'Ed TV' (1999)
A movie review by Walter Frith
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Member of the ‘Online Film Critics Society' http://www.ofcs.org
'Ed TV' had me mildly interested for about the first half its running length. But after that, it made its point and then just kept going on and on before finding a trivial way to conclude itself. How appropriate that a film about television should have so many people from television's history in it. Woody Harrelson ('Cheers'), Ellen DeGeneres ('Ellen'), Rob Reiner ('All in the Family'), Jenna Elfman ('Dharma and Greg'), and Martin Landau ('Mission Impossible', 'Space: 1999'). Screenwriters Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel even got their start on the small screen, and directing it all, little Opie and Richie Cunningham (Ron Howard). The star of 'Ed TV' (Matthew McConaughey) saves the film from being a total failure just as he did with 1996's 'A Time to Kill' which also hung on by a thread every time he wasn't on screen. McConaughey is starting to fall into the same trap as George Clooney in so much as he is extremely talented but can't quite find the right film role after a few years on the big screen to really push him over the line into true stardom.
In 'Ed TV' McConaughey stars as Ed Pekurny, a 31 year-old video store clerk who gets selected by a failing network to be the star of its new show. A show without scripts, directors or focus. It's the brainchild of a programming executive (Ellen DeGeneres). And taking credit for it all is a shady and shark like fellow executive (Rob Reiner). It's entitled Ed TV and the concept is simple: an ordinary man's life will be put on television 24 hours a day as he goes about his usual business and every detail of his life will be for the general entertainment of the viewing public. Actually, Ed isn't on television when he sleeps but the cameras are there to greet him when he opens his eyes in the morning. Sound familiar? 'Ed TV' is, in many ways, the reverse of 'The Truman Show' where a man's life was on t.v. from the cradle into his 30's but the only difference is that he didn't know about it and Ed does.
Ed's family is quite a handful. His older brother Ray (Harrelson) believes he should have been chosen for the show and although the rest of the family is against the idea at first, Ray says: "He's 31 years old and works as a video store clerk. What's he going to do? Spend the rest of his life re-arranging "Ernest" movies?" Ed and Ray's mother and step dad (Sally Kirkland and Martin Landau) have a solid marriage at first but the new show brings out secrets that may threaten their relationship when Ed's long lost dad (Dennis Hopper) comes to visit. Ray's fiancé Shari (Jenna Elfman) eventually falls for Ed, complicating things even further and Ed wants to quit the show but the network won't let him out of his contract. He breaks up with Shari and the audience is dying to see him get it on with a hot model (Elizabeth Hurley). We constantly see people from all over America watching the show, injecting their own opinions about what should happen in Ed's life and the show's direction in many ways is determined by polls taken and the published results show up constantly in the newspaper USA Today. Ed rides the zamboni at hockey games and is cheered on by folks, has his image plastered on the side of city buses with a caption beside it promoting the show, has people following him on the streets wanting his autograph and there are plenty of in-jokes about television. Put that together with plenty of annoying product placements and advertisements and you REALLY have a movie about t.v.!
Gee, did I describe the film enough for you? My point in this case was to tell you more than I had to really, to illustrate that most of this happens in about the first hour to 75 minutes and then the film gets bogged down with reflection on the part of Ed as he looks back on the whole experience with regret and the film shifts gears from comedy to drama and can't decide what its real purpose is. The best performance in the film comes from Harrelson and Ganz and Mandel's script has its usual flubbering of jokes that are in bad taste, inventing new terms and combining some old ones for a few belly laughs but the film feels like a failed sales pitch where you think you may have the potential to buy a product you'll like, but you just can't quite see yourself paying for it.
The film does make some good points about the state of television in the 90's where trashy television pays off with enough people supporting it. A major news story came out at the end of 1998 citing that network television viewer ship was down a whopping 12% for the year, making it the biggest loser in media competition. When a professional wrestling program is currently the biggest show on cable, what does THAT say about the state of quality? Not a lot in my opinion and that's sort of what 'Ed TV' is like. It's staged, it's false, and it doesn't mean a whole lot except for what you already know about television. How many people want to lay down money for a big screen movie with a small screen message? I don't.
OUT OF 5 > * * 1/2
Visit FILM FOLLOW-UP by Walter Frith http://www.cgocable.net/~wfrith/movies.htm
* * * * * - a must see * * * * 1/2 - don't miss it * * * * - an excellent film * * * 1/2 - a marginal recommendation * * * - can't quite recommend it * * 1/2 - don't recommend it * * - avoid it * 1/2 - avoid it seriously * - avoid it AT ALL COSTS 1/2 - see it at your own risk zero - may be hazardous to your health
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Using spectral-counts
After you have run a search and
assigned confidence to your identified PSMs, you can now calculate
relative quantification values for the proteins by running the
command:
$ crux spectral-counts --threshold 0.1 --protein-database small-yeast.fasta ./crux-output/percolator.target.psms.txt
While the command is running, you will see output like this
INFO: CPU: guanine.gs.washington.edu INFO: Crux version: 4.0-ad795d65-2021-08-23 INFO: Tue Sep 14 21:35:02 PDT 2021 INFO: Beginning spectral-counts. INFO: Total proteins found: 56 INFO: Assigning index 0 to ./crux-output/percolator.target.psms.txt. INFO: Number of matches:9134 INFO: Number of matches passed the threshold 1515 INFO: Number of peptides 758 INFO: Number of proteins 54 INFO: Elapsed time: 0.263 s INFO: Finished crux spectral-counts. INFO: Return Code:0
The crux-output directory will now contain three new files:
- spectral-counts.target.txt – tab-delimited file containing the
spectral-counts
results - spectral-counts.params.txt – parameter file
- spectral-counts.log.txt – log file.
The spectral-counts.target.txt file will look something like:
protein id NSAF YGR192C 0.14454275 YCR012W 0.07278429 YBR118W 0.070475481 YLL024C 0.045148738 YOR063W 0.045023989 YDR064W 0.039725326 YLR043C 0.027732428 YLR249W 0.027634142
In this output, the first field is the identifier and the second field is the spectral-counting measure (NSAF, dNSAF, SIN, or EMPAI) result for each protein. To select which measure is computed, see the crux spectral-counts documentation.
Using peptideprophet probability from pepXML
crux spectral-counts
also supports
using Peptide Prophet probabilities provided in a
pepXML file. Use the command:
$ crux spectral-counts --protein-database small-yeast.fasta --threshold-type custom --custom-threshold-name peptideprophet --threshold 0.9 --custom-threshold-min F target.pep.xml
Using mzIdentML files with spectral-counts
crux spectral-counts
also supports mzIdentML as input. For example,
If the protein sequences are not provided within the given mzIdentML file, then you will have to provide a database using the protein-database parameter for the NSAF, dNSAF, EMPAI, and SIN metrics.


Black Friday Mania: Online Store Lists Used Ferrari, Dealer Offers Better Price
by Mircea PanaitDeep down inside, we all know that Black Friday is meant to kick the customer’s emotional side into overdrive. The shopping spree mania is full of false discounting thanks to inflated and deflated pricing strategies, the kind of practice that turns the consummate consumer into a skeptic overnight.
Black Friday can also be deceiving in the automotive realm, as proven by the biggest online retailer in Romania. eMAG announced that it’s partnering up with a few dealerships to sell cars through the store’s marketplace, and the biggest offender is this Ferrari GTC4 Lusso from 2018.
Offered at 263,000 euros on eMAG, the listing for the Italian grand tourer doesn’t mention the mileage nor does it feature real-world photographs of the vehicle in question. Only six press photos are offered, but that didn’t stop us from going down that rabbit hole to find out more info about the car.
Plus Autotrade SRL is the name of the company that operates the dealership selling the GTC4Lusso, headquartered in an apartment block in downtown Bucharest. The financial situation of Plus Autotrade isn’t exactly encouraging because the net profit for 2018 is 6.5 times lower than the company’s debt.
Heading over to their website, the Ferrari is listed for sale at 258,823 euros, real pictures and all that jazz. That’s a difference of 4,177 euros, and no, the dealership doesn’t mention a thing about Black Friday in the ad. Without further beating around the bush, it’s crystal clear that eMAG is pocketing the difference in pricing while the customer doesn’t benefit from any discount.
The local media reports that the car was reserved for 1,000 RON (equivalating to 210 euros) two times today, but at the time of writing, the GTC4Lusso is back on eMAG with the same truncated information as before. Plus Autotrade says that the car has 450 kilometers (approximately 280 miles) on the odometer, and the first registration is dated March 2019.
God only knows how the vehicle was driven until today, and the dealership doesn’t even mention if those kilometers were used to demo the GTC4Lusso to prospective customers. Revving the naturally aspirated V12 while the engine is still cold isn’t exactly an encouraging thought…
On that note, Black Friday deals have once again been proven to be nothing more than myths. “Discount” is an extremely powerful word from a psychological standpoint, and the problem doesn’t lie with the companies who profit from discounted items. It’s the consumer - us folks - who should think twice before the purchase, and two questions have to be posed before entering one’s credit card information.
First and foremost, do I really need this thing? And secondly, do I need to buy this item now knowing that pricing may get better after Black Friday? 🏁


ExternalFunction::Arguments Class Reference
#include <ExternalFunction.hpp>
List of all members.
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
| virtual ExternalFunction::Arguments::~Arguments |
( |
|
) |
[inline, virtual] |
Member Function Documentation
| virtual Result ExternalFunction::Arguments::getArgument |
( |
size_t |
index, |
|
|
DynamicContext * |
context | |
|
) |
| | const [pure virtual] |
Return the result for the argument index specified. Arguments indexes are zero based.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


2015.10.12
Oh the Whirlwind…
Since my last post I think it’s fair to say that I have Leveled Up, both in Ruby and in Rails.
Leveling Up Rails with TDD
Since my last post I have been working on a new App, the catch is that this one is being built from the ground up with Test Driven Development practice of writing the tests first and then coding the feature. This makes incremental changes less likely to break any necessary features, it also seems to increase the time it takes to build anything by orders of magnitude.
Granted, the first set of features took the longest to build the tests for first, by the second and third I was starting to get the hang of it. Still, the essential process is 1) Build tests that fail because the feature isn’t built yet. 2) Build out the feature until the tests pass. Generally speaking this includes multiple Assertions per test to account for facets of the feature in question, such that as the feature is built in stages, the test for that feature goes from Failing, to Erring on successive Assertions, to passing all Assertions, at which point the feature SHOULD be built as designed.
By the third set of Tests/Build-outs I was really starting to feel comfortable with the process. I know I have a lot to learn, but going from building apps haphazardly to building with TDD seems like a solid case of Leveling Up. That was my Rails breakthrough.
Leveling Up Ruby with Coding Challenges
I also successfully completed about 3 dozen CodeWars Kata. I think technically that has me Leveled up twice… I went from 8kyu to 6kyu… I have that much-coveted score of “69” … SO not kidding. Yeah moving on. What a brilliant learning tool! Form of a game, form of a challenge, form of a competition… however you take it, CodeWars can help anyone Level Up their programming skills… I was working in Ruby but they also have Clojure, CoffeeScript, C#, Haskell, Java, JavaScript and Python. I am considering myself well-informed at this moment because I have at least HEARD of the majority of those languages. Yikes. This is what I get for dropping out of programming for two and a half decades. I have a WEE bit of catching up to do. Thankfully CodeWars can help!
In the meantime I also completed a coding challenge in FHP that certainly WAS a challenge. I beat my head against the wall for hours at a time for two days and then in the wee hours of the morning when I should have been sleeping a new approach occurred to me and sure enough on day three I was able to tackle the challenge from a different direction. The change in perspective allowed me to solve the problem that had me pulling my hair out for two days. This harkens back to my days working at the Center for Creative Learning and some of the techniques I encountered there. Essentially, if you can’t get in the front door, try climbing in a window around the side. But I feel pretty strongly that I Leveled Up my Ruby capabilities along the way.
I am finding that breakthroughs in skill level tend to follow shortly on the heels of feeling frustrated to the breaking point, and/or beating my head against a brick wall. I take my skills as far as they can go and then I have to Level Up in order to progress further, unlocking both capacity and potential in the process. There is a distinctive feeling of that “click”… the intangible sensation that pieces of the puzzle have just moved into place and the picture has become more clear. It is a good feeling. Gives me just the right surge of energy to start tackling the next level.
~AMP
2015.10.01
1001 represents the decimal 9 in binary.
“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” – Arthur C. Clarke
The magic that conjures the form and function of the modern tech-centric world is an excellent example of Arcane Knowledge. 99% of the users consuming ubiquitous technologies of this age have NO CLUE how or why they work, or how to build them. They open smartphones and browsers and are instantly connected and living augmented reality lives without even knowing what “Augmented Reality” means.
- Stargazing apps that superimpose constellations upon the night sky…
- Virtual museum tourguides enhancing the physical collections with interactive digital multimedia tours…
- Heads Up Displays built in to windshields and glasses…
- Modern capture-the-flag games that allow you to take over virtual power centers if you are in physical proximity to their virtual geophysical location…
Examples of magic that are everyday realities RIGHT NOW. Most of the users of these technologies have NO FLIPPIN CLUE how they work. Heck, most consumers of modern technology probably don’t know how radio transmissions can make sound come out of a box.
MMXV represents the year 2015 in Roman Numerals.
Though technology is central to the essential infrastructure of much of society today, most folks who use it don’t know how to build it, service it, or advance it. Those skills are elite specializations, the exclusive purview of practitioners of modern magics: engineers, developers and sysadmins. Arcane Knowledge.
The brilliance of living in this modern world is that, while the knowledge may be Arcane, access to that knowledge is no longer limited to a subset of sacred initiates inducted into secret societies. Just as the technologies are ubiquitous, they are oftentimes also transparent. The truth is out there!
Anyone willing to dedicate the time and mental resources to learning the alchemy and spellcasting of conjuring modern technological wonders has almost unlimited access to this Arcana. Not only can you learn it, you can then feed back into the system and build upon and advance the collective knowledgebase. Cooperative perpetuation.
One Mole is 6.022 x 1023 elementary particles. Avogadro’s Number.
As magicians who conjure modern wonders do so by standing on the shoulders of giants, there are whole communities of peer magicians dedicated to helping anyone who approaches those giants to climb up and stand tall. We collectively curate our magical tome. We are all responsible for learning, practicing, and teaching each other. Thus assuring there will always be new giants, and there will always be another wave climbing upon their shoulders.
When Michael Jordan began to play professionally he negotiated a contract to include a "Love of the Game" clause. Essentially he reserved the right to play basketball pick-up games anywhere, any time and with anyone - because he loved to play.
The reality of technology today is that the Arcana is now held in cooperative public trusts by those who love technology rather than antagonistic private vaults. Anyone who WANTS to learn to conjure the form and function of the modern tech-centric world has an open invitation to experience endless wonder. Anyone who thinks they can build it better has the tools and source materials at their disposal. And we all benefit from sharing in and contributing to this public repository of knowledge for love of the game.
Code is an open book. The Arcane is open source. Drink the Kool-Aid, dive down the Rabbit Hole, build a better mouse.1
Just don’t ask me to explain the finer points of an internal combustion engine.
~AMP
1. A bad Apple Computer/1984/Xerox PARC joke.
… Yeah, OK, so I’ve kinda sorta gone off the Rails. Pun intended. Best I can figure is I’m working my way around to tying it all together.
2015.09.27
National Coffee Day 2015
I love coffee. There can be no doubt in the minds of any person who has ever met me that I have a raging affinity for the sacred ambrosia: dark, hot, rich, decadent COFFEE.
To illustrate, I have precisely ONE item in my Zombie-Apocalypse-preparedness kit… a hand-crank burr grinder. I have not yet managed to start my own cottage coffee plantation in a greenhouse in my back yard to GROW my own beans to grind IN the grinder, I have not yet solved the problem of how then to ROAST the coffee I will one day grow for myself (I’m sure it can be done in a skillet over an open flame in a pinch) but by all that is holy if I am ever without power I WILL HAVE THE ABILIY TO GRIND MY BEANS.
I acknowledge that this madness, but it is my madness.
In the spirit of National Coffee Day I wanted to post the first Gist I ever posted on Github:
And as I was contemplating this special occasion, over a cup of rich medium roast, it occurred to me that every time I edit the Gemfile for a RoR project I see Coffee-Rails.
I have wondered what it was so it seemed like a good time to look into it.
CoffeeScript adapter for the Rails asset pipeline. Also adds support for .coffee views.
And from coffeescript.org
CoffeeScript is a little language that compiles into JavaScript. Underneath that awkward Java-esque patina, JavaScript has always had a gorgeous heart. CoffeeScript is an attempt to expose the good parts of JavaScript in a simple way.
CoffeeScript is to JavaScript what Ruby is to C. Granted, that is a vast oversimplification. But this is an interesting parallel. Take something that, while powerful and functional in its own right, is perhaps convoluted and complex and make it elegant and simple.
“If I have seen further than others, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants.” – Isaac Newton
Progress is made by advancing the collective knowledge. Ruby makes OOP elegant and simple. CoffeeScript makes JavaScript elegant and simple.  If I want coffee I grab a pack of beans, grind them, and brew them. I didn’t grow the beans, I didn’t build the grinder, but they are the tools I use to make something essential every day.
The tools available to those of us who wish to build Apps are elegant and powerful. Thus we may stand upon the shoulders of giants, coffee in hand, and build the future.
~AMP
P.S. I just want to plug RailsCasts #267 CoffeeScript Basics while I’m at it. Aimed at viewers with prior knowledge of JavaScript.
1. Reoccurring theme(s) may be imminent…
2015.09.21
Life has been disrupting my study time a lot in the last week. I finally got some uninterrupted time to power through a lot of lessons and assignments to get caught up yesterday. About 8 hours in I was feeling a lot like that classic Far Side above.
With the intensity of some of my study sessions I worry about retention. I promise myself I’ll go back and run through all these basics again to reinforce what I’m learning. Time constraints may make that a difficult proposition. But at least I am reinforcing what I learn as I encounter different concepts in different contexts and can thus build complex interconnections of neural pathways.
In programming for a computer, simple and elegant are ideal. Make things work in the least complex fashion and eliminate potential points of failure through conscious design and careful implementation.
In programming a human brain the more ways you can find to build pointers to new knowledge the better it will stick.  And revisit them when I learn more about Ruby, refining and refactoring.
puts "Number of wags?"
wags = gets.chomp.to_i
def tailwags(wags)
side = "right"
wags.times do
puts side
if side == "right"
side = "left"
elsif side == "left"
side = "right"
end
end
end
tailwags(wags)
I was watching water boil the other day, trying to picture the code I would write to describe the transformation of thermal to exothermic to kinetic energy that happens when water boils. I don’t have that one yet, perhaps in the future.
Hmm… now I’m relating this back to OOP and trying to decide if I should define a Class for Boil and define Methods for types of energy transformations and for the chemical process of breaking apart the H2O molecule within that Class.
There we have it. Interconnections. Reinforcing each bit of new knowledge I gain about Ruby by connecting it back to other knowledge that is already in my brain. Sometime this takes me off on tangents. (Like when I use the word ‘tangents’ and then flash on writing a method to compute tangents to a circle, and a Method to circumnavigate a circle within a Class for Circle… which takes me back to my Logo days and “down turtle” as I program the computer to draw a circle.)
This trippy programming-of-yore flashback has been brought to you by the letter: ə
See? Buffer Overflow. Perhaps it’s time for a reboot. :-)
And now back to our regularly scheduled programming.
~AMP
2015.09.18
Wow. I can’t believe it’s been over a week since my last post.
I’ve been finishing up a second Web App and working on the fundamentals of Object Oriented Programming, building a class for playing cards and a class for a deck of cards and making them play well together (pun fully intended.)
Last night when I got home from playing DJ (note: I’m not a DJ, but sometimes I play one on the radio) I got back to the business of studying Ruby. I wanted to at least read through my lesson/challenge for today so that I could let my brain crunch on it over night. All hail unconscious cognition!
Problem was, when I was reading through one of several linked documents on Fun with Arrays I found a mildly confusing line of code using “«” to build a puts output. Aroo?
Learning a new programming language is much like learning any communal human language. Not only do you have to learn the vocabulary, you have to learn the proper sentence structure, syntax and punctuation.
In programming languages that means learning lots of new operators and syntax. Programmers prefer to be, let us say, EFFICIENT by nature (some may call it a tendency towards laziness,) so there are also a lot of contextual shortcuts used in programming languages.
Reading code is very similar to reading pure Physics or pure Math: Comprised of symbolic notations and flagrant abuse of the greek alphabet, it can be intimidating to the uninitiated. Learning to read code can sometimes be the equivalent of learning to read hieroglyphics. If you are caught without your Rosetta Stone it can be confusing at times.
That was certainly the position I found myself in as I was reading a blog post about 2D Arrays. In it there was sample code using a puts statement with an each_index loop to walk through array values and output them to the screen with other characters and spaces to be organized in a meaningful way for the reader.
Working with Arrays, the “«” operator is generally used to push a value on to an array. It was clearly NOT being used to do that in the puts statement.
After much searching and hair-pulling I found that in the context of Strings “«” is a concatenation symbol to append a value to the current string. Granted I could see from the code and expected output that that was the anticipated action of the symbol, but my journey to the supporting documentation led me a merry chase through the land of string-literals and Here Doc notation.
RTFM right?
I don’t know if this was a case of me missing that left turn at Albuquerque or a case of contextual foul. I DO know that multiple functions of the “«” operator are now well-cemented in my brain, specifically BECAUSE it was a point of contention for me that required special attention for clarification.
I’m considering this detour as I would consider taking the scenic, tree-lined, hilly route on my Mean Streak… I’m out to enjoy the ride.
~AMP


Login System Tutorials¶
In this section, we will discuss the highlights of each parts in building a login system.
In Part 1 of the tutorial, we will cover on building and preparing a project from scratch.
In Part 2, we will discuss about creating a login form in HTML.
In Part 3, we will talk about sending data from login form in HTML to the LoginHandler.
In Part 4, we will discuss about checking the status of the user login with and without OTP validation.
In Part 5, we will talk about accessing the home page after the user logins an account with valid credentials.
In Part 6, we will discuss about logging out a user account from the home page.


19.3 The Logic of Licenses: How to Pick One
The choice of license terms involves decisions about what, if any restrictions the author wants to put on what people do with the software.
If you want to make no restrictions at all, you should put your software in the public domain. An appropriate way to do this would be to include something like the following text at the head of each file:
Placed in public domain by J. Random Hacker, 2003. Share and enjoy!
If you do this, you are surrendering your copyright. Anyone can do anything they like with any part of the text. It doesn't get any freer than this.
But very little open-source software is actually placed in the public domain. Some open-source developers want to use their ownership of the code to ensure that it stays open (these tend to adopt the GPL). Others simply want to control their legal exposure; one of the things all open-source licenses have in common is a disclaimer of warranty.
|


// hackhack for some reason getting graphlib via an import reference results in // out of order script evaluation


Welcome!
This is a fundraiser for the Black Lives Matter movement and 100% of the funds will go towards local Bay Area organizations that support Black communities and protestors. For $3 each, we'll personalize a playlist to your musical tastes!
Bay Area Organizations
This is a list of organizations you can choose to donate to!
Bay Area Black Owned Business Relief Fund
A relief fund for Bay Area owned Black business owners affected by the protests, riots, and looting.
GoFundMeBay Area Bail + Protestor Fund
A fund for supplies that will keep protestors safe, hospital bills, things that will amplify their noise, transportation for protestors, bail relief, and other necessary resources.
GoFundMePeople's Breakfast Oakland
A Black grassroot organization serving the people of Oakland by providing meals and packages to houseless communities.
Website InstagramBlack Earth Farmers
A Grassroots Pan-African + Pan-Indigenous farming collective that delivers free food to Black people who have been arrested, bailed, and injured from protests in the East Bay.
Website InstagramNational Lawyer's Guild - SF Chapter
A lawyer's guild that provides pro-bono legal support for folks that have been arrested in the Bay Area.
Website Facebook TwitterImage attribution:
"Black Lives Matter" by John Lucia licensed under CC BY 2.0


02.11.2019
We met each other almost 2 years ago on Tinder and since then we're unseparable. My friend, we're getting married and you're invited.
on Nov. 02, 2019 — Hanoi, Vietnam
Our wedding ceremony shall be hold on November 02nd, 2019 at the Diamond Place, 91 Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi.


Configuration
Scale:
Celcius
Farenheit
Host:
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Recipient:
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RangeSlider:
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1. LOGIN
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>2. DELIVERY ADDRESS
jitendar kumar Mob:8949104324
Diit in tejmandi,Station Road,
Alwar - 301001,Rajasthan Change
3. Review Order
Have a Promo Code? Apply
You Pay:
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4. MAKE PAYMENT
SUMMARY(1 Item)
Redmi Note 4 (64GB, 4GB RAM)
Quantity: 1
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class MyActor extends Actor {
val log = Logging(context.system, this)
def receive = {
case "test" => log.info("received test")
case _ => log.info("received unknown message")
}
}
Actors
The `Actor Model`_ provides a higher level of abstraction for writing concurrent and distributed systems. It alleviates the developer from having to deal with explicit locking and thread management, making it easier to write correct concurrent and parallel systems. Actors were defined in the 1973 paper by Carl Hewitt but have been popularized by the Erlang language, and used for example at Ericsson with great success to build highly concurrent and reliable telecom systems.
The API of Akka’s Actors is similar to Scala Actors which has borrowed some of its syntax from Erlang.
-
_Actor Model: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_model
Creating Actors
|
Note
|
Since Akka enforces parental supervision every actor is supervised and (potentially) the supervisor of its children, it is advisable that you familiarize yourself with :ref:`actor-systems` and :ref:`supervision` and it may also help to read :ref:`addressing`. |
Defining an Actor class
Actor classes are implemented by extending the Actor class and implementing the
:meth:`receive` method. The :meth:`receive` method should define a series of case
statements (which has the type PartialFunction[Any, Unit]
) that defines
which messages your Actor can handle, using standard Scala pattern matching,
along with the implementation of how the messages should be processed.
Here is an example:
Hello world!
Hello world!
Please note that the Akka Actor receive
message loop is exhaustive, which
is different compared to Erlang and the late Scala Actors. This means that you
need to provide a pattern match for all messages that it can accept and if you
want to be able to handle unknown messages then you need to have a default case
as in the example above. Otherwise an akka.actor.UnhandledMessage(message,
sender, recipient)
will be published to the ActorSystem’s
`EventStream
.
Note further that the return type of the behavior defined above is Unit
; if
the actor shall reply to the received message then this must be done explicitly
as explained below.
The result of the :meth:`receive` method is a partial function object, which is stored within the actor as its “initial behavior”, see `Become/Unbecome`_ for further information on changing the behavior of an actor after its construction.
Props
Props
is a configuration class to specify options for the creation
of actors, think of it as an immutable and thus freely shareable recipe for
creating an actor including associated deployment information (e.g. which
dispatcher to use, see more below). Here are some examples of how to create a
Props
instance.
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#creating-props
The second variant shows how to pass constructor arguments to the
Actor
being created, but it should only be used outside of actors as
explained below.
The last line shows a possibility to pass constructor arguments regardless of
the context it is being used in. The presence of a matching constructor is
verified during construction of the Props
object, resulting in an
IllegalArgumentEception
if no or multiple matching constructors are
found.
Dangerous Variants
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#creating-props-deprecated
This method is not recommended to be used within another actor because it
encourages to close over the enclosing scope, resulting in non-serializable
Props
and possibly race conditions (breaking the actor encapsulation).
We will provide a macro-based solution in a future release which allows similar
syntax without the headaches, at which point this variant will be properly
deprecated. On the other hand using this variant in a Props
factory in
the actor’s companion object as documented under “Recommended Practices” below
is completely fine.
There were two use-cases for these methods: passing constructor arguments to
the actor—which is solved by the newly introduced
:meth:`Props.apply(clazz, args)` method above or the recommended practice
below—and creating actors “on the spot” as anonymous classes. The latter should
be solved by making these actors named classes instead (if they are not
declared within a top-level object
then the enclosing instance’s this
reference needs to be passed as the first argument).
|
Warning
|
Declaring one actor within another is very dangerous and breaks actor
encapsulation. Never pass an actor’s this reference into Props !
|
Recommended Practices
It is a good idea to provide factory methods on the companion object of each
class:`Actor` which help keeping the creation of suitable Props
as
close to the actor definition as possible. This also avoids the pitfalls
associated with using the Props.apply(…)
method which takes a by-name
argument, since within a companion object the given code block will not retain
a reference to its enclosing scope:
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#props-factory
Creating Actors with Props
Actors are created by passing a akka.actor.Props
instance into the
:meth:`actorOf` factory method which is available on ActorSystem
and
ActorContext
.
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#system-actorOf
Using the ActorSystem
will create top-level actors, supervised by the
actor system’s provided guardian actor, while using an actor’s context will
create a child actor.
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#context-actorOf :exclude: plus-some-behavior
It is recommended to create a hierarchy of children, grand-children and so on such that it fits the logical failure-handling structure of the application, see :ref:`actor-systems`.
The call to :meth:`actorOf` returns an instance of ActorRef
. This is a
handle to the actor instance and the only way to interact with it. The
ActorRef
is immutable and has a one to one relationship with the Actor
it represents. The ActorRef
is also serializable and network-aware.
This means that you can serialize it, send it over the wire and use it on a
remote host and it will still be representing the same Actor on the original
node, across the network.
The name parameter is optional, but you should preferably name your actors,
since that is used in log messages and for identifying actors. The name must
not be empty or start with $
, but it may contain URL encoded characters
(eg. %20
for a blank space). If the given name is already in use by
another child to the same parent an InvalidActorNameException
is thrown.
Actors are automatically started asynchronously when created.
Dependency Injection
If your Actor has a constructor that takes parameters then those need to
be part of the Props
as well, as described `above`__. But there
are cases when a factory method must be used, for example when the actual
constructor arguments are determined by a dependency injection framework.
_ Props
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala :include: creating-indirectly :exclude: obtain-fresh-Actor-instance-from-DI-framework
|
Warning
|
You might be tempted at times to offer an IndirectActorProducer
which always returns the same instance, e.g. by using a lazy val . This is
not supported, as it goes against the meaning of an actor restart, which is
described here: :ref:`supervision-restart`.
|
When using a dependency injection framework, actor beans *MUST NOT* have singleton scope.
Techniques for dependency injection and integration with dependency injection frameworks are described in more depth in the `Using Akka with Dependency Injection <http://letitcrash.com/post/55958814293/akka-dependency-injection>`_ guideline and the `Akka Java Spring <http://www.typesafe.com/activator/template/akka-java-spring>`_ tutorial in Typesafe Activator.
The Inbox
When writing code outside of actors which shall communicate with actors, the
ask
pattern can be a solution (see below), but there are two thing it
cannot do: receiving multiple replies (e.g. by subscribing an ActorRef
to a notification service) and watching other actors’ lifecycle. For these
purposes there is the Inbox
class:
-
includecode:: ../../../akka-actor-tests/src/test/scala/akka/actor/ActorDSLSpec.scala#inbox
There is an implicit conversion from inbox to actor reference which means that in this example the sender reference will be that of the actor hidden away within the inbox. This allows the reply to be received on the last line. Watching an actor is quite simple as well:
-
includecode:: ../../../akka-actor-tests/src/test/scala/akka/actor/ActorDSLSpec.scala#watch
Actor API
The Actor
trait defines only one abstract method, the above mentioned
:meth:`receive`, which implements the behavior of the actor.
If the current actor behavior does not match a received message,
:meth:`unhandled` is called, which by default publishes an
akka.actor.UnhandledMessage(message, sender, recipient)
on the actor
system’s event stream (set configuration item
akka.actor.debug.unhandled
to on
to have them converted into
actual Debug messages).
In addition, it offers:
-
:obj:`self` reference to the
ActorRef
of the actor -
:obj:`sender` reference sender Actor of the last received message, typically used as described in :ref:`Actor.Reply`
-
:obj:`supervisorStrategy` user overridable definition the strategy to use for supervising child actors
This strategy is typically declared inside the actor in order to have access to the actor’s internal state within the decider function: since failure is communicated as a message sent to the supervisor and processed like other messages (albeit outside of the normal behavior), all values and variables within the actor are available, as is the `sender` reference (which will be the immediate child reporting the failure; if the original failure occurred within a distant descendant it is still reported one level up at a time).
-
:obj:`context` exposes contextual information for the actor and the current message, such as:
-
factory methods to create child actors (:meth:`actorOf`)
-
system that the actor belongs to
-
parent supervisor
-
supervised children
-
lifecycle monitoring
-
hotswap behavior stack as described in :ref:`Actor.HotSwap`
You can import the members in the :obj:`context` to avoid prefixing access with context.
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#import-context
The remaining visible methods are user-overridable life-cycle hooks which are described in the following:
-
includecode:: ../../../akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/Actor.scala#lifecycle-hooks
The implementations shown above are the defaults provided by the Actor
trait.
-
_actor-lifecycle-scala:
Actor Lifecycle
-
image:: ../images/actor_lifecycle.png :align: center :width: 680
A path in an actor system represents a "place" which might be occupied
by a living actor. Initially (apart from system initialized actors) a path is
empty. When actorOf()
is called it assigns an incarnation of the actor
described by the passed Props
to the given path. An actor incarnation is
identified by the path and a UID. A restart only swaps the Actor
instance defined by the Props
but the incarnation and hence the UID remains
the same.
The lifecycle of an incarnation ends when the actor is stopped. At
that point the appropriate lifecycle events are called and watching actors
are notified of the termination. After the incarnation is stopped, the path can
be reused again by creating an actor with actorOf()
. In this case the
name of the new incarnation will be the same as the previous one but the
UIDs will differ.
An ActorRef
always represents an incarnation (path and UID) not just a
given path. Therefore if an actor is stopped and a new one with the same
name is created an ActorRef
of the old incarnation will not point
to the new one.
ActorSelection
on the other hand points to the path (or multiple paths
if wildcards are used) and is completely oblivious to which incarnation is currently
occupying it. ActorSelection
cannot be watched for this reason. It is
possible to resolve the current incarnation’s ActorRef
living under the
path by sending an Identify
message to the ActorSelection
which
will be replied to with an ActorIdentity
containing the correct reference
(see :ref:`actorSelection-scala`). This can also be done with the resolveOne
method of the ActorSelection
, which returns a Future
of the matching
ActorRef
.
Lifecycle Monitoring aka DeathWatch
In order to be notified when another actor terminates (i.e. stops permanently,
not temporary failure and restart), an actor may register itself for reception
of the Terminated
message dispatched by the other actor upon
termination (see :ref:`Stopping Actors`). This service is provided by the
DeathWatch
component of the actor system.
Registering a monitor is easy:
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#watch
It should be noted that the Terminated
message is generated
independent of the order in which registration and termination occur.
In particular, the watching actor will receive a Terminated
message even if the
watched actor has already been terminated at the time of registration.
Registering multiple times does not necessarily lead to multiple messages being
generated, but there is no guarantee that only exactly one such message is
received: if termination of the watched actor has generated and queued the
message, and another registration is done before this message has been
processed, then a second message will be queued, because registering for
monitoring of an already terminated actor leads to the immediate generation of
the Terminated
message.
It is also possible to deregister from watching another actor’s liveliness
using context.unwatch(target)
. This works even if the Terminated
message has already been enqueued in the mailbox; after calling :meth:`unwatch`
no Terminated
message for that actor will be processed anymore.
Start Hook
Right after starting the actor, its :meth:`preStart` method is invoked.
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#preStart
This method is called when the actor is first created. During restarts it is called by the default implementation of :meth:`postRestart`, which means that by overriding that method you can choose whether the initialization code in this method is called only exactly once for this actor or for every restart. Initialization code which is part of the actor’s constructor will always be called when an instance of the actor class is created, which happens at every restart.
Restart Hooks
All actors are supervised, i.e. linked to another actor with a fault handling strategy. Actors may be restarted in case an exception is thrown while processing a message (see :ref:`supervision`). This restart involves the hooks mentioned above:
-
The old actor is informed by calling :meth:`preRestart` with the exception which caused the restart and the message which triggered that exception; the latter may be
None
if the restart was not caused by processing a message, e.g. when a supervisor does not trap the exception and is restarted in turn by its supervisor, or if an actor is restarted due to a sibling’s failure. If the message is available, then that message’s sender is also accessible in the usual way (i.e. by callingsender
).This method is the best place for cleaning up, preparing hand-over to the fresh actor instance, etc. By default it stops all children and calls :meth:`postStop`.
-
The initial factory from the
actorOf
call is used to produce the fresh instance. -
The new actor’s :meth:`postRestart` method is invoked with the exception which caused the restart. By default the :meth:`preStart` is called, just as in the normal start-up case.
An actor restart replaces only the actual actor object; the contents of the mailbox is unaffected by the restart, so processing of messages will resume after the :meth:`postRestart` hook returns. The message that triggered the exception will not be received again. Any message sent to an actor while it is being restarted will be queued to its mailbox as usual.
|
Warning
|
Be aware that the ordering of failure notifications relative to user messages is not deterministic. In particular, a parent might restart its child before it has processed the last messages sent by the child before the failure. See :ref:`message-ordering` for details. |
-
_stop-hook-scala:
Stop Hook
After stopping an actor, its :meth:`postStop` hook is called, which may be used e.g. for deregistering this actor from other services. This hook is guaranteed to run after message queuing has been disabled for this actor, i.e. messages sent to a stopped actor will be redirected to the :obj:`deadLetters` of the :obj:`ActorSystem`.
-
_actorSelection-scala:
Identifying Actors via Actor Selection
As described in :ref:`addressing`, each actor has a unique logical path, which
is obtained by following the chain of actors from child to parent until
reaching the root of the actor system, and it has a physical path, which may
differ if the supervision chain includes any remote supervisors. These paths
are used by the system to look up actors, e.g. when a remote message is
received and the recipient is searched, but they are also useful more directly:
actors may look up other actors by specifying absolute or relative
paths—logical or physical—and receive back an ActorSelection
with the
result:
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#selection-local
The supplied path is parsed as a :class:`java.net.URI`, which basically means
that it is split on /
into path elements. If the path starts with /
, it
is absolute and the look-up starts at the root guardian (which is the parent of
"/user"
); otherwise it starts at the current actor. If a path element equals
..
, the look-up will take a step “up” towards the supervisor of the
currently traversed actor, otherwise it will step “down” to the named child.
It should be noted that the ..
in actor paths here always means the logical
structure, i.e. the supervisor.
The path elements of an actor selection may contain wildcard patterns allowing for broadcasting of messages to that section:
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#selection-wildcard
Messages can be sent via the ActorSelection
and the path of the
ActorSelection
is looked up when delivering each message. If the selection
does not match any actors the message will be dropped.
To acquire an ActorRef
for an ActorSelection
you need to send
a message to the selection and use the sender()
reference of the reply from
the actor. There is a built-in Identify
message that all Actors will
understand and automatically reply to with a ActorIdentity
message
containing the ActorRef
. This message is handled specially by the
actors which are traversed in the sense that if a concrete name lookup fails
(i.e. a non-wildcard path element does not correspond to a live actor) then a
negative result is generated. Please note that this does not mean that delivery
of that reply is guaranteed, it still is a normal message.
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#identify
You can also acquire an ActorRef
for an ActorSelection
with
the resolveOne
method of the ActorSelection
. It returns a Future
of the matching ActorRef
if such an actor exists. It is completed with
failure if no such actor exists or the identification
didn’t complete within the supplied timeout
.
Remote actor addresses may also be looked up, if :ref:`remoting <remoting-scala>` is enabled:
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#selection-remote
An example demonstrating actor look-up is given in :ref:`remote-sample-scala`.
|
Note
|
actorFor is deprecated in favor of actorSelection because actor references
acquired with actorFor behaves different for local and remote actors.
In the case of a local actor reference, the named actor needs to exist before the
lookup, or else the acquired reference will be an EmptyLocalActorRef .
This will be true even if an actor with that exact path is created after acquiring
the actor reference. For remote actor references acquired with actorFor the
behaviour is different and sending messages to such a reference will under the hood
look up the actor by path on the remote system for every message send.
|
Messages and immutability
IMPORTANT: Messages can be any kind of object but have to be immutable. Scala can’t enforce immutability (yet) so this has to be by convention. Primitives like String, Int, Boolean are always immutable. Apart from these the recommended approach is to use Scala case classes which are immutable (if you don’t explicitly expose the state) and works great with pattern matching at the receiver side.
Here is an example:
``scala .. code-block:: scala
// define the case class case class Register(user: User)
// create a new case class message val message = Register(user) ``
Send messages
Messages are sent to an Actor through one of the following methods.
-
!
means “fire-and-forget”, e.g. send a message asynchronously and return immediately. Also known astell
. -
?
sends a message asynchronously and returns aFuture
representing a possible reply. Also known asask
.
Message ordering is guaranteed on a per-sender basis.
|
Note
|
There are performance implications of using ask since something needs to
keep track of when it times out, there needs to be something that bridges
a Promise into an ActorRef and it also needs to be reachable through
remoting. So always prefer tell for performance, and only ask if you must.
|
-
_actors-tell-sender-scala:
Tell: Fire-forget
This is the preferred way of sending messages. No blocking waiting for a message. This gives the best concurrency and scalability characteristics.
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#tell
If invoked from within an Actor, then the sending actor reference will be
implicitly passed along with the message and available to the receiving Actor
in its sender(): ActorRef
member method. The target actor can use this
to reply to the original sender, by using sender() ! replyMsg
.
If invoked from an instance that is not an Actor the sender will be :obj:`deadLetters` actor reference by default.
Ask: Send-And-Receive-Future
The ask
pattern involves actors as well as futures, hence it is offered as
a use pattern rather than a method on ActorRef
:
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#ask-pipeTo
This example demonstrates ask
together with the pipeTo
pattern on
futures, because this is likely to be a common combination. Please note that
all of the above is completely non-blocking and asynchronous: ask
produces
a Future
, three of which are composed into a new future using the
for-comprehension and then pipeTo
installs an onComplete
-handler on the
future to affect the submission of the aggregated Result
to another
actor.
Using ask
will send a message to the receiving Actor as with tell
, and
the receiving actor must reply with sender() ! reply
in order to complete the
returned Future
with a value. The ask
operation involves creating
an internal actor for handling this reply, which needs to have a timeout after
which it is destroyed in order not to leak resources; see more below.
|
Warning
|
To complete the future with an exception you need send a Failure message to the sender. This is not done automatically when an actor throws an exception while processing a message. |
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#reply-exception
If the actor does not complete the future, it will expire after the timeout
period, completing it with an AskTimeoutException
. The timeout is
taken from one of the following locations in order of precedence:
-
explicitly given timeout as in:
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#using-explicit-timeout
-
-
implicit argument of type :class:`akka.util.Timeout`, e.g.
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#using-implicit-timeout
-
See :ref:`futures-scala` for more information on how to await or query a future.
The onComplete
, onSuccess
, or onFailure
methods of the Future
can be
used to register a callback to get a notification when the Future completes.
Gives you a way to avoid blocking.
|
Warning
|
When using future callbacks, such as onComplete , onSuccess , and onFailure ,
inside actors you need to carefully avoid closing over
the containing actor’s reference, i.e. do not call methods or access mutable state
on the enclosing actor from within the callback. This would break the actor
encapsulation and may introduce synchronization bugs and race conditions because
the callback will be scheduled concurrently to the enclosing actor. Unfortunately
there is not yet a way to detect these illegal accesses at compile time.
See also: :ref:`jmm-shared-state`
|
Forward message
You can forward a message from one actor to another. This means that the original sender address/reference is maintained even though the message is going through a 'mediator'. This can be useful when writing actors that work as routers, load-balancers, replicators etc.
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#forward
Receive messages
An Actor has to implement the receive
method to receive messages:
-
includecode:: ../../../akka-actor/src/main/scala/akka/actor/Actor.scala#receive
This method returns a PartialFunction
, e.g. a ‘match/case’ clause in
which the message can be matched against the different case clauses using Scala
pattern matching. Here is an example:
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala :include: imports1,my-actor
-
_Actor.Reply:
Reply to messages
If you want to have a handle for replying to a message, you can use
sender()
, which gives you an ActorRef. You can reply by sending to
that ActorRef with sender() ! replyMsg
. You can also store the ActorRef
for replying later, or passing on to other actors. If there is no sender (a
message was sent without an actor or future context) then the sender
defaults to a 'dead-letter' actor ref.
-
code-block:: scala
case request => val result = process(request) sender() ! result // will have dead-letter actor as default
Receive timeout
The ActorContext
:meth:`setReceiveTimeout` defines the inactivity timeout after which
the sending of a ReceiveTimeout
message is triggered.
When specified, the receive function should be able to handle an akka.actor.ReceiveTimeout
message.
1 millisecond is the minimum supported timeout.
Please note that the receive timeout might fire and enqueue the ReceiveTimeout
message right after
another message was enqueued; hence it is not guaranteed that upon reception of the receive
timeout there must have been an idle period beforehand as configured via this method.
Once set, the receive timeout stays in effect (i.e. continues firing repeatedly after inactivity
periods). Pass in Duration.Undefined
to switch off this feature.
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#receive-timeout
-
_stopping-actors-scala:
Stopping actors
Actors are stopped by invoking the :meth:`stop` method of a ActorRefFactory
,
i.e. ActorContext
or ActorSystem
. Typically the context is used for stopping
child actors and the system for stopping top level actors. The actual termination of
the actor is performed asynchronously, i.e. :meth:`stop` may return before the actor is
stopped.
Processing of the current message, if any, will continue before the actor is stopped, but additional messages in the mailbox will not be processed. By default these messages are sent to the :obj:`deadLetters` of the :obj:`ActorSystem`, but that depends on the mailbox implementation.
Termination of an actor proceeds in two steps: first the actor suspends its
mailbox processing and sends a stop command to all its children, then it keeps
processing the internal termination notifications from its children until the last one is
gone, finally terminating itself (invoking :meth:`postStop`, dumping mailbox,
publishing Terminated
on the :ref:`DeathWatch <deathwatch-scala>`, telling
its supervisor). This procedure ensures that actor system sub-trees terminate
in an orderly fashion, propagating the stop command to the leaves and
collecting their confirmation back to the stopped supervisor. If one of the
actors does not respond (i.e. processing a message for extended periods of time
and therefore not receiving the stop command), this whole process will be
stuck.
Upon :meth:`ActorSystem.shutdown()`, the system guardian actors will be stopped, and the aforementioned process will ensure proper termination of the whole system.
The :meth:`postStop()` hook is invoked after an actor is fully stopped. This enables cleaning up of resources:
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#postStop :exclude: clean-up-some-resources
|
Note
|
Since stopping an actor is asynchronous, you cannot immediately reuse the
name of the child you just stopped; this will result in an
InvalidActorNameException . Instead, :meth:`watch()` the terminating
actor and create its replacement in response to the Terminated
message which will eventually arrive.
|
-
_poison-pill-scala:
PoisonPill
You can also send an actor the akka.actor.PoisonPill
message, which will
stop the actor when the message is processed. PoisonPill
is enqueued as
ordinary messages and will be handled after messages that were already queued
in the mailbox.
Graceful Stop
:meth:`gracefulStop` is useful if you need to wait for termination or compose ordered termination of several actors:
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#gracefulStop
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#gracefulStop-actor
When gracefulStop()
returns successfully, the actor’s postStop()
hook
will have been executed: there exists a happens-before edge between the end of
postStop()
and the return of gracefulStop()
.
In the above example a custom Manager.Shutdown
message is sent to the target
actor to initiate the process of stopping the actor. You can use PoisonPill
for
this, but then you have limited possibilities to perform interactions with other actors
before stopping the target actor. Simple cleanup tasks can be handled in postStop
.
|
Warning
|
Keep in mind that an actor stopping and its name being deregistered are
separate events which happen asynchronously from each other. Therefore it may
be that you will find the name still in use after gracefulStop()
returned. In order to guarantee proper deregistration, only reuse names from
within a supervisor you control and only in response to a Terminated
message, i.e. not for top-level actors.
|
-
_Actor.HotSwap:
Become/Unbecome
Upgrade
Akka supports hotswapping the Actor’s message loop (e.g. its implementation) at
runtime: invoke the context.become
method from within the Actor.
:meth:`become` takes a PartialFunction[Any, Unit]
that implements the new
message handler. The hotswapped code is kept in a Stack which can be pushed and
popped.
|
Warning
|
Please note that the actor will revert to its original behavior when restarted by its Supervisor. |
To hotswap the Actor behavior using become
:
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#hot-swap-actor
This variant of the :meth:`become` method is useful for many different things,
such as to implement a Finite State Machine (FSM, for an example see Dining
Hakkers`_). It will replace the current behavior (i.e. the top of the behavior
stack), which means that you do not use :meth:`unbecome
, instead always the
next behavior is explicitly installed.
-
_Dining Hakkers: http://www.typesafe.com/activator/template/akka-sample-fsm-scala
The other way of using :meth:`become` does not replace but add to the top of the behavior stack. In this case care must be taken to ensure that the number of “pop” operations (i.e. :meth:`unbecome`) matches the number of “push” ones in the long run, otherwise this amounts to a memory leak (which is why this behavior is not the default).
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#swapper
Stash
The Stash
trait enables an actor to temporarily stash away messages
that can not or should not be handled using the actor’s current
behavior. Upon changing the actor’s message handler, i.e., right
before invoking context.become
or context.unbecome
, all
stashed messages can be "unstashed", thereby prepending them to the actor’s
mailbox. This way, the stashed messages can be processed in the same
order as they have been received originally.
|
Note
|
The trait Stash extends the marker trait
RequiresMessageQueue[DequeBasedMessageQueueSemantics] which
requests the system to automatically choose a deque based
mailbox implementation for the actor. If you want more control over the
mailbox, see the documentation on mailboxes: :ref:`mailboxes-scala`.
|
Here is an example of the Stash
in action:
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#stash
Invoking stash()
adds the current message (the message that the
actor received last) to the actor’s stash. It is typically invoked
when handling the default case in the actor’s message handler to stash
messages that aren’t handled by the other cases. It is illegal to
stash the same message twice; to do so results in an
IllegalStateException
being thrown. The stash may also be bounded
in which case invoking stash()
may lead to a capacity violation,
which results in a StashOverflowException
. The capacity of the
stash can be configured using the stash-capacity
setting (an Int
) of the
mailbox’s configuration.
Invoking unstashAll()
enqueues messages from the stash to the
actor’s mailbox until the capacity of the mailbox (if any) has been
reached (note that messages from the stash are prepended to the
mailbox). In case a bounded mailbox overflows, a
MessageQueueAppendFailedException
is thrown.
The stash is guaranteed to be empty after calling unstashAll()
.
The stash is backed by a scala.collection.immutable.Vector
. As a
result, even a very large number of messages may be stashed without a
major impact on performance.
|
Warning
|
Note that the Stash trait must be mixed into (a subclass of) the
Actor trait before any trait/class that overrides the preRestart
callback. This means it’s not possible to write
Actor with MyActor with Stash if MyActor overrides preRestart .
|
Note that the stash is part of the ephemeral actor state, unlike the
mailbox. Therefore, it should be managed like other parts of the
actor’s state which have the same property. The Stash
trait’s
implementation of :meth:`preRestart` will call unstashAll()
, which is
usually the desired behavior.
|
Note
|
If you want to enforce that your actor can only work with an unbounded stash,
then you should use the UnboundedStash trait instead.
|
-
_killing-actors-scala:
Killing an Actor
You can kill an actor by sending a Kill
message. This will cause the actor
to throw a ActorKilledException
, triggering a failure. The actor will
suspend operation and its supervisor will be asked how to handle the failure,
which may mean resuming the actor, restarting it or terminating it completely.
See :ref:`supervision-directives` for more information.

What happens to the Message
If an exception is thrown while a message is being processed (i.e. taken out of its mailbox and handed over to the current behavior), then this message will be lost. It is important to understand that it is not put back on the mailbox. So if you want to retry processing of a message, you need to deal with it yourself by catching the exception and retry your flow. Make sure that you put a bound on the number of retries since you don’t want a system to livelock (so consuming a lot of cpu cycles without making progress). Another possibility would be to have a look at the :ref:`PeekMailbox pattern <mailbox-acking>`.
What happens to the mailbox
If an exception is thrown while a message is being processed, nothing happens to the mailbox. If the actor is restarted, the same mailbox will be there. So all messages on that mailbox will be there as well.
What happens to the actor
If code within an actor throws an exception, that actor is suspended and the supervision process is started (see :ref:`supervision`). Depending on the supervisor’s decision the actor is resumed (as if nothing happened), restarted (wiping out its internal state and starting from scratch) or terminated.
Extending Actors using PartialFunction chaining
Sometimes it can be useful to share common behavior among a few actors, or compose one actor’s behavior from multiple smaller functions.
This is possible because an actor’s :meth:`receive` method returns an Actor.Receive
, which is a type alias for PartialFunction[Any,Unit]
,
and partial functions can be chained together using the PartialFunction#orElse
method. You can chain as many functions as you need,
however you should keep in mind that "first match" wins - which may be important when combining functions that both can handle the same type of message.
For example, imagine you have a set of actors which are either Producers
or Consumers
, yet sometimes it makes sense to
have an actor share both behaviors. This can be easily achieved without having to duplicate code by extracting the behaviors to
traits and implementing the actor’s :meth:`receive` as combination of these partial functions.
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/ActorDocSpec.scala#receive-orElse
Instead of inheritance the same pattern can be applied via composition - one would simply compose the receive method using partial functions from delegates.
Initialization patterns
The rich lifecycle hooks of Actors provide a useful toolkit to implement various initialization patterns. During the
lifetime of an ActorRef
, an actor can potentially go through several restarts, where the old instance is replaced by
a fresh one, invisibly to the outside observer who only sees the ActorRef
.
One may think about the new instances as "incarnations". Initialization might be necessary for every incarnation
of an actor, but sometimes one needs initialization to happen only at the birth of the first instance when the
ActorRef
is created. The following sections provide patterns for different initialization needs.
Initialization via constructor
Using the constructor for initialization has various benefits. First of all, it makes it possible to use val
fields to store
any state that does not change during the life of the actor instance, making the implementation of the actor more robust.
The constructor is invoked for every incarnation of the actor, therefore the internals of the actor can always assume
that proper initialization happened. This is also the drawback of this approach, as there are cases when one would
like to avoid reinitializing internals on restart. For example, it is often useful to preserve child actors across
restarts. The following section provides a pattern for this case.
Initialization via preStart
The method preStart()
of an actor is only called once directly during the initialization of the first instance, that
is, at creation of its ActorRef
. In the case of restarts, preStart()
is called from postRestart()
, therefore
if not overridden, preStart()
is called on every incarnation. However, overriding postRestart()
one can disable
this behavior, and ensure that there is only one call to preStart()
.
One useful usage of this pattern is to disable creation of new ActorRefs
for children during restarts. This can be
achieved by overriding preRestart()
:
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/InitializationDocSpec.scala#preStartInit
Please note, that the child actors are still restarted, but no new ActorRef
is created. One can recursively apply
the same principles for the children, ensuring that their preStart()
method is called only at the creation of their
refs.
For more information see :ref:`supervision-restart`.
Initialization via message passing
There are cases when it is impossible to pass all the information needed for actor initialization in the constructor,
for example in the presence of circular dependencies. In this case the actor should listen for an initialization message,
and use become()
or a finite state-machine state transition to encode the initialized and uninitialized states
of the actor.
-
includecode:: code/docs/actor/InitializationDocSpec.scala#messageInit
If the actor may receive messages before it has been initialized, a useful tool can be the Stash
to save messages
until the initialization finishes, and replaying them after the actor became initialized.
|
Warning
|
This pattern should be used with care, and applied only when none of the patterns above are applicable. One of
the potential issues is that messages might be lost when sent to remote actors. Also, publishing an ActorRef in
an uninitialized state might lead to the condition that it receives a user message before the initialization has been
done.
|
Contents


{% extends '_layout.html' %} {% block content %}
{{ error_message }}
← Back
You have been invited to the team {{ team.name }}.


International Data and Methods¶
This section addresses:
-
:Ontomatica defined objective:
¶
Attention
This section applies to USDA prime data, not to USDA select data. For explanation of USDA prime and USDA select data, see Deposition Workflow
Ontomatica proposes, as part of label project , to implement complete system for two national authorities - USA and GBR (UK).
Ontomatica will identify countries.
Then, for a specific country and for a specific food, Ontomatica will illustrate the distribution of energy (kilocal, kilojoule) as defined by the national authority.
For example:
| Country | ISO 3 | UN FAO | DBpedia |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | GBR | 826 | dbpedia:United_Kingdom |
| United States | USA | 840 | dbpedia:United_States |
Energy illustration is generated using UN FAO INFOODS and authority values.
Note below: USDA and GBR use different analytical methods when reporting values.
Methods
EC carbohydrates CHOPL = (SUGAR [ncit:C38046]) + (SUGOH [ncit:C38046])
GBR carbohydrates CHOAVLM = (MNSAC [ncit:C38046]) + (DISAC [ncit:C38046]) + (DEXTN [ncit:C38046]) + (STARCHM [ncit:C38046]) + (GLYCM [ncit:C38046])
USA carbohydrates (food: whole wheat) CHOCDF = 100 g - ((NT [vocal:Kjeldahl] x [infoods:XPROT] 5.83 [xsd:float]) + (WATER [ncit:C38046]) + (FAT [ncit:C38046]) + (ASH [ncit:C38046])g)
GBR fiber FIBTS = (GLUCNB [ncit:C38046]) + (CELLU [ncit:C38046]) + (HEMCEL [ncit:C38046]) + (INULN [ncit:C38046]) + (LIGN [ncit:C38046]) + (PECT [ncit:C38046])
USA fiber FIBTG [aoac:978.10] = (FIBSOL [ncit:C38046]) + (FIBINS [ncit:C38046]) + (NSP [ncit:C38046])
Legend
- ALL CAPS = INFOODS_identifier.
- Method format = [method-ontology-prefix : ontology-identifier].
- ncit = NIH NCI thesaurus.
- ncit:C38046 = Unspecified.
- XPROT = protein conversion factor.
- XPROT value = 5.83 for the food: whole wheat.
- XPROT is a floating point number [xsd:float].


US impeachment hearings grab media spotlight
Alphabet Inc’s Google is teaming up with a health-care company on a secret project to collect personal health-related information of millions of Americans across 21 states, the Wall Street Journal reported on Monday.
Google launched “Project Nightingale” last year with St. Louis-based Ascension, according to the report, citing people familiar with the matter and internal documents.
Google and Ascension did not immediately respond to a Reuters request for comment.
The data involved in Project Nightingale includes lab results, doctor diagnoses and hospitalization records, among other categories, and amounts to a complete health history, complete with patient names and dates of birth, the Journal reported.
The news follows an earlier announcement from Google that it would buy Fitbit Inc. for $2.1 billion, aiming to enter wearables segment and invest in digital health.


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| 程序包 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation |
Classes enabling AspectJ 5 @Annotated classes to be used in Spring AOP.
|
| org.springframework.aop.aspectj.autoproxy |
Base classes enabling auto-proxying based on AspectJ.
|
| org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy |
Bean post-processors for use in ApplicationContexts to simplify AOP usage
by automatically creating AOP proxies without the need to use a ProxyFactoryBean.
|
| org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.target | |
| org.springframework.dao.annotation |
Annotation support for DAOs.
|
| org.springframework.scheduling.annotation |
Java 5 annotation for asynchronous method execution.
|
| org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation |
Support classes for integrating a JSR-303 Bean Validation provider
(such as Hibernate Validator) into a Spring ApplicationContext
and in particular with Spring's data binding and validation APIs.
|
| 类和说明 |
|---|
| AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator
Generic auto proxy creator that builds AOP proxies for specific beans
based on detected Advisors for each bean.
|
AbstractAutoProxyCreator
BeanPostProcessor implementation
that wraps each eligible bean with an AOP proxy, delegating to specified interceptors
before invoking the bean itself. |
| 类和说明 |
|---|
| AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator
Generic auto proxy creator that builds AOP proxies for specific beans
based on detected Advisors for each bean.
|
AbstractAutoProxyCreator
BeanPostProcessor implementation
that wraps each eligible bean with an AOP proxy, delegating to specified interceptors
before invoking the bean itself. |
| 类和说明 |
|---|
| AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator
Generic auto proxy creator that builds AOP proxies for specific beans
based on detected Advisors for each bean.
|
AbstractAutoProxyCreator
BeanPostProcessor implementation
that wraps each eligible bean with an AOP proxy, delegating to specified interceptors
before invoking the bean itself. |
| TargetSourceCreator
Implementations can create special target sources, such as pooling target
sources, for particular beans.
|
| 类和说明 |
|---|
| TargetSourceCreator
Implementations can create special target sources, such as pooling target
sources, for particular beans.
|
| 类和说明 |
|---|
| AbstractBeanFactoryAwareAdvisingPostProcessor
Extension of
AbstractAutoProxyCreator which implements BeanFactoryAware ,
adds exposure of the original target class for each proxied bean
(AutoProxyUtils.ORIGINAL_TARGET_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE ),
and participates in an externally enforced target-class mode for any given bean
(AutoProxyUtils.PRESERVE_TARGET_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE ). |
| 类和说明 |
|---|
| AbstractBeanFactoryAwareAdvisingPostProcessor
Extension of
AbstractAutoProxyCreator which implements BeanFactoryAware ,
adds exposure of the original target class for each proxied bean
(AutoProxyUtils.ORIGINAL_TARGET_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE ),
and participates in an externally enforced target-class mode for any given bean
(AutoProxyUtils.PRESERVE_TARGET_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE ). |
| 类和说明 |
|---|
| AbstractBeanFactoryAwareAdvisingPostProcessor
Extension of
AbstractAutoProxyCreator which implements BeanFactoryAware ,
adds exposure of the original target class for each proxied bean
(AutoProxyUtils.ORIGINAL_TARGET_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE ),
and participates in an externally enforced target-class mode for any given bean
(AutoProxyUtils.PRESERVE_TARGET_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE ). |


| About Dailyrotten |
|
Feedback
If you like this page, hate it, or would like to suggest changes,
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>is listening. This page
is experimental and somewhat different from what we usually offer, so please
do send your feedback.
Adding Stories
If you are a rotten newshound and you would like to suggest a story,
visit our submit page to
send us the URL. Stories that are accepted will have your name credited.
Posting Comments
In order to post comments to stories, you will have to
create an account.
Accounts will generally be validated within 24 hours, and of
course will be disabled if there is abuse.
Viewership
On the first full day this page went live, 100,000 people visited this Rotten
News page. Of course that was the day after the WTC attacks, so that number is
somewhat distorted. Right now this page gets between 50,000 and 75,000 people
every day.
Linking
We encourage everyone to link to this page; if you like it, others probably
will as well.
Other Rotten
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Gaping Maw
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Rotten Store
Rate My Poo
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Penny Postcards
Phallic
Boners
Home
Make Dailyrotten your start page
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|
October 21, 2001
FBI investigating candy purchases
Bergen Record | Submitted by: rreynolds
Will terrorists strike against the American pagan institution of
Halloween? The FBI is investigating bulk purchases of candy
from Hackensack and Wayne, Indiana Costco stores. "We have no evidence
or information for us to suspect there is any reason to cancel scheduled
events. However, the public is encouraged to remain alert but calm."

|
|
Read article...
|
|
Bushspeak
FAIR | Submitted by: DJ3dg
"The media reaction "was understandable," Miller told me, "because it
actually reflected less on Bush's speech per se than on the moment's strange
and terrifying context. The speech was deemed 'Churchillian' because the
audience was so desperate for a proper leader at that fearful moment. At that
moment of catastrophe, there was so fierce a hunger for a national father
figure that the audience saw one in the president, who therefore came across
like Churchill, or like FDR, despite his lack of stature -- which, prior
to the shock, had been quite clear to most observers."
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Is that a boy or a girl?
Africa Online | Submitted by: Soylent
A Ghana surgeon has called for parents to examine their babies for evidence
of hermaphrodism, or congenital gender inspecificity. The surgeon "explained
that babies born as pseudo-hermaphrodites usually have stumps that could either
be the penis or the clitoris and the sex could be determined by either
physical examination or through surgery."
|
|
Read article...
|
|
The stink of cattle!
Press and Dakotan | Submitted by: Soylent
"One might only expect the occasional whiff of burnt barbecue filtering
in from Omaha's suburbs, but moviegoers leaving the Stockyards Theater on the
city's southside soon realize why they paid only $1 for a seat."
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Man Jailed over Enigma Machine
BBC | Submitted by: Soylent
An antiques dealer has been jailed for handling an enigma machine that
was stolen last year from Bletchley Park in Buckinghamshire. This particular
machine is a very rare "Abwehr" Enigma, of which only a handful remain
in existence. After the machine was stolen, the arrested man Dennis Yates
made an unsuccessful attempt to ransom it for UKP 25,000.
|
|
Read article...
|
|
CIA told to kill Bin Laden
Washington Post | Submitted by: Sincere
"President Bush last month signed an intelligence order directing the
CIA to undertake its most sweeping and lethal covert action since the founding
of the agency in 1947, explicitly calling for the destruction of Osama bin
Laden and his worldwide al Qaeda network." Article by Watergate reporter
Bob Woodward.
|
|
Read article...
|
|
Rotten: extrême mauvais goût
Liberation | Submitted by: Nicolas
"Et le débat se prolonge en Allemagne, où le gouverneur de Düsseldorf vient d'exiger des fournisseurs d'accès à l'Internet (FAI) de Rhénanie du Nord-Westphalie qu'ils bloquent quatre sites américains: trois sites néonazis - dont front 14.org, également au centre de la procédure française - et le site rotten.com, connu pour son extrême mauvais goût, parfois drôle."
[Article in French]
|
|
Read article...
|
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|
|


The WWW has become a bloated mess. Many pages are loading megabytes of Javascript to show you a few kilobytes of content. These things are a cancerous growth on the web and we should stand up against it.
We can make a difference - no matter how small it may seem. The 250kb Club is a collection of web pages that focus on performance, efficiency and accessibility.
If you'd like to suggest a web page to add to this collection, open a ticket on Github or Sourcehut. The site will be reviewed and, if applicable, added to the list below.
If your pages exceeds 250kb, you might consider 1MB.club which is the inspiration for this page.


Let's run adaptive RK on $u'=e^{t-u\sin u}$.
f = (u,t) -> exp(t-u*sin(u))
include("../FNC.jl")
t,u = FNC.rk23(f,[0.,5.],0.0,1e-5)
using Plots
scatter(t,u,m=(:o,2),label="",
xlabel="t",ylabel="u(t)",title="Adaptive IVP solution")
The solution makes a very abrupt change near $t=2.4$. The resulting time steps vary over three orders of magnitude.
plot(t[1:end-1],diff(t),label="",
xaxis=("t"),yaxis=(:log10,"step size"),title=("Adaptive step sizes"))
If we had to run with a uniform step size to get this accuracy, it would be
h_min = minimum(diff(t))
On the other hand, the average step size that was actually taken was
h_avg = sum(diff(t))/(length(t)-1)
We took fewer steps by a factor of almost 1000! Even accounting for the extra stage per step and the occasional rejected step, the savings are clear.


Where to watch Kosovo vs England for free today – on TV and online
by George StorrImage Credit: UEFA.com
Kosovo vs England − Where and when to watch today’s Euro 2020 qualifier
England are in action at Kosovo’s Fadil Vokrri Stadium this evening, having already secured their European Championship spot with an emphatic 7-0 win over Montenegro on Thursday. Southgate’s men beat Kosovo back in September in a closely contested fixture which finished 5-3 in England’s favour, though the Three Lions’ backline looked extremely vulnerable throughout. Here’s how you can tune into Kosovo vs England today.
Kosovo vs England kick-off time
The game will kick off at 5pm GMT, which is 6pm local time in Pristina.
Kosovo vs England TV channel
The game will be broadcast on ITV 1, with coverage starting at 4:15pm.
How to stream Kosovo vs England
You’ll be able to stream the game via ITV Hub, which is available on a range of devices including smartphones, tablets and laptops. Here are some quick links to get you started:
Worried that you might not be able to access ITV Hub where you are? A common workaround is to use a VPN – and our guide to the best VPNs is the obvious place to get started choosing the one that’s right for you. If you’re not familiar with VPNs, they encrypt and anonymise your internet use and, crucially, can also allow you to appear as if you’re in a completely different country.
We’ve rounded up three of the best VPNs for streaming below:
Kosovo vs England match preview
Gareth Southgate is expected to field a similar lineup to the one that too to the field against Montenegro, which was England’s 1000th international fixture. But the pressure is off for the Three Lions. Fans will hope that the game is as high-scoring as the reverse fixture was, with excitement to match.
England’s final seeding is yet to be clarified, however, but a point will seal the Three Lions’ place among the top seeds going into next summer’s tournament.
Both teams have won four of their last six fixtures, but Kosovo lost 2-1 last time out when they faced the Czech Republic. England will hope to build on their midweek momentum, with hat-trick-scoring skipper Harry Kane looking to add to his international tally.
England will certainly hope to leak fewer goals than they did in the reverse fixture, with Harry Maguire likely to reprise his leading role at the heart of the England defence. He partnered John Stones in central defence on Thursday and helped England to a clean sheet, flanked by Trent Alexander-Arnold and Ben Chilwell at right- and left-back respectively.
Victory against Montenegro was overshadowed by a section of England fans booing Joe Gomez, when he was substituted into the game. This follows an altercation that took place between Gomez and Raheem Sterling, for which Sterling has since taken the blame. The City star said in a statement that fans were wrong to boo Gomez as he made his way onto the pitch.
Unlike other sites, we thoroughly review everything we recommend, using industry standard tests to evaluate products. We’ll always tell you what we find. We may get a commission if you buy via our price links. Tell us what you think – email the Editor


Unsupported Protocol
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This file has been loaded using the unsupported "file" protocol. Please use a web server and open this page using http or https.


#HackingTogether
Hi, my name is Rob Fuller. I’m a hacker. Every one of you watching probably has a different definition of what that is, but I’m going to bet that not a single one of those definitions includes anything about a specific race, religion, creed, sexual preference or skin color. The hacking community is filled with people. humans beings, from all walks of life.
In our community, like any social community, there are those among us, friends, acquaintances, “con buddies” that have problems that you might even know they have. We have lost many too many of those friends to suicide, drug abuse, alcohol, depression, and crime.
Many of us dove into the world of computers and the Internet because it was a place of acceptance. But there is a dark side to this world, it’s too easy to disconnect, to miss those markers when all you see is what someone tweets, or IMs. We can’t see when you hurt, or when you cry.
There are many ways to help us that need it and are afraid to ask for help because one of the biggest biases we still have in our community is showing weakness. But you can let those around you know that you care, that you are there for them, and that your door is open to talk anytime, but one of the best ways is just to be around each other, hang out, go to a movie, talk about your day. To be a true friend, not just another face in the lobby of a conference.
If you wish to join me in this fight, please make a video like this one, tell your friends, “con buddies” and co-workers that we are all Hacking Together...


My name is Garrett Rowley. I am a 25 year old music producer, DJ, and synthesizer-collector.
Currently, I am living in Portland, Oregon. I moved here 3 years ago with a goal of completeing my bachelors degree at Portland State University. In December of 2018, I made this goal a reality
In the years that I lived here, I fostered many connections in the music community and developed several music relatedhobbies & skills. Some of these hobbies include DJing (as seen in the picture to the left), music production, sound design & piano. Around November of 2018, I decided that I wanted to develope new skill. This skill was coding. This descision came from my will to push myself to try new things as well as develope a new marketable skill. I was very intimindated to sign up, but within the first week, I felt like I had some what of a natural understanding for it.


Bootstrap Example
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Click on a user to learn more


Displaying {{(teams | filter: userSearch | filter: searchNameText | filter: searchProject).length}} of {{ teams.length }} teams.


We specialize in making baked goods that are gluten-free because your health is important.
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-Banalam Rekapa


If you are in local dev mode, go to http://localhost:3000 to access the frontend.
Otherwise, you probably forgot to embed the frontend build in the go binary.
Refer to the project's README for instructions on how to build Karto.


PatternFormatter offers complete control over the appearance of Log4r log events without having to write custom Formatter classes. In order to take advantage of PatternFormatter, some familarity with Kernel#sprintf or the C printf function is recommended. For time formatting, please look at Time.strftime.
PatternFormatter accepts three hash arguments:
pattern |
Log event format string. |
date_pattern |
Date format string. |
date_method |
Time method to call (instead of using date_pattern). |
The pattern format string is something like “%l [%d] %80M”, which resembles a pattern one would normally pass to Kernel#sprintf. However, the directives are specific to Log4r. Before we go on, let’s cover some terminology.
The directive identifier. Everything after this up to and including one of the directive letters defines a directive.
Letters in the set [cCdtmMl%]. These identify what kind of data we’re interested in. They are detailed below.
The numbers and assorted symbols that appears between % and a directive letter is a format directive. It is comprised of an integer specifying the field width followed optionally by a period and an integer specifying the precision. The field width is the minimum number of characters to copy from the data string while the precision is the maximum number to copy. If the field width is preceded by a - sign, the data will be left-justified. Otherwise, it is right-justified.
A statement that says, “I want this data to appear with this (optional) particular format.” A directive starts with a % and is followed by a format directive and terminates in a directive letter.
Produces a logger’s name. Fast.
Produces a logger’s full name. Fast.
Produces the time in a format specified by date_pattern or by date_method. If neither is specified, the default will be used (ISO8601). Slow.
Produces the file and line number of the log event. The appearance varies by Ruby version, but it is the same output returned by Kernel#caller. Slow.
The non-inspected log message. That is, to_s called on the object passed into a log method. Fast.
The message formatted by the format_object method in BasicFormatter. It will pretty-print Exceptions, print Strings and inspect everything else. Slow.
The name of the level. That’s l as in Lambda. Fast.
%% just prints a %. Any formatting is probably ignored. Fast.
Prints out the date according to our date_pattern or date_method. By default, it looks like this: 2001-01-12 13:15:50
Prints out at most 120 characters of the log message.
Prints the execution trace and pads it on the left with enough whitespace to make the whole thing 15 chars.
A pattern string is simply a bunch of directives combined with the desired format. For instance, to show the level in brackets followed by the date and then the log message trimmed to 15 characters, we use the following pattern:
"[%l] %d :: %.15m" #=> [DEBUG] 2001-01-12 13:15:50 :: This is a messa
To create a PatternFormatter with this format:
p = PatternFormatter.new(:pattern => "[%l] %d :: %.15m")
To format time, do one of the following:
Specify a date_pattern
Specify what class method of Ruby’s Time class to call.
Use the default format
If neither date_pattern nor date_method is specified, the default date format will be used. Currently, that would be ISO8601,
The date_pattern is exactly what one would pass to Time.strftime. To specify a date_pattern, pass :date_pattern=>"pattern" to PatternFormat.new.
Alternatively, date_method can be specified to produce the output of a specific Time method, such as usec or to_s or any other zero argument Time method that produces a time. More precisely, the method to call will be invoked on Time.now. To specify a date_method, pass :date_method=>'methodname' (or a Symbol equivalent) to PatternFormatter.new.
As explained in log4r/configurator.rb, the hash arguments to PatternFormatter are XML parameters. Here’s an example:
<formatter type="PatternFormatter" pattern="[%l] %d :: %.15m"> <date_method>usec</date_method> </formatter>
The performance impact of using a particular directive letter is noted in the What the Directives Letters mean section.
The performance impact of time formatting merits special attention. If you aren’t aware yet, the Time class is kind of a kludge. Time.now.usec happens to be faster than Time.now. If you’re concerned about performance, please profile the various time methods and patterns.
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---
layout: post
title: This is why Apple wins - Amazon, UI matters!
date: 2011-01-25 16:42:00.000000000 -05:00
comments: true
categories: []
published: true
---
Amazon,
I love what you have done with turning basic web services (most recently
sending batch emails) into a -pay-as-you-go Utility.
But really, you need to simplify your dashboard and reporting.
Do you seriously expect me to not be confused by this one menu - not to mention it is one of 4 and the others are almost equally as daunting.
Help me help you. I want to continue using your services, but if your interface continues being like this and Apple moves in - unfortunately you will turn into the 'ex'.
So before that happens, don't give them the opportunity. Spend some money on a great design team to simplify this and present it easily.
Thanks.
You can follow me on Twitter
here.