[%# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, AUTO GENERATED FROM THE perlfaq -%] [%- # Used to get info from htmlify to ttree page.import({ title => "perlfaq9", section => "faq", description => "Perl Frequently Asked Questions, Perl FAQ", keywords => "perl, perl faq, perlfaq" }); perlfaq_version = 5.0150036; -%]
perlfaq9 - Networking
This section deals with questions related to networking, the Internet, and a few about the Web.
(Alan Flavell<EMAIL_ADDRESS>answers...)
The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) specifies a software interface between a program ("CGI script") and a web server (HTTPD). It is not specific to Perl, and has its own FAQs and tutorials, and a Usenet group, comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi.
The CGI specification is outlined in an informational RFC: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875
These Perl FAQs very selectively cover some CGI issues. However, Perl programmers are strongly advised to use the CGI.pm
module, to take care of the details for them.
The similarity between CGI response headers (defined in the CGI specification) and HTTP response headers (defined in the HTTP specification, RFC2616) is intentional, but can sometimes be confusing.
The CGI specification defines two kinds of script: the "Parsed Header" script, and the "Non Parsed Header" (NPH) script. Check your server documentation to see what it supports. "Parsed Header" scripts are simpler in various respects. The CGI specification allows any of the usual newline representations in the CGI response (it's the server's job to create an accurate HTTP response based on it). So "\n" written in text mode is technically correct, and recommended. NPH scripts are more tricky: they must put out a complete and accurate set of HTTP transaction response headers; the HTTP specification calls for records to be terminated with carriage-return and line-feed; i.e., ASCII \015\012 written in binary mode.
Using CGI.pm
gives excellent platform independence, including EBCDIC systems. CGI.pm
selects an appropriate newline representation ($CGI::CRLF
) and sets binmode as appropriate.
(contributed by brian d foy)
There are many things that might be wrong with your CGI program, and only some of them might be related to Perl. Try going through the troubleshooting guide on Perlmonks .
Use the CGI::Carp module.  It still sends them to the normal server error log.
use CGI::Carp; warn "This is a complaint"; die "But this one is serious";
The following use of CGI::Carp also redirects errors to a file of your choice, placed in a BEGIN
block to catch compile-time warnings as well:
use vars qw($log_fh); BEGIN { use CGI::Carp qw(carpout); open($log_fh, ">>/var/local/cgi-logs/mycgi-log") or die "Unable to append to mycgi-log: $!\n"; carpout(*LOG); }
You can even arrange for fatal errors to go back to the client browser, which is nice for your own debugging, but might confuse the end user.
use CGI::Carp qw(fatalsToBrowser); die "Bad error here";
Even if the error happens before you get the HTTP header out, the module will try to take care of this to avoid the dreaded server 500 errors. Normal warnings still go out to the server error log (or wherever you've sent them with carpout
) with the application name and date stamp prepended.
The most correct way (albeit not the fastest) is to use HTML::Parser from CPAN. Another mostly correct way is to use HTML::FormatText which not only removes HTML but also attempts to do a little simple formatting of the resulting plain text.
Many folks attempt a simple-minded regular expression approach, like s/<.*?>//g
, but that fails in many cases because the tags may continue over line breaks, they may contain quoted angle-brackets, or HTML comments may be present. Plus, folks forget to convert entities--like <
for example.
Here's one "simple-minded" approach, that works for most files:
#!/usr/bin/perl -p0777 s/<(?:[^>'"]*|(['"]).*?\g1)*>//gs
If you want a more complete solution, see the 3-stage striphtml program in http://www.cpan.org/authors/Tom_Christiansen/scripts/striphtml.gz .
Here are some tricky cases that you should think about when picking a solution:
 B">  B">   <# Just data #> <![INCLUDE CDATA [ >>>>>>>>>>>> ]]>
If HTML comments include other tags, those solutions would also break on text like this:

You can easily extract all sorts of URLs from HTML with HTML::SimpleLinkExtor which handles anchors, images, objects, frames, and many other tags that can contain a URL. If you need anything more complex, you can create your own subclass of HTML::LinkExtor or HTML::Parser. You might even use HTML::SimpleLinkExtor as an example for something specifically suited to your needs.
You can use URI::Find to extract URLs from an arbitrary text document.
Less complete solutions involving regular expressions can save you a lot of processing time if you know that the input is simple. One solution from Tom Christiansen runs 100 times faster than most module-based approaches but only extracts URLs from anchors where the first attribute is HREF and there are no other attributes.
#!/usr/bin/perl -n00 # qxurl -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>print "$2\n" while m{ < \s* A \s+ HREF \s* = \s* (["']) (.*?) \g1 \s* > }gsix;
In this case, download means to use the file upload feature of HTML forms. You allow the web surfer to specify a file to send to your web server.  No matter what you call it, you do it with what's known as multipart/form-data encoding. The CGI.pm
module (which comes with Perl as part of the Standard Library) supports this in the start_multipart_form()
method, which isn't the same as the startform()
method.
See the section in the CGI.pm
documentation on file uploads for code examples and details.
(contributed by brian d foy)
The CGI.pm
module (which comes with Perl) has functions to create the HTML form widgets. See the CGI.pm
documentation for more examples.
use CGI qw/:standard/; print header, start_html('Favorite Animals'), start_form, "What's your favorite animal? ", popup_menu( -name => 'animal', -values => [ qw( Llama Alpaca Camel Ram ) ] ), submit, end_form, end_html;
(contributed by brian d foy)
Use the libwww-perl distribution. The LWP::Simple module can fetch web resources and give their content back to you as a string:
use LWP::Simple qw(get); my $html = get( "http://www.example.com/index.html" );
It can also store the resource directly in a file:
use LWP::Simple qw(getstore); getstore( "http://www.example.com/index.html", "foo.html" );
If you need to do something more complicated, you can use LWP::UserAgent module to create your own user-agent (e.g. browser) to get the job done. If you want to simulate an interactive web browser, you can use the WWW::Mechanize module.
If you are doing something complex, such as moving through many pages and forms or a web site, you can use WWW::Mechanize. See its documentation for all the details.
If you're submitting values using the GET method, create a URL and encode the form using the query_form
method:
use LWP::Simple; use URI::URL; my $url = url('http://www.perl.com/cgi-bin/cpan_mod'); $url->query_form(module => 'DB_File', readme => 1); $content = get($url);
If you're using the POST method, create your own user agent and encode the content appropriately.
use HTTP::Request::Common qw(POST); use LWP::UserAgent; my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new(); my $req = POST 'http://www.perl.com/cgi-bin/cpan_mod', [ module => 'DB_File', readme => 1 ]; my $content = $ua->request($req)->as_string;
(contributed by brian d foy)
Those %
encodings handle reserved characters in URIs, as described in RFC 2396, Section 2. This encoding replaces the reserved character with the hexadecimal representation of the character's number from the US-ASCII table. For instance, a colon, :
, becomes %3A
.
In CGI scripts, you don't have to worry about decoding URIs if you are using CGI.pm
. You shouldn't have to process the URI yourself, either on the way in or the way out.
If you have to encode a string yourself, remember that you should never try to encode an already-composed URI. You need to escape the components separately then put them together. To encode a string, you can use the URI::Escape module. The uri_escape
function returns the escaped string:
my $original = "Colon : Hash # Percent %"; my $escaped = uri_escape( $original ); print "$escaped\n"; # 'Colon%20%3A%20Hash%20%23%20Percent%20%25'
To decode the string, use the uri_unescape
function:
my $unescaped = uri_unescape( $escaped ); print $unescaped; # back to original
If you wanted to do it yourself, you simply need to replace the reserved characters with their encodings. A global substitution is one way to do it:
# encode $string =~ s/([^^A-Za-z0-9\-_.!~*'()])/ sprintf "%%%0x", ord $1 /eg; #decode $string =~ s/%([A-Fa-f\d]{2})/chr hex $1/eg;
Specify the complete URL of the destination (even if it is on the same server). This is one of the two different kinds of CGI "Location:" responses which are defined in the CGI specification for a Parsed Headers script. The other kind (an absolute URLpath) is resolved internally to the server without any HTTP redirection. The CGI specifications do not allow relative URLs in either case.
Use of CGI.pm
is strongly recommended. This example shows redirection with a complete URL. This redirection is handled by the web browser.
use CGI qw/:standard/; my $url = 'http://www.cpan.org/'; print redirect($url);
This example shows a redirection with an absolute URLpath. This redirection is handled by the local web server.
my $url = '/CPAN/index.html'; print redirect($url);
But if coded directly, it could be as follows (the final "\n" is shown separately, for clarity), using either a complete URL or an absolute URLpath.
print "Location: $url\n"; # CGI response header print "\n"; # end of headers
To enable authentication for your web server, you need to configure your web server. The configuration is different for different sorts of web servers--apache does it differently from iPlanet which does it differently from IIS. Check your web server documentation for the details for your particular server.
The HTTPD::UserAdmin and HTTPD::GroupAdmin modules provide a consistent OO interface to these files, regardless of how they're stored. Databases may be text, dbm, Berkeley DB or any database with a DBI compatible driver. HTTPD::UserAdmin supports files used by the "Basic" and "Digest" authentication schemes. Here's an example:
use HTTPD::UserAdmin (); HTTPD::UserAdmin ->new(DB => "/foo/.htpasswd") ->add($username => $password);
(contributed by brian d foy)
You can't prevent people from sending your script bad data. Even if you add some client-side checks, people may disable them or bypass them completely. For instance, someone might use a module such as LWP to access your CGI program. If you want to prevent data that try to use SQL injection or other sorts of attacks (and you should want to), you have to not trust any data that enter your program.
The perlsec documentation has general advice about data security. If you are using the DBI module, use placeholder to fill in data. If you are running external programs with system
or exec
, use the list forms. There are many other precautions that you should take, too many to list here, and most of them fall under the category of not using any data that you don't intend to use. Trust no one.
Use the Email::MIME module. It's well-tested and supports all the craziness that you'll see in the real world (comment-folding whitespace, encodings, comments, etc.).
use Email::MIME; my $message = Email::MIME->new($rfc2822); my $subject = $message->header('Subject'); my $from = $message->header('From');
If you've already got some other kind of email object, consider passing it to Email::Abstract and then using its cast method to get an Email::MIME object:
my $mail_message_object = read_message(); my $abstract = Email::Abstract->new($mail_message_object); my $email_mime_object = $abstract->cast('Email::MIME');
(contributed by brian d foy)
Use the CGI.pm
module that comes with Perl. It's quick, it's easy, and it actually does quite a bit of work to ensure things happen correctly. It handles GET, POST, and HEAD requests, multipart forms, multivalued fields, query string and message body combinations, and many other things you probably don't want to think about.
It doesn't get much easier: the CGI.pm
module automatically parses the input and makes each value available through the param()
function.
use CGI qw(:standard); my $total = param( 'price' ) + param( 'shipping' ); my @items = param( 'item' ); # multiple values, same field name
If you want an object-oriented approach, CGI.pm
can do that too.
use CGI; my $cgi = CGI->new(); my $total = $cgi->param( 'price' ) + $cgi->param( 'shipping' ); my @items = $cgi->param( 'item' );
You might also try CGI::Minimal which is a lightweight version of the same thing. Other CGI::* modules on CPAN might work better for you, too.
Many people try to write their own decoder (or copy one from another program) and then run into one of the many "gotchas" of the task. It's much easier and less of a hassle to use CGI.pm
.
(partly contributed by Aaron Sherman)
This isn't as simple a question as it sounds. There are two parts:
a) How do I verify that an email address is correctly formatted?
b) How do I verify that an email address targets a valid recipient?
Without sending mail to the address and seeing whether there's a human on the other end to answer you, you cannot fully answer part b, but the Email::Valid module will do both part a and part b as far as you can in real-time.
Our best advice for verifying a person's mail address is to have them enter their address twice, just as you normally do to change a password. This usually weeds out typos. If both versions match, send mail to that address with a personal message. If you get the message back and they've followed your directions, you can be reasonably assured that it's real.
A related strategy that's less open to forgery is to give them a PIN (personal ID number). Record the address and PIN (best that it be a random one) for later processing. In the mail you send, include a link to your site with the PIN included. If the mail bounces, you know it's not valid. If they don't click on the link, either they forged the address or (assuming they got the message) following through wasn't important so you don't need to worry about it.
The MIME::Base64 package handles this as well as the MIME/QP encoding. Decoding base 64 becomes as simple as:
use MIME::Base64; my $decoded = decode_base64($encoded);
The Email::MIME module can decode base 64-encoded email message parts transparently so the developer doesn't need to worry about it.
Ask them for it. There are so many email providers available that it's rather unlikely the local system has any idea how to determine a user's email address. The one notable exception is for organization-specific email (e.g<EMAIL_ADDRESS>where policy can be codified in your program. In that case, you can look at $ENV{USER}, $ENV{LOGNAME}, and getpwuid($<) in scalar context, like so:
my $user_name = getpwuid($<)
But note that you still cannot make any assumptions about whether this is correct unless your policy says it is. And then there are things like localpart extensions (foo+bar@example.com). You really are best off asking the user.
Use the Email::MIME and Email::Sender::Simple modules, like so:
# first, create your message my $message = Email::MIME->create( header_str => [ From =><EMAIL_ADDRESS>To =><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Subject => 'Happy birthday!', ], body_str => 'Happy birthday to you!', ); use Email::Sender::Simple qw(sendmail); sendmail($message);
By default, Email::Sender::Simple will try `sendmail` first, if it exists in your $PATH. This generally isn't the case. If there's a remote mail server you use to send mail, consider investigating one of the Transport classes. At time of writing, the available transports include:
This is the default. If you can use the mail(1) or mailx(1) program to send mail from the machine where your code runs, you should be able to use this.
This transport contacts a remote SMTP server over TCP. It optionally uses SSL and can authenticate to the server via SASL.
This is like the SMTP transport, but uses TLS security. You can authenticate with this module as well, using any mechanisms your server supports after STARTTLS.
Telling Email::Sender::Simple to use your transport is straightforward.
sendmail( $message, { transport => $email_sender_transport_object, } );
Email::MIME directly supports multipart messages. Email::MIME objects themselves are parts and can be attached to other Email::MIME objects. Consult the Email::MIME documentation for more information, including all of the supported methods and examples of their use.
Use the Email::Folder module, like so:
use Email::Folder; my $folder = Email::Folder->new('/path/to/email/folder'); while(my $message = $folder->next_message) { # next_message returns Email::Simple objects, but we want # Email::MIME objects as they're more robust my $mime = Email::MIME->new($message->as_string); }
There are different classes in the Email::Folder namespace for supporting various mailbox types. Note that these modules are generally rather limited and only support reading rather than writing.
(contributed by brian d foy)
The Net::Domain module, which is part of the Standard Library starting in Perl 5.7.3, can get you the fully qualified domain name (FQDN), the host name, or the domain name.
use Net::Domain qw(hostname hostfqdn hostdomain); my $host = hostfqdn();
The Sys::Hostname module, part of the Standard Library, can also get the hostname:
use Sys::Hostname; $host = hostname();
The Sys::Hostname::Long module takes a different approach and tries harder to return the fully qualified hostname:
use Sys::Hostname::Long 'hostname_long'; my $hostname = hostname_long();
To get the IP address, you can use the gethostbyname
built-in function to turn the name into a number. To turn that number into the dotted octet form (a.b.c.d) that most people expect, use the inet_ntoa
function from the Socket module, which also comes with perl.
use Socket; my $address = inet_ntoa( scalar gethostbyname( $host || 'localhost' ) );
Use the Net::NNTP or News::NNTPClient modules, both available from CPAN. This can make tasks like fetching the newsgroup list as simple as
perl -MNews::NNTPClient -e 'print News::NNTPClient->new->list("newsgroups")'
(contributed by brian d foy)
The LWP family of modules (available on CPAN as the libwww-perl distribution) can work with FTP just like it can with many other protocols. LWP::Simple makes it quite easy to fetch a file:
use LWP::Simple; my $data = get( 'ftp://some.ftp.site/some/file.txt' );
If you want more direct or low-level control of the FTP process, you can use the Net::FTP module (in the Standard Library since Perl 5.8). Its documentation has examples showing you just how to do that.
(contributed by brian d foy)
Use one of the RPC modules you can find on CPAN ( http://search.cpan.org/search?query=RPC&mode=all ).
Copyright (c) 1997-2010 Tom Christiansen, Nathan Torkington, and other authors as noted. All rights reserved.
This documentation is free; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
Irrespective of its distribution, all code examples in this file are hereby placed into the public domain. You are permitted and encouraged to use this code in your own programs for fun or for profit as you see fit. A simple comment in the code giving credit would be courteous but is not required.
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5 minutes
control groups (cgroups) - Introduction
The Linux Kernel is full of mysteries and tools which can help boost the performance, improve the efficiency and at the same time break the system. This series mainly focuses on the “cgroups” feature in the Linux Kernel. There will be a series of posts explaining, demonstrating, and tweaking it.
Part I - Introduction
What is cgroups
cgroups is a feature available to the end user which is present in Linux Kernel. It can be used in limiting, prioritizing, accounting and controlling the resources to a specific group of processes/tasks.
A resource may be CPU time, Memory, Network bandwidth, etc. For example, if a browser (or) any application uses more than 25% of the memory, it can be limited to use not more than 15% with the help of cgroups.
As the name says, it is a group of processes aggregated/partitioned. The cgroups is organised hierarchically, which makes the child inherit the parent’s limits/configuration.
The Model
The hierarchy is implemented everywhere in the Linux Kernel. The hierarchy is set of cgroups arranged in tree. Take init process, it is the first thing that starts after the boot, this makes it the parent of all the other processes. The Linux Model is a single hierarchy/tree.
Whereas the cgroup model can have different groups of hierarchies, making it an unconnected trees of tasks. Multiple hierarchy means that for each subsystem there exist a cgroup model.
Development
It seems weird and interesting that the idea of cgroups was first coined by Google, mainly the Devs - Paul Menage and Rohit Seth. It was first implemented in the year of 2006 and named as “Process Containers”. Later on the it has been to changed to “control groups” due to the name having containers which caused a lot of confusions.
The control groups were first implemented in Linux Kernel version 2.6.24 (released in 2008). Continuing from there on, the developers have been adding features and supporting it till date. The features include kernfs, unified hierarchy, firewalling, etc.
Overall there were two versions of cgroups. The v1 which was developed by the devs from google and the v2 was developed by Tejun Heo after acquiring it. The v2 was first implemented in Linux Kernel version 4.5 (released in 2016).
Why do we need it?
There were many attempts to create a system that can help in tracking the resources. But they lack in grouping/partitioning of processes which lead to forking or creating child processes in the same group as their parent.
The cgroups provide the required mechanisms to implement this efficiently. cgroups has also provided multiple hierarchy support, which would help in dividing different tasks for different subsystems. This enables parallel hierarchy that helps in handling complex combinations of processes, without which would to lead to combinations of tasks in the same cgroup.
Example (Taken from 5)
Consider the above hierarchy which illustrate the use of multiple hierarchy in a university where various users like professors, students and system use the same server. The usage is divided in the following way
Memory:
- Professors - 45%
- Students - 30%
- System - 25%
Disk:
- Professors - 45%
- Students - 30%
- System - 25%
Network:
- WWW Browsing - 25%
- Network File System - 55%
- Others - 20%
When we use multiple hierarchy, the tasks can be classified differently for different resources, like allocating resource subsystems into different hierarchies, we can easily modify the system to work differently depending on who is using.
When we only use a single hierarchy, the admin needs to create a separate cgroup for every specific application used and needs to allocate the resources. Single hierarchy also makes it hard to provide enhanced privileges to a user.
Alternative
There are three different system calls that can be used to limit the resources to a specific process/tasks.
getrlimit
setrlimit
prlimit
Calls to the getrlimit
and setrlimit
system allow a process to read and set limitations on the system resources it may consume. The prlimit
allows the resource limits of a process specified by PID to be set and read.
For more understanding and usage, check the man pages:
Different cgroups
There are 12 different types of cgroups in Linux:
blkio
- Block I/O (or) set limits to read/write from/to.cpu
- Control CPU time using CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler).cpuacct
- Reports are generated regarding the usage of CPU resources by a process.cpuset
- Assings inividual CPUs and memory nodes to tasks (in a single cgroup).devices
- Allow/Deny access to devices.freezer
- Suspends/Resumes a process.hugetlb
- Allows/Denys the use of huge pages for a specific group.memory
- Set limits on usage for memory for a task/process.net_cls
- Allows to note/mark specific packets from a group.net_prio
- Set the priority dynamically to the network traffic.perf_event
- Allows access to a perf events to a group.pids
- To limit the number of process/tasks from being forked for cloned when a certain limit is reached.
Enabled cgroups
To see the what/which cgroups are present in your system:
cat /proc/cgroups
You can also see via sysfs:
ls -l /sys/fs/cgroup/
To get cgroups for a specific PID, we can use cat /proc/[PID]/cgroup/.
To get the PIDs use:
ps -d
I will be showing the cgroups of the ZSH shell (PID: 72980)
cat /proc/72980/cgroup
Continued
This is a series that explains the cgroups. The following posts will be demonstrating and tweaking the cgroups.
Resources
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cgroups#cite_ref-4
- https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/cgroups
- https://www.grant.pizza/blog/understanding-cgroups/#practically-using-cgroups
- https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/performance_tuning_guide/chap-red_hat_enterprise_linux-performance_tuning_guide-overview
- https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroup-v1/cgroups.txt
- https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroup-v1/
- https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroup-v2.txt
- https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/cgroups.7.html#CGROUPS_VERSION_1
- https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/cgroups.7.html#CGROUPS_VERSION_2
- https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Cgroups/linux-cgroups-1.html


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|
adevs
|
#include <adevs_abstract_simulator.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| void | addEventListener (EventListener< X, T > *l) |
| void | removeEventListener (EventListener< X, T > *l) |
| Remove an event listener. | |
| virtual T | nextEventTime ()=0 |
| Get the model's next event time. | |
| virtual void | execUntil (T tend)=0 |
| Execute the simulator until the next event time is greater than tend. | |
| virtual | ~AbstractSimulator () |
| Destructor leaves the model intact. | |
| void | notify_output_listeners (Devs< X, T > *model, const X &value, T t) |
| Notify listeners of an output event. | |
| void | notify_state_listeners (Atomic< X, T > *model, T t) |
| Notify listeners of a state change. | |
This is the base class for all simulators. It defines an interface that is supported by all derived classes and provides some basic helper routines for those derived classes.
|
inline |
Add an event listener that will be notified of output events produced by the model.
Referenced by adevs::ModelWrapper< ExternalType, InternalType, T >::ModelWrapper().


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Welcome! This page collects tutorials written by the Pyro community. If you’re having trouble finding or understanding anything here, please don’t hesitate to ask a question on our forum!
New users: getting from zero to one¶
If you’re new to probabilistic programming or variational inference, you might want to start by reading the series Introductory Tutorials, especially the Introduction to Pyro. If you’re new to PyTorch, you may also benefit from reading the official introduction “Deep Learning with PyTorch.”
After that, you’re ready to get started using Pyro! (Yes, really!) Follow the instructions on the front page to install Pyro and look carefully through the series Practical Pyro and PyTorch, especially the first Bayesian regression tutorial. This tutorial goes step-by-step through solving a simple Bayesian machine learning problem with Pyro, grounding the concepts from the introductory tutorials in runnable code. Industry users interested in serving predictions from a trained model in C++ should also read the PyroModule tutorial.
Most users who reach this point will also find our guide to tensor shapes in Pyro essential reading. Pyro makes extensive use of the behavior of “array broadcasting” baked into PyTorch and other array libraries to parallelize models and inference algorithms, and while it can be difficult to understand this behavior initially, applying the intuition and rules of thumb there will go a long way toward making your experience smooth and avoiding nasty shape errors.
Core functionality: Deep learning, discrete variables and customizable inference¶
A basic familiarity with this introductory material is all you will need to dive right into exploiting Pyro’s two biggest strengths: integration with deep learning and automated exact inference for discrete latent variables. The former is described with numerous examples in the series Deep Generative Models. All are elaborations on the basic idea of the variational autoencoder, introduced in great detail in the first tutorial of this series.
Pyro’s facility with discrete latent variable models like the hidden Markov model is surveyed in the series Discrete Latent Variables. Making use of this in your own work will require careful reading of our overview and programming guide that opens this series.
Another feature of Pyro is its programmability, the subject of a series of tutorials in Customizing Inference. Users working with large models where only part of the model needs special attention may be interested in pyro.contrib.easyguide, introduced in the first tutorial of the series. Meanwhile, machine learning researchers interested in developing variational inference algorithms may wish to peruse the guide to implementing custom variational objectives, and a companion example that walks through implementing “Boosting BBVI”.
Particularly enthusiastic users and potential contributors, especially those interested in contributing to Pyro’s core components, may even be interested in how Pyro itself works under the hood, partially described in the series Understanding Pyro's Internals. The mini-pyro example contains a complete and heavily commented implementation of a small version of the Pyro language in just a few hundred lines of code, and should serve as a more digestable introduction to the real thing.
Tools for specific problems¶
Pyro is a mature piece of open-source software with “batteries included.” In addition to the core machinery for modelling and inference, it includes a large toolkit of dedicated domain- or problem-specific modelling functionality.
One particular area of strength is time-series modelling via pyro.contrib.forecasting, a library for scaling hierarchical, fully Bayesian models of multivariate time series to thousands or millions of series and datapoints. This is described in the series Application: Time Series.
Another area of strength is probabilistic machine learning with Gaussian processes. pyro.contrib.gp, described in the series Application: Gaussian Processes, is a library within Pyro implementing a variety of exact or approximate Gaussian process models compatible with Pyro’s inference engines. Pyro is also fully compatible with GPyTorch, a dedicated library for scalable GPs, as described in their Pyro example series.
List of Tutorials¶
- Bayesian Regression - Introduction (Part 1)
- Bayesian Regression - Inference Algorithms (Part 2)
- Tensor shapes in Pyro
- Modules in Pyro
- High-dimensional Bayesian workflow, with applications to SARS-CoV-2 strains
- Interactive posterior predictives checks
- Using the PyTorch JIT Compiler with Pyro
- Example: distributed training via Horovod
- Example: distributed training via PyTorch Lightning
- Variational Autoencoders
- The Semi-Supervised VAE
- Conditional Variational Auto-encoder
- Normalizing Flows - Introduction (Part 1)
- Deep Markov Model
- Attend Infer Repeat
- Example: Causal Effect VAE
- Example: Sparse Gamma Deep Exponential Family
- Probabilistic Topic Modeling
- scANVI: Deep Generative Modeling for Single Cell Data with Pyro
- Inference with Discrete Latent Variables
- Gaussian Mixture Model
- Dirichlet Process Mixture Models in Pyro
- Example: Toy Mixture Model With Discrete Enumeration
- Example: Hidden Markov Models
- Example: Capture-Recapture Models (CJS Models)
- Example: hierarchical mixed-effect hidden Markov models
- Example: Discrete Factor Graph Inference with Plated Einsum
- Example: Amortized Latent Dirichlet Allocation
- MLE and MAP Estimation
- Doing the same thing with AutoGuides
- Writing guides using EasyGuide
- Customizing SVI objectives and training loops
- Boosting Black Box Variational Inference
- Example: Neural MCMC with NeuTraReparam
- Example: Sparse Bayesian Linear Regression
- Example: reducing boilerplate with
pyro.contrib.autoname
- Example: analyzing baseball stats with MCMC
- Example: Inference with Markov Chain Monte Carlo
- Example: MCMC with an LKJ prior over covariances
- Compiled Sequential Importance Sampling
- Example: Sequential Monte Carlo Filtering
- Example: importance sampling
- The Rational Speech Act framework
- Understanding Hyperbole using RSA
- Example: Utilizing Predictive and Deterministic with MCMC and SVI


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Add organisations to your application team. If you wish to remove a sole member of an organisation, you must add a replacement member first.
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Creating A Great Web Site Footer
One of the most important locations on your website is the footer. Yes, seriously. It may not be the area of the greatest design or most impressive content but it is a place where users frequently look for information. So it is vitally important that you don’t neglect this area when planning a web design project.
One of the most important locations on your website is the footer. Yes, seriously. It may not be the area of the greatest design or most impressive content but it is a place where users frequently look for information. So it is vitally important that you don’t neglect this area when planning a web design project.
Keep The Design Simple
Yes, this is one of the keys to most design projects, but it is worth stating right off the bat. Simple design is important when working with a lot of information, which will likely be the case for a footer. Stick to clean elements, plenty of space and organize with purpose. Try to avoid clutter and think about what elements will live in your footer and why they should be there. Footer size is often related to the amount of information and number of pages on your website.
Many web sites use color, icons and text in the footer but it is simple and has great flow. Every link is easy to click and the subtle detail with the farm image in the green box is a nice touch.
Link To Your Information
Two of the most important links in any website footer go to the “About Us” and “Contact Us” pages. Users will want to know who you are and what your company or brand is about. Make it easy to find that information. Many will also want to know about your team members and how to reach them. (This is a vital tool. Many people lose business cards and will return to your website to retrieve that contact information.) Heckford includes plenty of links to the company, social media and information about their work.
Include Basic Contact Information
While you should link to a full “Contact Us” page, including relevant contact information in the footer is nice as well. Include a main phone number, email address and physical address. (Bonus points for setting each element up so that it auto dials, emails or maps when clicked.)
The Root Studio created a footer that almost goes against everything you imagine when you think “footer,” but it works. The text is large (as well as the box that contains it) and it is boiled down to a super simple list of contact information. (This is a n impactful design concept for a website that wants users to contact them for projects and work.)
Organize Footer Links
Grouping like footer items can create a nice sense of organization for links and information. Consider several columns (or rows) of relevant information such as contact, links, services, social media and sections from your most popular pages. Place each section under and header so that every element is easy to see and find. Sugar Sync includes multiple columns of information for easy access to footer information. With “Product,” “Company,” Learn More” and “Connect with Us” headers, it is easy to find the part of the site you want to use next.
Include A Copyright Notice
This tiny line of text can be a lifesaver. Don’t forget it. While most sites include it as a single line across the bottom of the screen, you can design it to be more integrated into the rest of the footer. A copyright notice can be written or include the small, circular “c” symbol. The text often includes the year of publication and name of the copyright owner. Multiple copyright notices can account for content and design (for sites that are partially created by a third party.)
Adventure.com keeps it simple with a copyright notice at the bottom right of the screen. The information features low-contrast type so that it does not get in the way of more important footer navigation elements.
Definition List
Cryptids of Cornwall:
- Beast of Bodmin
- A large feline inhabiting Bodmin Moor.
- Morgawr
- A sea serpent.
- Owlman
- A giant owl-like creature.


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @(params: Map[String, Any]) @agencyName() = {@params("agencyName")} @uk.gov.hmrc.hmrcemailrenderer.templates.helpers.html.template_main(params, "You can start using access groups", isWelsh=false) {
Dear @agencyName
You have turned on access groups in your agent services account and your client details have now been processed. We could not retrieve all your client references, but you can enter these manually. To do this, select ‘Manage clients’ under ‘Manage account’.
To create access groups, sign in to your agent services account and select 'Manage account'.
Do not reply to this email – it is an automatic message from an unmonitored account.
From HMRC Agent Services team
}


Let's add some styles to our .heading div. As you can see it's using .heading class name. While selecting elements you should always be as specific as possible to make sure that your styles won't be applied to som other elements.
In this case we would like to target element having heading class inside our body element. While using SASS this is very intuitive.
What we have to do is just nest our target element under the parent one:
body {
background-color: map-get($colors, background);
font-family: $font-stack;
.heading {
width: 600px;
height: 400px;
margin: auto;
position:absolute;
top: 0px; bottom: 0px; right: 0px; left: 0px;
}
}
Now when you check compiled css file, you will notice that SASS compiler obviously didn't nest .heading declaration inside body, but created correct combinator:
body {
background-color: #dddddd;
font-family: Courier New;
}
body .heading {
width: 600px;
height: 400px;
margin: auto;
position: absolute;
top: 0px;
bottom: 0px;
right: 0px;
left: 0px;
}
Obviously we can nest selectors even deeper:
body {
background-color: color(background);
font-family: $font-stack;
.heading {
width: 600px;
height: 400px;
margin: auto;
position:absolute;
top: 0px; bottom: 0px; right: 0px; left: 0px;
.title{
text-align: center;
font-size: 80px;
font-weight: normal;
margin-bottom: 0px;
}
.subtitle{
text-align: center;
font-size: 30px;
}
}
}
Let's add remaining styles for our register button:
body {
background-color: color(background);
font-family: $font-stack;
.heading {
width: 600px;
height: 400px;
margin: auto;
position:absolute;
top: 0px; bottom: 0px; right: 0px; left: 0px;
.title{
text-align: center;
font-size: 80px;
font-weight: normal;
margin-bottom: 0px;
}
.subtitle{
text-align: center;
font-size: 30px;
}
.register{
width:180px;
height:50px;
font-weight: bold;
margin: 50px auto;
display: block;
background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0);
border: 3px solid white;
border-radius: 5px;
transition: background-color 1000ms, color 1000ms;
}
.register:hover{
background-color: white;
color: #222222;
transition: background-color 1000ms, color 1000ms;
}
}
}
when you check output css file, you will notice that except for transition
property, you will see also a -webkit-transition:
with the same values.
This is because historically transition
was vendor specific, so we had to create a vendor specific attributes (i.e. Chrome supported -webkit-transition, while opera required o-transition)
Luckily currently transition
is accepted by most of the browser and covers about 85% web users.
Another very useful SASS option which makes our code less verbose is an easier way to define styles for pseudo classes
Instead of repeating the class name:
.register{
...
}
.register:hover{
...
}
We can simply use &:hover
syntax:
.register{
...
&:hover{
...
}
}
Final code:
.register{
width:180px;
height:50px;
font-weight: bold;
margin: 50px auto;
display: block;
background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0);
border: 3px solid white;
border-radius: 5px;
transition: background-color 1000ms, color 1000ms;
&:hover{
background-color: white;
color: #222222;
transition: background-color 1000ms, color 1000ms;
}
}
Note: In case of after/before you will need to ::
i.e.: &::after
Since we know how to do that, let's move to learn how to use functions.


Think left!
Think all right man yes sir!


|
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|
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| Trader Name: | Your alias in the game |
| Rank and Exp: | The experience points you have accumulated, the number of alignment points you have accumulated and the title you have received |
| Times Blown Up: | The number of times your ship has been destroyed |
| Ship Name: | The name of the ship you are now using |
| Ship Info: | Manufacturer and model |
| Ported: | The number of times this ship has docked at a Trading Port |
| Kills: | Number of other player's ships destroyed by this ship |
| Turns to Warp: | How many turns used to move this ship one sector |
| Date Built: | The date this ship was purchased |
| Current Sector: | Your current location |
| Turns Left: | Number of turns remaining for this ship |
| Total Holds: | Number of holds this ship is carrying (This display also shows the breakdown of the cargo in the holds) |
|
|
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|


Hi, I’m Yanqing Wang, a first-year master’s student in Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), majoring in Computer Science.
I am concentrated on web application development, and most familiar with Django, Vue.js and React.js. The projects I am most proud of are:
- Node.js-powered Signal Visualization Platform
- Django-based Graduate School Application Community
I am now actively seeking 2019 summer SDE/SWE internship. If you have any position available, please contact me!
Skills
Work Experiences
Developed a signal visualization platform based on Node.js, Express.js and Vue.js.
- Implemented the web service with Vue.js, Express.js on Mongoose/MongoDB
- Developed the Vue.js based frontend with vue-cli, vue-router, vuex for mutations and states
- Developed Ajax requests/responses with Axios; used Highcharts for live data visualization
- Developed Express backend server with Pug as the view engine; integrated npm, Webpack
- Used MongoDB/Mongoose for signal data storage; used Redis for web cache, and Nginx as reverse proxy
Participated in developing speech recognition (ASR) system with sparse DNN, and developed a website to visualize experiment results.
- Implemented sparsely-connected DNNs with Python 2.7 and C++ based on Kaldi in CentOS 7
- Analyzed the importance of DNN nodes/connections with Python 2.7, NumPy, SciPy and Pandas; used C++ and Eigen to modify DNN topology and conduct node/connection pruning
- Reduced DNN model size by 83% by utilizing optimal brain damage to conduct DNN pruning
- Developed a website with Apache, Bootstrap 4, jQuery, PHP 5 and Microsoft SQL Server to show the results
Developed a system to detect drivers’ distraction and visualize it based on Qt5.
- Designed and developed QML GUI and C++/STL backend application
- Developed multi-thread backend with QThread, and implemented data transfer with QTcpSocket
- Implemented SVM for EEG signal classification with LIBSVM
Projects
An experience sharing community for students in BUPT, developed with Django and React.
- Implemented the web service with Python 2.7, Django and deployed on AWS
- Developed ReactJS frontend with Redux, redux-thunk, redux-form and Material-UI
- Developed MVC backend with Django on MySQL; used Celery and RabbitMQ for backend jobs
- Used django-cachalot for ORM query cache and Redis as the web content cache
- Improved user editing experience with CKEditor; utilized Django Haystack to optimize the search functionality; used Django ImageKit to process uploaded pictures
An experience sharing community for students in BUPT, developed with Django and React.
- Develop an Android App with Java and Android Studio to collect Wi-Fisignal data using WifiManager Module; used SQLite as local storage, and sent data to the remote server with Volley
- Implemented k-NN, SVM, and CNN with Python 2.7, scikit-learn and TensorFlow for signal classification; utilized Twisted to send recognition result to client
- Used C++, Asio and WebSocket++ to receive data from the server, and visualized the human activity with Qt Widgets


Kurt Schlueter
Home
Project
Resume
Blog
About
Contact
Some random content in here. Maybe a blurb about myself. With an image.


Sripuram Golden Temple is a Mahalakshmi temple, which was inaugurated on 24th August, 2007. The temple covering and the sculptures are made of more than 1500 kg of pure gold.Spread over an area of 4,04,685.642 sq m, this temple is one of the largest golden temples in the world. It was constructed by the Vellore-based Sri Narayani Peedam.
The spiritual leader, Sri Sakthi Amma, who is also known as Narayani Amma, heads this temple. Located eight kilometres from the Vellore Bus Terminus, the temple is well connected. It is 12.3 kilometers from vellore.
Visiting Timings:-4am to 7pm
The Vellore Fort, formerly the headquarters of the Vijayanagara Empire, is a large 16th-century fort in Vellore. The administration of this fort passed from the Vijayanagara kings to the Bijapur Sultans. From them, this fort went into the hands of the Marathas and then to the Carnatic Nawabs. Later the fort went under the administration of the British.
Sprawling over an area of 5,38,231.90 sq m, the fort houses a temple, mosque and church, along with several other buildings. This fort has one of the best military architectures in Southern India.The fort is also known for its ramparts, moat and masonry. Sri Jalakandeswarar Temple which lies within the fort, is known for its sculptures. Dedicated to Jalakandeswarar, this temple has a double gopuram and mandapam.
This fort also includes Muthu Mandapam, which is a memorial, built around the tombstone of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha. The fort also houses a church and a mosque that were constructed during the early British period and the last Arcod Nawab's period, respectively.The Government Museum inside this fort displays objects from anthropology, botany, geology, numismatics, pre-history, and zoology. It is 1.4 kilometers from vellore.
Visiting Timings:-8AM–6PM
This is both historically and from a religious point of view a very good place to visit. The architecture is simply amazing. I suggest to read up about the temple before the visit to truly appreciate it. There is a tunnel from a nearby fort connecting here thats almost 5 km long. The gopurams here really depict our history. The aarti is really a sight to behold. A must for a person visiting the city. It is 16 kilometers from vellore railway station.
Visiting Timings:-6am to 11am and 4pm to 8pm
The Jalakandeswarar Temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, who is worshipped here in the form of Jalakandeswarar. The temple is named Jalakandeswarar, as it is located at a lower height than the temple moat.This temple was once closed for a very long time, when its main deity was taken away to a distant location. According to the locals, the deity was brought back in 1980 when the region suffered from a severe water scarcity. It is 1.6 kilometers from vellore.
Visiting Timings:-6:30am to 1pm and 6 pm to 8:30pm
This is a very popular temple in the city that is visited everyday by thousands. The temple is well maintained and the lines for darshan are also well organized. It is near the bus stand and on the banks of the river Palar. A nice place to go with family. It is 4.5 kilometers from vellore.
Visiting Timings:-6:00 AM -8:00 PM
Visited this holy temple namely Arulmigu Balamurugan Tirukkovil at Village Rathinagiri. The temple is on Kanchi-Vellore Highway just 10-12 km before Vellore.Ratnagiri Balamurugan Temple is an ancient Murugan Temple. It was built around the 14th century. It is situated on top of a hill. Ancient Hindu scriptures say where there is a hill, there is Lord Murugan. They take nominal entry fees of Rs. 5 from each pilgrims. Must visit place when you are at Vellore. It is 4.6 kilometers from vellore.
Visiting Timings:-6:00 AM -8:00 PM
The State Government Museum is a prominent tourist attraction within the Vellore Fort. This museum was opened in 1985. The museum holds a display of numerous objects of art, archaeology, pre-history, weapons and sculptures. There are also exhibits of wood carvings, handicrafts, numismatics, philately, botany, geology and zoology.
One of the galleries in the museum holds a display of the historical monuments of the composite North Arcot District. The museum also has an exhibit of a bronze double antenna sword, which belongs to the Vellore Taluk and dates back to around 400 BC.
Among other exhibits of the museum are stone sculptures from the late Pallava to the Vijayanagar periods and ivory chess boards and coins that were used by Vikrama Raja Singha. It is 1.7 kilometers from vellore.
Visiting Timings:-9:00 AM -6:00 PM


[gecode-users] Naive CCP ask in Gecode
Mauricio Toro
mauriciotorob at gmail.com
Mon Mar 10 13:31:11 CET 2008
Hello all,
I am trying to use Gecode for make some ccp processes.
something like:
when a = 1 do tell b = 1
|| when b = 1 do tell c = 1
|| tell a = 1
|| when b = 1 and c = 1 do tell answer = true
with a,b,c all in the same intvararray (in the same space),
how can i make that?
thanks
2008/3/10, Mikael Zayenz Lagerkvist <zayenz at gmail.com>:
>
> Hi,
>
> If you are using a Gecode Space in a concurrent setting, there are a
> couple of things that you must observe.
>
> First of all, a Space is not reentrant. Thus you must serialize all
> accesses to the Space object.
>
> Secondly, if you want to manipulate two different Spaces concurrently,
> you must make sure that they do not share any data structures. This is
> done by passing false as the share argument when cloning a Space.
>
> Cheers,
> Mikael
>
>
> On Mon, Mar 10, 2008 at 12:54 PM, Mauricio Toro <mauriciotorob at gmail.com>
> wrote:
> > Hello,
> >
> > I am trying to do a naive CCP ask in Gecode and
> > I am getting "Bus error".
> >
> > The idea is doing this process inside a thread
> > ask (a = 1) do tell( b = 1)
> >
> > I am doing it like this:
> >
> > while ( not root[i].assigned() ){ };
> > if (root[i].val() == 1)
> > rel(this, root[j], IRT_EQ, 1);
> >
> > Any clues why I am getting "Bus error",
> >
> > Thanks
> >
> > --
> > Mauricio Toro Bermudez
> > Estudiante de Ingeniería de Sistemas
> > Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
> >
> > Stagiare à l'Ircam
> > 1, place Igor-Stravinsky 75004 Paris,
> > France de 2008 à 2009
>
> > _______________________________________________
> > Gecode users mailing list
> > users at gecode.org
> > https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
> >
> >
>
>
>
>
> --
> Mikael Zayenz Lagerkvist, http://www.ict.kth.se/~zayenz/
>
--
Mauricio Toro Bermudez
Estudiante de Ingeniería de Sistemas
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
Stagiare à l'Ircam
1, place Igor-Stravinsky 75004 Paris,
France de 2008 à 2009
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CAL + Ledger: Sign a message (Bitcoin)
From:
Message:
Sign
Result:
For errors and logs, check console


  He gave you ears, eyes, and hearts so that perhaps you would give Him thanks. |
| 016:078 Shakir | : |
And Allah has brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers-- you did not know anything-- and He gave you hearing and sight and hearts that you may give thanks. |
| 016:078 Sherali | : |
And ALLAH has brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers while you knew nothing, and gave you ears and eyes and hearts, that you may be grateful. |
| 016:078 Yusufali | : |
It is He Who brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers when ye knew nothing; and He gave you hearing and sight and intelligence and affections: that ye may give thanks (to Allah). |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > وحدانيته Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> Singularity and Being Unique الإيمان > الغيب > الغيب النفسي > الفؤاد Faith> The Unseen World> The Psychological Secret> The Heart الإنسان والعلاقات الاجتماعية > الإنسان > شرفه ودنوه Man and The Social Relations>Man>When Honourable and When Unhonourable الإنسان والعلاقات الاجتماعية > الرجل والمرأة Man and The Social Relations>Man and Woman العلوم والفنون > الحقائق العلمية و الإشاة إلى وقائع أيدتهاالإكتشافات العلمية > الإنسان وخلقه Science and Art> The Scientific Facts and the Indication to Facts which have been supported by the Scientific Discoveries>Man and his Creation
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


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| PROFILE | |
|---|---|
| JOB TITLE | Front End Developer |
| LOCATION | Canyon City, CO |
| EMPLOYMENT TYPE | Full-Time |
| EXPERIENCE | Entry |
| STATUS | Actively Searching |
| ABOUT | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Exercitationem quisquam quos, veniam illo odit, obcaecati fugiat magnam, possimus ullam hic dolorem, aliquid vero nisi mollitia error accusamus rerum beatae minima. |
| RELEASED DATE | December 3rd |
| SUGGESTED SALARY | $45,000 |


Dear Sir, CEO, Managing Director?s/Madam Please, treat this mail as urgent and important. I am Mrs. Mary Jerry Agbeyegbe. I am the wife to the late Mr. Jerry Agbeyegbe who was the Executive director of the Nigerian Aviation safely initiative. I am contacting you under a bereaved condition, I hope that you will treat this mail with special concern and reply immediately as the need is very urgent. My husband was murdered in the fee hours of Tuesday October 12, 2004 at the Alapere end of the Oworonsoki/Third Mainland Bridge, Lagos. You can read the following journals concerning my husband's death. http://www.vanguardngr.com/articles/2002/cover/f214102004.html http://www.businessdayonline.com/index.php?fArticleId=4912 He was buried on Friday the 3rd of December 2004.I have a different problem now, apart from my husband's death. The future of my children and I, are in serious danger, base on circumstances around the family in relation with the tradition of my husband's home town. We are from Aja Ojobo, Ekurede Itsekiri, Warri of Delta state of Nigeria. The tradition of this part of Nigeria, have it that once a man dies, the family members, are entitled to all his assets, including the wife and kids. This very ackward tradition has caused a lot of problems between widows, their children and the husband's family. I am married to a family of high integrities and respected men in this society, who I can not face physically in terms of problems over their late brother's assets.  Seven days after my husband's burial, I was called before the whole family to submit documents of my husband, including his bank accounts to the family base on this barbaric tradition. Base on my late husband good intension for his children, I secured one thing which will sustain us in life. My late husband made a wise provision to make sure that in case of death, I and the kids will not face the barbaric effect of the useless tradition. My husband made a deposit of us$45million with a finance firm in Europe. Like he used to tell me when he was alive, He told me times without number that death is inevitable, if he is no more for us, that I must make sure I protect his kids from any failure to bring them up in the normal way both educationally and otherwise. He advised me to make sure I do not let his brothers get to this deposit in his absence. He instructed me to seek for a good foreigner that will assist me secure the money and assist us move away from this country build up a new life. He charged himself while he was alive that our children must have the best of educations in life. My husband made money while he was alive and our kids should not suffer in the hands of the family for tradition sake. It is only for this reason that he made this secret offshore deposit outside his family knowledge. Already, my late husband kept the documents of this deposit in the custody of our lawyer friend in Amsterdam-The Netherlands. So there is no way the family will get to know this. Please base on the sensitivity of this matter, I will please plead you to keep this as a top secret. The air they said has ears. We may not know who is by the side. What I need from you is your full consent to present you to the financial firm as the beneficiary to the deposit. In this way, the finance firm will transact with you directly as the beneficiary release the deposit to you. Once you retrieve the fund, you will keep the money with you until we arrange for our coming over to meet you there in your country. When we come over, we will look for a lucrative business to invest the money. Every other arrangements concerning this, will be after you reply to this mail, give me your full contact detail and phone number, and private email where the need be. I will gladly offer you a good percentage of the money for your kind assistance. Note that your immediate reply is needed so that I will not look for another person. Thank you while I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. Mrs. Mary Agbeyegbe Pls., get back to me with this email box<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Best regards. Mrs. Mary J.Agbeyegbe ___________________________________________________________ Book yourself something to look forward to in 2005. Cheap flights - http://www.tiscali.co.uk/travel/flights/ Bargain holidays - http://www.tiscali.co.uk/travel/holidays/ ___________________________________________________________ Book yourself something to look forward to in 2005. Cheap flights - http://www.tiscali.co.uk/travel/flights/ Bargain holidays - http://www.tiscali.co.uk/travel/holidays/


A server represents an instance of Undertow and consists of several elements:
The host element provides a virtual host configuration while the three listeners provide connections of that type to the Undertow instance.
Note
Multiple servers may be configured, which allow deployments and servers to be completely isolated. This may be useful in certain scenarios such as multi-tenant environments.


NAME
zip_fdopen —
open zip archive using
open file descriptor
LIBRARY
libzip (-lzip)
SYNOPSIS
#include <zip.h>
zip_t *
zip_fdopen(
int
fd,
int flags,
int *errorp);
DESCRIPTION
The zip archive specified by the open file descriptor
fd
is opened and a pointer to a
struct zip, used to
manipulate the archive, is returned. In contrast to
zip_open(3), using
zip_fdopen the archive can only be opened in read-only mode.
The
fd argument may not be used any longer after calling
zip_fdopen. The
flags are specified by
or'ing the following values, or 0
for none of them.
-
-
ZIP_CHECKCONS
- Perform additional stricter consistency checks on the
archive, and error if they fail.
If an error occurs and
errorp is
non-NULL
, it will be set to
the corresponding error code.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion
zip_fdopen() returns a
struct zip pointer, and
fd should
not be used any longer, nor passed to
close(2). Otherwise,
NULL
is returned and
*errorp is
set to indicate the error. In the error case,
fd remains
unchanged.
ERRORS
The file specified by
fd is prepared for use by
libzip(3) unless:
-
-
- [
ZIP_ER_INCONS
]
- Inconsistencies were found in the file specified by
path. This error is often caused by specifying
ZIP_CHECKCONS
but can also happen without it.
-
-
- [
ZIP_ER_INVAL
]
- The flags argument is invalid. Not
all zip_open(3) flags are allowed
for zip_fdopen, see
DESCRIPTION.
-
-
- [
ZIP_ER_MEMORY
]
- Required memory could not be allocated.
-
-
- [
ZIP_ER_NOZIP
]
- The file specified by fd is not a zip
archive.
-
-
- [
ZIP_ER_OPEN
]
- The file specified by fd could not be
prepared for use by libzip(3).
-
-
- [
ZIP_ER_READ
]
- A read error occurred; see errno for
details.
-
-
- [
ZIP_ER_SEEK
]
- The file specified by fd does not
allow seeks.
SEE ALSO
libzip(3),
zip_close(3),
zip_error_to_str(3),
zip_open(3)
HISTORY
zip_fdopen() was added in libzip 1.0.
AUTHORS
Dieter Baron
<
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and
Thomas Klausner
<
tk@giga.or.at>


--- layout: page title: Notes permalink: /notes/ ---
These notes accompany the original Stanford CS class CS231n: Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Recognition. Many thanks to Fei-Fei Li and Andrej Karpathy for letting us use their course materials!
Additional supplementary notes provided by Erik Learned-Miller and Hang Su from the class COMPSCI 697L: Deep Learning. Thanks Erik and Hang!
Follow the preparation tutorials for Virtualenv to get setup on your home machine. Follow the AWS tutorial to get started with a student user account on Tufts' AWS GPU instances.
If you are unfamiliar with scientific computing in Python or have never used Jupyter notebooks, please follow those tutorials to get ready for this class. All homeworks are in Python and use Jupyter notebooks for problem set exercises.
L1/L2 distances, hyperparameter search, cross-validation
parameteric approach, bias trick, hinge loss, cross-entropy loss, L2 regularization, web demo
optimization landscapes, local search, learning rate, analytic/numerical gradient
chain rule interpretation, real-valued circuits, patterns in gradient flow
model of a biological neuron, activation functions, neural net architecture, representational power
preprocessing, weight initialization, batch normalization, regularization (L2/dropout), loss functions
gradient checks, sanity checks, babysitting the learning process, momentum (+nesterov), second-order methods, Adagrad/RMSprop, hyperparameter optimization, model ensembles
minimal 2D toy data example
layers, spatial arrangement, layer patterns, layer sizing patterns, AlexNet/ZFNet/VGGNet case studies, computational considerations
tSNE embeddings, deconvnets, data gradients, fooling ConvNets, human comparisons


Preparation time
1-2 hours
Cooking time
30 mins to 1 hour
Serves
Serves 8-10
Dietary
For the cake, preheat the oven to 180C/350F/Gas 4.
Lightly grease two 20cm/8in round cake tins and line the bases with baking parchment.
Whisk the sugar, eggs and olive oil together in a large bowl using an electric hand whisk for 3-4 minutes until the mixture is smooth.
Sift the flour, mixed spice and bicarbonate of soda into the bowl, tipping in the grains left in the sieve. Stir in gently. Fold the grated carrot, pecan nuts, lemon zest, sultanas, raisins and desiccated coconut into the mixture.
Spoon the mixture equally into the two cake tins and smooth the surface of each with a spatula. Bake on the centre shelf of the oven for 35-40 minutes. They should be nicely risen and feel firm and springy to the touch when lightly pressed in the centre; if not, cook for a little longer before testing again. When ready, cool for five minutes before removing the cakes from the tin and cooling completely on a wire rack.
For the icing, place all the icing ingredients in a bowl and beat together until light and fluffy. Cover the bowl with cling film and transfer to the fridge for 1-2 hours, until you are ready to ice the cake.
For the sugared carrots, place the carrots in a saucepan and just cover with cold water. Add the salt, sugar and butter. Place over a high heat and bring to the boil. Boil for 5-6 minutes - the carrots will cook as the water evaporates and a glaze will form in the base of the pan. Toss the cooked carrots in the glaze and then remove them from the pan to a plate with a bit more caster sugar. Roll them in a little more sugar, and leave to cool.
When the cakes are completely cold, spread the icing over the top of each cake and layer them up. Just before serving, scatter a few pecan nuts over the top of the cake and garnish with the sugared carrots.


Object Property: causes
http://purl.org/biotop/btl2.owl#causes
Annotations (2)
-
definition "Causation of a process is here understood as the disjunction between agency (a continuant causes a process) and as the realization of a disposition or a function, i.e. a disposition is considered the cause of a process.
" ()
-
label "causes" ()
Inverses (1)
Usage (5)


Queen 'refused to heal rift' with uncle after Wallis Simpson wedding scandal
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth is claimed to have repeatedly turned down the opportunity to offer an olive branch to Edward VIII and American wife Wallis Simpson and put on a united front in public
by Amber Hicks, https://www.facebook.com/dailymirror/The Queen refused to publicly heal the rift with her uncle after he sparked a royal crisis when he abdicated to be with his divorced American lover, according to a private diary entry.
The bombshell claim has been kept confined to the pages of royal biographer and journalist Kenneth Rose's journal since 1986.
But has now seen the light of day following his death and the decision to publish the behind-the-scenes revelations about Britain's most famous family.
An extract, published by the Daily Mail , appears to offer an intimate insight into Her Majesty's relationship with her uncle Edward VIII, who sealed her fate as monarch when he stepped down as king to marry Wallis Simpson.
At the time, the marriage was hugely frowned upon as Ms Simpson was a twice-divorced actress and deemed an unacceptable queen.
It also conflicted with Edward's religious views as a prominent figure in the Church of England.
But head over heels in love, Edward followed his heart and abdicated so he could make Ms Simpson his wife.
They moved to Paris after being 'banished' from the country and tied the knot in 1937.
Edward famously said: "I have found it impossible to carry the heavy burden of responsibility and to discharge my duties as king as I would wish to do without the help and support of the woman I love."
He added that the "decision was mine and mine alone ... The other person most nearly concerned has tried up to the last to persuade me to take a different course".
The decision sparked a constitutional crisis and forever changed the line of succession to the throne, with the Queen's father, George VI, becoming the new heir.
Relations between Edward and the rest of the Royal Family became strained for decades and there were also rows over his allowance from the Crown.
And it appears that the tensions between the Royals and the couple, who became Duke and Duchess of Windsor, continued for many years.
Her Majesty is said to have repeatedly declined to invite the pair to a day at the races as an olive branch to smooth over the factitious relationship.
Mr Rose, who died in 2014, wrote in his journal on May 4, 1986: "Edward Ford [Extra Equerry to the Queen, and her former assistant private secretary] tells me that he used to suggest to the Queen that she might publicly heal the breach with the Windsors [Edward and Wallis] by inviting them for a day or two of Ascot races, where they would be swallowed up among the other guests.
"But the Queen said no."
Her Majesty did eventually end the couples’ ban from the UK in 1967, when Ms Wallis and Edward were invited to attend the royal ceremony to dedicate a centenary memorial to the Queen’s grandmother, Edward’s mother Queen Mary.
Edward was also allowed to return alone on the days of the funerals of King George VI in 1952 and Queen Mary in 1953.
Details of the snub and other observations from Mr Rose, including how the Queen reportedly said Thatcher stayed too long and talked too much, will be published later this month.
Mr Rose also claimed the Queen once held a religious service at Sandringham after servants said it was haunted.
A Buckingham Palace spokeswoman said the claims were not something they would comment on.
- Who Loses, Who Wins: The Journals Of Kenneth Rose, Vol. II 1979-2014, will be published on November 14


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WELCOME TO RUNESCAPE 101
Runescape is MMORPG that was popular in the 2000s. It is an adventure style of game where you can do all sorts of things such as fishing, cooking, collecting items, killing monsters, exploring dungeons and even killing other players to take their stuff. There is almost no limit to the amount of activities in the game.


The virtual MIC-Phy will be happening here!
In case you have any questions please contact us via micphy2021(at)gmail.com.


HAPPY GILMORE A film review by Chad Polenz Copyright 1997 Chad Polenz
** (out of 4 = fair) 1996, PG-13, 91 minutes [1 hour, 31 minutes] [comedy] starring; Adam Sandler (Happy Gilmore), Carl Weathers (Chubbs) Christopher McDonald (Shooter McGavin), Julie Bowen (Virgina), Frances Bay (Grandma), written by Tim Herlihy, Adam Sandler, produced by Robert Simonds, directed by Dennis Ducan.
Adam Sandler is a young man full of energy and comic wit. His first film, "Billy Madison," was wild and unpredictable, but "Happy Gilmore," his follow-up is trite and cliche. I kept thinking "I know I've seen this before," and kept predicting all the jokes because of that feeling.
 He loves hockey but really stinks at it and can't comprehend his failure at th e game. One day the I.R.S. comes to his grandmother's house and repossess all of her property because she hasn't paid her taxes in ten years. This is told, blatantly, quickly, and so dumbed down it's almost a children's story, and a bad one at that.
There is a quick, token sports comedy scene in which we discover Happy has a hidden talent of hitting golf balls very far. When he goes to the local driving range he is seen by a retired golf pro named Chubbs (Weathers), who of course tells him he's gifted, and tries to convince him to go pro, but of course Happy doesn't listen until Chubbs mentions he could make money playing golf... could this get any more predictable?
Most of the movie depicts Happy's struggle to make it to the top. Along the way we watch him beat up other players, hecklers, his caddy, even Bob Barker.  Let's not forget the sexy-woman-who-won't-give-the-main-character-the-time-of-day, Virgina (Bowen), the PGA publicist who both of the men try to impress.
Cliche after cliche after cliche is not a good formula for a movie, truly good movies always do something different. Yes, "Billy Madison" was cliche, but it was much funnier because of it's total wackiness and craziness. This isn't wacky, this is just plain dumb.
Do I have to reveal the ending? I don't think so.
"Happy Gilmore" was a fair movie, but it was just too predictable. Some parts were quite funny, I'll have to admit it, but not enough to make up for the overall simpleton attitude.
[Note: What really annoyed me the most was the blatant plugs throughout this film. Never have I seen a movie that was so blatant in these plugs as this one was. Example: shots opening on Pepsi and Subway billboards, Happy's constant snacking at Subway, Happy even does a Subway commercial!]
please visit Chad'z Movie Page @ http://members.aol.com/ChadPolenz
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Due to security reason, we allow this option only for HTTPS protocol
| Checklist | State |
|---|---|
| Wallabag URL checked | Not checked |
| Permission checked | Not checked |
| Wallabag API version | Not checked |
| Wallabag API token | Not granted |
| Token expires in |
Due to security reason, we allow this option only for HTTPS protocol


Messenger:
What's the big idea, doesn't your clan already have a hall? Such greed! Surely you know the price of greed? Get out of here!


[gecode-users] Number of propagators
Christian Schulte
schulte at imit.kth.se
Wed May 24 10:57:46 CEST 2006
Actually, you are right: only propagators are considered. There is am major
difference though compared to Oz in when stability is achieved: Only clone
and status make a space stable, commit in particular does not compute a
fixpoint (this is in order to support batch recomputation). So while
propagation in Oz is eager, it is lazy in Gecode.
Cheers
Christian
--
Christian Schulte, http://www.imit.kth.se/~schulte/
-----Original Message-----
From: gustavo.ggutierrez at gmail.com [mailto:gustavo.ggutierrez at gmail.com] On
Behalf Of Gustavo Gutierrez
Sent: Tuesday, May 23, 2006 11:08 PM
To: schulte at imit.kth.se
Cc: users at gecode.org
Subject: Re: [gecode-users] Number of propagators
Hi Christian,
First of all thanks for the answer and the addition.
On 5/23/06, Christian Schulte <schulte at imit.kth.se> wrote:
> I just added two functions propagators() and branchings() to the trunk
> version that return the desired information but only if the space is
> stable.
I have a question about space stability and gecode. AFAIK, from mozart and
your PhD thesis, a space is stable when there are no threads/propagators
running. In the gecode case there are no threads but only propagators
(right?), so a space becomes stable after performing propagation in it (i.e
by calling the status method)? or are there others situations when this can
happen?
Thanks in advance,
--
Gustavo Gutierrez
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


Looking at your computer screen, what do you see? Text, colours, images, videos and much more. Everything you see, everything you store on your computer, every button you press is a stream of ones and zeros. Why? How does it work?
Computers parts are able to store data via tiny electronic components called flip-flops. They can be set to either of two states: “one” or “zero.” These components can store a single value we call a bit.
To store other values than ones and zeroes, a series of bits can be grouped. If one bit can have two different states, a group of two bits can have four. A group of four bits can have up to sixteen unique states. The amount of different states grows exponentially for every bit that is added to a group. s = n2, where s is the number of states, and n the number of bits within the group.
The de-facto standard is to call a group of bits a byte, and one byte contains 8 bits. The more explicit term for an 8-bit group is octet.
Binary is the purest representation of data on computers, but it isn’t easy to understand what the data represents. How do we get from binary to other values?
Many typed programming languages have datatypes like integers, floats, strings, etc. These datatypes tell the computer how to interpret binary data. Instead of modifying bits and bytes to add two integers, we can use arithmetic operators, like a plus (+), and the computer will know what to do at binary level. Dynamically typed languages do the same, but also removes the need to tell which variable has which type.
A common datatype is an unsigned integer (uint
). When an integer is signed, the first bit will be used to store whether the integer is a positive or negative integer. When it’s unsigned, the data type can only store positive integers. So a uint
is an integer that must be equal or greater than 0.
Let’s have look at the binary representation of such an integer, in 8 bits. A uint
is a positive integer starting from 0. Incrementing is very similar to our decimal system:
// No bits set => zero
00000000 = 0
// Increment least significant bit
00000001 = 1
// Least significant bit exceeds max, so we reset it and increment bit left of it
00000010 = 2
00000011 = 3
00101010 = 42
11111111 = 255
Understanding uint
is quite valuable, as many programming languages use the datatype as default representation for binary data.
// JavaScript
const answer = 0b00101010;
console.log(answer); // 42


Last played: {{today| amDifference:player.profile.dateLastPlayed | amDuration:'ms'}} ago
Playing now: {{player.currentActivity.type}} - {{player.currentActivity.name}} | Started {{today|
amDifference:player.currentActivity.dateActivityStarted|
amDuration:'ms'}} ago


C ProgrammingLesson 1 - A Simple Program |
| <- Back to Main PageNext Lesson -> |
Before we can start programming, we need to decide what application we will do our programming in. Technically we can open a text editor and type in there. I wouldn't advise doing this in the future, but for our first example we will use one to get some concepts down.
|
Windows: * Open Notepad * Click File then Save As * Pull down the menu next to Save as type and click on All Files * Choose whatever folder you want to save your file in * In the File name box, type any file name you want ending with ".c" (EX: test.c) Mac OS X: * Open TextEdit * Click on Format then Make Plain Text * Click on File then Save As * Click the arrow next to the Save As box to show more information * Uncheck the check boxes next to: * Hide Extension * If no extension is provided use ".txt" * Choose whatever folder you want to save your file in * In the file name box, type any file name you want ending with ".c" (EX: test.c) * Leave the Plain Text Encoding alone * Click Save * If a warning appears about saving as a ".c" extension type click on the option that allows the user to save to ".c" Linux:I assume that if you are using linux, you will probably know how to open and create a text file. Since there are so many distributions out there, I am not going to make a step by step list. Chances are you have a program like Gedit or Pluma which can edit text documents just like Notepad or TextEdit. If you do not have a Graphical User Interface (GUI) than you will have to create a file and edit it through UNIX commands. For this information you can head over to my UNIX command reference and tutorial below: |
NOTE: You should try to keep capital letters, spaces, and characters other than - and _ out of filenames. This will keep you from getting errors in some situations.
Great! Now we are ready to start with our first program.
I would recommend typing what you see below verbatim. It will help you create your own programs in the future without having to look up or copy and paste the fundementals. Don't worry about what each section does yet, because that will be covered in the next section.
#include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("Hello World"); return(0); }
Once you have completed typing this, save your file. Now if you close the file you should be able to open it back up again and see the code you just typed. But how do you run it? Hold your horses, we still need to compile this program.
A compiler transforms source code written in a programming language into machine language which the computer can read. C is a very versatile language because of the compiling process that it goes through. Once it is compiled, it can run over and over at a much faster rate than other languages. The compiler we will be using in this example is GCC.
Windows:
The easiest way to install gcc in windows is to install MinGW. Click here to download. (WARNING: Will download after 5 seconds of clicking the link.) If you want to read about it first click here.
Mac OS X:
The GCC compiler should be downloaded on your mac by default. Open up terminal and type in gcc --help. If directions are not displayed you do not have GCC installed. If so you can download xcode which includes gcc from here. Or you can skip running this program and move to the next Lesson where we will install a program that contains all the necessary elements.
Linux:
Follow the same instructions that are listed under Mac OS X. If gcc is installed try looking here. Otherwise just search in Google "Install gcc linux".
Once your gcc compiler is installed then open up Command Prompt(Windows) or Terminal(Mac OS X and Linux).
Navigate to the folder your file is stored in. To see what files are in the directory you are in type "dir". In Mac OS X and Linux only, you can also type "ls". Move into directories within the current directory by typing "cd " and then the folder name. To move back a directory type "cd ..".
Once you are in the correct folder, type in the following replacing test with your filename:
gcc test.c -o testFor more information on gcc click here.
You have just created an executable file. This file should be located in the same folder that your c file is in. Either type "test" (Your filename without the .c extension) or double click the file that has just appeared in that folder. In Linux/Mac OS X you should type "./" infront of the filename like this: ./test. The output should look something like this:
You are done with this lesson! Click here to go to the next lesson.


--- layout: post title: Send Current Webpage to Chrome from Safari in iOS with a Bookmarklet categories: [] tags: - chrome - geek - ipad - safari status: publish type: post published: true meta: _original_post_id: '' _original_import_author: John Duprey author: ---
Pretty handy. Now I think we need to make one that will send to 1Password so I can look up my password for the currently viewed site. It seems last pass has 1Pasaword beat here. They have a service that can retrieve such information.


This form will be used to keep track of how undergraduate students are funded.
Date of Submission:
Student Name:
Student's Email Address:
Student Type:
Professor Offering Funding:
Professor's Email Address:
Previous Funding:
Funding Type:
Duration:
Effective Date:
End Date:
Hourly rate:
Stipend Amount:
Grant Code:
Additional Notes:


| Success rate | Tests | Succeeded | Failed | Pending | Ignored | Skipped | 100% |
|
7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|---|
| Feature | Success rate | Tests | Succeeded | Failed | Pending | Ignored | Skipped | Duration | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Examples | 100% |
|
7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 00:00:01.4110190 |
| Test | Success rate | Tests | Succeeded | Failed | Pending | Ignored | Skipped |
|---|
| Test | Success rate | Tests | Succeeded | Failed | Pending | Ignored | Skipped | Duration | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scenario: number test | 100% |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 00:00:00.4705862 | |
| Scenario: string test | 100% |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 00:00:00.0456026 | |
| Scenario: regex generate | 100% |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 00:00:00.7335764 | |
| Scenario: table | 100% |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 00:00:00.0408375 | |
| Scenario: nested | 100% |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 00:00:00.0199527 | |
| Scenario: customerise pattern | 100% |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 00:00:00.0417778 | |
| Scenario: add calculation | 100% |
|
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 00:00:00.0586858 |
| Steps | Trace | Result |
|---|---|---|
[[var=50]] |
Succeeded in 0.124s | |
When entered int 50 |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.GivenEnteredInt(50) (0.0s) [[var=50]] |
Succeeded in 0.13s |
Then verify int 50 equals 50 |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.ThenVerifyIntEquals(50, 50) (0.0s) |
Succeeded in 0.025s |
| Steps | Trace | Result |
|---|---|---|
[[var=50]] |
Succeeded in 0.012s | |
When entered string "50" |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.GivenEnteredString("50") (0.0s) [[var=50]] |
Succeeded in 0.006s |
Then verify string "50" equals "50" |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.ThenVerifyStringEquals("50", "50") (0.0s) |
Succeeded in 0.021s |
| Steps | Trace | Result |
|---|---|---|
[[var=qmp672]] |
Succeeded in 0.201s | |
When entered string "qmp672" |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.GivenEnteredString("qmp672") (0.0s) [[var=qmp672]] |
Succeeded in 0.518s |
Then verify string "qmp672" matches "[a-z]{3}[0-9]{1,9}" |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.ThenVerifyStringMatches("qmp672", "[a-z]{3}[0-9]{1,9}") (0.0s) |
Succeeded in 0.004s |
| Steps | Trace | Result |
|---|---|---|
[[var=DesiredValue]] |
Succeeded in 0.03s | |
When use table with the following details: --- table step argument --- | Field | Value | | name | DesiredValue | |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.WhenUseTableWithTheFollowingDetails(<table>) (0.0s) [[var=DesiredValue]] |
Succeeded in 0.006s |
Then verify string "DesiredValue" equals "DesiredValue" |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.ThenVerifyStringEquals("DesiredValue", "DesiredValue") (0.0s) |
Succeeded in 0.002s |
| Steps | Trace | Result |
|---|---|---|
[[var=part1]] |
Succeeded in 0.004s | |
When entered string "part1" |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.GivenEnteredString("part1") (0.0s) [[var=part1]] [[var2=part1 part2]] |
Succeeded in 0.003s |
And entered string "part1 part2" |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.GivenEnteredString("part1 part2") (0.0s) [[var2=part1 part2]] |
Succeeded in 0.007s |
Then verify string "part1 part2" equals "part1 part2" |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.ThenVerifyStringEquals("part1 part2", "part1 part2") (0.0s) |
Succeeded in 0.001s |
| Steps | Trace | Result |
|---|---|---|
Given I have a cutomerise pattern mapping "MyKeyword" to "MyKeywordValue" |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.GivenIHaveACutomerisePatternMappingTo("MyKeyword", "MyKeywordValue") (0.0s) [[var=MyKeywordValue]] |
Succeeded in 0.028s |
When entered string "MyKeywordValue" |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.GivenEnteredString("MyKeywordValue") (0.0s) [[var=MyKeywordValue]] |
Succeeded in 0.002s |
Then verify string "MyKeywordValue" equals "MyKeywordValue" |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.ThenVerifyStringEquals("MyKeywordValue", "MyKeywordValue") (0.0s) |
Succeeded in 0.001s |
| Steps | Trace | Result |
|---|---|---|
Given I have a cutomerise pattern to support calculation |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.GivenIHaveACutomerisePatternToSupportCalculation() (0.0s) [[var=50]] |
Succeeded in 0.015s |
When entered int 50 |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.GivenEnteredInt(50) (0.0s) [[var=50]] [[var2=51]] |
Succeeded in 0.003s |
And entered int 51 |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.GivenEnteredInt(51) (0.0s) [[var2=51]] |
Succeeded in 0.002s |
Then verify int 51 equals 51 |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.ThenVerifyIntEquals(51, 51) (0.0s) [[var=50]] [[var2=100]] |
Succeeded in 0.002s |
When entered int 100 |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.GivenEnteredInt(100) (0.0s) [[var2=100]] |
Succeeded in 0.009s |
Then verify int 100 equals 100 |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.ThenVerifyIntEquals(100, 100) (0.0s) [[var=50]] [[var2=25]] |
Succeeded in 0.003s |
When entered int 25 |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.GivenEnteredInt(25) (0.0s) [[var2=25]] |
Succeeded in 0.002s |
Then verify int 25 equals 25 |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.ThenVerifyIntEquals(25, 25) (0.0s) [[var=50]] [[var=50]] [[var2=0]] |
Succeeded in 0.002s |
When entered int 0 |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.GivenEnteredInt(0) (0.0s) [[var2=0]] |
Succeeded in 0.002s |
Then verify int 0 equals 0 |
done: ExamplesStepDefinitions.ThenVerifyIntEquals(0, 0) (0.0s) |
Succeeded in 0.001s |


Utility Functions¶
-
decibel.utils.find_item_in_list.
find_item
(list_containing_list, item)[source]¶ Find the index of the list that contains the item
- Parameters
list_containing_list – List of lists; one of them must contain the item
item – The item we are looking for
- Returns
Index of the item in the outer list
>>> find_item([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]],5) 1


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