**Starship Troopers** Reviewed by Jeff Walters
There was alot of Aliens Resurrection vs Starhip Troopers talk last year and both were tagged as movies to watch at the Box Office. It came as a fairly big surprise when both movies fizzled and died on release. Dissappointment aside, which movie emerged on top? Well, in my opinion - it's Starship Troopers.
Alien's Resurrection was the movie I was waiting for in 1997 and I had very high hopes for it. Dissappointment was sadly the end result. Besides one or two nice action scenes (the underwater sequence was brilliant) the movie just really failed to make any real impact. Quickly souring on bug-theme movies I wasn't really looking forward to Starship Troopers and walked into it with my sights set low. This movie is no masterpeice of cinema - that is for sure.
One thing you can't do with this movie, is take it seriously - no sir. First time I saw it I was half-expecting a serious film and didn't enjoy it as much - but the second time I saw it I knew what to expect - and man was this film better the second time around. The key is to accept that the movie in no way takes itself seriously - so you must do the same. The cast appears to be handpicked from Aaron Spelling's stables.  ('Duh yeah, let's park our ships here where they can be shot out of the sky like last time or better yet - let's walk down through this narrow canyon where falling rocks betray the presence of bugs up high...no wait...I've got an idea - then let's send a guy up out of the canyon to be hacked to death!'). Smart this movie ain't.
With all this sarcasm and cheap jibes at the movie you're likely wondering why I gave this movie 3 1/2 out of 5 stars? Well, to put it simply - this movie is fuuuun. The special FX are simply awe inspiring. The bugs are the best CG creatures you'll see in a movie. Forget the Jurassic Park dinos or Alien 4 cockroaches - these bugs look incredibly real...and more then slightly frightening. They are quick deadly and very difficult to kill. There are also many different types of bugs. My favourite is the big bettle-like bug that spits something resembling napalm at it's enemies - very nice. The scenes involving the massive starships are also beautifully rendered, though it would have been nice if these ships saw some kind of action besides getting shot down by planet-launched balls of 'bug-plasma'.
Ok...onto the characters. Casper Van Dien (Johnny Rico) is likable enough in the lead role, but no-one would accuse him of depth or his character of intellect. Dina Meyer (Dizzy Flores) is actually pretty good as one of the two female leads, her character has much more life to her than most of her co-stars. The pick of the cast are Michael Ironside as the no nonsense teacher turned combat leader, Rasczak, and Clancy Brown as the incredibly tough and likely certifably insane Sergeant Zim. He is the real scene-stealer of the movie and his somewhat unorthodox methods for getting messages across to his troops is hilarious if twisted (He turns the word 'MEDIC!' into the ultimate one-liner). Ace Levy (played by Jake Busey, who is a dead-ringer for relative Gary Busey) also provides some good comic relief through the training section of the movie.
The weak links of the cast? Two big ones. Denise Richard's Carmen Ibanez has gotta be one of the dullest characters you'll see. Talk about a barbie doll. She has zero one liners, no character and a smile that seems to have been surgically fixed in place.  Never seen this actress before. No wonder why. The other big mis-cast is Neil Patrick Harris as the geeky psychic, Carl. Why did someone have to dig up Doogie Howser? I thought we were finally rid of the runt.
The action scenes involving the troopers are very thrilling indeed. Especially when Rico does his rodeo act on the back of one of the bettle-bugs or when the small squad of troopers try to hold the Fort against staggering odds. It takes quite a while to reach the cool action seqeunces though, about 50 minutes of training and scenes back on earth. Though you start itching for the action, the lead up parts are still entertaining in their own way. The hilarious 'propaganda' commercials spaced through out the film keeps the audience's attention.
 After a short 'rescue the girl' sequence the movie ends abruptly leaving the audience fairly unsatisfied. Though the movie is long enough as is I would have happily sat there for an extra 15 or so minutes if it meant a more involved and thrilling ending.
All up - I really enjoyed this movie. It is a very violent movie, but it is delivered in such a way so that it is never disturbingly so. As long as you don't try to take this movie seriously - you should enjoy it as well. There is talk of a sequel already and I certainly hope it eventuates as there are many loose ends left to be tied up.
3.5 out of 5 stars
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Asia’s community of data scientists empowering Emerging Markets to solve their data challenges.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Text Classification Challenge
$1,000 USD
Sample: 1000 statements
Features in the data can be grouped into 5 categories:
- Client Fees – includes information of the clients monthly cost and generated revenue
- Device Usage
- Device Specifications
- Demographic Information
- Genre – captured impressions for categories
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Daniel Dadush, Sophie Huiberts (CWI),
and Bento Natura (LSE)
Aussois, 9 Jan 2020
Linear Programming
In standard form for $$A \in \mathbb{Q}^{m \times n}$$, $$b\in \mathbb{Q}^m$$, $$c\in \mathbb{Q}^n$$,
$$$
\begin{aligned}
\min \; &c^\top x & \max \; & y^\top b \\
Ax& =b & \qquad A^\top y + s &= c \\
x &\geq 0 & s & \geq 0 \\
\end{aligned}
$$$
Timeline
Strongly polynomial algorithm for LP
Smale's 9th question
Interior point methods
Karmarkar
Ellipsoid Method
Khachiyan
Simplex Method
Dantzig
Origins
Fourier
Weakly vs Strongly Polynomial Algorithms for LP
LP with $$n$$ variables, $$m$$ constraints
$$L$$: encoding length of the input.
Ellipsoid, interior point methods: running time bound heavily relies on $$L$$.
Strongly Polynomial Algorithms for LP
Dependence on the constraint matrix only
$$$\min c^\top x,\, Ax=b,\, x\ge 0$$$
Running time dependent only on constraint matrix $$A$$, but not on $$b$$ and $$c$$.
Scale invariance
$$$
\begin{aligned}
\min \; &c^\top x & \max \; & y^\top b \\
Ax& =b & \qquad A^\top y + s &= c \\
x &\geq 0 & s & \geq 0 \\
\end{aligned}
$$$
$$A\in \R^{m\times n}$$. Let $$\mathbf{D}$$ denote the set of $$n\times n$$ positive diagonal matrices.
Since $$\bar\chi_A$$ only depends on
$$\ker(A)$$, we have $$\bar\chi_A=\bar\chi_{RA}$$ for any nonsingular $$R\in\R^{m\times m}$$.
However, we may have $$\bar\chi_A\neq \bar\chi_{AD}$$ for $$D\in\mathbf{D}$$.
Diagonal rescaling (scaling) of the problem: Replace $$A'=AD$$, $$c'=Dc$$, $$b'=b$$ in the LP for $$D\in \mathbf{D}$$.
Vavasis–Ye (VY): $$O(n^{3.5} \log\bar\chi_A)$$ linear system solves.
A scaling invariant version of VY would automatically give
$$O(n^{3.5} \log\bar\chi_A^*)$$.
The (scaling invariant) Mizuno–Todd–Ye Predictor-Corrector algorithm finds an $$\epsilon$$-approximate solution in time
$$O(n^{3.5}\log\bar\chi_A^* + n^2\log\log(1/\varepsilon))$$: Monteiro–Tsuchiya '05.
$$O(n^{3.5}\log\bar\chi_A^*)$$ iterations scaling invariant algorithm, but each iteration depends on the bit-complexity $$b$$ and $$c$$: Lan–Monteiro–Tsuchiya '09.
Our contributions
Dadush–Huiberts–Natura–V. '19+
Limitation
[Allamigeon–Benchimol–Gaubert–Joswig '18]
No path following interior point method can be strongly polynomial.
Proof using tropical geometry: studies the tropical limit of a family of parametrized linear programs.
A crash course in Interior Point Methods
Complementary Slackness
$$$
\begin{aligned}
\min \; &c^\top x & \max \; & y^\top b \\
Ax& =b & \qquad A^\top y + s &= c \\
x &\geq 0 & s & \geq 0 \\
\end{aligned}
$$$
A feasible primal dual pair $$(x,s) \geq 0$$ is optimal if and only if $$x^\top s = 0$$, i.e. $$x_i = 0$$ or $$s_i = 0$$ for all $$i \in [n]$$.
Weak duality
$$$ c^\top x = (y^\top A + s^\top)x = y^\top b + \textcolor{red}{s^\top x} \geq y^\top b.$$$
The central path
For each $$\mu>0$$, there exists a unique solution $$w(\mu)=(x(\mu),y(\mu),s(\mu))$$ such that
$$$x(\mu)_i s(\mu)_i=\mu\quad \forall i\in [n]$$$
This is called the central path element for $$\mu$$.
The central path is the algebraic curve formed by
$$$\{w(\mu): \mu>0\}$$$
For $$\mu\to 0$$, the central path converges to an optimal solution
$$w^*=(x^*,y^*,\mu^*)$$
The Mizuno-Todd-Ye Predictor Corrector algorithm
Start from point
$$w^0=(x^0,y^0,s^0)$$
'near' the central path at some $$\mu^0>0$$.
Alternate between two types of Newton steps.
Predictor steps: 'shoot down' the central path, decreasing $$\mu$$ by a factor at least $$1- \beta/\sqrt{n}$$.
Move slightly 'farther' from the central path.
Corrector steps: do not change parameter $$\mu$$, but move back 'closer' to the central path.
Within $$O(\sqrt n)$$ iteration, $$\mu$$ decreases at least by a factor 2.
Predictor Netwon step
We obtain the step direction $$\Delta w=(\Delta x,\Delta y,\Delta s)$$ as solutions to
$$$\min\, \sum_{i=1}^n\left(\frac{x_i+\Delta x_i}{x_i}\right)^2 \quad
\text{s.t. } A\Delta x = 0
$$$
and
$$$ \min\, \sum_{i=1}^n\left(\frac{s_i+\Delta s_i}{s_i}\right)^2 \quad
\text{s.t. } A^\top \Delta y + \Delta s = 0
$$$
Next iterate is obtained as
$$$w'=w+\alpha \Delta w = (x+\alpha\Delta x,y+\alpha \Delta y, s+\alpha\Delta s)$$$
for some $$\alpha\in [0,1]$$.
$$\alpha=1$$ would terminate with an optimal solution.
Changes of $$x_i$$ and $$s_i$$ variables in the MTY Predictor-Corrector algorithm
Recent weakly polynomial IPM successess
$$$\min c^\top x,\, Ax=b,\, x\ge 0$$$
Randomized $$\tilde{O}(\sqrt{m}(\mathrm{nnz}(A) + m^2)L)$$ algorithm, where $$\mathrm{nnz}$$ is the number of non-zeros: Lee–Sidford '14-15
Randomized algorithm in 'current' matrix multiplication time $$\tilde{O}(n^\omega L)$$, $$\omega \approx 2.37$$: Cohen–Lee–Song '18
Deterministic algorithm with same runtime: van den Brand '20
For special problems:
$$\tilde{O}(m^{3/2} \log^2(U/\epsilon))$$ algorithm for an additive $$\epsilon$$ approximation for lossy generalized flow problems: Daitch–Spielman '08
$$\mathcal{O}(m^{10/7})$$ algorithm for max $$s$$-$$t$$ flow and min $$s$$-$$t$$ cut problems in directed graphs with unit capacities: Mądry '13
The mysterious $$\bar\chi_A$$
through a matroidal lens
The condition number $$\bar\chi_A$$
$$$
\bar\chi_A:=\sup\left\{\|A^\top \left(A D A^\top\right)^{-1}AD\|\, : D\in
{\mathbf D}\right\}
$$$
Introduced by Dikin '67, Stewart '89, Todd '90, ...
A convenient characterization
For $$W=\ker(A)$$. Recall that $$\bar\chi_A$$ only depends on the subspace $$W$$.
Define the lifting map
$$L_I^W : \mathrm{proj}_I(W) \to W$$ by
$$$
L_I^W(v) := \argmin\left\{\|w\| : w_I = v, w \in W\right\}.
$$$
$$$
\bar\chi_A=\sup\left\{\|A^\top \left(A D A^\top\right)^{-1}AD\|\, : D\in
{\mathbf D}\right\}
$$$
We also use $$\bar \chi_W=\bar\chi_A$$ for the subspace $$W=\ker(A)$$.
The following hold:
If the entries of $$A$$ are all integers, then $$\bar\chi_A$$ is bounded by $$2^{O(L_A)}$$,
where $$L_A$$ is the input bit length of $$A$$.
$$$\bar\chi_A = \max\left\{ \|B^{-1} A\| : B \text{ non-singular } m \times m \text{ submatrix of } A\right\}.$$$
$$$\bar\chi_W=\bar\chi_{W^\perp}.$$$
Application:
Final rounding step in standard IPMs
$$$
\begin{aligned}
\min \; &c^\top x & \max \; & y^\top b \\
Ax& =b & \qquad A^\top y + s &= c \\
x &\geq 0 & s & \geq 0 \\
\end{aligned}
$$$
There exists a partition $$[n]=B^*\cup N^*$$ and optimal $$(x^*,y^*,s^*)$$ such that $$B^*=\mathrm{supp}(x^*),\, N^*=\mathrm{supp}(s^*)$$.
Given $$w=(x,y,s)$$ close to the central path with 'small enough' $$\mu=x^\top s/n$$, such that for each $$i\in [n]$$, either $$x_i\ll s_i$$ or
$$x_i\gg s_i$$.
We 'guess'
$$$B:=\{i: x_i\gg s_i\},\quad N:=\{i: x_i\ll s_i\}.$$$
We try to move to $$w'=w+\Delta w$$ such that $$\mathrm{supp}(x')\subseteq B$$, $$\mathrm{supp}(s')\subseteq N$$, $$x',s'\ge 0$$.
We need
$$$A\Delta x=0,\, \Delta x_N=-x_N,\, A^\top \Delta y+\Delta s=0,\, \Delta s_B=-s_B,$$$
and for $$x+\Delta x\ge0,\, s+\Delta s\ge 0$$ it suffices that
$$$\|\Delta x_B\|\leq \min_{i \in B} x_i,\, \|\Delta s_N\|\leq \min_{j \in N} s_j.$$$
Natural choices are
$$$\begin{aligned}
\Delta x&:=\arg\min\left\{ \|u\| : u_N=-x_N, A u=0\right\}\\
\Delta s&:=\arg\min\left\{\|v\| : v_B=-s_B, A^\top z +v=0\right\}
\end{aligned}
$$$
Then, we have
$$$\begin{aligned}
\|\Delta x\|&\le \bar\chi_A \|x_N\|,\\
\|\Delta s\|&\le {\textcolor{red}{\bar\chi_A}}\|s_B\|.\\
\end{aligned}
$$$
The circuit imbalance measure
...the combinatorial sister of $$\bar\chi_A$$
A circuit of $$A$$ is a minimal linearly dependent subset of columns $$C \subseteq [n]$$. Let $$\mathcal{C}$$ denote the set of all circuits.
The circuit imbalance between $$i,j\in [n]$$ is
$$$\kappa_{ij} := \max\left\{\left|\frac{g_j}{g_i} \right|: \{i,j\} \subset \mathrm{supp}(g),\, Ag=0,\, \mathrm{supp}(g) \in \mathcal{C}\right\}$$$
The circuit imbalance measure of $$A$$ is
$$$\kappa_A:=\max_{i,j\in [n]}\kappa_{ij}$$$
If $$A$$ is a TU-matrix, then $$\kappa_A=1$$. More generally, if $$A$$ is integer, then $$\kappa_A\le \Delta$$, where $$\Delta$$ is the max. subdeterminant.
$$$\kappa^*_A:=\inf\{\kappa_{AD}: D\in \mathbf{D}\}.$$$
A near-optimal rescaling $$D$$ for $$\kappa_{AD}$$ will be near-optimal for $$\bar\chi_{AD}$$
Example: Let $$\ker(A)=\mathrm{span}((0,1,1,M),(1,0,M,1))$$.
Thus, $$\{2,3,4\}$$ and $$\{1,3,4\}$$ are circuits, and $$\kappa_A\ge M$$.
Can we find a $$D$$ such that $$\kappa_{AD}$$ is small?
Cycles are invariant under rescalings
...that is, cycles of circuits
[DHNV19+]
$$$\kappa^*_A=\max\left\{\prod_{(i,j)\in H} \kappa_{ij}^{1/|H|}:\, H \textrm{ is a cycle in the complete graph on }[n]\right\}$$$
Approximating $$\kappa^*_A$$
[DHNV19+]
$$$\kappa^*_A=\max\left\{\prod_{(i,j)\in H} \kappa_{ij}^{1/|H|}:\, H \textrm{ is a cycle in the complete graph on }[n]\right\}$$$
Algorithmically, the optimal rescaling can be obtained via a minimum-mean cycle computation for the costs $$c_{ij}=-\log\kappa_{ij}$$.
Minor caveat: computing $$\kappa_{ij}$$ values is NP-complete
Luckily, for any $$g\in \ker(A)$$ with $$i,j\in \mathrm{supp}(g)\in \mathcal{C}$$,
$$$ |g_j/g_i|\ge \kappa_{ij}/(\kappa^*_A)^2.$$$
Layered Least Squares Interior Point Methods
The Vavasis–Ye algorithm
Learning the optimal partition of variables
Assume the Predictor-Corrector method has already 'found' the partition $$[n]=B^*\cup N^*$$: $$x_i\gg x_j$$ and $$s_i\ll s_j$$ if $$i\in B^*$$, $$j\in N^*$$.
A simple projection would find the optimal solution, but the usual predictor step does not:
$$$\min\, \sum_{i=1}^n\left(\frac{x_i+\Delta x_i}{x_i}\right)^2 \quad
\text{s.t. } A\Delta x = 0
$$$
What does the Vavasis–Ye algorithm do here?
First, solve
$$$\min, \sum_{\textcolor{red}{i\in N^*}}\left(\frac{x_i+\Delta \bar x_i}{x_i}\right)^2 \quad
\text{s.t. } A\Delta \bar x = 0
$$$
The $$N^*$$ components of the optimal $$\Delta\bar x$$ give $$\Delta x_{N^*}$$; in this case, $$\Delta x_{N^*}=0$$.
Layering and crossover events
in the Vavasis–Ye algorithm
Arrange the variables into layers $$(J_1,J_2,\ldots,J_k)$$ as follows:
Order $$x_1\ge x_2\ge\ldots\ge x_n$$.
Start a new layer after $$x_i$$ whenever $$x_{i}>c\bar \chi_A x_{i+1}$$.
Variables on lower layers 'barely influence' those on higher layers.
Not scaling invariant!
Progress measure
The variables $$x_i$$ and $$x_j$$ cross over between $$\mu$$ and $$\mu'$$ for $$\mu>\mu'>0$$, if
$$x_j\ge x_i/(\bar \chi_A)^n$$ at the iterate at $$\mu$$.
$$x_j(\mu'') < x_i(\mu'')/(\bar \chi_A)^n$$ for the central path point for any $$0<\mu''\le \mu'$$
In the Vavasis–Ye algorithm, a crossover event happens within every $$O(n\log \bar\chi_A)$$ iterations.
We do not know which two variables cross over!
Scale-invariant layering algorithm
[DHNV19+]
Instead of $$x_i/x_j$$, we look at the scale invariant $$\kappa_{ij} x_i/x_j$$.
Layers are identified as the strongly connected components of the digraph formed by the edges $$(i,j)$$ such that
$$\kappa_{ij}x_i/x_j\ge 1/\mathrm{poly}(n)$$.
We do not know the $$\kappa_{ij}$$ values, but maintain
gradually improving lower bounds on them.
Improved convergence analysis
The variables $$x_i$$ and $$x_j$$ cross over between $$\mu$$ and $$\mu'$$ for $$\mu>\mu'>0$$, if
$$\mathrm{poly}(n)(\bar \chi_A)^n>\kappa_{ij} x_i/x_j$$ at the iterate at $$\mu$$.
$$\mathrm{poly}(n)(\bar \chi_A)^n>\kappa_{ij} x_i(\mu'')/x_j(\mu'')$$ for the central path point for any $$0<\mu''\le \mu'$$
We do not use cross-over events directly, but a more fine-grained potential
This improves the overall number of iterations from $$O(n^{3.5}\log(\bar\chi_A+n))$$ to
$$O(n^{2.5}\log(\bar\chi_A^*+n)\log n)$$
Analyis also applicable to the original Vavasis–Ye algorithm.
Conclusions and open questions
Scope to further improve the running time, both the iteration count, and by using faster linear algebra.
Understand and further explore the combinatorics of $$\bar\chi_A$$ and $$\kappa_A$$.
Practical advice: preprocessing the problem by a near optimal column rescaling may not hurt
Strongly polynomial LP: need to 'leave' the central path.
Postdoc position opening
ERC Grant
Scaling Methods for Discrete and Continuous Optimization


How to use a stateful LSTM model, stateful vs stateless LSTM performance comparison
More documentation about the Keras LSTM model
The models are trained on an input/output pair, where
the input is a generated uniformly distributed
random sequence of length = input_len
,
and the output is a moving average of the input with window length = tsteps
.
Both input_len
and tsteps
are defined in the "editable parameters"
section.
A larger tsteps
value means that the LSTM will need more memory
to figure out the input-output relationship.
This memory length is controlled by the lahead
variable (more details below).
The rest of the parameters are:
input_len
: the length of the generated input sequencelahead
: the input sequence length that the LSTM is trained on for each output pointbatch_size
,epochs
: same parameters as in themodel.fit(...)
function
When lahead > 1
, the model input is preprocessed to a "rolling window view"
of the data, with the window length = lahead
.
This is similar to sklearn's view_as_windows
with window_shape
being a single number.
When lahead < tsteps
, only the stateful LSTM converges because its
statefulness allows it to see beyond the capability that lahead
gave it to fit the n-point average. The stateless LSTM does not have
this capability, and hence is limited by its lahead
parameter,
which is not sufficient to see the n-point average.
When lahead >= tsteps
, both the stateful and stateless LSTM converge.
from __future__ import print_function
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense, LSTM
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# EDITABLE PARAMETERS
# Read the documentation in the script head for more details
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# length of input
input_len = 1000
# The window length of the moving average used to generate
# the output from the input in the input/output pair used
# to train the LSTM
# e.g. if tsteps=2 and input=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
# then output=[1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5]
tsteps = 2
# The input sequence length that the LSTM is trained on for each output point
lahead = 1
# training parameters passed to "model.fit(...)"
batch_size = 1
epochs = 10
# ------------
# MAIN PROGRAM
# ------------
print("*" * 33)
if lahead >= tsteps:
print("STATELESS LSTM WILL ALSO CONVERGE")
else:
print("STATELESS LSTM WILL NOT CONVERGE")
print("*" * 33)
np.random.seed(1986)
print('Generating Data...')
def gen_uniform_amp(amp=1, xn=10000):
"""Generates uniform random data between
-amp and +amp
and of length xn
# Arguments
amp: maximum/minimum range of uniform data
xn: length of series
"""
data_input = np.random.uniform(-1 * amp, +1 * amp, xn)
data_input = pd.DataFrame(data_input)
return data_input
# Since the output is a moving average of the input,
# the first few points of output will be NaN
# and will be dropped from the generated data
# before training the LSTM.
# Also, when lahead > 1,
# the preprocessing step later of "rolling window view"
# will also cause some points to be lost.
# For aesthetic reasons,
# in order to maintain generated data length = input_len after pre-processing,
# add a few points to account for the values that will be lost.
to_drop = max(tsteps - 1, lahead - 1)
data_input = gen_uniform_amp(amp=0.1, xn=input_len + to_drop)
# set the target to be a N-point average of the input
expected_output = data_input.rolling(window=tsteps, center=False).mean()
# when lahead > 1, need to convert the input to "rolling window view"
# https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.repeat.html
if lahead > 1:
data_input = np.repeat(data_input.values, repeats=lahead, axis=1)
data_input = pd.DataFrame(data_input)
for i, c in enumerate(data_input.columns):
data_input[c] = data_input[c].shift(i)
# drop the nan
expected_output = expected_output[to_drop:]
data_input = data_input[to_drop:]
print('Input shape:', data_input.shape)
print('Output shape:', expected_output.shape)
print('Input head: ')
print(data_input.head())
print('Output head: ')
print(expected_output.head())
print('Input tail: ')
print(data_input.tail())
print('Output tail: ')
print(expected_output.tail())
print('Plotting input and expected output')
plt.plot(data_input[0][:10], '.')
plt.plot(expected_output[0][:10], '-')
plt.legend(['Input', 'Expected output'])
plt.title('Input')
plt.show()
def create_model(stateful):
model = Sequential()
model.add(LSTM(20,
input_shape=(lahead, 1),
batch_size=batch_size,
stateful=stateful))
model.add(Dense(1))
model.compile(loss='mse', optimizer='adam')
return model
print('Creating Stateful Model...')
model_stateful = create_model(stateful=True)
# split train/test data
def split_data(x, y, ratio=0.8):
to_train = int(input_len * ratio)
# tweak to match with batch_size
to_train -= to_train % batch_size
x_train = x[:to_train]
y_train = y[:to_train]
x_test = x[to_train:]
y_test = y[to_train:]
# tweak to match with batch_size
to_drop = x.shape[0] % batch_size
if to_drop > 0:
x_test = x_test[:-1 * to_drop]
y_test = y_test[:-1 * to_drop]
# some reshaping
reshape_3 = lambda x: x.values.reshape((x.shape[0], x.shape[1], 1))
x_train = reshape_3(x_train)
x_test = reshape_3(x_test)
reshape_2 = lambda x: x.values.reshape((x.shape[0], 1))
y_train = reshape_2(y_train)
y_test = reshape_2(y_test)
return (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = split_data(data_input, expected_output)
print('x_train.shape: ', x_train.shape)
print('y_train.shape: ', y_train.shape)
print('x_test.shape: ', x_test.shape)
print('y_test.shape: ', y_test.shape)
print('Training')
for i in range(epochs):
print('Epoch', i + 1, '/', epochs)
# Note that the last state for sample i in a batch will
# be used as initial state for sample i in the next batch.
# Thus we are simultaneously training on batch_size series with
# lower resolution than the original series contained in data_input.
# Each of these series are offset by one step and can be
# extracted with data_input[i::batch_size].
model_stateful.fit(x_train,
y_train,
batch_size=batch_size,
epochs=1,
verbose=1,
validation_data=(x_test, y_test),
shuffle=False)
model_stateful.reset_states()
print('Predicting')
predicted_stateful = model_stateful.predict(x_test, batch_size=batch_size)
print('Creating Stateless Model...')
model_stateless = create_model(stateful=False)
print('Training')
model_stateless.fit(x_train,
y_train,
batch_size=batch_size,
epochs=epochs,
verbose=1,
validation_data=(x_test, y_test),
shuffle=False)
print('Predicting')
predicted_stateless = model_stateless.predict(x_test, batch_size=batch_size)
# ----------------------------
print('Plotting Results')
plt.subplot(3, 1, 1)
plt.plot(y_test)
plt.title('Expected')
plt.subplot(3, 1, 2)
# drop the first "tsteps-1" because it is not possible to predict them
# since the "previous" timesteps to use do not exist
plt.plot((y_test - predicted_stateful).flatten()[tsteps - 1:])
plt.title('Stateful: Expected - Predicted')
plt.subplot(3, 1, 3)
plt.plot((y_test - predicted_stateless).flatten())
plt.title('Stateless: Expected - Predicted')
plt.show()


Two-factor authentication adds an additional layer of security to your account by requiring more than just a password to log in.
Two-factor authentication adds an additional layer of security to your account by requiring more than just a password to log in.


{% include "includes/account-name-number.html" %}Add an apprenticeship
Add the details of your apprenticeship below. If you don't have the information now you can leave it blank and add it later
Save and clone this apprenticeship
Add the details of your apprenticeship below. If you don't have the information now you can leave it blank and add it later
Save and clone this apprenticeship


Books
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If any of these pets are yours, please contact us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Pet's Name: Princess
Type of Pet: Rabbit
Breed of Pet: Dutch
Color/markings on pet: Brown spots
Gender of Pet: Female
Size of Pet: Small (0-20 lbs)
Pet has: No collar
City where pet was lost: Oak Brook, Illinois
Last seen: November 6th, 2017
Pet's Name: Hadley
Type of Pet: Dog
Breed of Pet: German Shepherd
Color/markings on pet: Black spots
Gender of Pet: Male
Size of Pet: Large (Over 50 lbs)
Pet was: Microchipped
City where pet was lost: Lincoln Park, Illinois
Last seen: November 7th, 2017
Pet's Name: Elvis
Type of Pet: Cat
Breed of Pet: Unknown
Color/markings on pet: Black stripes
Gender of Pet: Female
Size of Pet: Small (0-20 lbs)
Pet has: An ID tattoo
City where pet was lost: Naperville, Illinois
Last seen: November 9th, 2017


IPPR Namibia
MAPPING OWNERSHIP OF PETROLEUM LICENSES
Which companies have the rights to explore for petroleum?
Using the search functions below, identify which companies hold petroleum exploration rights based on
the concession map, a list of licences and associated blocks, or the names of specific companies.
LICENCES
- block
- block
- block
- block
- block
COMPANIES
- Partner
- Partner
- Partner
- Partner
- Partner
Additional information


XPath
of First Element
XPath
of Second Element
Relative
XPath
of First Element To Second Element
Final Result
Tag Name
Tag Content


THE FUNERAL A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1996 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): **
With the Mafia genre having run its course, director Abel Ferrara attempts to revive it with a bit of revisionist history. Everyone knows what happens in mobster films.  No longer.
In Ferrara's THE FUNERAL, the gangsters are stoics. When problems arise, they seek out the meditative environment of a dark room so they can silently brood. From when-in-doubt-shoot, we have gone to let's-ponder. Don't worry, you will not be disappointed. After seeking and not finding inner peace, the crooks do return to kill their prey in suitably gory fashion. To add a twist, the gangsters' business is full of political overtones with a range from Republicans to Communists.
Although you would swear that THE FUNERAL was by a Swedish director, Ferrara is actually the one who gave the world the extremely violent, but highly regarded BAD LIEUTENANT and my personal favorite of his, the 1993 remake of BODY SNATCHERS. The only way I can figure it is that Ferrara must have spent a lot time recently watching old Ingmar Bergman films. Consider THE FUNERAL his homage to the great master.
Set in New York in the labor unrest of the 30s, THE FUNERAL starts after the funeral of one of the three Tempio brothers. Communist sympathizer Johnny Tempio (Vincent Gallo) has died and all of his relatives have come to mourn. Unstable brother Chez (Chris Penn) does not take his brother's death well and wants to know who did it. Unpredictable brother Ray (Christopher Walken) is quiet and morose. The film then switches to the past and brings the viewer back up to and past the funeral.
Although it is a color film, its color palette contains mainly shades of black. The cinematography by Ken Kelsch is dark and gloomy. Everything is in shadows. The sets by Charles Lagola are equally somber with dark woods and sleek, long black automobiles. Joe Delia's music is serious and melancholic with solo violins.
"It is only a criminal that can lead our country," tells the union rabble-rouser (Edie Falco) under his Communist party banner. (I will reject making any reference here to our current political landscape.) Johnny is impressed and falls under the orator's spell.
Soon the brothers have cut a deal with the union bosses since the money is good. When another mobster, Gaspare Spoglia (Benicio Del Toro), shows up with the businessman being picketed by the unions they are helping, they switch sides. After a pseudo-intellectual discussion of the economic implication of strikes, Ray says learnedly, "We understand the problems of the economy also." The businessman offers more cash than the unions so Ray follows the money.
The show is full of film references. Johnny tells his friend that, "I would say life is pretty pointless, wouldn't you, without the movies?" Later they come out of a theater where the next film will be KISS KISS BANG BANG. This is an accolade to the great film critic Pauline Kael and her famous quote "The words KISS KISS BANG BANG, which I saw on an Italian movie poster, are perhaps the briefest statement imaginable of the basic appeal of movies. This appeal is what attracts us, and ultimately what makes us despair when we begin to understand how seldom movies are more than this."
The acting is interesting even if full of stereotypes. Del Toro is ultrasmooth and confident. Walken is, well, Walken. Gallo is slimy and disrespectful. The most complex and complete performance is given by Penn. His is the only one that is believable. It is easy to miss much of Nicholas St. John's sparse script due to the tendency of the actors to whisper and mumble.
In contrast to the men's evil, their women are shown as downtrodden angels.  But he explains his actions away with, "I'm not ashamed of nothing. I didn't make the world."
I love the part of the press kit discussing Ferrara: "One of the most idiosyncratic filmmakers of our time, Ferrar's films combine high art and low down sleaze to create an unflinching, in-your-face depiction of the moral mayhem of modern life." This is an apt description of BAD LIEUTENANT, but is off the mark for THE FUNERAL. THE FUNERAL is a slow moving and cerebral film interrupted briefly for the obligatory violent sequences. Its style does have a certain attraction and the acting is good. Whether that is sufficient to compel audiences to see it remains problematic.
THE FUNERAL runs 1:38. It is rated R for nudity, explicit sex, strong language, and periodic, realistic, but not gratuitous violence. If teenagers go, they should be mature. The show is a tough call for me since as much as I admire the risk taking, there is just not enough there for me to be able to recommend it. It gets ** in my book.
**** = One of the top few films of this or any year. A must see film. *** = Excellent show. Look for it. ** = Average movie. Kind of enjoyable. * = Poor show.  Totally unbearable.
REVIEW WRITTEN ON: November 4, 1996
Opinions expressed are mine and not meant to reflect my employer's.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Qt Multimedia QML API
Overview
The Qt Multimedia module gives developers a simplified way to use audio and video playback, and access camera functionality. The Multimedia QML API provides a QML friendly interface to these features.
Types
Audio
Audio is an easy way to add audio playback to a Qt Quick scene. Qt Multimedia provides properties for control, methods (functions) and signals.
The code extract below shows the creation and use of an Audio instance.
Item { width: 640 height: 360 Audio { id: playMusic source: "music.wav" } MouseArea { id: playArea anchors.fill: parent onPressed: { playMusic.play() } } }
The snippet above shows how the inclusion of playMusic enables audio features on the type that contains it. So that when the parent's MouseArea is clicked the play() method of Audio is run. Other typical audio control methods are available such as pause() and stop().
Much of the getting / setting of Audio parameters is done through properties. These include
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| source | The source URL of the media. |
| autoLoad | Indicates if loading of media should begin immediately. |
| playing | Indicates that the media is playing. |
| paused | The media is paused. |
| status | The status of media loading. |
| duration | Amount of time in milliseconds the media will play. |
| position | Current position in the media in milliseconds of play. |
| volume | Audio output volume: from 0.0 (silent) to 1.0 (maximum) |
| muted | Indicates audio is muted. |
| bufferProgress | Indicates how full the data buffer is: 0.0 (empty) to 1.0 (full). |
| seekable | Indicates whether the audio position can be changed. |
| playbackRate | The rate at which audio is played at as a multiple of the normal rate. |
| error | An error code for the error state including NoError |
| errorString | A description of the current error condition. |
The set of signals available allow the developer to create custom behavior when the following events occur,
| Signal | Description |
|---|---|
| playing | Called when playback is started, or when resumed from paused state. |
| paused | Called when playback is paused. |
| stopped | Called when playback is stopped. |
| error | Called when the specified error occurs. |
Camera
Camera enables still image and video capture using QML. It has a number of properties that help setting it up.
The details of using a Camera are described in further depth in the Camera Overview and in the corresponding reference documentation.
Video
Adding video playback, with sound, to a Qt Quick scene is also easy. The process is very similar to that of Audio above, in fact Video shares many of the property names, methods and signals. Here is the equivalent sample code to implement video playback in a scene
Video { id: video width : 800 height : 600 source: "video.avi" MouseArea { anchors.fill: parent onClicked: { video.play() } } focus: true Keys.onSpacePressed: video.paused = !video.paused Keys.onLeftPressed: video.position -= 5000 Keys.onRightPressed: video.position += 5000 }
There are similar features like play() with new features specific to video.
In the above sample when the parent of MouseArea is clicked, an area of 800x600 pixels with an id of 'video', the source "video.avi" will play in that area. Notice also that signals for the Keys have been defined so that a spacebar will toggle the pause button; the left arrow will move the current position in the video to 5 seconds previously; and the right arrow will advance the current position in the video by 5 seconds.
Most of the differences will obviously be about video control and information. There are many properties associated with Video, most of them deal with meta-data, control of the video media and aspects of presentation.
SoundEffect
SoundEffect provides a way to play short sound effects, like in video games. Multiple sound effect instances can be played simultaneously. You should use Audio for music playback.
Item { width: 640 height: 360 SoundEffect { id: effect source: "test.wav" } MouseArea { id: playArea anchors.fill: parent onPressed: { effect.play() } } }
In the above sample the sound effect will be played when the MouseArea is clicked.
For a complete description of this type, see SoundEffect
Multimedia QML Types
A convenience type for showing a specified video | |
Add audio playback to a scene | |
Add media playback to a scene | |
Access viewfinder frames, and take photos and movies | |
An interface for capturing camera images | |
An interface for exposure related camera settings | |
An interface for flash related camera settings | |
An interface for focus related camera settings | |
An interface for camera capture related settings | |
Controls video recording with the Camera | |
Provides a global object with useful functions from Qt Multimedia | |
For specifying a list of media to be played | |
Defines an item in a Playlist | |
Access radio functionality from a QML application | |
Access RDS data from a QML application | |
Simple control over torch functionality | |
Type provides a way to play sound effects in QML | |
Render video or camera viewfinder |


IT'S TIME TO BONBON
Embark on your own adventure with Hanoi's one and only Bon Bon City Tours. Our flexible city sightseeing tours allow you to soak up the city's history and atmosphere with ease. Hop on any of our unique buses from 10+ Bon Bon stops, conveniently located close to famous landmarks and attractions. You can hop off the bus to explore as often as you wish, and rejoin the tour once you're ready.

HOP ON HOP OFF TICKET
Explore the city at your own
pace with our flexibility
Language included: English, VIetnamese. All BonBon bus offers audio guide in English and Vietnamese which will give you information on every stop as well as activities along the way. We will also provide you our very own guidebook to the essential sights, sounds and tastes from east to west that define Hanoi.
FREE WIFI
Free wifi on board
Language included: English, VIetnamese. All BonBon bus offers audio guide in English and Vietnamese which will give you information on every stop as well as activities along the way. We will also provide you our very own guidebook to the essential sights, sounds and tastes from east to west that define Hanoi.
PRE-RECORDER APP COMPLIMENTARY
Available in 2 languages on all tours
Language included: English, VIetnamese. All BonBon bus offers audio guide in English and Vietnamese which will give you information on every stop as well as activities along the way. We will also provide you our very own guidebook to the essential sights, sounds and tastes from east to west that define Hanoi.
DEPARTURE POINTS
Conveniently located so you
can see the best of Hanoi
Language included: English, VIetnamese. All BonBon bus offers audio guide in English and Vietnamese which will give you information on every stop as well as activities along the way. We will also provide you our very own guidebook to the essential sights, sounds and tastes from east to west that define Hanoi.
BOOK ONLINE AND SAVE
Save more from online purchase
Language included: English, VIetnamese. All BonBon bus offers audio guide in English and Vietnamese which will give you information on every stop as well as activities along the way. We will also provide you our very own guidebook to the essential sights, sounds and tastes from east to west that define Hanoi.
MAXIMUM SERVICE
AT BEST PRICE
It's all inclusive with no extra
Language included: English, VIetnamese. All BonBon bus offers audio guide in English and Vietnamese which will give you information on every stop as well as activities along the way. We will also provide you our very own guidebook to the essential sights, sounds and tastes from east to west that define Hanoi.
HOW IT WORKS
Find the best ticket for your trip
Purchase online & get your e-ticket
Exchange your e-tickets to paper tickets on the bus at the 1st stop and make sure to validate them
Enjoy your trip!
BONBON ROUTE
Bon this way
HANOI ATTRACTIONS
The no-so-little gems of our route. Presenting Hanoi's proudest
OUR HAPPY CUSTOMER
Why only hear from us? Let's check more from our friends
GET IN TOUCH


#include <stDummyNode.h>
This class implements the node of the Dummy Tree. Since the Dummy Tree is a sequential list, this node holds only objects and a link to the next node.
- Version
- 1.0
- Author
- Fabio Jun Takada Chino (chino.nosp@m.@icm.nosp<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-
Marcos Rodrigues Vieira (mrvie.nosp@m.ira@.nosp@m.icmc..nosp<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Definition at line 93 of file stDummyNode.h.
| stDummyNode::stDummyNode |
( |
stPage * |
page, |
|
|
bool |
create = false |
|
) |
| |
Creates a new instance of this class. The parameter page is an instance of stPage that hold the node data.
The parameter create tells to stIndexPage what operation will be performed. True means that the page will be initialized and false means that the page will be used as it is. The default value is false.
- Parameters
-
| page | The page that hold the data of this node. |
| create | The operation to be performed. |
| int stDummyNode::AddEntry |
( |
stSize |
size, |
|
|
const stByte * |
object |
|
) |
| |
This method adds an object to this node.
- Parameters
-
| size | The size of the object in bytes. |
| object | The object data. |
- Returns
- The position in the vector Entries or a negative value for failure.
- See also
- RemoveObject()
Gets the next node linked to this node.
Definition at line 186 of file stDummyNode.h.
| stCount stDummyNode::GetNumberOfEntries |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inline |
| const stByte* stDummyNode::GetObject |
( |
int |
idx | ) |
|
Gets the serialized object. Use GetObjectSize to determine the size of the object.
- Parameters
-
- Warning
- The parameter id is not verified by this implementation unless stDEBUG is defined at compile time.
- Returns
- A pointer to the serialized object.
- See also
- GetObjectSize()
| stSize stDummyNode::GetObjectSize |
( |
int |
idx | ) |
|
Returns the size of the object in bytes. Use GetObject() to get the object data.
- Parameters
-
- Warning
- The parameter id is not verified by this implementation unless stDEBUG is defined at compile time.
- Returns
- The size of the serialized object.
- See also
- GetObject()
| stPage* stDummyNode::GetPage |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inline |
Returns the associated page.
- Returns
- The associated page.
Definition at line 113 of file stDummyNode.h.
| void stDummyNode::RemoveEntry |
( |
stCount |
idx | ) |
|
Removes an entry from this object.
- Parameters
-
- Warning
- The parameter id is not verified by this implementation unless stDEBUG is defined at compile time.
- See also
- GetObjectSize()
- Todo:
- This method is not implemented yet.
| void stDummyNode::SetNextNode |
( |
stPageID |
idx | ) |
|
|
inline |
Sets the next node linked to this node.
- Parameters
-
| id | The ID of the next node. |
Definition at line 196 of file stDummyNode.h.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


The Linpack benchmark measures the performance of single precision floating point operations
- Linpack was originally inteded for use on supercomputers in the 1970s
- Linpack is small enough to fit entirely into L1 cache
Input: None
Output: Thousands of Floating Point Operations per Second / KFLOPS


devonfw attracts students and university-teams to take advantage of devonfw as open and simple
CSD-platform that is close to the industry.
Rationale to start university activities on devonfw
devonfw attracts students and university-teams to take advantage of devonfw as open and simple
CSD-platform that is close to the industry.
- Open source software and documentation free to use
- Publicly hosted software and running server
- Provided guidelines on architecture and technology are highly relevant for Future job-opportunities
- University activities can expect some extra support from the devonfw community
- Opportunity to network and integrate with other university activities and Build upon
each others results
- Possibility to receive additional material regarding devonfw (like preconfigured IDE or
training material)
In general, the existing platform enables to start on advanced topics in the field of engineering,
architecture, methods and tooling.
Examples for University activities
devonfw is and has been used to engage in a number of activities by students or student teams
for a practical semester, a graduate thesis or even a internship. A few examples:
- Graduate thesis to integrate SAP Hana as backend of a CSD application and to evaluate
advanced use-cases like predictive analytics. A PoC is created based on devon4J.
- A group of students creating a mobile frontend on the interfaces of the devon4J server.
- Graduate thesis on enterprise monitoring in modern application landscapes evaluating
a range of approaches and tools.
Cooperation with universities internationally
Currently we are cooperating with a number of universities that take devonfw as architecture
blueprint for modern CSD-applications to be used in classes and practice courses.
- Chair for the innovation on software development at University of Valencia
- Class for software engineering at University Darmstadt
- Practice course at University Kaiserslautern to build a mobile client on devonfw
- Practice course at University Cologne to build advanced web client features for devonfw
- Practice course at University Darmstadt to enhance devonfw-restaurant with special attention
on usability
Interested in using devonfw?
If you are interested in starting your own graduate-activity on the grounds of devonfw please
get in touch. We would be quite happy to receive your application.
If you don't have a distinct idea what to do, just let us know your field of interest, so
we will be happy to suggest a topic.


| DevIL Documentation | Home | Previous | Next |
The ilutLoadResource function loads a Windows resource as the current image.
ILboolean ilutLoadResource(
HINSTANCE hInst,
ILint ID,
char *ResourceType,
ILenum Type
);
ilutLoadResource is a Windows-specific function that loads a resource as the current bound image. This feature allows you to have images directly in your .exe and not worry whether a particular file is present on the user's harddrive. An alternative, more portable solution is to use ilSave with IL_CHEAD as the Type parameter.
ILUT_ILLEGAL_OPERATION - There is currently no image bound. Use ilGenImages and ilBindImage before calling this function.
ilGenImages, ilBindImage, ilutGetWinClipboard, ilSave


Pixel Arts
Home
Shogi
Pixel Arts
Japanese Scenery
These are some work done by Japanese Pixel Artist Yuuta Toyoi


Notes 8.4.5
Data Center Network - A network that connects internal hosts in a data center, and connects the data center to the internet.
Blades - Short rack-mounted hosts.
Top of Rack (TOR) Switch - Interconnects the hosts in each rack with eachother and with other switches.
Border Routers - Connect the data center network to the public internet.
Data Center Network Design - The art of designing a data center network.
Load Balancer - Distribute requests to hosts.
Hierachy of Routers and Switches - Routers and switches are assigned to an access hierarchy.
How does Bob connect to the internet?
- The operating system on Bob's laptop creates a DHCP request message (Section
4.4.2) and puts this message within a UDP segment (Section 3.3) with
destination port 67 (DHCP server) and source port 68 (DHCP client). The UDP
segment is then placed within an IP datagram (Section 4.4.1) with a broadcast IP destination address (<IP_ADDRESS>) and a source IP address of <IP_ADDRESS>,
since Bob's laptop doesn't yet have an IP address.
- The IP datagram containing the DHCP request message is then placed within
an Ethernet frame (Section 5.4.2). The Ethernet frame has a destination MAC
addresses of FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF so that the frame will be broadcast to all
devices connected to the switch (hopefully including a DHCP server); the
frame's source MAC address is that of Bob's laptop, 00:16:D3:23:68:8A.
- The broadcast Ethernet frame containing the DHCP request is the first frame
sent by Bob's laptop to the Ethernet switch. The switch broadcasts the incoming
frame on all outgoing ports, including the port connected to the router.
- The router receives the broadcast Ethernet frame containing the DHCP request
on its interface with MAC address 00:22:6B:45:1F:1B and the IP datagram is
extracted from the Ethernet frame. The datagram's broadcast IP destination
address indicates that this IP datagram should be processed by upper layer protocols
at this node, so the datagram's payload (a UDP segment) is thus demultiplexed
(Section 3.2) up to UDP, and the DHCP request message is extracted
from the UDP segment. The DHCP server now has the DHCP request message.
- Let's suppose that the DHCP server running within the router can allocate IP
addresses in the CIDR (Section 4.4.2) block <IP_ADDRESS>/24. In this example, all
IP addresses used within the school are thus within Comcast's address block. Let's suppose the DHCP server allocates address <IP_ADDRESS> to Bob's laptop.
The DHCP server creates a DHCPACK message (Section 4.4.2) containing
this IP address, as well as the IP address of the DNS server (<IP_ADDRESS>), the
IP address for the default gateway router (<IP_ADDRESS>), and the subnet block
(<IP_ADDRESS>/24) (equivalently, the "network mask"). The DHCP message is put
inside a UDP segment, which is put inside an IP datagram, which is put inside
an Ethernet frame. The Ethernet frame has a source MAC address of the
router's interface to the home network (00:22:6B:45:1F:1B) and a destination
MAC address of Bob's laptop (00:16:D3:23:68:8A).
- The Ethernet frame containing the DHCP ACK is sent (unicast) by the router
to the switch. Because the switch is self-learning (Section 5.4.3) and previously
received an Ethernet frame (containing the DHCP request) from Bob's
laptop, the switch knows to forward a frame addressed to 00:16:D3:23:68:8A
only to the output port leading to Bob's laptop.
- Bob's laptop receives the Ethernet frame containing the DHCP ACK, extracts
the IP datagram from the Ethernet frame, extracts the UDP segment from the
IP datagram, and extracts the DHCP ACK message from the UDP segment.
Bob's DHCP client then records its IP address and the IP address of its DNS
server. It also installs the address of the default gateway into its IP forwarding
table (Section 4.1). Bob's laptop will send all datagrams with destination
address outside of its subnet <IP_ADDRESS>/24 to the default gateway. At this point,
Bob's laptop has initialized its networking components and is ready to begin
processing the Web page fetch. (Note that only the last two DHCP steps of the
four presented in Chapter 4 are actually necessary.)
- The operating system on Bob's laptop thus creates a DNS query message (Section
2.5.3), putting the string "www.google.com" in the question section of the DNS
message. This DNS message is then placed within a UDP segment with a destination
port of 53 (DNS server). The UDP segment is then placed within an IP datagram
with an IP destination address of <IP_ADDRESS> (the address of the DNS server
returned in the DHCP ACK in step 5) and a source IP address of <IP_ADDRESS>.
- Bob's laptop then places the datagram containing the DNS query message in
an Ethernet frame. This frame will be sent (addressed, at the link layer) to the
gateway router in Bob's school's network. However, even though Bob's laptop knows the IP address of the school's gateway router (<IP_ADDRESS>) via the DHCP
ACK message in step 5 above, it doesn't know the gateway router's MAC
address. In order to obtain the MAC address of the gateway router, Bob's laptop
will need to use the ARP protocol (Section 5.4.1).
- Bob's laptop creates an ARP query message with a target IP address of
<IP_ADDRESS> (the default gateway), places the ARP message within an Ethernet
frame with a broadcast destination address (FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF) and sends the
Ethernet frame to the switch, which delivers the frame to all connected
devices, including the gateway router.
- The gateway router receives the frame containing the ARP query message on the
interface to the school network, and finds that the target IP address of <IP_ADDRESS> in
the ARP message matches the IP address of its interface. The gateway router thus
prepares an ARPreply, indicating that its MAC address of 00:22:6B:45:1F:1B
corresponds to IP address <IP_ADDRESS>. It places the ARP reply message in an
Ethernet frame, with a destination address of 00:16:D3:23:68:8A (Bob's laptop)
and sends the frame to the switch, which delivers the frame to Bob's laptop.
- Bob's laptop receives the frame containing the ARP reply message and extracts
the MAC address of the gateway router (00:22:6B:45:1F:1B) from the ARP
reply message.
- Bob's laptop can now ( finally!) address the Ethernet frame containing the DNS
query to the gateway router's MAC address. Note that the IP datagram in this frame
has an IP destination address of <IP_ADDRESS> (the DNS server), while the frame has
a destination address of 00:22:6B:45:1F:1B (the gateway router). Bob's laptop
sends this frame to the switch, which delivers the frame to the gateway router.
- The gateway router receives the frame and extracts the IP datagram containing
the DNS query. The router looks up the destination address of this datagram
(<IP_ADDRESS>) and determines from its forwarding table that the datagram should
be sent to the leftmost router in the Comcast network in Figure 5.32. The IP datagram
is placed inside a link-layer frame appropriate for the link connecting the
school's router to the leftmost Comcast router and the frame is sent over this link.
- The leftmost router in the Comcast network receives the frame, extracts the IP
datagram, examines the datagram's destination address (<IP_ADDRESS>) and
determines the outgoing interface on which to forward the datagram towards
the DNS server from its forwarding table, which has been filled in by Comcast's
intra-domain protocol (such as RIP, OSPF or IS-IS, Section 4.6) as well
as the Internet's inter-domain protocol, BGP.
- Eventually the IP datagram containing the DNS query arrives at the DNS server.
The DNS server extracts the DNS query message, looks up the name
www.google.com in its DNS database (Section 2.5), and finds the DNS resource record that contains the IP address (<IP_ADDRESS>) for www.google.com.
(assuming that it is currently cached in the DNS server). Recall that this cached
data originated in the authoritative DNS server (Section 2.5.2) for googlecom.
The DNS server forms a DNS reply message containing this hostname-to-IPaddress
mapping, and places the DNS reply message in a UDP segment, and the
segment within an IP datagram addressed to Bob's laptop (<IP_ADDRESS>). This
datagram will be forwarded back through the Comcast network to the school's
router and from there, via the Ethernet switch to Bob's laptop.
- Bob's laptop extracts the IP address of the server www.google.com from the
DNS message. Finally, after a lot of work, Bob's laptop is now ready to contact
the www.google.com server!
- Now that Bob's laptop has the IP address of www.google.com, it can create the
TCP socket (Section 2.7) that will be used to send the HTTPGET message
(Section 2.2.3) to www.google.com. When Bob creates the TCP socket, the TCP
in Bob's laptop must first perform a three-way handshake (Section 3.5.6) with
the TCP in www.google.com. Bob's laptop thus first creates a TCP SYN segment
with destination port 80 (for HTTP), places the TCP segment inside an IP datagram
with a destination IP address of <IP_ADDRESS> (www.google.com), places
the datagram inside a frame with a destination MAC address of
00:22:6B:45:1F:1B (the gateway router) and sends the frame to the switch.
- The routers in the school network, Comcast's network, and Google's network
forward the datagram containing the TCP SYN towards www.google.com,
using the forwarding table in each router, as in steps 14-16 above. Recall that
the router forwarding table entries governing forwarding of packets over the
inter-domain link between the Comcast and Google networks are determined
by the BGP protocol (Section 4.6.3).
- Eventually, the datagram containing the TCP SYN arrives at www.google.com.
The TCP SYN message is extracted from the datagram and demultiplexed to the
welcome socket associated with port 80. A connection socket (Section 2.7) is
created for the TCP connection between the Google HTTP server and Bob's
laptop. ATCP SYNACK (Section 3.5.6) segment is generated, placed inside a
datagram addressed to Bob's laptop, and finally placed inside a link-layer frame
appropriate for the link connecting www.google.com to its first-hop router.
- The datagram containing the TCP SYNACK segment is forwarded through the
Google, Comcast, and school networks, eventually arriving at the Ethernet card
in Bob's laptop. The datagram is demultiplexed within the operating system to
the TCP socket created in step 18, which enters the connected state.
- With the socket on Bob's laptop now (finally!) ready to send bytes to www.google
.com, Bob's browser creates the HTTP GET message (Section 2.2.3) containing the
URLto be fetched. The HTTPGET message is then written into the socket, with the GET message becoming the payload of a TCP segment. The TCP segment is placed
in a datagram and sent and delivered to www.google.com as in steps 18-20 above.
- The HTTP server at www.google.com reads the HTTP GET message from the
TCP socket, creates an HTTP response message (Section 2.2), places the
requested Web page content in the body of the HTTP response message, and
sends the message into the TCP socket.
- The datagram containing the HTTP reply message is forwarded through the Google,
Comcast, and school networks, and arrives at Bob's laptop. Bob's Web browser program
reads the HTTP response from the socket, extracts the html for the Web page
from the body of the HTTP response, and finally ( finally!) displays the Web page!


Presenting Team 6
Frontend Engineer
My name is Han. Love playing badminton and hanging out with friends to take landscape photos in my spare times. Curious about new techs
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>yhuang19@mail.sfsu.edu


Recent Input: xxxx , xxxxxxxxxxxxx
2016 © XJTU All rights reserved | Shaanxi Key Lab. of Satellite-Terrestrial Network Tech. R&D , Xi'an Jiaotong University


School Notes :D
Since we can all agree school can get a bit confusing at times, notes are a helpful way to keep track of information and a refresher before starting an assignment or an important exam. I originally created a set of Pre-Calculus Notes in LaTeX through Overleaf in order to get ahead on this course, but then realized how helpful this could be to others. I decided to share this via Google Drive for others, before recognizing the fact that not everyone I know will necessarily be taking this course next year. I then started working on new notes, having just finished making Algebra II notes based on Allen ISD's Curriculum (embedded on the right. Hopefully, more and more of these notes will be made and utilized in the future!


If the application doesn't load, please make sure you are using a modern browser such as
Mozilla Firefox
or
Google Chrome
.


New Results
Defining trait-based microbial strategies with consequences for soil carbon cycling under climate change
Ashish A.
Malik
,
Jennifer B. H.
Martiny
,
Eoin L.
Brodie
,
Adam C.
Martiny
,
Kathleen K.
Treseder
,
Steven D.
Allison
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/445866
Ashish A. Malik
Department of Ecology &; Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine,
USA
Jennifer B. H. Martiny
Department of Ecology &; Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine,
USA
Eoin L. Brodie
Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley,
USA
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley,
USA
Adam C. Martiny
Department of Ecology &; Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine,
USA
Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine,
USA
Kathleen K. Treseder
Department of Ecology &; Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine,
USA
Steven D. Allison
Department of Ecology &; Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine,
USA
Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine,
USA
You do not have access to the full text of this article, the first page of the PDF of this article appears above.
Copyright[[nbsp]]
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
It is made available under a
CC-BY 4.0 International license.
Posted[[nbsp]]October 17, 2018.
Defining trait-based microbial strategies with consequences for soil carbon cycling under climate change
Ashish A.
Malik
,
Jennifer B. H.
Martiny
,
Eoin L.
Brodie
,
Adam C.
Martiny
,
Kathleen K.
Treseder
,
Steven D.
Allison
bioRxiv
445866;
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/445866
Citation Manager Formats
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--- layout: post esbma_id: 1120 title: Finding a Product Idea date: 2004-12-15 01:37:13 ---
My latest Business of Software column is now available on the MSDN website.


Could anyone make a button on the bar with the apply button that brings you to the top?  At least for me its like that.
Topicstarter
zodiac686
juress wrote:
That stripe with apply button is scrolling with you, no? At least for me its like that.
It is, but what I meant was that I don't like scrolling all the way back to the top after doing what I need to do. I'd like to have a "To Top" button on that stripe so that I don't need to scroll all the way back up.
Cool! Um... Could someone make this into a url? Sorry, I don't know much about this.
Meaurk
Global Moderator
Here you go, works perfect! :)
https://dl.dropbox.com/u/97057514/GoToTop.js
Topicstarter
zodiac686
Inception wrote:
Here you go, works perfect! :)
https://dl.dropbox.com/u/97057514/GoToTop.js
Thank you so much!! :D It does work perfect!
dapil
Plugin Developer
Can you please update this to work with v3.0? It's very useful.
dapil
Plugin Developer
*bump*
Post edited 3 x times, last by
dapil
Plugin Developer
dapil
Plugin Developer
I've learned jQuery a day ago because I am making my personal webpage and than I realised, that BBlog plugins are also written in jQuery, so I edited this plugin to work with 3.x and made it translatable.


directoryIndex
Optional String
, defaulting to index.html
If a navigation request
for a URL ending in /
fails to match a precached URL, this value will be appended
to the URL and that will be checked for a precache match.
This should be configured to whatever your web server is using, if anything, for its directory index.
Example:
directoryIndex: 'index.html'


Home
This is the documentation website for the LGSVL Simulator.
You can subscribe to our email newsletter here.
Visit our website here: https://www.lgsvlsimulator.com
Visit our Github here: https://github.com/lgsvl/simulator
Quick Start#
- Getting Started
- Keyboard Shortcuts
- Release notes
- Web User Interface
- Simulation User Interface
- Configuration file and command line parameters
Integration with AD#
- Running with Autoware.AI
- Running with Autoware.Auto
- Running with latest Apollo
- Running with Apollo 5.0
- Running with Apollo 3.0
- LGSVL ROS/ROS2 Message Definitions
Python API#
Tutorials#
- Reinforcement learning with OpenAI Gym
- Deep learning lane following model
- How to create a simple ROS2-based AD stack with LGSVL Simulator
Advanced#
- Supported message types
- Understanding LGSVL Simulator coordinate systems
- Map annotation
- Build instructions
- Adding assets
- Adding a new map
- Adding a new ego vehicle
- NPC map navigation
- Setting up ROS 2 bridge
- Plugins
- Point cloud
- Unity help


Ocean [ak76], ocean, in Crystal Sea
Last updated Turn #66
Ocean [ak76], ocean, in Crystal Sea
------------------------------------------------------------------------
26: Orion I [hd3f], ship, 2 hulls, 1 rowing port, 6 sails, 19% damaged,
26: arrived from Ocean [ak75], owner:
26: Phantasm [n4b], Imperial Empire, with 12 sailors, one ox
27: Orion I [hd3f], ship, 2 hulls, 1 rowing port, 6 sails, 19% damaged,
27: departed for Endless Plains [al76].
Routes leaving Ocean:
North, to Ocean [aj76], 6 days
East, to Ocean [ak77], 6 days
South, plain, to Endless Plains [al76], Imperia, 2 days
West, to Ocean [ak75], 6 days


Wind Street (Formerly South Gate)
The South Gate of Swansea stood somewhere under the junction with Wind Street, Quay Road and Victoria Road.
South Gate marked the edge of medieval Swansea overlooking the tidal marshes and river that lay beyond it. Like Swansea’s other town gates, South Gate has completely disappeared. It linked to the town’s western defences, which here were formed by a broad stream called the Cadle. Outside the South Gate was the site of the ferry across the Tawe which is recorded in a charter of William de Briouze in 1306. South Gate controlled access to the town from the ferry crossing.
Swansea’s South Gate led down towards the Cadle stream and the marshy land beyond. Even here, the raised, imposing structure of the Castle would have been visible, showing the power and control of the Anglo-Norman Marcher lords, who acted quickly to crush and punish acts of rebellion such as the burning of Oystermouth Castle, with which William Cragh was involved.


International Criminal Justice Today is an online periodical dedicated to news, opinion, and other current events about international criminal justice. » read more
Visit our Main Website


{% spaceless %} {% load i18n %} {% load static %} {% get_current_language as LANGUAGE_CODE %} {% endspaceless %}
{% trans "You are not authenticated." %} {% trans "If you are not authenticated, you will not be able to keep track of your progress." %}
{% trans "Sign in" %}


Preparation time
overnight
Cooking time
less than 10 mins
Serves
Serves 6-8
This genius recipe for Christmas leftovers requires no real cooking and no knives and forks.
Heat the cranberries, orange juice and juniper in a saucepan until the mixture is boiling. Stir in the sugar and reduce the heat until the mixture is simmering, stirring well until the sugar has dissolved. Simmer for 5-8 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the cranberries have all burst and the mixture has thickened. Season with salt and black pepper and set aside to cool.
Meanwhile, cut one-quarter from the top of the loaf - set aside this ‘lid’. Scoop out all the bread from inside the loaf and reserve for making breadcrumbs that can be frozen for use in another recipe. Spread some of the cranberry sauce into the bottom of the hollowed-out loaf.
Add the red onion, rocket, stuffing, leftover meat and mozzarella slices to the loaf in layers until everything has been used up. Season each layer with a little salt and black pepper. Finish with a layer of cranberry sauce.
Place the ‘lid’ on top of the loaf. Wrap the loaf tightly in cling film and chill in the fridge for at least 1 hour, but preferably overnight (it will keep for up to 5 days). Unwrap and cut into wedges to serve.


The Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) candidate has been elected Governor of Ekiti State, after winning the gubernatorial elections that took place on June 21, 2014. Fayose polled 203,090 votes, beating the incumbent Governor Kayode Fayemi who could only gather 120,433 votes.
The Returning Officer for the 2014 governorship elections and Vice Chancellor of the Federal University of Oye, Ekiti, Professor Isaac Azuzu, announced the results early this morning, June 22, 2014.
Fayose, was governor of Ekiti State from May 29, 2003 to October 16, 2006.
2014 Governorship Election Results for Ekiti State
Constituency: Ekiti State
Election Date: June 21, 2014
Registered Voters: 733766
Accredited Voters: 369257
Total Ballot Papers Used: 360455
Invalid Votes: 10089
Valid Votes: 350366
Any Reported Violence: False
Any Reported Fraud: False
Candidate 1
- Candidate's Name
Ayodele Peter Fayose
- Candidate's Party
- PDP
- Candidate's Votes
- 203090
- Elected?
- True
Candidate 2
- Candidate's Name
John Olukayode Fayemi
- Candidate's Party
- APC
- Candidate's Votes
- 120433
- Elected?
- false
Candidate 3
- Candidate's Name
Bamidele Michael Opeyemi
- Candidate's Party
- LP
- Candidate's Votes
- 18135
- Elected?
- false


Filters are just functions which transform input to an output. However filters need to be Dependency Injected. To achieve this a filter definition consists of a factory function which is annotated with dependencies and is responsible for creating a filter function.
// Filter registration
function MyModule($provide, $filterProvider) {
// create a service to demonstrate injection (not always needed)
$provide.value('greet', function(name){
return 'Hello ' + name + '!';
});
// register a filter factory which uses the
// greet service to demonstrate DI.
$filterProvider.register('greet', function(greet){
// return the filter function which uses the greet service
// to generate salutation
return function(text) {
// filters need to be forgiving so check input validity
return text && greet(text) || text;
};
});
}
The filter function is registered with the $injector
under the filter name suffix with
Filter
.
it('should be the same instance', inject(
function($filterProvider) {
$filterProvider.register('reverse', function(){
return ...;
});
},
function($filter, reverseFilter) {
expect($filter('reverse')).toBe(reverseFilter);
});
For more information about how angular filters work, and how to create your own filters, see Filters in the Angular Developer Guide.
register(name);
| Param | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|
| name | stringObject |
Name of the filter function, or an object map of filters where the keys are the filter names and the values are the filter factories. |
| Object | Registered filter instance, or if a map of filters was provided then a map of the registered filter instances. |


Data sets III - in ASCII format
Each of the original *.gdf files is splitted in several
ASCII files:
- _s.txt: continuous EEG signals. Each line represents
a time point, each column a channel.
- _HDR_TRIG.txt: a vector (length #trials) indicating the start
of trials (in unit sample.
- _HDR_Classlabel.txt: a vector (length #trials) defining the
class labels of all trials. The class label is NaN for test
trials.
- _HDR_ArtifactSelection.txt a vector (length #trials) of
boolean values (0/1), a '1' indicating that the respective trials was
marked as artifact (see description of the original data).
For test sets there are no _StimulusType.txt and no
_TargetCode.txt files.
[ BCI Competition III - download page ]


Spot Addresses
Lets give people an idea of what you will be doing on your adventure. Add the destinations you will be taking travelers


HarvardX: CS50W
HarvardX: CS50W
CS50's Web Programming with Python and JavaScript
Project 0
Project 1


genid
Generate IDs, such as snowflakes, UUIDs, and a new GAID.
More information: home page
- Generate a UUIDv4:
genid uuid
- Generate a UUIDv5 using a namespace UUID and a specific name:
genid uuidv5 {ce598faa-8dd0-49ee-8525-9e24fff71dca} name
- Generate a Discord Snowflake, without a trailing newline (useful in shell scripts):
genid --script snowflake
- Generate a Generic Anonymous ID with a specific "real ID":
genid gaid real_id
- Generate a Snowflake with the epoch set to a specific date:
genid snowflake --epoch=unix_epoch_time


ASP.Net Core Logging
See docs.asp.net
Nuget packages
- "Microsoft.Extensions.Logging"
- One or more loggers:
- "Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console" - console logging.
- "Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.EventLog" - windows events.
- Another CoreFx-compatible logger (Serilog is one: Serilog.Framework.Logging)
Startup
- Startup.Configure: loggerFactory.AddConsole(); or loggerFactory.AddSerilog()
Or configure log filtering eg loggerFactory.AddConsole(LogLevel.Debug) (default is Verbose)
For file logging, take IHostingEnvironment and use the hostEnv.ContentRootPath - You can log in Configure - take argument ILoggerFactory. Use it after AddConsole.
Use
- Either- take argument ILoggerFactory and created a named logger
var logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger("Catchall Endpoint");
//Debug-Verbose (default)-Information-Warning-Error-Critical
logger.LogWarning("Something happened {path}", context.Request.Path); - Or = take argument ILogger<T> where T is probably your classname.
Unit Tests
In a test you will need to provide an ILogger<X>. Provide it with NullLogger<X>.Instance
var validator = new X(NullLogger<X>.Instance);


We're sorry but any-rule doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue.


COFCO International names Luan as new chairman
PARIS, Nov 22 (Reuters) - Grain trading group COFCO International named Richeng Luan as its new chairman, succeeding Jingtao (Johnny) Chi who stood down to join another Chinese state-controlled grain firm.
Luan has served as vice-president of COFCO Corporation, the majority owner of COFCO International, since 2016, responsible for the group's grains and oilseeds, sugar and cotton businesses, COFCO International said in a statement.
He is already chairman of several COFCO subsidiaries including COFCO Trading, China Agri and Chinatex, it added.
Chi stepped down as COFCO International chairman after being appointed last month as general manager of Sinograin, which manages China's state reserves of corn, wheat and soybeans.
He had previously served as COFCO International's chief executive, overseeing the integration of two major overseas acquisitions.
Chi's successor as CEO, Wei (David) Dong, has been appointed vice-chairman of COFCO International, the company added. (Reporting by Gus Trompiz; Editing by Sudip Kar-Gupta)
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