How I Found a Secret Menu
04 Jan 2017There is this cool restaurant that my girlfriend and I like to visit called Gordos. This place serves some awesome good looking burgers and milkshakes.
Recently I heard some rumors about a secret menu they have. I googled a bit, and found out that there is actually a secret menu and it’s hidden in their mobile app. According to what people say on the internet, in order to find the secret menu you have to click an item in the regular menu, and the secret menu would just pop.
I tried clicking items on the menu for a couple of minutes, but with no success. So I decided to go deeper.
I started by downloading and decompiling the apk file. I had no idea where to start looking in this big project, so I tried searching for some keywords like ‘סודי’ (secret) and ‘תפריט’ (menu), but I found nothing. That was weird. The word ‘תפריט’ for sure should exist in the app, it’s right there, on the main screen. There is only one solution for this problem I could think of – it downloads the content of the app from the interwebz.
First I wanted to check my theory. I put the phone on airplane mode and opened the app – nothing. The app doesn’t work without internet connection, five points to team ‘it loads the content from the interwebz’.
Now I just need to see what it loads from the internet – in order to intercept the traffic of the app I downloaded Chales, set it as a proxy server on my phone and opened the app. I was expecting for some javascript code to be loaded, but no, it just loaded insane amount of json files (~20MB of json files). This time, when I searched for ‘סודי’, it found several results. Lots of these results seemed not relevant, but then I found this:
The value in the ‘title’ field is ‘Gordos secret menu’ – jackpot! But, I expected that the ‘items’ field would contain the actual items in the secret menu, but no – it just contained null value. Luckily, the second object in the ‘catalog’ array was another object where the value of ‘title’ was just ‘secret menu’, and there the ‘items’ array actually contained the items of the secret menu:
Another jackpot! But that wasn’t good enough, I wanted to see this menu inside the actual app – I needed to know which item in the menu I had to click in order for the secret menu to appear. I thought to myself, something in the app should know how to display the secret menu, so somewhere inside this json or the code of the app I decompiled there had to be a reference to this secret menu. I took the id of the secret menu and searched it in the json file, and I found it 🙂
As you can see, it looks like there is an action related with this item which is some sort of baked potatoes and the id of the secret menu.. Looks like there should be a button on the element which says ‘חזור’ (go back) and it should perform a ‘openCatalogItems’ on this secret menu catalog. I opened the app, found this baked potato item, clicked on it, it showed me a picture of the meal, with two buttons on the bottom – ‘go back’ and ‘share on facebook’.. I clicked the ‘go back’ button.. and voila:
**“Shhhhhhhhhhhh!”
**“Dont tell anyone! You found our secret menu 🙂 No doubt
you deserve a prize for finding the treasure”
And here’s the menu, in case you ever visit the restaurant:


Choose the correct answer
1. Inside which HTML element do we put the JavaScript?
2. What is the correct JavaScript syntax to change the content of the HTML element below?
This is a demonstration.
3. Where is the correct place to insert a JavaScript?
4. What is the correct syntax for referring to an external script called "xxx.js"?
Your score is:


Faseih Saad
Software EngineerWeb and App Developer
It is never done until it is fast, responsive, and correct. But if you can’t be fast, at least be responsive. If you still can’t be responsive, at least be correct!
My Specialities
WordPress Theme Development
Synergistically strategize customer directed resources rather than principle.
Laravel Application Development
Quickly repurpose reliable customer service with orthogonal ideas. Competently.
React Appication Development
Interactively myocardinate high standards in initiatives rather than next-generation.
React Native App Development
Dynamically initiate client-based convergence vis-a-vis performance based.


[1]
this is my first player and a good mp3 player .
[2]
screen , fm radio , fm recorder , voice recorder , micro sd slot .


As the pandemic continues to spread, the fashion industry is finding ways to engage with their consumers. This includes focusing on political and humanitarian movements such as Black Lives Matter and Climate Change. This is especially the case for those abroad. Although sustainability has been a topic of discussion for years, the pandemic has given consumers the chance to re-open the issue. According to this recent survey, 67 percent of those surveyed, consider using sustainable materials to be an important purchasing factor, and 63 percent consider promoting sustainability to be equally as important. As the virus continues to spread globally, consumers rely on their brands to value their objectives and shift their viewpoints to match the feelings during this economical crisis.
“It’s always been at the forefront of our objectives, whether short or long term,” said Antoine Arnault, the Chief Executive Officer of Berluti and the Head of Communications at LVMH, during a virtual discussion in September. “During this pandemic, we tried to tell our managers to not un-prioritize sustainability in their way of managing their business.”
Included in the discussion was Tory Burch, Virgil Abloh, and Gwyneth Paltrow. These fashion leaders recognized the importance of sustainability during this time and the impact the issue has on the way their consumers buy.
"When I think about sustainability, I think it's a given that we all need to do and make it a top priority," said Burch, the Executive Chairman and Chief Creative Officer of Tory Burch. "We all need to move forward on that if our children are going to be okay."
Out of 2,004 people surveyed in the U.K., this chart showcases the percentage of expectations consumers have for their brands, with environmental impact making 38 percent of consumer interest.


Trading_VerifiedUserRequirementsType Class Reference
| Inherits from | NSObject |
| Conforms to | PicoBindable |
| Declared in | Trading_VerifiedUserRequirementsType.h Trading_VerifiedUserRequirementsType.m |
Overview
Type defining the VerifiedUserRequirements container, which is used by the
seller to block prospective buyers who do not pass a verified user check. Verified users are
applicable to the Australia, France, India, Ireland, Spain, and UK sites.
@ingroup EBayAPIInterface
Tasks
-
verifiedUser
To block non-verified users from buying/bidding on their items, the seller should include
property
this field and set its value to ‘true’. The default value of this field is ‘false’, so, if
it is not included, non-verified users on the Australia, France, India, Ireland, Spain, and
UK will be able to buy/bid on the seller’s items. -
minimumFeedbackScore
This field is ignored unless the VerifiedUser field is included and
property
set to ‘true’.
The seller includes this field as a mechanism to block verified users who have a feedback
score less than the specified value.
To see the valid values for your site, call GeteBayDetails with
DetailName set to BuyerRequirementDetails, and
then look for the BuyerRequirementDetails.VerifiedUserRequirements.FeedbackScore fields.
Properties
minimumFeedbackScore
This field is ignored unless the VerifiedUser field is included and
set to ‘true’.
The seller includes this field as a mechanism to block verified users who have a feedback
score less than the specified value.
To see the valid values for your site, call GeteBayDetails with
DetailName set to BuyerRequirementDetails, and
then look for the BuyerRequirementDetails.VerifiedUserRequirements.FeedbackScore fields.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSNumber *minimumFeedbackScore
Discussion
This field is ignored unless the VerifiedUser field is included and
set to ‘true’.
The seller includes this field as a mechanism to block verified users who have a feedback
score less than the specified value.
To see the valid values for your site, call GeteBayDetails with
DetailName set to BuyerRequirementDetails, and
then look for the BuyerRequirementDetails.VerifiedUserRequirements.FeedbackScore fields.
type : NSNumber, wrapper for primitive int
Declared In
Trading_VerifiedUserRequirementsType.h
verifiedUser
To block non-verified users from buying/bidding on their items, the seller should include
this field and set its value to ‘true’. The default value of this field is ‘false’, so, if
it is not included, non-verified users on the Australia, France, India, Ireland, Spain, and
UK will be able to buy/bid on the seller’s items.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSNumber *verifiedUser
Discussion
To block non-verified users from buying/bidding on their items, the seller should include
this field and set its value to ‘true’. The default value of this field is ‘false’, so, if
it is not included, non-verified users on the Australia, France, India, Ireland, Spain, and
UK will be able to buy/bid on the seller’s items.
type : NSNumber, wrapper for primitive bool
Declared In
Trading_VerifiedUserRequirementsType.h


Reiki is a Japanese technique for stress reduction and relaxation that also promotes healing. It is administered by "laying on hands" and is based on the idea that an unseen "life force energy" flows through us and is what causes us to be alive. If one's "life force energy" is low, then we are more likely to get sick or feel stress, and if it is high, we are more capable of being happy and healthy.
is a nurturing holistic temple style massage for both Mum and baby. There are 3 positions you will be massaged in, on your back, on your left side and with your face down on a specially designed Danish hand crafted leather massage table that opens below so the leather of the table can stretch to support your growing baby bump while taking pressure off it at the same time.


What is this Privacy Policy for?
This privacy policy is for this website [http://isupportnetneutrality.in/] and governs the privacy of its users who choose to use it.
The policy sets out the different areas where user privacy is concerned and outlines the obligations & requirements of the users, the website and website owners. Furthermore the way this website processes, stores and protects user data and information will also be detailed within this policy.
The Website
This website and its owners take a proactive approach to user privacy and ensure the necessary steps are taken to protect the privacy of its users throughout their visiting experience. This website complies to all UK national laws and requirements for user privacy.
<<<<<<< HEAD
=======
>>>>>>> update
Facebook Platform Policy
This website is full comply to the
Facebook Platform Policies.
We don't share or reuse the public profile picture under any circumstances, we automatically remove the cache images every month.
Use of Cookies
This website uses cookies to better the users experience while visiting the website. Where applicable this website uses a cookie control system allowing the user on their first visit to the website to allow or disallow the use of cookies on their computer / device. This complies with recent legislation requirements for websites to obtain explicit consent from users before leaving behind or reading files such as cookies on a user's computer / device.
Cookies are small files saved to the user's computers hard drive that track, save and store information about the user's interactions and usage of the website. This allows the website, through its server to provide the users with a tailored experience within this website.
Users are advised that if they wish to deny the use and saving of cookies from this website on to their computers hard drive they should take necessary steps within their web browsers security settings to block all cookies from this website and its external serving vendors.
This website uses tracking software to monitor its visitors to better understand how they use it. This software is provided by Google Analytics which uses cookies to track visitor usage. The software will save a cookie to your computers hard drive in order to track and monitor your engagement and usage of the website, but will not store, save or collect personal information. You can read Google's privacy policy here for further information [ http://www.google.com/privacy.html ].
Other cookies may be stored to your computers hard drive by external vendors when this website uses referral programs, sponsored links or adverts. Such cookies are used for conversion and referral tracking and typically expire after 30 days, though some may take longer. No personal information is stored, saved or collected.
Contact & Communication
Users contacting this website and/or its owners do so at their own discretion and provide any such personal details requested at their own risk. Your personal information is kept private and stored securely until a time it is no longer required or has no use, as detailed in the Data Protection Act 1998. Every effort has been made to ensure a safe and secure form to email submission process but advise users using such form to email processes that they do so at their own risk.
This website and its owners use any information submitted to provide you with further information about the products / services they offer or to assist you in answering any questions or queries you may have submitted. This includes using your details to subscribe you to any email newsletter program the website operates but only if this was made clear to you and your express permission was granted when submitting any form to email process. Or whereby you the consumer have previously purchased from or enquired about purchasing from the company a product or service that the email newsletter relates to. This is by no means an entire list of your user rights in regard to receiving email marketing material. Your details are not passed on to any third parties.
External Links
The owners of this website cannot guarantee or verify the contents of any externally linked website despite their best efforts. Users should therefore note they click on external links at their own risk and this website and its owners cannot be held liable for any damages or implications caused by visiting any external links mentioned.
Social Media Platforms
Communication, engagement and actions taken through external social media platforms that this website and its owners participate on are custom to the terms and conditions as well as the privacy policies held with each social media platform respectively.
Users are advised to use social media platforms wisely and communicate / engage upon them with due care and caution in regard to their own privacy and personal details. This website nor its owners will ever ask for personal or sensitive information through social media platforms and encourage users wishing to discuss sensitive details to contact them through primary communication channels such as by telephone or email.
This website may use social sharing buttons which help share web content directly from web pages to the social media platform in question. Users are advised before using such social sharing buttons that they do so at their own discretion and note that the social media platform may track and save your request to share a web page respectively through your social media platform account.


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Arrays and Hashes
25 Oct 2015
Like solar arrays and twitter tags? Not really...
25 Oct 2015
Like solar arrays and twitter tags? Not really...
So what are Arrays and Hashes? Well, they're both Ruby objects that we use to store multiple things. Imagine that you want a list of related items, like a catalogue of your favorite movies. You could store each one in its own string variable, adding a new variable whenever a new great movie comes out or you remember an old favorite. That's no good: it's messy, time consuming, and your code will be rife with unique variables. You should be using either an array or hash.
Let's continue with the example of our favorite movie catalogue; you really could use either array or hash depending on how you want to sort your movies. Arrays and hashes work in almost the same way except for one simple but crucial difference: an array assigns an index number to each of it's objects, starting with 0, but a hash requires you to specify a unique "key" for each object. Maybe all you need is a simple list: an array is the way to go, because all you want is the name of each movie. But maybe you want to be able to sort your movies by genre: then you want a hash.
Here's our example using some of my favorite movies:
You see, in the array, we just have a list: nice and simple. In the hash, we have a "key-value" relationship. The the "key" in a hash is like the index number in an array: each key is unique so that we can use it to refer to one and only one value in the hash. In our example, you'll see that I used the movie titles as keys and stored their genres in the values. Each movie title is unique, but the values can repeat; both "What We Do in the Shadows" and "Young Frankenstein" are comedies, for example.
There are many other reasons to use hashes or arrays, like storing usernames and passwords, and you'll find that in different situations one will be more useful than the other. Go out there and meddle with hashes and arrays, get a feel for how each one is best utilized.
Previous: Margins, Borders, and Padding | Next: An Enumerable method: cycle


When this checkbox is selected, every unknown abbreviation will be scored against available template names. The
match with the best score will be used to resolve the template. For example, with this option enabled, the following
abbreviations can be equal to:
ov:h
ov-h
o-h
oh


This action is irreversible and immediate. All services using this key will lose access to the API.
The key you are about to delete is:app-server


vignettes/compenginets.Rmd
compenginets.Rmd
The goal of compenginets is to provide all the time series from http://www.comp-engine.org/.
compenginets
currently isn’t on CRAN.
You can install the development version from Github
CompEngine is an online time-series database which allow users to upload and interactively compare data with similar time series data set. The website was build by Nick Jones and Ben Fulcher, based on the early work conducted by Ben D. Fulcher, Max A. Little, and Nick S. Jones (2013). To provide time series similar to the data user uploads, it compute features of the data, and find existing time series matching those features. The features list and detailed description can be found on the page of CompEngine.
This package intends to provide means to access data from CompEngine with ease with an R
solution. Function get_cets
can be used to return time series with a specified name or within a certain category. By default, get_cets
returns the first 10 pages (maximum 10 in one page) time series within the category which matches argument key
.
library(compenginets)
# Get series within Finance category (including subcategory)
cets_finance <- get_cets("finance")
length(cets_finance)
#> [1] 100
str(cets_finance[[1]])
#> Time-Series [1:4197] from 1 to 4197: 6890 6783 6553 6453 6508 ...
#> - attr(*, "name")= chr "M4_D3333_Finance_1"
#> - attr(*, "description")= chr ""
#> - attr(*, "samplingInformation.name")= chr "M4_D3333_Finance_1"
#> - attr(*, "samplingInformation.description")= chr ""
#> - attr(*, "samplingInformation.samplingInformation")='data.frame': 1 obs. of 2 variables:
#> ..$ samplingRate: chr "1.00"
#> ..$ samplingUnit: chr "/day"
#> - attr(*, "tags")= chr [1:3] "finance" "M4" "Daily"
#> - attr(*, "category.name")= chr "Finance"
#> - attr(*, "category.uri")= chr "real/finance/"
#> - attr(*, "sfi.name")= chr [1:16] "CO_Embed2_Basic_tau.incircle_1" "CO_Embed2_Basic_tau.incircle_2" "FC_LocalSimple_mean1.taures" "DN_HistogramMode_10" ...
#> - attr(*, "sfi.prettyName")= chr [1:16] "Autocorrelation measure" "Autocorrelation measure" "Predictability measure" "Distribution measure" ...
#> - attr(*, "sfi.value")= num [1:16] 58.8 56.2 69.1 50.7 27.2 ...
#> - attr(*, "source")= chr NA
# Supply the numer of pages need with option maxpage
# A maximum of 10 time series are in one page
cets_finance_20 <- get_cets("finance", maxpage = 2)
length(cets_finance_20)
#> [1] 20
# Switch category to FALSE to get the time series matching a name
W138_finance_m4 <- get_cets("M4_W138_Finance_1", category = FALSE)
str(W138_finance_m4)
#> Time-Series [1:1044] from 1 to 1044: 2062 2086 2026 2076 2077 ...
#> - attr(*, "name")= chr "M4_W138_Finance_1"
#> - attr(*, "description")= chr ""
#> - attr(*, "samplingInformation.samplingRate")= chr "1.00"
#> - attr(*, "samplingInformation.samplingUnit")= chr "/week"
#> - attr(*, "tags")= chr [1:3] "finance" "M4" "weekly"
#> - attr(*, "category.name")= chr "Finance"
#> - attr(*, "category.uri")= chr "real/finance/"
#> - attr(*, "sfi.name")= chr [1:16] "CO_Embed2_Basic_tau.incircle_1" "CO_Embed2_Basic_tau.incircle_2" "FC_LocalSimple_mean1.taures" "DN_HistogramMode_10" ...
#> - attr(*, "sfi.prettyName")= chr [1:16] "Autocorrelation measure" "Autocorrelation measure" "Predictability measure" "Distribution measure" ...
#> - attr(*, "sfi.value")= num [1:16] 58.812 0.207 39.916 83.933 18.947 ...
#> - attr(*, "source")= logi NA
A list of category can be obtained externally.
cate_path <- category_scraping()
str(cate_path, list.len = 10)
#> List of 194
#> $ real : chr [1:54] "real" "audio" "ecology" "economics" ...
#> $ synthetic : chr [1:139] "synthetic" "flow" "iterative map" "periodic" ...
#> $ unassigned : chr "unassigned"
#> $ audio : chr [1:7] "audio" "animal sounds" "human speech" "music" ...
#> $ ecology : chr [1:2] "ecology" "zooplankton growth"
#> $ economics : chr "economics"
#> $ finance : chr [1:8] "finance" "crude oil prices" "exchange rate" "gas prices" ...
#> $ industry : chr "industry"
#> $ medical : chr [1:10] "medical" "boc" "chest volume" "ecg" ...
#> $ meteorology : chr [1:13] "meteorology" "air pressure" "air temperature" "precipitation amount" ...
#> [list output truncated]


- As a user
-
- I want to be able to record tasks
-
- Design task page
- Backend implementaion
- REST api available on /tasks
- Frontend implementation
- When connection to server is lost
-
- Notify user that information is not persisted


SETUP DISCORD COMMUNITY for health-experts, health-enthusiasts and clients.
SETUP STEEMIT ACCOUNT
BUILD A WEBSITE
Get ALPHA & BETA TESTERS
FIX BUGS
RAISE FUNDS
GET SPONSORS
First Phase of Promotion on:
Steemit,Discord Channels, Medium.com
Online Newspaper & Magazines
Facebook Page
BUILD AN APP
Get ALPHA & BETA TESTERS
FIX BUGS
Second Phase of Promotion on:
Television & Radio
Hard Print Newspapers & Magazines
Connections with alliances;
HOSPITALS
GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICALS
MEDICAL LABORATORIES
Outreaches ...


4th Annual Kickball FUNdraiser will be held on Saturday, April 24th at 5:00 pm.
CLICK HERE to access online registration form.


1. <keygen> and use cases
The HTMLKeygenElement [HTML5] enables web sites to generate a public/private key pair during form submission (see also Public Key Cryptography). <keygen> is a browser feature grandfathered into the HTML5 specification. This element is a form-associated element with UI, but does not expose its generated private key to JavaScript. (Note: a Service Worker [service-workers] may be able to retrieve the public key from a form submission request.) The private key is stored in a secured browser-managed or OS-managed key store on behalf of the user.
The primary use case for <keygen> is to establish a trusted identity for an individual; the identity can later be used to authenticate to a web site or set of web sites. Because it uses an identity tied to a private key, authentication is fundamentally more secure than systems which use shared passwords.
Extending the above use case, <keygen> is commonly the first stage in provisioning a user’s device to receive a client certificate. For example, <keygen> is used to generate the key material for later inclusion in an X509 certificate. The certificate is intended to be long-lived and may serve to authenticate wireless accounts, educational portals, internal business intranets, etc.
The diagram above describes a typical scenario in which the <keygen> element is used for provisioning a client certificate.
-
The user agent navigates to a provisioning site (at a specific origin). The HTML resource containing the keygen element with optional challenge attribute is received by the user agent. The keygen element is included in a form intended to be submitted back to the server.
-
The user may select from among two options in the keygen element’s UI to choose a "weak" or "strong" key length.
-
The user submits the form. Alternately, JavaScript code in the user agent can submit the form. When submitted the keygen element causes an asymmetric key pair to be generated: a public and private key. These keys are not exposed via a DOM API (although the public key may be retrieved from the form in an installed Service Worker).
-
The private key is used to optionally sign a challenge and then it is placed into a secure key store (either browser or OS-provided).
-
The public key is encoded (ASN.1 DER) and submitted in the form to the server.
-
In the POST response, the server may have packaged the public key and other related information into a client certificate which is sent with an
application/x-x509-*-cert
mimetype to the user agent. The user agent relays this certificate into the user’s certificate store for later use.
2. Client certificates and user agents
Keygen is one way to generate the crypto material needed for a client certificate in the browser (the Web Crypto API [webcryptoapi] provides another--though it has drawbacks described later). Once a client certificate has been issued and registered with the user agent (either via a browser or OS-supplied certificate store), the certificate may be used for authentication. This is relatively uncommon; when it does happen, user agents do not provide a good experience.
A server can require a TLS client certificate to be used when it receives a request for a protected resource. The server may also include a challenge to be signed by the client as proof that the user has possession of the private key associated with the public key in the client certificate. Starting with the server’s response to the protected resource request, the experience typically follows this pattern:
-
The user agent asks the user to select a client certificate to use in the negotiation (there may be more than one). One or more client certificates are presented to the user. Little effort is made to differentiate or extract meaningful information from each certificate in order to help the user select the right one. The user chooses a certificate.
-
[Typically] a second prompt (issuing from the secure keystore) is presented to confirm and approve use of a private key in order to perform a signature (for the challenge). Unfortunately, little context is actually provided in the message presented to the user, making it unclear why and for what purpose the private key is being accessed.
-
The signed challenge and client certificate are sent to the server for verification to release the resource.
Note: The ability to use client certificates for authentication is currently not allowed in the HTTP2 protocol (it requires an older TLS re-negotiation protocol). The IETF is investigating how to improve support for client certificate authentication in HTTP2.
3. Threat Model
User agents are now considering removing support for the <keygen> element due (in part) to security issues present in its design and implementation. The following threat model frames these issues.
The trust boundaries in the threat model separate the user agent and server, as well as the user agent and secure keystore.
3.1. User agent/server boundary
This trust boundary may be either protected via an HTTPS connection, or open using an untrusted link. The keygen element is not currently considered a "powerful feature" and thus it works in both insecure and secure contexts [powerful-features]. (Keygen would certainly be considered a powerful feature by today’s standards.) When using an insecure connection, the content provided by the server cannot be trusted, including the behavior of script from that resource.
3.2. User agent/secure keystore boundary
Some user agents defer to their host OS to manage and secure crypto key material (an alternative, e.g., in Mozilla Firefox, is to have a browser-provided keystore). For host OS-managed cases, a trust boundary exists between the user agent and the OS (data that flows across this boundary is generally implicitly trusted). The risk to user agents relying on an OS-provided keystore is that changes to the keystore have a global impact on the user’s device. This is particularly dangerous if keystore changes happen without user-consent and automatically by script. Since the host OS’s keystore is a shared resource, all apps are put at risk. Of course, when the browser implements its own keystore, the risk to the OS and other applications is mitigated.
3.3. Known Threats
-
Untrusted script can launch denial-of-service attacks against the user’s keystore, since form submission (including keygen) does not require user action.
-
Keygen form submission has unmitigated access to the keystore; script can affect either 1) global OS state changes without user permission, or 2) origin-unaware certificate installation (in user agents that implement their own keystore). At a minimum, this violates the same origin policy.
-
While not specifically impacting keygen, user agents may automatically install client certificates via a special mime-type. As noted, this can affect state outside the boundary of the browser sandbox without user permission.
4. Principles
-
Web pages must not be allowed to change shared state outside the browser sandbox without user permission; such permission may be indirectly granted by a related explicit user action. The user must be in control. This principle is correctly applied to resources such as cameras and microphones in WebRTC and Geolocation, which all ask for permission from the user before enabling access (which may simultaneously cause implicit revocation of the resource by another entity).
-
Users must be able to create identity on the web which can be shared with others. For example, people identify themselves using their Facebook or Twitter names: a site can then log them in using a form of redirected authentication involving facebook.com or twitter.com, and then can give them access to things, allow them to participate, etc, as a function of that identity. Public key based systems are generally superior to these in that they use private and public keys instead of passwords, and their strength is not tied to the user’s ability to generate a good password.
5. Replacing <keygen>
The keygen element should be replaced by a new API better suited for modern day application requirements. While keygen can conceivably be updated in some ways improve its hashing algorithm and container formats, for example, its function as an element tied to form submission locks it into a specific declarative protocol. While convenient in some respects, it is also limiting in that it is not very extensible, cannot be applied in scenarios outside of its protocol (e.g., outside of form submission scenarios), and isn’t designed with user-permission in mind. We believe keygen isn’t suitable for updating in its existing form; rather we think starting over with a new API untethered from the past has the better potential to succeed. In order to better understand the requirements for an API intended to replace keygen, we first consider where it is weak and what improvements should be made to meet modern requirements.
-
The MD5 hashing algorithm, as currently defined in HTML5 and interoperably implemented in several user agents is quite dated. Security researchers now recommend more secure hashing algorithms such as SHA-2.
-
Keygen is a powerful feature. Its use should be restricted to a secure context.
-
Keygen must not write private keys into origin-unaware keystores without user permission. User permission must be granted prior to writing new private keys into any keystore (whether OS-provided or not).
-
Keygen’s operations are potentially compute-intensive and should be asynchronous in order to not block user interaction (as can happen in form submission currently). Asynchronous operation is also necessary for obtaining user permission.
-
Keygen’s container structure for uploading public key material to the server is dated. Alternative, or author-defined container structures should be available.
-
The user interface for keygen should be reconsidered. Users are not in the best position to evaluate which type of key strength is needed. This is usually a requirement of the server. Perhaps no user interface is required.
-
Add basic extensibility to keygen, such as the capability to add additional meta-data requests for client certificate extensions, certificate expiration requests, etc.
Additionally, any installation of a client certificate (e.g., the application/x-x509-*-cert
mimetype) must also require user consent.
In seeking for a replacement to keygen, we also consider what capabilities are already provided by the Web Crypto API:
-
The
CryptoKey
interface is designed as a general read-only abstraction over key material. The object itself can be used as a proxy for the key material without disclosing the actual key material. -
APIs needed to generate public/private
CryptoKey
objects are already defined (generateKey
/deriveKey
). -
A flag is available to protect the key material from extraction (the
extractable
flag in the generation APIs).
Unfortunately, the current capabilities in the Web Crypto API are unsuitable as a direct-replacement for keygen because:
-
Protection of the private key material in the
CryptoKey
is opt-in. -
There is no mechanism to write to the device’s secure keystore (if available)
However, the objects and abstractions defined in the Web Crypto API are a good foundation on which to design a replacement for keygen. We note that provisioning of keys is currently declared out-of-scope in the current Web Crypto API spec. New work on a keygen replacement would have key provisioning in scope.
6. Requirements and Recommendations
In order to replace keygen and simultaneously provide a better way for establishing a trusted identity on the web, we recognize the following requirements. The solution:
-
should be similar in workflow and user experience to creating an account with a password. It would omit the steps of checking if the user has picked a strong password including redundant password verification steps.
-
should include a mechanism to associate some personal information (e.g., a nickname, color, picture, biometric, etc) to the key so that it can be readily selected in the future.
-
must be considered a "powerful feature" and only available under secure contexts.
-
must not release the raw private key material to script at any time. Private keys used as a basis for a person’s identity should be considered sensitive such that even script should not be trusted with access to the key material.
-
must be asynchronous and require user permission to install the private key into any origin-independent shared persistent storage. Unlike origin-specific storage which follows the same-origin policy, origin-unaware (or general use) storage represents a change to the user’s environment outside the scope of web page and the user must be aware of and authorize any such changes.
-
must be asynchronous and require user permission to use a private key from any origin-independent shared persistent storage. This is needed in order to protect the privacy of the private key.
-
should allow the user to delegate the key persistence and generation to separate secure hardware. Different key generation scenarios may require different assurances in relation to the keystore and/or key generation.
Given these requirements, we recognize that an "improved keygen element" could be built using the new solution as a foundation (e.g., using web components).
We also call on implementations to improve the client certificate UI experience in order to make client-certificate use in authentication more accessible to general users.


--- layout: default title: Photo Channel Puzzle Cheats ---
To access the 192 piece puzzle, on the puzzle select screen hold down the 1 Button to get the option. You can also use this trick on the puzzle records when you've successfully completed a 192 piece puzzle.


Mean percent change in monthly cases of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis morbidity in 2080s as compared to historical (1997–2009) across 12 climate models. The error bars represent the maximum and minimum percent change across the 12 climate model ensemble


--- title: "Unordered List" type: typography scss: sass/modules/_typography.scss usage: "The HTML unordered list element represents an unordered list of items, namely a collection of items that do not have a numerical ordering, and their order in the list is meaningless (bullets)." info: "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ul" ---


PyPI Mirror
For testing --index-url with a file:// url for the index
Dinner-1.0.tar.gz
Dinner-2.0.tar.gz


Source of AudioDidact
This project consists of 6 directories, containing a total of 43 files.
- Source
- SupportedSites
| Name | Size | Last Modified |
|---|---|---|
| CRTV.php | 5.0 KB | 2018-02-21T18:17:47+00:00 |
| ManualUpload.php | 2.9 KB | 2017-08-13T03:38:53+00:00 |
| SoundCloud.php | 6.3 KB | 2018-08-03T03:16:59+00:00 |
| Vimeo.php | 4.1 KB | 2018-03-22T02:11:31+00:00 |
| YouTube.php | 10.0 KB | 2019-04-22T15:29:30+00:00 |
| Total: 5 files |


All notifications previously scheduled for this app can be queried for and removed.
Performance for the list view will be displayed here


The size of EAST tokamak is similar to that of DIII-D tokamak. The comparison of the main parameters are summarized in Table. 1. The significant difference between EAST and DIII-D is that DIII-D has a larger minor radius (0.67m for DIII-D and 0.45m for EAST), which makes DIII-D able to operate with a larger toroidal current than that EAST can do ( for DIII-D and for EAST) for the same current density. Another significant difference between EAST and DIII-D is that the coils of EAST are supper-conductive while the coils of DIII-D are not. The supper-conductive coils make EAST be able to generate much larger magnetic field (maximum for EAST and maximum for DIII-D) and operate at longer pulse.
|
yj 2018-03-09


News
Our Team
Contact
About Us
Our Services
Hospitals
Hotels
House Cleaning
End of Tenancy
Oven Cleaning
Covid Disinfection


Generate a custom animated constellation based on your top spotify tracks. Made using Spotify Web API and a custom version of particle.js on glitch.me


Good vs. Bad Revenue
When I first started building businesses, regardless of what business I was in, I always took every single deal I could get. I did whatever it took to close more deals and get more money in the bank, no matter who the customer was and what they wanted. I lived by the mantra of ’revenue cures all problems’. So the default was to always take the money.
What was not clear to me back then was that there is a very real distinction between good & bad revenue.  Wrong. Taking bad revenue can be more destructive than leaving it on the table. It adversely affects your business long after the deal is signed — eating away at resources, distracting the team, and thrashing the overall vision / roadmap.
To be clear, my definition of bad revenue is having customers that are not aligned with the direction of your company. They have no interest in what you’re trying to do, they just want you to solve their problems, their way, and now. They look for problems instead of solutions, and rarely (if ever) partner with you to figure out how to get to success – instead opting for threats. A net negative for your business, regardless of how much they pay (in most cases).
The inverse is good revenue. With these customers, they feel like they’re an extension of your team. They listen & work with you, have valuable suggestions/feature requests, and overall they understand that they’re partnering with you towards a common goal. This is good revenue — an overwhelmingly net positive in the long term. The gift that keeps giving.
Bad revenue is sometimes tough to spot, but in general, you can identify bad customers during the sales cycle. Many prospects start off with skepticism, doubt, and negative attitudes – but typically you can tell when a customer changes their perspective and comes over to your side. Bad customers never get over that hump and they fight you all the way to the end, negotiating for pennies, trying to force contingencies and commitments before signing, etc.
Reading through this, it might seem obvious — you just never want take bad revenue. Identifying bad revenue upfront can be tricky, but the tougher part is having the discipline to stick to it. Especially if the quarter is closing or you have some milestone to meet, if the money is in front of you, it’s really hard not take it.
So this year I wanted to make sure that we stopped taking bad revenue. And from what I’ve found, the easiest way to do this is develop a very clear vision for the company, product, and the roadmap. This way no matter what comes up, everybody has a very clear framework to evaluate it against, and making these decisions becomes a lot easier.
You Might Also Like
- Prosumers in B2B
- Let's Stop Saying B2B
- The Dangers of Selling Roadmap
- Sharpen the Contradictions
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Installing Titanium SDK Continuous Builds
Summary
To take advantage of bleeding edge functionality and the most recent bug fixes to the Titanium SDKs, without waiting for an official release, you can manually download and install a "Continuous Build". Continuous Builds are compiled packages that have been automatically built from the Titanium open source repository, after there have been some changes to the code.
Be aware that only major releases of any of our software are officially supported and therefore, by the same token, we cannot accept Jira tickets or investigate problems that result from using a Continuous Build. That said, you may find discussions and workarounds for them in our Jira bug-tracking system or the our community Q&A forum.
Obtaining the Build
You can download the latest continuous builds from http://build.appcelerator.net. Use the drop-down menu on the page to select the Titanium SDK version you wish to install.
It's important to check the SHA1 hash of the downloaded SDK archive and compare it to the one displayed on the above page, before you attempt to install it, to confirm it is not corrupt. If you discover a corrupt package, simply download each previous day's release until you find one that is valid. See the Third-party Tools guide to find the tools we favor for this purpose.
If you discover that a particular Continuous Build is corrupt, there is no need to report it to us. Simply try each previous day's release until you find one that works.
Installing the Build
-
Extract the SDK archive file
-
Move the versioned directory, for example named in the format 1.7.4.v20111021114614, into your Titanium installation folder, which is contingent on your platform, as follows:
Click column headings to sort
|
Operating System |
Target Platform Type |
Local Path |
|
OSX |
Mobile |
/Library/Application Support/Titanium or ~/Library/Application Support/Titanium |
|
Windows 7 |
Mobile |
%ProgramData%\Titanium\mobilesdk\win32 |
|
Windows 7 |
Desktop |
%ProgramData%\Titanium\sdk\win32 |
|
Windows XP |
Mobile |
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Titanium |
|
Linux |
Mobile |
~/.titanium/mobilesdk/ |
|
Linux |
Desktop |
~/.titanium/sdk |
-
Restart Titanium Studio, open the project's tiapp.xml file, and select the new SDK from the SDK Version drop-down menu


Nepal is an agricultural country.The main occupation of the people in Nepal is agriculture.Almost 80% population of Nepal are involved in agriculture. So, lots of agricultural wastes(biodegradable wastes like rotten fruits and vegetables,rice straw,household wastages etc.)are produced day by day in a huge amount.These wastes are thrown away by the farmers as these wastes are not useful for them.This has also been the main cause for the increasing pollution in Nepal. So,The main objective of this website is to utilize these agricultural wastes for the production of organic fertilizers and distribute to the farmers in a cheap cost. Furthermore ,the main motive of our team to develop this website to link the farmers with different agricultural NGOs and INGOs in a path to a clean country.
An organic fertilizer is a plant fertilizer that is derived from organic sources. Organic fertilizers can range from organic compost
to cow manure, but they must be derived from all-organic sources.
Organic fertilizers differ from chemical fertilizers in that
Technology has turned farming into a real business, now farmers have electrified every process, a consumer can place an order directly online, and the product will be transported from the farm to the consumer in time when it's still fresh. This saves the farmer money and it cuts out mediators.
Present era is an era of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). It is more interactive and can render information as per the need of ultimate users and. ensures the possibility for quick information gathering, Present era is an era ICT. information gathering, Present era is
Farmer training course Nepal Nepal Innovative Agriculture Group(NIAG) organize farmer training programs to teach organic farming techniques on different topics according to the subject of interest. There are 1 weeks to 1 years.training programs to teach organic organic farming techniques better.
BE PART OF SOMETHING ASTONISHING! NIAG offers exciting employments to those who are passionate and are determined to make positive changes in their community. We are committed to the principles of workplace diversityworkplace diversity workplace diversity diversity.employments
Digital farming is applying precision location methods and decision quality agronomic information to illuminate, predict, and affect the continuum of cultivation issues across the farm. Here is a look at each part of the definition in a very well manner. Precision is about geo-location
@ copyright 2019 || Designed by Innovative Team


 Well, it looks like the comedian has accepted it, and his recent coffee proposal to Alia is proof!
We often tend to come across the doppelgangers of our Bollywood celebrities, most of which are of the same sex. However, here’s an extremely hilarious exception. It turns out that the stunning Alia Bhatt has her male lookalike and guess who? LOL, it’s the popular You Tuber and comedian, Bhuvan Bam. As funny as it sounds, the netizens can’t stop but comparing the Student Of The Year actress with Bhuvan Bam, after a certain picture of him went viral on social media. (ALSO READ - YouTuber Bhuvan Bam Comes In Support Of Ranu Mondal; Says She Didn’t Have Time To Groom Herself)
And, now, it looks like the comparisons have also reached Bhuvan Bam, who took to his social media account and asked out Alia Bhatt for a coffee date. Why? Because he thinks that has started looking the actress, whom he calls his crush. The comedian shared a picture of himself that had him smiling and with eyes closed. In his caption, he wrote, “@aliaa08 Please let’s go for a coffee date because I’ve started looking like my crush,” he added, “Please RT the photo tweet so that it reaches my crush. Make it happen twitter!” ROFL!
Take a look:
This, of course, came after a havoc of memes that netizens spammed Bhuvam with. Soon after the You Tuber posted his proposal, fans had some rib-tickling replies. While many laughed it off, a lot of them agreed and some of them also used the Kabir Singh reference, albeit with Ranbir Kapoor’s face instead of Shahid Kapoor.
Check out the reactions here:
Now, all we gotta do is wait for Alia Bhatt’s response to her lookalike and admirer Bhuvan Bam!
image source: instagram/aliaabhatt, twitter/bhuvam_bam


name: title_template layout: true class: center, middle --- template: title_template # Property-based testing Using [RapidCheck](https://github.com/emil-e/rapidcheck/) --- template: title_template # Agenda 1. Testing today 2. Property-based testing 3. Real example --- template: title_template # Agenda 1. .active[Testing today] 2. Property-based testing 3. Real example --- .header[ # Testing today ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Static code analysis ] .right-column[ Famous motto: > It compiles, it works ] ] --- .header[ # Testing today ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Static code analysis ] .right-column[ > **Static program analysis** is the analysis of computer software that is performed without actually executing programs. (Wikipédia) C++ comes with various tools having static analysis abilities. Famous ones are Cppcheck, cpplint and Clang static analyzer. ```cpp class C { public: void f(); }; void test() { C *pc; pc->f(); // warn: object pointer is uninitialized } ``` Example taken from [Clang Analyzer](https://clang-analyzer.llvm.org/available_checks.html) ] ] --- .header[ # Testing today ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Static code analysis ## Example-based ### Description ] .right-column[ Test a code on a limited set of inputs from which we have already have derived expected answers. - Unit test - Functional test - Integration test They can be both automatic or manual. ] ] --- .header[ # Testing today ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Static code analysis ## Example-based ### Description ### Example ] .right-column[ ```cpp // Tests IsPrime() TEST(IsPrimeTest, Negative) { EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-1)); EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-2)); EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(INT_MIN)); } TEST(IsPrimeTest, Trivial) { EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(0)); EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(1)); EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(2)); EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(3)); } TEST(IsPrimeTest, Positive) { EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(4)); EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(5)); EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(6)); EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(23)); } ``` Example taken from [Google Test](https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googletest/samples/sample1_unittest.cc) ] ] --- .header[ # Testing today ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Static code analysis ## Example-based ### Description ### Example ### Another example ] .right-column[ How would you test a JSON serializer? The specification ensures that: > The result will be a string following the JSON notation. Example of specification for [W3C](https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_json_stringify.asp) ```cpp namespace json { template
std::string stringify(ObjectType const&); }//json ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Testing today ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Static code analysis ## Example-based ### Description ### Example ### Another example ] .right-column[ ```cpp TEST(Stringify, ObjectWithTwoAttributesAandB) { ASSERT_EQ( std::string{"{\"a\":4,\"b\":7}"}, json::stringify(MyType() .withA(4) .withB(7))); } ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Testing today ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Static code analysis ## Example-based ### Description ### Example ### Another example ] .right-column[ ```cpp TEST(Stringify, ObjectWithTwoAttributesAandB) { ASSERT_EQ( std::string{"{\"a\":4,\"b\":7}"}, json::stringify(MyType() .withA(4) .withB(7))); } ``` Unfortunately, the output might be `{"b":7,"a":4}` ] ] --- .header[ # Testing today ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Static code analysis ## Example-based ### Description ### Example ### Another example ] .right-column[ ```cpp TEST(Stringify, ObjectWithTwoAttributesAandB) { ASSERT_EQ( std::string{"{\"a\":4,\"b\":7}"}, json::stringify(MyType() .withA(4) .withB(7))); } ``` Unfortunately, the output might be `{"b":7,"a":4}` Or even `{ "a" :4, "b": 7 }` ] ] --- .header[ # Testing today ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Static code analysis ## Example-based ### Description ### Example ### Another example ] .right-column[ ```cpp TEST(Stringify, ObjectWithTwoAttributesAandB) { ASSERT_EQ( std::string{"{\"a\":4,\"b\":7}"}, json::stringify(MyType() .withA(4) .withB(7))); } ``` Unfortunately, the output might be `{"b":7,"a":4}` Or even `{ "a" :4, "b": 7 }` Or even worse `{"a":40E-1,"b":7E0}` ] ] --- .header[ # Testing today ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Static code analysis ## Example-based ## Proved code ### Description ] .right-column[ Demonstrate a code by checking that its invariants hold throughout its execution: - indices in a loop - termination of while-loops or recursions - state of relevant variables Note that must of the time this demonstration is done from a mathematical point of view. Computer-related issues such as overflows are quite difficult to take into account and add extra work in such proof. ] ] --- .header[ # Testing today ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Static code analysis ## Example-based ## Proved code ### Description ### Example ] .right-column[ ```cpp template <typename BidirectionalIt> void sort(BidirectionalIt beg, BidirectionalIt end) { // Notation: from a (incl.) to b (not incl.) // written <a;b< for (auto cur = beg ; cur != end ; ++cur) { // All elements in <beg;cur< sorted on < for (auto revcur = cur ; revcur != beg && *revcur < *std::prev(revcur) ; --revcur) { // All elements in <beg;revcur< sorted on < // All elements in <revcur;cur< sorted on < // For any L in <beg ;revcur< // and H in >revcur;cur<, // L <= H std::swap(*revcur, *std::prev(revcur)); } } } ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Testing today ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Static code analysis ## Example-based ## Proved code ## Monkey testing / Fuzzers ] .right-column[ > In software testing, **monkey testing** is a technique where the user tests the application or system by providing random inputs and checking the behavior, or seeing whether the application or system will crash. Monkey testing is usually implemented as random, automated unit tests. (Wikipédia) > **Fuzzing** or **fuzz testing** is an automated software testing technique that involves providing invalid, unexpected, or random data as inputs to a computer program. The program is then monitored for exceptions such as crashes, or failing built-in code assertions or for finding potential memory leaks. (Wikipédia) ] ] --- template: title_template # Agenda 1. Testing today 2. .active[Property-based testing] 3. Real example --- .header[ # Property-based testing ] .content[ .left-column[ ## What is it? ] .right-column[ Basically the idea is to be able to test properties instead of isolated cases. Instead of checking a limited range of cases, we want to cover a larger scope of inputs. In mathematics, a property is something like: > for all (x, y, ...) > such that precondition(x, y, ...) holds > property(x, y, ...) is true For example f being transitive (eg.: `f : (x,y) -> x < y`) is defined as follow: > for all (x, y, z) > such that f(x, y) and f(y, z) > f(x, z) is true ] ] --- .header[ # Property-based testing ] .content[ .left-column[ ## What is it? ## How does it work? ] .right-column[ Each time we run a test to check a property, it generates a fixed amount of inputs randomly and check if the property holds. In case of a failure, it shrinks the failing case in order to summarize it in a simpler way. Most of the time such frameworks also test for classical cases of failures such as empty array, null values or magic integers (*eg.:* -1, 1). ] ] --- .header[ # Property-based testing ] .content[ .left-column[ ## What is it? ## How does it work? ## Typical properties ### Bounded output ] .right-column[ Assumptions concerning the range in which will be the output. ```cpp RC_GTEST_PROP(Average, ShouldBeBetweenAAndB, (int a, int b)) { RC_PRE(a <= b); RC_ASSERT(a <= average(a,b) && average(a,b) <= b); } ``` > for all `a` and `b` integers, > the average of `a` and `b` is between `a` and `b` ] ] --- .header[ # Property-based testing ] .content[ .left-column[ ## What is it? ## How does it work? ## Typical properties ### Bounded output ### Round trip ] .right-column[ Encode and decode pair of functions. ```cpp RC_GTEST_PROP(RomanConversion, FromOfToIsIdentity, (int n)) { RC_ASSERT(from_roman(to_roman(n)) == n); } ``` > for all `n` integer, > the integer equivalent of the roman representation of `n` is itself ] ] --- .header[ # Property-based testing ] .content[ .left-column[ ## What is it? ## How does it work? ## Typical properties ### Bounded output ### Round trip ### Combination of functions ] .right-column[ Some properties hold given a combination of multiple functions. ```cpp RC_GTEST_PROP(LcmGcd, RelationBetweenLcmAndGcd, (int a, int b)) { RC_ASSERT(lcm(a,b) * gcd(a,b) = a * b); } ``` > for all `a` and `b` integers, > `lcm(a,b) * gcd(a,b) = a * b` ] ] --- .header[ # Property-based testing ] .content[ .left-column[ ## What is it? ## How does it work? ## Typical properties ### Bounded output ### Round trip ### Combination of functions ### Subset of all possible inputs ] .right-column[ Subset of inputs having a trivial answer. ```cpp RC_GTEST_PROP(Contains, ShouldBeTrueOnAllStringsBuiltAroundPattern, (std::string a, std::string b, std::string c)) { RC_ASSERT(contains(b, a + b + c)); } ``` > for all `(a, b, c)` strings, > `b` is a substring of the concatenation of `a`, `b` and `c` ] ] --- .header[ # Property-based testing ] .content[ .left-column[ ## What is it? ## How does it work? ## Typical properties ### Bounded output ### Round trip ### Combination of functions ### Subset of all possible inputs ### Against simpler implementation ] .right-column[ Another algorithm - *in general, simpler to implement* - exists. ```cpp RC_GTEST_PROP(FindDicho, ShouldBeSameAsSimpler, (std::vector
data, int n)) { std::sort(data.begin(), data.end()); RC_ASSERT(find_dicho(data, n) == find_linear(data, n)); } ``` > for all `data` - *sorted array of integers* - and `n` - *integer*, > the result of the linear search of `n` in `data` is the same as the one of the binary search of `n` in `data` ] ] --- template: title_template # Agenda 1. Testing today 2. Property-based testing 3. .active[Real example] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ] .right-column[ > The goal of this puzzle is to guess the coordinate of a bomb (line and column of a 2 dimensional array). You will have to make a guess at each step of the puzzle and adjust it from given feedbacks. Of course, you have a limited number of guess. Taken from [CodinGame](https://www.codingame.com/training/medium/shadows-of-the-knight-episode-1) > Before each [guess], the heat-signature device will provide Batman with the direction of the bombs based on Batman current position. Taken from [CodinGame](https://www.codingame.com/training/medium/shadows-of-the-knight-episode-1) ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ] .right-column[ .building[ .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-no[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[.tux[]] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[.bomb[]] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-no[] ] ] Inputs: ``` dimensions = (8, 8) position = (4, 4) hint = "DR" ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ] .right-column[ .building[ .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-no[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[.tux[]] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on2[] .office-on2[] .office-on2[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on2[] .office-on2[] .office-on2[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on2[] .office-on2[.bomb[]] .office-on2[] ] .bline[ .office-no[] ] ] Inputs: ``` dimensions = (8, 8) position = (4, 4) hint = "DR" ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ] .right-column[ .building[ .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-no[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-on[] .office-on[.tux[]] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-on[] .office-on[.bomb[]] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-no[] ] ] Inputs: ``` dimensions = (8, 8) position = (6, 6) hint = "D" ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ] .right-column[ .building[ .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-no[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-on[] .office-on[.tux[]] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-on[] .office-on2[.bomb[]] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-no[] ] ] Inputs: ``` dimensions = (8, 8) position = (6, 6) hint = "D" ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ] .right-column[ .building[ .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-no[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-on[.bomb[] .tux[]] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-no[] ] ] Inputs: ``` dimensions = (8, 8) position = (6, 7) hint = "" ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ## Materials ] .right-column[ Prototype: ```cpp void locate_in_space(Space& space, std::size_t rounds); ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ## Materials ] .right-column[ Helper class to deal with inputs coming from CodinGame: ```cpp class Space { public: // dimensions of the grid std::size_t dimension_x() const; std::size_t dimension_y() const; // last known location std::size_t previous_x() const; std::size_t previous_y() const; // direction to the target (U / D, L / R) std::string const& hint() const; // is it the position of the target? bool solved() const; // update position void move(std::size_t x, std::size_t y); }; ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ## Materials ## Implementation ] .right-column[ Submited implementation: ```cpp void locate_in_space(Space& space, std::size_t rounds) { std::size_t x_min = 0; std::size_t x_max = space.dimension_x(); std::size_t y_min = 0; std::size_t y_max = space.dimension_y(); for (std::size_t n {} ; n != rounds && ! space.solved() ; ++n) { // content on next slide } } ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ## Materials ## Implementation ] .right-column[ ```cpp if (x_min >= x_max || y_min >= y_max) { return; } std::size_t x0 = space.previous_x(); auto const& hint = space.hint(); if (hint.back() == 'L') { x_max = x0 -1; x0 = (x_max + x_min) /2; } else if (hint.back() == 'R') { x_min = x0 +1; x0 = (x_max + x_min) /2; } // same for y... space.move(x0, y0); ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ## Materials ## Implementation ## Result ] .right-column[ User tests: ![codingame user tests](https://dubzzz.github.io/property-based-testing-cpp/talk/codingame-user-tests.png "CodinGame user tests") ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ## Materials ## Implementation ## Result ] .right-column[ Evaluation tests: ![codingame eval tests](https://dubzzz.github.io/property-based-testing-cpp/talk/codingame-eval-tests.png "CodinGame eval tests") ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ## Materials ## Implementation ## Result ## Property-based testing ] .right-column[ Test implementation using RapidCheck: ```cpp RC_GTEST_PROP(ShadowsOfTheKnight, SAlwaysReachTarget, ()) { auto w = *inRange(1, 10000).as("grid width"); auto h = *inRange(1, 10000).as("grid height"); auto inRangeGen = apply( [](auto x, auto y) { return std::make_pair(x, y); } , inRange(0, w) , inRange(0, h)); auto current = *inRangeGen.as("start position"); auto solution = *inRangeGen.as("target position"); Space space = SpaceBuilder{} .withDimension(w, h) .withSolution(solution.first, solution.second) .withCurrent(current.first, current.second) .build(); locate_in_space(space, std::max(h, w)); RC_ASSERT(space.solved()); } ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ## Materials ## Implementation ## Result ## Property-based testing ] .right-column[ Failed with output: ``` Falsifiable after 9 tests and 5 shrinks grid width: 8 grid height: 8 start position: (0, 1) target position: (1, 0) ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ## Materials ## Implementation ## Result ## Property-based testing ] .right-column[ .building[ .bline[ .office-on[.limit[]] .office-on[.bomb[]] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[.tux[]] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[] ] .bline[ .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[.limit[]] ] ] Inputs: ``` dimensions = (8, 8) xmin, xmax = (0, 8) ymin, ymax = (0, 8) position = (0, 1) hint = "UR" ``` Strategy: ``` xmin, xmax = (1, 8) ymin, ymax = (0, 0) position = (4, 0) ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ## Materials ## Implementation ## Result ## Property-based testing ] .right-column[ .building[ .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[.limit[] .bomb[]] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[.tux[]] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-no[.limit[]]] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] ] ] Inputs: ``` dimensions = (8, 8) xmin, xmax = (1, 8) ymin, ymax = (0, 0) position = (4, 0) hint = "L" ``` Strategy: ``` Cannot suggest anything, it seems that there is no solution ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ## Materials ## Implementation ## Result ## Property-based testing ] .right-column[ .building[ .bline[ .office-off[] .office-on[.limit[] .bomb[]] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[.tux[]] .office-on[] .office-on[] .office-on[]] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-no[.limit[]]] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] ] ] Inputs: ``` dimensions = (8, 8) xmin, xmax = (1, 8) ymin, ymax = (0, 1) position = (4, 0) hint = "L" ``` Strategy: ``` xmin, xmax = (1, 3) ymin, ymax = (0, 1) position = (2, 0) ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ## Materials ## Implementation ## Result ## Property-based testing ] .right-column[ .building[ .bline[ .office-off[] .office-on[.limit[] .bomb[]] .office-on[.tux[]] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[]] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[.limit[]] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] ] ] Inputs: ``` dimensions = (8, 8) xmin, xmax = (1, 3) ymin, ymax = (0, 1) position = (2, 0) hint = "L" ``` Strategy: ``` xmin, xmax = (1, 2) ymin, ymax = (0, 1) position = (1, 0) ``` ] ] --- .header[ # Real example ] .content[ .left-column[ ## Problem statement ## Materials ## Implementation ## Result ## Property-based testing ] .right-column[ .building[ .bline[ .office-off[] .office-on[.limit[] .bomb[] .tux[]] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[]] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[.limit[]] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] .office-off[] ] .bline[ .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] .office-no[] ] ] Inputs: ``` dimensions = (8, 8) xmin, xmax = (1, 2) ymin, ymax = (0, 1) position = (1, 0) hint = "" ``` ] ] --- template: title_template # Conclusion --- template: title_template # Questions? [Talk materials & sources](https://github.com/dubzzz/property-based-testing-cpp) [John Hughes - Don't Write Tests](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXnS_Xjwk2Y) [Generating test cases so you don’t have to](https://labs.spotify.com/2015/06/25/rapid-check/)


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--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/mathlib.html ---
Is it strange that we have monoid.pow
and gpow
(for groups)? Can we make these more uniform?
you mean the names? Do you have a better idea?
group.pow
?
eh, I think the reason I didn't do that to begin with is because that puts all the group.pow theorems in the group
namespace, which makes stuff longer since it's usually not open.
I would generally vote for longer over obscure, but I don't have a sense of how bad this would be here.
So why isn't this an argument for mpow
, thus not putting all the monoid.pow
theorems in the monoid
namespace, which is also usually not oen?
So why isn't this an argument for
mpow
, thus not putting all themonoid.pow
theorems in themonoid
namespace, which is also usually not open?
you win
you will notice that I only use the monoid
namespace when I need to in theorems, as disambiguation
but I didn't say the current way is at all consistent, nor am I averse to changing it
I am not suggesting it be changed, I was just being a pedant.
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Class Map
Class that represents the map for the game server.
Inheritance
System.Object
Map
Implements
Inherited Members
System.Object.Equals(System.Object)
System.Object.Equals(System.Object, System.Object)
System.Object.GetHashCode()
System.Object.GetType()
System.Object.MemberwiseClone()
System.Object.ReferenceEquals(System.Object, System.Object)
System.Object.ToString()
Namespace: Fibula.Map
Assembly: Fibula.Map.dll
Syntax
public class Map : IMap
Constructors
| Improve this Doc View SourceMap(ILogger, IMapLoader, ICreatureFinder)
Initializes a new instance of the Map class.
Declaration
public Map(ILogger logger, IMapLoader mapLoader, ICreatureFinder creatureFinder)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Serilog.ILogger | logger | A reference to the logger to use. |
| IMapLoader | mapLoader | The map loader to use to load this map. |
| ICreatureFinder | creatureFinder | A reference to the creature finder. |
Properties
| Improve this Doc View SourceCreatureFinder
Gets the reference to the creature finder.
Declaration
public ICreatureFinder CreatureFinder { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ICreatureFinder |
Loader
Gets the reference to the selected map loader.
Declaration
public IMapLoader Loader { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| IMapLoader |
Logger
Gets the reference to the current logger.
Declaration
public ILogger Logger { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Serilog.ILogger |
Methods
| Improve this Doc View SourceGetTileAt(Location)
Declaration
public ITile GetTileAt(Location location)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Location | location | The location to get the file from. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ITile | A reference to the ITile found, if any. |
GetTileAt(Location, out ITile, Boolean)
Declaration
public bool GetTileAt(Location location, out ITile tile, bool loadAsNeeded = true)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Location | location | The location to get the file from. |
| ITile | tile | A reference to the ITile found, if any. |
| System.Boolean | loadAsNeeded | Optional. A value indicating whether to attempt to load tiles if the loader hasn't loaded them yet. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | A value indicating whether a ITile was found, false otherwise. |
Events
| Improve this Doc View SourceWindowLoaded
Event invoked when a window of coordinates in the map is loaded.
Declaration
public event WindowLoaded WindowLoaded
Event Type
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| WindowLoaded |


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QISKit ACQUA Overview¶
Problems that can benefit from the power of quantum computing have been identified in numerous domains, such as Chemistry, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Optimization and Finance. Quantum computing, however, requires very specialized skills. To address the needs of the vast population of practitioners who want to use and contribute to quantum computing at various levels of the software stack, we have created QISKit Algorithms and Circuits for QUantum Applications (QISKit ACQUA), an extensible library of quantum algorithms that can be invoked directly or via domain-specific computational applications: QISKit ACQUA Chemistry, QISKit ACQUA Artificial Intelligence, and QISKit ACQUA Optimization.
Modularity and Extensibility¶
QISKit ACQUA is the only end-to-end, cross-domain quantum software stack that allows for mapping high-level classical computational software problems all the way down to a quantum machine (a simulator or a real quantum device). The following figure shows the architecture of QISKit ACQUA.
QISKit ACQUA was specifically designed in order to be extensible at each level of the software stack. This allows different users with different levels of expertise and different scientific interests to contribute to, and extend, the QISKit ACQUA software stack at different levels.
Input Generation¶
At the application level, QISKit ACQUA allows for classical computational software to be used as the quantum application front end. This module is extensible; new computational software can be easily plugged in. BBehind the scenes, QISKit ACQUA lets that software perform some initial computations classically. The results of those computations are then combined with the problem configuration and translated into input for one or more quantum algorithms, which invoke the QISKit code APIs to build, compile and execute quantum circuits.
Input Translation¶
The problem configuration and (if present) the additional intermediate data obtained from the classical execution of the computational software are combined to form the input to the quantum system. This phase, known as translation, is also extensible. Practitioners interested in providing more efficient translation operators may do so by extending this layer of the QISKit ACQUA software stack with their own translation operator implementation.
Quantum Algorithms¶
Quantum algorithm researchers and developers can experiment with the algorithms already included in QISKit ACQUA, or contribute their own algorithms via the pluggable interface exposed by QISKit ACQUA. In addition to plain quantum algorithms, QISKit ACQUA offers a vast eet of supporting components, such as variationa forms, local and global optimizers, initial states, Quantum Fourier Transforms (QFTs) and Grover oracles. These components are also extensible via pluggable interfaces.
Novel Features¶
In addition to its modularity and extensibility, ability to span across mutiple domains, and top-to-bottom completeness from classical computational software to quantum hardware, compared to other quantum software stacks QISKit ACQUA present some unique advangates in terms of usability, functionality, and configuration-correctness enforcement.
User Experience¶
Allowing classical computational software at the front end has its own important advantages. In fact, at the top of the QISKit ACQUA software stack are industry-domain experts, who are most likely very familiar with existing computational software specific to their own domain. These practitioners may be interested in experimenting with the benefits of quantum computing in terms of performance, accuracy and reduction of computational complexity, but at the same time they might be unwilling to learn about the underlying quantum infrastructure. Ideally, such practitioners would like to use the computational software they are used to as a front end to the quantum computing system, without having to learn a new quantum programming language of new APIs. It is also likely that such practitioners may have collected, over time, numerous problem configurations, corresponding to various experiments. QISKit ACQUA has been designed to accept those configuration files with no modifications, and without requiring a practitioner experienced in a particular domain to have to learn a quantum programming language. This approach has a clear advantage in terms of usability.
Functionality¶
If QISKit ACQUA had beem designed to interpose a quantum programming language or new APIs between the user and the classical computational software, it would not have been able to fully exploit all the features of the underlying classical computational software unless those features had been exposed at the higher programming-language or API level. In other words, in order to drive the classical execution of any interfaced computational software to the most precise computation of the intermediate data needed to form the quantum input, the advanced features of that software would have had to be configurable through QISKit ACQUA. Given the intention for QISKit ACQUA to have an extensible interface capable of accepting any classical computational software, the insertion of a quantum-specific programming language or API would have been not only a usability obstacle, but also a functionality-limiting factor. The ability of QISKit ACQUA to directly interface classical computational software allows that software to compute the intermediate data needed to form the quantum input at its highest level of precision.
Configuration Correctness¶
QISKit ACQUA offers another unique feature. Given that QISKit ACQUA allows traditional software to be executed on a quantum system, configuring an experiment in a particular domain may require a hybrid configuration that involves both domain- and quantum-specific configuration parameters. The chances of introducing configuration errors, making typos, or selecting incompatible configuration parameters are very high, especially for people who are expert in a given domain but new to the realm of quantum computing. To address such issues, in QISKit ACQUA the problem-specific configuration information and the quantum-specific configuration information are dynamically verified for correctness so that the combination of classical and quantum inputs is resilient to configuration errors. Very importantly, configuration correctness is dynamically enforced even for components that are dynamically discovered and loaded,
Authors¶
QISKit ACQUA was inspired, authored and brought about by the collective work of a team of researchers.
QISKit ACQUA continues now to grow with the help and work of many people, who contribute to the project at different levels.
License¶
This project uses the Apache License Version 2.0 software license.