--- date: 2012-12-18T00:00:00Z published: true title: Texas School District Allows Teachers to Carry Guns in Classrooms url: /2012/12/18/texas-school-district-allows-teachers-to-carry-guns-in-classrooms/ ---
There's a lot of talk about how to deal with incidents like the Sandy Hook Elementary shooting in Newtown Connecticut, and one being floated by conservatives is the idea of arming school teachers and administrators.
That's not a far out idea. The Harrold ISD in North Texas has allowed teachers to carry guns in the classroom since 2008, according to principal David Thweatt.
"If you are unarmed, these people are going into those areas where they know people will not be able to resist," Thweatt told 1200 WOAI news.


Barca lose at Levante following second-half collapse
La Liga champions Barcelona fell to a shock 3-1 defeat away to Levante on Saturday after taking the lead but then conceding three times in the space of seven minutes in the second half.
VALENCIA, Spain: La Liga champions Barcelona fell to a shock 3-1 defeat away to Levante on Saturday after taking the lead but then conceding three times in the space of seven minutes in the second half.
Barca had returned to the top of the table by thrashing Real Valladolid 5-1 in mid-week and were in a comfortable position when Lionel Messi converted a penalty in the 38th minute.
Their problems began when Luis Suarez was taken off injured a few moments later and they collapsed in the second half, with Levante scoring with all of their first three shots on target.
Jose Campana levelled in the 61st minute following a quick-fire counter-attack after winning the ball in Barca's half, then former Real Madrid striker Borja Mayoral put them ahead in the 63rd with a superb curling strike from outside the area.
Nemanja Radoja gave the home side extra breathing space with a third goal in the 67th on the volley following a free kick, while Messi put the ball in the net later to briefly give Barca hope but the goal was ruled out for offside by Antoine Griezmann after a VAR review.
It was Barca's third defeat of the campaign and they still lead the standings on 22 points after 11 games but Atletico Madrid and Real Madrid can both climb above the Catalans if they win their matches later on Saturday.
(Reporting by Richard Martin; editing by Clare Fallon)


Country Register
- Published by:Foreign and Commonwealth Office
- Last updated:28 February 2014 See full history
British English-language names and descriptive terms for countries
Data
-
-
Countries (CSV)
Preview Download CSV 25KB What is CSV? -
Countries (JSON)
Preview Download JSON 25KB What is JSON?
-
Supporting documents
Registers are lists of information. Each register is the most reliable list of its kind. For example, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office’s (FCO’s) country register is the most accurate and up-to-date list of countries available.
Each register is looked after by one person, known as the ‘custodian’. The custodian is from the organisation responsible for the information in the register. They make sure the register is kept up to date.
Additional information
This dataset is available under the Open Government Licence
Completeness / Mistakes
Currently not captured on Publish data
Contact
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Telephone: 0300 303 5678
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Telephone: 0300 303 5678
Read about FOI
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We are rebranding our business to…
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We hope you like it as much as we do and we look forward to continuing to share the beauty and wonders of an Ireland discovered by campervans for many, many years to come.
– Colin and Liam
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If you are fed up waiting then click here.


Here are a few tips about staying safe in this pandemic. More information and links are located on the top right corner, which will direct you to other pages. In you are not sure what you want to learn, click on the top left "COVID-19" to go to a random page on this website.
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Shiba Inu Coat Colors
There are four different coat colors for the Shiba Inu:
This is my home page for the Shiba Inu website.
The website will have links to the history and
health info of the Shiba Inu along with an
about page containing information about any changes
to the site.
There are four different coat colors for the Shiba Inu:


test value change in native
test Action with 1s delay
test object send to native
test object receive from native
test $flex.web func call
test popup dialog with Annotation interface
test Annotation Action interface
test reject1
test reject2


Spider-Man: Far from Home
Spider-Man: Far from Home is a movie starring Tom Holland, Samuel L. Jackson, and Jake Gyllenhaal. Following the events of Avengers: Endgame (2019), Spider-Man must step up to take on new threats in a world that has changed forever.


Welcome to my webpage
University: Dongduk Women University
1st major:
Chinese and China culture
double major:
Coumputer
blood type: B
MBTI: ENTJ
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First Look: Netflix Release Brand New Photos From YOU Season 2
by Tara WalshYOU season 2
Netflix have just released first look images from the upcoming second season of YOU.
In this new chapter, Joe leaves New York for LA as he runs from his long-lost ex-girlfriend Candace.
But will he fall in love again after the death of his former flame?
This new season sees Joe running from his ex girlfriend Candace who is hell-bent on teaching him a lesson.
He leaves New York City for his own personal hell: Los Angeles.
He’s fresh out of an intense relationship that ended in murder - remember Beck? Poor girl.
Anyway, the last thing he expects is to meet an incredible new woman but he’s falling in love again.
If only she knew...
This time his love interest is a woman named Love played by Victoria Pedretti.
She's best known for her role in The Haunting of Hill House as Eleanor Crain Vance.
It'll be interesting to see how long she lasts in her new role...
Season 1 recap
In case you've forgotten, here's a quick recap on all that went down in season one.
Joe Goldberg is a bookstore manager in New York who falls in love with a young lady named Guinevere Beck.
He becomes obsessed with her and will do anything to win her over.
ANYTHING.
Joe tracks her down after meeting her in his bookstore by use of social media and technology.
His mission involves eliminating anything and anyone that stands in his way.
So he kills her ex boyfriend Benji and her best friend Peach.
He manages to get the girl but unfortunately for him, she discovers his hiding place in his bathroom ceiling.
She finds a box containing her old cellphone alongside Benji's and Peach's.
There's also a host of disturbing items in the container which he's kept as mementos.
Joe soon discovers Beck is onto him so he locks her in the vault in his bookstore.
He ends up killing Beck when she attempts to escape and his heart is broken.
The cliffhanger arrives in the form of his ex girlfriend Candace who greets him in the bookstore.
All 10 episodes drops on December 26th.


Your initials are used in place of your avatar if your avatar is not set. Usernames require a minimum of 3 characters, alphanumeric only.
Your initials are used in place of your avatar if your avatar is not set. Usernames require a minimum of 3 characters, alphanumeric only.


title: Array.prototype.reject status: proposal location: https://github.com/davy-ext-shims/Array.prototype.reject copyright: false contributors: - Tzu-Te Kuo (Davy) - Ecma International
This is the specification for a proposed `Array.prototype.reject` method in JavaScript.
It is modified from `Array.prototype.filter` in ECMAScript specification.
This method works like `Array.prototype.filter` but has opposite result.
_predictor_ should be a function that accepts three arguments and returns a value that is coercible to a Boolean value. `reject` calls _predictor_ once for each element in the array, in ascending order, and constructs a new array of all the values for which _predictor_ returns *false*. _predictor_ is called only for elements of the array which actually exist; it is not called for missing elements of the array.
If a _thisArg_ parameter is provided, it will be used as the *this* value for each invocation of _predictor_. If it is not provided, *undefined* is used instead.
_predictor_ is called with three arguments: the value of the element, the index of the element, and the object being traversed.
`reject` does not directly mutate the object on which it is called but the object *may* be mutated by the calls to _predictor_.
The range of elements processed by `reject` is set before the first call to _predictor_. Elements which are appended to the array after the call to `reject` begins will not be visited by _predictor_. If existing elements of the array are changed their value as passed to _predictor_ will be the value at the time `reject` visits them; elements that are deleted after the call to `reject` begins and before being visited are not visited.
When the `reject` method is called, the following steps are taken:
The `reject` function is intentionally generic; it does not require that its *this* value be an Array. Therefore it can be transferred to other kinds of objects for use as a method.
This specification is authored on GitHub in a plaintext source format called Ecmarkup.
Ecmarkup is an HTML and Markdown dialect that provides a framework and toolset for authoring ECMAScript specifications in plaintext and processing the specification into a full-featured HTML rendering that follows the editorial conventions for this document. Ecmarkup builds on and integrates a number of other formats and technologies including Grammarkdown for defining syntax and Ecmarkdown for authoring algorithm steps.
© 2021 Tzu-Te Kuo (Davy<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Original ECMAScript specification, copyright © 2021 Ecma International
MIT License Copyright (c) 2021 Tzu-Te Kuo (Davy<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


TXC or TechXCon is a Token under by the XDAI BlockChain. TXC is an innovative token use for paperless and less fees.
WHAT: TECHXCON SYMBOL: TXC DECIMAL: 1 TOTAL SUPPLY: 202100000 Contract Address: 0x8DC6D641F97B6fBc38a1Af473F7e44D34AF9ec38 CREATED: APRIL 10 2021 3:24 MAIN HODL ADDRESS: 0xE55351080d3d3c03eBcee73C189BF53ab4190cc5
LANO THE GOD
EWAN KO SA KANYA
IF THEY CAN, WHO CARES?
THOUGH WE ARE ONLY 10 MEMBERS MAX LMAO


{embed='includes/header'} {exp:user:stats} {exp:setup_tracker action_id='1' member_id='{member_id}' position="1"} {/exp:user:stats}


{% load staticfiles %}
Start building your course webpage or online portfolio with our intuitive website builder. Our pre-built templates give you the ability to just choose what you want your site to look like and focus on what is really important, the content. Already have a hosting service? Don't worry you can still use our site building tools and download all the necessary web files so that you can transfer your site to a new host.

All you have to do to build your webpage is select a template and start filling in the information that you want.
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We allow you to download the source code for all the required web files for your site. So you can always host somewhere else.


Current status: Ph.D. Student at Idiap/EPFL, Switzerland on Roxanne Project. Freelance on the side.
Welcome to my blog. My name is Maël and I’m a Data Scientist and Ph.D. student at Idiap research institute (EPFL) in Speech Processing, on ROXANNE European Project.
Outside of Data Science, my interests are:
I have a B.Sc. in Economics and an M.Sc. in Actuarial Science both from the University of Lausanne (HEC Faculty). I don’t expect many people to know what actuarial science is, but to keep it short, it’s mostly applied mathematics and statistics for the insurance sector. I worked for 6 months in an insurance company, developed a large interest in Machine Learning and programming, and joined Telecom Paris (Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France) for a Specialized Master in Data Science. I finished this degree in 2019. I am now a Ph.D. student in Speech Processing at EPFL’s Idiap Lab (start March 2020).
I did an internship as a Data Scientist at Anasen, a Y-Combinator startup in Paris. I previously interned at Veamly in NLP. Outside of that, I’m a Machine Learning instructor at VivaData, an AI Bootcamp in Paris, Stat4Decision and Dakar Insitute of Technology. I also write articles about AI for Digital Minds, Explorium, Stat4Decision and on Medium. My technical interests are:
I started this blog in September 2018 for several reasons:
You can find here a list of all the articles I have written. You will find content related to my fields of interest :
If you have some time ahead of you, I was recently interviewed an shared my background, my experience as a young graduate, thoughts and projects…
All codes and exercises of this website are hosted on GitHub in a dedicated repository:
You can contact me if you think we could work together on an article or a project, or if you have any question/remark. If you would like to get to know more about me and my projects, feel free to check out my resume. I’m uploading articles that I’m writing in my free time. I’m trying to upload one article per week on average.
I recently launched a newsletter in which I gather some articles I wrote on a topic, interesting Github repositories, projects, papers and more! If you want to stay in the loop, I’ll try to send 1 email per month :)
The video displayed above was shot in Tasmania, in the Wineglass Bay. The countryside is truly stunning out there.
This website gathered a little more than 66’000 unique visitors (March 2020) since its creation. Where do other visitors come from?
This website is adapted from Minimal Mistakes theme for Jekyll. I have essentially modified some layout elements, the video layer, the pulsing arrow in the home page and some widgets. If you would like to use it for your own blog, feel free to fork the repository.


{% extends "layout_bsa.html" %} {% block page_title %} NHS Penalty Charge Notice {% endblock %} {% block content %} BETA This is a new service – your feedback will help us to improve it. Challenge a Penalty Charge Notice When are you available to speak to us on week days? Select all of the times you are available. 9am to 12 noon 12 noon to 1pm 1pm to 5pm 5pm to 7pm Cancel {% endblock %}
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Spacebrew Examples
Please remember to give your client a unique name. You can click one of the following links and add your unique name after the "name=" in the query string and press enter to re-load the page with your unique name.
Basic Examples
Advanced Examples


Hi!
I am Alivia and here is my solution to the reverse a string challenge.
When you are ready lets retrieve our string
Get String


WSO2 Governance Registry is providing each user to have their own user profile. User can go to 'My Profile' link in the main left panel and can fill the default profiles and add some more profiles with different profile names. After filling profiles information user can import those profiles as a resource in Governance Registry. User can import User profiles as a normal resource in Registry by selecting import custom content media type application/vnd.wso2-profiles+. This will load a custom UI as follows.
Figure 1: Custom UI for Profiles
You have to give the user name of the profiles owner and obviously this user name is the user name of the account owner. For the future purposes, we are not taking the user name from the session configuration. Once user name submitted all the profiles information will import to registry as a resource in to "/system/users". This will create a collection inside "/system/users" directory with the given user name and inside that there will be a resource called Profiles which contains all the information of the profiles of that user.
Figure 2: Updating the Profile
Successful profile import will direct user to the newly added resource location which will be "/system/users".
In Governance Registry, creating a custom ui is a way for the user to implement his own UI implementatons according to his own wish. It is mainly assosiciated with Media types. A detailed sample is available on "How to create a Custom User Interface" under samples folder.


Manchester United Fanclub
The 2019/20 football season was a success for Manchester United. It managed to qualify for the UEFA Champions League for the next season. The club is also doing good in showcasing junior talent. The video above shows how hardd they work for the victory at the training grounds.


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Technical Blog: Javascript
JavaScript is very popular in web development because it allows websites to be more dynamic. It allows for the document content to be easily altered and interacted with by the user. An easy way to conceptualize it is to understand the difference between a web page and a web application. A web page is static, with the content created by HTML and the styling created by CSS. The user can navigate to other links from the page, but other than that it's not terribly interactive.
Web applications, on the other hand, require script code. Smartphone applications can change activities upon the touch of a button with an action listener class. Similarly, for a website programmed with JavaScript, clicking a button can lead to a change of HTML in the document. In short, JavaScript is used to generate and alter the HTML of a site. As different "events" happen (clicking a button, entering query), the JavaScript code responds appropriately to update the site's information.
JavaScript also makes the code more organized with the use of object-oriented programming. Separating the markup/content(HTML) from the styling (CSS) from the behavior (JavaScript) makes the code easier to write and to read. In addition to being used as a part of web browsers, it also has some other applications, such as with game development.
It does, apparently, have some limitations. For example, JavaScript itself cannot access databases. It also cannot read from or write files to the client. Despite its high degree of browser compatibility, there can also be some differences in the way it is rendered in different browsers, just like with HTML. In addition, JavaScript may be disabled in some browsers for security purposes, which keeps a good amount of websites from working the way they were meant to.


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| 31 Dec 1943 |
Henry John Deutschendorf Jr. born in Roswell, New Mexico. |
| c. 1964 |
Begins calling himself "John Denver" because of his fondness for the Rocky Mountains. |
| 1966 |
Meets Annie Martell in St. Peter, Minnesota. |
| 9 Jun 1967 |
Marries Annie Martell. |
| 1974 |
Governor John Vanderhoof names Denver Colorado's Poet Laureate. |
| 1976 |
Purchases 1,000 acres in Snowmass, Colorado, for an environmental school and learning center called "Windstar". |
| 1982 |
Divorces Annie Martell. |
| 19 Sep 1985 |
Senatorial hearings are held regarding pornography in music, and what steps the senate might take to fix this problem. The hearings are at the behest of the Parents' Music Resource Center (PMRC), co-founded by Tipper Gore, wife of Senator Al Gore. Three musicians come to speak on behalf of artists: Frank Zappa, Dee Snider, and John Denver. Denver's testimony most famously includes describing how his song Rocky Mountain High was dropped from radio stations because it was assumed to be about drug use. |
| 1986 |
Meets Cassandra Delaney, in Sydney, Australia. |
| 12 Aug 1988 |
Marries Cassandra Delaney. |
| 1993 |
Divorces Cassandra Delaney. |
| Jan 1994 |
Ford Introduces the "Windstar", a minivan that gets 17mpg city, 24mpg highway. |
| Aug 1994 |
John Denver slams his antique yellow Porsche into a cluster of trees in his Aspen, Colorado neighborhood. His blood level is listed at .128, above the state's legal limit of under the influence. |
| Mar 1995 |
DUI charges against Denver are set aside. The judge rules that trying Denver would amount to double punishment (double jeopardy) due to his previous administrative hearing to suspend his driver's license. |
| Mar 1997 |
The Federal Aviation Administration disqualifies John Denver for an avation medical certificate, citing his drinking problem. An aviation medical certificate is required for a valid pilot's license. |
| 13 Jul 1997 |
The trial against John Denver for the drunken driving ends in a hung jury, deadlocked 3-3. Denver's defense attorney had argued that Denver suffered from a thyroid condition that skewed blood alcohol tests. |
| 12 Oct 1997 |
Folk singer John Denver dies when his newest toy, a homebuilt Long-EZ single-seat airplane, crashes into the ocean near Monterey, California. Unfortunately, the person who constructed the plane opted to locate the fuel tank selector valve behind the pilot's left shoulder. In order for Denver to reach back and switch tanks, he had to let go of the flight controls. At which point, the aircraft plunged 500 feet into the Pacific Ocean. Divers later recover most of the body, but not the head. Denver is ultimately identified by his fingerprints. |


{% load static %}
| dns lookup : | {{spf1}} |
| Command : | {{spf11}} |
| pass : | {{spf2}} |
| neutral : | {{spf3}} |
| softfail : | {{spf4}} |
| fail : | {{spf5}} |
| include : | {{spf6}} |
| redirect : | {{spf7}} |
| SPF record doesn't have '~all', rejecting all suspicious records is a recommended practise |
| DMARC Entry | {{dmarc1}} |
| v : | {{dmarc2}} |
| p : | {{dmarc3}} |
| sp : | {{dmarc4}} |
| rua : | {{dmarc5}} |
| adkim : | {{dmarc6}} |
| aspf : | {{dmarc7}} |
| fo : | {{dmarc8}} |
| pct : | {{dmarc9}} |
| rf : | {{dmarc10}} |
| ri : | {{dmarc11}} |
| Dkim record has p=none, having a strong policy is most reccomended |
| {{i }} | |
This division checks for trustworthiness of IP/domain
| {{j}} | {{k}} |
| {{i}} | {{j}} |
| {{i}} | {{j}} |
| {{ j }} | {{v}} |


Meet the Team!
The React guy.
Home page creator
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Broodmother
Tips
- Always be checking your enemy's items. If they're sitting around with a single sentry ward, you can be
sure that they know where you are and they're waiting for the right moment to pounce.
- Always be checking your enemy's mana. If they've been blowing spells left and right to try to farm your
spiders, they're leaving themselves vulnerable for an easy kill.
- You get Spiderites on Spiderling denies (or creep denies).  Boom, free
Spiderites. That's another second of sweet, sweet tower sieging.
- If an enemy is on top of your web and you want to kill them with spiders, try giving all your spiders a
move/follow command on the enemy hero first. They'll seamlessly stack on the enemy and their first
attack will deal a ton of damage before the enemy has a chance to react.
- In lane, time your spider harass with enemy last hits.
- Spiders can also be used to block or stack camps. If you're farming in the lane send some Spiders to the
nearby jungle camps that you know you're going to farm or stack them.
- Spiders are also useful for cutting off creeps. Send a pile of spiders behind an enemy tower and mess
with the creep equilibrium by luring them into the jungle.
- Spiderlings and Spiderites have nearly the same vision radius as a hero. If you're freefarming your legs
off send a lone spider to chill somewhere up ahead to scout.
- Webs have a global cast range as long as the new one you're casting is touching an old one.
- Manta Style is a worthwhile early pickup on Brood. You can Manta out of Dust, your Illusions get
Incapacitating Bite, and the move speed bonus from webs can be used by illusions (illusions don't get
the free pathing, however).
Counters
- Don't sit around with one sentry in your inventory. Either quickly place both down or drop the extra
somewhere near your tower.  Don't pull the ripcord too quickly or take too long. If her creep wave
just died you can be sure that your creeps are going to start hitting her in her web and will completely
give the jig up. Similarly, don't just throw down a sentry and then start auto attacking her wildly.
- Try to sneak up with your AoE spells. Broodmothers will immediately call their spiders off as soon as
they see Lina float into their lane. Cast something like Illuminate from the fog, however, and you'll be
making that paper.
- Get a Stout Shield/Poor Man's Shield to negate a lot of Spiderling/ite damage. Even as a ranged hero it
can be worth it.

- Not Earthshaker. No, I'm sorry, but Shaker is an awful counter to Brood unless the enemy Brood is
awful, in which case you don't need to counterpick her. By the time Shaker is able to farm a Blink,
you've probably already lost every tower worth defending. You'll note that all the counters I mentioned
counter her in lane. Shaker does nothing against a Brood during the laning phase.


1. Grilled Sausages with Chunky Tomato Porcini Sauce Bon Appétit, June 1994
2. Grilled Pork Chops with Clams and Chorizo Gourmet, October 2006
3. Salmon and Corn Chowder Wood-Fired Cooking, May 2009
4. Chicken and Sausage Maque Choux Gourmet, September 1999
5. Clay-Pot Miso Chicken Gourmet, October 2007
6. Hake with Wild Mushrooms Gourmet, October 2007
7. Shepherd's Pie Cookie, October 2007
8. Cuban-Style Burgers with Grilled Ham & Cheese Build A Better Burger, June 2009
9. Spring Lamb with Grilled Baby Artichokes –... Mixt Salads, May 2010
10. Napa Valley Basil-Smoked Burgers Build a Better Burger, June 2009
11. Shrimp, Chicken, and Andouille Gumbo Bon Appétit, December 2006
12. Sophisto Joes Gourmet, October 2007
1. Fast, Warm Food for Winter Gourmet
2. Get it Ripe Gourmet
3. Fast, Fresh Flavors for Summer Gourmet
4. Seoul Food Bon Appétit
5. Christmas Eve, Big & Easy Bon Appétit
6. Classic Recipes from Jacques Pépin's Essent... Epicurious
7. Speedy Summer Dishes Gourmet
8. All-American Barbecue Menu Bon Appétit
9. Guess Who's Cooking the Dinner Gourmet
10. Speedy Winter Suppers and More Gourmet
11. The New Hanukkah Bon Appétit
12. Sophisticated Summer Buffet Bon Appétit
1. Our Favorite Roast Recipes Recipes and tips for roasting beef, poultry, lamb, and pork
2. Rib Essentials BBQ masters Ardie A. Davis and Paul Kirk share recipes and tips for grilling and smoking pork, beef, bison, and lamb ribs
3. Hamburger Helper A guide to achieving burger perfection, whether starting with store-bought ground beef or grinding it yourself
4. France: Cassoulet Recipe, Video, and Cooking Tips In this episode of our video series on international cuisines, learn how to a French meat and bean stew
5. The History of Burgoo Jean Anderson digs deep into Kentucky Burgoo's past
6. Our Favorite Salmon Recipes Recipes and tips for succulent salmon
7. Leftovers for Lunch Easy ideas for turning last night's dinner into lunchbox treats
8. Take-Out Favorites: Chicken Tikka Masala With Julie Sahni's easy recipe and helpful kitchen tips, you can make this Indian-restaurant favorite at home
9. Puerto Rico: Mofongo Recipe, Video, and Cooking... In this episode of our video series on international cuisines, learn the secret to making Puerto Rican plantain balls
10. Vietnam: Pho Bo Recipe, Video, and Cooking Tips In this episode of our video series on international cuisines, learn how to make a classic Vietnamese recipe for pho bo
11. Best Chicken Recipes Tasty, top-rated recipes for chicken that's grilled, roasted, and fried
12. Best Steak Recipes Steak recipes for beef cuts including rib eye, skirt, and porterhouse
Le Pain Quotidien Cookbook, July 2013
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Copyright (c) 2020 top4u
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
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| CONTENTS |
It has been said that "the only thing we learn from history is that people don't learn from history."
Fortunately, the original maxim that "history repeats itself" is more appropriate to Unix.
Most shells include a powerful history mechanism that lets you recall and repeat past commands, potentially editing them before execution. This can be a godsend, especially when typing a long or complex command.
All that is needed to set C shell history in motion is a command like this in your .cshrc (or .tcshrc) file, where n is the number of past commands that you want to save:
set history=n
In ksh and bash, the variable is HISTSIZE, and it's already set for you; the default values are 128 and 500, respectively.
The history command (Section 30.7) lists the saved commands, each with an identifying number. (It's also possible to configure the shells to print the history number of each command as part of your prompt (Section 4.3).)
In tcsh, csh, and bash, you can repeat a past command by typing its number (or its name) preceded by an exclamation point (!). You can also select only parts of the command to be repeated and use various editing operators to modify it. Section 30.8 and Section 28.5 give quick tutorial summaries of some of the wonderful things you can do. Most of the rest of the chapter gives a miscellany of tips for using and abusing the shells' history mechanism.
Most shells except the original Bourne and C shells also have interactive command-line editing (Section 30.14). Interactive editing might seem to be better than typing !vi or lpr !$. If you learn both systems, though, you'll find plenty of cases where the ! system is faster and more useful than interactive editing.
TOR
Summary BoxThe C shell and bash can save copies of the previous command lines you type. Later, you can ask for a copy of some or all of a previous command line. That can save time and retyping. This feature is called history substitution, and it's done when you type a string that starts with an exclamation point (!command). You can think of it like variable substitution ($varname) (Section 35.9) or command substitution ('command') (Section 28.14): the shell replaces what you type (like !$) with something else (in this case, part or all of a previous command line). Section 30.1 is an introduction to shell history. These articles show lots of ways to use history substitution:
One last note: putting the history number in your prompt (Section 4.3) makes it easy to reuse commands that haven't scrolled off your screen. JP |
I use !$ so much that it's almost a single character to me. It means "take the last thing on the previous command line." Since most Unix commands have the filename last, you often need to type filenames only once, and then you can use !$ in subsequent lines. Here are some examples of where it comes in handy:
I get a lot of tar archives (Section 39.2). To extract and edit a file from them, I first make a backup for easy comparison after editing:
% tar xzf prog.1.05.tar.gz foo.c % cp -i !$ !$.orig cp -i foo.c foo.c.orig
The same trick is also good when you've edited a file with vi and then want to check its spelling:
% vi fred.letter.txt % ispell !$
You often want to move a file to another directory and then cd to that directory. The !$ sequence can also be used to refer to a directory:
% mv grmacs.tar /usr/lib/tmac % cd !$ cd /usr/lib/tmac
AN
I use !$ (Section 30.3) a lot, but my favorite history substitution is !:n*, where n is a number from 0 to 9. It means "take arguments n through the last argument on the previous command line." Since I tend to use more than one argument with Unix commands, this lets me type the arguments (usually filenames) only once. For example, to use RCS (Section 39.5) and make an edit to article files named Section 35.5 and Section 29.2 for this book, I did:
% co -l 1171.sgm 6830.sgm 2340.sgm RCS/1171.sgm,v -> 1171.sgm ... RCS/2340.sgm,v -> 2340.sgm revision 1.8 (locked) done % vi !:2* vi 1171.sgm 6830.sgm 2340.sgm 3 files to edit ... % ci -m"Changed TERM xref." !* ci -m"Changed TERM xref." 1171.sgm 6830.sgm 2340.sgm ...
In the first command line (co), I typed the filenames as arguments 2, 3, and 4. In the second command line (vi), I used !:2*; which grabbed arguments 2 through the last (in this case, argument 4) from the first command line. The result was a second command line that had those three filenames as its arguments 1, 2, and 3. So, in the third command line (ci), I used !* to pick arguments 1 through the last from the previous (second) command line. (!* is shorthand for !:1*.)
You can also grab arguments from previous command lines. For example, !em:2* grabs the second through last arguments on the previous emacs command line (command line starting with "em"). There are lots more of these in Section 30.8.
If these examples look complicated, they won't be for long. Just learn to count to the first argument you want to grab. It took me years to start using these substitutions but they've saved me so much typing that I'm sorry I didn't get started earlier!
JP
Well, maybe it's not my favorite, but it's probably the history substitution I use most often. It's especially handy if you have fumble-fingers on a strange keyboard:
% cat myflie cat: myflie: No such file or directory % ^li^il cat myfile
Obviously, this doesn't save much typing for a short command, but it can sure be handy with a long one. I also use ^^ with :p (Section 30.11) to recall an earlier command so I can change it. For example:
% !m:p more gobbledygook.c % ^k^k2 more gobbledygook2.c
The point is sometimes not to save typing, but to save the effort of remembering, such as, I want to print the file I looked at earlier, but don't remember the exact name.
[My keyboard can repeat characters when I'm not expecting it. I use a single ^ to delete extra characters. For example:
% lpr sources/aproggg.c lpr: sources/aproggg.c: no such file or directory % ^gg lpr sources/aprog.c
You could type ^gg^, but the second caret isn't required. With a single caret, you don't type a replacement string just the string to delete. JP]
TOR
We all know about using ls before a wildcarded rm to make sure that we're only deleting what we want. But that doesn't really solve the problem: you can type ls a* and then mistakenly type rm s* with bad consequences it's just a minor slip of your finger. But what will always work is:
% ls a* a1 a2 a3 % rm !$
(ls -d a* (Section 8.5) will make less output if any subdirectory names match the wildcard.)
Using the history mechanism to grab the previous command's arguments is a good way to prevent mistakes.
ML
Most of the history examples we've shown use the first few letters in a command's name: !em to repeat the previous Emacs command, for example. But you also can recall previous commands by their numbered position in the history list. That's useful when you have several command lines that start with the same command. It's also more useful than interactive command-line editing (Section 30.14) when you'd like to see a lot of previous commands at once and then choose one of them by number.
To list previous commands, use the history command. For instance, in bash and the C shells, history 20 shows your last 20 commands. In zsh and the Korn shell, use a hyphen before the number: history -20 (also see the discussion of fc, later in this article). Here's an example:
$ history 8 15 show last +upt/authors 16 vi ../todo 17 co -l 0444.sgm 18 vi 0444.sgm 19 ci -u 0444.sgm 20 rcsdiff -u3.4 0444.sgm > /tmp/0444-diff.txt 21 scp /tmp/0444-diff.txt webhost:adir/11.03-diff.txt 22 getmail;ndown $ rm !20:$ rm /tmp/0444-diff.txt $ !16 vi ../todo
The number at the start of each line is the history number. So, to remove the temporary file I created in command 20 (the name of which I'd already forgotten!), I can use !20:$ (Section 30.8) to pass that filename as an argument to rm. And to repeat command 16 (vi ../todo), I can type !16.
This sort of thing is often faster than using arrow keys and editor commands to recall and edit previous commands. It lets me see several commands all at once, which makes it easier to spot the one(s) I want and to remember what I was doing as I worked. I use it so often that I've got a set of aliases that list bigger and bigger chunks of previous commands and an alias that searches history, giving me a chunk of matching command lines. Here they are in C shell syntax:
less Section 12.3, \!* Section 29.3
alias h history 5 # show last five lines alias hi history 10 # show last ten lines alias his history 20 # show last 20 lines alias hist 'history 40 | less' # show last 40; pipe to 'less' alias histo 'history 70 | less' # show last 70; pipe to 'less' alias H 'history -r | fgrep "\!*"' # find something in history
The history -r option shows the list in reverse order: most recent first. If you don't give a count of lines to list, you'll see all of them.
|
To avoid typing the history command, you can include the history number in your prompt (Section 4.3). Then you can repeat a recent command by glancing up your screen to find the command number from its prompt.
There's another way to see a list of your previous commands in bash, ksh, and zsh: the command fc -l (lowercase L, for "list"). (In ksh, the command history is actually just an alias that executes fc -l.) By itself, fc -l lists the previous 16 commands:
$ fc -l ... 19 ls -F 20 less expn.c 21 vi expn.c 22 make 23 expn<EMAIL_ADDRESS>24 fc -l
For an even shorter list, give fc the first number or name you want to list. For instance, fc -l vi or fc -l 21 would give the last four lines above. You can also use a second argument that ends the range before the current line. If you type fc -l vi expn or fc -l 21 23, you'll see commands 21 through 23.
tcsh and zsh automatically keep timestamps with their history. The tcsh command history shows the time of day by default. In zsh, you can see this info with the options -d, which shows the times, -f, which shows both dates and times, and -D, which shows elapsed times. For example, the scp command started running at 12:23 (PM) and took 1 minute 29 seconds to run:
% fc -l -f -4 1003 10/23/2000 12:23 nup 1004 10/23/2000 12:23 scp ../upt3_changes.html webhost:adir/. 1005 10/23/2000 12:25 less /etc/hosts 1006 10/23/2000 12:25 getmail;ndown % fc -l -D -5 1003 0:29 nup 1004 1:29 scp ../upt3_changes.html webhost:adir/. 1005 0:05 less /etc/hosts 1006 0:21 getmail;ndown 1007 0:00 fc -l -f -4
zsh also has several related options for fc that allow for the history to be written out to a file, read in from a file, et cetera. The other shells allow for even more extended functionality. In bash, for example, fc -e with appropriate options will start an editor (defined by the FCEDIT environment variable) and load up a new file containing the recent history items. Think of it is jump starting a script from a sequence of (hopefully) successfully executed commands. See the other shells' manual pages for more details.
JP and SJC
Although most of the examples here use echo to demonstrate clearly just what is going on, you'll normally use history with other Unix commands.
The exclamation point (!) is the default (Section 30.15) history substitution character. This allows you to recall previously entered commands and re-execute them without retyping. To use the ! in a command line, you have several choices. Some of the following examples are more of a headache than they may be worth, but they are also used to select arguments from the command line in aliases (Section 29.3):
!! repeats the last command.
!: repeats the last command. This form is used if you want to add a modifier (Section 28.5) like the following:
% echo xy xy % !:s/xy/yx echo yx yx
The second ! was left out.
!so repeats the last command that starts with so.
!?fn? repeats the last command that has fn anywhere in it. The string could be found in an argument or in the command name. This is opposed to !fn, in which !fn must be in a command name. (The last ? need not be there. Thus !?fn means the same thing.)
!34executes command number 34. You can find the appropriate history number when you list your history using the history command, or by putting the history number in your prompt (Section 4.3).
!! & adds an ampersand (&) to the end of the last command, which executes it and places it into the background. You can add anything to the end of a previous command. For example:
% cat -v foo ... % !! | more cat -v foo | more ...
In this case the shell will repeat the command to be executed and run it, adding the pipe through the more pager. Another common usage is:
% cat -v foo ... % !! > out cat -v foo > out
which returns the command but redirects the output into a file.
!:0selects only the command name, rather than the entire command line.
% /usr/bin/grep Ah fn1 ... % !:0 Bh fn2 /usr/bin/grep Bh fn2
Note that as an operator (Section 28.5,), :0 can be appended to these history substitutions as well. For example, !!:0 will give the last command name, and a colon followed by any number will give the corresponding argument. For example, !:3 gives the third argument:
% cat fn fn1 fn2 ... % more !:3 more fn2 ...
!:2-4 gives the second through the fourth argument; use any numbers you choose:
% echo 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 % echo !:2-4 echo 2 3 4 2 3 4
!:-3 gives zero through the third argument; use any number you wish:
% echo 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 % echo !:-3 echo echo 1 2 3 echo 1 2 3
!^ gives the first argument of the previous command. This is the same as !:1. Remember that just as the ^ (caret) is the beginning-of-line anchor in regular expressions (Section 32.5), !^ gives the beginning history argument.
% cat fn fn1 fn2 ... % more !^ more fn ...
!$ gives the last argument of the last command. In the same way that $ (dollar sign) is the end-of-line anchor in regular expressions, !$ gives the ending history argument. Thus:
% cat fn ... % more !$ more fn ...
The new command (more) is given the last argument of the previous command. This is also handy for pulling the last argument from earlier commands, which is typically a filename. To get the last argument from the previous vi command, for example, you'd use !vi:$. So you could type lpr !vi:$ to print the last file you edited with vi.
!*is shorthand for the first through the last argument. This is used a lot in aliases:
% echo 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 % echo !* echo 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
In an alias:
alias vcat 'cat -v \!* | more'
This alias will pipe the output of cat -v (Section 12.4) command through more. The backslash (\) has to be there to hide the history character, !, until the alias is used see Section 29.3 for more information.
!:2* gives the second through the last arguments; use any number you wish:
% echo 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 % echo !:2* echo 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5
!:2- is like 2* but the last argument is dropped:
% echo 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 % echo !:2- echo 2 3 4 2 3 4
!?fn?% gives the first word found that has fn in it:
% sort fn1 fn2 fn3 ... % echo !?fn?% echo fn1 fn1
That found the fn in fn1. You can get wilder with:
% echo 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 % echo !?ec?^ echo 1 1
That selected the command that had ec in it, and the caret (^) said to give the first argument of that command. You can also do something like this:
% echo fn fn1 fn2 fn fn1 fn2 % echo !?fn1?^ !$ echo fn fn2 fn fn2
That cryptic command told the shell to look for a command that had fn1 in it (!?fn1?), and gave the first argument of that command (^). Then it gave the last argument (!$).
^xy^yx is the shorthand substitution (Section 30.3, Section 30.5) command. In the case of:
% echo xxyyzzxx xxyyzzxx % ^xx^ab echo abyyzzxx abyyzzxx
it replaced the first set of characters xx with ab. This makes editing the previous command much easier.
!!:s/xx/ab/ is doing the same thing as the previous example, but it is using the substitute command instead of the ^. This works for any previous command, as in:
% more afile bfile ... % echo xy xy % !m:s/b/c/ more afile cfile
You do not have to use the slashes (/); any character can act as a delimiter.
% !!:s:xy:yx
There we used colons (:), good when the characters you're trying to edit contain a slash. If you want to add more to the replacement, use & to "replay it" and then add on whatever you like:
% echo xy xy % !!:s/xy/&yx echo xyyx xyyx
The & in the replacement part said to give what the search part found, which was the xy characters.
The search part, or left side, cannot include metacharacters (Section 32.3). You must type the actual string you are looking for.
Also, the example above replaces only the first occurrence of xy. To replace them all, use g:
% echo xy xy xy xy xy xy xy xy % !!:s/xy/yx/ echo yx xy xy xy yx xy xy xy % !!:gs/xy/yx/ echo yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
The g command in this case meant "do all the xys." And oddly enough, the g has to come before the s command. This may seem odd to those of you familiar with vi, so be careful.
Or you could have done this:
% echo xy xy xy xy xy xy xy xy % !!:s/xy/yx/ echo yx xy xy xy yx xy xy xy % !!:g& echo yx yx yx yx yx yx yx yx
In this example, we told the shell to globally (:g) replace every matched string from the last command with the last substitution (&). Without the g command, the shells would have replaced just one more xy with yx.
DR
The !! history substitution gives a copy of the previous command. Most people use it to re-execute the previous command line. Sometimes I want to repeat a cycle of two commands, one after the other. To do that, I just type !-2 (second-previous command) over and over:
% vi plot ... % vtroff -w plot ... % !-2 vi plot ... % !-2 vtroff -w plot ...
You can cycle through three commands with !-3, four commands with !-4, and so on. The best part is that if you can count, you never have to remember what to do next. :-)
JP
[There are times when history is not the best way to repeat commands. Here, Jerry gives an example where a few well-chosen aliases can make a sequence of commands, all run on the same file, even easier to execute. TOR]
While I was writing the articles for this book, I needed to look through a set of files, one by one, and run certain commands on some of those files. I couldn't know which files would need which commands, or in what order. So I typed a few temporary aliases on the C shell command line. (I could have used shell functions (Section 29.11) on sh-like shells.) Most of these aliases run RCS (Section 39.5) commands, but they could run any Unix command (compilers, debuggers, printers, and so on).
% alias h 'set f="\!*";co -p -q "$f" | grep NOTE' % alias o 'co -l "$f"' % alias v 'vi "$f"' % alias i 'ci -m"Fixed NOTE." "$f"'
The h alias stores the filename in a shell variable (Section 35.9). Then it runs a command on that file. What's nice is that, after I use h once, I don't need to type the filename again. Other aliases get the filename from $f:
% h ch01_summary NOTE: Shorten this paragraph: % o RCS/ch01_summary,v -> ch01_summary revision 1.3 (locked) done % v "ch01_summary" 23 lines, 1243 characters ...
Typing a new h command stores a new filename.
If you always want to do the same commands on a file, you can store all the commands in one alias:
% alias d 'set f="\!*"; co -l "$f" && vi "$f" && ci "$f"' % d ch01_summary
The && (two ampersands) (Section 35.14) means that the following command won't run unless the previous command returns a zero ("success") status. If you don't want that, use ; (semicolon) (Section 28.16) instead of &&.
JP
Here's how to be more sure of your history before you use it. First, remember that the history substitutions !/ and !fra are replaced with the most recent command lines that started with / and fra, respectively.
If your memory is like mine (not very good), you might not be sure that !/ will bring back the command you want. You can test it by adding :p to the end. The shell will print the substitution but won't execute the command line. If you like what you got, type !! to execute it. For example:
# !/:p /usr/sbin/sendmail -qv # !! /usr/sbin/sendmail -qv Running id12345...
At the first prompt, the :p meant the command line was only printed. At the second prompt, I didn't use :p and the sendmail command was executed. The :p works with all history operators for instance, !?sendmail?:p.
JP
If you want your command history to be remembered even when you log out, set the C shell's savehist shell variable (Section 35.9) to the number of lines of history you want saved. Other shells save history automatically; you don't need to set a variable. (If you want to change the number of lines saved by bash, set its HISTFILESIZE environment variable. In zsh, the variable is SAVEHIST. In ksh, the HISTSIZE variable sets the number of commands available to be recalled in your current shell as well the number saved for other shells.)
When you log out, the specified number of lines from the csh history list will be saved in a file called .history in your home directory. zsh, bash and ksh use the filename given in the HISTFILE environment variable. By default, bash calls the file .bash_history, and the original ksh uses .sh_history but note that the new pdksh and zsh don't save history unless you set HISTFILE to a filename. For zsh, I chose $HOME/.zsh_history, but you can use anything you want.
On modern windowing systems, this isn't as trivial as it sounds. On an old-style terminal, people usually started only one main shell, so they could set the history-saving variable in their .login or .profile file and have it apply to their login shell.
However, under window systems like X or networked filesystems that share your home directory between several hosts, or on networked servers to which you might login via ssh, you may have multiple shells saving into the same history file. Linux systems with multiple virtual consoles (Section 23.12) logged on as the same user will have the same problem. The shells might be overwriting instead of appending, or appending instead of overwriting, or jumbling commands together when you want them separated. The sections below give some possible fixes.
Here's the basic way to give a separate history file to each bash, zsh, or ksh shell: customize your setup file (Section 3.3) to set a different HISTFILE on each host or each window. Use names like $HOME/.sh_history.windown or ~/.bash_history.hostname to match each file to its window or host. If your setup is always the same each time you log in, that should give each window and/or host the same history it had on the last invocation. (There are related tips in Section 3.18 and a series starting at Section 3.10.)
If you open random windows, though, you'll have a harder time automatically matching a history file to a shell the next time you log in. Cook up your own scheme.
The simplest fix is to use $$ (Section 27.17) which will probably expand differently in almost every shell you ever start as a unique part of the filename. Here are two possibilities:
HISTFILE=/tmp/sh_hist.$$ HISTFILE=$HOME/.sh_hist.$$
The first example uses the system's temporary-file directory. If your system's /tmp is cleaned out often, you may be able to leave your history files there and let the system remove them; ask the administrator. Note that the history file may be world-readable (Section 50.2) if your umask isn't set to protect your files. If that matters to you, you could make the temporary files in your home directory (or some protected directory), as in the second example shown earlier. Alternately, at the end of each session, you might want to run a command that appends your shell's history file to a global history file that you then read in at startup of a new session (see below).
Two more bits of trivia:
The original Korn shell maintains the history file constantly, adding a new line to it as soon as you run a command. This means you share history between all your current shells with the same HISTFILE name, which can be a benefit or a problem.
In most other shells, each shell process keeps its own history list in memory. History isn't written to the history file (named by the HISTFILE variable in each shell) until the shell exits.
In bash, you can force a write with the command history -w. In the same way, if you have an existing history file (or, actually, any file full of command lines), you can read it into your current bash with history -r. Section 30.13 has another example. Each shell has its own way to do this, so check your manual page carefully and experiment to get it right.
In tcsh, you can set a history file name in the histfile variable; the default filename is .history in your home directory. To avoid conflicts between multiple saved tcsh histories, use a system like the one described earlier for Bourne shells.
The original C shell has only one possible filename for its automatic history file: .history. If you set the C shell variable savehist in each of your windows (e.g., by setting it in your .cshrc or .tcshrc), they will all try to write .history at once, leading to trouble. And even if that weren't true, you get the history from every window or host, which might not be what you want.
Of course, you could set savehist manually in a single window when you thought you were doing work you might want to pick up later. But there is another way: use the C shell's command history -h (which prints the history list without leading numbers, so it can be read back in later) and redirect the output to a file. Then use source -h to read it back into your history list when you log in.
Do you want to automate this? First, you'll need to choose a system of filenames, like ~/.history.windown or ~/.history.hostname, to match each file to its window or host. If each of your C shells is a login shell (Section 3.4),[1] you can run history -h from your .logout file and source -h from your .login file. For nonlogin shells, automation is tougher try this:
Set the ignoreeof variable to force you to leave the shell with an exit (Section 24.4) command.
Set an alias for exit (Section 29.8) that runs history -h before exiting.
Run source -h from your .cshrc or .tcshrc file. Use a $?prompt test to be sure this runs only in interactive shells.
If you choose to run history -h and source -h by hand occasionally, they will allow you the kind of control you need to write a script (Section 30.13) that saves and restores only what you want.
JP, TOR, and SJC
Most shells can save a history of the commands you type (Section 30.12). You can add your own commands to some shells' history lists without retyping them. Why would you do that?
You might have a set of commands that you want to be able to recall and reuse every time you log in. This can be more convenient than aliases because you don't have to think of names for the aliases. It's handier than a shell script if you need to do a series of commands that aren't always in the same order.
You might have several shells running (say, in several windows) and want to pass the history from one shell to another shell (Section 30.12).
Unfortunately, this isn't easy to do in all shells. For instance, the new pdksh saves its history in a file with NUL-separated lines. And the tcsh history file has a timestamp-comment before each saved line, like this:
#+0972337571 less 1928.sgm #+0972337575 vi 1928.sgm #+0972337702 ls -lt | head
Let's look at an example for two of the shells that make history editing easy. Use the csh command history -h, or the bash command history -w, to save the history from a shell to a file. Edit the file to take out commands you don't want:
% mail -s "My report" bigboss $ mail -s "My report" bigboss ... ... % history -h > history.std $ history -w history.std % vi history.std $ vi history.std ...Clean up history... ...Clean up history...
Read that file into another shell's history list with the csh command source -h or the bash command history -r:
% source -h history.std $ history -r history.std % !ma $ !ma mail -s "My report" bigboss mail -s "My report" bigboss
Of course, you can also use bash interactive command-line editing (Section 30.14) on the saved commands.
JP
When Unix started, a lot of people used real teletypes with a roll or box of paper instead of a glass screen. So there was no way to recall and edit previous commands. (You could see them on the paper, of course, but to reuse them you had to retype them.) The C shell added history substitution operators (Section 30.2) that were great on teletypes and are still surprisingly useful on "glass teletypes" these days. All shells except the oldest Bourne shells still have history substitution, although it's limited in the Korn shells.
Modern shells also have interactive command-line editing. That's the ability to recall previous command lines and edit them using familiar vi or emacs commands. Arrow keys along with Backspace and DELETE keys generally work, too. So you don't need to know emacs or vi to edit command lines. But especially if you're comfortable with Emacs-style commands (meta-this that, control-foo bar) you'll find that most shells let you do much more than simply editing command lines. Shells can automatically correct spelling, complete partially-typed filenames (Section 28.6), and much more.
The basic idea of command-line editing is that the previous commands are treated like lines in a plain-text file, with the most recently typed commands at the "end" of the file. By using the editor's "up line" commands (like k in vi or C-p in Emacs), you can bring copies of earlier commands under your cursor, where you can edit them or simply re-execute them without changes. (It's important to understand that you're not editing the original commands; you're editing copies of them. You can recall a previous command as many times as you want to; its original version won't be changed as you edit the copy.) When you've got a command you want to run, you simply press ENTER; your cursor doesn't have to be at the end of the line. You can use CTRL-c (C-c in Emacs jargon) to cancel a command without running it and get a clean shell prompt.
It would be easy for us to fill a chapter with info on command-line editing. (In this book's fourth edition, maybe we should!) Because every shell has its own way to do this, though, we've decided to stick to the basics with a few of the bells and whistles tossed in as examples. To really dig into this, check your shell's manpage or its Nutshell Handbook.
Another way to do history editing is with your own editor: use the fc command.
All shells with command-line editing have support for basic vi commands, but it's usually not complete and historically not well documented. For instance, I've used some shells where the . (dot) command wouldn't repeat the previous edit and other shells where it would but neither shell's manual page mentioned this useful fact. Macros are limited, and you don't define them with the usual map (Section 18.2) command; instead, the shell's built-in key binding command controls which built-in shell editing function is executed when a key is pressed. (The Korn shell doesn't allow any special vi bindings, though at least it has complete documentation.) Still, with all those caveats, you'll probably find that vi editing is pretty comfortable if you already know vi. (If you don't know vi, though, I'd recommend Emacs editing. See the next section.)
At a bare shell prompt, you're effectively in vi text-input mode: the characters you type appear on the command line. If you want to edit, press ESC to go to command mode. Then you can use typical commands like dw to delete a word and ct. to change all characters to the next dot on the line. Commands like a, i, and c take you to text-input mode. You can execute a command line from either command mode or text-input mode: just press ENTER anywhere on the line.
One difference between the shell's vi mode and real vi is that the direction of searches is opposite. In real vi, the motion command k and the search command ? (question mark) both move to previous commands. In shells, k still moves to a previous command, but / (slash) searches for previous commands. By the way, after you specify a search with \, press ENTER to do the search. These differences from real vi can be confusing at first, but with practice they soon become natural.
To choose vi mode, type set -o vi in Bourne-type shells and bindkey -v in tcsh. In bash, you may also use keymap editor, with a variety of different editor settings (Section 30.14.5), to set up the editing mode. To make this the default, store the command in your shell's setup file (Section 3.3) (in bash, you can also edit your Readline inputrc file). You can switch back and forth between the two modes as you work; this is useful because the Emacs mode lets you do things you can't do in vi.
If you know the Emacs (Section 19.1) editor, you'll feel right at home in the shells. Although the support isn't complete for instance, you can't write eLisp code (and you can't run psychoanalyze-pinhead (Section 19.13) :-)) the emacs-mode commands act like a natural extension to traditional, simple shell editing commands. So, even if you don't know emacs, you'll probably be comfortable with emacs mode. Even many browsers nowadays use the traditional emacs mode commands for moving about in the Location field, so you may already know some of these even if you're not aware that you do.
To move to the beginning of a line, use C-a (that's CTRL-a in Emacs-speak); C-e moves to the end of a line. C-f moves forward a character, and C-b moves backward one character (without deleting). C-n moves forward to the next command, and C-p moves backward to the previous line. Your keyboard's arrow keys probably also work. Your shell has at least one search command; try C-r to start a search and press ENTER to run the search.
Your keyboard's usual delete key (Backspace or DEL) deletes one character backward, and C-d deletes one character forward. C-k deletes ("kills") to the end of the line, and C-w deletes ("wipes") backward to the start of the line.
To choose emacs mode, type set -o emacs in Bourne-type shells and bindkey -e in tcsh. In bash, use one of the keymap editor commands, such as keymap emacs. To make this the default, store the command in your shell's setup file (Section 3.3) (in bash, you can also edit your Readline inputrc file). You can switch back and forth between emacs and vi modes as you work.
The bindkey command is used to bind keys to built-in editor functions. With no arguments, it gives a list of all key bindings, like this:
tcsh> bindkey Standard key bindings "^@" -> set-mark-command "^A" -> beginning-of-line "^B" -> backward-char ... "Ą" to "^y" -> self-insert-command Alternative key bindings Multi-character bindings "^[[A" -> up-history "^[[B" -> down-history ... "^X^D" -> list-choices-raw Arrow key bindings down -> down-history up -> up-history left -> backward-char right -> forward-char
In this list, ^ (caret) starts control characters, so ^A means CTRL-a. ^[ is an escape character (which is also generated when you press a function key, like F1 or up-arrow, on most keyboards). Thus, ^[[A is the sequence ESC left-bracket A (which is also sent by the up-arrow key on VT100-type keyboards). The "alternative key bindings" are used in vi command mode, which wasn't enabled in the example above, because I made it while using emacs bindings.
There's a list of some editor functions in the tcsh manual page, but that list only includes "interesting" functions. To get a complete list, including "boring" functions like backward-char (to move backward one character), type the command bindkey -l (lowercase letter L); that lists all the editor functions and describes each one briefly:
tcsh> bindkey -l backward-char Move back a character backward-delete-char Delete the character behind cursor ...
You'll probably want to redirect the output of those bindkey commands into a file or pipe it to a pager such as less (Section 12.3) that lets you page through and do searches. (You could probably merge the output of bindkey and bindkey -l into one list with perl (Section 41.1) or awk (Section 20.10) and an associative array, but I haven't tried.)
To bind a key to an editor function, use bindkey with two arguments: the key to bind and the function name. The key can be the literal key you want to type, but that can be messy when you're trying to put the definition in a shell setup file (which traditionally doesn't have nonprintable characters in it) or when you're trying to bind an arrow key or some other key. So you can represent a control character with two characters: a literal caret (^) followed by the letter for example, ^A. You can use standard backslash escape sequences, such as \t for a TAB character, but remember to quote (Section 27.13) special characters. And the special option -k lets you name an arrow key: for instance, bindkey -k left for the left arrow.
Here's an example of one of my favorite tcsh editor functions: magic-space. By default, it isn't bound to a key, but it's meant to be bound to the space key. The function expands any history substitutions (Section 30.8) in the command line, then lets you continue editing. In this example, I start by executing an ls command. Then I bind the space key. After that, I start a new command line. I type find and a space, but nothing happens yet because there are no history references. Then I type !ls:$, which is the history substitution for the last argument of the previous ls command; when I press the space key, that argument is expanded to /usr/local/bin, and I can type the rest of the command line:
tcsh> ls /usr/local/bin acroread netscape rsh-add ssh ex nex rsh-agent ssh-add lcdctl nsgmls rsh-askpass ssh-add1 ... tcsh> bindkey " " magic-space tcsh> find !ls:$ SPACE tcsh> find /usr/local/bin -perm ...
You also can bind a key to a Unix command by using bindkey with its -c option. This is different from simply executing a command at a shell prompt. When a Unix command is bound to a key, the shell will run that command without disturbing the command line you're editing! When the bound command finishes running, the command line you were editing is redisplayed as it was. For example, the binding below makes CTRL-x l run the command ls -lt | less:
bindkey -c ^Xl 'ls -lt | less'
There's much, much more. The tcsh(1) manpage is too brief to teach this well (for me, at least). I recommend the O'Reilly book Using csh & tcsh; it doesn't cover all of the newest tcsh, but it does a complete job on the command-line editor.
This section covers the public domain Korn shell, pdksh. The original Korn shell is similar.
The bind command binds keys to built-in Emacs editor functions. (You can't re-bind in vi mode.) With no arguments, it gives a list of all key bindings, like this:
$ bind ^A = beginning-of-line ^B = backward-char ... ^[b = backward-word ^[c = capitalize-word ... ^XC = forward-char ^XD = backward-char
In that list, ^ (caret) starts control characters, so ^A means CTRL-a. And ^[ is an escape character (which is also generated when you press a function key, like F1 or up-arrow, on most keyboards) so ^[b is the sequence ESC b.
There's a complete list of editor functions in the ksh manual page. You can also get a list from the command bind -l (lowercase letter L):
$ bind -l abort beginning-of-history complete-command ...
To bind a key to an editor function, use bind with the string to bind, an equal sign (=), then the binding. The key can be the literal key you want to type, but that can be messy when you're trying to put the definition in a shell setup file (which traditionally doesn't have nonprintable characters in it) or when you're trying to bind an arrow key or some other key. So you can represent a control character with two characters: a literal caret (^) followed by the letter for example, ^A. The other special prefix supported is the two-character sequence ^[ (caret left-square-bracket), which stands for the ESC or Meta key. And remember to quote (Section 27.12) any special characters. So, if you want to make CTRL-r be the traditional Unix rprnt (Section 28.2) operation (to reprint the command line), and make META-r search the history (which is bound to CTRL-r by default in pdksh), you could use these two bindings:
bind '^R'=redraw bind '^[r'=search-history
The most permanent place to customize bash editing is in the Readline inputrc file. But you also can add temporary bindings from the command line with the bind command. These bindings work only in the current shell, until the shell exits. The bind syntax is the same as the inputrc file, but you have to put quotes (Section 27.12) around the whole binding so watch out for quoting conflicts. For example, to make CTRL-o output a redirection (Section 43.1) command and pathname:
bash$ bind 'Control-o: ">> /usr/local/project/log"'
To get a list of all key bindings, use bind -P in Version 2 or bind -v in original bash. In the next example, for instance, you can see that CTRL-m (the ENTER key) and CTRL-j (the LINEFEED key) both accept the command line. Quite a few characters (CTRL-a, CTRL-b, etc.) simply insert themselves into the command line when you type them. If you need a literal control character, you may be able to type CTRL-v and then the character.
less Section 12.3
bash$ bind -P | less abort is not bound to any keys accept-line can be found on "\C-j", "\C-m". ... backward-delete-char can be found on "\C-h", "\C-?". ... self-insert can be found on "\C-a", "\C-b", "\C-c", "\C-e", "\C-f", ...
There are two bind options good for use with inputrc type files. To write all the current key bindings out to a file named inputrc.new, type bind -p > inputrc.new in bash2; use the -d option in original bash. (You can overwrite your default .inputrc file this way, too, if you want.) To read an inputrc file into the current shell (if you've just edited it, for instance), use bind -f and give the filename as an argument.
Finally, the bind option -m keymap chooses the keymap that subsequent bindings apply to. The keymap names that bash2 understands are emacs, emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move, vi-command, and vi-insert. (vi is the same as vi-command, and emacs is the same as emacs-standard.)
zsh, as you migh expect by now, has a wide variety of command-line editing capabilities, many similar to or the same as those found in ksh, tcsh, or bash. Emacs mode is the default, but vi mode may also be chosen, and all of the key commands found in either mode may be bound to any character you like using the bindkey -v command. See the zshzle manual page for a long list of these commands and their default bindings.
JP and SJC
The existence of special characters (particularly !) can be a pain; you may often need to type commands that have exclamation points in them, and occasionally need commands with carets (^). These get the C shell confused unless you "quote" them properly. If you use these special characters often, you can choose different ones by setting the histchars variable. histchars is a two-character string; the first character replaces the exclamation point (the "history" character), and the second character replaces the caret (the "modification" character (Section 30.5)). For example:
% set histchars='@#' % ls file* file1 file2 file3 % @@ Repeat previous command (was !! ) ls file* file1 file2 file3 % #file#data# Edit previous command (was ^file^data^ ) ls data* data4 data5
zsh's histchars is like the csh and tcsh version, but it has three characters. The third is the comment character by default, #.
An obvious point: you can set histchars to any characters you like (provided they are different!), but it's a good idea to choose characters that you aren't likely to use often on command lines. Two good choices might be # (hash mark) and , (comma).[2]
ML
If you need to use ! (or your current history character) for a command (for example, if you still use uucp or send mail to someone who does, using the command-line mail (Section 1.21) command), you can type a backslash (\) before each history character. You can also drop into the Bourne or Korn shell quickly assuming that you aren't on a system that has replaced the real Bourne shell with a shell like bash that has history substitution built in. (If you're stuck, you can use the command set +H in bash; this disables history substitution.) Either of these are probably easier than changing histchars. For example:
% mail ora\!ishtar\!sally < file1 Quote the !s % sh Start the Bourne shell $ mail ora!ishtar!sally < file1 ! not special here $ exit Quit the Bourne shell % And back to the C shell
The original Bourne shell doesn't have any kind of history substitution, so ! doesn't mean anything special; it's just a regular character.
By the way, if you have a window system, you can probably copy and paste the command line (Section 28.10) instead of using shell history.
ML
[1] xterm -lsSection 5.10 runs a login shell in your xterm window.
[2] In the C shell and tcsh, # is a comment character (Section 35.1) only in noninteractive shells. Using it as a history character doesn't conflict because history isn't enabled in noninteractive shells.
| CONTENTS |


| Factors that could hinder the implementation of community resilience against flood risks in developing countries are … |
Lack of financial capacity |
[
87,
88]
|
| Lack of technology |
[
89]
|
| Poor habit of communities (e.g., dumping waste in rivers) |
[
90,
91]
|
| Lack of coordination across related institutions |
[
92,
58]
|
| Lack of leadership |
[
58,
93]
|
| Unclear roles and responsibilities within the stakeholders |
[
58]
|
| Lack of information about who is doing what, where, and how |
[
94]
|
| Community has little social sensitivity |
[
95]
|
| Lack of community involvement/participation |
[
96]
|
| Overgenerous disaster relief to the survivors of annual flooding |
[
97]
|
| High dependency of the community members on government relief during annual floods |
[
98,
90,
99]
|


In this project you will create a Command-Line-Interface (CLI) app.
Phase 1 of the project involves making sure the proper tools are installed.
Phase 2 of the project involves making a basic CLI app that has a “complete-the-sentence” function in Inquirer.
Phase 3 of the project involves adding an additional feature: the CLI app can now create additional users and store that information in PostgreSQL.
Phase 4 of the project involves adding an additional feature: using eventful-node to perform AJAX requests in order to pull data from the Eventful API, and giving the user the option to save to your own PostgreSQL database.
Phase 5 of the project involves adding the final 3 features: matching a user with an event, reading all the users of a particular event, and reading all the events of a particular user. You’ll work with an inner join (many-to-many relationship junction) table.
This is a CLI because we are focusing on using an API to interact with a database. We are specifically not implementing a graphical front end for Eventonica this week! We’ll get to that in a future week.
Follow Setup Postgres if you haven’t already.
You’ll be making your own fork of this starter code, and building on top of it.
Note: In this project, the instructions to complete the project after the installation & setup steps will be increasingly vague. This is done intentionally to get you used to thinking like a software engineer.
cd
into your new folder =)keys.js
file in your project root.Go to Eventful’s API page, create an account, and apply for your own API key. The application process for an API key is instant. The API Key registration asks for a mailing address and phone number. These cannot be left blank, but typing “N/A” in the fields works.
Tell your app about your new Eventful API key as well as your PostgreSQL database by adding the following to your keys.js
file:
json module.exports = { "eventful": '<YOUR_OWN_EVENTFUL_API_KEY_HERE>', "dbPassword": '<YOUR_EVENTONICA_POSTGRES_PASSWORD_HERE>' }
npm start
, yarn start
or nodemon
in the terminal. Now uncomment the dbConnect()
line. You should see the console produce some lines about Eventonica, YAY!PAUSE. Help your group members finish Part 1.
Try running index.js
with Node/Nodemon to see how Inquirer works. Play with it; once you feel comfortable, start looking at the starter code and also skim through this Inquirer.js tutorial. If you want to check out something a little more comprehensive, the project itself has many examples which demonstrate specific input methods that the library supports.
When you’re composing your questions think about what information the user of the app will have, and how do you make it as easy as possible to “get the answers right”.
Command Line Interfaces (CLIs) are a great place to use your regex skills to get the data right.
Now implement the first option: “Complete a sentence.” Use inquirer to ask users for 2 string inputs to console log a complete sentence.
Examples of a sentence to be completed (feel free to make up one on yourself):
So if you choose the first example, and the user enters “red” and “house”, you should see “My favorite color is red, so my dream is to buy a red house.”
Learn about pools and clients by reading the documentation for node-postgres.
Now implement the ability to create new users. First create a database in Postgres (in your graphical client app or terminal) called “eventonica”, and then create a Users and an Events table.
Switching back to JavaScript in VSCode, using Inquirer, implement code in app.createNewUser
to ask for a new fictitious users name and age, or some other attribute. Then, display this information and save it to your Postgres database.
Finally, using your database client, run a SELECT
query against your Users table to verify that your users are successfully created.
Run the starter code in eventfulAPI.js and read about eventful-node and Eventful API Once you feel comfortable about understanding what the code is doing, commenting out the example search code and implement your custom search code in app.searchEventful
.
Use Inquier to:
Look at your console log UI and you should see new events.
Examine Program flow Our program is taking the following steps:
Each of these steps requires the result of the previous. In order to implement this, you’d have to use either callback chaining OR promises. Promises require more setup but it creates cleaner-looking code. Part 4 should take the majority of your project time as there are a lot of steps involved.
Note This step is shorter but is about leveling up your knowledge of SQL by giving you experience using a junction table and JOINs. It can be tricky so watch out for frustration!
Now that we have Users and Events, let’s start to add the ability to create relationships between them. One user can be marked as attending multiple events, and one event can have multiple users attending it. This is called a Many-to-Many relationship. Watch this tutorial to learn more about them.
Using a junction (inner-join) table, complete the 3 remaining features/functions:
Make sure each endpoint and function has a simple passing test. Then add as many as you can!


R package that provides a unified user interface for machine learning experiments.
I started this project together with Stefan Coors as a students project. Both of us love it so much, we can't stop enhancing and improving the app to make it competetive with other similar applications (which are mostly not open source, so please give as a hug if you like using it)


Work Experience
October 2016 – Present
Account Associate 3
Wells Fargo Corporate Trust - Document Custody, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Develop training materials and procedure tip sheets
- Review custodial agreements and provide guidance to clients
- Fund loans to different warehouse banks
- Process sales, transfers, and drop deals
- Mentor new Account Associates and Managed Resources
- Serve as a team trainer
September 2015 – October 2016
Account Associate 2
Wells Fargo Corporate Trust - Document Custody, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Negotiated with both internal and external customers on turnaround times for review and agency
- Innovated and improved procedures for the clients
- Analyzed problems and suggested/implemented process improvements
- Trained new managed resources and team members to ensure coverage for three Relationship Manager’s clients
Aug 2014 – September 2015
Account Associate 1
Wells Fargo Corporate Trust - Document Custody, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Assisted Relationship Managers in managing over 16 accounts and transactions
- Appointed to account termination team and successfully terminated more than 59 deals meeting contractual requirements
- Met critical deadlines with fundings and pool certifications
- Generated and provided Bailee Letters, Trust Receipts, and loan reports to external clients
- Coordinated projects with different internal and external groups with minimal supervision and direction
March 2013 – Aug 2014
Operations Processor 3
Wells Fargo Corporate Trust - Document Custody, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Reviewed initial loans to ensure all required documents were in the file and cited missing loan documentation as necessary
- Processed complex loans with ARM terms and document inventory
- Communicated and escalated any problems with the bulk initial loans to Work Director
- Helped backup the Customer Service Reps with resolving customer issues and problems
- Ran reports and performed Quality Checks on processed initial loans
- Processed 133.93% of producion standard goals and helped set production standards for the department for new clients
September 2012 – March 2013
Managed Resouce
Robert Half Accountemps/ Wells Fargo Corporate Trust - Document Custody, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Examined documents to ensure accurancy and compliance with client requirements
- Managed time to ensure that all fundings were done before deadlines
- Sorted and labeled loan documents in a quick and efficient manner
May 2011 – May 2012
Medical Assembler
Medtronic/Indrotec, Brooklyn Center, Minnesota
- Followed blueprints to assemble heart pacemakers
- Inspected piece parts and paper work
- Maintained strong attention to detail
- Assembled parts 2x faster than quality and quantity standards
January 2008 – October 2011
Customer Service
Brooks Brothers, Maple Grove, Minnesota
- Developed professional listening and speaking
- Organized and filed client paperwork
- Transfered shipments in and out of the store
- Maintained store inventory
- Set up/verified customer accounts
- Took the initiative to greet customers and meet their needs
September 2006 – January 2008
Sales Associate
Marshalls, Maple Grove, Minnesota
- Established knowledge to conduct transactions such as returns, sales, etc
- Multi-task to work quickly in a fast-pace environment to satisfy customers
- Enhanced customer skills and accountability through resolving daily customer issues


Write a function which accepts two arrays. The function should return true if every value in the array has its corresponding value squared in the second array. The frequency values must be the same.


--- layout: default --- {% include nav.html %} {% include consumerheader.html %} {% include consumerfeatures.html %} {% include consumerbilling.html %} {% include cardcontrol.html %} {% include digitalmenu.html %} {% include mobilepayment.html %}


{% extends "core/email/common.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% block content %}
{% trans "To verify your email address and finish setting up your account, please go to:" %}
{% trans "If you did not sign up for an account with Read the Docs, you can disregard this email." %}
{% endblock %}


{% extends "auth.html" %} {% block content %}
We sent a confirmation email to {{ email }} Please click on the link provided in the email to verify your email address.
If you do not see the message within a few minutes, check your spam folder. We sent the message from {{ config['SERVER_EMAIL'] }}


Waiting for Funds
Instructions
Not all funds have arrived yet. Please make sure you have sent your T1 to the address you were shown.
Please refresh this page to see if things have changed or come back later.
continue
Notes
A transaction will need at least 10 minutes, on average, to become part of the blockchain.
We do not hold the money at any time, it is locked in the blockchain.
continue


Cube Controller
Select a cube...
Disconnect
Speed: 1Hz
40Hz
Hz
Brightness: 0%
100%
Stop
Games:
Rhythm
Snake
Visuals:
Corners
Demo
Edges
Extend
Faces
Fill
Fireworks
Flash
Flatten
Layers
Line
Matrix
Pins
Pulse
Rainbow
Rope
Rotate
Shuffle
Snakes
Spiral
Starfield
Tetris
Text
Wave
↟
↑
↡
←
↓
→
mic
Select microphone
Spectrogram
Rhythm


MapmyIndia Maps API:
Map Polyline Example
Add Polylines
Get Bounds of Red Polyline
Hide Polylines
Click on control to create polyline.
Control click on the drawn polyline to remove from map.
Event Logs


Features of Python Programming Language:
- Easy to Learn and Use
- Expressive Language
- Interpreted Language
- Cross-platform Language
- Free and Open Source
- Object-Oriented Language
- Extensible
- Large Standard Library
- GUI Programming Support
- Integrated
- Dynamic Memory Allocation
Names of Books:
- Wings of Fire - Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam
- I Dare - Kiran Bedi
- Samidha - Sadhana Amte
- Mrutyunjay - Dr.Shivaji Sawant
- Batatyachi Chal - P.L.Deshpande
- The Coalition Years - Pranab Mukherjee
- Wise And Otherwise - Sudha Murti
Description of Computer Terms
- Boot:
- -The act of starting up a computer.
- Byte:
- -One character (eight bits of data).
- Cursor:
- -The blinking vertical or horizontal line that indicates where text is being typed.
- CD-ROM:
- -Compact Disc Read-Only Memory
- CPU:
- -Central Processing Unit. The computer's electronic brain.
- DVD:
- -Also called DVD-ROM. Digital Versatile Disk Read-Only Memory.
- Floppy Disk:
- -The standard removable storage device used with computers. The floppy disk goes in the “A” Drive.
- Hardware:
- -The electronic, electrical, and mechanical components that make up a computer.
- Maximize:
- -Expanding an open window to fill the screen by clicking the maximize button.
- Minimize:
- -Shrinking an open window by clicking the minimize button.


We always challenge the status quo and work hard innovating on a product that not only works, but changes the game for our users.
We remain completely open, honest and transparent with everyone. This has allowed us to build strong relationships with each other.
We believe the success of the company lies within our employees and we constantly challenge each other to learn and level up.
155B telok ayer street
Singapore, 068611
1701 Rhode Island Ave NW
Washington, DC 20036


goog.dom.a11y.setNoBrowserCheck
with true to turn on ARIA
support for all browsers.
|
Gets the activedescendant of the given element.
|
code » | ||
|
Getter for noBrowserCheck_ flag.
Returns:
Value of the noBrowserCheck_ flag.
|
code » | ||
|
Gets role of an element.
|
code » | ||
|
Gets value of specified state property.
|
code » | ||
|
goog.dom.a11y.setActiveDescendant(element, activeElement)
Sets the activedescendant value for an element.
|
code » | ||
|
goog.dom.a11y.setNoBrowserCheck(noBrowserCheck)
Sets a flag to skip browser check while adding ARIA roles and states.
Arguments:
|
code » | ||
|
goog.dom.a11y.setRole(element, roleName)
Sets the role of an element.
|
code » | ||
|
goog.dom.a11y.setState(element, state, value)
Sets the state of an element.
|
code » |


{% extends 'wedding/base.html' %} {% block content %}
| Full Name | {{ guest.full_name }} |
| First Name | {{ guest.first_name }} |
| Last Name | {{ guest.last_name }} |
| Percentile | {{ guest.percentile }} |
| Likelihood | {{ guest.likelihood }} |
| Family | {{ guest.family }} |
| {{ guest.email }} | |
| Phone | {{ guest.phone }} |
| Lead Partner | {{ guest.lead_partner }} |
| Parent | {{ guest.parent }} |
| Age | {{ guest.age }} |
| Username | {{ guest.username }} |
| Language | {{ guest.language }} |
| Country | {{ guest.country }} |
| State | {{ guest.administrative_area }} |
| City | {{ guest.locality }} |
| Postal Code | {{ guest.postal_code }} |
| Street | {{ guest.thoroughfare }} |
| Apartment/Box | {{ guest.premise }} |
| Notes | {{ guest.notes }} |


WITNESS LIST Redistricting Committee March 28, 2001-4:00P Redistricting On: Alfaro, Mayor Pete C. (City of Baytown City Council, Chamber of Commerce, and Economic Development Foundation) Almager, David (Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund) Berger, Howard C. (Self and Wilson County Democratic Party) Borden, Bill (Self) Brownlow, Darrell (Self) Burnham, Perry (City of Castle Hills) Cansino, Jane (Self) Carlson, Pat (Tarrant County Republican Party) Cich, Dave (Self) Fields, Leslie (Texas State Conference of NAACP Branches) Flores, Henry (William C. Velasquez Institute) Garcia, Mayor Hector F. (City of Watauga) Gutierrez, David (Self) Haughey, Thomas B. (Self and Texas Rep. County Chairman's Assn., and its President Hollis V. Rutledge, Jr.) Hedges, Jr., Charles F. (Midland and Odessa Chambers of Commerce) Jensen, Don (Self) Korbel, George (Self) Mills, Matthew (Self) Morris, David (Self) Mullan, Carolie (League of Women Voters of Texas) Owens, Bill (Self) Pack, Eugene (Self) Putnam, Mayor Joe (City of Irving) Rodriguez, Adrian (LULAC, People United for Representation and Equality-North Texas) Scoma, Mayor Charles (City of North Richland Hills) Sitton, Mayor Windy (City of Lubbock) Southern, Mayor David (City of Granbury) Streater, Joy (Self) Sylvia, County Judge Jimmy (Self and Chambers County) Registering, but not testifying: On: Alonzo, Roberto R. (Self and Mexican American Democrats of Texas) Harper-Brown, Linda (Self) Massey, Veva Lou (Self) Philipp, Joe (Self) Romano, Bob (Self) Soto, Faustino "Tino" (Self) Spriggs, James A. (Self) Stopfer, Rick (Self) Waldrum, Terry (Self)


The main namespace that contains all the ProAct classes and methods.
Everything should be defined in this namespace. It can be used as P or Pro.
Classes
Namespaces
Members
-
<static> currentCaller :Object
-
Represents the current caller of a method, the initiator of the current action.
This property does the magic when for example an ProAct.AutoProperty is called for the first time and the dependencies to the other properties are created. The current caller expects to be used in a single threaded environment.
Do not remove or modify this property manually.
Type:
- Object
-
<static> flow :ProAct.Flow
-
The ProAct.Flow instance used by ProAct's property updates by default.
It defines only one queue - the default one proq.
It has default error callback that outputs errors to the ProAct.flow.errStream, if defined.
Override this instance if you are creating a framework or toolset over ProAct.js.
Type:
- Source:
-
<static, constant> VERSION :String
-
The current version of the library.
Type:
- String


In order to increase the readability, you can use the following approach.
Instead of if else;
if (value != null) {
//do something
} else {
//do something different
}
You can check the fail status first then return or continue
if (value == null) {
//do something
return;
}
//continue for the flow


One of the oldest Bars in the States, enriched with History and tradition, we truly hope that our visitors will have a good time
Enjoy our various events like Weekly concerts from Various artists across the country,
And our famous
Beer Nights where we treat you with various brends of beer coming from all around the world
You can find us at
Random Street 16


This event is a virtual hackathon that will be conducted
in two stages.
In the first stage, contestants will have
to present their ideas and solutions for the topics given
to them. Those who qualify for the first stage will have
to take part in the second stage.
The second stage will
consist of a product designing challenge where
contestants can code or can design a 2D/3D model of the
base of their idea. The team with the best idea and
execution wins!


Sleek, intuitive, and powerful mobile first front-end framework for faster and easier web development.
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