Intro
Drone racing involves navigating a small quadcopter through a series of gates at high speeds, often requiring highly dynamic flight and careful consideration of the constraints presented by the drone gates themselves. In this work, we present an approach to generate optimal minimum-snap reference trajectories given only the positions and orientations of the gates. We also present a controller based on state-feedback linearization and MPC in order to track these trajectories in real-time.
Minimum Snap Trajectory Generation
To generate reference trajectories for MPC to follow, we build on minimum snap trajectory generation. Snap, the fourth derivative of position, is minimized as it indirectly minimizes angular velocity inputs. We parameterize trajectories as fifth order piecewise polynomials parameterized by time. To define the Quadratic Programming (QP) problem, we enforce constraints for state derivatives, continuity, and direction at key waypoints in the trajectory.
Flat-System Dynamics
Differential flatness is a property that allows a nonlinear system to be separated into a linear system and a nonlinear transformation mapping between the two systems. We exploit the differential flatness property of quadcopter dynamics to apply feedback linearization on the nonlinear dynamics, enabling us to solve a linear, transformed system for the optimal controls.
LQR vs MPC
The figure above shows how applying feedforward input given a future time horizon (ie: MPC) helps the drone handle sharp turns well. The LQR controller here would simply attempt to follow the current immediate reference pose using feedback error from the previous timestep. In the main image at the top, the LQR controller causes the drone to undershoot the turn completely.


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My learning style of Abstract Random is an interesting assessment - one that doesn't fully resonante. Althought none of the styles are absolutes as most write-ups are quick to point out.
An excellent summary of abstract random individual: "Dislikes routine procedures and orderliness. Is extremely sensitive to his/her own and others’ feelings. Is flexible, accepting and responds easily to change. Learns well through discussion and sharing of ideas. Is imaginative. Personalizes information. Is usually involved in many projects or interest at one time. Is focused on friends and relationships. Has a fear of not being liked."
Another excellent assessment: "Abstractions are great and it doesn’t matter what sequence. What I’ve seen is the abstract random learners have the simplest time learning because the sequence doesn’t matter, but can have a hard time sharing what they know. I’ve also noticed they get bored when information is sequential and detailed.""
It's true that I'm someone who is imaginative, sensitive, flexible and has the classic fear of not being liked. This can lead me to be more withdrawn and quiet until I feel a sense of bond with a group. That said as I've gotten older I've made a point of forcing myself to speak up in classroom and other group settings so while it may be an initial challenge for me I imagine it'll be something I'll quickly have in hand.
I'm going to not worry about being flexible - at times I think people have perceived it to be an area for growth and I can say, proven out by my professional history, that I have no trouble making decisions. So rather than see that as a limitation I'm going to fully enjoy the fact that I'm only in charge of my learning for the next 9 or so weeks.
I'm also going to embrace the group process even more fully as it's evidently a good mode for me. Perhaps the better way of looking at it is that I'll be excited to build upon the pairing we've done and will focus on the fact that part of the way I learn is through hearing from others as well as watching them work.
The pivotal piece for me I suspect will be the ability to put the need to be liked aside, check my ego and embrace the fact that there are a number of other students whose learning is far beyond my current level. Rather than focus on worrying that I'm holding them back I'll focus onthe fact that I have my own contributions to make and try to keep both my competitive nature and my fear of not being liked in check as much as I possibly can.


Model a scalar target with one or more quantitative features.
Although regression computes a linear combination, features can be transformed by nonlinear functions if relationships are known or can be guessed.
Description
Simple linear regression is a statistical method that studies the relationship between two variables:Model's hypothesis
\(h(x) = \theta_0 + \theta_1 \ast x = \hat{y}\)
Model's parameters (# \(2\))
Cost function (in this case, the squared error function)
\(J(\theta_0, \theta_1) = \frac{1}{2m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \left( \hat{y}^{i} - y^{(i)} \right)^2\)
Goal
\(\underset{\theta_0, \theta_1}{\operatorname{min}} J(\theta_0, \theta_1)\)
Algorithm
notations
gradient descent
keep changing \(\theta_0\) and \(\theta_1\) to reduce \(J(\theta_0, \theta_1)\)
\(\theta_0 = \theta_0 - \alpha \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta_0} J(\theta_0, \theta_1) = \theta_0 - \alpha \left( \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \left( \hat{y}^{i} - y^{(i)} \right) \right)\)
\(\theta_1 = \theta_1 - \alpha \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta_1} J(\theta_0, \theta_1) = \theta_1 - \alpha \left( \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \left(\hat{y}^{i} - y^{(i)} \right) \cdot x^{(i)}\right)\)
directly use the following formulas
\(\theta_1 = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{m} (x^{(i)} - \bar{x}) (y^{(i)} - \bar{y})}{\sum_{i=1}^{m} (x^{(i)} - \bar{x})^2}\)
\(\theta_0 = \bar{y} - \theta_1 \bar{x}\)
hyperparameters
Description
Multivariate linear regression is a statistical method that studies the relationship between multiple variables:Model's hypothesis
\(h(x) = \theta_0 + \theta_1 \ast x_1 + \theta_2 \ast x_2 + ... + \theta_n \ast x_n = \hat{y}\)
Model's parameters (# \(n+1\))
\(\theta=\{\theta_0, \theta_1, ..., \theta_n\}\)
Cost function (in this case, the squared error function)
\(J(\theta) = \frac{1}{2m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \left( \hat{y}^{(i)} - y^{(i)} \right)^2\)
Goal
\(\underset{\theta}{\operatorname{min}} J(\theta)\)
Algorithm
notations
gradient descent
keep changing \(\theta\)s to reduce \(J(\theta)\)
\(\theta_0 = \theta_0 - \alpha \frac{\partial J}{\partial \theta_0} = \theta_0 - \alpha \left( \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \left( \hat{y}^{i} - y^{(i)} \right) \right)\)
\(\theta_1 = \theta_1 - \alpha \frac{\partial J}{\partial \theta_1} = \theta_1 - \alpha \left( \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \left( \hat{y}^{i} - y^{(i)} \right) \cdot x_1^{(i)}\right)\)
...
\(\theta_n = \theta_n - \alpha \frac{\partial J}{\partial \theta_n} = \theta_n - \alpha \left( \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \left( \hat{y}^{i} - y^{(i)} \right) \cdot x_n^{(i)}\right)\)
hyperparameters
Performance evaluation
Problems
make sure features are on similar scales; gradient descent may be slow otherwise
feature scaling: \(x' = \frac{x - min(x)}{max(x) - min(x)}\)
feature scaling with mean normalization: \(x' = \frac{x - mean(x)}{max(x) - min(x)}\)
feature scaling with standardization: \(x' = \frac{x - mean(x)}{std(x)}\)
make sure the gradient descent is working correctly
check model performance
in case of underfitting
try adding new features
e.g, use a polynomial regression
\(\theta_0 + \theta_1 \ast x \ \ \ \Rightarrow \ \ \ \theta_0 + \theta_1 \ast x + \theta_2 \ast x^2 + \theta_3 \ast x^3 + \dots\)
in case of overfitting
get more training examples
try reducing the number of features
try getting additional features
try adding polynomial features
use regularization
keep all the features, but reduce the magnitude of parameters \(\theta\);
works well when working with a lot of features, each of which contributes a bit to predicting \(y\)
intuition: shrink model parameters in order to smooth out the decision boundary (generate a simpler hypothesis)
cost function with the regularization term
\(J(\theta) = \frac{1}{2m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \left( \hat{y}^{(i)} - y^{(i)} \right)^2 + \frac{\lambda}{2m} \sum_{j=1}^{n} \theta_j^2\)
parameter update in gradient descent (for \(j \in \{1, 2, ..., n\}\))
\(\theta_j = \theta_j - \alpha \frac{\partial J}{\partial \theta_j} = \theta_j - \alpha \left( \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \left( \hat{y}^{i} - y^{(i)} \right) \cdot x_j^{(i)} + \frac{\lambda}{m} \theta_j \right) = \theta_j \left( 1 - \alpha \frac{\lambda}{m} \right) - \alpha \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} \left( \hat{y}^{i} - y^{(i)} \right) \cdot x_j^{(i)}\)
\(\lambda\) is the regularization parameter and needs to be tuned;
it controls the trade-off between the goal of fitting the training data well and the goal of keeping the parameters small;
try values \(\lambda \in \{0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, ..., 10\}\)
when using regularization, try increasing or decreasing \(\lambda\)
debugging
choices to make when dealing with an underfit or an overtfit model
machine learning diagnostic


SequenceExecutor(sequence: List<SequenceStep>)
Creates a sequence executor with the passed sequence.
sequence - an array with a sequence.
sequence
Constructor Creates a sequence executor with the passed sequence.


a couple suggestions...
-
madchad86
i really love this program, i just purchased it. i just thought there would be two small things that could make this perfect...
1.) when i use a hot key to display the floater, have it stay there permanently until i press the hotkey again, instead of having it dissapear after six seconds like it does when changing tracks... or atleast make this an option.
2.) somehow implement a remaining time counter because im going crazy without that feature!! maybe on the floater or it would be real cool just some simple small text on the desktop... dont know how possible this is...
thanks and keep up the good work!
-chad
-
Greg Hurrell
1. In the preferences, drag the duration slider across all the way to the right until it displays "Always", then define a hot key to hide/show the Floater.
-
madchad86
Quote: 1. In the preferences, drag the duration slider across all the way to the right until it displays "Always", then define a hot key to hide/show the Floater.
yeah i know this but i meant still have it fade out when tracks change but when i press the hot key have it stay up until i press the hot key again...
that way if i am not doing anything or if i am doing my homework i can just keep the floater up on my desktop with the press of a hot key
Reply
This topic is now closed.


It Works!
Now try one of these links:
Warm Up Exercises
JavaScript Playground
Discography App
Popular JavaScript APIs
Popular JavaScript Frameworks


Here you will find an archive of all the sheet music that I have created. Includes my own compositions and transpositions. Here you will find my BandCamp account, and here you will find my soundcloud, for download. Started off composing piano and instrumental, now moving on to genres like jazz and electronica.
| Song | Composer | Audio |
|---|---|---|
| Starlight | Jayson Tian | |
| Echo (Game) | Jayson Tian | |
| All The Best | Jayson Tian |


Back to all open positions
Machine Learning Engineer
We are looking for engineers with a passion to develop novel machine learning software systems for fraud detection, personalization and CTR prediction and deploy the systems to production, and test them to ensure all client's business needs are covered.
You will perform ETL to build model features using petabyte scale datasets and develop high throughput and low latency systems to serve models in production. You will collaborate with highly innovative engineering teams to put machine learning functionalities into production systems that we build in-house.
Skills
- Familiarity with Tensorflow or Pytorch
- Experience with Speech Processing or similar
- Familiarity with Natural Language Processing
- Familiarity with deep generative model architectures (GAN, VAE, etc)
- Comfortable working with multiple codebases
- Able to think about large architectural design patterns
- Able to use Docker effectively
- Knowledge of scalable, distributed systems using Cloud Providers such as Google Cloud or AWS


PyCon Singapore focuses on subjects at the forefront of Python development, ranging from core language topics to frameworks and specific applications, where speakers from the local community of accomplished Python users and developers are expected. PyCon Singapore is a community conference, organised by volunteers. Formally it is run by the Python User Group (Singapore), which is a non-profit society under Singapore law. PyCon Singapore is a part of the other PyCon conferences held world-wide (www.pycon.org).
PyCon Singapore 2016 would like to invite sponsors to support the efforts and financial resources required to run the conference. By sponsoring PyCon Singapore 2016 in Singapore, you will be giving invaluable practical help to the establishment of an important Free and Open Source Software community conference.
In order to ensure a successful conference the community needs to address a wide range of logistical and organisational challenges. PyCon attendees sometimes require assistance with expenses especially student attendees, and sponsorship enables us to support those who would otherwise be unable to attend.
The attendees of PyCon Singapore will include professional developers from large enterprises and smaller firms as well as people from academia. Delegates come to present their latest developments, get feedback from their peers, discuss future directions and actually sit down and work together on improving their software. With Python already becoming a major enterprise programming language and platform, sponsoring PyCon Singapore 2016 in Singapore is an excellent opportunity to demonstrate industry leadership in this part of the world. The attendance of PyCon Singapore 2016 is expected to be between 250 to 350 delegates.
We are offering the following levels of sponsorship. If you have something different in mind, please don't hesitate to contact us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Create a user account and proceed to the sponsor application page and sign up!
We are looking for sponsors!
If you can help make PyCon SG a success, please message us at conference@pycon.sg


Pizza world Kenya is an African cuisine fast food which was started with the aim of providing the best and tasty pizza. It was started in the year 2013 and it’s located at T mall along Langata road. The cuisine has a total of 200 staff members who are ready to work with the customers and give the best services. With all these, we value our customers, and have plenty of offers on different days and different occasions for example; We have CHEESY THURSDAYS where by if you buy pizza you are given free cheesy topping. There's also DOUBLE TUESDAY; this a buy 1 GET 1 FREE. Is it not a good thing? Visit us and get to enjoy Tasty Tasty Tasty Pizza.
Try out our CHEESY THURSDAYam sure you going to like it


Popular Dishes
-
Dishes Pictures
The name of dish
Dishes intro.
Mount of dishes(One）
The evaluation of dish
Operation
-
steamed fish head with diced hot red peppers
Spicy and made from fresh carp
88(dollar)
8 Stars
-
Stewed pork stir-fry
Not spicy, cooked with braised pork in brown sauce and a special sauce
15(dollar)
8Stars
-
Twice-cooked pork stir-fry
Slightly spicy, twice-cooked pork and small rape
13(dollar)
8Stars
-
Shredded pork with garlic sauce
Hot and sour, taste very good
18(dollar)
9stars
-
Sichuan noodles with peppery sauce
Salty, fresh and slightly spicy, special pasta snacks, thin noodles, mellow marinate
9(dollar)
8stars


There has always been some frustrating problems that the world developers and tech enthusiasts have been facing when multitasking to achieve their desired outcomes, to complete a task or to just search some information. Problems such as an online advertisements that could lure a developer away from the productive work he was doing for a few minutes or after performing a certain number of tasks your computer CPU gets to start overloaded because of all the interfaces running simultaneously which would result in your computer freezing or a possible restart for the computer, such problems has the world developers lose their productivity, time and money without them realizing it and we are glad that we could come up with a solution.
CoQwerty being a robot AI really has an intelligence of a human being, it can interact and have a conversation with you just like a real human, it can reply your greetings or it can answer a few of your questions.
-Write a message like “Hi”, "Hello", "How are you" and hit enter, It will reply.
CoQwerty can provide you with English definitions, synonyms, word origins and etymologies of your desired words at any point of time. Just command CoQwerty to find a word and you have your desired word details right there in front of your eyes, on the same interface.
-all you need to do is write “find” keyword before the word you want to search
CoQwerty can help you bookmark your favorite app/website using it's interface and just command it to open it for you and see the magic.
-Like I use github frequently
-I will “set github www.github.com” and press enter.
-Then write “open github” it will open the github in your browser for you.
CoQwerty can seach anything for you, be it a football match or something related to work, just command it to search something and see CoQwerty become a magician
-Write “Search 'whatever you want to search here'” and press enter.
-Like “Search football match today.”
CoQwerty can provide you a lot of flexibility, you can use it from any text editor including but not limited to notepad, word, notepad++ or even sticky notes widget on your computer. The best thing? You can pause or resume it anytime.
How many times have you been in a situation where your computer just hangs/freezes because of one application where you have lots of tasks going on and you can't close the app to make it go away? CoQwerty's got your back with it's close function, where it would just kill an app with just one command.
-like chrome browser is freezing/not responding and you want to close it.
-write "close chrome.exe" and hit enter it will close the google chrome.


Noah Knows Code
Week 6 @ DBC
February 23rd, 2016
Ruby Classes
At the end of my first week studying Ruby, I was afraid of classes. It was the most advanced chapter that I had read in The Well-Grounded Rubyist. And when I read it, I hardly understood half of the concepts.
What I've come to learn about classes is that they are a cast-mold. Instead of building each object individually, classes provide a quick way to create a new object with pre-defined qualities. I imagine a cast-mold that you can re-use to create a new object, instead of hand carving each one. Overall this saves time and ensures consistent output.
 All of my birds would have wings and they would chirp. Some could make different sounds, but each would eat similar food. These are all qualities that all pet birds would share.
Likewise, if I had to create each of my pet dogs, instead of creating each dog from scratch, I could first create a class. The class of dogs would all share similar traits. Each would bark, have four legs, and pant when they're tired. If I created a template for each dog, I could quickly create a generic dog and add a few identifying traits. By adding a name, color, size, and intelligence level, I could immediately have a pet that was inherently different than my pet birds.
Notice that I could put the same four instance traits in for every pet, but depending on whether I use a bird class or a dog class, the pet would take on very different qualities. This is the way that I think about classes. It is a simple way to quickly and uniformly create many unique objects in the programming world.


15+ Photos From Old Albums That People Want to Both Forget About and Show to Everyone
Old photos are the best way to go back to the past for a while. However, not only do old photo albums consist of sweet and nostalgic photos, but they also have pics that people might be ashamed to show to their friends. And it’s these photos that we usually want to look at over and over again because they can improve our mood perfectly.
Thanks to the characters of this article who didn’t feel shy about sharing their pics with the world, we at Bright Side got a burning desire to look through our old photo archives.
“I happened to be at my parents’ wedding. It seemed that
2 more stomps on my charming heels would get all the men at my feet.”
“I didn’t have a cellphone as a teen so I took a picture of myself using a calculator as a phone.”
“Tried to smile, and channeled Jim Carrey instead.”
“My mom told me to not blink during my 2nd grade class picture.”
“When I was 3 years old, my mom had to pay me to smile for the photographer. Here I am after extorting her for one dollar.”
“My dad with me when he spent a year teaching in the Arctic.
“In 1991, my Alabama school photo featured me bursting through a paper wall, on a skateboard with no back wheel, sporting what some might call a mullet.”
“I thought I was being sly and getting out of the picture.”
“My wife’s parents were cleaning out the house and found this picture. Goth phase 2003...”
“My dad took my brother and I skiing (1991). My brother can be seen crying in the background because we got an RC Cola from the vending machine instead of a 7UP.”
“My friend’s mom made this for him, circa 1986.”
“This was around ‘86, and it was the last time I let my sister do my hair.”
“Early 2000’s glam”
“Me in middle school thinking I was so cool”
“My photo from 1st grade”
“I made ‘wooden armor’ for my arms on a camping trip once, and it fits me better than my actual clothes did.”
Apparently there were no barbershops at that time...
“Thanks, mom, for giving zero cares about matching of prints in my outfit.”
Please show us your old photos that are difficult to look at without making you smile!
Preview photo credit pavlina_aw / Twitter


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A sorting algorithm:
First pass:
- compare item 1 with item 2; swap them if necessary;
- compare item 2 with item 3; swap them if necessary;
- etc. - this ensures that the last item is the largest;
second pass:
-as the first pass, but stop at the second from last item - this ensures that the final two items are the two largest;
third pass... etc.


tile waves
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Coacal151.github.io
Resource details for PSA6005 PSA3605 Kurzanleitung - Issue. PSA Series 5 Spectrum Analyzers Aim-TTi. The PSA6005 is a 6GHz handheld RF Spectrum Analysers incorporates bench-top level features within in a portable spectrum analyser. The PSA series 5 is sufficiently small and lightweight to fit comfortably into the hand - unlike most other so called handheld spectrum analysers. Aim-TTi PSA Series 5 Handheld RF Spectrum Analyzer with 10MHz to 3.6 or 6.0GHz bandwidth options.
The PSA6005 from Aim-TTi is a RF Spectrum Analyzer with Frequency 10 MHz to 6.0 GHz, Resolution Bandwidth 300 Hz to 10 MHz, DANL -120 dBm, Noise Floor -120 dBm, Power 25 dBm. Tags: Analyzer with Screen. More details for PSA6005 can be seen below. PSA Series 5 Spectrum Analyzers Aim-TTi International. Please provide as much detail as possible regarding item 300-08-863, Spectrum Analyser
- 1 - 1 Sicherheitsinformationen 3 2 Allgemeine Informationen 4 2.1 Informationen zu dieser Anleitung 4 2.2 Specifications and Capabilities (Spezifikationen und Fähigkeiten). Aim-TTi PSA3605 PSA6005 Advanced Handheld RF Spectrum Analysers 3.6GHz 6.0GHz. Typical 'handheld' spectrum analysers may have dimensions circa 260 x 170 mm and weigh more than 2000g. KURZANLEITUNG - Aim-TTi International. PSA6005 PSA3605 Kurzanleitung - Issue 3 details - Aim-TTi. PSA6005 Buy Spectrum Analyser 6 GHz Aim-TTi Distrelec. Aim-TTi PSA6005USC Handheld Spectrum Analyser
PSA6005 - Aim-TTi RF Spectrum Analyzer. PSA6005 AIM-TTI INSTRUMENTS, Spectrum Analyser, Handheld.


Why Choose MYXDashboard?
This web based app template give you much power to build your great application.
Regular Updates
No need to worry about subscription or renewal fees. Once you buy a theme, you receive upgrades at no cost.
Lightweight, Fast Loading
MYXDashboard stays out of your way by only providing essential functionality and lets you build out only what you need.
Help & Support
If you run into any issues, we're here to help you figure it out! Feel free to email us if you need some assistance!
Our detailed documentation enables you to get your project completed quickly, by answering the most common implementation questions you may have.
Responsive, Mobile First.
Designed to be Mobile First so it displays well and loads quickly on most modern devices, including desktops, tablets, and mobile browsers.
Mobile
Tablet
Desktop


PODSELECT
Section: Perl Programmers Reference Guide (1)Updated: 2012-06-22
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
podselect - print selected sections of pod documentation on standard outputSYNOPSIS
podselect [-help] [-man] [-section section-spec] [file ...]OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS
- -help
- Print a brief help message and exit.
- -man
- Print the manual page and exit.
- -section section-spec
- Specify a section to include in the output. See ``SECTION SPECIFICATIONS'' in Pod::Parser for the format to use for section-spec. This option may be given multiple times on the command line.
- file
- The pathname of a file from which to select sections of pod documentation (defaults to standard input).
DESCRIPTION
podselect will read the given input files looking for pod documentation and will print out (in raw pod format) all sections that match one ore more of the given section specifications. If no section specifications are given than all pod sections encountered are output.podselect invokes the podselect() function exported by Pod::Select Please see ``podselect()'' in Pod::Select for more details.
SEE ALSO
Pod::Parser and Pod::SelectAUTHOR
Please report bugs using <http://rt.cpan.org>.Brad Appleton<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Based on code for Pod::Text::pod2text(1) written by Tom Christiansen<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:09 GMT, December 24, 2015


{% include "component/head.html" %}
Repositories - Cardiff Web
{% include "component/navbar.html" %}
Repositories
{{ current_repo }}
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Setting
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{% if uploaded %}
Uploaded!
{{ uploaded }} Uploaded!
{% endif %} {% if committed %}
Committed!
{{ committed }} Committed.
{% endif %}
Latest commit 12345678 xxx ago
file
commit message
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{% include "alert/maintenance.html" %}
{% include "alert/maintenance.html" %}
{% include "modal/fileupload.html" %} {% include "modal/filecommit.html" %}
{% include "panel/branches.html" %} {% include "panel/commitlog.html" %}
{% include "component/footer.html" %}


Hawaii officials warn of possible mosquito-borne illness
WAILUKU, Hawaii (AP) - The Hawaii Department of Health has notified a Maui neighborhood of a suspected case of a mosquito-borne illness near their residences.
The Maui News reported Thursday that the case involves a resident with a suspected illness acquired while traveling internationally.
Spokeswoman Janice Okubo says in an email that the health department expects test results within days.
TOP STORIES
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The department issued about 80 letters to residents in a Kahului neighborhood after officials were notified of the case within 200 yards (183 meters) of their homes.
Okubo would not provide the exact streets involved to protect the patient’s identity.
Okubo says the Nov. 8 letters are part of the department’s protocol and preventative action.
The notice asks residents to eliminate standing water around their homes and try to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes.
Information from: The Maui News, http://www.mauinews.com
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What is Visual Onix?
Adding graphics to a webpage hasn't always been an easy task. Most of the times programmers have to hire a designer that knows how to work with tools like Adobe Illustrator or Sketch. Others need to dedicate most of their time getting familiar with those softwares, which is something they don't necessarily want or have the time to do. Therefore they might decide to add JPEG or PNG images to the web page, which don’t scale very well and can make the page slower. This is where Scalable Vector Graphics with Visual Onix comes in.
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML based vector format built to simplify 2D graphics creations. These images are written in XML and can be scripted, meaning that animations can be created with them. Visual Onix intends to close the boundaries between coders and graphic designers when it comes to web page development. This tool will serve as a compact development environment for web developers in order to create, design, and animate graphics in websites with easier programming methods. The software will also have a scope of an open-source project. This will make it available for developers to make new libraries and designs, creating an active and supporting community.
With Visual Onix, generating SVG is fast, easy and maintainable. This is achieved by utilizing the concept of object oriented and scripting capabilities from high level imperative and concurrent languages. Visual Onix uses these same concepts, focusing on generating both simple and complex SVG graphics by simply calling methods. Its purpose is to become an easy to learn programming language to save time and headaches for programmers when it comes to adding and customizing graphics in web pages.
Language Tutorial
Language Development
Visual Onix is language based on libraries obtained from Python. These libraries are called PLY Lex and PLY Parse. Firstly, from the IDLE Python GUI, the user must run VisualOnixLex.py to call the lexical analyzer created from the library ply.lex. This files allows us to create the tokens and send it to the parser to be executed. When the code it's executed in the IDLE, a terminal window will prompt. Each time a user writes visual onix code the parser changes this code into a Python code, which converts it to an html code with the svg reference.


{% load static %}
Do you have a confused Rubik's cube and need to solve it in a hurry?
Well, great news! Scan it here. Then, you can follow the Cube Solver to fix your cube!
As we all know, it is very difficult to explore the solution of games (such as Rubik's cube, chess and card) in traditional way. For Rubik's cube, the total solution space of the third level is only 4.33 × 10 ^ 19, and it is impossible to explore the whole solution by traditional manpower. With the help of machine learning, we can explore the solution of game and help players to participate in the game better.
The research object of this subject is Rubik's cube. As a kind of educational toy, cube is popular with the public for its entertainment. However, the rules of cube are complex, and the novices who play cube always have no way to start.
The main work of this project is as follows:
(1) analyze and compare the shortcomings of the existing software or web page for solving Rubik's cube(2) design and implement a solution that allows players to restore Rubik's cube faster① front page: the entity cube input mode is mainly photography, supplemented by color correction. For expert players, it can also be directly input through rotation sequence; it provides the progress bar function of the cube solution process② background: by comparing the current mainstream algorithm of solving cube, and taking into account the user experience, we choose the improved two phase algorithm as cube solver's algorithm of solving Rubik's cube(3) prospect the realized functions and propose the next improvement plan |
Through our research, we have realized the functions that the existing software or web pages do not have. For players, we can provide clear guidance on the process of restoring the cube. Here we provide a video to introduce the capabilities of Cube Solver.
 Note that you should aim each one side of the cube at the camera instead of yourself.   Turn the Rubik's cube 90 degrees clockwise at the top angle, scan this face (In this example, scan the green face), and turn back to the initial front face after scanning. |
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Step3. Turn the Rubik's cube 90 degrees counter clockwise at the top angle, scan this face (In this example, scan the blue face), and turn back to the initial front face after scanning. |
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Step4. Take the right hand as the base point, turn the Rubik's cube down 90 degrees, scan this face (In this example, scan the red face), and then turn back to the initial front face after scanning. |
|
Step5. Take the right hand as the base point, turn the Rubik's cube up 90 degrees, scan the face (In this example, scan the orange face), and then turn back to the initial front face after scanning. |
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Step6. Turn the Rubik's cube 180 degrees at the top angle, scan this face (In this example, scan the yellow face). |
After reading the above introduction, do you have any idea to try it yourself? Here we provide a demo, let's try to sovle a cube with cube solver!. If you don't have a solid cube that can be used to break up, it doesn't matter. You can try to click the button "Random". The cube on the right will be randomly scramble. Then click the button "Solve" and wait a moment, a solution progress bar will appear. Follow the progress bar to restore step by step, and you will fix your cube! Don't forget the cube on the right is 3D and rotatable, press and drag the left mouse button to try.
When you have a solid cube, you can follow the following process:
Step 1. Scan all sides of the cube in the order of scanning through webcam. |
Step 2. Click the button "Draw" to map the six scanned faces to the Rubik's cube expansion map on the left, because the color of the scanning will be incorrect, you can correct it manually in this step. |
Step 3. Click the button "Solve", and follow the progress bar to restore step by step, as mentioned before. We will verify your input before we solve the cube. If it is not solvable, we will give a prompt: please check your input. |
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One of the biggest challenges of this project is color recognition. The computer has a digital model, it is easy to find out the color of pixels displayed on the display, but it is difficult to read the input of the camera to find out the color distribution of the cube. Because cube surface will reflect light, considering the illumination, if the brightness is too high, cube surface will show glare, so we can guess the color. We choose to recognize colors by converting RGB to HSV.
First, RGB to HSV:
Then, HSV to Colors:
One thing we can be sure of is that unchecked input of the Rubik's cube may not be solved. In order to avoid user's wrong input, we need to design an algorithm to check whether the input is solvable. This part uses test cases to drive development. First, write the test input, and then look for projects on GitHub that pass all the test cases. After our test, many verification modules only verify the number of six colors, rather than really verify whether the user input is legal. There is an error state input, which can not be excluded by ordinary verification module: only exchange the center block color of any two faces.
This state is obviously wrong input, but many verification modules still pass the verification and give it to the background algorithm. The background algorithm can also generate the so-called restore solution sequence U D R2 L2 U D' R2 L2 D2, but there is no effective solution in fact.
Here is a diagram to illustrate the architecture design of Cube Solver.
In the aspect of Rubik's cube solution, we choose the Optimized Kociemba Algorithm (Kociemba Algorithm also called Two Phase Algorithm).
The names of the facelet positions of the cube in the Optimized Kociemba Algorithm:
A cube definition string "UBL..." means for example: In position U1 we have the U-color, in position U2 we have the B-color, in position U3 we have the L color etc. according to the order U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, U6, U7, U8, U9, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9 of the enum constants.
The API code to call the solve Rubik's cube algorithm in this HTML file is:
And we provide the API interface of the solution. (1) Request address: https://czx.ac.cn/solver. (2) Request method: get. Input parameter: state. (3) Return format is JSON, where "move" is the solution sequence of Rubik's cube. Here is an example:
We provide an automatic test scheme demo: save the rotation sequence in the input file input.txt, and run the test file automatedTest.py for testing. You can find automatedTest.py and a demo of input.txt from the "test" folder in our GitHub. Here is a test video to see the test process and effect.
Due to the limitation of technology, scanning input can not be tested automatically. We choose the two most common entity Rubik's cube on the market, the real color Rubik's cube and the sticker Rubik's cube. After testing in different light, the success rate of real color cube is higher than that of sticker cube. This is related to our HSV identification interval design.
We compare the O-Kociemba with other algorithms for solving Rubik's cube (including O-Kociemba with different parameters, DeepCubeA, LayerFirst, CFOP, and Kociemba) in the number of output steps based on the same input. There are 1000 sets of the input in the experiment, and the experimental results show in two tables and four figures.
We define two counting modes: mode 1 considers "D2" as one step, and mode 2 considers "D2" as two steps.
In counting mode 1: the curve in Figure 1 is the comparison of six algorithms, and Figure 2 is the curve with steps of 15-40 in the enlarged version of Figure 1. In counting mode 2: the curve in Figure 3 is the comparison of six algorithms, and Figure 4 is the curve with steps of 15-45 in the enlarged version of Figure 3. Table 1 is the detailed quantization data of six algorithms in two different counting modes.
It should be pointed out that the first parameter of O-Kociemba algorithm is the expected number of steps, and the second parameter is the limit time. Obviously, O-Kociemba can explore more solution states when the time limit is larger. And, whether it is O-Kociemba(18,5) or O-Kociemba(20,2), the actual steps are less than other algorithms in most cases. Although we can see from table 1 that O-Kociemba(18,5) and O-Kociemba(20,2) are not as good as DeepCubeA algorithm in counting mode 2, the counting mode defined in mode 2 is obviously not suitable for real users to solve the cube. Therefore, count mode 1 is the user's actual experience standard. Thus, considering the effect of user experience, we choose O-Kociemba(20,2) as our Rubik's cube solution algorithm.
In particular, we provide the comparison method and python file of O-Kociemba(20,2) and DeepCubeA, you can find compareCubeSolverAndDeepCubeA.py, drawResult.py, result.xls and result.png from the "test" folder in our GitHub. Here is a demo test video about comparing OKociemba(20,2) with DeepCubeA in counting mode 1, and the detailed testing process can be accessed here.
What we now know is that if the progress bar is clicked too fast, it will fail to restore. This is because Cube.js has a certain delay when it is restored. If the interval is shorter than this delay, this failure will happen.
In the scanning input stage, some filtering rules can be added to help guess the sticker color. For example, Hiden Markov Model (HMM) is a good choice.
|
hkociemba, author of our solving Rubik's cube algorithm file RubiksCube-TwophaseSovler. petr-lee, author of our scanning Rubik's cube module file RubikScan. mfeather1, author of our drawing Rubik's cube and verification input module file 3ColorCube. kmh0228, author of our showing Rubik's cube module file Cube.js. iyangyuan, author of our solving Rubik's cube process bar module file ystep. carbon-app, author of our highlight codes pictures file carbon. Forest Agostinelli, Stephen McAleer, Alexander Shmakov, Pierre Baldi, thank you for opening the source code of the algorithm DeepCubeA. Peng Qiancheng, Qi Bing, Duan Xu, thank you for your help in analyzing algorithm DeepCubeA. Alibaba Cloud Computing, our server supplier, thank you for your low price server. Professor Luo Tiejian, thank you for your idea. |
To be continue...


Tele Health
By School of Health and Rehabilitation
Reference
References. . .
Definition of key terms
1.
Gerard P, Kapadia N, Chang PT, Acharya J, Seiler M, Lefkovitz Z.
Extended outlook: description, utilization, and daily applications of cloud technology in radiology.
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013;201(6):W809-811.
2.
Daniel H, Sulmasy LS, Health ACP,
Public Policy C. Policy Recommendations to Guide the Use of Telemedicine in Primary Care Settings: An American College of Physicians Position Paper.
Ann Intern Med. 2015.
3.
Watzlaf VR, Ondich B.
VoIP for Telerehabilitation: A Pilot Usability Study for HIPAA Compliance.
Int J Telerehabil. 2012;4(1):25-32.
4.
ATA,
Practice Guidelines for Tele-Burn Care (Draft). 2015
5.
ATA,
Clinical Guidelines for Telepathology. 2014
6.
Cason J, Behl D, Ringwalt S.
Overview of States' Use of Telehealth for the Delivery of Early Intervention (IDEA Part C) Services.
Int J Telerehabil. 2012;4(2):39-46.
7.
Watzlaf VJ, Moeini S, Matusow L, Firouzan P.
VOIP for Telerehabilitation: A Risk Analysis for Privacy, Security and HIPAA Compliance: Part II. Int J Telerehabil. 2011;3(1):3-10.
8.
Naam NH, Sanbar S.
Advanced technology and confidentiality in hand surgery.
J Hand Surg Am. 2015;40(1):182-187.
9.
Mendelson DS, Erickson BJ, Choy G.
Image sharing: evolving solutions in the age of interoperability.
J Am Coll Radiol. 2014;11(12 Pt B):1260-1269.
10.
Brinson C.
IT security: what all orthopedic surgeons must know. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2012;41(1):44-46.
11.
Paing WW, Weller RA, Welsh B, Foster T, Birnkrant JM, Weller EB.
Telemedicine in children and adolescents.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2009;11(2):114-119.
12.
American Telemedicine Association, Quality Healthcare Through Telecommunications Technology Telehealth Practice Recommendations for Diabetic Retinopathy, 2011.
13.
American Telemedicine Association, Quality Healthcare Through Telecommunications Technology Evidence-Based Practice for Telemental Health, 2009.
14.
Scarfone, K, Souppaya, M, Sexton, M.
Guide to storage encryption technologies for end user devices,
NIST special publication 800-111, 2007. URL: http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-111.pdf


Learn Makefiles
With the tastiest examples
Start the Tutorial
Makefile Cookbook
Star
Makefile Tutorial
Star
Getting started video
Getting started video


Welcome to the Web Design S.T.E.A.M Activity!
Why am I qualified to teach this course? Well I recieved a masters in web design from Harvard.
Oh wait, I mispoke
I photoshopped a masters in web design from Harvard.


I am Robert Marcelino, computer enthusiast, full stack developer, working mainly in rails, but also in ASP.NET and C #.
I give myself completely to the projects in which I get involved, I try to offer my knowledge to all my partners as well as to learn from them as much as possible to achieve a better result.
Development of web applications for internal and external clients, creation of professional solutions of high quality in Ruby on Rails
Representative of services for a state social security regulatory institution.
Among the functions performed are: management of the branch's operating team, cash management, administrative management of the branch office, support to the branch manager.
Development of applications from scratch and modifications of existing code. Integration of third party api's.
Testing evaluation, code review, Unit test
Technical support, incident tracking, server configuration for production.


*PEG*BAR*
frame
1
of
1
new frame
set guide frame
erase
.
delete frame
.
prev frame
next frame
.
play
.
export animated gif
export png sprite sheet
.
save project


Powerful machine vision platform for Micro Robotics
Full API support within Arduino IDE，Arduino I/O port support
SSH, Serial port accessible Node.js, OpenCV installed
Open Source code and design
Unique WIFI module allows you to set up AP Mode or AD Mode
Allow you to record and Live streaming HD video to any or your device or control center
Help you connect and control the board


Data Science
Projected Time
Prerequisites
No Prerequisites.
Motivation
Data science is a sexy job. The salaries are high, the work is interesting, and there’s significant prestige that comes with the title.
A data scientist will:
Objectives
Participants will be able to:
- Create a Jupyter Notebook to begin data analysis
- Perform exploratory data analysis (EDA)
- Understand the purpose and methods of cleaning data
- Understand the methods of analyzing a dataset
Specific Things to Learn
- Accessing Jupyter Notebooks
- Importing libraries such as pandas and NumPy into Jupyter Notebooks
- Techniques for exploratory data analysis (EDA)
- Identifying missing or erroneous data for possible cleaning
- Using pandas and NumPy to analyze a dataset
Materials
Lesson
Data science is a multi-disciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract knowledge and insights from data in various forms, both structured and unstructured, similar to data mining.
LifeCycle of Data Science
- Tools like Pandas, Numpy, Hadoop, Spark etc comprise an important part of the data science toolbox. It is up to the data scientist to figure out which tool to use in different circumstances (as well as how to use the tool correctly) in order to solve analytically open-ended problems.
Common Mistakes / Misconceptions
- Access to More Data Translates to Higher Accuracy
- Data Science and Business Intelligence Are the Same
- You Must Have Access to Lots of Data
Guided Practice
Independent Practice
Check for Understanding
Form small groups and discuss:
Supplemental Materials


| vis.gam {mgcv} | R Documentation |
Produces perspective or contour plot views of gam
model
predictions, fixing all but the values in view
to the values supplied in cond
.
vis.gam(x,view=NULL,cond=list(),n.grid=30,too.far=0,col=NA, color="heat",contour.col=NULL,se=-1,type="link", plot.type="persp",zlim=NULL,nCol=50,...)
x |
a |
view |
an array containing the names of the two main effect terms to be displayed on the
x and y dimensions of the plot. If omitted the first two suitable terms
will be used. Note that variables coerced to factors in the model formula won't work
as view variables, and |
cond |
a named list of the values to use for the other predictor terms
(not in |
n.grid |
The number of grid nodes in each direction used for calculating the plotted surface. |
too.far |
plot grid nodes that are too far from the points defined by the variables given in |
col |
The colours for the facets of the plot. If this is |
color |
the colour scheme to use for plots when |
contour.col |
sets the colour of contours when using |
se |
if less than or equal to zero then only the predicted surface is plotted, but if greater than zero, then 3
surfaces are plotted, one at the predicted values minus |
type |
|
plot.type |
one of |
zlim |
a two item array giving the lower and upper limits for the z-axis
scale. |
nCol |
The number of colors to use in color schemes. |
... |
other options to pass on to |
The x and y limits are determined by the ranges of the terms named in view
. If se
<=0 then
a single (height colour coded, by default) surface is produced, otherwise three (by default see-through) meshes are produced at
mean and +/- se
standard errors. Parts of the x-y plane too far from
data can be excluded by setting too.far
All options to the underlying graphics functions can be reset by passing them
as extra arguments ...
: such supplied values will always over-ride the
default values used by vis.gam
.
Simply produces a plot.
The routine can not detect that a variable has been coerced to factor within a model formula,
and will therefore fail if such a variable is used as a view
variable. When setting
default view
variables it can not detect this situation either, which can cause failures
if the coerced variables are the first, otherwise suitable, variables encountered.
Simon Wood<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Based on an original idea and design by Mike Lonergan.
library(mgcv) set.seed(0) n<-200;sig2<-4 x0 <- runif(n, 0, 1);x1 <- runif(n, 0, 1) x2 <- runif(n, 0, 1) y<-x0^2+x1*x2 +runif(n,-0.3,0.3) g<-gam(y~s(x0,x1,x2)) old.par<-par(mfrow=c(2,2)) # display the prediction surface in x0, x1 .... vis.gam(g,ticktype="detailed",color="heat",theta=-35) vis.gam(g,se=2,theta=-35) # with twice standard error surfaces vis.gam(g, view=c("x1","x2"),cond=list(x0=0.75)) # different view vis.gam(g, view=c("x1","x2"),cond=list(x0=.75),theta=210,phi=40, too.far=.07) # ..... areas where there is no data are not plotted # contour examples.... vis.gam(g, view=c("x1","x2"),plot.type="contour",color="heat") vis.gam(g, view=c("x1","x2"),plot.type="contour",color="terrain") vis.gam(g, view=c("x1","x2"),plot.type="contour",color="topo") vis.gam(g, view=c("x1","x2"),plot.type="contour",color="cm") par(old.par) # Examples with factor and "by" variables fac<-rep(1:4,20) x<-runif(80) y<-fac+2*x^2+rnorm(80)*0.1 fac<-factor(fac) b<-gam(y~fac+s(x)) vis.gam(b,theta=-35,color="heat") # factor example z<-rnorm(80)*0.4 y<-as.numeric(fac)+3*x^2*z+rnorm(80)*0.1 b<-gam(y~fac+s(x,by=z)) vis.gam(b,theta=-35,color="heat",cond=list(z=1)) # by variable example vis.gam(b,view=c("z","x"),theta= -135) # plot against by variable


some cool things, like writing, I need to write more to test the formatting of paragraphs in HTML, and more text is really needed for that. this section would be a sample from a project or details about my interests


PHOTOGRAPHY
Being able to record memories is the major reason why I love photography. Photography has expanded my view of the world and helped me to see the underlying oneness in everyone.
I love photography because it makes me feel one with nature or one with the people who are subjects of my photography. When I am composing a shot and focusing on how to get the best picture, I forget all about myself. I can transcend the limitations of my mind and body and merge with the subject.


Demographic and clinical characteristics of the 15,152 patients investigated by the Institut Pasteurs du Laos arbovirus surveillance system between 2012 and 2019.
Note: a Dengue-positive: RT-PCR and or NS1-positive. b Data concerning clinical diagnosis were collected from 2015 onwards. DF: Dengue fever, DHF: Dengue hemorrhagic fever, DSS: Dengue shock syndrome. † No clinical data.


HTML Introduction
What is HTML?
HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.
- HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
- HTML describes the structure of a Web page
- HTML consists of a series of elements
- HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
- HTML elements are represented by tags
- HTML tags label pieces of content such as "heading", "paragraph", "table", and so on
- Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the page
A Simple HTML Document
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Page Title</title>

My First Heading

My first paragraph.

Example Explained
- The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines this document to be HTML5
- The  element is the root element of an HTML page
- The  element contains meta information about the document
- The <title> element specifies a title for the document
- The  element contains the visible page content
- The
 element defines a large heading
- The
 element defines a paragraph
Web Browsers
The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read
HTML documents and display them.
The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine
how to display the document:
The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web pages correctly.
It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:
<!DOCTYPE html>
CSS Intoduction
What is CSS?
- CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
- CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media
- CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once
- External stylesheets are stored in CSS files
Why Use CSS?
CSS is used to define styles for your web pages, including the design, layout and variations in display for different devices and screen sizes.
CSS Saves a Lot of Work!
The style definitions are normally saved in external .css files.
With an external stylesheet file, you can change the look of an entire website by changing just one file!
CSS Syntax
A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block:
The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.
The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.
Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a colon.
A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces.
Example
In this example all
 elements will be center-aligned, with a red text color:
p {
color: red;
text-align: center;
}
The CSS id Selector
The id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML element to select a specific element.
The id of an element is unique within a page, so the id selector is used to select one unique element!
To select an element with a specific id, write a hash (#) character, followed by the id of the element.
Example
The CSS rule below will be applied to the HTML element with id="para1":
#para1 {
color: red;
text-align: center;
}
Note:An id name cannot start with a number!
The CSS class Selector
The class selector selects HTML elements with a specific class attribute.
To select elements with a specific class, write a period (.) character, followed by the class name.
Example
In this example all HTML elements with class="center" will be red and center-aligned:
.center {
color: red;
text-align: center;
}
You can also specify that only specific HTML elements should be affected by a class.
Example
In this example only
 elements with class="center" will be center-aligned:
p.center {
color: red;
text-align: center;
}
The CSS Universal Selector
The universal selector (*) selects all HTML elements on the page.
Example
The CSS rule below will affect every HTML element on the page:
* {
color: red;
text-align: center;
}


--- layout: post title: Drakensang River Of Time - Personal Edition date: '2009-11-10T13:19:00.001+01:00' author: Andre Weissflog tags: modified_time: '2009-11-10T13:21:36.675+01:00' blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2948438400037317662.post-2843688925526575611 blogger_orig_url: http://flohofwoe.blogspot.com/2009/11/drakensang-rot-personal-edition.html ---
Check this out: www.amazon.de/amflussderzeit
Amazon starts pre-ordering for the super-limited German *personalized edition* of “Drakensang - River Of Time” with your own name on the box. First time any game offers this, as far as we’re aware at least. I really, really dig the DVD box cover by the way. We got some of those posters a few days ago and they’re simply admirable :o)


United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2014, 2012 Census of Agriculture County-Level Boundaries, (CoUS_GCS12.shp -.shx, -.dbf, -.sbn, -.sbx, -.prj, CoAK_GCS12.shp -.shx, -.dbf, -.sbn, -.sbx, -.prj, CoHI_GCS12.shp -.shx, -.dbf, -.sbn, -.sbx, -.prj, CoPR_GCS12.shp -.shx, -.dbf, -.sbn, -.sbx, -.prj): U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Fairfax, Virginia.Online Links:
Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest .000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest .000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal Degrees.
The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.
The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.
The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.
The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222.
Sequential unique whole numbers automatically generated.
Coordinates defining the features.
| Formal codeset | |
|---|---|
| Codeset Name: | U.S. Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of The United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 6-4): Washington, D.C. National Institute of Standards and Technology. |
| Codeset Source: | U.S. Bureau of the Census |
| Formal codeset | |
|---|---|
| Codeset Name: | U.S. Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of The United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 6-4): Washington, D.C. National Institute of Standards and Technology. |
| Codeset Source: | U.S. Bureau of the Census |
| Formal codeset | |
|---|---|
| Codeset Name: | U.S. Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of The United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 6-4): Washington, D.C. National Institute of Standards and Technology. |
| Codeset Source: | U.S. Bureau of the Census |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 4.845 (actual value, not min. range value) |
| Maximum: | 265722.87 (actual value, not max. range value) |
| Units: | Square mile |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 3100.8 (actual value, not min. range value) |
| Maximum: | 170062636.8 (actual value, not max. range value) |
| Units: | Acre |
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| County, Parish, Municipio, Agricultural Census Area | Type of county-level entity. |
| Formal codeset | |
|---|---|
| Codeset Name: | U.S. Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of The United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 6-4): Washington, D.C. National Institute of Standards and Technology. |
| Codeset Source: | U.S. Bureau of the Census |
| Formal codeset | |
|---|---|
| Codeset Name: | U.S. Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of The United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 6-4): Washington, D.C. National Institute of Standards and Technology. |
| Codeset Source: | U.S. Bureau of the Census |
Research and Development Division staff
703-877-8000 (voice)
703-877-8044 (FAX)
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The boundaries are intended for geographic display and analysis at the county- level. The boundary data are designed for small scale thematic mapping applications at a scale of 1:20,000,000 or smaller (e.g., 1:50,000,000, etc.). The county-level boundaries are provided "as is". The USDA/NASS does not warrant the results you may obtain using the Agricultural Census county-level boundary data.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Geography Division, 2012, counties_2012_20_million.shp, -.shx, -.dbf (Generalized digital vector files): U.S. Bureau of the Census, Geography Division, Suitland, MD.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Geography Division, 2012, counties_2012_area_perim.DBF (2012 U.S. county land area, perimeter data): U.S. Bureau of the Census, Geography Division, Suitland, MD.
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2012, 2012 county-level boundary files with FIPS codes converted to Agricultural Census county codes: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington, DC.
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2012, 2012 county-level boundary files populated with land area values in square miles: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington, DC.
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2012, 2012 Agricultural Census county-level boundary files created and land area summed: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington, DC.
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2012, 2012 Agricultural Census county-level boundary files populated, land area values in acres: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington, DC.
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2013, 2012 Agricultural Census county-level boundary files extracted and projected for US, AK, HI, PR: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington, DC.
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2013, Final unprojected 2012 Agricultural Census county-level boundary files for US, AK, HI, PR: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington, DC.
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Unmodified entities have entity codes and names which conform to the American National Standards Institute, INCITS 31:200x, formerly Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 6-4. Area values in square miles are derived from land polygon area values from the U.S. Census Bureau's TIGER database.
The county-level boundary data are highly generalized and suitable for use in small scale (1:20,000,000) thematic mapping applications. No accuracy tests were performed.
The generalized data do NOT include 1) boundaries for the Aleutian Islands in the Eastern Hemisphere, 2) boundaries for Hawaiian Islands west of -160.555771 degrees longitude, 3) very small polygons because of coordinate thinning, and 4) water polygons. This data set provides the land area in square miles and in acres for each county equivalent (or agricultural census area in Alaska). The land area values are based on the area of land polygons from the U.S. Census Bureau's TIGER database. If a county is composed of several polygons, the area value assigned to each polygon is the land area value of the entire county (for the purpose of choropleth mapping). Some of the county-level boundaries were modified to show geographic areas for which Agricultural Census statistics are reported. County Federal Information Processing (FIPS) codes for the modified counties were replaced by Agricultural Census county codes. States with modifications to their county boundaries and county codes are - Alaska, Hawaii, Maryland, Missouri, Virginia (and the District of Columbia).
No topological checks were performed on the data.
Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
- Access_Constraints: None
- Use_Constraints:
- None. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service would be appreciated in products derived from these data files.
1-800-727-9540 (voice)
202-690-2090 (FAX)
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>United States: 2012 Census of Agriculture downloadable county-level boundary files.
Users of the Agricultural Census state-level boundary data are solely responsible for interpretations made from the product. The boundary data are provided "as is". USDA/NASS does not warrant results you may obtain by using the boundary data. Feel free to contact our staff at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>if technical questions arise in the use of the state-level boundary data.
| Data format: | ESRI Shapefile (.shp, .shx., .dbf, .sbn, .sbx, .prj) Size: 1.839 |
|---|---|
| Network links: |
<http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Online_Resources/Ag_Atlas_Maps/mapfiles/CoGenAll_GCS12.zip> |
703-877-8000 (voice)
703-877-8044 (FAX)
HQ_RDD_OD_Staff@nass.usda.gov