To evaluate Tommy performances, an extensive benchmark was done, comparing it to the best libraries of data structures available:
Specifically we test:
Note that googlelibchash and concurrencykit are not shown in the graphs because they present a lot of spikes. See the Notes the end.
The benchmark consists in storing a set of N pointers to objects and searching them using integer keys.
Compared to the case of mapping integers to integers, mapping pointers to objects means that the pointers are also dereferenced, to simulate the object access, resulting in additional cache misses. This gives an advantage to implementations that store information in the objects itself, as the additional cache misses are already implicit.
The test done are:
The Change, Hit and Miss tests operate always with N objects in the containers. The Insert test starts with an empty container, and the Remove test ends with an empty container. The objects are always dereferenced, as we are supposing to use them. This happens even in the remove case, as we are supposing to deallocate them.
All the objects are preallocated in the heap, and this allocation time is not included in the test.
The objects contain an integer value field used for consistency checks, an unused payload field of 16 bytes, and any other data required by the data structure.
The objects are identified and stored using integer and unique keys. The key domain used is dense, and it's defined by the set of N even numbers starting from 0x80000000 to 0x80000000+2*N.
The use of even numbers allows to have missing keys inside the domain for the Change test. In such tests it's used the key domain defined by the set of N odd numbers starting from 0x80000000+1 to 0x80000000+2*N+1. Note that using additional keys at the corners of the domain would have given an unfair advantage to tries and trees as they implicitly keep track of the maximum and minimum key values inserted.
The use of the 0x80000000 base, allow to test a key domain not necessarily starting at 0. Using a 0 base would have given an unfair advantage to some implementation handling it as a special case.
The tests are repeated using keys in Random mode and in Forward mode. In the forward mode the key values are used in order from the lowest to the highest. In the random mode the key values are used in a completely random order. In the Change test in forward mode, each object is reinserted using the previous key incremented by 1. In random mode each object is reinserted using a completely different and uncorrelated key.
The forward order advantages tries and trees as they use the key directly and they have a cache advantage on using consecutive keys. The random order advantages hashtables, as the hash function already randomizes the key. Usually real uses case are in between, and the random one is the worst.
The most significant tests depend on your data usage model, but if in doubt, you can look at Random Hit and Random Change. They represent the real world worst condition.
In the Random Hit graph you can see a vertical split at the 100.000 elements limit. Before this limit the cache of modern processor is able to contains most of the data, and it allow a very fast access with almost all data structures. After this limit, the number of cache misses is the dominant factor, and the curve depends mainly on the number of cache-miss required.
For rbtree and nedtrie, it's log2(N) as they have two branches on each node, log4(N) for tommy_trie_inplace, log8(N) for tommy_trie and 1 for hashtables. For tommy_trie_inplace and tommy_trie you can change the slope configuring a different number of branches for node.
The Random Change graph confirms the vertical split at the 100.000 elements limit. It also show that hashtables are almost unbeatable with a random access.
Here you can see the whole Random test results in different platforms.
In the Random test, hashtables are almost always winning, seconds are tries, and as last trees.
The best choices are tommy_hashdyn, tommy_hashlin, and googledensehash, with tommy_hashlin having the advantage to be real-time friendly and not increasing the heap fragmentation.
Here you can see the whole Forward test results in different platforms.
In the Forward test, tries are the winners. Hashtables are competitive until the cache limit, then they lose against tries. Trees are the slowest.
The best choices are tommy_trie and tommy_trie_inplace, where tommy_trie is a bit faster, and tommy_trie_inplace doesn't require a custom allocator.
Note that also hashtables are faster in forward order than random. This may seem a bit surprising as the hash function randomizes the access even with consecutive keys. This happens because the objects are allocated in consecutive memory, and accessing them in order, improves the cache utilization, even if the hashed key is random.
Note that you can make hashtables to reach tries performance tweaking the hash function to put near keys allocated nearby. This is possible if you know in advance the distribution of keys. For example, in the benchmark you could use something like:
#define hash(v) tommy_inthash32(v & ~0xF) + (v & 0xF)
and make keys that differ only by the lowest bits to have hashes with the same property, resulting in objects stored nearby, and improving cache utilization.
Here you can see the memory usage of the different data structures.
The compilers used in the benchmark are:
The following is pseudo code of the benchmark used. In this case it's written for the C++ unordered_map.
#define N 10000000 // Number of elements #define PAYLOAD 16 // Size of the object // Basic object inserted in the colletion struct obj { unsigned value; // Key used for searching char payload[PAYLOAD]; }; // Custom hash function to avoid to use the STL one class custom_hash { public: unsigned operator()(unsigned key) const { return tommy_inthash_u32(key); } }; // Map collection from "unsigned" to "pointer to object" typedef std::unordered_map<unsigned, obj*, custom_hash> bag_t; bag_t bag; // Preallocate objects obj* OBJ = new obj[N]; // Keys used for inserting and searching elements unsigned INSERT[N]; unsigned SEARCH[N]; // Initialize the keys for(i=0;i<N;++i) { INSERT[i] = 0x80000000 + i * 2; SEARCH[i] = 0x80000000 + i * 2; } // If random order is required, shuffle the keys with Fisher-Yates // The two key orders are not correlated if (test_random) { std::random_shuffle(INSERT, INSERT + N); std::random_shuffle(SEARCH, SEARCH + N); }
for(i=0;i<N;++i) { // Setup the element to insert unsigned key = INSERT[i]; obj* element = &OBJ[i]; element->value = key; // Insert it bag[key] = element; }
for(i=0;i<N;++i) { // Search the element unsigned key = SEARCH[i]; bag_t::iterator j = bag.find(key); if (j == bag.end()) abort(); // Remove it obj* element = j->second; bag.erase(j); // Reinsert the element with a new key // Use +1 in the key to ensure that the new key is unique key = INSERT[i] + 1; element->value = key; bag[key] = element; }
for(i=0;i<N;++i) { // Search the element // Use a different key order than insertion // Use +1 in the key because we run after the "Change" test unsigned key = SEARCH[i] + 1; bag_t::const_iterator j = bag.find(key); if (j == bag.end()) abort(); // Ensure that it's the correct element. // This operation is like using the object after finding it, // and likely involves a cache-miss operation. obj* element = j->second; if (element->value != key) abort(); }
for(i=0;i<N;++i) { // Search the element // All the keys are now shifted by +1 by the "Change" test, and we'll find nothing unsigned key = SEARCH[i]; bag_t::const_iterator j = bag.find(key); if (j != bag.end()) abort(); }
for(i=0;i<N;++i) { // Search the element // Use +1 in the key because we run after the "Change" test unsigned key = SEARCH[i] + 1; bag_t::iterator j = bag.find(key); if (j == bag.end()) abort(); // Remove it bag.erase(j); // Ensure that it's the correct element. obj* element = j->second; if (element->value != key) abort(); }
Here some links to other performance comparison:
Comparison of Hash Table Libraries
Here some notes about the data structure tested not part of Tommy.
It's the C implementation located in the experimental/ directory of the googlesparsehash archive. It has very bad performances in the Change test for some N values. See this graph with a lot of spikes. The C++ version doesn't suffer of this problem.
It doesn't release memory on deletion. To avoid an unfair advantage in the Remove test, we force a periodic resize calling resize(0) after any deallocation. The resize is executed when the load factor is lower than 20%.
It doesn't release memory on deletion. This gives an unfair advantage on the Remove test.
I've found a crash bug when inserting keys with the 0 value. The fix of this issue is now in the nedtries github. We do not use the C++ implementation as it doesn't compile with gcc 4.4.3.
Sometimes it has bad performances in some specific platform and for some specific input data size. This makes difficult to predict the performance, as it is usually good until you get one of these cases. See for example this graph with a big replicable spike at 50.000 elements.
It has very bad performances in the Change test for some N values. See this graph with a lot of spikes.


The goal of ActionOutlet
is to provide an easy API to build dynamic menus on runtime and have the possibility to get notified for each and every change, that happens to any particular action in the menu (e.g. Title change, icon change, disabled state, ...).
The most natural use case is when back-end is in charge over the visibility of actions and menus of the front-end application (e.g. hide/show actions based on permissions).
DEMO 1 Basic
DEMO 2 Advanced
ng-action-outlet
You can use either npm or yarn command-line tool.
Choose the tool that is appropriate for your project.
npm install @ng-action-outlet/core
yarn add @ng-action-outlet/core
ActionOutletModule
Import Action Outlet NgModule to your Angular module
import { ActionOutletModule } from '@ng-action-outlet/core';
@NgModule({
...
imports: [ActionOutletModule],
...
})
export class ExampleModule { }
Use providers to set default components for each action to be used for rendering.
Provide action class and use value pointing to your component class,
so that action outlet can associate component to provided action.
import { ActionOutletModule, ActionButton, ActionGroup, ActionToggle } from '@ng-action-outlet/core';
import { ExampleButtonComponent } from './example-button.component';
import { ExampleGroupComponent } from './example-group.component';
import { ExampleToggleComponent } from './example-toggle.component';
@NgModule({
...
imports: [ActionOutletModule],
providers: [{
provide: ActionButton,
useValue: ExampleButtonComponent
}, {
provide: ActionGroup,
useValue: ExampleGroupComponent
}, {
provide: ActionToggle,
useValue: ExampleToggleComponent
}]
...
})
export class ExampleModule { }
In order to override your default settings, do the same as initially in a module,
but only for actions that you actually wish to change.
import { ActionToggle } from '@ng-action-outlet/core';
import { ExampleCheckboxComponent } from './example-checkbox.component';
@Component({
...
providers: [{
provide: ActionToggle,
useValue: ExampleCheckboxComponent
}]
...
})
export class ExampleComponent { }
Create actions in a component class so that they can be accessed from the template.
import { ActionOutletFactory } from '@ng-action-outlet/core';
@Component(...)
export class ExampleComponent implements OnInit {
...
group: ActionGroup;
constructor(private actionOutlet: ActionOutletFactory) { }
ngOnInit() {
this.group = this.actionOutlet.createGroup();
this.group.createToggle()
.setTitle('Example title')
.check();
}
...
}
Bind created actions to actionOutlet
renderer directive.
<ng-container *actionOutlet="group"></ng-container>
In order to create custom action class, refer to ActionAbstract class.


Avast Safezone Browser Free Download And Review Softwarebattle
Is Avast Safe Zone Browser Safe To Use Download Install
Avast Safezone Browser Free Download Fastpowerbright
Everything You Should Know About Avast Safezone Browser Worthgram
Avast Makes Safezone Browser Available To Free Version Users As Well
Avast Safezone Browser Download Free Not Responding
Avast Secure Browser 81 0 4133 130 Free Download Latest Version
Avast Discontinues Safezone Browser
Avast Secure Browser Is It Worth Installing
Avast Secure Browser 71 0 1037 99 Product Keys And Crack Free 2019 Download Productkey
Avast Safezone Browser Download
Avast Browser Download Avast Safe Zone Browser Download Hd Png Download Vhv
Avast Safezone Browser Download Free Itechgyan
Avast Secure Browser Free Download Browser Avast Internet Mediaplayer Vlc Antivirus Audio Media Fast Internet Free Download Browser
Avast Safezone Browser Download For Free Installation Guide Not Responding
Is Avast Safezone Browser Best For 2021 Review And Free Download Infotech Tx
Download Avast Secure Browser For Windows 69 1 852 101
Avast Safezone Browser Will Not Open Peatix
Avast Secure Browser 77 1 1831 91 Download For Pc Free
Avast Safezone Browser Not Working Here S What You Should Do Gadget Advisor
Secure Your Business By Using The Avast Safezone Browser Download For Free In 2019
What Is Safezone Browser Silver Software Distribution
How To Download And Install Avast Safezone Browser On Pc Windows 10 8 7 Youtube
Avast Safezone Browser Free Download Windows 10 Free Apps Windows 10 Free Apps
Installing Avast Secure Browser Avast
Is Avast Safezone Browser Best For 2021 Review And Free Download
Xikjelh45bp6em


Mart
Home
About us
Page
Shop
Blog
Contact us
Affordable Paris Tours
city tours / tour tickets / tour guides
New collection
add to cart
Blue T-shirt
$26
add to cart
Woman shirt
$31
add to cart
Yellow T-shirt
$21
add to cart
Cool lingerie
$56


Collection
The Priority School Building Programme (PSBP) is addressing the needs of schools most in need of urgent repair.
This collection gives information about the 2 parts of the Priority School Building Programme (PSBP): PSBP 1 and PSBP 2.
These documents give information about PSBP 1. 214 schools are being delivered using capital funding and 46 schools are being delivered using private finance funding.
Any suppliers with relevant products or services should contact the contractors directly.
Updates on opportunities for bidders, project news and details of each batch within the private finance projects of the first phase of PSBP 1.
PSBP 2 is a capital funded project, which will undertake rebuilding and refurbishment projects across 277 schools from 2015 to 2021.
Any suppliers with relevant products or services should contact the contractors directly.
Published: 12 March 2014
Updated: 7 August 2015
From: Education Funding Agency
Part of: School building and maintenance


power_settings_new
Processing CSV
Fail to create, recheck your details
Manifold Visualization
Statistical Visualization
www.huseinhouse.com
menu
Forecasting Visualization
Visualize on any historical timestamp data-set
Upload CSV
Historical rolling
Future count
Visualize


priority=0.0 type=normalBase description=This page is not from the menu ~~~~~~
You can download Drools from the download page.
You have reached a page which is not from the top menu, you might consider starting from the download, and navigate using the top menu from there.
If you have navigated here from another website, search result, other resource, or you believe there is an issue with our website, please let us know (including the URL which led you here) and we'll fix it.


Are you sure you wish to mark this elecion as closed? If you do, no further votes can be cast! Be advised: When you close the election, the monitors will be advised and have their final checksums sent. Close election!


This is the paragraph where you can write more details about your product. Keep you user engaged by providing meaningful information. Remember that by this time, the user is curious, otherwise he wouldn't scroll to get here. Add a button if you want the user to see more.
Teamwork is so important that it is virtually impossible for you to reach the heights of your capabilities or make the money that you want without becoming very good at it.
A group becomes a team when each member is sure enough of himself and his contribution to praise the skill of the others. No one can whistle a symphony. It takes an orchestra to play it.
The strength of the team is each individual member. The strength of each member is the team. If you can laugh together, you can work together, silence isn’t golden, it’s deadly.


|
PMDK C++ bindings
1.2.0
This is the C++ bindings documentation for PMDK's libpmemobj.
|
Persistent smart pointer. More...
#include <cassert>
#include <limits>
#include <memory>
#include <ostream>
#include <libpmemobj++/detail/common.hpp>
#include <libpmemobj++/detail/persistent_ptr_base.hpp>
#include <libpmemobj++/detail/specialization.hpp>
#include <libpmemobj++/pool.hpp>
#include <libpmemobj.h>
Go to the source code of this file.
Classes | |
| class | pmem::obj::pool< T > |
| PMEMobj pool class. More... | |
| class | pmem::obj::persistent_ptr< T > |
| Persistent pointer class. More... | |
| class | pmem::obj::persistent_ptr< T > |
| Persistent pointer class. More... | |
Functions | |
| template<class T > | |
| void | pmem::obj::swap (persistent_ptr< T > &a, persistent_ptr< T > &b) |
| Swaps two persistent_ptr objects of the same type. More... | |
| template<typename T , typename Y > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator== (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, persistent_ptr< Y > const &rhs) noexcept |
| Equality operator. More... | |
| template<typename T , typename Y > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator!= (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, persistent_ptr< Y > const &rhs) noexcept |
| Inequality operator. | |
| template<typename T > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator== (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, std::nullptr_t) noexcept |
| Equality operator with nullptr. | |
| template<typename T > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator== (std::nullptr_t, persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs) noexcept |
| Equality operator with nullptr. | |
| template<typename T > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator!= (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, std::nullptr_t) noexcept |
| Inequality operator with nullptr. | |
| template<typename T > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator!= (std::nullptr_t, persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs) noexcept |
| Inequality operator with nullptr. | |
| template<typename T , typename Y > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator< (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, persistent_ptr< Y > const &rhs) noexcept |
| Less than operator. More... | |
| template<typename T , typename Y > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator<= (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, persistent_ptr< Y > const &rhs) noexcept |
| Less or equal than operator. More... | |
| template<typename T , typename Y > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator> (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, persistent_ptr< Y > const &rhs) noexcept |
| Greater than operator. More... | |
| template<typename T , typename Y > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator>= (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, persistent_ptr< Y > const &rhs) noexcept |
| Greater or equal than operator. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator< (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, std::nullptr_t) noexcept |
| Compare a persistent_ptr with a null pointer. | |
| template<typename T > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator< (std::nullptr_t, persistent_ptr< T > const &rhs) noexcept |
| Compare a persistent_ptr with a null pointer. | |
| template<typename T > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator<= (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, std::nullptr_t) noexcept |
| Compare a persistent_ptr with a null pointer. | |
| template<typename T > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator<= (std::nullptr_t, persistent_ptr< T > const &rhs) noexcept |
| Compare a persistent_ptr with a null pointer. | |
| template<typename T > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator> (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, std::nullptr_t) noexcept |
| Compare a persistent_ptr with a null pointer. | |
| template<typename T > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator> (std::nullptr_t, persistent_ptr< T > const &rhs) noexcept |
| Compare a persistent_ptr with a null pointer. | |
| template<typename T > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator>= (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, std::nullptr_t) noexcept |
| Compare a persistent_ptr with a null pointer. | |
| template<typename T > | |
| bool | pmem::obj::operator>= (std::nullptr_t, persistent_ptr< T > const &rhs) noexcept |
| Compare a persistent_ptr with a null pointer. | |
| template<typename T > | |
| persistent_ptr< T > | pmem::obj::operator+ (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, std::ptrdiff_t s) |
| Addition operator for persistent pointers. | |
| template<typename T > | |
| persistent_ptr< T > | pmem::obj::operator- (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, std::ptrdiff_t s) |
| Subtraction operator for persistent pointers. | |
| template<typename T , typename Y , typename = typename std::enable_if< std::is_same<typename std::remove_cv<T>::type, typename std::remove_cv<Y>::type>::value>> | |
| ptrdiff_t | pmem::obj::operator- (persistent_ptr< T > const &lhs, persistent_ptr< Y > const &rhs) |
| Subtraction operator for persistent pointers of identical type. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| std::ostream & | pmem::obj::operator<< (std::ostream &os, persistent_ptr< T > const &pptr) |
| Ostream operator for the persistent pointer. | |
Persistent smart pointer.
|
inline |
Subtraction operator for persistent pointers of identical type.
Calculates the offset difference of PMEMoids in terms of represented objects. Calculating the difference of pointers from objects of different pools is not allowed.
|
inlinenoexcept |
Less than operator.
|
inlinenoexcept |
Less or equal than operator.
See less than operator for comparison rules.
|
inlinenoexcept |
Equality operator.
This checks if underlying PMEMoids are equal.
|
inlinenoexcept |
Greater than operator.
See less than operator for comparison rules.
|
inlinenoexcept |
Greater or equal than operator.
See less than operator for comparison rules.
|
inline |
Swaps two persistent_ptr objects of the same type.
Non-member swap function as required by Swappable concept. en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/Swappable


oil acid sea buckthorn sea-buckthorn skin Hippophae rhamnoides acids fatty L.) Food content Sea-buckthorn Chem used vitamin fruit mg% berries seed effect properties {border-style oils px;} #ffffff;} treatment Sea carotenoids cosmetic wt.% Agric Yang contains Sci effects antioxidant seeds Buckthorn Kallio health human pulp active extraction plant skin, Fatty Nutr berry composition high ingredients oil, omega- protects reduces unsaturated vegetable water wound (omega-) C:, Kim acids, compounds different disease extracted function healing juice loss natural obtained process px; substances {font-family Eng GLA Health acid, blood chemical cold common component epidermis font-size gamma-linolenic improves lipids products regeneration rhamnoides) risk significant supports unique (Hippophaë ./s--- Composition Kumar Lee Table Vegetable appropriate body carbon cardiovascular care cholesterol contained development diseases double; form harvesting industry layer linolic lipid number origins source strengthens synthesis tocopherols total transepidermal various wt.%) (up .–. Effects Lipids Moreover, Wang alpha-linolenic beneficial border-color border-width cell changes contain extract flavones fruits functioning ingredient intercellular leaves lowers mg/ particular phenolic proper proved rats role saturated solid; ulcer vitamins {font-style {font-weight (approx. ./j.foodchem... Antioxidant Biochem Clin Common Gupta Int Linolic Mol National Pal Park Sawhney Singh Vitamin adjunctive affects application approx. barrier bioactive bold complex courier; dioxide dry elasticity em; ensure epidermis, essential excessive film flavonoids food functions group hair harmful healthy hydration i.e. importance important including inflammation known level metabolic mixture palmitooleic phospholipids phospholipids, play presence pressing prevents processing properties, provide pt;} range reduce regenerative removes result review small supplements tocopherols, valuable value wt.%),


Let us now learn more about the 5 on page SEO techniques for better rankings
Now that we already justified the difference between the on page seo and off page seo, let's now move on to the practical part.
There are many on page SEO techniques and not only 5, but for the purpose of this post, I will only explain the most/absolute setting you have to apply on your website today.
1. Content comes first
A website with brilliant content can do great with or without SEO, a website with bad content will not survive with or without SEO, a website with good content can become even better with SEO!
2. Page title, description and formatting
This is SEO 101 yet critical for on-page SEO. At the point when web crawlers are "perusing" your pages, among the things, they check the page title, the portrayal of the page, the headings and substance (content, recordings and pictures).
Page titles - Each page must have a unique title that will help both search engines and users understand what the page is about. A page with title “On Page SEO Tips” is better than a page with title “index.html”.
Descriptions - The page description is what the searcher will see in the search engine results page. It has to be descriptive, up to 150 characters and unique for each page.
Formatting - A page needs to be properly formatted. Think of it like a report which needs to have a heading (h1) and sub headings (h2).
Images - Images are important for presentation purposes but they should not increase the loading time of the website. Best practices for using images:
- Use original images. If you need to use an existing image from the web you need to reference the source.
- Use an ALT tag to describe the image – This helps search engines understand what the image is about.
- Optimise the size of the images – the smaller the size (in bytes) of the image the better.
3. URL Structure
The URL structure is an important part of on-page SEO. Whenever I talk about URL structure, I prefer to split it into 4 major parts:
Permanent links - A permanent link is the unique URL of each page. Good URLs should be less than 255 characters and use hyphens to ‘-‘separate the different parts
For example a good URL is: http://backlinko.com/on-page-seo
A bad URL is:https://www.reliablesoft.net/p?165 or
https://www.reliablesoft.net/seotipsforbeginners/ or
https://www.reliablesoft.net/123131/publish/data2/seo_Tips.html
4. Internal Linking
Linking to pages within your website is very important for SEO because:
It’s a way to let search engines know about your other pages: As explained above when search engines find a page with links, they will go and read those pages too, so you can use this technique to tell search engines about pages of your website they have not yet discovered.
It’s a way to tell search engines which are your most important pages:Every website has some pages that are more important than others. Internal linking is one of the ways to pinpoint the most important pages by sending them more internal links.
Best practices for internal linking:
- Add internal links when they are useful for your reader
- Don’t use keywords only for your internal links
- No more than 15 internal links per page (this is my opinion and not based on any research or studies)
5. Speed and Mobile
Last but not least, 2 SEO techniques that are becoming more and more important are Speed and Mobile friendliness.
Speed: Google is investing a huge amount of money to make the web faster. In every Google I/O someone will talk about the importance of speed and their desire to include the fastest websites in their index.
Mobile Friendly: Almost 60% of the searches in Google are now coming from mobile devices (Updated December 2016).
Let's now proceed to the off page techniques
There are lots of off page tecniques but I'll just specify 5 guides for off-page technique.
1: Create a 10x product or service
When your product or service is recognized as the best in its class, your job as SEO becomes much, much easier.
That’s because both online and offline, people are likely saying great things about the product and brand, which leads to visits to your website, positive reviews on third-party sites, and increased sales of the product.
2: Customer service
It’s not hard to imagine how poor customer service has made the brand’s SEO and PR teams’ reputation management efforts a nightmare
3: Focus on web searches's intent
Turns out the old cliche that “you attract more flies with honey than vinegar” is very relevant to SEO. People are typically more willing to buy and use your products and services if they can first find them.
4: Having a responsive social media presence
After using Google Autosuggest to find the answer, they’re likely to visit social media to learn more, ask questions, and interact with their friends, family members, and acquaintances
It’s much easier than most brands think, too:
- Be there: If you have a social media account, make sure someone is monitoring it and can answer questions and respond to comments in a timely fashion.
- Be human: People online expect genuine interaction, not robotic responses or constant brand promotion.
- Be proactive:
As you can see, the price of unresponsiveness on social media negatively impacts far more than SEO:
5. Build connections with social media/online influencers
When people say “Social media does nothing for my brand,” most SEOs must think, “Oh, but how wrong you are.”
Whether it’s the largely unmeasurable dark traffic social sends to your site or the connections with a base of people who could be customers or supporters at some point, social media can be an asset for any brand, if used wisely.


Modular
Create simple components and combine them into more complex ones. The virtual DOM takes care of efficiently updating the HTML when a component's props change.
@composi/core is small, barely 2KB. It has three main functions: h, render and run. And three lifecycle events: onmount, onupdate and onunmount.
Declarative
Define your component markup with JSX, or Hyperscript.
Everything is just JavaScript. You can use JavaScript inside your render functions.
No need for special markup syntax or directives.
Reusable
Functional components and runtime programs encapsulate their behavior and properties, so you can reuse them even in other applications.
Render default HTML on the server and bring everything to life at load time with Composi.
@composi/core
The core provides support for functional components just like React, using JSX. There is a render function
for injecting content into the DOM: render(<Component />, document.body)
. You use it the
same way you use the ReactDOM.render function. Unlike React, function components come with support for
three lifecycle hooks. These are implemented as props so you can track any element as it mounts, updates
and unmounts. No need for camel case events or special attributes like React does. Use normal HTML
attributes. You can use JSX for components, but you don't have to use odd attribute names. React requires
className
, onClick
, etc. With @composi/core you use normal HTML attributes: class
,
onclick
, etc. If you want to use innerHTML, it is just a normal HTML attribute that accepts a
string. We do expect you to be aware of the security implications of using it.
@composi/core runtime
Core also provides state management for functional components through its runtime. Inspired by the Elm architecture, the runtime is based on the pattern of SVU-State, View and Update. State can be any valid JavaScript type. View is a function that returns a representation of the state. Update is like a simplified version of Redux, but without all the boilerplate. The runtime also provides a way to deal with effects. Runtime programs support composition as well, with communication between parent and child through effects.
In just 2KB, @composi/core with the runtime provides the same functionality as React functional
components, but with Redux-like state management. @composi/core does not need shouldComponentUpdate
,
etc. It checks props and automatically bails if they have not changed.
Type Safe JavaScript
Composi comes fully typed using JSDoc comments. When you use create-composi-app
to make a new project, it comes set up to provide you with automatic type checking. It does this by running the TypeScript language service in the background to parse the JavaScript files and understand the types based on its JSDoc comment. If you already know how to write comments with JSDoc, you add type coveage for the code you write.
A Simple Functional Component
Use render
to inject markup into the DOM. This takes a functional component to convert to
HTML and a container to inject in.
See the Pen @composi/core - Hello World by Robert Biggs (@rbiggs) on CodePen.
Updating a Component
You can update a functional component by rendering it with a new value for its props.
In this example we're updating the component every second until 100. We use the lifecycle method onmount
to start the tick
method.
See the Pen @composi/core - timer by Robert Biggs (@rbiggs) on CodePen.
A Todo List
Here we put together a todo list with core and runtime for state management, along with tagged unions for simpler update actions and messaging. List items and their children inherit state through props passed down from their parent. Child components communicate with their parent through messages.
Inline events handle user interactions. All todos are saved to localStorage. On reloads, the saved items are used.
Animations are implemented using onmount and onunmount lifecycle events.
See the Pen @composi/core - runtime Todo List by Robert Biggs (@rbiggs) on CodePen.
A Calculator
Here is a simple calculator implemented with @composi/core and @composi/datastore. The parent component manages events for all the subcomponents. This component has many custom methods for handling all the Math computations, etc.
See the Pen @composi/core Mac Calculator by Robert Biggs (@rbiggs) on CodePen.
An Image Browser with Popup
This uses @composi/core with the runtime and a tagged union for state management. It grabs images from Flickr. You can click on an image to get a closer look. Clicking again will close it.
When you click on the "10 More" button, its sends a message to the program update function, which fetches 10 more images and returns the new state to re-render the view.
See the Pen @composi/core Image Browser with runtime & tagged unions by Robert Biggs (@rbiggs) on CodePen.
SVG Animation
Here we're using D3 to animate a Pythagoras tree using Composi's virtual DOM to update the SVG in real time. Move the cursor over the panel. As you do so, upto 2,000 rectanges will be created, animated and destroyed in real time based on the cursor position. This shows how efficient Composi's virtual DOM is.
You can use many third-party libraries and frameworks with Composi, such a Redux, Mobx, RxJS, Lodash, Bootstrap, Material Design Lite, etc.
See the Pen @composi/core Pythagoras Dancing Tree by Robert Biggs (@rbiggs) on CodePen.
Dynamic Counters
This is a functional component that generates keyed counters. It uses the runtime along with a tagged union for state management. This is similar to how the todo app is implemented above. Each counter occupies a keyed list item. This makes it more efficient for deleting random counters from the list.
Each counter has the events and functionality it needs to act like an independent component. In reality they are just part of a larger, all-encomposing component.
We're also using the Fragment
tag to generate a group of sibling elements--the buttons that
constitute the counter.
See the Pen @composi/core --Counters with Runtime by Robert Biggs (@rbiggs) on CodePen.


White Tailed Deer, Wild Turkey & More
This land was bought by Peabody Coal in 1934: it served them well as a source of bituminous thermal coal until 1987 when it was decommissioned. Upon being decommissioned, the land underwent a reclamation process which lasted 10 years; subsequently the land was divided into three sections and put up for auction.
One of these sections was bought by Williams Land & Property LLC, a family-owned business that specializes in land aquisition in Southern Illinois. Eventually it was purchased by John Williams, a member of Williams Land & Property LLC. This land became Brushy Creek Farms.
Today Brushy Creek Farms is an 87 acre game reserve. The terrain consists of hardwood forest, brushy meadows, and farmed fields. It is here that you will find wild populations of white tailed deer, wild turkeys, northern bobwhite quail, bobcats and even the occasional mountain lion.
Shotgun, bow & muzzleloader
Enjoy the lake while you are here
Miles of trails
Stay the night & hunt for multiple days
Have questions? Want to check rates & availability? Send us a messages and we will get back to you as soon as possible!


Click here to download this week's dataset as a CSV
Click here to download this week's dataset as a Hyper Extract
Historical Background
Over the last month or so, tents have been popping up around town. That could only mean one of two things - either the circus is in town, or it's fireworks season. Finally, this weekend, the walls came down, and inside the tents, you can see box upon box of brightly colored novelties that exist to be blown up for our fascination. For the next two weeks or so, the evening will be punctuated with the sound of mortars, bottle rockets and firecrackers.
Fireworks as we know them originate in China, tracing their roots all the way back to some time between the seventh and tenth centuries, when bamboo shoots (that had been used as primitive pyrotechnics since the second century BCE) were filled with mixtures of gunpowder, metal shavings and other chemicals. So, by the time fireworks made their debut as part of our Independence Day celebrations, they had been around for quite some time. Let's focus on the history of fireworks in America, though.
The first Fourth of July celebration occurred on July 4, 1777, while the infant United States was still engaged in the Revolutionary War with the British. On the evening of the fourth in Philadelphia, a fireworks display capped off a day of celebration that had included a parade, musical celebrations, the decoration of ships in the harbor in red, white & blue and the firing of cannons - one shot for each state in the Union. Over time, the celebrations would become more refined, with fireworks nearly completely replacing the cannon shots. Regardless, the foundation for the traditional celebration of Independence Day was set.
Fireworks are indelibly linked with the Fourth, but their magnificence and grandeur have made their use more mainstream. From concerts, to Walt Disney World, to the Super Bowl, to baseball stadiums in celebration of a home run, fireworks have become a major industry in the United States. This week, we're looking at annualized numbers for the sale, consumption and injuries from fireworks. This should be a fun, very simple dataset to visualize, and I think some of the data insights might be a bit surprising.
Going forward, we're moving the release of our weekly dataset to Monday. With this dataset and some extra time, what kind of explosive insights can you find? Take some time, and post your viz to Tableau Public, and Twitter with the hashtag #ThrowbackThursday, tagging @TThrowbackThurs.
Data Source
The dataset this week was sourced from The American Pyrotechnics Association. Please be sure to cite the source on your viz.


--- title: Press layout: fullpage lang: en ref: presse first_image: https://ursulagraber.files.wordpress.com/2021/12/woman-hood-edi-haberl-80_38.jpg ---
...That's also her motto on stage: plunge into adventure and experiment.
(Verena Schaupp, Kleine Zeitung)
The ability to transform is (...) probably in Ursula Graber’s genes.
(Eveline Koberg, crítica de danza)
I have rarely encountered so much playful carefreeness and curiosity in
a dancer. Of course, this joy and desire are in stark contrast to the
content to which she boldly and courageously turns in her stage works
and performances. (...) Her performances sparkle with refreshing
naturalness, the skills are superbly mastered, including a perfect
dance technique.
…And all this with a wink and a crazy strong sense of humor, which
Ursula Graber knows how to use masterfully.
(Mona May, artista, autora, creadora de teatro y danza)
About Woman Hood:
...Graber examines the feminine and the masculine in this ravishingly
expressively danced solo and finds scratchy, self-confident femininity
beyond the usual images, which multiplies on the screen behind her:
complexity without fragmentation, what a great picture. The fact that
the performance is also fun is a big bonus point.
(Ute Baumhackl, Kleine Zeitung)
{% include video-embed-responsive.html url='https://www.youtube.com/embed/macMcG5W6MU' %}
{% include video-embed-responsive.html url='https://www.youtube.com/embed/18vzOVDHxZc' %}


Specifies the access key assigned to your SmartBear account. The key will be used for licensing TestComplete/TestExecute instances that will run the tests.
To get the access key, login to the SmartBear License Management system at manage.smartbear.com with your SmartBear account and then click User > Access Key at the top right of the page.
Add the access key to the Credentials storage in Jenkins. Use the secret text credential type to store the key value.


US State Legislatures by
Loading
in
Loading
Select a Metric:
Size
Percent Male
Percent Female
Percent Democrat
Percent Republican
Select a Year (2009 to 2016):
Year Player:
Top Legislatures by
Loading
in
Loading
State Name
Loading
Loading
Loading
Loading
Loading
Loading
Loading
Bottom Legislatures by
Loading
in
Loading
State Name
Loading
Loading
Loading
Loading
Loading
Loading
Loading


Demo!!
Your browser does not have support for canvas.
Your browser does not have support for canvas.
Your browser does not have support for canvas.


This program is an example of how to hide rows and columns in XlsxWriter.
An individual row can be hidden using the set_row() method:
worksheet.set_row(0, None, None, {'hidden': True})
However, in order to hide a large number of rows, for example all the rows after row 8, we need to use an Excel optimisation to hide rows without setting each one, (of approximately 1 million rows). To do this we use the set_default_row() method.
Columns don’t require this optimisation and can be hidden using set_column().
###############################################################################
#
# Example of how to hide rows and columns in XlsxWriter. In order to
# hide rows without setting each one, (of approximately 1 million rows),
# Excel uses an optimisation to hide all rows that don't have data.
#
# Copyright 2013, John McNamara<EMAIL_ADDRESS>#
from xlsxwriter.workbook import Workbook
workbook = Workbook('hide_row_col.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# Write some data.
worksheet.write('D1', 'Some hidden columns.')
worksheet.write('A8', 'Some hidden rows.')
# Hide all rows without data.
worksheet.set_default_row(hide_unused_rows=True)
# Set the height of empty rows that we do want to display even if it is
# the default height.
for row in range(1, 7):
worksheet.set_row(row, 15)
# Columns can be hidden explicitly. This doesn't increase the file size..
worksheet.set_column('G:XFD', None, None, {'hidden': True})
workbook.close()


JSON Schema
This documentation only applies to Manatee.Json version 10 and later. To work with JSON Schema in previous Manatee.Json versions, please refer to the legacy JSON Schema page.
The occasion may arise when you wish to validate that a JSON object is in the correct form (has the appropriate keys and the right types of values). Enter JSON Schema. Much like XML Schema with XML, JSON Schema defines a pattern for JSON data. A JSON Schema validator can verify that a given JSON object meets the requirements as defined by the JSON Schema. This validation can come in handy as a precursor step before deserializing.
More information about JSON Schema can be found at json-schema.org.
To support JSON Schema, Manatee.Json exposes the JsonSchema
type. This type is implemented as a list of keywords, each of which correspond to one of the keywords defined in the JSON Schema specifications.
Drafts
There are currently four active drafts of the JSON Schema specification:
- Draft-03
- Draft-04
- Draft-06
- Draft-07
Draft-08 is currently in progress and due out soon!
Manatee.Json supports draft-04 and later.
Meta-schemas
Each draft defines a meta-schema. This is a special JSON Schema that describes all of the keywords available for that draft. They are intended to be used to validate other schemas. Usually, a schema will declare the draft it should adhere to using the $schema
keyword.
Manatee.Json declares the meta-schemas for draft-04, draft-06, and draft-07 as members of the MetaSchemas
static class.
Keywords
JSON Schema is expressed as a collection of keywords, each of which provides a specific constraint on a JSON instance. For example, the type
keyword specifies what type of data an instance may be, whereas the minimum
keyword specifies a minimum numeric value for numeric data. These keywords can be combined to express the expected shape of any JSON instance. Once defined, the schema validates the instance, providing feedback on errors that occurred, including what and where the error occurred.
Building a schema
There are two options when building a schema: defining it inline using the object model and defining it externally and deserializing. Which method you use depends on your specific requirements.
Deserialization
Manatee.Json schemas are fully serializable using the default serializer settings. Just create a new JsonSerializer
and deserialize as you would any other object.
var serializer = new JsonSerializer();
var text = File.ReadAllText("mySchema.json");
var json = JsonValue.Parse(text);
var mySchema = serializer.Deserialize<JsonSchema>(json);
Done.
Inline
To build a schema inline, you can either declare all of the keywords individually and add them to a JsonSchema
instance:
{
"properties":{
"myProperty":{
"type":"string",
"minLength":10
}
},
"required":["myProperty"]
}
var schema = new JsonSchema {
new PropertiesKeyword {
["myProperty"] = new JsonSchema {
new TypeKeyword(JsonSchemaType.String),
new MinLengthKeyword(10)
}
},
new RequiredKeyword{ "myProperty" }
};
or you can use the fluent interface:
var schema = new JsonSchema()
.Property("myProperty", new JsonSchema()
.Type(JsonSchemaType.String),
.MinLength(10))
.Required("myProperty");
NOTE The meta-schemas mentioned above are declared using the fluent syntax.
Validation & annotations
Validating the schema itself
Because the JsonSchema
class will accept any keyword, and some keywords are only supported by specific drafts, it may be important to ensure that the schema that's created is valid against one of the drafts.
To ensure that this is the case, call the ValidateSchema()
method. This will analyze all of the keywords and report on whether they are all compatible.
The results object is an instance of MetaSchemaValidationResults
which exposes the following properties:
IsValid
simply indicates a pass/failSupportedVersions
indicates the JSON Schema draft versions that this schema passes.MetaSchemaValidations
is a dictionary, keyed by schema ID strings, that contains validation results for those schemas. Typically the keys will be the IDs of the draft meta-schemas, but could be the ID of any schema.OtherErrors
is a list of strings to support other errors that may result outside of those produced by meta-schema validations.
Validating instances
JsonSchema
exposes a Validate(JsonValue)
method which is used to validate incoming JSON values. Let's begin with the schema from above and a few JSON objects:
{
"properties":{
"myProperty":{
"type":"string",
"minLength":10
}
},
"required":["myProperty"]
}
{}
{"myProperty":false}
{"myProperty":"some string"}
{"otherProperty":35.4}
"nonObject"
To validate these, all we have to do is pass these into our schema's Validate(JsonValue)
method.
var schema = GetSchema(); // defines the schema we created above.
var emptyJson = new JsonObject();
var booleanJson = new JsonObject { {"myProperty", false} };
var stringJson = new JsonObject { {"myProperty", "some string"} };
var shortJson = new JsonObject { {"myProperty", "short"} };
var numberJson = new JsonObject { {"otherProperty", 35.4} };
var nonObject = (JsonValue)"nonObject";
var emptyResults = schema.Validate(emptyJson);
var booleanResults = schema.Validate(booleanJson);
var stringResults = schema.Validate(stringJson);
var numberResults = schema.Validate(numberJson);
var nonObjectResults = schame.Validate(nonObject);
The various results objects are of type SchemaValidationResults
. More information about the results object can be found in the next section.
In the above example, the following would be reported:
emptyJson
andnumberJson
failed because"myProperty"
was not found.booleanJson
failed because the value of"myProperty"
is of the wrong type.stringJson
passed validation.shortJson
failed because the value of"myProperty"
was too short.nonObject
also passed validation becauseproperties
andrequired
ignore non-object JSON.
Validation results
Planned for JSON Schema draft-08 is a standardized format for validation output in order to support cross-platform and cross-implementation compatibility. The format is described in this GitHub issue. This includes support for both errors and annotation collection.
In summary, there are four levels of verbosity for output: Basic, List, Hierarchy, and Verbose Hierarchy.
Basic will simply return a boolean value indicating a pass/fail result. All other formats include JSON Pointers and URIs to indicate the source of the errors or annotations that were produced.
A list output reduces all of the errors to a flat list.
The hierarchical views mirror the structure of the schema. The verbose one copies this structure exactly, whereas the standard hierarchy will condense the results where possible.
The default output format is the condensed hierarchy, but this can be configured via the JsonSchemaOptions.OutputFormat
static property.
NOTE It's only possible to translate from a more detailed to a less detailed format.
Examples of output
Verbose Hierarchy
{
"valid" : false,
"keywordLocation" : "#",
"instanceLocation" : "#",
"errors" : [
{
"valid" : false,
"keywordLocation" : "#/allOf",
"instanceLocation" : "#",
"keyword" : "allOf",
"errors" : [
{
"valid" : false,
"keywordLocation" : "#/allOf/0",
"instanceLocation" : "#",
"errors" : [
{
"valid" : false,
"keywordLocation" : "#/allOf/0/type",
"instanceLocation" : "#",
"keyword" : "type",
"additionalInfo" : {
"expected" : "array",
"actual" : "object"
}
}
]
},
{
"valid" : false,
"keywordLocation" : "#/allOf/1",
"instanceLocation" : "#",
"errors" : [
{
"valid" : false,
"keywordLocation" : "#/allOf/1/type",
"instanceLocation" : "#",
"keyword" : "type",
"additionalInfo" : {
"expected" : "number",
"actual" : "object"
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
Condensed Hierarchy
{
"valid" : false,
"keywordLocation" : "#/allOf",
"instanceLocation" : "#",
"keyword" : "allOf",
"errors" : [
{
"valid" : false,
"keywordLocation" : "#/allOf/0/type",
"instanceLocation" : "#",
"keyword" : "type",
"additionalInfo" : {
"expected" : "array",
"actual" : "object"
}
},
{
"valid" : false,
"keywordLocation" : "#/allOf/1/type",
"instanceLocation" : "#",
"keyword" : "type",
"additionalInfo" : {
"expected" : "number",
"actual" : "object"
}
}
]
}
Flat List
{
"valid" : false,
"errors" : [
{
"valid" : false,
"keywordLocation" : "#/allOf",
"instanceLocation" : "#",
"keyword" : "allOf"
},
{
"valid" : false,
"keywordLocation" : "#/allOf/0/type",
"instanceLocation" : "#",
"keyword" : "type",
"additionalInfo" : {
"expected" : "array",
"actual" : "object"
}
},
{
"valid" : false,
"keywordLocation" : "#/allOf/1/type",
"instanceLocation" : "#",
"keyword" : "type",
"additionalInfo" : {
"expected" : "number",
"actual" : "object"
}
}
]
}
Registering well-known schemas
It may be the case that you want to register a common schema. Manatee.Json automatically does this for any schema that presents an $id
(or id
for draft-04 schemas) that is an absolute URI.
The registry is used as a minimal caching mechanism so that schemas that have to be loaded from disk or downloaded from the internet or a network path only have to be loaded once.
You can also manually register schemas. To do this, use the JsonSchemaRegistry.Register(JsonSchema)
static method. Conversely, to unregister a schema, you can use the JsonSchemaRegistry.Unregister(JsonSchema)
static method.
Extending schemas
JsonSchema
has been designed to allow you to create your own keywords. There are several steps that need to be performed to create and use your own keywords.
- Implement
IJsonSchemaKeyword
. - Add the keyword implementation to the catalog.
- ... um... yeah, I guess that's it.
Write a keyword
Here's what you need to know about each member defined by IJsonSchemaKeyword
. You'll need to implement all of these as there is no base class.
Name
This property returns the keyword's string form (e.g. $id
or maximum
)
SupportedVersions
This property returns the official draft versions that are supported by this keyword. For example, if you want to support all of the official schema drafts, you can return JsonSchemaVersion.All
, but if you only want draft-06 and draft-07 supported, you can return JsonSchemaVersion.Draft06 | JsonSchemaVersion.Draft07
.
ValidationSequence
This property becomes important when you have several keywords that must be evaluated in a specific order. A prime example of this are the properties
, patternProperties
, and additionalProperties
(and soon unevaluatedProperties
from draft-08). These keywords must be evaluated in that order. Generally, if you are creating an independent keyword (as most of them should be), this can simply return 1.
RegisterSubschemas(Uri)
The validation logic is performed iteratively. This means that it can't look forward when resolving $ref
keywords (e.g. if the definitions
keyword appears at the end of the schema). To account for this, each schema will do an initialization pass when validating for the first time. This ensures that any subschemas have been registered prior to any attempt at $ref
resolution.
If your keyword does not contain a schema as part of its value, then this method can be a no-op. Otherwise, simply call JsonSchema
's corresponding RegisterSubschemas(Uri)
method and just pass the parameter. JsonSchema
will take care of the rest.
ResolveSubschema(JsonPointer, Uri)
This method is called during $ref
resolution. If your keyword doesn't contain a schema, just return null. Otherwise, simply pass the call onto JsonSchema
's corresponding ResolveSubschema(JsonPointer, Uri)
method.
Validate(JsonSchemaContext)
This is the guts of the keyword, where all of the actual validation takes place.
The validation context
The context fulfills two purposes: provide all of the required validation information to the keyword, and provide all of the location information needed to report any annotations and errors. Below is a breakdown of all of the properties on the context and their roles in validation.
Local
- This property indicates the local schema that is being validated. It's automatically set by theJsonSchema
class, so you don't ever need to set this or modify it.Root
- This is the root schema. This is set at the beginning of the validation process and should never be updated.Instance
- This is the instance being validated at the current level. This may be a nested value inside the original instance.InstanceLocation
- This is the location of theInstance
property within the original instance.EvaluatedPropertyNames
- This is a list of property names that have been validated by either your keyword or by subschemas. You will need to add any properties your keyword processes as well as any properties in the contexts you send to subschemas to this list.RelativeLocation
- This is the location of the current subschema with respect to the root schema. It will contain$ref
segments for any references that have been processed.BaseUri
- This is the current base URI. It will change throughout the validation process as subschemas declare$id
orid
keywords.BaseRelativeLocation
- This is the location of the current subschema relative to theBaseUri
.
If your keyword contains a nested schema, it's important that you create a new context based on the properties in the context that was given to your keyword. Changing the existing context will affect the validation of sibling or cousin keywords. Some of the context properties will have to be modified based on how your keyword behaves.
First, you'll always want to append your keyword name to the RelativeLocation
and BaseRelativeLocation
pointers. There may be additional segments that you'll want to append. (The items
keyword does this when it contains an array of subschemas.)
Secondly, if the subschemas apply to the same instance that your keyword was given (like the *Of
or if
/then
/else
keywords), you'll want to leave the InstanceLocation
alone, copying it as-is to the new context. However, if your keyword processes an instance property or array item (like the items
keyword), you'll need to append that property name or array index appropriately.
Building a result
The result object is defined by a current proposal for draft-08 which seeks to standardize the output produced by a schema. Manatee.Json builds the verbose hierarchy format then condenses it according to the JsonSchemaOptions.OutputFormat
static property. The location properties are taken care of simply by passing the context into the constructor. You'll need to set the validation-oriented ones yourself.
IsValid
- This property defaults totrue
, so you'll need to set it to false when validation fails.AnnotationValue
- If your keyword generates annotations, set this property when the validation passes.AdditionalInfo
- This is just aJsonObject
that you can use to pass any other pertinent information.NestedResults
- If your keyword has one or more subschemas, this property is for the validation results that they produce.
Add your keyword to the catalog
The SchemaKeywordCatalog
static class is the curator of all of the keywords. It also provides the keyword instances during deserialization.
To make your keyword available for use, call the Add<T>()
method using your keyword type as the type parameter. The method does contain type constraints that required T
to implement IJsonSchemaKeyword
and to have a parameterless constructor.
NOTE All of the built-in keywords also follow this convention, exposing parameterless constructors. These constructors have been marked with a DeserializationUseOnlyAttribute
as a reminder not to use them.
Now make it nice to use
To enable the fluent construction interface for your keyword, simply create an extension method on JsonSchema
that adds the keyword and returns the schema. For example, adding a description
keyword is implemented by this method:
public static JsonSchema Description(this JsonSchema schema, string description)
{
schema.Add(new DescriptionKeyword(description));
return schema;
}
Further customization
Aside from making new keywords, Manatee.Json can also be customized in a few other ways.
Static options
The JsonSchemaOptions
class gives you a few configuration points that likely won't change at runtime.
Download
- This function property is the mechanism by whichJsonSchemaRepository
downloads unregistered schemas. By default, it knows to useHttpClient
for http: endpoints andSystem.IO.File
for file paths. If you need more functionality (for instance if your schema is buried inside an FTP share), override this with a new function that can read from your endpoint.ValidateFormatKeyword
- This defines whether a schema will attempt to apply string format validation based on the value of aformat
keyword. This is enabled by default. See below for more information on string format validation.AllowUnknownFormats
- This specifies whether the system will allow unknown string formats. It is enabled by default. IfValidateFormatKeyword
is disabled, this option has no effect. There are two effect of disabling this option,- Validations by schemas with unknown string formats will always return invalid. This impacts schemas explicitly built in code.
- If a schema with an unknown string format is deserialized (loaded from an external source), a
JsonSerializationException
will be thrown.
OutputFormat
- You already read about output formats above. This is the property that controls it all. By default, a collapsed hierarchy is returned.
String format validation
The format
keyword has been around a while. It's available in all of the drafts supported by Manatee.Json. Although this keyword is techincally classified as an annotation, the specification does allow (the word used is "SHOULD") that implementation provide some level of validation on it so long as that validation may be configured on and off.
Manatee.Json makes a valiant attempt at validating a few of them. These are hardcoded as static properties on the StringFormat
class. Out of the box, these are available:
date-time
email
hostname
ipv4
ipv6
regex
uri
uri-reference
I'm not going to claim that the validation on any of these is perfect, but it will likely suffice for most applications. In the (rare) event that it doesn't support your needs, they are completely overridable.
All of the static properties can be set to new instances. When creating a new instance, it it automatically registered internally (for deserialization purposes) and any lookup by string will result in the newest instance for that key.
In the same way, entirely new formats can be created to make them available to Manatee.Json.


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 6
Dietary
This is a great winter salad for freshening up your diet - crisp veg and crunchy nuts, lightly dressed with vinaigrette.
This meal is
low calorie
and provides 321 kcal, 4g protein, 16g carbohydrate (of which 14g sugars), 27g fat (of which 4g saturates), 5g fibre and 0.3g salt per portion.
Preheat the oven to 200C/400F/Gas 6.
Toss the onion and red pepper in the olive oil and roast in the oven for 30 minutes.
Toast the macadamia nuts in a small roasting tin for 5-7 minutes in the same oven, until they are a lovely caramel colour. Remove the macadamias from the oven and chop coarsely, then set aside to cool while the onion and pepper finish cooking.
Slice the cucumber into quarters lengthways. Now slice down each length, cutting out the seeds (which are watery and would make your salad wishy-washy). Chop the remaining flesh.
For the French dressing, mix all the dressing ingredients except the olive oil in a glass jar with a screw-top lid. Shake well to dissolve the sugar and leave to stand for ten minutes (this takes the onion punch out of the shallot and softens its flavour). Add the oil and shake again.
To serve, mix all the salad ingredients in a bowl, season with salt and freshly ground black pepper, then toss in the French dressing.


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
30 mins to 1 hour
Serves
Makes 25 éclairs
Dietary
Get to grips with choux pastry to make the ultimate teatime treat: delicious chocolate éclairs.
Equipment and preparation: you will need a piping bag fitted with the small, plain nozzle.
For the pastry, sift the flour and a pinch of salt into a large bowl and set aside.
Put 150ml/5½fl oz water and the butter into a saucepan set over a medium-high heat and stir until the butter melts. Allow the mixture to come to a rolling boil, then immediately remove the pan from the heat.
Add the flour and salt and beat very well with a wooden spoon until the mixture comes together.
Reduce the heat to medium and replace the saucepan over the heat. Stir for a minute until the mixture starts to slightly stick to the base of the pan. Remove from the heat and allow to cool for a minute.
Beat three eggs together and pour about one-quarter of the beaten egg into the pan. Using the wooden spoon, beat very well until incorporated. Add a little more egg and beat well again until the mixture comes back together. Continue to add the egg, beating vigorously all the time, until the mixture has softened, is nice and shiny and has a dropping consistency. You may not need to add all the egg or you may need a little extra. If the mixture is too stiff (not enough egg) then the choux pastries will be too heavy, but if the mixture is too wet (too much egg), they will not hold their shape when spooned onto baking paper.
Preheat the oven to 220C/425F/Gas 7. Line a baking tray with parchment paper (not greaseproof paper, as the éclairs may stick when cooked).
Place the dough into a piping bag fitted with the 5-8mm/¼ - 3/8in nozzle and pipe into lengths approximately 10cm/4in long onto the prepared baking tray, spaced about 4cm/1½in apart to allow for expansion. Use a small wet knife to stop the dough coming out when you have finished piping each éclair.
Beat the remaining egg and gently brush it over the éclairs. Bake in the oven for ten minutes, then reduce the oven temperature to 200C/400F/Gas 6 and continue to cook for a further 15–20 minutes, or until the éclairs are puffed up, golden-brown and crisp.
Remove the éclairs from the oven and, using a skewer or the tip of a small sharp knife, make a hole in the side or the base of each éclair. Return to the oven and bake for a further five minutes to allow the steam to escape. Transfer the éclairs to a wire rack to cool.
For the chocolate glacé icing, sift the icing sugar and cocoa powder into a bowl. Add 1-2 tablespoons of boiling water and stir to mix, adding a little more boiling water if necessary until the icing is spreadable but not too watery.
For the crème Chantilly filling, fold the sifted icing sugar and vanilla extract into the whipped cream. Chill in the fridge until you are ready to use it.
When the éclairs are cool, spoon the crème chantilly into a clean piping bag fitted with the small, plain nozzle and pipe the cream into the éclairs through the hole made during cooking until they are well filled.
Using a small palette knife or table knife that has been standing in a jug of hot water (to make spreading the icing easier), spread the icing over the top of each éclair, dipping the knife into the hot water between each éclair. Serve.


Welcome [[${#httpServletRequest.remoteUser}]]!
This is the secured page.
You can use this page to generate JWTs (JSON Web Tokens) and validate them.


The service won't advertise ipv6 address records. This can be used to simulate binding on <IP_ADDRESS>. May be combined with restrictedAddresses.
Adds ability to set custom domain. Will default to "local". The domain will also be automatically appended to the hostname.
Defines a hostname under which the service can be reached. The specified hostname must not include the TLD. If undefined the service name will be used as default.
Instance name of the service
Port of the service. If not supplied it must be set later via updatePort BEFORE advertising the service.
The protocol the service uses. Default is TCP.
If defined it restricts the service to be advertised on the specified ip addresses or interface names.
If a interface name is specified, ANY address on that given interface will be advertised (if a IP address of the given interface is also given in the array, it will be overridden). If a IP address is specified, the service will only be advertised for the given addresses.
Interface names and addresses can be mixed in the array. If an ip address is given, the ip address must be valid at the time of service creation.
If the service is set to advertise on a given interface, though the MDNSServer is configured to ignore this interface, the service won't be advertised on the interface.
Optional array of subtypes of the service. Refer to ServiceType for some known examples.
If defined, a txt record will be published with the given service.
Type of the service.
Service options supplied when creating a new ciao service.


Events are recorded time-stamped observations for the persons, such as drug exposures, conditions, procedures, measurements and visits. All events have a start date and end date, though some events may have a start date and end date with the same value
(such as procedures or measurements). The event index date is set to be equal to the event start date.


Title B
Description B
This is another page
Welcome!
Here's the description again: Description B
This is the footer...


Sensitive File Extraction – AD Database
Switching gears, let’s get back to the spirit of Vshadow and use it natively for ‘living off the land’ operations. Since we can create snapshots with the VSS, let’s use this utility to extract the Active Directory Database (ntds.dit) on a Domain Controller (DC) and dump the hashes offline using secretsdump.py
Firstly, we copy over vshadow.exe to our DC (Windows 2K12 in this example) and create a persistent shadow copy (without writers) of the “c:” using the -p parameter as follows:
vshadow.exe -p -nw C:
Note the Shadow Copy Set ID (the UUID) and Volume Name. these will be used in subsequent commands:
Secondly, we copy the the AD Database from the shadow copy using the Volume name as follows:
copy \\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1\windows\ntds\ntds.dit c:\ntds.dit.bak
Thirdly, we extract the SYSTEM hive from the Registry. We will need this to dump the contents of the AD database:
reg.exe save hklm\system c:\system.bak
For good measure, let’s clean up and remove our shadow copy by specifying the shadow set ID:
vshadow -dx={46d3c3ee-2840-4152-ba5c-450ea401869a}
Finally, let’s move our loot (ntds.dit.bak and system.bak) to dump the hashes offline with secretsdump.py. The following command is used:
secretsdump.py -ntds ntds.dit.bak -system system.bak LOCAL
And success! We have used Vshadow as a facilitator to acquire the domain hashes!


United States
Oregon
Washington
Europe
London
Brussels
Berlin
Moscow
Njart
Amsterdam
Canada
Places in
Canada
, in order of preference
Vancouver, BC
Montreal
Quebec


Bus Stops
Bus & Traffic Status
MyRide
Home
Management
Bus Rider
arrow_drop_down
Home
Management
Bus Rider
Bus Stops
Bus & Traffic Status
menu
Traffic Jam
HEAVY
MODERATE
STANDSTILL
mode_edit
Share details
UPDATE
send
Bus Status Update
Select Bus by Name
mode_edit
Bus Status Update
HIGH
MEDIUM
LOW
UPDATE
send
Accident
MINOR
MAJOR
mode_edit
Share details
UPDATE
send
info_outline
warning
directions_car
insert_comment


Python has no switch statement.
what is switch statement ? switch statement is an alternate to if - elseif - else
statement.
Example in C
int payment_status=1; switch(payment_status){ case 1: process_pending_payment(); break; case 2: process_paid(); break; case 3: process_trans_failure(); break; default: process_default(); }
In python we can achieve same behaviour using dict
.
Fake switch statement in python
payment_functions = { 1: process_pending_payment, 2: process_paid, 3: process_trans_failure } try: status =2 payment_functions[status]() except KeyError: process_default()
In above code payment_functions
is dict
, where key
is the one of the value of status
and corresponding value
is function to be invoked(but ()
is not present immediately).
When we try to access the dict element function
name and ()
is present immediately so function is called. If key
is absent KeyError
exception is raised, default
function is placed inside except block.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


--- layout: default ---
Frend components rely on common JavaScript APIs like classList, and ES5 methods like forEach. Each component tests for support of these before initialising. They will be fully functional in:
Browsers that haven’t cut the mustard here will render the initial HTML to be styled up as necessary.
{% if page.links %} {% endif %}


HACKERS A film review by David Landers Copyright 1997 David Landers
RATING: * 1/2 out of **** - 3.0 out of 10.0 CAST: Jonny Lee Miller (Dade Murphy / Crash Override), Angelina Jolie (Kate Libby / Acid Burn), Jesse Bradford (Joey), Matthew Lillard (Emmanuel Goldstein / Cereal Killer), Laurence Mason (Paul Cook / Lord Nikon), Renoly Santiago (Phantom Phreak), Fisher Stevens (Eugene Belford / The Plague) DIRECTOR: Iain Softley CERTIFICATION: PG-13 (USA) for mild language and some sexuality YEAR OF PRODUCTION: 1995
Ever since WARGAMES, the first real computer hacking movie, Hollywood has attempted to produce more and more films about hacking. These films usually show the audience a look into computers that really is not impossible and is usually ridiculous. If it's not this, the exaggeration about what is real is usually greater than you would expect. HACKERS is guilty of all of these crimes.  Those of you who frequent one of the greatest sites on the World Wide Web, the Internet Movie Database, are probably aware of the section for movies entitled "Goofs". This is the section for mistakes in the movies. Well, IMDb sums up HACKERS extremely well with the first goof listed: "Generally ill-informed and ridiculous to the extreme regarding the capabilities of computers and technology". And truthfully, this is one-hundred percent correct.
The plot, obviously, centers around computer hacking. More specifically, it follows the exploits of Dade Murphy, a young computer hacker played by Jonny Lee Miller. Miller should be extremely thankful for the film TRAINSPOTTING, because if it were not for that, who knows where his career would be now after HACKERS. The film opens with a young Dade Murphy being arrested for hacking computer systems. He was forbidden to use a computer until he turned eighteen years old. The film then picks up at that point, an eighteen year old Dade Murphy hacking away at the computer.
Dade later meets up with fellow hackers Acid Burn (Angelina Jolie), Cereal Killer (Matthew Lillard), Lord Nikon (Laurence Mason), and the Phantom Phreak (Renoly Santiago), who are basically trying to do what is next to impossible: hack the Gibson computer and not get caught by the FBI. Oh, and as a little sub-plot, Dade also tries to woo Acid Burn, the only female hacker in the film.
Really, I can't think of much more to say about the film's plot aside from what I've said.  Thanks to this movie, the public unfamiliar with computers now has a distorted viewpoint of computers and what they can do. This movie makes computers look a little bit too advanced for their time, and the frivolous suggestions it makes are too many to list.
To sum it up, HACKERS is a terrible computer film. If you're looking for a film about computers closer to what goes on in the real world, I suggest SNEAKERS. Although at times it too may seem a little far fetched, it should be much more believable than HACKERS to regular computer users. Hopefully, this film didn't influence too many young computer users out to think they can do what is portrayed in this 105 minute waste of time.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Twine
Terms of the Day
Anybody Know What These Mean?
-
Interactive Fiction
-
Text-Adventure Games
IF for ID
We can define interactive fiction/text adventure as:
- Branching Scenarios
- A Story that puts the Player/Learner in the Driver's Seat
Zork
Many strange tales have been told of the fabulous treasure, exotic creatures, and diabolical puzzles in the Great Underground Empire.
As an aspiring adventurer, you will undoubtedly want to locate these treasures and deposit them in your trophy case.
STORY TIME
That One Where I Ran Into Accessibility Issues
Cases
Labs
Crime Scene
Accessibility means
Equally Rigorous Activities
No shortcuts here.
Classic IF
- Made With: Systems like Inform7, TADS, Adrift
- Played Via: Special Interpreters
Classic IF is normally built with special systems and languages.
Democratized IF
- Made With: Simple, User-Friendly Tools
- Played Via: The Interwebs
Twine uses simple hyperlinks and a graphical UI to help you build games.
EXAMPLE TIME
Twine Games Great and Small
404 Missing Page Detective Agency
- Serious and Silly
- Media-Rich
- Educational and Well-Made
Nick's Dilemma
- Simply Made
- Built by IDs like You
- Larger Branching Scenario and Cases
Twine Texting Project
- Short and Simple
- Mobile/Texting Theme
- Source Downloadable!
RPG-Ish
- Example of creative constraints
- Includes random generators
- Showcase tracking stats/RPG game elements
WHY ON EARTH?
Can't I do this with my Authoring Tool?
Why Twine?
-
01. Twine is Free and Open Source
Use it as much as you want for whatever you want
Why Does Open Source Matter?
You Own it
Open source has its own pros and cons, but you can touch every part of what you create. Nothing is hidden from you.
You can also go back and change anything at any time.
STORY TIME
That One Where I Helped Move a Course to a Different Platform
Why Twine?
-
01. Twine is Free and Open Source
Use it as much as you want for whatever you want
-
02. Twine is great for Rapid Prototyping
Use it to test an idea within minutes
STORY TIME
That One Where I Prototyped a Branching Scenario with Clients in 20 minutes
Why Twine?
-
01. Twine is Free and Open Source
Use it as much as you want for whatever you want
-
02. Twine is great for Rapid Prototyping
Use it to test an idea within minutes
-
03. Twine is Simple and Powerful
Strong enough for a game designer; Made for you
Getting Started With
Twine
City Budget Game
- Serious and Silly
- xAPI Enabled
- Built by IDs like You
Getting Help
Twine will take a little bit of a
Learning Curve
Help is on the Way
-
A Basic Twine Tutorial
What is this whole Twine thing? -
YouTube Tutorials
Getting started, step by step. -
The Wiki
Alright, how do I do ....? -
The Cookbook
Gimme the code! -
Twine Q&A
Somebody's got to be able to help with this!
A Basic Twine Tutorial
The simplest way to introduce yourself to Twine.
Twine 2 Guide Wiki
A structured walk through the most common how-tos of Twine.
Twine 2.0 Tutorials
Comprehensive video tuts on doing all the cool stuff.
Twine Cookbook
Get straight to the code to do the cool stuff.
Twine Q&A Forum
When you're pullin' yer hair out.
Get In Contact
- Website: http://knanthony.com
- Twitter: https://twitter.com/anthkris
- LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/anthkris/


AMAZON RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM
ABOUT THE DATASET
Everyday a million products are being recommended to users based on popularity and other metrics on e-commerce websites. The most popular e-commerce website boosts average order value by 50%, increases revenues by 300%, and improves conversion. In addition to being a powerful tool for increasing revenues, product recommendations are so essential that customers now expect to see similar features on all other eCommerce sites.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Amazon Reviews data [SITE]“http://jmcauley.ucsd.edu/data/amazon/"
ABOUT AMAZON
Amazon.com Inc is an American multinational technology company based in Seattle, Washington, which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. The company has been referred to as “one of the most influential economic and cultural forces in the world”, as well as the world’s most valuable brand.
Amazon is known for its disruption of well-established industries through technological innovation and mass scale. It is the world’s largest online marketplace, AI assistant provider, live-streaming platform and cloud computing platform as measured by revenue and market capitalization. Amazon is the largest Internet company by revenue in the world. It is the second largest private employer in the United States and one of the world’s most valuable companies. As of 2020, Amazon has the highest global brand valuation.
Amazon distributes downloads and streaming of video, music, and audiobooks through its Prime Video, Amazon Music, Twitch, and Audible subsidiaries. Amazon also has a publishing arm, Amazon Publishing, a film and television studio, Amazon Studios, and a cloud computing subsidiary, Amazon Web Services. It produces consumer electronics including Kindle e-readers, Fire tablets, Fire TV, and Echo devices. Its acquisitions over the years include Ring, Twitch, Whole Foods Market, and IMDb.


Zksharks
Transcript By: Bryan Bishop
Tags: Zero knowledge
Category: Conference
zkSHARKs
Madars Virza
Introduction
Indeed I am Madars Virza. I am going to talk about SHARKs. I am going to be talking about zero-knowledge SHARKs. It’s actually something serious and it’s related to non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs.
Non-interactive zero knowledge proofs
zkproofs are protocols between two parties, a prover and a verifier. Both prover and verifier know a public input, but only the prover knows a secret input as a witness. The prover wants to convince the verifier that some relationship holds between the public input and the secret witness. This might seem very abstract, but it’s actually extremely useful.
These properties are typically formalized by completeness— meaning that true statements have proof, and soundness— false statements do not. Finally, there is the property of zeroknowledge. The verifier learns nothing about the secret witness beyond what is implied by the membership language. This is usually how non-interactive zero-knowledge works.
 There is a theorem that this is impossible for interesting languages like NP languages, without any help at least. It becomes possible if you allow yourself some kind of common reference string (CRS). There is a one-time trusted setup that outputs a reference string. This reference string can be used many times by the prover and the verifier and prove the statements respectively.
Deploying non-interactive zero-knowledge systems
So you have provers and verifiers that are geographically distributed. The question is, who generates the CRS? If it’s generated maliciously, then the security properties break down. It’s usually done in a cetralized setting. Maybe it’s in your IT department that generates the CRS. If you want to use decentralized applications for your proof systems, then we better find out some way to generate a CRS.
The good news is that for many proof systems, the CRS is actually random. Many proof systems have a random CRS. Many things look random like sun spots, stock market, or heuristics like sha256(0) or sha256(1). So we could instantiate bulletproofs by using a CRS but we’re going to get it from sha256 or something.
But there’s also bad news: the most efficient proof systems have complex common reference strings that are not exactly random.
Non-interactive zero-knowledge landscape
On the one hand there’s NIZKs and non-pairing-based SNARKs like bulletproofs, STARKs, Hyrax, Aurora, Spartan, etc. Then there are pairing-based SNARKs like PGHR13, Goth16, Libra, Sonic, for which the CRS is complex and it reasons about the computation template and does tests based on this. In practice, the ones without any kind of secret setup tend to have slow verification (as statement grows) and/or large proofs. Bulletproofs are really nice for small statements like rangeproofs, but if you want to prove things about a million gate circuit then verification would take like a second. But STARKs are great but they have proofs that are 100s of kilobytes.
With the computation template and complex CRS have quick verification and very small proofs in the range of 100s of bytes. Given that efficiency is desirable, maybe there’s a way to get around the trusted setup.
Ideal world
In an ideal world, we would have someone trusted like maybe your IT department does it. But in a real world, we’re going to have many participants each of which contributes a share to the trapdoor of the setup. Then out comes the common reference string as a result. You would want the ideal world setup and real world setups to be the same. This can actually be achieved.
The good part about this is that the constructions only require single point of success. It’s not a single point of failure as in many systems, but rather we only need at least one participant to be honest and then the CRS has really been setup correctly. Collusion is probably likely to happen if certain individuals are in a room generating the setup like Putin and Trump and Snowden and Hillary or something.
Are ceremonies secure?
Are these ceremonies secure? Is the trapdoor secure? I don’t think anyone seriously thinks that 50 or 100 people ceremony had participants compromised or colluding. At the same time, there’s an epistemological question like why should I believe that those 100 participants even existed? Do I know? In a hundred years, it becomes a myth. Did it really happen? Do I know anyone who participated? In 100 years, will anyone remember the prominent cryptographers from 2019? Maybe I should accept slower verification, or lower efficiency? Does it matter?
There are scenarios where efficiency does matter. Sometimes the propagation speed and verification speed do matter. The propagation speed is dependent on how fast they can verify the transactions. There are also other participants in the system like miners or block producers. They need to get transactions fast and include them in blocks. Even more so, you need to verify the previous block to decide what to mine on top of. So verification is a security risk, there are incidents where people were doing SPV mining and they figured signature verification was too expensive so they turned it off or something. Ideally we would like miners to not do that.
zkSHARK: zero-knowledge succinct hybrid argument of knowledge
zkSHARKs have short proofs that can be verified in one of two ways. There’s prudent verification which is asymptotically slow, comparable to bulletproofs, but do not require any kind of trusted setup. Then there’s optimistic verification which is fast (comparable to pairing-based SNARKs), but it relies on a trusted setup ceremony. During transaction propagation, the idea is to optimistically verify the transactions. Miners would then do prudent verification. They would verify provisionally using the optimistic mode, and then later before proof-of-work they do the slow verification.
What happens if prudent verification fails?
What happens if optimistic verification passes, but prudent verification fails? This can be detected in real-time. You can immediately see that this pair of transactions, where the prudent proof didn’t verify but the optimistic one did, is a fraud proof. This is irrefutable proof that something fishy is going on with the setup. Once you see this, you revoke the setup parameters. In zkSHARKs, you can recover soundness by prudently verifying and then you recover efficiency by redoing the setup. The good part about zkSHARKs is that the optimistic proofs can be generated by anyone without the original sender or original witness. In 100 years, we might not remember who the greatest cryptographers of our era, but maybe their new guys can be the participants of this system, and they would be able to refresh all the old proofs.
A (broken) generic SHARK construction
Someone might think, well, isn’t this the same as concatenating in parallel an existing proof system without setup like bulletproofs and a typical snark like Groth16? Well let’s see. Say this is a standard proof system where someone produces a proof and someone verifies it. I am going to construct a snark for a fixed language and construct a NIZK for that fixed language. Maybe this SNARK proof can serve as my optimistic proof, but it can’t. Optimistic proofs should be refreshable without knowing the witness. Those proofs, if I want to refresh them, then I necessarily need to know the witness to run the SNARK prover. So SHARK is not just two proofs yanked together side by side.
A generic SHARK construction
Say I have a fixed language… then I construct a SNARK for the langauge that the NIZK verifier proving that the NIZK verifier was satisfied. My SNARK proof reasons about NIZK verification and it doesn’t need to know the witness because my NIZK verifier doesn’t need to know the witness. So if you give me any two proof systems one with trusted setup and one without, then you can get a SHARK.
That’s nice, but it’s not too excited from an efficiency perspective. You could do it, but it is going to be challenging to get an efficient SHARK out of it. But say I took bulletproofs and a NIZK and Groth16 SNARKs. Well, my prover starts by reasoning about a circuit of some size. Bulletproofs prover, well, it does some operations and the bulletproofs verifier actually does security parameter times the security circuit size group operations and then it needs to embed this bulletproof verifier. While we get some speedup with mod exponentiation and what not, your SNARK verifier is going to take up … and if your security parameter is 256, then the constants are pretty accurate here, it’s likely not going to be efficient.
Efficient SHARK construct
We can get a lean SHARK by working directly. We first start by making a NIZK for R1CS which is basically a language for arithmetic circuits with bilinear gates. We do this by presenting a new technique for linear PCPs (LPCPs) in a prudent mode proof system for a public coin NIZK. In order to do this, we also produce an optimized variant of bulletproofs inner product argument. Our proof system is tailored so that– it has an “algebraic heart” so we don’t need to do generic embedding into a SNARK prover, instead we can construct a special SNARK that only knows how to make statements about our NIZK verifier. It’s a special-purpose SNARK, and we introduce encoded polynomial delegation to achieve a special purpose SNARK and avoid the lambda squared blow-up in the construction. And that’s our SHARK.
While you’re waiting for the eprint, you can watch this other talk with more details.


Mark as disabled
Mark as enabled
End the guard creation with the current builder state
Mark as required
Set the storage of the guard
The new storage for the guard
Set the description of the guard
The new description for the guard
Set the name of the guard
The new name for the guard
Factory for creating a guard builder
The parent group builder
Builder for a gdpr guard
class
GdprGuardBuilder
export


Student of Informatics at Warsaw University of Technology, beginning 2017, interested in functional programming, machine learning and Computer Science in general. I enrolled on a freeCodeCamp Front-End Development course to learn HTML, CSS, JS and other useful web development tools. Projects included using API calls, Angular, Bootstrap and jQuery to create various apps, ranging from a Wikipedia viewer to a calculator. I encourage you to check out my work below.
See the Pen freeCodeCamp: Simon Game by Jakub (@JakuJ) on CodePen.
See the Pen freeCodeCamp: Javascript Calculator by Jakub (@JakuJ) on CodePen.
See the Pen freeCodeCamp: Random Quote Machine by Jakub (@JakuJ) on CodePen.
See the Pen freeCodeCamp: Wikipedia Viewer by Jakub (@JakuJ) on CodePen.


{include file="st/header"/}
{include file="st/left"/}
Family Status
Add
Family Members
Name
Phone Number
Email
Position
Work Place
{volist name="dfam" id="fam"}
Father
Mother
Spouse
Brother
Sister
Others
Children
Delete
{/volist}
Financial Supporter
Guarantor name
The guarantor Addr
The guarantor Tel
Relationship with applicant
Organization
Email
Emergency Contact
Name
Mobile
Phone Number
Email
Organization
OrganizationAddress
Previous
Save and Next


{{ 'STR' | currencyName }}
{{ accountLine.currency | currencyName }}
{{ accountLine.account | addressToUsername }}
Requires authorization


Summer Camp
Love LEGO? Dig designing? Excel at engineering? Announcing the 2014 Robotics
Summer Camp hosted by the award-winning students of FIRST Robotics
Competition team Code Orange.
Learn to use a proven engineering design process
and advanced engineering and designing skills to make the best LEGO Mindstorms
robots ever, while engaging in team building games, specialty classes, engineering
challenges and, of course, snacks. The skills learned during the week will be
put to the test on Friday with the "Ship Wreck Cove" FIRST LEGO League style
competition and Open House.
Who: Kids age 8-14 years old
When: We are expanding!
- Week One: Mornings, July 21-25, 9:00 AM - 1:00 PM
- Week Two: Afternoons, July 28- August 1, 2:00 PM - 6:00 PM
Where: Code Orange Headquarters at Lasergraphics, 20 Ada, Irvine
Cost: Only $150. Includes a cool T-shirt, daily take-home surprises and lots of fun.
Checks made to Code Orange should be mailed to Code Orange, 24861 Danafir,
Dana Point, CA 92629, to complete your registration. Thank You.
We will only take 18 students per session, so
sign up today
(and then tell your friends!)
Email Code Orange at
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>if
you have any questions.


Gauge QML Type
A straight gauge that displays a value within a range. More...
| Import Statement: | import QtQuick.Extras 1.4 |
| Since: | Qt 5.5 |
Properties
- font : font
- formatValue : var
- maximumValue : alias
- minimumValue : alias
- minorTickmarkCount : int
- orientation : int
- style : Component
- tickmarkAlignment : int
- tickmarkStepSize : real
- value : alias
Detailed Description
The Gauge control displays a value within some range along a horizontal or vertical axis. It can be thought of as an extension of ProgressBar, providing tickmarks and labels to provide a visual measurement of the progress.
The minimum and maximum values displayable by the gauge can be set with the minimumValue and maximumValue properties.
Example:
Gauge { minimumValue: 0 value: 50 maximumValue: 100 anchors.centerIn: parent }
You can create a custom appearance for a Gauge by assigning a GaugeStyle.
Property Documentation
font : font |
The font to use for the tickmark text.
formatValue : var |
This property accepts a function that formats the given value for display in tickmarkLabel.
For example, to provide a custom format that displays all values with 3 decimal places:
formatValue: function(value) { return value.toFixed(3); }
The default function does no formatting.
This property holds the largest value displayed by the gauge.
The default value is 100
.
This property holds the smallest value displayed by the gauge.
The default value is 0
.
This property determines the amount of minor tickmarks drawn between each regular tickmark.
The default value is 4
.
This property determines the orientation of the gauge.
The default value is Qt.Vertical
.
style : Component |
This property determines the alignment of each tickmark within the gauge. When orientation is Qt.Vertical
, the valid values are:
- Qt.AlignLeft
- Qt.AlignRight
Any other value will cause Qt.AlignLeft
to be used, which is also the default value for this orientation.
When orientation is Qt.Horizontal
, the valid values are:
- Qt.AlignTop
- Qt.AlignBottom
Any other value will cause Qt.AlignBottom
to be used, which is also the default value for this orientation.
This property determines the rate at which tickmarks are drawn on the gauge. The lower the value, the more often tickmarks are drawn.
The default value is 10
.


oil palm climate disease suitable Sumatra {border-style BSR px;} #ffffff;} Ganoderma growing change increase Paterson palms levels projected Indonesia current high Figure Sumatra, boninense px; {font-family Lima Oil distribution font-size highly level model regions situation unsuitable R.R.M. considered data decrease double; future global guineensis low using Asia. CLIMEX Climate Flood However, Malaysia North P.D. Palm border-color border-width grown island region regions, rot solid; stem suitability sustainability time virulence {font-style {font-weight (a) (b) Jacq.) South Sumatra. affect areas basal bold caused courier; described discussed em; growth large likely maps mountainous production pt;} reported scenarios stress


BOOL:X-X-X
ext >:NUM-NUM-BOOL
> 10 <> 3 5
//or, alternatively
import NUM
> 10 <> "Greater than 10" "Smaller than 10"
concat "input is " (> <> 10 "greater than 10" "smaller than 10")
which is really syntactic sugar for:
xNUM > 10 x 3 5
reversing a string:
xSTRING.rev x
or
rev<>
-Types are upper case
-Type variables have
only one letter
-
indicates that
a variable of type num
is read from stdin.


Load packages
library(tidyverse)
Rowwwise operations are a quite frequent operations in data analysis. The R language environment is particularly strong in column wise operations. This is due to technical reasons, as data frames are internally built as column-by-column structures, hence column wise operations are simple, rowwise more difficult.
This post looks at some rather general way to comput rowwise statistics. Of course, numerous ways exist and there are quite a few tutorials around, notably by Jenny Bryant, and by Emil Hvitfeldt to name a few.
Let’s work with these data:
data(iris)
Example 1
Assume you’d like to compute a a row sum for each case. Let’s neglect that there exist a function called rowSums
which does this job nicely. However, there might be situations where the universe did not provide a ready-to-use function. Then a more general approach will be handy.
iris2 <- iris %>%
mutate(iris_sum = pmap(., sum))
iris2 %>%
select(iris_sum) %>% pull() %>% (head)
#> [[1]]
#> [1] 11.2
#>
#> [[2]]
#> [1] 10.5
#>
#> [[3]]
#> [1] 10.4
#>
#> [[4]]
#> [1] 10.4
#>
#> [[5]]
#> [1] 11.2
#>
#> [[6]]
#> [1] 12.4
Hang on, what data type is this column of?
class(iris2$iris_sum)
#> [1] "list"
that’s a list column. Let’s unnest it.
iris2 %>%
unnest() %>%
pull(iris_sum) %>% class()
#> [1] "numeric"
OK.
Example 2
Let’s compute the rowMeans
in a similar way. One compliation is that mean
does not take dots as input - as sum
does - but takes vector input. Hence, we need to change the domain of the fucntion from vector to dots (list), that’s what lift_vd
does.
iris2 <- iris %>%
mutate(iris_mean = pmap(., lift_vd(mean))) %>%
unnest()
iris2 %>%
select(iris_mean) %>%
head()
#> iris_mean
#> 1 2.24
#> 2 2.10
#> 3 2.08
#> 4 2.08
#> 5 2.24
#> 6 2.48
Bonus
Instead of pull
there’s also pluck
in purrr
:
iris2 %>% pluck("iris_mean")
#> [1] 2.24 2.10 2.08 2.08 2.24 2.48 2.14 2.22 1.98 2.12 2.36 2.20 2.06 1.90
#> [15] 2.44 2.60 2.40 2.26 2.50 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.08 2.32 2.26 2.16 2.28 2.28
#> [29] 2.24 2.14 2.14 2.34 2.38 2.46 2.14 2.12 2.30 2.20 1.98 2.24 2.22 1.88
#> [43] 2.02 2.34 2.44 2.10 2.34 2.08 2.34 2.18 3.66 3.52 3.68 3.02 3.48 3.26
#> [57] 3.58 2.72 3.48 3.04 2.70 3.32 3.04 3.42 3.08 3.52 3.32 3.12 3.28 3.02
#> [71] 3.54 3.24 3.44 3.36 3.38 3.48 3.56 3.68 3.38 2.96 2.96 2.92 3.12 3.48
#> [85] 3.28 3.50 3.60 3.26 3.20 3.06 3.14 3.42 3.12 2.72 3.16 3.22 3.22 3.34
#> [99] 2.74 3.18 4.22 3.70 4.22 3.92 4.10 4.46 3.32 4.26 3.96 4.48 3.96 3.86
#> [113] 4.08 3.64 3.82 4.04 3.96 4.68 4.50 3.54 4.22 3.66 4.44 3.74 4.16 4.24
#> [127] 3.72 3.76 3.98 4.12 4.24 4.62 4.00 3.74 3.74 4.42 4.14 3.96 3.72 4.10
#> [141] 4.16 4.08 3.70 4.24 4.24 4.04 3.74 3.94 4.06 3.76