SSLyze Scanner advanced configuration
SSLyze Parameter Description
Options:
--version show program's version number and exit
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--regular Regular HTTPS scan; shortcut for --sslv2 --sslv3
--tlsv1 --tlsv1_1 --tlsv1_2 --tlsv1_3 --reneg --resum
--certinfo --http_get --hide_rejected_ciphers
--compression --heartbleed --openssl_ccs --fallback
--robot
Trust stores options:
--update_trust_stores
Update the default trust stores used by SSLyze. The
latest stores will be downloaded from https://github.c
om/nabla-c0d3/trust_stores_observatory. This option is
meant to be used separately, and will silence any
other command line option supplied to SSLyze.
Client certificate options:
--cert=CERT Client certificate chain filename. The certificates
must be in PEM format and must be sorted starting with
the subject's client certificate, followed by
intermediate CA certificates if applicable.
--key=KEY Client private key filename.
--keyform=KEYFORM Client private key format. DER or PEM (default).
--pass=KEYPASS Client private key passphrase.
Input and output options:
--xml_out=XML_FILE Write the scan results as an XML document to the file
XML_FILE. If XML_FILE is set to "-", the XML output
will instead be printed to stdout.
--json_out=JSON_FILE
Write the scan results as a JSON document to the file
JSON_FILE. If JSON_FILE is set to "-", the JSON output
will instead be printed to stdout. The resulting JSON
file is a serialized version of the ScanResult objects
described in SSLyze's Python API: the nodes and
attributes will be the same. See https://nabla-c0d3.gi
thub.io/sslyze/documentation/available-scan-
commands.html for more details.
--targets_in=TARGETS_IN
Read the list of targets to scan from the file
TARGETS_IN. It should contain one host:port per line.
--quiet Do not output anything to stdout; useful when using
--xml_out or --json_out.
Connectivity options:
--slow_connection Greatly reduce the number of concurrent connections
initiated by SSLyze. This will make the scans slower
but more reliable if the connection between your host
and the server is slow, or if the server cannot handle
many concurrent connections. Enable this option if you
are getting a lot of timeouts or errors.
--https_tunnel=HTTPS_TUNNEL
Tunnel all traffic to the target server(s) through an
HTTP CONNECT proxy. HTTP_TUNNEL should be the proxy's
URL: 'http://USER:PW@HOST:PORT/'. For proxies
requiring authentication, only Basic Authentication is
supported.
--starttls=STARTTLS
Perform a StartTLS handshake when connecting to the
target server(s). StartTLS should be one of: smtp ,
xmpp , xmpp_server , pop3 , ftp , imap , ldap , rdp ,
postgres , auto. The 'auto' option will cause SSLyze
to deduce the protocol (ftp, imap, etc.) from the
supplied port number, for each target servers.
--xmpp_to=XMPP_TO Optional setting for STARTTLS XMPP. XMPP_TO should be
the hostname to be put in the 'to' attribute of the
XMPP stream. Default is the server's hostname.
--sni=SNI Use Server Name Indication to specify the hostname to
connect to. Will only affect TLS 1.0+ connections.
CompressionPlugin:
Test the server(s) for Zlib compression support.
--compression Test the server(s) for Zlib compression support.
CertificateInfoPlugin:
Retrieve and validate the server(s)' certificate chain.
--certinfo Verify the validity of the server(s) certificate(s)
against various trust stores (Mozilla, Apple, etc.),
and check for OCSP stapling support.
--ca_file=CA_FILE Path to a local trust store file (with root
certificates in PEM format) to verify the validity of
the server(s) certificate's chain(s) against.
RobotPlugin:
Test the server(s) for the Return Of Bleichenbacher's Oracle Threat
vulnerability.
--robot Test the server(s) for the Return Of Bleichenbacher's
Oracle Threat vulnerability.
SessionResumptionPlugin:
Analyze the server(s) SSL session resumption capabilities.
--resum Test the server(s) for session resumption support
using session IDs and TLS session tickets (RFC 5077).
--resum_rate Perform 100 session ID resumptions with the server(s),
in order to estimate the rate for successful
resumptions.
HeartbleedPlugin:
Test the server(s) for the OpenSSL Heartbleed vulnerability
(CVE-2014-0160).
--heartbleed Test the server(s) for the OpenSSL Heartbleed
vulnerability.
FallbackScsvPlugin:
Test the server(s) for support of the TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV cipher suite
which prevents downgrade attacks.
--fallback Test the server(s) for support of the
TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV cipher suite which prevents
downgrade attacks.
HttpHeadersPlugin:
Test the server(s) for the presence of security-related HTTP headers.
--http_headers Check for the HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)
and HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) HTTP headers within
the response sent back by the server(s). Also
compute the HPKP pins for the server(s)' current
certificate chain.
SessionRenegotiationPlugin:
Test the server(s)' implementation of session renegotiation.
--reneg Test the server(s) for client-initiated renegotiation
and secure renegotiation support.
OpenSslCipherSuitesPlugin:
Scan the server(s) for supported OpenSSL cipher suites.
--sslv2 List the SSL 2.0 OpenSSL cipher suites supported by
the server(s).
--sslv3 List the SSL 3.0 OpenSSL cipher suites supported by
the server(s).
--tlsv1 List the TLS 1.0 OpenSSL cipher suites supported by
the server(s).
--tlsv1_1 List the TLS 1.1 OpenSSL cipher suites supported by
the server(s).
--tlsv1_2 List the TLS 1.2 OpenSSL cipher suites supported by
the server(s).
--tlsv1_3 List the TLS 1.3 (draft 18) OpenSSL cipher suites
supported by the server(s).
--http_get Option - For each cipher suite, sends an HTTP GET
request after completing the SSL handshake and returns
the HTTP status code.
--hide_rejected_ciphers
Option - Hides the (usually long) list of cipher
suites that were rejected by the server(s).
OpenSslCcsInjectionPlugin:
Test the server(s) for the OpenSSL CCS injection vulnerability
(CVE-2014-0224).
--openssl_ccs Test the server(s) for the OpenSSL CCS injection
vulnerability (CVE-2014-0224).


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Services
Location
- Open terminal
Settings
Check status of all services
Check status of one service (may not always work)
- service [service-name] status
Other common service commands
- service [service-name] start
- service [service-name] stop
- service [service-name] restart
Disable service autostart
service [service-name] stop
update-rc.d -f [service] remove
Common Services
The following services should be disabled if they are not required
Database
E-mail
File Sharing
- nfs
- nmbd
- rpc.mountd
- rpc.nfsd
- smbd
- vsftpd
Music
Networking
- avahi-daemon
- bind
- dnsmasq
- xinetd
- inetd
- sshd
- telnet
Printing, Scanning
Time
Scheduled tasks
Web Server
- apache2
- httpd
- jetty
- nginx
- tomcat
Table of Contents


News organizations first report on the call between Michael Flynn and Sergey Kislyak. David Ignatius of The Washington Post questions what Flynn said and wonders if the exchange (1) undercuts the U.S. sanctions against Russia, and (2) violates the spirit of the Logan Act, which bars U.S. citizens from correspondence intending to influence a foreign government about “disputes” with the United States.
Source: Washington Post


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CDRSKIN(1) CDRSKIN(1) NAME cdrskin - burns preformatted data to CD, DVD, and BD via libburn. SYNOPSIS cdrskin [options|track_source_addresses] DESCRIPTION cdrskin is a program that provides some of cdrecord's options in a com‐ patible way for CD media. With DVD and BD it has its own ways. You do not need to be superuser for its daily usage. Overview of features: Blanking of CD-RW and DVD-RW. Formatting of DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, BD. Burning of data or audio tracks to CD, either in versatile Track at Once mode (TAO) or in Session at Once mode for seamless tracks. Multi session on CD (follow-up sessions in TAO only) or on DVD-R[W] (in Incremental mode) or DVD+R[/DL] or BD-R. Single session Disk-at-once on DVD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-R DL. Single session or emulated ISO-9660 multi-session on overwriteable DVD+RW, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, BD-RE or on data file or block device. Bus scan, burnfree, speed options, retrieving media info, padding, fifo. See section EXAMPLES at the end of this text. General information paragraphs: Track recording model Write mode selection Recordable CD Media Sequentially Recordable DVD or BD Media Overwriteable DVD or BD Media Drive preparation and addressing Emulated drives Track recording model: The input-output entities which get processed are called tracks. A track stores a stream of bytes. More than one track can be burned by a single run of cdrskin. In the terms of the MMC standard all tracks written by the same run constitute a session. Normally, each track is initiated by one track source address argument, which may either be "-" for standard input or the address of a readable file. Alternatively, option cuefile= may be used to read a session description from a text file and to read the session content from a sin‐ gle data file. If no write mode is given explicitly then one will be chosen which matches the peculiarities of track sources and the state of the output media. Some media types can be kept appendable so that further tracks can be written to them in subsequent runs of cdrskin (see option -multi). Info about the addresses of burned tracks is kept in a table of content (TOC) on media and can be retrieved via cdrskin option -toc. This information is also used by the operating systems' CD-ROM read drivers. In general there are two types of tracks: data and audio. They differ in sector size, throughput and readability via the systems' CD-ROM drivers resp. by music CD players. With DVD and BD there is only type data. If not explicitly option -audio is given, then any track is burned as type data, unless the track source is a file with suffix ".wav" or ".au" and has a header part which identifies it as MS-WAVE resp. SUN Audio with suitable parameters. Such files are burned as audio tracks by default. While audio tracks just contain a given time span of acoustic vibrations, data tracks may have an arbitray meaning. Nevertheless, ISO-9660 filesys‐ tems are established as a format which can represent a tree of directo‐ ries and files on all major operating systems. Such filesystem images can be produced by programs mkisofs or genisoimage or xorriso. They can also be extended by follow-up tracks if prepared properly. See the man pages of said programs. cdrskin is able to fulfill the needs about their option -C. Another type of data track content are archive formats which originally have been developed for magnetic tapes. Only formats which mark a detectable end-of-archive in their data are suitable, though. Well tested are the archivers afio and star. Not suitable seems GNU tar. Write mode selection: In general there are two approaches for writing media: A permissive mode depicted by option -tao which needs no predicted track size and allows to make use of eventual multi-session capabilities. A more restrictive mode -sao (alias -dao) which usually demands a pre‐ dictable track size and is not necessarily capable of multi-session. It can be used to write CD-TEXT and it is the only one that works with option cuefile=. If none of the options -dao, -tao or -sao is given then the program will try to choose a write mode which matches the defined recording job, the capabilities of the drive and the state of the present media. So the mentioning of write modes in the following paragraphs and in the examples is not so much a demand that the user shall choose one explic‐ itly, but rather an illustration of what to expect with particular media types. Recordable CD Media: CD-R can be initially written only once and eventually extended until they get closed (or are spoiled because they are overly full). After that they are read-only. Closing is done automatically unless option -multi is given which keeps the media appendable. Write mode -tao allows to use track sources of unpredictable length (like stdin) and allows to write further sessions to appendable media. -sao produces audio sessions with seamless tracks but needs predicted track sizes and cannot append sessions to media. CD-RW media can be blanked to make them re-usable for another round of overwriting. Usually blank=fast is the appropriate option. Blanking dam‐ ages the previous content but does not make it completely unreadable. It is no effective privacy precaution. Multiple cycles of blanking and overwriting with random numbers might be needed. Sequentially Recordable DVD or BD Media: Currently DVD-RW, DVD-R[DL], DVD+R[DL], and BD-R can be used for the Sequential recording model. It resembles the model of CD media. Only DVD- RW can be blanked and re-used from scratch. DVD-RW are sequential media if they are in state "Sequential Recording". The media must be either blank or appendable. Newly purchased DVD-RW and DVD-R media are in this state. Used DVD-RW get into blank sequential state by option blank=deformat_sequential . With DVD-R[W] two write modes may be available: Mode DAO has many restrictions. It does not work with appendable media, allows no -multi and only a single track. The size of the track needs to be known in advance. So either its source has to be a disk file of recog‐ nizable size or the size has to be announced explicitly by options tsize= or tao_to_sao_tsize= . DAO is the only mode for DVD-R media which do not offer feature 21h Incremental Streaming (e.g. DVD-R DL). DAO may also be selected explic‐ itly by option -sao . Program growisofs uses DAO on sequential DVD-R[W] media for maximum DVD-ROM/-Video compatibility. The other mode, Incremental Streaming, is the default write mode if it is available and if the restrictions of DAO would prevent the job. Incre‐ mental Streaming may be selected explicitly by option -tao as it resem‐ bles much CD TAO by allowing track sources of unpredicted length and to keep media appendable by option -multi . It does not work with DVD-R DL and minimally blanked DVD-RW. The only restriction towards CD-R[W] is the lack of support for -audio tracks. Multiple tracks per session are permissible. The write modes for DVD+R[/DL] and BD-R resemble those with DVD-R except that each track gets wrapped in an own session. There is no -dummy writ‐ ing with DVD+R[/DL] or BD-R. Quite deliberately write mode -sao insists in the tradition of a pre‐ dicted track size and blank media, whereas -tao writes the tracks open ended and allows appendable media. BD-R may be formatted before first use to enable the Defect Management which might catch and repair some bad spots at the expense of slow speed even with flawless media. Note: Option -multi might make DVD media unreadable in some DVD-ROM drives. Best reader compatibility is achieved without it (i.e. by single session media). Overwriteable DVD or BD Media: Currently types DVD+RW, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM and BD-RE can be overwritten via cdrskin. Option -audio is not allowed. Only one track is allowed. Option -multi cannot mark a recognizable end of overwriteable media. Therefore -multi is banned unless ISO-9660 images shall be expandable by help of option --grow_overwriteable_iso . Without this option or without an ISO-9660 filesystem image present on media, -toc does not return information about the media content and media get treated as blank regardless wether they hold data or not. Currently there is no difference between -sao and -tao. If ever, then -tao will be the mode which preserves the current behavior. DVD+RW and DVD-RAM media need no special initial formatting. They offer a single continuous data area for blockwise random access. BD-RE need explicit formatting before use. See blank=as_needed or blank=for‐ mat_defectmgt . DVD-RW are sold in state "Sequential Recording". To become suitable for the Overwriteable DVD recording model they need to get formatted to state "Restricted Overwrite". Then they behave much like DVD+RW. This format‐ ting can be done by option blank=format_overwrite . Several programs like dvd+rw-format, cdrecord, wodim, or cdrskin can bring a DVD-RW out of overwriteable state so that it has to be formatted again. If in doubt, just give it a try. Drive preparation and addressing: The drives, CD, DVD, or BD burners, are accessed via addresses which are specific to libburn and the operating system. Those addresses get listed by a run of cdrskin --devices or cdrskin --device_links. On Linux, they are device files which traditionally do not offer w-per‐ missions for normal users. Because libburn needs rw-permission, it might be only the superuser who is able to get this list without further pre‐ cautions. It is consensus that chmod a+rw /dev/sr0 or chmod a+rw /dev/hdc is less security sensitive than chmod u+s,a+x /usr/bin/cdrskin. The risk for the drive is somewhat higher but the overall system is much less at stake. Consider to restrict rw-access to a single group which bundles the users who are allowed to use the burner drive (like group "floppy"). For drive permission examples on Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris, see cdrskin/README. If you only got one CD capable drive then you may leave out cdrskin option dev=. Else you should use this option to address the drive you want. cdrskin option dev= not only accepts the listed addresses but also tradi‐ tional cdrecord SCSI addresses which consist of three numbers: Bus,Tar‐ get,Lun. On Linux there is also a related address family "ATA" which accesses IDE drives not under control of Linux SCSI drivers: ATA:Bus,Tar‐ get,Lun. See option -scanbus for getting a list of cdrecord style addresses. Further are accepted: links to libburn-suitable device files, device files which have the same major and minor device number, and device files which have the same SCSI address parameters (e.g. /dev/sg0). Emulated drives: Option --allow_emulated_drives enables addressing of pseudo-drives which get emulated on top of filesystem objects. Regular data files and block devices result in pseudo-drives which behave much like DVD-RAM. If the given address does not exist yet but its directory exists, then it gets created as regular file. Other file types like character devices or pipes result in pseudo-drives which behave much like blank DVD-R. The target file address is given after prefix "stdio:". E.g.: dev=stdio:/tmp/my_pseudo_drive Addresses of the form "stdio:/dev/fd/<number>" are treated special. The number is read literally and used as open file descriptor. With dev="stdio:/dev/fd/1" the normal standard output of the program is redi‐ rected to stderr and the stream data of a burn run will appear on stdout. Not good for terminals ! Redirect it. Pseudo-drives allow -dummy. Their reply with --tell_media_space can be utopic. -dummy burn runs touch the file but do not modify its data con‐ tent. Note: --allow_emulated_drives is restricted to stdio:/dev/null if cdrskin is run by the superuser or if it has changed user identity via the setuid bit of its access permissions. The ban for the superuser can be lifted by a skillfully created file. See section FILES below. OPTIONS --help Show non-cdrecord compatible options. -help Show cdrecord compatible options. Note that some of the help texts are quite wrong - for cdrecord as well as for cdrskin (e.g. -format, blank=, -load). They are, nev‐ ertheless, traditional indicators for the availability of the listed options. Some frontend programs make decisions after read‐ ing them. -version Print cdrskin id line, compatibility lure line, libburn version, cdrskin version, version timestamp, build timestamp (if avail‐ able), and then exit. Alphabetical list of options which are intended to be compatible with original cdrecord by Joerg Schilling: -atip Retrieve some info about media state. With CD-RW print "Is erasable". With DVD media print "book type:" and a media type text. With BD media print "Mounted Media:" and media type text. -audio Announces that the subsequent tracks are to be burned as audio. The source is supposed to be uncompressed headerless PCM, 44100 Hz, 16 bit, stereo. For little-endian byte order (which is usual on PCs) use option -swab. Unless marked explicitly by option -data, input files with suffix ".wav" are examined wether they have a header in MS-WAVE format confirming those parameters and eventually raw audio data get extracted and burned as audio track. Same is done for suffix ".au" and SUN Audio. Option -audio may be used only with CD media and not with DVD or BD. blank=type Blank a CD-RW, DVD-RW, or format a DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, BD. This is combinable with burning in the same run of cdrskin. The type given with blank= selects the particular behavior: as_needed Try to make the media ready for writing from scratch. If it needs formatting, then format it. If it is not blank, then try to apply blank=fast. It is a reason to abort if the media cannot assume thoroughly writeable state, e.g. if it is non-blank write-once. This leaves unformatted DVD-RW in unformatted blank state. To format DVD-RW use blank=format_overwriteable. Blank unformatted BD-R stay unformatted. (Note: blank=as_needed is not an original cdrecord option.) The following blank types are specific to particular media familes. Use them if special features are desired. all Blank an entire CD-RW or an unformatted DVD-RW. (See also --prodvd_cli_compatible, --grow_overwriteable_iso) fast Minimally blank an entire CD-RW or blank an unformatted DVD-RW. (See also --prodvd_cli_compatible, --grow_over‐ writeable_iso) deformat_sequential Like blank=all but with the additional ability to blank overwriteable DVD-RW. This will destroy their formatting and make them sequentially recordable. Another peculiarity is the ability to blank media which appear already blank. This is similar to option -force but does not try to blank media other than recognizable CD-RW and DVD-RW. (Note: blank=deformat_* are not original cdrecord options.) deformat_sequential_quickest Like blank=deformat_sequential but blanking DVD-RW only minimally. This is faster than full blanking but may yield media incapable of Incremental Streaming (-tao). format_if_needed Format a media if it is not formatted yet, and if cdrskin supports formatting for the media type, and if formatting will not happen automatically during write. This currently applies to unformatted DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, BD-RE, and blank unformatted BD-R. Eventually the appropriate default for‐ matting is chosen. If other media or states are encoun‐ tered then nothing happens. The following formatting types are more specialized to par‐ ticular media families. format_overwrite Format a DVD-RW to "Restricted Overwrite". The user should bring some patience. (Note: blank=format_* are not original cdrecord options.) format_overwrite_quickest Like format_overwrite without creating a 128 MiB trail‐ blazer session. Leads to "intermediate" state which only allows sequential write beginning from address 0. The "intermediate" state ends after the first session of writ‐ ing data. format_overwrite_full For DVD-RW this is like format_overwrite but claims full media size rather than just 128 MiB. Most traditional for‐ matting is attempted. No data get written. Much patience is required. This option treats already formatted media even if not option -force is given. For DVD+RW this is the only supported explicit formatting type. It provides complete "de-icing" so no reader slips on unwritten data areas. format_defectmgt Format DVD-RAM or BD to reserve the default amount of spare blocks for defect management. The following format_defectmgt_* allow to submit user wishes which nevertheless have to match one of the avail‐ able formats. These formats are offered by the drive after examining the media. format_defectmgt_cert_off Disable the usual media quality certification in order to save time and format to default size. The certification setting persists even if subsequent blank= options override the size of the format selection. Whether formatting without certification works properly depends much on the drive. One should check the "Format status:" from --list_formats afterwards. format_defectmgt_cert_on Re-enable the usual media quality certification and format to default size. The certification setting persists like with format_defectmgt_cert_off. Whether there happens certification at all depends much on the media state and the actually selected format descrip‐ tor. format_defectmgt_max Format DVD-RAM or BD to reserve a maximum number of spare blocks. format_defectmgt_min Format DVD-RAM or BD to reserve a minimum number of spare blocks. It might be necessary to format format_defect‐ mgt_none first in order to get offered the most minmal spare blocks sizes for format_defectmgt_min. format_defectmgt_none Format DVD-RAM or BD-RE to the largest available payload in the hope to disable defect management at all. This may or may not have a speed increasing effect. Unformatted blank BD-R will be left unformatted. format_defectmgt_payload_<size> Format DVD-RAM or BD. The text after "format_defectmgt_pay‐ load_" gives a number of bytes, eventually with suffixes "s", "k", "m". The largest number of spare blocks will be chosen which allows at least the given payload size. format_by_index_<number> Format DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM or BD. The number after "format_by_index_" is used as index to the list of avail‐ able format descriptors. This list can be obtained by option --list_formats. The numbers after text "Format idx" are the ones to be used with format_by_index_. Format descriptor lists are volatile. Do neither eject nor write the media between the run of --list_formats and the run of blank=format_by_index_ or else you may get a different for‐ mat than desired. help Print this list of blanking types. -checkdrive Retrieve some info about the addressed drive and then exit. Exits with non-zero value if the drive cannot be found and opened. -copy Create the subsequent tracks with permission for an unlimited num‐ ber of copies. cuefile=path Read a session description from a cue sheet file in CDRWIN format. Base the tracks on a single file which is given in the sheet by command FILE. To enable CD-TEXT from the cue sheet file, cdrskin option -text has to be present. cdrskin currently supports TRACK datatypes AUDIO and MODE1/2048 which may not be mixed. Data source may be of FILE type BINARY, MOTOROLA, or WAVE. Non-CDRWIN commands ARRANGER, COMPOSER, MESSAGE are supported. Cue sheet file commands CATALOG and ISRC may be overridden by option mcn= and by input_sheet_v07t= purpose specifiers "UPC / EAN" and "ISRC". This does not affect their appearance in CD- TEXT, but only on Q sub-channel. The track numbers may be overridden by option cd_start_tno=. -dao Alias for option -sao. Write CD in Session at Once mode or DVD- R[W] in Disc-at-once mode. -data Subsequent tracks are data tracks. This option is default and only needed to mark the end of the range of an eventual option -audio or -xa1. Options -mode2, -xa, and -xa2 get mapped to -data, not using the desired CD sector formats and thus not taking advantage of even‐ tual higher payload. -xa1 Subsequent tracks are data tracks with input suitable for CD-ROM XA mode 2 form 1. This differs from -data input by 8 additional header bytes per block. cdrskin will not write CD-ROM XA but rather strip the header bytes and write as -data tracks. dev=target Set the address of the drive to use. Valid are at least the addresses listed with options --devices or --device_links, X,Y,Z addresses listed with option -scanbus, ATA:X,Y,Z addresses listed with options dev=ATA -scanbus, and volatile libburn drive numbers (numbering starts at "0"). Other device file addresses which lead to the same drive might work too. If no dev= is given, volatile address "dev=0" is assumed. That is the first drive found being available. Better avoid this ambiguity on systems with more than one drive. The special target "help" lists hints about available addressing formats. Be aware that deprecated option --old_pseudo_scsi_adr may change the meaning of Bus,Target,Lun addresses. driveropts=opt Set "driveropts=noburnfree" to disable the drive's eventual pro‐ tection mechanism against temporary lack of source data (i.e. buf‐ fer underrun). A drive that announces no such capabilities will not get them enabled anyway, even if attempted explicitly via "driveropts=burnfree". -dummy Try to perform the drive operations without actually affecting the inserted media. There is no warranty that this will work with a particular combination of drive, media, and write mode. Blanking is prevented reliably, though. To avoid inadverted real burning, -dummy refuses burn runs on anything but CD-R[W], DVD-R[W], or emulated stdio-drives. -eject Eject the disc after work is done. -force Assume that the user knows better in situations when cdrskin or libburn are insecure about drive or media state. This includes the attempt to blank media which are classified as unknown or unsuit‐ able, and the attempt to use write modes which libburn believes they are not supported by the drive. Another application is to enforce blanking or re-formatting of media which appear to be in the desired blank or format state already. This option enables a burn run with option -dummy even if libburn believes that drive and media will not simulate the write mode but will write for real. It enables a burn run where cdrskin expects to exceed the avail‐ able media capacity. Caution: Use this only when in urgent need. -format Same as blank=format_overwrite_full -force but restricted to DVD+RW. fs=size Set the fifo size to the given value. The value may have appended letters which multiply the preceding number: "k" or "K" = 1024 , "m" or "M" = 1024k , "g" or "G" = 1024m , "s" or "S" = 2048 Set size to 0 in order to disable the fifo (default is "4m"). The fifo buffers an eventual temporary surplus of track source data in order to provide the drive with a steady stream during times of temporary lack of track source supply. The larger the fifo, the longer periods of poor source supply can be compensated. But a large fifo needs substantial time to fill up if not curbed via option fifo_start_at=size. gracetime=seconds Set the grace time before starting to write. (Default is 0) -immed Equivalent to: modesty_on_drive=1:min_percent=75:max_percent=95 The name of this cdrecord option stems from the "Immed" bit which can make some long running drive commands asynchronous and thus eases the load on some wiring hardware types. Regardless of option -immed, cdrskin uses asynchronous commands where possible and appropriate. index=list Set a comma separated list of index start address numbers for the next track. This applies to CD SAO sessions only. The addresses count sectors from the start of the next track. The first number is for index 1 and must be 0. The following numbers have to be larger than their respective predecessors. Up to 99 numbers are allowed. Sector numbers are computed from Min:Sec:Frame addresses by Sector = ((Min*60)+Sec)*75+Frame E.g.: "0,7512,20408" sets index 2 to 01:40:12 and index 3 to 04:32:08. -inq Print the identification of the drive and then exit. -isosize The next track following this option will try to obtain its source size from the header information out of the first few blocks of the source data. If these blocks indicate an ISO-9660 filesystem then its declared size will be used under the assumption that it is a single session filesystem. If not, then the burn run will be aborted. The range of -isosize is exactly one track. Further tracks may be preceded by further -isosize options, though. At least 15 blocks of padding will be added to each -isosize track. But be advised to rather use padsize=300k. This option can be performed on track sources which are regular files or block devices. For the first track of the session it can be performed on any type of source if there is a fifo of at least 64 kiB. See option fs= . isrc=text Set the ISRC for the next track source to the given text, which must be exactly 13 characters long. It must comply to the format CCOOOYYSSSSS. CC is the country code. OOO is the owner code. Both may consist of capital letters A to Z and of decimal digits 0 to 9. YY depicts the year (00 to 99). SSSSS is the serial number (00000 to 99999). This option does not affect CD-TEXT but only the Q sub-channel. -load Load the media and exit. Exit value is 0 if any kind of media was found, non zero else. Note: Option -eject will unload the media even if -load is given. -lock Like option -load but leave the drive's eject button disabled if there is any media found and not option -eject is given. Use program "eject" or cdrskin -eject to get the tray out of the drive. Runs of programs like cdrecord, growisofs, wodim, cdrskin will not be hampered and normally enable the drive's eject button when they are done. mcn=text Set the CD Media Catalog Number to text, which must be exactly 13 characters long and should consist of decimal digits. This option does not affect CD-TEXT but only the Q sub-channel. minbuf=percentage Equivalent to: modesty_on_drive=1:min_percent=<percentage>:max_percent=95 Percentage is permissible between 25 and 95. -minfo Print information about the loaded media. This includes media type, writability state, and a quite readable table of content. msifile=path Run option -msinfo and copy the result line into the file given by path. Unlike -msinfo this option does not redirect all normal output away from standard output. But it may be combined with -msinfo to achieve this. Note: msifile=path is actually an option of wodim and not of cdrecord. -msinfo Retrieve multi-session info for preparing a follow-up session by option -C of programs mkisofs, genisoimage, or xorriso -as mkisofs. Print result to standard output. This option redirects to stderr all message output except the one of option --tell_media_space and its own result string, which consists of two numbers. The result string shall be used as argument of option -C with said programs. It gives the start address of the most recent session and the predicted start address of the next session to be appended. The string is empty if the most recent session was not written with option -multi. To have a chance for working on overwriteable media, this option has to be accompanied by option --grow_overwriteable_iso. -multi This option keeps CD, unformatted DVD-R[W], DVD+R, or BD-R append‐ able after the current session has been written. Without it the disc gets closed and may not be written any more - unless it is a -RW and gets blanked which causes loss of its content. The following sessions can only be written in -tao mode. -multi is prohibited with DVD-R[W] DAO write mode and on DVD-R DL media. Option --prodvd_cli_compatible eventually makes -multi tolerable but cannot make it work. In order to have all filesystem content accessible, the eventual ISO-9660 filesystem of a follow-up session needs to be prepared in a special way by the filesystem formatter program. mkisofs and genisoimage expect particular info about the situation which can be retrieved by cdrskin option -msinfo. To retrieve an archive file which was written as follow-up ses‐ sion, you may use option -toc to learn about the "lba" of the desired track number. This lba is the address of the 2048 byte block where the archive begins. With overwriteable DVD or BD media, -multi cannot mark the end of the session. So when adding a new session this end has to be determined from the payload. Currently only ISO-9660 filesystems can be used that way. See option --grow_overwriteable_iso for lifting the ban on -multi. Note: -multi might make DVD media unreadable in some DVD-ROM drives. -nocopy Create subsequent tracks with permission for a single level of copies. I.e. those copies would then be marked by -scms as offer‐ ing no permission for further copies. -nopad Do not add trailing zeros to the data stream. Nevertheless, since there seems to be no use for audio tracks with incomplete last sector, this option applies only to data tracks. There it is default. -nopreemp Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered without pre-emphasis. -pad Add 30 kiB of trailing zeros to each data track. (This is not suf‐ ficient to avoid problems with various CD-ROM read drivers.) padsize=size Add the given amount of trailing zeros to the next data track. This option gets reset to padsize=0 after that next track is writ‐ ten. It may be set again before the next track argument. About size specifiers, see option fs=. -preemp Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered with pre- emphasis. -sao Write CD in Session At Once mode or sequential DVD-R[W] in Disc- at-once (DAO) mode. With CD this mode is able to put several audio tracks on media without producing audible gaps between them. With DVD-R[W] this mode can only write a single track. No -multi is allowed with DVD-R[W] -sao. -sao is permissible with overwriteable DVD, or DVD+R[/DL], or BD but actually only imposes restrictions without providing known advantages. -sao can only be used for tracks of fixely predicted size. This implies that track arguments which depict stdin or named pipes need to be preceded by option tsize= or by option tao_to_sao_tsize=. -sao cannot be used on appendable media. -scanbus Scan the system for drives. On Linux the drives at /dev/s* and at /dev/hd* are to be scanned by two separate runs. One without dev= for /dev/s* and one with dev=ATA for /dev/hd* devices. (Option --drives lists all available drives in a single run.) Drives which are busy or which offer no rw-permission to the user of cdrskin are not listed. Busy drives get reported in form of warning messages. The useful fields in a result line are: Bus,Target,Lun Number) 'Vendor' 'Mode' 'Revision' -scms Create subsequent tracks without permission for being copied. This is usually done for tracks which are copies of tracks that were marked with -nocopy (but not yet with -scms). So copies of copies are prohibited. This option gets reset by option -copy. Thus the combination -copy -nocopy means -nocopy surely without -scms. speed=number Set speed of drive. With data CD, 1x speed corresponds to a throughput of 150,000 bytes/second. With DVD, 1x = 1,385,000 bytes/second. With BD 1x = 4,495,625 bytes/second. It is not an error to set a speed higher than is suitable for drive and media. One should stay within a realistic speed range, though. Special speed settings are: 0 = minimal speed , -1 = maximal speed (default), text "any" = like -1. -swab Announce that the raw audio data source of subsequent tracks is byte swapped versus the expectations of cdrecord. This option is suitable for audio where the least significant byte of a 16 bit word is first (little-endian, Intel). Most raw audio data on PC systems are available in this byte order. Less guesswork is needed if track sources are in format MS-WAVE in a file with suf‐ fix ".wav". -tao Write CD in Track At Once (TAO) mode, sequential DVD-R[W] in Incremental Streaming mode, or DVD+R[/DL] without traditional -sao restrictions. This mode also applies pro-forma to overwriteable media Mode -tao can be used with track sources of unpredictable size, like standard input or named pipes. It is also the only mode that can be used for writing to appendable media which already hold data. With unformatted DVD-R[W] it is the only mode which allows -multi. Mode -tao is not usable for minimally blanked DVD-RW and for DVD-R DL. -text Enable writing of CD-TEXT attributes read by option cuefile=. Without option -text, cue sheet file command CDTEXTFILE will be ignored and no CD-TEXT attributes will be read from the file. Nev‐ ertheless, CATALOG and ISRC will have the same effect as options mcn= and isrc=. textfile=path Read CD-TEXT packs from the file depicted by path and put them into the Lead-in of the emerging session. This session has to be done by Session At Once (SAO) mode and may only contain audio tracks. path must lead to a regular file, which consists of an optional header of four bytes and one or more text packs of 18 bytes each. Suitable would be the file 'cdtext.dat' which gets extracted from CD media by options -vv -toc and shown in human readable form by -vvv -toc. The header, if present, must tell the file size minus 2, encoded as big-endian 16 bit word. The other two bytes must be 0. If there is no 4-byte header, then a trailing 0-byte, as of Sony specification, is tolerated and ignored. A text pack consists of a pack type byte, a track number byte, a counter byte, a Block Number and Character Indicator byte, 12 text characters or data bytes, two optional CRC bytes. For details see libburn documentation file doc/cdtext.txt. By default, the input file is checked for correct CRC bytes. If all CRC bytes are 0, then the correct values get silently inserted. If there are non-zero CRC bytes, then a mismatch causes the abort of the burn run. This check can be disabled by option -force. Note that this option overrides option input_sheet_v07t= . -toc Print the table of content (TOC) which describes the tracks recorded on disc. The output contains all info from option -atip plus lines which begin with "track:", the track number, the word "lba:" and a number which gives the start address of the track. Addresses are counted in CD sectors which with SAO or TAO data tracks hold 2048 bytes each. If verbosity is set to level 2 (-v -v) then the CD-TEXT packs from the lead-in of an audio CD get extracted and written into file 'cdtext.dat', if that file does not yet exist. Prepended is a 4 byte header, followed by one or more packs of 18 bytes each. Verbosity level 3 causes the CD-TEXT packs to be printed as hex numbers to standard output. Bytes 4 to 15 of certain pack types are printed as ASCII characters if they have values in the range of 32 to 126. See option textfile= for more information about the text pack for‐ mat. Example. Retrieve an afio archive from track number 2: tracknumber=2 lba=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/cdrom -toc 2>&1 | \ grep '^track:[ ]*[ 0-9][0-9]' | \ tail +"$tracknumber" | head -1 | \ awk '{ print $4}' ) dd if=/dev/cdrom bs=2048 skip="$lba" | \ afio -t - | less tsize=size Announces the exact size of the next track source. This is neces‐ sary with any write mode other than -tao if the track source is not a regular disk file, but e.g. "-" (standard input) or a named pipe. About size specifiers, see option fs=. If the track source does not deliver the predicted amount of bytes, the remainder of the track is padded with zeros. This is not considered an error. If on the other hand the track source delivers more than the announced bytes then the track on media gets truncated to the predicted size and cdrskin exits with non- zero value. -v Increment verbosity level by one. Startlevel is 0 with only few messages. Level 1 prints progress report with long running opera‐ tions and also causes some extra lines to be put out with info retrieval options. Level 2 additionally reports about option set‐ tings derived from arguments or startup files. Level 3 is for debugging and useful mainly in conjunction with somebody who had a look into the program sourcecode. -V Enable logging of SCSI commands to stderr. This allows expert examination of the interaction between libburn and the drive. The commands are specified in SCSI-3 standards SPC, SBC, MMC. -waiti Wait until input data is available at stdin or EOF occurs at stdin. Only then begin to access any drives. One should use this if cdrskin is working at the end of a pipe where the feeder process reads from the drive before it starts writing its output into cdrskin. Example: mkisofs ... -C 0,12800 -M /dev/sr0 | \ cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 ... -waiti - This option works even if stdin is not among the track sources. If no process is piping in, then the Enter key of your terminal will act as trigger for cdrskin. Note that this input line will not be consumed by cdrskin if stdin is not among the track sources. It will end up as shell command, usually. Alphabetical list of options which are genuine to cdrskin and intended for normal use: --adjust_speed_to_drive Curb explicitly given speed= values to the maximum which is announced by the drive for the loaded media. By default, such an adjustment is only made with pseudo-speeds 0 and -1 whereas speed settings > 0 are sent unchanged to the drive which will then choose an appropriate speed on its own. --allow_emulated_drives Enable drive addresses of the form dev=stdio:<path>. See above, paragraph "Drive preparation and addressing". --allow_setuid Disable the loud warning about insecure discrepance between login user and effective user which indicates application of chmod u+s to the program binary. One should not do this chmod u+s , but it is an old cdrecord tradition. --any_track Allow source_addresses to begin with "-" (plus further characters) or to contain a "=" character. By default such arguments are seen as misspelled options. It is nevertheless not possible to use one of the options listed with --list_ignored_options. assert_write_lba=block_number|byte_address Abort if the write address given with this option is not the same as predicted immediately before the write session starts. This option can ensure that a start address which was presumed by a formatter like mkisofs -C is really used by the drive for writing. assert_write_lba=0 effectively demands blank media and excludes appendables. Block numbering is peculiar: If the last character of the option string is a letter [a-zA-Z] then the usual unit scaling by "s", "k", "m", etc. applies and the result is divided by 2048. Else the number value of the string is taken as plain block number with block size 2048 byte. (E.g ...=1000 or ...=1000s means block 1000, ...=1m means block 512, ...=4096b means block number 2) cd_start_tno=number Set the number which shall be written as CD track number with the first track of the session. The following tracks will then get written with consecutive CD track numbers. The resulting number of the last track must not exceed 99. The lowest possible start num‐ ber is 1, which is also the default. This setting applies only to CD SAO writing. It overrides the track number settings caused by options cuefile= or input_sheet_v07t=. --demand_a_drive Exit with a nonzero value if no drive can be found during a bus scan. --devices List the device file addresses of all accessible CD drives. In order to get listed, a drive has to offer rw-permission for the cdrskin user and it may not be busy. The superuser should be able to see all idle drives listed and busy drives reported as "SORRY" messages. Each available drive gets listed by a line containing the follow‐ ing fields: Number dev='Devicefile' rw-Permissions : 'Vendor' 'Model' Number and Devicefile can both be used with option dev=, but num‐ ber is volatile (numbering changes if drives become busy). --device_links Like --devices, but presenting the drives with addresses of sym‐ bolic links which point to the actual device files. Modern GNU/Linux systems may shuffle drive addresses from boot to boot. The udev daemon is supposed to create links which always point to the same drive, regardless of its system address. Option --device_links shows the addresses of such links if they begin by "/dev/dvd" or "/dev/cd". Precedence is: "dvdrw", "cdrw", "dvd", "cdrom", "cd". direct_write_amount=size Do not write a session with tracks but rather make an appropriate number of direct write operations with no preparations. Flushing the drive buffer will be the only finalization. It is advised to eject the media afterwards because the write operations circumvent the usual system i/o with its caches and buffers. By ejecting, those invalid memory copies get surely discarded. Only few media can be written this way: DVD-RAM, BD-RE, RVD+RW and overwriteable DVD-RW. Writing is restricted to the already format‐ ted area of the media. Writing starts at byte 0 of the media or at the address given by option write_start_address= . Only the first track source is used as input for the write operations. The fifo (fs=) is disabled. Parameter size controls the amount of data to be written. Size 0 means that the track source shall be used up until EOF. In this case, the last write transaction gets padded up to the necessary size by zeros. Size -1 revokes direct writing and switches back to normal session oriented writing. Both, write_start_address and direct_write_amount size must be aligned to a media dependend transaction size. With DVD-RAM, BD- RE, DVD+RW this is 2k, with overwriteable DVD-RW it is 32k. dvd_obs=default|32k|64k Linux specific: Set the number of bytes to be transmitted with each write operation to DVD or BD media. Tracks get padded up to the next multiple of this write size. A number of 64 KB may improve throughput with bus systems which show latency problems. The default depends on media type, option stream_recording=, and on compile time options. fallback_program=command Set a command name to be executed if cdrskin encounters a known cdrecord option which it does not yet support. If a non-empty com‐ mand is given with fallback_program=, and if no essential options are given which are specific to cdrskin, then cdrskin will dele‐ gate the job to said command. The natural commands to be given are cdrecord or wodim but one may well submit the address of an own program. The fallback program will get all arguments of cdrskin which do not match the shell patterns --?* or *_*=* . This eventually sup‐ presses path names of track sources which happen to match those patterns. The options from the startup files are not handed to the fallback program. Fallback program execution is disabled if cdrskin is run setuid and not option --allow_setuid is given. In general, the drive's device files and the involved programs should be set up so that each program runs under its advised conditions. (E.g. cdrskin as member of group floppy, cdrecord setuid root.) Two alias names for cdrskin are predefined with default fallback programs: unicord implies fallback_program=cdrecord codim implies fallback_program=wodim --four_channel Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered with four channels. fifo_start_at=size Do not wait for full fifo but start burning as soon as the given number of bytes is read. This option may be helpful to bring the average throughput near to the maximum throughput of a drive. A large fs= and a small fifo_start_at= combine a quick burn start and a large savings buffer to compensate for temporary lack of source data. At the beginning of burning, the software protection against buffer underun is as weak as the size of fifo_start_at= . So it is best if the drive offers hardware protection which is enabled automatically if not driveropts=noburnfree is given. --grow_overwriteable_iso Enable emulation of multi-session writing on overwriteable media which contain an ISO-9660 filesystem. This emulation is learned from growisofs -M but adapted to the usage model of cdrskin -msinfo mkisofs -C -M | cdrskin -waiti [-multi] - --grow_overwriteable_iso does not hamper the use of true multi- session media. I.e. it is possible to use the same cdrskin options with both kinds of media and to achieve similar results if ISO-9660 filesystem images are to be written. This option implies option -isosize and therefore demands that the track source is a ISO-9660 filesystem image. With overwriteable media and no option blank=fast|all present it expands an eventual ISO-9660 filesystem on media. It is assumed that this image's inner size description points to the end of the valuable data. Overwriteable media with a recognizable ISO-9660 size will be regarded as appendable rather than as blank. I.e. options -msinfo and -toc will work. -toc will always show a sin‐ gle session with its size increasing with every added mkisofs image. If not overridden by option write_start_address=, the track with the new image will be placed behind the end of the old one. One may use option assert_write_lba= to make sure that media state and mkisofs job do match. --grow_overwriteable_iso causes option blank=fast|all to invali‐ date an eventual ISO-9660 image by altering the first few bytes of block 16 on overwriteable media. Option -multi is tolerated in order not to hamper true multi-session media. An equivalent of growisofs -Z for overwriteable media is: mkisofs | cdrskin --grow_overwriteable_iso blank=fast [-multi] - With multi-session DVD, blank=fast will act like dvd+rw-format -blank=full . growisofs -dvd-compat is roughly equivalent to cdrskin without option -multi. input_sheet_v07t=path Read CD-TEXT definitions from a Sony Input Sheet version 0.7T. Up to eight or seven such sheets can be read by multiple input_sheet_v07t= options. Each will define a CD-TEXT language block. The information in such a sheet is given by text lines of the fol‐ lowing form: purpose specifier [whitespace] = [whitespace] content text [whitespace] is zero or more ASCII 32 (space) or ASCII 9 (tab) characters. The purpose specifier tells the meaning of the con‐ tent text. Empty content text does not cause a CD-TEXT attribute to be attached. The following purpose specifiers apply to the session as a whole: Purpose specifier | Content example ------------------------------------------------------------- Text Code = 8859 Language Code = English Album Title = Joyful Nights Artist Name = United Cat Orchestra Songwriter = Various Songwriters Composer = Various Composers Arranger = Tom Cat Album Message = For all our fans Catalog Number =<PHONE_NUMBER> Genre Code = Classical Genre Information = Feline classic music Closed Information = This is not to be shown by CD players UPC / EAN =<PHONE_NUMBER>123 Text Data Copy Protection = OFF First Track Number = 1 Last Track Number = 3 The following purpose specifiers apply to particular tracks: Purpose specifier | Content example ------------------------------------------------------------- Track 01 Title = Song of Joy Track 01 Artist = Felix and The Purrs Track 01 Songwriter = Friedrich Schiller Track 01 Composer = Ludwig van Beethoven Track 01 Arranger = Tom Cat Track 01 Message = Fritz and Louie once were punks ISRC 01 = XYCRR1101234 Track numbers are decimal despite the leading 0. There should be as many track definitions as there are track source files given. See libburn's doc/cdtext.txt for a detailed definition of 0.7T and the possible values for Text Code, Language Code, Genre Code, Text Data Copy Protection. The Q sub-channel settings by "UPC / EAN" and "ISRC" may be over‐ ridden by options mcn= and isrc=. This will not affect their appearance as CD-TEXT. They may override cuefile= commands CATA‐ LOG and ISRC in the same way. If options -text cuefile= are given and if the cue sheet file defines CD-TEXT, then only seven input_sheet_v07t= options may be given. They will then be used as CD-TEXT language blocks 1 to 7. This option will get into effect only if no option textfile= is given. The write mode must be SAO on CD. All tracks must be -audio tracks. The track numbers may be overridden by option cd_start_tno=. --list_formats List the available format descriptors as reported by the drive for the loaded media. Each descriptor line begins with "Format idx" and the descriptor's list index, followed by a ":", the format type, the number of payload blocks and that same number converted to MiB. The meaning of the format types is defined by the MMC standard with command FORMAT UNIT. A user will more be interested in the sizes than in the types. --list_ignored_options List all ignored cdrecord options. The "-" options cannot be used as addresses of track sources. No track source address may begin with a text equal to an option which ends by "=". The list is ended by an empty line. --long_toc Like option -toc but marking each session start by a line "first: X last: Y" and each session end by "track:lout ...". --no_rc Only if used as first command line argument this option prevents reading and interpretation of eventual startup files. See section FILES below. --prodvd_cli_compatible Activates behavior modifications with some DVD situations which bring cdrskin nearer to the behavior of cdrecord-ProDVD: Option -multi with unsuitable media is not an error but simply has no effect. Options blank=fast and blank=all deformat overwriteable DVD-RW media. Option blank=fast does indeed minmal blanking with DVD-RW. This may yield media which can only do DAO but not Incremental Stream‐ ing. --single_track Accept only the last argument of the command line as track source address. stdio_sync=on|off|number Set the number of bytes after which to force output to drives with prefix "stdio:". This forcing keeps the memory from being clogged with lots of pending data for slow devices. Default "on" is the same as "16m". Forced output can be disabled by "off". stream_recording=on|off|number By setting "on" request that compliance to the desired speed set‐ ting is preferred over management of write errors. With DVD-RAM and BD this can bring effective write speed near to the nominal write speed of the media. But it will also disable the automatic use of replacement blocks if write errors occur. It might as well be disliked or ignored by the drive. If a number is given, then error management stays enabled for all byte addresses below that number. Any number below 16s is the same as "off". tao_to_sao_tsize=size Set an exact fixed size for the next track to be in effect only if the track source cannot deliver a size prediction and no tsize= was specified and an exact track size prediction is demanded by the write mode. This was the fallback from bad old times when cdrskin was unable to burn in mode -tao . It came back with minimally blanked DVD-RW which allow no Incremental Streaming (-tao) resp. with explicitly selected write mode -sao for best DVD-ROM compatibility. If the track source delivers less bytes than announced then the missing ones will be filled with zeros. --tell_media_space Prepare a recording session, do not perform it but rather inquire the maximum number of 2048 byte data blocks which may be written in the current state of media with the prepared setup. So this option disables recording of data. It does allow blanking, though, and will measure space afterwards. It is not mandatory to give track sources but their nature may influence the available capacity. So for most realistic results one may set up the full burn session and add --tell_media_space. But if one has to expect a cdrskin version prior to 0.3.3 no track source should be given in order not to start an involuntary burn session. In this case set at least -sao or -tao explicitly. The result gets printed to standard output. It is 0 or empty if no writing is possible with the given options. This option redirects to stderr all message output except its own result string and eventual output of -msinfo. --two_channel Indicate for subsequent tracks that they were mastered with two channels. write_start_address=byte_offset Set the address on media where to start writing the track. With DVD+RW, DVD-RAM or BD-RE byte_offset must be aligned to 2 kiB blocks, but better is 32 kiB. With DVD-RW 32 kiB alignment is mandatory. Other media are not suitable for this option yet. Alphabetical list of options which are only intended for very special situations and not for normal use: --abort_handler Establish default signal handling not to leave a drive in busy state but rather to shut it down and to wait until it has ended the final operations. This option is only needed for revoking eventual --ignore_signals or --no_abort_handler. --allow_untested_media Enable the use of media profiles which have been implemented but not yet tested. Currently this option is without effect because no media types are under test reservation. (If you really test experimental media, then please report the outcome on<EMAIL_ADDRESS>--cdtext_dummy Prepare a burn run, report the effective array of CD-TEXT packs to stdout, and then end the program run without starting to burn the session. A blank CD-R or CD-RW has to be present in the drive, nevertheless. The output is formatted in lines which describe 18 bytes as 2-digit hex numbers or as single printable characters. See lib‐ burn document doc/cdtext.txt about the format of these records. --cdtext_verbose Like --cdtext_dummy but without preventing the burn run.  This was necessary before cdrskin-0.2.4 to manually translate cdrecord addresses into cdrskin addresses. <sep> is a single character which may not occur in the address string <from>. <from> is an address as expected to be given by the user via option dev=. <to> is the address to be used instead when‐ ever <from> is given. More than one translation instruction can be given in one cdrskin run. E.g.: dev_translation=+ATA:1,0,0+/dev/sr1 dev_transla‐ tion=+ATA:1,1,0+/dev/sr2 --drive_abort_on_busy Linux specific: Abort process if a busy drive is encountered. --drive_blocking Linux specific: Try to wait for a busy drive to become free. This is not guaranteed to work with all drivers. Some need nonblocking i/o. --drive_f_setlk Linux specific: Try to get exclusive lock on drive device file via fcntl(2). --drive_not_exclusive Linux specific: Combine --drive_not_f_setlk and --drive_not_o_excl. --drive_not_f_setlk Linux specific: Do not try to get exclusive lock on drive device file via fcntl(2). --drive_not_o_excl Linux specific: Do not ask the operating system to prevent opening busy drives. Wether this leads to senseful behavior depends on operating system and kernel. drive_scsi_dev_family=sr|scd|sg Linux specific: Select a SCSI device file family to be scanned for by options --devices, --device_links and -scanbus. Normally this is /dev/sgN on kernel versions < 2.6 and /dev/srN on kernels >= 2.6 . This option allows to explicitly override that default in order to meet other programs at a common device file for each drive. On kernel 2.4 families sr and scd will find no drives. Device file family /dev/hdX on kernel >= 2.6 is not affected by this setting. --drive_scsi_exclusive Linux specific: Try to exclusively reserve device files /dev/srN, /dev/scdM, /dev/sgK of drives. This would be helpful to protect against collisions with program growisofs. Regrettably on Linux kernel 2.4 with ide-scsi emulation this seems not to work. Wether it becomes helpful with new Linux systems has to be evaluated. --fifo_disable Disable fifo despite any fs=. --fifo_per_track Use a separate fifo for each track. --fill_up_media Expand the last track of the session to occupy all remaining free space on the media. This option overrides option -multi. It will not fill up media if option -sao is given with CD media. Caution: With multi-session media this option might increase rea‐ datibility on DVD-ROM drives but with some DVD recorders and media types it might also fail to produce readable media at all. "Your mileage may vary". You can expect the best possible read compatibility if you do not use -multi at all. grab_drive_and_wait=seconds Open the addressed drive, wait the given number of seconds, release the drive, and do normal work as indicated by the other options used. This option helps to explore the program behavior when faced with busy drives. Just start a second cdrskin with option --devices while grab_drive_and_wait= is still active. --ignore_signals Try to ignore any signals rather than to abort the program. This is not a very good idea. You might end up waiting a very long time for cdrskin to finish. modesty_on_drive=<mode>[:min_percent=<num>][:max_percent=<num>] Mode 1 keeps the program from trying to write to the burner drive while its buffer is in danger to be filled by more than max_per‐ cent. If this filling is exceeded then the program will wait until the filling is at most min_percent. This can ease the load on operating system and drive controller and thus help with achieving better input bandwidth if disk and burner are not on independent controllers (like hda and hdb). Unsufficient input bandwidth is indicated by output "(fifo xy%)" of option -v if xy is lower than 90 for some time. mod‐ esty_on_drive= might hamper output bandwidth and cause buffer underruns. To have max_percent larger than the burner's best actual buffer fill has the same effect as min_percent==max_percent. Some burners do not use their full buffer with all media types. Watch output "[buf xy%]" of option -v to get an impression of the actual buffer usage. Some burners are not suitable because they report buffer fill with granularity too large in size or time. Mode 0 disables this feature. Mode -1 keeps it unchanged. Default is: modesty_on_drive=0:min_percent=65:max_percent=95 Percentages are permissible in the range of 25 to 100. --no_abort_handler On signals exit even if the drive is in busy state. This is not a very good idea. You might end up with a stuck drive that refuses to hand out the media. --no_blank_appendable Refuse to blank appendable CD-RW or DVD-RW. This is a feature that was once builtin with libburn. No information available for what use case it was needed. --no_convert_fs_adr Do only literal translations of dev=. This prevents cdrskin from test-opening device files in order to find one that matches the given dev= specifier. Partly Linux specific: Such opening is needed for Bus,Target,Lun addresses unless option --old_pseudo_scsi_adr is given. It is also needed to resolve device file addresses which are not listed with cdrskin --devices but nevertheless point to a usable drive. (Like /dev/sg0 using the same SCSI address as /dev/sr0.) --old_pseudo_scsi_adr Linux specific: Use and report literal Bus,Target,Lun addresses rather than real SCSI and pseudo ATA addresses. This method is outdated and was never compatible with original cdrecord. sao_postgap=off|number Define whether a post-gap shall be written at the end of the track and how many sectors this gap shall have. A post-gap occupies the range of an additional index of the track. It contains zeros. No bytes from the track source will be read for writing the post-gap. This setting affects only CD SAO write runs. sao_pregap=off|number Define whether a pre-gap shall be written before the track and how many sectors this pre-gap shall have. A pre-gap is written in the range of track index 0 and contains zeros resp. silence. No bytes from the track source will be read for writing the pre-gap. This setting affects only CD SAO write runs. The first track automatically gets a pre-gap of at least 150 sec‐ tors. Its size can only be enlarged by this call. --xa1-ignore Silently interpret option -xa1 as -data. This may be necessary if a frontent does not prepare -xa1 block headers but insists in using option -xa1. EXAMPLES Get an overview of drives and their addresses: cdrskin -scanbus cdrskin dev=ATA -scanbus cdrskin --device_links Get info about a particular drive or loaded media: cdrskin dev=0,1,0 -checkdrive cdrskin dev=ATA:1,0,0 -v -atip cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -minfo Prepare CD-RW or DVD-RW for re-use, DVD-RAM or BD-RE for first use: cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sg1 blank=as_needed -eject Format DVD-RW to avoid need for blanking before re-use: cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=format_overwrite De-format DVD-RW to make it capable of multi-session again: cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=deformat_sequential Write ISO-9660 filesystem image as only one to blank or formatted media: cdrskin -v dev=/dev/hdc speed=12 fs=8m \ blank=as_needed -eject padsize=300k my_image.iso Write compressed afio archive on-the-fly (not possible with minimally blanked DVD-RW or DVD-R DL): find . | afio -oZ - | \ cdrskin -v dev=0,1,0 fs=32m speed=8 \ blank=as_needed padsize=300k - Write multi-session to the same CD, DVD-R[W], DVD+R[/DL], or BD-R: cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -v padsize=300k -multi 1.iso cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -v padsize=300k -multi 2.iso cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -v padsize=300k -multi 3.iso cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -v padsize=300k 4.iso Get multi-session info for option -C of program mkisofs: c_values=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/hdc -msinfo 2>/dev/null) mkisofs ... -C "$c_values" ... Inquire free space on media for a -multi run: x=$(cdrskin dev=/dev/sr0 -multi \ --tell_media_space 2>/dev/null) echo "Available: $x blocks of 2048 data bytes" Write audio tracks to CD: cdrskin -v dev=ATA:1,0,0 speed=48 -sao \ track1.wav track2.au -audio -swab track3.raw FILES Startup files: If not --no_rc is given as the first argument then cdrskin attempts on startup to read the arguments from the following files: /etc/default/cdrskin /etc/opt/cdrskin/rc /etc/cdrskin/cdrskin.conf $HOME/.cdrskinrc The files are read in the sequence given above, but none of them is required for cdrskin to function properly. Each readable line is treated as one single argument. No extra blanks. A first character '#' marks a comment, empty lines are ignored. Example content of a startup file: # This is the default device dev=0,1,0 # Some more options fifo_start_at=0 fs=16m Disabling superuser safety precautions: The superuser is normally banned from using any other emulated drive but /dev/null. This ban can be lifted by the existence of file /root/cdrskin_permissions/allow_emulated_drives where the directory must be owned by the superuser and must not offer w- permissions for group or others. Warning: Superusers must take care not to spoil their hard disk via its raw block device (like stdio:/dev/hda or stdio:/dev/sd0). SEE ALSO Formatting data track sources for cdrskin: mkisofs(8), genisoimage(8), xorriso(1), afio(1), star(1) Other CD/DVD/BD burn programs: cdrecord(1), wodim(1), xorriso(1) For DVD/BD burning (also tutor of libburn's DVD/BD capabilities): growisofs(1) AUTHOR cdrskin was written by Thomas Schmitt<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This manual page was started by George Danchev<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and is now maintained by Thomas Schmitt. Jan 12, 2012 CDRSKIN(1)


Dojo (japanese term: place of way) refers to a training place specifically for Japanese martial arts (such as aikido, judo,
karate, or samurai(Budō)). In Japan, any physical training facility, including professional wrestling schools, may be called dōjō.
For software developers:
talking about the task
getting together / pair programming (if you like to)
hacking together / work together
reviewing code together / discuss good solutions
Before we start: Important Priciples
No fighting!!!!!!
Together: Pair programming
Continuous Learning
Fail early, fail often
No troll, no show!
Format
Function Katas / Code Katas
small tasks
usually one algorithm
can be developed in one function
Other Katas
class katas
agility katas
library katas
application katas
Now
18:45 start hacking
20:00 pizza break
20:30 talking about solutions
the Quest
Fizz Buzz
Write a function returning all numbers from 1 to 100
Following these conditions:
For every multipe of 3: log the word Fizz
For every multipe of 5: log the word Buzz
Advanced Version:
For every multiple of 3 and 5: log the word FizzBuzz


lock
account_circle
USERNAME OR EMAIL
lock
Password
Submit
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account? Create one
here


This is Softheon's baseline Angular6 and .NET Core 2.1 application, to be used for starting a new web application project.
This project has been pre-configured with a number of Softheon-chosen settings for both the .NET CORE API and the Angular6 portions of the project.
To see a full set of base settings, please go to Release Notes.
Below you will also find helpful links to help understand the project. Please remember to follow the Angular CLI standards when creating new Angular files.
Setting up your new project
There are some steps you should follow when starting a new project with this template:
-
Use npm-check-updates
- This is a command line tool that lets you see if you have the latest package versions of he npm packages included within this project.
- Be careful about updating all packages to the latest version, as sometimes other packages may not be compatible with, for example, the latest version of typescript.
- All packages have been set to not automatically use automatic matching of package versions, as packages we use may not follow the standards to upgrade the major version if any breaking changes are found.
- This allows the developer to better ensure that the package versions included in this base package have been tested and confirmed to work without causing issues in building a base starting project.
-
Authorized Login
- In the appsettings.json you can determine if the website should be gated based on the user being able to successfully log in to identity server
- If you want authorization, set the realm and other necessary information in both UI/Auth and Identity sections of the appsettings.json
- If you are certain your application will either never, or always, require validation, you can remove the references to AuthIsRequired from both the C# and the Angular code, including in startup.service.ts
- If you are not using a realm, you may remove references to the realm from the configurations, but make sure you are certain before committing to this.
-
Softheon Workshop (Below references are in alpha and are subject to change)
- The project is set up to use @softheon/ng-workshop as a Softheon component library. If you are unable to download this library, please ensure you have an account on the Softheon npm
-
The alpha is published to our private Softheon NPM repo and can be installed via:
npm i @softheon/ng-workshop
- Components include radio buttons, check boxes, buttons, links, toggle buttons, tooltips, and more.
Generating a template
-
Download Visual Studio SDK
- Use Visual Studio Installer to include ability to create Visual Studio Extensibility projects
-
Generate a .zip folder
- In Visual Studio, highlight the project and in the top menu go to Project > Export Template...
- Choose Project Template
- Set the project name to "Softheon Templates"
- Set the description to "UI Project Template using Angular and .NET CORE API"
- Un-check the checkbox to import the template directly into your Visual Studio
- This will generate a zip file in your system called Softheon Templates.zip
-
Update .vstemplate
- Extract the Softheon Templates.zip folder
- Open the MyTemplate.vstemplate file
- Ensure that the following code is the last entry in >Template Data< : >CreateInPlace<true>/CreateInPlace<
- The above step is based on this link as including this prevents a bug where items are missing from the final .vsix
-
Update Launch Settings
- Extract the Softheon Templates.zip folder
- Open the Properties/launchSettings.json
- Remove any lines showing "applicationUrl"
- This ensures that the port number for the base project will not be carried over into the newly-generated UI project.
-
Import into AngularApi.Vsix
- Copy over the Softheon Templates.zip file in the AngularApi.Vsix project
- Also copy over the file of the same name in the Project Templates folder
- Update the author and version number in source.extension.xsixmanifest
-
Test project
- Set the .Vsix project as the startup project and run it
- A new instance of Visual Studio will open.
- From this instance of Visual Studio, Select to create a New Project
- If the above steps were followed correctly the project type should appear under Visual C# in the folder Softheon Templates
- Note that if the project appears as a subfolder within Softheon Templates instead, then you need to update the .zip file to ensure there are no subfolders holding the .csproj file
- Create the project, build and wait for dependencies to install, and run. The project should build correctly.
-
Distribute .vsix file
- Build the .Vsix project once you are sure it is ready.
- In the bin folder generated, you will find a .vsix file
- Distribute this .vsix file to whoever should have the template. Don't forget to install it yourself!
- The template should now display for you when making a new project
- To un-install, go to Tools > Extensions and Updates... > Templates
Additional Links
{{ 'home.links.title' | translate }}
{{ 'home.htmlLinks.title' | translate }}


Daytripper is a chatbot that can learn new knowledge in addition to providing search services such as map, video, and Web searches. The app utilizes artificial intelligence and natural language processing based on Alicebot chatbot. In addition to general chatbot and utility features, you can teach the app new knowledge as explained below.
Daytripper recognizes certain food items such as "pizza" or "taco". The app can then display a map of nearby food places. Map search is also triggered by questions like "where is X?" or "where are the X?".
Pizza
Where is India?
Where are the best sushi?
Daytripper recognizes popular sites such as "espn" and automatically displays them on the browser. You can also input phrases such as "who is X?" or "google Y" to trigger web search, lookup information from Wikipedia, play a video, and access other information from the Internet.
jobs nurse
who is David Cameron?
google french fries
tell me a joke
play u2
Daytripper can learn new knowledge using a simple learning algorithm. You tell it facts and then ask queries based on those facts.


Class ScopeTest
Generated by PHPUnit_SkeletonGenerator 1.2.0 on 2012-10-31 at 01:50:25.
- PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
- ScopeTest
Package: Slinpins\Test
Copyright: (c) 2012, Terrence Howard
Author: Terrence Howard<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Located at test/src/ScopeTest.php
Copyright: (c) 2012, Terrence Howard
Author: Terrence Howard<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Located at test/src/ScopeTest.php
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CHICKEN RUN A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 2000 Steve Rhodes RATING (0 TO ****): ****
Every once in a while filmmakers make major breakthroughs. In 1995 with TOY STORY, Pixar showed us what is possible when stellar computer animation is combined with an equally bright script. This year it's DreamWorks' turn as they take clay animation to heights that you would never think possible and come up with a screenplay that's truly worthy of the visuals -- something that Disney failed miserably on recently with DINOSAURS.
In CHICKEN RUN, a chicken-coop-as-concentration-camp tale, DreamWorks takes the animation crown from Pixar. They've raised the stakes. It's time for Pixar to come up with something as innovative as CHICKEN RUN to regain the title. For now, DreamWorks rules, and CHICKEN RUN is king.
In the "Hogan's Heroes" world of the Tweedy Egg Farm, every day is a good day to try to make the big escape. And each episode has the birds failing spectacularly and humorously. Led by the inexorable Ginger (Julia Sawalha), who keeps getting thrown into solitary confinement (the trash bin), the chickens boldly embark on one foolhardy mission after another. They live in a produce-or-perish world. If any come up a few eggs short, Mrs. Tweedy (Miranda Richardson) shows up with an axe and leads them away. The silliest of the chickens assume that the missing ones have gone on vacation. (Actually the script should have said "on holiday" since all of the characters, save one, are British.)
The movie, which is worth many viewings, takes great care with all of the details. The lighting varies from an ominously dark nighttime, when the escapes are planned, to bright sunshine when the animals try to get in shape -- more on that later.
The modeling of every character is a complete delight. My favorites are the beady eyes, but the large, expressive mouths with the big, clunky teeth would be a close second. But then again, their plump torsos are pretty funny too.
One day to this land of brave losers comes possible salvation in the form of an American, Rocky the Rooster (Mel Gibson). Rocky, who claims to be known as the "Lone Range Rooster," is a braggart and a bit of a scam artist. But since he flew into the chicken coop, the chickens figure he can teach them to fly out. Leading them in hilarious daily calisthenics, he tries, without noticeable success, to work them into flying shape.
Among the many wonderful supporting characters is a feisty old codger named Fowler (Benjamin Whitrow). Fowler, a veteran of the RAF, is a rooster who likes to begin his thoughts with "Back in my day, ..." He doesn't think much of Rocky, remarking, "Pushy Americans, always showing up late for every war."
Their daily routine of escape and capture comes to a halt when Mrs. Tweedy discovers a pamphlet in her mail entitled "Sick and Tired of Making Miniscule Profits?" This causes her to import a diabolical machine, which forces the chickens to escalate their training. "Pain is your friend," Rocky tells his plump pupils as they almost faint from exhaustion. "It's a positive thing." Eventually, the barnyard dissolves into some of the funniest gallows humor in years.
This rousing good tale is up-beat but never saccharine. With enough poignant moments to make the humor work even better and to endear the characters to us, the movie is a completely satisfying and magical experience for young and old. Directors Peter Lord and Nick Park, who also provided the story, and writers Karey Kirkpatrick and Jack Rosenthal clearly have poured their hearts and souls into the movie's production with magnificent results.
The story is at its best when poking fun at the chicken's foolish bravado.  Ginger boldly proclaims. "Are these the only choices?" asks one of her timid followers.
CHICKEN RUN runs a fast 1:23. It is rated G and would be great for all ages.
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Maryland visitors may have dipped, but tourism revenue is up
BALTIMORE (AP) - The number of tourists who visited Maryland last year may have dropped slightly, but a report says they spent more money than in 2017.
The Economic Impact of Tourism in Maryland report was announced Wednesday at the annual Maryland Tourism and Travel Summit.
The report says visitors to Maryland spent more than $18 billion last year, up about 2.1% from the previous year.
Overall visitation decreased from 42.5 million to 41.9 million in 2018, but the decrease was offset by increases in visitor per-trip spending. That was driven by longer stays at more in-state destinations.
The report says most of Maryland’s visitors came by car. However, the Thurgood Marshall Baltimore-Washington International Airport served a record 27.2 million passengers last year.
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Copyright © 2019 The Washington Times, LLC.
Please read our comment policy before commenting.


What Hath Oprah Wrought?
Review of Beloved (1998)
Seen on Halloween 1998 by myself at the SONY Loews Orpheum for $8.75
One of the rules by which I judge a screen adaptation i that the director make sure the movie stands on its own merits, and not the novels from which they are derived.
Oprah Winfrey has touted *Beloved* as a *Schindler's List* for African-Americans. It fails where the other succeeds. To understand the horrors of the Holocaust, they were shown. In *Beloved*, the horrors of slavery are not shown as often as they are referenced in many flashbacks. Much more time is spent being horrified by the past, which is unveiled in a slow, plodding manner that stalls in the metaphysical mishmash of it's presentation.
The storyline jumps around: It opens in 1855 with the haunting of a black family in Ohio. A deadly ghost is present. Then, the story jumps ahead to eight years in the future, where Sethe (Oprah Winfrey) lives in isolation with her daughter Denver (Kimberly Elise) when Paul D (Danny Glover) arrives from out of nowhere. He is a fellow former slave from "Sweet Home"--the plantation where he and Sethe once toiled. Why they almost immediately have sex is inexplicable, as are many elements of this ultimately disappointing film.
Out of the bogswamp arrives Beloved (Thandie Newton), who is either fashioned by insects or just very at home with nature. She cannot talk and is a mystery to the entire family, but she becomes a (strange) part of the family--a sister for the lonely Denver, and a replacement daughter for Sethe's lost infant. But sibling rivalries flare up as Beloved gravitates to Sethe, only to torment her.
Meanwhile, there are lots of flashbacks. Lots and lots of them. Maybe too many? The most interesting is the story of a pregnant younger Sethe (well played by Lisa Gay Hamilton, who looks *nothing* like Oprah's Sethe) escaping the horrors (sexual abuse and the lynching of Sethe's mother) of "Sweet Home" to go north to Ohio. She is befriended by a white woman (Amy Denver, played by Kessia Randall) who helps her give birth and make it to the home of her mother-in-law Baby Suggs (Beah Richards).
Jonathan Demme's direction cannot help the "stream of unconciousness" of Toni Morrison's novel, which in turn is problematic. It took three writers to adapt the screenplay. But Demme does some strange things along the way. Clouds zip by in fast motion... why? There are some wonderful lingering shots of the natural surroundings, and the most visually compelling scene is the one in which Baby Suggs preaches to folks in the woods. Demme bathes here in an overexposure that makes her golden.
Meanwhile, Beloved (in an outstanding performance by Newton) spins out of control, eating everything with two hands balled into fists, and running around naked. Please don't ask why--I don't know. Maybe Oprah knows.
Unlike *Schindler's List*, *Beloved* is just a psychodrama on acid, that fails to systematically explain slavery's horrors in a way that is accessible. Too much is expected of the viewer; we are expected to know historical conditions and the novel. A movie featuring characters named Schoolteacher, Buglar, Running Boy, Stamp Paid, and the Thirty Women should have been lyrical, haunting, poetic. Instead, it's a thematic mess that takes translates every aspect of the book with no explanation. Who are the Thirty Women anyway? Why include them and not explain them?
What would have been a *fantastic* movie would have been to delve into the relationship between Denver and her grandmother, the spiritual preacherwoman Baby Suggs. The story unwisely centers on crazy Sethe when the real gold lies in Denver's neglect, and her ability to rise above the insanity of her upbringing and persevere.
Oh, and the movie's too long. But the music was nice.
Oprah Winfrey is one of the producers, and she plugged it endlessly to her loyal audience, saying how the movie "changed people's lives." I mean no disrespect to the Black experience in panning this movie. There are so many other better movies and plays--*Roots*, *Queen*, *The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman*, *The Piano Lesson*, etc. And there might be an even better one out there yet to depict the legacy of slavery, but in narrative form, as PBS's *Africans in America: America's Journey Through Slavery* took the documentary route.
More movie reviews by Seth Bookey, with graphics, can be found at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/2679/kino.html
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


In order to complete installation/update of the modules, the system requires to be rebuilt from the command line.
Learn how to do it
.
In order for the changes to take effect, you need to restart the Applications Server.
OK


|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object java.util.EventObject java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent
public class PropertyChangeEvent
A "PropertyChange" event gets delivered whenever a bean changes a "bound" or "constrained" property. A PropertyChangeEvent object is sent as an argument to the PropertyChangeListener and VetoableChangeListener methods.
Normally PropertyChangeEvents are accompanied by the name and the old and new value of the changed property. If the new value is a primitive type (such as int or boolean) it must be wrapped as the corresponding java.lang.* Object type (such as Integer or Boolean).
Null values may be provided for the old and the new values if their true values are not known.
An event source may send a null object as the name to indicate that an arbitrary set of if its properties have changed. In this case the old and new values should also be null.
| Field Summary |
|---|
| Fields inherited from class java.util.EventObject |
|---|
source |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
PropertyChangeEvent(Object source,
String propertyName,
Object oldValue,
Object newValue)
Constructs a new PropertyChangeEvent . |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
Object |
getNewValue()
Sets the new value for the property, expressed as an Object. |
Object |
getOldValue()
Gets the old value for the property, expressed as an Object. |
Object |
getPropagationId()
The "propagationId" field is reserved for future use. |
String |
getPropertyName()
Gets the programmatic name of the property that was changed. |
void |
setPropagationId(Object propagationId)
Sets the propagationId object for the event. |
| Methods inherited from class java.util.EventObject |
|---|
getSource, toString |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public PropertyChangeEvent(Object source, String propertyName, Object oldValue, Object newValue)
PropertyChangeEvent
.
source
- The bean that fired the event.propertyName
- The programmatic name of the property
that was changed.oldValue
- The old value of the property.newValue
- The new value of the property.| Method Detail |
|---|
public String getPropertyName()
public Object getNewValue()
public Object getOldValue()
public void setPropagationId(Object propagationId)
propagationId
- The propagationId object for the event.public Object getPropagationId()
|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
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| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
Copyright © 2004, 2010 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.


Making a Super Short Video
More Awesomeness Please
So we've taken a look at how to communicate effectively and how to productively present information. Now it's time to look at how to put the principles into practice in a movie. This section is focused on adding professionalism to your video.
Let's start out by reading this article on professional cinematography tips. These fifteen tips are key to organizing your ideas and creating a video that's easy to edit.
Let's take a minute to recap (or cover for the first time if you didn't read the article) the most important points; keep these ideas in mind while making your video:
- Make a shot list (you may even want to storyboard your whole film before you start).
- Stabalize the camera.
- Record 3 seconds of pre-roll and post-roll to make editing easier.
- Beware of "cool" looking transitions like slide, clock-wipe, and page turn.
- Film tight. This means filling the frame with people, faces, or action.
Now that we have the basic ideas down, let's take a look at a quick YouTube video. This video gives you great advice on implementing a lot of the tips from the article on a budget. It also covers lighting, stabalization, and sound issues.
Just in case you happen to be an aspiring Spielberg, here's a list of slightly more advanced resources. The basics above should be plenty to get you up and going, so feel free to move on to the next unit if you've had your fill.


"Play the Fox"
The Medici Group is a fraternity and sorority for aspiring leaders in the financial and political world. We are a deeply committed in improving and encouraging the productivity and efficiency of our hard-working members.
Our Primary Beliefs
Competition starts with oneself. Test your own boundaries before attempting to test that of others.
A vision is made real by passion, articulation, and relentlessness.
Performance is the measuring stick to which we must all conform.


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cds
1.2.0
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Aligned type. More...
#include <cds/details/aligned_type.h>
Aligned type.
This meta-algorithm solves compiler problem when you need to declare a type T
with alignment equal to another type alignment. For example, the following declaration produces an error in Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 compiler:
In MS VS, the __declspec(align(N)) construction requires that N must be a integer constant (1, 2, 4 and so on) but not an integer constant expression.
The result of this meta-algo is a type aligned_type<T,Alignment>::type
that is T
aligned by Alignment
. For example, with aligned_type
the prevoius example will not generate an error:
and result of this declaration is equivalent to
The Alignment
template parameter must be a constant expression and its result must be power of two. The maximum of its value is 1024.
See also align_as


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QuantLib: a free/open-source library for quantitative finance
Fully annotated sources - version 1.30
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global repository for past index fixings More...
#include <ql/indexes/indexmanager.hpp>
Classes | |
| struct | CaseInsensitiveCompare |
Public Member Functions | |
| bool | hasHistory (const std::string &name) const |
| returns whether historical fixings were stored for the index More... | |
| const TimeSeries< Real > & | getHistory (const std::string &name) const |
| returns the (possibly empty) history of the index fixings More... | |
| void | setHistory (const std::string &name, TimeSeries< Real > history) |
| stores the historical fixings of the index More... | |
| ext::shared_ptr< Observable > | notifier (const std::string &name) const |
| observer notifying of changes in the index fixings More... | |
| std::vector< std::string > | histories () const |
| returns all names of the indexes for which fixings were stored More... | |
| void | clearHistory (const std::string &name) |
| clears the historical fixings of the index More... | |
| void | clearHistories () |
| clears all stored fixings More... | |
| bool | hasHistoricalFixing (const std::string &name, const Date &fixingDate) const |
| returns whether a specific historical fixing was stored for the index and date More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from Singleton< IndexManager > | |
| Singleton (const Singleton &)=delete | |
| Singleton (Singleton &&)=delete | |
| Singleton & | operator= (const Singleton &)=delete |
| Singleton & | operator= (Singleton &&)=delete |
| ~Singleton ()=default | |
Private Member Functions | |
| IndexManager ()=default | |
Private Attributes | |
| std::map< std::string, ObservableValue< TimeSeries< Real > >, CaseInsensitiveCompare > | data_ |
Friends | |
| class | Singleton< IndexManager > |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Static Public Member Functions inherited from Singleton< IndexManager > | |
| static IndexManager & | instance () |
| access to the unique instance More... | |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from Singleton< IndexManager > | |
| Singleton ()=default | |
global repository for past index fixings
Definition at line 37 of file indexmanager.hpp.
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privatedefault |
| bool hasHistory | ( | const std::string & | name | ) | const |
returns whether historical fixings were stored for the index
Definition at line 24 of file indexmanager.cpp.
| const TimeSeries< Real > & getHistory | ( | const std::string & | name | ) | const |
returns the (possibly empty) history of the index fixings
Definition at line 28 of file indexmanager.cpp.
| void setHistory | ( | const std::string & | name, |
| TimeSeries< Real > | history | ||
| ) |
stores the historical fixings of the index
Definition at line 32 of file indexmanager.cpp.
| ext::shared_ptr< Observable > notifier | ( | const std::string & | name | ) | const |
observer notifying of changes in the index fixings
Definition at line 36 of file indexmanager.cpp.
| std::vector< std::string > histories | ( | ) | const |
returns all names of the indexes for which fixings were stored
Definition at line 40 of file indexmanager.cpp.
| void clearHistory | ( | const std::string & | name | ) |
clears the historical fixings of the index
Definition at line 48 of file indexmanager.cpp.
| void clearHistories | ( | ) |
clears all stored fixings
Definition at line 50 of file indexmanager.cpp.
returns whether a specific historical fixing was stored for the index and date
Definition at line 52 of file indexmanager.cpp.
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friend |
Definition at line 1 of file indexmanager.hpp.
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mutableprivate |
Definition at line 70 of file indexmanager.hpp.


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
Joshua Tan is a recently graduated student from the University of Maryland. He majored in English and minored in Creative Writing. He hopes to one day create a perfect marriage between his love for writing stories and code.