+
2nd Year Courses
CSCB07: Software Design
An introduction to software design and development concepts, methods, and tools, using a statically-typed object-oriented language such as Java. Topics from: version control, build management, unit testing, refactoring, object oriented design and development, design
patterns and advanced IDE usage.
CSCB09: Software Tools and Systems Programming
Software techniques in a Unix-style environment, using scripting languages and a machine-oriented programming language (typically C). What goes on in the system when programs are executed. Core topics: creating and using software tools, pipes and filters, file processing,
shell programming, processes, system calls, signals, basic network programming.
CSCB36: Introduction to the Theory of Computation
Mathematical induction with emphasis on applications relevant to computer science. Aspects of mathematical logic, correctness proofs for iterative and recursive algorithms, solutions of linear and divide-and-conquer recurrences, introduction to automata and formal languages.
CSCB58: Computer Organization
Principles of the design and operation of digital computers. Binary data representation and manipulation, Boolean logic, components of computer systems, memory technology, peripherals, structure of a CPU, assembly languages, instruction execution, and addressing techniques.
There are a number of laboratory periods in which students conduct experiments with digital logic circuits.
CSCB63: Design and Analysis of Data Structures
Design, analysis, implementation and comparison of efficient data structures for common abstract data types. Priority queues: heaps and mergeable heaps. Dictionaries: balanced binary search trees, B-trees, hashing. Amortization: data structures for managing dynamic tables
and disjoint sets. Data structures for representing graphs. Graph searches.
MATB24: Linear Algebra II
Fields, vector spaces over a field, linear transformations; inner product spaces, coordinatization and change of basis; diagonalizability, orthogonal transformations, invariant subspaces, Cayley-Hamilton theorem; hermitian inner product, normal, self-adjoint and unitary operations.
Some applications such as the method of least squares and introduction to coding theory.
STAB52: An Introduction to Probability
A mathematical treatment of probability. The topics covered include: the probability model, density and distribution functions, computer generation of random variables, conditional probability, expectation, sampling distributions, weak law of large numbers, central limit theorem,
Monte Carlo methods, Markov chains, Poisson processes, simulation, applications. A computer package will be used.
STAB57: An Introduction to Statistics
A mathematical treatment of the theory of statistics. The topics covered include: the statistical model, data collection, descriptive statistics, estimation, confidence intervals and P-values, likelihood inference methods, distribution-free methods, bootstrapping, Bayesian methods,
relationship among variables, contingency tables, regression, ANOVA, logistic regression, applications. A computer package will be used.


ZwWdP am 1. März 2011
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Zeit |
Interpret |
Titel |
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20 Uhr |
Super Furry Animals |
Something 4 The Weekend |
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Beady Eye |
The Beat Goes On |
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The Candle Thieves |
Sharks And Bears |
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Ben Folds Five |
Mess |
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The Thousands |
MTSES III |
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Weldon Irvine |
What's Going On |
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Andy Lewis |
What Can I Say |
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kakkmaddafakka |
Restless |
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Air France |
June Evenings |
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Resonance |
OK Chicago |
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Gorillaz |
Detroit |
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Toro Y Moi |
Go With You |
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The Apples In Stereo |
Shine A Light |
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Ashley Park |
Take your shoes off |
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Indian Vibes |
Mathar |
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21 Uhr |
Manfred Mann's Earthband |
Blinded By The Light |
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Gorillaz |
Revolving Doors |
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Tony Christie |
Nobody In The World |
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Chapel Club |
Roads |
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Benny Sings |
Unconditional Love |
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Nylon Rhythm Machine |
Vanilla |
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Mister Fusty |
Empty Chairs |
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Air |
Run |
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Bela |
Love Lane |
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The Herbaliser |
Funny |
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Goro Ito |
Captain Coo With A Butterfly |
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Scritti Politti |
A Place We Both Belong |
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Malachai |
Rainbows |
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Bleu |
Ya Catch More Flies With Honey Than Vinegar |
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22 Uhr |
Pale Saints |
Kinky Love |
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The Gentle People |
Emotion Heater |
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Johnny Dankworth |
Life Is A Wheel |
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The Poppy Family |
You Took My Moonlight Away |
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The Herbaliser |
Road Of Many Signs (Speechless) |
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Erdmöbel |
Der blaue Himmel |
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Rare Bird |
Sympathy |
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Basil Kirchin |
Primitive London 2 |
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Keren Ann |
Run With You |
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Noonday Underground |
Closing Time |
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Classics IV |
Every Day With You Girl |
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The Zombies |
The Look Of Love |
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Bela |
Untitled Bonus Track |
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Stevie Wonder |
Encore Jam |
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The Herbaliser |
Moon sequence |


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Figure 1
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Precipitation extremes may be underestimated, leading to mis ... |
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Figure 2
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Concatenating MICE, justifiable owing to identical physics, ... |
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Figure 3
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Reducing the irreducible uncertainty for impact and adaptati ... |
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Figure 4
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Mechanistic rationale and statistical justification of uncer ... |


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{% extends "task_base.html" %}
{% block action_completed_info %}
{% if action.member.approval_status != "rejected" %}
Action Completion Status
Thank you for submitting your response.
An administrator is reviewing your response.
Come back soon to see your new total points.
{% else %}
Action Completion Status
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submission.
Please try again by pressing the 'I will try again' button below.
{% if action.member.admin_comment %}
Here is the comment:


Calculates the median of already grouped data given the interval ranges and the frequencies of each group.
grouped_median(frequencies, intervals, sep = NULL, trim = NULL)
| frequencies | A vector of frequencies. |
|---|---|
| intervals | A 2-column |
| sep | Optional character that separates lower and uppper class
boundaries if |
| trim | Optional leading or trailing characters to trim from the
character vector being used for |
A single numeric value representing the grouped median.
The following forumla is used to calculate the grouped median:
$$M = L +\frac{\frac{n}{2}-cf}{f} \times c$$
L = The lower boundary of the median class
n = The sum of the frequencies
cf = The cumulative frequency of the class below the median class
f = The frequency of the median class
c = The length of the median class
mydf <- structure(list(salary = c("1500-1600", "1600-1700", "1700-1800", "1800-1900", "1900-2000", "2000-2100", "2100-2200", "2200-2300", "2300-2400", "2400-2500"), number = c(110L, 180L, 320L, 460L, 850L, 250L, 130L, 70L, 20L, 10L)), .Names = c("salary", "number"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -10L)) mydf#> salary number #> 1 1500-1600 110 #> 2 1600-1700 180 #> 3 1700-1800 320 #> 4 1800-1900 460 #> 5 1900-2000 850 #> 6 2000-2100 250 #> 7 2100-2200 130 #> 8 2200-2300 70 #> 9 2300-2400 20 #> 10 2400-2500 10#> [1] 1915.294## Example with intervals manually specified Freq <- mydf$number X <- cbind(c(1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400), c(1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500)) grouped_median(Freq, X)#> [1] 1915.294# Using `cut` set.seed(1) x <- sample(100, 100, replace = TRUE) y <- data.frame(table(cut(x, 10))) with(y, grouped_median(Freq, Var1, sep = ",", trim = "cut"))#> [1] 47.2


---
layout: default
title: Tekenlight Blog
---
Blog Posts
{% for post in site.posts %}
- {{ post.date | date_to_string }} » {{ post.title }}
{% endfor %}
Highlighted Media
Other Interviews, Talks, Etc
Noteworthy Open Source Projects and Specifications
- Poco: A powerful cross-platform C++ libraries for web apps


SweetFreeStuff.com
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on SweetFreeStuff.com.
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Free Creme of Nature Straight From Eden Hair Care Samples
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Free Creme of Nature Straight From Eden Hair Care Samples
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first on SweetFreeStuff.com.
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Free Playtex Sport Pads, Liners and Combo Packs
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Free Playtex Sport Pads, Liners and Combo Packs
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SweetFreeStuff.com.
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Free Sample of Rachael Ray Nutrish Zero Grain Dog Food
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*Sample is available again! Select the sample and complete the form. Free
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Free Marlboro Way of Bold Translation App or Leather Luggage Tag
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Free Subscription to GQ Magazine
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First 10k Free Subscription to GQ Magazine
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Batwoman Midseason Finale Promo Is All About Alice's Revenge
by Sam StoneJacob Kane will finally have to answer to his long-lost daughter in an upcoming episode of Batwoman.
The CW has released a promo for the series' eighth episode, ominously titled "The Mad Tea-Party," with Jacob face-to-face with his daughter Beth, who has since taken on the villainous mantle of Alice after being presumed dead for the past 11 years. With Jacob held captive in an abandoned theater, it's clear this family reunion won't exactly be a heartwarming one.
"For the past 11 years, I've dreamt of revenge," Alice hisses as Batwoman confronts her sister to discover her father's whereabouts.
After Beth was involved in a car accident that separated her from her family, Jacob presumed her dead, estranging his relationship with Kate. However, Beth was secretly raised by terrorists to become the Alice in Wonderland-themed villain, returning to wreak havoc on Gotham City.
Created by Caroline Dries and developed by Berlanti Productions and Warner Bros. Television, Batwoman stars Ruby Rose, Rachel Skarsten, Meagan Tandy, Camrus Johnson, Dougray Scott, Elizabeth Anweis and Nicole Kang. The series airs Sundays at 8 p.m. ET/PT on The CW.
https://schema.orgBreadcrumbListListItem1Homehttps://www.cbr.com/ListItem2TVhttps://www.cbr.com/category/tv/ListItem3TV Newshttps://www.cbr.com/category/tv/news-tv/ListItem4Batwoman Midseason Finale Promo Is All About Alice's Revengehttps://www.cbr.com/batwoman-alice-revenge-midseason-finale-promo/


Synapse Python/Command Line Client Documentation
The synapseclient
package provides an interface to Synapse, a collaborative,
open-source research platform that allows teams to share data, track analyses,
and collaborate, providing support for:
integrated presentation of data, code and text
fine grained access control
provenance tracking
The synapseclient
package lets you communicate with the cloud-hosted Synapse service to access data and create
shared data analysis projects from within Python scripts or at the interactive Python console. Other Synapse clients
exist for R,
Java, and
the web. The Python client can also be used from the
command line.
Installing this package will install synapseclient, synapseutils and the command line client. synapseutils contains beta features and the behavior of these features are subject to change.
If you’re just getting started with Synapse, have a look at the Getting Started guides for Synapse.


Defects
Create New Defect
Title:
Description:
Author:
Severity:
Status:
Assigned to:
Submit
Go to REST Servlet


--- layout: default ---
JavaScript utilities contains functions, plugins & classes for Vanilla JS, Mootools & jQuery.


Work
Play
Qualifications
Experience
Python
HTML5
Piano
Bee Keeping
Archery
Beetle
Motorcycle
Games
Woodworking
Flying


Here's your guess!
CORRECT ANSWER: {{ breed }}
YOUR GUESS: {{ guess }}
{% if guess==breed %}
You were right! Congrats
{% else %}
You were wrong! Sorry
{% endif %}
Your score is: {{ score }}


Tap to jump. Objective is to land on top of enemy. Game will restart once you loose all three lives. © . MochaTek . (2020)


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| And it came to pass, when Jesus had made an end of commanding his twelve disciples, he departed thence to teach and to preach in their cities.
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| ᎯᎠᏃ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅᎩ; ᏥᏌ ᎤᏍᏆᏛ ᏕᎧᏁᏤᎲ ᏔᎳᏚ ᎢᏯᏂᏛ ᎬᏩᏍᏓᏩᏗᏙᎯ, ᎤᏂᎩᏒᎩ ᎾᎿᎭᏂ, ᏚᏕᏲᎤᏒᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏥᏙᏅᏒᎩ ᏚᏂᏚᎿᎭᎥᎢ.
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Hi-a-no nu-li-s-ta-nv-gi; Tsi-sa u-s-qua-dv de-ka-ne-tse-hv ta-la-du i-ya-ni-dv gv-wa-s-da-wa-di-do-hi, u-ni-gi-sv-gi na-hna-ni, du-de-yo-u-sv-gi a-le u-li-tsi-do-nv-sv-gi du-ni-du-hna-v-i.
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| Now when John had heard in the prison the works of Christ, he sent two of his disciples,
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| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᏣᏂ ᏣᏥᏍᏚᎲ ᏧᏛᎦᏅ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏚᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎲ ᎦᎶᏁᏛ, ᏙᏧᏅᏎ ᎠᏂᏔᎵ ᎬᏩᏍᏓᏩᏗᏙᎯ,
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Hna-quo-no Tsa-ni tsa-tsi-s-du-hv tsu-dv-ga-nv nu-s-dv du-lv-wi-s-da-ne-hv Ga-lo-ne-dv, do-tsu-nv-se a-ni-ta-li gv-wa-s-da-wa-di-do-hi,
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| And said unto him, Art thou he that should come, or do we look for another?
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| ᎯᎠ ᏅᏓᏳᏪᏎᎸᎩ; ᏂᎯᏍᎪ Ꮎ ᎤᎷᎯᏍᏗ ᏥᎩ, ᏥᎪᎨ ᏅᏩᏓᎴ ᎣᏥᎦᏖᏃᎮᏍᏗ?
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Hi-a nv-da-yu-we-se-lv-gi; Ni-hi-s-go na u-lu-hi-s-di tsi-gi, tsi-go-ge nv-wa-da-le o-tsi-ga-te-no-he-s-di?
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| Jesus answered and said unto them, Go and shew John again those things which ye do hear and see:
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| ᏥᏌᏃ ᎤᏁᏨ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏚᏪᏎᎸᎩ; ᏥᏍᏕᎾ ᏣᏂ ᏫᎡᏍᏗᏃᎲᏏ ᏂᎦᎥ ᎢᏍᏓᏛᎩᏍᎬᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏍᏗᎪᏩᏘᏍᎬᎢ:
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Tsi-sa-no u-ne-tsv hi-a ni-du-we-se-lv-gi; tsi-s-de-na Tsa-ni wi-e-s-di-no-hv-si ni-ga-v i-s-da-dv-gi-s-gv-i a-le i-s-di-go-wa-ti-s-gv-i:
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| The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them.
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| ᏗᏂᎨᏫ ᎠᏂᎪᏩᏘᎭ, ᏗᏂᏲᎤᎵᏃ ᎠᏁᏙᎭ, ᎠᏓᏰᏍᎩ ᏧᏂᏢᎩ ᏚᎾᏗᏩᏍᎦ, ᏧᏂᎵᎡᎾᏃ ᎠᎾᏛᎩᎭ, ᏧᏂᏲᎱᏒᎯᏃ ᏕᎨᎦᎴᏗᎭ ᎤᏲᏃ ᎢᏳᎾᏛᎿᎭᏕᎩ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᎢᎨᎦᎵᏥᏙᏁᎭ.
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Di-ni-ge-wi a-ni-go-wa-ti-ha, di-ni-yo-u-li-no a-ne-do-ha, a-da-ye-s-gi tsu-ni-tlv-gi du-na-di-wa-s-ga, tsu-ni-li-e-na-no a-na-dv-gi-ha, tsu-ni-yo-hu-sv-hi-no de-ge-ga-le-di-ha u-yo-no i-yu-na-dv-hna-de-gi o-s-dv ka-no-he-dv i-ge-ga-li-tsi-do-ne-ha.
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| And blessed is he, whosoever shall not be offended in me.
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| ᎠᎴ ᎣᏏᏳ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎩᎶᏂᏗᏥᏲᏕᏍᏗᏍᎬᎾ ᎢᎨᏎᏍᏗ.
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A-le o-si-yu i-yu-li-s-da-ne-di gi-lo-ni-di-tsi-yo-de-s-di-s-gv-na i-ge-se-s-di.
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| And as they departed, Jesus began to say unto the multitudes concerning John, What went ye out into the wilderness to see? A reed shaken with the wind?
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| ᎢᎤᏁᏅᏃ ᏥᏌ ᎤᎴᏅᎲᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏚᏪᏎᎸᎩ ᎤᏂᏣᏘ ᏣᏂ ᏚᏃᎮᏓᏁᎸᎩ; ᎦᏙ ᎢᏣᎦᏔᏅᏎ ᎢᎾᎨᎢ? ᏩᏐᎾᏍᎪ ᎤᏃᎴ ᎤᏖᎸᎮᏍᎬᎢ?
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I-u-ne-nv-no Tsi-sa u-le-nv-hv-gi hi-a ni-du-we-se-lv-gi u-ni-tsa-ti Tsa-ni du-no-he-da-ne-lv-gi; Ga-do i-tsa-ga-ta-nv-se i-na-ge-i? Wa-so-na-s-go u-no-le u-te-lv-he-s-gv-i?
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| But what went ye out for to see? A man clothed in soft raiment? behold, they that wear soft clothing are in kings' houses.
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| ᎦᏙᎨ ᎢᏣᎦᏔᏅᏎᎢ? ᎠᏍᎦᏯᏍᎪ ᏗᏩᎾᎨ ᏧᏄᏩᎢ? ᎬᏂᏳᏉ ᏗᏩᎾᎨ ᏧᎾᏄᏩᎢ ᎤᏂᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᏓᏂᏁᎸ ᎠᏁᎰᎢ.
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Ga-do-ge i-tsa-ga-ta-nv-se-i? A-s-ga-ya-s-go di-wa-na-ge tsu-nu-wa-i? Gv-ni-yu-quo di-wa-na-ge tsu-na-nu-wa-i u-ni-gv-wi-yu-hi da-ni-ne-lv a-ne-ho-i.
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| But what went ye out for to see? A prophet? yea, I say unto you, and more than a prophet.
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| ᎦᏙᎨ ᎢᏣᎦᏔᏅᏎᎢ? ᎠᏙᎴᎰᏍᎩᏍᎪ? ᎥᎥ, ᎢᏨᏲᏎᎭ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟᎯᏳ ᎡᏍᎦᏉ ᎠᏙᎴᎰᏍᎩ.
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Ga-do-ge i-tsa-ga-ta-nv-se-i? A-do-le-ho-s-gi-s-go? V-v, i-tsv-yo-se-ha, a-le u-tli-hi-yu e-s-ga-quo a-do-le-ho-s-gi.
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| For this is he, of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee.
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| ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ ᎯᎠ Ꮎ ᎨᎪᏪᎸ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏥᏃᎮᎸᏍᎬ ᏥᏂᎬᏅ; ᎬᏂᏳᏉ, ᏥᏅᎵ ᏥᏅᏏᏓᏍᏗ ᏣᎧᏛ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏓᏣᏛᏅᎢᏍᏓᏁᎵ ᏣᎶᎯᏍᏗᏱ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ.
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Na-s-gi-s-gi-ni hi-a na ge-go-we-lv hi-a a-tsi-no-he-lv-s-gv tsi-ni-gv-nv; Gv-ni-yu-quo, tsi-nv-li tsi-nv-si-da-s-di tsa-ka-dv i-gv-yi-di-tlv, na-s-gi da-tsa-dv-nv-i-s-da-ne-li tsa-lo-hi-s-di-yi i-gv-yi-di-tlv.
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| Verily I say unto you, Among them that are born of women there hath not risen a greater than John the Baptist: notwithstanding he that is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he.
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| ᎤᏙᎯᏳᎯᏯ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏨᏪᏎᎭ, ᎠᏂᎨᏴ ᎬᏩᏂᎾᏄᎪᏫᏒᎯ ᏥᎩ ᎥᏝ ᎩᎶ ᏳᎾᏄᎪᏨ ᎬᏩᏓᎵᏁᎯᏕᏗ ᏣᏂ ᏗᏓᏬᏍᎩ; ᎠᏎᏃ ᎤᏍᏗᎧᏂ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎡᎯ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎨᏒ ᎤᏟ ᎠᏥᎸᏉᏗᏳ ᎡᏍᎦᏉ ᏣᏂ.
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U-do-hi-yu-hi-ya hi-a ni-tsv-we-se-ha, A-ni-ge-yv gv-wa-ni-na-nu-go-wi-sv-hi tsi-gi v-tla gi-lo yu-na-nu-go-tsv gv-wa-da-li-ne-hi-de-di Tsa-ni di-da-wo-s-gi; a-se-no u-s-di-ka-ni ga-lv-la-di e-hi u-gv-wi-yu-hi ge-sv u-tli a-tsi-lv-quo-di-yu e-s-ga-quo tsa-ni.
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| And from the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven suffereth violence, and the violent take it by force.
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| ᏣᏂᏃ ᏗᏓᏬᏍᎩ ᎤᎾᏄᎪᏨ ᏅᏓᎬᏩᏓᎴᏅᏛ ᎪᎯ ᎢᏯᏍᏘ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎡᎯ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎨᏒ ᎠᎾᏁᎷᎩᎡᎭ, ᎠᎾᏁᎷᎩᏍᎩᏃ ᎬᏍᎦᎢᏍᏓᎩ ᏓᏂᏂᏱᎭ.
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Tsa-ni-no di-da-wo-s-gi u-na-nu-go-tsv nv-da-gv-wa-da-le-nv-dv go-hi i-ya-s-ti ga-lv-la-di e-hi u-gv-wi-yu-hi ge-sv a-na-ne-lu-gi-e-ha, a-na-ne-lu-gi-s-gi-no gv-s-ga-i-s-da-gi da-ni-ni-yi-ha.
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| For all the prophets and the law prophesied until John.
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| ᎾᏂᎥᏰᏃ ᎠᎾᏙᎴᎰᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎧᎿᎭᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏙᎴᎰᏍᎬᎩ ᏣᏂ ᎤᎾᏄᎪᏥᎸ ᎢᏯᏍᏘ.
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Na-ni-v-ye-no a-na-do-le-ho-s-gi a-le di-ka-hna-wa-dv-s-di a-na-do-le-ho-s-gv-gi Tsa-ni u-na-nu-go-tsi-lv i-ya-s-ti.
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| And if ye will receive it, this is Elias, which was for to come.
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| ᎢᏳᏃ ᏗᎨᏣᏓᏂᎸᎢᏍᏗ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎳᏯ ᎤᎷᎯᏍᏗ ᏥᎨᏒᎩ.
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I-yu-no di-ge-tsa-da-ni-lv-i-s-di ge-se-s-di, na-s-gi hi-a I-la-ya u-lu-hi-s-di tsi-ge-sv-gi.
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| He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
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| ᎩᎶ ᏕᎦᎵᎷᎨᏍᏗ ᎤᏛᎪᏗᏱ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏛᎩᏍᎨᏍᏗ.
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Gi-lo de-ga-li-lu-ge-s-di u-dv-go-di-yi na-s-gi a-dv-gi-s-ge-s-di.
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| But whereunto shall I liken this generation? It is like unto children sitting in the markets, and calling unto their fellows,
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| ᎦᏙᎨ ᏙᏓᎦᏥᏯᏟᎶᏍᏔᏂ ᎯᎠ ᎪᎯ ᏣᏁᎭ? ᏗᏂᏲᎵᏉ ᎾᏍᎩᏯ ᎦᏃᏙᏗᏱ ᏣᏂᏃᎢ ᎠᎴ ᏥᏫᏓᏂᏯᏂᏍᎪ ᎤᏁᏓᏍᏗ;
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Ga-do-ge do-da-ga-tsi-ya-tli-lo-s-ta-ni hi-a go-hi tsa-ne-ha? Di-ni-yo-li-quo na-s-gi-ya ga-no-do-di-yi tsa-ni-no-i a-le tsi-wi-da-ni-ya-ni-s-go u-ne-da-s-di;
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| And saying, We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced; we have mourned unto you, and ye have not lamented.
|
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| ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏂᏓᏂᏪᏎᎰᎢ; ᎠᏤᎷᎩ ᎣᎬᏔᏅ ᏕᏨᏃᎩᎡᎸ, ᎠᏎᏃ ᎥᏝ ᏱᏣᎵᏍᎩᏒ; ᏙᏥᏴᎬᎩ ᎢᏣᏛᎪᏗ, ᎠᏎᏃ ᎥᏝ ᏱᏗᏣᏠᏱᎸ.
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A-le hi-a tsi-ni-da-ni-we-se-ho-i; a-tse-lu-gi o-gv-ta-nv de-tsv-no-gi-e-lv, a-se-no v-tla yi-tsa-li-s-gi-sv; do-tsi-yv-gv-gi i-tsa-dv-go-di, a-se-no v-tla yi-di-tsa-tlo-yi-lv.
|
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| For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, He hath a devil.
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| ᏣᏂᏰᏃ ᎤᎷᏨᎩ ᎥᏝ ᏯᎵᏍᏓᏴᎲᏍᎨᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎥᏝ ᏯᏗᏔᏍᎨᎢ, ᎠᏎᏃ ᏂᎠᏂᏪᎭ; ᎠᏍᎩᎾ ᎤᏯᎠ.
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Tsa-ni-ye-no u-lu-tsv-gi v-tla ya-li-s-da-yv-hv-s-ge-i a-le v-tla ya-di-ta-s-ge-i, a-se-no ni-a-ni-we-ha; A-s-gi-na u-ya-a.
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| The Son of man came eating and drinking, and they say, Behold a man gluttonous, and a winebibber, a friend of publicans and sinners. But wisdom is justified of her children.
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| ᏴᏫ ᎤᏪᏥ ᎤᎷᏨ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᎲᏍᎦ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏗᏔᏍᎦ, ᎯᎠᏃ ᏂᎠᏂᏪᎭ; ᎬᏂᏳᏉ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎤᎬᎥᏍᎩ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎩᎦᎨ-ᎠᏗᏔᏍᏗ, ᎠᏕᎸ ᎠᏂᎩᏏᏙᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏂᏍᏕᎾ ᎤᎾᎵᎢ. ᎠᏎᏃ ᎠᎦᏔᎿᎭᎢ ᏧᏪᏥ ᎣᏏᏳ ᎢᎬᏩᏰᎸᎭ.
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Yv-wi u-we-tsi u-lu-tsv a-li-s-da-yv-hv-s-ga a-le a-di-ta-s-ga, hi-a-no ni-a-ni-we-ha; Gv-ni-yu-quo a-s-ga-ya u-gv-v-s-gi a-li-s-da-yv-di a-le gi-ga-ge--a-di-ta-s-di, a-de-lv a-ni-gi-si-do-hi a-le a-ni-s-de-na u-na-li-i. A-se-no a-ga-ta-hna-i tsu-we-tsi o-si-yu i-gv-wa-ye-lv-ha.
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| Then began he to upbraid the cities wherein most of his mighty works were done, because they repented not:
|
|---|
| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᎤᎴᏅᎲᎩ ᏚᎬᏍᎪᎸᏅᎩ ᏚᏂᏚᎲᎢ ᎾᎿᎭᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᏚᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎸᎢ, ᏅᏓᎦᎵᏍᏙᏗᏍᎬᎩ ᏚᎾᏓᏅᏛ ᏂᏚᏂᏁᏟᏴᏒᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ.
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Hna-quo-no u-le-nv-hv-gi du-gv-s-go-lv-nv-gi du-ni-du-hv-i na-hna u-tli i-ga-i u-s-qua-ni-go-di du-lv-wi-s-da-ne-lv-i, nv-da-ga-li-s-do-di-s-gv-gi du-na-da-nv-dv ni-du-ni-ne-tli-yv-sv-na ge-sv-i.
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| Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works, which were done in you, had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes.
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| ᎤᏲᎢᏳ ᎢᏣᎵᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎪᎴᏏᏂ, ᎤᏲᎢᏳ ᎢᏣᎵᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏇᏣᏱᏗ; ᎢᏳᏰᏃ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᏕᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎸ ᏂᎯ ᎢᏤᎲ ᏱᏙᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎴ ᏔᏯ ᎠᎴ ᏌᏙᏂ, ᎪᎯᎩ ᏗᎬᏩᏂᏁᏟᏴᏛ ᏱᎨᏎ ᏚᎾᏓᏅᏛᎢ, ᏧᏏᏕᎾ ᏱᏚᎾᏄᏬᎡ ᎠᎴ ᎪᏍᏚ ᏳᎾᏓᏅᎵᏰᎡᎢ.
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U-yo-i-yu i-tsa-li-s-da-ne-di Go-le-si-ni, u-yo-i-yu i-tsa-li-s-da-ne-di Que-tsa-yi-di; i-yu-ye-no u-s-qua-ni-go-di de-ga-lv-wi-s-da-ne-lv ni-hi i-tse-hv yi-do-ga-lv-wi-s-da-ne-le Ta-ya a-le Sa-do-ni, go-hi-gi di-gv-wa-ni-ne-tli-yv-dv yi-ge-se du-na-da-nv-dv-i, tsu-si-de-na yi-du-na-nu-wo-e a-le go-s-du yu-na-da-nv-li-ye-e-i.
|
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|
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| But I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment, than for you.
|
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| ᎠᏎᏃ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏨᏪᏎᎭ; ᎡᏍᎦᏉ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᏂᎩᎵᏲᎢᏍᏗ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ ᏔᏯ ᎠᎴ ᏌᏙᏂ, ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗᏱ ᎢᎦ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ, ᎤᏟᎯᏳ ᏂᎯ.
|
|---|
A-se-no hi-a ni-tsv-we-se-ha; e-s-ga-quo i-ga-i u-ni-gi-li-yo-i-s-di ge-se-s-di Ta-ya a-le Sa-do-ni, di-gu-go-do-di-yi i-ga ge-se-s-di, u-tli-hi-yu ni-hi.
|
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|
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| And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto heaven, shalt be brought down to hell: for if the mighty works, which have been done in thee, had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day.
|
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| ᏂᎯᏃ ᎨᏆᏂ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎢᏴᏛ ᏤᏣᏌᎳᏓ, ᏨᏍᎩᏃᎢ ᏮᏓᏰᎶᎥᏔᏂ; ᎢᏳᏰᏃ ᎤᏍᏆᏂᎪᏗ ᏕᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎸ ᏂᎯ ᎢᏤᎲ ᏱᏙᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎴ ᏐᏓᎻᏱ, ᎠᏏ ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒ ᏱᏂᎬᏩᏍᏕᏉ.
|
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Ni-hi-no Ge-qua-ni ga-lv-la-di i-yv-dv tse-tsa-sa-la-da, tsv-s-gi-no-i wv-da-ye-lo-v-ta-ni; i-yu-ye-no u-s-qua-ni-go-di de-ga-lv-wi-s-da-ne-lv ni-hi i-tse-hv yi-do-ga-lv-wi-s-da-ne-le So-da-mi-yi, a-si go-hi ge-sv yi-ni-gv-wa-s-de-quo.
|
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|
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| But I say unto you, That it shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment, than for thee.
|
|---|
| ᎠᏎᏃ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏨᏪᏎᎭ; ᎡᏍᎦᏉ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎤᏂᎩᎵᏲᎢᏍᏗ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ ᏐᎵᎻ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗᏱ ᎢᎦ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ, ᎤᏟᎯᏳ ᏂᎯ.
|
|---|
A-se-no hi-a ni-tsv-we-se-ha; E-s-ga-quo i-ga-i u-ni-gi-li-yo-i-s-di ge-se-s-di So-li-mi di-gu-go-do-di-yi i-ga ge-se-s-di, u-tli-hi-yu ni-hi.
|
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|
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| At that time Jesus answered and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes.
|
|---|
| ᎾᎯᏳ ᏥᏌ ᎤᏁᏨ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ; ᎬᏯᎵᎡᎵᏤᎭ ᎡᏙᏓ, ᏣᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎡᎶᎯ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏕᎲᏍᎦᎳᏁᎸ ᎠᏂᏏᎾᏌᏂ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏁᏯᏔᎯ, ᏗᏂᏲᎵᏃ ᏥᏕᎯᎾᏄᎪᏫᏎᎸ.
|
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Na-hi-yu Tsi-sa u-ne-tsv hi-a nu-we-sv-gi; Gv-ya-li-e-li-tse-ha E-do-da, Tsa-gv-wi-yu-hi ga-lv-la-di a-le e-lo-hi, na-s-gi hi-a tsi-de-hv-s-ga-la-ne-lv a-ni-si-na-sa-ni a-le a-ne-ya-ta-hi, di-ni-yo-li-no tsi-de-hi-na-nu-go-wi-se-lv.
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| Even so, Father: for so it seemed good in thy sight.
|
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| ᎥᎥ, ᎡᏙᏓ, ᎾᏍᎩᏰᏃ ᎣᏏᏳ ᏣᏰᎸᏅᎯ.
|
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V-v, E-do-da, na-s-gi-ye-no o-si-yu tsa-ye-lv-nv-hi.
|
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|
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| All things are delivered unto me of my Father: and no man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth any man the Father, save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son will reveal him.
|
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| ᏂᎦᎥ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᏓᎩᏲᎯᏎᎸ ᎡᏙᏓ, ᎠᎴ ᎥᏝ ᎩᎶ ᏯᎦᏔᎭ ᎤᏪᏥ ᎤᏙᏓᏉ ᎤᏩᏒ; ᎥᏝ ᎠᎴ ᎩᎶ ᏯᎦᏔᎭ ᎠᎦᏴᎵᎨᎢ ᎤᏪᏥ ᎤᏩᏒ, ᎩᎶᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏥᎾᏄᎪᏫᏏ ᎡᎳ ᎤᏪᏥ.
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Ni-ga-v go-hu-s-di da-gi-yo-hi-se-lv E-do-da, a-le v-tla gi-lo ya-ga-ta-ha U-we-tsi U-do-da-quo u-wa-sv; v-tla a-le gi-lo ya-ga-ta-ha a-ga-yv-li-ge-i U-we-tsi u-wa-sv, gi-lo-no na-s-gi tsi-na-nu-go-wi-si e-la U-we-tsi.
|
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| Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.
|
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| ᎡᏤᎾ, ᎠᏴ ᏍᎩᎷᏥ, ᏂᎦᏗᏳ ᎠᎩᎵᏯ ᏗᏥᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎦᎨᏛ ᏗᏣᎵᏎᎯ, ᎠᏴᏃ ᏓᏨᏯᏪᏐᎸᏍᏔᏂ.
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E-tse-na, a-yv s-gi-lu-tsi, ni-ga-di-yu a-gi-li-ya di-tsi-lv-wi-s-da-ne-hi, a-le ga-ge-dv di-tsa-li-se-hi, a-yv-no da-tsv-ya-we-so-lv-s-ta-ni.
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| Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls.
|
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| ᎢᏥᏴ ᎠᏆᎩᎳᎾᎶ ᎠᎴ ᏍᎩᏯᏕᎶᏆᏏ, ᎠᏆᏓᏅᏘᏳᏰᏃ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏆᏓᏙᎵᏍᏗᏳ ᎠᎩᎾᏫᏱ, ᏓᏥᏩᏛᎯᏃ ᏗᏣᏓᏅᏙ ᏧᏯᏪᏐᎸᏍᏗᏱ.
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I-tsi-yv a-qua-gi-la-na-lo a-le s-gi-ya-de-lo-qua-si, a-qua-da-nv-ti-yu-ye-no a-le a-qua-da-do-li-s-di-yu a-gi-na-wi-yi, da-tsi-wa-dv-hi-no di-tsa-da-nv-do tsu-ya-we-so-lv-s-di-yi.
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| For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.
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| ᎠᏆᎩᎳᎾᎶᏰᏃ ᏄᎯᏐᏛᎾ, ᎦᎵᏎᎲᏃ ᎤᏓᏌᎧᎯᏳ.
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A-qua-gi-la-na-lo-ye-no nu-hi-so-dv-na, ga-li-se-hv-no u-da-sa-ka-hi-yu.
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| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
See:
Description
| Interface Summary | |
|---|---|
| Bean | A bean consisting of a set of properties. |
| BeanBuilder<T extends Bean> | A builder for a bean, providing a safe way to create it. |
| BeanQuery<P> | A query based on beans. |
| DynamicBean | A dynamic bean that allows properties to be added and removed. |
| DynamicMetaBean | A dynamic meta-bean which works with DynamicBean . |
| ImmutableBean | An immutable bean consisting of a set of properties. |
| MetaBean | A meta-bean, defining those aspects of a bean which are not specific to a particular instance, such as the type and set of meta-properties. |
| MetaProperty<P> | A meta-property, defining those aspects of a property which are not specific to a particular bean, such as the property type and name. |
| Property<P> | A property that is linked to a specific bean. |
| PropertyMap | A map of properties that is linked to a specific bean. |
| Class Summary | |
|---|---|
| JodaBeanUtils | A set of utilities to assist when working with beans and properties. |
| Enum Summary | |
|---|---|
| PropertyStyle | An enumeration of property styles. |
| Annotation Types Summary | |
|---|---|
| BeanDefinition | Annotation defining a bean for code generation. |
| DerivedProperty | Annotation defining a derived property accessor for code generation. |
| ImmutableConstructor | Annotation defining which constructor is to be used to create the object in for code generation of immutable beans. |
| ImmutableDefaults | Annotation defining which method is to be used to apply the default property values when code generating immutable beans. |
| ImmutablePreBuild | Annotation defining a method that is to be called just before a code generated immutable bean is built. |
| ImmutableValidator | Annotation defining which method is to be used to validate the bean when code generating immutable beans. |
| PropertyDefinition | Annotation defining a property for code generation. |
Base interfaces and annotations defining Joda-Beans.
Joda-Beans is a library that can be used to provide enhanced Java Beans. These extensions provide the tools for framework writers to access bean and property information in a consistent and fast manner, typically without reflection.
A Joda-Bean implements the Bean
interface. In turn, this requires the
creation of a MetaBean
implementation, typically an inner class.
Both also require the provision of implementations of Property
and
MetaProperty
to express the properties of the bean.
Other packages provide implementations of the interfaces and a code generator.
|
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| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |


Boat is an improv and sketch comedy group based out of New York City.
Boat won the 2010 Creek Sketch Invitational and was featured at the 2010 NC Comedy Arts Festival.
Boat won the 2010 Creek Sketch Invitational and was featured at the 2010 NC Comedy Arts Festival.


John R. Hauser
2018 January 20
1. Introduction 2. Limitations 3. Acknowledgments and License 4. TestFloat Package Directory Structure 5. Dependence on Berkeley SoftFloat 6. Issues for Porting TestFloat to a New Target 6.1. Standard Headers <stdbool.h>
and<stdint.h>
6.2. Standard Header <fenv.h>
6.3. Macros for Build Options 6.4. Specializing the testfloat
Program6.5. Improving the Random Number Functions 7. Contact Information
This document gives information needed for compiling and/or porting Berkeley
TestFloat, a small collection of programs for testing that an implementation of
binary floating-point conforms to the IEEE Standard for Floating-Point
Arithmetic.
For basic documentation about TestFloat refer to
TestFloat-general.html
The source code for TestFloat is intended to be relatively machine-independent.
Most programs in the TestFloat package should be compilable with any
ISO-Standard C compiler that also supports testfloat
program will be used to test a new
floating-point implementation, additional effort will likely be required to
retarget that program to invoke the new floating-point operations.
TestFloat has been successfully compiled with the GNU C Compiler
(gcc
) for several platforms.
TestFloat depends on Berkeley SoftFloat, which is a software implementation of
binary floating-point that conforms to the IEEE Standard for Floating-Point
Arithmetic.
SoftFloat is not included with the TestFloat sources.
It can be obtained from the Web page
http://www.jhauser.us/arithmetic/SoftFloat.html
TestFloat assumes the computer has an addressable byte size of either 8 or
TestFloat is written entirely
<stdbool.h>
and
<stdint.h>
are required for defining standard Boolean and
integer types.
If these headers are not supplied with the C compiler, minimal substitutes must
be provided.
TestFloat’s dependence on these headers is detailed later in
<stdbool.h>
and <stdint.h>
.
The TestFloat package was written by me,
Par Lab: Microsoft (Award #024263), Intel (Award #024894), and U.C. Discovery (Award #DIG07-10227), with additional support from Par Lab affiliates Nokia, NVIDIA, Oracle, and Samsung. ASPIRE Lab: DARPA PERFECT program (Award #HR0011-12-2-0016), with additional support from ASPIRE industrial sponsor Intel and ASPIRE affiliates Google, Nokia, NVIDIA, Oracle, and Samsung.
The following applies to the whole of TestFloat
Copyright 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

Because TestFloat is targeted to multiple platforms, its source code is slightly scattered between target-specific and target-independent directories and files. The supplied directory structure is as follows:
The majority of the TestFloat sources are provided in thedoc source subj-C build template Linux-386-GCC Linux-386-SSE2-GCC Linux-x86_64-GCC Linux-ARM-VFPv2-GCC Win32-MinGW Win32-SSE2-MinGW Win64-MinGW-w64
source
directory.
The subj-C
testfloat
program to test the C
compiler’s implementation of the standard C types float
,
double
, and possibly long
double
.
The ‘subj
’ in subj-C
testfloat
is retargeted to test other floating-point
implementations, the corresponding source files would be expected to be in
other subdirectories alongside subj-C
subj-<target>
testfloat
is found in
testfloat
Program.
The build
directory is intended to contain a subdirectory for each
target platform for which builds of the TestFloat programs may be created.
For each build target, the target’s subdirectory is where all derived
object files and the completed TestFloat executables are created.
The template
subdirectory is not an actual build target but
contains sample files for creating new target directories.
Ignoring the template
directory, the supplied target directories
are intended to follow a naming system of
<execution-environment>-<compiler>
<execution-environment>
Linux-386
Linux-386-SSE2
Linux-x86_64
Linux-ARM-VFPv2
Win32
,
Win32-SSE2
Win64
, and
<compiler>
GCC
,
MinGW
, or MinGW-w64
All of the supplied target directories are merely examples that may or may not be correct for compiling on any particular system. There are currently no plans to include and maintain in the TestFloat package the build files needed for a great many users’ compilation environments, which can span a huge range of operating systems, compilers, and other tools.
As supplied, each target directory contains two files:
The providedMakefile platform.h
Makefile
is written for GNU make
.
A build of TestFloat for the specific target is begun by executing the
make
command with the target directory as the current directory.
A completely different build tool can be used if an appropriate
Makefile
equivalent is created.
The platform.h
header file exists to provide a location for
additional C declarations specific to the build target.
Every C source file of TestFloat contains a #include
for
platform.h
.
In many cases, the contents of platform.h
can be as simple as one
or two lines of code.
If the target’s compiler or library has bugs or other shortcomings,
workarounds for these issues may be possible with target-specific declarations
in platform.h
, without the need to modify the main TestFloat
sources.
It may not be necessary to build all of the TestFloat programs.
For testing a floating-point implementation, typically
testfloat_gen
and testfloat
will not both be used,
and testfloat_ver
may not be needed either.
The Makefile (or equivalent) can be modified not to create unneeded programs.
This may be especially relevant for the all-in-one test program
testfloat
, which might not build without special attention.
In addition to the distributed sources, TestFloat depends on the existence of a
compatible Berkeley SoftFloat library and the corresponding header file
softfloat.h
.
As mentioned earlier, SoftFloat is a separate package available at Web page
http://www.jhauser.us/arithmetic/SoftFloat.html
SOFTFLOAT_INCLUDE_DIR
- The path of the directory containing
softfloat.h
, as well as other nonstandard header files referenced bysoftfloat.h
, if any.SOFTFLOAT_H
- A list of the full paths of all SoftFloat header files needed by SoftFloat clients. This list must include
softfloat.h
and may also include other header files referenced bysoftfloat.h
, such assoftfloat_types.h
. This macro is used only to establish build dependencies between the SoftFloat header files and TestFloat’s source files, in case the SoftFloat header files are changed.SOFTFLOAT_LIB
- The full path of the compiled SoftFloat library (usually
softfloat.a
orlibsoftfloat.a
).
<stdbool.h>
and <stdint.h>
The TestFloat sources make use of standard headers
<stdbool.h>
and <stdint.h>
, which have
been part of the ISO C Standard Library since 1999.
With any recent compiler, these standard headers are likely to be supported,
even if the compiler does not claim complete conformance to the latest ISO C
Standard.
For older or nonstandard compilers, substitutes for
<stdbool.h>
and <stdint.h>
may need to be
created.
TestFloat depends on these names from <stdbool.h>
:
and on these names frombool true false
<stdint.h>
:
uint16_t uint32_t uint64_t int32_t int64_t UINT64_C INT64_C uint_least8_t uint_fast8_t uint_fast16_t uint_fast32_t uint_fast64_t int_fast8_t int_fast16_t int_fast32_t int_fast64_t
<fenv.h>
Because the supplied all-in-one testfloat
program tests the
floating-point operations of the C language, it uses the facilities provided by
standard C header <fenv.h>
to access the floating-point
environment of C, in particular to set the rounding mode and to access the
floating-point exception flags.
Like <stdbool.h>
and <stdint.h>
,
<fenv.h>
has been part of the ISO C Standard Library since
1999, but older or nonstandard C compilers may not support it.
Some form of standard header <fenv.h>
is needed only if the
testfloat
program is wanted and the program will not be
retargeted to invoke a floating-point implementation in a way that bypasses the
standard C environment.
Typically, if testfloat
is wanted, it will be retargeted to invoke
a new floating-point implementation directly, making
<fenv.h>
irrelevant.
For more about retargeting testfloat
, see testfloat
Program.
The TestFloat source files are affected by several C preprocessor macros:
Following the usual custom
LITTLEENDIAN
- Must be defined for little-endian machines; must not be defined for big-endian machines.
INLINE
- Can be defined to a sequence of tokens used to indicate that a C function should be inlined. If the compiler does not support the inlining of functions, this macro must not be defined. For compilers that conform to the C Standard’s rules for inline functions, this macro can be defined as the single keyword
inline
. For other compilers that follow a convention pre-dating the standardization ofinline
, this macro may need to be defined toextern
inline
.THREAD_LOCAL
- Can be defined to a sequence of tokens that, when appearing at the start of a variable declaration, indicates to the C compiler that the variable is per-thread, meaning that each execution thread gets its own separate instance of the variable. This macro is used in the supplied version of Berkeley SoftFloat’s header
softfloat.h
, in the declarations of variablessoftfloat_roundingMode
,softfloat_detectTininess
,extF80_roundingPrecision
, andsoftfloat_exceptionFlags
. To use the supplied, unmodified headersoftfloat.h
, this macro must be defined (or not defined) the same as when the SoftFloat library was built.
FLOAT16
- Must be defined if the TestFloat programs are to support the
16-bit half-precision floating-point format.FLOAT64
- Must be defined if the TestFloat programs are to support the
64-bit double-precision floating-point format.EXTFLOAT80
- Must be defined if the TestFloat programs are to support the
80-bit double-extended-precision floating-point format.FLOAT128
- Must be defined if the TestFloat programs are to support the
128-bit quadruple-precision floating-point format.FLOAT_ROUND_ODD
- Must be defined if the TestFloat programs are to support rounding to odd (jamming). To be useful, this option also requires that the Berkeley SoftFloat library was compiled with macro
SOFTFLOAT_ROUND_ODD
defined.
INLINE
and THREAD_LOCAL
, the content of a
macro’s definition is irrelevant;
what matters is a macro’s effect on #ifdef
directives.
It is recommended that any definition of macros LITTLEENDIAN
,
INLINE
, and THREAD_LOCAL
be made in a build
target’s platform.h
header file, because these macros are
expected to be determined inflexibly by the target machine and compiler.
The other five macros select build options, and hence might be better located
in the target’s Makefile (or its equivalent).
testfloat
Program
The supplied sources for the all-in-one testfloat
program cause
testfloat
to test the C compiler’s float
and
double
types for C operations +
, -
,
*
, /
, etc.
The supplied version is also capable of testing C type long
double
if the sources are compiled with one of these macros
defined:
By default,
LONG_DOUBLE_IS_EXTFLOAT80
- Indicates that type
long
double
is80-bit double-extended-precision floating-point.LONG_DOUBLE_IS_FLOAT128
- Indicates that type
long
double
is128-bit quadruple-precision floating-point.
testfloat
assumes that only the IEEE Standard’s
original four rounding modes (near_even
, minMag
,
min
, and max
) are supported by the floating-point
being tested.
For other rounding modes, additional macro can be defined:
SUBJFLOAT_ROUND_NEAR_MAXMAG
- Indicates that the subject floating-point supports rounding mode
near_maxMag
(nearest/away).SUBJFLOAT_ROUND_ODD
- Indicates that the subject floating-point supports rounding mode
odd
(jamming).
To test a new and/or different implementation of floating-point,
testfloat
must normally be retargeted to invoke this other
floating-point instead of C’s floating-point.
Two source files define the functions that testfloat
uses to
invoke floating-point operations for testing:
For the default target of testing C’s floating-point, these files are contained in directorysubjfloat_config.h subjfloat.c
source/subj-C
subjfloat_config.h
and subjfloat.c
be
stored in a sibling subj-<target>
<target>
names the particular
target.
Header file subjfloat_config.h
defines a macro of the form
SUBJ_*
for each subject function supported.
For example, if function subj_f32_add
exists to perform
subjfloat_config.h
should have a definition for macro
SUBJ_F32_ADD
.
The actual function subj_f32_add
is expected to be defined in
subjfloat.c
, along with all other subject functions.
A common header file, subjfloat.h
, (not target-specific) provides
prototype declarations for all possible subject functions that
testfloat
may be compiled to test, whether actually existing or
not.
(There is no penalty for the header to declare prototypes of nonexistent
functions that are never called.)
For a specific build of testfloat
, the -list
option
will list all subject functions that the testfloat
program is able
to invoke and thus test.
In the source code as supplied, macros LONG_DOUBLE_IS_EXTFLOAT80
and LONG_DOUBLE_IS_FLOAT128
affect only the target-specific source
files in source/subj-C
SUBJFLOAT_ROUND_NEAR_MAXMAG
and
SUBJFLOAT_ROUND_ODD
always determine whether the
testfloat
program attempts to test rounding modes
near_maxMag
and odd
, regardless of the subject
floating-point.
If you are serious about using TestFloat for testing floating-point, you should
consider replacing the random number functions in random.c
.
The supplied random number functions are built on top of the standard C
rand
function.
Because function rand
is rather poor on some systems, the
functions in random.c
assume very little about the quality of
rand
.
As a result, rand
is called more frequently than it might need to
be, shortening the time before random number sequences repeat, and possibly
wasting time as well.
If rand
is better on a given target platform, or if another,
better random number generator is available (such as rand48
on
UNIX-derived systems), TestFloat can be improved by overriding the given
random.c
with a target-specific one.
Rather than modifying the supplied file random.c
, it is
recommended instead that a new, alternate file be created and the
target’s Makefile be modified to refer to that alternate file in place of
random.c
.
At the time of this writing, the most up-to-date information about TestFloat
and the latest release can be found at the Web page
http://www.jhauser.us/arithmetic/TestFloat.html


NELL (1994) A Film Review Copyright Dragan Antulov 2001
If we are to believe a character in NELL, 1994 drama directed by Michael Apted, everyone has an ulterior motive, even Mother Theresa. Finding those ulterior motives is difficult and sometimes impossible, but in the case of those who made this film it is rather easy - whole purpose of this endeavour was to bring another Academy Award to its principal actress Jodie Foster.
The plot of this film, based on the play IDIOGLOSSIA by Mark Handley, begins in the remote backwoods of North Carolina. A woman who lived her most of her life in a remote cabin has died and country doctor Jerome Lovell (played by Liam Neeson) discovers her daughter Nell (played by Jodie Foster). Young woman has been taught to hide from the world and it seems that she has never seen another human being apart from her mother. Since the mother suffered a speech-impairing stroke, Nell never learned to speak proper English and instead developed unintelligible language of her own. Authorities, represented by psychologist Dr. Paula Olsen (played by Natasha Richardson), are convinced that Nell can't function in outside world and that her interests would be best served if she is institutionalised. Lovell thinks that she should remain free and manages to delay court decision for three months. In that period both Lovell and Olsen must observe Nell in her natural surroundings and present their findings to the court. Lovell tries to use this as an opportunity to decipher Nell's language and finally establish proper communication.
The plot of NELL deals with very intriguing subject - role of the society and civilisation in forming human mind. Previously this subject was tackled by such great directors like Francois Truffaut and Werner Herzog. British director Michael Apted is not exactly in their league, but his career indicates that he is capable of making decent film out of this material. Unfortunately, he was not capable of compensating the inadequacy of William Nicholson's script. The script, same as anything else in the film, was subjected to the single purpose - create as many opportunities as possible for Jodie Foster to show her ability to portray socially handicapped character. Because of that, the movie is stuffed with scenes in which Foster talks gibberish or lives in her own private world. Naturally, those scenes last too long and Foster, despite all of her talent, becomes irritating after a while. The plot that is supposed to wrap up this character is even worse, filled with all Hollywood cliches that culminate in the corny and quite predictable finale. The only thing that makes this film watchable is a splendid photography by Dante Spinotti that captures natural beauties of North Carolina. But those lovely sights are hardly a reason for viewers to spend almost two hours of their life to watch this single- purpose (and failed) effort.
RATING: 4/10 (+)
Review written on September 18th 2001
Dragan Antulov a.k.a. Drax E-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>http://www.film.purger.com - Filmske recenzije na hrvatskom/Movie Reviews in Croatian
========== X-RAMR-ID: 29552 X-Language: en X-RT-ReviewID: 251130 X-RT-TitleID: 1058921 X-RT-AuthorID: 1307 X-RT-RatingText: 4/10
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Stateful logic is logic that is built into a component. It can be a function that handles a click event or maybe a function that sets toggle state, or even a function that formats data before it gets displayed. Usually, this kind of logic deals with state in the component. Thus the moniker “stateful logic.”
Look at this component. Can you spot the stateful logic built into it?
import React, { useState } from "react";
const DynamicTitle = () => {
const [title, setTitle] = useState("Hooks are so fun!");
const [inputText, setInputText] = useState("");
const handleChanges = (e) => {
setInputText(e.target.value);
};
const changeTitle = (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
setTitle(inputText);
setInputText("");
};
return (

{title}

<form onSubmit={changeTitle}>

<input
className="Input-text"
id="input"
name="inputText"
onChange={handleChanges}
placeholder="Create new title"
type="text"
value={inputText}
/>

New title

</form>

);
};
export default DynamicTitle;
You are probably looking at the two functions - handleChanges
and changeTitle
. If so, that is correct! And we can probably also count the title
and inputText
state in there as well. Those are all great examples of stateful logic. And really, the sky’s the limit on what could be considered stateful logic in a React component.
Now that you can identify stateful logic, go through a few of the React components you’ve built this week. Try to point out examples of different stateful logic. How many different examples did you find?
React is, in essence, a combination of multiple components.  Conceptually, a component lifecycle happens in three phases. This idea is displayed nicely in the following diagram from one of the maintainers of React “Dan Abramov”.
As you can see, the three React lifestyle phases are 1) Birth/Mounting, 2) Growth/Updating, and 3) Death/Unmounting.
This is the phase when the component is being built out from the ground up. A few things are happening here:
Whatever initial data you want access to will be defined on the constructor of this phase
componentDidMount
gets called as well.In the Growth/Updating phase you’re updating compnent data.
setState
can be used to change the component’s state data, forcing a call to render
.shouldComponentUpdate
is a method one could use here to stop a component from calling render if necessary.Again, self-explanatory, but the unmounting phase includes removing the component from the screen.
componentWillUnmount
is called and can be used for any clean up you may need to do.Dive into the documentation at ReactJS (Links to an external site.)and look into some of the key pieces of the LifeCycle API.
The methods that we’re going to look at are:
constructor
render
componentDidMount
componentDidUpdate
componentWillUnmount
Let’s also compare where each of these methods belong within the react lifecycle by taking a look at this diagram (Links to an external site.).
We will explore these in depth later on but for now, focus on warming up to the documentation and the idea that components have a lifecycle.
Read this medium article (Links to an external site.){:target=“_blank”} about the component lifecycle. Take notes and share what you learned in a paragraph to your Project Manager via Slack.## Overview
React gave us the idea of components as independent pieces of UI. And thus far, you have learned how to build out functional components
for use in making multiple DOM elements. Now, we’re going to be learning about the React.Component
base class that allows us to use some of the methods that the React team has curated to tap into what we call the Component Lifecycle
. These methods (known as life cycle hooks more on these to come) give us control over how our components work, and if we’d like to use them, we have to build out a class component that extends
the React.Component
parent class. Any time you see a line of code that looks like the following, you’re using the React.Component parent class, and you have the ability to tap into these methods.
class FooComponent extends React.Component {}
By creating components as classes, you can set up a data object that your component is concerned with. This is done using state
and setting up that object on our constructor method. Once we have some data that we can render out to the DOM, we need a vehicle that will allow us to render that data. This is achieved with the JSX method render()
from within the life-cycle hook. We’ll walk you through the steps below.
Declare your class component
by extending the React.Component
parent class. class FooComponent extends React.Component {}
.
Use the constructor
function to set up some state. because we’re calling extends, we also need to call super();
otherwise we won’t have access the this
We need to render some sort of UI to the DOM. We do this by calling the life-cycle method render
.
I like to remember these steps by referencing one of my favorite bands: Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR), which stands for class, constructor, and render/return.
React.Component
Base class.class FooComponent extends React.Component {
constructor() {
super();
this.state = {};
}
JSX.
render() {
return
Hello, I am Foo Component
;
}
Our final component should look like this.
class FooComponent extends React.Component {
constructor() {
super();
this.state = {};
}
render() {
return
Hello, I am Foo Component
;
}
}
Now that we have constructed a skeleton for our Class component, it can be a bit more dynamic. The way we’ll achieve this will be to use some data that we’ll pre-define as some information we’d like our component to display. We’ll then take that data and do this really cool thing called interpolation
in order to present it to the DOM within some Text.
Components built out extending the Base React.Component
class come with a bunch of benefits directly from the React API. A list of the benefits to what we get out of the Component class can be found here (Links to an external site.), in theReact documentation about class components. We will be discussing the life-cycle
methods at another place in time, so don’t worry too much about those for now.
For now, let’s focus on a component caring about its own state (data) and managing that state in a reactive way. The state
object that we set up on our constructor
has a very React-specific way of doing things. It allows us to drive our UI using data. Again, think about Facebook here. You see a LOT of data and interact with it all of the time when you’re using the Facebook app. Because of the way we work with social media today, we expect this data the UI to represent that data in close to real-time. This is one reason why React is really good and how reactivity can be achieved.
Let’s work together to build out a class component that prints a message to the screen using a few DOM elements. We will hold a message on state, and print that message to the screen by selecting it an assigning it to a DOM element. Then we will take it a step further and pass that message down to another component using props.
Go ahead and navigate over to this Codesandbox (Links to an external site.), where we will write our React Code. CodeSandbox is an online editor that can be used to write React Code right away! I can’t emphasize how cool this really is. For now, you’ll just have to trust me.
You’ll notice that we’re getting an error on this page. As we begin to define our app class, elements will start to come to life on for us. For now, let’s start by simply adding the class through CCR.
When you’re done, your browser window should re-render without any errors. Your app class should look like this:
class App extends React.Component {
constructor() {
super();
this.state = {};
}
render() {
return
Hello From App!
;
}
}
Now, let’s add a property to our state data. Define a message
property on the state object.
this.state = {
message: "Hello from App State!!",
};
Now that we have the message on our component’s state, we can use it through interpolation. In our render method, let’s change the message inside of div
to reference the state object. Remember the this
keyword when pointing to an object on the Class constructor.
render() {
return
{this.state.message}
;
}
Hooray! You’ve now built your first class component, and you’re ready to rock n’ roll.
Let’s take the functionality of this class component that we built earlier and extend it just a little bit. Declare a Functional Component
called RenderMessage
inside this CodeSandbox (Links to an external site.).
div
who’s child is props.message
App
class pass in that RenderMessage
component and pass down a message prop to RenderMessage
. This message prop should be set equal to the message property on the state object.Custom Hooks
, are so-called because you are building the hook yourself (customizing it), to apply non-visual behavior and stateful logic throughout your components. This way, you can reuse the same hook over and over again. Custom hooks follow the same patterns of naming that you’ve already learned (i.e. prefacing the function name with use
, as in useState
). You can build a reusable custom hook for anything from handling controlled inputs, to managing event listeners, or watching for key presses.
Let’s start with the same component that we evaluated in the objective above. Go ahead and look over it one more time, this time making sure to understand what the various parts are doing.
import React, { useState } from "react";
const DynamicTitle = () => {
const [title, setTitle] = useState("This is a class component");
const [inputText, setInputText] = useState("");
const handleChanges = (e) => {
setInputText(e.target.value);
};
const changeTitle = (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
setTitle(inputText);
setInputText("");
};
return (

{title}

<form onSubmit={changeTitle}>

<input
className="Input-text"
id="input"
name="inputText"
onChange={handleChanges}
placeholder="Create new title"
type="text"
value={inputText}
/>

New title

</form>

);
};
export default DynamicTitle;
See how we have a useState
hook, a handleChange
function to update based on any changes, and a changeTitle
function to change the actual title of the component when we submit the form?
Now, what happens if we need to issue state for multiple input
tags? If we were to follow the lead of the patterns shown above, we would end up having to rewrite large amounts of our code for each useState
call that we’ve invoked in order to create state for our second, third, and fourth input
s.
Instead, let’s build out our custom hook that to reuse stateful logic. In this way, we avoid repeating code unnecessarily. Read the following function and try to guess what each piece of code is doing:
export const useInput = (initialValue) => {
const [value, setValue] = useState(initialValue);
const handleChanges = (updatedValue) => {
setValue(updatedValue);
};
return [value, setValue, handleChanges];
};
In this useInput
custom hook function, we’re taking in an initialValue
and returning three new values. We pass initialValue
as a parameter on the function. initialValue
is then passed into the useState
hook, which returns an array with our value
variable and setValue
function (just the same as what you’ve used up to this point).
Next, we have a handleChanges
function that uses the setValue
function to update state to a new value. Finally, we return an array from our useInput
custom hook containing the value
variable, the setValue
function, and the handleChanges
function.
Let’s take a look at this custom hook when it’s imported and used in a component.
import React, { useState } from "react";
import { useInput } from "./useInput.js";
const CustomForm = () => {
const [username, setUsername, handleUsername] = useInput("");
const [password, setPassword, handlePassword] = useInput("");
const [email, setEmail, handleEmail] = useInput("");
const resetValues = (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
setUsername("");
setPassword("");
setEmail("");
};
return (
<form onSubmit={resetValues}>
<input
className="username-text"
id="username"
name="username"
onChange={(e) => handleUsername(e.target.value)}
placeholder="Username"
type="text"
value={username}
/>
<input
className="password-test"
id="password"
name="password"
onChange={(e) => handlePassword(e.target.value)}
placeholder="Password"
type="password"
value={password}
/>
<input
className="email-text"
id="email"
name="email"
onChange={(e) => handleEmail(e.target.value)}
placeholder="Email"
type="text"
value={email}
/>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
);
};
export default CustomForm;
Whoa. That looks crazy, right? Don’t worry. We’re going to dissect this whole script to figure out exactly what each part is doing.
First off, notice that we’re invoking the useInput
custom hook three times at the top of the component and passing in an empty string as each one’s initial value:
const [username, setUsername, handleUsername] = useInput("");
const [password, setPassword, handlePassword] = useInput("");
const [email, setEmail, handleEmail] = useInput("");
Our useInput
hook returns a new copy of our custom hook and state each time. Also, because array destructuring is based on positioning and not the name, we are allowed by JavaScript to name each of the three items returned from useInput
in different ways. This is why we can set the first item to username
, the second to setUsername
, and the third to handleUsername
while the next two useInput
calls return differently-named variables and functions.
From these invocations, it now becomes easy to rig up each of our input tags in our JSX just the same as we did before. Here they are again for your reference:
<form onSubmit={resetValues}>
<input
className="username-text"
id = "username";
name = "username";
onChange={e => handleUsername(e.target.value)}
placeholder = "Username";
type = "text";
value={username}
/>
<input
className="password-test"
id = "password";
name = "password";
onChange={e => handlePassword(e.target.value)}
placeholder = "Password";
type = "password";
value={password}
/>
<input
className="email-text"
id = "email";
name = "email";
onChange={e => handleEmail(e.target.value)}
placeholder = "Email";
type = "text";
value={email}
/>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
Notice how we are setting our handleUsername
, handlePassword
, and handleEmail
functions to process changes to the input. Remember how we returned a handleChanges
function from our custom hook? Well, we’ve renamed them here (again, thanks to array destructuring) and are using them just the same as before. However, now, we have less code for them in our component.
The final thing you should notice is the resetValue
function. When we invoke it, we use the setValue
s returned from each useInput
(again, each one is named differently) and pass it in our reset value (in this case, an empty string). Isn’t this an easy way to change your state?
Here they are again for your reference:
const resetValues = (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
setUsername("");
setPassword("");
setEmail("");
};
By building out a custom hook, we can skip writing out all of the stateful logic for our non-visual behavior. Custom hooks produce beautiful, DRY
code that is easy to read and use. You have built a reusable piece of code that makes it easy for you to import anywhere in your application and build out stateful logic in any of your components.
Now that you can identify custom hook logic and how you might both create and use it in your components, go back to several components you’ve built over the last week and refactor the state in some forms you made to use the useInput
custom hook from the component in the examples above. Click here (Links to an external site.) to access the code within this video’s follow-along exercise.
Up until this point, our applications have been fairly simple. One or two components with a bit of state to allow for interaction. As our applications grow, so to do the complexity way components relate to each other. To do this, it helps to see our components as being structure in a parent / child
relationship.
Here is an example of a more complicated application hierarchy.
Simple or complex, every application needs shared, persistent data to run.
Currently, we have been using state
to hold that data. Unlike statically defined data within our component, state is persistent, changeable and can flow into other components through use of prop drilling
. Changes to state immediately rerender the parts of our components effected by that change of state in a process called reactivity
. When working with more complex component trees, state always runs from a parent
component down to a child
.
What if we want to modify that data? Well, just as we can pass parent state down through props, we can also pass functions that modify child state! Executing these functions in our child components will cause state to change at our parent level components, resulting in reactive rendering through out all our application!
We have already seen how to pass state through props using functional components. Now, let’s take a look at how we work with state in class based components.
Consider the following component:
class App extends React.Component {
constructor() {
super();
this.state = {
welcomeMessage: "world!",
};
}
render() {
return (

Hello, {this.state.welcomeMessage}!

);
}
}
Let’s create a sub component using functional components to hold our welcome message.
const WelcomeBanner = (props) => {
return
Hello, {props.message}!
;
};
Now, lets refactor our component using React classes.
class WelcomeBanner extends React.Component {
render(){
return(

Hello, {this.props.message}

}
}
Notice that props are not passed in as they were in functional components. Instead, props are attached to the this object, just like state.
Great! We are sharing data between a component’s state and a component’s props. This means that when the state object changes, so too will the props.
Now let’s add in the ability to modify that state. To do this we will need to:
Let’s start at bottom, our child component. Let’s say that we want use a form to dynamically update our message statement. This small component should do nicely:
const FormComponent = props => {
return (
<form>
<input placeholder="change state" onChange={props.updateStateMessage} />
</form>
};
The only problem is, we don’t have access to state all the way down here! Let’s build out our state changing method where it belongs, in App.js our parent
. While we are at it, let’s add our form component to our rendering so we can see it in the first place.
class App extends React.Component {
constructor() {
super();
this.state = {
welcomeMessage: "world!",
};
}
updateStateMessage = (e) => {
this.setState({ welcomeMessage: e.target.value });
};
render() {
return (

<WelcomeBanner message={this.state.welcomeMessage} />
<FormComponent updateStateMessage={this.updateStateMessage} />

);
}
}
And there we go! We successfully passed our state data
downstream through props
in WelcomeBanner. At the same time, we can also successful pass data back upstream by executing state modifying functions
passed through props
in FormComponent.
Using the components we just created (App, FormComponent and MessageComponent), try building out a form that will allow a user to handle data. You’ll need a button, input field, and some data-bound to a DOM element that displays what the user is submitting.
When a user clicks submit, show the data that’s on state in an alert
statement.
Loop over a list of items showing those items to the screen. (Can be a list of strings). When a user clicks submit, instead of logging the item, push an item into that list, and watch the magic happen.
Lets set up a form component that we can use to update our message component from above.
const WelcomeBanner = (props) =>
Hello, {props.message}!
;
class App extends React.Component {
constructor() {
super();
this.state = {
welcomeMessage: "world!",
};
}
render() {
return (

<WelcomeBanner message={this.state.welcomeMessage} />

);
}
}
Now let’s build a form component that can handle some data defined on state, below on the child components.
const FormComponent = (props) => {
return (
<form>
<input placeholder="change state" onChange={props.updateStateMessage} />
</form>
);
};
We’re going to need to build out a change handler function on our App
component that we can pass down to the form. We’ll have to define the prop as updateStateMessage
in order to make our onChange
event handler work out properly.
...
messageChangeHandler = event => {
this.setState({welcomeMessage: event.target.value});
};
render() {
return (

<WelcomeBanner message={this.state.welcomeMessage} updateStateMessage={this.updateStateMessage}/>

);
}
...
Using the following tools:
setState
Build out a form that will allow a user to handle data. You’ll need a button, input field, and some data-bound to a DOM element that displays what the user is submitting.
When a user clicks submit, show the data that’s on state in an alert
statement.
Stretch Loop over a list of items showing those items to the screen. (Can be a list of strings). When a user clicks submit, instead of logging the item, push an item into that list, and watch the magic happen.
Just as we can compose functions in vanilla JavaScript and components in React to create new functionality, we can extend our stateful logic by combining several hooks in a powerful, single custom hook. This compositional ability allows us to build out interesting abilities by combining various hooks in our application.
We can develop this complexity using multiple hooks inside a single custom hook. We’ve done this already when we called useState
inside useInput
. Pretty cool! Now imagine writing several custom hooks and combining all of that logic into a single custom hook to use in your components. The possibilities are dizzying! And amazing! Let’s try it out by expanding the useInput
custom hook we’ve already built.
We need to start by building out a second custom hook. Later on, we’ll combine it with the useInput
custom hook from the previous objective to achieve a more compelling hook with multiple pieces of stateful logic.
First, we’ll implement the new hook that we will call useLocalStorage
:
import { useState } from "react";
const useLocalStorage = (key, initialValue) => {
const [storedValue, setStoredValue] = useState(() => {
const item = window.localStorage.getItem(key);
return item ? JSON.parse(item) : initialValue;
});
const setValue = (value) => {
setStoredValue(value);
window.localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(value));
};
return [storedValue, setValue];
};
Let’s walk through what we’re doing here. First, we pass in a key-value (like: “input1,” “input2” ) and an initialValue
. These two parameters (key and value) are used in the useState
hook call and used immediately inside our custom hooks. Instead of just passing in an initial value to this useState
hook, we are using an anonymous arrow function as a callback to do two things:
window.localStorage
has a specific item (retrieved by key
) in itBecause of this, our hook can now successfully check to see if a specific state item exists in localStorage
, and it can use that item if it exists instead of the provided initialValue
. Then, we also have a setValue
function that takes a value
as a parameter, sets it to the current storedValue
by using the setStoredValue
provided by useState
, and sets it localStorage
. As our state is now stored, our custom hook will check here on refresh to see if the state exists.
Now that we have a custom hook for controlling value placement (and updates) in localStorage
, we can combine it with useInput
to create powerful logic. Take a look at the completed code, and then we’ll talk about what it’s doing:
import { useState } from "react";
export const useInput = (key, initialValue) => {
const [value, setValue] = useLocalStorage(key, initialValue);
const handleChanges = (updatedValue) => {
setValue(updatedValue);
};
return [value, setValue, handleChanges];
};
const useLocalStorage = (key, initialValue) => {
const [storedValue, setStoredValue] = useState(() => {
const item = window.localStorage.getItem(key);
return item ? JSON.parse(item) : initialValue;
});
const setValue = (value) => {
setStoredValue(value);
window.localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(value));
};
return [storedValue, setValue];
};
While our useLocalStorage
hook has stayed the same, our useInput
custom hook has some nice upgrades going on. Instead of implementing useState
from React as before, we’re now using useLocalStorage
. Furthermore, we’re also taking in two parameters instead of one - key
and initialValue
. These are then passed directly into the useLocalStorage
hook. Immediately, the hook sets about implementing special logic with the variables as described above. This returns to our useInput
custom hook with either a value from localStorage
or our initialValue, and our useInput
custom hook then returns a value
, setValue
function, and a handleChanges
function in an array just the same as it did before.
Now when we call the useInput
hook in a component to control inputs dynamically, we just need to pass in a unique key for each input to keep track of it in localStorage. Something like this:
const [username, setUsername, handleUsername] = useInput("userName", "");
const [password, setPassword, handlePassword] = useInput("password", "");
const [email, setEmail, handleEmail] = useInput("email", "");
Although this isn’t something you will often do (storing input values in localStorage), this setup is quite powerful, and it effectively demonstrates how composable hooks can be; by combining the stateful logic of multiple custom hooks, you can compose a really nice custom hook with advanced stateful logic.
One final thing to note is that we can employ the useLocalStorage
custom hook in other places now as well. So, not only do we have an extra-powerful useInput
created by composing multiple hooks together, we also have another custom hook available to us anytime we want to persist data in localStorage.
Try to think of different instances where you could compose different custom hooks together, particularly with the new useLocalStorage
hook that you learned above. Be as creative as possible in the implementations that you think of. You can access the example in this video here (Links to an external site.).
In our last objective, we explored how state
can be displayed and changed by passing state value and state modifying functions respectively through props
. We explored this using the onChange eventlistener
. That is, of course, only one of many user event you can integrate into your applications!
We have already seen how events are handled within React class components. We need an event handler
function and we need to link it to an eventlistener
method within our DOM.
class Button extends React.Component {
handleButton = (e) => {
console.log(e);
};
render() {
return <button onClick={this.handleButton}>Click Me</button>;
}
}
Notice once again the need for that this
object when referencing our event handler
. Within class components, just like our props and state, our event handlers are bound to the instance of this class and are accessed through this.
We have also seen that “e” parameter before. This parameter is known is React as a synthetic event
object. Inside this object, we will have access to various pieces of information regarding this event triggered, including the target DOM element, the type of event, and methods that control the propagation of that event like preventDefault. For more details on the synthetic event
objects, check out the reference materials here (Links to an external site.).
Let’s add in some functionality to our event handler.
class Button extends React.Component {
clickHandler = (event) => {
console.log(event); // this is the react Synthetic Event
};
render() {
return <button onClick={this.clickHandler}>Click Me</button>;
}
}
Now, when we click on our button, we can actually print out our synthetic event
object. We can now do anything we want within event handler
, from triggering a change of state to starting an external api call.
Now, let’s build out a little Application that can handle some data that we pass through a few JSX elements. We’re going to build out some event handler
functions using the following event listeners
:
First, let’s build out a singleClickHandler function.
singleClickHandler = () => alert("Single Click!");
Now, we add it to a button within our app’s render function.
render() {
. . .
<button onClick={this.singleClickHandler}>Click Handler Demo</button>
. . .
Lets repeat the process for our doubleClick, mouseEnter and onChange events.
doubleClickHandler = () => alert("Double Clicked!");
mouseEnterHandler = () => alert("Mouse Entered");
changeHandler = () => alert("Item was changed");

Hello Handlers

Lets build out some handler functions.

<button onClick={this.singleClickHandler}>Click Handler Demo</button>
<button onDoubleClick={this.doubleClickHandler}>Double Click Handler</button>

Mouse Enter

<input onChange={this.changeHandler} placeholder="Change my input" />

;
Try playing around with the events and see how are interacting one with another.
Lets take a closer look at the input onChange event for a min. Let’s pass in the synthetic event through the function body by adding it as a parameter
to the event handler
connected to it.
changeHandler = (e) => alert(event.target.value);
One of the most useful properties attached to synthetic events
is target. This provides information on the text, value, style, attached attributes and other useful data within our DOM element. In this case we can print out our input’s value.
Lets add in some state to get realtime feedback of what we are typing. Once again, we do this within class components by within the class constructor
and make our app display that change.
class App extends React.Component {
constructor() {
super();
this.state = {
displayText: '',
}
}
…
render() {
return( …

{this.displayText}

…
);
}
}
Lets also update our change handler to update our state:
changeHandler = (event) => {
this.setState({ displayText: event.target.value });
};
Excellent! Now, setState
will update our display property on our state object by simply typing in the input field. Let’s prove this by logging our state object inside the render function.
...
render() {
console.log(this.state);
...
You can see a working copy of this example here (Links to an external site.).
Lets expand on our example!
Fork the code provided above and do the following.


{foreach ($this->input->values as $this->value => $this->description)}
{if (is_array($this->rawValue))}
{$this->isSelected = in_array($this->value, $this->rawValue);}
{:}
{$this->isSelected = ($this->value == $this->rawValue);}
{/}
isSelected)} checked="checked"{/}
/>
{/}


Cryptopia, the New-Zealand cryptocurrency exchange, was the talk of the town ever since it was compromised in the hacks of January 2019. However, for the past few days, the exchange has been making all possible efforts to re-open its services for customers, giving them all th...


Repositories Application By Jakub Pisula
repositories
about author
Check user repositories today!
This application allows you to get info about user's github repositories which were updated after chosen date.
Check this functionality by yourself!
Check someone's github repositories!
Example of search result:
Search for user repositories:
Username:
Updated after:
Search


Use this command to toggle on or off the display of the “Standard Toolbar”. The Standard Toolbar and the Edit Bar (see View Edit Bar command) are default toolbars which have buttons for many common commands in HexEdit Pro. A check mark appears next to the menu item when the Standard Toolbar is displayed.
See Standard Toolbar for help on using the toolbar. The Customize Commands page allows you to completely reconfigure all toolbars and even create new ones.


Sand Eagles mull over allowances - The Nation Newspaper
Olalekan Okusan
Despite their listless performance at the 2019 FIFA Beach World Cup holding in Paraguay, the Sand Eagles are threatening fire and brimstones over unpaid allowances.
The coach Audu Adamu-led side were beaten black and blue as they suffered in two cricket score defeats to Portugal (10-1) and (Brazil 12-2) as well as losing 6-5 to Oman 6-5 to finish the tournament without a win and pointless.
But the captain of the team, Abu Azeez has lamented over the team’s shabby treatment over the years by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF), adding the team was not motivated to do well in Paraguay.
“Copa Lagos and World Cup are not enough to motivate a player even if we are playing for the badge. I think the team lacked attention and needs proper technical management. Some of our good players were dropped for being old,” the 25-year-old Azeez opened the Pandora Box on his Instagram (@officialazeez) account.
He continued: “But it seems the poor arrangement is affecting the players. We got into camp on October 21 to prepare for Copa Lagos. We played Copa Lagos on November 1 to 3 and we stayed in camp again till November 8. We were paid N20, 000 only. We got to Paraguay on November 10 till date and we were entitled to 19 days allowance.
“I was almost dropped in 2016 because I complained that we have not been paid. We were in Bahamas for the World Cup in 2017 and we were paid N150, 000 only,” he said.


Autograd in C++ Frontend¶
The autograd
package is crucial for building highly flexible and dynamic neural
networks in PyTorch. Most of the autograd APIs in PyTorch Python frontend are also available
in C++ frontend, allowing easy translation of autograd code from Python to C++.
In this tutorial we’ll look at several examples of doing autograd in PyTorch C++ frontend. Note that this tutorial assumes that you already have a basic understanding of autograd in Python frontend. If that’s not the case, please first read Autograd: Automatic Differentiation.
Basic autograd operations¶
(Adapted from this tutorial)
Create a tensor and set torch::requires_grad()
to track computation with it
auto x = torch::ones({2, 2}, torch::requires_grad());
std::cout << x << std::endl;
Out:
1 1
1 1
[ CPUFloatType{2,2} ]
Do a tensor operation:
auto y = x + 2;
std::cout << y << std::endl;
Out:
3 3
3 3
[ CPUFloatType{2,2} ]
y
was created as a result of an operation, so it has a grad_fn
.
std::cout << y.grad_fn()->name() << std::endl;
Out:
AddBackward1
Do more operations on y
auto z = y * y * 3;
auto out = z.mean();
std::cout << z << std::endl;
std::cout << z.grad_fn()->name() << std::endl;
std::cout << out << std::endl;
std::cout << out.grad_fn()->name() << std::endl;
Out:
27 27
27 27
[ CPUFloatType{2,2} ]
MulBackward1
27
[ CPUFloatType{} ]
MeanBackward0
.requires_grad_( ... )
changes an existing tensor’s requires_grad
flag in-place.
auto a = torch::randn({2, 2});
a = ((a * 3) / (a - 1));
std::cout << a.requires_grad() << std::endl;
a.requires_grad_(true);
std::cout << a.requires_grad() << std::endl;
auto b = (a * a).sum();
std::cout << b.grad_fn()->name() << std::endl;
Out:
false
true
SumBackward0
Let’s backprop now. Because out
contains a single scalar, out.backward()
is equivalent to out.backward(torch::tensor(1.))
.
out.backward();
Print gradients d(out)/dx
std::cout << x.grad() << std::endl;
Out:
4.5000 4.5000
4.5000 4.5000
[ CPUFloatType{2,2} ]
You should have got a matrix of 4.5
. For explanations on how we arrive at this value,
please see the corresponding section in this tutorial.
Now let’s take a look at an example of vector-Jacobian product:
x = torch::randn(3, torch::requires_grad());
y = x * 2;
while (y.norm().item<double>() < 1000) {
y = y * 2;
}
std::cout << y << std::endl;
std::cout << y.grad_fn()->name() << std::endl;
Out:
-1021.4020
314.6695
-613.4944
[ CPUFloatType{3} ]
MulBackward1
If we want the vector-Jacobian product, pass the vector to backward
as argument:
auto v = torch::tensor({0.1, 1.0, 0.0001}, torch::kFloat);
y.backward(v);
std::cout << x.grad() << std::endl;
Out:
102.4000
1024.0000
0.1024
[ CPUFloatType{3} ]
You can also stop autograd from tracking history on tensors that require gradients
either by putting torch::NoGradGuard
in a code block
std::cout << x.requires_grad() << std::endl;
std::cout << x.pow(2).requires_grad() << std::endl;
{
torch::NoGradGuard no_grad;
std::cout << x.pow(2).requires_grad() << std::endl;
}
Out:
true
true
false
Or by using .detach()
to get a new tensor with the same content but that does
not require gradients:
std::cout << x.requires_grad() << std::endl;
y = x.detach();
std::cout << y.requires_grad() << std::endl;
std::cout << x.eq(y).all().item<bool>() << std::endl;
Out:
true
false
true
For more information on C++ tensor autograd APIs such as grad
/ requires_grad
/
is_leaf
/ backward
/ detach
/ detach_
/ register_hook
/ retain_grad
,
please see the corresponding C++ API docs.
Computing higher-order gradients in C++¶
One of the applications of higher-order gradients is calculating gradient penalty.
Let’s see an example of it using torch::autograd::grad
:
#include <torch/torch.h>
auto model = torch::nn::Linear(4, 3);
auto input = torch::randn({3, 4}).requires_grad_(true);
auto output = model(input);
// Calculate loss
auto target = torch::randn({3, 3});
auto loss = torch::nn::MSELoss()(output, target);
// Use norm of gradients as penalty
auto grad_output = torch::ones_like(output);
auto gradient = torch::autograd::grad({output}, {input}, /*grad_outputs=*/{grad_output}, /*create_graph=*/true)[0];
auto gradient_penalty = torch::pow((gradient.norm(2, /*dim=*/1) - 1), 2).mean();
// Add gradient penalty to loss
auto combined_loss = loss + gradient_penalty;
combined_loss.backward();
std::cout << input.grad() << std::endl;
Out:
-0.1042 -0.0638 0.0103 0.0723
-0.2543 -0.1222 0.0071 0.0814
-0.1683 -0.1052 0.0355 0.1024
[ CPUFloatType{3,4} ]
Please see the documentation for torch::autograd::backward
(link)
and torch::autograd::grad
(link)
for more information on how to use them.
Using custom autograd function in C++¶
(Adapted from this tutorial)
Adding a new elementary operation to torch::autograd
requires implementing a new torch::autograd::Function
subclass for each operation. torch::autograd::Function
s are what torch::autograd
uses to compute the results and gradients, and encode the operation history. Every
new function requires you to implement 2 methods: forward
and backward
, and
please see this link
for the detailed requirements.
Below you can find code for a Linear
function from torch::nn
:
#include <torch/torch.h>
using namespace torch::autograd;
// Inherit from Function
class LinearFunction : public Function<LinearFunction> {
public:
// Note that both forward and backward are static functions
// bias is an optional argument
static torch::Tensor forward(
AutogradContext *ctx, torch::Tensor input, torch::Tensor weight, torch::Tensor bias = torch::Tensor()) {
ctx->save_for_backward({input, weight, bias});
auto output = input.mm(weight.t());
if (bias.defined()) {
output += bias.unsqueeze(0).expand_as(output);
}
return output;
}
static tensor_list backward(AutogradContext *ctx, tensor_list grad_outputs) {
auto saved = ctx->get_saved_variables();
auto input = saved[0];
auto weight = saved[1];
auto bias = saved[2];
auto grad_output = grad_outputs[0];
auto grad_input = grad_output.mm(weight);
auto grad_weight = grad_output.t().mm(input);
auto grad_bias = torch::Tensor();
if (bias.defined()) {
grad_bias = grad_output.sum(0);
}
return {grad_input, grad_weight, grad_bias};
}
};
Then, we can use the LinearFunction
in the following way:
auto x = torch::randn({2, 3}).requires_grad_();
auto weight = torch::randn({4, 3}).requires_grad_();
auto y = LinearFunction::apply(x, weight);
y.sum().backward();
std::cout << x.grad() << std::endl;
std::cout << weight.grad() << std::endl;
Out:
0.5314 1.2807 1.4864
0.5314 1.2807 1.4864
[ CPUFloatType{2,3} ]
3.7608 0.9101 0.0073
3.7608 0.9101 0.0073
3.7608 0.9101 0.0073
3.7608 0.9101 0.0073
[ CPUFloatType{4,3} ]
Here, we give an additional example of a function that is parametrized by non-tensor arguments:
#include <torch/torch.h>
using namespace torch::autograd;
class MulConstant : public Function<MulConstant> {
public:
static torch::Tensor forward(AutogradContext *ctx, torch::Tensor tensor, double constant) {
// ctx is a context object that can be used to stash information
// for backward computation
ctx->saved_data["constant"] = constant;
return tensor * constant;
}
static tensor_list backward(AutogradContext *ctx, tensor_list grad_outputs) {
// We return as many input gradients as there were arguments.
// Gradients of non-tensor arguments to forward must be `torch::Tensor()`.
return {grad_outputs[0] * ctx->saved_data["constant"].toDouble(), torch::Tensor()};
}
};
Then, we can use the MulConstant
in the following way:
auto x = torch::randn({2}).requires_grad_();
auto y = MulConstant::apply(x, 5.5);
y.sum().backward();
std::cout << x.grad() << std::endl;
Out:
5.5000
5.5000
[ CPUFloatType{2} ]
For more information on torch::autograd::Function
, please see
its documentation.
Translating autograd code from Python to C++¶
On a high level, the easiest way to use autograd in C++ is to have working autograd code in Python first, and then translate your autograd code from Python to C++ using the following table:
Python |
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After translation, most of your Python autograd code should just work in C++. If that’s not the case, please file a bug report at GitHub issues and we will fix it as soon as possible.
Conclusion¶
You should now have a good overview of PyTorch’s C++ autograd API. You can find the code examples displayed in this note here. As always, if you run into any problems or have questions, you can use our forum or GitHub issues to get in touch.


Kazunari Ninomiya of popular boy band Arashi marries former announcer
Kazunari Ninomiya, a member of male idol group Arashi, has married a former announcer, his office said Tuesday.
The 36-year-old singer and actor married a 38-year-old woman, Johnny & Associates Inc. said, although it declined to disclose her name. Ninomiya is the first of the five-member group to tie the knot.
“I’ve married a woman I have been seeing,” he said in a release.
In a message to his fans, Ninomiya said he had “made the decision to demonstrate his commitment.”
Arashi — one of the most successful idol groups created by the entertainment agency — said in January that it would suspend its activities at the end of 2020.
The group will hold two concerts at the new National Stadium in May ahead of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics. They will also have a concert in Beijing next spring.
Arashi also performed a song at a national festival at the Imperial Palace Plaza in Tokyo on Saturday to celebrate the enthronement of Emperor Naruhito.
The group wrote on its Twitter account, set up earlier this month, that they had traveled to Jakarta, Singapore, Bangkok and Taipei over the weekend to meet with fans in Asia.
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Host and Hostname
From this section, you can add your printer's name (serial number) and its hostname (so that this app may connect to it).
Your printer has a serial number on the back: serial-number as its name and serial-number.local as its hostname...
...which will work for anyone with an OS X or iOS computer or those who have installed iTunes (specifically the related Bonjour broadcast protocol from Appple).
For anyone else, for the hostname field they will need to use the dotted IP address of their printer which can be found in the LCD menu under Utilities -> Network -> Network Status.
Printer API Key
This section allows you to enter your printer's API key which is essential for permissioning you to gather information from it. You can find this under the LCD's Utilities -> Network -> API QR Code menu option.
Webcam URL
If you have one, this section will connect this app with your printer's optional webcam. You may then use this app to stream a live video feed from your printer.
Finalize Setup
This section will complete the profile for your new printer so that you can connect to it with this app.


Deep Diagnosis
Diabetes Retinopathy
Skin Cancer
There is a {{confidence}}% chance of this being a case of Severe Diabetic Retinopathy.
Please consult a Doctor immediately.