wflow_start
creates a directory with the essential files for
a workflowr project. The default behavior is to add these files to
a new directory, but it is also possible to populate an existing
directory. By default, the working directory is changed to the
workflowr project directory.
wflow_start( directory, name = NULL, git = TRUE, existing = FALSE, overwrite = FALSE, change_wd = TRUE, disable_remote = FALSE, dry_run = FALSE, user.name = NULL, user.email = NULL )
| directory | character. The directory where the workflowr
project files will be added, e.g., "~/my-wflow-project". When
|
|---|---|
| name | character (default: |
| git | logical (default: |
| existing | logical (default: |
| overwrite | logical (default: |
| change_wd | logical (default: |
| disable_remote | logical (default: |
| dry_run | logical (default: |
| user.name | character (default: |
| user.email | character (default: |
An object of class wflow_start
, which is a list with the
following elements:
The input argument directory
.
The input argument name
.
The input argument git
.
The input argument existing
.
The input argument overwrite
.
The input argument change_wd
.
The input argument disable_remote
.
The input argument dry_run
.
The input argument user.name
.
The input argument user.email
.
The object returned by
git2r::commit
, or NULL
if git =
FALSE
.
This is recommended function to set up the file infrastructure for
a workflowr project. If you are using RStudio, you can also create
a new workflowr project as an "RStudio Project Template". Go to
"File" -> "New Project..." then select "workflowr project" from the
list of project types. In the future, you can return to your
project by choosing menu option "Open Project..." and selecting the
.Rproj
file located at the root of the workflowr project
directory. In RStudio, opening this file will change the working
directory to the appropriate location, set the file navigator to
the workflowr project directory, and configure the Git pane.
wflow_start
populates the chosen directory with the
following files:
|--- .gitignore |--- .Rprofile |--- _workflowr.yml |--- analysis/ | |--- about.Rmd | |--- index.Rmd | |--- license.Rmd | |--- _site.yml |--- code/ | |--- README.md |--- data/ | |--- README.md |--- docs/ |--- <directory>.Rproj |--- output/ | |--- README.md |--- README.md
The two required subdirectories are analysis/
and
docs/
. These directories should never be removed from the
workflowr project.
analysis/
contains all the source R Markdown files that
implement the analyses for your project. It contains a special R
Markdown file, index.Rmd
, that typically does not include R
code, and is will be used to generate index.html
, the
homepage for the project website. Additionally, this directory
contains the important configuration file _site.yml
. The
website theme, navigation bar, and other properties can be
controlled through this file (for more details see the
documentation on
R
Markdown websites). Do not delete index.Rmd
or
_site.yml
.
docs/
will contain all the webpages generated from the R
Markdown files in analysis/
. Any figures generated by
rendering the R Markdown files are also stored here. Each figure is
saved according to the following convention:
docs/figure/<Rmd-filename>/<chunk-name>-#.png
, where
#
corresponds to which of the plots the chunk generated (one
chunk can produce several plots).
_workflowr.yml
is an additional configuration file used only
by workflowr. It is used to apply the workflowr reproducibility
checks consistently across all R Markdown files. The most important
setting is knit_root_dir
which determines the directory
where the scripts in analysis/
are executed. The default is
to run code from the project root (i.e., "."
). To
execute the code from analysis/
, for example, change the
setting to knit_root_dir: "analysis"
. See
wflow_html
for more details.
Another required file is the RStudio project file (ending in
.Rproj
). Do not delete this file even if you do not
use RStudio; among other essential tasks, it is used to determine
the project root directory.
The optional directories are data/
, code/
, and
output/
. These directories are suggestions for organizing
your workflowr project and can be removed if you do not find them
relevant to your project.
data/
should be used to store "raw" (unprocessed) data
files.
code/
should be used to store additional code that might not
be appropriate to include in R Markdown files (e.g., code to
preprocess the data, long-running scripts, or functions that are
used in multiple R Markdown files).
output/
should be used to store processed data files and
other outputs generated from the code and analyses. For example,
scripts in code/
that pre-process raw data files from
data/
should save the processed data files in
output/
.
All these subdirectories except for docs/
include a README
file summarizing the contents of the subdirectory, and can be
modified as desired, for example, to document the files stored in
each directory.
.Rprofile
is an optional file in the root directory of the
workflowr project containing R code that is executed whenever the
.Rproj
file is loaded in RStudio, or whenever R is started
up inside the project root directory. This file includes the line
of code library("workflowr")
to ensure that the workflowr
package is loaded.
Finally, .gitignore
is an optional file that indicates to
Git which files should be ignored---that is, files that are never
committed to the repository. Some suggested files to ignore such as
.Rhistory
and .Rdata
are listed here.
Do not delete the file .Rproj
even if you do not use
RStudio; workflowr will not work correctly unless this file is
there.
vignette("wflow-01-getting-started")
if (FALSE) { wflow_start("path/to/new-project") # Provide a custom name for the project. wflow_start("path/to/new-project", name = "My Project") # Preview what wflow_start would do wflow_start("path/to/new-project", dry_run = TRUE) # Add workflowr files to an existing project. wflow_start("path/to/current-project", existing = TRUE) # Add workflowr files to an existing project, but do not automatically # commit them. wflow_start("path/to/current-project", git = FALSE, existing = TRUE) }


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Description: We begin this lecture with basic probability concepts, and then discuss belief nets, which capture causal relationships between events and allow us to specify the model more simply. We can then use the chain rule to calculate the joint probability table.
Instructor: Patrick H. Winston
Lecture 21: Probabilistic I...
PATRICK WINSTON: Here we are, down to the final sprint.
Three to go.
And we're going to take some of the last three, maybe two of the last three, to talk a little bit about stuff having to do with probabilistic approaches-- use of probability in artificial intelligence.
Now, for many of you, this will be kind of a review, because I know many of you learned about probability over the [? sand ?] table and every year since then.
But maybe we'll put another little twist into it, especially toward the end of the hour when we get into a discussion of that which has come to be called belief nets.
But first, I was driving in this morning, and I was quite astonished to see, as I drove in, this thing here.
And my first reaction was, oh my god, it's the world's greatest hack.
And then I decided, well, maybe it's a piece of art.
So I'd like to address the question of how I could come to grips with that issue.
There's a distinct possibility that this thing is a consequence of a hat, possibly the result of some kind of art show.
And in any event, some sort of statue appeared, and statues don't usually appear like that.
So I got the possibility of thinking about how all these things might occur together or not occur together.
So the natural thing is to build myself some sort of table to keep track of my observations.
So I have three columns in my table.
I've got the possibility of a statue appearing, a hack having occurred, and some sort of art show.
And so I can make a table of all the combinations of those things that might appear.
And I happen to have already guessed that there are going to be eight rows in my table.
So it's going to look like this.
And this is the set of combinations in this row where none of that occurs at all.
And down here is the situation where all of those things occur.
After all, it's possible that we can have an art show and have a hack be a legitimate participant in the art show.
That's why we have that final row.
So we have all manner of combinations in between.
So those are those combinations.
Then we have F, F, T, T, F, F, T, T, F, T, F, T, F, T, F, T.
So it's plain that the number of rows in the table, or these binary possibilities, is 2 to the number of variables.
And that could be a big number.
In fact, I'd love to do a bigger example, but I don't have the patience to do it.
But anyhow, what we might do is in order to figure out how likely any of these combinations are, is we might have observed the area outside the student center and rest of campus over a long period of time and keep track of what happens on 1,000 days.
Or maybe 1,000 months or 1,000 years.
I don't know.
The trouble is, these events don't happen very often.
So the period of time that I use for measurement needs to be fairly long.
Probably a day is not short enough.
But in any case, I can keep a tally of how often I see these various combinations.
So this one might be, for example, 405, this one might be 45, this one might be 225, this one might be 40, and so on.
And so having done all those measurements, kept track of all that data, then I could say, well, the probability that at any given time period one of these things occurs will just be the frequency-- the number of tallies divided by the total number of tallies.
So that would be a number between 0 and 1.
So that's the probability for each of these events.
And it's readily calculated from my data.
And once I do that, then I can say that I got myself a joint probability table, and I could perform all manner of miracles using that joint probability table.
So let me perform a few of those miracles, while we're at it.
There's the table.
And now, what I want to do is I want to count up the probability in all the rows where the statue appears.
So that's going to be the probability of the statue appearing.
So I'll just check off those four boxes there.
And it looks like the probability of the statue appearing is about 0.355 in my model.
I don't think it's quite that frequent, but this is a classroom exercise, right?
So I can make up whatever numbers I want.
Now, I could say, well, what's the probability of a statue occurring given that there's an art show?
Well, I can limit my tallies to those in which art show is true, like so.
And in that case, the probability has just zoomed up.
So if I know there's an art show, there's a much higher probability that a statue will appear.
And if I know there's a hack as well as an art show going on, it goes up higher still to 0.9.
We can also do other kinds of things.
For example, we can go back to the original table.
And instead of counting up the probability we've got a statue, as we just did, we're going to calculate the probability that there is an art show.
I guess that would be that one and that one, not that one, but that one.
So the probability there's an art show is one chance in 10.
Or we can do the same thing with a hack.
In that case, we get that one off, that one on, that one off, that one on, that one off, that one on, that one off.
So the probability of a hack on any given time period is about 50-50.
So I've cooked up this little demo so it does the "ands" of all these things.
It could do "ors," too, with a little more work.
But these are just the "ands" of these various combinations.
Then you can ask more complicated questions, like for example, you could say, what is the probability of a hack given that there's a statue?
And that would be limiting the calculations to those rows in which the statue thing is true.
And then what I get is 0.781.
Now, what would happen to the probability that it's a hack if I know that there's an art show?
Will that number go up or down?
Well, let's try it.
Ah, it went down.
So that's sort of because the existence of the art show sort of explains why the statue might be there.
Now, just for fun, I'm going to switch to another situation, very similar.
And the situation here is that a neighbor's dog often barks.
It might be because of a burglar.
It might be because of a raccoon.
Sometimes, there's a burglar and a raccoon.

So let's do some calculations there and calculate the probability that a raccoon is true, similar to what we did last time.
Looks like on any given night-- it's kind of a wooded are-- there's a high probability of a raccoon showing up.
And then we can ask, well, what is the probability of the dog barking given that a raccoon shows up?
Well, in that case, we want to just limit the number of rows to those where a raccoon-- or where the dog is barking.
Looks like the probability of the dog barking, knowing nothing else, is about [? 3/7. ?] But now we want to know the probability of the raccoon-- that's these guys here need to get checked.
These are off.
So that's the probability of a raccoon.
Did I get that right?
Oh, that's probability of a burglar.
Sorry, that was too hard.
So let me go back and calculate-- I want to get the probability of a raccoon.
That's true, false, true, false, true, false, true.
So the probability of a raccoon, as I said before is 0.5.
Now, what happens to that probability if I know the dog is barking?
Well, all I need to do is limit my rows to those where the dog is barking, those bottom four.
And I'll click that there, and you'll notice all these tallies up above the midpoint have gone to zero, because we're only considering those cases where the dog is barking.
In that case, the probability that there's a raccoon-- just the number of tallies over the total number of tallies-- gee, I guess it's 225 plus 50 divided by 370.
That turns out to be 0.743.
So about 75% of the time, the dog barking is accounted for-- well, the probability of a raccoon under those conditions is pretty high.
And now, once again, I'm going to ask, well, what is the probability of a raccoon, given that the dog is barking and there's a burglar?
Any guess what will happen there?
We did this once before with the statue.
Probability first went up when we saw the statue and then went down when we saw another explanation.
Here's this one here.
Wow, look at that.
It went back to its original condition, its a priori probability.
So somehow, the existence of the burglar and the dog barking means that the probability of a raccoon is just what it was before we started this game.
So those are kind of interesting questions, and there's a lot we can do when we have this table by way of those kinds of calculations.

It's the table.
So why don't we go home?
Well, because there's a little problem with this table-- with these two tables that I've shown you by way of illustration.
And the problem is that there are a lot of rows.
And I had a hard time making up those numbers.
I didn't have the patience to wait and make observations.
That would take too long.
So I had to kind of make some guesses.
And I could kind of manage it with eight rows-- those up there.
I could put in some tallies.
It wasn't that big of a deal.
So I got myself all those eight numbers up there like that.
And similarly, for the art show calculations, produced eight numbers.
But what if I added something else to the mix?
What if I added the day of the week or what I had for breakfast?
Each of those things would double the number of rows of their binary variables.
So if I have to consider 10 influences all working together, then I'd have 2 to the 10th.
I'd have 1,000 numbers to deal with.
And that would be hard.
But if I had a joint probability table, then I can do these kinds of miracles.
But Dave, if I could have this little projector now, please.
I just want to emphasize that although we're talking about probabilistic inference, and it's a very powerful tool, it's not the only tool we need in our bag.
Trouble with most ideas in artificial intelligence is that their hardcore proponents think that they're the only thing to do.
And probabilistic inference has a role to play in developing a theory of human intelligence.
And it certainly has a practical value, but it's not the only thing.
And to illustrate that point, I'd like to imagine for a few moments that MIT were founded in 1861 BC instead of 1861 AD.
And if that were so, then it might be the case that there would be a research program on what floats.
And this, of course, would be a problem in experimental physics, and we could imagine that those people back there in that early MIT would, being experimentally minded, try some things.
Oh, I didn't know that's what happened.
It looks like chalk floats.
Here's a rock.
No, it didn't float.
Here's some money.
Doesn't float.
Here's a pencil.
No, it doesn't float.
Here's a pen.
Here's a piece of tin foil I got from Kendra.
That floats.
That's a metal.
The other stuff's metal, too.
Now I'm really getting confused.
Here's a little wad of paper.
Here's a cell ph-- no, actually, I've tried that before.
They don't float.
And they also don't work afterward, either.
I don't need to do any of that in the MIT of 1861 AD and beyond, because I know that Archimedes worked this all out.
And all I have to do is measure the volume of the stuff, divide that by the weight, and if that ratio is big enough, then the thing will float.
But back in the old days, I would have to try a lot of stuff and make a big table, taking into account such factors as how hard it is, how big it is, how heavy it is, whether it's alive or not.
Most things that are alive float.
Some don't.
Fish don't, for instance.
So it would be foolhardy to do that.
That's sort of a probabilistic inference.
On the other hand, there are lots of things where I don't know all the stuff I need to know in order to make the calculation.
I know all the stuff I need to know in order to decide if something floats, but not all the stuff I need to know in order, for example, to decide if the child of a Republican is likely to be a Republican.
There are a lot of subtle influences there, and it is the case that the children of Republicans and the children of Democrats are more likely to share the political party of their parents.
But I don't have any direct way of calculating whether that will be true or not.
All I can do in that case is what I've done over here, is do some measurements, get some frequencies, take some snapshots of the way the world is and incorporate that into a set of probabilities that can help me determine if any given parent is a Republican, given that I've observed the voting behavior their children.
So probability has a place, but it's not the only tool we need.
And that is an important preamble to all the stuff we're going to do today.
Now, we're really through, because this joint probability table is all that there is to it, except for the fact we can't either record all those numbers, and it becomes quickly a pain to guess at them.
There are two ways to think about all this.
We can think about these probabilities as probabilities that come out of looking at some data.
That's a frequentist view of the probabilities.
Or we could say, well, we can't do those measurements.
So I can just make them up.
That's sort of the subjective view of where these probabilities come from.
And in some cases, some people like to talk about natural propensities, like in quantum mechanics.
But for our purposes, we either make them up, or we do some tallying.
Trouble is, we can't deal with this kind of table.
So as a consequence of not being able to deal with this kind of table, a gigantic industry has emerged for dealing with probabilities without the need to work up this full table.
And that's where we're going to go for the rest of the hour.
And here's the path we're going to take.
We're going to talk about some basic overview of basic probability.
Then we're going to move ourselves step by step toward the so-called belief networks, which make it possible to make this a practical tool.
So let us begin.
The first thing is basic probability.
Let us say basic.
And basic probability-- all probability flows from a small number of axioms.
We have the probability of some event a has got to be greater than 0 and less than 1.
That's axiom number one.
In a binary world, things have a probability of being true.
Some have a probability of being false.
But the true event doesn't have any possibility of being anything other than true, so the probability of true is equal to 1, and the probability of false-- the false event, the false condition-- has no possibility of being true, so that's 0.
Then the third of the axioms of probability is that the probability of a plus the probability of b minus the probability of a and b is equal to the probability of a or b.
Yeah, that makes sense, right?
I guess it would make more sense if I didn't switch my notation in midstream-- a and b.
So those are the axioms that mathematicians love to start up that way, and they can derive everything there is to derive from that.
But I never can deal with stuff that way.
I have to draw a picture and think of this stuff in a more intuitionist type of way.
So that's the formal approach to dealing with probability, and it's mirrored by intuitions that have to do with discussions of spaces, like so, in which we have circles, or areas, representing a and b.
And to keep my notation consistent, I'll make those lowercase.
So you can think of those as spaces of all possible worlds in which these things might occur.
Or you can think of them as sample spaces.
But in any event, you associate with the probability of a the size of this area here relative to the total area in the rectangle-- the universe.
So the probability of a is the size of this circle divided by the size of this rectangle in this picture.
So now all these axioms make sense.
The probability that a is certain is just when that fills up the whole thing, and there's no other place for a sample to be, that means it has to be a.
So that probability goes all the way up to 1.
On the other hand, if the size of a is just an infinitesimal dot, then the chances of landing in that world is 0.
That's the bound on the other end.
So this-- axiom number one-- makes sense in terms of that picture over there.
Likewise, axiom number two.
What about axiom number three?
Does that make sense in terms of all this stuff?
And the answer is, sure, because we can just look at those areas with a little bit of colored chalk.
And so the probability of a is just this area here.
The probability of b is this area here.
And if we want to know the probability that we're in either a or b, then we just have to add up those areas.
But when we add up those areas, this intersection part is added in twice.
So we've got to subtract that off in order to make this thing make a rational equation, so that makes sense.
And axiom three makes sense, just as axioms one and two did.
So that's all there is to basic probability.
And now you could do all sorts of algebra on that, and it's elegant, because it's like circuit theory or electromagnetism, because from a very small number of axioms-- in this case three-- you can build an elegant mathematical system.
And that's what probability subjects do.
But we're not going to go there, because we're sort of focused on getting down to a point where we can deal with that joint probability table that we currently can't deal with.
So we're not going to go into a whole lot of algebra with these things.
Just what we need in order to go through that network.
So the next thing we need to deal with is conditional probability.
And whereas those are axioms, this is a definition.
We say that the probability of a given b is equal to, by definition, the probability of a and b.
I'm using that common notation to mean [INAUDIBLE] as is conventional in the field.
And then we're going to divide that by the probability of B.
You can take that as a definition, and then it's just a little bit of mysterious algebra.
Or you could do like we did up there and take an intuitionist approach and ask what that stuff means in terms of a circle diagram and some sort of space.
And let's see, what does that mean?
It means that we're trying to restrict the probability of a to those circumstances where b is known to be so.
And we're going to say that-- we've got this part here, and then we've got the intersection of a with b.
And so it does make sense as a definition, because it says that if you've got b, then the probability that you're going to get a is the size of that intersection-- the pink and orange stuff-- divided by the whole of b.
So it's as if we restricted the universe of consideration to just that part of the original universe as covered by b.
So that makes sense as a definition.
And we can rewrite that, of course, as P of a and b is equal to the probability of a given b times the probability of b.
That's all basic stuff.
Now, we do want to do a little bit of algebra here, because I want to consider not just two cases, but what if we divide this space up into three parts?
Then we'll say that the probability of a, b, and c is equal to what?
Well, there are lots of ways to think about that.
But one way to think about it is that we are restricting the universe to that part of the world where b and c are both true.
So let's say that y is equal to b and c-- the intersection of b and c, where a and b are both true.
Then we can use this formula over here to say that probability of a, b, and c is equal to the probability of a and y, which is equal to the probability of a given y times the probability of y.
And then we can expand that back out and say that P of a given b and c is equal to the probability-- sorry, times the probability of y, but y is equal to the probability of b and c, like so.
Ah, but wait-- we can run this idea over that one, too, and we can say that this whole works is equal to the probability of a given b and c times the probability of b given c times the probability of c.
And now, when we stand back and let that sing to us, we can see that some magic is beginning to happen here, because we've taken this probability of all things being so, and we've broken up into a product of three probabilities.
The first two are conditional probabilities, so they're really all conditional probabilities.
The last one's conditional on nothing.
But look what happens as we go from left to right.
a is dependent on two things.
b is only dependent on one thing and nothing to the left.
c is dependent on nothing and nothing to the left.
So you can sense a generalization coming.
So let's write it down.
So let's go from here over to here and say that the probability of a whole bunch of things-- x1 through x10-- is equal to some product of probabilities.
We'll let the index i run from n to 1.
Probability of x to the last one in the series, conditioned on all the other ones-- sorry, that's probability of i, i minus 1 down to x1 like so.
And for the first one in this product, i will be equal to n.
For the second one, i will be equal to n minus 1.
But you'll notice that as I go from n toward 1, these conditionals get smaller-- the number of things on condition get smaller, and none of these things are on the left.
They're only stuff that I have on the right.
So what I mean to say is all of these things have an index that's smaller than this index.
None of the ones that have a higher index are appearing in that conditional.
So it's a way of taking a probability of the end of a whole bunch of things and writing it as a product of conditional probabilities.
So we're making good progress.
We've done one.
We've done two.
And now we've done three, because this is the chain rule.
And we're about halfway through our diagram, halfway to the point where we can do something fun.
But we still have a couple more concepts to deal with, and the next concept is the concept of conditional probability.
So that's all this stuff up here-- oops.
All this stuff here is the definition of conditional probability.
And now I want to go to the definition of independence.
So that's another definitional deal.
But it's another definitional deal that makes some sense with a diagram as well.
So the definition goes like this.
We say that P of a given b is equal to P of a if a independent of b.
So that says that the probability of a doesn't depend on what's going on with b.
It's the same either way.
So it's independent.
b doesn't matter.
So what does that look like if we try to do an intuitionist diagram?
Well, let's see.
Here's a.
Here's b.
Now, the probability of a given b-- well, let's see.
That must be this part here divided by this part here.
So the ratio of those areas is the probability of a given b.
So that's the probability of this way divided by the probability of both ways.
So what's the probability of a in terms of these areas?
Well, probability of a in terms of these areas is the probability-- let's see, have I got this right?
I've got this upside down.
The probability of a given b is the probability of the stuff in the intersection-- so that's both ways-- divided by the probability of the stuff in b, which is going this way.
And let's see, the probability of a not conditioned on anything except being in this universe is all these hash marks, like so, divided by the universe.
So when we say that something's independent, it means that those two ratios are the same.
That's all it means in the intuitionist's point of view.
So it says that this little area here divided by this whole area is the same as this whole area for a divided by the size of the universe.
So that's what independence means.
Now, that's quite a lot of work.
But we're not done with independence, because we've got conditional independence to deal with.
And that, too, can be viewed as a definition.
And what we're going to say is that the probability of a given b and z is equal to the probability of a given z.
What's that mean?
That means that if you know that we're dealing with z, then the probability of a doesn't depend on b.
b doesn't matter anymore once you're restricted to being in z.
So you can look at that this way.
Here's a, and here's b, and here is z.
So what we're saying is that we're restricting the world to being in this part of the universe where z is.
So the probability of a given b and z is this piece in here.
a given b and z is that part there.
And the probability of a given z is this part here divided by all of z.
So we're saying that the ratio of this little piece here to this part, which I'll mark that way, ratio of this to this is the same as the ratio of that to that.
So that's conditional independence.
So you can infer from these things, with a little bit of algebra, that P of a and b given z is equal to P of a given z times P of b in z.
Boy, that's been quite a journey, but we got all the way through one, two, three, four, and five.
And now the next thing is belief nets, and I'm going to ask you to forget everything I've said for a minute or two.
And we'll come back to it.
I want to talk about the dog and the burglar and the raccoon again.
And now, forgetting about probability, I can say, look, the dog barks if a raccoon shows up.
The dog barks if a burglar shows up.
A burglar doesn't show up because the dog is barking.
A raccoon doesn't show up because the dog is barking.
So the causality flows from the burglar and the raccoon to the barking.
So we can make a diagram of that.
And our diagram will look like this.
Here is the burglar, and here is the raccoon.
And these have causal relations to the dog barking.
So that's an interesting idea, because now I can say that-- well, I can't say anything yet, because I want to add a little more complexity to it.
I'm going to add two more variables.
You might call the police, depending on how vigorous the dog is barking, I guess.
And the raccoon has a propensity to knocking over the trash can.
So now, I've got five variables.
How big a joint probability table am I going to need to keep my tallies straight?
Well, it'll be 2 to the 5th.
That's 32.
But what I'm going to say is that this diagram is a statement, that every node in it depends on its parents and nothing else that's not a descendant.
Now, I need to say that about 50 times, because you've got to say it right.
Every node there is independent of every non-descendant other then its parents.
No, that's not quite right.
Given its parents, every node is independent of all other non-descendants.
Well, what does that mean?
Here's the deal with calling the police.
Here's its one and only parent.
So given this parent, the probability that they were going to call the police doesn't depend on anything like B, R, or T. It's because all of the causality is flowing through this dog barking.
I'm not going to call the police in a way that's dependent on anything else other than whether the dog is barking or not.
Because this guy has this as a parent, and these are not descendants of calling the police, so this is independent of B, R, and T.
So let's go walk through the others.
Here's the dog.
The dog's parents are burger appearing and raccoon appearing.
So the probability that the dog appears is independent of that trash can over there, because that's not a descendant.
It is dependent on these parents.
How about the trash can?
It depends only on the raccoon.
It doesn't depend on any other non-descendant, so therefore, it doesn't depend on D, B, or P. How about B?
It has no parents.
So it depends on nothing else, because everything else is either a non-descendant, because B does not dependent on R and T, because they're not descendants.
It's interesting that B might depend on D and P, because those are descendants.
So it's important to understand that there's this business of independence given the parents of all other non-descendants.
And you'll see why that funny, strange language is important in a minute.
But now, let's see-- I want to make a model of what's going to happen here.
So let me see what kind of probabilities I'm going to have to figure out.
This guy doesn't depend on anything upstream.
So we could just say that all we need there is the probability that a burglar is going to appear.
Let's say it's a fairly high-crime neighborhood-- 1 chance in 10-- 1 day in 10, a burglar appears.
The raccoon doesn't depend on anything other than its own propensity, so its probability, we'll say, is 0.5.
Raccoons love the place, so it shows up about 1 day in 2.
So what about the dog barking?
That depends on whether there's a burglar, and the other parent is whether there's a raccoon.
So we need to keep track of the probability that the dog will bark for all four combinations.
So this will be the burglar, and this will be the raccoon.
This will be false, false, true, true-- oops-- false, false, true, false, false, true, true, true.
So let's say it's a wonderful dog, and it always barks if there's a burglar.
So that would say that the probability here is 1.0, and the probability here is 1.0.

So we'll say that's a chance of 1 in 10.
And then in case there's a burglar, let's say this.
There's no burglar, but there is a raccoon-- he's tired of the raccoons, so he only barks half the time.
Do these numbers, by the way, have to add up to 1?
They clearly don't.
These numbers don't add up to one.
What adds up to 1 is this is the probability that the dog barks.
And then the other phantom probability is out here.
And these have to add up to 1.
So that would be 0.9, that would be 0.0, that would be 0.5, and this would be 0.0.
So because those are just 1 minus the numbers in these columns, I don't bother to write them down.
Well, we still have a couple more things to do.
The probability that we'll call the police depends only on the dog.
So we'll have a column for the dog, and then we'll have a probability of calling the police.
There's a probability for that being false and a probability for that being true.
So if the dog doesn't bark, there's really hardly any chance we'll call the police.
So make that 0, 0, 1.
If the dog is barking, if he barks vigorously enough, maybe 1 chance in 10.
Here, we have the trash can-- the final thing we have to think about.
There's the trash can; rather, the raccoon.
And here's the trash can probability.
Depends on the raccoon being either present or not present.
If the raccoon is not present, the probability the trash can is knocked over by, say, the wind is 1 in 1,000.
If the raccoon is there, oh man, that guy always likes to go in there, so that's 0.8.
So now I'm done specifying this model.
And the question is, how many numbers did I have to specify?
Well, let's see.
I have to specify that one, that one, that one, that one, that one, that one-- that's 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
So I had to specify 10 numbers.
If I just try to build myself a joint probability table straightaway, how many numbers would I have to supply?
Well, it's 2 to the n.
So it's 2 to the 5th, that's 32.
Considerable saving.
By the way, how do you suppose I made that table?
Not by doing all those numbers.
By making this belief network and then using the belief network to calculate those numbers.
And that's why this is a miracle, because with these numbers, I can calculate those numbers instead of making them up or making a whole lot of tally-type measurements.
So I'd like to make sure that that's true.
And I can use this stuff here to calculate the full joint probability table.
So here's how this works.
I have the probability of some combination-- let's say the police, the dog, the burglar, the trash can, and the raccoon.
All the combinations that are possible there will give me an entry in the table-- one row.
But let's see-- there's some miracle here.
Oh, this chain rule.
Let's use the chain rule.
We can write that as a probability that we call the police given d, b, t, and r.
And then the next one in my chain is probability of d given b, t, and r.
Then the next one in the chain is the probability of b given t and r.
And the next one in my chain is P of t given r.
And the final one in my chain is p of r.
Now, we have some conditional independence knowledge, too, don't we?
We know that this probability here depends only on d because there are no descendants.
So therefore, we don't have to think about that, and all the numbers we need here are produced by this table.
How about this one here?
Probability that the dog barks depends only on its parents, b and r, so it doesn't depend on t.
So b, in turn, depends on-- what does it depend on?
It doesn't depend on anything.
So we can scratch those.
Probability of t given r, yeah, there's a probability there, but we can get that from the table.
And finally, P or r.
So that's why I went through all that probability junk, because if we arrange things in the expansion of this, from bottom to top, then we arrange things so that none of these guys depends on a descendant in this formula.
And we have a limited number of things that it depends on above it.
So that's the way we can calculate back the full joint probability table.
And that brings us to the end of the discussion today.
But the thing we're going to think about is, how much saving do we really get out of this?
In this particular case, we only had to devise 10 numbers out of 32.
What if we had 10 properties or 100 properties?
How much saving would we get then?
That's what we'll take up next time, after the quiz on Wednesday.


 These devils go underground and make home, Barren of all landscape, all of the Earth catches Frost. Everything is now frozen. One guy amongst the refugees is a scientist with a backup of secret experiments tested by government for these kinds of situations, only problem? They need to be crafted and its all out in the open. He gives a copy of document “How to Craft” to everyone and they all head out separately to try out their lucks.
Frost Craft
The number one battle royale game!


CRUEL INTENTIONS (1999) Directed by Roger Kumble Review © 1999 Scott J. Promish
CRUEL INTENTIONS is the latest film adaptation of the novel 'Les Liasons Dangereuses.' Instead of playing it straight in its historical context (like 'Dangerous Liaisons' (1988) or 'Valmont' (1989)), however, the story here involves modern day high school students, with a slightly incestuous twist.
Sebastian Valmont (Ryan Philippe) and Kathryn Merteuil (Sarah Michelle Gellar) are bored, rich stepsiblings who control much of the social life in their academic universe. Sebastian is a philanderer who gets whatever girl he wants, and eventually dumps her in the most creative and nasty ways he can think of, while Kathryn's specialty is pure revenge. When the new headmaster's daughter, Annette Hargrove (Reese Witherspoon) appears in a popular magazine article, boasting about her commitment to wait till marriage for sex, Sebastian sees a whole new challenge. Kathryn proposes a wager: if he fails to bed Annette, she gets his vintage Jaguar; if he succeeds, he gets to bed his stepsister, the one girl he's lusted after but could never really have. Though Kathryn wins either way, he agrees.
This is a gleefully immoral and refreshingly mean-spirited film. Parents would no doubt gasp at much of the talk and behavior, while this reviewer was made to giggle uncontrollably throughout. CRUEL INTENTIONS doesn't care about being politically correct, favoring realism over being acceptable. (Several reviewers have decried the homophobic dialogue in the film, apparently forgetting what it was actually like to be in high school.)
It's a shame that such good writing is ruined by two really terrible performances. Philippe's delivery is so flat and unconvincing, it's almost inconceivable that none of his character's previous conquests could see through his act. Similarily, Witherspoon's Annette is extraordinarily dull. When Sebastian finally falls in love with her, one can't help but wonder what he finds so entrancing.
Gellar is good, and Selma Blair is very entertaining as naïve freshman Cecile, whom Kathryn attempts to corrupt to get back at her for stealing an ex-lover. Unfortunately, Philippe and Witherspoon do much to deaden the film; too bad - it could have been quite good.
[Review written 3/28/99]
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


#include <btGearConstraint.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| btGearConstraint (btRigidBody &rbA, btRigidBody &rbB, const btVector3 &axisInA, const btVector3 &axisInB, btScalar ratio=1.f) | |
| Implemented by Erwin Coumans. The idea for the constraint comes from Dimitris Papavasiliou. | |
| virtual void | getInfo1 (btConstraintInfo1 *info) |
| internal method used by the constraint solver, don't use them directly | |
| virtual void | getInfo2 (btConstraintInfo2 *info) |
| internal method used by the constraint solver, don't use them directly | |
| virtual btScalar | getParam (int num, int axis=-1) const |
| return the local value of parameter | |
| virtual const char * | serialize (void *dataBuffer, btSerializer *serializer) const |
| fills the dataBuffer and returns the struct name (and 0 on failure) |
Definition at line 36 of file btGearConstraint.h.


|
ARDP
2.2.1
Another RDF Document Parser
|
RDF is one of the building block of the semantic web
. The designated format XML/RDF
has complex and somewhat hard to read syntax. Therefore several alternative formats were created so that it's easier for humans to read them, but most of them are not compatible with each other. The goal of this thesis is to create tool to serialize Turtle (and N-Triples) syntax to simple triples.
The implementation program called ARDP (another RDF document parser) should be focused on performance and correct handling of Unicode charset. The implementation is done in C
language with use of the newest syntax C11
. It uses the GNU Autotools
as it's build system and clang
as compiler ( GCC
is not tested due to code reliability on clang's features, extensions and syntactic sugar).
The primary development and deployment platforms are Mac OSX
and GNU\Linux
or other *nix
system with support of the Autotools and Clang(LLVM) compiler. The Windows
platform is supported via cygwin
but is not being tested. The primary platforms are tested via Continuous Integration
service Travis-CI
.
Run compile this project one should execute following steps: ``` git clone https://github.com/michto01/ardp.git cd ardp ./autogen.sh mkdir build #optional cd build #optional ../configure # ./configure if optional steps were not taken make make check #optional make install #may require sudo
access ```
Current implementation build status: ![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/michto01/ardp.svg?branch=master)


Package numbers
provide functions for working with integer, float, slice of
integers, and slice of floats.
Currently it have function to,
- sort slice of floats using in-place mergesort algorithm
- sort slice of integer/floats by predefined index
- count number of value occurence in slice of integer/float
- find minimum or maximum value in slice of integer/float
- sum slice of integer/float
See documentation
for more information.


*) in development
Next person I hear say "oh they're *only* a front-end person," I'm gonna make them vertically center text in a variable height element.
.float-container {
float: left;
width: 100%;
background-color: #aaa;
}
.a, .b, .c {
width: 33.33333%;
float: left;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
One sentence.
A medium amount of text, but still nothing really interesting to read here. I promise.
Yummy ipsum lorem kitten, bacon and mushroom. Rainbows rainbows pigeon wereunicorn app surprise, kittens pegasus delight unicorn wereunicorn rainbows. Pigeon unicorn surprise pony pigeon wereunicorn app app.
Most common layout mode today. Used in many frameworks and grid layouts, e.g. bootstrap
.cf:before,
.cf:after {
content: " "; /* 1 */
display: table; /* 2 */
}
.cf:after {
clear: both;
}
/**
* For IE 6/7 only
* Include this rule to trigger hasLayout and contain floats.
*/
.cf {
*zoom: 1;
}
the 4px "bug"
nav a {
display: inline-block;
background: #ccc;
}
table layout to the rescue?!
even supports IE8!
we need to change stack order of elements in RWD
Box One
Box Two
Box Three
Box Four
.boxes {
display: table;
margin: 0 auto;
}
.box {
display: table-cell;
width: 25%;
height: 15em;
text-align: center;
line-height: 15em;
color: #fff;
}
.one { background: #333; }
.two {
background:#fff;
color:#333;
}
.three { background:#aaa; }
.four { background:#dc002e; }
/* 768px */
@media only screen and (max-width:48em) {
.boxes {
display:table;
width:100%;
}
.box {
display:block;
width:100%;
}
.three { display:table-caption; }
.four { display:table-header-group; }
.one { display:table-footer-group; }
}
designed for positioning elements without much interaction with other elements!
elements are taken out of flow
wanna really rely on javascript for layouting?
shouldn't the browser do the layout?!
CSS3 flexbox
CSS grid
The grid property in CSS is the foundation of Grid Layout. It aims at fixing issues with older layout techniques like float and inline-block, which both have issues and weren't really designed for page layout.
The Flexbox Layout (Flexible Box) module (currently a W3C Last Call Working Draft) aims at providing a more efficient way to lay out, align and distribute space among items in a container, even when their size is unknown and/or dynamic (thus the word "flex").
Note: Flexbox layout is most appropriate to the components of an application, and small-scale layouts, while the Grid layout is intended for larger scale layouts.
see it in production...
the flex container has the ability to alter its items to best fill the available space
the flexbox layout is direction-agnostic as opposed to the regular layouts
.container {
display: flex;
}
defining a flex container. all children are flex-items
.container {
flex-direction: row | row-reverse | column | column-reverse;
}
This establishes the main-axis, thus defining the direction flex items are placed in the flex container.
.container{
flex-wrap: nowrap | wrap | wrap-reverse;
}
By default, flex items will all try to fit onto one line. You can change that and allow the items to wrap as needed with this property
flex-flow: <‘flex-direction’> || <‘flex-wrap’>
This is a shorthand for flex-direction and flex-wrap
.container {
justify-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around;
}
This defines the alignment along the main axis.
.container {
align-items: flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch;
}
This defines the default behaviour for how flex items are laid out along the cross axis on the current line.
.container {
align-content: flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between | space-around | stretch;
}
This aligns a flex container's lines within when there is extra space in the cross-axis, similar to how justify-content aligns individual items within the main-axis.
.item {
order: integer;
}
By default, flex items are laid out in the source order. However, the order property controls the order in which they appear in the flex container.
.item {
flex-grow: number; /* default 0 */
}
This defines the ability for a flex item to grow if necessary.
.item {
flex-shrink: number; /* default 1 */
}
This defines the ability for a flex item to shrink if necessary.
.item {
flex-basis: length | auto; /* default auto */
}
This defines the default size of an element before the remaining space is distributed.
.item {
flex: none | [ <'flex-grow'> <'flex-shrink'>? || <'flex-basis'> ]
}
This is the shorthand for flex-grow, flex-shrink and flex-basis combined.
.item {
align-self: auto | flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch;
}
This allows the default alignment (or the one specified by align-items) to be overridden for individual flex items.
.container {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.item {
flex: 0 1 auto;
}
.container {
display: -webkit-box;
display: -webkit-flex;
display: -ms-flexbox;
display: flex;
-webkit-flex-wrap: wrap;
-ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.item {
-webkit-box-flex: 0;
-webkit-flex: 0 1 auto;
-ms-flex: 0 1 auto;
flex: 0 1 auto;
}
write a mixin
@mixin order($val) {
-webkit-box-ordinal-group: $val;
-moz-box-ordinal-group: $val;
-ms-flex-order: $val;
-webkit-order: $val;
order: $val;
}
or use autoprefixer
Slide 1:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/raeallen/6141674518
Slide 2:
https://i.imgur.com/Q3cUg29.gif
Slide 4:
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/B2mW8NiCQAA6IIP.jpg
Slide 14:
http://cdn.alltheragefaces.com/img/faces/large/surprised-reaction-guy-l.png
Slide 15:
http://cdn.meme.am/instances/500x/59141167.jpg
Slide 52:
http://cdn.meme.am/instances/500x/51253042.jpg


%SALUTATION%,
phpMailMerge is a PHP script to send a serial letter in MIME format. Recipients are taken from tagged entries of a CSV database. Depending on the language, a German and English version will be generated. In addition to the HTML message, the email also contains an alternative plain text message. If attachments are defined, they will be added.
Kind regards,
XXX
PHP mail merge script
https://github.com/r84r/phpMailMerge


Black Crowes reuniting for 'Shake your Moneymaker' tour
46-stop tour begins in June
by Lauren M. Johnson, CNN(CNN) - Hey, Black Crowes fans, mark your calendars. The brothers are back.
Rich and Chris Robinson are getting back together to mark the 30th anniversary of their debut album "Shake Your Money Maker," and they are playing the entire album.
The 46-concert tour is scheduled to begin in Austin, Texas, in June and end in Los Angeles in September.
The tour will include new musicians and its announcement is being marked with an intimate show in New York on Monday and one in Los Angeles on Thursday.
Turmoil in the past
The band is known for turmoil and disagreements. They haven't played together since 2013, a little over a year before they publicly announced they were breaking up. The band split vowing to "never play or speak again," but Rich Robinson says that's all behind them now.
"We love this music. We're musicians. We're brothers. We love each other. We love this opportunity ... Changing the context with Chris and I and all new people is a much healthier place for us," he told Rolling Stone.
The Black Crowes produced eight studio albums, four live albums, and sold over 35 million records in the years they were together. Now a new era can begin.


We are commited to deliver efficient solutions for embedded systems.
Our team
* Malith Jayaweera
* Buddika Pathirana
* Randika Navagamuwa
* Tharindu Silva
* Indika Wijesooriya
Our projects
"Giving touch screen technology that personal feel"
"Automating water management tasks through specialised sensors"


Money Play. Should Red double? If doubled, should White take?
pips Red=157 White=171
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
Red has excellent structure while White has a lot of weaknesses. Red leads in the race. However, the whole of his next roll will be taken up entering from the bar (assuming he doesn’t roll a 6).
White’s 3-pt anchor will keep in the game for a very long time.
Red just doesn’t have sufficient market-losing threats here to justify a double although the rollouts have it as quite close which demonstrate how poor White’s position. The correct answer is no double/take.
White’s 3-pt anchor will keep in the game for a very long time.
Red just doesn’t have sufficient market-losing threats here to justify a double although the rollouts have it as quite close which demonstrate how poor White’s position. The correct answer is no double/take.
Cube analysis 2-ply cubeless equity +0.454 0.636 0.260 0.018 - 0.364 0.094 0.003 Cubeful equities: 1. Double, take +0.660 2. Double, pass +1.000 (+0.340) 3. No double +0.657 (-0.003) Proper cube action: Double, take


{% include "openrobots/header.html" %} {% load static %}
Toggle navigation
Home
{% if user.is_authenticated %}
Inventory
Define New Robot
Define New Labware
Modules Inventory
Labware Inventory
Robot Inventory
Request
Station A Protocol File
Station B Protocol File
Station C Protocol File
{% if user.username == "admin" %}
Admin
List of Requests
Upload Protocol Templates
{% endif %}
Robot Usage
Robots Jobs
Robot statistics
{% endif%}
{% include 'registration/login_inline.html' %}
OpenRobots Web Application
{% block content %} {% endblock %}
{% include "openrobots/footer.html" %}
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WATCH GAMEPLAYS |
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An Action RPG for PSP. Made in Japan on 2016. Developed by RomeCom Games. |
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WHO WE ARE? |
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ALCHEMY ROD
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© Alchemy Rod Developed and Designed by Joeylene Rivera |


user www www; worker_processes 2; error_log /var/log/nginx-error.log info; events { use kqueue; worker_connections 2048; } ...
daemon on
| off
daemon on
main
Determines whether nginx should become a daemon. Mainly used during development.
env VAR
[=VALUE
]
env TZ
main
Allows to limit a set of environment variables, change their values, or create new environment variables, for the following cases:
The TZ variable is always inherited and made available to the module ngx_http_perl_module, unless configured explicitly.
Usage example:
env MALLOC_OPTIONS; env PERL5LIB=/data/site/modules; env OPENSSL_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS=1;
include file
| mask
Includes another file
, or files matching the
specified mask
, into configuration.
Included files should consist of
syntactically correct directives and blocks.
Usage example:
include mime.types; include vhosts/*.conf;
master_process on
| off
master_process on
main
Determines whether worker processes are started. This directive is intended for nginx developers.
pid file
pid nginx.pid
main
Defines a file
which will store the process ID of the main process.
ssl_engine device
main
Defines the name of the hardware SSL accelerator.
user user
[group
]
user nobody nobody
main
Defines user
and group
credentials used by worker processes.
If group
is omitted, a group whose name equals
that of user
is used.
timer_resolution interval
main
Reduces timer resolution in worker processes, thus reducing the
number of gettimeofday()
system calls made.
By default, gettimeofday()
is called each time
on receiving a kernel event.
With reduced resolution, gettimeofday()
is only
called once per specified interval
.
Example:
timer_resolution 100ms;
An internal implementation of interval depends on the method used:
EVFILT_TIMER
filter if kqueue
is used;
timer_create()
if eventport
is used;
setitimer()
otherwise.
worker_rlimit_core size
main
Changes the limit on the largest size of a core file
(RLIMIT_CORE
) for worker processes.
Used to increase the limit without restarting the main process.
worker_rlimit_nofile number
main
Changes the limit on the maximum number of open files
(RLIMIT_NOFILE
) for worker processes.
Used to increase the limit without restarting the main process.
worker_priority number
worker_priority 0
main
Defines a scheduling priority for worker processes like is
done by the nice
: a negative
number
means higher priority.
Allowed range normally varies from -20 to 20.
Example:
worker_priority -10;
worker_processes number
worker_processes 1
main
Defines the number of worker processes.
working_directory directory
main
Defines a current working directory for a worker process. It is primarily used when writing a core-file, in which case a working process should have write permission for the specified directory.


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WebRTC JavaScript Library
SonotoneJS is a JavaScript library that hides the client side WebRTC complexity in order to help you building Web Applications that use the power of WebRTC.
SonotoneJS provides you an easy way to make video or multiparty calls, screen sharing or exchanging real time data using DataChannels between your peers.
SonotoneJS can manage the signaling part of WebRTC for you or let you define your own transport layer.
SonotoneJS provides you statistics (bandwidth, quality, volume) directly usable by your Web Application.
Once downloaded the Github zip file, open it, get the Sonotone.js file and load it with your scripts.
<script type="text/javascript" src="sonotone.js"></script>
$ npm install -g grunt-cli
$ npm install
$ grunt
If you have already installed Grunt.js, you don't have to install the Grunt-Cli. Just run npm install
and grunt
. That's all!
All you have to do is to instantiate a new Sonotone Object with your user identity. The identity you use is sent to others peers and should be unique.
var id = 'your user id';
var sono = new Sonotone.IO(id);
You can now play with WebRTC.
The SonotoneJS library is splitted into several parts. Each part is dedicated to a specific usage: The IO
is the main part that let you control your WebRTC media. The LocalMedia
manages the video from the camera or from the screen.
The Transport API lets you define your transport layer depending on you already have a transport layer or not.
Define a WebSocketTransport
that lets you connect to your Node.js server using Websocket or to the demo server provided here.
sono.transport('websocket', Object);
You have to define the some default parameters in order to connect to your websocket server: The {String} host
to define your server IP address or hostname and the {String} port
representing the port number used.
sono.transport('websocket', {host: '<IP_ADDRESS>', port: '1337'});
Once the WebSocketTransport
is define, you can connect to your server
sono.transport().connect();
You can configure and connect to your server in one line of code
sono.transport('websocket', {host: '<IP_ADDRESS>', port: '1337'}).connect();
You can send your own message using the WebSocketTransport
sono.transport().send( Object );
Messages exchanged using the WebSocketTransport
should have the following format
{
caller:..., // The caller ID (mandatory)
callee:..., // The callee ID or 'all' (mandatory)
data: {
type:..., // The message type (mandatory)
}
}
The WebSocketTransport
can trigger events that can be handled by the Web Application. All you have to do is to define your callback.
When the channel is opened
sono.on('onTransportReady', myCallbackFunction)
When the channel is closed
sono.on('onTransportClose', myCallbackFunction)
When there is an error on the channel
sono.on('onTransportError', myCallbackFunction)
For specific messages that are not handled by Sonotone
sono.on('onMessage', myCallbackFunction)
Define a Remote transport
if you want to use your existing signaling layer. For example, you have an XMPP server, you're using SocketIO or your are connected with an HTTP server that is able to send and receive events to others connected users (to replace the signaling layer of SonotoneJS). If you are in that case, you have to use a Remote transport
in order enable SonotoneJS to communicate to your server.
sono.transport('remote', Object);
You have to define two parameters in order to configure your Remote Transport. A {Function} sendCallback
which represents the function that will be called by SonotoneJS each time SonotoneJS wants to send data to your signaling layer and the {Object} context
for calling your function.
sono.transport('remote', {
sendCallback: myCallbackFunction,
context: this
});
Your callback function will be called with a JSON Object
that has to be seen thru your signaling layer to the other peer.
You need to create a localMedia
and a remoteMedia
object in order to access to your camera, your screen or the videos that come from others peers.


We use current data to find the best US city to live in according to your occupation.
Info
Best City helps users find the perfect city for them based upon their occupation, using salary and rental costs to determine the best U.S. cities to live in.
About
Best City was developed by Morgan Waites using Flask, a Python web framework. Salary and occupational data was obtained from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Rental data was obtained from Zillow through the Quandl API.


(PECL getdns >= 0.11.0)
php_getdns_util_convert_array — Convert a PHP array to a getdns dictionary or list.
$phpArray
, int &$dictOrList
)This function converts a PHP array to a getdns dictionary or list. The value returned depends on the type of array passed to the function. An indexed array will be converted to a list. An associative array will be converted to a dictionary. Sub-arrays will be also be converted to the corresponding getdns data type.
phpArray
The PHP array to be converted to a dictionary or list. Arrays may contain integers (which will be converted to the getdns t_int data type), strings (which will be converted to the getdns t_bindata data type), and arrays (which will be converted to either a t_dict or a t_list depending on the array type).
dictOrList
The reference to the returned getdns dictionary or list. Note that this argument is passed by reference and any existing value will be overwritten. The caller is responsible for freeing the getdns dictionary or list using php_getdns_dict_destroy() or php_getdns_list_destroy() as appropriate.
This function returns an integer response code. GETDNS_RETURN_GOOD indicates successful completion.


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: File Adapter And Partial Stream Reads author: display_name: Tomas Restrepo login: tomasr email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: http://winterdom.com/ author_login: tomasr author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://winterdom.com/ wordpress_id: 1018 wordpress_url: http://winterdom.com/2006/09/fileadapterandpartialstreamreads date: '2006-09-15 19:35:00 +0000' date_gmt: '2006-09-15 19:35:00 +0000' categories: - BizTalk tags: [] comments: [] ---
I've been playing for the last couple of days with BizTalk Server 2006, building a custom encoder pipeline component. One of the things I've been trying to do is finding a way to do all encoding operations in a streaming fashion, by building a pass-through stream implementation that only reads and encodes small portions of the message as they are read by the outbound adapter.
One of the options I've been experimenting with was to do partial reads and writes on an intermediate memory stream: Instead of reading and encoding the entire body part of the message in a single pass in memory, and then returning that from the encoder component, I only read from the original stream as much as the adapter asks me for on the Stream.Read() implementation, encode and write than into the intermediate memory stream, and then read back from it and return it to the adapter.
I realize it sounds a little convoluted, but it's the easiest way to do it with the library I'm using to do the encoding. One of the reasons why this works fairly well is that the encoding process does some compression, and so, it will be the case that whatever I read and encode from the original stream will be smaller than what originally asked for. For example, if someone tried to read 64KB from my custom encoding stream, I might return just a couple of KB even if there's further data in the original stream. Granted, it is not the most efficient implementation, but it ensures I use little memory during the encoding operations.
Note: This is not a problem in the .NET Stream API; if you're reading from a stream you must be prepared to deal with partial reads. A partial read does not mean that you've read the end of the stream nor that a problem was encountered.
Now, I know this works, as I unit tested the encoding stream and component in isolation (using my PipelineTesting library). However, when I went to try my custom pipeline component in a real messaging scenario with the File adapter, it failed, and miserably: The BizTalk host would pretty much crash (after a huge spike of 100% processor usage) with the following error: "The parameter is incorrent". Humm, not much useful.
At this point I took out the debugger and attached to BTSNTSvc.exe to try and repro the error. I was able to track my custom pipeline component getting called, and see BizTalk read off my custom stream. At this point I noticed weird things.
The first thing I noticed was that the file adapter (or is it the BizTalk messaging engine itself?) uses very small buffers to read of the message streams. Indeed, it only reads it in 4KB chunks. That seems rather small to me, particularly considering the fact that the FILE adapter is an unmanaged adapter and so each Read() call into the stream will cause unmanaged<->managed transitions which are costly. I would've expected it to at least use buffers of 64KB, but maybe there's a good reason for that.
That by itself was not too much of an issue; my component was perfectly capable of dealing with that and indeed I had unit tests using both 4KB and 64KB buffers (though I believe it is the cause of the poor performance and hight CPU usage I noticed). The real problem was that my stream would almost always do a partial read, and the adapter seemed unable to cope for that, as it started asking for weird buffer sizes on consecutive Read() calls.
Let's see a small table that explains how it called each time (this was on a run with a 5MB file):
| Iteration | Buffer Size | Offset | Count | Bytes Read |
| 1 | 4096 | 0 | 4096 | 38 |
| 2 | 4096 | 0 | 4058 | 383 |
| 3 | 4096 | 0 | 3674 | 47 |
| 4 | 4096 | 0 | 3628 | 50 |
| 5 | 4096 | 0 | 3578 | 50 |
| 6 | 4096 | 0 | 3528 | 50 |
As you can probably guess by now, what seems to be happening is that if the stream does a partial read, then the next time around the adapter asks for a read of (buffer.Size-bytesRead) length (or close enough). Eventually, that length reaches zero if the stream hasn't been totally consumed, which in this case causes an exception as it is an invalid parameter value. I'm not sure if this is a bug in the file adapter, or if it's simply a side-effect of the way the managed<->unmanaged code interaction happens at the messaging engine, but I though it was something worth looking at more closely.
I'm planning on working around this by doing a some extra things to try as much as possible to do full reads and avoid the partial ones (as the ones I'm doing now are obviously innefficient, but that's caused partly because the input file is highly compressible). Hopefully that should make this a non-issue.
Technorati: BizTalk


The end goal of this project is to send an image to the Philips Hue lighting system, before this can be done the lighting system must be configured.
Configure the bridge before changing the lighting. The default value for the bridge IP address is change to the IP address of your bridge before moving to the next step (source Developers MeetHue - Configuration).
Configure the bridge before changing the lighting. This function adds the user to the bridge. Configure with a new username. (source Developers MeetHue - Configuration). Add a new user
Get the configuration details for the connected bridge. (source Developers MeetHue - Configuration). Get Config
Get the lighting information for this user on the connected bridge. (source Developers MeetHue - Lights). Get All Lights
Send green color change to one test light. (source Developers MeetHue - Lights). Change Color
Send blue color change to all detected lights. (source Developers MeetHue - Lights). Change All Colors
Send the selected image to the bridge. (source Developers MeetHue - Lights). Send Image
Subscribe to weather forecasts. Receive weather forecasts for selected postcode weather forecasts with weather icons; (source Developers MeetHue - Lights).


Files CCore/inc/CmdInput.h CCore/src/CmdInput.cpp
CmdInput is a simple character input processing class. It recognizes a given set of commands. It works with some target class. The target builds the command set and provides methods to execute them.
class CmdInput : NoCopy
{
....
public:
struct Target
{
virtual void buildCmdList(CmdInput &input)=0;
template <class T>
void addCommand(CmdInput &input,StrLen cmd,void (T::*method)(StrLen arg));
};
using TargetMethod = void (Target::*)(StrLen arg) ;
// constructors
explicit CmdInput(Target &target);
~CmdInput();
// methods
void start();
bool put(Symbol ch);
void put(StrLen str);
bool back();
struct CompleteResult
{
ulen count;
StrLen str;
....
};
CompleteResult complete() const;
struct FinishResult
{
....
// methods
bool operator + () const;
bool operator ! () const;
void operator () (StrLen arg);
template <class Report>
void operator () (StrLen arg,Report &report);
};
FinishResult finish();
};
CmdInput constructor takes a reference to the target. It calls the target virtual method buildCmdList() to prepare the command set. Target must use the method addCommand() to add a command to the set. An example:
class Target : public NoCopyBase<CmdInput::Target>
{
private:
void empty(StrLen);
void help(StrLen arg);
void stat(StrLen arg);
void exit(StrLen arg);
virtual void buildCmdList(CmdInput &input)
{
addCommand(input,"",&Target::empty);
addCommand(input,"help",&Target::help);
addCommand(input,"stat",&Target::stat);
addCommand(input,"exit",&Target::exit);
}
};
The strings cmd must be persistent (at least for the life-time of the CmdInput object), usually they are string literals. You should define an empty command to react on the empty command line.
The following methods are to process a character input:
start() starts an input command.
put(char) adds a character. The return value is true, if the input is valid, i.e. can be completed to a command.
put(StrLen) adds a string of characters.
back() backs one character. The return value is false, if the input is empty and cannot be backed.
Two last methods are to complete the input.
complete() checks if the input is valid. The return value is a structure with two fields: count is the number of commands, which can be received by completing the input, str is the completing string, if the count equals 1. This method can be used to implement the auto-completion.
finish() checks if the input is a command. The return value is non-null in this case and can be used to call the correspondent target method to execute the command. There are two variants of the call. The first operator () (StrLen arg) is to call the method with the argument. The second operator () (StrLen arg,Report &report) does the call inside a try-catch block, report is an ReportException class.
CmdInputCon is a complex class, it combines the CmdInput and some console reader class.
template <ReadConType ReadCon,ulen MaxArgLen=80>
class CmdInputCon : NoCopy
{
....
public:
template <class ... SS>
CmdInputCon(CmdInput::Target &target,StrLen prompt_str,SS && ... ss);
~CmdInputCon();
void setBadChar(char bad_char);
template <class ... SS>
void command(SS && ... ss);
};
The first argument of the constructor is a target, the second is a prompt string. This string must be persistent for the life-time of the object. Other arguments a forwarded to the inner console reader object.
"Bad character" is printed during command input, if the entered string is not correct. For example, if the command set is "start", "exit" and the string "s" is entered, then typing any character, other than 't' is echoed using the bad character. By default, the bad character is '?'. The method setBadChar() resets it to the given character.
The main method is the command(). It enters and executes a single command from the console. An additional ReportException argument may be provided to execute a command in a try-catch block.
A complete example of using this class.
class Target : public NoCopyBase<CmdInput::Target> { bool run_flag; private: void empty(StrLen) {} void help(StrLen arg) { Printf(Con,"help #.q;\n",arg); } void exit(StrLen arg) { Printf(Con,"exit #.q;\n",arg); run_flag=false; } virtual void buildCmdList(CmdInput &input) { addCommand(input,"",&Target::empty); addCommand(input,"help",&Target::help); addCommand(input,"exit",&Target::exit); } public: Target() : run_flag(true) {} ~Target() {} bool operator + () const { return run_flag; } bool operator ! () const { return !run_flag; } }; class Test : NoCopy { Target target; CmdInputCon<ReadCon> input; public: Test() : input(target,"test> ") { } ~Test() { } void run() { while( +target ) { input.command(); } } }; int main() { Test test; test.run(); return 0; }


| DOSE: T+ 0:00 |
1 tablet |
oral |
MDMA |
(pill / tablet) |
| T+ 4:00 |
1 tablet |
oral |
MDMA |
(pill / tablet) |
| T+ 24:00 |
1 tablet |
oral |
MDMA |
(pill / tablet) |
| T+ 28:00 |
1 tablet |
oral |
MDMA |
(pill / tablet) |
| T+ 32:30 |
0.5 tablets |
oral |
MDMA |
(pill / tablet) |
Divorced in my mid forties and living in Asia. High stress position in University setting. On vacation in Batam, Indonesia.
Took an invitation to experience Ecstasy (for the first time) with a beautiful young Indonesian/Malay woman in late 20's about 10 p.m. at the local club. One hour later...Erica and I are tracing the beauty of her high cheekbones with both of our entwined fingers. I was only drinking water.
I felt mounting insight just after the drug 'rushed' palpabally into my extremeties. I had friends visiting with me on this 'boys' weekend in Indonesia from USA and our mutual love for each other became quite easy to express. I individually told each guy how much I appreciate and care for them and two of them..not on MDMA..kind of shrugged me off. My other and closest buddy (who took MDMA) smiled and allowed me to hang physically close to him without any reservations and it just continued to grow as an experience of pure love.
Then I hit the rave floor! Whoa! Danced up to assorted women and Indonesian men and touched foreheads and rythymically and synchronously moved our heads back and forth. I would just look at a person and their smile back seemed to be a conversation of deep and spiritual insightful processing.
Shared an Ecstasy pill with Erica about T + 4:00 Hours after first ingestion. The half took me to closing at 0630 a.m.
In our hotel room. Turned off all lights,lit candle and got the baby oil. She is a strong Island girl from Aceh and I weightlift so we just took our mutual knowledge of deep muscle massage and touched for hours, but with incredible force and torque. Before I would 'bust a move' and pick her upside down to force blood to her head so I could deep massage her skull and brush her long black hair...she would shift her body as if knowing my plan. Quite incredible.
Later...after lovemaking which inevitably followed..she indicated that she has insight with jungle animals moods and desires and learned to 'talk' to them in her native village as a girl.
'I hold snake and tell him I understand and he stops hissing and accepts me.'
Hmmmmmm. O.K. But knowing the Indonesian culture, it felt that as a 'bule' or 'white ghost' (Caucasian)...I was gaining insight into things that previously were hidden from my American culture.
Whatever. Rested could not sleep. Had psychic closed eyes conscious hallucinations or 'brain movies.' Felt unburdened by all that had burdened me but in a way that gave me hope to deal positively with what I would face tomorrow. Ordered room service and massaged and touched all day. Went out that night again at 10 p.m. and did it all over again.
But this time stayed at Erica's side and we both swayed and stayed extremely physically close, with the same level of MDMA..but with an added half hit as we left at 0630 am. But that extra hit put Erica in great need of having her hands deep massaged in order to lull her to sleep. Slept till noon and we parted.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


This is a buddhist temple that is popularly know for its fortified structures where people come to learn and worship
picture source. google.com


Assessor
Clerk
Comissioners
Coroner
Prosecuting Attorney
Sheriff
Treasure
Canyon County Idaho
Clerk
County Clerk Offices
Auditor
Courts
Elections
Recorder
Passports
Sheriff
Sheriff Departments
Administration
Detention Center
Emergency Management
Patrol, Disptach, & Investigations
Suicide Prevention
Warrants Unit
Prosecuting Attorney
I'm sure something will go here
Get in touch!

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NEW C# LANGUAGE FEATURES
Here. At OOPSLA late last year, the C# team made a splash by announcing some of the features they'll be adding to the compiler in the next next version of C# (not Everett). This link has that presentation as well as a very nice white paper discussing the new features in detail.


Statement lead-in:
"Petition text"
You'll receive periodic updates on offers and activism opportunities.
Email Validation Test form


| Total net profit | -61.33 | Gross profit | 11.94 | Gross loss | -73.27 |
| Profit factor | 0.16 | Expected payoff | -2.27 | ||
| Absolute drawdown | -61.33 | Maximal drawdown (%) | 57.7 (-1589.53%) | ||
| Total trades | 27 | Profit trades (% of total) | 5 (18.52%) | Loss trades (% of total) | 22 (81.48%) |
| Long positions (won %) | 13 (7.69%) | Short positions (won %) | 14 (28.57%) | ||
| Largest | profit trade | 3.65 | loss trade | -10.57 | |
| Average | profit trade | 2.39 | loss trade | -3.33 | |
| Minimum | profit trade | 0.57 | loss trade | -0.14 | |
| Maximum | take profit in pips | 14.9 | stop loss in pips | -47.0 | |
| Average | take profit in pips | 2.9 | stop loss in pips | -26.0 | |
| Minimum | take profit in pips | -8.7 | stop loss in pips | -8.3 | |
| Maximum | Reward-Risk | 0.9 | Duration in minutes | 15771 | |
| Average | Reward-Risk | 0.2 | Duration in minutes | 2502.0 | |
| Minimum | Reward-Risk | 0.0 | Duration in minutes | 6 | |
| Maximum | consecutive wins (profit in money) | 1.0 (3.02) | consecutive losses (loss in money) | 9.0 (-24.1) | |
| Average | consecutive wins | 1.0 | consecutive losses | 3.0 |
| Total net profit | -17.37 | Gross profit | 0.57 | Gross loss | -17.94 |
| Profit factor | 0.03 | Expected payoff | -1.34 | ||
| Absolute drawdown | -17.37 | Maximal drawdown (%) | 16.74 (-2657.14%) | ||
| Total trades | 13 | Profit trades (% of total) | 1 (7.69%) | Loss trades (% of total) | 12 (92.31%) |
| Largest | profit trade | 0.57 | loss trade | -4.7 | |
| Average | profit trade | 0.57 | loss trade | -1.5 | |
| Minimum | profit trade | 0.57 | loss trade | -0.14 | |
| Maximum | take profit in pips | 5.4 | stop loss in pips | -47.0 | |
| Average | take profit in pips | -3.0 | stop loss in pips | -29.2 | |
| Minimum | take profit in pips | -8.7 | stop loss in pips | -15.0 | |
| Maximum | Reward-Risk | 0.4 | Duration in minutes | 6643.0 | |
| Average | Reward-Risk | 0.0 | Duration in minutes | 1654.8 | |
| Minimum | Reward-Risk | 0.0 | Duration in minutes | 128.0 | |
| Maximum | consecutive wins (profit in money) | 1.0 (0.57) | consecutive losses (loss in money) | 10.0 (-14.71) | |
| Average | consecutive wins | 1.0 | consecutive losses | 10.0 |
| Total net profit | -43.96 | Gross profit | 11.37 | Gross loss | -55.33 |
| Profit factor | 0.21 | Expected payoff | -3.14 | ||
| Absolute drawdown | -45.16 | Maximal drawdown (%) | 41.53 (-1144.08%) | ||
| Total trades | 14 | Profit trades (% of total) | 4 (28.57%) | Loss trades (% of total) | 10 (71.43%) |
| Largest | profit trade | 3.65 | loss trade | -10.57 | |
| Average | profit trade | 2.84 | loss trade | -5.53 | |
| Minimum | profit trade | 1.93 | loss trade | -1.66 | |
| Maximum | take profit in pips | 14.9 | stop loss in pips | -37.0 | |
| Average | take profit in pips | 8.4 | stop loss in pips | -23.1 | |
| Minimum | take profit in pips | 4.1 | stop loss in pips | -8.3 | |
| Maximum | Reward-Risk | 0.9 | Duration in minutes | 15771.0 | |
| Average | Reward-Risk | 0.4 | Duration in minutes | 3288.6 | |
| Minimum | Reward-Risk | Duration in minutes | 6.0 | ||
| Maximum | consecutive wins (profit in money) | 2.0 (5.79) | consecutive losses (loss in money) | 5.0 (-28.87) | |
| Average | consecutive wins | 1.0 | consecutive losses | 3.0 |


Code - Dance - Learn
Hey all, I am a master's student at Northeastern University, Boston. I am a software developer and worked with Factset for 3 years after my undergrad. During my grad studies, I worked as a Software Engineer Co-op with Spectro Scientific Inc. for 6 months in the Oil Analysis industry. I love having new experiences in my life and seek to slide out of my comfort zone. I am trained in a few Indian classical dance forms and love to dance in my free time..
Worked with the Software Engineering team in developing and enhancing the software that controls the oil analyzers.
Worked with content collection services and developed software tools to support financial data collection.
Simulated object tracking and position control for home automation using MATLAB graphic libraries.


Basic example via data attributes: (type 'Alas...')
Model: {{selected | json}}
<input type="text" ng-model="selected" uib-typeahead="state for state in main.states | filter:$viewValue | limitTo:8" class="form-control" />
Basic asynchronous results example (type 'item...')
Model: {{asyncSelected | json}}
<input type="text" ng-model="asyncSelected" placeholder="Locations loaded via $http" uib-typeahead="address for address in main.getLocation($viewValue)" typeahead-loading="loadingLocations" typeahead-no-results="noResults" class="form-control" />


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{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %} {% if isFirstPage %} Welcome to the test blog. It shows several features of BrambleMVC such as neat seo friendly urls, dynamically created views and view template reuse. {% endif %} {% for post in posts %} {{post.title}} {{post.dateString}} {{post.content | truncate(100, true)}} {% endfor %} {% if hasPreviousPage %} newer {% else %} newer {% endif %} | {% if hasNextPage %} older {% else %} older {% endif %} {% endblock %}
Welcome to the test blog. It shows several features of BrambleMVC such as neat seo friendly urls, dynamically created views and view template reuse.
{{post.content | truncate(100, true)}}


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
I discovered the world of computer programming in January 2018 and enrolled as a student at the Flatiron School a month later. I am 24 years old and I live in New York City.


Fireworks is a particle engine based on a very slim core and rich set of flexible plugins. You can easily make your own plugins to fit your own needs and go wild on creativity.
Learn more »
This is a very basic example with a rendering in Canvas2D
This is a explosion animation with a spritesheet and a rendering in Canvas2D
This is a very basic example with a rendering in three.js particle system
This is a very basic example with a rendering in three.js object3D
This is an attempts to reproduce tremulous flamethrower in Canvas2D
This is an attempts to reproduce tremulous flamethrower in webgl
It shows how to code a single flame emitter
It shows how to code a black smoke emitter
It shows how to code Space Portal emitter
This is a copy of the cloud demo from mrdoob. It shows how to code the effect with fireworks.js


on the right you'll see a collection of some of my favorite photos i have taken over the years. I snuck in one of myself for context.
the "javascript Team Week Project" link is to a project i did in my 8th week at Epicodus in which a small group of fellow Cohort and i built an Application. It takes an image or video and with one button compress and size file into smaller file size an type. It uses a javascript enviroment and the Cloudinary API. Directions to use it are in its README file.
The 2nd Project is a currency convertor web based application. It uses an API call to a service to give up to the moment conversion rates for 5 different currencies. It was one of the last projects i did in Intermediate Javascript and feel really proud at what it does and that i got it to actually work terrific. Moving forward i have a few goals in program i picked up from this project.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block title %}Welcome − {% endblock %} {% block main_content %}
Thank you for participating in Getting Unstuck! To explore some of what you made and learned, enter your username here.


Even though harddisks can contain day by day a huger amount of data, cruncher and archives still are important tools to handle large data file or collections of files.
Basically we have at least two kind of archives. One crunchs files and then archives them, so that they are still single separate entities inside the archive. The other one collects files into the archive and then crunchs it as a whole.
The former has the advantage of making it possible to extract single files and look at the content (list), without decrunching the whole archive. The latter has the advantage of crunching better, since several algorythms can improve their performance treating a greater amount of data.
Archivers like zip, rar, lha, lzx and surely a lot more are of the first kind: files can be extracted without decrunching the whole archive. The most common archive formats of the latter kind are the .tgz (tar.gz), tbz (tar.bz2) and surely others.
Indeed these formats, very common on *N*X systems, are the combination of two different passages: 1) collecting files/dir in a tar file; 2) crunching the collection with a compressor. This is usually done with a single stroke of tar -czf archive.tar.gz or tar -cjf archive.tar.bz2.
When you find a tar.gz/bz2, the only thing you can do is to decrunch it, then you can access its content. Normally this is ok; but sometimes we have to cope with huge archive, and the ability of extracting single files, as listing the content without having the needed space on your harddisk, could be important.
How can we reach the aim without inventing a new piece of software? Simply we can try to swap the passages: before we crunch all files with gzip/bz2, then we put it in a tar. This is fine, but then tar is not the most suitable choice. Try cpio instead. It is not a case that RPM is basically a sort of cpio!
This is as simple as it seems.
find ./ -depth |cpio -ov >the.cpio
This is exactly what info file says. Then we extract the archive with
cpio -idv <the.cpio
Easy. We can list the content (-t) and we can add pattern to extract single files (see info cpio). What we have to do before creating the archive is to crunch files, or they will be in the archive uncrunched.
The given script tries to do all automatically, but it is a proof of concept rather than a real and really useful tool.
The use is simply
marc.sh ACTION [OPTIONS] ARCHIVE [FILES]
ACTION can be list, extract and create. Run it without argument for a help. Examples are in testdir. There's a tar.gz of the same contents too, notice it's length. Of course when you are treating not so huge archives, if you don't need to consider the archive as a collection of single files, you still would use tar.gz/bz2. It is the best choice when it is supposed your archive must be unpacked as a whole.
Anyway for persons like me that always are looking inside things and in the meantime have no room on their hd, archivers like zip, rar, cpio and so on are someway better...
Just consider this way for some purposes (as RPMs do).


When no response is received within the deadline, a warning is logged that the mail may be delivered multiple times.
In case of problems the client does NOT try the next address on the mail exchanger list.


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} Cookies - NHS.UK prototype kit {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %} {{ breadcrumb({ href: "/docs", text: "Home" }) }} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Cookies are small files saved on your phone, tablet or computer when you visit a website.
They store information about how you use the website. Some of them can be turned on and off.
The NHS.UK prototype kit only stores cookies that are essential to make the site work properly. This means they cannot be turned off.
You can’t be identified by the cookies used on the NHS.UK prototype kit.
| Name | Purpose | Expires |
|---|---|---|
| nhsuk-prototype-kit-4e48532e554b2070726f746f74797065206b6974 | It remembers your answers across multi-page forms | 4 hours |


Values inside firebase can be displayed in your web page by surrounding them with double curly braces {{firebaseValue}}. Whenever the value is updated in firebase, the value on your web page will update too without even hitting refresh. Firebase allows names to have spaces but firefight can't display them. Node “firebase value” would not work. Important: If the value inside the brackets does not exist, an error will occur causing other aspects of your web page not to work. A value exists if it is in firebase or in an element like <input>.
Change "someValue" inside the firebase emulator, hit enter and notice how the result changes.
< Back To DOCS


Jeb Tree • 3 months ago
Jeb was up against another bigger and experienced fighter. Jeb controlled the space very well, but had trouble creating danger.
Jeb Tree • 3 months ago
Jeb showed his incredible footwork again in this match. At first he was having a little trouble getting past his StonyBrook's....
Jeb Tree • 3 months ago
Jeb started off the match strong against Villanova with a 11-9 win - he opened up the score more with increased efficiency on the ....


Simple interface to writing GIMP plug-ins in Python.
Instead of worrying about all the user interaction, saving last used values and everything, the gimpfu module can take care of it for you. It provides a simple register() function that will register your plug-in if needed, and cause your plug-in function to be called when needed.
Gimpfu will also handle showing a user interface for editing plug-in parameters if the plug-in is called interactively, and will also save the last used parameters, so the RUN_WITH_LAST_VALUES run_type will work correctly. It will also make sure that the displays are flushed on completion if the plug-in was run interactively.
When registering the plug-in, you do not need to worry about specifying the run_type parameter.
from gimpfu import *
"plugin_func", "blurb", "help message", "author", "copyright", "year", "My plug-in", "*", [
], [], plugin_func, menu="<Image>/Somewhere")
main()
The call to "from gimpfu import *" will import all the gimp constants into the plug-in namespace, and also import the symbols gimp, pdb, register and main. This should be just about all any plug-in needs.
You can use any of the PF_* constants below as parameter types, and an appropriate user interface element will be displayed when the plug-in is run in interactive mode. Note that the the PF_SPINNER and PF_SLIDER types expect a fifth element in their description tuple – a 3-tuple of the form (lower,upper,step), which defines the limits for the slider or spinner.
If want to localize your plug-in, add an optional domain parameter to the register call. It can be the name of the translation domain or a tuple that consists of the translation domain and the directory where the translations are installed.


The occurrence store should now be setup. This application consists of 3 web applications now running in Tomcat:
As part of the installation the following tools are installed:
Cassandra can be accessed directly using the command-line tool cassandra-cli.The collectory is now setup and installed. This is an application for editing metadata for collections, institutions and data resources.
As part of the installation the following tools are installed:
MySQL can be accessed directly using the command-line tool "mysql".The sandbox can be used to quickly load a dataset into the occurrence store for visualisation.
There is support for loading CSV data.


There are some previous slide that I share with other guys. Active fuzzing technology; talk about HTML5 security; Watch out your wallet. ← Previous Post Next Post → Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus.


Welcome, in this tutorial you will learn how to use the PushButton Engine with Adobe Flash CS4.
To complete this lesson you will need to download and install a few pieces of software.
After installing Adobe Flash CS4 you will need to point it to either the PushButton Engine source code or the pre-built PushButton Engine library.
To accomplish this click Edit->Preferences. In the preferences dialog click ActionScript in the catagory list box.
In the ActionScript preferences you should see a language: section at the bottom. Click the ActionScript 3.0 settings button.
Now it's time to ask yourself a question. "Will I be modifying the PushButton Engine source code?"
If you want to edit the source code along with your project then you will need to add the PushButton Engine /src folder
to the source path.
If you do not care about editing the PushButton Engine source code and just want use the engine as is.
You will need to add the PushButton Engine bin folder to the library path.
Everything in the PushButton Engine is based on ActionScript 3.0 so you will need to use flash file (ActionScript 3.0). Click File->New and flash file (ActionScript 3.0).
Before we begin coding you have another decision to make.
"Do I want to use proper object oriented programming with a document class or do I just want to code on the timeline?"
If you want to use proper OOP click document class else click timeline section to move on.
To begin coding on the timeline, select the first frame in the timeline by left clicking and select Window->Actions in the menubar.
This brings up the actions script window. Click hello world to move on.
We now need to setup a document class for our movie. To do this click File->Publish Settings and select the Flash Tab.
In the script section click the settings button and type Lesson1FlashCS4 in the document class text box.
Now when we run our Flash CS4 movie it will look for a class called Lesson1FlashCS4 in Lesson1FlashCS4.as.
Let's create that file now by clicking File->New, select ActionScript file and click ok. Go ahead and save the file as Lesson1FlashCS4.as.
That's right, it's time for some code!
Copy and paste the below code into your Lesson1FlashCS4.as file and save it.
package { import flash.display.Sprite; import com.pblabs.engine.PBE; import com.pblabs.engine.debug.Logger; public class Lesson1FlashCS4 extends Sprite { public function Lesson1FlashCS4():void { PBE.startup(this); Logger.print(this, "Hello, World!"); } } }
The above code is basically the minimal application for the PushButton Engine.
When executed it prints the below message in the Adobe Flash CS4 Output Window.
INFO: Lesson1FlashCS4_fla.MainTimeline - Hello, World!
Let's build the project and test it now. Click Control->Test Movie. This will build our application
and if we didn't make any mistakes a window should pop up and you should be greeted with a message in the Adobe Flash CS4 output window.
To summarize the steps of using the PushButton Engine with Adobe Flash CS4.
Congratulations! You just completed lesson #1, creating a flash file using the PushButton Engine.
This can be used as a base for lesson #2 or any future projects of your own.
You can download the completed project source files for this project below.
Lesson1FlashCS4.zip