Purpose
Since, we are using docker architecture to build and deploy all of our services, requirement is to dockerize GeoServer for ElasticSearch and deploy to AWS
Background
GeoServer is an open source software server written in Java that allows users to share and edit geospatial data. Designed for interoperability, it publishes data from any major spatial data source using open standards. GeoServer is the reference implementation of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Feature Service (WFS) and Web Coverage Service (WCS) standards, as well as a high performance certified compliant Web Map Service (WMS). GeoServer forms a core component of the Geospatial Web.
ElasticGeo is plugin for GeoServer that provides a GeoTools data store that allows geospatial features from an Elasticsearch index to be published via OGC services using GeoServer. Both geo_point
and geo_shape
type mappings are supported. OGC filters are converted to Elasticsearch queries and can be combined with native Elasticsearch queries in WMS and WFS requests.
Dependency
- Geoserver war file
- ElasticGeo jar file
- Guava jar file
- Generic.sld file
Above dependencies can be dowloaded from following locations
- GeoServer War file (http://sourceforge.net/projects/geoserver/files/GeoServer/2.13.2/geoserver-2.13.2-war.zip)
- Download ElasticGeo Jar from GitHub and Unzip it (https://github.com/ngageoint/elasticgeo/releases/download/2.13.2/elasticgeo-2.13.2.zip)
- Guave-17.0 Jar File (https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.guava/guava/17.0/)
- Save all above files on specific folder
- Create Dockerfile on the same folder where you are saving geoserver war zip, elasticgeo jars and other related files
The folder would like following
Dockerfile would look like following. We should name it as Dockerfile
:
Couple of things to point out here. We need guava version 17 because of ElasticGeo uses the version 17. On the other hand, We also need generic.sld because geoserver uses generic.sld as default
for styling if we don't define any style while creating a layer. When we create a layer, if we don't know the geometry type of geo_shape
data type, geoserver will assign generic style.
We might run into issue down the road of developement Since generic.sld is empty, Once we define the
# Geoserver 2.13.2 Dockerfile FROM tomcat:latest # This Dockerfile is maintained by<EMAIL_ADDRESS>MAINTAINER<EMAIL_ADDRESS># Set Dockerfile environment variables ENV GEOSERVER_VERSION 2.13.2 ENV GEOSERVER_TEMP_NAME geoserver.zip ENV ELASTICGEO_NAME elasticgeo-2.13.2.jar ENV GUAVA_NAME guava-17.0.jar ENV GENERIC_SLD generic.sld ENV GENERIC_XML generic.xml ENV GEOSERVER_XSTREAM_WHITELIST org.geoserver.** # Run install unzip from yum repository RUN apt-get -y update RUN apt-get -y install unzip # Download GeoServer Jars: GeoServer, ElasticGeo, and Guava COPY geoserver-2.13.2-war.zip $GEOSERVER_TEMP_NAME COPY elasticgeo-2.13.2.jar $ELASTICGEO_NAME COPY guava-17.0.jar $GUAVA_NAME COPY $GENERIC_XML $GENERIC_XML COPY $GENERIC_SLD $GENERIC_SLD # Set up the webapps folder RUN unzip $GEOSERVER_TEMP_NAME -d $CATALINA_HOME/webapps \ && ls -la $CATALINA_HOME \ && mkdir $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver \ && unzip $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver.war -d $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver \ && rm $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/*txt \ && rm -rf $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/target # Cleanup and move files to correct dir RUN rm $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/WEB-INF/lib/guava*.jar \ && rm $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/data/styles/generic.xml \ && mv $ELASTICGEO_NAME $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/WEB-INF/lib/ \ && mv $GUAVA_NAME $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/WEB-INF/lib/ \ && mv $GENERIC_XML $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/data/styles/ \ && mv $GENERIC_SLD $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/data/styles/ # Replace web.xml to enable CORS RUN rm $CATALINA_HOME/conf/web.xml ADD web.xml $CATALINA_HOME/conf/ RUN set -x; rm -rf $GEOSERVER_TEMP_NAME CMD ["catalina.sh", "run"]
We can also create docker image using S3 bucket as source for all of the requeired files. Dockerfile needs to change to download all the required jar from S3 bucket. Dockerfile will like follows to download required files from AWS S3
# Geoserver 2.13.2 Dockerfile FROM tomcat:latest # This Dockerfile is maintained by<EMAIL_ADDRESS>MAINTAINER<EMAIL_ADDRESS>#Argument from cmd ARG S3_BUCKET_URL # Set Dockerfile environment variables ENV GEOSERVER_VERSION 2.13.2 ENV GEOSERVER_TEMP_NAME geoserver.zip ENV GEOTOOLS_TEMP_NAME geotools.zip ENV ELASTICGEO_NAME elasticgeo-2.13.2.jar ENV CONTROL_FLOW gs-control-flow-2.13.2.jar ENV GUAVA_NAME guava-17.0.jar ENV GENERIC_SLD generic.sld ENV GENERIC_XML generic.xml ENV S3_BUCKET_URL ${S3_BUCKET_URL}/geoserver ENV GEOSERVER_XSTREAM_WHITELIST org.geoserver.** # Update curl and bash RUN apk add --update curl bash && \ rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* # Download GeoServer Jars: GeoServer, ElasticGeo, and Guava RUN set -x \ && curl -fSLk $S3_BUCKET_URL/geoserver-2.13.2-war.zip -o $GEOSERVER_TEMP_NAME \ && curl -fSLk $S3_BUCKET_URL/elasticgeo-2.13.2.jar -o $ELASTICGEO_NAME \ && curl -fSLk $S3_BUCKET_URL/guava-17.0.jar -o $GUAVA_NAME \ && curl -fSLk $S3_BUCKET_URL/gs-control-flow-2.13.2.jar -o $CONTROL_FLOW # Set up the webapps folder RUN unzip $GEOSERVER_TEMP_NAME -d $CATALINA_HOME/webapps \ && ls -la $CATALINA_HOME \ && mkdir $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver \ && unzip $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver.war -d $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver \ && rm $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/*txt \ && rm -rf $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/target # Copy in Generic Styling COPY $GENERIC_XML $GENERIC_XML COPY $GENERIC_SLD $GENERIC_SLD # Cleanup and move files to correct dir RUN rm $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/WEB-INF/lib/guava*.jar \ && rm $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/data/styles/generic.xml \ && mv $ELASTICGEO_NAME $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/WEB-INF/lib/ \ && mv $GUAVA_NAME $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/WEB-INF/lib/ \ && mv $CONTROL_FLOW $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/WEB-INF/lib/ \ && mv $GENERIC_XML $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/data/styles/ \ && mv $GENERIC_SLD $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/geoserver/data/styles/ # Replace web.xml for CORS RUN rm $CATALINA_HOME/conf/web.xml ADD web.xml $CATALINA_HOME/conf/ RUN set -x; rm -rf $GEOSERVER_TEMP_NAME CMD ["catalina.sh", "run"]
Build
We can run docker build -t geoserver:2.13.2 .
command to build the geoserver image from the folder directory.
We should see Successfully built 7eeafe217b67 Successfully tagged geoserver:2.13.2
mesage at the end of the build log in our console.
The same image is also located in dockerhub here
References
Copyright of geoserver image is © wikipedia.org
http://geoserver.org
https://github.com/ngageoint/elasticgeo
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/


| Table 1 | ||||||
| Incidents, Offenses, Victims, and Known Offenders | ||||||
| by Bias Motivation, 2018 | ||||||
| Bias motivation | Incidents | Offenses | Victims1 | Known offenders2 |
||
| Race/Ethnicity/Ancestry: | 4,047 | 4,954 | 5,155 | 3,634 | ||
| Religion: | 1,419 | 1,550 | 1,617 | 917 | ||
| Sexual Orientation: | 1,196 | 1,404 | 1,445 | 1,268 | ||
| Disability (Mental & Physical): | 159 | 177 | 179 | 151 | ||
| Gender (Male/Female): | 47 | 58 | 61 | 38 | ||
| Gender Identity: | 168 | 184 | 189 | 180 | ||
|
|
||||||


Is taking an online class a good fit for you? Learning through an online class requires different skills than learning in a face-to-face class. It's important to know what you're getting into and to understand the kind of commitment that's necessary for success in online learning. You can get a good idea of your readiness for online learning by filling out the following assessment.


WITNESS LIST
Health & Human Services
July 31, 2012 9:00 AM
Charge 3
ON:
Draetta, Giulio Director (also providing written testimony) (MD Anderson Cancer Center-
Institute for Applied Cancer Science), Houston, TX
Ferrari, Mauro President & CEO (also providing written testimony) (The Methodist
Hospital Research Institute, Houston), Houston, TX
Gimson, William Executive Director (also providing written testimony) (Cancer
Prevention and Research Institute of Texas), Austin, TX
Hurn, Patricia Associate Vice Chancellor (also providing written testimony) (University of
Texas System), Austin, TX
Rich, Laurie Special Advisor Higher Ed (also providing written testimony) (Texas
Emerging Technology Fund (TETF)), Austin, TX
Smith-Williams, Jennifer Co-Founder (also providing written testimony) (Kidney
Contenders for Translational Research), Round Rock, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
ON:
Jones, Edward CEO (The Methodist Hospital Research Institute), Houston, TX
Charge 5
FOR:
Boyte, Melanie Organizer (ADAPT), Austin, TX
Cranston, Ron (PACT/ADAPT of Texas), Austin, TX
Leray Steel, Burrell (ADAPT of Texas), Austin, TX
Saenz, Danny (ADAPT of Texas), Austin, TX
Salovitz, Heiwa Organizer (also providing written testimony) (ADAPT of Texas), TX
ON:
Baldwin, Cynthia (also providing written testimony) (Self), Marshall, TX
Boatright, Clay (Self), Plano, TX
Borel, Dennis Executive Director (Coalition of Texans with Disabilities), Austin, TX
Castillo, Consuelo President (also providing written testimony) (Texas Advocates), Hutto,
TX
Castillo, Rosemary CEO (also providing written testimony) (Pace in El Paso), El Paso, TX
Chishty, Farhat (Self), Dallas, TX
Cranston, Catherine Organizer (also providing written testimony) (Personal Attendant
Coalition of Texas/ADAPT of Texas), Austin, TX
Crowther, Nancy Community First Organizer (Personal Attendant Coalition of Texas),
Austin, TX
Hanvey, Phyllis (ARC of Texas), Austin, TX
Horton, Colleen Policy Program Officer (Hogg Foundation for Mental Health), Austin, TX
Jaloway-Gill, Norine Volunteer (also providing written testimony) (The Arc of Texas),
Seabrook, TX
Jessee, Gary Assistant Commissioner (also providing written testimony) (Department of
Aging & Disability Services), Austin, TX
Kafka, Bob Organizer (also providing written testimony) (ADAPT of Texas), Austin, TX
WITNESS LIST
Health & Human Services
July 31, 2012 9:00 AM
LeoGrande, Robin President (also providing written testimony) (Community for
Permanent Supported Housing), Plano, TX
Litzinger, Amy (Self), Austin, TX
Litzinger, Linda (Self), Austin, TX
Mason, Ruth (also providing written testimony) (Self), Houston, TX
McPhail, Jennifer Community Organizer (Adapt of Texas), Austin, TX
Metz, Albert Organizer (ADAPT of Texas), Austin, TX
Moyer, Martha (also providing written testimony) (Self), Elmendorf, TX
Murphee, Susan Senior Policy Specialist (also providing written testimony) (Disability
Rights Texas), Austin, TX
Peet, Nelson (Adapt of Texas), Austin, TX
Roberson, Amber President (Texas Prader-Willi Association), Westlake Hills, TX
Salinas Valdez, Debby Advocate/parent of young adult with disabilities (Community
Now/Texas Adults with Autism/Intellectual Disabilities), San Antonio, TX
Sonleitner, Denise (also providing written testimony) (Self), Austin, TX
Stacey, Franklin (Adapt/Pact/Community Now!), Austin, TX
Svien, Doug President (also providing written testimony) (Providers Alliance for
Community Services in Texas (PACSTX)), Stephenville, TX
Thomas, Stephanie Organizer (ADAPT of Texas), Austin, TX
Travis, Jamie Board Member (also providing written testimony) (Texas Council of
Community Centers), West Columbia, TX
Traylor, Chris Commissioner (also providing written testimony) (Department of Aging and
Disability Services (DADS)), Austin, TX
Trevino, Dee Administrator (The Valley Chapter of Texas Academy of Family Physicians
(TAFP)), McAllen, TX
Wittie, David (ADAPT of Texas/Community Now/PACT), Austin, TX
Providing written testimony:
ON:
Craft, Renee (Self), Austin, TX
Hart, Ann (Self), Austin, TX
Hurley, Richard (Self), Austin, TX
Charge 9D
FOR:
Falk, Linda (State Supported Living Center), Porter, TX
Garraud, Yolette (Self), Houston, TX
Lee Bartlett, Albert (Self), Houston, TX
AGAINST:
Boyte, Melanie Community Organizer (ADAPT of Texas), Austin, TX
Leray Steel, Burrell (ADAPT of Texas), Austin, TX
Salovitz, Heiwa Organizer (ADAPT of Texas/Community Now), Austin, TX
Searight, Charleen (also providing written testimony) (Self), Austin, TX
WITNESS LIST
Health & Human Services
July 31, 2012 9:00 AM
ON:
Adams, Chris Assistant Commissioner-SSLC (Texas Department of Aging and Disability
Services), Austin, TX
Burgos, Sylvia Former Direct Care (No Voice No Justice), El Paso, TX
Burton, Sydney (also providing written testimony) (Self), Seguin, TX
Chishty, Farhat (Self), Dallas, TX
Cook, Janet (Self; Texas State Employees Union (TSEU)), Austin, TX
Ferguson, Charles Associate (also providing written testimony) (Texans Supporting State
Schools), Dallas, TX
Golman, Steve (also providing written testimony) (Self), Plano, TX
Holman Chandler, Barbara Parent of Lufkin Child (Lufkin State Supported Living Center),
Tyler, TX
Kafka, Bob Organizer (ADAPT of Texas), Austin, TX
McPhail, Jennifer Community Organizer (Adapt of Texas), Austin, TX
Metz, Albert (ADAPT of Texas), Austin, TX
Miller, Brenda (Self), Carrollton, TX
Miller, Jim (also providing written testimony) (Self), Carrollton, TX
Paschall, Cindi Communications Director (also providing written testimony) (Community
Now!), North Richland Hills, TX
Payne, Susan President (also providing written testimony) (PART), College Station, TX
Peet, Nelson (Adapt of Texas), Austin, TX
Robinson, Ileene (also providing written testimony) (Self), Houston, TX
Rogers, Nona (also providing written testimony) (Self), Austin, TX
Ruiz, Edmundo (Self; Texas State Employees Union (TSEU)), El Paso, TX
Salinas Valdez, Debby Advocate/parent of young adult with disabilities (Community
Now/Texas Adults with Autism/Intellectual Disabilities), San Antonio, TX
Traylor, Chris Commissioner (also providing written testimony) (Department of Aging and
Disability Services (DADS)), Austin, TX
Watkins, Haley Advocate Supervisor (also providing written testimony) (Disability Rights
Texas), Austin, TX
Watkins, Sarah Member (Community Now/ADAPT of Texas), Austin, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Hedrick, Mary (Self), Austin, TX
ON:
Jimenez, Gerard Government Affairs Director (Down Syndrome Association of Central
Texas), Austin, TX
Marroquin, Marcus (Self), Austin, TX
Providing written testimony:
ON:
Brisbin, Emma (Self), Austin, TX
Feutz, Sally Secretary (Family/Guardian Assistant Austin State Supported Living Center),
Austin, TX


Langdale - Github
A Github web project for general information, projects and trying stuff out, things may or may not work. Currently using pure css blog layout
A Github web project for general information, projects and trying stuff out, things may or may not work. Currently using pure css blog layout
Created a couple of google map traffic layer pages to be able to instantly go to an area and see current traffic, handy for specific areas, routes or commutes. Currently just residing on the left menu until I work on the page design of these a bit more.


BIT-WISE OPERATIONS
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| & | Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. | (A & B) = 12 i.e., 0000 1100 |
| | | Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. |
(A | B) = 61 i.e., 0011 1101 |
| ^ | Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. |
(A ^ B) = 49 i.e., 0011 0001 |
| ~ | Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. |
(~A ) = -61 i.e., 1100 0011 in 2's complement form. |
| << | Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. |
A << 2 = 240 i.e., 1111 0000 |
| >> | Binary Right Shift Operator.The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. |
A >> 2 = 15 i.e., 0000 1111 |


While black youth were almost twice as likely to be arrested citywide, the disparity was worse in certain neighborhoods. In several of them, black youth made up the smallest share of the population, but the largest share of arrests.
Hover or Tap the map to to see how the odds varied between districts, or Type your address to see the odds in your neighborhood.


This is a new record in BIFF8. In a double stream file, the XL5MODIFY record appears in the BIFF5/BIFF7 stream (the stream named Book ). This record is used internally and contains no record data field.


BIRD ON A WIRE [Spoilers] A film review by Robert Dorsett Copyright 1990 Robert Dorsett
BIRD ON A WIRE is the latest star vehicle for Mel Gibson and Goldie Hawn. It features Gibson as Rick Jarmin; Hawn as his ex-wife*, Marianne Graves. To cut a very long, convoluted story short, Gibson's in the Federal Witness Protection Program. He has been forced to transfer from invisible job to invisible job over a fifteen-year period; part of his cover has been to pretend that he's dead. He runs into his wife (who is now a high-powered attorney) one day, much to her surprise. Coincidentally, someone who doesn't like him wants him dead, and spends a great deal of time trying to do just that*. Gibson is forced to use her, and, in the ensuing chase, they get to rekindle their earlier romance.
The story is very, very weak, and has little more than Hawn looking cute and Gibson posturing. There are numerous allusions to Gibson's gluteus maximus; it quickly gets boring after a while. The rest of the film amounts to gasoline explosions, car chases, lots of noise, the inexplicable bad guys, and jokes about the conflict between Gibson's working-class character and Hawn's refined character (And Guess What: Love Triumphs! SURPRISE!!!). YAWN.
There are numerous product placements: BMW, Four Seasons, Apple (including an obscene user interface on a Mac; I don't know why Apple let them do that--looks like a PC), etc. I guess they didn't manage to get an American Express or Visa endorsement, but every time Hawn says "my gold card," her face is away from the camera--don't be surprised if it's dubbed in when it comes out on video tape. :-)
DOWNER
If you want to see yet another film with Gibson as a Sex Symbol, Hawn as a Giddy Flake, and Carradine as a Bad Guy with an Attitude, SEE THIS MOVIE. I, however, was bored out of my mind (and judging by all the heads propped on hands near the end, everyone else was, too). Skip it: 5/10 (two stars). It's worth about a buck: if you must see it, catch it on cable or video.
* SPOILERS
I may have been dozing, but didn't they technically say that Gibson ran off at the altar? If so, how could Hawn be the self-described grieving widow (hotel scene)? Am I missing something in their use of idiom?
And the entire premise of the the movie: why the hell were these people after Gibson in the first place? Why waste the time or effort? And why would the people the ex-DEA people were doing a deal with want Gibson dead? The story has holes one can drive a truck through. I can buy Carradine's character wanting Gibson dead, but wasn't he just a minion, and unlikely to sway the Organization to his point of view? Revenge apart, why waste time on someone who ceased being a threat fifteen years previously, and who obviously wants to be left alone (as evidenced by the lack of contacts with the feds)?
 Enough said: the real-plane/helicopter scenes were quite different from the flying models. When are filmmakers going to realize that models just don't look like the the real thing? I was interested to note, though, that the helicopter had a G (Great Britain) prefix, while the airplane had an N (American) prefix. Where was this thing filmed?
The whole zoo scene was idiotic. I kept on thinking: "Don't they feed those animals?" And why should the animals pass up fresh, bloody bait (at the end) to continue to snap at Gibson dangling from the foot-bridge? And why would the animal go after Hawn's jacket, when she throws it away, when it has a nice, plump side of meat in front of it? :-)
Lastly, the movie seems to be intended for television: virtually no profanity, and surprisingly little physical violence. Only one Good Guy got waxed; the rest of the film showed Rick and Marianne being *very* careful not to actually *hurt* the people who were trying to bury them. Gibson as pacifist? Yeeeesh...
--- Robert Dorsett Internet<EMAIL_ADDRESS>UUCP: ...cs.utexas.edu!rascal.ics.utexas.edu!rdd
.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Kelly MacLeod
Virtual Assistant
Hi There!
Are you looking for a self-motivated, part-time virtual assistant? Let me help you with your email correspondence, scheduling, and data-entry! I can type around 70 words per minute, I am proficient in Microsoft Office, familiar with G Suite, and can proofread documents for you. I am process-driven and like having clear goals and deadlines.
In my spare time, I love rough-housing with my dogs or can be found in my garden, playing in the dirt. I am a proud veteran.
Services
Data Entry
I can type 70-80 words per minute, and I am an intermediate user of the Microsoft Office Suite and proficient with G Suite (Google Suite).
Proofreading and Formatting
I know how important a 'second set of eyes' can be to make sure your message is delivered just right. I can proofread and format your projects for you.
Website Services
Do you need a blog post updated? Struggling with your WordPress or Drupal site? I am a web developer too, and have experience with several content management systems. I will gladly advise and assist you with your web presence as well.
Research
Don't wonder - know! I can research products and platforms for your business, or I can pour over studies and articles in order to provide the best information possible for your project. As a rule, I always cross-reference information, and I don't use less than three sources.
A bit more about myself...
Education
BS Psychology - Appalachian State Univeristy
2007-2013
Previous Experience
- Customer Service Associate - Appalachian State University. 2016-Present
- Managed inventory of over 1300 residence hall keys
- Tracked work order progress and key code changes for residence hall keys
- Worked with campus partners to create new policy and procedures
- Developed solutions to novel problems and created a position manual
- Used spreadsheets and G Suite to track key and package changes
- Human Resources Specialst - North Carolina Army National Guard. 2007-2016
- Maintained paper copies and digital copies of personnel files for 112 soldiers
- Received incident reports from security personnel and sent reports to higher command
- Tracked movements for over 100 detainees
- Assisted in quality control of over 60 annual evaluations
- Held HIPAA Certification and Secret Security Clearance


Enumerations
The following enumerations are available globally.
-
ANTMessage Error Reasons
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum ErrorReasons
-
ANTFS Beacon Perio
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum AntFsBeaconPeriod : UInt8
-
ANTFS Client State
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum AntFsClientState : UInt8
-
ANTFS Authorization Type
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum AntFsAuthType : UInt8
-
Battery Status
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum BatteryStatus : UInt8
-
Cumulative Operating Resolution
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum CumulativeOperatingResolution : UInt8
-
ANT Channel Type
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum ChannelType : UInt8
-
Undocumented
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum AntInvalidUInt8
-
Undocumented
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum AntInvalidUInt16
-
Undocumented
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum AntInvalidUInt32
-
Day of Week
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum DayOfWeek : UInt8
-
Month
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum Month : UInt8
-
ANT Device Types
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum DeviceType : UInt8
extension DeviceType: Encodable
-
Fitness Equipment Type
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum FitnessEquipmentType : String
-
Fitness Eqiupment State
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum FitnessEquipmentState : Int
-
Gender Type
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum Gender : UInt8
-
Undocumented
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum GenericCommand
-
ANT Network Type
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum NetworkType : UInt8
-
FIT Sport Types
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum Sport : UInt8
-
FIT Sub Sport
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum SubSport : UInt8
-
CodingKey with a Type and Value
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum TypeValueCodingKeys : CodingKey


Retreives the episodes from a podcast. ## Syntax
getPodcastEpisodes(input: <#Variable#>)
getPodcastEpisodes(input: Podcast)


GLADIATOR
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transient
modifier are considered unnecessary to copy.
Same goes for final
fields with initializers.
Example:
class Point { private int x; private int y; Point(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } Point(Point other) { } }
In this example inspection will report that fields x
and y
are not initialized in Point
copy constructor.
New in 2018.1


--- layout: example categories: example/v1.0.0 version: v1.0.0 title: Custom legend description: Add a custom legend to your map from HTML contained in your code. tags: - legend ---


For each follow along you should: 1. Create a folder with the name of the follow along (i.e. "HelloWorld" ) 2. Copy the code from the public template repo (may need to clone first to have a local version to copy) 3. Commit your work as you make progress 4. Be sure to leave a commit message when the project is done, i.e. "HelloWorld COMPLETE"


Report and Recommendations of the
D.
G. Sibeck and T. Kucera (Co-Chairs)
J. Byrnes, B. Fortner, S. Fung, B. Giles, J. Gurman, T. Herder,
G. Le, B. Labonte, W.D. Pesnell, and A. Szabo
January 2002
Outline
a. Introduction and Objectives
b. Current Status of Data Management within the SEC Discipline
c. Principles Guiding the Development of an LWS Science Data System
d. Responsibilities within the LWS Data System
e. Items for Immediate Action
In response to a request by LWS
Senior Project Scientists Drs. Richard Fisher (GSFC) and Larry Zanetti
(JHU/APL), the LWS Data System Planning Team held a series of biweekly meetings
throughout 2001 to discuss the nature of the forthcoming LWS Science Data
System. This report (1) reviews
current data management practices within the Sun-Earth Connection (SEC)
discipline, (2) lists principles that should guide the development of an LWS
data system, (3) outlines the distribution of responsibilities within an LWS
data system, and (4) recommends immediate and near-term actions facilitating
the formation of an LWS data system.
The LWS Science Data
System Planning Team hopes that this summary may serve as a starting point for
future workshops directed towards community consensus.
Cost constraints and the need to
provide services based on user needs dictate that any future LWS Data System
will grow from existing services.
The LWS Data System Planning team therefore began by surveying data
management practices and resources in the various Sun-Earth Connection
subdisciplines. It then considered
a set of common problems faced by each subdiscipline.
Solar Physics. Numerous domestic (e.g. NASA, NOAA, NSF, and DoD) and foreign agencies (e.g., ESA, ISAS) support projects that provide solar observations. Several WWW sites maintain comprehensive links to data sets held on-line by principal investigators and designated archives. Projects within the solar community generally provide research quality observations to the scientific community and general public within minutes to hours after the observations have been made. The solar physics community benefits from the widespread use of a single software analysis package (SolarSoft) to examine data exchanged in a single format (FITS). The community maintains a software tree and sponsors the development of new tools within it, including tools that enable the importation of observations in other formats.
Heliospheric Physics. Both NASA- and foreign-sponsored missions have provided and will provide important heliospheric observations. No WWW site maintains comprehensive links to heliospheric data sets held within the research community and at designated archives. Although the NSSDC’s COHOWeb and OMNIWeb provide hourly-averaged plasma and magnetic field measurements from a variety of heliospheric spacecraft, many valuable data sets are held off line. Lag times for new heliospheric observations to be processed, validated, and placed on line range from days to months. Some data sets are never made available on line. Heliospheric physicists use a number of analysis tools to inspect observations in a wide variety of formats, often proprietary. Although the Solar & Heliospheric SR&T program has imposed a requirement that new proposals may only use publicly available data, the means of enforcing (or funding) and enabling this initiative have not been specified.
Magnetospheric Physics. Several federal (e.g., NASA, NOAA, DoE, and DoD), and foreign space agencies (ESA, ISAS, RSA), sponsor missions that provide magnetospheric observations. No WWW site maintains comprehensive links to magnetospheric data sets held within the research community and at designated archives. Although the SPDF’s CDAWeb provides key parameter observations from a variety of spacecraft, numerous valuable data sets are held off line within the community or in archives. Many are in danger of being lost permanently following the termination of the ISTP project. Lag times for new magnetospheric observations to be placed on line range from minutes to months. Magnetospheric physicists use a number of analysis tools to inspect observations in a wide variety of formats, often proprietary. The NSSDC’s SSCWeb provides information such as the location of the spacecraft and conjugate points on the ground. Satellite ephemeris data are needed for this service.
Ionospheric and Thermospheric Physics.. A variety of federal agencies (e.g., DoD, NSF, NOAA, and NASA), as well as numerous foreign governments, support projects that provide ionospheric observations. No WWW site maintains comprehensive links to ionospheric data sets held within the research community and at designated archives. However, NSF maintains a WWW site with extensive links to all the projects that it sponsors, and NOAA provides an archive for magnetometer data, solar indices, and other datasets related to solar-terrestrial connection research. Nevertheless, the ability to integrate these observations into comprehensive views of the ionosphere remains absent. Lag times for new observations to be placed on-line range from minutes to months. As in the case of heliospheric and magnetospheric physics, ionospheric physicists use a number of self-written analysis tools to inspect observations stored in a wide variety of data formats, often proprietary.
Possible Approach to Problems Common to Each Subdiscipline.
As discussed above, there is no single entry point on the WWW that comprehensively catalogues the various data sets currently available for LWS-type studies or provides the tools needed to conduct such studies. Consequently, researchers must often search the WWW for required data sets, translate formats, and prepare both graphical and analytical software to achieve their research goals. As many researchers have similar objectives, there is considerable duplication of effort.
Thanks to their use of a single software tree and a single data format, data management practices are most advanced within the Solar Physics community. Although this will greatly facilitate the solar community’s transition to LWS-type studies, researchers within other subdisciplines will not be able to make use of SolarSoft without the preparation of further introductory material and simple web-based tools, e.g., a tool for inter-comparison of images from disparate instruments.
Instead, most researchers within the heliospheric, magnetospheric, and ionospheric communities will desire software tools specifically adapted to their own research interests and more rapid access to validated data sets than has been the case to date. This will require a paradigm shift towards rapid data availability, the use of a limited number of data exchange formats (or more common use of format converters), and the development of standard software analysis and display tools. Among the tools currently available to these scientific disciplines, COHOWeb (for hourly-averaged heliospheric observations), OMNIWeb (for hourly-averaged near-Earth heliospheric and geomagnetic observations), CDAWeb (for higher time resolution magnetospheric and some ionospheric observations) and SSCWeb (for ephemeris) provide potential foundations for an incipient LWS data system. These have the advantage of utilizing and building upon existing data management infrastructure that is already serving the space physics community by providing ISTP data sets relevant to LWS. While some correlative tools may be developed at the request of the LWS data system, most should originate from and be developed by individual PIs, who understand their own observations best, and by other members of the scientific community. The LWS data system can play an important role in disseminating these tools.
Simulations and empirical models will play important roles in the LWS program. Simulations test the degree to which we understand the underlying physics linking the Sun to the Earth, whereas data intensive empirical models help specify the space environment. Both can help fill in gaps resulting from incomplete observational coverage. Continuing advances in simulation techniques and data assimilation have brought the possibility of accurate space weather forecasts within sight. For the models to be further improved, extensive comparisons with observations will be necessary. With the notable exception of the CCMC, current data systems do not facilitate such comparisons. The construction of accurate empirical specification models (such as the NASA AE/P-8 trapped radiation models and the International Reference Ionosphere [IRI] model) requires intensive data processing. The LWS data system must facilitate both model-data comparisons and the development of empirical models from its inception.
In summary, there is considerable room for improvement in data management policies, developing and disseminating correlative analysis tools, and cataloging and providing access to existing and future LWS-relevant data sets and simulation results. Advocating a paradigm shift towards more effective data management will be an important first step in the development of an LWS data system.
The
development of any data system begins with lessons learned from past
experiences. The LWS Data System
Planning Team noted that (1) the imposition of overly ambitious comprehensive
data systems can result in costly systems that do not address basic needs; (2)
valuable data sets are currently in danger of being lost because their delivery
to designated archives was neither required nor funded; (3) a combined effort
of designated archives and dedicated PIs will be needed to extract the full
scientific return from publicly available data sets; and (4) periodic
competitions encourage innovations and help control costs. Consequently, the team adopted the
following guiding principles:
a.
The most useful and feasible LWS science
data system would be a meta-system tying together many heterogeneous sets of
data distributed among different institutions. Such a data system should
identify and allow for access to essential data sets and model output from
other NASA and non-NASA projects, sponsored by the US and other countries. The
resulting LWS data system will very likely be distributed and virtual.
b.
The LWS data system design must not solidify
too early or be imposed from outside the scientific community, but should
initially be based on existing services and then evolve in response to
clearly-identified user needs and project guidelines.
c.
The LWS data system
must provide for end-to-end management of all research-quality data sets
returned by LWS missions and models.
d.
Both PI teams and
designated archives should manage and maintain the usability of the data
system. Whereas the former provide
expertise to ensure proper processing of individual full resolution data sets,
the latter support the project by establishing data archiving and accessing
protocols and developing and providing the services needed to locate and
retrieve multiple data sets for correlative analysis.
e.
Peer-reviewed proposals
in response to directed AOs provide the most cost-effective means for
initiating and improving the LWS data system.
f.
The time to begin
developing the metadata standards and access methods for an LWS data system is
now, because this will afford an opportunity to identify the data sets and
services needed, familiarize potential users with available tools and
conventions, support the ongoing LWS TMDA program, and take advantage of
technology developed with the support of NASA’s OSS AISRP.
Responsibilities
within the LWS Data System
In view of the fact that the final set of spacecraft and instruments remain to be determined, it might be thought premature to begin designing an LWS data system. Solutions adopted now may become outdated by the time the LWS missions are launched. On the other hand, the LWS science data system is more than a traditional data system designed to serve only a single project. It will serve all LWS data product providers and users, connect different LWS program elements, and provide coherence to the LWS program. Because of its paramount importance to the LWS program, it is not too early to begin identifying tasks that any data system must accomplish, allocating responsibilities, and reaching community consensus. A prototype LWS data system can begin examining and testing possible solutions, salvaging relevant data sets, and supplying both current and heritage data sets to researchers, particularly those currently funded by the LWS Targeted Research and Technology Program. This section describes our views of how the functions assigned to the LWS Data System should be distributed amongst NASA management, LWS Data System managers, the PIs, and designated data centers.
Role of LWS Project Management. Because the LWS program emphasizes cross-disciplinary and correlative studies, NASA management must provide adequate resources and expertise for end-to-end data management. NASA must ensure that Announcements of Opportunity (AOs) for LWS missions include requirements for Project Data Management Plans (PDMPs) and that proposals submitted to the program include satisfactory responses. PDMPs must be based on NASA’s open data policy and LWS program objectives, which require timely delivery of scientifically meaningful observations together with metadata and supporting documentation to data users, relevant real-time observations to operational forecasters, and data products of general interest to the public.
NASA must allocate sufficient funds to ensure the successful completion of data management tasks. NASA managers must not allow instrument and spacecraft operations to terminate abruptly with these tasks left unfinished. They may rely upon LWS data system managers and the scientific community to monitor progress.
Role of LWS Data System Management. The LWS Data System will require a small management and administrative staff. Working together with PIs, designated archives, and interested members of the scientific community, the Data System Managers will direct data system activities and ensure proper communication between NASA headquarters, members of the data system, users, and affiliated non-NASA data sources.
Role of Designated Archives. With the exception of deep archiving, archive functions within the LWS Data System should be periodically competed. Designated archives must maintain the data sets returned by the LWS project once individual missions have ended, and catalogue their holdings. Furthermore, they must provide the various user communities (researchers, forecasters, educators, and the general public) with comprehensive and comprehensible WWW interfaces to LWS data sets. It is likely that they will develop value-added services, data products, and functionality.
Role of PI teams. PI teams will play a key role within the LWS data system. They possess the unique knowledge required to interpret the observations and develop the software to interpret high-resolution observations. They should be asked to accept a paradigm shift towards full and free access to their data following an initial brief validation period. In contrast to the situation that has hitherto prevailed, they should
a. Provide access to the most recent versions of research quality data, processing software, metadata, and documentation.
b. Develop WWW-based tools that grant both team members and outsiders similar views and access to the data.
c. Produce and deliver key parameters to the designated LWS data system archives.
d. Respond to questions concerning data quality and interpretation.
e. Carry out their responsibilities as stipulated in the PDMPs.
PI funding for research should be based substantially on how well they serve the larger community in these ways. The LWS Program Scientist should ensure (1) that all AO’s include a clear statement indicating that the PI status is a public trust, and (2) that Project Scientists receive the resources and power to reward the PI’s who do the most for the community.
Action Items
1. Establish a Prototype LWS Science Data System
2.
Require Project Data Management Plans
(PDMPs)
a.
Instrument
and spacecraft AOs must require end-to-end PDMPs.
b.
Review
panels must explicitly evaluate proposal PDMPs.
c.
Routinely
monitor and reward compliance with PDMPs.
d.
Taper
(rather than cut) off funding at the end of projects so that they can properly
archive their high-resolution scientific data sets.
e.
Do not
rely on free help from interested scientists and archivists to preserve
valuable data sets.
3. Establish a firmer LWS WWW presence for the project and more specifically for the LWS Data System.
a. Improve visibility with readable descriptions of LWS objectives.
b. Provide frequent updates on LWS implementation plans.
c. Receive community comments on plans.
d. Provide contact points and describe roles of LWS program officials.
e. Encourage joint research by describing the projects funded by the LWS Targeted Research and Technology program.
f. Support the LWS Targeted Research and Technology program by establishing a prototype LWS Data System.
AISRP – Applied Information Systems Research Program
CCMC – Community Coordinated Modeling Center
CDAWeb – Coordinated Data Analysis Web
COHOWeb – COordinated Heliospheric Observations Web
FITS – Flexible Image Transport System
NSSDC – National Space Science Data Center
PDMP - Project Data Management Plan
SPDF – Space Physics Data Facility
SSCWeb – Satellite Situation Center Web


The following table shows the price details of the assets in the long version algorithm:
| Asset | Price ($) | Strike ($) |
|---|---|---|
| Longer-term call at the start of the trade | 4.40 | 835.00 |
| Shorter-term call at the start of the trade | 36.80 | 767.50 |
| Longer-term call at time $T$ | 31.35 | 835.00 |
| Underlying Equity at time $T$ | 829.08 | - |
Therefore, the payoff at time $T$ (the expiration of the short-term call) is
$$ \begin{array}{rcll} C^{\textrm{short-term}}_T & = & (S_T - K)^{+}\\ & = & (828.07-800.00)^{+}\\ & = & 28.07\\ P_T & = & (C^{\textrm{long-term}}_T - C^{\textrm{short-term}}_T + C^{\textrm{short-term}}_0 - C^{\textrm{long-term}}_0)\times m - fee\\ & = & (31.35-28.07+11.30-20.00)\times100-1.00\times2\\ & = & -544 \end{array} $$So, the strategy losses $544.
The following algorithm implements a long call calendar spread Option strategy:


SnowShoeing
$100.00
Per Person
Sierra Snowshoeing Adventure from LA
Explore the Los Angeles area’s winter wonderland – the sierras – on a snowshoeing tour! Just 60 minutes outside Los Angeles California has hundreds of trails that allow you to enjoy the wintertime wilderness (Nov to March).
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>+1<PHONE_NUMBER>
91 Fourmile Canyon Dr
Boulder, CO 80302
9:00 AM
2:00 PM
Days Offered
- Thursday
- Friday
Ben's Tour Company
This isn't a real tour company
970 460 6664
8288 Anonymous Ct
Loveland
Colorado
80538
Jump
Jump


The Edge A Film Review By Michael Redman Copyright 1997 by Michael Redman
** (out of ****)
This is the tale of survival in the wilderness: men against bear. No, wait, it's really about of two rivals for the same woman. No, no, the real story is a man's discovery of his unknown inner resources. Hold on, it's "Grizzly Adams" but with big town socialites.
It's truly all of these things and this is a prime example of the whole being lesser than the sum of the parts.
Although the Canadian Rockies scenery (standing in for the film's Alaska) is magnificent, in typical David Mamet form, the movie could be a filmed play. There are only two main characters (three, if you count the bear) and the supposed focus in on the interaction between them.
Bookwormish billionaire Charles Morse (Anthony Hopkins) decides to go on location with his trophy wife, super model Mickey (Elle MacPherson) to Alaska. His hidden motive is to find out if the ultra babe is making time with her photographer Bob Green (Alec Baldwin).
This rapidly takes a back seat when a plane with the billionaire (but not his wife - this is not "Gilligan's Island"), the photographer and his assistant crash lands in the wilderness, miles from civilization. Now survival is all that matters and when a man-eating Kodiak bear shows up, the rivalry is all but forgotten.
As the two stars and the "other guy" emerge from the wreckage, it's reminiscent of the original "Star Trek" series when the Kirk, Spock and Scotty beams down to a new planet with an unnamed crew member. You know that it's just a matter of time before you hear "He's dead, Jim" and there's no question who the statement is about.
Luckily for the group, Morse has a photographic memory and even better, he's just been reading a book on how to survive when lost in the wilds. Before you know it, there's a compass made from a paper clip, navigating by the stars and talk of making a fire from an ice lens. All this from a guy who describes himself as having no imagination.
Much has been made as to this film being the story of the triumph of the thinking man over nature. While this is certainly a portion of what is going on, other aspects of the human condition are just as important to survival. The high point of the movie is two men fighting a monstrous bear armed with only sharpened burnt sticks and a plan. While they do have a blueprint for their battle, it would never work unless they reach down inside to come up with the primal energy for the combat.
There's a good film hidden inside of this mish-mash. For a few minutes before the bear battle until about a half hour afterwards, a mini-movie exists that, had it been all there was, could be highly recommended.
Unfortunately before that point there are far too many scenes of "Oh no, we're going to die!" "No, we're not. We have to push on." Then a different person flips out and another pulls him together. And then it happens again and again. We get the message the first time. It might be realistic, but not everything that could possibly happen has to end up on film.
Later in the film as the confrontation between Morse and Green heats up, the movie falls apart. Not much is believable and, even worse, we don't care.
Hopkins is a fine actor and his presence is almost enough to carry the film. Almost. His reluctant hero is credible and the transformation meaningful. The film would have worked better if he had to struggle alone.
Baldwin is usually at least adequate in his roles, but doesn't do well with what is admittedly a character without much to offer. It doesn't help that the adversarial relationship between the men is much less interesting than when they work together.
The rest of the actors have mere bit parts. MacPherson has shown some talent in other films, but here her function is the same as the mountains: something nice to look at.
The big star of the film is the extraordinarily beautiful scenery, but that's not enough to make it work. It would be nice to also have a plot that held our interest.
[This appeared in the 10/2/97 "Bloomington Voice", Bloomington, Indiana. Michael Redman can be reached at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>]
--<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


--- layout: example categories: example/v1.0.0 version: v1.0.0 title: Cycling through markers description: Automatically center and show markers in a loop. tags: - markers ---


My First Logo and Its Formula
Strictly speaking, this isn't really 100% my invention. I've got 90% of
the inspiration from the Anti Hentai Hentai Club T-Shirt. I still don't
know the true origin of the logo, but, from watching
Ricky and
Elliot's
Weekly Weird News
shows, I'm almost convinced it comes from some anime
You can make your own version of this T-Shirt too, you will only need to replace the "bullshit" or "hentai" for something that is bad, but, when taken jokingly, lightly or unseriously, is at least marginally positive. In the end, this logo is probably one of the most elementary templates for an oxymoron, so you can look for books or articles on this type of figure of speech if you want to conceive a better, literary version of the logo.
\[ Oxymoronic \ Logo = \textbf{ANTI} \ \texttt{<concept>} \ \texttt{<concept>} \ \textbf{CLUB} \]
With respect to the font, I'm not 100% sure what the original is. Using
Adobe Capture's Type functionality, the closest I could get was
Alverata Informal Black
I'm sharing my Adobe Illustrator file


>
Changes are first-class values in ProseMirror. You can hold on to them, and do things with them. Such as rebasing them across other changes, inverting them, or inspecting them to see what they did.

Note that, due to the implicit conflict resolution when moving changes across each other, outcomes of complicated reverts aren't always optimal.
The full source code for this demo is here.
Hover over commits to highlight the text they introduced.
Next demo: collaborative editing.
<


数据成员 |
|
| UINT32 | uwQueueID |
| Queue ID |
|
| UINT16 | usQueueLen |
| Queue length |
|
| UINT16 | usQueueSize |
| Node size |
|
| UINT16 | usQueueHead |
| Node head |
|
| UINT16 | usQueueTail |
| Node tail |
|
| UINT16 | usWritableCnt |
| Count of writable resources |
|
| UINT16 | usReadableCnt |
| Count of readable resources |
|
| UINT32 | uwWaitReadTask |
| Resource reading task |
|
| UINT32 | uwWaitWriteTask |
| Resource writing task |
|
| UINT32 | uwWaitMemTask |
| Memory task |
在文件los_queue.h第339行定义。


Stereotype Threat & Model Minority Myth
Reinforcing vs. Dismantling Stereotypes
November 15, 2014
I’ve grown up with the myth of the model minority looming over me, with every assignment I completed and every test I took. In fact, just the year before I was born, Times published as its cover story documenting The New Whiz Kids, which tells the tale of the exceptional academic excellence of Asian students, which itself is a broad term encapsulating the world’s largest and most populous continent, with the peoples of each country different and with the dynamics between each ethnicity largely unequal. However, this idea of the model minority dominated the academic climate in which I grew up and came of age.
In some moments, it probably helped push me towards success. Perhaps, it’s a self-fulfilling legacy. Or perhaps, the article was right in that Confucian principles set Asian kids up to succeed in this test-driven, grade-obsessed academic world. However, in other times, it was overbearing and difficult. When you’re expected to be some sort of ‘model minority’ who excelled at math, and computers, statistics and science, you’re set up for failure, to disappoint, to fall severely short of expectations.
On the other hand, the stereotype threat — a term coined by Claude M. Steele — is a concept with which the social psychologist uses to explain minority under-achievement. It is the stereotype-based expectation of poor performance. He examines why certain African American students performed more poorly than white students when all metrics pointed towards equality. He explains this difference through how an individual feels about confirming as self-characteristics the negative stereotypes of his or her social group. It is the marriage of the impostor syndrome and negative stereotypes.
When entering a new field or embarking on a new endeavor, most people already experience symptoms of the impostor syndrome. However, coupled with a climate where your intelligence, skills, or capabilities (not just in coding, but in athletics, or finance, or even in a social setting) is questioned on a regular basis by media, by colleagues, by everyday micro-aggressions, the effects are amplified. You begin to believe those ideas, at least on a subconscious level, are true. Granted, you can work hard to prove all the haters wrong, but as with all worthwhile challenges, we stumble, we fall, we encounter devastating failures. However, these failures, rather than becoming lessons with which we can grow and learn, become further evidence of our inferiority.
It functions as a self-fulfilling prophecy that reinforces the anxiety of being deemed inferior.
The model minority myth and the stereotype threat are two sides of the same coin. It is the reinforcement of stereotypes placed on certain social groups, perpetuated by media and encouraged by ignorance. It is the artificial paradigm that sets up certain groups to succeed and others to fail.
My Experience With Stereotypes
In coding, my stereotype actually predicts stellar performance - although in some ways, to my detriment. As an Asian and as a male, I actually fall into that stereotype that says I should be a whiz at this stuff - that I probably spent afternoons of my childhood, eyes glued to a screen, learning how to weave lines of code together. My reality couldn’t be further from the truth. While I was definitely a nerd in many different ways (I read a lot, I loved languages, and I sucked at sports), I was never quite the computer whiz these stereotypes perpetuate. With no programming experience, I’m starting from ground zero.
I feel that people have this expectation that I naturally know what I’m doing. And after working with me on certain challenges or even having a conversation, I feel that I haven’t fulfilled their expectations. Basically, #impostersyndrome.
However, as I made the leap to join DBC, the chorus of affirmations that I would excel at this “because I’m Asian" (at least, after the initial shock from those who know me well at me doing something “typical”) probably bolsters my confidence just a bit. At least, on a subconscious level. I can only imagine how my already-shaky confidence levels would fare after receiving negative feedback from others, questioning why I would be doing this and predicting my imminent failure - which essentially is what harmful negative stereotypes do.
I’m Asian, but I’m both Korean and Taiwanese (which is different from Chinese), which are different from one another, each armed with their own intra-East Asian stereotypes.  Some stereotypes I fulfill, but many, I don’t. I’m a yoga instructor and have a regular practice, but I also drink coffee and beer and sometimes, do things quite counter to the ideal “yogic lifestyle.” I’m an American, but when I’m abroad, I don’t look like one. I also don’t have the same conservative political leanings that those living in other countries believe all Americans espouse.
I’ve encountered friends and acquaintances from very different backgrounds - race and ethnicity, gender and gender expression, sexuality, socio-economic background, class, political leanings and nationality. Basically, many, many hyphenated identities.
And basically, what I’m trying to say is that I don’t live my live as a stereotype and neither do most people I know. We’re all an intersection of our social identities. Sometimes, we embody our stereotypes. Other times, we don’t.
But when social stereotypes fall upon minority groups, they’re no longer allowed to be individuals. They get defined by it. Thus, when someone attempts to break out of their stereotypes and act to challenges those ideas (such as try coding), they have a tiny voice in the back of their head, prodding, questioning, challenging them. This voice lives inside all of us, but for those who deal with the stereotype threat, that voice bellows.
Whoops, this ended up quite long. I tend to get into long-winded rants about these kinds of topics =P Can you tell I went to Berkeley? #


opycleid.categoryaction
This module defines the basic classes needed for building musical transformations.
CatObject
opycleid.categoryaction.CatObject(name,elements)
Defines a category object, which is simply a named finite set. Elements of the set are indexed internally from 0 to len(elements).
Arguments
- name: a string used to name the set.
- elements: a list of strings representing the elements of the set.
Methods
get_idx_by_name
get_idx_by_name(elem)
Returns the integer index associated with the element elem
. Raises an exception
if the element cannot be found.
get_name_by_idx
get_name_by_idx(idx)
Returns the element associated with the integer index idx
.
get_elements
get_elements()
Returns the list of elements contained in this set.
get_cardinality
get_cardinality()
Returns the cardinality of the set.
is_in
is_in(elem)
Returns True
if the element elem
is in the set.
CatMorphism
opycleid.categoryaction.CatMorphism(name,source,target,mapping=None)
Defines a category morphism between two category objects. It is defined by its source, its target, and a relation between the source sets and the target sets.
Arguments
- name: a string used to name the morphism.
- source: an instance of
opycleid.categoryaction.CatObject
representing the source of the morphism. - target: an instance of
opycleid.categoryaction.CatObject
representing the target of the morphism. - mapping: an optional argument representing the mapping between the source and the target. It can be given either in matrix form, as a NumPy array of booleans, or as a dictionary (see the
set_mapping
method for the structure of the dictionary).
Methods
set_name
set_name(name)
Sets the name of the morphism to name
.
set_to_identity
set_to_identity()
If the source and target are identical, sets the morphism to be the identity on this category object, i.e. the relation between the corresponding sets is the identity function.
set_mapping
set_mapping(mapping)
Defines the relation between the source sets and the target sets. The argument mapping
should be a dictionary, whose keys are elements in the source set, and whose values are lists of elements in the target set corresponding to the images of the source elements by the given relation.
set_mapping_matrix
set_mapping_matrix(matrix)
Defines the relation between the source sets and the target sets using a matrix description. The argument mapping
should be a NumPy array of type bool
. The rows of this matrix corresponds to the elements of the target sets, and the columns corresponds to the elements of the source sets, in both cases indexed as in the corresponding CatObject
. Use only if you are sure about the correspondence between elements and element indices.
get_mapping
get_mapping()
Returns the relation defined by this morphism as a dictionary, whose keys are elements in the source set, and whose values are lists of elements in the target set corresponding to the images of the source elements.
get_mapping_matrix
get_mapping_matrix()
Returns the relation defined by this morphism as a NumPy array of type bool
.
str
Overloads Python str
to return a string description of the morphism, including its source, target, and the relation between them.
call
Makes the current instance callable.
A typical use is CatMorphism(elem)
where elem
is a string representing an element in the source set.
Returns a list of images in the target set.
mul
Overloads the *
operator in order to represent morphism composition.
A typical use is CatMorphism_2 * CatMorphism_1
.
If the target of CatMorphism_1
is identical to the source of CatMorphism_2
, this returns the corresponding composite morphism.
Otherwise, the two morphisms are not composable and it returns None
.
pow
Overloads the **
operator in order to represent morphism iterated multiplication.
A typical use is CatMorphism ** int
.
If CatMorphism
is an endomorphism, i.e. its target is the same object as its source, this returns the corresponding iterated morphism. Otherwise, an exception will be raised.
eq
Overloads the ==
operator in order to check for morphism equality.
A typical use is CatMorphism_2 == CatMorphism_1
.
Returns True
if the sources, targets, and relations of both morphisms are equal.
le
Overloads the <=
operator in order to check for morphism inclusion.
A typical use is CatMorphism_2 <= CatMorphism_1
.
Returns True
if the sources, and targets of both morphisms are equal, and if the relation of CatMorphism_2
is equal or included in the relation of CatMorphism_1
.
lt
Overloads the <
operator in order to check for strict morphism inclusion.
A typical use is CatMorphism_2 < CatMorphism_1
.
Returns True
if the sources, and targets of both morphisms are equal, and if the relation of CatMorphism_2
is non-trivially included in the relation of CatMorphism_1
(i.e. it is included but not equal).
CategoryAction
opycleid.categoryaction.CategoryAction(objects=None,generators=None,generate=True)
Defines a category action object, i.e. a faithful functor , where is a small category, and is the 2-category of finite sets and relations. Instances of this class store internally
- a dictionary of
opycleid.categoryaction.CatObject
instances, indexed by their name - a dictionary of
opycleid.categoryaction.CatMorphism
instances, indexed by their name, corresponding to the generators of the category, - a dictionary of
opycleid.categoryaction.CatMorphism
instances, indexed by their name, corresponding to all the operations of the category.
Arguments
- objects: optional argument. A list of
opycleid.categoryaction.CatObject
instances with distinct names representing the objects in the category. - generators: optional argument. A list of
opycleid.categoryaction.CatMorphism
instances with distinct names (an exception will be raised if this is not the case) representing the generators of the category. - generate: boolean, optional argument. If objects and generators are given at instantiation, specifies whether the category should immediately be generated.
Methods
set_objects
set_objects(list_objects)
The argument list_objects
should be a list of opycleid.categoryaction.CatObject
instances. Calling this method stores the CatObject
instances
in the internal dictionary, and resets the generators and operations of the category.
The objects must have distinct elements and names; an exception will be raised if this is not the case.
get_objects()
get_objects()
Returns the objects in this category, as a list of tuples (String,CatObject)
, where the CatObject
instance is an object of the category, and String
corresponds to its name.
set_generators
set_generators(list_morphisms)
The argument list_morphisms
should be a list of opycleid.categoryaction.CatMorphism
instances with distinct names (an exception will be raised if this is not the case). Calling this method will erase the previous internal dictionaries of generators and morphisms (but not objects). The internal dictionary of generators is then updated with the instances of list_morphisms
.
generate_category
generate_category()
Generates the category from the internal dictionary of generators. This means that for any operation and any generator of this category, the composite operation will be added to the internal dictionary of operations, if not already present, until the generation is complete.
get_generators()
get_generators()
Returns the objects in this category, as a list of tuples (String,CatMorphism)
, where the CatMorphism
instance is a generator morphism of the category, and String
corresponds to its name.
get_morphisms()
get_morphisms()
Returns the objects in this category, as a list of tuples (String,CatMorphism)
, where the CatMorphism
instance is a morphism of the category, and String
corresponds to its name.
rename_operation
rename_operation(name,new_name)
The arguments name
and new_name
are the name of a category operation, and the specified new name respectively.
Renames an operation in the category.
rewrite_operations
rewrite_operations()
Rewrite/simplify operation names in the category. Calling this method will examine all operation names, trying to identify repeated instances of the names of the generators, and simplifying them to "([name]^p)" where p is the corresponding power.
mult
mult(operation_2,operation_1)
The arguments operation_2
and operation_1
are the names of category operations.
Returns the name of the composite operation if present.
If operation_2
and operation_1
are not composable, returns None
.
apply_operation
apply_operation(name,elem)
The argument name
is the name of a category operation, and the argument elem
is an element in its source set.
Returns the images of elem
by the category operation with name name
.
get_operation
get_operation(elem_1,elem_2)
The arguments elem_1
and elem_2
are elements in the objects of the category.
Returns all the operations in the category such that elem_2
is the image of elem_1
by .
get_description
get_description(name)
Returns a string description of the morphism with name name
.
get_automorphisms
get_automorphisms()
Computes the automorphisms of the category of the current category action .
Returns a list of CategoryFunctor
instances, each one corresponding to an automorphism .
In the current implementation, calling this method enumerates every mapping from the generators to the morphisms. It is not optimized, and therefore should not be used for large category actions.
MonoidAction
opycleid.categoryaction.MonoidAction()
Defines a monoid action object, i.e. a faithful functor ,
where is a single-object category, and is the 2-category of finite sets and relations.
This class inherits from opycleid.categoryaction.CategoryAction
, and implements methods specific to the case of monoids and groups.
Methods
set_objects
set_objects(list_objects)
This method is the same as the one in opycleid.categoryaction.CategoryAction
, except that only a single instance of opycleid.categoryaction.CatObject
is allowed in the list list_objects
.
get_object
get_object()
Returns the single object of the monoid action as a tuple (String,CatObject)
, where the CatObject
instance is the single object of the monoid, and String
corresponds to its name. This is equivalent to get_objects()[0]
.
is_simplytransitive
is_simplytransitive()
Checks if the monoid acts simply transitively. Return True
if it does.
element_Rclass
element_Rclass(operation)
The argument operation
should be the name of an operation in the monoid. Generates the R class for the specified operation.
Note: for a given morphism , i.e. the R class is the set of all such that we have for Green's relation, i.e. if where is the monoid.
element_Lclass
element_Lclass(operation)
The argument operation
should be the name of an operation in the monoid. Generates the L class for the specified operation.
Note: for a given morphism , i.e. the L class is the set of all such that we have for Green's relation, i.e. if where is the monoid.
get_Rclasses
get_Rclasses()
Returns all R classes in this monoid as a list of lists, each list being an R class.
get_Lclasses
get_Lclasses()
Returns all L classes in this monoid as a list of lists, each list being an L class.
get_leftIdeals
get_leftIdeals()
Returns all left ideals in this monoid as a list of lists, each list being a left ideal. A left ideal is a subset of the monoid, such that for any operation in the monoid, is included in .
get_rightIdeals
get_rightIdeals()
Returns all right ideals in this monoid as a list of lists, each list being a right ideal. A right ideal is a subset of the monoid, such that for any operation in the monoid, is included in .
is_leftIdeal
is_leftIdeal(S)
Returns True
if the subset is a left ideal in the monoid.
is_rightIdeal
is_rightIdeal(S)
Returns True
if the subset is a right ideal in the monoid.
CategoryFunctor
opycleid.categoryaction.CategoryFunctor(cat_action_source,cat_action_target)
A CategoryFunctor
instance represents a functor between the categories and corresponding to the category actions and .
It is instantiated by specifying two instances cat_action_source
and cat_action_target
of opycleid.categoryaction.CategoryAction
, i.e. the domain and codomain of the functor .
Methods
set_fullmapping
set_fullmapping(object_mapping,morphism_mapping)
Sets the mapping of morphisms and objects between the domain and codomain category actions. The method checks that the given mappings are valid, i.e. that
- for every morphism of , the image morphism by is a morphism from to .
- for every morphisms of , we have .
The arguments of this method are as follows.
object_mapping
is a dictionary, the keys of which are object names in the source category action, the values of which are object names in the target category action.morphism_mapping
is a dictionary, the keys of which are morphism names in the source category action, the values of which are morphism names in the target category action.
Returns True
if the given mappings are valid, False
otherwise.
set_fullmapping
set_from_generator_mapping(gen_mapping)
Sets the mapping of morphisms and objects between the domain and codomain category actions from a mapping of the generators of the source category action.
The argument gen_mapping
is a dictionary, the keys of which are generator names in the source category action, the values of which are morphism names in the target category action. The full mapping of objects and morphisms is deduced from the generator mapping.
The method checks that the given generator mapping is valid, and returns True
if this is case, False
otherwise.
get_image_object
get_image_object(object_name)
Returns the image of an object of the source category action by the category functor. The argument object_name
is a string representing the name of an object in the source category of this functor. A string representing the image of object_name
in the target category action of this functor is returned.
get_image_morphism
get_image_morphism(morphism_name)
Returns the image of a morphism of the source category action by the category functor. The argument morphism_name
is a string representing the name of a morphism in the source category of this functor. A string representing the image of morphism_name
in the target category action of this functor is returned.
get_object_mapping
get_object_mapping()
Returns the full mapping of objects by the category functor as a dictionary.
get_morphism_mapping
get_morphism_mapping()
Returns the full mapping of morphisms by the category functor as a dictionary.
--
is_valid
is_valid()
Checks if the category functor is a valid one, returns True
if this is case, False
otherwise.
--
is_automorphism
is_automorphism()
Checks if the category functor is an automorphism, i.e. the source and target categories are identical, and the mapping of objects and morphisms is bijective. Returns True
if this is case, False
otherwise.
mul
Overloads the *
operator in order to represent category functor composition.
A typical use is CategoryFunctor_2 * CategoryFunctor_1
.
If the target category of CategoryFunctor_1
is identical to the source category of CategoryFunctor_2
, this returns the corresponding composite functor.
Otherwise, the two functors are not composable and an exception will be raised.
eq
Overloads the ==
operator in order to represent category functor equality.
A typical use is CategoryFunctor_2 == CategoryFunctor_1
.
Returns True
if this the mapping of objects and morphisms are identical, False
otherwise.
call
Makes the current instance callable.
A typical use is CategoryFunctor(x)
, where x
is either an object name, or a morphism name, and returns the corresponding image.
It is a practical shorthand for get_image_object
or get_image_morphism
CategoryActionFunctor
opycleid.categoryaction.CategoryActionFunctor(cat_action_source,cat_action_target,cat_functor,nat_transform)
A CategoryActionFunctor
instance represents a morphism between two category actions and . Such a morphism is the data of a pair where
- is a functor from to , and
- is a lax natural transformation from to .
It is instantiated by specifying
- two instances
cat_action_source
andcat_action_target
ofopycleid.categoryaction.CategoryAction
, i.e. the domain and codomain of the functor , - an instance
cat_functor
ofopycleid.categoryaction.CategoryFunctor
representing the functor , and - a dictionary
nat_transform
representing the natural transformation . The keys of this dictionary are object names in the source category action , the values are instances ofopycleid.categoryactionCatMorphism
from the object to their images.
Methods
is_valid
is_valid()
Checks if the category action functor is a valid one, i.e. that
- the functor is a valid one, and
- the lax natural transformation is valid, i.e. that for any morphism in the source category action, the relation is included in the relation .
Returns True
if the category action functor is a valid one, False
otherwise.
mul
Overloads the *
operator in order to represent category action functor composition.
A typical use is CategoryActionFunctor_2 * CategoryActionFunctor_1
.
If the target category action of CategoryActionFunctor_1
is identical to the source category action of CategoryActionFunctor_2
, this returns the corresponding composite category action functor, corresponding to the data of
Otherwise, the two category action functors are not composable and an exception will be raised.
eq
Overloads the ==
operator in order to represent category action functor equality.
A typical use is CategoryActionFunctor_2 == CategoryActionFunctor_1
.
Returns True
if this both the category functor and the natural transformation are equal, False
otherwise.


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You may be able to get help with the cost of visiting a close relative or partner in prison if you’re aged over 18, are on certain benefits or have a low income.
Eligibility
Relationship
Relationship
You may be eligible if you're the prisoner’s:
Close relative
Close relative means: wife, husband, civil partner, mother, father, sister, brother, son, daughter, grandparent or adoptive step/half brother/sister, stepchild or stepparent or someone who was in loco parentis for a significant period during the prisoner’s childhood.
Partner
A partner means a person with whom the prisoner was living, as a couple, in an established relationship, immediately before the period of remand or imprisonment was imposed.
Any children living within the family unit are also eligible to receive assistance.
Sole visitor
A sole visitor is someone who is not a close relative or partner but is the prisoner’s only visitor during a four week period immediately before the date of the first assisted visit.
Escort to a qualifying child or young person
There are two types of escort to a prisoner’s child/children:
- Carer
- A person authorised to escort the child/children on someone’s behalf
1. Carer
If you're the guardian to the prisoner’s child/children, and you receive a qualifying low income benefit, you may be able to claim as an escort.
You'll need to provide:
- Birth Certificate for child/children being escorted
- Proof of receipt of a qualifying benefit (e.g. Child Tax Credit award)
2. Authorised Person
If you're not a relative, partner or guardian, but have permission to take the prisoner’s child/children to make a visit, you may be able to claim as an escort.
You do not need to receive a qualifying low income benefit, but the child/children’s parent or guardian must receive a qualifying benefit for them.
You'll need to provide:
- A letter of permission from the child/children’s parent or guardian
- Birth Certificate for child/children being escorted
- Proof of receipt of a qualifying benefit (e.g. Child Tax Credit award)
Escort to a qualifying adult
Adult visitors may qualify for an escort.
The escort must complete an application form and wherever possible it should be sent to us at the same time as the visitors form.
A return journey between the home of the escort and qualifying visitor is payable subject to a maximum rate.
Where a car journey is being claimed, the total mileage allowance will normally be paid to the qualifying visitor unless advised otherwise. The volunteer driver rate only applies if the escort isn’t going into the visit.
Income/Benefits
You may be eligible if you have a relationship with the prisoner (as defined above), and if you (or someone on your behalf) are in receipt of one of the following:
Income Support
We confirm with the Department for Work and Pensions which benefit you receive and carry out regular checks.
Jobseeker’s Allowance (Income based)
We confirm with the Department for Work and Pensions which benefit you receive and carry out regular checks.
Employment and Support Allowance (Income related)
We confirm with the Department for Work and Pensions which benefit you receive and carry out regular checks.
Universal Credit (and you earn less than £1,250 a month)
An original award notice must be sent to us when you first claim and you must send us a new award notice every four months after that. An income limit applies.
Working Tax credits or Child tax credit with disability
To qualify you must be in receipt of one of the following:
- Child Tax Credit
- The disability element in Working Tax Credit
- Working Tax Credit with Child Tax Credit
In each case the gross household income as shown on the tax credit award notice must not exceed a published limit.
The original award notice must be sent to us when first applying and thereafter when a when a new or amended award notice is issued.
Pension Credit
Recipients of Pension Credit are entitled to assisted prison visits subject to meeting the relationship criteria.
The original award notice must be sent to us when first applying and thereafter when a when a new or amended award notice is issued.
Health Certificate (HC2 or HC3)
The original certificate must be sent to us when first applying and thereafter when a when a new or amended certificate is issued.
Assisted prison visits may be backdated up to three months prior to the commencement of the health certificate, subject to meeting all other conditions.
The contribution shown on the HC3 certificate for travel to receive NHS treatment is deducted from the assisted prison visit payment. The application form for a HC certificate is available from APVU.
Check your eligibility
Before apply for assited Prison visits you can check your eligibility.
Check your eligibilityStart your application
Before you apply, you’ll need to have:
- Your National Insurance number
- Prisoner’s number and name of the Prison
Other ways to apply
You can apply by filling in a paper form instead.
You'll need to complete the paper form and send it to the address on the form to get help with travel costs.


The java.io package contains nearly every class you might ever need to perform input and output (I/O) in Java. All these streams represent an input source and an output destination. The stream in the java.io package supports many data such as primitives, object, localized characters, etc.
A stream can be defined as a sequence of data. There are two kinds of Streams −
InPutStream − The InputStream is used to read data from a source.
OutPutStream − The OutputStream is used for writing data to a destination.
Java provides strong but flexible support for I/O related to files and networks but this tutorial covers very basic functionality related to streams and I/O. We will see the most commonly used examples one by one −
Java byte streams are used to perform input and output of 8-bit bytes. Though there are many classes related to byte streams but the most frequently used classes are, FileInputStream and FileOutputStream. Following is an example which makes use of these two classes to copy an input file into an output file −
Example
import java.io.*; public class CopyFile { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { FileInputStream in = null; FileOutputStream out = null; try { in = new FileInputStream("input.txt"); out = new FileOutputStream("output.txt"); int c; while ((c = in.read()) != -1) { out.write(c); } }finally { if (in != null) { in.close(); } if (out != null) { out.close(); } } } }
Now let's have a file input.txt with the following content −
This is test for copy file.
As a next step, compile the above program and execute it, which will result in creating output.txt file with the same content as we have in input.txt. So let's put the above code in CopyFile.java file and do the following −
$javac CopyFile.java $java CopyFile
Java Byte streams are used to perform input and output of 8-bit bytes, whereas Java Character streams are used to perform input and output for 16-bit unicode. Though there are many classes related to character streams but the most frequently used classes are, FileReader and FileWriter. Though internally FileReader uses FileInputStream and FileWriter uses FileOutputStream but here the major difference is that FileReader reads two bytes at a time and FileWriter writes two bytes at a time.
We can re-write the above example, which makes the use of these two classes to copy an input file (having unicode characters) into an output file −
Example
import java.io.*; public class CopyFile { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { FileReader in = null; FileWriter out = null; try { in = new FileReader("input.txt"); out = new FileWriter("output.txt"); int c; while ((c = in.read()) != -1) { out.write(c); } }finally { if (in != null) { in.close(); } if (out != null) { out.close(); } } } }
Now let's have a file input.txt with the following content −
This is test for copy file.
As a next step, compile the above program and execute it, which will result in creating output.txt file with the same content as we have in input.txt. So let's put the above code in CopyFile.java file and do the following −
$javac CopyFile.java $java CopyFile
All the programming languages provide support for standard I/O where the user's program can take input from a keyboard and then produce an output on the computer screen. If you are aware of C or C++ programming languages, then you must be aware of three standard devices STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR. Similarly, Java provides the following three standard streams −
Standard Input − This is used to feed the data to user's program and usually a keyboard is used as standard input stream and represented as System.in.
Standard Output − This is used to output the data produced by the user's program and usually a computer screen is used for standard output stream and represented as System.out.
Standard Error − This is used to output the error data produced by the user's program and usually a computer screen is used for standard error stream and represented as System.err.
Following is a simple program, which creates InputStreamReader to read standard input stream until the user types a "q" −
Example
import java.io.*; public class ReadConsole { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { InputStreamReader cin = null; try { cin = new InputStreamReader(System.in); System.out.println("Enter characters, 'q' to quit."); char c; do { c = (char) cin.read(); System.out.print(c); } while(c != 'q'); }finally { if (cin != null) { cin.close(); } } } }
Let's keep the above code in ReadConsole.java file and try to compile and execute it as shown in the following program. This program continues to read and output the same character until we press 'q' −
$javac ReadConsole.java $java ReadConsole Enter characters, 'q' to quit. 1 1 e e q q
As described earlier, a stream can be defined as a sequence of data. The InputStream is used to read data from a source and the OutputStream is used for writing data to a destination.
Here is a hierarchy of classes to deal with Input and Output streams.
The two important streams are FileInputStream and FileOutputStream, which would be discussed in this tutorial.
This stream is used for reading data from the files. Objects can be created using the keyword new and there are several types of constructors available.
Following constructor takes a file name as a string to create an input stream object to read the file −
InputStream f = new FileInputStream("C:/java/hello");
Following constructor takes a file object to create an input stream object to read the file. First we create a file object using File() method as follows −
File f = new File("C:/java/hello"); InputStream f = new FileInputStream(f);
Once you have InputStream object in hand, then there is a list of helper methods which can be used to read to stream or to do other operations on the stream.
| Sr.No. | Method & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | public void close() throws IOException{} This method closes the file output stream. Releases any system resources associated with the file. Throws an IOException. |
| 2 | protected void finalize()throws IOException {} This method cleans up the connection to the file. Ensures that the close method of this file output stream is called when there are no more references to this stream. Throws an IOException. |
| 3 | public int read(int r)throws IOException{} This method reads the specified byte of data from the InputStream. Returns an int. Returns the next byte of data and -1 will be returned if it's the end of the file. |
| 4 | public int read(byte[] r) throws IOException{} This method reads r.length bytes from the input stream into an array. Returns the total number of bytes read. If it is the end of the file, -1 will be returned. |
| 5 | public int available() throws IOException{} Gives the number of bytes that can be read from this file input stream. Returns an int. |
There are other important input streams available, for more detail you can refer to the following links −
FileOutputStream is used to create a file and write data into it. The stream would create a file, if it doesn't already exist, before opening it for output.
Here are two constructors which can be used to create a FileOutputStream object.
Following constructor takes a file name as a string to create an input stream object to write the file −
OutputStream f = new FileOutputStream("C:/java/hello")
Following constructor takes a file object to create an output stream object to write the file. First, we create a file object using File() method as follows −
File f = new File("C:/java/hello"); OutputStream f = new FileOutputStream(f);
Once you have OutputStream object in hand, then there is a list of helper methods, which can be used to write to stream or to do other operations on the stream.
| Sr.No. | Method & Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | public void close() throws IOException{} This method closes the file output stream. Releases any system resources associated with the file. Throws an IOException. |
| 2 | protected void finalize()throws IOException {} This method cleans up the connection to the file. Ensures that the close method of this file output stream is called when there are no more references to this stream. Throws an IOException. |
| 3 | public void write(int w)throws IOException{} This methods writes the specified byte to the output stream. |
| 4 | public void write(byte[] w) Writes w.length bytes from the mentioned byte array to the OutputStream. |
There are other important output streams available, for more detail you can refer to the following links −
Example
Following is the example to demonstrate InputStream and OutputStream −
import java.io.*; public class fileStreamTest { public static void main(String args[]) { try { byte bWrite [] = {11,21,3,40,5}; OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("test.txt"); for(int x = 0; x < bWrite.length ; x++) { os.write( bWrite[x] ); // writes the bytes } os.close(); InputStream is = new FileInputStream("test.txt"); int size = is.available(); for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) { System.out.print((char)is.read() + " "); } is.close(); }catch(IOException e) { System.out.print("Exception"); } } }
The above code would create file test.txt and would write given numbers in binary format. Same would be the output on the stdout screen.
There are several other classes that we would be going through to get to know the basics of File Navigation and I/O.
A directory is a File which can contain a list of other files and directories. You use File object to create directories, to list down files available in a directory. For complete detail, check a list of all the methods which you can call on File object and what are related to directories.
There are two useful File utility methods, which can be used to create directories −
The mkdir( ) method creates a directory, returning true on success and false on failure. Failure indicates that the path specified in the File object already exists, or that the directory cannot be created because the entire path does not exist yet.
The mkdirs() method creates both a directory and all the parents of the directory.
Following example creates "/tmp/user/java/bin" directory −
Example
import java.io.File; public class CreateDir { public static void main(String args[]) { String dirname = "/tmp/user/java/bin"; File d = new File(dirname); // Create directory now. d.mkdirs(); } }
Compile and execute the above code to create "/tmp/user/java/bin".
Note − Java automatically takes care of path separators on UNIX and Windows as per conventions. If you use a forward slash (/) on a Windows version of Java, the path will still resolve correctly.
You can use list( ) method provided by File object to list down all the files and directories available in a directory as follows −
Example
import java.io.File; public class ReadDir { public static void main(String[] args) { File file = null; String[] paths; try { // create new file object file = new File("/tmp"); // array of files and directory paths = file.list(); // for each name in the path array for(String path:paths) { // prints filename and directory name System.out.println(path); } }catch(Exception e) { // if any error occurs e.printStackTrace(); } } }
This will produce the following result based on the directories and files available in your /tmp directory −
Output
test1.txt test2.txt ReadDir.java ReadDir.class


WHAWTY auth
Log In
WHAWTY auth - Admin Interface
logged in as
UNKNOWN
, role
UNKNOWN
Log Out
New Password for
...


{{{edit-button 'writing_web.html' 'section'}}} {{#markdown}} ## Web content: creating and editing This page will tell you who creates content, where you must go to create or edit content, and how to use the editors. ### Buttons, links, readmore [Add content on when to use each] ### Who creates content on the EMBL-EBI website?


| Getting Started |
Right after finishing the installation process, select START->Programs->PopUp Killer->PopUp Killer, and it will appear in your tray area as yellow lightning icon (), (see figure 1)
PopUp Killer uses the icon in the tray area to show its current state, depending on various conditions:
Figure 1Disabled
When PopUp Killer is disabled it will not monitor your system for possible popups.
Enabled
In this mode PopUp Killer is constantly monitoring for popups and closing those that are recognize by either the black list, the Smart! engine or the Limit mode.
Temporarily Disabled
You can temporarily disable PopUp Killer by holding the CTRL key down.
Killing
Every time PopUp Killer kills a popup it turns red...


Ohio village mayor's race once again decided by coin flip
by EndPlayCANTON, Ohio (AP) - The mayor's race in an Ohio village has once again been decided by a coin flip.
The Canton Repository reports Travis Boyd's call of heads Thursday at the Stark County Board of Elections has won him a seat as mayor of Magnolia for the next four years.
An election Nov. 5 left Boyd and opponent Grant Downes tied at 147 votes each. The two men shook hands after the flip.
"It's a giant relief, to tell you the truth, that this is over for sure," Boyd said.
Downes took the defeat in stride while acknowledging the final result was disappointing.
"We're all competitive," he said. "But it's still going to be a good outcome. Travis is going to do a good job for us."
The men ran for the position after longtime Mayor Robert Leach decided not to seek reelection. Leach was elected the Magnolia mayor in 1979 after winning, that's right, a coin flip. He ran unopposed for his next nine terms.
Magnolia's population is just under 1,000 people. It's roughly 70 miles (120 kilometers) south of Cleveland.


Dashboard
Dashboard
Functionalities
Sell
Buy
Lists of Available Assets
Owner
Name
Type
Area
No of Token Available
Price per Token
Select
CheckOut with Details


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The Pequod
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Agriculture Development Program |
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CNxtimateDestroy Movie IndustryDaily Collection Change -139,157
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Central Intelligence Agency |
1
CNxtimateDestroy CIA No info on this item at the moment
|
National Environment Office |
0
|
|
Disaster Relief Agency |
1
CNxtimateDestroy Disaster Relief AgencyPopulation Change -2,126Daily Collection Change -142,191
|
National Research Lab |
1
CNxtimateDestroy National Research LabPopulation Change -3,475Daily Collection Change -232,478
|
|
Fallout Shelter System |
0
|
National War Memorial |
1
CNxtimateDestroy War MemorialDaily Collection Change -185,543
|
|
Federal Aid Commission |
0
|
Nuclear Power Plant |
0
|
|
Foreign Air Force Base |
0
|
Pentagon |
1
CNxtimateDestroy Pentagon No info on this item at the moment
|
|
Great Monument |
1
CNxtimateDestroy Great MonumentDaily Collection Change -185,543Change If Citizens Are Unhappy With Gov: -231,929
|
Scientific Development Center |
0
|
|
Great Temple |
1
CNxtimateDestroy Great TempleDaily Collection Change -231,929Change If Citizens Are Unhappy With Religion -289,911
|
Social Security System |
1
CNxtimateDestroy Social Security SystemDaily Collection Change -309,705 This assumes that your current tax rate is 30%, and it is changed to 28% after deleting this wonder.
|
|
Great University |
1
CNxtimateDestroy Great UniversityDaily Collection Change -223,823
|
Space Program |
1
CNxtimateDestroy Space ProgramDaily Collection Change -139,157
|
|
Hidden Nuclear Missile Silo |
0
|
Strategic Defense Initiative |
1
CNxtimateDestroy SDI No info on this item at the moment
|
| Internet |
1
CNxtimateDestroy InternetDaily Collection Change -231,929
|
Stock Market |
1
CNxtimateDestroy Stock MarketDaily Collection Change -254,867
|
|
Interstate System |
1
CNxtimateDestroy Interstate SystemTotal discount on the next 10 infrastructure: -254,410Bill Change Effect on Daily Income -211,664
|
Universal Health Care |
0
|
|
Manhattan Project |
1
|
Weapons Research Complex |
1
CNxtimateDestroy Weapons No info on this item at the moment
|


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Meg is a PhD student in HCDE and a qualitative analyst with the VA Medical Center in Seattle. She is interested in electronic health records transitions, and in particular the top-down/bottom-up power dynamics between high-level stakeholders and end users. Meg is also a speech therapist by training with over 10 years clinical and health service research experience.


Waiting for the final count in close election races
It's getting closer to the end of the election for candidates whose races were close election night Nov. 5.
There are five close races in Erie County, including the supervisor's race in Lancaster and council races in Amherst, Orchard Park, Aurora and the City of Tonawanda.
The Erie County Board of Elections will rule on any challenges to absentee ballots Tuesday, and then will start opening absentee ballots.
Absentee ballots were due Monday. There are more than 5,000 of them countywide, according to Elections Commissioner Ralph Mohr.
The Board of Elections will start the final canvass of all the elections Wednesday. But elections commissioners will concentrate on those where the outcome was in doubt.
"We usually start with the close races," Mohr said. "We're going to see what happens with the absentee count."
It's likely votes will be counted in Amherst first. That's where 48 votes separate Republican Joseph A. Spino Jr. and Democrat Michael R. Szukala for the second seat on the Town Board. Spino leads, 12,838-12,790.
Forty-eight votes also separate the candidates in the City of Tonawanda Third Ward councilman's race. Former Councilman Sean M. Rautenstrauch, a Democrat, is leading former Republican Mayor Ronald J. Pilozzi, 469-421.
The closest race in Erie County is for the second seat on the Aurora Town Board, with two Democrats just 14 votes apart. Luke E. Wochensky had the unofficial lead over James F. Granville, 2,085-2,071.
In Lancaster, two Town Board members are vying to succeed retiring Supervisor Johanna Coleman. Democrat Ronald Ruffino is leading Republican Dawn Gaczewski, 5,830-5,707.
In Orchard Park, newcomer Conor Flynn, a Democrat, holds a 91-vote lead over incumbent Republican Councilman Michael Sherry for a seat on the Town Board. The unofficial tally from election night is 4,203-4,112.
"I have found the absentee vote usually mirrors quite clearly the general election vote," said Amherst GOP Chairman Brian D. Rusk.


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