Visualizing training with tfjs-vis
tfjs-vis is a small set of visualization utilities to make it easier to understand what is going on with your tfjs models. It is designed in a way to work along side regular web apps. This page will use some of the features of tfjs to illustrate what is going on with a convolutional model that will be trained (in the browser) to recognize handwritten digits.
tfjs-vis provides 2 main things:
- A place to put visualizations that tries not to interfere with your web page. We call this place a visor.
- Some built in visualizations that we have found to be useful when working with TensorFlow.js
The Visor
Let's take a look at the first. Calling tfvis.visor()
will create a visor if it doesn't exist or
return
the existing one. Click the button below to show the
visor.
Notice the panel that is now displayed on the right. It hovers over your pages content and shouldn't disturb the flow of your page's DOM Elements. You can see a few controls for showing or hiding the visor, but by default it also supports the following keyboard shortcuts:
- ` (backtick): Shows or hides the visor
- ~ (tilde, shift+backtick): Toggles betweeen the two sizes the visor supports
Surfaces
To add content to the visor we need a surface. We make a surface with the following function call:
To create a surface we must give is a name, we can also optionally specify a tab name that the surface should
be put on.
visor().surface()
allows us to create a surface if it doesn't exist or fetch it if it does. This
API
returns an object that has a pointer to 3 DOM elements:
- container: The containing DOM element for the surface
- label: The label element
- drawArea: A DOM Element where we can render visualizations or other content.
Our Data
We will use the MNIST database as our training set, it is comprised of a set of about 60k images of handwritten digits, all cropped to 28x28 px. Lets take a look at a few examples, we'll use the surface we created earlier.
The code to render these examples isn't built into tfjs. But because you have full access to the DOM element for each surface, you can draw whatever you would like into them. This allows easy integration of custom visualizations into the visor.
Here is the code for the "Show Example Digits" button above:
Training Our Model
Our goal is to train a model to recognize similar digits. We have already written a tutorial on how to do so. So in this article we are going to focus on monitoring that training and also look at how well our model performs.
First let us define a helper function to do our training.
We can use the show.fitCallbacks
method to get functions that will plot the loss after every batch
and
epoch.
Another option is to wait for the training to complete and render the loss curve when it is done.
Customizing training charts.
The show.fitCallbacks
function is designed to help you quickly plot training behaviour
with reasonable defaults. If you want to customize the rendering of these charts, you can use
render.linechart
function. An example that plots accuracy values at the end
of every epoch using custom colors and a custom yaxis domain is shown below.
Evaluating Our Model
Now that our model is trained we should evalute its performance. For a classification task like this one we can use the `perClassAccuracy` and `confusionMatrix` functions. These are demonstrated below.


HAMLET
though I most powerfully and potently believe, yet
I hold it not honesty to have it thus set down, for
yourself, sir, should be old as I am, if like a crab
you could go backward.
LORD POLONIUS
[Aside] Though this be madness, yet there is method
in 't. Will you walk out of the air, my lord?
HAMLET
Into my grave.
LORD POLONIUS
Indeed, that is out o' the air.
Aside
How pregnant sometimes his replies are! a happiness
that often madness hits on, which reason and sanity
could not so prosperously be delivered of. I will
leave him, and suddenly contrive the means of
meeting between him and my daughter.--My honourable
lord, I will most humbly take my leave of you.

LORD POLONIUS
Fare you well, my lord.
HAMLET
These tedious old fools!
Enter ROSENCRANTZ and GUILDENSTERN
LORD POLONIUS
You go to seek the Lord Hamlet; there he is.

Exit POLONIUS
GUILDENSTERN
My honoured lord!
ROSENCRANTZ
My most dear lord!
HAMLET
My excellent good friends! How dost thou,
Guildenstern? Ah, Rosencrantz! Good lads, how do ye both?
ROSENCRANTZ
As the indifferent children of the earth.
GUILDENSTERN
Happy, in that we are not over-happy;
On fortune's cap we are not the very button.
HAMLET
Nor the soles of her shoe?
ROSENCRANTZ
Neither, my lord.
HAMLET
Then you live about her waist, or in the middle of
her favours?
GUILDENSTERN
'Faith, her privates we.
HAMLET
In the secret parts of fortune? O, most true; she
is a strumpet. What's the news?
ROSENCRANTZ
None, my lord, but that the world's grown honest.
HAMLET
Then is doomsday near: but your news is not true.
Let me question more in particular: what have you,
my good friends, deserved at the hands of fortune,
that she sends you to prison hither?
GUILDENSTERN
Prison, my lord!
HAMLET
Denmark's a prison.
ROSENCRANTZ
Then is the world one.
HAMLET
A goodly one; in which there are many confines,
wards and dungeons, Denmark being one o' the worst.
ROSENCRANTZ
We think not so, my lord.
HAMLET
Why, then, 'tis none to you; for there is nothing
either good or bad, but thinking makes it so: to me
it is a prison.
ROSENCRANTZ
Why then, your ambition makes it one; 'tis too
narrow for your mind.
HAMLET
O God, I could be bounded in a nut shell and count
myself a king of infinite space, were it not that I
have bad dreams.
GUILDENSTERN
Which dreams indeed are ambition, for the very
substance of the ambitious is merely the shadow of a dream.
HAMLET
A dream itself is but a shadow.
ROSENCRANTZ
Truly, and I hold ambition of so airy and light a
quality that it is but a shadow's shadow.
HAMLET
Then are our beggars bodies, and our monarchs and
outstretched heroes the beggars' shadows. Shall we
HAMLET
to the court? for, by my fay, I cannot reason.
GUILDENSTERN
We'll wait upon you.
HAMLET
No such matter: I will not sort you with the rest
of my servants, for, to speak to you like an honest
man, I am most dreadfully attended. But, in the
beaten way of friendship, what make you at Elsinore?
ROSENCRANTZ
To visit you, my lord; no other occasion.
HAMLET
Beggar that I am, I am even poor in thanks; but I
thank you: and sure, dear friends, my thanks are
too dear a halfpenny. Were you not sent for? Is it
your own inclining? Is it a free visitation? Come,
HAMLET
love, and by what more dear a better proposer could
charge you withal, be even and direct with me,
whether you were sent for, or no?
ROSENCRANTZ
[Aside to GUILDENSTERN] What say you?
HAMLET
[Aside] Nay, then, I have an eye of you.--If you
love me, hold not off.
GUILDENSTERN
My lord, we were sent for.
 I have of late--but
wherefore I know not--lost all my mirth, forgone all
custom of exercises; and indeed it goes so heavily
with my disposition that this goodly frame, the
earth, seems to me a sterile promontory, this most
excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave
HAMLET
o'erhanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted
with golden fire, why, it appears no other thing to
me than a foul and pestilent congregation of vapours.
What a piece of work is a man! how noble in reason!
how infinite in faculty! in form and moving how
express and admirable! in action how like an angel!
in apprehension how like a god! the beauty of the
world! the paragon of animals! And yet, to me,
what is this quintessence of dust? man delights not
me: no, nor woman neither, though by your smiling
you seem to say so.
ROSENCRANTZ
My lord, there was no such stuff in my thoughts.
HAMLET
Why did you laugh then, when I said 'man delights not me'?
ROSENCRANTZ
To think, my lord, if you delight not in man, what
lenten entertainment the players shall receive from
you: we coted them on the way; and hither are they
coming, to offer you service.
HAMLET
He that plays the king shall be welcome; his majesty
shall have tribute of me; the adventurous knight
shall use his foil and target; the lover shall not
sigh gratis; the humourous man shall end his part
in peace; the clown shall make those laugh whose
lungs are tickled o' the sere; and the lady shall
say her mind freely, or the blank verse shall halt
HAMLET
for't. What players are they?
ROSENCRANTZ
Even those you were wont to take delight in, the
tragedians of the city.
HAMLET
How chances it they travel? their residence, both
in reputation and profit, was better both ways.
ROSENCRANTZ
I think their inhibition comes by the means of the
late innovation.
HAMLET
Do they hold the same estimation they did when I was
in the city? are they so followed?
ROSENCRANTZ
No, indeed, are they not.
HAMLET
How comes it? do they grow rusty?
ROSENCRANTZ
Nay, their endeavour keeps in the wonted pace: but
there is, sir, an aery of children, little eyases,
that cry out on the top of question, and are most
tyrannically clapped for't: these are now the
fashion, and so berattle the common stages--so they
call them--that many wearing rapiers are afraid of
goose-quills and dare scarce come thither.
HAMLET
What, are they children? who maintains 'em? how are
HAMLET
afterwards, if they should grow themselves to common
players--as it is most like, if their means are no
better--their writers do them wrong, to make them
exclaim against their own succession?
ROSENCRANTZ
'Faith, there has been much to do on both sides; and
the nation holds it no sin to tarre them to
controversy: there was, for a while, no money bid
for argument, unless the poet and the player went to
cuffs in the question.
HAMLET
Is't possible?
GUILDENSTERN
O, there has been much throwing about of brains.


Bleach (Japanese: ブリーチ Hepburn: Burīchi?) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tite Kubo. Bleach follows the adventures of the hotheaded teenager Ichigo Kurosaki after he obtains the powers of a Soul Reaper (死神 Shinigami?, literally, "Death God")—a death personification similar to the Grim Reaper—from another Soul Reaper, Rukia Kuchiki. His new-found powers force him to take on the duties of defending humans from evil spirits and guiding departed souls to the afterlife, and set him on journeys to various ghostly realms of existence.
View ProjectFairy Tail (Japanese: フェアリーテイル Hepburn: Fearī Teiru?) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hiro Mashima. It has been published in Weekly Shōnen Magazine since August 2, 2006, and has been published by Kodansha in 56 tankōbon volumes; the individual chapters are being published in tankōbon volumes by Kodansha, with the first released on December 15, 2006, and the 56th volume released on July 15, 2016. Fairy Tail follows the adventures of Natsu Dragneel, teenage wizard (魔導士 madōshi?),[2] who is a member of the popular wizards' guild Fairy Tail, as he searches for the dragon Igneel.
Psycho-Pass (Japanese: サイコパス Hepburn: Saiko Pasu?, stylized as PSYCHO-PASS) is an anime television series that was produced by Production I.G, directed by Naoyoshi Shiotani & Katsuyuki Motohiro and written by Gen Urobuchi. The series was aired on Fuji TV's Noitamina programming block between October 2012 and March 2013. The story takes place in an authoritarian future dystopia, where omnipresent public sensors continuously scan the Psycho-Pass of every citizen in range. The sensors measure mental state, personality, and the probability that the citizen will commit crimes, alerting authorities when someone exceeds accepted norms. To enforce order, the officers of the Public Safety Bureau carry hand weapons called Dominators. The story follows Akane Tsunemori, Shinya Kogami, and other members of Unit One of the Public Safety Bureau's Criminal Investigation Division, and the crimes they investigate using Dominators.
View ProjectTiger & Bunny (タイガー＆バニー Taigā Ando Banī?) is a 2011 Japanese anime television series produced by Sunrise under the direction of Keiichi Satou. The screenplay was written by Masafumi Nishida, with original character design by Masakazu Katsura. The series began its broadcast run in Japan on April 3, 2011 on Tokyo MX, followed by rebroadcasts on BS11 and MBS, and ended on September 17, 2011.[1] Viz Media are also simulcasting the series, streaming on Hulu and Anime News Network.[2] It is set in a futuristic city where heroes fight crime whilst promoting real life sponsors, focusing on two superheroes, the old-fashioned Kotetsu T. "Wild Tiger" Kaburagi and the rookie hero Barnaby "Bunny" Brooks Jr., as they are forced by their employers to work together.
View ProjectAttack on Titan (Japanese: 進撃の巨人 Hepburn: Shingeki no Kyojin?, lit. "Advancing Giants") is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama. The series began in Kodansha's Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine on September 9, 2009, and has been collected into 19 tankōbon volumes as of April 2016.  The story initially centers on Eren Yeager, his adopted sister Mikasa Ackerman and childhood friend Armin Arlert, who join the military to fight the Titans after their home town is invaded and Eren's mother is eaten. However, as the story progresses and the truths about the Titans are slowly revealed to the reader, the narrative shifts to encompass Historia Reiss, squad leader Levi, and other supporting characters.
View Project


"ABANA "stony (Hebrews marg. “Amanah,” perennial), the chief river of Damascus (2 Kings 5:12). Its modern name is Barada, the Chrysorrhoas, or“golden stream,” of the Greeks. It rises in a cleft of the Anti-Lebanon range, about 23 miles north-west of Damascus, and after flowing southward for a little way parts into three smaller streams, the central one flowing through Damascus, and the other two on each side of the city, diffusing beauty and fertility where otherwise there would be barrenness.
"ABANA "stony (Hebrews marg. “Amanah,” perennial), the chief river of Damascus (2 Kings 5:12). Its modern name is Barada, the Chrysorrhoas, or“golden stream,” of the Greeks. It rises in a cleft of the Anti-Lebanon range, about 23 miles north-west of Damascus, and after flowing southward for a little way parts into three smaller streams, the central one flowing through Damascus, and the other two on each side of the city, diffusing beauty and fertility where otherwise there would be barrenness.


The conference has reserved a block of rooms at the Hilton in Dupont Circle for the special rate of $127 per night. Each room is accessible for people with mobility disabilities. The conference takes place in the hotel. The address is 1919 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington D.C 20016.
Check in starts at 4:00PM; check out is at 11:00AM. On July 9th we will provide an option for you to place your bags after check out, before the conference is finished.
FROM NEAREST METRO STATION (Dupont Circle):
The Dupont Circle Metro Station on the Red Line is closest Metro Station to the hotel. Exit at the north end of the Station to Q Street and walk four blocks north on Connecticut Avenue to Hilton Washington, located at 1919 Connecticut Avenue.
FROM NATIONAL AIRPORT (DCA):
Follow signs to I-395 and 14th St. Bridge. While on 395 North move to the left lane when you will see the sign for Route One. This will take you to the 14th Street exit. Take 395 North over the 14th St. Bridge. Stay in the left-hand lane take 14th St. to R St. NW. You will notice the streets run alphabetically. Make a left on R St. Follow R St. for six blocks to Connecticut Avenue NW. Make a right on Connecticut Ave. Hilton Washington will be four blocks up on right.
ARKING: From Connecticut Avenue, take a right on T Street and drive alongside the perimeter of the hotel. Drive past the T Street Ballroom entrance, and at the first intersection, take a hard left onto Florida Avenue, and then another left onto 19th Street. The parking facility entrance is located on the left, on 19th Street.
FROM DULLES AIRPORT (IAD):
Take Dulles toll road to Rt. 66 East. Take Rt. 66 to Constitution Avenue. Constitution Avenue to 18th St. Left on 18th St. 18th St. to Connecticut Ave. Left on Connecticut Ave. Stay in left-hand lane and take the Dupont Circle underpass. Hilton Washington will be three blocks up on right corner Connecticut Ave and T St.
FROM BALTIMORE-WASHINGTON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (BWI):
Leave terminal and follow signs to I-95 South. Take I-95 South to 495 West. 495 West to exit 33, the sign will say Chevy Chase/Connecticut Ave. Take Connecticut Avenue south. After approximately five miles on Connecticut Ave. South you will see the National Zoo on your left. Five blocks after zoo you will come to the William Taft Bridge. Cross bridge and get into left lane. At third traffic light, make a left, hotel will be on left.
FROM BALTIMORE / EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA / NEW YORK - NORTH:
Take Rt. I 95 south to 495 West. Take 495 West to exit 33, the sign will say Chevy Chase/Connecticut Ave. Take Connecticut Avenue South. After approximately five miles on Connecticut Ave. South you will see the National Zoo on your left. Five blocks after zoo you will come to the William Taft Bridge. Cross bridge and get into left lane. At third traffic light, make a left, hotel will be on left.
FROM BALTIMORE WASHINGTON PARKWAY:
Take Baltimore Washington Parkway to New York Ave.
Stay on New York Ave. for approximately six miles then veer right on to Massachusetts Ave. Take Massachusetts Ave. to Dupont Circle stay in the outer right-hand lane.
Go a third of the way around the circle and make a right on to Connecticut Ave.
Hilton Washington will be four blocks up on right.
FROM RICHMOND / WILLIAMSBURG - SOUTH:
Take I 95 North to 395 North. Stay on 395 North and when you see the sign for Route One move to the left lane. This will take you to the 14th Street exit. Follow 395 North over the 14th St. Bridge. Stay in the left-hand lane. Take 14th St. to R St NW. You will notice the streets run alphabetically. Make a left on R St.
Follow R St. for six blocks to Connecticut Ave. NW. Make a right on Connecticut Ave.
Hilton Washington will be three blocks up on right.
FROM RT. 66 / MCLEAN / CHARLOTTESVILLE - WEST:
Take Rt. 66 to Constitution Ave. Constitution Ave. to 18th St. Left on 18th St. 18th St. to Connecticut Ave. Left on Connecticut Ave. Stay in left-hand lane and take the Dupont Circle underpass. Hilton Washington will be on the right.


Project 5, deadline December 14, 2018
Molecular Dynamics project
Fall semester 2018
Theoretical background and description of the physical system
In this project we will implement a model called molecular dynamics
(MD). Molecular dynamics allows us to study the dynamics of atoms and
explore the phase space. For those of you who are taking FYS2160 -
Thermodynamics, this project will be an excellent choice. The atoms
interact through a force given by the negative gradient of a potential
energy function. With this force, we can integrate Newton's
laws. While exploring the phase space, we will sample statistical
properties of the system like energy, temperature, pressure, diffusion
constant and so on. The project can be seen also as an extension from project 3,
where you wrote an object-oriented code for the solar system.
Here we will use another potential for modeling the interaction between atoms.
Molecular dynamics is based on the assumption that even atoms move
according to the laws of Newton, given the correct model for
interactions. The goal of this project is to model an argon gas, where
the atoms interact according to the famous Lennard-Jones potential,
$$
\begin{equation}
U(r) = 4\varepsilon\qty(\qty(\frac{\sigma}{r})^{12} - \qty(\frac{\sigma}{r})^6), \label{eq:lj}
\end{equation}
$$
where \( r \) is the distance between two atoms,
\( r=\norm{\boldsymbol{r}_i-\boldsymbol{r}_j} \). The quantity \( \sigma \) and \( \varepsilon \)
are parameters which determine which chemical compound is
modelled. This potential is a good approximation for noble
gases. Before you begin it is also useful to find the force on atom
\( i \) at position \( \boldsymbol{r}_i \) from atom \( j \) at position \( \boldsymbol{r}_j \).
We will also learn how to do write object oriented code. You can use your code
from project 3 or look at a
a code skeleton that contains the basic structure of an MD code.
You can find the code skeleton
here. You
can clone or fork this repository into your own. The class structure
which you developed for project 3 can also be used again here, as well
as the Velocity Verlet algorithm of project 3.
After you have downloaded the repository, open the project in Qt
Creator and see if it runs. The program should create 100 argon atoms
and place them uniformly inside a cubic box with sides 10
Angstroms. Each atom is given a velocity according to the
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution so that
$$
\begin{align}
P(v_i)d\mathrm{v}_i = \left(\frac{m}{2\pi k_B
T}\right)^{1/2} \exp\left(-\frac{m v_i^2}{2k_B T}\right)d\mathrm{v}_i,
\label{_auto1}
\end{align}
$$
where \( m \) is the mass of the atom, \( k_B \) is
Boltzmann's constant and \( T \) is the temperature. We recognize this as
a normal distribution with zero mean and standard deviation \( \sigma =
\sqrt{k_B T/m} \). We recognize this also as the Boltzmann distribution \( P(E) \propto \exp{(-\beta E)} \), with \( E = 0.5mv^2 \).
The program will evolve the system in time with no
forces so that all atoms move in a straight line. It will create a
file called movie.xyz containing all the timesteps ready to
visualize with for example Ovito. You can download Ovito from this site. You should start
with the fun part - to look at the simulation in Ovito. We then
strongly recommend that, before you start, you look at the code
structure and try to understand how the different classes are
connected to each other and how a typical timestep is computed. You
can skip understanding the contents of unitconverter.cpp and vec3.cpp.
For this project you can collaborate with fellow students and you can hand in a common report.
This project (together with projects 3 and 4) counts 1/3 of the final mark.
Before starting
If you wish to study the above program, while you develop your own code, it may be useful to
pay attention to the following two steps:
- First, spend some 30 minutes figuring out what molecular dynamics is and which problems it can be applied to. What areas of physics can it be used in? What about chemistry and biology? What you find here should be part of the introductory section in your report.
- Then run the program, visualize the output with for example Ovito (as mentioned above). Now, spend some 30-60 minutes looking at the code and understand how the output is produced and try to understand every step in the code. The best way to do this is to start at the top of the main() function and follow every line and every function call, step by step. As a part of your report, you should explain the code structure and draw a flow chart (a diagram showing how the program is executed). This part is extremely important and will save you a lot of time. And of course, please ask us teachers if you have any questions!
Project 5a): Getting started
When working with MD, the system size is usually limited by available computer resources. A typical large MD simulation (with a parallelized code) contains a few million atoms corresponding to a system much smaller than a cubic micron. In order to get rid of boundary effects, we usually apply periodic boundary conditions so that we simulate a system of infinite size. You need to implement the applyPeriodicBoundaryConditions function in the System class. After doing so, run the program again and notice how the atoms now are contained inside a box. Discuss the benefits of this strategy.
Project 5b): Velocity distribution
The atoms are usually given velocities according to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (you should discuss why this is the case) which will result in a nonzero net momentum in the system. Implement the removeMomentum function in the System class so that the net momentum is zero.
Project 5c): FCC lattice
The atoms are now uniformly distributed in space. This is not very physical, so we should place the atoms in a crystal structure. When we later implement the Lennard-Jones potential, we will see that the face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice is a stable structure for the potential (it is actually the crystalline structure of argon). A lattice is built up by unit cells - a group of atoms - so that a larger system can be created by repeating these cells in space. An FCC lattice unit cell of size \( b \) in Angstroms (this is the lattice constant) consists of four atoms with local coordinates
$$
\begin{align}
\mathbf{r}_1 &= 0 \hat{\mathbf{i}} + 0 \hat{\mathbf{j}} + 0 \hat{\mathbf{k}},
\label{_auto2}\\
\mathbf{r}_2 &= \frac{b}{2} \hat{\mathbf{i}} + \frac{b}{2} \hat{\mathbf{j}} + 0 \hat{\mathbf{k}},
\label{_auto3}\\
\mathbf{r}_3 &= 0 \hat{\mathbf{i}} + \frac{b}{2} \hat{\mathbf{j}} + \frac{b}{2} \hat{\mathbf{k}},
\label{_auto4}\\
\mathbf{r}_4 &= \frac{b}{2} \hat{\mathbf{i}} + 0 \hat{\mathbf{j}} + \frac{b}{2} \hat{\mathbf{k}}.
\label{_auto5}
\end{align}
$$
You can now create \( N_x \times N_y \times N_z \) such unit cells next to each other to form a larger system so that the origin of unit cell \( (i,j,k) \) is
$$
\begin{align}
\mathbf{R}_{i,j,k} = i \hat{\mathbf{u}}_1 + j \hat{\mathbf{u}}_2 + k \hat{\mathbf{u}}_3,
\label{_auto6}
\end{align}
$$
where \( i=0,1,..., N_x-1, j=0,1,..., N_y-1, k=0,1,..., N_z-1 \). The unit vectors of the unit cells are scaled with the lattice constant \( b \) so that
$$
\begin{align}
\hat{\mathbf{u}}_1 = b\hat{\mathbf{i}}, \quad \hat{\mathbf{u}}_2 = b\hat{\mathbf{j}}, \quad \hat{\mathbf{u}}_3 = b\hat{\mathbf{k}}.
\label{_auto7}
\end{align}
$$
Implement the function createFCCLattice(int numberOfUnitCellsEachDimension, double latticeConstant) in the System class. Remember to remove the 100 atoms that are created as the code is right now. Use lattice constant \( b=5.26 \) $\mathrm{Angstrom}$. Remember to update the system size so the applyPeriodicBoundaryConditions function works properly. If you now visualize the result of the program, you should see the nice crystalline structure in the beginning of the simulation. What is the density \( \rho \) in your system?
Project 5d): Calculation of forces
While this looks nice, we need to implement the computation of forces in order to see interesting physics. In this project, we will use the Lennard-Jones potential which calculates the energy between two atoms \( i \) and \( j \) as
$$
\begin{align}
U(r_{ij}) = 4\epsilon\left[\left(\frac{\sigma}{r_{ij}}\right)^{12} - \left(\frac{\sigma}{r_{ij}}\right)^6\right],
\label{_auto8}
\end{align}
$$
where \( r_{ij} = \vert\mathbf{r}_i - \mathbf{r}_j\vert \) is the distance from atom \( i \) to atom \( j \), \( \epsilon \) is the depth of the potential well (with dimension energy) and \( \sigma \) is the distance at which the potential is zero. For argon, optimal values of the parameters are:
$$
\begin{align}
\frac{\epsilon}{k_B} = 119.8\mathrm{K}, \sigma=3.405 \mathrm{Angstrom}.
\label{_auto9}
\end{align}
$$
In our code, we use the so called MD units (see the units definition at the end). This potential reproduces thermodynamic equilibrium properties that are in good agreement with experimental values for argon. The equation of state for this system is the van der Waals equation of state. Phases such as solid, liquid and gas are reproduced from this simple model with phase transitions and other properties as well with a remarkable agreement with data.
The total potential energy \( V \) in the system is computed by summing over all pairs of atoms (counting each pair only once)
$$
\begin{align}
V = \sum_{i>j} U(r_{ij}).
\label{_auto10}
\end{align}
$$
The force is calculated by taking the negative gradient of the potential
$$
\begin{align}
\mathbf{F}(r_{ij}) = -\nabla U(r_{ij}),
\label{_auto11}
\end{align}
$$
giving the \( x \)-component (the other components are calculated the same way)
$$
\begin{align}
F_x(r_{ij}) = -\frac{\partial U}{\partial r_{ij}}\frac{\partial r_{ij}}{\partial x_{ij}},
\label{_auto12}
\end{align}
$$
where \( x_{ij} \) is the \( x \)-component of \( \mathbf{r}_{ij} \).
Calculate (analytically) the force and implement the calculateForces function in the LennardJones class, using the Velocity Verlet algorithm that you developed for project 3. You will have to take care of the periodic boundary conditions. You could use the minimum image convention as described here. Now run the simulation with 5 unit cells in each dimension (500 atoms) for different initial temperatures. Can you tell if the system is in a solid state just by looking at the system in Ovito? At what initial temperature is the crystal melting?
Project 5e): Kinetic and potential energies
We now have a working Molecular dynamics code! The next step is to calculate some physical properties of the system. The easiest properties to measure are the kinetic and potential energy (calculated in the LennardJones class). The kinetic energy is defined as
$$
\begin{align}
E_k = \sum_{i=1}^{N_\text{atoms}} \frac{1}{2} m_i v_i^2,
\label{_auto13}
\end{align}
$$
where \( m_i \) and \( v_i \) is the mass and the speed of atom \( i \). You can use the function atom->velocity.lengthSquared() to calculate the dot product of the velocities.
You can also calculate an estimate of the temperature through the equipartition theorem, see for example D. Schroeder's An Introduction to Thermal Physics for details,
$$
\begin{align}
\langle E_k \rangle = \frac{3}{2}N_\text{atoms} k_B T.
\label{_auto14}
\end{align}
$$
We can use this to define an instantaneous temperature
$$
\begin{align}
T = \frac{2}{3}\frac{E_k}{N_\text{atoms} k_B}.
\label{_auto15}
\end{align}
$$
All of these quantities should be calculated in the StatisticsSampler class. All the statistical quantities should be saved to a file which needs to be implemented in the saveToFile function in the same class.
As you will see, since the temperature is proportional to the kinetic energy, its initial value will drop in the beginning when the system is initialized in the crystal structure. Why does this happen? What happens to the total energy? In order to have a system with final temperature \( T \), what initial temperature \( T_i \) is needed? What is the ratio \( T/T_i \)? Do multiple simulations with different random seeds and plot this ratio as a function of time. Again visualize with for example Ovito and try to determine at what temperature the system actually melts at. After the temperature drops, it will reach a more or less stable value. The system is then said to be in an equilibrium state.
Project 5f): Diffusion constant
The last exercise is to compute the diffusion constant and use this to measure the melting temperature. We use the Einstein relation that relates the so called mean square displacement (MSD) to the diffusion constant
$$
\begin{align}
\langle r^2(t) \rangle = 6Dt,
\label{_auto16}
\end{align}
$$
where \( D \) is the diffusion constant, \( t \) is time. The mean square displacement for atom \( i \) is calculated as
$$
\begin{align}
r_i^2(t) = |\mathbf{r}_i(t) - \mathbf{r}_i(0)|^2,
\label{_auto17}
\end{align}
$$
where \( \mathbf{r}_i(t) \) is the position of atom \( i \) at time \( t \). When you implement this you need to add the initial position as a new property in the Atom class. You also need to update the applyPeriodicBoundaryConditions so that \( r_i^2(t) \) is the actual displacement as if no periodic boundary condition has occured. Why is this important?
We can use the diffusion constant to find the melting temperature. Atoms in a solid will not diffuse much, meaning that a solid will have a diffusion constant close to zero. Now solve the Einstein relation for the diffusion constant \( D \) and add a function in StatisticsSampler thats measures this quantity. Plot the diffusion constant as a function of temperature \( T \) and use this to find an estimate for the melting temperature. Use what you found earlier to make sure you simulate temperatures both above and below the melting temperature. Also remember not to use the initial temperature, but the measured temperature after the system has reached equilibrium. You can use the builtin UnitConverter to convert the temperature to SI units as illustrated in the top of the main function.
Link with FYS2160 - what is really going on here?
The idea of an MD simulation is to sample microstates from a statistical ensemble. In our simulation, we have a constant number of atoms \( N \), a constant volume \( V \) and a (more or less, depending on our integrator) constant energy \( E \). This corresponds to the microcanonical ensemble (NVE).
Although we produce the dynamics of atoms, we should not see MD as a model that will give the true trajectories of the atoms, but rather a model that allows us to explore the phase space according to the probabilities we can calculate with statistical mechanics. A fundamental assumption in any MD simulation is the ergodic hypothesis. It states that over long periods of time, the time spent by a system in some region of the phase space of microstates with the same energy is proportional to the volume of this region, i.e., that all accessible microstates are equiprobable over a long period of time. This means that by evolving the atoms through time will visit microstates of the ensemble according to the true probabilities given by the ensemble.
Units
The program uses by default a set of units. We have chosen the following four units
$$
\begin{align}
\text{1 unit of mass } &= 1 \text{ a.m.u} = 1.661\times 10^{-27}\mathrm{kg},
\label{_auto18}\\
\text{1 unit of length } &= 1.0 \mathrm{angstrom} = 1.0\times 10^{-10}\mathrm{m},
\label{_auto19}\\
\text{1 unit of energy } &= 1.651\times 10^{-21}\mathrm{J},
\label{_auto20}\\
\text{1 unit of temperature} &= 119.735\mathrm{K}.
\label{_auto21}
\end{align}
$$
Boltzmann's constant is then equal to one (convince yourself about this), and other units can be derived by using known relations. We can for example find the unit of time by using \( E=mc^2 \). We have that
$$
\begin{align}
\text{Energy} = \text{Mass} \times \frac{\text{Length}^2}{\text{Time}^2},
\label{_auto22}
\end{align}
$$
which can be solved for time
$$
\begin{align}
\text{Time} = \text{Length} \times \sqrt{\frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Energy}}}.
\label{_auto23}
\end{align}
$$
By inserting the values above, we get
$$
\begin{align}
\text{1 unit of time } &= 1.0 \times 10^{-10}\sqrt{\frac{1.661\times 10^{-27}}{1.651\times 10^{-21}}} \text{ s} = 1.00224\times 10^{-13}\mathrm{s}.
\label{_auto24}
\end{align}
$$
This way, we can continue working out the values of the other units. What are the units of force? And pressure? In the project, a class that calculates these values is given.
Introduction to numerical projects
Here follows a brief recipe and recommendation on how to write a report for each
project.
- Give a short description of the nature of the problem and the eventual numerical methods you have used.
- Describe the algorithm you have used and/or developed. Here you may find it convenient to use pseudocoding. In many cases you can describe the algorithm in the program itself.
- Include the source code of your program. Comment your program properly.
- If possible, try to find analytic solutions, or known limits in order to test your program when developing the code.
- Include your results either in figure form or in a table. Remember to label your results. All tables and figures should have relevant captions and labels on the axes.
- Try to evaluate the reliabilty and numerical stability/precision of your results. If possible, include a qualitative and/or quantitative discussion of the numerical stability, eventual loss of precision etc.
- Try to give an interpretation of you results in your answers to the problems.
- Critique: if possible include your comments and reflections about the exercise, whether you felt you learnt something, ideas for improvements and other thoughts you've made when solving the exercise. We wish to keep this course at the interactive level and your comments can help us improve it.
- Try to establish a practice where you log your work at the computerlab. You may find such a logbook very handy at later stages in your work, especially when you don't properly remember what a previous test version of your program did. Here you could also record the time spent on solving the exercise, various algorithms you may have tested or other topics which you feel worthy of mentioning.
Format for electronic delivery of report and programs
The preferred format for the report is a PDF file. You can also use DOC or postscript formats or as an ipython notebook file. As programming language we prefer that you choose between C/C++, Fortran2008 or Python. The following prescription should be followed when preparing the report:
- Use Devilry to hand in your projects, log in at http://devilry.ifi.uio.no with your normal UiO username and password and choose either 'fys3150' or 'fys4150'. There you can load up the files within the deadline.
- Upload only the report file! For the source code file(s) you have developed please provide us with your link to your github domain. The report file should include all of your discussions and a list of the codes you have developed. Do not include library files which are available at the course homepage, unless you have made specific changes to them.
- In your git repository, please include a folder which contains selected results. These can be in the form of output from your code for a selected set of runs and input parametxers.
- In this and all later projects, you should include tests (for example unit tests) of your code(s).
- Comments from us on your projects, approval or not, corrections to be made etc can be found under your Devilry domain and are only visible to you and the teachers of the course.
Finally,
we encourage you to work two and two together. Optimal working groups consist of
2-3 students. For this specific report you can hand in a common report.


You’d like to plant new ideas but you don’t know how
I may have an answer for you. It’s minimal but fully editable. It adapts to every screen size, it’s easy to use and completely free.
Set up your digital garden with Lilium Digital Garden Template for Jekyll.


Data types
HARP defines the following data types. See sections netCDF-3, HDF4, and HDF5 for a detailed description of how these data types are mapped to and from the data types supported by each file format.
HARP data type |
C data type |
bits |
sign |
range |
description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
int8 |
int8_t |
8 |
signed |
[-128, 127] |
signed 8-bit integer type (two’s complement representation) |
int16 |
int16_t |
16 |
signed |
[-32768, 32767] |
signed 16-bit integer type (two’s complement representation) |
int32 |
int32_t |
32 |
signed |
[-2147483648,<PHONE_NUMBER>] |
signed 32-bit integer type (two’s complement representation) |
float |
float |
32 |
signed |
[-3.4E38, 3.4E38] |
IEEE754 single-precision binary floating-point format (on supported platforms) |
double |
double |
64 |
signed |
[-1.7E308, 1.7E308] |
IEEE754 double-precision binary floating-point format (on supported platforms) |
string |
char* |
null-terminated ASCII string |


---
layout: definitions
---
Let $I$ be a box, partitioned by $P$ with the associated indexing set $J$. For each $\vec{a}\in J$, we define the subbox $I^{(\vec{a})}$ to be
$$\begin{align*}
I^{(\vec{a})}:=[x_1^{(a_1-1)}, x_1^{a_1}]\times\dots\times[x_n^{(a_n-1)}, x_n^{a_n}]
\end{align*}$$
Concepts
Coming soon
Used In
Coming soon
Hypothesis
Coming soon
Results
Coming soon
Related
Coming soon


{# This partial is included when the showShipping property is set to false. #} {# Use it to display a "shipping will be calculated later" message in the cart. #} {#


Calculate Compost
Calculate for
Rectangular Area
Circular Area
Length
Width
Diameter
Depth
You will need
Cubic Yards


This is the clicking challenge
In the Lead: Player
P1
P2
Options
Play with
Keyboard(Q&P)
Mouse
Change Background Color
Red
Blue
Yellow


SChartMidnightTheme Class Reference
| Inherits from | SChartTheme : NSObject |
| Declared in | SChartMidnightTheme.h |
| Availability | Standard Premium |
| Related samples |
Overview
The SChartMidnightTheme is based around a black background with lighter features.
Warning: The SChartMidnightTheme
will be removed in a future release.
Tasks
Colors for this theme
-
midnight_greyColor
Gray palette color.
property -
midnight_greyColorLowAlpha
Gray palette color with reduced alpha.
property -
midnight_greyColorLabel
Gray palette color for text labels.
property -
midnight_blueColorDark
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme blueColorDark] instead.
property -
midnight_blueColorLight
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme blueColorLight] instead.
property -
midnight_greenColorDark
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme greenColorDark] instead.
property -
midnight_greenColorLight
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme greenColorLight] instead.
property -
midnight_purpleColorDark
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme purpleColorDark] instead.
property -
midnight_purpleColorLight
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme purpleColorLight] instead.
property -
midnight_orangeColorDark
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme orangeColorDark] instead.
property -
midnight_orangeColorLight
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme orangeColorLight] instead.
property -
midnight_yellowColorDark
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme yellowColorDark] instead.
property -
midnight_yellowColorLight
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme yellowColorLight] instead.
property -
midnight_brownColorDark
Brown palette color.
property -
midnight_brownColorLight
Brown palette color with increased brightness.
property -
midnight_textShadowColor
Shadow palette color for labels.
property
Properties
midnight_blueColorDark
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme blueColorDark] instead.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_blueColorDark
Discussion
Blue palette color
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_blueColorLight
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme blueColorLight] instead.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_blueColorLight
Discussion
Blue palette color with increased brightness
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_brownColorDark
Brown palette color.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_brownColorDark
Discussion
This is used for:
- The area fill underneath the sixth line series on the chart.
- The sixth bar/column series on the chart.
- The sixth scatter series on the chart.
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_brownColorLight
Brown palette color with increased brightness.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_brownColorLight
Discussion
This is used for:
- The sixth line series on the chart.
- The sixth bar/column series on the chart.
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_greenColorDark
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme greenColorDark] instead.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_greenColorDark
Discussion
Green palette color
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_greenColorLight
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme greenColorLight] instead.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_greenColorLight
Discussion
Green palette color with increased brightness
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_greyColor
Gray palette color.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_greyColor
Discussion
This is used for:
- The axis lines and tick marks on the chart axes.
- Crosshair lines.
- Tracking lines on box gestures.
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_greyColorLabel
Gray palette color for text labels.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_greyColorLabel
Discussion
This is used for:
- The chart title.
- The axis titles.
- Labels on the chart axes.
- The text in the chart legend.
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_greyColorLowAlpha
Gray palette color with reduced alpha.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_greyColorLowAlpha
Discussion
This is used for major grid lines on the chart.
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_orangeColorDark
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme orangeColorDark] instead.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_orangeColorDark
Discussion
Orange palette color
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_orangeColorLight
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme orangeColorLight] instead.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_orangeColorLight
Discussion
Orange palette color with increased brightness
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_purpleColorDark
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme purpleColorDark] instead.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_purpleColorDark
Discussion
Purple palette color
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_purpleColorLight
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme purpleColorLight] instead.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_purpleColorLight
Discussion
Purple palette color with increased brightness
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_textShadowColor
Shadow palette color for labels.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_textShadowColor
Discussion
This is used for:
- Shadow on text in axis labels.
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_yellowColorDark
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme yellowColorDark] instead.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_yellowColorDark
Discussion
Yellow palette color
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h
midnight_yellowColorLight
DEPRECATED - use [SChartTheme yellowColorLight] instead.
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) UIColor *midnight_yellowColorLight
Discussion
Yellow palette color with increased brightness
Declared In
SChartMidnightTheme.h


SWD Read/Write Data & Debug
Begin
Debug Halt
Run
Stop
Reset
test
File Upload
Select file...
File List and Erase
File list:
List file
refresh
Flash Program


module REXML
- :element, parent, name, attributes, children*
-
a = Node.new a << “B” # => B a.b # => B a.b # => B a.b[“x”] = “y” # => B a.b.c # => B<c/> a.b.c << “D” # => B<c>D</c>
REXML
is an XML toolkit for Ruby, in Ruby.
REXML
is a pure Ruby, XML 1.0 conforming, non-validating toolkit with an intuitive API. REXML
passes 100% of the non-validating Oasis tests, and provides tree, stream, SAX2, pull, and lightweight APIs. REXML
also includes a full XPath 1.0 implementation. Since Ruby 1.8, REXML
is included in the standard Ruby distribution.
- Main page
- Author
-
Sean Russell <serATgermaneHYPHENsoftwareDOTcom>
- Date
-
2008/019
Version
-
<IP_ADDRESS>
This API documentation can be downloaded from the REXML
home page, or can be accessed online
A tutorial is available in the REXML
distribution in docs/tutorial.html, or can be accessed online
Constants
- COPYRIGHT
- Copyright
- DATE
- REVISION
- VERSION
- Version


Welcome to BurgerHeaven Online
Select Burger
This is where you execute burger selection
The Fire Burger
- 750 kCal
- Contains lactose
- Contains gluten
Fried Turkey Burger
- 600 kCal
- Contains lactose
A Double w/ Cheese
- 1800 kCal
- Contains lactose
- Contains gluten
Customer Information
This is where you provide necessary information.


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pyidwm package¶
Subpackages¶
Submodules¶
pyidwm.Api module¶
-
class
pyidwm.Api.
Api
[source]¶ Bases:
object
Class facade to access in friendly way to the IDWM functionalities
-
geoalc
(lon_value, lat_value, max_dist_value, azimuth, iwc=0, max_cros=100, arc_approximation=20)[source]¶ calculate the path (geographical map) from a given point on a given azimuth through each country or water within a specified distance. :param lon_value: longitude value of the starting point :param lat_value: latitude value of the starting point :param max_dist_value: maximum distance :param azimuth: azimuth (in degrees clockwise from North) (0-359) :param iwc: determines how the routine shall return results: if IWC=1 : The user is only interested of the land/sea path and doesn’t need to know if the land path is over different countries. In the CTYVEK array a land path will be indicated with the code ‘+++’. if IWC=0 : Full information of the path (countries/sea). :param max_cros: MAXCROS influences the dimension of the work space for this subroutine. It should be greater than the expected number of crossings which will depend on the value of IRANGE and the complexity of the map. Experience shows that this value may be up to 110 :param arc_approximation: number of vertices to approximate the arc with a linestring geometry (default 20) :return:
-
pyidwm.Config module¶
-
class
pyidwm.Config.
Config
[source]¶ Bases:
object
This class manage the base configuration for the IDWM library and it implements the singleton pattern
-
static
FROM_FILE
(path)[source]¶ Read a JSON configuration file, with the following structure: { “geopackage”: <full path to the geopackage>, “angle_mode”: “degrees” or “radians”, “distance_mode”: “meters” or “kilometers”, “layers”: { “country”: { “table”: <table name containing the polygons of the countries>, “field_name”: <field name containing the country code> } } } :param path: path of the json file :return:
-
property
angle_mode
¶ Return the angle mode for the library :return:
-
property
distance_mode
¶ Return the distance mode for the library :return:
-
property
geopackage
¶ Return the path to the IDWM geopackage :return:
-
property
layers
¶ Return a dictionary with information of the used layers from the geopackage :return:
-
static
pyidwm.Singleton module¶
pyidwm.Units module¶
-
class
pyidwm.Units.
Angle
(value)[source]¶ Bases:
enum.Enum
Enum for angle units
-
static
CONVERT
(angle, from_unit=0, to_unit=1)[source]¶ Convert the value of given angle in a specific unit to another unit :param angle: value of the angle :param from_unit: original unit :param to_unit: destination unit :return:
-
DEGREES
= 1¶ Angle in degrees
-
static
FROM_STRING
(value)[source]¶ Return a value in the enum from a given string :param value: string representing the angle unit :return:
-
RADIANS
= 0¶ Angle in radians
-
static
-
class
pyidwm.Units.
Distance
(value)[source]¶ Bases:
enum.Enum
Enum for distance units
-
static
CONVERT
(distance, from_unit=1, to_unit=0)[source]¶ Convert the value of given distance in a specific unit to another unit :param distance: value of the distance :param from_unit: original unit :param to_unit: destination unit :return:
-
static
FROM_STRING
(value)[source]¶ Return a value in the enum from a given string :param value: string representing the distance unit :return:
-
KILOMETERS
= 1¶ Distance in kilometers
-
METERS
= 0¶ Distance in meters
-
static
-
class
pyidwm.Units.
SpatialOperator
(value)[source]¶ Bases:
enum.Enum
Enumerator for supported spatial operators
-
static
FROM_STRING
(value)[source]¶ Return a value in the enum from a given string :param value: string representing the spatial operator :return:
-
INTERSECTS
= 0¶ intersection operator
-
WITHIN
= 1¶ within operator
-
static
pyidwm.Value module¶
-
class
pyidwm.Value.
AngleValue
(value, unit=None)[source]¶ Bases:
pyidwm.Value.Value
Class representing a value with unit for an angle
-
class
pyidwm.Value.
CoordinateValue
(value, unit=None)[source]¶ Bases:
pyidwm.Value.Value
Class representing a value with unit for a coordinate
-
class
pyidwm.Value.
DistanceValue
(value, unit=None)[source]¶ Bases:
pyidwm.Value.Value
Class representing a value with unit for a distance


ComplexCon 2019: The Top Brand Activations
by Lauren AlvarezHip-hop’s finest figures, brands, artists and food vendors took over Long Beach, California for the 4th annual ComplexCon at the Long Beach Convention Center on Saturday (November 2) and Sunday (November 3). From “Brands to Watch” to thought-provoking panel conversations, the convention featured an array of special appearances and energetic performances from Kid Cudi, Lil Kim, Anderson .Paak, 21 Savage and DaBaby.
Panels ranged from Disruption: How Gen Z Is Taking Control with Yara Shahidi and Storm Reid to All Hail the Queens: The Women Changing the Face of Rap with Rico Nasty, Kamaiyah, Eve and Trina. Other intriguing conversations included the following: From YouTube to Major Moves with Complex’s own Hot Ones host Sean Evans, The Rise of Afropop and What Comes After Streetwear?
The First We Feast Lagoon kept attendees’ tastebuds satisfied in-between activities with their outside area of endless foodie options: Tacos 1986, Harold’s Chicken, Sweet Chick, Ricebox and Fat Sal’s Deli. The drinks were endlessly running, and the food lines were around the corner.
Aside from the back-to-back activities that were running the show all weekend, the one portion of the event that remained constant was the convention floor featuring brand activations. Here were the top brand activations at ComplexCon Long Beach 2019.
1. Blockbuster Booth
The crowd-favorite station featured classic VHS tapes on stands to emulate the original video rental shop, along with a life-size video tape with the Blockbuster logo/cover. The staged video tapes on the stands featured favorites such as Legally Blonde, Sopranos, Grease, Drive Me Crazy and Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. Similar to the original store, which sold popcorn and snacks, the booth sold packaged movie candy, including Sour Patch Kids and Twizzlers. The booth even contained a merch line for sale, ranging from bright yellow T-shirts to royal blue sweatshirts.
2. Billionaire Boys Club
Pharrell Williams’ streetwear brand, Billionaire Boys Club, featured an epic collaboration with Spongebob Squarepants. Inspired by the episode Goons on the Moon, the line featured T-shirts, storage crates, skate decks and pins with Spongebob graphics. The most coveted item at the booth included the Human Made T-shirt collaboration with a graphic of Pharrell’s very own jewelry.
Honorable Mention:
Takashi Murakami x Swarvoski debuted a one-of-a-kind skate deck and two sweatshirts. The exclusive skate deck sold out within four minutes of opening the official Gift Shop, and with good reason, seeing that the collection featured more than 800,000 crystals. The Swarovski pop-up booth also offered beanie and bandana customizations.


A demo of the Fullscreen API, currently implemented in Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, Opera, and IE 11+. Click this button to make the web site go full screen:
Fullscreen state: I'm not fullscreen
The background should also turn red when in fullscreen.
Fullscren for elements
You can also make just a certain element fullscreen. For instance, a video:
Video taken from archive.org.


Catalan politicians extradition hearing postponed
by EUobserverThe hearing over the arrest warrant issued by Spain for the extradition of two Catalan ex-ministers, Toni Comín and Lluis Puig, was postponed until 16 December by a Brussels court on Friday, conjoining their case with the one of ex-president of the Catalan government, Carles Puigdemont. However, the decision of the Court of Justice of the EU on Puigdemont and Puig's immunity as an elected MEP could change the date.


@* * Copyright 2021 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import uk.gov.hmrc.merchandiseinbaggage.config.AppConfig @import uk.gov.hmrc.merchandiseinbaggage.controllers.testonly @import uk.gov.hmrc.merchandiseinbaggage.config.AppConfig @this(layout: Layout, val button: components.button, formWithCSRF: FormWithCSRF) @(form: Form[String])(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages, appConfig: AppConfig) @layout(pageTitle = Some(title(form, "Create a test declaration journey")), maybeBackButtonUrl = None, maybeDeclarationType = None) {


Classy Property
Classify Your Property!
January 25, 2015
The Code
class Property attr_reader :future_expectation, :address #def future_expectation # @future_expectation #end attr_writer :tax #def tax=(t) # @tax = t #end attr_accessor :price #def price=(p) # @price = p #end #def price # @price #end def initialize(tax, address) @tax = tax @address = address @future_expectation = PropertyRating.calculate_future(tax, address) @price = PropertyCalculator(@tax, @future_expectation) end def add_room(dimension, material) # Add room to property # Update new tax caused by this # Update price because of this end end
Well hope you read through my class. Feel scared about what you see? Well don't worry, let me tell you all about it. I wrote this because I have an interest in writing a project about a social media website based on rental units. This is one class that will be in there that talks about the property that a landlord owns.
Instance Variable
Let's talk about the instance variable. You will notice I use something interesting called attr_reader, attr_writer, and attr_accessor. The nice thing about these, is that they help shorten your code from writing redundant getter and setter methods for your instance variable. When you look under each of them, you will see the methods they replace. attr_reader replaces the getter method, attr_writer replaces the setter method, and the attr_accessor replaces the getter and setter methods for an instance variable.
So you may ask, wait there are 3 different reasons to access these instance variables? Why yes, and I hope I used the right example to explain these reasons. The reason you want to use attr_reader when you only have read-only access to the instance variable is when you do not want the user to edit the instance variable. Like in my example I have the address. Well how I see it, a house will not move (let's forget about mobile homes please), and it would be quite silly to let the user change the address of the property once set in the first place. Then you see a instance variable called future_expectation, which shows if in the future the house has a good and bad value in the future. This is a variable where the user has no control on what this can be. There are some outside factors that help determine this, and all the user can do is see this variable.
The second way you can access a variable is with attr_writer, where the user has write-only access to the instance variable. Once set, you are not allowed to read it. May sound funny, but there are reasons you want to do this. My example is the tax instance variable. I allow the user to type in how much tax is for the property, and it helps evaluates to future_expectation. But I do not allow people to read it? Well my reasoning is, if you want to sell the property, hide the fact about how much tax cost. Yeah I'm shifty like that. And well, I could not think of a good example...what? don't judge me.
The third way is the attr_accessor, where the user get full control of the instance variable. This is what people think every variable should be, but sometimes it is nice to have the security of attr_reader and attr_writer. Don't you think so? I hope I don't have to explain fully of what attr_accessor too. In my code, i used the price instance variable as an example. You want to be able to update the price of the property, as well as see it.
Methods
Okay how about the methods? The stuff that does action for my code. I got the initialize method. It takes in 2 arguments, which is the tax amount of the property and the address. You call this by making a new instance of the Property class. So as example, I can do this: Property.new(1000, "123 Fake St, Fake City, TX 12345") So this makes a property that has a property tax of $1,000 and is at a Fake Street. The tax amount and the address seems to also somehow help calculate the future_expectation. Not sure how, but that is the wonder of the black box that happens there. Then an estimated price is created by the future_expectation and the tax amount. And remember that you are able to update the price, if you do not like this estimated price.
Then I have one more method called add_room. In this method, you pass in the dimension of the room, and the material it is made of. You want to use this if you need to add a room to the property. It is not finished yet, but it will be implemented. Based on the comments, it adds the room to the house, then update the tax value, and finally update the price of the property.


I decided to approach the task of Business card in a more formal fashion than some of my previous graphic design experiments. I started my explorations by studying the techniques and design strategies of dutch design agency, Metahaven.
Of particular interest to me was their series of posters for the Holland festival.
I was captivated by the use of overlapping image outlines, which are filled in to create unusual and messy forms.
Feeling self-conscious about the idea handing someone a business card, I thought it would be funny to highlight the absurdity of this gesture by etching my name in an image of a burning planet earth.
I feel these are the most successful designs so far in my Graphic Design journey, and they are a testiment to a process that focuses more on studying the masters and learning from existing design patterns. This makes sense given how new I am to this form of communication.


Hiring at new locations! Please read the requirements and fill out a form to apply! Click here to take a look at the new locations.
Read MoreFor every $30 spent, earn $15 Hot Cash on purchases of $30+ With new apparel and many sales, this may be your lucky weekend!...
Read More


Blogging With Github Pages and Poole's Hyde Theme
05 May 2014Note: As of 6/2/2014, this post is still a work in progress
My new blog is built with Github Pages and Jekyll using Poole's Hyde template and the Disqus discussion system.
This article is the first post, and in it I describe how I went from zero to a nice developer web site.
Notes
jeckyll serve -w # serve the blog locally # http://localhost:4000


This is nowhere near ready for anything. The example below is the thing I'm using for testing and development.
An Example


At the top, it sat and had a rest. The wombat went huff and puff up the hill. At the top, it sat and had a rest. The man went huff and puff up the hill. At the top, it sat and had a rest. But Sam ran up the big hill. The wombat, the numbat and the man got up, "Clap, clap, clap."
in-context


League
Home
Standings
Schedule
Results
Top Scorers
Profile Club
Profile Players
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Shop
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Goals
1
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Vladimier
18
3
Jonathan Mensah
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14
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Vincent Jonathan
13
5
John Doe Edy
10
6
Diego Fabiano
9
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Stevano Joe
5
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John Doe Diego
4
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Diego John Doe
4


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This page teaches you how to make a git repository, add files, and make commits.
First, you need to check if git is installed. Type git —version to find out the local version. Otherwise you will need to install git.
Create the folder that will hold your project and enter it. Now you need to initialize your repository. Type git init in the command line. This will place a new git repo in the current directory.
Next, I will show you how files are added to the repo. Git allows you to decide which files in the folder get tracked and which are ignored. Create a new empty text file called mammals.txt. We will now check the status of files in the repo by typing git status. It is good practice to check the status before adding files.
You can see that the new file is untracked. That means we should add it to be tracked by typing git add <filename>. Check the status again by typing git status.
Now that we have added the file we can make a commit. A commit is a snapshot of all tracked files in the repo. Users are then allowed to see the state of tracked files over time.
You’ve made your first commit. Now let’s practice and make another one. This time create two more files called two.txt and three.txt. Type git add . to add all untracked files. This time we will commit the files by typing git commit -m “commit message” which avoids the use of the external text editor.
You can remove files by deleting them and making another commit. Let’s delete two.txt and three.txt.
To look at the commits we’ve made so far type git log.
Now you know how to initialize a repo and make commits. The next step is branching.


{* Copyright 2011-2013 Here's A Hand Limited Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. *} {extends file="whitelabeladmin/page.htm"} {block name="content"}
| Title | {$supportGroup->getTitle()|escape} | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Description | {$supportGroup->getDescription()|escape} | ||
| Created | {$supportGroup->getCreatedAt()|date_format} | ||
| Deleted | {$supportGroup->getDeletedAt()|date_format} | {else}Delete | {/if} |
| Premium | {if $supportGroup->isPremium()} Yes {else} No {/if} | ||
| Stats Dates | {$supportGroupStats->getStart()|date_format} to {$supportGroupStats->getEnd()|date_format} | ||
| Requests Created | {$supportGroupStats->getNumberRequestsCreated()} | ||
| Requests Closed | {$supportGroupStats->getNumberRequestsClosed()} | ||
| Requests Cancelled | {$supportGroupStats->getNumberRequestsCancelled()} |
| ID | User | Created Account? | Request? | Admin? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {$member->getId()|escape} | {$member->getDisplayName()|escape} | {if $member->isAccountCreated()}Yes{else}No{/if} | {if $member->canMakeRequests()} Yes {if !$member->isAdmin()} {/if} {else} No {/if} | {if $member->isAdmin()} Yes {else} No {/if} |
Add Email Address
{/block}


{{#markdown}}
This part of the tutorial will cover the usage of third-party libraries with angular-meteor.
Parts of this tutorial are also relevant for users who uses only Meteor, without angular-meteor, because the solution for third-party libraries comes from Meteor packaging manager - **Atmosphere**.
In this part of the tutorial we will show multiple solution for the same problem - using third-party libraries with Meteor and angular-meteor.
Every AngularJS developer knows and uses third-party libraries (like angular-ui-bootstrap, ui-router, etc..), but because we do not have the ability to easily include the ".js" file on our "head" tag - we need another solutions.
In order to add third-party libraries to your Meteor project - you can use the `meteor add PACKAGE_NAME` command to add the package.
Also, for **most** of the AngularJS third-party libraries - there's already a Meteor package (which is an equivalent to bower or NPM).
You can search for those packages using the [Atmosphere](https://atmospherejs.com/) website.
For example, in order to use **[angular-ui-router](https://atmospherejs.com/angularui/angular-ui-router)** in your project, easily run this command:
```
meteor add angularui:angular-ui-router
```
And then just use the angular-ui-router on your angular-meteor project, by adding it to the AngularJS module initialization:
```
angular.module('myModule', [
'angular-meteor',
'ui.router'
]);
```
**But this is an easy one** - because angular-ui-router is one of the most common library for AngularJS.
In some cases, we want to use some packages that does not have an Atmosphere package exists - you can use the following instructions to solve your problem.
**But First**, we need to understand how Meteor and it's package manager - Atmosphere, works: Any package registered on Atmosphere has some meta-data and the real JS and CSS files that written on a file named "**package.js**".
The meta-data contain there parameters:
* Package name
* Package version (based on the [semver](http://semver.org/) standard)
* Package summary
* Package GIT repository
* Package documentation file (usually the README.md file)
Also, each package declares these:
* Package dependencies (on other 3rdParty libraries).
* Meteor minimal version.
* Files in use (usually the CSS and the JS files of the library).
* JavaScript exports (In case that there are any).
If you would like to know some more about Meteor packaging system and versioning, you can read [this](https://meteorhacks.com/meteor-packaging-system-understanding-versioning) article by MeteorHacks.
This is an example for angular-ui-router's package.js file:
```
// package metadata file for Meteor.js
var packageName = 'angularui:angular-ui-router'; // https://atmospherejs.com/angularui/angular-ui-router
var where = 'client'; // where to install: 'client' or 'server'. For both, pass nothing.
var version = '0.2.14';
// Meta-data
Package.describe({
name: packageName,
version: version,
summary: 'angular-ui-router (official): Flexible routing with nested views in AngularJS',
git: 'git@github.com:angular-ui/ui-router.git',
documentation: null
});
Package.onUse(function(api) {
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>'METEOR@1.0']); // Meteor versions
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>where); // Dependencies
api.addFiles('release/angular-ui-router.js', where); // Files in use
});
```
# Solution #1
This solution is the most helpful solution of all - because in the end of this solution, you achieve these results:
* The package will be listed on the Atmosphere package manager and you'll be able to use it with "meteor add" command.
* You will create a pull request to the package author in order to provide Meteor support for the package.
**If you are not interested on this solution and just want to do some "monkey patch" in order to your an unlisted package - just the Solution #2.**
In order to learn in this example, we will use [angularjs-dropdown-multiselect](https://github.com/dotansimha/angularjs-dropdown-multiselect) as an example for a package.
First, we want to fork the repository and clone it to our computer by using `git clone FORKED_REPOSITORY_LINK`.
Then, create the "`package.js`" file on the root directory of the project, and use this basic template:
```
// package metadata file for Meteor.js
var packageName = 'PACKAGE_NAME';
var where = 'client'; // where to install: 'client' or 'server'. For both, pass nothing.
var version = 'PACKAGE_VERSION';
var summary = 'PACKAGE_SUMMARY';
var gitLink = 'GIT_LINK';
var documentationFile = 'README.md';
// Meta-data
Package.describe({
name: packageName,
version: version,
summary: summary,
git: gitLink,
documentation: documentationFile
});
Package.onUse(function(api) {
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>'METEOR@1.0']); // Meteor versions
api.use('DEPENDENCY_NAME', where); // Dependencies
api.addFiles('FILE_NAME', where); // Files in use
});
```
Now, just fill the information inside the file, according to the package information, the `bower.json` could be helpful to fill missing information you can't find.
So in our case, the final `package.js` file will look like that:
```
// package metadata file for Meteor.js
var packageName = 'dotansimha:angularjs-dropdown-multiselect';
var where = 'client'; // where to install: 'client' or 'server'. For both, pass nothing.
var version = '1.5.2';
var summary = 'AngularJS Dropdown Multiselect directive';
var gitLink = 'https://github.com/dotansimha/angularjs-dropdown-multiselect';
var documentationFile = 'README.md';
// Meta-data
Package.describe({
name: packageName,
version: version,
summary: summary,
git: gitLink,
documentation: documentationFile
});
Package.onUse(function(api) {
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>'METEOR@1.0']); // Meteor versions
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>where); // Dependencies
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>where); // Surprised?! Read the bower.json file!
api.addFiles('src/angularjs-dropdown-multiselect.js', where); // Files in use
});
```
**Important Notes:**
* The prefix for the package name should be the package author username - you can use YOUR username or create an Meteor organization and use that name you created.
* The dependencies are build in this form: AUTHOR\_NAME:PACKAGE\_NAME@VERSION, you can also FORCE a specific version by adding "=" before the version number.
* In this case, a dependency on *Lodash* is needed, so we will search the Atmposhere website for Lodash package and we will find the full package name.
* It's okay to use the source file and not the minified version of the package - because on production - Meteor minifies everything for you!
So now, after we created the `package.js` file, we just need to run the Meteor's publish command on the folder with the package file:
```
meteor publish
```
And if the package does not exists, we need to add `--create` flag:
```
meteor publish --create
```
So now - the package will be registered on Atmosphere package manager and you'll be able to use it.
The last part of this solution is to commit the `package.js` file into your forked repository, and then create a Pull Request in order to help the package's author to maintain the Meteor package on a regular basis.
**If you want to provide even some more helpful solution** - you can use [these instructions](https://github.com/MeteorPackaging/grunt-gulp-meteor) to create a Gulp/Grunt task that automatically published a new version of the package every time the developer publishes a new release.
# Solution #2
This is a more simple solution - this solution will be useful in case you want just to create an Atmosphere package without helping the developer to integrate Meteor in his versions publishing process.
You can just use `bower`, install the package locally on your computer, then create a `package.js` file and run `meteor publish`.
But you can even be more lazy! there is a tool named [angular-meteor-publisher](https://github.com/dotansimha/meteor-package-publisher) that provides a full solution for transferring a package from `bower` (will support NPM on the future) into `Atmosphere` just by providing the meta-data.
You just need to provide the basic information of the source package (the `bower` meta-data, usually it's `bower install<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and the destination meta-data (the information that Atmosphere requires), add the JS and CSS files and the package dependencies and just run it by using:
```
node meteor-package-publisher myJSONfile.json
```
For example, this is how the ngInfiniteScroll package will be published using this tool (the JSON meta-data file):
```
{
"source": {
"type": "bower",
"name": "ngInfiniteScroll",
"version": "1.2.1"
},
"destination": {
"atmospherePackageName": "ng-infinite-scroll",
"atmosphereOrganizationName": "srozegh",
"summary": "Infinite Scrolling for AngularJS",
"git": "https://github.com/sroze/ngInfiniteScroll",
"documentation": null,
"versionsFrom"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"filesToAdd": [
{"name": "build/ng-infinite-scroll.js", "platforms": ["client"]}
],
"use": [
{"name"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"platforms": ["client"]},
{"name"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"platforms": ["client"]}
]
}
}
```
# Summary
As you can see, using existing packages in your angular-meteor application is simple, and when we encounter a third-party library without Meteor package support we can help by creating the "package.js" file and created a pull request (Solution #1).
Also, you can use a automatic publisher that helps us to publish packages real quick (Solution #2).
**We prefer that the first solution will be your choice in order to enrich the Meteor and angular-meteor community and help other developers to use third-party packages.**
{{/markdown}}


{% extends "bootstrap_layout.html" %} {% set active_page = "photography" %} {% block content %}
Book a 1-hour photoshoot with Natalia


t
Posted on February 19, 2017
The Sixth Blog Post!
What did you do this past week?
This week I spent doing some review for the class, as the test is coming up on only a few days. I admit I've done less reviewing than I should, but thankfully Professor Downing posts all of the code (rather than slides) up on the website with the schedule. I don't have any real idea what will be on the test, not because the content of the class is unclear, but because we haven't discussed the format of the test at all so far. Will it be multiple choice? Short answer? Coding questions? Who knows? I must prepare for it all.
What will you do next week?
MORE PREPARATION. I plan to review all of the coding, and review the canvas questions (If they're available anywhere?), and reread all of the articels if I have time. The textbook readings are of questionable worthiness, if the pattern of questions is similar to the quizzes. There seems to be only one question out of the question per week, which pales in comparison to the questions from the articles and the class content itself. I don't know if there will be any content from the labs on test, but I feel like I have a pretty good understanding of their contents regardless.
What's in the way?
My other classes are now in full swing. Though they're not incredibly intense, they'll reduce the amount of time I'm able to spend studying. I'm not particularly worried, however, as I only have 2 other real classes.
What's my experience in the class?
The lab this week surprised me. I was expecting to have to spend very little time enumerating this rather simple algorithm, but between the odd input, case-heavy code, and occasianal unieldyness of C++ I was caught by surprise.
What's the tip of the week?
Something I've been trying is treating the labs like they're due a day early. So far this has meant that I spend a bit of time on the day the lab is due fixing up some last minute things-Handling the Doxygen documentation, making sure the remote repository is pushed to correctly, all the little things that are easy to lose track of during the push to complete the actual lab. Documentation points are easy points. It hurts when you forget them.


Merges data_frame obtained from Eurostat with get_eurostat
with geospatial data preprocessed either using ggplot2::fortify
into a data_frame
or a regular SpatialPolygonDataFrame
. The resulting data_frame
can be plotted using ggplot2
and SpatialPolygonDataFrame
using sp::spplot
.
merge_eurostat_geodata(data, geocolumn = "geo", resolution = "60", all_regions = FALSE, cache = TRUE, update_cache = FALSE, cache_dir = NULL)
| data | A data_frame including a character vector that consists of values following current NUTS classification |
|---|---|
| geocolumn | A string. Name of the column with NUTS information
( |
| resolution | Resolution of the geospatial data. One of "60" (1:60million), "20" (1:20million), "10" (1:10million), "01" (1:1million), |
| all_regions | Logical. To include all the regions from spatial data or only the ones included in the fetched Eurostat attribute data |
| cache | cache. Logical. |
| update_cache | Update cache. Logical. |
| cache_dir | Cache directory. |
a data_frame or SpatialPolygonDataFrame.
# NOT RUN { lp <- get_eurostat("nama_aux_lp") lpl <- merge_eurostat_geodata(lp, geocolumn="geo", resolution=60, all_regions=FALSE) str(lpl) # }


THE DESK SET
Spring 1968 in the LLT Armory Building Playhouse
Director - Lowell Tew
Assistant Director - Hilma Seefeld
THE CAST
Sadie - Nancy Walters
Peg - Patti McLaughlin
Ruthie - Brenda Quave
Richard - Jim Gibbon
Bunny - Dorothy Traweek
Abe Cutler - Joseph Gatlin
Shirt Sleeved Man - John Bisnette
Blue Suit Lady - Dale Corley
Kenny - Bobby Tomlinson
Mr. Bennett - Clayton Corley
Elsa - June Hearn
Elsa's Friend - Ray Motley
Miss Rumple - Linda Montgomery
Miss Jainer - Shirley Walker
Mr. Manel - Joe Hoss
Miss Warriner - Page Harris
Reporter - Chet Dillard
Photographer - Charles Windham


{{ mission.name}}
Joindate_range{{ mission.startDate}} - {{ mission.endDate}}
personOrganizer: {{(mission.organizer | fireJoin:'/users/' | async)?.name }}
Description
{{ mission.description}}
No details have been added for {{mission.name}}.
Participants
{{(developer | fireJoin:'/users/' | async)?.name}}
There are currently no participants added to {{mission.name}}.


Get novel chapter/volume date release, replace :novel by novel name
Ex: http://www.novelupdates.com/group/baka-tsuki
become /rss/novelupdates/group/baka-tsuki
Get novel chapter/volume date release, replace :novel by novel name
Ex: http://www.novelupdates.com/series/rakudai-kishi-no-eiyuutan/
become /rss/novelupdates/novel/rakudai-kishi-no-eiyuutan


Born in the year 1960, the Beatles were an English rock band based in Liverpool, England. The group, whose best-known line-up comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, are regarded as the most influential band of all time. They were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band later explored music styles ranging from ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements. Led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over three years from 1960, initially with Stuart Sutcliffe playing bass. The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison, together since 1958, went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962. Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding their domestic success after their first hit, "Love Me Do", in late 1962. As their popularity grew into the intense fan frenzy dubbed "Beatlemania", the band acquired the nickname "the Fab Four", with Epstein, Martin and other members of the band's entourage sometimes given the informal title of "fifth Beatle".
By early 1964, the Beatles were international stars, leading the "British Invasion" of the United States pop market and breaking numerous sales records. They soon made their film debut with A Hard Day's Night (1964). From 1965 onwards, they produced records of greater complexity, including the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), and enjoyed further commercial success with The Beatles (also known as "the White Album", 1968) and Abbey Road (1969). Heralding the album era, their success elevated the album to be the dominant form of record consumption over singles; other shifts credited to the Beatles include Britain's cultural resurgence, a greater public interest in psychedelic drugs and Eastern spirituality, and advancements in electronic music, album art and music videos. In 1968, they founded Apple Corps, a multi-armed multimedia corporation that continues to oversee projects related to the band's legacy. After the group's break-up in 1970, all four members enjoyed success as solo artists. Lennon was shot and killed in 1980, and Harrison died of lung cancer in 2001. McCartney and Starr remain musically active.
Some of their most popular studio albums include:
Other Compilation albums are:
As of 12:01 AM on December 24, The Beatles’ music was finally available for streaming on multiple outlets including Apple Music, Spotify, Google Play, and even Napster (lol). This means that no one born after Christmas Eve 2015 will ever live in a world where The Beatles’ music wasn’t available for all to hear. Most listeners are thrilled, other than the few select fans who are frustrated because their CD/album anthologies are now slightly less relevant. Regardless, here are 50 of the greatest Beatles lyrics to celebrate the fact that they’re now streaming online. -- Maya Kachroo-Levine


Name: {{apiary.name}}
Location: {{apiary.location}}
Created On: {{apiary.date | date:'dd/MM/yyyy'}}
Hives: {{hives.length}}


{% include "_lcars_filler.html" with color="orange-peel" top_left_inner_elbow=True only %}
{% include "_lcars_filler.html" with color="orange-peel" top_left_outer_elbow=True only %}
{% include "_lcars_filler.html" with color="lavender-purple" label="ALL I DO IS BITS" only %}
{% include "_lcars_filler.html" with color="melrose" label="MAIN COMPUTER CORE" only %}
{% include "_lcars_filler.html" with color="orange-peel" bottom_left_outer_elbow=True label="DICK JOKES" only %}
GAME OF BUTTHOLES •
THE WILL OF THE CARETAKER
{{ board }}
Game of Buttholes: The Will of the Caretaker is a board game played by the hosts of
The Greatest Generation, a Star Trek podcast by two guys who are
a bit embarrassed to have a Star Trek podcast.
{% include "_lcars_filler.html" with color="orange-peel" bottom_left_inner_elbow=True only %}
{% include "_lcars_filler.html" with color="orange-peel" top_left_inner_elbow=True only %}
{% include "_lcars_filler.html" with color="orange-peel" top_left_outer_elbow=True only %}
{% include "_lcars_filler.html" with color="melrose" label="BAD BIT MOMENTS" only %}
{% include "_lcars_filler.html" with color="lavender-purple" label="MORNHAMMER" only %}
{% include "_lcars_filler.html" with color="dodger-blue" bottom_left_outer_elbow=True label="FUCK BOKAI" only %}
{% include "will_of_the_prophets/board/_legend.html" %}
{% include "_lcars_filler.html" with color="dodger-blue" bottom_left_inner_elbow=True only %}
{% include "will_of_the_prophets/_footer.html" %}
{% endblock %}


Aston Martin DB7 / Vantage
(Above) The DB7 Vantage Volante(aka the convertible version of the DB7 Vantage)
Specs(DB7 / DB7 Vantage)
Price |
$130,000 / $140,000 |
Top Speed |
172mph? / 184mph |
Acceleration |
|
Engine |
|
0-30mph |
2.1sec / N/A |
Type |
Supercharged I-6, 24valve DOHC / V12, 48valve DOHC |
0-60mph |
5.7sec / 4.9sec |
Displacement |
3.2L(3239cc) / 6.0L(5935cc) |
0-100 |
14.9sec / N/A |
Power |
335hp@5750rpm / 420hp@6000 |
1/4 mile |
14.3sec/98.1mph / N/A |
Torque |
361 lbs-ft@3000rpm / 400 lbs-ft@5000 |
Weight |
3,021 lbs / 3925 |
Handling |
|
Gas mileage |
(below) / 11.8mpg |
Skidpad |
.87g / N/A |
City |
14mpg / N/A |
600ft slalom |
66.7mph / N/A |
Highway |
21mpg / N/A |
Powertrain |
Front engined, rear wheel drive, 5 speed manual / 6 speed manual |
(? = incomplete data or unverified info, N/A = info Not Available)
Beyond the specs:
The DB7 from 1999 has been replaced for the year 2000 by the Vantage version, in place of the smooth supercharge inline 6 is an all new smoother stronger naturally aspirated V12. For this change and a few visual changes (better looking wheels and minor aerodynamic changes) you only have to pay $10,000 more putting it just above the price of the cheapest Ferrari which it still cannot outperform. However it is not a pure "made for racing only" super car, it is a very high class grand tourer with wood, leather, and the ride of a luxury car paired with the performance of a sports cars. The already awesome DB7 is now replaced with a significantly faster and slightly more luxurious DB7 Vantage all for just $10,000 more! Nearly twice the displacement and exactly twice the cylinder count plus the minor visual changes and all Aston Martin charges is $10,000 for it! The fine steering and stability of this car remains untouched by the Vantage upgrade and this car has become a much better deal for the money.
~Oracle


This section addresses:
:USDA #1:
¶User-friendly design for rapid deposition, manipulation, and retrieval of data with capability of specific queries.
Ontomatica’s Navigator architecture is similar to other modern navigation systems. The Volkswagen “Find a Match” application is one example.
The Volkswagen application navigates this ontology. See also: :cite:`5043` :cite:`5044` :cite:`5045`.
Ontomatica’s Navigator, traversing the graphs implemented in the homeopathic application, operates in the same way as the Volkswagen navigator, but use different data.
Volkswagen and Ontomatica use the same underlying technology for specifying and storing data. Both specify data using ontologies and store ontology representations in the following formats:
Ontomatica Nobel Prize application illustrates application services navigating data services that manage content familiar to many. For example, here are U.S. Nobel Laureates in Chemistry.
Complete System will look and operate like the Nobel Prize applications and the Volkswagen “Find a Match” application.
In place of the Nobel Laureate’s picture will be the branded food label image registered by a supplier during the web deposit process.
All queries are represented as a Universal Resource Identifier (URI). This means that an end user, investigator and supplier can easily link to and re-use a reference to a food.
Ontomatica’s Navigator, as of 2015, is unique in the technology marketplace.
Some modern tools enable a user to compose a query by selecting two or more single-level facets. An example is NCCOR.
Only Navigator enables a user to compose queries by selecting terms from multiple hierarchies of terms.
Enter search terms or a module, class or function name.


This site doesn't work embeded
Open in a sperate tab at
https://runningdeveloper.github.io/trainjam2019/


八棱麻
刘俊芳
前端H5设计师
蓝牙开启
蓝牙关闭
My Tasks
February 8,2015
Make New Icon
5pm
Web App
Catch up with Brian
3pm
Mobile Project
Design Explorations
2pm
Company Web site
Team Meeting
2pm
Hangouts
New Projects
2pm
Starting
Lunch with Mary
2pm
Grill House
Team Meeting
2pm
Hangouts


With a series of tutorials, I am trying to familiarize myself with the d3 library and some other related concepts like svg, animation, interaction and visualization.


We are not alone ...
We inspired you ? Now let's do a real adoption !
The SPA is a french association, which assure the protection of abandonned animals. So why not helping them?  Make a good thing for a lovely animal !


-
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Average confirmation time: {{fee.nbBlocks * 10}} minutes.
Current fee rate for this policy: {{fee.feePerKBUnit}}/kiB
Bitcoin transactions may include a fee collected by miners on the network. The higher the fee, the greater the incentive a miner has to include that transaction in a block. Actual fees are determined based on network load and the selected policy.


Some of the gorgeous places I visited in Washington state:
Spray Park
Alki beach
Frozen Mason Lake (view from Bandera mountain)
Navaho Pass
Ross Lake
Diablo Lake
Camp Muir
Tolmie Peak Lookout


{% include head.html %} {% include google_analytics.html %}
Mithat Gögebakan
security researcher, developer
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@mithatgogebakan
Turkey area
Blog
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{{ page[0] }}
{% endfor %}
Github
LinkedIn
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