Path =>'aaa000123.gif', Filename =>'logo.gif' ); $text = $msg->as_string;
MIME::Lite also includes a method for sending these things.
$msg->send;
This defaults to using sendmail but can be customized to use SMTP via Net::SMTP.
How do I read mail?
While you could use the Mail::Folder module from CPAN (part of the MailFolder package) or the Mail::Internet module from CPAN (part of the MailTools package), often a module is overkill. Here's a mail sorter.
#!/usr/bin/perl my(@msgs, @sub); my $msgno = -1; $/ = ''; # paragraph reads while (<>) { if (/^From /m) { /^Subject:\s*(?:Re:\s*)*(.*)/mi; $sub[++$msgno] = lc($1) || ''; } $msgs[$msgno] .= $_; } for my $i (sort { $sub[$a] cmp $sub[$b] || $a <=> $b } (0 .. $#msgs)) { print $msgs[$i]; }
Or more succinctly,
#!/usr/bin/perl -n00 # bysub2 - awkish sort-by-subject BEGIN { $msgno = -1 } $sub[++$msgno] = (/^Subject:\s*(?:Re:\s*)*(.*)/mi)[0] if /^From/m; $msg[$msgno] .= $_; END { print @msg[ sort { $sub[$a] cmp $sub[$b] || $a <=> $b } (0 .. $#msg) ] }
How do I find out my hostname, domainname, or IP address?
gethostbyname, Socket, Net::Domain, Sys::Hostname" (contributed by brian d foy)The Net::Domain module, which is part of the standard distribution starting in perl5.7.3, can get you the fully qualified domain name (FQDN), the host name, or the domain name.
use Net::Domain qw(hostname hostfqdn hostdomain); my $host = hostfqdn();
The "Sys::Hostname" module, included in the standard distribution since perl5.6, can also get the hostname.
use Sys::Hostname; $host = hostname();
To get the IP address, you can use the "gethostbyname" built-in function to turn the name into a number. To turn that number into the dotted octet form (a.b.c.d) that most people expect, use the "inet_ntoa" function from the <Socket> module, which also comes with perl.
use Socket; my $address = inet_ntoa( scalar gethostbyname( $host || 'localhost' ) );
How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
Use the Net::NNTP or News::NNTPClient modules, both available from CPAN. This can make tasks like fetching the newsgroup list as simple as
perl -MNews::NNTPClient -e 'print News::NNTPClient->new->list("newsgroups")'
How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
LWP::Simple (available from CPAN) can fetch but not put. Net::FTP (also available from CPAN) is more complex but can put as well as fetch.How can I do RPC in Perl?
(Contributed by brian d foy)Use one of the RPC modules you can find on CPAN ( http://search.cpan.org/search?query=RPC&mode=all ).
REVISION
Revision: $Revision$Date: $Date$
See perlfaq for source control details and availability.
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 1997-2009 Tom Christiansen, Nathan Torkington, and other authors as noted. All rights reserved.This documentation is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
Irrespective of its distribution, all code examples in this file are hereby placed into the public domain. You are permitted and encouraged to use this code in your own programs for fun or for profit as you see fit. A simple comment in the code giving credit would be courteous but is not required.
Index
- NAME
- DESCRIPTION
-
- What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
- My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error)
- How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
- How do I remove HTML from a string?
- How do I extract URLs?
- How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine?
- How do I make an HTML pop-up menu with Perl?
- How do I fetch an HTML file?
- How do I automate an HTML form submission?
- How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
- How do I redirect to another page?
- How do I put a password on my web pages?
- How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
- How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?
- How do I parse a mail header?
- How do I decode a CGI form?
- How do I check a valid mail address?
- How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
- How do I return the user's mail address?
- How do I send mail?
- How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
- How do I read mail?
- How do I find out my hostname, domainname, or IP address?
- How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
- How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
- How can I do RPC in Perl?
- REVISION
- AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:08 GMT, December 24, 2015


The Koose Zonal Council is one of the four Zonal Councils of the Adentan Municipality. The main functions of the Zonal Council include the mobilization of revenue, implementation of policies at the local level and also mobilize community to participate in decision making. As part of activities to help the Zonal Council properly plan and implement activities for development, the Zonal Council was assisted to come out with an a four (4) years (2018-2021) Medium Term Development Plan which will guide the implementation of envisioned development projects and programmes in the zonal area.
The preparation of this Medium Term Zonal Plan is to further deepen the decentralization process by bringing governance to the door-steps of the people through involving them in the Planning Process which affects their own life. In view of these, a series of meetings were held with the Zonal Council members and other stakeholders in order to come up with this document. The participants were expected to lead and assist in identifying the problems/ needs, goals and objectives of their Zonal Council and to harmonize these into a Zonal Council plan, hence the making of the this document.
This document is a detailed plan enlisting the profile of the area in the first chapter, the problems and suggested solutions in the second chapter, the goals and strategies in the third chapter, the composite programmes of action in the fourth chapter and then the detailed projects and programmes for the various years in the last chapter.
It is hoped that Stakeholders and development partners will support the efforts of the people of Koose Zonal Area to bring development to the Zonal area and thereby improve the living conditions of the people of the Zone.


| Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach |
The files are as follows:
| Data Filename | Documentation | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ascii-robotdata1.log | ascii-robotdata1.txt | Range data for robot localization |
| data.zip | A zip file of this entire directory | |
| iris.csv | iris.txt | Machine learning data: different types of iris flowers |
| orings.csv | orings.txt | Machine learning data: O-rings on the space shuttle |
| restaurant.csv | Machine learning data: the restaurant example from the text | |
| spam.txt | Machine learning data: A collection of spam email | |
| wordlist | A list of English words | |
| zola.txt | English text: Emile Zola's Nana, through Chapter 12 | |
| zoo.csv | zoo.txt | Machine learning data: animals and their characteristics |
| AI: A Modern Approach by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig | Modified: Sep 30, 2003 |


|
libthai
0.1.28
|
Thai word segmentation. More...
Functions | |
| ThBrk * | th_brk_new (const char *dictpath) |
| Create a dictionary-based word breaker. More... | |
| void | th_brk_delete (ThBrk *brk) |
| Delete a word breaker. More... | |
| int | th_brk_find_breaks (ThBrk *brk, const thchar_t *s, int pos[], size_t pos_sz) |
| Find word break positions in Thai string. More... | |
| int | th_brk_insert_breaks (ThBrk *brk, const thchar_t *in, thchar_t *out, size_t out_sz, const char *delim) |
| Insert word delimitors in given string. More... | |
| int | th_brk (const thchar_t *s, int pos[], size_t pos_sz) |
| Find word break positions in Thai string. More... | |
| int | th_brk_line (const thchar_t *in, thchar_t *out, size_t out_sz, const char *delim) |
| Insert word delimitors in given string. More... | |
Thai word segmentation.
| int th_brk | ( | const thchar_t * | s, |
| int | pos[], | ||
| size_t | pos_sz | ||
| ) |
Find word break positions in Thai string.
| s | : the input string to be processed |
| pos | : array to keep breaking positions |
| pos_sz | : size of pos[] |
Finds word break positions in Thai string s and stores at most n breaking positions in pos[], from left to right. Uses the shared word breaker.
(This function is deprecated since version 0.1.25, in favor of th_brk_find_breaks(), which is more thread-safe.)
| void th_brk_delete | ( | ThBrk * | brk | ) |
Delete a word breaker.
| brk | : the word breaker |
Frees memory associated with the word breaker.
(Available since version 0.1.25, libthai.so.0.3.0)
| int th_brk_find_breaks | ( | ThBrk * | brk, |
| const thchar_t * | s, | ||
| int | pos[], | ||
| size_t | pos_sz | ||
| ) |
Find word break positions in Thai string.
| brk | : the word breaker |
| s | : the input string to be processed |
| pos | : array to keep breaking positions |
| pos_sz | : size of pos[] |
Finds word break positions in Thai string s and stores at most pos_sz breaking positions in pos[], from left to right.
(Available since version 0.1.25, libthai.so.0.3.0)
| int th_brk_insert_breaks | ( | ThBrk * | brk, |
| const thchar_t * | in, | ||
| thchar_t * | out, | ||
| size_t | out_sz, | ||
| const char * | delim | ||
| ) |
Insert word delimitors in given string.
| brk | : the word breaker |
| in | : the input string to be processed |
| out | : the output buffer |
| out_sz | : the size of out |
| delim | : the word delimitor to insert |
Analyzes the input string and store the string in output buffer with the given word delimitor inserted at every word boundary.
(Available since version 0.1.25, libthai.so.0.3.0)
Insert word delimitors in given string.
| in | : the input string to be processed |
| out | : the output buffer |
| out_sz | : the size of out |
| delim | : the word delimitor to insert |
Analyzes the input string and store the string in output buffer with the given word delimitor inserted at every word boundary. Uses the shared word breaker.
(This function is deprecated since version 0.1.25, in favor of th_brk_insert_breaks(), which is more thread-safe.)
| ThBrk* th_brk_new | ( | const char * | dictpath | ) |
Create a dictionary-based word breaker.
| dictpath | : the dictionary path, or NULL for default |
Loads the dictionary from the given file and returns the created word breaker. If dictpath is NULL, first searches in the directory given by the LIBTHAI_DICTDIR environment variable, then in the library installation directory. Returns NULL if the dictionary file is not found or cannot be loaded.
The returned ThBrk object should be destroyed after use using th_brk_delete().
 And the word breaker methods can then be safely called in parallel during its lifetime.
(Available since version 0.1.25, libthai.so.0.3.0)


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---
layout: post
title: Tresemme Hair Fall Control Shampoo
tags:
- Tresemme
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Tresemme Hair Fall Control Shampoo
I have been using Tresemme Hair Fall Control Shampoo for 5-6 months now and absolutely love it! Let us see why I love it so much!
Claims:
- TRESemme Hair Fall Defense Shampoo is specially formulated for Indian Hair
- Helps reinforce your hair strength and prevents hair fall due to breakage
- For longer and stronger hair
- Provides Advanced Technology for longer and stronger hair
- Suitable for all hair types
Price: Rs.64 for 100ml and Rs.128 for 225 ml
My Experience with Tresemme Hair Fall Control Shampoo:
I am in love with this shampoo. It makes hair really silky, soft, and shiny as well! Packaging is really professional and sturdy. It cleans the scalp properly but one turn off is that it dries out the hair and scalp and thus a good oil or conditioner is necessary. I am in love with it. I do not actually have much to say about it because it is a miracle product for me. I just wish the effect lasted longer. The soft and silky feel disappears in 1.5 days and thus you need to use this too often. A major turn off for me is that is contains Sulfates, and Dimethiconol. The product is affordable and the product slightly reduces hair fall due to breakage but does not help much with dandruff. In addition, if you are suffering from hair fall due to other reasons like environmental stress, genetics, etc., it will not help much.
Pros:
- Makes hair really shiny, soft and silky
- Does control hair fall due to breakage slightly
- Professional packaging
- Fragrance is mild
- Cleans the scalp and hair properly
- Affordable
- Available in 2 sizes
Cons:
- Contains SLS and Dimethiconol
- Dries out the hair and scalp
- Not meant for dandruff prone and dry hair
Final verdict I have finished the small bottle and half of the big bottle and I am bored with it. I want to try other variants of Trésemme and shampoos from other brands too! Therefore, I am not going to purchase this one anymore. However, I do recommend this to girls with oily scalp.
Rating - 4/5
Have you tried Tresemme Hair Fall Control Shampoo ?


This is an 'article' purely to test out markdown features.
General syntax overview can be found here: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax
Emphasis, with asterisks or underscores.
I'm an inline-style link. I'm an inline-style relative link.
Inline image: Yeah!
You can include inline code: x = 3
like that.
x = 'code'
y = 'block'
Example with highlighting:
1 2 3 4 |
|
Horizontal line.


Transformations 3D
Perspective RotateX
Perspective RotateY Hover
Perspective RotateZ Hover
Card Flip (hover in the middle)
front
back
3D Carousel
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{{extend 'layout.html'}} {{block moreincludes}} {{include '_sphinx_static_files.html'}} {{end}}
Your first answer
Your partner, , answered
Please explain your answer to your partner


LocusZoom.js Documentation
Quickstart
The README file provided with LocusZoom.js provides a quick introduction
and overview of how to get started.
Guides
Guides provide help with specific tasks, organized around frequently asked questions. These are intended to be used by
people who want to customize LocusZoom.js beyond the built-in layouts, with pointers to more exhaustive developer
documentation where needed.
Detailed Documentation
-
UMich PortalDev REST API docs -
Describes the field name and format conventions used by the UMich PortalDev API. This is the data format that
the builtin LocusZoom data adapters and layouts were originally designed to work with.
-
LocusZoom.js code internals - A (mostly) exhaustive list of all configuration options, events,
template rules, and available plugin features. Describes the meaning of each option in the nested layout object
syntax used to create and customize LocusZoom.js. We recommend starting with the built-in layouts and guides first,
to get a sense of how the pieces are connected.


{% extends 'template-lab-1b.html' %} {% set mainClasses = 'nhsuk-u-padding-top-0' %} {% block pageTitle %} Symptoms - NHS {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %}
Nail problems are not usually caused by anything serious. Common nail problems include brittle, loose nails that may change colour or shape.
It's normal for nails to:
Fingernails that fall off after an injury should grow back within 6 months. Toenails can take up to 18 months.
There are some things you can do to help with common nail problems.
wear rubber gloves if your hands are often in water or you regularly use cleaning products
clean your nails with a soft nailbrush
regularly apply hand cream to your nails and fingertips
regularly trim your nails (it may help to cut them after a shower or bath)
cut injured, loose nails back to where they are still attached, as this helps them to grow back normally
do not cut your nails down the edges, and only trim straight across the top to help avoid an ingrown toenail
do not clean under your nails with sharp objects
do not wear shoes that pinch your toes, especially when exercising
do not bite or pick your nails or the skin around them
do not ignore fungal infections on your skin, such as athlete's foot
Some GPs may be able to refer you to a footcare specalist (podiatrist). You can also pay to see a podiatrist privately.
Most nail problems are caused by:
Nail problems can sometimes be a symptom of a more serious or long-term condition, such as:
Some medicines can also cause nail problems. Check the side effects of any medicine you're taking.
Page last reviewed: 02 August 2019
Next review due: 02 August 2022


UBER Loses License to Operate in London
Rideshare company suffers major blow
by RTRide-hailing service Uber has lost its license to operate in the UK capital, after authorities have discovered that more than 14,000 trips were made with uninsured drivers.
Transport for London (TfL) announced the decision not to renew the firm’s license at the end of a two-month probationary extension granted in September.
It had identified a “pattern of failures” by Uber, including several breaches that placed passengers and their safety at risk.
The plot to surveil the Trump campaign went all the way to “the top” of the Obama administration, the president says.
“Despite addressing some of these issues, TfL does not have confidence that similar issues will not reoccur in the future, which has led it to conclude that the company is not fit and proper at this time,” it said.
The decision is a major blow for Uber in one of its largest markets but it does not mean its company cars will disappear from London immediately. The firm can still operate until all opportunities to appeal are exhausted. It can launch official proceedings within 21 days.
Jamie Heywood, Uber’s general manager for Northern & Eastern Europe, said the decision was “extraordinary and wrong.”
“We have fundamentally changed our business over the last two years and are setting the standard on safety. TfL found us to be a fit and proper operator just two months ago, and we continue to go above and beyond,” he said.
Heywood has promised that “on behalf of the 3.5 million riders and 45,000 licensed drivers who depend on Uber in London, we will continue to operate as normal and will do everything we can to work with TfL to resolve this situation.”
Mike Kemp/In Pictures via Getty Images Images
In September, TfL granted Uber a two-month extension to its licence with a number of conditions attached. The regulator said the company needed to address issues with checks on drivers, insurance, and safety. However, Uber has since failed to satisfy transport authorities.
The company says that a range of new safety features have been introduced to its app in the past two years. Earlier this month, Uber launched a system which automatically checks on the wellbeing of drivers and passengers when a journey is interrupted by a long stop.
It has also unveiled a discrimination reporting button on its app, and collaborated with the AA to produce a safety video to educate drivers on topics such as reading the road, speed, space management, and how to drop off and pick up passengers safely.
Organization pledges to “arrest and purge” corporate leaders who resist.
By the way, overhaul your body’s cellular engine with our fan-favorite DNA Force Plus!


A popular holiday destination on the west coast, Port Dickson is about 60 NM north of Melaka. It is famous for its beaches. This is a great place to stop while sailing the Malacca Straits and a convenient base to tour the wonderful city of Melaka.
For full details on clearance into and out of Malaysia see Malaysia Formalities.
Unfortunately the marina no longer has immigration and customs offices as it is now a requirement for all visitors to Malaysia to be fingerprinted. Visiting cruisers now need to take a taxi (or bus - runs every hour) into Port Dickson for clearance with Immigration, the Harbour Master and Customs. Cruisers report that the process is quick and straightforward and there are no fees.
The Marina is hoping to offer a service in the future to escort skippers to the official offices in Port Dickson.
Last updated May 2015.
The marina here is well sheltered from all weathers but the entrance is tricky to get into as the bay has a sand bank in the middle. To enter come in at right angles from the deep water channel (02º 28' 36N, 101º 49' 86E) to the end of the breakwater.
The marina should be contacted on VHF Ch14 before entry. If arriving after hours, berth at the fuel pontoon (pumps not working). Staff are reported to be friendly and professional.
Photo courtesy of SY Totem.
Last updated May 2015.


Things you should learn to do in class!
Classes can be really boring sometimes, I know! But, being a very active participant in a class can actually solve a lot of your problems. Like being in touch with the syllabus to having clear concepts during exams. So, if you follow these 8 things in your class then half your problems are solved!
1. Pay attention.
Paying attention in class is very essential. I know (I can see you rolling your eyes), it can get really boring at times. But, we have to keep in mind that if we pay attention to the explanation of the topic it will be easier for us to grasp the concept and make notes accordingly. Hence, keep your eyes open, listen, and concentrate.
2. Record
Record your classes on your phones. Trust me this can actually come in very handy if you are just not in the mood to listen or you just miss something in class. Recording your classes will help you keep up. So, don’t forget to record your classes next time.
3. Take down notes.
Basically, write down the important points stated by the teacher during their lecture. Including these points in the exam can earn you extra brownie points as you have also included certain points mentioned by the particular teacher in class.
4. Clear doubts.
Asking questions in class can seem bothersome for other students but can be really very helpful for the person who’s asking. Don’t ever shy away from asking questions in class. Clearing your doubts then and there can help you remember the lesson as well as the concept. Next time, don’t ponder upon what your friends will think!
5. Marking what’s important.
Marking the portions taught in class can actually save up a major amount of your time. Unnecessarily learning the bits which are not so important can interrupt in fruitful learning of the significant parts of any topic. Therefore, always keep a pencil or a highlighter with you while the teacher is teaching. And highlight whatever is important.
6. Keep your phone away.
Just during the class! Keeping away from the phone will keep you away from distractions. Don’t get tempted by that one text that you have to reply to. You can do that even after your class gets over. So, keep your phone on silent and concentrate on your class.
7. Bringing your study material to the class.
Not bringing your study material or that book which you’ll need in class can make you clueless. This can lead to you not knowing what is going on in the class.  Not having the same can actually let you not be able to follow the classes properly.
8. Lastly, stop daydreaming.
Don’t act innocent! We all are guilty of daydreaming in class and traveling a whole other world in our minds. But, this is not right. Daydream in your own time but not in class. Concentration is very important in lectures and this aspect will help you in the long run.
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My Team
Ivon
Manager
ID: 1
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Office number:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Julio
Engineer
ID: 2
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>GitHub:
https://github.com/jjf78
Julia
Engineer
ID: 7
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>GitHub:
https://github.com/jul89
lucy
Intern
ID: 4
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>School: Rice
Bety
Intern
ID: 11
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>School: UOFH


I4Addui Class
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Inheritance
Constructors & Destructor
public
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()
Member Functions
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void
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(
Registers
& regs,
Memory
& mem,
byte
x,
byte
y,
byte
z)
public
override
nothrow
bool
IsZReg
()
const
Constructor& Destructor Details
I4Addui Constructor
public
nothrow
I4Addui()
Definition
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Member Function Details
Execute Member Function
public
override
void
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y,
byte
z)
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Definition
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-Going in search for Schrodinger's Cat.
There are three element in any box in the 'real' world, we have an outside, we have the box itself and then we have inside the box. If we were to translate this real world concept into a two dimensional space (a flat bit of paper) we would end up with simply a picture of a rectancular shap in a vastness of white. You will however notice that the three concepts of "box" "inside box" and "outside box have remained intact.
This model relates exactly to the concepts of "margin" "border" and "padding" for css positioning. A margin is the transperant area around the outside of the box where manipulation of the box can occur by pushing the box away from the sides of the window by growing it's border.
The box itself is called the border, what an apt desription for a desination between inside and out! This is the objects true size if you like, and
Now padding... Let's imagin that you have some very prescious cargo for your box, how does one stop those fragiles from getting broken? That's right padding - this is the layer inside the boarder whichcan do neat things like moving the content into the middle away from the sides of the box/container
How do you do it?
Well in code it looks a little like this:
catbox {margin: 20px border: 2px solid black padding; 5px}
-Which will produce a nice comfy layer of 2px around the content, padding. The border will be clearly defined by a 2px solid black line and there will be the ability to place this object a transperant 20px away from the edges of the screen.


Chia-Kai (Kai) Yeh
I obtained my PhD in Computer Science from Computational Photography Lab at Northwestern University , advised by Prof. Oliver Cossairt. I work on portable 3D Modeling and Appearance Acquisition system. I am now a Research Engineer at 8i Inc., working on volumetric video capturing.
Before 8i, I was the applied science lead at M^3, a tech startup empowering 3D modeling and understanding for social good. At M^3, I led the team to push the CV/CG research and development effort with 3D reconstruction with depth sensor or single RGB image and automatic 3D deformation algorithm for custom-fitted respirator design. Also, I led the team to develop a 3D selfie facial sizer. This is a 3D facial measurement technology that used only single RGB image with ML to measure true spatial dimentions with 1cm of margin of error.
I received my Bachelor’s degree at Electronics Engineering from Chang Gung University in Taiwan. Before attending Northwestern University, I worked as a camera designed engineer at 3D Aperture Technologies, an advanced camera module development company based in Taiwan. I participated in the projects that worked with clients such as Google ATAP and Amazon Lab126 on advance array camera module development(from evaluating and designing the optical mechanical system, camera sensor porting on embedded and Android platform to camera calibration procedure and image quality evaluation) and manufacturing. Also, I led the team designed and built tailor-made camera modules and entire multi-view capture system for the human body scanning studio to perform very high resolution of human body 3D mesh.
In 2016, I spent my summer as the visiting researcher in Graphics Labs at University of Southern California Institution of Creative Technologies with Dr. Andrew Jones and Prof. Paul Debevec to work on markerless performance capture and appearance modeling of humans.
In 2018 summer, I worked at Adobe Research as a Research Intern with Dr. Sunil Hadap and Dr. Duygu Ceylan for facial geometry and appearance modeling. Within the project, me and the team built up an icosahedron multi-view capture light dome for photorealistic human facial geometry and appearance modeling. We had took our project to showcase at 2019 Adobe Tech summit at San Francisco which we had captured nearly 500 faces on scene to create a high quality 3D human facial dataset.
Email /
GitHub /
LinkedIn /
CV
|


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