| < Day Day Up > |
13.3. Emacs and WindowsYou can also download and install Emacs 21.3 for the various Windows platforms (Win95, Win98, Win2K, WinXP, and so on). As most Windows machines do not ship with the tools required to build Emacs from scratch, we'll look at downloading and installing prebuilt executables.[7]
13.3.1 Installing EmacsAs with all platforms, you have choices when installing Emacs on Windows. You can install a binary hosted by the FSF (likely to be older, but certainly stable). You can find a more recent binary online (we'll point you to the one we prefer). You could also build Emacs from CVS, but if you're doing that on Windows, chances are you are not reading this book. Windows comes with no default compilers. <IP_ADDRESS> Installing the latest binaries: NqmacsOur source for the latest binaries is Nqmacs (http://sourceforge.net/projects/nqmacs/). This is simply a build of the latest version of GNU Emacs from CVS sources, not a separate version of Emacs as the name may imply. Windows binaries are posted here on a regular basis, giving Windows users access to the latest version without having to build it themselves. To install on Windows, simply download the latest binaries, unpack into a new folder using WinZip or Windows own decompression utilities, go to the bin subfolder and double-click on runemacs.exe. By right-clicking on the icon, you can send a copy of the icon to the desktop. <IP_ADDRESS> Installing Emacs from the FSFAs we mentioned, the binaries at the FSF are stable but generally older. For example, at this writing, the Nqmacs site provides binaries built on 7/25/04 while the FSF's site provides binaries from 3/10/2004. To download Emacs from the FSF, simply point your browser at http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/. Scroll down to find the windows folder. In there, you should find several downloads. The binaries come in three flavors:
Grab the one you want and download it. You can use WinZip (http://www.winzip.com) to unpack it. If you have the Cygwin utilities installed, you can also use gunzip and tar as we discussed in the Unix installation section.
After that's unpacked, you're 99 percent of the way there. The latest versions of Emacs need nothing else, actually; you just double-click on runemacs.exe (in the bin directory of your Emacs folder) and off you go! If you like, you can create shortcuts in your Start menu or on the desktop. Just point them at runemacs.exe and you should be set. 13.3.2 Where to Put Your .emacs FileProbably the single biggest Windows consideration is the location of the .emacs file. This file goes in your "home" directory. We use quotes there because the Windows world doesn't have a strictly defined home directory the way some other operating systems like Unix and Mac OS X do. By default, Emacs assumes that the C:\ folder is your home directory. You can put your .emacs file there, but you can also modify your home directory using the Windows environment variable called HOME. To change this environment variable on Windows XP, select System from the Control Panel. A System Properties window displays. Choose the Advanced tab, then choose Environment Variables. HOME is probably not listed; click on New, then type HOME and the path to your desired home directory. Emacs will now look for the .emacs file in this directory. Because of naming compatibility issues, older Windows versions of Emacs used the _emacs file rather than the .emacs file for customization and configuration. This file is still a valid option. However, if both _emacs and .emacs are found in the home directory, only .emacs is used. 13.3.3 Starting Emacs from the Command LineThe Emacs bin folder includes two related files, each sporting a Gnu icon: emacs.exe and runemacs.exe. Typically you'll use runemacs.exe; this runs Emacs graphically without opening a console window. The other file, emacs.exe, can be used to run Emacs from the command line as described next. To run Emacs from the command line, cd to the directory where you installed Emacs and type emacs -nw (or whatever command-line argument you wanted to use; -nw runs Emacs in the console window). You can also do this by choosing Start Run, then selecting Browse to locate emacs.exe. Add any command-line arguments you wish, and then click OK to invoke Emacs using these arguments. 13.3.4 Making Emacs Act like Windows: CUA ModeCUA stands for common user access, a standard originally developed by IBM. CUA mandates that certain keys should always perform certain functions. In Windows, for example, C-c copies and C-v pastes from one application to another. As you know, Emacs uses these key bindings for its own purposes. That's where Kim Storm's CUA mode comes in. This mode was so popular that it is now part of Emacs.[8] It allows standard Windows key bindings, like C-x for cut and C-v for paste, to work properly within Emacs. It's quite clever—these keys cut and paste only when an active selection exists. That leaves the normal functionality of multistroke commands like C-c C-f in fine shape.
To turn on CUA mode, select C-x/C-c/C-v cut-and-paste (CUA) from the Options menu. If you decide you want to use CUA mode for multiple sessions, select Save Options to have Custom (discussed in Chapter 10) automatically add it to your .emacs file. As you can see from the option name, in this mode, C-x is used for cutting text, C-c is used for copying text, and C-v is used for pasting text. What is not so apparent is that C-z runs undo rather than minimizing the window (in CUA mode, you can minimize using C-x C-z). What if you're used to confirming a region before you cut it using C-x C-x? You can type C-c C-x C-x in this case. This works in part because C-c cancels the active region. Remember that C-x would normally cut. Strictly speaking, C-x C-x doesn't immediately cut text, if you type it fast enough. Cut is really bound to C-x <timeout>. In other words, Emacs is watching to see if you type something else really quickly. If you have a region highlighted and type C-x C-s to save the buffer, Emacs does the right thing. But if you pause after C-x, you'll cut text. This is true of C-c as well. If you immediately type another sequence after C-c, Emacs uses C-c as a prefix. If you pause, it copies the highlighted text. CUA mode has a few other interesting behaviors. It has highly advanced rectangle support. (Rectangle editing is described in Chapter 7.) It also has the common behavior of replacing highlighted text. If you select a region and start typing, the highlighted text is replaced. Taking this one step further, you can do a quick and dirty search and replace in this way. Let's say that the text you typed over is just the first of several identical instances where you want to replace text. Typing M-v (for cua-repeat-replace-region) replaces the next instance. Repeat this command to continue making replacements. If there is no string to replace, M-v does nothing. For example, let's take our classic Dickens passage and replace the word times with rhymes:
You may love CUA mode or you may hate it; the only way to see if your fingers are ready for this option is to try it out. If you've used Emacs for years, you may find CUA mode keeps doing unexpected things. Your finger habits are set to Emacs's ways. On the other hand, it's hard to move back and forth between applications and change your finger habits all the time. If you have not yet gotten used to the Emacs key bindings, you may well love CUA mode, as many people do. Table 13-1 lists CUA mode commands.
13.3.5 Installing IspellInstalling Ispell on Windows can be tricky. Emacs 20 and beyond includes features like Flyspell and earlier versions of Ispell won't handle that functionality. Many Windows users do not compile their own software, and even if they did, the very newest Ispell also doesn't work with Emacs. We found the version we describe here in a post by Raymond Zeitler (http://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/help-emacs-windows/2004-06/msg00023.html), and we thank him heartily for it. The only downside to this version is that it is designed for English speakers. It may well work with other languages, but you'd have to find the <language>.hash file appropriate for your language. The first step is to download a Windows binary of Ispell 3.1.20.[9]
Open a command window. On Windows XP, you open it using Start Run, then typing command and clicking OK. Create a temporary directory and move there (you can substitute another name for tmp). C:\> mkdir tmp C:\> cd tmp FTP to gatekeeper.dec.com. C:\tmp> ftp gatekeeper.dec.com Type anonymous as your username and your email address as your password. Move to the /pub/GNU/windows/emacs/contrib directory. C:\tmp> cd /pub/GNU/windows/emacs/contrib Type bin to change to binary mode. C:\tmp> bin Download ispell.zip. C:\tmp> get ispell.zip Type bye to close your ftp session, then exit to close the MS-DOS window. Unzip the archive with WinZip or Windows' own decompression utility. We need to move a few files around to make Ispell work properly with Emacs. Move ispell.exe to Emacs' bin folder. For example, if you called the folder where you installed Emacs nqmacs, you would place the file in nqmacs\bin. Move english.hash to your home directory (either C: or the one you defined earlier as the location for your .emacs file). Now copy english.hash to american.hash (both files must exist for Ispell to work properly). We suspect but cannot verify that this would not be necessary for users of systems expecting British English dictionaries. There's a lot more to the world of Emacs in Windows. We encourage you to check out the frequently asked questions and documentation available online at http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/. |
| < Day Day Up > |


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Champions Cup: Key battles on opening European weekend
There are six games in the European Rugby Champions Cup on Saturday, with four previous winners in action.
Bath will attempt to put their indifferent domestic form to one side when they face Ulster at the Rec, while there is another Premiership-PRO14 contest at Scotstoun as Glasgow take on Sale.
Benetton face a tough opener on their return to the Champions Cup with a trip to four-time winners Leinster, Munster take on an Ospreys side in freefall, while two Premiership sides face difficult trips to France.
Bath vs Ulster, Recreation Ground (1pm)
Bath welcome back England trio Jonathan Joseph, Ruaridh McConnochie and Sam Underhill while Freddie Burns continues at full-back.
Burns' brother Billy comes in at fly-half for Ulster, who are captained by Ireland forward Iain Henderson on his return to club action.
Key match-up: Jamie Roberts vs Stuart McCloskey
Both teams will look to their powerful inside centres to get them over the gainline. Roberts is a crash-ball expert and will punch holes in opposition defences, while McCloskey is another big carrier who is capable of offloading in contact.
Also keep on eye on the battle of the Burns as Freddie attempts to deny Billy a winning return to his hometown club.
Match fact
Ulster have won all four of their Champions Cup matches against Bath. The last of those was a 26-22 win at the Rec in 2010.
Bath: 15 Freddie Burns, 14 Semesa Rokoduguni, 13 Jonathan Joseph, 12 Jamie Roberts, 11 Ruaridh McConnochie, 10 Rhys Priestland, 9 Will Chudley; 1 Beno Obano, 2 Tom Dunn, 3 Will Stuart, 4 Josh McNally, 5 Charlie Ewels (c), 6 Mike Williams, 7 Sam Underhill, 8 Zach Mercer.
Replacements: 16 Jack Walker, 17 Lewis Boyce, 18 Christian Judge, 19 Elliott Stooke, 20 Josh Bayliss, 21 Chris Cook, 22 Max Wright, 23 Gabe Hamer-Webb.
Ulster: 15 Will Addison, 14 Rob Lyttle, 13 Luke Marshall, 12 Stuart McCloskey, 11 Jacob Stockdale, 10 Billy Burns, 9 John Cooney; 1 Jack McGrath, 2 Rob Herring, 3 Marty Moore, 4 Iain Henderson (c), 5 Sam Carter, 6 Matthew Rea, 7 Jordi Murphy, 8 Marcell Coetzee.
Replacements: 16 Adam McBurney, 17 Eric O'Sullivan, 18 Tom O'Toole, 19 Alan O'Connor, 20 Sean Reidy, 21 David Shanahan, 22 Angus Curtis, 23 Louis Ludik.
Referee: Marius Mitrea (Italy).
Glasgow Warriors vs Sale Sharks, Scotstoun (1pm)
USA fly-half AJ MacGinty makes his first Sale start since returning from the World Cup while European rugby's all-time top try scorer Chris Ashton has been named on the bench.
Glasgow have named Nick Grigg alongside Scotland team-mate Sam Johnson in midfield, with Rob Harley restored to the second row after being rested for last weekend's win at Zebre.
Key match-up: Ratu Tagive vs Byron McGuigan
McGuigan returns to Scotstoun with a point to prove after missing out on Scotland selection for the World Cup.
But the 30-year-old will be tested in defence by rugby league convert Tagive, who is seeking his third try in as many matches.
Match fact
Glasgow have won eight of their last 10 home games against Premiership opposition.
Glasgow Warriors: 15 Tommy Seymour, 14 Ratu Tagive, 13 Nick Grigg, 12 Samuel Johnson, 11 DTH van der Merwe, 10 Adam Hastings, 9 George Horne; 1 Oli Kebble, 2 Fraser Brown, 3 Zander Fagerson, 4 Robert Harley, 5 Scott Cummings, 6 Ryan Wilson, 7 Callum Gibbins (c), 8 Matt Fagerson.
Replacements: 16 George Turner, 17 Alex Allan, 18 D'Arcy Rae, 19 Tim Swinson, 20 Chris Fusaro, 21 Ali Price, 22 Peter Horne, 23 Kyle Steyn.
Sale Sharks: 15 Simon Hammersley, 14 Marland Yarde, 13 Cameron Redpath, 12 Luke James, 11 Byron McGuigan, 10 AJ MacGinty, 9 Embrose Papier; 1 Ross Harrison, 2 Rob Webber, 3 Jake Cooper-Woolley, 4 Bryn Evans (c), 5 James Phillips, 6 Jean-Luc du Preez, 7 Ben Curry, 8 Dan du Preez.
Replacements: 16 Akker van der Merwe, 17 Valery Morozov, 18 Coenie Oosthuizen, 19 Matthew Postlewhaite, 20 Jono Ross, 21 Will Cliff, 22 Robert du Preez, 23 Chris Ashton.
Referee: Alexandre Ruiz (France).
Leinster v Benetton, RDS Arena (3.15pm)
Ireland internationals Johnny Sexton, Jordan Larmour, Garry Ringrose, James Ryan and Josh van der Flier all make their first appearances of the season with former Ireland U20 captain Caelan Doris handed his first European start from No 8.
Former Ireland international Ian Keatley is preferred to Tommaso Allan at fly-half for Benetton.
Key match-up: Johnny Sexton vs Ian Keatley
All eyes will be on Leinster's skipper as he returns to club action following further World Cup disappointment with Ireland.
He comes up against his former international team-mate Keatley, whose kicking will be crucial if Benetton are to stand any chance of causing an upset.
Match fact
Benetton have lost all 14 matches against Irish opposition in the Champions Cup.
Leinster: 15 Jordan Larmour, 14 Dave Kearney, 13 Garry Ringrose, 12 Joe Tomane, 11 James Lowe, 10 Johhny Sexton (c), 9 Luke McGrath; 1 Cian Healy, 2 Ronan Kelleher, 3 Andrew Porter, 4 Devin Toner, 5 James Ryan, 6 Rhys Ruddock, 7 Josh van der Flier, 8 Caelan Doris.
Replacements: 16 James Tracy, 17 Peter Dooley, 18 Michael Bent, 19 Scott Fardy, 20 Max Deegan, 21 Jamison Gibson-Park, 22 Ross Byrne, 23 Rory O'Loughlin.
Benetton: 15 Jayden Hayward, 14 Angelo Esposito, 13 Nacho Brex, 12 Alberto Sgarbi (c), 11 Luca Sperandio, 10 Ian Keatley, 9 Dewaldt Duvenage; 1 Nicola Quaglio, 2 Hame Faiva, 3 Marco Riccioni, 4 Ira Herbst, 5 Dean Budd, 6 Giovanni Pettinelli, 7 Braam Steyn, 8 Nasi Manu.
Replacements: 16 Engjel Makelara, 17 Federico Zani, 18 Tiziano Pasquali, 19 Marco Fuser, 20 Marco Lazzaroni, 21 Toa Halafihi, 22 Tito Tebaldi, 23 Tommaso Allan.
Referee: Pierre Brousset (France).
La Rochelle vs Exeter Chiefs, Stade Marcel Deflandre (3.15pm GMT)
Dave Dennis and Dave Ewers come into the Exeter pack following last weekend's home defeat to Bristol while England internationals Ben Moon, Luke Cowan-Dickie, Don Armand and Jack Nowell are all named on the bench.
La Rochelle have selected international duo Levani Botia and Geoffrey Doumayrou in midfield with Alexi Bales partnering Ihaia West at half-back.
Key match-up: Jeremy Sinzelle vs Stuart Hogg
Hogg was signed for his big-match experience as Exeter look to put their European struggles behind him.
With rain promised for this Pool 2 clash, Hogg's tactical kicking could prove crucial as will his ability in the air against the versatile Sinzelle.
Match fact
Exeter beat more defenders (33) than any other side in last season's Champions Cup.
La Rochelle: 15 Jeremy Sinzelle, 14 Vincent Rattez, 13 Geoffrey Doumayrou, 12 Levani Botia, 11 Arthur Retiere, 10 Ihaia West, 9 Alexi Bales; 1 Dany Priso, 2 Pierre Bourgarit, 3 Arthur Joly, 4 Romain Sazy, 5 Mathieu Tanguy, 6 Gregory Alldritt, 7 Wiaan Liebenberg, 8 Victor Vito (c).
Replacements: 16 Facundo Bosch, 17 Reda Wardi, 18 Sila Puafisi, 19 Lopeti Timani, 20 Kevin Gourdon, 21 Brock James, 22 Marc Andreu, 23 Kini Murimurivalu.
Exeter Chiefs: 15 Stuart Hogg, 14 Tom O'Flaherty, 13 Henry Slade, 12 Ian Whitten, 11 Alex Cuthbert, 10 Joe Simmonds, 9 Nic White; 1 Alec Hepburn, 2 Jack Yeandle (c), 3 Harry Williams, 4 Dave Dennis, 5 Jonny Hill, 6 Dave Ewers, 7 Jacques Vermeulen, 8 Sam Simmonds.
Replacements: 16 Luke Cowan-Dickie, 17 Ben Moon, 18 Marcus Street, 19 Jannes Kirsten, 20 Don Armand, 21 Jack Maunder, 22 Gareth Steenson, 23 Jack Nowell.
Referee: Mike Adamson (Scotland)
Ospreys vs Munster, Liberty Stadium (5.30pm)
Scott Otten starts at hooker while Tom Williams comes in on the left wing as the Ospreys look to put last weekend's shock loss to the Southern Kings behind them.
Keith Earls and Conor Murray make their first starts of the season, with Tyler Bleyendaal partnering Murray at half-back. JJ Hanrahan and Dave Kilcoyne miss out due to injury.
Key match-up: Dan Lydiate vs Peter O'Mahony
Lydiate has been one of the top tacklers in the PRO14 this season and another big shift in defence will be required here.
Opposing skipper O'Mahony impressed on his Munster return against Ulster last weekend, making two lineout steals in all-action 80-minute display.
Match fact
Munster have won 16 of their last 18 Champions Cup games against Welsh opposition but were beaten by the Ospreys when they last met in this competition in 2010.
Ospreys: 15 Cai Evans, 14 Hanno Dirksen, 13 Tiaan Thomas-Wheeler, 12 Scott Williams, 11 Tom Williams, 10 Luke Price, 9 Shaun Venter; 1 Rhodri Jones, 2 Scott Otten, 3 Ma'afu Fia, 4 Marvin Orie, 5 Lloyd Ashley, 6 Dan Lydiate (c), 7 Olly Cracknell, 8 Morgan Morris .
Replacements: 16 Ifan Phillips, 17 Nicky Smith, 18 Gheorghe Gajion, 19 Bradley Davies, 20 Sam Cross, 21 Aled Davies, 22 James Hook, 23 Kieran Williams.
Munster: 15 Mike Haley, 14 Andrew Conway, 13 Chris Farrell, 12 Rory Scannell, 11 Keith Earls, 10 Tyler Bleyendaal, 9 Conor Murray; 1 Jeremy Loughman, 2 Niall Scannell, 3 John Ryan, 4 Jean Kleyn, 5 Billy Holland, 6 Peter O'Mahony (c), 7 Tommy O'Donnell, 8 CJ Stander.
Replacements: 16 Kevin O'Byrne, 17 James Cronin, 18 Stephen Archer, 19 Tadhg Beirne, 20 Arno Botha, 21 Alby Mathewson, 22 Sammy Arnold, 23 Dan Goggin.
Referee: Karl Dickson (England).
Clermont Auvergne vs Harlequins, Stade Marcel Michelin (5.15pm GMT)
Mike Brown and Danny Care make their returns from injury while Scott Baldwin starts at hooker as Quins look to snap a two-game losing streak.
France duo Camille Lopez and Morgan Parra start at half-back for Clermont with Greig Laidlaw on the bench, with All Blacks Isaia Toeava and George Moala named at centre.
Key match-up: Morgan Parra vs Danny Care
Parra kicked 16 points during last season's thrilling Challenge Cup semi-final win over Harlequins but his distribution will also be key in unleashing Clermont's world-class backline.
Quins have missed Care's game management and his quick-thinking around rucks will keep Clermont defenders on their toes.
Match fact
Clermont have won their opening match in each of their last three Champions Cup campaigns.
Clermont Auvergne: 15 Nick Abendanon, 14 Peter Betham, 13 Isaia Toeava, 12 George Moala, 11 Alivereti Raka, 10 Camille Lopez, 9 Morgan Parra (c); 1 Etienne Falgoux, 2 John Ulugia, 3 Rabah Slimani, 4 Paul Jedrasiak, 5 Sitaleki Timani, 6 Peceli Yato, 7 Alexandre Fischer, 8 Fritz Lee.
Replacements: 16 Mike Tadjer, 17 Loni Uhila, 18 Davit Zirakashvili, 19 Thibault Lanen, 20 Clement Lanen, 21 Greig Laidlaw, 22 Jake McIntyre, 23 Apisai Naqalevu.
Harlequins: 15 Mike Brown, 14 Cadan Murley, 13 James Lang, 12 Francis Saili, 11 Gabriel Ibitoye, 10 Marcus Smith, 9 Danny Care; 1 Santiago Garcia Botta, 2 Scott Baldwin, 3 Simon Kerrod, 4 Glen Young, 5 Matt Symons, 6 Chris Robshaw (c), 7 Will Evans, 8 Tom Lawday.
Replacements: 16 Elia Elia, 17 Mark Lambert, 18 Phil Swainston, 19 Tevita Cavubati, 20 Renaldo Bothma, 21 Martin Landajo, 22 Michele Campagnaro, 23 Ross Chisholm.
Referee: Dan Jones (Wales).


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{% from 'confirmation_dialog.html' import confirmation_dialog %}
{% set confirmation_message %}
{% trans -%}
Please note that if you lock this event, you will not be able to change it anymore.
Only the creator of the event or a category manager will be able to unlock it.
{%- endtrans %}
{% endset %}
{% call confirmation_dialog('warning', message=confirmation_message, ok_text=_('Lock event'),
extra_confirmation=false) %}
{% trans %}You are about to lock this event!{% endtrans %}
{% endcall %}


Dojo's dijit.form.CheckBox Dijit, created declaratively:
Check me if you like Dojo
Programmatically-created Dijit:
Check me and you will be rich (kidding!)


Great Hill Corporation Step 2: Linking in the Library |
[Prev] [Next] [Tutorial3] |
In this step we will change the project's build settings to link the VRaniML library. At the same time we will add the VRaniML header file directory to the include search path and copy the VRaniML DLLs to your program directory. Finally, we will add the vraniml.h file to our project.
Follow these instructions to complete this step:
| on the C++ Page [Preprocessor Category]:
Where '[install_dir]' is the directory into which you installed the VRaniML library (c:/program files/great hill corporation/vraniml by default). | |
| on the Link Page [Input Category]:
| |
| Close the Project Settings dialog box | |
In Step 3 we will add a browser to the CDocument class.


Seated Sun Salutation
Seated Mountain Pose
Inhale Arms Up
Seated Forward Fold
Seated Lunge
Seated Cat
Seated Cow
Seated Mountain Pose


IOPERM
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (2)
Updated: 2014-08-19
Index
Return to Main Contents
NAME
ioperm - set port input/output permissions
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/io.h>
/* for glibc */
int ioperm(unsigned long from, unsigned long num, int turn_on);
DESCRIPTION
ioperm()
sets the port access permission bits for the calling thread for
num
bits starting from port address
from.
If
turn_on
is nonzero, then permission for the specified bits is enabled;
otherwise it is disabled.
If
turn_on
is nonzero, the calling thread must be privileged
(CAP_SYS_RAWIO).
Before Linux 2.6.8,
only the first 0x3ff I/O ports could be specified in this manner.
For more ports, the
iopl(2)
system call had to be used (with a
level
argument of 3).
Since Linux 2.6.8, 65,536 I/O ports can be specified.
Permissions are not inherited by the child created by
fork(2);
following a
fork(2)
the child must turn on those permissions that it needs.
Permissions are preserved across
execve(2);
this is useful for giving port access permissions to unprivileged
programs.
This call is mostly for the i386 architecture.
On many other architectures it does not exist or will always
return an error.
RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, -1 is returned, and
errno
is set appropriately.
ERRORS
- EINVAL
-
Invalid values for
from
or
num.
- EIO
-
(on PowerPC) This call is not supported.
- ENOMEM
-
Out of memory.
- EPERM
-
The calling thread has insufficient privilege.
CONFORMING TO
ioperm()
is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs
intended to be portable.
NOTES
The
/proc/ioports
file shows the I/O ports that are currently allocated on the system.
Glibc has an
ioperm()
prototype both in
<sys/io.h>
and in
<sys/perm.h>.
Avoid the latter, it is available on i386 only.
SEE ALSO
iopl(2),
outb(2),
capabilities(7)
Index
- NAME
-
- SYNOPSIS
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- RETURN VALUE
-
- ERRORS
-
- CONFORMING TO
-
- NOTES
-
- SEE ALSO
-
This document was created by
man2html,
using the manual pages.
Time: 02:54:48 GMT, September 18, 2014


Source¶
FHash
is a GUI enabled python script to compute hash files in a directory
and verify the hashes generated to check if files were changed/altered.
List of hashes created is stored in a text file with current timestamp
as filename.
Format of hash stored is as follows:
ABSOLUTE_PATH_TO_FILE|DIGEST_ALGORITHM|HASH
Note
- ‘|’ is used as a delimitter.
- Hash algorithm used must be supported by Hashlib.
-
FHash.
choose_file
(btn)¶ Action function for file interaction buttons.
Parameters: btn – identifier of button being pressed
-
FHash.
hash_file
(filename, digest)¶ Hash file
Parameters: - source – source directory in which all files are to be hashed
- digest – digest algorithm to use
-
FHash.
iter_hash
(source, digest_algorithm)¶ Iterate through all files in source list and hash.
Parameters: - source – source directory in which all files are to be hashed
- digest_algorithm – digest algorithm to use
-
FHash.
iter_verify
(destination)¶ Iterate through all files in hash list and verify.
Parameters: destination – file with target filenames, digest algorithm and hash
-
FHash.
main
()¶ Main function for FCopy.
-
FHash.
press
(btn)¶ Function called by pressing the action buttons in GUI.
Parameters: btn – identifier of button being pressed
-
FHash.
sanity_check_destination
(d)¶ Sanity check if hash file exists.
Parameters: d – hash file to to check for existance Returns: 0 if error else 1 if no error Return type: int
-
FHash.
sanity_check_source
(s)¶ Sanity check if directory or file exists.
Parameters: s – source directory/file to to check for existance Returns: 0 if error else 1 if no error Return type: int
-
FHash.
write_file
(result)¶ Write result to file that user will choose.
Parameters: result – result to be written


Digitial marketing
Right now, on worldwide average, Facebook is your number 1 priority in terms of conversion. Next is Mobile (Android or iOS) ads. This is followed by organic marketing, focusing on the human experience and relationship. These three mix in and with themselves.
Traditional Digital Marketing in based on SEO (Search Engine Optimization) PPC (Pay per Click) techniques. These are normally what the management will be expecting in your Digital Marketing Campaigns. This is normally done in conjunction with Google Analytics.
Other marketing platforms of growing import are: * youtube * Twitter * Instagram * Pinterest * Linkedin
Once you have emails and people interested and going to the site, it would be time to build the presence in the respective social media platforms to take care of repeat business, referrals and organic growth.
A generic way to reach-out and take care of clients and followers is through email. I have a blog post on that specifics of doing that here.


In keeping with our recent weekly reading about the growing 'gamification' of data, I wanted to focus my critique this week on a map-styled data-driven game made my a group of researchers at Rutgers University called Salubrious Nation. The game at...
Andy Boyle (@andymboyle) of The Boston Globe made an impassioned plea to news organizations earlier this week that they stop differentiating between blogs and articles because they're both equally forms of content. Someone's been needing to pu...
This map displays the obesity rate of each U.S. state in 2010. The darker shade red represents a higher percentage of obese residents, while the green represents states with lower obesity rates. Click on each state to see the exact totals of each ...
Lately I've been trying to get my feet wet with Django, an open-source Python web framework that's well-suited to producing complex news apps under tight deadlines. I haven't had enough free time yet to get into the nitty gritty of it, but I'...
A decade before the rise of the Internet set in motion the disruption of legacy news business models, Kaniss foresaw the growing need for local and regional news to unite increasingly fragmented, suburbanized communities.


Fades circle using "fadeOut()" function
Fade out with call back
This text will fade out
This text is hidden initially
This text visibility will toggle
Hides circle usinf "hide()" function.
Same effect as setting display = none in style


- SCREEN_HEIGHT - Static variable in class com.mygdx.elmaze.view.menus.MenuView
-
- SCREEN_RATIO - Static variable in class com.mygdx.elmaze.view.GameView
-
- SCREEN_WIDTH - Static variable in class com.mygdx.elmaze.view.menus.MenuView
-
- setGameReference(ELMaze) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.view.GameView
-
Sets the game reference to the game object passed as parameter
- setHeight(float) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.entities.DoorModel
-
Sets the Door's height to the value passed as parameter
- setHeight(float) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.entities.WallModel
-
Sets the Wall's height to the value passed as parameter
- setMultiPlayerMode() - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.controller.GameController
-
Initiates the controller in multi player mode
- setMultiPlayerMode() - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.GameModel
-
Fills the Levels list with the multiplayer Levels
- setNumPlayers(ELMaze.PLAY_MODE) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.ELMaze
-
- setPlatform(ELMaze.PLATFORM) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.ELMaze
-
- setPlayer1SpriteName(String) - Static method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.view.entities.BallView
-
Sets the first player's Ball Sprite
- setPlayer2SpriteName(String) - Static method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.view.entities.BallView
-
Sets the second player's Ball Sprite
- setPlayerNum(int) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.entities.BallModel
-
Sets the number of the player that controls the Ball
- setPosition(float, float) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.entities.EntityModel
-
Sets the Entity's x and y positions to the values passed as parameter
- setPosition(Vector2) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.entities.EntityModel
-
Sets the Entity's x and y positions to the values in the vector passed as parameter
- setRadius(float) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.entities.BallModel
-
Sets the radius of the Ball
- setRadius(float) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.entities.ButtonModel
-
Sets the Button's radius to the value passed as parameter
- setRadius(float) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.entities.ExitModel
-
Sets the Exit's radius to the value passed as parameter
- setSinglePlayerMode() - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.controller.GameController
-
Initiates the controller in single player mode
- setSinglePlayerMode() - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.GameModel
-
Fills the Levels list with the sigleplayer Levels
- setWidth(float) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.entities.DoorModel
-
Sets the Door's width to the value passed as parameter
- setWidth(float) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.entities.WallModel
-
Sets the Wall's width to the value passed as parameter
- setX(float) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.entities.EntityModel
-
Sets the Entity's x position to the value passed as parameter
- setY(float) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.entities.EntityModel
-
Sets the Entity's y position to the value passed as parameter
- SinglePlayerLevel - Class in com.mygdx.elmaze.controller.levels
-
Game Singleplayer level controller
- SinglePlayerLevel(SinglePlayerLevelModel) - Constructor for class com.mygdx.elmaze.controller.levels.SinglePlayerLevel
-
- SinglePlayerLevelModel - Class in com.mygdx.elmaze.model.levels
-
Represents a Singleplayer Level Model
- SinglePlayerLevelModel() - Constructor for class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.levels.SinglePlayerLevelModel
-
Creates a singleplayer Level Model
- SocketListener - Class in com.mygdx.elmaze.networking
-
- SocketListener(Socket, int) - Constructor for class com.mygdx.elmaze.networking.SocketListener
-
- SocketManager - Class in com.mygdx.elmaze.networking
-
Waits for the sockets to connect to the server and manages them
- SocketManager(ServerSocket, int) - Constructor for class com.mygdx.elmaze.networking.SocketManager
-
- SPKeyboardMenuView - Class in com.mygdx.elmaze.view.menus
-
Represents the Singleplayer Keyboard menu view
- SPKeyboardMenuView(ELMaze) - Constructor for class com.mygdx.elmaze.view.menus.SPKeyboardMenuView
-
Creates the singleplayer Keyboard menu
- SPLevel1Model - Class in com.mygdx.elmaze.model.levels
-
Represents the first singleplayer Level Model
- SPLevel1Model() - Constructor for class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.levels.SPLevel1Model
-
Creates the first singleplayer Level
- SPLevel2Model - Class in com.mygdx.elmaze.model.levels
-
Represents the second singleplayer Level Model
- SPLevel2Model() - Constructor for class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.levels.SPLevel2Model
-
Creates the second singleplayer Level
- SPLevel3Model - Class in com.mygdx.elmaze.model.levels
-
Represents the third singleplayer Level Model
- SPLevel3Model() - Constructor for class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.levels.SPLevel3Model
-
Creates the third singleplayer Level
- SPLevel4Model - Class in com.mygdx.elmaze.model.levels
-
Represents the fourth singleplayer Level Model
- SPLevel4Model() - Constructor for class com.mygdx.elmaze.model.levels.SPLevel4Model
-
Creates the fourth singleplayer Level
- SPLevelFourTest() - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.test.LevelTest
-
- SPLevelOneTest() - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.test.LevelTest
-
- SPLevelThreeTest() - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.test.LevelTest
-
- SPLevelTwoTest() - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.test.LevelTest
-
- SPMobileMenuView - Class in com.mygdx.elmaze.view.menus
-
Represents the Singleplayer mobile menu view
- SPMobileMenuView(ELMaze) - Constructor for class com.mygdx.elmaze.view.menus.SPMobileMenuView
-
Creates the singleplayer mobile menu
- startGame() - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.controller.GameController
-
Triggers a game start event, thus setting the Controller status to RUNNING
- startGame() - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.ELMaze
-
- startServer() - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.ELMaze
-
- startServer(int) - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.networking.NetworkManager
-
Starts the server by creating a server socket.
- stopGame() - Method in class com.mygdx.elmaze.controller.GameController
-
Triggers a game stop event, thus setting the Controller status to NOT_RUNNING


Poly
Poly
is an unofficial Google Poly SDK, written in Swift.
This library makes it easy to integrate with Google Poly while providing a few additional client-side features.
| Features | |
|---|---|
| 🔍 | 3D model search |
| ⬇ | 3D model download management |
| 📦 | advanced 3D data caching |
| 📡 | Poly reachability support |
| 🐦 | Swift 4 |
Need a different version of Swift?
4.2
- Target your Podfile to the latest release or master4.0
- Target your Podfile to theswift4.0
branch
Important
Before you begin, ensure that you have read Google’s Poly documentation, understand best practices for attribution, and have generated your API key.
Quick Start
The sample project provides several examples for integration.
You can install the dependencies with the command pod install
or by running the makefile commands make setup && make pods
.
# CocoaPods
pod "Poly", "~> 0.1.0"
# Carthage
github "piemonte/Poly" ~> 0.1.0
# Swift PM
let package = Package(
dependencies: [
.Package(url: "https://github.com/piemonte/Poly", majorVersion: 0)
]
)
Alternatively, drop the source files into your Xcode project.
Examples
Import the library.
import Poly
Setup your API key.
Poly.shared.apiKey = "REPLACE_WITH_API_KEY"
List assets using keywords.
Poly.shared.list(assetsWithKeywords: ["fox"]) { (assets, totalCount, nextPage, error) in
// assets array provides objects with information such as URLs for thumbnail images
}
// you may also query for the data directly for your own model creation
Poly.shared.list(assetsWithKeywords: ["fox", "cat"]) { (data, error) in
}
Get independent asset information.
Poly.shared.get(assetWithIdentifier: "10u8FYPC5Br") { (asset, count, page, error) in
// asset object provides information such as URLs for thumbnail images
}
// you may also query for the data directly for your own model creation
Poly.shared.get(assetWithIdentifier: "10u8FYPC5Br") { (data, error) in
}
Download a 3D asset and it’s resources for rendering, either using the asset identifier or the asset model object itself.
Poly.shared.download(assetWithIdentifier: "10u8FYPC5Br", progressHandler: { (progress) in
}) { (rootFileUrl, resourceFileUrls, error) in
if let rootFileUrl = rootFileUrl {
let node = SCNNode.createNode(withLocalUrl: rootFileUrl)
self._arView?.scene.rootNode.addChildNode(node)
}
}
The API also provides private object loading but additional endpoints may need to be added. Auth support is setup and available via the authToken
property.
Documentation
You can find the docs here. Documentation is generated with jazzy and hosted on GitHub-Pages.
Resources
- Poly iOS Quickstart
- Poly API Reference
- Poly Google Developer Website
- Poly iOS Sample Project
- Swift Evolution
- NextLevel Media Capture Library
License
Poly
is available under the MIT license, see the LICENSE file for more information.


21+ Traveling Vineyard Logo PNG. Free home wine tastings with amazing wines from traveling vineyard. The company was founded in 2001, and in 2010 it was purchased by richard libby and restructured.
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We ♥ wine as much as you do! Common grape vine wine traveling vineyard logo direct selling, vineyard, purple, blue, food png. ✓ free for commercial use ✓ high quality images. Ever since that first tasting, our company has grown like crazy.


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What Next?¶
This document is a follow-on from First App, although the impatient may start here.
Clone Repo¶
We are going to take a clean version of the tutorial code <https://github.com/mosaicnetworks/babble-android-tutorial/tree/stage4>._, which you can clone or download from Github.
From within a suitable working directory, clone the git repo and checkout the
stage4
branch.
$ git clone https://github.com/mosaicnetworks/babble-android-tutorial.git yourfirstapp
$ cd yourfirstapp
$ git checkout stage4
Then de-repo it:
$ rm -rf .git
Rename App¶
Open this project in Android Studio.
Within the Android view, right click on
app/java/io.mosaicnetworks.yourfirstapp
and select Refactor > Rename
from the menu.
You then get a warning. Click on Rename package.
Enter your new app name, and click Refactor:
Then click Do Refactor:
If you want to change the FQ name, then this may help.
For the purposes of this example, we are using a package of io.mosaicnetworks.yourfirstapp
Next update the name of the app in res/values/strings.xml
as shown below:
You should be able to build and run the amended project and see your amended name (albeit truncated in this example).
Customise¶
We have an app that handles the creation of a Babble network. Currently it implements a chat app, but in the next few sections we are going to change that.
First lets strip the chat out.
In Message.java
amend the following section of code:
import com.stfalcon.chatkit.commons.models.IMessage;
import com.stfalcon.chatkit.commons.models.IUser;
import java.util.Date;
public final class Message implements IMessage {
public final static class Author implements IUser {
to match this section (you can delete – we have commented it out to make it clear which lines have been removed):
// import com.stfalcon.chatkit.commons.models.IMessage;
// import com.stfalcon.chatkit.commons.models.IUser;
import java.util.Date;
public final class Message { // implements IMessage {
public final static class Author { //implements IUser {
Additionally, comment out every @Override
from that file. We are simply
removing a dependency on the chat library.
Refactor ChatActivity.java
. We will be calling it GameActivity.java
.
Remember to also refactor activity_chat.xml
to activity_game.xml
.
In GameActivity.java
, delete the following lines of code which implement
the chat interface:
import com.stfalcon.chatkit.messages.MessageInput;
import com.stfalcon.chatkit.messages.MessagesList;
import com.stfalcon.chatkit.messages.MessagesListAdapter;
And:
private MessagesListAdapter<Message> mAdapter;
And:
private void initialiseAdapter() {
MessagesList mMessagesList = findViewById(R.id.messagesList);
mAdapter = new MessagesListAdapter<>(mMoniker, null);
mMessagesList.setAdapter(mAdapter);
MessageInput input = findViewById(R.id.input);
input.setInputListener(new MessageInput.InputListener() {
@Override
public boolean onSubmit(CharSequence input) {
mMessagingService.submitTx(new Message(input.toString(), mMoniker).toBabbleTx());
return true;
}
});
}
Comment out:
initialiseAdapter();
And:
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (Message message : newMessages ) {
mAdapter.addToStart(message, true);
}
}
});
Finally in the app build.gradle
remove the following line.
implementation 'com.github.stfalcon:chatkit:0.3.3'
Rebuilding¶
At this point we have an empty app that implements a network, but does nothing with it. So lets change that:
Firstly lets manage some players. Whilst having a node implies participation, we are going to create something more formal. We will implement 2 messages:
- Join Game
- Leave Game
Joining and Leaving a game is completely unrelated to the state of the Babble node. To be clear, leaving a game will not cause Babble to leave the network.
Open activity_game.xml
formerly known as activity_chat.xml
. Delete the
com.stfalcon.chatkit.messages
components and the View sandwiched between
them.
Add the following code to replace the code within the RelativeLayout
that
you just deleted:
???
Add the following line to res/values/colors.xml
:
<color name="white">#ffffff</color>
Developing Your App¶
To actually develop your app, it may be easiest to develop a pair of wrapper
functions: SendMessage
and ProcessMessage
. For the initial development,
you can write a temporary implementation of SendMessage
that invokes
ProcessMessage
directly (ideally suitably deferred). This would remove the
dependency on Babble in the initial stages. Rewiring the SendMessage
and
ProcessMessage
functions to use Babble instead should then be a
straightforward switch.


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centurylink
Businessmodel of CenturyLink
Customer Segments
CenturyLink offers a broad range of communications products and services to a broad customer base. The Company’s customers can be organised broadly into the following customer categories:
- Consumers Customers, comprising residential customers, including individuals and families across multiple consumer demographics;
- Business Customers, comprising small, medium and enterprise businesses, as well as government bodies, to which the Company provides a range of commercial communications services; and
- Wholesale Customers, comprising various commercial and government entities, including other telecommunications companies, to which the Company provides products and services on a wholesale basis. CenturyLink’s core market is its native US, where its serves a broad range of commercial and consumer customers. The Company also provides services to customers across other parts of North America, as well as in parts of Europe and Asia Pacific.
Value Propositions
CenturyLink offers value to its customers in the following ways:
- Its size and industry standing, with the Company established as one of the foremost providers of telecommunications services in North America, with a significant market share and a reputation for providing reliable services;
- Its broad range of products and services, with the Company offering a broad range of communications products and services to a diverse customer base, including high-speed internet, Ethernet, wireless, and cloud hosting services;
- Its international reach, with the Company serving customers across jurisdictions in Europe and Asia Pacific, as well as across its native North America;
- Its technologies and intellectual properties, with the Company owning and utilising a number of proprietary and third party technologies in its services, in order to ensure reliable and effective services; and
- Its industry expertise and experience, with the Company employing highly trained industry specialists, as well as a team of experienced industry professionals. ### Channels
CenturyLink operates a website at www.centurylink.com, through which it provides information on its products and services, including its wholesale and business offerings. Consumers are able to order telephone, internet, and television bundles directly through the Company’s website. The Company also provides an online customer portal, for both consumer and business customers, which allows customers to manage their accounts and make payments.
CenturyLink makes the majority of its sales through its in-house direct sales force. The Company maintains local offices in many of the larger population centres within its local service areas, through which the Company’s sales and customer support teams provide services. The Company also utilises its call centre personnel, as well as a number of channel partners, to promote sales of services.
The majority of CenturyLink’s services and products are provided using the Company’s own telecommunications network, which comprises a series of voice switches, data switches and routers, high-speed transport equipment, fiber-optic and copper cables, and other equipment. The Company’s local exchange carrier networks also include central offices and remote site assets.
Customer Relationships
CenturyLink provides a range of products to its consumer customers on a self-service basis through its website. This channel enables customers to browse products and bundles independently and order service packages without interacting directly with the Company’s sales personnel. The Company’s online portal also allows consumers and business customers to manage their accounts and make payments independently.
CenturyLink makes the bulk of its sales through its direct sales force, which operates out of the Company’s offices and call centres. These sales personnel consult directly with customers, providing personalised advice and guidance on the Company’s various product and service offerings. The Company provides services primarily under fixed-term contracts.
CenturyLink provides ongoing support to its customers, principally through its call centre-based customer support staff. Customers are able to access tailored assistance from support personnel over the phone, by email, or via an online chat service. The Company additionally offers a range of support resources through its website, including FAQs and product guides.
Customers are also able to follow CenturyLink’s activities and interact with the Company directly through its social media accounts, including with Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube.
Key Activities
CenturyLink is a US-based telecommunications company, engaged primarily in the provision of various communications products and services.
The Company aligns its operations into two core operating segments: Business, which provides strategic, legacy and data integration products and services to small, medium and enterprise business, as well as wholesale and governmental customers; and Consumer, which provides strategic and legacy products and services to residential customers.
CenturyLink offers a wide range of communications products and services, including ethernet, colocation, hosting and broadband, data integration offerings, and cloud hosting services for business customers, and broadband and video, wireless, and local and long-distance voice services for consumers.
Key Partners
CenturyLink manages a diverse partner ecosystem, ensuring that it is able to provide reliable and effective services. The Company’s partners can be organised broadly into the following categories:
- Supplier and Vendor Partners, comprising suppliers of technologies, services, and equipment that are utilised across the Company’s two operating segments, as well as companies to which non-technical functions can be outsourced;
- Channel and Distribution Partners, comprising various third parties involved in marketing and selling the company’s products and services, including authorised resellers, and independent software vendors;
- Technology Partners, comprising various technology companies, including original equipment manufacturers and systems integrators, that help to ensure the Company’s systems remain up to date and efficient;
- Telecommunications Partners, comprising various companies and organisational bodies within the telecoms sector, with which the Company seeks to identify and promote energy-efficient technologies and equipment; and
- Strategic and Alliance Partners, comprising market leading companies across multiple industries, with which the company collaborates on various joint marketing, branding, and other projects. CenturyLink has a number of key partnerships in place. This includes an alliance partnership with Carrier Access Inc, a systems integration partnership with Hewlett Packard Enterprise, and a technology partnership with VMWare.
Key Resources
CenturyLink’s key resources are its technologies and intellectual properties, its equipment and supply chain, its website and online client portal, its IT and communications infrastructure, its physical network infrastructure, its offices and call centres, its partnerships, and its personnel.
Both directly and through a number of subsidiaries, CenturyLink owns and numerous patent, trademarks, and other intellectual properties that are key in differentiating its offerings from those of its competitors. Searches of records published by the us Patent and Trademark Office identified numerous patent applications filed in CenturyLink’s name including applications entitled ‘Apical conduit and methods of using same’, ‘System and method for set-top box call connection’ and ‘Command and control of devices and applications by voice using a communication base system’.
CenturyLink additionally owns and or leases a number of physical properties that are important to its offerings. This notably includes its network of offices and call centres, as well as telephone lines, cables, and other network support assets.
Cost Structure
CenturyLink incurs costs in relation to the development of its technologies and intellectual properties, the procurement of equipment and services, the development of its online platforms, the maintenance of its IT and communications infrastructure, the development and maintenance of its physical network infrastructure, the operation of its offices and call centre assets, the management of its partnerships, the implementation of advertising and marketing campaigns, and the retention of its personnel.
In 2015 CenturyLink recorded total cost of services and products – including employee-related expenses such as salaries, facilities expenses, and rent and utilities expenses – in the amount of $7.78 billion, and selling, general, and administrative expenses – including marketing and advertising costs – in the amount of $3.33 billion.
Revenue Streams
CenturyLink generates revenue through the provision of various communications products and services to consumers, businesses, and wholesale customers. The Company principally derives its revenue under fixed-term service contracts, as well as through non-recurring services, such as inside wire installation, maintenance services, service activation and reactivation.
In 2015 CenturyLink generated operating revenue for the year in the amount of $17.90 billion, down slightly on the $18.03 billion recorded by the Company in 2014. The bulk of the Company’s revenue, around 59% was generated by its Business segment, with the Company’s Consumer segment accounting for around 34%. Approximately 7% of the Company’s revenue was attributed to other operating revenues.


Quiz 0 Directions

This is the first quiz for the course. It will test your knowledge of

course prerequisites,

the first week of lectures, and

knowledge of the course policies.

At the bottom of this page is a single "Show Answer" button that will grade your answers for all of the questions. While you have unlimited submissions for this quiz, we encourage you to try to figure out the answers to the problems rather than brute-forcing all possibilities.


Howdy there! Ghana has deep cultural traditions one of them being naming their children Akan names that relate to the day in which they were born. Curious to know your Akan name, fill the form beside this text with your gender and birthdate and get to discover the cool name bestowed upon you by the elders from Ghana.
Pretty sure you'll find out that your Akan name is quite interesting and unique in its own way, take your new found name and go show it off to your famuly and friends with pride. Feel free to tell them to use the site too to find out their names, perhaps your names may match depicting the mutual greatness flowing within.


Turek Chief Burai:
I expected that there would be an agent coming from the noble Orcs. I have reinforced my troops for just such an occasion. Anyone who stands in the way of my creation of the great Turek Orc kingdom must die!


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Jack Ross takes assistant John Potter to Hibernian
New Hibernian boss Jack Ross has been reunited with assistant John Potter after he was given permission by Sunderland to make his own Easter Road switch.
Ross took his former St Mirren captain with him when he made his move to the Stadium of Light 18 months ago.
But Potter remained behind on Wearside when Ross was axed by the Black Cats six weeks ago.
However, the Sky Bet League One outfit have allowed Potter to return north of the border to join Ross in Leith.
He said: "It's a real honour to be joining Jack at Hibernian.
"From our own playing and coaching careers in Scotland it's obviously a club we know all about and we'll do whatever it takes – alongside the players and staff – to be successful.
"We're all just looking forward to Motherwell coming to Easter Road on Saturday now."
body check tags ::


This is the order history of customer:
Click on an order to see what products were bought
| # | Order ID | Location ID | Total Price | Time Placed |
|---|
This is the order history of location at:
| # | Order ID | Customer ID | Total Price | Time Placed |
|---|
| # | Order ID | Location ID | Total Price | Time Placed |
|---|
| # | Order ID | Customer ID | Total Price | Time Placed |
|---|


Chris and Sara Theule-Lubienski Report on Guatemala
In Guatemala over Christmas break on a Witness For Peace
delegation, we just happened to run into Jennifer Harbury. It
wasn't a planned part of the trip. In fact, in view of WFP's mission
and non-alignment philosophy, we were asked not to have contact
with her, since she would be the first to admit that she was under
constant surveillance by agents of the Guatemalan military. Any
association with her could impugn WFP's standing in Guatemala
and could get some of the long-term volunteers (there on tourist
visas) kicked out for political activity.
Still, some of us wanted to speak with her. Jennifer Harbury
is an exciting character. She is a Texas attorney, educated at
tlarvard. She was working with Guatemalan refugees fleeing to
the U.S. in the mid-1980s when she decided to go down to Guatemala
to see for herself what was happening. She ended up getting quite
involved in the movement for social justice there and married
Efrain Bamaca, a rebel leader with the ECP (the Guerrilla Army
of the Poor).
After a short stay in the U.S., they returned to Guatemala
and rejoined the struggle. Bamaca disappeared. Harbury had a miscarriage.
Bamaca was presumed dead until an escapee reported seeing him
alive in a military torture camp. Harbury began her crusade to
find out what happened to her husband. After much frustration,
she launched a hunger strike in front of the Guatemalan National
Palace, during which time armed men in passing cars pointed shotguns
at her, Mike Wallace and "60 Minutes" interviewed her,
and the U.S. embassy continued in its insistence that it had no
knowledge of what had happened to her husband.
After 32 days, Harbury was persuaded to end the strike and
instead begin discussions with the U.S. government about what
it knew.
After another four months of frustration, she began a second
hunger strike -- in front of the White House. It was then that
Rep. Torricelli (NJ), from the House Intelligence Committee, disclosed
the fact that the U.S. government knew that her husband had been
taken alive, that he had been tortured and murdered in captivity,
and that this atrocity had been presided over by a Guatemalan
officer -- Colonel Alpirez --who was being paid by the CIA. (Alpirez
was also implicated in the murder of U.S. citizen Michael DeVine.)
When we saw Harbury, she was in Guatemala to lay the legal
basis for litigation to find and recover her husband's body --
something the military was opposing at every turn. While she was
there, on January 5 of this year, her lawyer's car was bombed
in Washington, D.C. Later, Guotemolon children: Sacrificed to
Corpotrte ProtiC someone opened fire with an automatic weapon
on her residence in Washington.
In another chance meeting on the street, next to the shelter
for street kids, we asked her about the recent attacks (perhaps
we should have picked a more discreet spot). Apparently, the news
of the attacks had been blown out of the headlines by the big
snowstorm in the U.S. Still, she saw the attacks as a definite
message from the Guatemalan military (not the CIA -- "the
CIA's not stupid") to silence her. But, after losing a husband
and a pregnancy, she felt that she didn't have anything else to
lose.
Her case illuminates the need for a more complete disclosure
of our government's activities and knowledge about the situation
in Guatemala and other parts of Latin America. In another instance,
Sister Diana Ortiz, an Ursuline nun from Texas, was raped and
tortured by the Guatemalan military (by men under the command
of CIA "asset" Gen. Gramajo Furthermore,Sister Ortiz
said that a North American, someone connected to the U.S. Embassy,
presided over her torture before she escaped from his custody.
We asked the embassy official in charge of human rights about
her allegations. Of course he denied any embassy involvement,
but U.S. embassy staff and the Guatemalan military have been documented
in a Campaign to discredit Ortiz (part of a bizarre lesbian love
affair, they claim).
How can Guatemalans have any hope for democracy if we are
financing the torture and murder of political opponents in their
country? How can we have a democracy if our government is covertly
supporting undemocratic policies - without our consent - and the
torture and mur der of U.S. citizens?
In addition to a few U.S. citizens (we also saw the blood
stains of Father Stan Rother of Oklahoma, killed by the military
in Santiago Atitlan), hundreds of thousands of Cuatemalans have
been tortured, disappeared, and killed. To what extent has our
government been complicit in this travesty? We do know that some
of the leading architects of the violence in Latin America - including
Guatemala's Manuel Antonio Callejas y Callejas -- have been trained
at the taxpayer funded "School of the Americas" in Fort
Benning, CA. As Jennifer Harbury searches for her husband's body,
we need to know to what extent agents of our government have been
directing this slaughter.
On the School of the Americas --
Call your congressional representative and ask him or her
to support HR 2652 or
Contact Fr. Roy Bourgeois at S.O.A. Watch, PO Box 3330, Columbus,
GA 31903<PHONE_NUMBER>.
On Disclosure of CIA activities in Guatemall --
Call Sen. Arlen Specter (Chair, Senate Intelligence Committee)
(202)224-4254
by Chris Lubienski
Call Anthony Lake (National Security Advisor)<PHONE_NUMBER>


Extending MicroPython in C¶
This chapter describes options for implementing additional functionality in C, but from code written outside of the main MicroPython repository. The first approach is useful for building your own custom firmware with some project-specific additional modules or functions that can be accessed from Python. The second approach is for building modules that can be loaded at runtime.
Please see the library section for more information on building core modules that live in the main MicroPython repository.


--- layout: post title: petits éléphants date: 2010-01-31 16:35:28.000000000 -05:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: - cookies tags: - butter - Chocolate and Zucchini - petit beurre meta: _oembed_3c43f84e1da5a19e3ec6a6861f9a096b: author: login: sophie email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Pika first_name: '' last_name: '' ---
My attempt at making Petit Beurres, in the shape of little elephants, bien sûr. Still not 100% pleased with the recipe, which I basterdized from Chocolate and Zucchini's. Perhaps I would have fared better if I actually followed it.
Top row of cookies are made with white flour and oil instead of butter.
Bottom row is made with butter and whole wheat pastry flour.
The texture was surprisingly similar for both.


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Monthlyfair ® is a leading web design firm specializing in creating stunning and functional websites for businesses of all sizes. With a team of talented designers and developers, we strive to deliver innovative and tailored web solutions that empower our clients to succeed in the digital realm.
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We offer a wide range of web design services to cater to the diverse needs of our clients. From responsive website design and development to e-commerce solutions and content management systems, we have the expertise to deliver exceptional results. Our team also specializes in user experience (UX) design, ensuring that every website we create is intuitive, engaging, and optimized for conversions.
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We offer a wide range of services to help businesses and individuals establish a strong online presence and create visually appealing and functional websites. Here are the details of our services:
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- Strategic Planning: We believe in the power of a well-defined strategy. Our team of experts will work closely with you to understand your business goals, target audience, and industry landscape. We'll develop a tailored social media marketing plan that aligns with your objectives and ensures maximum impact.
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- Data Tracking and Analysis: We set up website analytics tools to track visitor behavior, measure key metrics, and provide insights to help you make data-driven decisions.
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At our web design firm, we strive to deliver high-quality services that align with your unique requirements and objectives. Our experienced team of designers, developers, and marketers will work closely with you to create a compelling online presence and help your business thrive in the digital landscape.
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Ready to elevate your online presence? Get in touch with our team at Monthlyfair ®. We would be delighted to discuss your project and provide you with a tailored web design solution that exceeds your expectations. Let's embark on a journey to create a digital experience that captivates your audience.


--- layout: post title: Making websites load faster date: 2010-07-30 01:25:07.000000000 +02:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: - Coding tags: - performance meta: _edit_last: '1' _wp_old_slug: '' _sexybookmarks_shortUrl: http://b2l.me/atxmfm _sexybookmarks_permaHash: 5d9628ecd8f95915b2f9ae68a13d1a52 dsq_thread_id: '145746338' author: login: bbWebdesign email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Bob first_name: Bob last_name: Belderbos ---
Today there are still limits in downloading files from the web server to the local browser.
Some tips:
a- as the browser can only make a limited number of requests at one time you have to limit them.
put all JS and CSS together in less files possible.
b- compress the code. this is a slight saving, but every kb helps especially if you consider the cost of bandwidth on a multi-user app
c- use sprites combining multiple images into a single image.
I still have to experiment with this option
d- put javascript files at the bottom; you will see the html/css/images much faster
e- download the yslow plugin for firefox to test and check some other features.


She was a fast machine,
She kept her motor clean,
She was the best damn woman that I ever seen,
She had sightless eyes,
Telling me no lies,
Knockin' me out with those American thighs,
Taking more than her share,
Had me fighting for air,
She told me to come, but I was already there,
'Cause the walls started shaking,
The earth was quaking,
My mind was achin',
And we were makin' it and you...
Shook me all night long,
Yeah you, shook me all night long.
Working double time on the seduction line,
She was one of a kind,
She's just mine all mine,
Wanted no applause,
It's just another cause,
Made a meal out of me, and come back for more,
Had to cool me down,
To take another round,
Now I'm back in the ring to take another swing
But the walls were shaking,
The earth was quaking,
My mind was aching,
And we were making it and you...

You really shook me and YOU!
Shook me all night long,
Aaaaahaaaahaaaah You...


Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.
-- by
Benjamin Franklin
CSCE 101


First public hearings in impeachment inquiry to begin next week, Schiff says
by Dartunorro ClarkPublic hearings in Congress will begin next Wednesday in the impeachment inquiry of President Donald Trump, House Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff, D-Calif., said Wednesday.
The open hearing on Nov. 13 will hear testimony from career diplomat William Taylor and State Department official George Kent and another on Friday will hear testimony from ousted Ukraine Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch. Schiff said there will be additional announcements of witnesses
The House passed a resolution last week largely along party lines outlining procedures for the probe as it entered a new, public phase.
This is a breaking news story, please check back for updates.


Lua
HTML
JavaScript
PowerShell
Batch
MatLab
SELinux
Make
Embedded Linux
Cross platform / toolchains
High performance computing


Bigg Boss 13: Shefali Jariwala's Husband Parag Tyagi CONDEMNS Paras Chhabra For Linking Her Up With Asim Riaz: 'Disgraceful Man Gandagi Phaila Raha Hai'- EXCLUSIVE
by Vickey LalwaniParas Chhabra gets the whip from Shefali Jariwala's husband Parag Tyagi for linking her up with Asim Riaz inside Bigg Boss 13 house
Parag Tyagi has risen in defence to condemn Paras Chhabra for linking up his wife Shefali Jariwala with Asim. SpotboyE.com had a long chat with Parag this evening around 8 pm. Parag was rather unwell, but just one or two questions into out chat- he laid out his hurt. At no stage did Parag raise his voice, the man is rather dignified.
Excerpts:
Felt bizarre when Paras linked up your wife with Asim Riaz...
Anybody sensible will feel bizarre. Character assassination karna is the easiest thing to do.
Shefali is my wife and I am very hurt by whatever Paras said. I can say the same for Mahira Sharma and him, but will I? No, I won't. I am not that type of man to start doubting every second person who gets along with the opposite sex.
Imagine we did a show together. We had become friends. He refers to me as a brother in the show. And this is what he does!
In fact, he has character-assassinated many others on the show.
I really pity him, especially when I see the way he's trying so hard to get close to every girl. Except Mahira nobody is giving him time and attention.
He has a steady girlfriend...
Yes, I know you're talking about Akanksha Puri who else! I feel sorry for her. Kya beet rahi hogi uspe?
But she told us that he has a script, like I guess she meant, strategy. Or, is it that she's maintaining a brave front?
I really don't know much about her. I think Paras usko kuch cheezen rata kar gaya hai, woh wahi cheezi baar baar repeat karti rehti hai.
Do you know he ridiculed his ex, Pavitra Punia?
Yes, I heard about that. Doesn't he know that har ladki ki ek izzat hoti hai?
Anyway, thank God I got to know Paras' true colours soon.
Will you confront him when you meet him?
Of course. I am Shefali's husband and it's my duty. Above all, as I said, I am very hurt- but yes, initially I was angry too.
What does this attack on Shefali speak about Paras?
Every man is known by his character. I think I have answered your question.
Seriously, bhagwan usko buddhi de. He can go to any extent. Gandagi phaila raha hai. Even Salman has criticised him. I don't think he'll go too far in the game.
Image Source:- instagram/paragtyagi/shefalijariwala/colorstv/voot/newsjizz/headlinez/


The Tesla Model S is a full-sized electric five-door, luxury liftback, produced by Tesla Motors. Since its introduction in June 2012 it has achieved rapidly growing sales, particularly in Norway and California.
Beginning with vehicles manufactured in late September 2014, all new Model S's come equipped with a camera mounted at the top of the windshield, forward looking radar in the lower grill, and ultrasonic sonar sensors in the front and rear bumpers that provide a 360-degree buffer zone around the car.
Premium Interior
The instrument panel is a 12.3 in (31 cm) LCD display that indicates speed, power usage, charge level, estimated range and active gear. The gearbox can be set to Drive, Neutral, Reverse and Park.
Join us to test drive* All guests who wish to test drive the new Tesla Model S will be subject to a credit check


Welcome to Graph Recognition System
You can try the following tutorials.
Minimum spanning tree
Single source shortest path


| Class | ActiveMerchant::Billing::PayflowExpressGateway |
| In: |
lib/active_merchant/billing/gateways/payflow_express.rb
|
| Parent: | Gateway |
# File lib/active_merchant/billing/gateways/payflow_express.rb, line 15 15: def authorize(money, options = {}) 16: requires!(options, :token, :payer_id) 17: request = build_sale_or_authorization_request('Authorization', money, options) 18: commit(request) 19: end
# File lib/active_merchant/billing/gateways/payflow_express.rb, line 27 27: def credit(money, identification, options = {}) 28: request = build_reference_request(:credit, money, identification, options) 29: commit(request) 30: end
# File lib/active_merchant/billing/gateways/payflow_express.rb, line 46 46: def details_for(token) 47: request = build_get_express_details_request(token) 48: commit(request) 49: end
# File lib/active_merchant/billing/gateways/payflow_express.rb, line 21 21: def purchase(money, options = {}) 22: requires!(options, :token, :payer_id) 23: request = build_sale_or_authorization_request('Sale', money, options) 24: commit(request) 25: end
# File lib/active_merchant/billing/gateways/payflow_express.rb, line 32 32: def setup_authorization(money, options = {}) 33: requires!(options, :return_url, :cancel_return_url) 34: 35: request = build_setup_express_sale_or_authorization_request('Authorization', money, options) 36: commit(request) 37: end


Specifies whether the underlying grants object is frozen and all functionality for modifying it is disabled.
Documented separately in enums/Action
Documented separately in AccessControlError
Documented separately in enums/Possession
Alias of grant()
.
Gets an instance of Query
object. This is used to check whether the
defined access is allowed for the given role(s) and resource. This
object provides chainable methods to define and query the access
permissions to be checked.
A single role (as a string), a
list of roles (as an array) or an
{@link ?api=ac#AccessControl~IQueryInfo|IQueryInfo
object} that fully
or partially defines the access to be checked.
Query
inner class}. Gets an instance of Access
object. This is used to deny access to
specified resource(s) for the given role(s). Denying will only remove a
previously created grant. So if not granted before, you don't need to
deny an access.
A single role (as a
string), a list of roles (as an array) or an
{@link ?api=ac#AccessControl~IAccessInfo|IAccessInfo
object} that
fully or partially defines the access to be denied.
The returned object provides chainable properties to
build and define the access to be granted. See
{@link ?api=ac#AccessControl~Access|Access
inner class}.
Extends the given role(s) with privileges of one or more other roles.
Role(s) to be extended. Single role
as a String
or multiple roles as an Array
. Note that if a
role does not exist, it will be automatically created.
Role(s) to inherit from.
Single role as a String
or multiple roles as an Array
. Note
that if a extender role does not exist, it will throw.
AccessControl
instance for chaining. Alias of getInheritedRolesOf
Gets the internal grants object that stores all current grants.
Gets the list of inherited roles by the given role.
Target role name.
Gets all the unique resources that are granted access for at least one role.
Gets all the unique roles that have at least one access information.
Gets an instance of Grant
(inner) object. This is used to grant access
to specified resource(s) for the given role(s).
Access
inner class}.Checks whether grants include the given resource or resources.
Resource to be checked. You can also pass an array of strings to check multiple resources at once.
Checks whether the grants include the given role or roles.
Role to be checked. You can also pass an array of strings to check multiple roles at once.
Freezes the underlying grants model and disables all functionality for
modifying it. This is useful when you want to restrict any changes. Any
attempts to modify (such as #setGrants()
, #reset()
, #grant()
,
#deny()
, etc) will throw after grants are locked. Note that there
is no unlock()
method.  ;)
Remember that this does not prevent the AccessControl
instance from
being altered/replaced. Only the grants inner object is locked.
A note about performance: This uses recursive Object.freeze()
.
In NodeJS & V8, enumeration performance is not impacted because of this.
In fact, it increases the performance because of V8 optimization.
AccessControl
instance for chaining. Gets an instance of Permission
object that checks and defines the
granted access permissions for the target resource and role. Normally
you would use AccessControl#can()
method to check for permissions but
this is useful if you need to check at once by passing a IQueryInfo
object; instead of chaining methods (as in
.can(<role>).<action>(<resource>)
).
A fulfilled
{@link ?api=ac#AccessControl~IQueryInfo|IQueryInfo
object}.
Permission
inner class}. Alias of can()
.
Alias of deny()
.
Removes all the given resources for all roles, at once.
Pass the roles
argument to remove access to resources for those
roles only.
A single or array of resources to be removed.
AccessControl
instance for chaining.Removes all the given role(s) and their granted permissions, at once.
An array of roles to be removed. Also accepts a string that can be used to remove a single role.
AccessControl
instance for chaining.Resets the internal grants object and removes all previous grants.
AccessControl
instance for chaining.Sets all access grants at once, from an object or array. Note that this will reset the object and remove all previous grants.
A list containing the access grant definitions.
AccessControl
instance for chaining.A utility method for deep cloning the given data object(s) while filtering its properties by the given attribute (glob) notations. Includes all matched properties and removes the rest.
Note that this should be used to manipulate data / arbitrary objects with enumerable properties. It will not deal with preserving the prototype-chain of the given object.
A single or array of data objects to be filtered.
The attribute glob notation(s)
to be processed. You can use wildcard stars (*) and negate
the notation by prepending a bang (!). A negated notation
will be excluded. Order of the globs do not matter, they will
be logically sorted. Loose globs will be processed first and
verbose globs or normal notations will be processed last.
e.g. [ "car.model", "*", "!car.*" ]
will be sorted as:
[ "*", "!car.*", "car.model" ]
.
Passing no parameters or passing an empty string (""
or [""]
)
will empty the source object.
Checks whether the given object is an instance of AccessControl.Error
.
Object to be checked.
Alias of isACError
AccessControl class that implements RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) basics and ABAC (Attribute-Based Access Control) resource and action attributes.
Construct an
AccessControl
instance by either passing a grants object (or array fetched from database) or simply omitgrants
parameter if you are willing to build it programmatically.The
grants
object can also be an array, such as a flat list fetched from a database.We turn this list into a hashtable for better performance. We aggregate the list by roles first, resources second. If possession (in action value or as a separate property) is omitted, it will default to
"any"
. e.g."create"
➞"create:any"
Below are equivalent:
So we can also initialize with this flat list of grants:
Onur Yıldırım<EMAIL_ADDRESS>MIT
const ac = new AccessControl(grants);
ac.grant('admin').createAny('profile');
// or you can chain methods ac.grant('admin') .createAny('profile') .readAny('profile', ["*", "!password"]) .readAny('video') .deleteAny('video');
// since these permissions have common resources, there is an alternative way: ac.grant('admin') .resource('profile').createAny().readAny(null, ["*", "!password"]) .resource('video').readAny()..deleteAny();
ac.grant('user') .readOwn('profile', ["uid", "email", "address.", "account.", "!account.roles"]) .updateOwn('profile', ["uid", "email", "password", "address.", "!account.roles"]) .deleteOwn('profile') .createOwn('video', ["", "!geo."]) .readAny('video') .updateOwn('video', ["", "!geo.*"]) .deleteOwn('video');
// now we can check for granted or denied permissions const permission = ac.can('admin').readAny('profile'); permission.granted // true permission.attributes // ["*", "!password"] permission.filter(data) // { uid, email, address, account } // deny permission ac.deny('admin').createAny('profile'); ac.can('admin').createAny('profile').granted; // false
// To add a grant but deny access via attributes ac.grant('admin').createAny('profile', []); // no attributes allowed ac.can('admin').createAny('profile').granted; // false
// To prevent any more changes: ac.lock();


--- layout: compress ---
{% include head.html %} {% include nav.html %}Fei Liu is a designer, artist, writer and DJ exploring digital empathy, and the narrative potential of interfaces. Currently: Researcher in Residence at NEW INC, fellow at Akademie Schloss Solitude. Find me: fei.fei2liu@gmail.com


| < Day Day Up > |
The analysis of algorithms often requires us to draw upon a body of mathematical tools. Some of these tools are as simple as high-school algebra, but others may be new to you. In Part I, we saw how to manipulate asymptotic notations and solve recurrences. This Appendix is a compendium of several other concepts and methods we use to analyze algorithms. As noted in the introduction to Part I, you may have seen much of the material in this Appendix before having read this book (although the specific notational conventions we use might occasionally differ from those you saw in other books). Hence, you should treat this Appendix as reference material. As in the rest of this book, however, we have included exercises and problems, in order for you to improve your skills in these areas.
Appendix A offers methods for evaluating and bounding summations, which occur frequently in the analysis of algorithms. Many of the formulas in this chapter can be found in any calculus text, but you will find it convenient to have these methods compiled in one place.
Appendix B contains basic definitions and notations for sets, relations, functions, graphs, and trees. This chapter also gives some basic properties of these mathematical objects.
Appendix C begins with elementary principles of counting: permutations, combinations, and the like. The remainder of the chapter contains definitions and properties of basic probability. most of the algorithms in this book require no probability for their analysis, and thus you can easily omit the latter sections of the chapter on a first reading, even without skimming them. Later, when you encounter a probabilistic analysis that you want to understand better, you will find Appendix C well organized for reference purposes.
| < Day Day Up > |


We're sorry but musiclens doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue.
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number phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>2
email adress<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Nation Joined a programming bootcamp at Code nation where I was challenged to develop a personal page with html, css and flexbox. I successfully completed the website on time. I also gained great competencies on github, trello and slack.


|
Throughout
the years, some types of Chess notation
or languages were developed in order to
record the position of the pieces on the
Chessboard or the moves being made
during a Chess game. This is typically
done by indicating the current piece and
square location and where the piece is
being moved to. It also enables us to review
great Chess games played by actual
Grandmasters and from other Chess
players of the past, allowing you to go back over
their games and learn from them. Also,
learning Chess notation is a must
to compose or study Chess problems and to be able to
understand
any kind of Chess book. |
|
Piece symbols
and letters used in Chess diagrams |
K = King |
Q
= Queen |
R
= Rook |
B
= Bishop |
N = Knight |
(no letter) |
|
K,
Q,
R,
B,
and N
must always
be written down in capital letters |
|
Other
shorthand symbols used in Chess notation |
|
Symbol |
Description |
|
+
or
ch |
Check |
|
0-0 |
Kingside Castling |
|
1-0 |
White won the game |
|
½ -½ |
Game drawn |
|
e.p. |
en passant move |
|
! |
Good move |
|
? |
Bad move |
|
+/= |
Slight advantage for
white |
|
+/- |
Advantage for white |
|
+- |
White decisive
advantage |
|
= |
Even position or
draw |
|
|
|
Symbol |
Description |
|
#
or
++ |
Checkmate |
|
0-0-0 |
Queenside Castling |
|
0-1 |
Black won the game |
|
* |
Game in progress |
|
x
or
: |
Capture |
|
!! |
Very good move |
|
?? |
Very bad move |
|
=/+ |
Slight advantage for
black |
|
-/+ |
Advantage for black |
|
-+ |
Black decisive
advantage |
|
Kt
or
N |
Knight |
|
|
Algebraic
Notation System |
|
Based on a system developed by Philipp
Stamma, the Algebraic notation system uses the
coordinates of the 8x8 square grid of
the Chessboard and it is now the
standard among most Chess players and
organizations. The first
horizontal row of the white pieces is
used for the denomination of all
columns. The squares of such
columns are named from left to right
with the letters: a, b, c, d, e, f, g,
and h. The first vertical column
is used for the denomination of all
ranks. The squares of such ranks
are named from down to up with the
numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, see Fig.
3. The diagram on Fig. 4 shows
the unique numeration for all the
squares on the Chessboard, and Fig. 5
illustrates the current coordinates position
on the board of
both white and black Kings. |
|
Chessboard with
coordinates |
|
Algebraic numeration for all
64 squares |
|
White King is at c3
and black King is at f7 |
|
Short Algebraic
Chess Notation |
|
This is
the most popular form of the Algebraic
system which is also called Standard
Algebraic notation. This type of notation omits
to annotate the starting file and rank
location of the piece
being moved and instead, the piece name
and destination square are only annotated, see Fig.
6. The
letters naming the
Chess pieces
are always written in upper-case letters
and the coordinates letters of the board are
always written in lower-case.
The letter ‘P’ for Pawn is never used
and only the destination file and rank
coordinates are recorded. |
|
Short Algebraic notation
of the above position |
|
1. e4
e5 |
2. Nf3
Nc6 |
3. Bb5
... |
|
Move |
White |
Description |
Black |
Description |
|
1. |
e4 |
White
moves Pawn to e4 |
e5 |
Black
moves Pawn to e5 |
|
2. |
Nf3 |
White
moves Knight to f3 |
Nc6 |
Black
moves Knight to c6 |
|
3. |
Bb5 |
White
moves Bishop to b5 |
... |
... |
|
Long Algebraic
Chess Notation |
|
Although
long Algebraic notation is no longer
recognized by FIDE as of 1981, computer
programs and some Chess players use this
variant of fully expanded Algebraic
notation because it has the benefit of
clarity, particularly for players
learning the game or less skilled. This
notation is almost identical to short
Algebraic but it has the advantage of
recording where a piece comes from in
addition to the one it moves to. A
hyphen is added between the two, for
example: 1. c2-c4 instead of short
Algebraic 1. c4. Also, an “x” is used to annotate a
capture: 12. Nf3xd4 versus short
Algebraic: 12. Nd4 (or Nxd4). |
|
Long Algebraic notation
of the above position |
|
1. c2-c4 e7-e5 |
2. Nb1-c3
d7-d6 |
3. Ng1-f3
Bc8-g4 |
|
Move |
White |
Description |
Black |
Description |
|
1. |
c2-c4 |
White
moves Pawn to c4 |
e7-e5 |
Black
moves Pawn to e5 |
|
2. |
Nb1-c3 |
White
moves Knight to c3 |
d7-d6 |
Black
moves Pawn to d6 |
|
3. |
Ng1-f3 |
White
moves Knight to f3 |
Bc8-g4 |
Black
moves Bishop to g4 |
|
Figurine Algebraic
Chess Notation |
|
Another
Algebraic notation variation which is
gaining popularity, is called Figurine
Algebraic Notation. Twelve pictorial
representations or symbols to
represent the pieces are used
instead of letters: six for the white
pieces and six for the black pieces (Fig.
8). It was first used by Count Robiano in 1846 and
was called ‘notation parlante’. By
changing the letters to small
pictures representing the pieces, we can have an
international language understood by all Chess players worldwide. This method has
mostly been popularized by newspapers
and other periodicals in Chess published
articles and games. |
|
Figurine Algebraic notation
of the above position |
|
1. e4 e5 |
2.
f3
c6 |
3.
c4
c5 |
|
Move |
White |
Description |
Black |
Description |
|
1. |
e4 |
White
moves Pawn to e4 |
e5 |
Black
moves Pawn to e5 |
|
2. |
f3 |
White
moves Knight to f3 |
c6 |
Black
moves Knight to c6 |
|
3. |
c4 |
White
moves Bishop to c4 |
c5 |
Black
moves Bishop to c5 |
|
Descriptive
Chess Notation |
|
This type
of Descriptive notation (also called
English notation), was once the most popular
notation in English and Spanish speaking
countries until at least the late 70’s
and is still used by some older players.
Although Descriptive notation
is no longer as popular as Algebraic
notation, it is very useful to learn it
because there are hundreds of old books
from past Chess players using this
Descriptive system. Rather than using
letters for the columns, the board is
divided into King-side and Queen-side
squares, see fig. 10. Numbers are used
for the ranks but each player starts
from 1 to 8 from his relative position.
Thus, the Algebraic move 1. e4 e5 is
equal to 1. P-K4 P-K4 in Descriptive
notation and is represented
by the move number (1.), the piece’s name (P), a hyphen (-),
and the destination square (K4).
Unlike Algebraic notation, Descriptive
notation
always uses the letter ‘P’ to name Pawns. |
|
Descriptive numeration for all
64 squares |
|
|
|
Descriptive notation
of the above position |
|
1. P-Q4 N-KB3 |
2. P-QB4
P-KN3 |
3. N-QB3
P-Q4 |
|
Move |
White |
Description |
Black |
Description |
|
1. |
P-Q4 |
White
moves Pawn to d4 |
N-KB3 |
Black
moves Knight to f6 |
|
2. |
P-QB4 |
White
moves Pawn to c4 |
P-KN3 |
Black
moves Pawn to g6 |
|
3. |
N-QB3 |
White
moves Knight to c3 |
P-Q4 |
Black
moves Pawn to d5 |
|
The
Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN for
short), is the standard notation or
method for describing Chess positions or
a particular board position of a Chess
game. It was created in 1883 by newspaper
journalist David Forsyth from Scotland
and slightly extended later by an
American computer scientist Steven J.
Edwards for use in
computer Chess software. The main
purpose of FEN notation files is to provide all the information
required to restart a game from a
desired Chess position.
Typical FEN string showing the Chessboard
initial position:
A FEN string is made up of 6 fields:
FEN strings
contain separators between fields using
blank spaces:
Field #1: Chess pieces setup:
This
field number 1 is comprised of 8 strings
or sections of letters and numbers
separated by slashes ( / ):
Each
string or section represents a rank or a
row of 8 squares of the Chess board
running from left to right and starting
from the uppermost section of the board
(black pieces).
Every rank is filled up with letters taken from the standard English names:
“P”= Pawn, “N”= Knight, “B”= Bishop,
“R”= Rook, “Q”= Queen, “K”= King, and
numbers from 1 to 8. White pieces are
identified by uppercase letters (PNBRQK)
and black pieces by lowercase letters
(pnbrqk). Adjacent or contiguous empty
squares are identified with a single
digit number (1 to 8), e.g.: a whole
empty row of 8 squares should be
represented by an “/8/”, not as
“/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/” and this also
applies to any other lower amount of
contiguous empty
squares in a row.
The
following image is an alternate way of
visualizing the board with the above FEN
file:
Field #2: Active player or color:
The
field #2 represents the active color or
to indicate which player moves next. Letter “w” means white moves next,
letter “b” means black moves next.
|
|
Field #3: Castling availability:
Field #3
(KQkq) indicates castling options for
both colors and can have one or more
letters: “K” (white can castle
Kingside), “Q” (white can castle
Queenside), “k” (black can castle
Kingside), and “q” (black can castle
Queenside). If neither side can castle, this is
“-”.
Table below shows all
possible options for field #3:
|
KQkq |
White and black can castle
either side |
|
KQk |
White can castle either side,
black kingside |
|
KQq |
White can castle either side,
black queenside |
|
Kkq |
White can castle kingside, black
can castle either side |
|
Kk |
White and black can castle
kingside |
|
Kq |
White can castle kingside, black
can castle queenside |
|
KQ |
White can castle either side,
black is not allowed to castle |
|
K |
White can castle kingside, black
is not allowed to castle |
|
Qkq |
White can castle queenside,
black can castle either side |
|
Qk |
White can castle queenside,
black can castle kingside |
|
Qq |
White and black can castle
queenside |
|
Q |
White can castle queenside,
black is not allowed to castle |
|
kq |
Black can castle either side,
white is not allowed to castle |
|
k |
Black can castle kingside, white
is not allowed to castle |
|
q |
Black can castle queenside,
white is not allowed to castle |
|
- |
Neither side
is allowed to castle |
|
|
Field #4: En passant:
Field
#4 targets the en passant square in algebraic notation
and is the position “behind” the Pawn if
it has just made a two-square move. If there
is no en passant target square, this is
annotated as “-”. Should be recorded regardless of whether there
is a Pawn in position to make an en passant capture.
|
|
Field #5: Halfmove clock:
This
field shows the number of half-moves since the last
Pawn advance or capture. It is used to determine if a draw can be claimed under the fifty-move rule.
|
|
Field #6: Fullmove number:
The number of the full moves
or a complete move pair. It starts at 1 and it is incremented after
black’s move.
|
|
Regardless of the Chess notation a
player chooses or likes, he should have
the means to write down his Chess moves
and games. In Chess tournaments, players
are required to record the moves in a
Chess score sheet. This effectively
allows players and officials to visually
follow and recreate all moves made
during a game in case there is a
discrepancy or a dispute such as an
illegal move, three-fold repetition,
fifty-move rule, etc. Another good reason
for writing down your Chess games is
that enables you to replay your moves
later
for further study and analysis by
pointing out mistakes and improving your
Chess. Fig. 14 below shows a copy of the
original score sheet from “The
Game of the Century” played between
Byrne and Fischer on the Rosenwald
Memorial of 1956 written in Descriptive
notation. |
|
Score
sheet / Byrne vs. Fischer |
|
Fig. 14
Click here
to download a printable Chess Score Sheet |
|
More about Chess
Notation
Promotion
is annotated in Algebraic notation using
an equal sign, e.g., d8=Q. In
Descriptive notation there are several
accepted ways of doing so: with
parentheses: P-K8(Q), or a slash:
P-K8/Q, or with an equal sign: P-K8=Q.
In
Descriptive, the move 1. KP-K4 ... can always
be written as 1. P-K4 ... since only that Pawn
can move to K4. The normal full
designation for the piece or a file can
be shortened to just the last part
providing this does not produce
ambiguity.
When
annotating moves during a game, the move
number is written first, followed by the
white move and then the black move. When
white or black makes a move and the
sequence needs to be interrupted to
embed a follow up or a commentary, an
ellipsis (...) should be placed to
denote it: Algebraic Notation - 12. Bxd6
... (for white) or 12. ... Ne5 (for
black), and in Descriptive notation -
12. BxQ6 ... (white) or 12. ... N-K4
(black).
In both
Algebraic and Descriptive notation, when
a player has the option to capture a
piece with two own pieces, e.g., with two
Knights, an extra character should be
added to avoid confusion: Algebraic -
Nfxd4 (if both Knights are on rank 3) or
N6xd4 (if both Knights are on c column),
and in Descriptive notation - N(K)xP and
N(6)xP respectively.
|
|