The toUTCString() method converts a date to a UTC string (date display standard).
The internal clock in JavaScript starts at midnight January 1, 1970.
Set method


COVID19 tissue simulator
This model simulates viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus / COVID19) in a layer of epithelium
and several submodels (such as single-cell response, pyroptosis death model, tissue-damage model, lymph node model and immune response). It is being rapidly prototyped and refined with community support
(see below).
Please note that this is a stochastic model: for some simulation runs, you may see the immune system fail to respond. Users are encouraged to try the simulation multiple times.
This multiscale simulator combines several model components:
- Tissue: Virus, cell debris, immunoglobulin, and chemokines diffuse within the extracellular space. They may also “decay” to reflect removal by interstitial flow into nearby blood vessels or airways. In version 0.5.0, Virus and immunoglobulin react for Virus removal in the tissue.
- ACE2 receptor dynamics: Virions bind to ACE2 receptors on the surface, which
are internalized (endocytosed) into cells. After virions are released from internalized receptors, they
can return to the surface.
- Viral replication: Internalized virus is uncoated to expose viral RNA, which synthesizes
viral proteins that are assembled into virions. Assembled virions are transported to the cell surface to be exported
to the tissue (exocytosed).
- Single-cell response: Infected cells secrete a chemokine that may attract immune cells. In a simple pharmacodynamics response (to assembled virions), infected cells can undergo apoptosis. Infected cells also secrete Type-I interferon which induces the inhibition of viral protein synthesis. Apoptosed cells release some or all of their internal contents, notably including virions.
- Pyroptosis death model: Viral RNA levels within the cell act as a DAMP/PAMP that initiates the pyroptosis cascade. The intracellular processes result in the secretion of cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, as well as cell swelling and rupture.
- Tissue-damage model: Fibroblast-mediated collagen deposition was included to account for the fibrosis at the damaged site in response to immune response-induced tissue injury, in which fibroblast cells are recruited into the tissue by following the gradient of anti-inflammatory cytokine and deposit collagen in the place where infected cells are killed by CD8+ T cells.
- Lymph node (LN) model: The presence of virus and infected cells in the tissue induces dendritic cells to activate and egress out of tissue to lymph nodes, where they present antigen to induce activation and proliferation of virus-specific CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and immunoglobulin. Time delays can be defined to account for Cell Travel time of DCs, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.
- Immune response:
- Resident (and recruited) macrophages seek apoptotic cells. They phagocytose (ingest) dead cells
upon contact and activate. They also break down ("digest") ingested materials.
- Activated macrophages release a pro-inflammatory cytokine to recruit other immune cells, while
seeking both apoptotic and infected cells by chemotaxis. Activated macrophages can “wear out” and apoptose after phagocytosing
too much material.
- Exhausted macrophages are active macrophages that internalised debris is above a threshold. They would stop phagocytosing in this stage.
- Hyperactivated macrophages are able to phagocytose infected cells with at least one intracellular viral protein when CD4+ T cells induce macrophages to a hyperactive state.
- Neutrophils are recruited by accumulated pro-inflammatory cytokine. They seek apoptotic cells,
phagocytose them, and activate. Activated neutrophils seek both apoptotic and infected cells. Neutrophils also capture
extracellular virions. In version 0.5.0, neutrophils secrete ROS on phagocytosis, which can cause ROS induced apoptosis.
- CD8+ T cells are recruited by the lymph node.
They seek and adhere to infected cells. After sufficient contact time with one or more CD8+ T cells, infected cells undergo apoptosis. They would increase proliferation rate and killing efficacy after activated DCs present antigen to them.
- CD4+ T cells are recruited by the lymph node. They apoptose naturally and become dead cells. They are activated in the lymph node by three signals: (1) antigenic presentation by the DCs, (2) direct activation by cytokines secreted by DCs, (3) direct activation by cyto-kines secreted by CD4+ T cells.
- Dendritic cells residential exit in the tissue and are activated by infected cells and/or virus. Portion of activated DCs leave the tissue to travel to the lymph node. Activated DCs present antigen to CD8+ T cells, which benefits them from improving proliferation rate and killing efficacy.
- Fibroblast are recruited into the tissue by anti-inflammatory cytokine. Fibroblast cells apoptose naturally and become dead cells. They move locally in the tissue along up gradients of anti-inflammatory cytokine and deposit collagen in the location where infected cells are killed by CD8+ T cells for a set time.
- immunoglobulin are recruited by the lymph node. They bind and remove Virion in the tissue and bind to infected cells for macrophage removal.
Please cite this project via the preprint:
M. Getz et al., Iterative community-driven development of a SARS-CoV-2 tissue simulator.
bioRxiv 2<IP_ADDRESS>075, 2020, (Preprint).
doi: 10.1101/2<IP_ADDRESS>075.
Legend:
- lung epithelium: are colored by their (assembled) virion loads in four colors
- Cells with 0 assembled virions.
- Cells with 1-9 assembled virions.
- Cells with 10-99 assembled virions.
- Cells with 100-999 assembled virions.
- Cells with 1000+ assembled virions.
- Apoptotic (dead from viral load)
- CD8+ T cells: are colored by their cell cycle status
- G0G1, S, G2, M cycle
- Apoptotic
- CD4+ T cells: are colored by their cell cycle status
- G0G1, S, G2, M cycle
- Apoptotic
- macrophage: are colored by their cell cycle status
- G0G1, S, G2, M cycle
- Activated macrophage
- Exhausted macrophage
- Hyperactivated macrophage
- Apoptotic
- neutrophil: are colored by their cell cycle status
- G0G1, S, G2, M cycle
- Apoptotic
- fibroblast: are colored by their cell cycle status
- G0G1, S, G2, M cycle
- Apoptotic
- Dendritic cells: are colored by their cell cycle status
- G0G1, S, G2, M cycle
- Activated DC
- Apoptotic
- Background: Contour plot of released virus that is diffusing in and above the tissue.
Caveats and disclaimers
This model is under active development using rapid prototyping:
- It has not been peer reviewed.
- It is intended to drive basic scientific research and public education at this stage.
- It cannot be used for public policy decisions.
- It cannot be used for individual medical decisions.
This model will be continually refined with input from the community, particularly experts
in infectious diseases. The validation state will be updated as this progresses.
GUI Overview
- Config Basics tab: input parameters common to all models (e.g., domain grid, simulation time, choice/frequency of outputs)
- Microenvironment tab: microenvironment parameters that are model-specific
- User Params tab: user parameters that are model-specific
- Cell Types tab: parameters for cell types that are model-specific
- Out: Plots tab: output display of cells and substrates, plus (optional) analysis plots
Clicking the 'Run' button will use the specified parameters and start a simulation. When clicked, it creates an "Output" widget
that can be clicked/expanded to reveal the progress of the simulation. When the simulation generates output files,
they can be visualized in the "Out: Plots" tab. The "# cell frames" will be dynamically updated
as those output files are generated by the running simulation. When the "Run" button is clicked, it toggles to a "Cancel" button
that will terminate (not pause) the simulation.
Model details
This model is being rapidly prototyped. Biological and mathematical detail can be found at:
We request community help in estimating parameters and improving model assumptions at the link above.
This model and cloud-hosted demo are part of the education
and outreach for the IU Engineered nanoBIO Node and the NCI-funded cancer systems biology grant U01CA232137.
The models are built using PhysiCell:
a C++ framework for multicellular systems biology.
Modify parameters in the "Config Basics", "Microenvironment", "User Params", or "Cell Types" tabs. Click the "Run" button once you are ready.
To view the output results, click the "Out: Plots" tab, and move the slider bar to advance through simulation frames.
Note that as the simulation runs, the "# cell frames" field will increase, so you can view more simulation frames.
Since there are multiple substrates defined in the Microenvironment, you can select a different one from the drop-down widget in the Plots tab. You can also provide fixed min,max values for the colormap range of values.
Note that you can download full simulation data for further exploration in your tools of choice.
About the software:
This model and cloud-hosted demo are part of the education and outreach
for the IU Engineered nanoBIO Node and the NCI-funded cancer systems biology grant U01CA232137.
The models are built using PhysiCell: a C++ framework for multicellular systems biology [1]
for the core simulation engine and xml2jupyter [2] to create the graphical user interface (GUI).
-
A. Ghaffarizadeh, R. Heiland, S.H. Friedman, S.M. Mumenthaler, and P. Macklin. PhysiCell: an open source physics-based cell simulator for 3-D multicellular systems. PLoS Comput. Biol. 14(2):e1005991, 2018. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005991.
-
R. Heiland, D. Mishler, T. Zhang, E. Bower, and P. Macklin. xml2jupyter: Mapping parameters between XML and Jupyter widgets. Journal of Open Source Software 4(39):1408, 2019. DOI: 10.21105/joss.01408.


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Game Tracking:
- Auto Start:
When selected, Count It will automatically search for and begin tracking the frame rate of any game that has previously been added to Count It once it is launched.
With auto start on, there is no need to manually click "Launch" or "Start" from the main toolbar.
- Auto Stop:
When selected, Count It will automatically stop tracking the frame rate once the game is closed. When deselected, when a game that is
being tracked closes, Count It will automatically start waiting for the game to relaunch. This can be useful in situations in which a game's
launcher or other such process (i.e. graphics settings changes) force the game to relaunch. In this situation, if auto stop is off, Count It
would automatically reconnect to the game.
Decimal Precision:
Formats the frame rate to display the specified number of digits to the right of the decimal.
Sampling Rate:
Adjusts the frequency that the frame rate is updated. A higher sampling rate means that the frame rate is updated more often.
Save Directory:
The directory that all app data and automatic recording session exports will be saved to. Changing this directory will move
the existing files to the new location.


A Protective Collar is an option strategy that involves both the underlying stock and two option contracts. The trader buys (or already owns) a stock, then buys an out-the-money put option and sells an out-the-money call option. It is similar to the covered call strategy but with the purchase of an additional put option. This strategy is employed if the trader is writing covered calls but wishes to protect himself from an unexpected drop in the price of the underlying security. As a tradeoff for loss-protection, the profit is limited compared with the Covered Call strategy.
# Protective Collar price = np.arange(700,950,1) # assume at time 0, the price of the undelying stock is 830 k_otm_put = 800 # the strike price of OTM put k_otm_call = 860 # the strike price of OTM call premium_otm_put = 6 # the premium of OTM put premium_otm_call = 2 # the premium of OTM call # payoff for the long put position payoff_long_put = [max(-premium_otm_put, k_otm_put-i-premium_otm_put) for i in price] # payoff for the short call position payoff_short_call = [min(premium_otm_call, -(i-k_otm_call-premium_otm_call)) for i in price] # payoff for the underlying stock payoff_stock = price - 830 # payoff for the Protective Collar Strategy payoff = np.sum([payoff_long_put,payoff_short_call,payoff_stock], axis=0) plt.figure(figsize=(20,15)) plt.plot(price, payoff_long_put, label = 'Long Put',linestyle='--') plt.plot(price, payoff_short_call, label = 'Short Call',linestyle='--') plt.plot(price, payoff_stock, label = 'Underlying Stock',linestyle='--') plt.plot(price, payoff, label = 'Protective Collar',c='black') plt.legend(fontsize = 20) plt.xlabel('Stock Price at Expiry',fontsize = 15) plt.ylabel('payoff',fontsize = 15) plt.title('Protective Collar Strategy - Payoff',fontsize = 20) plt.grid(True)
According to the payoff plot, the maximum profit is the strike price of short call minus the purchase price of the underlying asset plus the net credit from the premium. It occurs when the underlying price is beyond the strike price of the short call option. The maximum loss is the purchase price of the underlying asset minus the strike price of the long put minus the net credit from the premium. It occurs when the stock price is below the strike price of the long put. It is a strategy with both limited risk and limited profit.


jQuery Reel Examples
object-movie-animation-sprite
Animation
No ID
object-movie-camera-sequence
Simplest
object-movie-clockwise-sequence
Animation
Clockwise
Annotation
object-movie-clockwise-sprite
Animation
Clockwise
Annotation
object-movie-direct-sequence
Animation
Direct sequence
object-movie-directional-sprite
Animation
Directional mode
object-movie-dual-orbit-sequence
Animation
Dual-orbit mode
Annotation
object-movie-multi-row-sequence
Animation
Multi-row mode
Annotations
object-movie-multi-row-sprite
Multi-row mode
Stepping events
object-movie-non-animated-sprite
No animation
Stepping events
NEW
object-movie-non-looping-sequence
Realtime image switching
Animation
NEW
object-movie-non-looping-sprite
Realtime image switching
Animation
panorama-multi-row-stitched
Multi-row
panorama-click-free-stitched
Animation
Click-free
NEW
panorama-orientable-stitched
Annotations
Gyroscope
NEW
panorama-non-looping-sequence
Non-looping
Annotation
Fancybox
panorama-non-looping-stitched
Animation
Non-looping
Annotations
panorama-sprite
Animation
panorama-sprite-local-assets
Animation
Local assets
© 2009-2013
Petr Vostřel
, part of
jQuery Reel
project, free under the
MIT License
.


Mission Control
Trigger
Say
Projection
Scenes
Time
Settings
Participant ID
#0
#1
#2
Websocket Address
Port
Connect
Disconnect
Network status
Standby.
PDF file
Select a file


Mobolake Multipurpose Hall
5, Adebayo Jegede Street, Off Jagaban Rd., Ikeja, Lagos.
Johnson Theater
25, Lagbaja street, off Tamedun road, Lagos.
Xenon WHite Hall
25, Lagbaja street, off Tamedun road, Lagos.
Jiro Club
25, Lagbaja street, off Tamedun road, Lagos.
Johnsons' Entertainment Center
25, Lagbaja street, off Tamedun road, Lagos.
Onike Amphitheatre
25, Lagbaja street, off Tamedun road, Lagos.
Johnson Theater
25, Lagbaja street, off Tamedun road, Lagos.
Xenon WHite Hall
25, Lagbaja street, off Tamedun road, Lagos.
Jiro Club
25, Lagbaja street, off Tamedun road, Lagos.
Johnsons' Entertainment Center
25, Lagbaja street, off Tamedun road, Lagos.
Onike Amphitheatre
25, Lagbaja street, off Tamedun road, Lagos.


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: Podcast 2.16 - Media Session with Aramis Ramirez in Peoria author: display_name: Corey Fineran login: Corey email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: Corey author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wordpress_id: 2904 wordpress_url: http://ivyenvy.com/?p=2904 date: '2010-06-23 07:00:57 +0000' date_gmt: '2010-06-23 12:00:57 +0000' categories: - Ivy Envy - Minor Leagues - Podcast - injuries tags: [] comments: - id: 1419 author: Ryan author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: '' date: '2010-06-23 22:40:33 +0000' date_gmt: '2010-06-24 03:40:33 +0000' content: "Great work Matt. We thank Veto League for continuing to provide our website with great content. \r\n\r\nMeehan" ---
Chicago Cubs third baseman Aramis Ramirez talks to reporters after his first of two rehab games with the Peoria Chiefs against the Quad Cities River Bandits on June 19, 2010. Ramirez was rehabbing a sore left thumb. This is a contribution from Ivy Envy guest, Matt Veto.


Life is too short!  Learn, play, make someone feel special, try a new sport, read a new book, learn a new skill...make the most of this gift called Life! :)
Learn more about me!Hi, I'm Saurabh. You can spot me in the Boston University labs and classrooms: always with a purpose. I love going all-out in whatever I do, be it studies, my hobbies or my passions. I love diving into new technologies head-first; learning through application of concepts is how I learn best. I have travelled a lot, been a part of different cultures thanks to my past work experiences and really enjoy working on projects which can serve a purpose and inspire others to build upon my work. On holidays, you can find me out in the field, kayaking in the Charles river or just getting in touch with friends and family or meeting new people. I am a video game aficionado and have been a professional gamer (Quake Live, Dota 2). Oh but I'm no couch potato, I love being outdoors just as much! Soccer and cricket are my favorite sports and I can play them all day. If I wasn't an Engineer, I'd have loved to be a pro footballer or cricketer :D
As my colleagues from CSC and Nichikare would tell you, I love working in teams. No task is too big for the right team ;)
I love playing the perfectionist at times. Something about a task well accomplished really excites me!
My confidence to be able to dive head-first into projects comes from the fact that I love doing my homework on the technologies to be used. Unless you know which brush to use on the canvas, it's hard to create an awe-inspiring landscape don't you think?
I wouldn't have called myself a humble or a patient person a few years ago. But life has taught me that in order to be able to succeed in our own eyes, we must approach our peers and friends with patience, humility and a big smile
Under the valuable guidance of Professor Margarit Betke, I am working on merging the latest robotic arm technology with the image processing technologies for the benefit of patients who have faced unfortunate circumstances in their lives, such as an accident or a stroke. Many patients who are recovering in such situations, require physiotherapy for their limbs to regain strength. This can be achieved by using mechanical arms with a constant guidance from doctors and medical professionals. In my research, I am using the Barrett Proficio Mechanical Arm and interfacing it with the XBox One Kinect. This will allow the patient to use the Barrett Arm without the need of an expert being physical present. Currently, I am training the arm for specific exercises and developing image processing algorithms which will detect if the patient is able to obtain the desired results. An interactive GUI and internet connectivity will ensure that the patient remains motivated and engaged while the doctor can observe the progress and add more exercises remotely. I am very excited with the progress I have made so far and am looking to submit my research paper by 20th March, 2017.


@* * Copyright 2021 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import uk.gov.hmrc.play.views.html._ @import views.html._ @import viewmodels.Message @import controllers.remove.psa.routes._ @import utils.ViewHelper.titleWithErrors @import controllers.psa.routes._ @this( main_template: main_template, formHelper: FormWithCSRF ) @( form: Form[Boolean], schemeName: String, srn: String, index: Int )( implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages ) @paragraphText = { @messages("messages__removePspDeclaration__p__screenReaderAlternative") } @main_template( title = titleWithErrors(form, messages("messages__removePspDeclaration__title")), bodyClasses = None ) { @components.back_link() @components.error_summary(form.errors) @components.heading(Message("messages__removePspDeclaration__title")) @formHelper(action = PsaRemovePspDeclarationController.onSubmit(index), 'autoComplete -> "off") {
@Html(paragraphText.toString)
@components.fieldSet( field = form("value"), legend = messages("messages__removePspDeclaration__title"), hiddenLegend = true ) {@messages("messages__returnToSchemeDetails__link", schemeName)
} }


Dear Sir/madam, I have a client who wants to invest in your country presently the fund is deposited in security bank vault is US$9Million (Nine Million United States Dollars). My client is a General in Liberia army and he would want his name to remain a top secret. Subsequently, you are to assist us in the areas of investing this fund in your country.You will be required to: 1) Assist us in investing of the said Amount (2) Advise us on lucrative areas for Investment (3) Assist us in purchase of Properties. If you can help, Please email or call me on telephone number +44<PHONE_NUMBER> 0r<EMAIL_ADDRESS>So that we can arrange how to move the money to your country. We will offer you 15% of the total sum of US$9Million as fee for your efforts and support. I am waiting for your urgent response. Please reply. Thank you. GRATEFULLY TREAT AS URGENT. Talla Dou Azize (Esq.) London England.


A SIMPLE WISH
A Film Review by James Berardinelli
RATING (0 TO 10): 6.0 Alternative Scale: **1/2 out of ****
United States, 1997 U.S. Release Date: 7/11/97 (wide) Running Length: 1:30 MPAA Classification: PG (Scary moments) Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 1.85:1
Cast: Mara Wilson, Martin Short, Kathleen Turner, Francis Capra, Robert Pastorelli, Amanda Plummer, Teri Garr, Ruby Dee Director: Michael Ritchie Producers: Sid, Bill, and Jon Sheinberg Screenplay: Jeff Rothberg Cinematography: Ralf Bode Music: Bruce Broughton U.S. Distributor: Universal Pictures
A SIMPLE WISH falls into the category occupied by dozens of other recent family features that share a few traits -- they're innocuous, mediocre, and thoroughly forgettable. The movie, directed by Michael Ritchie (THE BAD NEWS BEARS, FLETCH) from a script by Jeff Rothberg, isn't bad per se, but it's the kind of production where nothing sticks in the mind once you've exited the theater. Inept films linger like a bad taste and good movies bathe the viewer in a pleasant afterglow, but A SIMPLE WISH's feeble impression vanishes the moment that there's something marginally interesting to captivate the attention (like looking both ways before crossing the street).
The best thing about A SIMPLE WISH is young actress Mara Wilson, who despite being noticeably older here than in her previous two outings, A MIRACLE ON 34TH STREET and MATILDA, still retains her feckless charm and unforced acting style. The worst thing about the movie is Martin Short. Under ideal circumstances, Short can be grating, but here, attempting to mimic Jim Carrey, he's occasionally unbearable. The scenes where he's not around tend to be A SIMPLE WISH's most entertaining.
The plot flows along the lines of a modern-day, fractured fable. Seven-year old Anabel Greening (Wilson) is facing a dire prospect: unless her widowed father (Robert Pastorelli), a Central Park hansom cab driver, gets a part in the Broadway musical, TWO CITIES, he has decided to pack up Anabel and her older brother, Charlie (Francis Capra), and move to Nebraska. To prevent this unthinkable event from occurring, Anabel requests the aid of a fairy godmother. What she gets is the incompetent Murray (Short), the only guy who's working on a fairy godmothers' holiday, and, instead of granting Anabel's simple wish, he exacerbates matters. To further complicate the situation, the evil witch Claudia (Kathleen Turner) is out to take control of the North American Fairy Godmothers' Association, and Murray has the magic wand she craves the most.
At least A SIMPLE WISH never takes itself seriously. It knows that it's a silly film, and everyone plays along, keeping the tone somewhere between relaxed and campy. Kathleen Turner and Amanda Plummer have fun chewing on the scenery, although their antics are mercifully restrained compared to Short's. Francis Capra manages to be a little less obnoxious here than he was in KAZAAM, and Robert Pastorelli (MICHAEL) brings an appealing mixture of dignity and likeability to his role. Teri Garr and Ruby Dee have small parts as traditional fairy godmothers.
There are times when the film's self-deprecating humor is amusing. Turner has some of the best lines, describing the job of a fairy godmother as "listening to [little girls'] insipid wishes" and calling Cinderella a "masochistic idiot." The script refers to and/or pokes fun at such targets as bedtime stories, Broadway musicals in general and Andrew Lloyd Webber in particular, Shakespeare, THE WIZARD OF OZ, and, incredibly, CITIZEN KANE (watch the snow globe). It would all be a lot more enjoyable if Martin Short didn't keep interrupting.
It's easy to tell that A SIMPLE WISH doesn't have the limitless budget of Universal's other recent summer release, THE LOST WORLD. Spielberg's summer blockbuster was defined by state-of-the-art special effects. A SIMPLE WISH is hampered by some rather cheap-looking visuals. The film's attempts at magic are awkward to watch. For example, there's a group of digitally-designed frogs that allow the viewer to appreciate just how impressive the Budweiser TV commercial creations are.
I assume the target group for A SIMPLE WISH is basically the same one as for last year's MATILDA. A number of similar elements are in place: a plucky heroine played by Mara Wilson, magic, echoes of Dickens, a cartoon-like villain, and a happy ending. Of course, since A SIMPLE WISH isn't as skillfully constructed and is saddled with Martin Short, the best advice I can offer is to rent MATILDA now and wait for A SIMPLE WISH to hit video shelves in the near future. It won't take too long -- this film doesn't have the strength or stamina to stand up against the other mid-July competition.
Copyright 1997 James Berardinelli
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- James Berardinelli e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>ReelViews web site: http://www.cybernex.net/~berardin
"A film is a petrified fountain of thought." - Jean Cocteau
--=====================_868956992==_--
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rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Transitions
Transitions are declared as a dictionary referring to source and target states, trigger, and effect.
= {'source': 'initial', trigger: 't', target='s1', effect='action()'} t0
Initial Transitions
A state machine must have exactly one initial transition. An initial transition is declared as normal transition, with the source referring to the keyword initial
. An innitial transition is triggered when the state machine is started, and does hence not declare any trigger.
= {'source': 'initial', target='s1'} t0
Transition Actions
The value of the attributes for transition effects can list several actions that are called on the object provided to the state machine. This list of actions can look in the following way:
='m1; m2(); m3(1, True, "a"); m4(*)' effect
This is a semicolon-separated list of actions that are called, here as part of a transition’s effect. Method m1 has no arguments, and neither does m2. This means the empty brackets are optional. Method m3 has three literal arguments, here the integer 1, the boolean True and the string ‘a’. Note how the string is surrounded by double quotation marks, since the entire effect is coded in single quotation marks. Vice-versa is also possible. The last method, m4, declares an asterisk as argument. This means that the state machine uses the args and kwargs of the incoming event and offers them to the method.
The actions can also directly refer to the state machine actions stmpy.Machine.start_timer
and stmpy.Machine.stop_timer
. A transition can for instance declare the following effects:
='start_timer("t1", 100); stop_timer("t2");' effect
Internal Transitions
States can declare internal transitions. These are transitions that have the same source and target state, similar to self-transitions. However, they don’t ever leave the state, so that any entry or exit actions declared in the state are not executed. An internal transition is declared as part of the extended state definition. It simply lists the name of the trigger (here a
) as key and the list of actions it executes as value.
= {'name': 's0',
s_0 'a': 'action1(); action2()'}
Decisions with Compound Transitions
Compound transitions can contain decisions, so that the target state of the transition can depend on data computed during the execution of the transition. To define compound transitions, declare a method that executes the transition.
def transition_1(args, kwargs):
...if ... :
return 's1'
else:
return 's2'
The transition is defined in the following way:
= {'source': 's0', trigger: 't', function: transition_1, 'targets': 's1 s2' } t_3
This is similar to a simple transition, as it declares source state and trigger. It does not declare a target state or effects, however. Instead, it refers to a function that executes the transition, and returns the target state. The optional key targets
list all potential states so the state machine graph can be generated from the information, even without parsing the function.


Since the last update more than 3 years ago, there have been a lot of new features added and improvements made to make development more sustainable.
As of today, there are 961 automated tests.
Test CoverageThere was previously no tests because this was "just a personal project". However, as the amount of code grew, it became obvious that automated testing was required for progress to be made. Tst coverage has been increased from 0% -> 35.5%. Which is still not ideal coverage, but better than nothing.
Test Driven Development EmployedIn order to further improve the test coverage, Test-Drivern Development is continuosly being.
CI/CD PipelinesTo ensure the tests are passing, CI/CD pipelines were created.
Both players and NPCs can pick up items and throw them. Players get a preview of the trajectory of their items.
to make gameplay more fun to the player. At the moment, it's pretty basic and is just used to make it harder for the player to reach the end of the level.
Hierarchical State MachinesAI was added which uses Hierarchical State Machines to make their behvavior predictable.


- makeInvisible() - Method in class question1.Circle
-
Make this circle invisible.
- makeInvisible() - Method in class question1.Square
-
Make this square invisible.
- makeInvisible() - Method in class question1.Triangle
-
Make this triangle invisible.
- makeVisible() - Method in class question1.Circle
-
Make this circle visible.
- makeVisible() - Method in class question1.Square
-
Make this square visible.
- makeVisible() - Method in class question1.Triangle
-
Make this triangle visible.
- matricule() - Method in class question3.AuditeurCNAM
-
Lecture du matricule de l'auditeur.
- moveDown() - Method in class question1.Circle
-
Move the circle a few pixels down.
- moveDown() - Method in class question1.Square
-
Move the square a few pixels down.
- moveDown() - Method in class question1.Triangle
-
Move the triangle a few pixels down.
- moveHorizontal(int) - Method in class question1.Circle
-
Move the circle horizontally by 'distance' pixels.
- moveHorizontal(int) - Method in class question1.Square
-
Move the square horizontally by 'distance' pixels.
- moveHorizontal(int) - Method in class question1.Triangle
-
Move the triangle horizontally by 'distance' pixels.
- moveLeft() - Method in class question1.Circle
-
Move the circle a few pixels to the left.
- moveLeft() - Method in class question1.Square
-
Move the square a few pixels to the left.
- moveLeft() - Method in class question1.Triangle
-
Move the triangle a few pixels to the left.
- moveRight() - Method in class question1.Circle
-
Move the circle a few pixels to the right.
- moveRight() - Method in class question1.Square
-
Move the square a few pixels to the right.
- moveRight() - Method in class question1.Triangle
-
Move the triangle a few pixels to the right.
- moveUp() - Method in class question1.Circle
-
Move the circle a few pixels up.
- moveUp() - Method in class question1.Square
-
Move the square a few pixels up.
- moveUp() - Method in class question1.Triangle
-
Move the triangle a few pixels up.
- moveVertical(int) - Method in class question1.Circle
-
Move the circle vertically by 'distance' pixels.
- moveVertical(int) - Method in class question1.Square
-
Move the square vertically by 'distance' pixels.
- moveVertical(int) - Method in class question1.Triangle
-
Move the triangle vertically by 'distance' pixels.
- setBlackAndWhite() - Method in class question2.Picture
-
Change this picture to black/white display
- setColor() - Method in class question2.Picture
-
Change this picture to use color display
- setForegroundColor(String) - Method in class question1.Canvas
-
Set the foreground colour of the Canvas.
- setUp() - Method in class question3.AuditeurCNAMTest
-
Met en place les engagements.
- setVisible(boolean) - Method in class question1.Canvas
-
Set the canvas visibility and brings canvas to the front of screen when
made visible.
- slowMoveHorizontal(int) - Method in class question1.Circle
-
Slowly move the circle horizontally by 'distance' pixels.
- slowMoveHorizontal(int) - Method in class question1.Square
-
Slowly move the square horizontally by 'distance' pixels.
- slowMoveHorizontal(int) - Method in class question1.Triangle
-
Slowly move the triangle horizontally by 'distance' pixels.
- slowMoveVertical(int) - Method in class question1.Circle
-
Slowly move the circle vertically by 'distance' pixels.
- slowMoveVertical(int) - Method in class question1.Square
-
Slowly move the square vertically by 'distance' pixels.
- slowMoveVertical(int) - Method in class question1.Triangle
-
Slowly move the triangle vertically by 'distance' pixels.
- Square - Class in question1
-
A square that can be manipulated and that draws itself on a canvas.
- Square() - Constructor for class question1.Square
-
Create a new square at default position with default color.


Swe-SE-SCI scholars: Click on a header to sort by the corresponding column.
|
Scholar |
Affiliation |
#Publ. |
SCI ratio |
1st ratio |
SSS contrib. |
SSS rating |
Apparent research interests |
Signature SSS works |
|
Claes Wohlin |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
174 |
0.39 |
0.32 |
24.96 |
63.25 |
empirical, project, success, reliability, analysis, methods, factors, journals, systematic, subjective |
2015: Towards a decision-making structure for selecting a research design in empirical software engineering. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2015: A general theory of software engineering: Balancing human, social and organizational capitals. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2013: Systematic literature reviews in software engineering. (Information & Software Technology)
2013: On the reliability of mapping studies in software engineering. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2011: Taking novelty to a new level. (Information & Software Technology)
2009: An analysis of the most cited articles in software engineering journals - 2002. (Information & Software Technology)
2008: An analysis of the most cited articles in software engineering journals - 2001. (Information & Software Technology)
2007: Most cited journal articles in software engineering. (Information & Software Technology)
2007: An analysis of the most cited articles in software engineering journals - 2000. (Information & Software Technology)
2005: Most cited journal articles in software engineering. (Information & Software Technology)
2005: An analysis of the most cited articles in software engineering journals - 1999. (Information & Software Technology)
2004: Are Individual Differences in Software Development Performance Possible to Capture Using a Quantitative Survey?. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2003: Prioritizing and Assessing Software Project Success Factors and Project Characteristics using Subjective Data. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2001: Assessing Project Success Using Subjective Evaluation Factors. (Software Quality Journal)
2000: Subjective evaluation as a tool for learning from software project success. (Information & Software Technology)
1999: Strategies for industrial relevance in software engineering education. (Journal of Systems and Software)
1995: Soft factors and their impact on time to market. (Software Quality Journal)
1995: An Experimental Evaluation of Capture-Recapture in Software Inspections. (Softw. Test., Verif. Reliab.)
1994: Certification of Software Components. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
|
|
Jan Bosch |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
328 |
0.13 |
0.31 |
12.55 |
52.87 |
product, architecture, lines, ecosystems, object, families, variability, development, systems, data |
2018: Ecosystem traps and where to find them. (Journal of Software: Evolution and Process)
2012: Software ecosystems: Taking software development beyond the boundaries of the organization. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2011: Introducing agile customer-centered development in a legacy software product line. (Softw., Pract. Exper.)
2010: From integration to composition: On the impact of software product lines, global development and ecosystems. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2003: Software architecture - Engineering quality attributes. (Journal of Systems and Software)
1999: Superimposition: a component adaptation technique. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Per Runeson |
Lund University |
141 |
0.29 |
0.21 |
8.7 |
36.28 |
testing, test, academia, unit, open, industry, collaboration, inspection, detection, product |
2014: Variation factors in the design and analysis of replicated controlled experiments - Three (dis)similar studies on inspections versus unit testing. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2009: Guidelines for conducting and reporting case study research in software engineering. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2003: Test processes in software product evolution - a qualitative survey on the state of practice. (Journal of Software Maintenance)
1998: An Experimental Evaluation of an Experience-Based Capture-Recapture Method in Software Code Inspections. (Empirical Software Engineering)
|
|
Emilia Mendes |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
171 |
0.17 |
0.4 |
11.52 |
35.96 |
web, effort, estimation, company, applications, cost, hypermedia, value, development, improve |
2018: Towards improving decision making and estimating the value of decisions in value-based software engineering: the VALUE framework. (Software Quality Journal)
2018: Correction to: Towards improving decision making and estimating the value of decisions in value-based software engineering: the VALUE framework. (Software Quality Journal)
2008: Replicating studies on cross- vs single-company effort models using the ISBSG Database. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2008: Cross-company vs. single-company web effort models using the Tukutuku database: An extended study. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2008: Bayesian Network Models for Web Effort Prediction: A Comparative Study. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
2005: Investigating Web size metrics for early Web cost estimation. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2003: A Comparative Study of Cost Estimation Models for Web Hypermedia Applications. (Empirical Software Engineering)
1998: Reusability and maintainability in hypermedia applications for education. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Tony Gorschek |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
110 |
0.47 |
0.13 |
11.18 |
27.62 |
requirements, empirical, model, process, product, management, abstraction, development, transfer, practice |
2014: On the use of software design models in software development practice: An empirical investigation. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2012: Introduction of a process maturity model for market-driven product management and requirements engineering. (Journal of Software Maintenance)
2008: Requirements engineering: In search of the dependent variables. (Information & Software Technology)
2007: A controlled empirical evaluation of a requirements abstraction model. (Information & Software Technology)
2006: Requirements Abstraction Model. (Requir. Eng.)
2004: Packaging software process improvement issues: a method and a case study. (Softw., Pract. Exper.)
|
|
Robert Feldt |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
118 |
0.31 |
0.14 |
5.32 |
26.04 |
test, search, diverse, programming, genetic, diversity, generating, empirical, testing, versions |
2010: Links between the personalities, views and attitudes of software engineers. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Benoit Baudry |
KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
185 |
0.14 |
0.12 |
5.99 |
24.54 |
test, model, testability, design, automatic, testing, validation, genetic, optimization, bacteriological |
2005: Measuring design testability of a UML class diagram. (Information & Software Technology)
2005: From genetic to bacteriological algorithms for mutation-based testing. (Softw. Test., Verif. Reliab.)
|
|
Björn Regnell |
Lund University |
88 |
0.33 |
0.18 |
6.19 |
22.73 |
requirements, quality, model, product, testing, large, mobile, scenario, org, reqt |
2001: An Industrial Case Study on Distributed Prioritisation in Market-Driven Requirements Engineering for Packaged Software. (Requir. Eng.)
2000: Are the Perspectives Really Different? - Further Experimentation on Scenario-Based Reading of Requirements. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2000: Towards integration of use case modelling and usage-based testing. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Krzysztof Wnuk |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
89 |
0.21 |
0.31 |
7.1 |
20.94 |
requirements, management, decision, large, scoping, open, scale, industrial, innovation, development |
2016: Supporting Scope Tracking and Visualization for Very Large-Scale Requirements Engineering-Utilizing FSC+, Decision Patterns, and Atomic Decision Visualizations. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
2015: Exploring factors affecting decision outcome and lead time in large-scale requirements engineering. (Journal of Software: Evolution and Process)
2014: Bridges and barriers to hardware-dependent software ecosystem participation - A case study. (Information & Software Technology)
2013: Obsolete software requirements. (Information & Software Technology)
2012: Replication of an experiment on linguistic tool support for consolidation of requirements from multiple sources. (Empirical Software Engineering)
|
|
Michael Felderer |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
161 |
0.1 |
0.31 |
7.55 |
20.8 |
testing, risk, security, test, industrial, defect, system, requirements, systems, taxonomies |
2019: Comprehensibility of system models during test design: a controlled experiment comparing UML activity diagrams and state machines. (Software Quality Journal)
2016: Risk orientation in software testing processes of small and medium enterprises: an exploratory and comparative study. (Software Quality Journal)
2016: Model-based security testing: a taxonomy and systematic classification. (Softw. Test., Verif. Reliab.)
2015: Manual test case derivation from UML activity diagrams and state machines: A controlled experiment. (Information & Software Technology)
2014: Integrating risk-based testing in industrial test processes. (Software Quality Journal)
|
|
Martin Monperrus |
KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
85 |
0.24 |
0.19 |
5.35 |
18.75 |
model, measurement, automatic, repair, system, automated, les, surveillance, missing, mod |
2013: Automated measurement of models of requirements. (Software Quality Journal)
2013: Detecting missing method calls as violations of the majority rule. (ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol.)
2012: What should developers be aware of? An empirical study on the directives of API documentation. (Empirical Software Engineering)
|
|
Miroslaw Staron |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
121 |
0.12 |
0.37 |
9.76 |
18.74 |
industrial, measurement, development, systems, large, projects, defect, measures, model, method |
2018: Industrial experiences from evolving measurement systems into self-healing systems for improved availability. (Softw., Pract. Exper.)
2016: MeSRAM - A method for assessing robustness of measurement programs in large software development organizations and its industrial evaluation. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2012: Critical role of measures in decision processes: Managerial and technical measures in the context of large software development organizations. (Information & Software Technology)
2011: Developing measurement systems: an industrial case study. (Journal of Software Maintenance)
2010: A method for forecasting defect backlog in large streamline software development projects and its industrial evaluation. (Information & Software Technology)
2009: A framework for developing measurement systems and its industrial evaluation. (Information & Software Technology)
2008: Predicting weekly defect inflow in large software projects based on project planning and test status. (Information & Software Technology)
2006: Empirical assessment of using stereotypes to improve comprehension of UML models: A set of experiments. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Martin Höst |
Lund University |
93 |
0.18 |
0.22 |
6.96 |
17.82 |
product, source, development, processes, management, open, commercial, project, methods, effort |
2011: A systematic review of research on open source software in commercial software product development. (Information & Software Technology)
2001: Exploring bottlenecks in market-driven requirements management processes with discrete event simulation. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2000: Using Students as Subjects-A Comparative Study of Students and Professionals in Lead-Time Impact Assessment. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2000: Evaluation of code review methods through interviews and experimentation. (Journal of Systems and Software)
1997: A subjective effort estimation experiment. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Jürgen Börstler |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
74 |
0.2 |
0.38 |
4.79 |
17.57 |
teaching, role, object, play, learning, tools, programmieren, pedagogies, projects, quality |
2016: Beauty and the Beast: on the readability of object-oriented example programs. (Software Quality Journal)
2016: The Role of Method Chains and Comments in Software Readability and Comprehension - An Experiment. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
1995: Integrated software reuse: Management and techniques : Paul Walton and Neil Maiden (eds) Ashgate Publishing, Hants, UK (1993) 178 pp 49.50 hardcover ISBN 1 85742 146 9. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Mikael Svahnberg |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
32 |
0.5 |
0.59 |
10.76 |
16.86 |
quality, architecture, architectures, product, requirements, attributes, method, lines, repm, uni |
2017: A model for assessing and re-assessing the value of software reuse. (Journal of Software: Evolution and Process)
2015: Uni-REPM: a framework for requirements engineering process assessment. (Requir. Eng.)
2013: Uni-REPM: validated and improved. (Requir. Eng.)
2010: A systematic review on strategic release planning models. (Information & Software Technology)
2007: Six years of evaluating software architectures in student projects. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2005: An Investigation of a Method for Identifying a Software Architecture Candidate with Respect to Quality Attributes. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2005: A taxonomy of variability realization techniques. (Softw., Pract. Exper.)
2004: An industrial study on building consensus around software architectures and quality attributes. (Information & Software Technology)
2003: A Quality-Driven Decision-Support Method for Identifying Software Architecture Candidates. (International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering)
1999: Evolution in software product lines: two cases. (Journal of Software Maintenance)
|
|
Ivica Crnkovic |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
144 |
0.09 |
0.28 |
5.31 |
16.75 |
component, systems, development, process, scm, embedded, components, management, predictability, model |
2011: A Classification Framework for Software Component Models. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
2005: Automated Component-Based Software Engineering. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2002: Challenges of component-based development. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Daniel Méndez Fernández |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
74 |
0.19 |
0.31 |
7.4 |
16.14 |
requirements, artefact, naming, pain, results, practice, germany, artefacts, design, first |
2019: The open science initiative of the Empirical Software Engineering journal. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2019: Empirical software engineering: From discipline to interdiscipline. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2017: Naming the pain in requirements engineering - Contemporary problems, causes, and effects in practice. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2015: Naming the pain in requirements engineering: A design for a global family of surveys and first results from Germany. (Information & Software Technology)
2015: Artefact-based requirements engineering: the AMDiRE approach. (Requir. Eng.)
2012: Field study on requirements engineering: Investigation of artefacts, project parameters, and execution strategies. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Raffaela Mirandola |
Mälardalen University |
155 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
3.8 |
15.5 |
service, adaptation, qos, self, reliability, systems, performance, architectures, distributed, space |
2014: A reliability model for Service Component Architectures. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Darja Smite |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
67 |
0.18 |
0.48 |
6.25 |
15.23 |
global, development, lessons, learned, offshoring, cost, empirical, coordination, evidence, project |
2017: Software teams and their knowledge networks in large-scale software development. (Information & Software Technology)
2014: An empirically based terminology and taxonomy for global software engineering. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2013: Offshore insourcing in software development: Structuring the decision-making process. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2012: Lessons learned from transferring software products to India. (Journal of Software: Evolution and Process)
2010: Empirical evidence in global software engineering: a systematic review. (Empirical Software Engineering)
|
|
Efi Papatheocharous |
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB |
51 |
0.2 |
0.51 |
5.01 |
12.79 |
cost, estimation, decision, artificial, development, neural, networks, fuzzy, cognitive, agile |
2018: The GRADE taxonomy for supporting decision-making of asset selection in software-intensive system development. (Information & Software Technology)
2017: An investigation of effort distribution among development phases: A four-stage progressive software cost estimation model. (Journal of Software: Evolution and Process)
2014: Empirical evidence and state of practice of software agile teams. (Journal of Software: Evolution and Process)
2012: A Hybrid Software Cost Estimation Approach Utilizing Decision Trees and Fuzzy Logic. (International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering)
|
|
Richard Torkar |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
61 |
0.36 |
0.1 |
3.49 |
11.76 |
testing, reuse, creation, open, patterns, adopting, reliability, industrial, object, test |
2012: Requirements Traceability: a Systematic Review and Industry Case Study. (International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering)
|
|
Patrizio Pelliccione |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
125 |
0.12 |
0.06 |
4.4 |
11.25 |
architectural, framework, systems, specifications, cars, designing, automatic, system, message, automotive |
2009: CHARMY: A Framework for Designing and Verifying Architectural Specifications. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
2008: An architectural approach to the correct and automatic assembly of evolving component-based systems. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Markus Borg |
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB |
55 |
0.16 |
0.44 |
4.96 |
11.17 |
traceability, analysis, impact, reports, context, issue, bug, information, recovery, time |
2019: Selecting component sourcing options: A survey of software engineering's broader make-or-buy decisions. (Information & Software Technology)
2017: Supporting Change Impact Analysis Using a Recommendation System: An Industrial Case Study in a Safety-Critical Context. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
2016: TuneR: a framework for tuning software engineering tools with hands-on instructions in R. (Journal of Software: Evolution and Process)
2014: Recovering from a decade: a systematic mapping of information retrieval approaches to software traceability. (Empirical Software Engineering)
|
|
Eric Knauss |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
93 |
0.09 |
0.33 |
3.45 |
11.05 |
requirements, von, continuous, supporting, agile, quality, clarification, system, ecosystems, feedback |
2018: Continuous clarification and emergent requirements flows in open-commercial software ecosystems. (Requir. Eng.)
2015: Patterns of continuous requirements clarification. (Requir. Eng.)
|
|
Gregory Gay |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
30 |
0.3 |
0.67 |
6.51 |
11.03 |
test, generation, real, coverage, search, model, faults, program, automated, steering |
2017: Automated Steering of Model-Based Test Oracles to Admit Real Program Behaviors. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
2016: The Effect of Program and Model Structure on the Effectiveness of MC/DC Test Adequacy Coverage. (ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol.)
2015: The Risks of Coverage-Directed Test Case Generation. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
2015: Automated Oracle Data Selection Support. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
2010: Finding robust solutions in requirements models. (Autom. Softw. Eng.)
2010: Automatically finding the control variables for complex system behavior. (Autom. Softw. Eng.)
|
|
Richard Berntsson-Svensson |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
43 |
0.21 |
0.44 |
4.84 |
10.94 |
requirements, quality, quper, practice, industrial, companies, creativity, model, techniques, creative |
2017: Is role playing in Requirements Engineering Education increasing learning outcome? (Requir. Eng.)
2013: An investigation of how quality requirements are specified in industrial practice. (Information & Software Technology)
2012: Setting quality targets for coming releases with QUPER: an industrial case study. (Requir. Eng.)
2012: Quality Requirements in Industrial Practice - An Extended Interview Study at Eleven Companies. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
|
|
Wasif Afzal |
Mälardalen University |
56 |
0.18 |
0.23 |
5.96 |
10.87 |
systematic, runtime, fault, testing, faults, megam, validation, systems, prediction, framework |
2016: Software test process improvement approaches: A systematic literature review and an industrial case study. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2015: An experiment on the effectiveness and efficiency of exploratory testing. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2014: Prediction of faults-slip-through in large software projects: an empirical evaluation. (Software Quality Journal)
2012: Resampling Methods in Software Quality Classification. (International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering)
2009: A systematic review of search-based testing for non-functional system properties. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Emelie Engström |
Lund University |
31 |
0.32 |
0.39 |
4.81 |
10.55 |
test, testing, regression, selection, line, product, systematic, taxonomy, empirical, industrial |
2017: SERP-test: a taxonomy for supporting industry-academia communication. (Software Quality Journal)
2013: Test overlay in an emerging software product line - An industrial case study. (Information & Software Technology)
2011: Software product line testing - A systematic mapping study. (Information & Software Technology)
2010: A systematic review on regression test selection techniques. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Michael Unterkalmsteiner |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
32 |
0.34 |
0.28 |
5.81 |
10.15 |
requirements, test, alignment, improvement, process, large, systematic, five, assessing, taxonomy |
2016: Large-scale information retrieval in software engineering - an experience report from industrial application. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2015: Assessing requirements engineering and software test alignment - Five case studies. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2014: A conceptual framework for SPI evaluation. (Journal of Software: Evolution and Process)
2014: A taxonomy for requirements engineering and software test alignment. (ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol.)
2012: Evaluation and Measurement of Software Process Improvement - A Systematic Literature Review. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
|
|
Nauman Bin Ali |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
21 |
0.48 |
0.48 |
6.51 |
10.08 |
systematic, process, literature, industrial, simulation, search, value, reviews, mapping, development |
2019: On the search for industry-relevant regression testing research. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2019: A critical appraisal tool for systematic literature reviews in software engineering. (Information & Software Technology)
2018: Reliability of search in systematic reviews: Towards a quality assessment framework for the automated-search strategy. (Information & Software Technology)
2016: FLOW-assisted value stream mapping in the early phases of large-scale software development. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2015: Evaluation of simulation-assisted value stream mapping for software product development: Two industrial cases. (Information & Software Technology)
2014: A systematic literature review on the industrial use of software process simulation. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Elizabeth Bjarnason |
Lund University |
30 |
0.23 |
0.7 |
6.33 |
8.89 |
requirements, development, distances, evidence, communication, gaps, practices, timelines, large, test |
2019: Improving requirements-test alignment by prescribing practices that mitigate communication gaps. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2017: The role of distances in requirements communication: a case study. (Requir. Eng.)
2016: A theory of distances in software engineering. (Information & Software Technology)
2016: A multi-case study of agile requirements engineering and the use of test cases as requirements. (Information & Software Technology)
2014: Challenges and practices in aligning requirements with verification and validation: a case study of six companies. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2012: Are you biting off more than you can chew? A case study on causes and effects of overscoping in large-scale software engineering. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Björn Lundell |
Skövde University |
70 |
0.09 |
0.31 |
3.04 |
8.25 |
open, source, swedish, method, tool, standards, perceptions, systems, openness, companies |
2011: Practitioner perceptions of Open Source software in the embedded systems area. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2004: Changing perceptions of CASE technology. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Regina Hebig |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
54 |
0.11 |
0.35 |
2.88 |
7.7 |
model, development, evolution, mde, processes, languages, setting, qvt, models, changeability |
2017: The changing balance of technology and process: A case study on a combined setting of model-driven development and classical C coding. (Journal of Software: Evolution and Process)
2017: Approaches to Co-Evolution of Metamodels and Models: A Survey. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
|
|
Philipp Leitner |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
113 |
0.05 |
0.23 |
2.57 |
7.64 |
service, services, cloud, level, violations, web, performance, practice, testing, compositions |
2019: A mixed-method empirical study of Function-as-a-Service software development in industrial practice. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Fabian Fagerholm |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
40 |
0.15 |
0.4 |
3.64 |
7.58 |
agile, education, projects, patterns, source, open, developers, onboarding, continuous, experience |
2018: Designing and implementing an environment for software start-up education: Patterns and anti-patterns. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2017: The RIGHT model for Continuous Experimentation. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2015: Performance Alignment Work: How software developers experience the continuous adaptation of team performance in Lean and Agile environments. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Jennifer Horkoff |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
90 |
0.06 |
0.4 |
4.95 |
7.53 |
goal, modeling, requirements, analysis, interactive, models, systematic, model, creative, enterprise |
2019: Creative goal modeling for innovative requirements. (Information & Software Technology)
2019: Goal-oriented requirements engineering: an extended systematic mapping study. (Requir. Eng.)
2016: Interactive goal model analysis for early requirements engineering. (Requir. Eng.)
2013: Comparison and evaluation of goal-oriented satisfaction analysis techniques. (Requir. Eng.)
|
|
Davide Fucci |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
37 |
0.16 |
0.38 |
3.61 |
7.34 |
test, development, replication, effects, process, skills, external, first, conformance, initial |
2017: A Dissection of the Test-Driven Development Process: Does It Really Matter to Test-First or to Test-Last? (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
2015: Towards an operationalization of test-driven development skills: An industrial empirical study. (Information & Software Technology)
2014: On the role of tests in test-driven development: a differentiated and partial replication. (Empirical Software Engineering)
|
|
Pontus Johnson |
KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
90 |
0.06 |
0.26 |
2.25 |
7.26 |
analysis, architecture, modeling, theory, probabilistic, enterprise, general, business, diagrams, extended |
2016: The Tarpit - A general theory of software engineering. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Welf Löwe |
Linneaus Univerity |
111 |
0.05 |
0.16 |
2.55 |
7.2 |
logp, programs, graphs, scheduling, optimization, task, machines, machine, communication, pram |
2005: Rapid Construction of Software Comprehension Tools. (International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering)
|
|
Panagiota Chatzipetrou |
Örebro University |
17 |
0.35 |
0.59 |
2.51 |
6.88 |
analysis, framework, statistical, data, requirements, effort, goals, phase, compositional, quality |
2015: A multivariate statistical framework for the analysis of software effort phase distribution. (Information & Software Technology)
2015: An experience-based framework for evaluating alignment of software quality goals. (Software Quality Journal)
|
|
Riccardo Scandariato |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
64 |
0.09 |
0.17 |
2.98 |
6.83 |
security, design, text, system, microsoft, automate, least, threat, modeling, lmap |
2015: A descriptive study of Microsoft's threat modeling technique. (Requir. Eng.)
2014: Predicting Vulnerable Software Components via Text Mining. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
|
|
Jakob Axelsson |
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB |
60 |
0.08 |
0.57 |
2.85 |
6.73 |
systems, system, time, real, embedded, analysis, automotive, architecting, hardware, systematic |
2016: Quality assurance in software ecosystems: A systematic literature mapping and research agenda. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2014: Characteristics of software ecosystems for Federated Embedded Systems: A case study. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Birgit Penzenstadler |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
95 |
0.05 |
0.43 |
2.3 |
6.73 |
sustainability, requirements, systems, model, domain, green, systematic, system, automotive, design |
2018: Sustainability analysis and ease of learning in artifact-based requirements engineering: The newest member of the family of studies (It's a girl!). (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Thorsten Berger |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
71 |
0.07 |
0.23 |
2.96 |
6.47 |
variability, modeling, feature, systems, management, models, und, lines, projectional, von |
2014: Variability mechanisms in software ecosystems. (Information & Software Technology)
2013: A Study of Variability Models and Languages in the Systems Software Domain. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
|
|
Peter Fritzson |
Linköping University |
116 |
0.04 |
0.2 |
3.41 |
6.33 |
object, modeling, language, modelica, debugging, environment, equation, incremental, physical, tools |
1994: Using assertions in declarative and operational models for automated debugging. (Journal of Systems and Software)
1983: Symbolic debugging through incremental compilation in an integrated environment. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Emil Alégroth |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
26 |
0.19 |
0.54 |
3.41 |
6.3 |
testing, gui, visual, industrial, empirical, test, practice, technical, system, testware |
2017: On the long-term use of visual gui testing in industrial practice: a case study. (Empirical Software Engineering)
2016: Maintenance of automated test suites in industry: An empirical study on Visual GUI Testing. (Information & Software Technology)
2015: Visual GUI testing in practice: challenges, problemsand limitations. (Empirical Software Engineering)
|
|
Federico Ciccozzi |
Mälardalen University |
64 |
0.06 |
0.45 |
3.7 |
5.4 |
systems, model, uml, embedded, models, code, modelling, execution, generation, round |
2018: Architecture optimization: speed or accuracy? both! (Software Quality Journal)
2016: Explicit connection patterns (ECP) profile and semantics for modelling and generating explicit connections in complex UML composite structures. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2013: Round-trip support for extra-functional property management in model-driven engineering of embedded systems. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Helena Holmström Olsson |
Malmö University |
92 |
0.04 |
0.33 |
2.18 |
5.2 |
ecosystem, data, mind, make, management, much, cost, model, empowerment, layer |
2017: From ad hoc to strategic ecosystem management: the "Three-Layer Ecosystem Strategy Model" (TeLESM). (Journal of Software: Evolution and Process)
|
|
Robert Lagerström |
KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
73 |
0.05 |
0.27 |
4.69 |
5.01 |
architecture, enterprise, systems, analysis, modifiability, cost, metamodel, management, probabilistic, visualizing |
2013: Increasing software development efficiency and maintainability for complex industrial systems - A case study. (Journal of Software: Evolution and Process)
2012: Identifying factors affecting software development cost and productivity. (Software Quality Journal)
2010: Architecture analysis of enterprise systems modifiability - Models, analysis, and validation. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2010: Architecture analysis of enterprise systems modifiability: a metamodel for software change cost estimation. (Software Quality Journal)
|
|
Hannes Holm |
KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
39 |
0.08 |
0.54 |
1.56 |
4.36 |
attacks, vulnerability, expert, system, empirical, application, investigation, security, web, scanning |
2015: A Bayesian network model for likelihood estimations of acquirement of critical software vulnerabilities and exploits. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Thomas Olsson |
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB |
39 |
0.08 |
0.33 |
1.56 |
4.17 |
reconfigurable, time, making, requirements, quality, companies, language, decision, gqm, validation |
2019: An empirical study on decision making for quality requirements. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Mariam Kamkar |
Linköping University |
26 |
0.12 |
0.42 |
2.33 |
4.09 |
slicing, dynamic, interprocedural, program, debugging, programs, algorithmic, testing, applied, front |
1998: Application of program slicing in algorithmic debugging. (Information & Software Technology)
1995: An overview and comparative classification of program slicing techniques. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Ludwik Kuzniarz |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
27 |
0.11 |
0.56 |
1.44 |
4.06 |
uml, models, model, multimedia, development, teaching, ontologies, modeling, stereotypes, object |
2011: Empirical extension of a classification framework for addressing consistency in model based development. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Francis Palma |
Linneaus Univerity |
20 |
0.15 |
0.7 |
1.37 |
4.06 |
detection, antipatterns, specification, patterns, soa, process, linguistic, prioritization, restful, test |
2019: UniDoSA: The Unified Specification and Detection of Service Antipatterns. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
|
|
Imed Hammouda |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
71 |
0.04 |
0.32 |
2.78 |
4.01 |
open, source, patterns, concern, design, pattern, development, uml, sustainable, systems |
2011: Managing Concern Knowledge in Software Systems. (International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering)
2009: Design profiles: toward unified tool support for design patterns and UML profiles. (Softw., Pract. Exper.)
|
|
Jonas Lundberg |
Linneaus Univerity |
57 |
0.05 |
0.28 |
1.74 |
3.92 |
analysis, resilience, design, points, response, designing, management, precise, traffic, cognitive |
2009: Fast and precise points-to analysis. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Gul Calikli |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
25 |
0.12 |
0.4 |
1.42 |
3.91 |
confirmation, bias, effects, analysis, levels, aspects, affecting, modeling, company, human |
2015: Empirical analysis of factors affecting confirmation bias levels of software engineers. (Software Quality Journal)
|
|
Ulrik Franke |
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB |
68 |
0.04 |
0.38 |
1.85 |
3.88 |
enterprise, architecture, insurance, analysis, cyber, service, availability, framework, models, bayesian |
2012: Availability of enterprise IT systems: an expert-based Bayesian framework. (Software Quality Journal)
|
|
Kenneth Lind |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
12 |
0.25 |
0.75 |
1.29 |
3.86 |
size, estimation, components, embedded, real, automated, time, code, compsize, model |
2012: A Practical Approach to Size Estimation of Embedded Software Components. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
|
|
Deepika Badampudi |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
11 |
0.27 |
0.82 |
2.18 |
3.83 |
systematic, translation, knowledge, making, literature, decision, considerations, selection, perspectives, asset |
2018: A decision-making process-line for selection of software asset origins and components. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2016: Software component decision-making: In-house, OSS, COTS or outsourcing - A systematic literature review. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Birgitta Lindström |
Skövde University |
19 |
0.16 |
0.42 |
2.26 |
3.83 |
mutants, mutation, time, subsuming, test, systems, aspect, testability, strong, models |
2019: On strong mutation and the theory of subsuming logic-based mutants. (Softw. Test., Verif. Reliab.)
2017: Using mutation to design tests for aspect-oriented models. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Jan-Philipp Steghöfer |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
68 |
0.04 |
0.28 |
1.85 |
3.81 |
systems, self, open, agile, organising, scrum, die, computing, organic, management |
2017: No silver brick: Opportunities and limitations of teaching Scrum with Lego workshops. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Javier Gonzalez-Huerta |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
34 |
0.09 |
0.18 |
1.51 |
3.67 |
architecture, derivation, product, validating, models, multimodel, model, improvement, automatic, opportunities |
2015: Validating a model-driven software architecture evaluation and improvement method: A family of experiments. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Ana Magazinius |
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB |
8 |
0.38 |
0.75 |
2.15 |
3.64 |
cost, estimation, feature, investigating, distortions, bounty, intentional, organizational, effort, behaviors |
2012: Investigating intentional distortions in software cost estimation - An exploratory study. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2010: Software cost estimation inhibitors - a case study in automotive context. (Journal of Software Maintenance)
|
|
Kristian Sandahl |
Linköping University |
28 |
0.21 |
0.07 |
1.72 |
3.53 |
knowledge, inspections, expert, requirements, extended, methods, systems, participation, active, replication |
1998: An Extended Replication of an Experiment for Assessing Methods for Software Requirements Inspections. (Empirical Software Engineering)
|
|
Patrik Berander |
Malmö University |
7 |
0.43 |
0.71 |
2.14 |
3.47 |
requirements, prioritization, hierarchical, hierarchies, voting, cumulative, ways, process, efficient, hcv |
2009: Evaluating two ways of calculating priorities in requirements hierarchies - An experiment on hierarchical cumulative voting. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2006: Hierarchical Cumulative Voting (hcv) - Prioritization of Requirements in Hierarchies. (International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering)
|
|
Pasqualina Potena |
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB |
32 |
0.09 |
0.16 |
1.49 |
3.37 |
tradeoff, optimization, directions, attributes, composition, service, architecture, systems, functional, quality |
2013: Optimization of adaptation plans for a service-oriented architecture with cost, reliability, availability and performance tradeoff. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Görel Hedin |
Lund University |
76 |
0.03 |
0.26 |
1.84 |
3.23 |
attribute, grammars, programming, object, jastadd, preface, extreme, system, incremental, door |
2005: Teaching extreme programming to large groups of students. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Narges Khakpour |
Linneaus Univerity |
19 |
0.11 |
0.79 |
1.27 |
2.93 |
systems, self, adaptive, formal, behavioral, modeling, policy, security, structural, policies |
2012: HPobSAM for modeling and analyzing IT Ecosystems - Through a case study. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Niklas Lavesson |
Jönköping University |
52 |
0.04 |
0.25 |
1.6 |
2.89 |
learning, license, user, end, agreements, spyware, distance, social, methods, machine |
2014: A method for evaluation of learning components. (Autom. Softw. Eng.)
|
|
Jonas Gamalielsson |
Skövde University |
31 |
0.06 |
0.52 |
2.29 |
2.64 |
open, source, standards, biological, editorship, alignment, digital, ontology, w3c, gene |
2015: On organisational influences in software standards and their open source implementations. (Information & Software Technology)
2014: Sustainability of Open Source software communities beyond a fork: How and why has the LibreOffice project evolved? (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Christin Lindholm |
Lund University |
8 |
0.25 |
0.75 |
2.06 |
2.57 |
risk, development, device, analysis, medical, process, management, involving, usability, planning |
2015: Involving user perspective in a software risk management process. (Journal of Software: Evolution and Process)
2014: A case study on software risk analysis and planning in medical device development. (Software Quality Journal)
|
|
Michael Mattsson |
Blekinge Institute of Technology |
13 |
0.15 |
0.54 |
1.21 |
2.57 |
framework, industrial, causes, stability, frameworks, application, experience, paper, evolving, solutions |
2000: Stability assessment of evolving industrial object-oriented frameworks. (Journal of Software Maintenance)
|
|
Francisco Gomes de Oliveira Neto |
Chalmers / Gothenburg University |
11 |
0.18 |
0.55 |
2.09 |
2.55 |
test, empirical, testing, support, state, automatic, system, automotive, full, reproducibility |
2019: Evolution of statistical analysis in empirical software engineering research: Current state and steps forward. (Journal of Systems and Software)
2016: Full modification coverage through automatic similarity-based test case selection. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Jelena Zdravkovic |
Stockholm University |
86 |
0.02 |
0.28 |
1.94 |
2.49 |
business, capability, requirements, modeling, service, processes, organizations, services, frameworks, process |
2015: Capturing consumer preferences as requirements for software product lines. (Requir. Eng.)
|
|
Cyrille Artho |
KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
84 |
0.02 |
0.55 |
1.92 |
2.48 |
model, checking, testing, analysis, networked, test, java, static, systems, efficient |
2003: High-level data races. (Softw. Test., Verif. Reliab.)
|
|
Saad Mubeen |
Mälardalen University |
63 |
0.02 |
0.63 |
1.62 |
1.86 |
analysis, time, systems, end, embedded, response, timing, component, distributed, vehicular |
2015: Integrating mixed transmission and practical limitations with the worst-case response-time analysis for Controller Area Network. (Journal of Systems and Software)
|
|
Francesco Flammini |
Linneaus Univerity |
40 |
0.03 |
0.42 |
1.39 |
1.74 |
systems, surveillance, security, critical, modelling, physical, infrastructures, sensor, multiformalism, computer |
2009: Automatic instantiation of abstract tests on specific configurations for large critical control systems. (Softw. Test., Verif. Reliab.)
|
|
Niklas Mellegård |
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB |
12 |
0.08 |
0.67 |
1.11 |
1.36 |
defect, automotive, improving, embedded, industrial, weight, classification, efficiency, process, light |
2016: Impact of Introducing Domain-Specific Modelling in Software Maintenance: An Industrial Case Study. (IEEE Trans. Software Eng.)
|
|
Daniel Flemström |
Mälardalen University |
8 |
0.12 |
0.75 |
1.07 |
1.33 |
test, passive, interactive, assertions, guarded, reuse, system, overlap, natural, similarity |
2018: Similarity-based prioritization of test case automation. (Software Quality Journal)
|
|
Peter Wallin |
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB |
10 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
1.09 |
1.29 |
issues, system, related, development, mitigation, automotive, line, vehicles, architecting, product |
2012: Problems and their mitigation in system and software architecting. (Information & Software Technology)
|
|
Stefan Cedergren |
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB |
4 |
0.25 |
0.25 |
1.03 |
1.0 |
products, development, performance, evaluating |
2014: Evaluating performance in the development of software-intensive products. (Information & Software Technology)
|


To talk about different forms of intelligence we need to look at how intelligence has been assessed and why so you can make up your own mind .
Multiple forms of intelligences have been theorized since the early nineties.
The theory of emotional intelligence is a controversial one to say the least.
The reason for this is because the theory conflicts with the definitional criteria that describe intelligence.
You could have a word describe anything you like, for example you could say the ability to play a sport is a form of intelligence, the reason this becomes an issue is because you blur the lines of the definitional boundaries that the word is purposed for.
so perhaps “Talents” is a better word to describe the phenomena people are using “emotional intelligence” to describe.
So you could say intelligence is whats common across all sets of intelligence tests .You could debate this and talk about what constitutes a test.
The way psychometricians have managed it is by not defining everything they measure as intelligence.
So some people are more socially adept, are we going to define that as intelligence?
No we call thats extroversion for example, or defining cooperativeness with emotional intelligence.
So the question becomes are you less intelligent if you’re competitive? Well no we've defined that as openness.
So is there anything left of these intelligences once we control for personality and IQ and the answer is no. there is nothing left.
A category must be real (reliably measurable) and useful (predictive) to be considered valid scientifically.
I think the reason people cling to the multiple intelligences theory is that IQ is exceedingly stratifying and deterministic.
To think somebody is smarter than you is too similar to thinking that someone is straight better than you; it's a menacing idea, especially for materialists.
What i mean is those who believe that people who can create valuable things only are valuable people. And they are valuable but thats not the only measure of value.
Those who make things better is a better measure of value and IQ is not nessesary for that.
That's why people need to stop seeing IQ as a measure with power over other traits and use it for what it actually is .
A predictor of success across multiple domains .
And one that can be woefully inadequate when you account for the other traits needed to work in a professional environment .
Traits that allow you to work well with others and increase your performance as a team.
And make things better for the people in your community.
After all what value is there in creating things if our lives arent improved as a result.


Babbitt
by Sinclair Lewis
Chapter 20
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1922
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: United States of America
- Source: Lewis, S. (1922) Babbitt New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co.
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 7.4
- Word Count: 2,438
- Genre: Satire
- Keywords: 20th century literature, american literature, sinclair lewis
- ✎ Cite This
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I
He sat smoking with the piano–salesman, clinging to the warm refuge of gossip, afraid to venture into thoughts of Paul. He was the more affable on the surface as secretly he became more apprehensive, felt more hollow. He was certain that Paul was in Chicago without Zilla's knowledge, and that he was doing things not at all moral and secure. When the salesman yawned that he had to write up his orders, Babbitt left him, left the hotel, in leisurely calm. But savagely he said "Campbell Inn!" to the taxi–driver. He sat agitated on the slippery leather seat, in that chill dimness which smelled of dust and perfume and Turkish cigarettes. He did not heed the snowy lake–front, the dark spaces and sudden bright corners in the unknown land south of the Loop.
The office of the Campbell Inn was hard, bright, new; the night clerk harder and brighter. "Yep?" he said to Babbitt.
"Mr. Paul Riesling registered here?"
"Yep."
"Is he in now?"
"Nope."
"Then if you'll give me his key, I'll wait for him."
"Can't do that, brother. Wait down here if you wanna."
Babbitt had spoken with the deference which all the Clan of Good Fellows give to hotel clerks. Now he said with snarling abruptness:
"I may have to wait some time. I'm Riesling's brother–in–law. I'll go up to his room. D' I look like a sneak–thief?"
His voice was low and not pleasant. With considerable haste the clerk took down the key, protesting, "I never said you looked like a sneak–thief. Just rules of the hotel. But if you want to—"
On his way up in the elevator Babbitt wondered why he was here. Why shouldn't Paul be dining with a respectable married woman? Why had he lied to the clerk about being Paul's brother–in–law? He had acted like a child. He must be careful not to say foolish dramatic things to Paul. As he settled down he tried to look pompous and placid. Then the thought—Suicide. He'd been dreading that, without knowing it. Paul would be just the person to do something like that. He must be out of his head or he wouldn't be confiding in that—that dried–up hag.
Zilla (oh, damn Zilla! how gladly he'd throttle that nagging fiend of a woman!)—she'd probably succeeded at last, and driven Paul crazy.
Suicide. Out there in the lake, way out, beyond the piled ice along the shore. It would be ghastly cold to drop into the water to–night.
Or—throat cut—in the bathroom—
Babbitt flung into Paul's bathroom. It was empty. He smiled, feebly.
He pulled at his choking collar, looked at his watch, opened the window to stare down at the street, looked at his watch, tried to read the evening paper lying on the glass–topped bureau, looked again at his watch. Three minutes had gone by since he had first looked at it.
And he waited for three hours.
He was sitting fixed, chilled, when the doorknob turned. Paul came in glowering.
"Hello," Paul said. "Been waiting?"
"Yuh, little while."
"Well?"
"Well what? Just thought I'd drop in to see how you made out in Akron."
"I did all right. What difference does it make?"
"Why, gosh, Paul, what are you sore about?"
"What are you butting into my affairs for?"
"Why, Paul, that's no way to talk! I'm not butting into nothing.
"Well, I'm not going to have anybody following me around and trying to boss me. I've had all of that I'm going to stand!"
"Well, gosh, I'm not—"
"I didn't like the way you looked at May Arnold, or the snooty way you talked."
"Well, all right then! If you think I'm a buttinsky, then I'll just butt in! I don't know who your May Arnold is, but I know doggone good and well that you and her weren't talking about tar–roofing, no, nor about playing the violin, neither! If you haven't got any moral consideration for yourself, you ought to have some for your position in the community. The idea of your going around places gawping into a female's eyes like a love–sick pup! I can understand a fellow slipping once, but I don't propose to see a fellow that's been as chummy with me as you have getting started on the downward path and sneaking off from his wife, even as cranky a one as Zilla, to go woman–chasing—"
"Oh, you're a perfectly moral little husband!"
"I am, by God! I've never looked at any woman except Myra since I've been married—practically—and I never will! I tell you there's nothing to immorality. It don't pay. Can't you see, old man, it just makes Zilla still crankier?"
Slight of resolution as he was of body, Paul threw his snow–beaded overcoat on the floor and crouched on a flimsy cane chair.  But you can't understand that—I'm through. I can't go Zilla's hammering any longer.  Torture. She enjoys it. It's a game to see how sore she can make me. And me, either it's find a little comfort, any comfort, anywhere, or else do something a lot worse.
"Yea! I suppose she's one of these hens whose husband 'doesn't understand her'!"
"I don't know. Maybe. He was killed in the war."
Babbitt lumbered up, stood beside Paul patting his shoulder, making soft apologetic noises.
 We manage to jolly each other up a lot. We tell each other we're the dandiest pair on earth. Maybe we don't believe it, but it helps a lot to have somebody with whom you can be perfectly simple, and not all this discussing—explaining—"
"And that's as far as you go?"
"It is not! Go on! Say it!"
"Well, I don't—I can't say I like it, but—" With a burst which left him feeling large and shining with generosity, "it's none of my darn business! I'll do anything I can for you, if there's anything I can do."
"There might be. I judge from Zilla's letters that 've been forwarded from Akron that she's getting suspicious about my staying away so long. She'd be perfectly capable of having me shadowed, and of coming to Chicago and busting into a hotel dining–room and bawling me out before everybody."
"I'll take care of Zilla. I'll hand her a good fairy–story when I get back to Zenith."
"I don't know—I don't think you better try it. You're a good fellow. but I don't know that diplomacy is your strong point." Babbitt looked hurt, then irritated. "I mean with women! With women, I mean. Course they got to go some to beat you in business diplomacy, but I just mean with women. Zilla may do a lot of rough talking, but she's pretty shrewd.
 Paul soothed:
"Course maybe you might tell her you'd been in Akron and seen me there."
"Why, sure, you bet! Don't I have to go look at that candy–store property in Akron? Don't I? Ain't it a shame I have to stop off there when I'm so anxious to get home? Ain't it a regular shame? I'll say it is! I'll say it's a doggone shame!"
"Fine. But for glory hallelujah's sake don't go putting any fancy fixings on the story. When men lie they always try to make it too artistic, and that's why women get suspicious. And—Let's have a drink, Georgie. I've got some gin and a little vermouth."
The Paul who normally refused a second cocktail took a second now, and a third. He became red–eyed and thick–tongued. He was embarrassingly jocular and salacious.
In the taxicab Babbitt incredulously found tears crowding into his eyes.
II
He had not told Paul of his plan but he did stop at Akron, between trains, for the one purpose of sending to Zilla a postcard with "Had to come here for the day, ran into Paul." In Zenith he called on her. If for public appearances Zilla was over–coiffed, over–painted, and resolutely corseted, for private misery she wore a filthy blue dressing–gown and torn stockings thrust into streaky pink satin mules. Her face was sunken. She seemed to have but half as much hair as Babbitt remembered, and that half was stringy. She sat in a rocker amid a debris of candy–boxes and cheap magazines, and she sounded dolorous when she did not sound derisive. But Babbitt was exceedingly breezy:
"Well, well, Zil, old dear, having a good loaf while hubby's away? That's the ideal I'll bet a hat Myra never got up till ten, while I was in Chicago. Say, could I borrow your thermos—just dropped in to see if I could borrow your thermos bottle. We're going to have a toboggan party—want to take some coffee mit. Oh, did you get my card from Akron, saying I'd run into Paul?"
"Yes. What was he doing?"
"How do you mean?" He unbuttoned his overcoat, sat tentatively on the arm of a chair.
"You know how I mean!" She slapped the pages of a magazine with an irritable clatter. "I suppose he was trying to make love to some hotel waitress or manicure girl or somebody."
"Hang it, you're always letting on that Paul goes round chasing skirts. He doesn't, in the first place, and if he did, it would prob'ly be because you keep hinting at him and dinging at him so much. I hadn't meant to, Zilla, but since Paul is away, in Akron—"
"He really is in Akron? I know he has some horrible woman that he writes to in Chicago."
"Didn't I tell you I saw him in Akron? What 're you trying to do? Make me out a liar?"
"No, but I just—I get so worried."
"Now, there you are! That's what gets me! Here you love Paul, and yet you plague him and cuss him out as if you hated him. I simply can't understand why it is that the more some folks love people, the harder they try to make 'em miserable."
"You love Ted and Rone—I suppose—and yet you nag them."
"Oh. Well. That. That's different. Besides, I don't nag 'em. Not what you'd call nagging. But zize saying: Now, here's Paul, the nicest, most sensitive critter on God's green earth.  Why, you talk to him like a washerwoman. I'm surprised you can act so doggone common, Zilla!"
She brooded over her linked fingers. "Oh, I know. I do go and get mean sometimes, and I'm sorry afterwards. But, oh, Georgie, Paul is so aggravating! Honestly, I've tried awfully hard, these last few years, to be nice to him, but just because I used to be spiteful—or I seemed so; I wasn't, really, but I used to speak up and say anything that came into my head—and so he made up his mind that everything was my fault. Everything can't always be my fault, can it? And now if I get to fussing, he just turns silent, oh, so dreadfully silent, and he won't look at me—he just ignores me. He simply isn't human! And he deliberately keeps it up till I bust out and say a lot of things I don't mean.  How wicked you are! How rotten wicked!"
They thrashed things over and over for half an hour. At the end, weeping drably, Zilla promised to restrain herself.
Paul returned four days later, and the Babbitts and Rieslings went festively to the movies and had chop suey at a Chinese restaurant. As they walked to the restaurant through a street of tailor shops and barber shops, the two wives in front, chattering about cooks, Babbitt murmured to Paul, "Zil seems a lot nicer now."
"Yes, she has been, except once or twice. But it's too late now. I just—I'm not going to discuss it, but I'm afraid of her. There's nothing left. I don't ever want to see her. Some day I'm going to break away from her. Somehow."


nips nips2001 nips2001-92 nips2001-92-reference knowledge-graph by maker-knowledge-mining
Source: pdf
Author: Olivier Chapelle, Bernhard Schćžšlkopf
Abstract: The choice of an SVM kernel corresponds to the choice of a representation of the data in a feature space and, to improve performance , it should therefore incorporate prior knowledge such as known transformation invariances. We propose a technique which extends earlier work and aims at incorporating invariances in nonlinear kernels. We show on a digit recognition task that the proposed approach is superior to the Virtual Support Vector method, which previously had been the method of choice. 1
[1] C. J. C. Burges. Geometry and invariance in kernel based methods. In B. Sch6lkopf, C. J . C. Burges, and A. J . Smola, editors, Advances in Kernel Methods - Support Vector Learning. MIT Press, 1999.
[2] O. Chapelle and B. Sch6lkopf. Incorporating invariances in nonlinear Support Vector Machines, 2001. Availabe at: www-connex.lip6.frrchapelle.
[3] O. Chapelle, V. Vapnik, O. Bousquet, and S. Mukherjee. Choosing multiple parameters for support vector machines. Machine Learning, 46:131- 159, 2002.
[4] C. Cortes and V. Vapnik. Support vector networks. Machine Learning, 20:273 297,1995.
[5] D. DeCoste and B. Sch6lkopf. Training invariant support vector machines. Machine Learning, 2001. In press.
[6] Todd K. Leen. From data distributions to regularization in invariant learning. In Nips, volume 7. The MIT Press, 1995.
[7] P. Niyogi, T. Poggio, and F. Girosi. Incorporating prior information in machine learning by creating virtual examples. IEEE Proceedings on Intelligent Signal Processing, 86(11):2196-2209, November 1998.
[8] John Platt. Probabilities for support vector machines. In A. Smola, P. Bartlett, B. Sch6lkopf, and D. Schuurmans, editors, Advances in Large Margin Classifiers. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000.
[9] B. Sch6lkopf, C. Burges, and V. Vapnik. Extracting support data for a given task. In U. M. Fayyad and R. Uthurusamy, editors, First International Conference on Knowledge Discovery fj Data Mining. AAAI Press, 1995.
[10] B. Sch6lkopf, C. Burges, and V. Vapnik. Incorporating invariances in support vector learning machines. In Artificial Neural Networks - ICANN'96, volume 1112, pages 47- 52, Berlin, 1996. Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science.
[11] B. Sch6lkopf, P. Y. Simard, A. J. Smola, and V. N. Vapnik. Prior knowledge in support vector kernels. In MIT Press, editor, NIPS, volume 10, 1998.
[12] B. Sch6lkopf, A. Smola, and K.-R. Muller. Nonlinear component analysis as a kernel eigenvalue problem. Neural Computation, 10:1299- 1310, 1998.
[13] P. Simard, Y. LeCun, J. Denker, and B. Victorri. Transformation invariance in pattern recognition, tangent distance and tangent propagation. In G. Orr and K. Muller, editors, Neural Networks: Tricks of the trade. Springer, 1998.
[14] K. Tsuda. Support vector classifier with asymmetric kernel function. In M. Verleysen, editor, Proceedings of ESANN'99, pages 183- 188,1999.
[15] V. Vapnik. Statistical Learning Theory. John Wiley & Sons, 1998.


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We're dedicated to expanding the academic and professional knowledge of computing across campus. We are also dedicated to helping our students and faculty to cooperate and grow together. We are proud to be evangelists of our craft, and hope to enable some incredible technologists.
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Installing the opentheory tool from source
Installing the opentheory tool from source requires an installation of either
MLton,
Poly/ML
or
Moscow ML,
as well as standard system tools including GNU Make and Perl.
- Download
the opentheory.tar.gz file.
- Extract it with the command tar xvzf opentheory.tar.gz
- There will be a new directory called opentheory. Change to
this directory.
- To build using
MLton:
- Build with the command make mlton
- Test with the command bin/mlton/opentheory help
- To build using
Poly/ML:
- Build with the command make polyml
- Test with the command bin/polyml/opentheory help
- To build using
Moscow ML:
- Build with the command make mosml
- Test with the command bin/mosml/opentheory help
- If the test results in a usage message, the installation was
successful.
- A more serious test is to install the standard theory library
using the command path/to/opentheory install base
If anything goes wrong, you can use the command make clean
to clean out any object files.
Troubleshooting
To report a bug or request an enhancement, please file an issue at
GitHub.