| Art-id |
label |
caption |
| PMC3921638 |
Figure 1
|
Seasonal (June-September) observed (composite of multiple ob ... |
| PMC3921638 |
Figure 2
|
Trends in the seasonal (June-September) and the annual rainf ... |
| PMC3921638 |
Figure 3
|
(a) Distribution of historical (1951–2005) simulations in se ... |
| PMC3921638 |
Figure 4
|
Correlation coefficients between CIM rainfall and (a) large ... |
| PMC3921638 |
Figure 5
|
Distribution of the climate simulations from CMIP3 (blue dot ... |
| PMC3921638 |
Figure 6
|
Multi-decadal variability expressed in terms of Cramer's t-s ... |
| PMC4459216 |
Figure 1
|
(left column) Difference in median of CMIP3 annual means, (m ... |
| PMC4459216 |
Figure 2
|
(Top) IPCC SREX regions: Domains considered in regional anal ... |
| PMC4459216 |
Figure 3
|
Ranked monthly mean ET from CMIP5 versus LandFlux-EVAL synth ... |
| PMC4887871 |
Figure 1
|
Spatial trends of observed and simulated upper-ocean tempera ... |
| PMC4887871 |
Figure 2
|
Inter-model relationships associated with global-mean upper- ... |
| PMC4887871 |
Figure 3
|
Observed and simulated upper-ocean temperature anomalies ave ... |
| PMC4887871 |
Figure 4
|
Results from optimal detection analysis of upper-ocean tempe ... |
| PMC4999053 |
Figure 1
|
(a) Overlap in occurrence of hotspots based on the historica ... |
| PMC4999053 |
Figure 2
|
Relative deviation of the decadal‐averaged surface current s ... |
| PMC4999053 |
Figure 3
|
Annual mean SST (°C) for the period 1990–2099 averaged over ... |
| PMC4999053 |
Figure 4
|
Number of years in a decade 2010–2019 (a) and 2020–2029 (b) ... |
| PMC4999053 |
Figure 5
|
Same as Fig. 3 for maximum UML depth (m). |
| PMC4999053 |
Figure 6
|
Same as Fig. 3 for annual primary production (g C m −2 yr − ... |
| PMC5141387 |
Figure 1
|
Global mean temperature anomalies in observations compared w ... |
| PMC5141387 |
Figure 2
|
Surface temperature anomalies from a 5200-year CM3 control r ... |
| PMC5141387 |
Figure 3
|
Running standard deviation of global temperatures from the C ... |
| PMC5141387 |
Figure 4
|
Composite trend maps of multidecadal internally generated gl ... |
| PMC5141387 |
Figure 5
|
Historical global mean temperature timeseries from models an ... |
| PMC5141387 |
Figure 6
|
Maps of observed and simulated surface temperature trends fo ... |
| PMC5141387 |
Figure 7
|
Maps comparing historical observed and CMIP5-simulated trend ... |
| PMC5146653 |
Figure 1
|
Historical mean volumetric distribution and water cycle ampl ... |
| PMC5146653 |
Figure 2
|
Rate of change of volume accumulated in salinity coordinates ... |
| PMC5146653 |
Figure 3
|
Accumulated water cycle change versus change in salinity vol ... |
| PMC5146653 |
Figure 4
|
Calculated versus inferred water cycle change in CMIP5 model ... |
| PMC5150659 |
Figure 1
|
Warming and forcing history of the three 2 K warming interva ... |
| PMC5150659 |
Figure 2
|
Ensemble mean precipitation differences. Results (in mm per ... |
| PMC5150659 |
Figure 3
|
Regional comparison of inter-model differences for different ... |
| PMC5150659 |
Figure 4
|
Global comparison of inter-model differences for three 2 K i ... |
| PMC5226673 |
Fig 1
|
Annual mean surface air temperature anomalies relative to 19 ... |
| PMC5226673 |
Fig 2
|
Timings for when global and CONUS 5-year mean annual mean te ... |
| PMC5226673 |
Fig 3
|
Boxplots showing the ranges in annual and seasonal temperatu ... |
| PMC5226673 |
Fig 4
|
A comparison between 2°C threshold crossing times for global ... |
| PMC5226673 |
Fig 5
|
Impact of internal climate variability on the threshold cros ... |
| PMC5226673 |
Fig 6
|
Same as Fig 4 but showing comparisons between 2°C and 3°C th ... |
| PMC5226673 |
Fig 7
|
Signal-to-noise ratio for 5-year mean annual mean global, CO ... |
| PMC5226673 |
Fig 8
|
Importance of three sources of uncertainty in the projection ... |
| PMC5231269 |
Fig 1
|
Indication of Marine Ice Sheet Instability (MISI) triggered ... |
| PMC5231269 |
Fig 2
|
Hindcasts and projections of global mean equivalent sea-leve ... |
| PMC5231269 |
Fig 3
|
Comparison of the fitted Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) volume lo ... |
| PMC5231269 |
Fig 4
|
Comparison of the fitted Antarctic ice sheet volume loss to ... |
| PMC5351983 |
Fig. 1
|
PM pollution and ventilation conditions over East Asia. ( A) ... |
| PMC5351983 |
Fig. 2
|
Influence of the regional circulation on PPI. ( A) The first ... |
| PMC5351983 |
Fig. 3
|
PPI responses to cryosphere forcing in the CESM sensitivity ... |
| PMC5351983 |
Fig. 4
|
Time series of cryospheric forcing factors, PPI, and the cor ... |
| PMC5370151 |
Fig 1
|
Comparison of historical sea-level anomalies in San Francisc ... |
| PMC5370151 |
Fig 2
|
Storm surge analysis for San Francisco Bay area. Shown are ( ... |
| PMC5370151 |
Fig 3
|
Estimated (panel a) probability density function of global m ... |
| PMC5370151 |
Fig 4
|
Hypsometric curve covering the elevations between -2 and 8 m ... |
| PMC5370151 |
Fig 5
|
Sequential zoom in of the baseline and future 100-yr flood r ... |
| PMC5385127 |
Figure 1
|
Schematic of the D. suzukii population dynamics model presen ... |
| PMC5385127 |
Figure 2
|
(A) Sample temperature profiles for Burlington, New Jersey f ... |
| PMC5385127 |
Figure 3
|
Aggregated consensus maps of the modelled populations. Data ... |
| PMC5385127 |
Figure 4
|
(A) Mean normalized population distribution across North Ame ... |
| PMC5385127 |
Figure 5
|
Grid cell coefficient of variation in population sizes versu ... |
| PMC5385127 |
Figure 6
|
Normalized populations for historic temperatures and GCM pro ... |
| PMC5385127 |
Figure 7
|
(A) and (B) Normalized populations over 20 years of historic ... |
| PMC5394343 |
Figure 1
|
Observed and CMIP5 multi-model-simulated time series. ( a) M ... |
| PMC5394343 |
Figure 2
|
Spatial pattern of observed and CMIP5 multi-model-simulated ... |
| PMC5394343 |
Figure 3
|
Scatter plots of trends over 1979–2015 from CMIP5 multi-mode ... |
| PMC5394343 |
Figure 4
|
Time series of CMIP5 multi-model-simulated annual mean HT BS ... |
| PMC5394343 |
Figure 5
|
Regression of 37-year March SIC trends on 37-year HT BSO tre ... |
| PMC5399290 |
Figure 1
|
Topography and measurement network. The circles are the snow ... |
| PMC5399290 |
Figure 2
|
Climatology and trend in area-average annual maximum snow wa ... |
| PMC5399290 |
Figure 3
|
Climatology of annual maximum snow water equivalent. ( a) Av ... |
| PMC5399290 |
Figure 4
|
Anomaly of annual maximum snow water equivalent and scaling ... |
| PMC5399290 |
Figure 5
|
Annual maximum snow water equivalent and per cent change. ( ... |
| PMC5399290 |
Figure 6
|
Climate anomaly associated with large projected decease in r ... |
| PMC5411072 |
Fig 1
|
Locations of study sites in the North China Plain. |
| PMC5411072 |
Fig 2
|
The calibration and evaluation results between observed and ... |
| PMC5411072 |
Fig 3
|
PDFs and CDFs of yield changes for variety Xundan29. |
| PMC5411072 |
Fig 4
|
PDFs of grain weight and number changes for variety Xundan29 ... |
| PMC5411072 |
Fig 5
|
PDFs and CDFs of yield changes for variety Xundan29 with imp ... |
| PMC5411072 |
Fig 6
|
PDFs and CDFs of yield changes for variety Xundan29 with enh ... |
| PMC5462738 |
Figure 1
|
Taylor diagram for mean surface temperature between CRU and ... |
| PMC5462738 |
Figure 2
|
Spatial temperature difference between ( a) IMD and CRU, ( b ... |
| PMC5462738 |
Figure 3
|
Temporal variation of annual surface temperature anomalies d ... |
| PMC5462738 |
Figure 4
|
( a) Box-and-whisker plots for temperature of different forc ... |
| PMC5462738 |
Figure 5
|
Geographical distribution of surface temperature trends (K/d ... |
| PMC5462738 |
Figure 6
|
Projected annual mean surface temperature from multimodel av ... |
| PMC5462738 |
Figure 7
|
Geographical distribution of surface temperature trends (K/d ... |
| PMC5489265 |
Fig. 1
|
Correlation between temperature and precipitation during the ... |
| PMC5489265 |
Fig. 2
|
Dependence affects the likelihood of bivariate extremes. ( A ... |
| PMC5489265 |
Fig. 3
|
Increase in likelihood of extremely hot and dry warm seasons ... |
| PMC5489265 |
Fig. 4
|
Future projections. ( A) Increase in likelihood of concurren ... |
| PMC5503941 |
Figure 1
|
Present-day rainfall’s correlations with ENSO and IOD. ( a) ... |
| PMC5503941 |
Figure 2
|
Inter-model simulations of present-day IOD properties. Inter ... |
| PMC5503941 |
Figure 3
|
Inter-model relationships among ENSO, IOD and its atmospheri ... |
| PMC5503941 |
Figure 4
|
Inter-model relationship between future projections with pre ... |
| PMC5504297 |
Figure 1
|
CESM LENS 2006–2100 precipitation change. Ensemble mean ( a) ... |
| PMC5504297 |
Figure 2
|
CMIP version 5 2006–2100 precipitation change. Ensemble mean ... |
| PMC5504297 |
Figure 3
|
DJF California precipitation versus SST trend correlation ma ... |
| PMC5504297 |
Figure 4
|
2006–2100 DJF extratropical dynamical changes. Ensemble mean ... |
| PMC5504297 |
Figure 5
|
2006–2100 DJF tropical dynamical changes. Ensemble mean tren ... |
| PMC5504297 |
Figure 6
|
2006–2100 DJF tropical dynamical changes. Ensemble mean 500 ... |
| PMC5504297 |
Figure 7
|
2006–2100 DJF trend realization agreement. Trend realization ... |
| PMC5504297 |
Figure 8
|
California precipitation response in atmosphere-only uniform ... |
| PMC5504297 |
Figure 9
|
Community Atmosphere Model version 5 DJF idealized uniform w ... |
| PMC5504297 |
Figure 10
|
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Atmosphere Model versi ... |
| PMC5517487 |
Figure 1
|
Spatial distribution of frequency (occurrences/30yrs), durat ... |
| PMC5517487 |
Figure 2
|
Taylor-diagram on the performance of CMIP5-VIC simulations i ... |
| PMC5517487 |
Figure 3
|
Changes in relations between US mean frequency and duration ... |
| PMC5517487 |
Figure 4
|
Same as Fig. 3 but for relations between drought frequency ... |
| PMC5517487 |
Figure 5
|
Multi-model ensemble mean changes (%) in the frequency, dura ... |
| PMC5517487 |
Figure 6
|
Fraction of US land area dominated by four categories of dur ... |
| PMC5517487 |
Figure 7
|
Multi-model ensemble mean changes (%) in the longest duratio ... |
| PMC5524826 |
Figure 1
|
Anthropogenic activities alter the natural water cycle and d ... |
| PMC5524826 |
Figure 2
|
Melbourne future water demand scenarios (see Table S2) and ... |
| PMC5524826 |
Figure 3
|
Reservoir water storage anomalies considering future climate ... |
| PMC5524826 |
Figure 4
|
( a) Melbourne’s average water storage deficit based on diff ... |
| PMC5589768 |
Figure 1
|
CMIP5 winter precipitation changes for ( a) multi-model ense ... |
| PMC5589768 |
Figure 2
|
CMIP5 multi-model ensemble average changes in winter precipi ... |
| PMC5589768 |
Figure 3
|
CMIP5 winter precipitation changes versus ( a) changes in dr ... |
| PMC5589768 |
Figure 4
|
CMIP5 multi-model ensemble average wintertime change in ( a) ... |
| PMC5589768 |
Figure 5
|
CMIP5 winter trends in ( a) dry day frequency versus mean se ... |
| PMC5613001 |
Figure 1
|
Median regression coefficients estimated from the CMIP5 mode ... |
| PMC5613001 |
Figure 2
|
Regional (see Giorgi and Francisco, 2000) changes in heatwav ... |
| PMC5613001 |
Figure 3
|
Spread in the regression coefficient estimated from CMIP5 mo ... |
| PMC5613001 |
Figure 4
|
Ensemble spread (99 th percentile – 1 st percentile) of incr ... |
| PMC5626740 |
Fig. 1
|
Observed and CMIP5 relative sea surface temperature (SST) re ... |
| PMC5626740 |
Fig. 2
|
Central Pacific relative sea surface temperature (SST) respo ... |
| PMC5626740 |
Fig. 3
|
Equatorial Pacific response following the Pinatubo eruption. ... |
| PMC5626740 |
Fig. 4
|
Global surface temperature, precipitation and wind patterns ... |
| PMC5626740 |
Fig. 5
|
Western equatorial Pacific wind stress and relative sea surf ... |
| PMC5626740 |
Fig. 6
|
Tropical precipitation and wind patterns in response to the ... |
| PMC5626740 |
Fig. 7
|
Schematic of the mechanism for volcanic El Niño development ... |
| PMC5638845 |
Fig. 1
|
Geographical biases of temperature and precipitation in CMIP ... |
| PMC5638845 |
Fig. 2
|
Characteristics of temperature bias and precipitation bias. ... |
| PMC5638845 |
Fig. 3
|
Daily precipitation distribution. Distribution of daily prec ... |
| PMC5638845 |
Fig. 4
|
Composite diurnal variations of cloud fraction. a Diurnal cy ... |
| PMC5638845 |
Fig. 5
|
Relationship between temperature changes and temperature bia ... |
| PMC5638845 |
Fig. 6
|
Bias correction for temperature. a Boxplot of temperature ch ... |
| PMC5661745 |
Figure 1
|
(left column) Long‐term mean differences ( midHolocene minus ... |
| PMC5661745 |
Figure 2
|
Annual cycles of midHolocene minus piControl differences. Th ... |
| PMC5661745 |
Figure 3
|
Annual cycles of piControl and NCEP reanalysis long‐term ave ... |
| PMC5680305 |
Figure 1
|
The temporal trend of precipitation anomalies of the observa ... |
| PMC5680305 |
Figure 2
|
Monthly variation of observed, simulated and corrected preci ... |
| PMC5680305 |
Figure 3
|
Spatial distribution of observation (obs), bias between obse ... |
| PMC5680305 |
Figure 4
|
The temporal variation changes of precipitation during 2021~ ... |
| PMC5680305 |
Figure 5
|
Spatial distribution percentage changes of precipitation (20 ... |
| PMC5680305 |
Figure 6
|
Comparison of probability distribution of winter/spring and ... |
| PMC5680305 |
Figure 7
|
Changes of annual mean precipitation with altitude and relie ... |
| PMC5680305 |
Figure 8
|
Sketch map of the Tarim and Yangtze River Basin (Note: the m ... |
| PMC5698330 |
Fig. 1
|
Net biome production sensitivities to ENSO. a Regression coe ... |
| PMC5698330 |
Fig. 2
|
Sensitivity contributions to enhanced gross primary producti ... |
| PMC5698330 |
Fig. 3
|
Regional contributions of enhanced gross primary production ... |
| PMC5698330 |
Fig. 4
|
Soil moisture and evaporation-temperature coupling. a Climat ... |
| PMC5740108 |
Figure 1
|
Spatially aggregated precipitation variability change. Land ... |
| PMC5740108 |
Figure 2
|
Spatial patterns of change in mean, variability and extreme ... |
| PMC5740108 |
Figure 3
|
Rate of change of variability with warming. Change in season ... |
| PMC5740108 |
Figure 4
|
Precipitation variability change by timescale. The change in ... |
| PMC5740108 |
Figure 5
|
Observed daily precipitation variability change. Change in t ... |
| PMC5741761 |
Figure 1
|
Sample Niño3.4 time series and comparison of observed and mo ... |
| PMC5741761 |
Figure 2
|
Maximum entropy power spectra of the trend-removed Niño3.4 i ... |
| PMC5741761 |
Figure 3
|
Box-whisker plots of ENSO statistics under different forcing ... |
| PMC5741761 |
Figure 4
|
Histograms of extreme El Niño counts in different forcing re ... |
| PMC5741761 |
Figure 5
|
Running ENSO statistics in the CESM ensemble. ( a, b) 20-yea ... |
| PMC5741761 |
Figure 6
|
Maximum entropy power spectra of the El Niño Modoki index un ... |
| PMC5741761 |
Figure 7
|
Estimated internal variability of 50-year ENSO amplitude ver ... |
| PMC5770443 |
Fig. 1
|
Comparison of CESM simulations against historical long-term ... |
| PMC5770443 |
Fig. 2
|
CESM simulations of the response of the global dust emission ... |
| PMC5770443 |
Fig. 3
|
Estimates of change in global dust loading per degree global ... |
| PMC5770443 |
Fig. 4
|
Estimates of the global direct dust–climate feedback. Result ... |
| PMC5770443 |
Fig. 5
|
Estimates of the regional direct dust–climate feedback. a– c ... |
| PMC5778135 |
Fig. 1
|
Projected ambient PM 2.5 exposure over the Indian landmass. ... |
| PMC5778135 |
Fig. 2
|
Projected spatial distribution of change in ambient PM 2.5 e ... |
| PMC5778135 |
Fig. 3
|
Projected change in premature mortality due to PM 2.5 exposu ... |
| PMC5784406 |
Figure 1
|
Grid point and model statistics for temperature. Spread in t ... |
| PMC5784406 |
Figure 2
|
Grid point and model statistics for precipitation . Spread i ... |
| PMC5784406 |
Figure 3
|
Cumulative statistics. The cumulative distribution of multim ... |
| PMC5784406 |
Figure 4
|
Grid point and model statistics for Europe. Spread in temper ... |
| PMC5784406 |
Figure 5
|
Grid point and model statistics for Northern Europe, Central ... |
| PMC5788319 |
Figure 1
|
Magnitude and geographic origin of GMST variability in the G ... |
| PMC5788319 |
Figure 2
|
Relationship between GMST and the TOA and surface energy bud ... |
| PMC5788319 |
Figure 3
|
Change in the TOA energy budget contribution to GMST variabi ... |
| PMC5788319 |
Figure 4
|
Change in local temperature variability a, Fractional change ... |
| PMC5803197 |
Figure 1
|
SST biases against OISSTv2 for the months July to August. Va ... |
| PMC5803197 |
Figure 2
|
Simulated and observed Sahel rainfall. Coloured lines and sy ... |
| PMC5803197 |
Figure 3
|
Time-latitude (Hovmöller) diagrams of 14-day smoothed daily ... |
| PMC5803197 |
Figure 4
|
Anomaly correlation as function of the time lag (days) betwe ... |
| PMC5812734 |
Fig. 1
|
The global change in probability of exceeding the historical ... |
| PMC5812734 |
Fig. 2
|
The change in probability of exceeding the historically unpr ... |
| PMC5812734 |
Fig. 3
|
The change in probability of exceeding the historically unpr ... |
| PMC5812734 |
Fig. 4
|
The change in probability of exceeding the historically unpr ... |
| PMC5812734 |
Fig. 5
|
The change in probability of exceeding the historically unpr ... |
| PMC5821341 |
Fig 1
|
Spatial extent and occurrence record locations of common vam ... |
| PMC5821341 |
Fig 2
|
Comparison of response curves for the highest-scoring predic ... |
| PMC5821341 |
Fig 3
|
Ensemble map for common vampire bats ( Desmodus rotundus) in ... |
| PMC5821341 |
Fig 4
|
Future climate ensemble map for common vampire bats ( Desmod ... |
| PMC5823852 |
Fig. 1
|
Projected departure from historical climatic variability in ... |
| PMC5823852 |
Fig. 2
|
Univariate and bivariate climate departures for summer preci ... |
| PMC5823852 |
Fig. 3
|
Intermodel variation in departure intensification in summert ... |
| PMC5823852 |
Fig. 4
|
Relationship of departure intensification to temperature-pre ... |
| PMC5823852 |
Fig. 5
|
Observed and modeled correlations between summer precipitati ... |
| PMC5823852 |
Fig. 6
|
Illustration of sigma dissimilarity for direct probabilistic ... |
| PMC5824783 |
Figure 1
|
Scatter plot of Pattern Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and no ... |
| PMC5824783 |
Figure 2
|
Spatial distribution of JJAS mean: ( a) Surface Air Temperat ... |
| PMC5824783 |
Figure 3
|
Spatial distribution of JJAS mean: ( a) Surface Air Temperat ... |
| PMC5824783 |
Figure 4
|
Scatter plot of PCC and Normalized RMSE for ( a) Monsoon, ( ... |
| PMC5824783 |
Figure 5
|
The scatter plot of PCC and Normalized RMSE is shown for fiv ... |
| PMC5824783 |
Figure 6
|
Spatial pattern of JJAS mean: ( a) Surface Air Temperature i ... |
| PMC5824783 |
Figure 7
|
( a) Scatter plot of PCC and Normalized RMSE for control, op ... |
| PMC5824783 |
Figure 8
|
Spatial pattern of JJAS mean: ( a) Surface Air Temperature f ... |
| PMC5849753 |
Figure 1
|
Changes in extreme precipitation of 15-, 5- and 1-year retur ... |
| PMC5849753 |
Figure 2
|
Changes in extreme precipitation of 15-, 5- and 1-year retur ... |
| PMC5849753 |
Figure 3
|
Changes in mean precipitation in different seasons based on ... |
| PMC5849753 |
Figure 4
|
Donut charts of the fraction of total uncertainty in extreme ... |
| PMC5849753 |
Figure 5
|
Percentage of the Middle East area with different classes of ... |
| PMC5856070 |
Figure 1
|
(a) Seasonality in surface heat flux forcing associated with ... |
| PMC5856070 |
Figure 2
|
CMIP5 response in the RCP8.5 scenario in early winter (OND) ... |
| PMC5856070 |
Figure 3
|
(a) CMIP5 multimodel mean response (10‐model subset) in the ... |
| PMC5856070 |
Figure 4
|
Late winter (JFM) CMIP5 mean response (10‐model subset) in n ... |
| PMC5931768 |
Fig. 1
|
Relative changes of SD of monthly temperature anomalies unti ... |
| PMC5931768 |
Fig. 2
|
Changes in variability of the surface energy balance until t ... |
| PMC5931768 |
Fig. 3
|
Index related to the changes in the SD of LH versus downwell ... |
| PMC5931768 |
Fig. 4
|
Trends in temperature variability in the period 1958–2017 in ... |
| PMC5931768 |
Fig. 5
|
Relative change in SD of monthly temperature anomalies until ... |
| PMC5933320 |
Figure 1
|
Devils Lake watershed located in Northern Great Plains area ... |
| PMC5933320 |
Figure 2
|
Devils Lake water level fluctuations: SWAT-simulated compare ... |
| PMC5933320 |
Figure 3
|
Average monthly precipitation (A, B) and temperature (C, D) ... |
| PMC5933320 |
Figure 4
|
Exceedance probabilities of Devils Lake under different CMIP ... |
| PMC5933320 |
Figure 5
|
Simulated water level timeline visualizing model- and climat ... |
| PMC5933320 |
Figure 6
|
Exceedance probabilities of Devils Lake for different mitiga ... |
| PMC5993269 |
Figure 1
|
Dependence of the dry spell length frequency distribution on ... |
| PMC5993269 |
Figure 2
|
(a) Precipitation anomaly for 1901–2010 at a randomly chosen ... |
| PMC5993269 |
Figure 3
|
Assessment of the suitability of the Markov‐chain assumption ... |
| PMC5993269 |
Figure 4
|
Hierarchical structure of drought persistence ( P dd) error. |
| PMC5993269 |
Figure 5
|
Schematic of partitioning the spread in the error, for the c ... |
| PMC5993269 |
Figure 6
|
Mean drought persistence ( P dd) estimated from five observa ... |
| PMC5993269 |
Figure 7
|
Spatial distribution of multi‐simulation mean drought persis ... |
| PMC5993269 |
Figure 8
|
Spatial distribution of multi‐simulation mean drought length ... |
| PMC5993269 |
Figure 9
|
Standard deviation of drought persistence error at (a) month ... |
| PMC5993269 |
Figure 10
|
Partitioning the spread of the drought persistence error ( E ... |
| PMC5993269 |
Figure 11
|
Box plots showing global distribution of contribution from e ... |
| PMC5993311 |
Figure 1
|
Precipitation response and the corresponding aerosol forcing ... |
| PMC5993311 |
Figure 2
|
The moisture budget response separating into thermodynamic ( ... |
| PMC5993311 |
Figure 3
|
Vertical motion response and the contribution of the meridio ... |
| PMC5993311 |
Figure 4
|
Monsoon region atmospheric overturning circulation response. ... |
| PMC5993311 |
Figure 5
|
Total, fast, and slow monsoon circulation responses to anthr ... |
| PMC5997713 |
Figure 1
|
Annual Mean Temperature Anomaly (from 1906–2005 mean) in the ... |
| PMC5997713 |
Figure 2
|
Comparison of observed and modelled linear trend of unfilter ... |
| PMC5997713 |
Figure 3
|
( a) The two signal scaling factors and their 5–95% uncertai ... |
| PMC5997713 |
Figure 4
|
The two-signal total linear change of observed and scaled re ... |
| PMC5997713 |
Figure 5
|
( a) The three signal scaling factors and their 5–95% uncert ... |
| PMC5998069 |
Figure 1
|
Northern Hemisphere September sea-ice extent anomalies from ... |
| PMC5998069 |
Figure 2
|
Seasonal-mean sea-level pressure (shadings) and moisture tra ... |
| PMC5998069 |
Figure 3
|
Correlation between the zonal component of vertically integr ... |
| PMC5998069 |
Figure 4
|
Regressed surface heat fluxes averaged over the Arctic (nort ... |
| PMC5998652 |
Fig. 1
|
a Species occurrence records for large mammals (left) and sm ... |
| PMC5998652 |
Fig. 2
|
Schematic showing the steps used in producing species thresh ... |
| PMC6049911 |
Figure 1
|
Multimodel mean partial correlation between near‐surface air ... |
| PMC6049911 |
Figure 2
|
(a, b) Multimodel mean R 2 of the stepwise multiple linear r ... |
| PMC6049911 |
Figure 3
|
As in Figure 1 but for the multimodel mean contribution of ( ... |
| PMC6049911 |
Figure 4
|
As in Figure 3 (right columns), that is, for the multidecada ... |
| PMC6053416 |
Figure 1
|
Forest fractions in the northern extratropical regions durin ... |
| PMC6053416 |
Figure 2
|
Same as Fig. 1 except for forest total carbon mass (10 −2 P ... |
| PMC6053416 |
Figure 3
|
Taylor diagrams of ( a) all model results and ( b) model res ... |
| PMC6053416 |
Figure 4
|
Global extratropical forest total carbon mass (Pg C) in the ... |
| PMC6053416 |
Figure 5
|
Relative errors for ( a) global forest total carbon mass and ... |
| PMC6053416 |
Figure 6
|
Allocations of global forest total carbon mass in ( a) wood ... |
| PMC6053416 |
Figure 7
|
Global correlation maps of observation (top row), model outp ... |
| PMC6053416 |
Figure 8
|
Ratios for global mean relative errors of masked carbon mass ... |
| PMC6070332 |
Fig. 1
|
Temperature shift associated with each dryness condition. Av ... |
| PMC6070332 |
Fig. 2
|
Moisture shift associated with each dryness condition. Avera ... |
| PMC6070332 |
Fig. 3
|
Regional boxplots for observations. ( A to G) Regional boxpl ... |
| PMC6070332 |
Fig. 4
|
Regional boxplots for model ensemble. ( A to G) Regional box ... |
| PMC6070332 |
Fig. 5
|
Distributional shift associated with southeastern United Sta ... |
| PMC6085333 |
Fig. 1
|
Fire carbonaceous aerosol emissions. a Pre-industrial (PI) a ... |
| PMC6085333 |
Fig. 2
|
Present-day/pre-industrial ratio in ice core and modelled bl ... |
| PMC6085333 |
Fig. 3
|
Pre-industrial cloud condensation nuclei concentrations. Ann ... |
| PMC6085333 |
Fig. 4
|
Annual mean pre-industrial to present-day aerosol cloud albe ... |
| PMC6086288 |
Fig. 1
|
The future fractional decline (% precision) of the Δ T uncer ... |
| PMC6086288 |
Fig. 2
|
Different decision-making frames under uncertainties. Shaded ... |
| PMC6086288 |
Fig. 3
|
Structure of MARIA model |
| PMC6086288 |
Fig. 4
|
Definition of eight categories of equilibrium climate sensit ... |
| PMC6086288 |
Fig. 5
|
Energy-based carbon emission pathways in billion ton of CO 2 ... |
| PMC6086288 |
Fig. 6
|
Carbon emission pathways in billion ton of CO 2 under LTA (p ... |
| PMC6086288 |
Fig. 7
|
Carbon emission pathways in billion ton of CO 2 from biosphe ... |
| PMC6086288 |
Fig. 8
|
Atmospheric temperature pathways in Celsius degree under LTA ... |
| PMC6086288 |
Fig. 9
|
CCS implementation strategies in billion ton of CO 2 under L ... |
| PMC6086288 |
Fig. 10
|
Biomass primary energy supply pathways in EJ under LTA (perf ... |
| PMC6086288 |
Fig. 11
|
Ratio of information value VPIR( t) under LTA (perfect infor ... |
| PMC6086288 |
Fig. 12
|
GDP loss from BAU pathways under LTA (perfect information), ... |
| PMC6086293 |
Fig. 1
|
SCM4OPT model structure. The abbreviations shown in this fig ... |
| PMC6086293 |
Fig. 2
|
Control rates of anthropogenic emissions in 2100. a 2 °C cas ... |
| PMC6086293 |
Fig. 3
|
Radiative forcing in 2100. a Base case; b 2 °C case; c 1.5 ° ... |
| PMC6086293 |
Fig. 4
|
Economic costs of climate change. a Carbon prices. b Mitigat ... |
| PMC6092397 |
Fig. 1
|
Attribution of observed global-mean surface air temperature ... |
| PMC6092397 |
Fig. 2
|
Schematic of the Transfer Operator method. The computation o ... |
| PMC6092397 |
Fig. 3
|
Example of a probabilistic interannual prediction for 5-year ... |
| PMC6092397 |
Fig. 4
|
Interannual hindcast skills of GMT and SST within a perfect ... |
| PMC6092397 |
Fig. 5
|
Interannual hindcast skills of the observed GMT and SST. Exa ... |
| PMC6092397 |
Fig. 6
|
Predictions of the post-1998 hiatus observed through GMT ano ... |
| PMC6092397 |
Fig. 7
|
Interannual probabilistic forecast of the GMT anomalies. a– ... |
| PMC6092397 |
Fig. 8
|
Interannual probabilistic forecast of the SST anomalies. a– ... |
| PMC6102243 |
Figure 1
|
Location of the seven large dams in India along with their t ... |
| PMC6102243 |
Figure 2
|
(A) Comparison of observed storage reservoir storage (red) ( ... |
| PMC6102243 |
Figure 3
|
(a) Digital elevation model for Satluj River basin in which ... |
| PMC6102243 |
Figure 4
|
Multimodel ensemble mean change in flow duration curves for ... |
| PMC6102243 |
Figure 5
|
Area averaged multimodel ensemble mean snowmelt (mm) and sno ... |
| PMC6102243 |
Figure 6
|
Seasonal cycle of multimodel ensemble mean developed hydropo ... |
| PMC6104926 |
Fig 1
|
Conversion of near-surface wind speeds to country-wise aggre ... |
| PMC6104926 |
Fig 2
|
Impact of strong climate change on backup energy needs in Eu ... |
| PMC6104926 |
Fig 3
|
Impact of climate change on backup energy needs in Europe fo ... |
| PMC6104926 |
Fig 4
|
Impact of strong climate change on backup energy needs for a ... |
| PMC6104926 |
Fig 5
|
Change of the duration of periods with low wind generation. ... |
| PMC6104926 |
Fig 6
|
Change of the duration of periods with low wind generation. ... |
| PMC6104926 |
Fig 7
|
Impact of strong climate change on the seasonal variability ... |
| PMC6104926 |
Fig 8
|
Assessment of long low-wind periods in a large CMIP5 ensembl ... |
| PMC6114992 |
Fig. 1
|
Impact of constant global rates of C sequestration (Pg C yea ... |
| PMC6114992 |
Fig. 2
|
Impact of SOC sequestration rate (Pg C year −1) and effectiv ... |
| PMC6131175 |
Figure 1
|
Relationship between thermocline depth and IOD properties. ( ... |
| PMC6131175 |
Figure 2
|
Relationship between present-day thermocline depth and the c ... |
| PMC6131175 |
Figure 3
|
Present-day mean state over the tropical Indian Ocean for si ... |
| PMC6131175 |
Figure 4
|
Future mean state over the tropical Indian Ocean for simulat ... |
| PMC6131175 |
Figure 5
|
Relationship between thermocline depth and components of the ... |
| PMC6134029 |
Fig. 1
|
Linear regression of CMIP5 SST biases on AMIP5 net flux bias ... |
| PMC6134029 |
Fig. 2
|
Schematic diagrams of the mixed layer heat budget. a the rea ... |
| PMC6134029 |
Fig. 3
|
Linear regression of estimated biases in the latitude of the ... |
| PMC6134029 |
Fig. 4
|
The difference between zonal mean CMIP5 historical experimen ... |
| PMC6134029 |
Fig. 5
|
Relationship between estimated net flux biases and estimated ... |
| PMC6134029 |
Fig. 6
|
Simulated ocean-area zonal mean coupled SST biases and stand ... |
| PMC6157310 |
FIGURE 1
|
1 × 1 degree grid (A) average and (B) standard deviation (SD ... |
| PMC6157968 |
Fig. 1
|
Difference in CH 4 optical depths between RTMIP experiments ... |
| PMC6157968 |
Fig. 2
|
Monthly mean global direct, instantaneous, unadjusted shortw ... |
| PMC6157968 |
Fig. 3
|
Annual mean CH 4 shortwave forcings and near-infrared reflec ... |
| PMC6157968 |
Fig. 4
|
Annual mean enhancements to CH 4 shortwave forcings and refl ... |
| PMC6158170 |
Figure 1
|
The West African domain highlighting the different major riv ... |
| PMC6158170 |
Figure 2
|
Projected changes in Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) usin ... |
| PMC6158170 |
Figure 3
|
Projected changes in Irrigation Water Need (IWN) using PET f ... |
| PMC6158170 |
Figure 4
|
Projected changes in Total Runoff for 2 °C global warming sc ... |
| PMC6158170 |
Figure 5
|
Box-Whisker-Plots of projected changes in Basin Irrigation P ... |
| PMC6160484 |
Figure 1
|
Comparison of forcing ozone and observed ozone. ( a) Correla ... |
| PMC6160484 |
Figure 2
|
The time series of simulated globally averaged surface tempe ... |
| PMC6160484 |
Figure 3
|
The spatial distribution of simulated global surface tempera ... |
| PMC6160484 |
Figure 4
|
The time series of simulated VM and ENSO indices. ( a) Time ... |
| PMC6160484 |
Figure 5
|
The simulated trend of global surface temperature. ( a) Line ... |
| PMC6175830 |
Figure 1
|
Research domain. In this study, 306 nodes with a resolution ... |
| PMC6175830 |
Figure 2
|
Temporal variation of the giant component size S and the per ... |
| PMC6175830 |
Figure 3
|
S − P patterns obtained from the NCEP reanalysis data ( a) ... |
| PMC6175830 |
Figure 4
|
Taylor diagram of S − P patterns shown in Fig. 3. ( a) Sho ... |
| PMC6175830 |
Figure 5
|
Skill scores of the 15 models on simulating the S − P patt ... |
| PMC6175830 |
Figure 6
|
Spatial distributions of node vulnerabilities F i in the SAT ... |
| PMC6175830 |
Figure 7
|
Spatial distributions of the sea surface temperature (SST) a ... |
| PMC6175942 |
Figure 1
|
Relation between SST/HC and Nino3.4 index. Lead-lag correlat ... |
| PMC6175942 |
Figure 2
|
Lagged influence of WHWP–SST on the Pacific. Lagged correlat ... |
| PMC6175942 |
Figure 3
|
Grid-to-grid correlation maps between observed SSTA and repr ... |
| PMC6175942 |
Figure 4
|
Grid-to-Grid correlation maps between the observed SSTA and ... |
| PMC6190744 |
Figure 1
|
Overview of the calculation method and flow used to create t ... |
| PMC6190744 |
Figure 2
|
Comparison of downscaled SO 2 emissions in the base year 200 ... |
| PMC6190744 |
Figure 3
|
Comparison of downscaled land use in 2005. ( a) The land-use ... |
| PMC6197230 |
Figure 1
|
Location of Quelccaya ice cap in the Peruvian Andes. ( a) Ce ... |
| PMC6197230 |
Figure 2
|
Snowline altitude using LANDSAT images. ( a) Snow region in ... |
| PMC6197230 |
Figure 3
|
Annual air temperature projections at QIC summit. Annual mea ... |
| PMC6197230 |
Figure 4
|
Scatter plot between annual FLH and annual ELA at QIC. FLH i ... |
| PMC6197230 |
Figure 5
|
ELA projections at QIC. Equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) calc ... |
| PMC6197230 |
Figure 6
|
FLH – SST linear relationship. Tropical SST forcing of FLH a ... |
| PMC6197230 |
Figure 7
|
ELA atm vs ELA SST comparison. Annual mean ELA derived from ... |
| PMC6207739 |
Figure 1
|
Projected climate model mean (37 models), Arctic mean (70–90 ... |
| PMC6207739 |
Figure 2
|
Projected Arctic mean (70–90°N) and annual mean changes in r ... |
| PMC6207739 |
Figure 3
|
Projected Arctic rainfall changes attributed to changes in l ... |
| PMC6207739 |
Figure 4
|
Seasonal variation in warming-induced rainfall increase (top ... |
| PMC6209391 |
Fig. 1
|
QRA fingerprint and QRA event signatures. ( A) JJA 1000-hPa ... |
| PMC6209391 |
Fig. 2
|
Analysis of 1PCTCO2 experiments (JJA seasonal means). ( A) T ... |
| PMC6209391 |
Fig. 3
|
Analysis of RCP8.5 future projections (JJA seasonal means). ... |
| PMC6209391 |
Fig. 4
|
Mean surface temperature trend patterns (JJA seasonal means) ... |
| PMC6209391 |
Fig. 5
|
QRA fingerprint series for RCP8.5 future projections. Both ( ... |
| PMC6212424 |
Fig. 1
|
Simulated Arctic sea ice concentration and surface heat flux ... |
| PMC6212424 |
Fig. 2
|
Temperature responses to Arctic sea ice loss and insolation. ... |
| PMC6212424 |
Fig. 3
|
Wintertime responses of temperature, westerly winds, and sto ... |
| PMC6212424 |
Fig. 4
|
Sea surface temperature responses to Arctic sea ice loss and ... |
| PMC6212424 |
Fig. 5
|
The response of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation ... |
| PMC6220244 |
Figure 1
|
Map of the study area. Source regions are shown as coloured ... |
| PMC6220244 |
Figure 2
|
Long-term change patterns in total glacial runoff and its co ... |
| PMC6220244 |
Figure 3
|
Projected change in streamflow relative to 1966–1995 for the ... |
| PMC6220244 |
Figure 4
|
Shift towards earlier peak in seasonal river flow (upper pan ... |
| PMC6240077 |
Figure 1
|
Changes in observed concurrent hot day and hot night (CHDHN) ... |
| PMC6240077 |
Figure 2
|
Influence of anthropogenic emissions on CHDHN events in Indi ... |
| PMC6240077 |
Figure 3
|
MME mean projected changes in 3-day CHDHN events in India. ( ... |
| PMC6240077 |
Figure 4
|
Projected changes in 1 and 3-day CHDHN events under 1.5, 2, ... |
| PMC6258731 |
Fig. 1
|
Nature of projected Arctic amplification. Surface temperatur ... |
| PMC6258731 |
Fig. 2
|
Ensemble mean and standard deviation of Arctic climate chang ... |
| PMC6258731 |
Fig. 3
|
Seasonality of partial temperature contributions. Seasonal c ... |
| PMC6258731 |
Fig. 4
|
Spatial variablity of partial temperature contributions. Ens ... |
| PMC6258731 |
Fig. 5
|
Relationship between regional warming pattern and individual ... |
| PMC6258731 |
Fig. 6
|
Local and remote Arctic amplification processes. The local a ... |
| PMC6258731 |
Fig. 7
|
Energy transfer and Arctic amplification. a Correlation betw ... |
| PMC6258731 |
Fig. 8
|
Dispersal of energy from sea ice retreat regions to the broa ... |
| PMC6258731 |
Fig. 9
|
Implications of changes in ocean mixed layer depth. Relation ... |
| PMC6261648 |
Fig. 1
|
Distribution patterns of Atlantic cod and Polar cod in the S ... |
| PMC6261648 |
Fig. 2
|
Effects of elevated P co 2 on temperature-dependent oxygen c ... |
| PMC6261648 |
Fig. 3
|
Effects of elevated P co 2 on temperature-dependent egg surv ... |
| PMC6261648 |
Fig. 4
|
Current (baseline) spawning habitat suitability for Atlantic ... |
| PMC6261648 |
Fig. 5
|
Change in thermally suitable spawning habitat of Atlantic co ... |
| PMC6261656 |
Fig. 1
|
Historical changes in warm year probability, dry year probab ... |
| PMC6261656 |
Fig. 2
|
Historical changes in joint probability of years that are bo ... |
| PMC6261656 |
Fig. 3
|
Historical change in joint probability of simultaneous warm+ ... |
| PMC6261656 |
Fig. 4
|
Projected future change in joint probability of simultaneous ... |
| PMC6261656 |
Fig. 5
|
Sensitivity of projected future change in joint probability ... |
| PMC6266381 |
Figure 1
|
Results for this study were summarized by National Climate A ... |
| PMC6266381 |
Figure 2
|
Total population by National Climate Assessment region for 2 ... |
| PMC6266381 |
Figure 3
|
Population change by county between 2010 and 2090 under SSP2 ... |
| PMC6266381 |
Figure 4
|
Locating and Selecting Scenarios Online (LASSO) scatterplot ... |
| PMC6266381 |
Figure 5
|
Representative maps of CCSM and MIROC climate change project ... |
| PMC6266381 |
Figure 6
|
National BenMAP modeling results. The columns represent annu ... |
| PMC6266381 |
Figure 7
|
Regional modeling results by combination of population scena ... |
| PMC6266381 |
Figure 8
|
Population projections had the largest influence overall in ... |
| PMC6266381 |
Figure 9
|
For the Northeast region, MIROC-ESM-CHEM does not fully capt ... |
| PMC6267464 |
Figure 1
|
The location of the Jinsha River Basin (JRB). |
| PMC6267464 |
Figure 2
|
Grid cells in the JRB. |
| PMC6267464 |
Figure 3
|
Diagrams of the general circulation model (GCM) vs the obser ... |
| PMC6267464 |
Figure 4
|
Observed and simulated daily discharge: ( a) the Huatan stat ... |
| PMC6267464 |
Figure 5
|
The Spatial average skill score ( left) and bias ( right) fo ... |
| PMC6267464 |
Figure 6
|
The projected changes to average AMX np- Tyr ( n = 1, 3, 7; ... |
| PMC6267464 |
Figure 7
|
Boxplot of AMX np- Tyr ( n = 1, 3, 7; T = 20a, 50a) change i ... |
| PMC6267464 |
Figure 8
|
Generalized extreme value (GEV) frequency distributions of A ... |
| PMC6267464 |
Figure 9
|
The projected changes of average AMX nd- Tyr ( n = 1, 3, 7; ... |
| PMC6282810 |
Figure 1
|
Spatial and temporal characteristics of the Pan‐Caribbean dr ... |
| PMC6282810 |
Figure 2
|
Anthropogenic contributions to potential evapotranspiration ... |
| PMC6282810 |
Figure 3
|
The contribution of anthropogenic warming to drought severit ... |
| PMC6282810 |
Figure 4
|
(a) Instrumental and simulated 10‐year running mean of tempe ... |
| PMC6303746 |
Figure 1
|
Spectacled Eider. Photo credit: The Alaska SeaLife Center |
| PMC6303746 |
Figure 2
|
Map showing the Spectacled Eider wintering area in the Berin ... |
| PMC6303746 |
Figure 3
|
Annual survival of adult female Spectacled Eiders nesting at ... |
| PMC6303746 |
Figure 4
|
Survival and 95% confidence intervals of adult female specta ... |
| PMC6303746 |
Figure 5
|
Projected number of days during November‐April (181 days tot ... |
| PMC6303746 |
Figure 6
|
Stochastic projections of future population size of Spectacl ... |
| PMC6306928 |
Figure 1
|
Estimated future equivalent atmospheric CO 2 concentrations ... |
| PMC6306928 |
Figure 2
|
Change of risk area for S. japonicum vs. the baseline. ( a) ... |
| PMC6306928 |
Figure 3
|
Change of risk area for S. mansoni vs. the baseline. ( a) 20 ... |
| PMC6306928 |
Figure 4
|
Change of risk area for S. haematobium vs. the baseline. ( a ... |
| PMC6308872 |
Figure 1
|
How ambient temperature governs metabolic rate. The thermal ... |
| PMC6308872 |
Figure 2
|
The density distribution of metabolic expansibility, ME CRB ... |
| PMC6308872 |
Figure 3
|
A histogram (a) of the ratio of summit metabolic capacity (M ... |
| PMC6308872 |
Figure 4
|
We depict observed cold range boundaries (CRB, black polygon ... |
| PMC6328634 |
Fig. 1
|
Seasonality of the historical (1979–2016) trends in Arctic ( ... |
| PMC6328634 |
Fig. 2
|
Spatial distributions of the linear trends during 1979–2016. ... |
| PMC6328634 |
Fig. 3
|
Centennial changes as a function of month from CMIP5 models. ... |
| PMC6328634 |
Fig. 4
|
Dependence of Arctic warming and amplification on sea-ice lo ... |
| PMC6328634 |
Fig. 5
|
Centennial changes from CMIP5 models. a from 1970–1999 to 20 ... |
| PMC6328634 |
Fig. 6
|
Time series of CESM1-simulated changes in surface air temper ... |
| PMC6328634 |
Fig. 7
|
Centennial changes as a function of month from CESM1 standar ... |
| PMC6328634 |
Fig. 8
|
Centennial changes as a function of month from CESM1 special ... |
| PMC6328634 |
Fig. 9
|
Height–latitude distributions of zonal-mean temperature chan ... |
| PMC6328634 |
Fig. 10
|
Mean changes (relative to the control-run climatology) for y ... |
| PMC6331561 |
Fig. 1
|
Substantial enhanced radial growth after extreme wetness. En ... |
| PMC6331561 |
Fig. 2
|
Spatial distribution of tree radial growth change after extr ... |
| PMC6331561 |
Fig. 3
|
Spatial distribution of NDVI change after extreme climate ev ... |
| PMC6331561 |
Fig. 4
|
Response to extreme wetness in woody biomass from six CMIP5 ... |
| PMC6336820 |
Fig. 1
|
The Nile River Basin and the EAPP countries. The Nile River ... |
| PMC6336820 |
Fig. 2
|
Baseline electricity generation in the EAPP. a Combined elec ... |
| PMC6336820 |
Fig. 3
|
Impact of climate on the cost of electricity generation. The ... |
| PMC6336820 |
Fig. 4
|
Impact of adaptation strategies on electricity expenditure. ... |
| PMC6336820 |
Fig. 5
|
Electricity trade under perfect foresight strategies. a Cumu ... |
| PMC6337730 |
FIGURE 1
|
Schematic flow chart depicting the processing of climate pro ... |
| PMC6337730 |
FIGURE 2
|
Projected relative abundance probabilities for the four most ... |
| PMC6337730 |
FIGURE 3
|
Mean relative abundance probabilities under current (blue) a ... |
| PMC6337730 |
FIGURE 4
|
Proportional change of relative abundance probability of the ... |
| PMC6337730 |
FIGURE 5
|
Absolute change in Shannon’s H for RCP 4.5 (upper left) and ... |
| PMC6347276 |
Fig 1
|
Study area. Portions of Oregon and Washington west of the Ca ... |
| PMC6347276 |
Fig 2
|
Example fire initiation probability curve. This example is f ... |
| PMC6347276 |
Fig 3
|
CO 2 fertilization effect scalar. The scalar used in MC2 to ... |
| PMC6347276 |
Fig 4
|
Measures of fire on the landscape. (A) Natural and human-aff ... |
| PMC6347276 |
Fig 5
|
Simulated carbon density distributions by the MC2 vegetation ... |
| PMC6347276 |
Fig 6
|
Human affected areas and carbon measures over the study area ... |
| PMC6347276 |
Fig 7
|
Fire results by scenario as a percentage of total area. (A) ... |
| PMC6347276 |
Fig 8
|
Carbon fluxes simulated by the MC2 vegetation model. (A) NPP ... |
| PMC6347276 |
Fig 9
|
Carbon pools and live/dead ratios. (A) live C, (B) dead C, ( ... |
| PMC6347276 |
Fig 10
|
Vegetation class mix over time for FF-WCE (full fire with CO ... |
| PMC6355956 |
Fig. 1
|
Study area showing the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Jordan, Litan ... |
| PMC6355956 |
Fig. 2
|
A sample of the TIF/ASCII converter model in ArcGIS used to ... |
| PMC6355956 |
Fig. 3
|
Model used to clip the suitability rasters to the boundary o ... |
| PMC6355956 |
Fig. 4
|
Crop suitability map for wheat under current and future clim ... |
| PMC6357735 |
Fig. 1
|
Coupling of VPD and SM and their impacts on carbon uptake ac ... |
| PMC6357735 |
Fig. 2
|
PMF in CMIP5 models. Model mean PMF of concurrent extreme VP ... |
| PMC6357735 |
Fig. 3
|
Anomalies of GPP, TER, and NEP due to extreme high VPD and l ... |
| PMC6357735 |
Fig. 4
|
Additional effects of extreme high VPD and low SM on NEP in ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 1
|
Global radiation budgets at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 2
|
(a, c, e) Global radiation budgets at the top of atmosphere ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 3
|
Time series (11‐year running means) of (a) the global planet ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 4
|
Annual mean simulated SST in (a) N216ORCA025 and (b) N96ORCA ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 5
|
Annual mean simulated SSS in (a) N216ORCA025 and (b) N96ORCA ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 6
|
Average maximum monthly mixed layer depth (MLD) in (a) N216O ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 7
|
Zonally averaged time‐mean bias (against EN4) of potential t ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 8
|
Ocean temperature bias (against EN4) per basin as a function ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 9
|
Ocean temperature bias (against EN4) per basin as a function ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 10
|
Annual mean time series of (a) global volume‐averaged temper ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 11
|
Maximum northward volume transport of the Atlantic meridiona ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 12
|
Global northward heat transport. Latitude values are indicat ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 13
|
Drake Passage transport in the present‐day simulations of N9 ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 14
|
Cross sections of the Fram Strait annual mean ocean temperat ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 15
|
Sea ice mean annual cycles for N96ORCA1 (blue) and N216ORCA0 ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 16
|
(a and b) Zonally averaged annual mean air temperature in Ke ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 17
|
Annual mean precipitation climatology. All values in millime ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 18
|
Volumetric soil moisture (m 3/m 3) in the top soil layer of ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 19
|
Niño3 (90°–150°W, 5°N–5°S) SST anomaly power spectra for thr ... |
| PMC6360456 |
Figure 20
|
(a) AMV index from years 80 to 752 of the N96ORCA1 present‐d ... |
| PMC6360509 |
Figure 1
|
(a) Difference in leaf area index (LAI) of crops and natural ... |
| PMC6360509 |
Figure 2
|
Simulated changes in (a–c) total annual precipitation and (d ... |
| PMC6360509 |
Figure 3
|
Simulated changes in monthly, area‐average (a, b) precipitat ... |
| PMC6360509 |
Figure 4
|
Simulated changes in seasonal average net radiative flux at ... |
| PMC6360509 |
Figure 5
|
Same as in Figure 4 but for Bowen ratio, which is the ratio ... |
| PMC6360509 |
Figure 6
|
Seasonal decomposition of regional average changes in net ra ... |
| PMC6360509 |
Figure 7
|
Same as in Figure 4 but for lower tropospheric temperature ... |
| PMC6360509 |
Figure 8
|
Same as in Figure 4 but for upper tropospheric temperature ... |
| PMC6360509 |
Figure 9
|
Same as in Figure 4 but for low‐level (850 hPa) moisture co ... |
| PMC6360509 |
Figure 10
|
Simulated changes in seasonal (a–d) surface temperature, (e– ... |
| PMC6360509 |
Figure 11
|
Seasonal (a,d) climatology and (b–c, e–f) changes in zonally ... |
| PMC6360509 |
Figure 12
|
Same as in Figure 11 but for moisture availability (specifi ... |
| PMC6367487 |
Figure 1
|
Mean bias between multi-model CMIP5 and observations. ( a) M ... |
| PMC6367487 |
Figure 2
|
Link between summer soil moisture, air temperature, and prec ... |
| PMC6367487 |
Figure 3
|
HYDRO 1 K Elevation map of the USA Source http://srtm.csi.cg ... |
| PMC6367487 |
Figure 4
|
Cross-correlations between the mean biases of the three stud ... |
| PMC6385346 |
Fig. 1
|
Greening (LAI increase) and browning trends during 1981–2016 ... |
| PMC6385346 |
Fig. 2
|
CMIP5 ensemble mean considerably underestimates absolute inc ... |
| PMC6385346 |
Fig. 3
|
Lines of evidence in support of the Emergent Constraint esti ... |
| PMC6388188 |
Figure 1
|
Annual temperature in the 2030s, 2060s, and 2090s under diff ... |
| PMC6388188 |
Figure 2
|
Relationships between daily mean temperature and YLLs in the ... |
| PMC6388188 |
Figure 3
|
Annual heat-related YLLs in the total population and the eld ... |
| PMC6388188 |
Figure 4
|
Impacts of population expansion and adaptation on the annual ... |
| PMC6388188 |
Figure 5
|
Impacts of aging and adaptation on the annual heat-related Y ... |
| PMC6391408 |
Fig. 1
|
Mean total nitrogen flux for watersheds in the continental U ... |
| PMC6391408 |
Fig. 2
|
The range of socioeconomic pathways considered here result i ... |
| PMC6391408 |
Fig. 3
|
Different integrated assessment models lead to dramatically ... |
| PMC6391408 |
Fig. 4
|
Changes in cropland area, developed area, and fertilizer app ... |
| PMC6391408 |
Fig. 5
|
Highly populated regions in South, East, and Southeast Asia ... |
| PMC6397285 |
Figure 1
|
The time distribution of 17 models when global mean surface ... |
| PMC6397285 |
Figure 2
|
The permafrost extent in Northern Hemisphere during the peri ... |
| PMC6397285 |
Figure 3
|
The distribution of ALT (unit: cm) in permafrost region over ... |
| PMC6397285 |
Figure 4
|
The extent of permafrost in Northern Hemisphere when global ... |
| PMC6405775 |
Fig. 1
|
Mass overturning circulation and precipitation in the tropic ... |
| PMC6405775 |
Fig. 2
|
Changes in the spatial pattern of precipitation in response ... |
| PMC6405775 |
Fig. 3
|
Changes in the spatial pattern of SST in response to CO 2 co ... |
| PMC6405775 |
Fig. 4
|
Changes in atmospheric circulation to CO 2 concentration inc ... |
| PMC6411165 |
Fig. 1
|
a Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP; version 2. ... |
| PMC6411165 |
Fig. 2
|
Vertically averaged annual- and zonal-mean meridional stream ... |
| PMC6411165 |
Fig. 3
|
Projected changes in ITCZ a location, b width, and c strengt ... |
| PMC6411165 |
Fig. 4
|
a Multimodel-median change at each latitude in (minus) annua ... |
| PMC6411203 |
Fig. 1
|
Estimated evolution of the Arctic sea-ice cover in response ... |
| PMC6411204 |
Fig. 1
|
Indices of the Northern Annular Mode (left) and Southern Ann ... |
| PMC6420621 |
Fig. 1
|
The decadal hindcast skill for terrestrial water storage wit ... |
| PMC6420621 |
Fig. 2
|
Skill elasticities for climate forecasts and initial conditi ... |
| PMC6420621 |
Fig. 3
|
Decadal hindcast skill for basin-averaged precipitation. Nas ... |
| PMC6420621 |
Fig. 4
|
Comparison between benchmark decadal hindcast skill and init ... |
| PMC6424150 |
Fig. 1
|
Correlation coefficients between ERSST and hindcast indices ... |
| PMC6424150 |
Fig. 2
|
Same as Fig. 1, but for the TAG index |
| PMC6424150 |
Fig. 3
|
Same as Fig. 1, but for the detrended WPWP index |
| PMC6424150 |
Fig. 4
|
Same as Fig. 1, but for the WPWP index |
| PMC6424150 |
Fig. 5
|
Correlation coefficients and RMSE at various lead times betw ... |
| PMC6424150 |
Fig. 6
|
AUC of ROC for probabilistic discrimination between positive ... |
| PMC6424150 |
Fig. 7
|
Same as Fig. 6, but for probabilistic discrimination among ... |
| PMC6424150 |
Fig. 8
|
Probabilities of transitions among phases of a the PDO, b th ... |
| PMC6424150 |
Fig. 9
|
Probabilities of transitions among combined phases of the PD ... |
| PMC6426967 |
Figure 1
|
Global multi-model mean percentage change in annual mean sur ... |
| PMC6426967 |
Figure 2
|
( a) Boxplots of global mean frequency of short-term drought ... |
| PMC6426967 |
Figure 3
|
Global and regional multi-model ensemble mean, 30-year mean ... |
| PMC6426967 |
Figure 4
|
Empirical cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the gl ... |
| PMC6426967 |
Figure 5
|
Mean spatial extent of severe drought for the period of 1976 ... |
| PMC6426967 |
Figure 6
|
Global ( a) decadal mean standardized soil moisture anomalie ... |
| PMC6426967 |
Figure 7
|
Fraction of total variance in ( a) Global decadal mean stand ... |
| PMC6426967 |
Figure 8
|
The annual and seasonal signal to noise ratio of surface soi ... |
| PMC6427016 |
Figure 1
|
Presentation of the Mont-Blanc Massif. ( a) The Mont-Blanc s ... |
| PMC6427016 |
Figure 2
|
Average frost occurrence (%, see colorbar) for Tn and Tx and ... |
| PMC6427016 |
Figure 3
|
Spatially-averaged temperature evolutions over the Mont-Blan ... |
| PMC6427016 |
Figure 4
|
Evolution of frost occurrence (percentage points) for the su ... |
| PMC6427016 |
Figure 5
|
Boxplot representation of the evolution of frost occurrence ... |
| PMC6428232 |
Fig. 1
|
Example North Atlantic blocks. Snapshots of (colour shading) ... |
| PMC6428232 |
Fig. 2
|
Blocking climatology. (top) Winter and (bottom) summer block ... |
| PMC6428232 |
Fig. 3
|
Blocking biases. Multi-model mean (MMM) bias in (top) winter ... |
| PMC6428232 |
Fig. 4
|
Blocking projections. Multi-model mean (MMM) RCP8.5 projecti ... |
| PMC6428824 |
Fig. 1
|
Local dimension and inverse persistence for all the datasets ... |
| PMC6428824 |
Fig. 2
|
Differences of local dimension in 4 × CO 2 and +4 K Atmosphe ... |
| PMC6428824 |
Fig. 3
|
Composite sea-surface temperature anomalies for high and low ... |
| PMC6428897 |
Figure 1
|
Overall monthly variations in the projected changes of preci ... |
| PMC6428897 |
Figure 2
|
Multi-GCM, multi-parameter, and multi-watershed projections ... |
| PMC6428897 |
Figure 3
|
Multi-GCM and multi-parameter ensemble predictions of change ... |
| PMC6428897 |
Figure 4
|
Watershed wise variations of uncertainty in the multi-parame ... |
| PMC6428897 |
Figure 5
|
Watershed wise variations of uncertainty in the multi-GCM hy ... |
| PMC6428897 |
Figure 6
|
Sensitivity of uncertainty quantified for multi-parameter hy ... |
| PMC6428897 |
Figure 7
|
GCM contributions to uncertainty in the multi-GCM ensemble p ... |
| PMC6428897 |
Figure 8
|
Correlation between the amount of uncertainty in the project ... |
| PMC6428897 |
Figure 9
|
Correlation between the amount of uncertainty in QQ (total r ... |
| PMC6428897 |
Figure 10
|
Varying contributions of GCMs to multi-GCM ensemble predicti ... |
| PMC6428897 |
Figure 11
|
Study watersheds in the Ohio River basin: ( A) the weather s ... |
| PMC6428897 |
Figure 12
|
Processes for quantifying uncertainty in multi-GCM and multi ... |
| PMC6438606 |
Fig 1
|
2012 U.S. dairy cow spatial density (A) and climatic regions ... |
| PMC6438606 |
Fig 2
|
Late-20 th century average milk production loss per cow acro ... |
| PMC6438606 |
Fig 3
|
Projected decadal increases in average Temperature Humidity ... |
| PMC6438606 |
Fig 4
|
Projected mean annual milk production loss per cow (kg/cow/y ... |
| PMC6438606 |
Fig 5
|
Mean annual milk production loss (with error bars) by climat ... |
| PMC6438606 |
Fig 6
|
Mean cost-benefit ratios (with error bars) associated with h ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 1
|
Schematic representation of the global annual mean energy ba ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 2
|
Global annual mean clear-sky shortwave radiation budgets of ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 3
|
Global annual mean downward shortwave radiation at Earth’s s ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 4
|
a Annual cycles of clear-sky downward surface shortwave radi ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 5
|
Multi-model mean biases (model-observations) in annual mean ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 6
|
Biases (model-observations) in climatological annual mean do ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 7
|
Global annual mean surface downward shortwave clear-sky radi ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 8
|
Global annual mean longwave radiation budgets for clear-sky ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 9
|
Global annual mean downward longwave radiation at Earth’s su ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 10
|
a Annual cycles of downward surface clear-sky longwave radia ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 11
|
Multi-model mean biases (model-observations) in annual mean ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 12
|
Bias (model-observations) in annual mean downward clear-sky ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 13
|
Global annual mean surface downward longwave clear-sky radia ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 14
|
Diagrams of the global mean energy balance of the Earth unde ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 15
|
Illustration of the magnitudes of the global mean shortwave, ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 16
|
Global mean shortwave cloud radiative effects at the TOA (up ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 17
|
Global mean longwave cloud radiative effects at the TOA (upp ... |
| PMC6439146 |
Fig. 18
|
Global mean net (shortwave + longwave) cloud radiative effec ... |
| PMC6441032 |
Fig. 1
|
Relative influence of the different sources of variation on ... |
| PMC6441032 |
Fig. 2
|
Relative influence of the different sources of variation on ... |
| PMC6441032 |
Fig. 3
|
Absolute influence of the different sources of variation on ... |
| PMC6441032 |
Fig. 4
|
Spatial variation of the relative influence of the different ... |
| PMC6443878 |
FIGURE 1
|
Annual and seasonal projected change in precipitation sum (% ... |
| PMC6443878 |
FIGURE 2
|
Summary of simulated values for (A) GPP (gC m -2 yr -1); (B) ... |
| PMC6443878 |
FIGURE 3
|
Mean modeled change in annual growth (m 3 ha -1 yr -1) from ... |
| PMC6443878 |
FIGURE 4
|
Start of vegetation active period (A) from satellite observa ... |
| PMC6445402 |
Fig. 1
|
Time series of standardized Sahel rainfall ( top) and time s ... |
| PMC6445402 |
Fig. 2
|
Scatterplots of sub-tropical North Atlantic and global tropi ... |
| PMC6445402 |
Fig. 3
|
Scatterplots of sub-tropical North Atlantic and global tropi ... |
| PMC6445402 |
Fig. 4
|
Dependence of the angle ϕ ( white contours) and of ratio λ 2 ... |
| PMC6446815 |
Figure 1
|
Clarifying land‐use terminology. Clarifying basic terminolog ... |
| PMC6446815 |
Figure 2
|
Percentage of (a) integrated assessment models and (b) Earth ... |
| PMC6446815 |
Figure 3
|
Representation of land management in ten Earth system and th ... |
| PMC6446815 |
Figure 4
|
Dependencies of processes and structures required for the co ... |
| PMC6446815 |
Figure 5
|
Matching importance for the Earth system, possibility of tec ... |
| PMC6457553 |
Fig 1
|
Schematic illustrating the proposed “trend+var” method. |
| PMC6457553 |
Fig 2
|
“trend+var” algorithm. |
| PMC6457553 |
Fig 3
|
AMOC anomaly trends for the calibration period [Sv], as simu ... |
| PMC6457553 |
Fig 4
|
Relationship between sample innovation standard deviations σ ... |
| PMC6457553 |
Fig 5
|
Model weights for Winter_SST cross-validation experiments. R ... |
| PMC6457553 |
Fig 6
|
Probabilistic projections for winter East Sea surface temper ... |
| PMC6457553 |
Fig 7
|
As Fig 6, but for “trend+var” experiment implementing the ne ... |
| PMC6457553 |
Fig 8
|
Probabilistic projections of summer mean maximum temperature ... |
| PMC6472323 |
Figure 1
|
Scenario‐neutral methodology used to examine the changing fl ... |
| PMC6472323 |
Figure 2
|
The location, boundaries, and identification number of the c ... |
| PMC6472323 |
Figure 3
|
Observed and rainfall‐runoff model (GR4J and NAM) simulated ... |
| PMC6472323 |
Figure 4
|
Ensemble members ( k‐medoids) for the Boyne (ID: 7012; 2070– ... |
| PMC6472323 |
Figure 5
|
Changes (%) in the magnitude of a 20‐year return period floo ... |
| PMC6472323 |
Figure 6
|
As in Figure 5 but for GR4J. |
| PMC6472323 |
Figure 7
|
The centroid of five clusters for each rainfall‐runoff model ... |
| PMC6472323 |
Figure 8
|
Classification of 215 catchments from the Flood Studies Upda ... |
| PMC6472323 |
Figure 9
|
The “out‐of‐bag” misclassification probability plotted again ... |
| PMC6472323 |
Figure 10
|
Percent of CMIP5 and CMIP5_Sub ensemble members ( y axis) wh ... |
| PMC6472474 |
Figure 1
|
Diagram of processes included in the model. Dashed arrows in ... |
| PMC6472474 |
Figure 2
|
Tons of annual production change by year (relative to year o ... |
| PMC6472474 |
Figure 3
|
Mt per year global production change in 2010 for the indicat ... |
| PMC6472474 |
Figure 4
|
Annual production changes (kt/year, top; %, bottom) in 2010 ... |
| PMC6472474 |
Figure 5
|
National level present‐day crop production changes in respon ... |
| PMC6472474 |
Figure 6
|
National level present‐day crop yield changes in response to ... |
| PMC6472569 |
Figure 1
|
(a) Schematic representation of the hypothesized relation be ... |
| PMC6472569 |
Figure 2
|
Distribution of the optimized probability ( α i ) of each mo ... |
| PMC6472569 |
Figure 3
|
Comparison of Δ(P − ET) projections between the full and the ... |
| PMC6472569 |
Figure 4
|
Differences between the distributions of regionally averaged ... |
| PMC6472569 |
Figure 5
|
(top) Probability ratio PR for extreme projections of Δ(P − ... |
| PMC6472677 |
Figure 1
|
The three soil moisture‐precipitation feedback metrics (from ... |
| PMC6472677 |
Figure 2
|
Fractions of land area with different combinations of the sp ... |
| PMC6478735 |
Fig. 1
|
Cumulative carbon emissions from thawing land permafrost sim ... |
| PMC6478735 |
Fig. 2
|
Three components of the surface albedo feedback deduced from ... |
| PMC6478735 |
Fig. 3
|
Global mean temperature simulations under the range of clima ... |
| PMC6478735 |
Fig. 4
|
Additional warming due to the nonlinear Arctic feedbacks rel ... |
| PMC6478735 |
Fig. 5
|
Total economic effect of climate change with the nonlinear a ... |
| PMC6478735 |
Fig. 6
|
Simulated difference between the total economic effects of c ... |
| PMC6478735 |
Fig. 7
|
Cumulative carbon emissions from the permafrost simulated us ... |
| PMC6478735 |
Fig. 8
|
Emulator of the global surface albedo feedback and its legac ... |
| PMC6506242 |
Fig. 1
|
Empirical probability density functions of the estimated cli ... |
| PMC6506242 |
Fig. 2
|
Latitudinal changes in the sea-ice drivers. Medians of the e ... |
| PMC6506242 |
Fig. 3
|
Latitudinal changes in sea-ice annual GPP. The percentage ch ... |
| PMC6506242 |
Fig. 4
|
Drivers and mechanisms of sea-ice algal phenology. Simulatio ... |
| PMC6506242 |
Fig. 5
|
Changes in GPP associated with nutrient heterogeneity along ... |
| PMC6506242 |
Fig. 6
|
Uncertainties in the future projections of sea-ice drivers a ... |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 1
|
Study area. |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 2
|
Methodology framework adopted in this study. |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 3
|
Characteristics of the Adyar Sub-basin. (A) Digital elevatio ... |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 4
|
Extremely heavy rainfall events based on the observed data ( ... |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 5
|
Extremely heavy rainfall events based on the projected data ... |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 6
|
IDF curves for Meenambakkam station rainfall for the period ... |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 7
|
IDF curves for four GCMs used in this study for the period 2 ... |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 8
|
Land use pattern for the year 2016. |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 9
|
Comparison of peak discharge between observed and projected ... |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 10
|
Comparison of the flooded area between observed and projecte ... |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 11
|
Flood inundation map for 2, 5, 10, 50 and 100 year rainfall ... |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 12
|
Flood inundation map for 2, 5, 10, 50 and 100 year rainfall ... |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 13
|
Flood inundation map for 2, 5, 10, 50 and 100 year rainfall ... |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 14
|
Flood inundation map for 2, 5, 10, 50 and 100 year rainfall ... |
| PMC6516649 |
Fig 15
|
Flood inundation map for 2, 5, 10, 50 and 100 year rainfall ... |
| PMC6519398 |
Figure 1
|
An illustration of the regional clusters used for the analys ... |
| PMC6519398 |
Figure 2
|
The changing return periods of precipitation events as a fun ... |
| PMC6519398 |
Figure 3
|
An illustration of the changing return periods, by region, o ... |
| PMC6519398 |
Figure 4
|
The predicted intensity of extreme precipitation in various ... |
| PMC6527258 |
Fig. 1
|
Shift in the snow-monsoon relationship. ( A) Spatial distrib ... |
| PMC6527258 |
Fig. 2
|
Robustness tests of the shift in the snow-monsoon relationsh ... |
| PMC6527258 |
Fig. 3
|
The relationships between air temperature, atmospheric circu ... |
| PMC6527258 |
Fig. 4
|
Changes in spring snow cover and soil moisture memory over c ... |
| PMC6533249 |
Figure 1
|
Location map of the study area. |
| PMC6533249 |
Figure 2
|
Rainfall projections with GCM models till 2085. |
| PMC6533249 |
Figure 3
|
IDF curves for observed climate data and selected climate mo ... |
| PMC6533249 |
Figure 4
|
Storm drainage network of study area. |
| PMC6533249 |
Figure 5
|
Number of nodes flooded under 2, 5, 10, 50 and 100 year retu ... |
| PMC6533249 |
Figure 6
|
Vulnerable hotspots of the study area. |
| PMC6533249 |
Figure 7
|
Delineation of storm drainage network in wards 177, 178 and ... |
| PMC6534560 |
Figure 1
|
Hurricane peak season (August, September, and October, ASO) ... |
| PMC6534560 |
Figure 2
|
Vertical wind shear from left panels: CMIP5 multi-model mean ... |
| PMC6534560 |
Figure 3
|
( a) CMIP5 multi-model mean vertical wind shear for historic ... |
| PMC6534560 |
Figure 4
|
Global pattern of VWS difference between 2070–2099 and 1971– ... |
| PMC6539408 |
Figure 1
|
Spatial distribution of climatology of annual mean WBGT duri ... |
| PMC6539408 |
Figure 2
|
Changes in annual mean air temperature (shading) during 2076 ... |
| PMC6539408 |
Figure 3
|
The spatial distributions of difference in annual total WHWD ... |
| PMC6539408 |
Figure 4
|
Temporal changes with latitude in the difference in the numb ... |
| PMC6547650 |
Figure 1
|
Locations of weather stations considered in this study (see ... |
| PMC6547650 |
Figure 2
|
Share of extremely warm DJF days (TX95) from observations ov ... |
| PMC6547650 |
Figure 3
|
Multi-Model-Mean (MMM) of HW metrics from RCM simulations ov ... |
| PMC6547650 |
Figure 4
|
Multi-Model-Mean (MMM) of HW metrics and TX95 estimates from ... |
| PMC6547650 |
Figure 5
|
Multi-Model-Mean (MMM) of HW metrics from GCM simulations ov ... |
| PMC6547650 |
Figure 6
|
Multi-Model-Mean (MMM) of TX95 estimates and HW metrics comp ... |
| PMC6547650 |
Figure 7
|
Histograms of the daily DJF T MAX anomalies rendered by the ... |
| PMC6547650 |
Figure 8
|
TX95 estimates by midcentury (2046–2055) computed from diffe ... |
| PMC6547650 |
Figure 9
|
TX95 estimates by midcentury (2046–2055) computed from diffe ... |
| PMC6551166 |
Fig. 1
|
CDFs of inverse persistence (θ) and local dimension ( d) for ... |
| PMC6551166 |
Fig. 2
|
Transition probability matrices for EM synoptic systems. ( A ... |
| PMC6551166 |
Fig. 3
|
SLP mean composites for eastern Mediterranean synoptic syste ... |
| PMC6551166 |
Fig. 4
|
CDFs of inverse persistence (θ) for CMIP5 models and NCEP/NC ... |
| PMC6551166 |
Fig. 5
|
CDFs of local dimension ( d) for CMIP5 models and NCEP/NCAR ... |
| PMC6551166 |
Fig. 6
|
Transition probability matrices for CMIP5 models and the NCE ... |
| PMC6559216 |
Fig. 1
|
Location of study sites across the United Kingdom (UK) and N ... |
| PMC6559216 |
Fig. 2
|
Simulated grain yield and harvest index (HI) of local winter ... |
| PMC6559216 |
Fig. 3
|
Simulated leaf area index ( LAI) at anthesis, grain filling ... |
| PMC6561978 |
Figure 1
|
Species richness of snakes distributed in the Atlantic Fores ... |
| PMC6561978 |
Figure 2
|
Species richness and turnover patters of snake species acros ... |
| PMC6561978 |
Figure 3
|
Expected changes in the range size of the snakes in the Atla ... |
| PMC6561978 |
Figure 4
|
Range loss projected to 2080. I. species whose loss is estim ... |
| PMC6561978 |
Figure 5
|
Effectiveness of the protected areas of Atlantic Forest in s ... |
| PMC6561978 |
Figure 6
|
Relationship of the mean percentage overlap (MPO, percentage ... |
| PMC6561978 |
Figure 7
|
Brazilian Atlantic Forest Biodiversity Hotspot. Original ext ... |
| PMC6571686 |
Figure 1
|
Sketch map of the Heihe River basin and gauging meteorologic ... |
| PMC6571686 |
Figure 2
|
Performances of 23 GCMs for the precipitation, T mean, T max ... |
| PMC6571686 |
Figure 3
|
Spatial variation patterns of the mean annual precipitation ... |
| PMC6571686 |
Figure 4
|
Spatial variation patterns of the T mean under ( a) RCP2.6; ... |
| PMC6571686 |
Figure 5
|
Spatial variation patterns of the T max under ( a) RCP2.6; ( ... |
| PMC6571686 |
Figure 6
|
Spatial variation patterns of the T min under ( a) RCP2.6; ( ... |
| PMC6571686 |
Figure 7
|
Changes of the mean annual ( a) maize yield and ( b) CWC in ... |
| PMC6571686 |
Figure 8
|
Changes of the mean annual ( a) maize yield and ( b) CWC in ... |
| PMC6571686 |
Figure 9
|
Decadal changes of the maize WP in the ( a) Gaotai area and ... |
| PMC6582658 |
Figure 1
|
Potential for global distribution and abundance of female Ae ... |
| PMC6582658 |
Figure 2
|
Change in the potential abundance of Aedes aegypti (per larv ... |
| PMC6582658 |
Figure 3
|
Change in the potential abundance of Aedes aegypti (per larv ... |
| PMC6582658 |
Figure 4
|
Relative changes (%) in the global potential abundance of Ae ... |
| PMC6582658 |
Figure 5
|
Model comparison of different drivers on the global distribu ... |
| PMC6582658 |
Figure 6
|
Comparison two-decades averaged global distribution of femal ... |
| PMC6586835 |
Figure 1
|
Nesting beaches for loggerhead turtles in Brazil. From north ... |
| PMC6586835 |
Figure 2
|
Monthly averages for hatching success (bars) at ( a, b) Bahi ... |
| PMC6586835 |
Figure 3
|
Monthly averages for emergence rate (bars) at ( a, b) Bahia, ... |
| PMC6586835 |
Figure 4
|
Monthly climatic conditions for each state (line) and propor ... |
| PMC6586835 |
Figure 5
|
Best fit models descibing ( a– c) hatching success and ( d– ... |
| PMC6586835 |
Figure 6
|
Historic averages (solid points) and projected values of air ... |
| PMC6586835 |
Figure 7
|
Historic averages (solid points) and projected values of pre ... |
| PMC6586835 |
Figure 8
|
Historic average (solid point) and projected hatching succes ... |
| PMC6591298 |
Fig. 1
|
Changes in the main drivers of energy demand between 2010 an ... |
| PMC6591298 |
Fig. 2
|
The total energy demand exposed to changes in cold and hot d ... |
| PMC6591298 |
Fig. 3
|
Global total energy demand amplification from climate change ... |
| PMC6591298 |
Fig. 4
|
Agreement across ESMs on changes in final energy demand. Map ... |
| PMC6591298 |
Fig. 5
|
Exposure of people with different adaptation challenges to c ... |
| PMC6591298 |
Fig. 6
|
Brief overview of the methodology of this study and its rela ... |
| PMC6591321 |
Figure 1
|
Precipitation extremes may be underestimated, leading to mis ... |
| PMC6591321 |
Figure 2
|
Concatenating MICE, justifiable owing to identical physics, ... |
| PMC6591321 |
Figure 3
|
Reducing the irreducible uncertainty for impact and adaptati ... |
| PMC6591321 |
Figure 4
|
Mechanistic rationale and statistical justification of uncer ... |
| PMC6597354 |
Fig. 1
|
Geographical Distribution of SHUE Cities by WHO Region |
| PMC6597354 |
Fig. 2
|
Histograms of (A) City Populations and (B) per capita GDP fo ... |
| PMC6597354 |
Fig.3
|
Increase in the Mean of Daily Mean Temperatures for the Hott ... |
| PMC6597354 |
Fig.4
|
(A), (B), (C) and (D) City Annual Mean Particle Air Pollutio ... |
| PMC6597354 |
Fig. 5
|
Multiple Environmental Hazards for WHO European Region Citie ... |
| PMC6605068 |
Figure 1
|
Empirical orthogonal function (EOF), correlation, and regres ... |
| PMC6605068 |
Figure 2
|
As in Figure 1 but for coarse dust (CD). |
| PMC6605068 |
Figure 3
|
Projected changes in annual mean (a) fine dust and (b) coars ... |
| PMC6605068 |
Figure 4
|
Total annual incidence (sum of reference and excess burdens) ... |
| PMC6605068 |
Figure 5
|
As in Figure 4 but for coarse dust. The health endpoints sho ... |
| PMC6605068 |
Figure 6
|
Total annual economic damages of health impacts related to f ... |
| PMC6610091 |
Figure 1
|
Hierarchical clustering in CMIP5 models based on the correla ... |
| PMC6610091 |
Figure 2
|
Same as Fig. 1 but with clustering done based on convective ... |
| PMC6610091 |
Figure 3
|
Same as Fig. 1 but with clustering done based on large-scal ... |
| PMC6610091 |
Figure 4
|
The spatial variation of mean JJAS (June–September) convecti ... |
| PMC6610091 |
Figure 5
|
The differences in mean JJAS convective precipitation of eac ... |
| PMC6610091 |
Figure 6
|
The spatial variation of mean JJAS (June – September) 850 hP ... |
| PMC6610091 |
Figure 7
|
Same as Fig. 4 but for large-scale precipitation from obser ... |
| PMC6610091 |
Figure 8
|
Same as Fig. 5, but for large-scale precipitation. |
| PMC6616623 |
Fig. 1
|
Individual Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CM ... |
| PMC6616623 |
Fig. 2
|
Joint model probabilities. a HadISST_r51_anthro and b NSIDC_ ... |
| PMC6616623 |
Fig. 3
|
Combination model probabilities. Joint weights of each clima ... |
| PMC6616623 |
Fig. 4
|
Probability density functions (pdfs) of global mean surface ... |
| PMC6616907 |
Figure 1
|
Global greenhouse gas emissions for INDC (Intended Nationall ... |
| PMC6616907 |
Figure 2
|
Variation of the maximum atmospheric temperature (TXx, left ... |
| PMC6616907 |
Figure 3
|
Twmax of the hottest month under ( a) 1.5 °C scenario, ( b) ... |
| PMC6616907 |
Figure 4
|
Hotspot regions with high wet-bulb temperatures (two columns ... |
| PMC6616907 |
Figure 5
|
Number of days and hours when the wet-bulb temperature excee ... |
| PMC6616907 |
Figure 6
|
Annual global person-days exposed to different wet-bulb temp ... |
| PMC6617450 |
Figure 1
|
Annual average maximum IVT for AR events landfalling upon th ... |
| PMC6617450 |
Figure 2
|
Future changes in daily precipitation frequency binned by pe ... |
| PMC6617450 |
Figure 3
|
Coefficient of variation (i.e. variance normalized by the me ... |
| PMC6617450 |
Figure 4
|
Annual total ( a), AR-related ( b) and non-AR related ( c) L ... |
| PMC6624367 |
Figure 1
|
Historical pyroconvection conditions based on daily values o ... |
| PMC6624367 |
Figure 2
|
Historical extreme values of CH for the period 1990–2009. Th ... |
| PMC6624367 |
Figure 3
|
Temporal changes in pyroconvection risk for four different c ... |
| PMC6624367 |
Figure 4
|
Historical near-surface fire weather conditions based on dai ... |
| PMC6624367 |
Figure 5
|
Spatial changes in pyroconvection risk for three different m ... |
| PMC6624367 |
Figure 6
|
Spatial changes in near-surface fire weather condition for t ... |
| PMC6639258 |
Fig. 1
|
Relationship between soil thermal diffusivity and soil organ ... |
| PMC6639258 |
Fig. 2
|
Relationship between permafrost area and thermal diffusivity ... |
| PMC6639258 |
Fig. 3
|
Impact of organic matter on modelled active layer thickness ... |
| PMC6640191 |
FIGURE 1
|
Geographical and climatic coverage of the trait dataset. The ... |
| PMC6640191 |
FIGURE 2
|
Anomaly of mean annual temperature ( A, MAT), mean annual pr ... |
| PMC6640191 |
FIGURE 3
|
Climate-related trait dimensions from the redundancy analysi ... |
| PMC6640191 |
FIGURE 4
|
Trait statistics for each vegetation type. The box depicts t ... |
| PMC6640191 |
FIGURE 5
|
(A) Projected vegetation patterns under different representa ... |
| PMC6645462 |
Fig 1
|
Comparisons of observed and modeled aboveground biomass (AGC ... |
| PMC6645462 |
Fig 2
|
Temporal dynamics of simulated NPP (a), Rh (b), and NEP (c) ... |
| PMC6645462 |
Fig 3
|
Spatial distributions of the partial correlation coefficient ... |
| PMC6645462 |
Fig 4
|
Spatial distributions of the partial correlation coefficient ... |
| PMC6645462 |
Fig 5
|
Responses of simulated ΔNPP (a, d, g), ΔRh (b, e, h), and ΔN ... |
| PMC6645462 |
Fig 6
|
The differences between simulated NPP (a), Rh (b), and NEP ( ... |
| PMC6657682 |
Figure 1
|
Classification matrix of extinction risk for areas with micr ... |
| PMC6657682 |
Figure 2
|
Geographic distribution of areas with microendemic species o ... |
| PMC6657682 |
Figure 3
|
The relative importance of habitat loss and climate change a ... |
| PMC6657847 |
Fig 1
|
Schematic of the utilization of the transfer function to pre ... |
| PMC6657847 |
Fig 2
|
Climatology of observed historical water temperature (Obs) i ... |
| PMC6657847 |
Fig 3
|
Length of crab overwintering period (top panel; expressed as ... |
| PMC6657847 |
Fig 4
|
Number of days below 9°C by latitude at different locations ... |
| PMC6662284 |
Figure 1
|
Upper left: Location of St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge ( ... |
| PMC6662284 |
Figure 2
|
Two of the principal stressors, changes in climate and habit ... |
| PMC6662284 |
Figure 3
|
SLOSH models of maximum surge level during a (a) Category 1 ... |
| PMC6662284 |
Figure 4
|
Specific conductance (µS/cm) of non‐overwashed ponds and ove ... |
| PMC6662284 |
Figure 5
|
Amount of rainfall (black dotted line) recorded since 10 Oct ... |
| PMC6686690 |
Figure 1
|
(a) Framework for estimating the Time of Steady Change (TSC) ... |
| PMC6686690 |
Figure 2
|
The Time of Steady Change estimated using the Representative ... |
| PMC6686690 |
Figure 3
|
(a) Map of the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP ... |
| PMC6686691 |
Figure 1
|
The breakdown of the barotropic vorticity budget (m/s) over ... |
| PMC6686691 |
Figure 2
|
Top figure (a) illustrates the area selected by the clusters ... |
| PMC6686691 |
Figure 3
|
Maps of the selected locations (a, c, e) and corresponding a ... |
| PMC6686691 |
Figure 4
|
Maps of the selected locations (a, c, e) and corresponding a ... |
| PMC6686691 |
Figure 5
|
Schematic of identified regions with names and cluster numbe ... |
| PMC6693914 |
Fig. 1
|
Global mean vapor pressure deficit (VPD) anomalies of vegeta ... |
| PMC6693914 |
Fig. 2
|
Comparison of oceanic evaporation ( E ocean) trends during t ... |
| PMC6693914 |
Fig. 3
|
Comparisons of NDVI trends over the globally vegetated areas ... |
| PMC6693914 |
Fig. 4
|
Comparison of NDVI trends over the globally vegetated areas ... |
| PMC6693914 |
Fig. 5
|
Spatial patterns of correlations between VPD and satellite-b ... |
| PMC6693914 |
Fig. 6
|
Long-term changes of global GPP and environmental regulation ... |
| PMC6696578 |
Figure 1
|
Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the Intended Nation ... |
| PMC6696578 |
Figure 2
|
( a) Present annual mean temperature over Central Asia; ( b– ... |
| PMC6696578 |
Figure 3
|
Regional mean probability ratio (PR) values over Central Asi ... |
| PMC6696578 |
Figure 4
|
Changes in TMX3day (column I), TNX3day (column II), and HW ( ... |
| PMC6696578 |
Figure 5
|
Population density-weighted average differences among the IN ... |
| PMC6696578 |
Figure 6
|
The fraction of the population and area in Central Asia for ... |
| PMC6696578 |
Figure 7
|
Changes of extreme high-temperature events avoided over Cent ... |
| PMC6703873 |
Fig. 1
|
Atlantic Niño–Pacific connection in observation and CMIP5 mo ... |
| PMC6703873 |
Fig. 2
|
Projected decrease in the Atlantic Niño–Pacific connection. ... |
| PMC6703873 |
Fig. 3
|
Projection of decreased response to a diabatic equatorial At ... |
| PMC6703873 |
Fig. 4
|
Mechanism for the projected decrease in the Atlantic Niño–Pa ... |
| PMC6703873 |
Fig. 5
|
Weakened Atlantic Niño–Pacific teleconnection in the CAM3.1- ... |
| PMC6706450 |
Fig. 1
|
Coastal counties along the US Atlantic and Gulf Coasts (numb ... |
| PMC6706450 |
Fig. 2
|
Flood return period curves for the historical period of 1980 ... |
| PMC6706450 |
Fig. 3
|
Projected flood hazards along the US Atlantic and Gulf Coast ... |
| PMC6706450 |
Fig. 4
|
Projected contributions of SLR and TC climatology change to ... |
| PMC6706450 |
Fig. 5
|
Projected changes in TC characteristics from the historical ... |
| PMC6711539 |
Fig 1
|
Recorded occurrences of indoor and outdoor B. tabaci in Fran ... |
| PMC6711539 |
Fig 2
|
Location of East Anglia (UK) and the Mediterranean (France) ... |
| PMC6711539 |
Fig 3
|
Theoretical mean number of generations using data for 1986–2 ... |
| PMC6711539 |
Fig 4
|
Latitudinal transects from the EObs dataset. A: Percentage o ... |
| PMC6711539 |
Fig 5
|
Latitudinal transects showing the percentage of month (A: Ju ... |
| PMC6711539 |
Fig 6
|
Latitudinal transect showing the percentage of month (A: Jun ... |
| PMC6728145 |
Fig 1
|
Change (%) in range size (ΔRange) and suitability (ΔSuitabil ... |
| PMC6728145 |
Fig 2
|
Change (%) in range size (ΔRange) and suitability (ΔSuitabil ... |
| PMC6728145 |
Fig 3
|
Variation in species suitability between the transition Plei ... |
| PMC6736793 |
Figure 1
|
Inter-model spreads in the shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) ... |
| PMC6736793 |
Figure 2
|
Diagram of the Arctic climate sensitivity (ACS) as a functio ... |
| PMC6736793 |
Figure 3
|
Arctic radiative-response coefficient (RRC) against the ( a) ... |
| PMC6736793 |
Figure 4
|
Dynamical-response coefficient (DRC) in units of W m −2K −1 ... |
| PMC6736793 |
Figure 5
|
Twelve-month moving-averaged anomalous time series of the do ... |
| PMC6736793 |
Figure 6
|
Relationships between the change in net TOA radiative flux ( ... |
| PMC6750907 |
Fig. 1
|
Synoptic weather conditions driving extreme events. Composit ... |
| PMC6750907 |
Fig. 2
|
Present probability of potential compound flooding (CF). Ret ... |
| PMC6750907 |
Fig. 3
|
Future probability of potential compound flooding (CF). ( A) ... |
| PMC6750907 |
Fig. 4
|
Attribution of probability change in potential compound floo ... |
| PMC6751163 |
Fig. 1
|
Global map indicating the trend of LAI from 1981 to 2016. Th ... |
| PMC6751163 |
Fig. 2
|
Comparison of the simulated annual land sink (NEP) by BEPS a ... |
| PMC6751163 |
Fig. 3
|
The accumulated terrestrial carbon sink from 1981 to 2016, a ... |
| PMC6751163 |
Fig. 4
|
Attribution of the global land sink to various factors by re ... |
| PMC6752154 |
Figure 1
|
Location of white spruce provenances and test sites (a) and ... |
| PMC6752154 |
Figure 2
|
Detrended ring width increments (a) of provenances summarize ... |
| PMC6752154 |
Figure 3
|
Correlations among the climate of provenance origin and grow ... |
| PMC6752154 |
Figure 4
|
Hargreaves climatic moisture deficit (CMD) for the current d ... |
| PMC6757059 |
Figure 1
|
Global increase in heat exposure per carbon emission. Increa ... |
| PMC6757059 |
Figure 2
|
Spatial representation of the increase in heat exposure with ... |
| PMC6757059 |
Figure 3
|
Comparison between different scenarios of the increase in he ... |
| PMC6757059 |
Figure 4
|
Annual labour productivity loss due to the increase in heat ... |
| PMC6757059 |
Figure 5
|
Transient response of annual labour productivity loss \docum ... |
| PMC6757062 |
Figure 1
|
Scatterplots of the standardized NDJF SST anomalies (SSTA SD ... |
| PMC6757062 |
Figure 2
|
Composite of the ( a,b) SST anomalies (°C) in the IPWP regio ... |
| PMC6757062 |
Figure 3
|
( a–d) The SST forcing (shading; units: °C) and 850-hPa wind ... |
| PMC6757062 |
Figure 4
|
(left) Horizontal distribution of the idealized heating (K d ... |
| PMC6757062 |
Figure 5
|
( a–d) 250-hPa wave geopotential height (Z * 250 hPa) anomal ... |
| PMC6757062 |
Figure 6
|
Latitude–height geopotential height associated with stationa ... |
| PMC6757062 |
Figure 7
|
Latitude–pressure cross-sections of the DJF average of ( a–d ... |
| PMC6760931 |
Fig. 1
|
Most important wheat-growing areas and the effect of SWS on ... |
| PMC6760931 |
Fig. 2
|
Areas that are most and least at risk of an increased probab ... |
| PMC6760931 |
Fig. 3
|
Estimated proportion of global wheat-growing area affected b ... |
| PMC6766004 |
Figure 1
|
( A) Annual parasite incidence (API) for Plasmodium vivax ( ... |
| PMC6766004 |
Figure 2
|
Sinusoidal membership function definition. |
| PMC6766004 |
Figure 3
|
Monthly climate suitability maps for P. vivax malaria using ... |
| PMC6766004 |
Figure 4
|
Monthly climate suitability maps for P. falciparum malaria u ... |
| PMC6766004 |
Figure 5
|
Composite climate suitability map for malaria transmission f ... |
| PMC6766004 |
Figure 6
|
Projected changes in a number of months in the Transmission ... |
| PMC6766004 |
Figure 7
|
Climate-based Transmission Windows (TW) Vis-à-vis malaria en ... |
| PMC6773721 |
Figure 1
|
Heat wave intensity-duration-frequency (HIDF) curves for six ... |
| PMC6773721 |
Figure 2
|
Heat wave intensity-duration-frequency (HIDF) curves for Chi ... |
| PMC6773721 |
Figure 3
|
Mean heat wave intensity-duration-frequency (HIDF) curves fo ... |
| PMC6773721 |
Figure 4
|
Comparison between historical (including anthropogenic forci ... |
| PMC6774263 |
Figure 1
|
Spatial patterns of the four regimes defined by the cluster ... |
| PMC6774263 |
Figure 2
|
The sharpness metric for reanalysis products and the three m ... |
| PMC6774263 |
Figure 3
|
Dependence of sharpness metric on number of ensemble members ... |
| PMC6774283 |
Figure 1
|
Time‐series of the ensemble mean of the global annual net bi ... |
| PMC6774283 |
Figure 2
|
Power spectra for the time‐series global annual net biome pr ... |
| PMC6774283 |
Figure 3
|
Spectra for the global annual (a, c, and e) net biome produc ... |
| PMC6774283 |
Figure 4
|
Spatial patterns of the relative contributions (expressed as ... |
| PMC6774283 |
Figure 5
|
The same as Figure 4 but for (a, c, and e) variance in hete ... |
| PMC6774283 |
Figure 6
|
Power spectra for time‐series of global annual net biome pro ... |
| PMC6774283 |
Figure 7
|
The responses in the global annual net biome production (NBP ... |
| PMC6774283 |
Figure 8
|
Differences between the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1450‐1849) and ... |
| PMC6774283 |
Figure 9
|
The relative variance in net primary production (NPP), net b ... |
| PMC6774312 |
Figure 1
|
Considered hot day area and time frame. (a) Regions north of ... |
| PMC6774312 |
Figure 2
|
Heat‐related impacts in 2018 as reported by news agencies. ( ... |
| PMC6774312 |
Figure 3
|
North hemispheric extent of the 2018 heat wave.(a) Number of ... |
| PMC6774312 |
Figure 4
|
Temporal evolution of average concurrent hot day areas betwe ... |
| PMC6774312 |
Figure 5
|
The 2018 north hemispheric concurrent heat extremes in an at ... |
| PMC6774312 |
Figure 6
|
North hemispheric concurrent hot day area thresholds (May to ... |
| PMC6774733 |
Fig. 1
|
CVP and its historical and projected changes. ( A and B) His ... |
| PMC6774733 |
Fig. 2
|
Growth responses to six-month precipitation composites. Grow ... |
| PMC6774733 |
Fig. 3
|
Growth responses to 3-month seasonal precipitation composite ... |
| PMC6774733 |
Fig. 4
|
Responses of forest growth to seasonal precipitation extreme ... |
| PMC6774733 |
Fig. 5
|
Density plots showing the relationship between growth respon ... |
| PMC6774733 |
Fig. 6
|
Simulated implications of changing precipitation variability ... |
| PMC6777750 |
Fig 1
|
flgden v2.0 workflow. Workflow: Extending fldgen v1.0 (arrow ... |
| PMC6777750 |
Fig 2
|
Comparison of empirical CDF from precipitation data with nor ... |
| PMC6777750 |
Fig 3
|
The constructed transformation from data’s native distributi ... |
| PMC6787065 |
Fig. 1
|
Biogeochemical response to an Fe-induced stimulation of N 2 ... |
| PMC6787065 |
Fig. 2
|
N 2 fixation and its relationship with atmospheric CO 2. The ... |
| PMC6787065 |
Fig. 3
|
How N 2 fixation enables CO 2 storage in the ocean. The resp ... |
| PMC6787065 |
Fig. 4
|
Seeking evidence from sedimentary δ 15N org records. Shading ... |
| PMC6787065 |
Fig. 5
|
Scenarios of Fe supply to the tropical Pacific. In the low i ... |
| PMC6789133 |
Fig. 1
|
Illustration of the definition of a flash drought event. The ... |
| PMC6789133 |
Fig. 2
|
Comparison of mean frequency and duration of flash drought e ... |
| PMC6789133 |
Fig. 3
|
Future changes in flash drought severity and risk over China ... |
| PMC6789133 |
Fig. 4
|
Attribution for historical change in flash drought frequency ... |
| PMC6789133 |
Fig. 5
|
Future changes in flash drought risk averaged over China und ... |
| PMC6800422 |
Figure 1
|
The spatial pattern of annual-mean temperature ( a– c) over ... |
| PMC6800422 |
Figure 2
|
As in Fig. 1, but for TXx ( a– d) and TNn ( e– h) (Units: ° ... |
| PMC6800422 |
Figure 3
|
As in Fig. 1, but for WSDI (a–d) and FD (e–h) (Units: days) ... |
| PMC6800422 |
Figure 4
|
Percentages of variances (for different areal-mean climate i ... |
| PMC6800422 |
Figure 5
|
The spatial patterns of PR for 10-year ( a– c), 20-year ( d– ... |
| PMC6800422 |
Figure 6
|
The PDF of areal-mean TXx series over China under stabilized ... |
| PMC6800422 |
Figure 7
|
As in Fig. 5, but for 5-, 10- and 20-year TNn. |
| PMC6802043 |
Figure 1
|
Variation of effects sizes among different atmospheric‐ocean ... |
| PMC6802043 |
Figure 2
|
Relationship between raw mean difference ( D, %) and IUCN ca ... |
| PMC6802043 |
Figure 3
|
Relationship between raw mean difference ( D, %) and species ... |
| PMC6811528 |
Figure 1
|
Temperature and match-mismatch effects on the fluctuations o ... |
| PMC6811528 |
Figure 2
|
Effect of climate change on match-mismatch and population ch ... |
| PMC6811528 |
Figure 3
|
Study area and schematic presentation of the life cycles use ... |