| Constructor and Description |
|---|
SigmaProver(Channel channel,
SigmaProverComputation proverComputation)
Constructor that sets the given channel and sigmaProverComputation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaANDProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
SigmaANDProverComputation(java.util.ArrayList<SigmaProverComputation> provers,
int t,
java.security.SecureRandom random)
Constructor that sets the underlying provers.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaCramerShoupEncryptedValueProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaDJEncryptedValueProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaDJEncryptedZeroProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaDJKnowledgeProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaDJProductProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaDHProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaDHExtendedProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaDHExtendedStatisticalProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaDlogProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaElGamalCmtKnowledgeProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaElGamalCommittedValueProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaElGamalEncryptedValueProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaElGamalPrivateKeyProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaORMultipleProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
SigmaORMultipleProverComputation(java.util.Hashtable<java.lang.Integer,SigmaProverComputation> provers,
java.util.Hashtable<java.lang.Integer,SigmaSimulator> simulators,
int t,
java.security.SecureRandom random)
Constructor that gets the underlying provers.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaORTwoProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
SigmaORTwoProverComputation(SigmaProverComputation prover,
SigmaSimulator simulator,
int t,
java.security.SecureRandom random)
Constructor that gets the underlying provers.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaPedersenCmtKnowledgeProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SigmaPedersenCommittedValueProverComputation
Concrete implementation of Sigma Protocol prover computation.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
ZKFromSigmaProver(Channel channel,
SigmaProverComputation sProver)
Constructor that accepts the underlying channel, sigma protocol's prover and sets default commitment's receiver.
|
ZKFromSigmaProver(Channel channel,
SigmaProverComputation sProver,
CmtReceiver receiver)
Constructor that accepts the underlying channel, sigma protocol's prover and commitment's receiver to use.
|
ZKPOKFiatShamirFromSigmaProver(Channel channel,
SigmaProverComputation sProver)
Constructor that accepts the underlying channel, sigma protocol's prover and sets default random oracle.
|
ZKPOKFiatShamirFromSigmaProver(Channel channel,
SigmaProverComputation sProver,
RandomOracle ro)
Constructor that accepts the underlying channel, sigma protocol's prover and random oracle to use.
|
ZKPOKFromSigmaCmtPedersenProver(Channel channel,
SigmaProverComputation sProver)
Constructor that accepts the underlying channel and sigma protocol's prover.
|


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: OneWayBinding author: display_name: Tomas Restrepo login: tomasr email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: http://winterdom.com/ author_login: tomasr author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://winterdom.com/ wordpress_id: 583 wordpress_url: http://winterdom.com/2007/08/onewaybinding date: '2007-08-28 20:33:46 +0000' date_gmt: '2007-08-28 20:33:46 +0000' categories: - WCF tags: [] comments: [] ---
After writing my last post, I realized that an even better way to do this is to actually formalize the binding as a custom binding:
public class OneWayBinding : CustomBinding
{
public OneWayBinding(Binding baseBinding)
: base(baseBinding)
{
}
public override BindingElementCollection CreateBindingElements()
{
BindingElementCollection bec = base.CreateBindingElements();
bec.Insert(0, new OneWayBindingElement());
return bec;
}
}
Then you can simply say:
CustomBinding binding = new OneWayBinding(new NetTcpBinding());


gitweb - Git web interface (web frontend to Git repositories)
To get started with gitweb, run git-instaweb(1) from a Git repository. This would configure and start your web server, and run web browser pointing to gitweb.
Gitweb provides a web interface to Git repositories. Its features include:
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
Viewing multiple Git repositories with common root.
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Browsing every revision of the repository.
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Viewing the contents of files in the repository at any revision.
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Viewing the revision log of branches, history of files and directories, see what was changed when, by who.
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Viewing the blame/annotation details of any file (if enabled).
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
Generating RSS and Atom feeds of commits, for any branch. The feeds are auto-discoverable in modern web browsers.
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
Viewing everything that was changed in a revision, and step through revisions one at a time, viewing the history of the repository.
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
Finding commits which commit messages matches given search term.
See m[blue]http://git.kernel.org/?p=git/git.git;a=tree;f=gitwebmhttp://repo.or.cz/w/git.git/tree/HEAD:/gitweb/ or m[blue][]m[] for gitweb source code, browsed using gitweb itself.
Various aspects of gitweb(cqs behavior can be controlled through the configuration file gitweb_config.perl or /etc/gitweb.conf. See the gitweb.conf(5) for details.
Gitweb can show information from one or more Git repositories. These repositories have to be all on local filesystem, and have to share common repository root, i.e. be all under a single parent repository (but see also "Advanced web server setup" section, "Webserver configuration with multiple projects*(Aq root" subsection).
our $projectroot = *(Aq/path/to/parent/directory*(Aq;
The default value for $projectroot is /pub/git. You can change it during building gitweb via GITWEB_PROJECTROOT build configuration variable.
By default all Git repositories under $projectroot are visible and available to gitweb. The list of projects is generated by default by scanning the $projectroot directory for Git repositories (for object databases to be more exact; gitweb is not interested in a working area, and is best suited to showing "bare" repositories).
The name of the repository in gitweb is the path to its $GIT_DIR (its object database) relative to $projectroot. Therefore the repository $repo can be found at "$projectroot/$repo".
Instead of having gitweb find repositories by scanning filesystem starting from $projectroot, you can provide a pre-generated list of visible projects by setting $projects_list to point to a plain text file with a list of projects (with some additional info).
This file uses the following format:
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One record (for project / repository) per line; does not support line continuation (newline escaping).
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Leading and trailing whitespace are ignored.
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Whitespace separated fields; any run of whitespace can be used as field separator (rules for Perl(cqs "split(" ", $line)").
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Fields use modified URI encoding, defined in RFC 3986, section 2.1 (Percent-Encoding), or rather "Query string encoding" (see m[blue]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_string#URL_encodingm[]), the difference being that SP (" ") can be encoded as "+" (and therefore "+" has to be also percent-encoded).
Reserved characters are: "%" (used for encoding), "+" (can be used to encode SPACE), all whitespace characters as defined in Perl, including SP, TAB and LF, (used to separate fields in a record).
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
Currently recognized fields are:
<repository path>
path to repository GIT_DIR, relative to $projectroot
<repository owner>
displayed as repository owner, preferably full name, or email, or both
You can generate the projects list index file using the project_index action (the TXT link on projects list page) directly from gitweb; see also "Generating projects list using gitweb" section below.
Example contents:
foo.git<EMAIL_ADDRESS>foo/bar.git<EMAIL_ADDRESS>By default this file controls only which projects are visible on projects list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized Git repositories won(cqt be displayed by gitweb). Even if a project is not visible on projects list page, you can view it nevertheless by hand-crafting a gitweb URL. By setting $strict_export configuration variable (see gitweb.conf(5)) to true value you can allow viewing only of repositories also shown on the overview page (i.e. only projects explicitly listed in projects list file will be accessible).
We assume that GITWEB_CONFIG has its default Makefile value, namely gitweb_config.perl. Put the following in gitweb_make_index.perl file:
read_config_file("gitweb_config.perl"); $projects_list = $projectroot;
Then create the following script to get list of project in the format suitable for GITWEB_LIST build configuration variable (or $projects_list variable in gitweb config):
#!/bin/sh export GITWEB_CONFIG="gitweb_make_index.perl" export GATEWAY_INTERFACE="CGI/1.1" export HTTP_ACCEPT="*/*" export REQUEST_METHOD="GET" export QUERY_STRING="a=project_index" perl -- /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi
Run this script and save its output to a file. This file could then be used as projects list file, which means that you can set $projects_list to its filename.
By default all Git repositories under $projectroot are visible and available to gitweb. You can however configure how gitweb controls access to repositories.
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
As described in "Projects list file format" section, you can control which projects are visible by selectively including repositories in projects list file, and setting $projects_list gitweb configuration variable to point to it. With $strict_export set, projects list file can be used to control which repositories are available as well.
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
You can configure gitweb to only list and allow viewing of the explicitly exported repositories, via $export_ok variable in gitweb config file; see gitweb.conf(5) manpage. If it evaluates to true, gitweb shows repositories only if this file named by $export_ok exists in its object database (if directory has the magic file named $export_ok).
For example git-daemon(1) by default (unless --export-all option is used) allows pulling only for those repositories that have git-daemon-export-ok file. Adding
our $export_ok = "git-daemon-export-ok";
makes gitweb show and allow access only to those repositories that can be fetched from via git:// protocol.
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
Finally, it is possible to specify an arbitrary perl subroutine that will be called for each repository to determine if it can be exported. The subroutine receives an absolute path to the project (repository) as its only parameter (i.e. "$projectroot/$project").
For example, if you use mod_perl to run the script, and have dumb HTTP protocol authentication configured for your repositories, you can use the following hook to allow access only if the user is authorized to read the files:
$export_auth_hook = sub { use Apache2::SubRequest (); use Apache2::Const -compile => qw(HTTP_OK); my $path = "$_[0]/HEAD"; my $r = Apache2::RequestUtil->request; my $sub = $r->lookup_file($path); return $sub->filename eq $path && $sub->status == Apache2::Const::HTTP_OK; };
You can configure individual repositories shown in gitweb by creating file in the GIT_DIR of Git repository, or by setting some repo configuration variable (in GIT_DIR/config, see git-config(1)).
You can use the following files in repository:
README.html
A html file (HTML fragment) which is included on the gitweb project "summary" page inside <div> block element. You can use it for longer description of a project, to provide links (for example to project(cqs homepage), etc. This is recognized only if XSS prevention is off ($prevent_xss is false, see gitweb.conf(5)); a way to include a README safely when XSS prevention is on may be worked out in the future.
description (or gitweb.description)
Short (shortened to $projects_list_description_width in the projects list page, which is 25 characters by default; see gitweb.conf(5)) single line description of a project (of a repository). Plain text file; HTML will be escaped. By default set to
Unnamed repository; edit this file to name it for gitweb.
from the template during repository creation, usually installed in /usr/share/git-core/templates/. You can use the gitweb.description repo configuration variable, but the file takes precedence.
category (or gitweb.category)
Singe line category of a project, used to group projects if $projects_list_group_categories is enabled. By default (file and configuration variable absent), uncategorized projects are put in the $project_list_default_category category. You can use the gitweb.category repo configuration variable, but the file takes precedence.
The configuration variables $projects_list_group_categories and $project_list_default_category are described in gitweb.conf(5)
cloneurl (or multiple-valued gitweb.url)
File with repository URL (used for clone and fetch), one per line. Displayed in the project summary page. You can use multiple-valued gitweb.url repository configuration variable for that, but the file takes precedence.
This is per-repository enhancement / version of global prefix-based @git_base_url_list gitweb configuration variable (see gitweb.conf(5)).
gitweb.owner
You can use the gitweb.owner repository configuration variable to set repository(cqs owner. It is displayed in the project list and summary page.
If it(cqs not set, filesystem directory(cqs owner is used (via GECOS field, i.e. real name field from getpwuid(3)) if $projects_list is unset (gitweb scans $projectroot for repositories); if $projects_list points to file with list of repositories, then project owner defaults to value from this file for given repository.
various gitweb.* config variables (in config)
Read description of %feature hash for detailed list, and descriptions. See also "Configuring gitweb features" section in gitweb.conf(5)
Gitweb can use path_info (component) based URLs, or it can pass all necessary information via query parameters. The typical gitweb URLs are broken down in to five components:
.../gitweb.cgi/<repo>/<action>/<revision>:/<path>?<arguments>
repo
The repository the action will be performed on.
All actions except for those that list all available projects, in whatever form, require this parameter.
action
The action that will be run. Defaults to projects_list if repo is not set, and to summary otherwise.
revision
Revision shown. Defaults to HEAD.
path
The path within the <repository> that the action is performed on, for those actions that require it.
arguments
Any arguments that control the behaviour of the action.
Some actions require or allow to specify two revisions, and sometimes even two pathnames. In most general form such path_info (component) based gitweb URL looks like this:
.../gitweb.cgi/<repo>/<action>/<revision_from>:/<path_from>..<revision_to>:/<path_to>?<arguments>
Each action is implemented as a subroutine, and must be present in %actions hash. Some actions are disabled by default, and must be turned on via feature mechanism. For example to enable blame view add the following to gitweb configuration file:
$feature{*(Aqblame*(Aq}{*(Aqdefault*(Aq} = [1];
The standard actions are:
project_list
Lists the available Git repositories. This is the default command if no repository is specified in the URL.
summary
Displays summary about given repository. This is the default command if no action is specified in URL, and only repository is specified.
heads, remotes
Lists all local or all remote-tracking branches in given repository.
The latter is not available by default, unless configured.
tags
List all tags (lightweight and annotated) in given repository.
blob, tree
Shows the files and directories in a given repository path, at given revision. This is default command if no action is specified in the URL, and path is given.
blob_plain
Returns the raw data for the file in given repository, at given path and revision. Links to this action are marked raw.
blobdiff
Shows the difference between two revisions of the same file.
blame, blame_incremental
Shows the blame (also called annotation) information for a file. On a per line basis it shows the revision in which that line was last changed and the user that committed the change. The incremental version (which if configured is used automatically when JavaScript is enabled) uses Ajax to incrementally add blame info to the contents of given file.
This action is disabled by default for performance reasons.
commit, commitdiff
Shows information about a specific commit in a repository. The commit view shows information about commit in more detail, the commitdiff action shows changeset for given commit.
patch
Returns the commit in plain text mail format, suitable for applying with git-am(1).
tag
Display specific annotated tag (tag object).
log, shortlog
Shows log information (commit message or just commit subject) for a given branch (starting from given revision).
The shortlog view is more compact; it shows one commit per line.
history
Shows history of the file or directory in a given repository path, starting from given revision (defaults to HEAD, i.e. default branch).
This view is similar to shortlog view.
rss, atom
Generates an RSS (or Atom) feed of changes to repository.
This section explains how to configure some common webservers to run gitweb. In all cases, /path/to/gitweb in the examples is the directory you ran installed gitweb in, and contains gitweb_config.perl.
If you(cqve configured a web server that isn(cqt listed here for gitweb, please send in the instructions so they can be included in a future release.
Apache must be configured to support CGI scripts in the directory in which gitweb is installed. Let(cqs assume that it is /var/www/cgi-bin directory.
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/" <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin"> Options Indexes FollowSymlinks ExecCGI AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory>
With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:
http://server/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi
You can use mod_perl with gitweb. You must install Apache::Registry (for mod_perl 1.x) or ModPerl::Registry (for mod_perl 2.x) to enable this support.
Assuming that gitweb is installed to /var/www/perl, the following Apache configuration (for mod_perl 2.x) is suitable.
Alias /perl "/var/www/perl" <Directory "/var/www/perl"> SetHandler perl-script PerlResponseHandler ModPerl::Registry PerlOptions +ParseHeaders Options Indexes FollowSymlinks +ExecCGI AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory>
With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:
http://server/perl/gitweb.cgi
Gitweb works with Apache and FastCGI. First you need to rename, copy or symlink gitweb.cgi to gitweb.fcgi. Let(cqs assume that gitweb is installed in /usr/share/gitweb directory. The following Apache configuration is suitable (UNTESTED!)
FastCgiServer /usr/share/gitweb/gitweb.cgi ScriptAlias /gitweb /usr/share/gitweb/gitweb.cgi Alias /gitweb/static /usr/share/gitweb/static <Directory /usr/share/gitweb/static> SetHandler default-handler </Directory>
With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:
http://server/gitweb
All of those examples use request rewriting, and need mod_rewrite (or equivalent; examples below are written for Apache).
If you want to have one URL for both gitweb and your http:// repositories, you can configure Apache like this:
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName git.example.org DocumentRoot /pub/git SetEnv GITWEB_CONFIG /etc/gitweb.conf # turning on mod rewrite RewriteEngine on # make the front page an internal rewrite to the gitweb script RewriteRule ^/$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi # make access for "dumb clients" work RewriteRule ^/(.*e.git/(?!/?(HEAD|info|objects|refs)).*)?$ e /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi%{REQUEST_URI} [L,PT] </VirtualHost>
The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under /pub/git and will serve them as http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git, both as clonable Git URL and as browseable gitweb interface. If you then start your git-daemon(1) with --base-path=/pub/git --export-all then you can even use the git:// URL with exactly the same path.
Setting the environment variable GITWEB_CONFIG will tell gitweb to use the named file (i.e. in this example /etc/gitweb.conf) as a configuration for gitweb. You don(cqt really need it in above example; it is required only if your configuration file is in different place than built-in (during compiling gitweb) gitweb_config.perl or /etc/gitweb.conf. See gitweb.conf(5) for details, especially information about precedence rules.
If you use the rewrite rules from the example you might also need something like the following in your gitweb configuration file (/etc/gitweb.conf following example):
@stylesheets = ("/some/absolute/path/gitweb.css"); $my_uri = "/"; $home_link = "/"; $per_request_config = 1;
Nowadays though gitweb should create HTML base tag when needed (to set base URI for relative links), so it should work automatically.
If you want to use gitweb with several project roots you can edit your Apache virtual host and gitweb configuration files in the following way.
The virtual host configuration (in Apache configuration file) should look like this:
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName git.example.org DocumentRoot /pub/git SetEnv GITWEB_CONFIG /etc/gitweb.conf # turning on mod rewrite RewriteEngine on # make the front page an internal rewrite to the gitweb script RewriteRule ^/$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi [QSA,L,PT] # look for a public_git folder in unix users*(Aq home # http://git.example.org/~<user>/ RewriteRule ^/e~([^e/]+)(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi e [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT] # http://git.example.org/+<user>/ #RewriteRule ^/e+([^e/]+)(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi e [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT] # http://git.example.org/user/<user>/ #RewriteRule ^/user/([^e/]+)/(gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi e [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT] # defined list of project roots RewriteRule ^/scm(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi e [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/pub/scm/,L,PT] RewriteRule ^/var(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi e [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/var/git/,L,PT] # make access for "dumb clients" work RewriteRule ^/(.*e.git/(?!/?(HEAD|info|objects|refs)).*)?$ e /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi%{REQUEST_URI} [L,PT] </VirtualHost>
Here actual project root is passed to gitweb via GITWEB_PROJECT_ROOT environment variable from a web server, so you need to put the following line in gitweb configuration file (/etc/gitweb.conf in above example):
$projectroot = $ENV{*(AqGITWEB_PROJECTROOT*(Aq} || "/pub/git";
Note that this requires to be set for each request, so either $per_request_config must be false, or the above must be put in code referenced by $per_request_config;
These configurations enable two things. First, each unix user (<user>) of the server will be able to browse through gitweb Git repositories found in ~/public_git/ with the following url:
http://git.example.org/~<user>/
If you do not want this feature on your server just remove the second rewrite rule.
If you already use (oqmod_userdir` in your virtual host or you don(cqt want to use the *(Aq~(cq as first character, just comment or remove the second rewrite rule, and uncomment one of the following according to what you want.
Second, repositories found in /pub/scm/ and /var/git/ will be accessible through http://git.example.org/scm/ and http://git.example.org/var/. You can add as many project roots as you want by adding rewrite rules like the third and the fourth.
If you enable PATH_INFO usage in gitweb by putting
$feature{*(Aqpathinfo*(Aq}{*(Aqdefault*(Aq} = [1];
in your gitweb configuration file, it is possible to set up your server so that it consumes and produces URLs in the form
http://git.example.com/project.git/shortlog/sometag
i.e. without gitweb.cgi part, by using a configuration such as the following. This configuration assumes that /var/www/gitweb is the DocumentRoot of your webserver, contains the gitweb.cgi script and complementary static files (stylesheet, favicon, JavaScript):
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerAlias git.example.com DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb <Directory /var/www/gitweb> Options ExecCGI AddHandler cgi-script cgi DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT] </Directory> </VirtualHost>
The rewrite rule guarantees that existing static files will be properly served, whereas any other URL will be passed to gitweb as PATH_INFO parameter.
Notice that in this case you don(cqt need special settings for @stylesheets, $my_uri and $home_link, but you lose "dumb client" access to your project .git dirs (described in "Single URL for gitweb and for fetching" section). A possible workaround for the latter is the following: in your project root dir (e.g. /pub/git) have the projects named without a .git extension (e.g. /pub/git/project instead of /pub/git/project.git) and configure Apache as follows:
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerAlias git.example.com DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb AliasMatch ^(/.*?)(e.git)(/.*)?$ /pub/git$1$3 <Directory /var/www/gitweb> Options ExecCGI AddHandler cgi-script cgi DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT] </Directory> </VirtualHost>
The additional AliasMatch makes it so that
http://git.example.com/project.git
will give raw access to the project(cqs Git dir (so that the project can be cloned), while
http://git.example.com/project
will provide human-friendly gitweb access.
This solution is not 100% bulletproof, in the sense that if some project has a named ref (branch, tag) starting with git/, then paths such as
http://git.example.com/project/command/abranch..git/abranch
Please report any bugs or feature requests to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>putting "gitweb" in the subject of email.
gitweb.conf(5), git-instaweb(1)
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>%mailto:git@vger.kernel.org


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A customizable web page that uses CSS variables to allow the user adjust the page's style properties along a spectrum.
A gallery of images whose size and other features the user can manipulate via CSS flexbox properties.
6. Type Ahead
Search for the name of a city to find its population. The web page will "type ahead" to show you city names that include your character string as you type.
8. HTML5 Canvas
A blank canvas on which the user can write/draw multicolored messages/images.
10. Checkboxes
Use the "Shift" key to check multiple boxes without clicking each one individually.
11. Video Player
A custom video player with play, pause, skip, scrub, and volume and speed adjustment functions.
A webpage that uses JavaScript and CSS animations to give images a "slide in" effect as the user scrolls to bring them into view.
Exercises that highlight the distinction between copies and mere references saved as variables in JavaScript.
15. LocalStorage
A user-editable menu/checklist that is saved to LocalStorage when changed so that it persists even if the user reloads the page.
A webpage that uses JavaScript and CSS animations to generate a moving text shadow effect which follows the motion of the user's mouse.
An exercise that makes use of a regular expression to ignore articles at the beginnings of names when sorting alphabetically.
18. Adding Up Times with Reduce
An exercise that makes use of JavaScript's "reduce" method to add up the total running time of a list of videos.
19. Webcam Interface
A webcam interface that allows the user to take pictures using various backgrounds and filters.
21. Geolocation
A webpage that shows you your current speed and coordinates.
22. Follow Along Link Highlighter
A webpage that uses JavaScript and CSS animations to generate a highlighter effect which follows the cursor as it moves from one link to another.
23. Speech Synthesis
A webpage that uses speech synthesis to read user-editable text.
24. Sticky Nav
A webpage featuring a "sticky" nav bar which remains visible at the top of the browser window even as the user scrolls down.
A webpage that demonstrates how event propagation works and how it can be manipulated in JavaScript.
26. Follow Along Dropdown Menu
A webpage that uses JavaScript and CSS animations to generate a dynamic dropdown menu element which follows the cursor and whose content changes accordingly as it moves from one nav tab to another.
27. Click and Drag
A webpage that allows the user to click and drag across the page as an alternative to conventional scrolling.
A video player interface which allows the user to adjust the video’s playback speed along a spectrum as it plays.
29. Countdown Clock
A timer that performs a countdown in seconds from a user-selected time interval to zero.
30. Whack-a-Mole
A whack-a-mole-style game in which the user is given a set amount of time to click/“whack” as many of the critters as possible.


/**
Object which contains context information.
@typedef {Object} context
@prop {Array.<String>} to_confirm - Array of parameter names to confirm.
@prop {Sting} confirming - Parameter name which Bot is now confirming.
@prop {Object} confirmed - Object which contains confirmed parameters. If you want to retrieve confirmed value of "date" parameter, access confirmed.date.
@prop {Object} heard - Object which contains heard parameters which are waiting for beging applied.
@prop {Object} previous - Object which contains conversation history in the current context.
@prop {Array.<Object>} archive - Array of previous context.
@prop {Array.<String>} previous.confirmed - Previously confirmed parameter key. It does not include skipped parameter due to condition.
@prop {Array.<String>} previous.processed - Previously processed parameter key. It includes skipped parameter due to condition.
@prop {Array.<Object>} previous.message - Array of message object exchanged so far.
@prop {String} previous.message[].from - "bot" or "user"
@prop {MessageObject} previous.message[].message - Message object sent or received.
@prop {String} previous.message[].skill - Skill in which this message was sent.
@prop {Object} previous.event - Previous event
@prop {intent} intent - Intent object which contains various information about current intent based on response from NLP.
@prop {Skill} skill - Skill object currelty applied.
@prop {Array.<Object>} param_change_history - Change log to revive skill instance in the next event.
@prop {String} sender_language - Automatically detected ISO-639-1 based code of the senders language.
@prop {String} translation - Translated text of current message.
@prop {Array.<MessageObject>} _message_queue - Array of messages to be sent.
@prop {Object} confirming_property - Information about confirming property.
@prop {String} confirming_property.parameter_key - Parameter key which properties belong to.
@prop {String} confirming_property.parameter_type - Parameter type which properties belong to.
@prop {Array.<String>} confirming_property.to_confirm - Properties to confirm.
@prop {Object} confirming_property.confirmed - Confirmed properties.
@prop {Boolean} _digging - True when digging.
@prop {Array.<context>} _parent - Array of parent context.
@prop {Boolean} _in_progress - Flag to indicate if bot is currenty processing an event from this user.
@prop {String} _flow - Flow applied to current event.
@prop {Boolean} _pause - Flag to pause.
@prop {Boolean} _exit - Flag to exit.
@prop {Boolean} _init - Flag to init context.
@prop {intent} _switch_intent - Intent object to switch skill.
*/
/**
Object which contains intent and related information.
@typedef {Object} intent
@prop {String} id - Intent id.
@prop {String} name - Intent name.
@prop {Object} parameters - Parameters found in the sentence.
@prop {String} text_response - Text response to the sentence.
@prop {Object} fulfillment - Object to fulfill the action.
*/
/**
Custom event to start conversation from Bot.
@typedef {Object} push_event
@prop {String} type - Event type. This is always "bot-express:push".
@prop {Object} to - Object which contains destination information.
@prop {String} to.type - Type of reciever. Supported values are "user", "room", "group".
@prop {String} [to.userId] - User id of reciever. Required if to.type is "user".
@prop {String} [to.roomId] - Room id of reciever. Required if to.type is "room".
@prop {String} [to.groupId] - Group id of reciever. Required if to.type is "group".
@prop {intent} intent - Intent object to be applied in this conversation.
@prop {String} language - ISO-639-1 based code of the sender's language.
*/


UTC +5
Voltage: 230 V
Frequency: 50 Hz
Rufiya (Rf) of 100 lari.
US$ accepted on the tourist islands.
International Dialing Code for Maldives is +960.
Mobile phone: Roaming agreements exist with most international mobile phone companies. Coverage is decent throughout the islands, though as the country is so spead out, there are still some blindspots. It’s possible to buy a local SIM card in Malé to make cheap local calls.
Internet: The Internet can be accessed from most areas of the Maldives. Malé, the capital, has a lack of Internet cafés, but Wi-Fi is available in many other cafés. Almost all resorts have Internet connections via terminals for guest use or wireless, though these are rarely free.
Emergencies - Dial 119
IMRAY AND ADLARD COLES PILOT BOOKS are available at a discounted price for Noonsite.com users via World Cruising Club
Indian Ocean Cruising Guide
By Rod Heikell
Publisher: Imray,Laurie,Norie & Wilson Ltd (2nd edition 2007)
ISBN-13:<PHONE_NUMBER>725
Cruising guide covering the routes from Europe to Australia and points in between, Indian Ocean Cruising Guide covers all the usual points of interest for cruising yachtsmen, from history to climate, weather patterns, formalities, route planning and so on. This second edition has been thoroughly revised and contains a lot of additional information on Malaysia and Thailand, the Seychelles and the Chagos archipelago.
Sailing Through Paradise - Cruising Guide to the Maldives
By Jolanda Geerdink John Hoedemakers
Publisher: SailAdventures (2nd Edition 2011)
ISBN-13:<PHONE_NUMBER>019
Malwlays - Maldives Island Directory
By Tim, J. Godfrey
Publisher: Sea Challengers; 2 edition (April 1998)
ISBN-13:<PHONE_NUMBER>247
Complete island directory of the Maldives with 23 pages of maps including an updated map of Male, the island capital of the archipelago. Maps are printed in full color and clearly show reefs, islands and other features such as protected marine areas, wrecks, airports and heliports. Where a resort name is different from the traditional name of the island, the traditional name is included in brackets. At the back of the book is an index of 1068 islands with latitude and longitude coordinates for quick reference.
Dive Maldives: A Guide to the Maldives Archipelago
By John Godfrey
Publisher: Atoll Editions; 3rd Revised edition edition (May 2006)
ISBN-13:<PHONE_NUMBER>841
Marine Life of the Maldives
By Neville Coleman
Publisher: Atoll Editions (July 2005)
ISBN-13:<PHONE_NUMBER>728
Maldives Cruising Guide
By Max Molteni
Publisher - Edizioni il Frangente - Edition 2009
ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>423
Provides a full range of sailing directions as well as anchorage locations, supported by detailed charts and aerial photos in full colour. A substantial introductory section provides important information on the country, as well as covering navigation, equipment and cruising formalities. Climate & weather - crucial to planning cruises in these waters - are discussed at length and a chapter is devoted to fishing, surfing and scuba diving. The itineraries section provides abundant explanatory advise on approaches, navigation, anchorages, harbours and places of interest for all the Maldivian atolls.
Jamie Furlong of SY Esper visited the Maldives in 2013. His blog - http://www.followtheboat.com/log/ - has some interesting and insightful reports as well as great photographs.
Cruising Information for the Maldives by SV Ocelot (2007 & 2009) - http://svocelot.com/Cruise_Info/Indian/Maldives_Cruising.htm
Noonsite welcomes information and updates especially regarding clearance, customs and immigration procedures from cruisers visiting this country.
Please E-mail noonsite with any new information, updates or corrections. Even just a short email confirming that the current data is accurate would be most helpful.


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--- layout: default ---
FAWLTS is a NGO that bridges the gap between schools and the job market, helping students understand what they want to do when they grow up and equipping them with critical cross-disciplinary skills, ultimately contributing to reduce the incidence of NEET of under 30s. We do this by supporting the birth and the growth of Alumni Communities around their former high schools.
FAWLTS is a community of +750 professionals, organized in +20 hubs in +10 regions, who decided to be committed to help young generations in overcoming the gaps between schools and job market.
I joined FAWLTS in November 2020, as the Head of the Hub of Liceo Scientifico Castelnuovo in Florence. My main goal is to build a community of ex-alumni with different backgrounds, in order to create an etherogeneous pool of professionals which can be of great help for the future college students and future workers.
The final aim - pandemic aside - is to be hosted in the school to organize "Job Days", an efficient and scalable mechanism to provide students with crucial information regarding their future professional path.


Skip Bayless Rips Ezekiel Elliott For His Terrible 2019 Season After Signing Massive Contract (VIDEO)
by Darrelle LincolnSkip Bayless is really upset.
The noted Dallas Cowboys fan has been having quite the issue with Ezekiel Elliott over the past few games, especially after he was given a massive contract just before the season began.
Elliott has yet to live up to the hype of that contract and it has been Dak Prescott that has been carrying the team throughout the first half of the season.
On Wednesday’s edition of Undisputed, Bayless went on a very lengthy rant about Elliott’s poor play, and although it was harsh at time, it was fair and honest.
“I know I’m a psycho fan, I know I just lose it during Cowboy games, but I am beating my head against my wall because every 1st down it’s Zeke for 1 yard, Zeke for 2, or Zeke for 0,” Bayless said.
Bayless also spoke on Dak Prescott’s ability to “match” his Sunday opponent Tom Brady.
“Since day one of this show, dating to 2016, I have sat over here and I have told that Dak Prescott is Brady-esque,” Bayless declares. He’s quick to clarify that he doesn’t believe that Prescott will surpass the eventual Hall-of-Famer, but believes he could have a similar resume when all is said and done.
“He will never be Brady, because there’s only one of those guys. But he is Brady-esque in that you can compare him to Tom Brady in a few categories.”
“All he’s done in his first three years…Dak Prescott led the NFL in game-winning drives,” Bayless says. “So I think, given the opportunities in bigger, bigger stages, he can match Tom Brady in clutchness because Tom Brady’s the clutchest athlete I’ve ever seen because he’s had so many opportunities.”


Using GDAL in CMake projects
New in version 3.5.
The recommended way to use the GDAL library in a CMake project is to
link to the imported library target GDAL::GDAL
provided by
the CMake configuration which comes with the library. Typical usage is:
find_package(GDAL CONFIG REQUIRED)
target_link_libraries(MyApp PRIVATE GDAL::GDAL)
By adding the imported library target GDAL::GDAL
to the
target link libraries, CMake will also pass the include directories to
the compiler.
The CMake command find_package
will look for the configuration in a
number of places. The lookup can be adjusted for all packages by setting
the cache variable or environment variable CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
. In
particular, CMake will consult (and set) the cache variable
GDAL_DIR
.


The [RequiresIdentification] attribute means that any requests for this page from callers who did not identify themselves will be rejected using an access denied response.
The [RequiresIdentification()] attribute does not have any other properties at this time.


Windows 10 + Edge Only
Use Dolby Digital Plus and Atmos audio track
Use AVC instead of AVC High video
Use Dolby Vision Profiles for HDR
Force 1080p HEVC video (Downgrade from 4K to 1080P)
Other OS and Browser
1080P
HE-AAC Audio (5.1)
Use AVC High instead of VP9 video
Show all audio-tracks and subs
Automatically select best bitrate available
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Please is a cross-language build system with an emphasis on high performance, extensibility and reproducibility.
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Load libraries carefully on Windows.
If a fully-qualified path to a DLL library is not specified, a malicious library with the same name may be loaded by an attacker, allowing him to alter program behavior or execute arbitrary code.
Use this guideline whenever loading dynamic-link libraries via LoadLibrary() or LoadLibraryEx() APIs.
Perform the following actions in order to avoid loading a malicious DLL:
Review code. Search for calls to LoadLibrary() and LoadLibraryEx() functions.
Always specify absolute paths. If you do not specify the absolute path, the OS searches for the library through the library search order. Since the search order will look for DLLs in other locations on the target machine, it may cause the process to load unintended, malicious DLLs. If a malicious DLL is loaded, malicious code will run with the privilege level of the executing process.
Secure the application directory. Place strong ACLs on the application directory, denying WRITE access to intruders. The <application_name>.local file in the application’s directory causes the OS to load requested DLLs from that directory, even when absolute paths are used.


The assembler calls make_execution_function to generate the execution function for an instruction. Like the analyze function in the evaluator of section \ref{sec:separating-analysis}, this dispatches on the type of instruction to generate the appropriate execution function.
For each type of instruction in the register-machine language, there is a generator that builds an appropriate execution function. The details of these functions determine both the syntax and meaning of the individual instructions in the register-machine language. We use data abstraction to isolate the detailed syntax of register-machine expressions from the general execution mechanism, as we did for evaluators in section \ref{sec:representing-expressions}, by using syntax functions to extract and classify the parts of an instruction.
The make_assign function handles assign instructions:
The register name is looked up with get_register to produce the target register object. The value expression is passed to make_operation_exp if the value is the result of an operation, and to make_primitive_exp otherwise. These functions (shown below) parse the value expression and produce an execution function for the value. This is a function of no arguments, called value_fun, which will be evaluated during the simulation to produce the actual value to be assigned to the register. Notice that the work of looking up the register name and parsing the value expression is performed just once, at assembly time, not every time the instruction is simulated. This saving of work is the reason we use execution functions, and corresponds directly to the saving in work we obtained by separating program analysis from execution in the evaluator of section \ref{sec:separating-analysis}.
The result returned by make_assign is the execution function for the assign instruction. When this function is called (by the machine model's execute function), it sets the contents of the target register to the result obtained by executing value_fun. Then it advances the pc to the next instruction by running the function
Make_test handles test instructions in a similar way. It extracts the expression that specifies the condition to be tested and generates an execution function for it. At simulation time, the function for the condition is called, the result is assigned to the flag register, and the pc is advanced:
The execution function for a branch instruction checks the contents of the flag register and either sets the contents of the pc to the branch destination (if the branch is taken) or else just advances the pc (if the branch is not taken). Notice that the indicated destination in a branch instruction must be a label, and the make-branch function enforces this. Notice also that the label is looked up at assembly time, not each time the branch instruction is simulated.
A go_to instruction is similar to a branch, except that the destination may be specified either as a label or as a register, and there is no condition to check—the pc is always set to the new destination.
set_contents(pc, insts); } else if (is_register_exp(dest)) { \end{JavaScriptClickable} \end{lrbox} \begin{JavaScriptClickable} /*!\href{https://sourceacademy.nus.edu.sg/playground#chap=5&prgrm=GYVwdgxgLglg9mABAWwIYGsCmB9A5nKOAChjAGcoAaFVCAC1M2oBtUAjTZs6gBwgEpEAbwBQicYggIKiACaYZAXkT5C2eRRLko-ANwixEmMEQky2Vh2bZMADx5ENOwaIlvJ0qIlIUyiZcxwcOggPBbsnESWnNyI0dZ2YfGOCs767hIATphQIJlIRIKKAHyIZDnYUmBQmNVkRHzUPlBkegZuAL6IMZjeJmbY2bgwFJiZNvYpFPwuhhlVMkP+KhVDIzWZRGj0jNRro+OJg5i4U2lz7tm5+aZFpeVQlQg1dQ0Q1LgVVS8tREMz+guXR6wgubjGmTgm2a1AARAAhVCyRAAcQA8gAVNHebSZEDQeBgABciAAggBlckAUQAsvCADJU2FtToiDoGUCQWAIFQEODqVJEVT85p4gkIWZuK55JB0TBIohQVAwZhCvnYUX47lgAFsoA}{\usebox\lstbox}!*/ const reg = get_register(machine, register_exp_reg(dest)); return () => set_contents(pc, get_contents(reg)); } else { error(inst, "Bad GOTO instruction: ASSEMBLE"); } } function goto_dest(goto_instruction) { return head(tail(goto_instruction)); } \end{JavaScriptClickable}
The stack instructions save and restore simply use the stack with the designated register and advance the pc:
The final instruction type, handled by make_perform, generates an execution function for the action to be performed. At simulation time, the action function is executed and the pc advanced.
{ action_fun(); advance_pc(pc); } } else { \end{JavaScriptClickable} \end{lrbox} \begin{JavaScriptClickable} /*!\href{https://sourceacademy.nus.edu.sg/playground#chap=5&prgrm=GYVwdgxgLglg9mABAWwIYGsCmB9ADpgJ2DgOQAoYwBnKAGhVQgAtLN6AbVAI03avrj4CqWAn6JcEAJSIA3gChESxBDFREjUUgC8EwsVLZN8MBWpQpAbnmLlMYIgpVsgwiJPZMAD1xljCKRkFZRCVNQ1oD1AdBiwXIXcETx8-SIR6NGZWDm5ecVdhLSorW1DEAkwoEAIkMhltAD45CK1saLrLDQATADdUSBxJMkkrRABfGxCxxDzMOVLQwgISMxp6ACIAIVQuxAAFAFEAJQAxAHkjgFlEShoCEDSwAC5EAEEAZXeDy82AGQP1iUpvIJvJoo89EQSMgjI9VhZ5iEKlUaogoKgYOx4aMQUA}{\usebox\lstbox}!*/ error(inst, "Bad PERFORM instruction: ASSEMBLE"); } } function perform_action(inst) { return tail(inst); } \end{JavaScriptClickable}
The value of a reg, label, or constant expression may be needed for assignment to a register (make_assign) or for input to an operation (make_operation_exp, below). The following function generates execution functions to produce values for these expressions during the simulation:
c; } else if (is_label_exp(exp)) { \end{JavaScriptClickable} \end{lrbox} \begin{JavaScriptClickable} /*!\href{https://sourceacademy.nus.edu.sg/playground#chap=5&prgrm=GYVwdgxgLglg9mABAWwIYGsCmB9ADgJxmRlgDcdMAPXACitwBoVUIALGMTJgG1QCNM3AM4BKRAG8AUIhmIYwRDRhDsEBEKiowUbPTrURYqbJOI1YDWcQBeM+s3bd1bKVTcQmfbhEBuaaZl8TCgQfCQaMWsAPjM-AJl-GQBfREEhTDkFJRVeAW4nWnpDCUTTc0sODSEbRG44OHQQXGxcwRpW4R5+QQKW7u4vQzj4oJCwxUiYyqghP1KUtIz5RWVsIIBzZShMfALBo1KTcqhEfBr14LXMTY0dmjQ2Di5T662d3o394YDR0PDJxAXHTmbbaIQ0fC+RCSeapYQZYzxHb4OD4LxMABEAFUwOgwHAAO5IehBIRCeBIKAAT1wmAAXIgAIIAZWZAFEALIAIQAMmyMb55pIkkA}{\usebox\lstbox}!*/ const insts = lookup_label(labels, label_exp_label(exp)); return () => insts; } else if (is_register_exp(exp)) { const r = get_register(machine, register_exp_reg(exp)); return () => get_contents(r); } else { error(exp, "Unknown expression type: ASSEMBLE"); } } \end{JavaScriptClickable}
Assign, perform, and test instructions
may include the application of a machine operation (specified by
an op expression) to some operands (specified by reg
and constant expressions).
The following
function
produces an execution
function
for an operation expression
—a list containing the operation and
operand expressions from the instruction:
make_primitive_exp(e, machine, labels), operation_exp_operands(exp)); function perform_make_operation_exp() { return op(map(p => p(), aprocs)); \end{JavaScriptClickable} \end{lrbox} \begin{JavaScriptClickable} /*!\href{https://sourceacademy.nus.edu.sg/playground#chap=5&prgrm=GYVwdgxgLglg9mABAWwIYGsCmB9OAHTAJ1VgW0wA88AKSvAGhVQgAsYxNGAbVAI0y4BnRviIl4YQQEpEAbwBQiJYggJBURPkQBeRFzhx0IPNjyEYyaqOKkw5Krhp0pIgjYnSA3IuWrJG1DM4CEEdJicdAD4mLFNzZBhYADccOlpGNFZ2Tj0+AWl6H2ViktLla3EyOkcxMAATQVoqKSlvIsRQSFtEN2A4QmRsNFiK23saGQUyxEJMKBBCJHxqNBo8KJ7qF0RAwmDpVvaAX3b22fnFnqI+gaGMHFGJce8joA}{\usebox\lstbox}!*/ } return perform_make_operation_exp; } \end{JavaScriptClickable}
Observe that the treatment of operation expressions is very much like the treatment of function applications by the analyze_application function in the evaluator of section \ref{sec:separating-analysis} in that we generate an execution function for each operand. At simulation time, we call the operand functions and apply the Scheme function that simulates the operation to the resulting values. The simulation function is found by looking up the operation name in the operation table for the machine:


Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is the most widely used protocol for implementing cryptography on the Web. SSL uses a combination of cryptographic processes to provide secure communication over a network. This section provides an introduction to SSL and the cryptographic processes it uses.
SSL was developed by Netscape in 1994, and with input from the Internet community, has evolved to become a standard. It is now under the control of the international standards organization, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The IETF has renamed SSL to Transport Layer Security (TLS), and released the first specification, version 1.0, in January 1999. TLS 1.0 is a modest upgrade to the most recent version of SSL, version 3.0. The differences between SSL 3.0 and TLS 1.0 are minor.
Transferring sensitive information over a network can be risky due to the following three issues:
SSL addresses each of these issues. It addresses the first issue by optionally allowing each of two communicating parties to ensure the identity of the other party in a process called authentication. Once the parties are authenticated, SSL provides an encrypted connection between the two parties for secure message transmission. Encrypting the communication between the two parties provides privacy and therefore addresses the second issue. The encryption algorithms used with SSL include a secure hash function, which is similar to a checksum. This ensures that data is not modified in transit. The secure hash function addresses the third issue of data integrity.
The most obvious example of when you would use SSL is in an e-commerce transaction. In an e-commerce transaction, it would be foolish to assume that you can guarantee the identity of the server with whom you are communicating. It would be easy enough for someone to create a phony Web site promising great services if only you enter your credit card number. SSL allows you, the client, to authenticate the identity of the server. It also allows the server to authenticate the identity of the client, although in Internet transactions, this is seldom done.
Once the client and the server are comfortable with each other's identity, SSL provides privacy and data integrity through the encryption algorithms it uses. This allows sensitive information, such as credit card numbers, to be transmitted securely over the Internet.


Handling strings and text is a common source of performance problems in Unity projects. In C#, all strings are immutable. Any manipulation of a string results in the allocation of a full new string. This is relatively expensive, and repeated string concatenations can develop into performance problems when performed on large strings, on large datasets, or in tight loops.
Further, as N string concatenations require the allocation of N–1 intermediate strings, serial concatenations can also be a major cause of managed memory pressure.
For cases where strings must be concatenated in tight loops or during each frame, use a StringBuilder to perform the actual concatenation operations. The StringBuilder instance can also be reused to further minimize unnecessary memory allocation.
Microsoft maintains a list of best practices for working with strings in C#, which can be found here on the MSDN website: msdn.microsoft.com.
One of the core performance problems often found in string-related code is the unintended use of the slow, default string APIs. These APIs were built for business applications, and attempt to deal with handling strings from many different cultural and linguistic rules with regards to the characters found in text.
For example, the following example code returns true when run under the US-English locale, but returns false for many European locales(1)
NOTE: Note that, as of Unity 5.3 and 5.4, Unity’s scripting runtimes always run under the US English (en-US) locale:
String.Equals("encyclopedia", “encyclopædia”);
For most Unity projects, this is entirely unnecessary. It is roughly ten times faster to use the ordinal comparison type, which compares strings in a manner familiar to C and C++ programmers: by simply comparing each sequential byte of the string, without regard for the character represented by that byte.
Switching to ordinal string comparison is as simple as supplying StringComparison.Ordinal
as the final argument to String.Equals
:
myString.Equals(otherString, StringComparison.Ordinal);
Beyond switching to ordinal comparisons, certain C# String
APIs are known to be extremely inefficient. Among these are String.Format
, String.StartsWith
and String.EndsWith. String.Format
is difficult to replace, but the inefficient string comparison methods are trivially optimized away.
While Microsoft’s recommendation is to pass StringComparison.Ordinal
into any string comparison that does not need to be adjusted for localization, Unity benchmarks show that the impact of this is relatively minimal compared to a custom implementation.
| Method | Time (ms) for 100k short strings |
|---|---|
String.StartsWith , default culture |
137 |
String.EndsWit h, default culture |
542 |
String.StartsWith , ordinal |
115 |
String.EndsWith , ordinal |
34 |
Custom StartsWith replacement |
4.5 |
Custom EndsWith replacement |
4.5 |
Both String.StartsWith
and String.EndsWith
can be replaced with simple hand-coded versions, similar to the example attached below.
public static bool CustomEndsWith(string a, string b) {
int ap = a.Length - 1;
int bp = b.Length - 1;
while (ap >= 0 && bp >= 0 && a [ap] == b [bp]) {
ap--;
bp--;
}
return (bp < 0 && a.Length >= b.Length) ||
(ap < 0 && b.Length >= a.Length);
}
public static bool CustomStartsWith(string a, string b) {
int aLen = a.Length;
int bLen = b.Length;
int ap = 0; int bp = 0;
while (ap < aLen && bp < bLen && a [ap] == b [bp]) {
ap++;
bp++;
}
return (bp == bLen && aLen >= bLen) ||
(ap == aLen && bLen >= aLen);
}
While Regular Expressions are a powerful way to match and manipulate strings, they can be extremely performance-intensive. Further, due to the C# library’s implementation of Regular Expressions, even simple boolean IsMatch
queries allocate large transient datastructures “under the hood.” This transient managed memory churn should be deemed unacceptable, except during initialization.
If regular expressions are necessary, it is strongly recommended to not use the static Regex.Match
or Regex.Replace
methods, which accept the regular expression as a string parameter. These methods compile the regular expression on-the-fly and do not cache the generated object.
This example code is an innocuous one-liner.
Regex.Match(myString, "foo");
However, each time it’s executed, it generates 5 kilobytes of garbage. A simple refactoring can eliminate much of this garbage:
var myRegExp = new Regex("foo");
myRegExp.Match(myString);
In this example, each call to myRegExp.Match
“only” results in 320 bytes of garbage. While this is still expensive for a simple matching operation, it is a considerable improvement over the previous example.
Therefore, if the regular expressions are invariant string literals, it is considerably more efficient to precompile them by passing them as the first parameter of the Regex object’s constructor. These precompiled Regexes should then be reused.
Parsing text is often one of the heaviest operations that occurs at loading time. In some cases, the time spent parsing text can outweigh the time spent loading and instantiating Assets.
The reasons behind this depend on the specific parser used. C#’s built-in XML parser is extremely flexible, but as a result, it is not optimizable for specific data layouts.
Many third-party parsers are built on reflection. While reflection is an excellent choice during development (because it allows the parser to rapidly adapt to changing data layouts), it is notoriously slow.
Unity has introduced a partial solution with its built-in JSONUtility API, which provides an interface to Unity’s serialization system that reads/emits JSON. In most benchmarks, it is faster than pure C# JSON parsers, but it has the same limitations as other interfaces to Unity’s serialization system – it cannot serialized many complex data types, such as Dictionaries, without additional code(2) (NOTE: See the ISerializationCallbackReceiver interface for one way to easily add the additional processing necessary to convert to/from complex data types during Unity’s serialization process.).
When encountering performance problems that arise from textual data parsing, consider three alternative resolutions.
The best way to avoid the cost of text parsing is to entirely eliminate the parsing of text at runtime. In general, this means “baking” the textual data into a binary format via some sort of build step.
Most developers who opt for this route move their data to some sort of ScriptableObject-derived class hierarchy and then distribute the data via AssetBundles. For an excellent discussion of using ScriptableObjects, see Richard Fine’s Unite 2016 talk on youtube.
This strategy offers the best possible performance, but is only suitable for data that does not need to be generated dynamically. It is best suited for game design parameters and other content.
A second possibility is to split up the data that must be parsed into smaller chunks. Once split, the cost of parsing the data can be spread across several frames. In the ideal case, identify the specific portions of the data that are required to present the desired experience to the user and load only those portions.
In a simple example: if the project were a platform game, it would not be necessary to serialize data for all the levels together into one giant blob. If the data were split into individual Assets for each level, and perhaps segmented the levels into regions, the data could be parsed as the player approached it.
While this sounds easy, in practice it requires a substantial investment in tool code and may require data structures to be reorganized.
For data that is parsed entirely into plain C# objects, and does not require any interaction with Unity APIs, it is possible to move the parsing operations to worker threads.
This option can be extremely powerful on platforms with a significant number of cores(3) (NOTE: Note that iOS devices have at most 2 cores. Most Android devices have 2–4. This technique of more interest when building for standalone and console build targets.) However, it requires careful programming to avoid creating deadlocks and race conditions.
Projects that choose to implement threading generally use the built-in C# Thread and ThreadPool classes (see msdn.microsoft.com) to manage their worker threads, along with the standard C# synchronization classes.
Footnotes
(1) Note that, as of Unity 5.3 and 5.4, Unity’s scripting runtimes always run under the US English (en-US) locale.
(2) See the ISerializationCallbackReceiver interface for one way to easily add the additional processing necessary to convert to/from complex data types during Unity’s serialization process.
(3) Note that iOS devices have at most 2 cores. Most Android devices have 2–4. This technique is of more interest when building for standalone and console build targets.


Id: 173
Name: Jan-Michael Vincent
Status: Alive
Species: Human
Type:
Gender: Male
OriginName: unknown
OriginUrl:
LocationName: Interdimensional Cable
LocationUrl: https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/location/6
Image: https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/character/avatar/173.jpeg
Episode: ['https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/episode/19']
Url: https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/character/173
Created: 2017-12-29T17:33:23.972Z


Toggle navigation
Cropping Tool for Electron Microscopy Slices
(MIT license)
Based on cropper tool by Fengyuan Chen.
Authored by Terry Adams.


{% extends "paigow/base_site.html" %} {% load paigow_extras %} {% block content_title %}
Returning users: login
New users: register
IMPORTANT WARNING Passwords are sent in the clear and kept in the clear, do not use the passwords similar to any other site.


Clark plays a flute. He makes up a tune. The tune is fine. It drifts far. Is the tune loud" It lures Clark's granddad from his room. Granddad holds his drum! Granddad drums along. Clark and Granddad carry the tune. Granddad says, "You woke us up. But I do not care. I like to drum!"


|
KratosMultiphysics
KRATOS Multiphysics (Kratos) is a framework for building parallel, multi-disciplinary simulation software, aiming at modularity, extensibility, and high performance. Kratos is written in C++, and counts with an extensive Python interface.
|
Auxiliary class to execute the derivatives recovery. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| def | __init__ (self, settings, recovery_tool, model_part) |
| def | ExecuteDifferentiation (self) |
| def | Check (self) |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| def | GetDefaultParameters () |
Public Attributes | |
| operation | |
| primitive_variable | |
| derivative_variable | |
| buffer_step | |
| process_step | |
| model_part | |
| differentiation | |
Auxiliary class to execute the derivatives recovery.
| def derivatives_recovery_process.DerivativesRecoveryProcess.DifferentialOperator.__init__ | ( | self, | |
| settings, | |||
| recovery_tool, | |||
| model_part | |||
| ) |
| def derivatives_recovery_process.DerivativesRecoveryProcess.DifferentialOperator.Check | ( | self | ) |
| def derivatives_recovery_process.DerivativesRecoveryProcess.DifferentialOperator.ExecuteDifferentiation | ( | self | ) |
|
static |
| derivatives_recovery_process.DerivativesRecoveryProcess.DifferentialOperator.buffer_step |
| derivatives_recovery_process.DerivativesRecoveryProcess.DifferentialOperator.derivative_variable |
| derivatives_recovery_process.DerivativesRecoveryProcess.DifferentialOperator.differentiation |
| derivatives_recovery_process.DerivativesRecoveryProcess.DifferentialOperator.model_part |
| derivatives_recovery_process.DerivativesRecoveryProcess.DifferentialOperator.operation |
| derivatives_recovery_process.DerivativesRecoveryProcess.DifferentialOperator.primitive_variable |
| derivatives_recovery_process.DerivativesRecoveryProcess.DifferentialOperator.process_step |


Supreme Court Rules for Cheerleader Punished for Vulgar Snapchat Message
A Pennsyllvania school district violated the Firts Amendment by disciplining a student for off-campus speech, the court ruled.
June 23, 2021
     Updated 19:24 p.m. ET
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Accusamus beatae dolores dolore laboriosam fuga eaque nesciunt incidunt sit ipsam consequatur minus reprehenderit in ab, cum, nemo explicabo nostrum laudantium quam.


Layout Class
The main model class. Contain layers and delegate processing to them.
Constructor
Layout
-
param1
-
param2
Parameters:
-
param1
ImageData | Number[out]
-
param2
Undefined | Number[in]
Example:
var layout = pxl.Layout(8, 16);
Item Index
Methods
Properties
Methods
__process
-
options
-
callback
Warn: for internal usage only!
deleteLayer
()
chainable
Delete an active layer.
destroy
()
Destructor.
fill
-
options
Delegate processing to the activeLayer; Update the model.
Look at: pxl.Layout.Layer.fill
Parameters:
-
options
Object[in]
getHeight
()
Number
Returns:
getImageData
-
options
Get whole image data or just a part of it (according to options).
Returns:
getLayersCount
()
Number
Returns:
getVisibleLayers
()
Array
Returns:
getWidth
()
Number
Returns:
indexAt
-
position
Provide an index from position.
Parameters:
-
position
Point[in]
Returns:
Example:
var index = layout.indexAt(new pxl.Point(1, 1));
//in 8x16 layout, an index would be equal to 9
insertLayer
-
index
Append new Layer instance into the layerList; activeLayer point on new instance.
Parameters:
-
index
Number | Undefined[in] Index where to insert. Or it would be added to top if no index passed.
Returns:
The newly created layer.
Example:
var layer = layout.insertLayer(0); //push to front
mergeLayers
-
options
-
layerList
"Drawn" each layer to main dataLayer layer (Back-to-front); Will use visible layers from "layerList" parameter; Or visible layers from self's "layerList" property; Note: if "layerList" is empty or if there are no visible layers the model would be reseted; Also, notify subscribers.
Parameters:
Example:
layout.mergeLayers({isNotifyView: true});
positionFrom
-
index
Provide position according to index (without offset).
Parameters:
-
index
Number[in]
Returns:
Example:
var position = layout.positionFrom(9);
//in 8x16 layout, the position would be equal to {x: 1, y: 1}
removeAllLayers
()
chainable
replace
-
options
Replace old colour by new one; Delegate processing to the activeLayer; Update the model.
Look at: pxl.Layout.Layer.replace
Parameters:
-
options
Object[in]
set
-
options
Set pixel or group of pixels (force-fill); Delegate processing to the activeLayer; Update the model.
Look at: pxl.Layout.Layer.set
Parameters:
-
options
Object[in]
setActiveTo
-
index
Change an active layer.
Parameters:
-
index
Number[in] Index where to apply.
setChannel
-
options
Setting the value for specific channel; Delegate processing to the activeLayer; Update the model.
Look at: pxl.Layout.Layer.setChannel
Parameters:
-
options
Object[in]


Ntseki: Ghana Is Behind Us…
by Soccer LadumaBafana Bafana head coach Molefi Ntseki spoken ahead of today’s clash against Sudan, coming off a disappointing defeat against Ghana midweek.
Bafana Bafana lost their opening Africa Cup Of Nations qualifier against Ghana in the Cape Coast on Thursday, although had no time to lick their wounds, as the South African national team will host Sudan today.
Read more: Makola Update, City Blasts PSL Prosecutor
“I have told the players that the game against Ghana is behind us, there is nothing we can do about it. Yes, we are not happy with the loss but we can’t change the result, so we have to focus on what is ahead of us – and this time it is Sudan,” Ntseki told the media.
“We are playing in front of our fans, we lost three points in Ghana, and now we must come out firing on all cylinders against Sudan. We need to be aggressive from the first whistle because in the qualifiers if you don’t win your home games you are as good as not making in the to the next stage. We have suffered a setback but now we need to get our campaign back on track.”
“Football is a funny game – if you don’t pitch up on the day you will go home empty handed. We have to forget about the past results and work in the present.”
“We have selected 25 players that we have confidence in, so there will be some changes to refresh the team a bit as we also take into consideration that there was some heavy travel in between – for us this is a must-win, no other results will matter,” he added.


Quiz
Q1.select one ?
I have a bike
I have a car
I have a cycle
Q2.select one ?
I have a bike
I have a car
I have a cycle
Q3.select one ?
I have a bike
I have a car
I have a cycle


--- layout: foundation_layout --- {% include navigation.html %} {% include heading.html %} {% include title_bar.html %} {{ content }} {% include footer.html %}


| # | Olympiad | Date of Exam |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Springfield International Science Olympiad | September 5, 2021 |
| 2 | Springfield International Mathematics Olympiad | November 21, 2021 |
| 3 | Springfield International English Olympiad | October 3, 2021 |
| 4 | Springfield International Cyber Olympiad | December 5, 2021 |
| 5 | Grads Olympiad | October 10, 2021 |
| 6 | Finance Olympiad | November 28, 2021 |


Showreel 2013 from Filmeditorparis on Vimeo.
Multidisciplinary Artist / Designer.
Video Editor, Infographist, Graphic Artist.
Web & Mobile developer.


A modern city and commercial port on the south west coast. It is an important ferry port for Sweden.
Its approaches are attractive as you weave the 50NM through a maze of off-shore islands.
There are several marinas but the city-run guest harbour is the most convenient, although it gets very full in the high season. It is on the north bank of the Aura river.
It may be possible to anchor off one of the more remote islands, but those nearer the city are private.
For a full list of harbours in the area see www.guestharbours.fi.
Last updated February 2013.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
Thank you for your interest in an early access to our beta program. We will set up you account and send you further instructions soon.
{{ icons.check("w-16 mx-auto") }}


Module BsCron
From
node-cron GitHub-page: Cron is a tool that allows you to execute something on a schedule.
This is typically done using the cron syntax. We allow you to execute
a function whenever your scheduled job triggers. We also allow you to
execute a job external to the JavaScript process using
child_process
. Additionally, this library goes beyond the
basic cron syntax and allows you to supply a
Js
.Date.t
object. This will be used as the trigger for your callback. Cron
syntax is still an acceptable cron time format. Although the Cron
patterns supported here extend on the standard Unix format to support
seconds digits, leaving it off will default to 0 and match the Unix
behavior.
-
module CronJob : sig ... end
Module for creating new cron jobs
-
module CronTime : sig ... end
-
Module for creating cron times that can be used to alter a cron job
-
external sendAt : [ `CronString of string | `JsDate of Js.Date.t ] -> MomentRe.Moment.t = "sendAt" "BS"
-
sendAt(cronTime)
check for a givencronTime
(either created with the cron format (e.g.2 * * * * * *
) or as aJs
.Date.t) when it will fire next.
-
external timeout : [ `CronString of string | `JsDate of Js.Date.t ] -> float = "timeout" "BS"
-
timeout(cronTime)
returns the number of milliseconds in the future at which to fire the nextonTick
(and eventually other callbacks added withaddCallback
).
-
external start : CronJob.t -> unit = "start" "BS"
-
start(cronJob)
runs your job
-
external stop : CronJob.t -> unit = "stop" "BS"
-
stop(cronJob)
stops your job
-
external setTime : CronJob.t -> CronTime.t -> unit = "setTime" "BS"
-
setTime(cronJob, cronTime)
changes the time of your job. The job will be stopped if it is running (and hence must be started again to be running).
-
external lastDate : CronJob.t -> Js.Date.t = "lastDate" "BS"
-
lastDate(cronJob)
returns the last date the job was executed
-
val nextMomentDates : ?numberOfDates:int -> CronJob.t -> MomentRe.Moment.t array
-
nextMomentDates(n, cronJob)
returns then
nextMoment
.t that will trigger anonTick
-
val nextJsDates : ?numberOfDates:int -> CronJob.t -> Js.Date.t array
-
nextJsDates(n, cronJob)
returns then
nextJs
.Date.t that will trigger anonTick
-
external fireOnTick : CronJob.t -> unit = "fireOnTick" "BS"
-
fireOnTick(cronJob)
will fire theonTick
and all callbacks added withaddCallback
-
external addCallback : CronJob.t -> ((unit -> unit) -> unit) -> unit = "addCallback" "BS"
-
addCallback(cronJob)
will add a callback that is fired on every tick. It is possible to add multiple callbacks.


This documentation is for version {{ version }}, which is not released yet.
You can get the latest source from http://networkx.lanl.gov/hg/networkx/ or look for released versions in the Python Package Index.
{% else %}Current version: {{ version }}
Get NetworkX from the Python Package Index, or install it with:
easy_install networkx{% endif %}
Join the Google group:
You can also open a ticket at the NetworkX Developer Zone.


Made With Love
Fresh coffee made from the finest ground beans, something something wakes you up with the amount of love that is put into of it.
Great Atmosphere
Whether you come to work, or to relax, Imaginary Coffee House has the perfect blend of environment and atmosphere.
Great Location
Located in the heart of Imaginary Town, a short work from everywhere.
134 Great Place, Imaginary Town, DE40RR
Open 8:00am - 8:00pm | Mon - Sat


Hello, I'm Jose Tomas, with a background of 10 years in the
touristic industry, I've always been curious and felt comfortable
with computers so now decided to start a career in Web development.
I am looking forward to contribute to my professional working area
as well to may daily life.
I'm currently learning Web Developer (GIT, HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript) at HackYourFuture BELGIUM.
I would love to contribute to projects related to environmental conservation or ecotourism. However, I'm always open to keep gaining experience and developing new skills in any other interesting and challenging area/project.


Moya Pages is a very simple content management system that creates user editable pages. Pages may have a title, and rich text content.
Moya Pages is built in to Moya and may be imported as follows:
<import py="moya.libs.pages" />
Moya Pages is typically mounted on /
as follows:
<install name="pages" lib="moya.pages" mount="/" />
Moya Pages is used to create a simple page of content consisting of a title and rich text. A slug under the mount point identifies the page in the database. If there is no such page in the database, Moya will continue to process other application URLs.
This library is typically used to create standard pages such as /about/
and /contact/
.
The following is a list of the settings in Moya Pages:
autocreate = <LIST OF PAGES>
This setting should be a list of page slugs which should be auto-created when you visit the associate url. The default auto-created pages are as follows:
autocreate = aboutcontactterms-and-conditionsprivacy-policy
comments = <yes/no>
Set to yes
to enable comments on pages, or no
to disable them.


| Usage | Synopsis |
|---|---|
| Deploy on device, run the app, start Safari Web Inspector and attach the debugger | $ tns debug ios |
| Deploy on device, run the app and stop at the first code statement | $ tns debug ios --debug-brk [--device <Device ID>] [--no-client] |
| Deploy in the iOS Simulator, run the app and stop at the first code statement | $ tns debug ios --debug-brk --emulator [<Emulator Options>] [--no-client] |
| Attach the debug tools to a running app on device | $ tns debug ios --start [--device <Device ID>] [--no-client] |
| Attach the debug tools to a running app in the iOS Simulator | $ tns debug ios --start --emulator [<Emulator Options>] [--no-client] |
| Livesync on device, run the app, start Safari Web Inspector and attach the debugger | $ tns debug ios --no-rebuild |
| Livesync on device, run the app and stop at the first code statement | $ tns debug ios --no-rebuild --debug-brk [--device <Device ID>] [--no-client] |
| Livesync in the iOS Simulator, run the app and stop at the first code statement | $ tns debug ios --no-rebuild --debug-brk --emulator [<Emulator Options>] [--no-client] |
| Livesync on device/simulator, run the app, start and attach the debugger. Refresh everything automatically upon changes | $ tns debug ios --watch [--debug-brk] |
Debugs your project on a connected device or in the iOS Simulator. Any debugging traffic is forwarded on port 8080 from the device to the local machine.
IMPORTANT: Before building for iOS device, verify that you have configured a valid pair of certificate and provisioning profile on your OS X system. For more information, see Obtaining Signing Identities and Downloading Provisioning Profiles.
--debug-brk
- Prepares, builds and deploys the application package on a device or in an emulator, runs the app, launches the developer tools of your Safari browser and stops at the first code statement.--start
- Attaches the debug tools to a deployed and running app and launches the developer tools of your Safari browser.--emulator
- Indicates that you want to debug your app in the iOS simulator.--no-client
- If set, the NativeScript CLI attaches the debug tools but does not launch the developer tools in Safari.--timeout
- Sets the number of seconds that NativeScript CLI will wait for the debugger to boot. If not set, the default timeout is 90 seconds.--no-rebuild
- Livesyncs to device/emulator when possible. Otherwise builds and deploys the application.--watch
- If set, when you save changes to the project, changes are automatically synchronized to the connected device and the debugger is restarted. This option is available only when using --no-rebuild
.<Device ID>
is the index or name of the target device as listed by $ tns device
<Emulator Options>
is any valid combination of options as listed by $ tns help emulate ios
$ tns debug ios
only on OS X systems.| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| build android | Builds the project for Android and produces an APK that you can manually deploy on device or in the native emulator. |
| build ios | Builds the project for iOS and produces an APP or IPA that you can manually deploy in the iOS Simulator or on device, respectively. |
| build | Builds the project for the selected target platform and produces an application package that you can manually deploy on device or in the native emulator. |
| debug android | Debugs your project on a connected Android device or in a native emulator. |
| debug | Debugs your project on a connected device or in a native emulator. |
| deploy | Builds and deploys the project to a connected physical or virtual device. |
| emulate android | Builds the specified project and runs it in a native Android emulator. |
| emulate ios | Builds the specified project and runs it in the native iOS Simulator. |
| emulate | You must run the emulate command with a related command. |
| livesync | Synchronizes the latest changes in your project to devices. |
| livesync ios | Synchronizes the latest changes in your project to iOS devices or the iOS Simulator. |
| livesync android | Synchronizes the latest changes in your project to Android devices. |
| run android | Runs your project on a connected Android device or in a native Android emulator, if configured. |
| run ios | Runs your project on a connected iOS device or in the iOS Simulator, if configured. |
| run | Runs your project on a connected device or in the native emulator for the selected platform. |
| test init | Configures your project for unit testing with a selected framework. |
| test android | Runs the tests in your project on Android devices or native emulators. |
| test ios | Runs the tests in your project on iOS devices or the iOS Simulator. |


Graduate Research (ongoing)
Clarifying the Identifiability Controversy in Species Distribution Modeling
Advisors: Will Fithian and Perry de Valpine
Ecologists commonly make strong parametric assumptions when formulating statistical models. Such assumptions have sparked repeated debates in the literature about statistical identifiability of species distribution and abundance models, among others. At issue is whether the assumption of a particular parametric form serves to impose artificial statistical identifiability that should not be relied upon or instead whether such an assumption is part and parcel of statistical modeling. We borrow from the econometrics literature to introduce a broader view of the identifiability problem than has been taken in ecological debates. In particular we review the concept of nonparametric identifiability and show what can go wrong when we lack this strong form of identifiability, e.g. extreme sensitivity to model misspecification.
Other ideas we are interested in thinking more about are:
US Drought Vulnerability
Project for Class Taught by Gaston Sanchez, with Daniel Blaustein-Rejto, Ian Bolliger, Hal Gordon, Andrew Hultgren, Yang Ju, and Kate Pennington
Our goal was to assess variation in vulnerability to drought across counties and census blocks in the continental United States using health, social, and agricultural indicators.
See our work here and check out our Shiny app here .
Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) for Understanding Chlorophyll in the Bay Delta, Comparison of GAMs and Weighted Regression
Advisors: Perry de Valpine, David Senn, Erica Spotswood, Collaborator (comparisons) Marcus Beck
This was a Summer ‘16 project in collaboration with the San Francisco Estuary Institute. Track my progress here. A Shiny application for the GAM/weighted regression portion can be found here .
NIST Research
Interpolation of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Fluxes, Evaluation
of the accuracy, consistency, and stability of measurements of the Planck constant, Shiny Application for Gas Standard Reference Material Analysis
Advisors: Antonio Possolo, Collaborators Ana Kerlo (greenhouse gas),Stephan Schlamminger, Jon R Pratt, and Carl J Williams (Planck constant), Christina Liaskos (Shiny app)
Small aircraft collect air quality data around cities by recording air samples as they fly horizontally. If they collect data from multiple horizontal “transects” at different altitudes, we can interpolate to understand the value of various greenhouse gases. The goals of this project are to choose which interpolation method gives the most accurate estimates of greenhouse gas flux and decide how many transects (and at what altitudes) we need for a desired level of precision.
Are Planck constant measurements ready to help redefine the kilogram? We discuss the
preconditions for the redefinition here .
I built a Shiny applications (web applications based in R) to implement the value assignment and uncertainty evaluation for gas mixture standard reference materials This streamlines the analysis process, allowing scientists to harness the power of R (as opposed to something like Excel) to analyze their data without having to learn R themselves.
Implementations for Easy Use by Scientists: Shiny Applications
Advisors: Antonio Possolo and Tom Bartel (EIV), Collaborator (nano) Bryan Jimenez
I built Shiny applications to implement the Errors in Variables force calibrations calculations and calculations for the size measurement of nanoparticles. I also worked to finesse the optimization procedure for the EIV approach. This is challenging because we often are pushing the boundaries of how many parameters we need to estimate given the number of data points.
Errors in Variables Modeling in Force Calibrations
Advisors: Antonio Possolo and Tom Bartel
I worked on an alternative method for determining the calibration function for force measuring instruments as well as a Monte Carlo uncertainty evaluation for the calibration function. I implemented these methods and am helping to integrate them into the procedure employed at NIST for force calibration reporting. Force measuring instruments are calibrated by recording the readings of each instrument when “known” masses are applied. I use an errors in variables regression method instead of the ordinary least squares method in order to take into consideration the uncertainty in the forces applied. The Monte Carlo method gives a more accurate representation of the calibration uncertainty throughout the transducer’s force range than a single conservative value given by the current approach.
Read our paper here .
Homogenization of Surface Temperature Records
Advisors: Antonio Possolo and Adam Pintar
I worked on improving and making available a homogenization algorithm developed by NIST statisticians. The process of homogenization finds and adjusts for biases unrelated to the climate in temperature records. I worked to improve the uncertainty quantification of the algorithm and to provide a way for the method to handle missing values. I attended the Statistical and Applied Mathematical Sciences Institute’s workshop on international surface temperatures to work on this homogenization algorithm. I am now working with another attendee to create an R package that includes the homogenization algorithm as well as resources for accessing and formatting portions of interest in the International Surface Temperature Initiative databank for use with the algorithm.
Measuring Optical Apertures for Solar Irradiance Monitoring
Advisors: Antonio Possolo and Maritoni Litorja
I worked to improve the preciseness and accuracy of aperture measurements used in solar irradiance monitoring. My job was to check for possible biases in the data collection and analysis as well as test different methods and assess their degree of uncertainty. I implemented and compared various algorithms for fitting circles on both simulated data and data collected from my proposed sampling method experiments. My goal was to see which combination of algorithm and sampling method yielded the least uncertainty. I found a combination of fitting algorithm and sampling method that was more accurate than the pair that scientists at NIST were using. My recommendations are currently being implemented at NIST.
Undergraduate Research
Geostatistical Models for the Spatial Variability of the Abundance of Uranium in Soils and Sediments of the Continental United States
Undergraduate Honors Thesis , Advisor: Ben Baumer
In my thesis I compared several different models for the spatial distribution of the mass fraction of uranium in soils and sediments across the continental United States, aiming to identify the model that predicts this quantity with smallest uncertainty. I am explored local regression, generalized additive models, and Gaussian processes to interpolate maps of uranium and used cross validation to pick the model that predicts uranium both accurately and precisely. I made interpolated maps and maps characterizing the uncertainty of the estimates that are compatible with Google Earth so that a user can interact with the data, “flying over” the US or zooming in to a region of interest.
Read an extended abstract here .
Modeling Internet Traffic Generation for Telecommunication Applications
Industrial Careers in Mathematical Sciences Program (PIC Math)
With: Pamela Badian-Pessot, Vera Bao, Erika Earley, Yadira Flores, Liza Maharjan,
Blanche Ngo Mahop, Jordan Menter, Van Nguyen, Laura Rosenbauer, Danielle Williams, and Weijia Zhang
Advisors: Nessy Tania & Veena Mendiratta (Bell Labs)
The goal of this project was to develop a stochastic model that could predict and simulate traffic load on an internet network. The model takes as input number of users and proportion of internet application being used at a given time - namely web surfing, video streaming, online gaming - and outputs simulated traffic data. Using individual user data, we produced models for web surfing, video streaming, and gaming which were combined to form the simulator. The first method fit known theoretical distributions to the data to simulate individual packets; the second used an empirical copula to simulate packets per second. Read our paper here.
March Machine Learning Madness
With: Lauren Santana, Advisor: Ben Baumer
In pursuit of the perfect March Madness bracket we aimed to determine the most effective model and the most relevant data to predict match-up probabilities. We decided to use an ensemble method of machine learning techniques. The predictions made by a support vector machine, a Naive Bayes classifier, a k nearest neighbors method, a decision tree, random forests, and an artificial neural network were combined using logistic regression to determine final matchup probabilities. These machine learning techniques were trained on historical team and tournament data. We tested the performance of our method in the two stages of Kaggle’s March Machine Learning Madness competition. After the 2014 tournament, we assessed our performance using a generalizable simulation-based technique.
Read more here .
Roadless America: An Activity for Introduction to Sample Proportions and Their Confidence Intervals
With: Yue Cao and Dana Udwin, Advisor: Nicholas J. Horton
Our goal was to have an accessible classroom activity that uses random sampling of locations in coordination with Google Maps to determine what proportion of the United States is within one mile of a road and visualize where roadless areas tend to be. The challenge was to implement a sophisticated geographic sampling that could be kept invisible to the user so that students could focus on the big picture ideas. My job involved brainstorming ways to appropriately collect and display this data as well as conveying these complex ideas in a more straightforward way to both students, who were seeing the material for the first time, and to instructors, who were seeing this technology for the first time. We worked on different sets of code and accompanying instructions for different thresholds of experience with the technology. We tested our most simplistic activity on an introductory statistics class at Smith, and used the feedback from the experience to motivate supplementary versions.
You can find the classroom activity here .
Factors Associated With Changes in Academic Performance During the Transition from Elementary to Middle School
With: Dana Hsu and Anna Rockower , Advisor: Katherine Halvorsen
We were asked by a local school district to look at student, teacher, and school variables to try to explain the drop in standardized test scores on the math section between 5th and 6th grade using de-identified data. My job was to clean the data as well as perform univariate and bivariate analysis to see what associations occur with the change in standardized testing score between 5th and 6th grade. I then worked to model the change in scores.


Closed Guard
Start of the Trapdoor System:<\br>
Closed guard, open up lapel, roll it, get a grip up near the neck, not super deep, pull op down and forward with both arms and legs.
They respond, posture up, push away with straight arm. Use left elbow to fold their straight arm at the elbow as you hip away to the side.
Left arm moves over ops back to grab far armpit, hip back under pulling op onto their side a bit, push hips up to pin ops arm between bodies.
Four options now open up, depends on ops movement:
Ops moves NE to prevent sweep - take their back / Op moves SW - cross collar choke or armbar


emnlp emnlp2012 emnlp2012-75 emnlp2012-75-reference knowledge-graph by maker-knowledge-mining
Source: pdf
Author: Qing Dou ; Kevin Knight
Abstract: We apply slice sampling to Bayesian decipherment and use our new decipherment framework to improve out-of-domain machine translation. Compared with the state of the art algorithm, our approach is highly scalable and produces better results, which allows us to decipher ciphertext with billions of tokens and hundreds of thousands of word types with high accuracy. We decipher a large amount ofmonolingual data to improve out-of-domain translation and achieve significant gains of up to 3.8 BLEU points.