Reportpage from the course DA377B VT20 Software Development for the Web
S01
Did you before know about the techniques Git, GitHub, Markdown and/or GitHub Pages?
I did know about Github since we have used it a little bit in the other courses.
It’s good to learn how to push/commit etc from the command since we have used Github
desktop most of the time. It has been easier since we haven’t got that much knowledge
about how to use real Git.
Have you ever created websites before?
We did some in the Software Engineering 2 but only the basic parts so it will be a
great learning experience to learn more about how to create one.
Briefly explain your experience and knowledge of web application development.
We have had some courses before but I feel like it was quite little so I would say
that I'm a total beginner and I’m looking forward to learn more about it.
What is your TIL for this course section?
To learn more about how to use Github from the command prompt. how to Visual Studio Code
S02
Have you any previous experience of HTML, CSS and/or JavaScript?
No, we have not had any courses that was teaching us how to code in this languages.
We have done some CSS within projects but only very little.
Explain the role of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development.
HTML is a markup language which is the skeleton of the information on a web page.
CSS is controlling the web pages appearance and JavaScript stands for the programming
functionalities. HTML, CSS and JavaScript is the essentials for building a website.
Give a brief explanation of how the browser, the HTTP protocol and the web server interacts.
A browser communicates with a web server through HTTP protocol.
A browser makes a request to a web server to return a specific resource such as an image,
video or webpage. Depending on the authenticity of the request, a server then returns the
requested resource.
What is your TIL for this course section?
I have learned more about CSS HTML and JavaScript and how to make them integrate with each other.
S03
Do you have any previous experience of client side JavaScript?
No, I have never worked with client side javascript before or with JavaScpipt but I think
it's a fun language to work with.
Can you compare and relate the JavaScript language to any other language you know?
I have only worked with Java but I think JavaScpipt is similar in some ways. I find it
fun to work with.
Describe how you worked with the coding exercise, what grade do you aim for and how did
your code turn out to be?
I did it with the help of youtube videos and google to find css etc. I aim for grade 3.
What is your TIL for this course section?
To get more into javascript code and css. I think it is fun to add styling and its good
that it's possible to try it before adding to the code by using devtools in my browser.
S04
Tell me about your previous experience on node/npm or any equal programming tools.
I have tried node a little bit. Programming tools that I have used before is git, github,
MySql, bootstrap, Visual studios.
How do you feel about working with JavaScript, Node and Express?
I think it is fun once you get more knowledge about how to use it and integrate with the
different programs.
Explain how you did take on the coding assignment, did you have a plan and did it work?
It worked after some research and tutorials. I found some information on StackOverflow and
tried in the devtools before adding it to the project.
What grade did you aim for and was it a difficult level?
I aimed for grade 3 since it was quite a lot new information.
What is your TIL for this course section?
Today I learned how to work with express and Node and how to use them as a server instead of XAMPP.
S05
How do you feel about PHP as a programming language?
I think it's quite straight forward
Can you compare PHP to other languages you know?
I have only worked with Java and JavaScpipt so it was a bit different with example $ dollar
sign before variables.
Describe how you took on the coding exercise, what grade did you aim for and are you satisfied
with the result?
I aimed for grade 3 and I did all the topics for grade 3. I think it was quite straight forward
but I had some difficulties with the MySql connection to the database but once I got that solved
the rest worked out quite well.
What is your TIL for this course section?
I learned how to do some PHP coding and how to integrate php, JavaScpipt and Mysql into one
project.
S06
What is your own opinion on popularity of programming languages and what are your thoughts
of future popularity among programming languages?
Since I have not been programming before my education I have only got the feeling that Java
and C# seems to be a common programming language around workplaces. I think Java gives the
programmer more help and suggestions than what C# does. It’s important to find information
in how to solve an error if needed and I feel like Java is easier to find such information
and the program itself gives good ideas in how to solve the issue.
What will be your own choice for selecting future programming languages?
I would choose Java at first but that is only because it’s the language that I feel most comfortable
and since we have been using it a lot in school. Many websites and social platforms seems to be
developed in JavaScript and the more I get to code in it the more I like it.
Do your own investigation on https://trends.google.com to customize your own comparison
on programming languages (or frameworks) and elaborate on the results.
Due to the result in what people in Sweden are searching mostly for Java or JavaScript it is quite
close but JavaScript has always the leading position between those two. Based on the statistics northern
part of sweden and southern search more on JavaScript than the middle part.
If you were to recommend a language/framework/technology to your potential employer and your next
large project, what would it be and how would you “sell it”?
I would choose JavaScript since it seems easy to use and to integrate with other programming languages.
I would sell it by informing in how many big platforms that is using it today and that it is quite
easy to find information if one doesn’t know how to program in it.
What is your TIL for this course section?
To get more into what programming languages is the most popular ones around the globe and what type
of language developers are using it certain matters.
S07
Try to explain the platform .NET (C#, ASP.NET) to a skilled programmer, but newbie to this
Microsoft technology.
ASP.NET is a web application framework. It is developed by Microsoft and it makes developers allowed
to build dynamic websites with full features to integrate with languages like C# or VB.NET.
Elaborate by comparing .NET technologies with the other technologies we learned during the
course.
Comparing asp.net, node.js, php: ASP.NET is an open-source server-side web application
framework which allows the programmer to build dynamic web applications and web services.
Asp.net is highly security priority. PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for
web development. PHP is more efficient when building e-commerce websites and for managing
dynamic content. Php is less built-in features for security.ASP.NET is better suited for large
and medium-sized organization whereas PHP is better equipped to server start-up and small
sized organizations. Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform which let the developers use
JavaScript to write command line tools and for server-side scripting to produce dynamic webpage
content before the page is sent to the user’s web browser. Node.js is as secure as almost any
programming languages but it is more up to the development team to check their code and modules
for vulnerabilities.
Describe how you took on the coding exercise, what grade did you aim for and are you satisfied
with the result?
I aimed for grade 3 and I’m satisfied with the result since I have never been programming in
.Net or C#
What is your TIL for this course section?
I learned how to use .NET platform and to use C#. I have never been coding in C# before but
I think it went quite well.
S08
Websites to analyse:
I choose to work with Google, Twitch and YouTube. I chose to work with these three since twitch and
YouTube are quite similar since both have livestreams and recorded videos but google is a search engine.
I found these three interesting to analyse.
Devtools network tab:
The data shows that Google is the fastest to load since it does not contain images or videos in the
front page and has only 80.0KB and DOM content load of 487ms. Twitch has the most content with
9.2MB although it only takes 773 ms to load and YouTube transferred 2.2MB in 2.93s which is slower
than twitch. These three websites is three of the most popular ones so there is not much to improve
within the websites or the performance.
PageSpeed
Twitch:
YouTube:
Google:
LightHouse
Twitch:
YouTube:
Google:
The test results shown as expected that youtube and twitch are more heavy programs for the computer
to work with. The recommendation for for a page load is under 3 seconds. To make performance better
it is required to move the website to a better host, use website caching, use less number of JavaScript
and CSS files.
Summarizing
Web performance is all about making websites fast or so that the user can interact with it quickly.
If there is an issue with loading the page the user should get feedback if the website takes time to
load and why. The website should be as smooth as possible so that the user is enjoying using it.
Web performance is about reducing overall load time which is caused by latency how big the files
are and how many files. The best strategy for reducing the load time is to make the files as small
as possible and reduce the number of HTTP requests if possible.
The website should be usable as soon as possible so that the user can use it really quick. The website
can continue to load any other assets in the background but the user should be able to get on with
primary tasks. It should be smooth in all aspects such as scrolling, clicking buttons and animations
should run smoothly.The website should be fast in loading for best possible user experience.
Performance measurements is involving measure the actual speed of the application, optimizing
where possible and then monitoring the performance. Many features impact the performance in
websites including latency, number of DOM nodes, application size, resource requests, JavaScript
performance, CPU load etc. It is important to minimize the loading and response time, and making
the experience as fast, available and interactive as possible so that the user has the best
experience possible.
What is your TIL for this course section?
I learned how to use Devtools network tab, PageSpeed Insights and Lighthouse and how to find the
performance.
S09
1. Elaborate on a few (3-5) different security issues or concerns, from your own experience,
related to web application security and relate them to the OWASP top ten.
Sensitive Data Exposure
When creating a website it is important to think of all the security issues that can occur
when users are interacting with the website. Users information or personal data should
not be available for other users and should be well protected for potential hackers. This
is the concern of “Sensitive Data Exposure” in the OWASP.
Broken Access Control
Websites is also very vulnerable to access control system that controls the information
functionality such as authorization and perform tasks as they were privileged users such
as administrators. This is a big concern when building a website since attackers can get
access to the websites administrating section. This issue is referred to the “Broken
Access Control” in OWASP. Many services uses authorization tokens when users log
in to ensure that the user say who they are and in this way it is possible to save
credentials so that the user does not constantly have to login every time they enter
the website.
Logging and monitoring
Many websites are not taking enough steps in ensuring that there is no detect data
breaches. “Insufficient logging and monitoring” from OWASP is what gives the attackers
the opportunity to hack the website. Developers must be concerned when implementing
logging, monitoring and incident response plans to make sure that the website is aware
if an attack happen.
The essential guidelines to follow to create secure web applications.
To create a trustful and reliable website for both users and administrators the developers
must think of all the possible threats when creating the website. The developers must
prioritize vulnerabilities and minimize the risks of authorization gets in the wrong hands.
Users should feel protected in order to wanting to use the website so that their personal
information never leaks or a hacker gets access to it.
To avoid the two first concerns is it important that the developing team has built a website
that indicate if an incident occurs or a possible threat to the website.
What is your TIL for this course section?
I learn more about the concerns in security for web applications and all many possible
threats when creating a website. It is important as a developer to create a website as
secure as possible and have a “incident response plan” if an attack occurs.
S10
Write a general paragraph about how the project was implemented. Problems / solutions / simple /
difficult / fast / long time, etc. Was the project easy or difficult? Did it take a long time?
What was difficult and what went easy? Was this a good and reasonable project for this course?
How was it to work in a team?
Implementing techniques:
Webserver: Node.js express
View engine: ejs
Database: MySql MariaDB
Style: Bootstrap styling library
Icons: Font awesome
jQuery: used to add click functionality and do AJAX calls to rerender the products
JavaScript HTML CSS in between
Version control: Git
Pictures from: unsplash.com
I did the project by myself and I think I worked out pretty well. I searched for information
when I got stuck. I started the project right after the assignments. I have never worked with JavaScript
before so it was quite difficult at the beginning but I learned a lot from the assignment so
the project went on great. I think it was good to do the assignments first and then start with the
project since we got a lot of information during the lectures and how to solve them which then could
be used in the project. I think it was a reasonable project I aimed for grade 3 since I did not have
any experience before. I was working alone and it went well.
Finish with a final paragraph with your thoughts on the course and what you think about the
material and the guide (about 5-10 sentences). Provide feedback to teachers and suggest any
improvement suggestions for upcoming course opportunities. Are you satisfied / dissatisfied?
Will you recommend the course to your friends / colleagues? On a scale of 1-10, what grade do
you give the course?
I think the course was really good and well structured. It was great that Mikael uploaded the
lectures on YouTube so we could follow it from home and see it again if we missed out on something
I don't have any suggestions on how to improve the course, in my opinion it was one of the best
courses we have had all because of how well it was structured. I'm really satisfied and I will
recommend it! I give this course a 10!
What is your final TIL for this course?
I have learned how to work with JavaScript, HTML, CSS and all the needed tools to create a webpage.
I have also gotten more knowledge in how to use github which was really good!


I am currently learning to code with Code First Girls. Going over everything from how the internet works, to creating websites and version control with git. A lot to cover in only 8 weeks! Everyone should learn to code, here are some pretty good reasons why...


layout: true
Effingham Software Developer Group
@rebelwebdev
--- class: title, middle, center # Dot Net Core Rest APIs ## Ryan Condron --- # Why Dot Net Core? - Async Programming - Cross Platform (easily develop and deploy to multiple platforms) - Docker Support - Shared Code --- # Why not Ruby or Javascript? - Threading & more control - Shared Code among mobile (Xamarin), Desktop, and API - C# is a mainstream language. --- class: center, middle # What is an API An API is an resource for other applications to use to interact wirh your application. Today's example is to make data calls to database using REST and Entity Framework Core --- # HTTP Response Codes - Knowledge of Response Codes is necessary to build a good API. --- # HTTP Headers - HTTP Headers are used to return the proper format i.e. JSON, XML - Also used for Authorization - Other options can be implemented via HEADERS. --- # Dependency Injection - Keeps logic looslely coupled - Allows application to create objects and not defining them. - Build into DotNet Core by default via IServiceCollection in Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; ```cs private readonly ICustomerRepository _repository; private readonly CustomerSupervisor _supervisor; public CustomersController(ICustomerRepository repository, CustomerSupervisor supervisor) { _repository = repository; _supervisor = supervisor; } ``` --- # Sample Get Request - Data Retrieval - No Data Processing - Can Have URL parameters to Retrieve specific records ```cs [HttpGet("{id}")] public async Task
Get(long id) { Customer customers = await _repository.GetByIdAsync(id); return Ok(customers); } ``` --- # Sample Post Request - Process or save data - Typically No URL Parameters ```cs [HttpPost] public async Task
Post([FromBody] CustomerViewModel vm) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { Customer customer = await _supervisor.AddAsync(vm); return Ok(customer); } return UnprocessableEntity(); } ``` --- # Sample Patch Request - Updating Database - Has URL Parameter ```cs [HttpPatch("{id}")] public async Task
Patch(long id, [FromBody] CustomerViewModel vm) { if(ModelState.IsValid) { Customer customer = await _supervisor.UpdateAsync(vm); return Ok(vm); } return UnprocessableEntity(); } ``` --- # Sample Delete Request - Used to remove records - Has URL Parameter ```cs [HttpDelete("{id}")] public async Task
Delete(long id) { await _supervisor.DestroyAsync(id); return Ok(true); } ``` --- # Keep you domain logic separate When developing domain logic for your application use DotNet Standard as much as possible, this will let you get the max use out of your assemblies. By keeping you domain logic out of the API you can build other products as well, including other APIs, WPF Applications, Xamarin Apps, etc. --- class: center, middle # Demo Time


Insert Name Here
Insert Job Title Here
Insert Company Here
Insert Social Media Here
What/Where/Why/How
PKI and Policy
Because I am old and curmudgeonly...
A Moment of Historic Reflection
In 1995, Netscape released a browser with HTTPS
For the first time, everyone had easy access to encrypted communications
You didn't need to be a corporation with $$$, a government agency with a pile of mathematicians, or even have to understand PGP and cryptographic keys. Started as passwords and CCs, now everything: email, social media, wikipedia articles, etc. Matters a lot to Mozilla (manifesto)...
21 Years Later
Not enough HTTPS on the Internet
Since the release of Let's Encrypt, the percentage has gone up 7%
Security is Important
Without HTTPS integrity protection... Verizon SuperCookie. ISPs known to replace ads with their own; this happens a lot in China and India.
HTTP Injection from Network Operators
"We reveal 14 groups of content injections that primarily aim to impose advertisements or even maliciously compromise the client. Most of the financially-motivated false content injection we observed originated from China. Our analysis found indications that numerous injections originated from networks operated by China Telecom and China Unicom – two of the largest network operators in Asia."
23 Feb 2016, Website-Targeted False Content Injection by Network Operators , Nakibly, Schcolnik, and Rubin
Here's another recent news item to add to Shogo and Alex's list.
Why has this been so hard to fix?
DAMN YOU, IETF. WHY ISN'T THIS FIXED?
OK, so security is pretty important. Why isn't it the default?
It Costs Money
Certificates are required to set up a secure website
The entities selling them want to make money
What's even worse than it costing money is that it's about the same cost anywhere in the world, which is a serious impediment to security in emerging markets.
The User Experience is Hard
Manual process, different for every provider
This leads to things being expensive, difficult, and proprietary
We need something that's free, easy, and open. I'm here to tell you that it exists, it's called LE, and it launched three months ago.
is here to save the day
A Free CA
Things that don't matter:
Ability to pay
Where you reside
Individual, organization, or corporation
Whether a multi-billionaire or a 12-year-old on an allowance. Money == taxes and complicated laws, limiting choice and availability
An Automated CA
Most of the work in issuing a certificate is in verifying domain control
Let's Encrypt uses a standard protocol to verify domain control automatically prior to certificate generation
Certificate renewals use this same process
An Open CA
Everything Let's Encrypt uses is open source:
Pull requests welcome!
A Cooperative CA
Wide industry sponsorship
Community development and support
Built on an open standard for all CAs
Founding sponsors: Mozilla, Akamai, Cisco, and EFF. When we started, we thought, we'll write this software on the server, etc, client, etc.
Automated Certificate Management Environment (ACME)
Suppose someone asks for a certificate for example.com
How do you know they actually own example.com ?
Domain Validation
Give them a challenge that only the domain owner can complete:
Provision a DNS record for _acme-challenge.example.com
Provision a file at http://example.com/.well-known/acme-challenge/
Configure a TLS server on example.com
An Upcoming Standard
The ACME protocol is in the process being standardized by the IETF so that it can be used by all CAs
Support for ACME is spreading: StartCom is switching to ACME after multiple security issues with their custom API
Help for users is provided by an open community support system
IETF, CA/B Forum, Startcom == startssl
Automated Validation
Having a standard protocol means that you can build tools
The vision is for ACME to be built into web servers, to auto-configure HTTPS
When you can do automated validation, using this standard, you can build yourself tooling to just lubricate the whole machinery of securing your web sites.
Platform Integration
Increasing numbers of web hosts (Dreamhost , Akamai , Wordpress.com , Shopify, Cyon.ch, and many more...)
Dozens of community-written clients, written in languages from Golang to BASH
Future: mod-acme for Apache? nginx patch?
Caddy HTTP/2 server
Able to do this because built on an open standard...
The Power of ACME Integration
Caddy Server has Let's Encrypt support turned on by default. Here's a video of the author setting up HTTPS for his site, matt.life; we found this video on YouTube, he (Matt Holt) is not associated with LE.
[start]
After downloading Caddy, he writes a config file for matt.life.
Then he launches Caddy. Then he loads the web page, and it's HTTPS.
That's it, that's the whole demo. 20 seconds to HTTPS.
This Line Keeps Going Upward
GA on December 3rd; 29M certs covering over 28M unique FQDNs and 13M domain names.
How Big Is Let's Encrypt?
Of sites secured with Let's Encrypt, about 94% have never had certificates before
Popular the World 'Round
Greatest popularity is North America and Europe, perhaps reflecting availability of documentation, software, and internationalized domain support
Growing the Secure Web
Large providers such as DreamHost, WordPress, Shopify, OVH, Akamai, and Bitly have rolled out large-scale deployments
Widely used software such as cPanel / WHM now have integrated, automatic certificate generation
Since its release, HTTPS usage has grown from 38% to 46%, an astounding jump
OVH (11.67%), cPanel (6.82%), Wordpress (2.01%)
Growth of Secure Pageloads
After years of slow growth, from 38% to over 50% of web traffic in about a year
Past & Future
2016 (January): ACME DNS support
2016 (March): Full XP support
2016 (July): Full support for IPv6
2016 (August): Greater rate limits
2016 (November): Internationalized domain support
2016 (November): Firefox root integration
2017 (March): ECDSA intermediaries
DC limitations (no IPv6, half-duplex on upstream router)
Rates: 20 certs/domain/week, 100 names/cert, 5 dupes/week, renewals exempted (allowing ramp up), 500 regs/IP/3 hours, 300 pending auth/account
Firefox 50
“Who should use HTTPS?”
Get every website using HTTPS
Secure all the internet: email, chat, and more!
Now that trusted certs are available to any website, we have a path to HTTPS Everywhere.
Questions & Answers
Let's get your questions. What're your questions? Here's some ideas of things you can ask me about.


Derek Eder
@derekeder
RT @chrishagan: Lots of procurement links:
The problem
http://datamade.us/blog/procurement-and-civic-innovation/
How the UK does it http://www.nextgov.com/cloud-computing/2014/02/how-outfox-broken-procurement-system-and-other-digital-government-lessons-uk/78803/
Fixing it
http:/…
2/21/2014, 1:46:13 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


BisQue
Bio-Image Semantic Query User Environment
Bisque is developed by the Center for Bio-Image Informatics and is supported by the following awards:
- NSF Information Technology Research (ITR) award 0331697
- NSF infrastructure award EIA-0080134
- NSF award III-0808772
- iPlant Collaborative, NSF Plant Cyberinfrastructure #DBI-0735191
Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recomendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation (NSF).


Distributed Messages
DistributedMessage
is a class that is used to exchange data between peers in the distributed system. Every message contains the Content
where the actual data is stored and meta-data like address key, message type, and timestamp.
Address Key top#
AddressKey
determines which object will receive the message on other simulations. DistributedComponent
uses own key as an address key so the message will be received by corresponding components on other machines. AddressKey
has to be set when sending a new message.
Content top#
Content
contains the actual data of the message in the BytesStack
object. Note that poping data required reverse order than pushing.
Message Type top#
DistributedMessageType
determines how the message will be handled in the UDP protocol. This type has to be set when sending a new message.
Available distributed message types:
- ReliableUnordered packets won't be dropped, won't be duplicated, can arrive without order.
- Sequenced packets can be dropped, won't be duplicated, will arrive in order.
- ReliableOrdered packets won't be dropped, won't be duplicated, will arrive in order.
- ReliableSequenced packets can be dropped (except the last one), won't be duplicated, will arrive in order.
- Unreliable packets can be dropped, can be duplicated, can arrive without order.
ReliableOrdered messages are the most reliable, but may add significant delays, this type is best for the initialization messages like add new NPC command. Unreliable packets have the lowest delay between sending and handling a message but are not reliable. Snapshots are sent as unreliable, an incoming snapshot will override the data and delayed packets will not be used.
Timestamp top#
The distributed system adds UTC timestamp to every message right before sending it, there is no need to set timestamp value when sending a message. A timestamp of the received message is set before passing the message to the addressed object. This timestamp is already corrected on the client by the value of connection latency and shows the approximate UTC DateTime when the message has been sent by the master.
Bytes Stack top#
BytesStack
is the message's content where the data is stored. Every data has to be represented as a set of bytes and has to be pushed to the stack. BytesStack
class supports byte, int, uint, long, float, double, bool and string values. Operations that can be executed on those values are:
- Push - adds the value on the top of the stack;
- Fetch - reads the data from the top of the stack and does not remove it from the stack;
- Pop - reads the data from the top of the stack and removed it from the stack, note that Pop calls have to be called in reverse order than Push.
Byte Compression top#
ByteCompression
class adds extension methods to the BytesStack
which add different values to the stack with limited bytes count:
- CompressFloatToInt and DecompressFloatFromInt;
- PushEnum and PopEnum;
- PushCompressedColor and PopDecompressedColor;
- PushCompressedVector3 and PushCompressedVector3;
- PushUncompressedVector3 and PopUncompressedVector3;
- PushCompressedPosition and PopDecompressedPosition - position bounds are limited to the map bounds;
- PushCompressedRotation and PopDecompressedRotation.


Welcome to POL2081 seminars
Week 1: Research Questions & Research Design
Nikolai
Gad
Sørensen
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Who are you?
Your name?
Where are you from?
Why did you choose to study Politics? (in one sentence)
Toady
Group work 1: Hypotheses
Group work 2: Research Design
“Diana showed that we need emotion, but it’s had a downside”, Matthew d’Ancona, Guardian, 28 August 2017
“Brexit and Trump mark a whitelash. Politicians must not pander to it.”, Polly Toynbee, Guardian, 10 November 2016
“In this Brexit vote, the poor turned on an elite that ignored them”, Ian Jack, Guardian, 25 June 2016
“How the education gap is tearing politics apart”, David Runcian, Guardian, 5 October 2016
Group work 1:
Extract hypotheses from editorials
Identify independent and dependent variables.
Use this to formulate at least three hypotheses:
With different units of analysis
Both negative and positive
Write your hypotheses on sticky notes or upload on
padlet.com/nikogad/
How can we improve these hypotheses?
What is the dependent and the independent variable?
What is the unit of analysis?
Could any terms be clarified further?
Is the hypothesis positively or negatively directed?
Group work 2:
Create research designs to test hypotheses
Choose at least three hypotheses from previous group work
To test each of these hypotheses create:
An experiment
A small-n multi case study
A large-n multi case study
Describe your research designs on sticky notes or upload on
padlet.com/nikogad/
How can we asess these research designs?
Internal validity?
External validity?
For small-n case studies: Is this a most similar or a most different case study design?
Key terms
Independent and dependent variables
Unit of analysis
Negative and positive hypotheses
Experiments
Single case studies
Small-n multi case studies
Large-n multi case studies
Internal validity
External validity
Most similar and most different case studies
Questions?
Next week: Sampling and measurement


Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in cognitive neuroscience is developing diagnostic tools for Disorders of Consciousness (DoC). Detecting dynamical connectivity brain states seems promising, specifically those linked to transient moments of enhanced cognitive states in patients. A growing body of evidence indicates that fMRI brain states properties are strongly modulated by the level of consciousness , as theoretically predicted by whole brain modeling. fMRI-based brain states, however, have very limited practical application due to methodological constraints. In this work we defined EEG-based brain states and explored their potential as a bedside, real-time tool to detect transient windows of enhanced brain states. We analysed data from 237 individual patients with chronic and acute DoCs -100 Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS), 96 Minimally Conscious State (MCS) and 41 acute- and 101 healthy controls obtained in three independent research centers (Fudan hospital in Shanghai, Pitié Salpêtrière in Paris and Purpan hospital in Toulouse). We determined five EEG functional connectivity brain states, and show that their probability of occurrence is strongly related to the level of consciousness. Distinctively, high entropy brain states are exclusively found in healthy subjects, while low-entropy brain states increase their probability with DoC’s severity, spanning from acute unarousable comatose state, to more chronic DoC’s patients, who are awake but show fluctuating (MCS) or absent awareness (VS). Furthermore, the brain state probability distribution of each individual subject —and even the presence of certain key brain states— significantly vary with the patients’ outcome. We also tested whether our procedure has an actual potential for real-time, bedside brain state detection, and proved that we can reliably estimate the concurrent brain state of a patient in real time, paving the way for a broad application of this tool for DoC patients’ diagnosis, follow-up, and neuroprognostication.


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Cigar and Cigar reviews, discussions, herfs and more. Cigars. . Cigars at CigarWorld, CAO . Don Tomás Cameroon · About · Size/Review · Don Tomás .
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Cigar Review of Don Tomas Allegro Maduro Cigar
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Official Impairment Listing for Spinal Disorders
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{% extends "base.html" %} {% block body %}
Our project is based on the most recent Kaggle dataset.
Our input is a song selected from a list. Our model analyzes the song based on these categories:
acousticness, danceability, energy, explicitness
instrumentalness, liveliness, key, loudness
mode, popularity, speechiness, tempo, valence
We try our best to cluster the songs that you might like together. Hope you find them to your liking.


<lcResources>
The <lcResources> provides a list of related resources and information about them, such as related articles or samples on the web.
Category: Learning and training: common content elements


Azmin Ali is Mahathir’s trojan horse, says a blogger
- Advertisement -
A popular Umno blogger believes the infighting in Anwar Ibrahim’s party is an attempt to divide it and keep Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad in power.
And to achieve that objective, Dr Mahathir planted a ‘trojan horse’ in the PKR and it is none other than Economic Affairs Minister Azmin Ali.
In Another Brick In The Wall, the name of the blog, the blogger lambasted Dr Mahathir whom he says also has a trojan in Umno, the biggest opposition party.
He says Dr Mahathir’s trojan in the PKR is faring very well despite the overwhelming conditions (against him) while the trojan in Umno is in trouble.
- Advertisement -
“One UMNO key operative from the days of Dato Najib claimed Dato Mohammed Hassan was Mahathir’s trojan horse in UMNO.
Unlike Azmin, he is not as strong and failed to play his role,” the blogger wrote.
The article pictures Dr Mahathir as the man behind the scenes in the PKR and Umno. If in the PKR the PM is trying to break the party to minimise or eliminate Anwar’s chance to grab the PM post, in Umno it is to dissolve the opposition party.
Once dissolved, the MPs will have to join Dr Mahathir’s party, the Bersatu.
The blog post says the PM is desperate despite some people in the corridors of power saying otherwise.
To depict the role played by Dr Mahathir in the troubles facing the two major parties in the country, the PKR and Umno, the blogger points to the latter’s statements on recent political machinations.
“The more astute political observers see it as Mahathir on desperation mode and trying to reach out to UMNO without begging for help. When in political mode, Mahathir would usually say one thing but do something else,” he wrote.
The blogger was referring to statements on Azmin Ali’s secret dinner at his house in Putrajaya which is only a stone throw away from the PM’s residence.
Dr Mahathir claimed he did not know what the Umno MPs who met with Azmin on the dinner night wanted or what they discussed.
But later he said the Umno MPs were lost and did not have a party now, so they wanted to know which party to join.
To explain this, the blogger said Mahathir had said he is for UMNO if the party’s name is not tarnished. “One could read him as making an overture to UMNO or adamant on closing UMNO to get its members and leaders to join Bersatu.”
The blog post said Dr M failed to read the Umno’s moves.
It mentions Umno president Zahid Hamidi’s statement that the Umno has 91 seats in its camp, which took many by surprise in the political arena.
But as the blogger narrates, none of the political observers were able to understand Umno’s move to join the Islamists from PAS and join the Malay Dignity Congress which was officiated by Dr Mahathir.
Overall, it is saying the alleged plans by Dr Mahathir’s are now well exposed and it is up to other leaders to read them well and act on them for their survival. -/TISG
- Advertisement -


How many times can you click the button in 20 seconds?
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Quick-start guide
If you already have a full Ruby development environment with all headers and RubyGems installed (see Jekyll’s requirements), you can create a new Jekyll site by doing the following:
# Install Jekyll and Bundler gems through RubyGems
gem install jekyll bundler
# Create a new Jekyll site at ./myblog
jekyll new myblog
# Change into your new directory
cd myblog
# Build the site on the preview server
bundle exec jekyll serve
# Now browse to http://localhost:4000
If you encounter any unexpected errors during the above, please refer to the troubleshooting page or the already-mentioned requirements page, as you might be missing development headers or other prerequisites.
About Bundler
gem install bundler
installs the bundler gem through RubyGems. You only need to install it once — not every time you create a new Jekyll project. Here are some additional details:
bundler
is a gem that manages other Ruby gems. It makes sure your gems and gem versions are compatible, and that you have all necessary dependencies each gem requires.-
The
Gemfile
andGemfile.lock
files inform Bundler about the gem requirements in your site. If your site doesn’t have these Gemfiles, you can omitbundle exec
and just runjekyll serve
. - When you run
bundle exec jekyll serve
, Bundler uses the gems and versions as specified inGemfile.lock
to ensure your Jekyll site builds with no compatibility or dependency conflicts.
For more information about how to use Bundler in your Jekyll project, this tutorial should provide answers to the most common questions and explain how to get up and running quickly.
Options for creating a new site with Jekyll
jekyll new <PATH>
installs a new Jekyll site at the path specified (relative to current directory). In this case, Jekyll will be installed in a directory called myblog
. Here are some additional details:
- To install the Jekyll site into the directory you’re currently in, run
jekyll new .
If the existing directory isn’t empty, you can pass the--force
option withjekyll new . --force
. jekyll new
automatically initiatesbundle install
to install the dependencies required. (If you don’t want Bundler to install the gems, usejekyll new myblog --skip-bundle
.)- By default, the Jekyll site installed by
jekyll new
uses a gem-based theme called Minima. With gem-based themes, some of the directories and files are stored in the theme-gem, hidden from your immediate view. - We recommend setting up Jekyll with a gem-based theme but if you want to start with a blank slate, use
jekyll new myblog --blank
- To learn about other parameters you can include with
jekyll new
, typejekyll new --help
.
When in doubt, use the help
command to remind you of all available options and usage, it also works with the new
, build
and serve
subcommands, e.g. jekyll help new
or jekyll help build
.
Next steps
Building a Jekyll site with the default theme is just the first step. The real magic happens when you start creating blog posts, using the front matter to control templates and layouts, and taking advantage of all the awesome configuration options Jekyll makes available.


I noticed a lot of failed SSH logins from different IPs in my server logs. Some attempted to connect hundreds times (probably part of a botnet). I thought I'd visualize the data.
You can click on a pin for more information about a host.


People
Saunders came to the University of California in 1931 as an anatomy professor and was chair of the department from 1938 to 1956. Among his many other positions during his sixty years with UCSF, he was chair of the Department of History of Health Sciences from 1942 to 1975, Dean of the UCSF School of Medicine 1956-63, University Librarian from 1943 to 1971, first UCSF Provost from 1958 to 1964, and the first Chancellor of UCSF, from 1964 to 1966.
Saunders conducted research with LeRoy C. Abbott of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Verne T. Inman of the Biomechanics Laboratory. With them and other colleagues he studied the normal and diseased spinal column, nerve injury and regeneration, the mechanics of the joints of the upper and lower limbs, and the nature of normal and pathological gait. He published studies on congenital abnormalities of the duodenum, and on the development of the genitourinary tract. Later, he made important observations on the formation of the ventricles and the aorta.
On the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the publication of the great anatomical work, De Humani Corporis Fabrici, by Andreas Vesalius in 1543, Saunders published a paper with Leroy Crummer on Loys Vasse, a contemporary of Vesalius. He continued to write several papers on aspects of the life and times of Vesalius.
In 1950, Saunders published with C. D. O'Malley The Illustrations of the Works of Vesalius of Brussels. Two years later, a second book by O'Malley and Saunders entitled Leonardo da Vinci on the Human Body was highly praised. He continued to write and publish on medical history until his death at age eighty-eight.
Many recall John Saunders as the strongest voice to oppose Herbert Evans in the struggle to keep the medical school in San Francisco. Evans' preference for Berkeley reflected an opinion that caused many decades of divisiveness for the growing San Francisco campus. Saunders remained a part of many UCSF activities after his retirement in 1971. He received numerous honors and degrees around the world. One of the most coveted was the naming of the quadrangle between the Library and the School of Nursing named "Saunders Court" as a tribute to both John and Alison Saunders for their many contributions benefiting students and faculty.


Module named
Classes
Bearing2Tuple
Bounds2Tuple
Bounds4Tuple
Destination2Tuple
Destination3Tuple
Distance2Tuple
Distance3Tuple
Distance4Tuple
EasNor2Tuple
EasNor3Tuple
LatLon2Tuple
LatLon3Tuple
LatLon4Tuple
LatLonDatum3Tuple
LatLonPrec3Tuple
LatLonPrec5Tuple
NearestOn3Tuple
PhiLam2Tuple
PhiLam3Tuple
PhiLam4Tuple
Points2Tuple
Vector3Tuple
Vector4Tuple
_Named
_NamedBase
_NamedEnum
_NamedEnumItem
Functions
callername
classname
classnaming
modulename
nameof
notImplemented
notOverloaded
Variables
__all__


17.10. Parsing SQL Data¶
GeoMesa includes a converter designed to read SQL data using standard JDBC libraries. The connection string
is specified using the connection
element.
Fields are identified by index as in a standard ResultSet
(i.e. the first field is index 1, the second 2, etc).
The 0
index is a concatenated string of all other fields - this matches the behavior of file-based converters,
and can be useful, e.g. for generating a unique ID. Field values will have the native type binding of the database
column. For example, VARCHAR
will be converted to String
, TIMESTAMP
will become a java.sql.Date
, etc.
The JDBC converter takes SQL select statements as input. Because a select statement can return arbitrary columns, it is import to ensure that the fields returned match the converter definition.
17.10.1. Installation¶
The JDBC converter relies on standard JDBC libraries, and requires the correct JDBC driver for the database being
used. Ensure the correct driver is on the classpath; for GeoMesa binary distributions, it can be placed in the
lib
folder.
17.10.2. Example¶
Assume the following table in MySQL:
mysql> describe example;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| id | bigint(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| dtg | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
| lat | double | YES | | NULL | |
| lon | double | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
The target simple feature type is defined as:
"example-jdbc" = {
attributes = [
{ name = "name", type = "String" }
{ name = "dtg", type = "Date" }
{ name = "geom", type = "Point", srid = 4326, default = true }
]
}
The converter is defined as:
"example-jdbc" = {
type = "jdbc"
connection = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?user=foo&password=bar"
id-field = "toString($1)",
fields = [
{ name = "name", transform = "$2" }
{ name = "dtg", transform = "$3" }
{ name = "lon", transform = "$4" }
{ name = "lat", transform = "$5" }
{ name = "geom", transform = "point($lon, $lat)" }
]
}
And the input to the converter would be:
"select * from example"
The required driver JAR would be:
mysql-connector-java-5.1.44.jar
17.10.3. Command Line Ingestion¶
Standard command line ingest expects a data file to operate on. You may place select statements in a file (one per line), or you may use stdin to pipe the select statement to the ingest command:
$ echo "select * from example limit 5" | geomesa ingest ... -c example_jdbc -C example-jdbc -s example-jdbc
INFO Creating schema example-jdbc
INFO Running ingestion in local mode
INFO Ingesting from stdin with 1 thread
[============================================================] 100% complete 5 ingested 0 failed in 00:00:01
INFO Local ingestion complete in 00:00:01
INFO Ingested 5 features with no failures.


Seen at the 21st Portland International Film Festival
FILM TITLE: SUPERMARKET WOMAN DIRECTOR: JUZO ITAMI COUNTRY: JAPAN 1997 CINEMATOGRAPHY: YONEZO MAEDA MUSIC: TOSHIYUKI HONDA CAST: Nobuko Miyamoto, Masahitko Tsugawa, Shiro Ito, Yuji Miyake, Akiko Matsumoto SUPER FEATURES: Typical Itami film... Funny and pointed in its own way.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
If you don't care how and what the food you buy goes through in your local supermarket, then this film is not for you.... maybe it is better to ignore it, as this strong and biting satire, as only Juzo Itami can deliver, will give you an insight as to what some foods go through.
Having, in the past, made films that pulled every punch imaginable, from the family traditions ( THE FUNERAL ), to taxes ( A TAXING WOMAN & A TAXING WOMAN RETURNS ), to the diabolical gangsters ( MINBO ), to hospitals ( THE SERIOUSLY ILL ), Juzo Itami, this time takes on the supermarkets' own war, to get the consumers. And while this film has its funny side, in the crazy situations that it creates, it also shows another side, which is very much the attitude of a corporate structure that is more concerned with its profits than it is with any customer.
Goro has a supermarket. And a competitor comes into the neighborhood, trying to take him out of business by providing less expensive prices for everything that is sold in the supermarket. Bargains Galore, its name, has in mind the closure of Goro's humbler venue, so that in the end it can mark up its prices in any way it can. Goro hires Hanako, a housewife whose talents seem to be better suited to management, than they are in anything else. Hanako, as she gets familiar with the operation, discovers many of the tricks of the trade, done by many of the elders in charge of each section of the market. And the procedures, are not always "fresh" food, but a new packaging and a new date, to try and convince the customers that quality is on the shelves.
Hanako's ideas take hold, starting with a few of the women that work in the supermarket, being that they do not even shop there at all. And Hanako discovers along the way that a few giveaways here and there make a bit of a difference. If not cause some serious problems in the running of the store. A price error, forces them to give away Eggs for very low prices, and causes the store a few hassles, but, it brought the people in, and everyone knows that these customers will buy a few other things.
As the operation gets stronger, the competition also has trickery up its sleeve, and it has been undermining much of the operation by paybacks to one of the store managers, as well as the meat and fish elder supervisors. Eventually these people are found out, and Hanako has to tread slowly and carefully, until in the end they all have a showdown. And here, the truth and honesty win out, and even one of the elders decides to stay rather than go to work for the corrupt opponent. In the process, they also find that "freshness" (with some very funny jokes on this word as well) becomes a much more important tool than they imagined.
With some very nice performances, in this hectic, and fast paced film, this film gives us a sitting of two hours that is satisfying in many ways, although a failed love story between Goro and Hanako does not come off much, even though towards the end it is suggested. But this would take away from the satire and its strengths.
With food gags all over the place, the film lets you have it. And what fun it is.
WORTH SEEING.
(Editorial) The director of this film, Juzo Itami, died shortly after the film was finished, and he left behind a legacy of comedy and satire that is rare, and uncompromising. We would wish that he had been able to make one about film making, of which he must have had a few stories to tell, but we will have to do with much of the Japanese society, and its many errant ways.... not to say that these things do not happen anywhere else.... America is no less guilty of any of these subjects at all, should anyone have the guts to tackle it... we could learn something along the way, too.... worth seeing, specially, is A TAXING WOMAN and its follow up A TAXING WOMAN RETURNS. THE FUNERAL is also good, although not as funny as the later films. TAMPOPO is also very enjoyable. All four of these films are available in video, which means your best local site for foreign film may have them... ask for it.
4 out of 5 GIBLOONS
Reviewed by Pedro Sena. Copyright (c) Pedro Sena 1998. All Rights Reserved.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


A program that will judge you if you put the number that it doesnt want.
Please input a number between 1 and 10.


Hoogle
From HaskellWiki
Hoogle is a Haskell API search engine, which allows you to search many standard Haskell libraries by either function name, or by approximate type signature.
- Online version: http://haskell.org/hoogle
- Hackage page: http://hackage.haskell.org/cgi-bin/hackage-scripts/package/hoogle
- GitHub repository: https://github.com/ndmitchell/hoogle
- Darcs repository: http://code.haskell.org/hoogle
- Bug tracker: http://code.google.com/p/ndmitchell/issues/list
- Manual: https://github.com/ndmitchell/hoogle/blob/master/README.md
Below is the old manual, which is gradually being phased out.
Contents[hide] |
1 Hoogle Use
Hoogle can be used in several ways:
- Online, with the web interface: http://haskell.org/hoogle
- In the Haskell IRC channel, using the Lambdabot plugin, @hoogle and @hoogle+
- With the command line version available on Hackage.
This section describes Hoogle searches, and the flags available from the Hoogle command line tool. The information applies only to Hoogle 4 and is still being fleshed out.
1.1 Searches
Before explaining the syntax of searches, we first give a list of example searches with their meaning:
- "map" Search for the text "map"
- "con map" Search for the text "map" and the text "con"
- "a -> a" Search for the type "a -> a"
- ":: a -> a" Search for the type "a -> a"
- "a" Search for the text "a"
- ":: a" Search for the type "a"
- "id :: a -> a" Search for the text "id" and the type "a -> a"
Searches can be either textual (a list of words), or by type (a type signature) or both. A type search may optionally start with a "::" symbol. A search is considered a text search unless it contains a combination of text and symbols, or if it starts with (::). To search for both a type and a name, place a :: between them, for example "undefined :: a"
Modules: Searches can be restricted to a particular module with +Module.Name, or to avoid a module with -Module.Name. The command Module.Name.Foo is treated as +Module.Name Foo.
Packages: Searches can be restricted to a particular package with +packagename, or to avoid a package with -package. By default Hoogle will search a standard set of packages.
1.1.1 Command Line Search Flags
Flags can be specified as --flag or /flag. Flags requiring arguments are specified as --flag=arg or /flag=arg. Anything which is not a flag is counted as a search query. Because a console will treat -> as a redirection, you can do -# to get the right character.
- -V, --version Print out version information
- -?, --help Show help on the command line flags
- -v --verbose Verbose mode
- --color Show color output, requires an ANSI compliant terminal, defaults to false
- --count=int Maximum number of results to print, defaults to showing all results
- --start=int 1-based index of first result to print, defaults to 1
- --info Show extended information for the first results
1.2 Database Creation
Hoogle has both binary databases (extension .hoo) and textual databases (extension .txt). Textual database files are a list of functions and their types, along with information about type synonyms, instances etc. The textual database files can be generated by Haddock with the --hoogle flag. Support for this is now in Cabal with runhaskell Setup haddock --hoogle.
A more detailed tutorial style style post on database creation is available on the author's blog.
You can create some default databases with (Windows users, please read Hoogle data on Windows first):
$ hoogle data
or you can create an extended database with
$ hoogle data all
1.2.1 Converting text databases to binary databases
A text database can be converted to a binary database with the command hoogle convert file.txt. Any package dependencies should be specified with +package or --data=package.hoo, and will require the binary databases for those packages. The output file can be controlled with --output=file.hoo.
1.2.2 Merging binary databases
Multiple binary databases can be merged with hoogle combine file1.hoo file2.hoo. The result would be written as default.hoo. As before, --output=out.hoo can be specified.
The following script (from Matt Brown) may be helpful:
$cat hoogleCombiner.sh #!/bin/bash function combines { for f in ~/.hoogle/*.hoo do echo -n " $(readlink -f $f)" done } hoogle --output=$(readlink -f ~/.hoogle.hoo) combine $(combines)
Simon Michaels suggests:
#!/bin/bash # # Search for hoogle databases in or under the directories/files specified # as arguments or hard-coded below (see allHoogleDbs), and combine them as # ~/.hoogle/default.hoo. Lets you search all your code (and installed # haskell libs) at once. # # Usage: # $ hoogle-update-db # $ alias hoogle="hoogle --i=$HOME/.hoogle" # $ hoogle something # nb current hoogle cli quirks: path options should have two hyphens, one # equals, and no tildes, eg: --d=NOTILDEFILEPATH #set -x ARGS=$*
function allHoogleDbs { for p in $ARGS ~/src/ ~/.cabal/share/ # add paths here do echo -n " $(findHoogleDbs $p)" done } function findHoogleDbs { find $1 -name '*.hoo' }
function combineOpts { for f in $* do echo -n " $(readlink -f $f)" done }
dbs=$(allHoogleDbs) echo Found $dbs mkdir -p ~/.hoogle hoogle --output=$(readlink -f ~/.hoogle/default.hoo) combine $(combineOpts $dbs) echo Created ~/.hoogle/default.hoo
1.2.3 Installing databases from Hackage
Packages on Hackage usually have .txt databases generated for you, so you can download those. You can find them in the html directories under the name [package-name].txt. So, for example, for diagrams-core the database can be found here: http://hackage.haskell.org/packages/archive/diagrams-core/<IP_ADDRESS>/doc/html/diagrams-core.txt
1.2.4 Scope of Web Searches
Using the standard web interface, Hoogle searches: array, arrows, base, bytestring, Cabal, cgi, containers, directory, filepath, haskell-src, HUnit, mtl, old-locale, old-time, packedstring, parallel, parsec, pretty, process, QuickCheck, random, stm, template-haskell, time, xhtml.
Using the Gtk2hs Hoogle, Hoogle searches only in the Gtk2hs package.
1.3 Developer Flags
,f (ArgNone Web) ["w","web"] [PCmdLine] "Run as though it was a CGI script" ,f (ArgNone Test) ["test"] [PCmdLine] "Run the regression tests" ,f (ArgStr Dump) ["dump"] [PCmdLine] "Dump a database for debugging" ,f (ArgFileIn DataFile ["hoo"]) ["d","data"] [PCmdLine,PMultiple] "Database file" ,f (ArgNone Verbose) ["v","verbose"] [PCmdLine] "Display verbose information" ,f (ArgNone Debug) ["debug"] [PCmdLine] "Debugging only" ,f (ArgFileIn TestFile ["txt"]) ["testfile"] [PCmdLine,PMultiple] "Run tests from a file" ,f (ArgFileIn Rank ["txt"]) ["rank"] [PCmdLine,PMultiple] "Generate ranking scores"
2 Hoogle Integration Modes
Hoogle can be integrated with various programs, listed below. Most of these integration modes were contributed by users, and users are encouraged to add more programs to this list.
2.1 Firefox Integration
From the search bar: Go to the Hoogle website in Firefox and click on "Search plugin", top right hand corner (some versions of firefox instead will have an "add Hoogle" option in the list of search engines when you are viewing the Hoogle page). This will add a Hoogle entry to the search box in Firefox.
As a keyword search: You can set up Hoogle as a keyword search in Firefox. This means that you can type h map directly into the location bar and you'll jump directly to the Hoogle search results page.
- Visit Hoogle's web interface: http://haskell.org/hoogle
- Right-click on the text input box and click "Add a Keyword for this Search..."
- Give it a nice short keyword like "h".
If you want to also search for special symbols in Firefox keyword search, modify the keyword search URL to be: javascript:window.location.href="http://haskell.org/hoogle?q=" + encodeURIComponent("%s")
2.2 Chrome Integration
Add to list of available search engines: Exactly as for the search bar in Firefox above.
As a keyword search: Under Chrome Preferences (Basic), select Manage Search Engines. You can then edit the keyword box appropriately.
To get the new Hoogle engine into the "default" section from the "other" section, make it default, and then re-select what was the original default.
(Works with Chrome on Mac OS X, at least).
2.3 GHCi Integration
Ever feel like having access to hoogle whilst messing around in GHCi? It's relatively easy to integrate the two.
The following will install hoogle as a shell command, and configure GHCi to have commands ":hoogle" showing all matches, and ":doc" showing haddock documentation for the first match:
- cabal install hoogle
- echo >> ~/.ghci ':def hoogle \x -> return $ ":!hoogle \"" ++ x ++ "\""'
- echo >> ~/.ghci ':def doc \x -> return $ ":!hoogle --info \"" ++ x ++ "\""'
NB. the above wraps the argument in quotes before passing to the shell command, so there is no need to supply quotes; eg.
:hoogle map :hoogle (a -> b) -> [a] -> [b]
Done!
On Windows you should add the same lines
:def hoogle \x -> return $ ":!hoogle \"" ++ x ++ "\"" :def doc \x -> return $ ":!hoogle --info \"" ++ x ++ "\""
to file (XP/2003):
C:\Documents and Settings\[your windows account]\Application Data\ghc\ghci.conf
or(Windows Vista/7):
C:\users\[your windows account]\Application Data\ghc\ghci.conf
2.3.1 Installation from source (without cabal)
First, you need to download and compile Hoogle. Then, we want to move hoogle to somewhere in your system's $PATH
(open a terminal and type echo $PATH
to see where this is). I suggest ~/bin, although you might want to go for /usr/bin or /usr/local/bin, etc.
Copy the Hoogle binary and hoogle.txt to the directory you chose. If you're using a version of hoogle pulled straight from darcs, you can ignore everything up until the 'Next, we need to integrate it into GHCi' bit. Otherwise:
There's a problem in that hoogle doesn't look for hoogle.txt in the system $PATH
, it only looks in the current directory. This is a slight pain but is easily worked around: rename the hoogle binary to hoogle-bin, then create a new text file called 'hoogle' with the following contents:
#! /bin/bash hoogle-bin -l /path/to/your/chosen/directory/hoogle.txt "$@"
chmod hoogle to make it executable (try chmod +x hoogle
). Now you should be able to run hoogle requests from the shell. Try a few of the examples above.
2.3.2 How it works
Next, we need to integrate it into GHCi. We can execute shell commands with GHCi via :def
. Load up GHCi, and type the following:
:def hoogle \x -> return $ ":!hoogle " ++ x
If this executes cleanly, you should be able to run hoogle commands from GHCi via :hoogle
, i.e. :hoogle map
or :hoogle "(a -> b) -> [a] -> [b]"
. Be careful: you need the extra quotes when hoogling types, at least on my system. :ho
works as an abbreviation of :hoogle
(just :h
clashes with :help
).
Finally, we want to make this persist across GHCi sessions. GHCi loads a file called ~/.ghci before running, so simply stick the above :def
in that file and all should work.
Contributed by DavidHouse
2.4 Emacs Integration
haskell-mode from versions 2.4 onwards have the function haskell-hoogle, which will hoogle the identifier at point. Setup:
(require 'haskell-mode) (define-key haskell-mode-map "\C-ch" 'haskell-hoogle) ;(setq haskell-hoogle-command "hoogle")
You will need a web browser configured for best results. Here's an example setup for Safari:
(setq browse-url-browser-function 'browse-url-safari) (defun browse-url-safari (url &optional new-window) "Open URL in a new Safari window." (interactive (browse-url-interactive-arg "URL: ")) (unless (string= "" (shell-command-to-string (concat "open -a Safari " url))) (message "Starting Safari...") (start-process (concat "open -a Safari " url) nil "open -a Safari " url) (message "Starting Safari... done")))
Alternately, you can build the command-line hoogle (darcs repo below) and uncomment the third line above, then results will appear in a buffer.
2.5 Firefox Ubiquity Integration
Ubiquity provides a graphical command-line for Firefox. To install Ubiquity, see the tutorial.
To install the Ubiquity Hoogle command, visit the command's home page and click Subscribe... when asked whether you want to install it. You may also want to look at the introductory article.
3 Developers
This work is licensed under the GPL version 2.0. By submitting any patches to Hoogle you agree to license them under the BSD license, or to assign copyright to Neil Mitchell who will include them under the GPL (either one, your choice). This is so I can relicense Hoogle under the BSD at a later date if that proves beneficial to the Haskell community.
The work is intended to be helpful, open and free. If the license doesn't meet your needs then talk to me.
3.1 The Source Code
$ darcs get http://code.haskell.org/hoogle/
Contributions are most welcome. Hoogle is written in Haskell 98 + Heirarchical Modules, I do not wish to change this. Other than that, I'm pretty flexible about most aspects of Hoogle. The bug tracker has many outstanding tasks, but please contact me if you have thoughts on doing something major to Hoogle, so I can give some advice.
4 Theoretical Foundations
A lot of related work was done by Rittri [1] and Runciman [2] in the late 80's. Since then Di Cosmo [3] has produced a book on type isomorphisms, which is also related. Unfortunately the implementations that accompanied the earlier works were for functional languages that have since become less popular, and to my knowledge no existing functional programming language has a tool such as Hoogle.
- Mikael Rittri, Using Types as Search Keys in Function Libraries. Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Functional programming languages and computer architecture: 174-183, June 1989. (http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=99384)
- Colin Runciman and Ian Toyn, Retrieving reusable software components by polymorphic type. Journal of Functional Programming 1 (2): 191-211, April 1991. (http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=99383)
- Roberto Di Cosmo. Isomorphisms of types: from lambda-calculus to information retrieval and language design. Birkhauser, 1995. ISBN-0-8176-3763-X (http://www.pps.jussieu.fr/~dicosmo/Publications/ISObook.html)
I have given two presentations on type searching in Hoogle:
- December 2005, York University - information on Hoogle type searching in versions 1 to 3.
- August 2008, AngloHaskell - information on type searching in versions 1 to 4. Audio is also available from that link.
4.1 Similar Tools
I didn't know of any similar tools before starting development, and no other tool has really influenced this tool (except the first on this list). The follow are provided for comparison.
- Google - Google rock!
- Hayoo - Similar to Hoogle, but with less focus on type search
- Krugle - Search code, no Haskell :(
5 Acknowledgements
The code is all © Neil Mitchell 2004-2010. The initial version was done in my own time, and further refinement and reimplementation was done as part of my PhD. During Summer 2008 I was funded to full-time on Hoogle by Google Summer of Code with the haskell.org mentoring organisation. Since then I have been working on Hoogle in my spare time. Various people have given lots of useful ideas, including my supervisor Colin Runciman, and various members of the Plasma group. In addition the following people have also contributed some code or significant debugging work:
- Thomas "Bob" Davie
- Don Stewart
- Thomas Jäger
- Gaal Yahas
- Mike Dodds
- Niklas Broberg
- Esa Ilari Vuokko
- Udo Stenzel
- Henk-Jan van Tuyl
- Gwern Branwen
- Tillmann Rendel
- David Waern
- Ganesh Sittampalam
- Duncan Coutts
- Peter Collingbourne
- Andrea Vezzosi
- Ian Lynagh
In previous versions, all the data was taken from Zvon's Haskell Guide. Thanks to their open and friendly policy of allowing the data to be reused, this project became possible. More recent versions use the Hierarchical Libraries as distributed with GHC, and databases generated by Haddock.


|
||||||||||
| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
See:
Description
| Interface Summary | |
|---|---|
| ByteSource | A ByteSource wraps a byte array and provides additional encoding operations. |
| Destroyable | Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction. |
| Factory<T> | Generics-aware interface supporting the Factory Method design pattern. |
| Initializable | Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires initialization. |
| Nameable | Interface implemented by components that can be named, such as via configuration, and wish to have that name set once it has been configured. |
| PatternMatcher | Interface for components that can match source strings against a specified pattern string. |
| ThreadState | A ThreadState instance manages any state that might need to be bound and/or restored during a thread's
execution. |
| Class Summary | |
|---|---|
| AbstractFactory<T> | TODO - Class JavaDoc |
| AntPathMatcher | PathMatcher implementation for Ant-style path patterns. |
| ByteSource.Util | Utility class that can construct ByteSource instances. |
| ClassUtils | Utility method library used to conveniently interact with Class es, such as acquiring them from the
application ClassLoader s and instantiating Objects from them. |
| CollectionUtils | Static helper class for use dealing with Collections. |
| JavaEnvironment | Internal helper class used to find the Java/JDK version that Shiro is operating within, to allow for automatically adapting to the present platform's capabilities. |
| JdbcUtils | A set of static helper methods for managing JDBC API objects. |
| LifecycleUtils | Utility class to help call Initializable.init() and
Destroyable.destroy() methods cleanly on any object. |
| MapContext | A MapContext provides a common base for context-based data storage in a Map . |
| PermissionUtils | Utility class to help with String-to-Permission object resolution. |
| RegExPatternMatcher | PatternMatcher implementation that uses standard java.util.regex objects. |
| SimpleByteSource | Very simple ByteSource implementation that maintains an internal byte[] array and uses the
Hex and Base64 codec classes to support the
toHex() and toBase64() implementations. |
| SoftHashMap<K,V> | A SoftHashMap is a memory-constrained map that stores its values in
SoftReference s. |
| StringUtils | Simple utility class for String operations useful across the framework. |
| ThreadContext | A ThreadContext provides a means of binding and unbinding objects to the current thread based on key/value pairs. |
| Exception Summary | |
|---|---|
| InstantiationException | Runtime exception thrown by the framework when unable to instantiate a Class via reflection. |
| UnavailableConstructorException | Exception thrown when attempting to instantiate a Class via reflection, but a suitable constructor (depending on the number of expected arguments) doesn't exist or cannot be obtained. |
| UnknownClassException | The Shiro framework's RuntimeException equivalent of the JDK's
ClassNotFoundException , to maintain a RuntimeException paradigm. |
Your run-of-the-mill 'util' pacakge for components and logic widely used across the framework that can't find their home into a proper OO hierarchy (or, most likely for things used across many hierarchies).
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Gold And The 'Real' Interest Rate Revisited
by Steven SavilleSummary
- If gold tends to benefit from a lower real interest rate, why would the gold price reverse downward shortly after the real interest rate turned negative?
- Sentiment and momentum indicators could point to extreme enthusiasm for gold on the part of the speculating community.
- The current situation is that neither sentiment nor fundamentals are conducive to substantial strength in the gold price.
Editor's note: Originally published at tsi-blog.com on November 18, 2019.
In a blog post in early September, I noted that the 10-year TIPS (Treasury Inflation Protected Security) yield had just gone negative and that the previous two times that this proxy for the real interest rate went negative (August-2011 and July-2016), the gold price was at an important peak. I then attempted to answer the question: If gold tends to benefit from a lower real interest rate, why would the gold price reverse downward shortly after the real interest rate turned negative?
In the earlier post, I gave three reasons why a downward reversal in the gold price could coincide with the "real" interest rate going negative. They were:
- The dip into negative territory marked a low point for the real interest rate.
- The real interest rate is just one of several fundamental gold price drivers, so the upward pressure on the gold price exerted by a falling real interest rate could be counteracted by the downward pressure exerted by other fundamental influences.
- The gold-bullish fundamental backdrop had been fully discounted by the current gold price.
At the time, I thought that the third of the above-mentioned reasons may be applicable, because the speculative net-long position in Comex gold futures was very close to an all-time high and the weekly RSI (an intermediate-term momentum indicator) was almost as high as it ever gets.
As it turned out, the first and third reasons were applicable. Sentiment and momentum indicators pointed to extreme enthusiasm for gold on the part of the speculating community, and the following chart, which is an update of the chart included in the blog post linked above, shows that the 10-year TIPS yield reversed upward at the beginning of September.
The current situation is that neither sentiment nor fundamentals are conducive to substantial strength in the gold price. There could be a counter-trend rebound at any time, but the conditions are not right for a resumption of the major upward trend that got underway in the second half of last year.
Editor's Note: The summary bullets for this article were chosen by Seeking Alpha editors.


GMMB_PDF - (Complex range) multivariate Gaussian mixture model pdf p = gmmb_pdf(data, bayesS) data = N x D matrix bayesS = 1 x K struct array, the bayesS struct, fields used: mu = D x C matrix sigma = D x D x C matrix array weight = C x 1 vector p = N x K matrix D dimensions, N points, C components, K classes The result is a matrix of PDF values computed for each data point and class. see: GMMB_CMVNPDF
0001 %GMMB_PDF - (Complex range) multivariate Gaussian mixture model pdf 0002 % 0003 % p = gmmb_pdf(data, bayesS) 0004 % 0005 % data = N x D matrix 0006 % bayesS = 1 x K struct array, the bayesS struct, 0007 % fields used: 0008 % mu = D x C matrix 0009 % sigma = D x D x C matrix array 0010 % weight = C x 1 vector 0011 % 0012 % p = N x K matrix 0013 % 0014 % D dimensions, N points, C components, K classes 0015 % 0016 % The result is a matrix of PDF values computed for 0017 % each data point and class. 0018 % see: GMMB_CMVNPDF 0019 0020 % Author: Pekka Paalanen<EMAIL_ADDRESS>0021 0022 % 0023 % $Name: $ 0024 % $Id: gmmb_pdf.m,v 1.2 2004/11/02 09:00:18 paalanen Exp $ 0025 0026 function [pdf] = gmmb_pdf(data_, bayesS_); 0027 N = size(data_,1); 0028 K = size(bayesS_, 2); 0029 0030 pdf = zeros(N,K); 0031 0032 for k = 1:K 0033 weight = bayesS_(k).weight; 0034 mu = bayesS_(k).mu; 0035 sigma = bayesS_(k).sigma; 0036 0037 p = zeros(N,1); 0038 for c = 1:size(weight,1); 0039 p = p + weight(c) * ... 0040 gmmb_cmvnpdf(data_, mu(:,c).', sigma(:,:,c)); 0041 end 0042 pdf(:,k) = p; 0043 end 0044


A game with a single objective: avoid colliding with the red dots.
You can activate a boosts by picking up the rare green dots.
Sounds simple, eh? If only... Give it a try!
Created by Hakim El Hattab | @hakimel
Ported by Evgeny Vinnik | @evgenyvinnik


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Purpose.
The purpose of the Special Recognition Awards Program is to encourage individuals and chapters to support and promote their organizations.
The purpose of the Special Recognition Awards Program is to encourage individuals and chapters to support and promote their organizations.
All applicants must be in good standing with Business Professionals of America. The awards are open to members in the Middle Level, Post-Secondary and Secondary Divisions.
Special Recognition Award applications except Merit Scholar, Professional Cup and Membership Explosion must be submitted utilizing the online application. Submission applications must include all activity descriptions. Partial applications will not be accepted or combined. Do not begin the application online submission form until you have completed all activities.
The Merit Scholar exam is offered at the National Leadership Conference.
The Professional Cup and Membership Explosion Award are determined on a national level based on the qualifications provided.
Applications due April 1.
BPA Marketing and Public Relations, Chapter Activities Award of Excellence, Social Media and The Professional Cup: Activities completed between April 2, 2017 and April 1, 2018 (11:59 PM EST) can be counted towards these awards.
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It is the policy of Business Professionals of America that no person on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin or ancestry, age, sex, marital status, sexual orientation, or disability shall be discriminated against, excluded from participation in, denied the benefits of, or otherwise be subjected to, discrimination in any program or activity for which it is responsible.


Semester 6
VTU SGPA Calculator
Digital Communication
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{% extends "horizon/common/_modal_form.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% block modal-body-right %}
{% blocktrans trimmed %}
"Manage" an existing share from a Manila host.
This will make the share visible within OpenStack.
This is equivalent to the 'manila manage' command.
{% endblocktrans %}


Polite
: Polite
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for Polite
.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Hindi)
This feature is language-specific.
It occurs with 2 different values: Form
, Infm
.
5567 tokens (2%) have a non-empty value of Polite
.
382 types (2%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Polite
.
164 lemmas (1%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Polite
.
The feature is used with 8 part-of-speech tags: hi-pos/PRON (2588; 1% instances), hi-pos/VERB (1381; 0% instances), hi-pos/AUX (1353; 0% instances), hi-pos/ADP (231; 0% instances), hi-pos/ADJ (8; 0% instances), hi-pos/PROPN (3; 0% instances), hi-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), hi-pos/DET (1; 0% instances).
PRON
2588 hi-pos/PRON tokens (19% of all PRON
tokens) have a non-empty value of Polite
.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON
and Polite
co-occurred: PronType=Prs (2588; 100%), Number=Sing (2584; 100%), Person=3 (2467; 95%), Gender=EMPTY (1978; 76%), Poss=EMPTY (1922; 74%), Case=Acc,Erg (1328; 51%).
PRON
tokens may have the following values of Polite
:
Form
(2588; 100% of non-emptyPolite
): उन्होंने, उनके, उन्हें, उनकी, वे, उनका, आप, उनसे, उन, आपको
VERB
1381 hi-pos/VERB tokens (5% of all VERB
tokens) have a non-empty value of Polite
.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB
and Polite
co-occurred: Number=Sing (1374; 99%), Case=EMPTY (1365; 99%), Person=3 (1264; 92%), Voice=Act (1255; 91%), Gender=Masc (931; 67%), Aspect=EMPTY (849; 61%).
VERB
tokens may have the following values of Polite
:
Form
(1372; 99% of non-emptyPolite
): कर, करेंगे, चाहते, आए, करते, हो, रहे, दे, पहुंचे, हैंInfm
(9; 1% of non-emptyPolite
): करो, बताओ, जाओ, बचाओ, लो
| Paradigm कर | Form | Infm |
|---|---|---|
| Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | करते | |
| Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Part | करते | |
| Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | करते | |
| Aspect=Imp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | करती | |
| Aspect=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | करते | |
| Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | किए, करा | |
| Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | किए | |
| Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | करने | |
| Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Inf | करने | |
| Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | करेंगे | |
| Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | कर, करवा | |
| Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | करने | |
| Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | कर | |
| Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | करेंगी | |
| Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | कर | |
| Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | करो | |
| Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | करो | |
| Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | करें, कीजिए | |
| Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | करें, करे | |
| Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act | कर | |
| Number=Sing|Person=3 | कर | |
| Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act | कर |
Polite
seems to be lexical feature of VERB
. 97% lemmas (139) occur only with one value of Polite
.
AUX
1353 hi-pos/AUX tokens (6% of all AUX
tokens) have a non-empty value of Polite
.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX
and Polite
co-occurred: Number=Sing (1351; 100%), Person=3 (1257; 93%), Voice=EMPTY (1141; 84%), Aspect=EMPTY (880; 65%), VerbForm=Fin (867; 64%), Mood=Ind (837; 62%).
AUX
tokens may have the following values of Polite
:
Form
(1353; 100% of non-emptyPolite
): हैं, थे, रहे, गए, सकते, चुके, हुए, थीं, रही, वाले
Polite
seems to be lexical feature of AUX
. 100% lemmas (20) occur only with one value of Polite
.
ADP
231 hi-pos/ADP tokens (0% of all ADP
tokens) have a non-empty value of Polite
.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADP
and Polite
co-occurred: Gender=Masc (231; 100%), Number=Sing (231; 100%), AdpType=Post (230; 100%), Case=Nom (220; 95%).
ADP
tokens may have the following values of Polite
:
Form
(231; 100% of non-emptyPolite
): के, वाले
ADJ
8 hi-pos/ADJ tokens (0% of all ADJ
tokens) have a non-empty value of Polite
.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ
and Polite
co-occurred: Gender=Masc (8; 100%), Number=Sing (8; 100%), Case=Nom (6; 75%).
ADJ
tokens may have the following values of Polite
:
Form
(8; 100% of non-emptyPolite
): अकेले, अच्छे, खड़े, जन्मे, जाने, पहले, बड़े, माने
PROPN
3 hi-pos/PROPN tokens (0% of all PROPN
tokens) have a non-empty value of Polite
.
The most frequent other feature values with which PROPN
and Polite
co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (3; 100%), Person=2 (3; 100%), Number=Sing (3; 100%), Case=EMPTY (2; 67%).
PROPN
tokens may have the following values of Polite
:
Form
(1; 33% of non-emptyPolite
): तुसीInfm
(2; 67% of non-emptyPolite
): बताओ
NOUN
2 hi-pos/NOUN tokens (0% of all NOUN
tokens) have a non-empty value of Polite
.
The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN
and Polite
co-occurred: Gender=Masc (2; 100%), Case=Nom (2; 100%), Number=Sing (2; 100%), Person=3 (2; 100%).
NOUN
tokens may have the following values of Polite
:
Form
(2; 100% of non-emptyPolite
): बेटे, हत्थे
DET
1 hi-pos/DET tokens (0% of all DET
tokens) have a non-empty value of Polite
.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET
and Polite
co-occurred: Number=Sing (1; 100%), Person=3 (1; 100%), Case=Acc (1; 100%), PronType=Dem (1; 100%).
DET
tokens may have the following values of Polite
:
Form
(1; 100% of non-emptyPolite
): इन
Relations with Agreement in Polite
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Polite
:
VERB –[aux]–> AUX (757; 97%),
AUX –[aux:pass]–> AUX (329; 93%),
VERB –[aux:pass]–> AUX (27; 100%),
VERB –[mark]–> ADP (13; 100%),
ADJ –[punct]–> ADJ (1; 100%),
AUX –[conj]–> AUX (1; 100%).
Polite in other languages: [ca] [da] [de] [es] [eu] [hi] [sa] [ta] [u]


Golden Eye Train Scheduler
Current Time:
Current Train Schedule
Delete
Train Name
Desitination
Frequency (min)
Next Arrival
Minutes Away
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Train Name
Destination
First Train Time (HH:mm - military time)
Frequency (min)
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A V3 IOC has a set of DBRecords. Each DBRecord has record support and device support attached to it. The code that calls record support allows a record to be processed either synchronously or asynchronously. A combination of the record and device support decides if processing is synchronous or asynchronous.
Currently the only process method for PVRecord is:
void process();
This method does not return until it is done, i. e. it is a synchronous method.
What process does is determined by the support code attached to the record instance. It can be an action that completes quickly or may take a long time to complete.
This proposal specifies additional process methods that support asynchronous record processing. It is up to the support code to decide if it should be a synchronous or asynchronous record.
boolean isAsynRecord() { return false;} void process();
The following method makes a record asynchronous:
boolean isAsynRecord() { return true;}
void process( ChannelProcess channelProcess, ChannelProcessRequester channelProcessRequester, boolean block);where
void process( ChannelGet channelGet, ChannelGetRequester channelGetRequester, boolean block, PVCopy pvCopy, PVStructure pvData, BitSet bitSet);where
void process( ChannelPut channelPut, ChannelPutRequester channelPutRequester, boolean block, PVCopy pvCopy, PVStructure pvData, BitSet bitSet);where
void process( ChannelPutGet channelPutGet, ChannelPutGetRequester channelPutGetRequester, boolean block, PVCopy pvPutCopy, PVStructure pvPutStructure, BitSet putBitSet, PVCopy pvGetCopy, PVStructure pvGetStructure, BitSet getBitSet)where
This is used for a channel request that results in the provider issung a process request. It specifies if a request should block until processing completes .
For example:
pvput -r "record[block=true]field(value)" someAsynChannel Acquire
This option is honored by the following:
The following example allows a client to set the record busy and wait until the record is done. For example:
pvput -r "record[block=true]field(value)" -w 100000000 PVRBusy Acquire
Another client can set it done. For example:
pvput PVRBusy Done
The current code only allows one client at a time to set the record busy and wait for completion.
public class ExampleBusyRecord extends PVRecord { private static StatusCreate statusCreate = StatusFactory.getStatusCreate(); private static final Status okStatus = statusCreate.getStatusOK(); private PVStructure pvValue; private PVInt pvIndex; private volatile ChannelPut channelPut = null; private volatile ChannelPutRequester channelPutRequester = null; /** * Create an instance of ExampleBusyRecord. * @param recordName The name of the record. * @return The new instance. */ public static PVRecord create(String recordName) { NTEnumBuilder ntEnumBuilder = NTEnum.createBuilder(); PVStructure pvStructure = ntEnumBuilder. addAlarm().addTimeStamp(). createPVStructure(); String[] choices = new String[2]; choices[0] = "Done"; choices[1] = "Acquire"; PVStringArray pvChoices = pvStructure.getSubField(PVStringArray.class,"value.choices"); pvChoices.put(0, 2, choices, 0); PVRecord pvRecord = new ExampleBusyRecord(recordName,pvStructure); PVDatabase master = PVDatabaseFactory.getMaster(); master.addRecord(pvRecord); return pvRecord; } private ExampleBusyRecord(String recordName,PVStructure pvStructure) { super(recordName,pvStructure); pvValue = pvStructure.getSubField(PVStructure.class, "value"); if(pvValue==null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("value not found"); pvIndex = pvValue.getSubField(PVInt.class, "index"); if(pvIndex==null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("value,index not found"); } public boolean isAsynRecord() { return true; } public void process( ChannelPut channelPut,ChannelPutRequester channelPutRequester,boolean block, PVCopy pvCopy,PVStructure pvData,BitSet bitSet) { PVStructure pvs = pvData.getSubField(PVStructure.class, "value"); if(pvs==null) { Status status = statusCreate.createStatus(StatusType.ERROR, "value not found", null); channelPutRequester.putDone(status,channelPut); return; } PVInt pvint = pvs.getSubField(PVInt.class, "index"); if(pvint==null) { Status status = statusCreate.createStatus(StatusType.ERROR, "value.index not found", null); channelPutRequester.putDone(status,channelPut); return; } boolean callWaitingRequester = false; boolean callRequester = true; lock(); try { int current = pvIndex.get(); int newval = pvint.get(); if(current==newval) { if(current==0) { Status status = statusCreate.createStatus(StatusType.WARNING, "record is already Done", null); channelPutRequester.putDone(status,channelPut); } else { Status status = statusCreate.createStatus(StatusType.WARNING, "record is already Busy", null); channelPutRequester.putDone(status,channelPut); } return; } beginGroupPut(); pvCopy.updateMaster(pvData,bitSet); process(); endGroupPut(); if(block&&newval==1) { this.channelPut = channelPut; this.channelPutRequester = channelPutRequester; callRequester = false; return; } else if(newval==0&&this.channelPut!=null) { callWaitingRequester = true; } } finally { unlock(); } if(getTraceLevel()>1) { System.out.println("ChannelPutLocal::put recordName " + getRecordName()); } if(callRequester) channelPutRequester.putDone(okStatus,channelPut); if(callWaitingRequester) { this.channelPutRequester.putDone(okStatus,this.channelPut); this.channelPutRequester = null; this.channelPut = null; } } }
Java code for the proposed implementation is available at: pvDatabaseJava
The example busy record is available at: ExampleBusyRecord