Chapter 8 Week 8
8.1 Learning outcomes
Hello, and welcome to the first of two qualitative data analysis lab sessions. Today we will learn about the software package NVivo and how you can use this to analyse and manage your qualitative data (and literature).
In this session you’ll learn:
- Why we use computer aided qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) to manage and interrogate qualitative data, and more importantly, how to do it!
- Some basic but fundamental processes for importing your data into the software and how to organise your files.
- How to run some preliminary analysis in preparation for the real, heavy duty thought work next week. Qualitative Data Analysis
8.2 Why use software in qualitative data analysis?
To give you the corporate spiel:
NVivo provides a flexible range of different ways to handle the analysis of qualitative data - good code and retrieve tools with powerful tools for data visualisation and interrogation. A wide range of multimedia and social media data types are acceptable to NVivo. Certain types of information are auto-processed on import.
Essentially, the NVivo Software allows you to analyse and manage a range of qualitative data, from textual data such as interview transcripts or government documents, to videos, pictures and audio files. In these two sessions we’ll focus on textual data mainly, but once you feel comfortable with NVivo you might want to explore all the available functionality.
Note: the directions below are for the Mac version of NVivo. For those of you using the University computers, the Windows versions of NVivo 11 should be installed and ready for you to use. The functionality between the two versions is slightly different, but not drastic, so you should be able to figure it out.
I know some of you are Mac users too. If you prefer to use your Mac, you’ll need to download the latest version of NVivo. You can do this from the QSR website here. Download NVivo for Mac (Version 11).
You’ll need the License code to complete installation: NVT11-LZ000-BHA2U-CI6N7-WNTJ0
The lab sessions will be accompanied by chapter readings from this:
I’ve uploaded relevant chapters to Blackboard so you can make do with that for now. There is a eBook of the first edition available via the University Library catalogue too. Or, if you’re really into qualitative data analysis, you might want to purchase the book at some point, but that is definitely not vital.
The lab sessions will also be strongly supplemented with video tutorials from the QSR website. QSR is the organisation that manages NVivo.
8.2.1 Activity 1:
Discover more about the NVivo tutorials here. Take a look at the website now and watch some of the starter videos. You can choose to watch the Windows or Mac tutorials; whichever suits your needs. If you haven’t watched them already, I would recommend watching the following before you get into the main lab work:
- Explore NVivo 11 Pro for Windows - video here – and Mac – video here.
- How to ‘Import Documents’.
- How to ‘Create Memos’.
- How to ‘Run a Word Frequency Query’.
I’ll be talking you through most of the above in the session notes today (see below). If you get stuck at any point, it’s worth re-watching these videos or seeing if there is a video available for your specific query. It’s a useful website.
8.3 What kinds of data can I input into NVivo for analysis?
In brief, and just for your information, you can analyse the following kinds of data in NVivo:
Text – NVivo 11 can manage files that are .txt, .rtf, .doc, .docx, and .pdf. It is fine to include embedded charts, tables, graphs, or images. However, in Word files, headers and footers, page numbers, line numbering, comment boxes (as per MSWord) will not be visible once imported.
PDF format - where the file has been converted into PDF from Word or similar application etc., the file can be imported as it is, though some functions- like Text search will not work quite as well as if they were in Word/RTF/plain text. If the PDF document was created (possibly scanned) without optical character recognition it may just be an image style format which can still be imported but the more limited ‘region selection’ mode not ‘text’ mode will be required to apply codes or annotations and text search tools are unlikely to work.
- WE’LL BE DOING SOME IMPORTING OF DOCUMENTS AND PDFs TODAY…
Datasets – Import e.g. survey data direct from Excel and other database formats.
Multimedia – NVivo 8 onwards recognizes many formats for visual, audio, and audiovisual materials. Most common formats are useable. For video files, the general rule of thumb is that if they will play in Windows Media PlayerTM, they will work in NVivo.
Social media data (e.g. from Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter) and Evernotes – can be imported into NVivo. - WE’LL BE DOING THIS NEXT WEEK…
Ncapture – an interface between Internet Explorer and NVivo can be used to capture web pages, pre-code them and then import them into a project
8.3.1 Activity 2: Find some data…
Before we start with NVivo, I’d like you to find some data that you’ll use in the session today – you can use the data that I use and which are available on Blackboard but I think it’s more interesting for you (and will help you remember the processes better!) if you find some data that reflect your own criminological interests.
For instance, given my research expertise and the recent news coverage of the Panama Papers, in my example I’ve collected the top 5 Google news stories on Lewis Hamilton and Tax Avoidance:
But not everyone gets as excited as I do about researching the tax noncompliance of global individual and corporate elites…(Though I can never understand why!).
I’ve simply saved each news article in a folder on my desktop:
I then searched for reports and documents on tax avoidance from governmental authorities and non-governmental organisations. I simply searched ‘tax avoidance pdf’ and an array of official documents were found. I’ve saved five of these to my documents folder.
I then searched for ‘tax avoidance criminology’ on Google Scholar – you could also try the University’s online databases (probably a more systematic approach in actual fact).
In order to keep it nice and tidy, I’ve organised my documents into three folders: ‘Media Articles’, ‘Literature’ and ‘Journal Articles’
Nice and tidy.
They are now ready for ‘importing’ into NVivo later.
So, go and find your own media articles (x 5), academic journal articles (x 5) and non-academic official sources (x 5). Save these to your p:Drive or in an accessible location.
NOTE: this is just an example data set, in a real research project, your literature and data search would need to be much more extensive and systematic, but for the purposes of demonstrating NVivo, it will suffice!.
Ok, so now you’ve identified 15 textual data sources and saved them somewhere easily accessible (e.g. in a folder entitled ‘NVivo Sessions’)
So forget about these for now. We’ll be back.
8.4 Creating your NVivo project
8.4.1 Activity 3: Getting started with NVivo
Let’s get started then. First, you’ll need to open NVivo from your computer. Search for it on your computer. This will open up a folder something like the following:
Second, you need to ‘create new project’. So click on the appropriate option. You’ll then need to name and save the project, put it in the same folder as your data:
Click ‘Create’ and hey presto:
Everything you do in NVivo saves automatically. However, it’s worthwhile getting into the habit of saving after you do something important, just in case something goes wrong! You can ‘Save’ via the file tab.
So, what can you see in the interface?
8.5 Understanding the interface
At the top of the screen are the ‘ribbon tabs’:
Ribbon tabs provide access to varying functions.
Basic ribbon tabs consist of:
- File - Saving, Managing etc,
- Home - editing functions etc.,
- Create - making new things
- Data – various import options,
- Analyse - Coding, linking, annotating,
- Query - range of functions to vary queries and query views and output,
- Explore - Charting, queries, models,
- Layout – manipulating tabular outputs,
- View – altering what you can see, arrangement of windows, coding stripes etc.
NOTE: There are a few aspects of work that are only accessible via the ribbon tabs (for instance some of the editing tools are only accessible from the Home Tab, varying Code stripe views is only available from the View ribbon tabs, Charts and other visualisations are only accessible via the Analyse ribbon tab). But there are many other functions which are accessible more easily from the right button in the List panes. Some ribbon tabs only open up when you are in a particular function, for instance when you are in a Model, a specialized Model ribbon tab appears, but you create a new Model from the Explore Ribbon tab. You’ll figure this out through trial and error.
So, below is the main window of the interface:
You organise all your research materials in the ‘Navigation View’. The navigation pane (left hand portion of the screen) is the main way of moving around the main functional areas of the software, Sources, Nodes etc. – and getting into the right folder you need in order to see the relevant ‘list’ so that you can open individual items. When you select a function – a set of folders appears in the top half of the pane. Select a folder and the relevant List appears on the right. Double click on an item in the list and the relevant item opens up in the Detail pane below. Successive opened items are tabbed I along the central bar separating the List pane from the Detail pane.
8.7 Importing Data
Now we have folders we can import our data into these.
There are different things enabled during the import of data. For now, the straightforward importing of data, whether it is Text, PDF or the full range of audio-visual data – can follow essentially the same process. You just have to be careful to tell the software what type of data you are looking for e.g. ‘document’, ‘PDF’ etc.
Remember that ‘data’ and sources in NVivo are any material at all that will help you to integrate all the information that feeds into your project.
8.7.1 Activity 5: Import data
For now, let’s just import your data and not worry about how you will organise data (with attributes or socio demographic variables). First, make sure the Internals folder where you want to import your documents in the Navigation View is highlighted. For instance, we’ll start by importing our media articles, so single click the ‘Media Articles’ folder to highlight it.
Second, right click in the ‘List View’ to access the menu. Your ‘List View’ always corresponds to which ‘Source’ is in use in your Navigation View. Now select ‘Import’ and then ‘Documents’.
This will bring up your computer’s file search folder. Locate the folder where you saved your media articles and select the first one to import. Double click or select it and click Import.
Once imported, you’ll then need to name this document. I’ve called my first media article ‘Sky News LH’. Then click ‘Done’.
Your first article will now be imported. You’ll see it has appeared in your List View and the contents of the article can be seen in the Detail View.
You now need to repeat this process for all your media articles, your journal articles and your other literature. You’ll then have 15 documents imported into NVivo.
NOTE: The key point to note here is that we can integrate different sources of data (e.g. media articles, academic literature, official reports) into one place to manage them together. You can even use NVivo to undertake your literature reviews in preparation for essay writing – we’ll look at this next week.
When you import documents they can sometimes look a bit messy as below:
So you might want to tidy these up. To do this, simply open the document by double-clicking on it in the List View. Then ensure the ‘edit’ option is selected on the right hand side. You can then highlight text you wish to delete to tidy up your documents. NOTE: Edit mode/Read only mode: note that it is always possible to make changes to textual documents once you’ve imported them, but unless you change the default option, your files by default will be in protected Read only format when on display in the Detail pane. Everything is now neat and tidy:
If you wish to close documents, you need to do this in the bottom left hand corner by clicking the small cross in the corner of the document you wish to close.
So we now have all our documents in NVivo. So what next? We need to think about why we are going to analyse these documents. To do this, let’s use the ‘Memos’ folder.
8.8 Memos
Memos are related to planning, tracking processes and thinking ‘out loud’ about what is going on in your data. With that in mind, let’s create a framework of memos. You can create folders to organize different aspects of note-making. Or you can have the one predefined folder Memos, but within it name your memos carefully with standard prefixes which tell you and others what type of memo it is – “PROCESS-…”, “THEORY…”
You create folders from the memos folder – Right click/New folder /name the folder as above. Or create memos within your chosen folder by using the Create ribbon tab along the tab/choose the memo icon - or alternatively as usual – you can select the correct folder and then right click in the List pane to create the new memo. I find right clicking is always the most straightforward way. The new memo opens up in Edit mode so that you can begin work in it. If the memo closes, double click on the memo in the list, it will re-open but you will have to ‘click to edit’ in order to write in it. So let’s try this.
8.8.1 Activity 6: Memos
See if you can follow what I’ve done for your own data.
I’ve created two folders: ‘Research Questions’ and ‘Theoretical Framework’
I’ve highlighted the research questions folder, then right clicked in the List View to create a new Memo called ‘RQs’. I’ve then clicked in the Detail View and starting making notes on my research questions.
As you can see, in my first research question I’m interested in analysing how the media represented Lewis Hamilton following allegations of tax avoidance.
In the second question I’m aiming to analysis how media constructions differ from official constructions, if at all.
I’ve also created a second Memo entitled ‘Theoretical Framework’. In here I’ve made notes on which criminological theories I might use to inform my analysis. For instance, I’ve made notes about rational choice theory and routine activities theory. These theories can guide my analysis.
When I analyse my data (we’ll do this properly next week), we can begin to integrate our different data sources together and organise the data around key themes and codes. Coding our data is by far the most important step!!! Coding schemes and coded retrieval are key tools of qualitative analysis. To do this in NVivo, we use ‘Nodes’.
For now, forget about ‘nodes’ and coding your data. We’ll do this next week in much more depth. For now, we’re going to learn to do a basic, superficial analysis of our textual data.
8.9 Word frequency
Finding ways to give others insight into your qualitative survey data can be challenging. You often end up with pages of response text, which would quickly overwhelm readers. However, considering word frequency is a great option for instant accessibility to this qualitative data.
Word clouds, a visualisation of word frequency, can add clarity during text analysis in order to effectively communicate your data results. Word clouds can also reveal patterns in your responses that may guide future analysis.
8.9.1 Activity 7: Word frequency
You’re now going to analyse your imported documents by the frequency with which words appear in them. To do this, first, open up the ‘Queries’ section in the Navigation View. Then select ‘Queries’ and right click in the List View pane. You’ll then get the options as below. Select ‘New Query’ and then ‘Word Frequency’:
This will open up the ‘Unnamed Query’ panel in the Detail View. (Ignore the untimely email that came from the TSSO…!). At this point, simply ensure all the default settings are selected and click ‘Run Query’.
This will produce a list of all the words in all your documents order them according to ‘Count’ i.e. the word with the most hits appears at the top:
This is not great to look at so what we can do is create a ‘Word Cloud. Simply choose the ‘Word Cloud’ option at the top of the Detail View and this translates your query into a neat visualisation of the word frequencies:
We can then save this image as a picture. Right click anywhere in the Detail View and you’ll have an option to ‘Export’. Select this:
Make sure you choose a suitable file format, such as JPEG Image. Give the Word Cloud a name and click Ok.
Your Word Cloud is then saved as a picture, like below. You could then insert this into any of essays or reports as an example of a superficial, but indicative, insight into the content of your documents.
That said, considering all my documents were identified in relation to ‘Tax’, it was pretty obvious that ‘Tax’ would be the main word, isn’t it?! In other words, the findings here are an artefact of my data search at the start.
So how about we remove ‘Tax’ from our word frequency query? To do this, you can go back to the ‘Summary’ tab, right click on the word you want to exclude, and then choose ‘Add to Stop Words List’.
Then run another query, as above, and see what happens now.
If you like the new Word Cloud better, you can then ‘Save Query’, give it an appropriate title and it will save in your project.
I’ve then followed the above directions again to save the Word Cloud as a JPEG for future use.
What does this tell us? Well, to be clear, this is a crude analysis. But it does throw up some interesting key words: ‘HMRC’, ‘Scheme’, ‘Arrangements’.
We can use these words to direct our coding of the data (or not). We’ll look at this more next week.
8.10 Summary
You now know how to create a project in NVivo, import relevant documents, organise them into folders, tidy them up, create memos to structure your thinking, and undertake a basic analysis of your documents for frequencies.
These are all fundamentals to using NVivo. Of course, there are lots of tabs, functions and areas we haven’t explored, and won’t explore. These are much more advanced tools.
Next week we’ll build on these basics and put our minds to work on developing conceptual frameworks through coding our data – this is where the systematic analysis begins…


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Computes the coeffiecients vA and the gain of the filter using a LPC analysis of a voice signal A = {a0=1, -a1, -a2,..., -ap} Inputs: vFrame = Input vFrame iOrderP = Prediction order iPlot = logical value. If true, the coefficients are plotted Outputs: vA = Coefficients of the LPC analysis rG = Gain of the filter in the LPC analysis


Hi! I'm Stephan Leibelt, a passionate software developer based in Berlin. I'm currently working as a fullstack developer at Doctolib.


The method maxBettiNumbers finds the upper bounds for the total Betti numbers. In certain instances, there are ideals that realize these upper bounds and have maximum possible total Betti numbers. In this case, these ideals also must have the maximum possible sum of the total Betti numbers. However, there are some instances where there are no ideals that realize the upper bounds. In this case, there are only ideals that realize maximal total Betti numbers. Some of these also must have the maximum possible sum of the total Betti numbers, while others do not.
ResultsCount is an option that can be passed to maxBettiNumbers. It determines how many, and what type of ideals are collected. The Hilbert function of these ideals is returned in a MaxBetti object under key HilbertFunctions.
There are four possible values, with the default being "None".


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GraphJin generates lighting fast queries, efficient SQL using only indexes.
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Multiple tables and figures showing the results of the study.
On the left you first have to select the analysis for which you want to view the results. Other options become available, such as selectors for the ingredient, formulations etc. if these are applicable.
A "Figures" tab becomes available for certain analyses on the top in the right part of the screen.


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July 18, 2002
Nearly 50% of island's residents are sex offenders
Independent | Submitted by: ian m.
Followup story from an earlier Dailyrotten:
"A prosecutor from New Zealand is poised to lay charges against at least 20
men, and a trial could be held, probably in Auckland, later this year. The case
follows a two-year investigation by Kent Police and prosecutors claim it
ouches almost every family on Pitcairn, home to 45 people living in one of the
most isolated spots on earth, 3,000 miles from New Zealand. The charges are
understood to relate to girls who were allegedly raped or had sexual relations
with adult men or teenage boys. The alleged victims were aged between
five and 15." Perhaps it will be argued that this 'abuse' is the cultural
heritage of the Pitcairn people.
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DC Mayor forgot to get on ballot
Washington Post | Submitted by: Jerry Bourbon
Only in the District of Columbia: Mayor Anthony Williams, who faces
neither opposition in the Democratic Primary, no a Republican challenger
in November may find his easy reelection bid derailed. It seems that his
campaign didn't bother to get the required signatures to put his name
on the ballot. Oops. Maybe we can have Marion Barry back.
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US Government silences free speech advocates
Newsforge | Submitted by: Soylent
"Robin Gross, intellectual property lawyer for the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, said her organization was told by the Commerce Department not to
show up to the digital rights management workshop. Asked later why she didn't
try to speak, Gross answered: "I'd be happy to give my opinion to anyone
who'll listen, but they're not listening. We were told our position
was not welcome at this table."
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The phone company now owns you
PC World | Submitted by: Soylent
"Details of who customers call, when they call, and how long they talk may
be shared with communications-related corporate affiliates ["anybody"], the
[FCC] ruling says. Customers can choose to keep such information private,
but must initiate the request. The carrier does not have to ask
permission."
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Wicked nuns and hush money
Stuff NZ | Submitted by: Biggles
Just when you thought the Catholic Church couldn't get any more bad press:
"A group of 14 women who were beaten as girls at a Christchurch orphanage
have been secretly paid out by a Catholic order of nuns... Several women
approached by The Press said confidentiality clauses prevented them from
talking about their settlements."
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Burglar with panty fetish given 20 years
Eugene Register-Guard | Submitted by: Spooky
"He broke in to steal women's underwear and credit cards, which he used to pay for access to Internet pornography. He also called phone-sex lines from the homes he burglarized. "He peeks through windows to watch people. He masturbates
and drinks. He has broken into so many homes, he doesn't recall how many."
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Alice In Wonderland
Seattle Times | Submitted by: Incubus
Was Charles Dodgson a would-be pedophile or good-natured Victorian bachelor
whose love of children was channeled through the families of his friends?
A new book from Princeton University Press adds to the literature on the
brilliant and controversial author of "Alice in Wonderland", one of the great
imaginative fictions of all time, but "Lewis Carroll Photographer" by Roger
Taylor and Edward Wakeling, doesn't put to rest the question of Charles
Dodgson's sexual proclivities."
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Join The Army, See The World, Have A Lap Dance
Wire Services | Submitted by: Incubus
"At least 200 Army personnel used their government charge cards to obtain
hundreds of dollars in cash at strip clubs near military bases, a
Congressional investigation has found. Sen. Charles Grassley, R-Iowa, said
the individuals spent the money "on lap dancing and other forms of
entertainment [whatever that means]," running up a total bill of $38,000."
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Spain and Morocco near war!
CNN | Submitted by: Incubus
"Morocco is demanding the immediate withdrawal of Spanish forces from a tiny
disputed island off the Moroccan coast. Elite Spanish troops evicted Moroccan
soldiers from the island during a lightning daybreak operation on Wednesday.
Six Moroccan troops were captured. No shots were fired, and no-one was
injured." Seven castaways and the Harlem Globetrotters were spotted in the area.
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How AOL polished its advertising turd
Washington Post | Submitted by: Soylent
At a time when all other internet advertising was going down the toilet,
somehow AOL managed to keep their ad revenue increasing. How did they do this?
By creatively shifting money, of course! One example given in this article
is the conversion of an arbitration award and booking it as ad revenue.
AOL ran advertisements for 24dogs.com without an advertising contract
and without even the permission of the website owner, just so they can get
revenue booked for that quarter. This act went as far as stealing the
company's artwork to use in the banners.
All of this marginally ethical dealmaking was necessary because
AOL was trying to use their inflated stock price to acquire Time Warner,
before the bubble which they knew was about to pop, burst.
Giant corporations suck.
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Disney contributes one more evil
Orlando Sentinel | Submitted by: Incubus
"Uncle Sam has plucked Walt Disney Co.'s chief of research and development
to become head of research for the National Security Agency, which uses highly
sophisticated technology to gather intelligence and break codes to protect
sensitive government information systems. Both organizations include a diverse
group of top-level scientists and share a penchant for security and secrecy."
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Brooklyn Bridge For Sale
Wire Services | Submitted by: Incubus
In an attempt to bolster his city's struggling economy, Mayor Jim Rhinehart
of Brooklyn, Iowa is trying to sell the bridge over Little Bear Creek after the
city has approved the funds for a newer replacement bridge to be built in the
near future. And if you believe that...
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Grandma's good health alerts feds to check scam
Orlando Sentinel | Submitted by: Incubus
"Federal investigators wondered why a 102-year-old Orange County woman, who
had moved to Missouri, never used Medicaid benefits. When they called to find
out her secret for good health and longevity, they discovered Nellie Hulth had
in fact been dead for 15 years."
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Information Awareness Office
DARPA | Submitted by: error
Exactly what kind of government agency is this, that has
Story telling, change detection, and truth maintenance as part
of its charter. But most of all, who designed its scary logo,
the ghost of George Orwell?
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Dead President a bad man
Rockford Register-Star | Submitted by: Gutter Juice
"Zachary Taylor, who became the 12th president of the United States
in 1849, was indicted in Illinois on assault and battery charges in 1814 while
an officer in the U.S. Army, according to recently discovered documents."
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Death by Study
Sydney Morning Herald | Submitted by: Ben
A committed Thai student has gone a little too far when his method of
keeping alert (wrapping a tie around his neck and connecting it to the
door handle) backfired. They say this isn't autoerotic asphyxiation.
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Not in my backyard
Independent | Submitted by: Reading
"The existence in Roy Fox's Berkshire garden of levels of man-made
plutonium 40 times higher than normal background radiation has made
him question whether radioactive materials have been used secretly
behind his home... The mystery was heightened this week when it
emerged that Shell, which owned an oil depot behind Mr Fox's house,
had a government licence to use radioactive material there in the 1960s."
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A content delivery network (CDN) is a system of distributed servers (network) that delivers webpages and other web content to a user based on the geographic locations of the user, the origin of the webpage and a content delivery server.
Amazon cloudfront can be used to deliver your entire website, including dynamic, static, streaming, and interactive content using a global network of edge locations. Requests for your content are automatically routed to the nearest edge location, so content is delivered with the best possible performance.
Amazon CloudFront is optimized to work with other Amazon web services, like amazon simple storage service, amazon elastic cloud compute, amazon elastic load balancing, and amazon route 53. Amazon CloudFront also works seamlessly with any Non-Aws origin server, which stores the original, definitive versions of your files.
Key terminology
- Edge Location - This is the location where content will be cached. This is seperate to an AWS Region/AZ.
- Edge Locations are not READ-ONLY. You can WRITE to them too. ( ie put an object on to them ). This will be replicated back to the origin server.
- Objects are cached for the life of the TTL ( Time To Live )
- You can clear cached objects, but you will be charged.
- Origin - This is the origin of all the files that the CDN will distribute. This can be either an S3 bucket, an EC2 Instance, an Elastic Load Balancer or Route53.
- Distribution - This is the name given to the CDN which consists of a collection of Edge Locations.
- Web Distribution - Typically used for Websites.
- RTMP - Used for Media Streaming.
LAB
- Create a bucket in s3 to be used with CloudFront.
- Upload an image to that bucket.
- Goto CloudFront and click on create distribution network.
- Click on get start under Web.
- Select the s3 bucket on the origin domain name. (dropdown menu)
- Select Yes for restricting bucket access.
- Create a new identity for bucket access.
- Update bucket policy to grant read permissions.
- Under default cache behaviour Viewer protocol policy Redirect HTTP to HTTPS
- Restrict Viewer Access ( Use signed urls or signed cookies ) if you want to have restrictions.
- Hit save and it should be deployed in around 15 minutes.
- You can also enable geo restrictions
- either black countries or whitelist countries but not both.
- If you want to remove an object from the cache immedietely ( Costs MONEY ), you can do so by creating an Invalidation.
- After youre done with setting up, make sure you delete the distribution network because this does cost you money.
- First select the distribution network, and click on disable (15 - 30) mins later you will be able to click on delete.


Namespace Unity.Injection
Classes
GenericBase
Base class for generic type parameters.
GenericParameter
A ParameterValue that lets you specify that an instance of a generic type parameter should be resolved.
GenericResolvedArrayParameter
A ParameterValue that lets you specify that an array containing the registered instances of a generic type parameter should be resolved.
InjectionConstructor
A class that holds the collection of information for a constructor, so that the container can be configured to call this constructor.
InjectionFactory
A class that lets you specify a factory method the container will use to create the object.
InjectionField
InjectionMatching
InjectionMember
Base class for objects that can be used to configure what class members get injected by the container.
InjectionMember<TMemberInfo, TData>
InjectionMethod
An InjectionMember that configures the container to call a method as part of buildup.
InjectionParameter
A class that holds on to the given value and provides the required IResolve when the container is configured.
InjectionParameter<TParameter>
A generic version of InjectionParameter that makes it a little easier to specify the type of the parameter.
InjectionProperty
This class stores information about which properties to inject, and will configure the container accordingly.
MemberInfoBase<TMemberInfo>
MethodBase<TMemberInfo>
OptionalGenericParameter
A ParameterValue that lets you specify that an instance of a generic type parameter should be resolved, providing the null value if resolving fails.
OptionalParameter
A ParameterValue that can be passed to RegisterType(Type, Type, String, ITypeLifetimeManager, InjectionMember[]) to configure a parameter or property as an optional dependency.
OptionalParameter<T>
A generic version of OptionalParameter that lets you specify the type of the dependency using generics syntax.
ParameterBase
A base class for implementing ParameterValue classes that deal in explicit types.
ParameterValue
Base type for objects that are used to configure parameters for constructor or method injection, or for getting the value to be injected into a property.
ResolvedArrayParameter
A class that stores a type, and generates a resolver object that resolves all the named instances or the type registered in a container.
ResolvedArrayParameter<TElement>
A generic version of ResolvedArrayParameter for convenience when creating them by hand.
ResolvedParameter
A class that stores a name and type, and generates a resolver object that resolves the parameter via the container.
ResolvedParameter<TParameter>
A generic version of ResolvedParameter for convenience when creating them by hand.


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Wikibase:
The EU Knowledge Graph
26.08.2020
@EU (online)
Wikimedia hosts many wikis ....
Wikibase is the software behind Wikidata
A data repository to store structured data about the European Commission
Can be edited by humans and by bots
Wikibase hosts Wikidata, one of the largest existing KGs containing 5 Billion triples.
705.095 projects financed by the European Union
1. Take any structured data
2. Model the data
- Need entities like building, office
- Need properties like address, open hour, occupant
- Whenever possible take wikidata entities/properties or existing entities/properties
3. Keep identifiers
Use other identifiers so that one can use them to link to other resources!
4. Import using Wikibase APIs
We always used Pywikibot ....
But there are alternatives ....
The imported data is easy to understand, aligned with existing concepts, queriable and easy to reuse ....
1. Entities imported from Wikidata
2. Entities imported from other sources
Use the identifier to find the entity in the KG.
Check what has changed and make an update.
3. Question Answering
We allow to query and explore the KG using natural language
Can be integrated in chatbots
Kohesio:
making projects financed by the European Commission accessible to citizens
EU Cohesion Policy
- EU Cohesion Policy supports every year tens of thousands of projects across Europe
- EU Cohesion Policy makes up approximately 32.5 % of the EU budget 2014-2020 (equivalent to ca. EUR 351.8 billion)
What is Kohesio?
- The money is given to the 27 member states which have to implement the projects
- The member states report back to the European Commission how the money was spent.
- The objective of Kohesio is to aggregate this data and make it accessible to citizens.
Data
- Around 20 files in csv, xlsx or xls describing the projects of 6 pilot countries
- Around 15 files in csv, xlsx or xls describing vocabulary of the Cohesion Policy: categories of interventions, policy objectives, ....
- Data about geographic entities (NUTS)
- Wikidata
Enrich the data
- Translate the project descriptions to English
- Compute geo coordiantes for every project
- Compute in which region the project is contained
- Link the NUTS with information from Wikidata
- Link the beneficiaries to entities in Wikidata
Build a website for citizens on top
To summarize
- We integrated structure data from different sources in one uniform model
- The data is enriched increasing its value
- The data is accessible by citizens
Conclusion
We have shown:
- how Wikibase is used as an infrastructure in the EU Knwoledge Graph (KG)
- what is the content of the EU KG, how the data is ingested, maintained fresh and which services are offered.
- a concrete use case: Kohesio
Acknowledgmentes:
- Doris Team @ DG Connect
- Knowledge Management @ DG Regio


This visulization talks about solving the static deformation of a redundant structure. First of all the method of Finite Element is used to performe the calculation using the assembled stiffness matrix. Then another method described in detail in 2nd year Structural Mechanics and Dynamics notes, which utilizes the principal of virtual work. This methods is ssupposed to give exactly the same result as the direct stiffness method and the corresponding comparison is shown in the visulization page for redundant framework structure. The above methodology is applied to a fundamental structure often used in bridge structure and is of hope to provide a intuituive illustration of how this method can be applied in real life.
For a truss structure listed above, the stiffness matrix of a single typical member can be found. Here a single member corresponds to a single finite element. Each 2-dimensional pin-ended bar element can be considered as a rod element. Similarly to the theory explained in the rod, the global stiffness matrix for a single rod element, aligned of an angle α, with Young's Modulus E, length l and density ρ, is as following: $$ \mathbf{k} = \frac{E A}{l}\begin{bmatrix} 1&-1 \\ -1&1 \end{bmatrix} $$
Following this, a mapping scheme is applied to assemble the stiffness matrix for the whole structure.
For a frame the unit load method gives the delfection at the point where the virtual unit load is applied and in the direction of the unit load as: \[r=\int \bar{\sigma_{i}}\varepsilon _{i}dV = \sum_{i=0}^{no. of bars} \frac{\bar{N_{i}}N_{i}}{E_i A_i}L_i\]
To solve the problem with redundancy by hand, which is the case since only relative displacement can be found in this structure directly using unit load mehtod, the folloing steps would shown useful:


Category A
Motorcycles
Category B
Cars and ATVs
Category C
Large goods vehicle
Category D
Buses
Category T
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Other
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I'm a Full Stack Web Developer with an innate desire to take things
apart and rebuild them in my vision.
Big or small, every challenge is an opportunity.
I've always had a natural interest in design and aesthetics, web development has shown me how beautiful the world of logic can be; discovering what makes any given application, system, or process function properly is like playing with a puzzle that can't be put down. Combining these two domains in an interesting manner is often a challenge; that's why development is my passion.
Learn MoreAre you working in a language, framework, or library that wasn't mentioned here? Don't fret; I'm continuously honing my skills and adding to my repertoire.
Festival Fanatic
Built during a one-week sprint, Festival Fanatic is a community based SPA used to securely track, record, and detail a user's experience at a variety of events.
Supports:
Technologies Used:
The Bucket List
The Bucket List is a SPA that can be used to securely track users' goals across the world. The application was built concurrently by a team of three developers using agile development methodologies.
Supports:
Technologies Used:
Interested in collaborating with someone who is eager and ready to bring a fresh perspective to you're organization? You've come to the right place.
860-490-2960


Thank you for coming that far and showing your interest in registering for our 24h hacking session!
For registration we need some information about your interests and your plan for the hackathon. Since the available space at the venue is limited, we may give preference to applicants who possess an already existing plan or whose skills are absolutely necessary for the success of the hackathon. Name, e-mail and skillset are required fields and you can move your cursor on the fields to get some instructions. Public data will be published and used on the hackathon dashboard already before the event.
You can use MarkDown for multi-line fields and you can edit your entry later on GitHub or comment on all entries with Disqus! After registration you can join our Slack channel that will be also used during the event and get access to hackathon dashboard.


Situations may occur during contract performance that cause the Government to order a suspension of work, or a work stoppage. This subpart provides clauses to meet these situations and a clause for settling contractor claims for unordered Government caused delays that are not otherwise covered in the contract.
A suspension of work under a construction or architect-engineer contract may be ordered by the contracting officer for a reasonable period of time. If the suspension is unreasonable, the contractor may submit a written claim for increases in the cost of performance, excluding profit.
(a) Stop-work orders may be used, when appropriate, in any negotiated fixed-price or cost-reimbursement supply, research and development, or service contract if work stoppage may be required for reasons such as advancement in the state-of-the-art, production or engineering breakthroughs, or realignment of programs.
(b) Generally, a stop-work order will be issued only if it is advisable to suspend work pending a decision by the Government and a supplemental agreement providing for the suspension is not feasible. Issuance of a stop-work order shall be approved at a level higher than the contracting officer. Stop-work orders shall not be used in place of a termination notice after a decision to terminate has been made.
(c) Stop-work orders should include—
(1) A description of the work to be suspended;
(2) Instructions concerning the contractor’s issuance of further orders for materials or services;
(3) Guidance to the contractor on action to be taken on any subcontracts; and
(4) Other suggestions to the contractor for minimizing costs.
(d) Promptly after issuing the stop-work order, the contracting officer should discuss the stop-work order with the contractor and modify the order, if necessary, in light of the discussion.
(e) As soon as feasible after a stop-work order is issued, but before its expiration, the contracting officer shall take appropriate action to—
(1) Terminate the contract;
(2) Cancel the stop-work order (any cancellation of a stop-work order shall be subject to the same approvals as were required for its issuance); or
(3) Extend the period of the stop-work order if it is necessary and if the contractor agrees (any extension of the stop-work order shall be by a supplemental agreement).
(a) The clause at 52.242-17, Government Delay of Work, provides for the administrative settlement of contractor claims that arise from delays and interruptions in the contract work caused by the acts, or failures to act, of the contracting officer. This clause is not applicable if the contract otherwise specifically provides for an equitable adjustment because of the delay or interruption; e.g., when the Changes clause is applicable.
(b) The clause does not authorize the contracting officer to order a suspension, delay, or interruption of the contract work and it shall not be used as the basis or justification of such an order.
(c) If the contracting officer has notice of an unordered delay or interruption covered by the clause, the contracting officer shall act to end the delay or take other appropriate action as soon as practicable.
(d) The contracting officer shall retain in the file a record of all negotiations leading to any adjustment made under the clause, and related certified cost or pricing data, or data other than certified cost or pricing data.
(a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 52.242-14, Suspension of Work, in solicitations and contracts when a fixed-price construction or architect-engineer contract is contemplated.
(b)(1) The contracting officer may, when contracting by negotiation, insert the clause at 52.242-15, Stop-Work Order, in solicitations and contracts for supplies, services, or research and development.
(2) If a cost-reimbursement contract is contemplated, the contracting officer shall use the clause with its Alternate I.
(c) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 52.242-17, Government Delay of Work, in solicitations and contracts when a fixed-price contract is contemplated for supplies other than commercial or modified-commercial items. The clause use is optional when a fixed-price contract is contemplated for services, or for supplies that are commercial or modified-commercial items.


1. Open aiwatch mobile app.
2. Tap the Settings icon at the bottom of the screen.
3. Under Connect Smartthings setting, fill Client Id and Client Secret copied from Step 4 of Enable Oauth section
4. Tap the toggle button next to Connect Smartthings.
5. You will be redirected to Samsung/Smartthings login page. Enter your credentials and login.
6. In the authorization screen select the virtual switch aiwatch sensor.
7. Tap the Authorize button at the bottom left of the screen.
8. If successfully authorized, the Connect Smartthings toggle button will turn green.
9. All set, your smartthings hub is now connected to aiwatch. The virtual switch will be turned on when aiwatch detects motion of interest to you.


“
”
I am the luckiest to have John by my side. Open-minded, genuine, compassionate, and level-headed, he can always be counted on.
Farya Alexandra – Staff Assistant
“
”
I worked with John when he lived in Axphain. We became very good friends. He was always there for me and I am truly grateful for that.
Arya Rustin – Operations Admin Assistant
“
”
He is highly talented in his job. He continuously work on improving his relationship with the client and his co-workers.
Anahita Berg – Human Resource Manager


We have what many people now consider a modern love-story: we met online. The exact date is a point of dispute but we agree it was in the latter half of October 2013. There was a moment during our first conversation when I knew I wanted to be friends with him forever. It was more than sharing similar values and interests, I recognized a kindred spirit. Despite this immediate connection, romance was the furthest thing from my mind. Law school, the age difference, our different life experiences, the geographic challenges ... there were many things that made me decide that we would never be anything more than just friends. My position changed rather quickly during a friendly date on December 12, 2013.
 James was visiting the city with his brother, Brent, and friends. I planned on a quick brunch with everyone at one of my favorite restaurants in Brooklyn, Roberta’s, but James changed plans and decided that he wanted to hang out just with me. I was worried that Roberta’s was a bad choice because he didn’t finish his meal* but the day ended on a high note. The short afternoon brunch ended up being a very long and romantic evening. I’m usually very serious and guarded but I felt lighter around him. All my usual guards were down. We drank and talked for hours and have been inseparable from that point on.
 When deciding on a location for our wedding, it seemed natural to get married in the city that changed us both.
 * I later learned that James (almost) always finishes his meals. He didn’t finish his food during our first date because he was ͞extremely nervous͟ :)


Facebook, Apple, Twitter, Amazon, these are just a few of the many cool looking webpages on the internet today. But how did they get like that? The answer: HTML and CSS (and a little creativity). HTML and CSS are programming languages that developers use to create and style webpages. There are many aspects of HTML and CSS that developers tap into to create webpages, but in this blog entry I am going to dive into the best practices associated with two very important elements: Classes and Ids.
Lets imagine we are developers. Are you imagining? Ok now that we are officially (imaginary) developers, we want to create a webpage so that we can show everyone we know that we really know how to program. To make a website, we have to start by using HTML to make a skeleton of the elements we want our page to have. Let’s create our site with a title, a navigation bar, an image, and a few paragraphs. Each of these elements is surrounded by a unique tag that lets our webpage know how we want the element rendered or shown on screen.
Here is an example of the HTML tags we might use for our site:
Alrighty, now we have the skeleton of our site, but we need to add the skin and makeup. We want our website to look well thought out and put together, not just a page with a bunch of things thrown on it. To “beautify” our page we need to use CSS. You see in the tag that says ‘link’ in our HTML skeleton? That link is telling our HTML to refer to another page (a CSS page we’ve made) for instructions about the style of our page. The CSS page instructs our page on where we want the image to sit, what font we want the title to be, what color we want the entire background to be, and pretty much any other stylistic element you can think of.
Ok Missy, this all sounds good, but what the heck are Classes and ID’s? Well classes and IDs are one way to tell the CSS what part of the HTML to style. By assigning a class or an id to an element, say a paragraph or an image, we can then refer to that element in our CSS document without having to call out each specific element. For example, lets say we want all of our paragraphs to be in white cursive font and 24px size. Instead of calling out each specific paragraph in our HTML file onto our CSS file and giving it a cursive font, white color, and font-size of 24px, we can assign a class to each paragraph tag in the HTML file by labeling each of the paragraph tags class=“class name”. Now in our CSS file we can simply assign all the styles to the whole class instead of each individual element.
This is how it looks in HTML:
This is how the corresponding CSS looks:
Classes can be assigned to as many elements as you like. However sometimes you want to just change one element. This is where IDs come in handy. They are used the exact same way as classes, except they can only be used once. For example if we wanted to make only one paragraph stand out with a little background color, we could assign an ID to that paragraph by adding ID=“ID name” to that paragraph tag in the HTML. Now in our CSS we assign the style to that ID.
Here is how that looks in HTML:
And CSS
*Please note that classes are denoted with a (.) in CSS and IDs are denoted with a (#).*
With the knowledge you have gained reading this blog entry, you now know that you should use classes for items that you will use frequently, as they can be used multiple times in one document. IDs on the other hand are only used for one time instances.
That is it, you are good to go.
melissawimberly signing off...


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Mobile Application Development
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We work with you to focus on the outcomes you want to acheive with your business and gear our development towards improving those outcomes. Whether it's a technology initiative to increase revenue, or identifying how to improve customer retention, we'll work with you to maximize those outcomes.


Meet a partner for your best holiday
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Bradley Hunter
Based in Chicago. I love playing tennis and loud music.
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Lucas Marsha
I get my inspiration form nature and objects around me. I have a passion to colours, typography and skateboards.
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Heather Walker
I'm a happy person that loves cats and climbing on mountains.
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Bradley Hunter
Based in Chicago. I love playing tennis and loud music.


Module: FriendlyId::ActiveRecordAdapter::SluggedModel
- Includes:
- Slugged::Model
- Defined in:
- lib/friendly_id/active_record_adapter/slugged_model.rb
Instance Attribute Summary
Attributes included from Slugged::Model
Class Method Summary (collapse)
Instance Method Summary (collapse)
- - (Object) find_slug(name, sequence)
-
- (Object) to_param
Returns the friendly id, or if none is available, the numeric id.
Methods included from Slugged::Model
#friendly_id, #friendly_id_config, #friendly_id_status, #normalize_friendly_id, #slug?
Class Method Details
+ (Object) included(base)
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 |
# File 'lib/friendly_id/active_record_adapter/slugged_model.rb', line 5 def self.included(base) base.class_eval do has_one :slug, :order => 'id DESC', :as => :sluggable, :dependent => :nullify has_many :slugs, :order => 'id DESC', :as => :sluggable, :dependent => :destroy before_save :build_a_slug after_save :set_slug_cache after_update :update_scope after_update :update_dependent_scopes protect_friendly_id_attributes def slug_with_rails_3_2_patch slug_without_rails_3_2_patch || slugs.first end alias_method_chain :slug, :rails_3_2_patch end end |
Instance Method Details
- (Object) find_slug(name, sequence)
25 26 27 |
# File 'lib/friendly_id/active_record_adapter/slugged_model.rb', line 25 def find_slug(name, sequence) slugs.find_by_name_and_sequence(name, sequence) end |
- (Object) to_param
Returns the friendly id, or if none is available, the numeric id. Note that this method will use the cached_slug value if present, unlike Slugged::Model#friendly_id.
31 32 33 |
# File 'lib/friendly_id/active_record_adapter/slugged_model.rb', line 31 def to_param friendly_id_config.cache_column ? to_param_from_cache : to_param_from_slug end |


Use Cases of the "cycle" Method
June 14, 2015
Enumerables are a collection of classes with methods related to searching, sorting and traversing elements of an array or hash. In each class, successive elements of a collection are made available through the implementation of the each method.
The method cycle - an example of one such method from the enumerable mixin.
cycle
calls the block of code given, for each element, a speficied number of times, cyclically. For example, if cycle is called on the range (1...3)
and specified to undergo two cycles, for the block of code puts x*x
, the method would square each element in the range and then cycle back through and square each element again. The results of this process would be collected into an internal array and printed as 1 4 9 1 4 9
with a return of nil
.
(1..3).cycle(2) {|x| puts x*x}
=> 1, 4, 9, 1, 4, 9
=> nil
If a specification is not made for the number of cycles, then the method will continue forever.
(1..3).cycle {|x| puts x*x}
=> 1, 4, 9, 1, 4, 9, 1, 4, 9, 1, 4, 9, 1, 4, 9, 1, 4, 9, 1, 4, 9, 1, 4, 9 forever...
This infinite loop can be broken by tripping a break statement under certian circumstances. For example, a method could cycle through the months of the year and break when the month of May is encountered like so:
months_year = ["Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"]
months_year.cycle do |mo|
puts mo
break if mo == "May"
end
=> Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May
=> nil
More information on methods like cycle
can be found in the Ruby doc for the Enumerable mixin.


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The Class CameraManager.
Definition at line 22 of file CameraManager.java.
◆ changeExposure()
| boolean patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.changeExposure |
( |
int |
val | ) |
|
|
private |
Change exposure.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
- true, if successful
Definition at line 185 of file CameraManager.java.
◆ doTouchFocus()
| void patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.doTouchFocus |
( |
| ) |
|
◆ initCameraParametersForVideo()
| void patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.initCameraParametersForVideo |
( |
Point |
camera_res | ) |
|
|
private |
Initializes the camera parameters for video.
- Parameters
-
| camera_res | the camera resolution |
Definition at line 215 of file CameraManager.java.
◆ initializeCamera()
| void patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.initializeCamera |
( |
Point |
camera_res, |
|
|
SurfaceTexture |
mSTexture |
|
) |
| |
Initialize camera.
- Parameters
-
| camera_res | the camera resolution |
| mSTexture | the camera surface texture |
Definition at line 40 of file CameraManager.java.
◆ refineExposure()
| void patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.refineExposure |
( |
ColorGridTracker |
mCgTrack | ) |
|
|
private |
Refine exposure.
- Parameters
-
| mCgTrack | the tracker instance |
Definition at line 138 of file CameraManager.java.
◆ scanExposure()
| void patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.scanExposure |
( |
| ) |
|
|
private |
◆ setPatternBoundingBox()
| void patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.setPatternBoundingBox |
( |
ColorGridTracker |
mCgTrack, |
|
|
Point |
camera_res |
|
) |
| |
Sets the pattern bounding box.
- Parameters
-
| mCgTrack | the tracker instance |
| camera_res | the camera resolution |
Definition at line 105 of file CameraManager.java.
◆ updateCameraParams()
| void patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.updateCameraParams |
( |
ColorGridTracker |
mCgTrack, |
|
|
Mat |
origin, |
|
|
Point |
camera_res |
|
) |
| |
Update camera parameters.
- Parameters
-
| mCgTrack | the Tracker instance |
| origin | the origin coordinate |
| camera_res | the camera resolution |
Definition at line 64 of file CameraManager.java.
◆ updateFocus()
| void patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.updateFocus |
( |
ColorGridTracker |
mCgTrack, |
|
|
Mat |
origin, |
|
|
Point |
camera_res |
|
) |
| |
|
private |
Update focus.
- Parameters
-
| mCgTrack | the tracker instance |
| origin | the origin coordinate |
| camera_res | the camera resolution |
Definition at line 171 of file CameraManager.java.
◆ frameNo
| int patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.frameNo |
◆ lastTrackedFrameNo
| int patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.lastTrackedFrameNo |
◆ mCamera
| Camera patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.mCamera |
◆ mExposureChangeDir
| int patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.mExposureChangeDir |
|
private |
Exposure change direction indicating increase or decrease in exposure. 1:increasing -1:decreasing.
Definition at line 30 of file CameraManager.java.
◆ mFocusZ
| float patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.mFocusZ |
|
private |
The z component of the last tracked frame for focus setting.
Definition at line 28 of file CameraManager.java.
◆ patternBoundingBoxLeft
| int patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.patternBoundingBoxLeft |
|
private |
◆ TAG
| final String patterntracker.camera.CameraManager.TAG = "tracker" |
|
private |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- C:/Research/projects/ColorPatternTracker/PatternTracker/app/src/main/java/com/samsung/dtl/patterntracker/camera/CameraManager.java


WARNING: dotOnion IS NOT configured and will not work! Please see the "Settings" tab to configure!
Real IP: Tor IP:
Port:
Host: Port:
dotOnion is a simple tor proxy handler, made for those who just want to access .onion domains, but do not need extra security/privacy.
If you are using dotOnion for privacy, I highly recommend getting the Tor Browser instead.
It is a lot more secure as it does other stuff to protect your privacy, dotOnion is only intended for letting you access tor sites, it doesn't add any security layers.


Ask questions about the core tech here, but not questions about prices or personal questions or GUI and please don't DM JL777.
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artik12329-Apr-19 07:01 PM
was reading this also
great job!
jl777c29-Apr-19 07:02 PM
still only halfway done to catchup with existing stuff
artik12329-Apr-19 07:03 PM
the more I read the more I think many smart people in eos and ethereum are going in the wrong direction
I think that they will fall on the face
jl777c29-Apr-19 07:03 PM
they are too smart and trying to solve a much too difficult problem
EOS isnt a blockchain, so it doesnt really count
artik12329-Apr-19 07:05 PM
was searching here in discord for the term "eos" and saw the article that yo u have shared.... one said that it isn't a blockchain and at the end of the article other said that it is....
hehe
not sure if they re doing cryptographic validations...
jl777c29-Apr-19 07:08 PM
with 21 nodes having 100% total control, it is more a distributed system
artik12329-Apr-19 07:09 PM
yes, but I don't think that end user cares about that...(edited)
anyway both ethereum and eos are going to be very expensive to use... don't think that their model works...
jl777c29-Apr-19 07:12 PM
ends users care about costs and fully decentralized would be the lowest cost, it will take some years to get the user facing GUI to hide the blockchain details, but now the consensus issues are solved, it is just a matter of doing the GUI
artik12329-Apr-19 07:16 PM
what do you think about fees? is there a possibility to get rid of that? komodo is using miners so I guess it won't go off... eventually I think that users don't wish to pay fees for a transaction, and for businesses it can make some inconvenience with accounting
Komodo Platform is starting a weekly briefing on the progress the Komodo Dev Team is making. It's called Tech Tuesday Update. Here's another update!
artik12329-Apr-19 07:17 PM
10x!
artik12329-Apr-19 08:34 PM
@Mylo It also solves an idea that I had many years ago... a decentralized clock! not sure how it's useful though(edited)
1
artik12329-Apr-19 10:06 PM
@jl777c I have a question. lets say someone has a killer app.
why would he want to use Tezos, for example, when he can fork it?
and another question, how is he benefiting from spawning a new Komodo asset chain instead of forking Tezos?(edited)
grewalsatinder30-Apr-19 01:00 AM
World's best 51% security is only with spawning own chain and dPoW it with. No other blockchain gives that level of assurance...(edited)
polycryptoblog30-Apr-19 02:17 AM
1) proof of concepts, application may not need all the functionality and cost of a forked chain. 2) Multiple functionalities that would have be added in or adapted into the forked chain that can be added in very easily with assetchain generation( cryptoconditions ) , also lower overhead for getting a secure blockchain up, DPoW gives the 51% protection , notaries have run nodes which increase decentralization. Also many products essential to getting a coin off the ground are already built around rapid assetchain addition like the multicoin wallet or atomic swaps. Starting a assetchain would put you months ahead in work completed compared to a freshly forked chain
jl777c30-Apr-19 05:52 AM
no idea about tezos, but yes this is open source and why indeed would anybody build on an expensive blockchain and subject to paying that coin as fees forever? with komodo chains they get the best of both worlds, instant jump start to development, unique ability to create a custom consensus baked into the blockchain, and have total control over their coin/project. There is no KMD tax. Asking how KMD benefits without any direct taxation, is like asking how countries with low to no tax end up with a disproportionate amount of business
artik12330-Apr-19 06:16 AM
@grewalsatinder I specifically chose a PoS project.
Lets say average joe doesn't have a clue about crypto attack vectors, he only cares about the cost and he trusts the killer app guy that has a the beginning 100% of the stake.
later on, as the app succeed, app guy holding goes down to lets say 30% (which make it safer for everybody).
People, even in the cryptoworld, already trust PoS systems (with the possibility of 51% attack) with billions of dollars so it's not an issue anymore.
@polycryptoblog forking a coin costs him nothing, PoS nodes also cost almost nothing, he could also fork almost everything he wishes (such as other smart contracts that he needs, explorer etc.)
from a mature ecosystem functionalities, as I replied to grewal it will get more decentralized with time.(edited)
@jl777c It was just an example for a PoS project. thats why I mentioned forking... it's almost costless, he has an instant jump to copy everything he needs from the original project ecosystem for his own project and
also have full control over his project (and no congestions on the blockchain) and low fees. he gets the benefits of a mature ecosystem and no taxations.
I must go now, will be back in a couple of hours
jl777c30-Apr-19 06:28 AM
and an existing project can be cloned, sure, but what is the value in that? if you are making a new custom consensus level change, it makes a new blockchain never existed before and has a unique value add
artik12330-Apr-19 11:24 AM
maybe I misused terms. not sure if I understand your reply.
he clones his chosen popular PoS blockchain project that suites his needs, now he has a fresh new blockchain and as a starting point he gives himself 100% of the coins in the genesis block.
the added value he gets from spawning a new komodo chain with custom consensus level changes is a small in
comparison to the added value he gets from all the coding around mature ecosystem.(edited)
jl777c30-Apr-19 11:25 AM
really?
if you say so. but in general a pure clone have very little value
so yes, you can make a pure clone as anybody else can and have something without much value
artik12330-Apr-19 11:27 AM
true, the clone doesn't have a value, but his killer app has a all the value(edited)
jl777c30-Apr-19 11:28 AM
in that case it wont matter what his starting point is
the key is how much work is it to make such a killer app
i claim that by making a new CC, you can create a killer app and have it embedded in a dedicated chain
artik12330-Apr-19 11:29 AM
his killer app could be a small smart contract for example lottery
jl777c30-Apr-19 11:29 AM
which issues native coins that are unique
artik12330-Apr-19 11:29 AM
it's exactly what I mean.... now he has a dedicated chain for his killer app
jl777c30-Apr-19 11:29 AM
a lotter smart contract on top of a cloned infrastructure will have large value?
artik12330-Apr-19 11:30 AM
yes, why not?
jl777c30-Apr-19 11:30 AM
ok, if you want to make up fantasy scenarios, you are welcome to
artik12330-Apr-19 11:31 AM
all he needs is good marketing... and small development
jl777c30-Apr-19 11:31 AM
a dapp running on a cloned infrastructure you claim will have more value that a dedicated chain with the dapp logic as part of the chain consensus
artik12330-Apr-19 11:32 AM
what is the difference for end user?
end user doesn't care about that
amazon is also centralized
jl777c30-Apr-19 11:35 AM
@artik123 if centralization doesnt matter, just make a website, dont worry about blockchain
2
and if you think that replicating the entire infrastructure for an existing coin is just as easy as making a runtime fork with a dynamic CC, then go for it
but if you have the frame of mind that with one magic want you can replicate the entire infrastructure of an ecosystem and solve any and all issues that will inevetably happen, it seems we disagree. it is a lot of work, but if you also believe that users wont care about centralization, then all this is moot
artik12330-Apr-19 11:38 AM
maybe I'm missing something. with a decentralized app he could have the lowest margins for himself, even if he controls 100% of the coins at the beginning
jl777c30-Apr-19 11:38 AM
how can 0 be lower than 0?
with a komodo chain, all the margins are for the magical dapp creator as there is no KMD tax
so the question is if it really is 0 cost to clone some platform
chainlizard allows to spawn a customized new chain in minutes and is part of how komodo is designed
likely other chains are not designed to be so easily forked and maybe it ends up being a bit more difficult than copy/paste. then what do you do?
artik12330-Apr-19 11:41 AM
"but if you also believe that users wont care about centralization, then all this is moot" - we already said that the user most care about the cost not centralization
jl777c30-Apr-19 11:43 AM
cost will be the same using komodo or a cloned system (assuming there is zero cost to clone it)
since it is 0 cost to clone tezos, can you make one for 1 KMD?
artik12330-Apr-19 11:44 AM
he doesn't need to clone the whole infrastructure... just the blockchain and other specific things that he needs for his project.
others raised multi million ICO and developed projects, and he only needs to use their code for the things he needs to his advantage.
they will keep developing and he will keep update his software from their code base(edited)
"likely other chains are not designed to be so easily forked and maybe it ends up being a bit more difficult than copy/paste. then what do you do?" - bitcoin already has at the moment blockchain generators... others will probably have it also... entry level will probably go down
artik12330-Apr-19 12:04 PM
If someone wants to have a PoW blockchain I can see why he should use komodo (security), but if he wants PoS, I don't don't see a reason
to use komodo nor the original multimillion mature PoS blockchain project when someone develops a tweakable zero cost blockchain generators of them.(edited)
artik12330-Apr-19 12:39 PM
"So, your point was?" - read again the thread... why would he choose komodo,
which is primary PoW system over an original PoS project ecosystem that raised $1b with hundreds or even thousands of developers, which he can choose and use their code? - it doesn't make sense(edited)
don't know what exactly the problem of komodo but an easy working gui for all products and good marketing could help alot
ok, if you say
I do understand low level stuff... I'm a programmer and worked many years on low level embedded systems...
Read writing from jl777 on Medium. https://github.com/jl777. Every day, jl777 and thousands of other voices read, write, and share important stories on Medium.
do other platforms have a quantum resistant signature module?
1
artik12330-Apr-19 12:56 PM
"do other platforms have a quantum resistant signature module?" - it's a technical issue not a political one... is it hard to implement it in other blockchains?
jl777c30-Apr-19 12:57 PM
just copy and paste the code, i am sure it will just work with any blockchain
all code is perfectly easy to mix and match, especially blockchain consensus code
is that what you are thinking?
artik12330-Apr-19 12:58 PM
just asking... because I know you have implemented it in a couple of days
jl777c30-Apr-19 12:58 PM
and why are you dismissive of technical issues? when we are talking about technical costs?
artik12330-Apr-19 12:58 PM
I'm not dismissive
jl777c30-Apr-19 12:59 PM
there is a quantum resistant chain QRL that has in its roadmap to get dilithium added to it, maybe in a year, not sure the details but it is most definitely not easy to change blockchain consensus
once it becomes politics you cant even change the blocksize, when it is changing a #define
I am talking only about technical issues
if you are swayed by political issues and will believe whatever somebody else is saying, then why to bother with analyzing anything
artik12330-Apr-19 01:01 PM
so komodo chain is more modular to add new tech as with new tweakable parameters?
jl777c30-Apr-19 01:01 PM
you havent been understanding what I have been saying all this time?
CC is designed to modify blockchains at the consensus level
and it is 100x more efficient than other ways
what I did in a weekend would maybe take a year or more in other chains
or forever
artik12330-Apr-19 01:05 PM
everyone cares about brand not only investors.... komodo worth over $100m


IoT Coffee Maker |
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Purple Software Ltd. |
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Submit the request as-is, or enter some custom headers. All headers the server actually receives will be displayed in the results.
* Duplicate header values are always combined client-side.
Request headers the server saw:
| {{ this.name }} | {{ this.value }} |
Response headers received by client:
| {{ this.name }} | {{ this.value }} |


Unlike Ruby and some other object-oriented languages, there are no classes in JavaScript. However, it is still possible to define and instantiate objects that are kind of the same. Class-like if you like!
Let's imagine that we program a game where fighters would attack each other until one dies. For this, we would want to define a class from which we can create multiple fighters.
In Ruby, we could start defining our class as follows.
class Fighter
def initialize(health, power)
@health = health
@power = power
end
end
And we can now create our fighters:
knight = Fighter.new(100, 30)
dragon = Fighter.new(300, 10)
In JavaScript, we would leverage a constructor function for our class.
function Fighter(health, power) {
this.health = health;
this.power = power;
}
And we can now create our fighters.
var knight = new Fighter(100, 30);
var dragon = new Fighter(300, 10);
In Ruby, we could then add some methods to our class as follows.
class Fighter
attr_accessor :health
def initialize(health, power)
@health = health
@power = power
end
def live
if @health > 0
return true
end
return false
end
def attack(fighter)
fighter.health -= (rand(2) + 1) * @power
fighter.health = [0, fighter.health].max
end
end
And we can now use our fighter methods to fight until one dies.
knight = Fighter.new(100, 30)
dragon = Fighter.new(300, 10)
while knight.live && dragon.live
dragon.attack(knight)
knight.attack(dragon)
puts "Knight's health = #{knight.health}"
puts "Dragon's health = #{dragon.health}"
end
In JavaScript, we could add the same methods to our "class" (aka constructor function) as follows.
function Fighter(health, power) {
this.health = health;
this.power = power;
this.live = function() {
if (this.health > 0) {
return true;
}
return false;
};
this.attack = function(fighter) {
fighter.health -= Math.floor(Math.random() * 2 + 1) * this.power;
fighter.health = Math.max(0, fighter.health);
};
}
Better yet, we could add the same methods to the prototype property of our constructor function (aka "class"). It is less expensive because the methods are not recreated everytime we create a new object.
function Fighter(health, power) {
this.health = health;
this.power = power;
}
Fighter.prototype.live = function() {
if (this.health > 0) {
return true;
}
return false;
};
Fighter.prototype.attack = function(fighter) {
fighter.health -= Math.floor(Math.random() * 2 + 1) * this.power;
fighter.health = Math.max(0, fighter.health);
};
In both cases, we can now use our fighter methods to fight until one dies as follows.
var knight = new Fighter(100, 30);
var dragon = new Fighter(300, 10);
while (knight.live() && dragon.live()) {
dragon.attack(knight);
knight.attack(dragon);
console.log("Knight's health = ", knight.health);
console.log("Dragon's health = ", dragon.health);
}
If you read this far, you should now remember that:
- Classes are first-class objects in Ruby
- Functions are first-class objects in JavaScript


Governs the way tokens are searched & replaced during the linking stage of ICSS loading.
This is broken into its own module in case the behaviour needs to be replicated in other PostCSS plugins (i.e. CSS Modules Constants)
js
import replaceSymbols from "icss-replace-symbols"
replaceSymbols(css, translations)
Where:
css
is the PostCSS tree you’re working withtranslations
is an JS object of symbol: "replacement"
pairs, where all occurrences of symbol
are replaced with replacement
.A symbol is a string of alphanumeric, -
or _
characters. A replacement can be any string. They are replaced in the following places:
color: my_symbol;
or box-shadow: 0 0 blur spread shadow-color
@media small {}
or @media screen and not-large {}
ISC
Glen Maddern, 2015.


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about us
some words about us
We love building and rebuilding brands through our specific skills. Using colour, fonts, and illustration, we brand companies in a way they will never forget.
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5
admin
Dashboard
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Utilities
<
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index.html


import abc
import logging
import typing
from . import log
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from . import state # noqa: F401
[docs]class BaseHook(abc.ABC):
"""
Interface that must be implemented to satisfy naz's hooks.
User implementations should inherit this class and
implement the :func:`to_smsc <BaseHook.to_smsc>` and :func:`from_smsc <BaseHook.from_smsc>` methods with the type signatures shown.
A hook is class with methods that are called just before sending data to SMSC and just after receiving data from SMSC.
"""
[docs] @abc.abstractmethod
async def to_smsc(self, smpp_command: str, log_id: str, hook_metadata: str, pdu: bytes) -> None:
"""
called before sending data to SMSC.
Parameters:
smpp_command: any one of the SMSC commands eg submit_sm
log_id: an ID that a user's application had previously supplied to naz to track/correlate different messages.
hook_metadata: a string that a user's application had previously supplied to naz that it may want to be correlated with the log_id.
pdu: the full PDU as sent to SMSC
"""
raise NotImplementedError("to_smsc method must be implemented.")
[docs] @abc.abstractmethod
async def from_smsc(
self,
smpp_command: str,
log_id: str,
hook_metadata: str,
status: "state.CommandStatus",
pdu: bytes,
) -> None:
"""
called after receiving data from SMSC.
Parameters:
smpp_command: any one of the SMSC commands eg submit_sm_resp
log_id: an ID that a user's application had previously supplied to naz to track/correlate different messages.
hook_metadata: a string that a user's application had previously supplied to naz that it may want to be correlated with the log_id.
status: the state of request/response from SMSC.
pdu: the full PDU as received from SMSC
"""
raise NotImplementedError("from_smsc method must be implemented.")
[docs]class SimpleHook(BaseHook):
"""
This is an implementation of BaseHook.
When this class is called by naz, it just logs the request or response.
"""
[docs] def __init__(self, logger: typing.Union[None, logging.Logger] = None) -> None:
if not isinstance(logger, (type(None), logging.Logger)):
raise ValueError(
"`logger` should be of type:: `None` or `logging.Logger` You entered: {0}".format(
type(logger)
)
)
if logger is not None:
self.logger = logger
else:
self.logger = log.SimpleLogger("naz.SimpleHook")
[docs] async def to_smsc(self, smpp_command: str, log_id: str, hook_metadata: str, pdu: bytes) -> None:
self.logger.log(
logging.NOTSET,
{
"event": "naz.SimpleHook.to_smsc",
"stage": "start",
"smpp_command": smpp_command,
"log_id": log_id,
"hook_metadata": hook_metadata,
# SimpleLogger cant log bytes(pdu)
},
)
[docs] async def from_smsc(
self,
smpp_command: str,
log_id: str,
hook_metadata: str,
status: "state.CommandStatus",
pdu: bytes,
) -> None:
self.logger.log(
logging.NOTSET,
{
"event": "naz.SimpleHook.from_smsc",
"stage": "start",
"smpp_command": smpp_command,
"log_id": log_id,
"hook_metadata": hook_metadata,
"status": status.description,
},
)


Error: please Enter Your Name
Error: Username must be larger than 3 characters
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Error: please Enter Your Message
Error: Your Message must be larger than 9 characters


Tags: music and stuff
Midwife - Luminol
Best sadcore album I’ve heard this year. My wife likes it as well.
Release date: 2021-07-16
[8.8/10]
Bvdub - Ten Times The World Lied
<3 <3 <3
Release date: 2020-04-03
[8.7/10]
Skee Mask - Pool
Awesome IDM / dub techno.
Release date: 2021-07-23
[8.7/10]
Don’t DJ, NWAQ - Fashion
Subterranean club music. I dig it.
Release date: 2020-12-15
[8.6/10]
WasWaas - Antidote
Minimal techno / ambient. I like every track on this EP.
Release date: 2021-01-07
[8.4/10]
Malcolm Pardon - Hello Death
Somber keyboard music. I know they’re very different, but I kind of feel like this and Masayoshi Fujita’s Apologue both have the same solemn, nostalgic mood going on. Good stuff.
Release date: 2021-04-16
[8.4/10]
Perila - How Much Time It Is Between You And Me?
Museum music. More specifically, the soundtrack to a documentary piece you see in the art museum, the piece being about some extremely slow movements, viewed from infinitely many perspectives. Chilling music.
Release date: 2021-06-25
[8.3/10]
Turinn - 18 1/2 Minute Gaps
Mystical techno. Sounds like Burial meets JK Flesh.
Release date: 2017-02-17
[8.3/10]
Tyler, The Creator - Call Me If You Get Lost
Overall this is a pretty solid album. I like the tracks that have elevator music-ish instrumentals the best. Haven’t really listened to Igor so don’t know how this one holds up against it though.
Release date: 2021-06-25
[8.2/10]
Pan Daijing - Jade
I find this to be more easily approachable than 2017’s Lack. Gothic experimental opera music?
Release date: 2020-07-24
[8.2/10]
Perila - Everything Is Already There
This one is pretty dope too.
Release date: 2021-06-18
[8.2/10]
bdrmm - Bedroom
Nowadays it’s difficult to come by a quality shoegaze record that doesn’t repeat what has already been done billions of others… This is one of those good shoegaze albums.
Release date: 2017-06-16
[8.2/10]
Tangents - Stateless
Jazz / IDM. Kinda reminds me of Tortoise’s stuff, although they’re actually completely different…
Release date: 2007-06-25
[8.1/10]
Dos Monos - Dos Siki 2nd Season
Even Jazz Dommunisters is on this EP… dope. Hopefully they do a full-length instead of pumping out a EP once in a while.
Release date: 2021-07-23
[8.0/10]
Satomimagae - Hanazono
Ambient / indie-folk. Very reverb heavy, kind of reminds me of Julianna Barwick (well kind of…)
Release date: 2021-04-23
[7.8/10]
Salamanda - Glass Cage
New-age music from Korea. Is actually pretty nice!
Release date: 2006-01-01
[7.8/10]
Claire Rousay - A Softer Focus
Soothing field recording / minimal ambient music.
Release date: 2021-04-09
[7.7/10]
Fatima Al Qadiri - Medieval Femme
Not really digging her stuff from before, although Spotify says I will like her stuff if I enjoy Sophie. This one is mystical and much less of a (hyper)pop album compared to her previous albums, it presents a sparse, semi-deserted ancient city (not sure if it made sense), thanks to the ghostly synth sounds and vocal samples drenched in heavy reverb.
Release date: 2021-05-14
[7.7/10]
Mica Levi - Blue Alibi
I don’t know why but I always confuse Mica Levi with Octa Octa… this is left field indie rock + ghostly human voices. Kind of like a less pop focused Dean Blunt. Nothing like Octa Octa…
Release date: 2021-01-27
[7.7/10]
Lilla - Soundness Of Mind
Meditative new-age electronic music. These two dudes met in a Zen monastary… Very oriental sounding at times.
Release date: 2021-06-25
[7.6/10]
Ambrose Akinmusire - On The Tender Spot Of Every Calloused Moment
Modern jazz music. I appreciate the more chaotic, more free-jazz-ish tracks like Tide of Hyacinth than the other ones.
Release date: 2020-06-12
[7.5/10]
Panopticon - … And Again Into The Light
Some songs sound like he’s been listening to Heaven In Her Arms quite a bit… this one feels more influenced by folk metal and melodic death compared to say Kentucky or Roads To The North.
Release date: 2021-05-15
[7.5/10]
The Field Mice - Snowball
Jangle pop.
Release date: 1989-01-01
[7.4/10]
Wanton Witch - Wanton Witch
Industrial techno / hardcore from Bangkok. I guess this is something that would be much more impressive if played through high quality PA system in a club or livehouse than my bluetooth speakers…
Release date: 2021-06-04
[7.3/10]
Pom Poko - Cheater
Art rock / post-punk. Angular guitar tones and hyper energetic vocals. I found this band after I watch the movie Pom Poko, sick anime movie…
Release date: 2021-01-15
[7.2/10]
Eli Keszler - Icons
Dark jazz. While this album is more structured in terms of songwriting, it is much less exciting compared to his previous album.
Release date: 2021-06-25
[7.0/10]
Yoshinori Hayashi - Pulse Of Defiance
Techno. Pretty diverse album in terms of musical style and texture, or you could say it kind of lacks focus, which is sort of how I feel about this album.
Release date: 2021-04-09
[7.0/10]
Spellling - The Turning Wheel
Gothic synthpop. Sounds like classic Disney cartoons from the 90s. Or a more rock-oriented Kate Bush.
Release date: 2021-06-25
[7.0/10]
Moin - Moot!
Math rock. I am not a huge fan of the drums on this album - it could have been done in a much more subtle way. Now it’s way too full and kind of distracting.
Release date: 2021-03-31
[6.8/10]
Suzanne Kraft - About You
Dream pop. Feels kinda generic…
Release date: 2021-03-31
[6.5/10]
Ann Margaret Hogan - Funeral Cargo
Modern classical. Richard Clayderman does soundtrack for Red Dead Redemption.
Release date: 2021-05-28
[6.3/10]
Hightide Hotel - Naturally
I am too old for punk rock. I prefer Nothing Was Missing, Except Me to this one.
Release date: 2014-09-16
[6.3/10]
Year Of No Light - Consolamentum
It’s either this album simply isn’t that good, or I just no longer enjoy post-metal anymore… Every song on this album sounds the same, and the riffs aren’t really heavy.
Release date: 2021-07-02
[6.1/10]
Comments


Hub Name
DeviceId
DeviceKey
Model Id
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In pictures: England agony as South Africa win Rugby World Cup
England’s dreams ended in tears on Saturday, with South Africa winning the Rugby World Cup final.
The Springboks beat England 32-12 at the International Stadium Yokohama, in a thrilling finale.
Fans flocked to pubs across the country to enjoy the game – but ultimately were left drowning their sorrows.


public class WriteOptions
extends java.lang.Object
implements java.lang.Cloneable
When performing a 'put' operation, a TTL may be specified using
setTTL(int, TimeUnit)
or setTTL(int)
.
By default, the TTL property is zero, meaning there is no automatic
expiration. A non-zero TTL may be specified to cause an inserted record
to expire. The expiration time may also be changed for an existing
record by updating the record and specifying a different TTL, including
specifying zero to prevent the record from expiring. However, the TTL of
an existing record is updated only if setUpdateTTL(boolean)
is
explicitly set to true. When deleting a record, the TTL parameter is
ignored.
Records expire on day or hour boundaries, depending on the timeUnit
parameter. At the time of the write operation, the TTL
parameter is used to compute the record's expiration time by first
converting it from days (or hours) to milliseconds, and then adding it
to the current system time. If the resulting expiration time is not
evenly divisible by the number of milliseconds in one day (or hour), it
is rounded up to the nearest day (or hour).
Passing TimeUnit.DAYS, rather than TimeUnit.HOURS, for the timeUnit parameter is recommended to minimize storage requirements (memory and disk). Because the expiration time is stored in the JE Btree internally, when using the TTL feature, the additional memory and disk space required for storing Btree internal nodes (INs) is twice as much when using TimeUnit.HOURS as when using TimeUnit.DAYS. Using TimeUnit.DAYS adds about 5% to the space needed for INs, while TimeUnit.HOURS adds about 10%.
Note that JE stores the expiration time of the record and not the
original TTL value that was specified. The expiration time of a record
is available when reading (or writing) records via OperationResult.getExpirationTime()
.
A summary of the behavior of expired records is as follows.
A more detailed description is below, including some information on how expired records are handled internally.
EnvironmentConfig.CLEANER_MIN_UTILIZATION
threshold, as usual,
but taking into account expired data; andpartial
'data'
parameter), the operation may fail (return null)
because the pre-existing data cannot be read.
SecondaryIntegrityException
, as
would normally happen when an expected associated record is
missing.
foreign key
database
, the foreign key delete
action
will not be enforced. Therefore, setting a TTL for a
record in a foreign key database is not recommended. The same
is true when using the DPL and a foreign key database is
specified using SecondaryKey.relatedEntity()
.
EnvironmentConfig.ENV_TTL_CLOCK_TOLERANCE
(two hours, by default), JE treats the record as deleted and no
exception is thrown.
When an integrity error does cause an exception to be thrown, the record's expiration time will be included in the exception message and this can help to diagnose the problem. This includes the following exceptions:
SecondaryIntegrityException
EnvironmentFailureException
with
LOG_FILE_NOT_FOUND in the message.In cases where the clock has been changed by more than one hour
and integrity exceptions occur because of this, it may be possible
to avoid the exceptions by setting the EnvironmentConfig.ENV_TTL_CLOCK_TOLERANCE
configuration parameter
to a larger value.
In order to use the TTL feature in a ReplicatedEnvironment, all nodes must be upgraded to JE 7.0 or later. If one or more nodes in a group uses an earlier version, an IllegalStateException will be thrown when attempting a put operation with a non-zero TTL. Also, once records with a non-zero TTL have been written, a node using an earlier version of JE may not join the group; if this is attempted, the node will fail during open with an EnvironmentFailureException.
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
WriteOptions()
Constructs a WriteOptions object with default values for all properties.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
WriteOptions |
clone() |
CacheMode |
getCacheMode()
Returns the
CacheMode to be used for the operation, or null
if the Cursor, Database or Environment default will be used. |
int |
getTTL()
Returns the Time-To-Live property for a 'put' operation.
|
java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit |
getTTLUnit()
Returns the Time-To-Live time unit for a 'put' operation.
|
boolean |
getUpdateTTL()
Returns the update-TTL property for a 'put' operation.
|
WriteOptions |
setCacheMode(CacheMode cacheMode)
Sets the
CacheMode to be used for the operation. |
WriteOptions |
setExpirationTime(long expirationTime,
java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit timeUnit)
A convenience method to set the TTL based on a given expiration time
and the current system time.
|
WriteOptions |
setTTL(int ttl)
Sets the Time-To-Live property for a 'put' operation, using
TimeUnit.Days as the TTL unit. |
WriteOptions |
setTTL(int ttl,
java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit timeUnit)
Sets the Time-To-Live property for a 'put' operation, using the given
TimeUnit . |
WriteOptions |
setUpdateTTL(boolean updateTtl)
Sets the update-TTL property for a 'put' operation.
|
public WriteOptions()
public WriteOptions clone()
clone
in class java.lang.Object
public WriteOptions setCacheMode(CacheMode cacheMode)
CacheMode
to be used for the operation.
By default this property is null, meaning that the default specified
using Cursor.setCacheMode(com.sleepycat.je.CacheMode)
,
DatabaseConfig.setCacheMode(com.sleepycat.je.CacheMode)
or
EnvironmentMutableConfig.setCacheMode(com.sleepycat.je.CacheMode)
will be used.
cacheMode
- is the CacheMode
used for the operation, or
null to use the Cursor, Database or Environment default.public CacheMode getCacheMode()
CacheMode
to be used for the operation, or null
if the Cursor, Database or Environment default will be used.setCacheMode(CacheMode)
public WriteOptions setTTL(int ttl)
TimeUnit.Days
as the TTL unit.ttl
- the number of days after the current time on which
the record will automatically expire, or zero for no automatic
expiration. May not be negative.public WriteOptions setTTL(int ttl, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit timeUnit)
TimeUnit
.ttl
- the number of days or hours after the current time on which
the record will automatically expire, or zero for no automatic
expiration. May not be negative.timeUnit
- is TimeUnit.DAYS or TimeUnit.HOURS. TimeUnit.DAYS is
recommended to minimize storage requirements (memory and disk).public int getTTL()
setTTL(int)
public java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit getTTLUnit()
setTTL(int, TimeUnit)
public WriteOptions setUpdateTTL(boolean updateTtl)
If this property is true and the operation updates a record, the specified TTL will be used to assign a new expiration time for the record, or to clear the record's expiration time if the specified TTL is zero.
If this parameter is false and the operation updates a record, the record's expiration time will not be changed.
If the operation inserts a record, this parameter is ignored and the specified TTL is always applied.
By default, this property is false.
updateTtl
- is whether to assign (or clear) the expiration time
when updating an existing record.public boolean getUpdateTTL()
setUpdateTTL(boolean)
public WriteOptions setExpirationTime(long expirationTime, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit timeUnit)
Given a desired expiration time and TimeUnit
(DAYS or HOURS),
sets the TTL to a value that will cause a record to expire at or after
the given time, if the record is stored at the current time. The
intended use case is to determine the TTL when writing a record and the
desired expiration time, rather than the TTL, is known.
This method determines the TTL by taking the difference between the current time and the given time, converting it from milliseconds to days (or hours), and rounding up if it is not evenly divisible by the number of milliseconds in one day (or hour).
A special use case is when the expiration time was previously obtained
from OperationResult.getExpirationTime()
, for example, when
performing an export followed by an import. To support this, null can be
passed for the timeUnit parameter and the time unit will be determined
as follows.
OperationResult.getExpirationTime()
, then it will be
evenly divisible by the number of milliseconds in one hour and no
rounding will occur.DAYS
is used; otherwise, HOURS
is used. For example,
when performing an import, if the original expiration time was
specified in DAYS
, and obtained by calling
OperationResult.getExpirationTime()
, the unit derived by this
method will also be DAYS
.
Note that when a particular time unit is desired, null should not be
passed for the timeUnit parameter. Normally TimeUnit.DAYS
is
recommended instead of TimeUnit.HOURS
, to minimize storage
requirements (memory and disk). When the desired unit is known, the unit
should be passed explicitly.
expirationTime
- is the desired expiration time in milliseconds
(UTC), or zero for no automatic expiration.timeUnit
- is TimeUnit.DAYS
or TimeUnit.HOURS
, or
null to derive the time unit as described above.java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if ttlUnits is not DAYS, HOURS or null.Copyright (c) 2002, 2017 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.