ABOUT
Hi there, I am Mainak Chaudhuri. I am a B.Tech second year student, pursuing Computer Science and Engineering from the SRM University, Chennai. I am a diligent, motivated guy and a rational thinker. I have a passion for data and hence, I also love to work on projects related to Data Science, Machine Learning and Deep Learning. I also have knack for Full-stack Web Development and possess more than 2 years of freelaning experience in this field. To know more about me, kindly scroll down this page.
Data Science Enthusiast & Web Developer.
This is a list of few information about me :
- Birthday: 17 April 2001
- City: Kolkata, India
- Branch: Computer Science and Engineering
- Age: 20
- Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Course: Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech)
Facts
These are few of my acheivements, in the course of my learning. I wish to learn more and more in the days to come.
Certificates
Projects
Git commits
Hours Of Coding
Skills
These are a list of few of my best skills and their evaluations based on the degree of knowledge, I possess in them. I have evaluated them through a careful analysis of my average performances in these domains over time.
RESUME
This is a formal demonstration of my education, skills, participations and experiences. All the processes are listed chronologically.
Sumary
Mainak Chaudhuri
Innovative and result-driven Data Science Enthusiast, Web Developer and Competitive Coder with 2+ years of experience in web designing and development. I love to work on Data Science, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence based projects and always ensure speed and quality in the products developed by me.
Education
Indian Certificate of School Examination,(ICSE)
2013 - 2017
Vision International School, Makhla
- I studied here from class VII to class X and I have also completed my board examinations from this school.
- Participated in inter-house debates, elocutions and chess.
- Participated and won 3 gold medals in International Olympiad Examinations in 3 consecutive years.
- Marks Obtained : 90.5%
Senior Secondary Education, (AISSCE)
2017 - 2019
Bodhicariya Senior Secondary School, Rajarhat
- I studied in this school from class XI to class XII and I have also completed my higher secondary board examinations from here.
- Participated in inter-house badminton leagues.
Bachelor of Technology, (B. Tech)
2019 - 2023
SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai
- Computer Science and Engineering.
- Specialisation in Big Data Analytics.
- Presently, in the 2nd Year of my course.
- Participated in 3 Hackathons, 2 Coding challenges and 1 Workshop
- CGPA : 8.75
Experience
Web Developer Intern
Dec,2019 - Jan,2020
8 Sems, Telangana
- Developed a commercial website for the company from scratch using techs like HTML5, CSS3, Bootstrap, JavaScript, Jquery, MySQL and PHP.
- Maintained a good communication with the company owners and worked following industrial standars, sticking to deallines and delivering quality products on time.
- With the product designed, the company witnessed a 15.8% gain in the website traffic within a week of deployment.
Data Science and Business Analytics Intern
Feb,2021 - Mar,2021
The Spark Foundation, India
- Performed in-depth analysis of the datasets provided by the company.
- Worked with efficient machine learning models like regressions, classifiers, clustering and reinforcement ML, dashboards and visualizations to analyse and present the data in an easy understandable and attractive manner.
- Created 10+ notebooks, presentations and data models within a month for clients and account managers.
PORTFOLIO
The demonstration of 24 of the projects which I have completed during my B.Tech. These are divided into subdomains like Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Explanatory Data Analysis, Natural Language Processing, Python Projects and some Web Development Projects. Now, every project could not be included in a limited space. If you want to view more, please follow my github link. Feel free to browse through the displayed projects. You may also mail me which parts of a project or projects you liked the most.
- All
- ML
- DL
- EDA
- TSA
- NLP
- Py
- R
- Web
Iris Classifier
Fashion MNIST Classifier
Car Features Analysis
Stock Market Analysis
Restaurant Business Website
Snake Game
SMS Spam Detection
Credit Card Fraud Detection
Breast Cancer Prediction
COVID-19 Prediction and Analysis
HR Data Analysis
Suicide Rate EDA
Airline Passengers Time Series
Indian Flag Maker
COVID-19 Dashboard
Hotel Reviews Sentiment Analysis
Notebooker Pro
House Price Prediction
Number Plate Detection
Air Quality Analysis
Diamond Quality Dashboard
MausamDoot Weather App
Scienctific Calculator
IMDb Movie Recommender
SERVICES
These are the features of the services which I provide to my clients through my work.
Rich Development
I always try to make the best quality products for my clients and hence have a fairly large connection of satisfied customers.
Insightful Work
The products developed by me are always user-friendly and easy to understand for both end user and other developers.
Punctuality
Time is money. Therefore, I always try to be punctual and rather faster than my assigned deadlines when it comes to product delivery.
Innovative Ideas
Innovation is the other name of my work. You can always find something "out-of-the-box" in my works.
Best in Class(UI/UX)
The better a website looks, the more traffic it hooks. So a good looking UI and a great UX is must.
Always Connected
A better connection with clients is always beneficial for a developer. I love to keep connected.
 The support of these people are priceless in my journey.
Mainak was my junior in College.  I have seen the zeal in him to chase and achieve the goals he sets for himself. His passion and dedication towards his work is something that sets him apart from the rest. I believe, his insatiable quest for knowledge will always help him grow and succeed.
Mr. Alapan Kar
Analyst at Deloitte Consulting
Mainak is brilliant at web development and data science in general. He is also a diligent guy with a strong zeal of learning. He's a talented young lad and a great person to work with. He is also very generous and always ready to help others in any need. I strongly recommend him for future opportunities and a bright career ahead.
Mr. Samraj Khokar
Entrepreneur, Actor, Emcee, Host, Anchor, Public speaker, Aerospace engineer
Mainak has been a bright student since I have met him. He is talented and brilliant with his skills and ideas that might help him build for himself a blazing upcoming. A triumphant in the making. An intelligent student and a wonderful teacher at the same time, juxtaposed a completion in him. It’s rare that you come across standout talent like Mainak.
Ms. Sumagna Banerjee
Asian International School, Asst. English Teacher
CONTACT
Magnam dolores commodi suscipit. Necessitatibus eius consequatur ex aliquid fuga eum quidem. Sit sint consectetur velit. Quisquam quos quisquam cupiditate. Et nemo qui impedit suscipit alias ea. Quia fugiat sit in iste officiis commodi quidem hic quas.
Location:
Dankuni, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Call:
+91 89817 97415


You were not entitled to free prescriptions under Universal Credit
Your Universal Credit award did not allow you to collect free prescriptions at the time you had claimed 2017, because your take home pay was more than £{{amount}}.
What to do next
You have the following options:
-
Pay the total amount of £68.60.
-
Send us proof that you were entitled to free prescriptions or had a valid prescription prepayment certificate at the time you had claimed 2017.
If you were not entitled to free prescriptions but have an exceptional reason why you made the claim, you can ask us to review your Penalty Charge Notice.Find out if you can ask for a review.


This is a collection of "prose objects," codified legal documents, forms for a generalized framework for data sharing and set of supporting materials. These are initially focused on sharing of information relating to epidemics among NGOs and from the private sector.
You can use these prose objects privately by creating an "instance" of CommonAccord - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-06FzulLpQ.
Transacting platforms can integrate them by writing their own rendering engine.
Let us hear from you. commonaccord@gmail.com


In Difio you can import full set of application dependencies. This means telling Difio all package names and versions that you have currently deployed to run your application.
Difio will automatically monitor all packages on your account and generate analytics when new version is available.  For example:
Your dashboard uses text statuses and color codes to identify applications which need update and/or include older packages!
Share the love and invite your hacker friends to try out Difio. We don't spam!


- Hello. My name is Yazan Baker.
- I am a student at AISAC software dev. program.
- I studied OH&S at CNA-QATAR and recently moved to Jordan after graduation.
- I have worked as a Crowd Control in ExxonMobile Tennis Tournament.
- I also had my own e-commerce store in Qatar.
- One of my main goals is to complete this Bootcamp, and be able to grow both intellectually and financially over the coming years.
- My other goals include creating programs to solve real life solutions and to be able to help undeveloped areas in the Middle East become more financially stable.
The 10 Richest People In the World
- 1. Elon Musk
- 2. Jeff Bezos
- 3. Bill Gates
- 4. Bernard Arnault
- 5. Mark Zuckerberg
- 6. Warren Buffett
- 7. Zhong Shanshan
- 8. Larry Page
- 9. Sergey Brin
- 10. Larry Ellison


Ask the supervisor to fill this page.
Check the required items:
train
justice
apple
delhi
volcano
law
Continue


--- layout: dynamian_default ---
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Vision: {{ dynamian.dynamian_vision }}
Mission: {{ dynamian.dynamian_vision }}


# Sprockets: Rack-based asset packaging
Sprockets is a Ruby library for compiling and serving web assets. It features declarative dependency management for JavaScript and CSS assets, as well as a powerful preprocessor pipeline that allows you to write assets in languages like CoffeeScript, Sass, SCSS and LESS.
# Installation #
Install Sprockets from RubyGems:
$ gem install sprockets
Or include it in your project’s `Gemfile` with Bundler:
gem 'sprockets', '~> 2.0'
# Understanding the Sprockets Environment #
You’ll need an instance of the `Sprockets::Environment` class to access and serve assets from your application. Under Rails 3.1 and later, `YourApp::Application.assets` is a preconfigured `Sprockets::Environment` instance. For Rack-based applications, create an instance in `config.ru`.
The Sprockets `Environment` has methods for retrieving and serving assets, manipulating the load path, and registering processors. It is also a Rack application that can be mounted at a URL to serve assets over HTTP.
## The Load Path ##
The *load path* is an ordered list of directories that Sprockets uses to search for assets.
In the simplest case, a Sprockets environment’s load path will consist of a single directory containing your application’s asset source files. When mounted, the environment will serve assets from this directory as if they were static files in your public root.
The power of the load path is that it lets you organize your source files into multiple directories — even directories that live outside your application — and combine those directories into a single virtual filesystem. That means you can easily bundle JavaScript, CSS and images into a Ruby library and import them into your application.
### Manipulating the Load Path ###
To add a directory to your environment’s load path, use the `append_path` and `prepend_path` methods. Directories at the beginning of the load path have precedence over subsequent directories.
environment = Sprockets::Environment.new environment.append_path 'app/assets/javascripts' environment.append_path 'lib/assets/javascripts' environment.append_path 'vendor/assets/jquery'
In general, you should append to the path by default and reserve prepending for cases where you need to override existing assets.
## Accessing Assets ##
Once you’ve set up your environment’s load path, you can mount the environment as a Rack server and request assets via HTTP. You can also access assets programmatically from within your application.
### Logical Paths ###
Assets in Sprockets are always referenced by their *logical path*.
The logical path is the path of the asset source file relative to its containing directory in the load path.
### Serving Assets Over HTTP ###
When you mount an environment, all of its assets are accessible as logical paths underneath the *mount point*. For example, if you mount your environment at `/assets` and request the URL `/assets/application.js`, Sprockets will search your load path for the file named `application.js` and serve it.
Under Rails 3.1 and later, your Sprockets environment is automatically mounted at `/assets`. If you are using Sprockets with a Rack application, you will need to mount the environment yourself. A good way to do this is with the `map` method in `config.ru`:
require 'sprockets' map '/assets' do environment = Sprockets::Environment.new environment.append_path 'app/assets/javascripts' environment.append_path 'app/assets/stylesheets' run environment end map '/' do run YourRackApp end
### Accessing Assets Programmatically ###
You can use the `find_asset` method (aliased as `[]`) to retrieve an asset from a Sprockets environment. Pass it a logical path and you’ll get a `Sprockets::BundledAsset` instance back:
environment['application.js'] # => #<Sprockets::BundledAsset ...>
Call `to_s` on the resulting asset to access its contents, `length` to get its length in bytes, `mtime` to query its last-modified time, and `pathname` to get its full path on the filesystem.
# Using Engines #
Asset source files can be written in another language, like SCSS or CoffeeScript, and automatically compiled to CSS or JavaScript by Sprockets. Compilers for these languages are called engines.
Engines are specified by additional extensions on the asset source filename. For example, a CSS file written in SCSS might have the name `layout.css.scss`, while a JavaScript file written in CoffeeScript might have the name `dialog.js.coffee`.
## Styling with Sass and SCSS ##
[Sass](sass-lang.com/) is a language that compiles to CSS and adds features like nested rules, variables, mixins and selector inheritance.
If the `sass` gem is available to your application, you can use Sass to write CSS assets in Sprockets.
Sprockets supports both Sass syntaxes. For the original whitespace-sensitive syntax, use the extension `.css.sass`. For the new SCSS syntax, use the extension `.css.scss`.
## Styling with LESS ##
[LESS](lesscss.org/) extends CSS with dynamic behavior such as variables, mixins, operations and functions.
If the `less` gem is available to your application, you can use LESS to write CSS assets in Sprockets. Note that the LESS compiler is written in JavaScript, and at the time of this writing, the `less` gem depends on `therubyracer` which embeds the V8 JavaScript runtime in Ruby.
To write CSS assets with LESS, use the extension `.css.less`.
## Scripting with CoffeeScript ##
[CoffeeScript](jashkenas.github.com/coffee-script/) is a language that compiles to the “good parts” of JavaScript, featuring a cleaner syntax with array comprehensions, classes, and function binding.
If the `coffee-script` gem is available to your application, you can use CoffeeScript to write JavaScript assets in Sprockets. Note that the CoffeeScript compiler is written in JavaScript, and you will need an [ExecJS](github.com/sstephenson/execjs)-supported runtime on your system to invoke it.
To write JavaScript assets with CoffeeScript, use the extension `.js.coffee`.
## JavaScript Templating with EJS and Eco ##
Sprockets supports *JavaScript templates* for client-side rendering of strings or markup. JavaScript templates have the special format extension `.jst` and are compiled to JavaScript functions.
When loaded, a JavaScript template function can be accessed by its logical path as a property on the global `JST` object. Invoke a template function to render the template as a string. The resulting string can then be inserted into the DOM.

Hello, <%= name %>!
 // application.js //= require templates/hello $("#hello").html(JST["templates/hello"]({ name: "Sam" }));
Sprockets supports two JavaScript template languages: [EJS](github.com/sstephenson/ruby-ejs), for embedded JavaScript, and [Eco](github.com/sstephenson/ruby-eco), for embedded CoffeeScript. Both languages use the familiar `<% … %>` syntax for embedding logic in templates.
If the `ejs` gem is available to your application, you can use EJS templates in Sprockets. EJS templates have the extension `.jst.ejs`.
If the `eco` gem is available to your application, you can use [Eco templates](github.com/sstephenson/eco) in Sprockets. Eco templates have the extension `.jst.eco`. Note that the `eco` gem depends on the CoffeeScript compiler, so the same caveats apply as outlined above for the CoffeeScript engine.
## Invoking Ruby with ERB ##
Sprockets provides an ERB engine for preprocessing assets using embedded Ruby code. Append `.erb` to a CSS or JavaScript asset’s filename to enable the ERB engine.
*Note*: Sprockets processes multiple engine extensions in order from
right to left, so you can use multiple engines with a single asset. For example, to have a CoffeeScript asset that is first preprocessed with ERB, use the extension `.js.coffee.erb`.
Ruby code embedded in an asset is evaluated in the context of a `Sprockets::Context` instance for the given asset. Common uses for ERB include:
- embedding another asset as a Base64-encoded `data:` URI with the `asset_data_uri` helper
- inserting the URL to another asset, such as with the `asset_path` helper provided by the Sprockets Rails plugin
- embedding other application resources, such as a localized string database, in a JavaScript asset via JSON
- embedding version constants loaded from another file
See the [Helper Methods](FIXME) section for more information about interacting with `Sprockets::Context` instances via ERB.
### String Interpolation Syntax ###
If you need access to Ruby from an asset but cannot use ERB’s `<% … %>` syntax, Sprockets also supports Ruby string interpolation syntax (`#{ … }`) with the `.str` engine extension.
# Managing and Bundling Dependencies #
You can create *asset bundles* — ordered concatenations of asset source files — by specifying dependencies in a special comment syntax at the top of each source file.
Sprockets reads these comments, called directives, and processes them to recursively build a dependency graph. When you request an asset with dependencies, the dependencies will be included in order at the top of the file.
## The Directive Processor ##
Sprockets runs the *directive processor* on each CSS and JavaScript source file. The directive processor scans for comment lines beginning with `=` in comment blocks at the top of the file.
//= require jquery //= require jquery-ui //= require backbone //= require_tree .
The first word immediately following `=` specifies the directive name. Any words following the directive name are treated as arguments. Arguments may be placed in single or double quotes if they contain spaces, similar to commands in the Unix shell.
*Note*: Non-directive comment lines will be preserved in the final
asset, but directive comments are stripped after processing. Sprockets will not look for directives in comment blocks that occur after the first line of code.
### Supported Comment Types ###
The directive processor understands comment blocks in three formats:
/* Multi-line comment blocks (CSS, SCSS, JavaScript) *= require foo */ // Single-line comment blocks (SCSS, JavaScript) //= require foo # Single-line comment blocks (CoffeeScript) #= require foo
## Sprockets Directives ##
You can use the following directives to declare dependencies in asset source files.
For directives that take a path argument, you may specify either a logical path or a relative path. Relative paths begin with `./` and reference files relative to the location of the current file.
### The `require` Directive ###
`require` path inserts the contents of the asset source file specified by path. If the file is required multiple times, it will appear in the bundle only once.
### The `include` Directive ###
`include` path works like `require`, but inserts the contents of the specified source file even if it has already been included or required.
### The `require_directory` Directive ###
`require_directory` path requires all source files of the same format in the directory specified by path. Files are required in alphabetical order.
### The `require_tree` Directive ###
`require_tree` path works like `require_directory`, but operates recursively to require all files in all subdirectories of the directory specified by path.
### The `require_self` Directive ###
`require_self` tells Sprockets to insert the body of the current source file before any subsequent `require` or `include` directives.
### The `depend_on` Directive ###
`depend_on` path declares a dependency on the given path without including it in the bundle. This is useful when you need to expire an asset’s cache in response to a change in another file.
# Development #
## Contributing ##
The Sprockets source code is [hosted on GitHub](github.com/sstephenson/sprockets). You can check out a copy of the latest code using Git:
$ git clone https://github.com/sstephenson/sprockets.git
If you’ve found a bug or have a question, please open an issue on the [Sprockets issue tracker](github.com/sstephenson/sprockets/issues). Or, clone the Sprockets repository, write a failing test case, fix the bug and submit a pull request.
## Version History ##
*2.3.1* (February 11, 2012)
- Added bytesize to manifest
- Added Asset#bytesize alias
- Security: Check path for forbidden access after unescaping
*2.3.0* (January 16, 2012)
- Added special Sass importer that automatically tracks any `@import`ed files.
*2.2.0* (January 10, 2012)
- Added `sprockets` command line utility.
- Added rake/sprocketstask.
- Added json manifest log of compiled assets.
- Added `stub` directive that allows you to exclude files from the bundle.
- Added per environment external encoding (Environment#default_external_encoding). Defaults to UTF-8. Fixes issues where LANG is not set correctly and Rubys default external is set to ASCII.
*2.1.2* (November 20, 2011)
- Disabled If-Modified-Since server checks. Fixes some browser caching issues when serving the asset body only. If-None-Match caching is sufficent.
*2.1.1* (November 18, 2011)
- Fix windows absolute path check bug.
*2.1.0* (November 11, 2011)
- Directive comment lines are now turned into empty lines instead of removed. This way line numbers in CoffeeScript syntax errors are correct.
- Performance and caching bug fixes.
*2.0.3* (October 17, 2011)
- Detect format extensions from right to left.
- Make JST namespace configurable.
*2.0.2* (October 4, 2011)
- Fixed loading stale cache from bundler gems.
*2.0.1* (September 30, 2011)
- Fixed bug with fingerprinting file names with multiple dots.
- Decode URIs as default internal.
- Fix symlinked asset directories.
*2.0.0* (August 29, 2011)
- Initial public release.
# License #
Copyright © 2011 Sam Stephenson <
Copyright © 2011 Joshua Peek <
Sprockets is distributed under an MIT-style license. See LICENSE for details.


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--- layout: post title: "Unit testing wai applications" description: "One way to unit test a wai application with the API provided by Network.Wai.Test." date: 2019-09-23 6:35 UTC tags: [Unit Testing, Haskell] --- {% include JB/setup %}
{{ page.description }}
I'm currently developing a REST API in Haskell using Servant, and I'd like to test the HTTP API as well as the functions that I use to compose it. The Servant documentation, as well as the servant Stack template, uses hspec to drive the tests.
I tried to develop my code with hspec, but I found it confusing and inflexible. It's possible that I only found it inflexible because I didn't understand it well enough, but I don't think you can argue with my experience of finding it confusing.
I prefer a combination of HUnit and QuickCheck. It turns out that it's possible to test a wai application (including Servant) using only those test libraries.
When testing against the HTTP API itself, you want something that can simulate the HTTP traffic. That capability is provided by Network.Wai.Test. At first, however, it wasn't entirely clear to me how that library works, but I could see that the Servant-recommended Test.Hspec.Wai is just a thin wrapper over Network.Wai.Test (notice how open source makes such research much easier).
It turns out that Network.Wai.Test enables you to run your tests in a Session
monad. You can, for example, define a simple HTTP GET request like this:
import qualified Data.ByteString as BS import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy as LBS import Network.HTTP.Types import Network.Wai import Network.Wai.Test get :: BS.ByteString -> Session SResponse get url = request $ setPath defaultRequest { requestMethod = methodGet } url
This get
function takes a url
and returns a Session SResponse
. It uses the defaultRequest
, so it doesn't set any specific HTTP headers.
For HTTP POST requests, I needed a function that'd POST a JSON document to a particular URL. For that purpose, I had to do a little more work:
postJSON :: BS.ByteString -> LBS.ByteString -> Session SResponse postJSON url json = srequest $ SRequest req json where req = setPath defaultRequest { requestMethod = methodPost , requestHeaders = [(hContentType, "application/json")]} url
This is a little more involved than the get
function, because it also has to supply the Content-Type
HTTP header. If you don't supply that header with the application/json
value, your API is going to reject the request when you attempt to post a string with a JSON object.
Apart from that, it works the same way as the get
function.
The get
and postJSON
functions both return Session
values, so a test must run in the Session
monad. This is easily done with Haskell's do
notation; you'll see an example of that later in the article.
First, however, you'll need a way to run a Session
. Network.Wai.Test provides a function for that, called runSession
. Besides a Session a
value, though, it also requires an Application
value.
In my test library, I already have an Application
, although it's running in IO
(for reasons that'll take another article to explain):
app :: IO Application
With this value, you can easily convert any Session a
to IO a
:
runSessionWithApp :: Session a -> IO a runSessionWithApp s = app >>= runSession s
The next step is to figure out how to turn an IO a
into a test.
You can turn an IO a
into a Property
with either ioProperty
or idempotentIOProperty
. I admit that the documentation doesn't make the distinction between the two entirely clear, but ioProperty
sounds like the safer choice, so that's what I went for here.
With ioProperty
you now have a Property
that you can turn into a Test
using testProperty
from Test.Framework.Providers.QuickCheck2:
appProperty :: (Functor f, Testable prop, Testable (f Property)) => TestName -> f (Session prop) -> Test appProperty name = testProperty name . fmap (ioProperty . runSessionWithApp)
The type of this function seems more cryptic than strictly necessary. What's that Functor f
doing there?
The way I've written the tests, each property receives input from QuickCheck in the form of function arguments. I could have given the appProperty
function a more restricted type, to make it clearer what's going on:
appProperty :: (Arbitrary a, Show a, Testable prop) => TestName -> (a -> Session prop) -> Test appProperty name = testProperty name . fmap (ioProperty . runSessionWithApp)
This is the same function, just with a more restricted type. It states that for any Arbitrary a, Show a
, a test is a function that takes a
as input and returns a Session prop
. This restricts tests to take a single input value, which means that you'll have to write all those properties in tupled, uncurried form. You could relax that requirement by introducing a newtype
and a type class with an instance that recursively enables curried functions. That's what Test.Hspec.Wai.QuickCheck does. I decided not to add that extra level of indirection, and instead living with having to write all my properties in tupled form.
The Functor f
in the above, relaxed type, then, is in actual use the Reader functor. You'll see some examples next.
You can now define some properties. Here's a simple example:
appProperty "responds with 404 when no reservation exists" $ \rid -> do actual <- get $ "/reservations/" <> toASCIIBytes rid assertStatus 404 actual
This is an inlined property, similar to how I inline HUnit tests in test lists.
First, notice that the property is written as a lambda expression, which means that it fits the mould of a -> Session prop
. The input value rid
(reservationID) is a UUID value (for which an Arbitrary
instance exists via quickcheck-instances).
While the test runs in the Session
monad, the do
notation makes actual
an SResponse
value that you can then assert with assertStatus
(from Network.Wai.Test).
This property reproduces an interaction like this:
& curl -v http://localhost:8080/reservations/db38ac75-9ccd-43cc-864a-ce13e90a71d8 * Trying ::1:8080... * TCP_NODELAY set * Trying <IP_ADDRESS>:8080... * TCP_NODELAY set * Connected to localhost (<IP_ADDRESS>) port 8080 (#0) > GET /reservations/db38ac75-9ccd-43cc-864a-ce13e90a71d8 HTTP/1.1 > Host: localhost:8080 > User-Agent: curl/7.65.1 > Accept: */* > * Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse < HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found < Transfer-Encoding: chunked < Date: Tue, 02 Jul 2019 18:09:51 GMT < Server: Warp/3.2.27 < * Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
The important result is that the status code is 404 Not Found
, which is also what the property asserts.
If you need more than one input value to your property, you have to write the property in tupled form:
appProperty "fails when reservation is POSTed with invalid quantity" $ \ (ValidReservation r, NonNegative q) -> do let invalid = r { reservationQuantity = negate q } actual <- postJSON "/reservations" $ encode invalid assertStatus 400 actual
This property still takes a single input, but that input is a tuple where the first element is a ValidReservation
and the second element a NonNegative Int
. The ValidReservation newtype wrapper ensures that r
is a valid reservation record. This ensures that the property only exercises the path where the reservation quantity is zero or negative. It accomplishes this by negating q
and replacing the reservationQuantity
with that negative (or zero) number.
It then encodes (with aeson) the invalid
reservation and posts it using the postJSON
function.
Finally it asserts that the HTTP status code is 400 Bad Request
.
After having tried using Test.Hspec.Wai for some time, I decided to refactor my tests to QuickCheck and HUnit. Once I figured out how Network.Wai.Test works, the remaining work wasn't too difficult. While there's little written documentation for the modules, the types (as usual) act as documentation. Using the types, and looking a little at the underlying code, I was able to figure out how to use the test API.
You write tests against wai applications in the Session
monad. You can then use runSession
to turn the Session
into an IO
value.


Program
your
future.
Program your future.
Programs
Partner
Contact
About
What you want to be?
IoT Developer
Cloud Developer
Data Scientist
Who do you want to
hire
?


Here is the showcase of my recent works that demonstrate my skills. Most of the projects represented here are a part of the MEAN stack and JavaScript oriented technologies.
This portfolio is constantly being updated. Check back later to see a wider variety of projects.


Unless you’ve been living under a rock for the last couple of days you will have noticed a bit of a kerfuffle about a vulnerability in OpenSSL. One of the more notable parts of this story has been the wide variety of large companies who have been seriously affected by the problem.
This led me to thinking about the fact that a lot of very large profitable corporations are essentially relying on software that they haven’t purchased and which, I doubt, many of them have good security assurance over.
First Question how many billion dollar companies rely on openssl for secure communications?
Second question how many of those same companies have sponsored a security review of openssl over the last two years?
Now I don’t know the exact answer to either of these questions, but I’m willing to wager that the first is a lot higher than the second.
The real question then becomes, should corporations who rely on open source software be taking an active part in ensuring the security of that software?
Well I’m a security guy so obviously is say yes :-) it seems obvious that if you rely on things you have an interest in the quality of that software…


NuguOAuthClient
public class NuguOAuthClient
<#Description#>
-
The
deviceUniqueId
is unique identifier each device.Declaration
Swift
private(set) public var deviceUniqueId: String { get }
-
The initializer for
NuguOAuthClient
. Create adeviceUniqueId
once for eachserviceName
and device, storedeviceUniqueId
in keychain. If there is adeviceUniqueId
stored in the keychain, it is used.Declaration
Swift
public convenience init(serviceName: String) throws
Parameters
serviceName
The
serviceName
is unique identifier each service (eg. bundle identifier). -
The initializer for
NuguOAuthClient
. Should be useinit(serviceName: String)
instead ofinit(deviceUniqueId: String)
. Only useinit(deviceUniqueId: String)
when it must explicitly useddeviceUniqueId
. It cannot store and validatedeviceUniqueId
.Declaration
Swift
public init(deviceUniqueId: String)
Parameters
deviceUniqueId
The
deviceUniqueId
is unique identifier each device. -
Use to change the
deviceUniqueId
.Declaration
Swift
public func update(deviceUniqueId: String)
Parameters
deviceUniqueId
The
deviceUniqueId
is unique identifier each device.
-
Call this method from the
UIApplicationDelegate.application(app:url:options:)
method of the AppDelegate for your app.It should be implemeted to receive authorization-code by
SFSafariViewController
.Declaration
Swift
class func handle(url: URL)
Parameters
url
The URL as passed to
UIApplicationDelegate.application(app:url:options:)
. -
Authorize with
AuthorizationCode
grant type.Declaration
Swift
func authorize( grant: AuthorizationCodeGrant, parentViewController: UIViewController, completion: ((Result<AuthorizationInfo, NuguLoginKitError>) -> Void)? )
Parameters
grant
The
grant
information thatAuthorizationCodeGrant
parentViewController
The
parentViewController
will present a safariViewController.completion
The closure to receive result for authorization.
-
Shows web-page where TID information can be modified with
AuthorizationCode
grant type.Declaration
Swift
func showTidInfo( grant: AuthorizationCodeGrant, token: String, parentViewController: UIViewController, completion: ((Result<AuthorizationInfo, NuguLoginKitError>) -> Void)? )
Parameters
grant
The
grant
information thatAuthorizationCodeGrant
token
The
token
is access-token currently being used.parentViewController
The
parentViewController
will present a safariViewController.completion
The closure to receive result for authorization.
-
Get some NUGU member information.
Declaration
Swift
func getUserInfo(clientId: String, clientSecret: String, token: String, completion: ((Result<NuguUserInfo, NuguLoginKitError>) -> Void)?)
Parameters
clientId
The
clientId
for OAuth authentication.clientSecret
The
clientSecret
for OAuth authentication.token
The
token
is access-token currently being used.completion
The closure to receive result for getting NUGU member information.
-
Authorize with
RefreshToken
grant type.Declaration
Swift
func authorize(grant: RefreshTokenGrant, completion: ((Result<AuthorizationInfo, NuguLoginKitError>) -> Void)?)
Parameters
grant
The
grant
information thatRefreshTokenGrant
completion
The closure to receive result for authorization.
-
Authorize with
ClientCredentials
grant type.Declaration
Swift
func authorize(grant: ClientCredentialsGrant, completion: ((Result<AuthorizationInfo, NuguLoginKitError>) -> Void)?)
Parameters
grant
The
grant
information thatClientCredentialsGrant
completion
The closure to receive result for authorization.
-
Revoke completly with NUGU
Declaration
Swift
func revoke(clientId: String, clientSecret: String, token: String, completion: ((EndedUp<NuguLoginKitError>) -> Void)?)
Parameters
clientId
The
clientId
for OAuth authentication.clientSecret
The
clientSecret
for OAuth authentication.token
The
token
is access-token currently being used.completion
The closure to receive result for
revoke
.


influenza OpenUrl cells virus cell CrossRef bat &; using viruses bearing Abstract FREE Text produced MDCK luciferase transduction Figure RIE neuraminidase lentiviral Influenza human <;. target used viral UK). lines pseudotypes Download PVs antibodies required sialic study subtypes Science TMPRSS View Web assay different new plasmids potential pseudotype shown significantly ./JVI.- activity added based containing glycoprotein previously production represents Cell HEKT/ Moreira Open data-hide-link-title=""> data-icon-position="" denoted described differences entry figure functional incubated neutralize novel protein strains tab (Thermo -well ./journal.pone. ./pnas. Academy Fisher National Nunclon© ONE, PV. Proceedings Scientific, Significant Table Tong addition analysis asteriks, conserved control glycoproteins lectin luminescence membrane monoclonal order plates previous proteases provided pseudotyped titre use values virology, viruses. Aldrich, CR, Gao, Juozapaitis Li, NA. PV-containing Plates Results Sun UK) absence acidification bats carried cells. concentration did effect fusion gene indicating kindly performed research significant similar species substrate supernatant susceptibility titres transfection tropism vector viruses, zoonotic (Sigma ./j.-...x Bright-Glo™ FI-nt Neutralization PV, Sciences United Virus Viruses. ability acid acids ammonium antibody avian canine chloride data derived distinct envelope expression generation hemagglutinin incubation investigation lines. lower neutralized pCSFLW pre-treatment receptor release reported reporter results sequence studies study, successfully supernatants surface titrated various


unofficial football community in Sri Lanka
unofficial football fanpage in sri lanka created by thulina,chanithi.first Started as a instergram account then made it to a facebook fanpage with over 1000 followers .
finding football fans around sri lanaka through social medias
finding latest football stories and news and share those in our fanpage
scouting sri Lankan playes for clubs like sounders,colombo fc,etc.
Gathering information from pro footballers in sri lanka and share those on our fan page
get in touch with us to develop football around our nation.


Galvanize Delivers
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menu
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github contributions by contributors
Save input data into LocalStorage
Clear LocalStorage
username
personal access token (or password)
Generate my personal access token
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FOR canoe cruising a certain amount of food supplies and the necessary utensils for cooking should be carried in a single box or chest. This is for when you cook a meal on board you may have everything necessary for preparing a meal in one receptacle. Also when going ashore for your repast you can take in your hands everything you need in one journey. If on a long cruise the large portion of your food supply may be kept in different parts of the canoe, but the box should contain sufficient space for at least three meals, and can be replenished from the larger store when stopping for the night or at a camping place for any length of time. The larger the box that your stowage room will allow the greater comfort you will find.
The box may be made of wood, tin or galvanized iron. The wood option costs less and, can be made by the cruiser himself, and if properly made and properly taken care of, should answer the purpose. A box of either japanned or painted tin or galvanized iron will stand much knocking about without fracture, and is therefore preferable when its expense is no objection. Of course it must be water-tight, and if made of wood the nicest joining and dove-tailing must be done, and it should be varnished inside and out with shellac or boat varnish. Arbitrary dimensions cannot be given because of the varying sizes of canoes and the different amounts of provisions carried on cruises, therefore let each canoeist first determine what amount and variety of eatables they will carry, and then construct the box according to their needs, and stowage room in the cockpit.
To carry the provisions in the box so that they will not mix or spill, several water-tight tins should be used. The Consolidated Fruit Jar Company, 49 Warren Street, New York, makes tin screw-tops for jars and canisters that are perfectly water-tight. Send for several of these tops, of assorted sizes, and have a tinsmith make the tin cans of the dimensions you desire, so that they will nest in the box closely. The same company will also furnish you with a pint or quart earthen jar with water-tight screw-top, in which butter may be kept sweet for a long time in hot weather, and which may be enveloped in a net and lowered to the bottom of the river or lake without fear of its leaking.
How to waterproof your own gear
Shop and learn about canoe stoves
Now as to eatables in general, besides what I have already mentioned, condensed milk is a good thing, but condensed coffee, condensed eggs and condensed beef are abominations. Self-raising or Hecker's prepared flour, wheat, rye, Indian or Graham, is easily made into bread and slapjacks. The directions come with the packages. Pilot bread will keep an indefinite time, and is not so unpalatable as hard-tack. Indian meal is very nutritious and easily made up, as it requires nothing to lighten it; scald it before using when it is not fresh. Canned tomatoes, corn, fruits, beans, soups, salmon, etc., are easy to prepare, and can be stored as ballast in the canoe. Mr. Hicks, of the Toronto Canoe Club, prepares certain kinds of food in cans for ballast as follows, according to the American Canoeist: "Get a number of flat square tin cans made like oyster cans, of a handy size to lie under your floor boards.  Get as much meat in as you can before putting in the fat. Put up fruit in square flat cans in the same way. There is your ballast, and heavy stuff it is. When the provisions run short let the crew feed on the ballast. The preparation described is far more nutritious than canned corned beef, is more palatable, and will keep indefinitely—that is, throughout a very long cruise." I have not tried this method of preserving provisions, but the theory is excellent, and I do not see why it would not be a feasible scheme. The Brunswick canned soups are the cheapest made, are easily prepared and as wholesome as any; but I have known squeamish canoeists who would not use them because they didn't like the looks of the powder to which they are desiccated. Dried beef, corned beef, lemons and sardines make good additions to an outfit. Potatoes, onions and other vegetables should be procured en route as needed, if possible.
As it may puzzle some neophytes to know how much of each article of food to take on a cruise, I give below the exact amount of provisions I carried on a cruise of a week last autumn. I did not run short of anything at the end of the week, but I had not provisions enough left for three square meals:


--- title: 'ggraph: Nodes and edges in ggplot' author: Gertjan Verhoeven date: '2019-06-20' summary: A recurring need in statistics is to plot nodes and edges, e.g. for structural causal models, but also for psychometrics this same need arises. here is how to do it with ggplot. slug: ggplot-ggraph-sem-models draft: TRUE categories: - Data science tags: - ggraph - tidygraph - sem baseurl: "https://gsverhoeven.github.io" header: image: "headers/ceiling-clean-clinic-247786.jpg" preview: FALSE ---
A recurring need in statistics is to create plots composed of nodes and edges. This need arises for structural causal models, network analyses but also for psychometric latent factor models.
I try to do all my visualizations in ggplot
. This allows me to build on what I learned previously, and increase my productivity with this tool. The grammar of graphics has been adapted to work with networks /graphs in the tidygraph / ggraph packages, so let's give them a go!
In the words of Thomas Lin Pedersen, the creator of tidygraph and ggraph:
Both node and edge data by itself fits very well within the tidy concept, as each node and edge is, in a >sense, a single observation. Thus, a close approximation of tidyness for relational data is two tidy data >frames, one describing the node data and one describing the edge data.
Let 's try to make a simple model for a Structural Equation Model (SEM) of a latent trait "Intelligence". This trait is measured by three questions (items), that are observed. The three items have different "factor loadings", numbers that we want to plot in the graph.
We begin with loading the required R packages. We need both tidygraph (for the tidy object to hold the data) as well as ggraph (to plot the data).
library(ggraph)
## Loading required package: ggplot2
library(tidygraph)
##
## Attaching package: 'tidygraph'
## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter
We start with defining the nodes. We want a specific layout, so we define all positions manually.
For SEM models, the convention is to represent latent traits as circles, and measured (observed) variables as squares. We encode each nodes type as a variable "latent" (TRUE or FALSE).
# nodes
param_nodes <- data.frame(name = c("Item 1",
"Item 2",
"Item 3",
"Intelligence"))
# circle or square symbol
param_nodes$latent <- c(F, F, F, T)
# positions (ggplot drawing surface scales from 0 to 1 in both dimensions)
param_nodes$x <- c(0, 0, 0, 1)
param_nodes$y <- c(0, 0.5, 1, 0.5)
param_nodes$nsize <- c(24, 24, 24, 36)
# shift the labels to be at the center of the node location
param_nodes$label_hjust <- c(1, 1, 1, 1)*0.5
param_nodes$label_vjust <- c(1, 1, 1, 1)*0.5
The edges define the connections between the nodes. They all originate from the latent node.
# edges
param_edges <- data.frame(from = c( 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4),
to = c( 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3))
param_edges$coef <- c(1, 1, 1, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7)
param_edges$error <- c("e1", "e2","e3", NA, NA, NA)
We use tbl_graph()
to combine both the node and edge datasets into a tidygraph object.
# create tidygraph object
my_tidygraph <- tidygraph::tbl_graph(param_nodes,
param_edges)
Now we are ready to make the plot. We use the manual
layout to make ggraph use our predefined x- and y positions. geom_edge_link()
and geom_node_point()
do most of the work.
I needed to use four scale_*()
calls to get all the scales right.
hp <- ggraph(my_tidygraph,
layout = "manual",
x = x, y = y) +
geom_edge_link(aes(label = coef),
label_dodge = unit(2.5, 'mm'),
alpha = 1,
linetype = 1,
angle_calc = "along",
start_cap = circle(1.2, 'cm'),
end_cap = circle(1.0, 'cm'),
arrow = arrow(angle = 45,
length = unit(0.5, "cm"),
type = "closed",
ends = "last")
) +
geom_edge_loop(
start_cap = circle(1.2, 'cm'),
end_cap = circle(1.2, 'cm'),
arrow = arrow(angle = 45,
length = unit(0.5, "cm"),
type = "closed"),
aes(span = 90, direction = 180)) +
geom_node_point(aes(shape = as.factor(latent), size = nsize),
color = "grey") +
# Node names
geom_node_text(aes(label = name, hjust = label_hjust,
vjust = label_vjust), size = 5) +
# Get the scaling right
scale_x_continuous(expand = expand_scale(0.2)) +
scale_y_continuous(expand = expand_scale(0.2)) +
# geom_point(x = 0, y = 0, col = "red") +
# geom_point(x = 0, y = 1, col = "red") +
# geom_point(x = 1, y = 0, col = "red") +
# geom_point(x = 1, y = 1, col = "red") +
# geom_point(x = 1.2, y = 1.2, col = "red") +
scale_size_continuous(range = c(24, 36)) +
scale_shape_manual(values = c(15, 19), guide = FALSE) +
ggtitle('Single latent factor model') +
theme_graph() +
theme(legend.position = "none")
## Warning: `expand_scale()` is deprecated; use `expansion()` instead.
## Warning: `expand_scale()` is deprecated; use `expansion()` instead.
hp
Finally, display the plot.
hp
Hell yeah!
PM add error correlation structure.


Test your mind from any device running Chrome, Firefox, IE, Opera or Safari.
Choose from our growing selection of puzzles or upload your own image design.
Puzzle Master is hosted on GitHub. Bug reports and pull requests are encouraged.


Great & innovative sites built for Charities and Good causes; designed to support and enhance existing campaigns.
On the 17th December, teams of students from NCI will spend 24 hours designing, developing and deploying sites.
Students get real, hands on experience, charities get well designed, future proof websites. What's not to like?
Ceeds Clondalkin 'Providing services to local people who want to help improve their employment prospects'
The Capuchin Day Centre provides hundreds of breakfast and dinner meals everyday to those who are struggling
Active First Responders 'We are a community based group that will be fully trained in dealing with Cardiac Arrests in the local area'
Friends of A is a collection of friends with an aim to raise money to fund ongoing research into cranial aneurysms'
(Thanks guys)


TeeChart for JavaScript
Weather Underground
Options
Inverted Left Axis
Legend
Legend at left
Panel gradient
Series ColorEach
Text Data URL:
Load
Load XML Data from URL
This browser does not seem to support HTML5 Canvas.


This scenario slightly updates the idea of one-time passwords. The improvement lies in the fact that current password can only be obtained during the time protocol is processed. It is rendered possible due to usage of a symmetric encryption method.
The protocol starts by Server 1 sending a random number to the client called challenge. The client encrypts this number with a secret key and returns the result as response to Server 1 who knows the secret key as well. It decodes the response and compares it with the challenge. When matched, the client’s identity is accepted and he is authenticated.
Excursion key exchange: If n parties (example with n=1000) want to communicate confidential and symmetric cryptography should be used in a way that each two communication partners use one common key, there need to be
˝ * n * (n-1)
different keys. (With n = 1000, this would be 499500 different keys)
Would asymmetric cryptography be used, there needed to be
2 * n
keys. (With n = 1000, this would be 2000 different keys)
Because every station uses symmetric cryptography, Server 1, Server 2 and Client share the same symmetric key in that scenario to communicate confidential for reasons of efficiency. One of the possible solutions for this scenario aim to a connected problem with that characteristic.
Your task as attacker is, again, to find acceptance by Server 1 as Client. This time here are several solutions. If you fail to find one you can get one here.
Challenge response method is in e.g. in cellular mobile networks (respectively GSM networks).


[Erowid Warning: Our understanding of the literature is that there is no such thing as safe use of volatile solvents, aerosols and other street inhalants : their psychoactive effects are inseparable from nerve and organ damage. We have chosen to include these reports to help document the real world use of inhalants, but their inclusion is not intended to imply that they are anything but dangerous.]
I had heard from a mutual friend that huffing freon could produce a very good but short lasting 'buzz'. After learning and studying on how to retrieve the freon from air conditioners, my best friend and I tried it. It's sweet, tastes almost like honey. We were huffing in our 'party barn' with hard wood floors and a pool table. I took in about 4 huffs the first time and handed the bag to my friend. I started to almost feel as if I was falling asleep and sought the nearest chair. As I awoke from what seemed to be an hour long trip and saw my friend crawling around like a dog I found myself laughing. Well, we both 'sobered' up and I tried it again.
This time I was leaning against the pool table and kept huffing and huffing, telling my friend to grab the bag when I closed my eyes.  I woke up in a ear piercing scream that seemed to be coming from my mouth. And to my surprise it was. Laying stomach down on the hard wood floor, my chin propped up. I couldn't move, it was as if I had lost all control over my muscles. My friend came over and tried to help me up.  All-in-all, I had huffed about 10-15 hits, we think, and passed out slamming into the pool table on my travels downward and then onto the floor.   Looking for a cheap high, just forget freon, its a bad scene.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


T
- result typepublic class Accumulator<T> extends Accumulable<T,T>
Accumulable
where the result type being accumulated is the same
as the types of elements being merged, i.e. variables that are only "added" to through an
associative and commutative operation and can therefore be efficiently supported in parallel.
They can be used to implement counters (as in MapReduce) or sums. Spark natively supports
accumulators of numeric value types, and programmers can add support for new types.
An accumulator is created from an initial value v
by calling SparkContext.accumulator
.
Tasks running on the cluster can then add to it using the +=
operator.
However, they cannot read its value. Only the driver program can read the accumulator's value,
using its Accumulable.value()
method.
The interpreter session below shows an accumulator being used to add up the elements of an array:
scala> val accum = sc.accumulator(0)
accum: org.apache.spark.Accumulator[Int] = 0
scala> sc.parallelize(Array(1, 2, 3, 4)).foreach(x => accum += x)
...
10/09/29 18:41:08 INFO SparkContext: Tasks finished in 0.317106 s
scala> accum.value
res2: Int = 10
param: initialValue initial value of accumulator
param: param helper object defining how to add elements of type T
param: name human-readable name associated with this accumulator
param: countFailedValues whether to accumulate values from failed tasks
add, id, localValue, merge, name, setValue, toString, value, zero


Jharkhand: 4 security personnel killed in Naxal attack
The Naxals reportedly also looted weapons from the personnel, among which were a service revolver and three rifles.
by PTIChhattisgarh: Four security personnel were killed after Naxals attacked a PCR van carrying a police party in Chandwa police station area of Latehar district here on Friday.
According to officials, assistant sub-inspector (ASI) Sakra Uranv and three home guards -- Dinesh Kumar, Sikander Singh and Yamuna Ram -- were killed in the incident.
The Naxals reportedly also looted weapons from the personnel, among which were a service revolver and three rifles.
Police and CRPF personnel have been deployed at the spot.
Further details are awaited.
Catch the latest news, live coverage and in-depth analyses from India and World. Follow us on Facebook and Twitter.


Gecode::Support::Thread Class Reference
[Simple thread and synchronization support]
Simple threads. More...
#include <thread.hpp>
Classes | |
| class | Run |
| A real thread. More... | |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static Mutex * | m (void) |
| Mutex for synchronization. | |
| static void | run (Runnable *r) |
| Construct a new thread and run r. | |
| static void | sleep (unsigned int ms) |
| Put current thread to sleep for ms milliseconds. | |
| static unsigned int | npu (void) |
| Return number of processing units (1 if information not available). | |
Static Public Attributes | |
| static Run * | idle = NULL |
| Idle runners. |
Detailed Description
Simple threads.
Threads cannot be created, only runnable objects can be submitted for execution by a thread. Threads are pooled to avoid creation/destruction of threads as much as possible.
Definition at line 296 of file thread.hpp.
Member Function Documentation
| Mutex * Gecode::Support::Thread::m | ( | void | ) | [static] |
Mutex for synchronization.
Definition at line 42 of file thread.cpp.
| void Gecode::Support::Thread::run | ( | Runnable * | r | ) | [inline, static] |
Construct a new thread and run r.
After r terminates, r is deleted. After that, the thread terminates.
If the operating system does not support any threads, throws an exception of type Support::OperatingSystemError.
Definition at line 115 of file thread.hpp.
| void Gecode::Support::Thread::sleep | ( | unsigned int | ms | ) | [inline, static] |
| unsigned int Gecode::Support::Thread::npu | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Member Data Documentation
Thread::Run * Gecode::Support::Thread::idle = NULL [static] |
Idle runners.
Definition at line 323 of file thread.hpp.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:
- gecode/support/thread.hpp
- gecode/support/thread/none.hpp
- gecode/support/thread/pthreads.hpp
- gecode/support/thread/thread.cpp
- gecode/support/thread/thread.hpp
- gecode/support/thread/windows.hpp


--- layout: default date: 30/03/2021 ---
Covers races from 3rd February, 2021 — 24th March, 2021.
Last updated: {{ page.date | date: "%A, %B %e" }}
{% include standings.html riders=site.data.2021.series_1.timetrial teams=site.data.2021.series_1.timetrialteam %} {% include datetime.html %}


--- title: Why Our Universe Must Have Been Born Inside a Black Hole layout: post ---
Another important by-product of Poplawski's approach is that it makes it possible for universes to be born inside the event horizons of certain kinds of black hole. Here, torsion prevents the formation of a singularity but allows a HUGE energy density to build up, which leads to the creation of particles on a massive scale via pair production followed by the expansion of the new universe.


Candy Calc
A calculator for Exp. Candy optimization in Pokémon games. Read the FAQ for more information.
FAQ
What does this calculator do?
-
It calculates the optimal amount of candy you should feed your Pokémon to reach a certain level.
This can be useful for Hyper Training, evolving, or teaching a level-up move to a Pokémon.
What are Exp. Candies?
-
An Exp. Candy is a new kind of item introduced in Pokémon Sword & Shield. These grant Exp. Points when consumed by Pokémon. As shown below, there are 5 sizes, each with a different Experience yield:
Candy Exp. Yield Exp. Candy XS 100 Exp. Candy S 800 Exp. Candy M 3,000 Exp. Candy L 10,000 Exp. Candy XL 30,000 Exp. Candies are also obtainable in Pokémon Legends: Arceus and Pokémon Scarlet & Violet.
How do you use this calculator?
Enter the species of your Pokémon (the Experience Curve will be auto-completed), its current level, and the target level you want it to reach. Additionally, you may indicate how many candies of each type are left in your Bag. Then, click "Calculate" and voilà!
Where do you find Exp. Candy?
-
These items are drop rewards from Max Raid Battles. Raids with a higher number of stars will output larger candy.
Additionally, hikers spread throughout the Wild Area may hand out candy in exchange for Watts and you may also receive them as prizes from the Battle Cafés. However, farming candy through these methods is less efficient than raids.
What does optimal mean?
-
In a perfect world, candy is an unlimited resource that streams directly into the bellies of your dearest battle companions. Since this is not the case, it is wise to carefully allocate your candy in order to maximize their usefulness and prevent any waste of resources.
To calculate the optimal distribution of candy, this calculator solves a mixed-integer linear programming problem. In this problem, the objective function is set to minimize the number of candy required (ci) to meet certain Experience (E). At the same time, the surplus of Exp. Points is also minimized by taking into account the yields of each candy variant (Yi). In mathematical notation, this is represented as follows:
What about Rare Candy?
-
Unlike Exp. Candy, Rare Candy yield an exponential amount of Experience as level increases. This means that consuming a Rare Candy at Lv. 1 does not equate consuming a Rare Candy at Lv. 99. Conversely, an Exp. Candy XL grants a fixed amount of Exp. Points regardless of level. Since the candy distribution problem has been posed as a linear problem, Rare Candies are not factored in.
If you want to take Rare Candies into consideration, lower the target level by the amount of Rare Candies you want to feed your Pokémon and remember that these should be applied after the Exp. Candy.
What about other modifiers?
The yield of Exp. Candies is not modified by other factors such as holding a Lucky Egg.
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