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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS Dated: 02/03/2006 Coram The Hon'ble Mr. Justice Elipe DHARMA RAO W.P. No.39127 of 2005 to 39131 of 2005 M. Anbu .... Petitioner -Vs- 1. The Reserve Bank of India Rajaji Salai Chennai 600 001 2. The Lakshmi Vilas Bank Limited rep. by its Chairman No.2 Salem Road Kathaparai Karur 639 006 3. The Disciplinary Authority Human Resources Development Dept. The Lakshmi Vilas Bank No.2, Salem Road Kathaparai Karur 639 006 4. Mr. T. Vasu Deva Sarma Enquiry Officer HRD Department, Administrative Office Kathaparai Karur 639 006 .... Respondents
Petitions under Art.226 of the Constitution praying for a Writ of Certiorarified Mandamus to call for the records relating to the proceedings of the Disciplinary Authority, the third respondent herein, bearing Ref. No.CGS(E)/16/2005/295/2005-06 dated 10-11-2005 and quash the same and consequently direct the Disciplinary Authority to permit the petitioner to engage a lawyer to assist him in the Departmental Enquiry on the charge sheet dated 24-6-2005.
For Petitioner :: Mr. N.G.R. Prasad for Mr. R. Sathiyamohan For Respondents :: Mr. Jayesh Dolia for M/s. Aiyar & Dolia :COMMON ORDER
Aggrieved by the order of interim injunction dated 5-12-2005, restraining the respondents from proceeding with the departmental enquiry initiated against the petitioner, the respondents have filed the petitions to vacate the interim injunction. When the petitions to vacate the interim injunction were taken up for hearing, learned counsel appearing on either side agreed that the main writ petition themselves may be taken up for final hearing and disposal.
2. The facts, in brief, are as follows:
Petitioner is working as the Chief Manager in the Administrative Office of the second respondent bank and recently posted as Faculty in the Staff Training College of the second respondent bank at Karur. Petitioner claims that he has put in 25 years of unblemished service and by virtue of his hard work, sincerity and honesty, he has risen to the position of Faculty in the second respondent bank.
While so, the petitioner was served with five charge-sheets dated 30
-4-2005, 24-6-2005, 25-6-2005, 4-8-2005 and 16-8-2005, alleging that he had committed certain lapses while extending credit facility to M/s. Sri Priyalakshmi Garments while he was working as Manager in Tiruppur Branch during the period between 1995 and 1999; that he had committed certain lapses in the matter of extending credit facilities to M/s. Balapattabhi and M/s.R.S.L. Industries while he was working as the Manager of Coimbatore branch during the period between 2000 and 200 1; that he had committed certain irregularities in providing credit facilities to M/s.Hy-Luck Fashions when he was working as Manager of Coimbatore Branch; and that he had committed eight different acts of irregularities when he was working as the Divisional Manager at the Divisional Office at Karur.
The petitioner submitted his explanation to the above said charge sheets.
The second respondent bank, not satisfied with the explanation offered by the petitioner, initiated departmental enquiry against the petitioner in respect of all the said five different charge memos and appointed the third respondent as the Enquiry Officer and one N. Kavirajan as the Presenting Officer.
The petitioner gave a representation dated 8-11-2005 requesting the Enquiry Officer to permit him to engage a legal practitioner to defend his case in the Departmental Enquiry. The Disciplinary Authority, by communication dated 11-11-2005, rejected the request of the petitioner. Aggrieved against the same, the petitioner has filed the present writ petitions.
The writ petitions were admitted by this Court on 5-12-2005 and by the order of interim injunction, the respondents were restrained from proceeding with the departmental enquiry. The respondents have filed the petitions to vacate the interim injunction granted by this court.
As stated above, with consent of parties, the main writ petitions themselves were taken up for final hearing and disposed of by this common order and learned counsel for the parties submitted their arguments in the main writ petitions themselves.
3. In sum and substance, the grievance of the petitioner appears to be the denial of his request to engage a lawyer as defence representative in the departmental enquiry initiated against him by the second respondent.
4. Shri N.G.R. Prasad, learned counsel for the petitioner submitted that the petitioner has put in more than 25 years of unblemished service in the second respondent bank and by virtue of his hard work, sincerity and integrity has risen to the position of Faculty. All of a sudden, the second respondent issued five different charge sheets, within a span of 100 days, against the petitioner alleging various acts of commission and omission in extending credit facilities, incurring expenditure without substantiating proof, falsification of records, suppression of facts, etc. The charges levelled against the petitioner, on the face of it, were not sustainable as they are false and foisted against the petitioner with a deliberate intention of harassing and victimising him and maligning his blemishless record of service.
5. Learned counsel further submitted that though the petitioner submitted his explanation to the charge memos, the second respondent bank chose to reject the same and initiated the disciplinary enquiry by appointing the third respondent as the Enquiry Officer and one Kavirajan as the Presenting Officer. The said Kavirajan was earlier working in the Disciplinary Action Cell of the Canara Bank and after his joining the second respondent bank he has acted as Presenting Officer in many departmental enquiries and as such he is having the vast and immense experience in the filed of domestic enquiries. The petitioner, in order to defend his case in a proper and effective manner, sent a representation dated 9-1-2005 requesting permission to have the assistance of a legal practitioner as defence representative in the departmental enquiry. The second respondent bank, by the impugned communication rejected the request of the petitioner on the ground that the Presenting Officer is not a legal practitioner and not qualified in law.
6. Learned counsel for the petitioner assailed the the impugned order as arbitrary and unsustainable in law. Referring to Regulation 6( vii) of the second respondent bank Officers' (Discipline and Appeal) Regulation, 1993 (in short 'the Regulation'), he argued that as per the said regulation, the charge-sheeted officer may be permitted to engage a legal practitioner if the presenting officer appointed is a legal practitioner or if the circumstances of the case so require. In the facts and circumstances of the present case though the presenting officer is not a legal practitioner, by virtue of his vast experience in the Disciplinary Action Cell and having acted as Presenting Officer in many departmental enquiries, he is a legally trained person. Further taking into consideration the gravity of the charges levelled against the petitioner and the far-reaching consequences, if the said alleged allegations are proved against the petitioner in the departmental enquiry, the second respondent bank ought to have permitted the petitioner to have the assistance of a lawyer as defence representative in the domestic enquiry. Learned counsel also dubbed the impugned order as one passed without application of mind and in breach of principles of natural justice.
7. In support of his contentions, learned counsel relied on the judgments in PUSHPA IYENGAR v. INDIAN AIRLINES CORPORATION AND ANOTHER (1985 I LLJ 385); VENKATRAMAN SAMBAMURTHY v. UNION OF INDIA AND ANOTHER (1986 I LLJ
62); C.L. SUBRAMANIAM v. COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS, COCHIN (1972 I LLJ 465); CHAIRMAN & MANAGING DIRECTOR, HINDUSTAN TELEPRINTERS LTD. v. RAJAN ISAAC (2005 I TLNJ 378).
8. Learned counsel for the respondents, at the out set, raised a preliminary objection regarding maintainability of the writ petitions. According to the learned counsel, the second respondent bank is a private bank and, therefore, they are neither a 'State' nor an ' instrumentality or agency of the State' nor a company which is financed and owned by the State within the meaning of Art.12 of the Constitution of India.
9. Learned counsel further submitted that in so far as the matters relating to the service conditions, maintenance and enforcement of discipline among the officers and staff, the second respondent bank is having its own Disciplinary Rules and Regulations. The subject matter of the writ petitions is with reference to the disciplinary proceedings initiated against the petitioner under the Regulation, the Reserve Bank of India has no role to play in the matter. Reserve Bank of India has been impleaded as a party respondent obviously with a view to clothe the jurisdiction under Art.226 of the Constitution.
10. Learned counsel, relying on the decisions in FEDERAL BANK LTD. v. SAGAR THOMAS AND OTHERS (2003 AIR SCW 4995) and PITCHUMANI v. MANAGEMENT OF SRI CHAKRA TYRES LTD. (2004 (3) CTC 1) and also an unreported decision of this Court in W.P. No.8004 of 2004 (B. Gurunathan v. Lakshmi Vilas Bank) delivered on 24-6-2004, submitted that no writ will lie against any private bank and therefore the writ petitions are liable to be dismissed in limine as not maintainable.
11. On the merits of the case, learned counsel for the respondents submitted that Regulation 6(vii) provides that the delinquent employee may have the assistance of a legal practitioner only in cases where the Presenting Officer appointed by the Disciplinary Authority is a legal practitioner. In the present case, since the Presenting Officer is neither a legal practitioner nor a person qualified in law, the petitioner's request was rightly rejected in terms of Regulation 6( vii). Learned counsel further submitted that the petitioner himself is a person well-versed in the departmental proceedings as he himself acted as Enquiry Officer in many departmental proceedings and therefore he is familiar with the procedures involved in the departmental enquiry.
12. Learned counsel, relying on the decisions in BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD. v. MAHARASHTRA GENERAL KAMGAR UNION (AIR 1999 SC 401) and CHAIRMAN AND MANAGING DIRECTOR, HINDUSTAN TELEPRINTERS v. RAJAN ISAAC (2005) II LLJ 610 Mad.; submitted that a delinquent has no right to be represented in the departmental proceedings by a lawyer unless the service rules and regulations provide for the same. Learned counsel submitted that the present writ petitions have been filed only with an intention to protract the departmental proceedings. Learned counsel, therefore, submitted that the writ petitions are liable to be dismissed.
13. In reply to the above preliminary objection, learned counsel for the petitioner submitted that not only the banking operations of the second respondent bank, but its internal management and affairs relating to its officers and staff is under the direct supervision and control of the Reserve Bank of India. The rules and regulations regarding the service conditions of the officers and staff are given effect to only after the approval by the Reserve Bank of India.
14. Learned counsel further submitted that even assuming that the second respondent bank is a private bank, there are well recognised exceptions to the general rule that no writ will lie against a private person, viz. when there is a non-compliance or violation of a statutory provision; where the impugned action patently suffers from jurisdictional error or ex facie arbitrary and illegal or affects the Fundamental Rights of the petitioner or not in conformity with the principles of natural justice, etc. In a departmental enquiry full and adequate opportunity should be given to the delinquent employee to put forth his defence in an effective and proper manner and for that purpose he could even seek the assistance of a qualified legal practitioner to defend his case and denial of such opportunity, if sought for, is nothing but breach of principles of natural justice. Learned counsel further argued that when Regulation 6(vii) of the Regulations specifically provides for such assistance, denial of such assistance to the petitioner is illegal and arbitrary.
15. Learned counsel stretched his arguments further to submit that taking into consideration the number of charges alleged against the petitioner and the gravity thereof and the vast experience of the Presenting Officer in the field of Departmental Enquiries, if the petitioner could not defend his case in an effective and proper manner by having the assistance of a legal practitioner, the consequences would be far-reaching and have the effect of affecting the petitioner's livelihood. Learned counsel therefore submitted that for all these reasons, the present case is undoubtedly an exception to the general rule that no writ will lie against a private/scheduled bank.
16. Heard the learned counsel for the parties and perused the records. The questions that arise for consideration are:
1.Whether the writ petitions are maintainable in law and on facts?
2.Whether the second respondent bank, in the facts and circumstances of the case, is justified in denying the petitioner's request to have the assistance of a legal practitioner to defend his case in the departmental enquiry?
17. On the question of maintainability, learned counsel submitted that not only the banking operations but even the internal management and affairs of the bank including the service conditions of the officers and staff of the second respondent bank come under the direct supervision and control of the first respondent Reserve Bank of India and, therefore, the present writ petitions are maintainable.
18. Learned counsel further vehemently argued that it is now a well settled law that a writ petition is maintainable even against a private body when the impugned action of such private body infringes the petitioner's Fundamental Rights guaranteed under Art.21 of the Constitution of India. On the backdrop of this premise, learned counsel submitted that by the impugned order the petitioner is deprived of the assistance of a legal practitioner to defend his case in the departmental enquiry and if the petitioner could not defend his case effectively and properly for want of assistance of a legal practitioner, the results would be far reaching and may have the effect of affecting his livelihood, which is now recognised by the Courts as Fundamental Right under Art.21 of the Constitution of India.
19. The contentions of the learned counsel for the petitioner, in the facts of the present case, are not sustainable in law and on facts. The contention of the learned counsel that even though the second respondent bank is a private bank, it comes under the direct control and supervision of the first respondent bank is wholly unsustainable. True it is, the second respondent bank, though a private bank, its' banking operations in strict sense such as lending operations, maintenance of statutory liquidity ratio, maintenance of cash reserve, rate of interest on loans, maintenance of accounts, periodical audit, etc. are controlled by the statutory rules and regulations and the guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time. However, the internal matters such as maintaining and enforcing the discipline among the officers and staff, the second respondent bank has its own rules and regulations. The said rules and regulations, though required to be approved by the Reserve Bank of India, are distinct and independent. The impugned order has been passed under Regulation 6(vii) of the second respondent bank Officers' (Discipline and Appeal) Regulations, 1993. Therefore, there is no question of breach of any statutory provision or any of the rules or regulations or even any guideline issued by the Reserve Bank of India. In such circumstances, the impleadment of the first respondent Reserve Bank of India as a party respondent to the writ petitions is unnecessary and, as rightly contended by the learned counsel for the respondents, Reserve Bank of India has been ingenuously impleaded as a party only with a view to circumvent the maintainability hurdle.
20. The second limb of argument that the impugned order has the potential and possibility of affecting the livelihood of the petitioner and thereby infringes his Fundamental Right guaranteed under Art.21 is too stretched argument and, in the facts of the present case, such a wide-stretched argument cannot be accepted.
21. In FEDERAL BANK LIMITED v. SAGAR THOMAS AND OTHERS (2003[10] SCC
733) the question whether the appellant bank is a private body or falls within the definition of the State or local or other authorities under the control of the Government within the meaning of Art.12 came up for consideration. The facts of the said case are more or the less similar nay identical. In the said case, a dismissed employee of the private bank challenged the order of dismissal by filing a writ petition before the High Court. A preliminary objection regarding maintainability of the writ petition against the private bank was raised. The High Court on the ground that the bank is performing a public duty and a positive obligation towards its employees and customers exists held that the writ petition is maintainable, which finding was upheld by the Division Bench. While upsetting the orders passed by the High Court, the Supreme Court, on the question of maintainability, observed as follows: "Private companies would normally not be amenable to the writ jurisdiction under Art.226 of the Constitution. But in certain circumstances a writ may be issued to such private bodies or persons as there may be statutes which need to be complied with by all concerned including private companies. For example, Wages Act, the Factories Act or for maintaining proper environment, say the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 or the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, etc. or statutes of like nature which fasten certain duties and responsibilities statutorily upon such private bodies which they are bound to comply with. If they violate such a statutory provision a writ would certainly be issued for compliance with those provisions. For instance, if a private employer dispenses with the service of its employee in violation of the provisions contained under the Industrial Disputes Act, in innumerable cases the High Court has interfered and issued a writ to private bodies and companies in that regard. But the difficulty in issuing a writ may arise where there may not be any non-compliance with or violation of any statutory provision by the private body. In that event even a writ may not be issued at all. Other remedies, as may be available, may have to be resorted to." (emphasis supplied) The Supreme Court further observed:
"Merely because Reserve Bank of India lays the banking policy in the interest of the banking system or in the interest of monetary stability or sound economic growth having due regard to the interests of depositors, etc. as provided under Sec.5(c)(a) of the Banking Regulations Act does not mean that private companies carrying on the business or commercial activity of banking, discharge any public function or public duty. These are all regulatory measures applicable to those carrying on commercial activity in banking and these companies are to act according to these provisions failing which certain consequences follow as indicated in the Act itself. ... ... ... Therefore, a private company carrying on banking business as a scheduled bank, cannot be termed as an institution or a company carrying on any statutory or public duty. ... ... ... Merely regulatory provisions to ensure that commercial activity carried on by private bodies work within a discipline, neither confer any status upon the company nor put any obligations upon it which may be enforced through issuance of a writ under Art.226. ... ... ... Present is a case of disciplinary action being taken against its employees by the appellant Bank. The respondent's service with the Bank stands terminated. The action of the Bank was challenged by the respondent by filing a writ petition under Art.226. The respondent is not trying to enforce any statutory duty on the part of the Bank."
The Supreme Court again by its recent decision in BINNY LIMITED v. SADASIVAN (AIR 2005 SC 3202), following its earlier decision in Federal Bank case, cited supra, held that writ petition against the termination of service of an employee of a private company is not maintainable as no public law element is involved. A learned single Judge of this Court, following the above said decisions of the Supreme Court, dismissed the writ petition (W.P. No.8004 of 2004 order dated 24-6-2004) filed challenging the disciplinary proceedings initiated against him by the very same second respondent bank, as not maintainable.
22. The second contention of the learned counsel that the impugned order has been passed in utter breach of the principles of natural justice cannot be countenanced. In CRESCENT DYES AND CHEMICALS LTD. v. RAM NARESH TRIPATHI (1993[2]SCC 115), the Supreme Court held:
"The requirement of the rules of natural justice insofar as the delinquent's right of hearing is concerned, cannot and does not extend to a right to be represented through counsel or agent."
23. It also cannot be stated that the imugned order has been passed without jurisdiction as Regulation 6(vii) of the second respondent bank' Officers' (Discipline and Appeal) Regulations confers powers on the Disciplinary Authority to entertain or reject the request of the delinquent.
24. It is not shown before this Court that the second respondent bank while passing the impugned order has failed to comply with or violated any of the statutory provisions. Therefore, considering the facts and circumstances of the present case in the light of the authoritative pronouncement of the Supreme Court in Federal Bank Limited case, cited supra, I am of the view that the writ petitions are liable to be dismissed in limine on the question of maintainability.
25. Coming to the merits of the case, learned counsel for the petitioner citing a number of authorities of the Supreme Court as well this Court, more particularly the decision in the case of C.L. Subramaniam, cited supra, vehemently argued that the term "legal practitioner" occurring in Regulation 6(vii) of the Regulations should not be construed in a strict sense only to mean the persons qualified in law and the legal practitioners. The said term should be interpreted to mean and include not only the persons qualified in law and legal practitioners in strict sense of the term but also legally trained persons. Learned counsel submitted that the Presenting Officer appointed by the second respondent bank, by virtue of his vast experience of his working in the Disciplinary Action Cell of a Nationalised Bank and having successfully presented the case of the Management in many departmental enquiries, is undoubtedly a legally trained person and, therefore, he will an upper advantage vis-a-vis the petitioner who is not familiar with the procedures and formalities of the departmental enquiry.
26. I have carefully gone through the decision in Subramaniam's case, cited supra, on which heavy reliance was placed by the learned counsel for the petitioner. In the said case, the delinquent, who was a member of the civil service of the Union of India, was removed from service, which is a major penalty. The procedure for imposing major penalties is prescribed in Rule 15 of the Central Civil Services ( Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1957, a rule framed under Art.309 of the Constitution and sub-rule (5) of that rule provided that the Government servant may present his case with the assistance of any Government servant approved by the disciplinary authority but may not engage a legal practitioner for the purpose unless the person nominated by the disciplinary authority as aforesaid was a legal practitioner or unless the disciplinary authority, having regard to the circumstances of the case, so permits. The delinquent sought permission to engage a counsel to appear on his behalf and defend him during the enquiry. The request was rejected on the ground that though the Presenting Officer was a legally trained, he was not a legal practitioner. The departmental enquiry proceeded and ultimately the delinquent was removed from service. On the delinquent's challenge to the said order by way of writ petition, the High Court dismissed the writ petition. In the appeal before the Supreme Court, the delinquent raised the main contention that since he was not given a reasonable opportunity to present case, there was a violation of Rule 15(5) and consequently the impugned order was liable to be struck down. Allowing the appeal, the Supreme Court held that the delinquent was a member of the civil services of the Union of India and in view of Art.311 of the Constitution, he could not be removed from service except after enquiry in which reasonable opportunity was given to him and breach of this procedural guarantee vitiated the enquiry. The relevant observations of the Supreme Court are as follows: "From the facts set out above, it is clear that the enquiry officer did not afford the appellant necessary facility to have the assistance of another Government servant in defending him which assistance he was entitled to under the rule. He was deprived of that assistance solely because of the indifferent attitude adopted by the enquiry officer. Therefore, we have no hesitation in coming to the conclusion that the enquiry officer had clearly breached Rule 15(5)." (emphasis supplied)
27. The dicta laid down by the Supreme Court in the said decision is not applicable to the facts and circumstances of the present case. That was a case concerning the dismissal of a Government servant, and being a member of the Civil Service, his service conditions were governed by the rules and regulations framed under Art.309 of the Constitution of India and in view of Art.311 of the Constitution, he could not be removed from service except after enquiry in which he had been given a reasonable opportunity of being heard; though he had initially sought for the assistance of a legal practitioner, later he requested the disciplinary authority to permit him to engage the assistance of another Government servant, which he was entitled to under the relevant rule, and that he was deprived of that assistance solely because of the indifferent attitude adopted by the enquiry officer. Therefore, the impugned order was quashed by the Supreme Court not on the ground that the delinquent was not permitted to engage a legal practitioner but on the ground that the delinquent was deprived of the assistance of another Government servant which he was entitled to under the relevant rule. In the present case, the impugned order has been passed rejecting the claim of the petitioner to engage the legal practitioner and there was no claim made by the petitioner to take the assistance of a co-employee. If the petitioner wants to take the assistance of the co-employee, the respondent bank have no objection. Therefore, the decision has no bearing on the facts and circumstances of the present case.
28. Under Regulation 6(vii) of the second respondent Officers' ( Discipline and Appeal) Regulations a charge-sheeted officer facing the departmental enquiry may take the assistance of any other officer of the bank but may not engage a legal practitioner for the purpose unless the Presenting Officer appointed by the Disciplinary Authority is a legal practitioner. The Presenting Officer appointed by the respondent bank is not a legal practitioner and, therefore, in terms of the said regulation, the petitioner is not entitled to ask of the assistance of a legal practitioner to defend him in the departmental enquiry. In Crescent Dyes and Chemicals Limited case, cited supra, on the question of right of representation by a counsel or an agent of delinquent's choice, the Supreme Court observed as follows: "Ordinarily it is considered desirable not to restrict the delinquent's right to be represented by counsel or an agent of his choice, but it is a different thing to say that such a right is an element of the principles of natural justice and denial thereof would invalidate the enquiry. The right to be represented through counsel or agent unless can be restricted, controlled or regulated by statutes, rules and regulations or standing orders. A delinquent has no right to be represented through counsel or agent unless the law specifically confers such a right. The requirement of rules of natural justice in so far as the delinquent's right of hearing is concerned, cannot and does not extend to a right to be represented through counsel or agent." ( emphasis supplied) The Supreme Court further observed:
"The object and purpose of such provisions are to ensure that the domestic enquiry is completed with despatch and is not prolonged endlessly. Secondly, when the person defending the delinquent is from the department or establishment in which the delinquent is working he will be well conversant with the working of that department and the relevant rules and would, therefore, be able to render satisfactory service to the delinquent. Thirdly, not only would the entire proceedings be completed quickly but also inexpensively. It is, therefore, not correct to contend that the standing order or Section 22(ii) conflicts with the principles of natural justice."
29. Further, in their counter-affidavits, the second respondent bank as well as the Disciplinary Authority, while denying the claim of the petitioner that he has no experience in departmental enquiries submitted that the petitioner himself has been appointed as Enquiry Officer in many departmental proceedings initiated by the bank and that the enquiries were conducted successfully by him and, therefore, the petitioner is well versed with the procedures involved in the departmental proceedings.
30 For the reasons stated above , I am of the considered view that the writ petitions are devoid of merits and are liable to be dismissed.
31. The writ petitions are, therefore, dismissed. No costs. Interim order shall stand vacated. Connected W.P.M.P. Nos.2685 to 2689 of 2 005 and W.V.M.P. Nos.41904 to 41908 of 2005 are closed.


A censored time series class is designed. An estimation procedure is implemented to estimate the Censored AutoRegressive time series with eXogenous covariates (CARX), assuming normality of the innovations. Some other functions that might be useful are also included.
| Version: | 0.7.1 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 1.9.0) |
| Imports: | tmvtnorm, mvtnorm, matrixStats, xts, zoo, nlme, grDevices, graphics, stats |
| Published: | 2017-11-20 |
| Author: | Chao Wang [aut, cre], Kung-Sik Chan [aut] |
| Maintainer: | Chao Wang <chao-wang at uiowa.edu> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| In views: | TimeSeries |
| CRAN checks: | carx results |
| Reference manual: | carx.pdf |
| Package source: | carx_0.7.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: carx_0.7.1.zip, r-release: carx_0.7.1.zip, r-oldrel: carx_0.7.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: carx_0.7.1.tgz, r-oldrel: carx_0.7.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | carx archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=carx to link to this page.


The St. Lawrence is sublimating!
Holy carp it's cold (-24°C)! Unbelievable after a green Christmas. The St. Lawrence is out gassing — man I wish I had a camera on me.
Joan's in 11°C Zurich, Graham's in Bali or Indonesia or somewhere where words fail to describe how [warm] it is...
Sigh.
About this entry
You"re currently reading "The St. Lawrence is sublimating!," an entry on a crick in the net
- Published:
- 01.17.07 / 10am
- Category:
- Circular File
Blue sky, breeze, 25C. Ah, Sydney.


page2
Table of abbreviations for [ IOT ]
| SHORT NAME | LONG NAME | Deffinition |
| LAN | Local Area Network | A local area network (LAN) consists of a series of computers linked together to form a network in a circumscribed location. The computers in a LAN connect to each other via TCP/IP ethernet or Wi-Fi. A LAN is normally exclusive to an organization, such as a school, office, association or church. |
| ISP | Internet Service Provider | refers to a company that provides access to the internet to both personal and business customers. ISPs make it possible for their customers to surf the web,... |
| CSCB | Canadian Society of Customs Brokers | CSCB
Acronym Definition
CSCB Canadian Society of Customs Brokers (Ottawa, Canada)
CSCB Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (Dublin, Ireland)
CSCB Civil Society Capacity Building (community program)
CSCB Contractor's Summary Cost Breakdown
CSCB California State College Bakersfield
CSCB Capitol Sounds Concert Band (Montgomery, AL) |


What's your name ?
how do you have ?
whats your favourite food ...
do you like fast food which one ?
Cook the spaghetti according to the package instructions until al dente Heat up a skillet and add the olive oil and butter. Saute the garlic until aromatic, then add the spaghetti. Season with salt, pepper, and chili flakes. ...
What's your name ?
how do you have ?
whats your favourite food ...
do you like fast food which one ?


'Don't forget' - John Terry taunts Celtic star with brilliant five-word message
Aston Villa latest news | Assistant head coach John Terry has playfully taunted Celtic's Scott Sinclair about his gym activity with the former Chelsea man posting online
by Richard CusackAston Villa assistant head coach John Terry has sent a brilliant five-word message to Celtic star Scott Sinclair.
The pair were team-mates at Chelsea, with Sinclair joining in 2005 from boyhood club Bristol Rovers.
Former Villa loanee Sinclair spent five years at Stamford Bridge, making just five League appearances, before heading to Swansea City.
At the Liberty Stadium was where he made his name, earning a move to Manchester City as a result of his good performances for the swashbuckling Swans.
Sinclair is now at Celtic, but he doesn't get a look in these days making just six appearances this season - just two of those coming in the Scottish Premirship.
Judging by his social media activity he is keeping himself in tip-top shape, though - he posted a picture on Instagram yesterday of himself with the caption: "No matter what the situation, I’m focused and ready..!"
While Sinclair was obviously trying to be serious, Terry couldn't help himself, replying: "don’t forget the legs geez."


This is the complete list of members for
zmq::Poller, including all inherited members.
| add(int fd, int events) | zmq::Poller | [inline] |
| add(zmq::Socket *sock, int events) | zmq::Poller | [inline] |
| addItem(int fd, void *socket, int events) | zmq::Poller | [inline, private] |
| count() | zmq::Poller | [inline] |
| event_count_ | zmq::Poller | [private] |
| events(lua_State *L) | zmq::Poller | [inline] |
| idx_to_pos_ | zmq::Poller | [private] |
| idxToPos(int idx, lua_State *L) | zmq::Poller | [inline] |
| interrupted_ | zmq::Poller | [private] |
| modify(int idx, int events, lua_State *L) | zmq::Poller | [inline] |
| poll(float timeout) | zmq::Poller | [inline] |
| Poller(int reserve=8) | zmq::Poller | [inline] |
| pollitems_ | zmq::Poller | [private] |
| pollitems_size_ | zmq::Poller | [private] |
| pos_to_idx_ | zmq::Poller | [private] |
| posToEvent(int pos, lua_State *L) | zmq::Poller | [inline] |
| posToFd(int pos, lua_State *L) | zmq::Poller | [inline] |
| posToIdx(int pos, lua_State *L) | zmq::Poller | [inline] |
| remove(int idx) | zmq::Poller | [inline] |
| setupInterruptHook() | zmq::Poller | [inline, private] |
| sInterrupted(int i) | zmq::Poller | [inline, private, static] |
| sThisKey | zmq::Poller | [static] |
| time_ | zmq::Poller | [private] |
| used_count_ | zmq::Poller | [private] |
| ~Poller() | zmq::Poller | [inline] |


|
Plug-in Electric Vehicles 2008Call for videos: “Why I Want to Drive a Plug-In”Would you like to drive a plug-in car or truck? Create a video telling us why. If you already own one, create a video showing us how it works. Post your video on YouTube no later than June 4, 2008. We will show some of the most informative, original and funniest videos at the conference. Videos will be featured on a map on Google.org's RechargeIT website. If you want to own a plug-in, you could explain:
If you already have a plug-in, you could explain:
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©2008 Google - Google.org Home |


Economists, academics demand release of NSSO consumer spending data | Full statement
“It should be noted that consumption surveys are known to give results that diverge from macroeconomic estimates of the National Accounts.”
by The Hindu Net DeskOver 200 economists, academics and journalists on November 21 issued a statement demanding the release of NSSO consumption survey data. The government had on November 15 put the report on hold citing data quality issues, after a media report said consumer spending had slowed down for the first time in more than 40 years.
Here is the full statement:
Statement on release of NSSO consumption survey data
We the undersigned demand that the Government of India releases the report and data of all NSSO Surveys that have been completed and approved by the NSSO’s internal systems, including the results of the 75th round Survey of Consumer Expenditure, 2017-18.
A media leak published in Business Standard has revealed that the 2017-18 Consumer Expenditure Survey shows a sharp decline in average consumption. It has been suggested that the survey results are not being released because they support other evidence that the economy is experiencing a downturn. The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation has now announced that the results of the survey will not be released at all, because they show a higher divergence with the "administrative data" than for earlier surveys.
It should be noted that consumption surveys are known to give results that diverge from macroeconomic estimates of the National Accounts. Also, National Accounts estimates are based not only on administrative data but on a combination of sources including NSSO and other surveys. Several committees have looked into these discrepancies. While further work can be done to identify sources of and reduce these discrepancies, the common understanding has been that the flaws lie as much in the methods deployed for arriving at macroeconomic estimates as they do in surveys.
Consumption surveys are crucial for monitoring trends in poverty and inequality, and are also of critical value for national income accounting, and for updating macro-economic data such as price indices. They can provide an important check on administrative and macroeconomic data, which is important both for policy makers and the general public. The fact that data on supply of goods and household consumption are diverging points to the need for questioning supply side data (which are being widely questioned within and outside India) as much as it points to the continuing need for improving survey methods.
It is of fundamental importance for the nation that statistical institutions are kept independent of political interference, and are allowed to release all data independently. The record of the present government on this score has been very poor. Until recently, India has good cause to be proud of its statistical system, and the sample surveys conducted by the NSSO have served as a shining example and a model to the rest of the world. While there has been much discussion and debate about the methodology of the surveys, these have been scientific and technical in nature, devoted to trying to improve the system to enable better measures of crucial indicators.
However, this government has chosen to attack the credibility of this pre-eminent statistical institution simply because the results of the surveys do not accord with its own narrative about the economy, without providing any adequate reasons, and by misrepresenting essential features of the surveys. It has repeatedly shown its disinclination to make public any information that may show its own performance in a poor light. Last year, before the parliamentary elections, the results of the Periodic Labour Force Survey were not allowed to be released until the Parliamentary Elections were over, despite the resignation of two members of the National Statistical
Commission, and a leak in the media. Subsequently, results of other surveys including the 75th round (Consumer Expenditure), 76th round (Drinking water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Housing Conditions) and more recent quarterly data of the PLFS surveys, have not been released.
This suppression of essential data is terrible for accountability and for ensuring that citizens have the benefit of official data collection that is paid for with their taxes. It is also counterproductive for the government, which may be kept in the dark about actual trends in the economy and therefore not be able to devise appropriate policies. Undermining the objectivity and credibility of an independent statistical system is fundamentally against the national interest.
In the interest of transparency and accountability, all data must be released without delay and irrespective of what the results are. The government may wish to defend itself against interpretations of the statistics that it disagrees with. But this is best done through technical papers and seminars. To prevent release of data that are adverse, and diverge from its own understanding, is neither transparent nor technically sound.
Indeed, in order to produce transparent and robust information on distribution, it is also important for the government to grant researchers access to (anonymous) tax microfiles.
We therefore demand that the government should immediately release the report and unit-level data of the 75th Consumer Expenditure Survey. The government should also commit to release all other survey data after the usual processes to check for possible errors have been concluded.
Signed
1. A Vaidyanathan, Former Member, Planning Commission
2. A K Shiva Kumar, Ashoka University
3. A V Jose, Visiting Fellow, CDS, Thiruvananthapuram
4. Abhijit Sen, former Member, Planning Commission
5. Abhirup Sarkar, ISI Kolkata
6. Achin Chakraborty, IDS, Kolkata
7. Aditya Bhattacharjea, Delhi School of Economics
8. Aijaz Ahmad, University of California, Irvine
9. Ajit Zacharias, Levy Institute, Bard College, New York
10. Alejo Julca, Independent researcher
11. Alex M. Thomas, Azim Premji University
12. Alicia Puyana, Flacso, Mexico City
13. Alpa Shah, London School of Economics
14. Aman Bardia, New School for Social Research, New York.
15. Amit Basole, Azim Premji University
16. Amit Bhaduri, Emeritus Professor, JNU
17. Amitabha Bhattacharya
18. Amiti Sen, Journalist
19. Amiya Bagchi, Emeritus Professor, Institute of Development Studies Kolkata
20. Anamitra Roychowdhury, JNU
21. Andres Lazzarini, Goldsmiths University, London
22. Angus Deaton, Princeton University
23. Anita Dixit, Pratichi Institute
24. Anjana Thampi, IWWAGE, New Delhi
25. Anup Sinha Retired Professor of Economics IIM Calcutta
26. Anwar Shaikh, New School for Social Research
27. Arindam Banerjee, AUD, Delhi
28. Arjun Jayadev, Azim Premji University
29. Arthur MacEwan, University of Massachusetts Boston
30. Ashok Kotwal, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver
31. Ashwini Deshpande, Ashoka University
32. Astha Ahuja, University of Delhi
33. Atul Sood, JNU
34. Atul Sarma, Visiting Professor, ISID, New Delhi
35. Atulan Guha, IIM, Kashipur
36. Ayushya Kaul, Jamia Millia Islamia
37. Avinash Kumar, JNU
38. Awanish Kumar, St. Xavier's College, Mumbai
39. B Srujana, Tricontinental Institute for Social Research
40. Barbara Harriss-White, Emeritus Professor, Oxford University, and Emeritus Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford
41. Ben Fine, SOAS
42. Bhanoji Rao, Governing Board Member, GITAM and IFHE Universities
43. Bharat Ramaswami, ISI Delhi
44. Bibhas Saha, Durham University
45. Bindu Oberoi, University of Delhi
46. Biswajit Dhar, JNU
47. Byju, V, Thiruvananthapuram
48. C P Chandrasekhar, Retired Professor, JNU
49. C Saratchand, University of Delhi
50. Carlo Cafiero, Senior Statistician, FAO
51. Chalapati Rao KS, ISID, Delhi
52. Chirashree Das Gupta, JNU
53. Chris Baker, Editor, Siam Society
54. Chrostophe Jeffrelot, Sciences Po and King’s College London
55. D Narasimha Reddy, University of Hyderabad
56. D Narayana, Former Director, Gulati Institute of Finance and Taxation
57. Daniela Gabor, University of West England, Bristol
58. David Kotz, Professor Emeritus, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
59. Debabrata Pal, JNU
60. Debraj Ray, New York University
61. Deepak K Mishra, JNU
62. Dev Nathan, Institute for Human Development
63. Devaki Jain, ISST, New Delhi
64. Devika Dutt, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
65. Dilip Mookherjee, Boston University
66. Dinesh Abrol, ISID, Delhi
67. Dipa Sinha, AUD
68. Dipankor Coondoo, Retired Professor, ISI
69. Dipankar Dey, Dept of Business Management, Calcutta University
70. E. Ahmet Tonak, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
71. E Bijoykumar Singh, Manipur University
72. Emanuele Citera, The New School For Social Research
73. Farzana Afridi, ISI, Delhi
74. Francesco Saraceno, Sciences Po
75. Gaurav Khanna, University of California, San Diego
76. Giovanni Andrea Cornia, University of Florence
77. Hanjabam Isworchandra Sharma, Manipur University
78. Haroon Akram-Lodhi, Trent University, Canada
79. Hema Swaminathan, IIM Bangalore
80. Himanshu, JNU
81. Indra Nath Mukherji, JNU
82. Indraneel Dasgupta, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata
83. Indranil Chowdhury, University of Delhi
84. Indranil Mukhopadhyay, OP Jindal University
85. Ingrid Kvangraven, York University
86. Iqbal Singh, Akal University, Bathinda
87. Ishan Anand, Ambedkar University, Delhi
88. Ishita Mukhopadhyay, University of Calcutta
89. J. Mohan Rao, University of Massachusetts at Amherst
90. Jan Breman, University of Amsterdam
91. Jan Kregel, Levy Institute
92. Jason Hickel, Goldsmith College, London
93. Jayan Jose Thomas, Economist, New Delhi
94. Jayati Ghosh, JNU
95. Jens Lerche, SOAS
96. Jesim Pais, SSER
97. John Harriss, Professor Emeritus, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver
98. Jose Antonio Ocampo, Columbia University
99. Joydeep Baruah, OKD Institute of Social Change and Development, Guwahati
100. Kalyani Menon-Sen, Feminist Learning Partnerships
101. Kathleen McAfee, San Francisco State University
102. K J Joseph, Gulati Institute of Finance and Taxation
103. K N Harilal, Member, Kerala State Planning Board
104. K Nagaraj, Retired Professor, MIDS
105. K P Kannan, Retired Professor, CDS
106. K V Ramaswamy, IGIDR
107. Kumarjit Mandal, University of Calcutta
108. Kunibert Raffer, retired Associate Professor, University of Vienna
109. Lawrence King, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
110. Lucas Chancel, Co-Director, World Inequality Lab
111. M S Bhatta, Retired Professor, Jamia Millia Islamia
112. M S Sriram, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
113. M Vijayabaskar, MIDS
114. Maitreesh Ghatak, LSE
115. Mahalaya Chatterjee, Calcutta University
116. Malabika Majumdar, Retd. Professor, University of Delhi
117. Mandira Sarma, JNU
118. Martin Ravallion, Georgetown University
119. Mary E John, CWDS
120. Mira Shiva, Public Health Physician
121. Mridul Eapen, Member, Kerala State Planning Board
122. Mritiunjoy Mohanty, IIM, Kolkata
123. Mustafa Özer, Anadolu University
124. Mwangi wa Githinji – University of Massachusetts, Amherst
125. Nalini Nayak, SEWA, Kerala
126. Naveed Ahmad, Department of higher education Jammu and Kashmir (cluster University Srinagar)
127. Narender Thakur, University of Delhi
128. Nisha Biswas, Scientist
129. Nishith Prakash, University of Connecticut
130. Nitin Sethi, Independent journalist
131. Oliver Braunschweig, The New School for Social Research
132. Padmini Swaminathan, independent researcher, Chennai
133. Parthapratim Pal, IIM Calcutta
134. Pasuk Phongpaichit, Professor, Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok
135. Prabhat Patnaik, Emeritus Professor, JNU
136. Pranab Bardhan, University of California, Berkeley
137. Pranab Kanti Basu, Retired Professor, Visva Bharati University
138. Praveen Jha, JNU
139. Priya Mukherjee, William & Mary, Virginia
140. Pulin B Nayak, Retired Professor of Economics, Delhi School of Economics
141. R Nagaraj, IGIDR
142. R Ramakumar, TISS
143. R V Ramana Murthy, University of Hyderabad
144. Ragupathy, Goldsmiths University, London
145. Rahul Roy, ISI, Delhi
146. Rajah Rasiah, University of Malaya
147. Rajesh Madan, Noida
148. Rajeswari Sengupta, IGIDR
149. Rajesh Bhattacharya, IIM, Kolkata
150. Rajiv Jha, University of Delhi
151. Rakesh Ranjan, University of Delhi
152. Ramaa Vasudevan, Colorado State University
153. Rammanohar Reddy, Editor, The India Forum, and Visiting Professor, Goa University
154. Ranjan Ray, Monash University
155. Ranjini Basu, Focus on the Global South
156. Ratan Khasnabis, Adamas University, and Retired Professor, Calcutta University
157. Ravindran Govindan, Laurie Baker Center for Habitat Studies, Trivandrum
158. Ritu Dewan, Director (retd), Dept of Economics, University of Mumbai
159. Rohit Azad, JNU
160. Romar Correa, University of Mumbai
161. Rosa Abraham, Azim Premji University
162. Runa Sarkar, IIM Calcutta
163. S Krithi, TISS, Hyderabad
164. Sagari R Ramdas, Food Sovereignty Alliance
165. Saikat Sinha Roy, Jadavpur University
166. Samarjit Das, ISI, Kolkata
167. Sanjay Reddy, The New School for Social Research
168. Santosh Das, ISID, New Delhi
169. Saradindu Bhaduri, JNU
170. Sarmistha Pal, Surrey Business School
171. Satish Deshpande, Delhi University
172. Satyaki Roy, ISID, Delhi
173. Saumyajit Bhattacharya, Delhi University
174. Seema Kulkarni, SOPPECOM, Pune
175. Servaas Storm, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
176. Shambhu Ghatak, Senior Associate Fellow, Inclusive Media for Change
177. Shantanu De Roy, TERI University
178. Shiney Chakraborty, ISST, New Delhi
179. Shipra Nigam, Consultant Economist, New Delhi
180. Shouvik Chakraborty, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
181. Shyjan Davis, University of Calicut
182. Siwan Anderson, Vancouver School of Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
183. Smita Gupta, Economist
184. Smitha Francis, ISID, New Delhi
185. Snehashish Bhattacharya, SAU
186. Sona Mitra, IWWAGE, New Delhi
187. Stefano Zambelli, Provincial University of Trento
188. Suchetana Chattopadhyay, Jadavpur University.
189. Subin Dennis, Tricontinental Institute for Social Research
190. Sudhir Kumar Suthar, JNU
191. Sudip Chaudhuri, IIM, Kolkata
192. Sudipta Bhattacharyya, Visva Bharati
193. Sujata Patel, NIS, Shimla
194. Sukanta Bhattacharya, University of Calcutta
195. Sushil Khanna, IIM, Kolkata
196. Sripad Motiram, University of Massachusetts Boston
197. Sunanda Sen, Retired Professor, JNU
198. Surajit Das, JNU
199. Surajit Mazumdar, JNU
200. Suresh Aggarwal, Former Professor, Department of Business Economics, University of Delhi
201. Suranjan Gupta, New Delhi
202. T Sabri Öncü, Former Head of Research, CAFRAL
203. Takahiro Sato, Kobe University
204. Taposik Banerjee, Ambedkar University, Delhi
205. Thomas Piketty, Paris School of Economics
206. Upasak Das, University of Pennsylvania
207. Utsa Patnaik, Emerita Professor, JNU
208. Uttam Bhattacharya, Institute of Development Studies, Kolkata
209. Vamsi Vakulabharanam, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
210. Velupillai Kumaraswamy, former Professor, University of Trento and New School University
211. Venkatesh B Athreya, Professor of Economics (Retired), Bharathidasan University
212. Vikas Rawal, JNU
213. Yogendra Yadav, Swaraj India, and former member, UGC
214. Yoshifumi Usami, University of Tokyo


Forum Configuration
With Forum Configuration you can set your forum
configuration.
Just edit the list of configuration you want and it should
change your forum configuration. For forum themes you must edit
your theme.php color setting manually.
This are some of detail information:
Allow HTML: which allow user to post HTML in the forum post and replies.
Allow BBCODE: which allow user to post BBCODE in the forum post and replies.
Allow Signature: which allow to user to include their signature in the forum post and replies.
Hot Topic Threshold: the minimum number of replies before its topic become HOT topic.
Posts per Page: the number of posts per topic that will be displayed per page of a topic.
Topics per Forum: the number of topic list per pages.


Exeter Muslim family feel ‘sick and violated’ after being delivered pork on vegetarian Domino's pizza
"This is morally and ethically wrong"
by Anita MerrittA Muslim family have spoken of how they feel ‘sick and violated’ after being delivered a pork sausage pizza instead of the vegetarian one they had ordered.
Exeter family-of-five the Khans ordered a vegetarian supreme online from Domino's in Honiton Road last night.
The mistake only came to light when they began tucking into their takeaway after it had been delivered.
Dad Sami Khan had already eaten a slice of when he saw that the ‘funny taste’ was in fact pork which is against their religion to eat.
Domino's have apologised for the error, but the family say it is not good enough.
In 2017, a Muslim man suing America’s third largest pizza chain - Little Caesars - for $100 million (£78 million) after being served a pizza labelled halal which was topped with pork pepperoni.
Ambia said: “My husband ate one slice and he wasn’t sure, so he looked on another slice of pizza and saw the pork.
“He feels sick and violated as it’s pork sausage and we’re Muslim.
“Pork is an absolute no, and on top of that we are vegetarian.
“Domino's have dealt with this situation horrendously. They said we could have a replacement pizza, but we didn’t want anything from them.
“When my husband took the pizza to them in Honiton Road they confirmed it was sausage. No one came to our house to collect the pizza for investigation. In the shop they apologised but said, ‘it’s busy shop, it happens, just deal with it’.
“They offered replacement but after experiencing this we don’t want anything from them. What about if we were allergic? They can’t say sorry if that person happened to die.
“We have not had a refund, but that's not the point. This is morally and ethically wrong.
“If it can happen to us it can happen again. They need to do something to ensure there is no risk of cross contamination. It is serious and for an established business like Domino's it should be priority.”
A Domino’s spokesperson said: "This was an innocent mistake.
"When the customer notified us we immediately apologised and collected the pizza to investigate further.
"We issued a full refund to the customer and offered to remake and deliver a fresh order.”


--- title: "Problem set 1" author: "HaEun Choi" date: 2020-09-25T21:13:14-05:00 bibliography: "references.bib" categories: ["R"] tags: ["R Markdown", "plot", "regression"] ---
#Abstract My abstract
We use Wickham et al. (2019).
Three paragraph statement.
First paragraph: General. Motivational. Majors specific finding.
Second paragraph: More about what you did and found.
Third paragraph: Outline of the paper. Future work. Weaknesses.
#Data The CES dataset is
get_decon()
## TO CITE THIS SURVEY FILE: Stephenson, Laura B; Harell, Allison; Rubenson, Daniel; Loewen, Peter John, 2020, '2019 Canadian Election Study - Online Survey',
## https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DUS88V, Harvard Dataverse, V1
## LINK: https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/DUS88V
mydata=data.frame(decon$province_territory,ces2019_web$cps19_v_likely)
#unique(mydata$ces2019_web.cps19_v_likely)
mydata$vote=ifelse(mydata$ces2019_web.cps19_v_likely==5 | mydata$ces2019_web.cps19_v_likely==6 | is.na(mydata$ces2019_web.cps19_v_likely), NA, ifelse(mydata$ces2019_web.cps19_v_likely==3 | mydata$ces2019_web.cps19_v_likely==4, 0, 1))
#Data Discussion The variables we focus on are….“province” “likely scale” response to the upcoming election both variables are categorical
Summary statistics for these variables…
Descriptive statiscis –> how many ppl, “table”
You must include graphs.
#install.packages("ggplot2")
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(mydata, aes(x=decon.province_territory, y=vote)) + stat_summary(fun.y="mean", geom="bar") + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5, hjust=1)) + coord_flip()
## Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
## Warning: Removed 2037 rows containing non-finite values (stat_summary).
#Weaknesses
#Nexsteps
Stephenson, Laura B; Harell, Allison; Rubenson, Daniel; Loewen, Peter John, 2020, ‘2019 Canadian Election Study - Online Survey’, https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DUS88V, Harvard Dataverse, V1
Stephenson, Laura, Allison Harrel, Daniel Rubenson and Peter Loewen. Forthcoming. ‘Measuring Preferences and Behaviour in the 2019 Canadian Election Study,’ Canadian Journal of Political Science.
-ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis Wickham, H., 2016. Springer-Verlag New York.
Wickham, Hadley, Mara Averick, Jennifer Bryan, Winston Chang, Lucy D’Agostino McGowan, Romain François, Garrett Grolemund, et al. 2019. “Welcome to the tidyverse.” Journal of Open Source Software 4 (43): 1686. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01686.


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Describes your Spot fleet requests.
Spot fleet requests are deleted 48 hours after they are canceled and their instances are terminated.
See also: AWS API Documentation
describe-spot-fleet-requests is a paginated operation. Multiple API calls may be issued in order to retrieve the entire data set of results. You can disable pagination by providing the --no-paginate argument. When using --output text and the --query argument on a paginated response, the --query argument must extract data from the results of the following query expressions: SpotFleetRequestConfigs
describe-spot-fleet-requests
[--dry-run | --no-dry-run]
[--spot-fleet-request-ids <value>]
[--cli-input-json <value>]
[--starting-token <value>]
[--page-size <value>]
[--max-items <value>]
[--generate-cli-skeleton <value>]
--dry-run | --no-dry-run (boolean)
Checks whether you have the required permissions for the action, without actually making the request, and provides an error response. If you have the required permissions, the error response is DryRunOperation . Otherwise, it is UnauthorizedOperation .
--spot-fleet-request-ids (list)
The IDs of the Spot fleet requests.
Syntax:
"string" "string" ...
--cli-input-json (string) Performs service operation based on the JSON string provided. The JSON string follows the format provided by --generate-cli-skeleton. If other arguments are provided on the command line, the CLI values will override the JSON-provided values.
A token to specify where to start paginating. This is the NextToken from a previously truncated response.
The size of each page.
The total number of items to return. If the total number of items available is more than the value specified in max-items then a NextToken will be provided in the output that you can use to resume pagination. This NextToken response element should not be used directly outside of the AWS CLI.
--generate-cli-skeleton (string) Prints a JSON skeleton to standard output without sending an API request. If provided with no value or the value input, prints a sample input JSON that can be used as an argument for --cli-input-json. If provided with the value output, it validates the command inputs and returns a sample output JSON for that command.
To describe your Spot fleet requests
This example describes all of your Spot fleet requests.
Command:
aws ec2 describe-spot-fleet-requests
Output:
{
"SpotFleetRequestConfigs": [
{
"SpotFleetRequestId": "sfr-73fbd2ce-aa30-494c-8788-1cee4EXAMPLE",
"SpotFleetRequestConfig": {
"TargetCapacity": 20,
"LaunchSpecifications": [
{
"EbsOptimized": false,
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"SubnetId": "subnet-a61dafcf",
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"DeleteOnTermination": false,
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true,
"SecondaryPrivateIpAddressCount": 0
}
],
"InstanceType": "cc2.8xlarge",
"ImageId": "ami-1a2b3c4d"
},
{
"EbsOptimized": false,
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"SubnetId": "subnet-a61dafcf",
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"DeleteOnTermination": false,
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true,
"SecondaryPrivateIpAddressCount": 0
}
],
"InstanceType": "r3.8xlarge",
"ImageId": "ami-1a2b3c4d"
}
],
"SpotPrice": "0.05",
"IamFleetRole": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/my-spot-fleet-role"
},
"SpotFleetRequestState": "active"
},
{
"SpotFleetRequestId": "sfr-306341ed-9739-402e-881b-ce47bEXAMPLE",
"SpotFleetRequestConfig": {
"TargetCapacity": 20,
"LaunchSpecifications": [
{
"EbsOptimized": false,
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"SubnetId": "subnet-6e7f829e",
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"DeleteOnTermination": false,
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true,
"SecondaryPrivateIpAddressCount": 0
}
],
"InstanceType": "m3.medium",
"ImageId": "ami-1a2b3c4d"
}
],
"SpotPrice": "0.05",
"IamFleetRole": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/my-spot-fleet-role"
},
"SpotFleetRequestState": "active"
}
]
}
To describe a Spot fleet request
This example describes the specified Spot fleet request.
Command:
aws ec2 describe-spot-fleet-requests --spot-fleet-request-ids sfr-73fbd2ce-aa30-494c-8788-1cee4EXAMPLE
Output:
{
"SpotFleetRequestConfigs": [
{
"SpotFleetRequestId": "sfr-73fbd2ce-aa30-494c-8788-1cee4EXAMPLE",
"SpotFleetRequestConfig": {
"TargetCapacity": 20,
"LaunchSpecifications": [
{
"EbsOptimized": false,
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"SubnetId": "subnet-a61dafcf",
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"DeleteOnTermination": false,
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true,
"SecondaryPrivateIpAddressCount": 0
}
],
"InstanceType": "cc2.8xlarge",
"ImageId": "ami-1a2b3c4d"
},
{
"EbsOptimized": false,
"NetworkInterfaces": [
{
"SubnetId": "subnet-a61dafcf",
"DeviceIndex": 0,
"DeleteOnTermination": false,
"AssociatePublicIpAddress": true,
"SecondaryPrivateIpAddressCount": 0
}
],
"InstanceType": "r3.8xlarge",
"ImageId": "ami-1a2b3c4d"
}
],
"SpotPrice": "0.05",
"IamFleetRole": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/my-spot-fleet-role"
},
"SpotFleetRequestState": "active"
}
]
}
SpotFleetRequestConfigs -> (list)
Information about the configuration of your Spot fleet.
(structure)
Describes a Spot fleet request.
SpotFleetRequestId -> (string)
The ID of the Spot fleet request.SpotFleetRequestState -> (string)
The state of the Spot fleet request.SpotFleetRequestConfig -> (structure)
Information about the configuration of the Spot fleet request.
ClientToken -> (string)
A unique, case-sensitive identifier you provide to ensure idempotency of your listings. This helps avoid duplicate listings. For more information, see Ensuring Idempotency .SpotPrice -> (string)
The bid price per unit hour.TargetCapacity -> (integer)
The number of units to request. You can choose to set the target capacity in terms of instances or a performance characteristic that is important to your application workload, such as vCPUs, memory, or I/O.ValidFrom -> (timestamp)
The start date and time of the request, in UTC format (for example, YYYY -MM -DD T*HH* :MM :SS Z). The default is to start fulfilling the request immediately.ValidUntil -> (timestamp)
The end date and time of the request, in UTC format (for example, YYYY -MM -DD T*HH* :MM :SS Z). At this point, no new Spot instance requests are placed or enabled to fulfill the request.TerminateInstancesWithExpiration -> (boolean)
Indicates whether running Spot instances should be terminated when the Spot fleet request expires.IamFleetRole -> (string)
Grants the Spot fleet permission to terminate Spot instances on your behalf when you cancel its Spot fleet request using cancel-spot-fleet-requests or when the Spot fleet request expires, if you set terminateInstancesWithExpiration .LaunchSpecifications -> (list)
Information about the launch specifications for the Spot fleet request.
(structure)
Describes the launch specification for one or more Spot instances.
ImageId -> (string)
The ID of the AMI.KeyName -> (string)
The name of the key pair.SecurityGroups -> (list)
One or more security groups. When requesting instances in a VPC, you must specify the IDs of the security groups. When requesting instances in EC2-Classic, you can specify the names or the IDs of the security groups.
(structure)
Describes a security group.
GroupName -> (string)
The name of the security group.GroupId -> (string)
The ID of the security group.UserData -> (string)
The user data to make available to the instances. If you are using an AWS SDK or command line tool, Base64-encoding is performed for you, and you can load the text from a file. Otherwise, you must provide Base64-encoded text.AddressingType -> (string)
Deprecated.InstanceType -> (string)
The instance type. Note that T2 and HS1 instance types are not supported.Placement -> (structure)
The placement information.
AvailabilityZone -> (string)
The Availability Zone.
[Spot fleet only] To specify multiple Availability Zones, separate them using commas; for example, "us-west-2a, us-west-2b".
GroupName -> (string)
The name of the placement group (for cluster instances).Tenancy -> (string)
The tenancy of the instance (if the instance is running in a VPC). An instance with a tenancy of dedicated runs on single-tenant hardware. The host tenancy is not supported for Spot instances.KernelId -> (string)
The ID of the kernel.RamdiskId -> (string)
The ID of the RAM disk.BlockDeviceMappings -> (list)
One or more block device mapping entries.
(structure)
Describes a block device mapping.
VirtualName -> (string)
The virtual device name (ephemeral N). Instance store volumes are numbered starting from 0. An instance type with 2 available instance store volumes can specify mappings for ephemeral0 and ephemeral1 .The number of available instance store volumes depends on the instance type. After you connect to the instance, you must mount the volume.
Constraints: For M3 instances, you must specify instance store volumes in the block device mapping for the instance. When you launch an M3 instance, we ignore any instance store volumes specified in the block device mapping for the AMI.
DeviceName -> (string)
The device name exposed to the instance (for example, /dev/sdh or xvdh ).Ebs -> (structure)
Parameters used to automatically set up EBS volumes when the instance is launched.
SnapshotId -> (string)
The ID of the snapshot.VolumeSize -> (integer)
The size of the volume, in GiB.
Constraints: 1-16384 for General Purpose SSD (gp2 ), 4-16384 for Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1 ), 500-16384 for Throughput Optimized HDD (st1 ), 500-16384 for Cold HDD (sc1 ), and 1-1024 for Magnetic (standard ) volumes. If you specify a snapshot, the volume size must be equal to or larger than the snapshot size.
Default: If you're creating the volume from a snapshot and don't specify a volume size, the default is the snapshot size.
DeleteOnTermination -> (boolean)
Indicates whether the EBS volume is deleted on instance termination.VolumeType -> (string)
The volume type: gp2 , io1 , st1 , sc1 , or standard .
Default: standard
Iops -> (integer)
The number of I/O operations per second (IOPS) that the volume supports. For io1 , this represents the number of IOPS that are provisioned for the volume. For gp2 , this represents the baseline performance of the volume and the rate at which the volume accumulates I/O credits for bursting. For more information about General Purpose SSD baseline performance, I/O credits, and bursting, see Amazon EBS Volume Types in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud User Guide .
Constraint: Range is 100-20000 IOPS for io1 volumes and 100-10000 IOPS for gp2 volumes.
Condition: This parameter is required for requests to create io1 volumes; it is not used in requests to create gp2 , st1 , sc1 , or standard volumes.
Encrypted -> (boolean)
Indicates whether the EBS volume is encrypted. Encrypted Amazon EBS volumes may only be attached to instances that support Amazon EBS encryption.NoDevice -> (string)
Suppresses the specified device included in the block device mapping of the AMI.Monitoring -> (structure)
Enable or disable monitoring for the instances.
Enabled -> (boolean)
Enables monitoring for the instance.
Default: false
SubnetId -> (string)
The ID of the subnet in which to launch the instances. To specify multiple subnets, separate them using commas; for example, "subnet-a61dafcf, subnet-65ea5f08".NetworkInterfaces -> (list)
One or more network interfaces. If you specify a network interface, you must specify subnet IDs and security group IDs using the network interface.
(structure)
Describes a network interface.
NetworkInterfaceId -> (string)
The ID of the network interface.DeviceIndex -> (integer)
The index of the device on the instance for the network interface attachment. If you are specifying a network interface in a run-instances request, you must provide the device index.SubnetId -> (string)
The ID of the subnet associated with the network string. Applies only if creating a network interface when launching an instance.Description -> (string)
The description of the network interface. Applies only if creating a network interface when launching an instance.PrivateIpAddress -> (string)
The private IPv4 address of the network interface. Applies only if creating a network interface when launching an instance. You cannot specify this option if you're launching more than one instance in a run-instances request.Groups -> (list)
The IDs of the security groups for the network interface. Applies only if creating a network interface when launching an instance.
(string)
DeleteOnTermination -> (boolean)
If set to true , the interface is deleted when the instance is terminated. You can specify true only if creating a new network interface when launching an instance.PrivateIpAddresses -> (list)
One or more private IPv4 addresses to assign to the network interface. Only one private IPv4 address can be designated as primary. You cannot specify this option if you're launching more than one instance in a run-instances request.
(structure)
Describes a secondary private IPv4 address for a network interface.
PrivateIpAddress -> (string)
The private IPv4 addresses.Primary -> (boolean)
Indicates whether the private IPv4 address is the primary private IPv4 address. Only one IPv4 address can be designated as primary.SecondaryPrivateIpAddressCount -> (integer)
The number of secondary private IPv4 addresses. You can't specify this option and specify more than one private IP address using the private IP addresses option. You cannot specify this option if you're launching more than one instance in a run-instances request.AssociatePublicIpAddress -> (boolean)
Indicates whether to assign a public IPv4 address to an instance you launch in a VPC. The public IP address can only be assigned to a network interface for eth0, and can only be assigned to a new network interface, not an existing one. You cannot specify more than one network interface in the request. If launching into a default subnet, the default value is true .Ipv6Addresses -> (list)
One or more IPv6 addresses to assign to the network interface. You cannot specify this option and the option to assign a number of IPv6 addresses in the same request. You cannot specify this option if you've specified a minimum number of instances to launch.
(structure)
Describes an IPv6 address.
Ipv6Address -> (string)
The IPv6 address.Ipv6AddressCount -> (integer)
A number of IPv6 addresses to assign to the network interface. Amazon EC2 chooses the IPv6 addresses from the range of the subnet. You cannot specify this option and the option to assign specific IPv6 addresses in the same request. You can specify this option if you've specified a minimum number of instances to launch.IamInstanceProfile -> (structure)
The IAM instance profile.
Arn -> (string)
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the instance profile.Name -> (string)
The name of the instance profile.EbsOptimized -> (boolean)
Indicates whether the instances are optimized for EBS I/O. This optimization provides dedicated throughput to Amazon EBS and an optimized configuration stack to provide optimal EBS I/O performance. This optimization isn't available with all instance types. Additional usage charges apply when using an EBS Optimized instance.
Default: false
WeightedCapacity -> (double)
The number of units provided by the specified instance type. These are the same units that you chose to set the target capacity in terms (instances or a performance characteristic such as vCPUs, memory, or I/O).
If the target capacity divided by this value is not a whole number, we round the number of instances to the next whole number. If this value is not specified, the default is 1.
SpotPrice -> (string)
The bid price per unit hour for the specified instance type. If this value is not specified, the default is the Spot bid price specified for the fleet. To determine the bid price per unit hour, divide the Spot bid price by the value of WeightedCapacity .ExcessCapacityTerminationPolicy -> (string)
Indicates whether running Spot instances should be terminated if the target capacity of the Spot fleet request is decreased below the current size of the Spot fleet.AllocationStrategy -> (string)
Indicates how to allocate the target capacity across the Spot pools specified by the Spot fleet request. The default is lowestPrice .FulfilledCapacity -> (double)
The number of units fulfilled by this request compared to the set target capacity.Type -> (string)
The type of request. Indicates whether the fleet will only request the target capacity or also attempt to maintain it. When you request a certain target capacity, the fleet will only place the required bids. It will not attempt to replenish Spot instances if capacity is diminished, nor will it submit bids in alternative Spot pools if capacity is not available. When you want to maintain a certain target capacity, fleet will place the required bids to meet this target capacity. It will also automatically replenish any interrupted instances. Default: maintain .ReplaceUnhealthyInstances -> (boolean)
Indicates whether Spot fleet should replace unhealthy instances.CreateTime -> (timestamp)
The creation date and time of the request.ActivityStatus -> (string)
The progress of the Spot fleet request. If there is an error, the status is error . After all bids are placed, the status is pending_fulfillment . If the size of the fleet is equal to or greater than its target capacity, the status is fulfilled . If the size of the fleet is decreased, the status is pending_termination while Spot instances are terminating.
NextToken -> (string)
The token required to retrieve the next set of results. This value is null when there are no more results to return.


Feature Modeler
Describe product families with Feature Models.Introduction
This tool provides a browser-based interface to create Feature Models and is based on the Angular framework and the PouchDB database. It supports the basic set of Feature Model properties such as hierarchical feature trees, excluding and requiring dependencies, mandatory and optional features as well as OR and XOR feature selections. More advanced Feature Model additions like cardinalities are not currently supported. Feature Models created with this modeler can be exported as a JSON file by clicking on the “Save” button in the list of all models.
This software was intended as a support tool for a Master thesis exploring product configuration in Augmented Reality applied to the domain of kitchen furniture. For this purpose, the modeler uses the concept of “Metadata” — a block of information that describes properties of kitchen parts that are relevant for Augmented Reality. The modeler can attach such a block to any feature that corresponds to an actual physical object which is represented in the modeler by the “Is Physical” marker.


public interface CustomConverterPlugin extends ConverterBase
A minimal custom converter needs to implement convert
method, which applies the conversion to each Document
object, and
publishes possibly multiple result Document
objects via given
publisher of type Publisher<? super Document>.
Developers can also supply
canProcess
,
canReadMetadataFrom
, and
postProcess
, in order to control which crawl-data
to process by this
converter, which crawl-data
to be used as metadata for conversion,
and to set content-type to the resulting crawl-data
. For example, we
typically implement
canProcess
as follows.
@Override
public boolean canProcess(CrawlData data) {
if (getGeneralSettings() != null) {
return CustomConverterPlugin.super.canProcess(data);
} else {
return "text/csv".equals(data.getContentType());
}
}
If a converter configuration is available, this uses the default
implementation of the method which checks typeIn
and
conditional
fields of general settings section of the configuration.
Otherwise it checks the content-type
of the input crawl data
manually.
ConverterBase.ConverterStatus
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
default void |
configure(java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.String> parameters)
Interface method to configure this converter plugin by given parameters.
|
default ConverterBase.ConverterStatus |
convert(Document document,
AXMLBase.Publisher<? super Document> documentPublisher,
java.lang.Iterable<Document> metaDocumentList)
Interface method for implementing
document -level conversion. |
boolean |
forcesDeletion()
The implementation of this method defines a flag as to whether or not the
deletion is issued for any old document with
url that matches by
prefix to url of crawl-data that is processed by this
converter, before the results of this converter are added to the dataset. |
default ConverterConfiguration |
getConfiguration() |
static void |
main(java.lang.String[] args)
Command line test runner's
main method. |
boolean |
removesMetadata()
The implementation of this method defines a flag as to whether or not after
the conversion, this converter removes metadata, i.e.,
crawl-data for
which
canReadMetadataFrom is true , from the output. |
canProcess, canReadMetadataFrom, getGeneralSettings, logger, postProcess
boolean removesMetadata()
ConverterBase
crawl-data
for
which
canReadMetadataFrom
is true
, from the output.removesMetadata
in interface ConverterBase
true
, if metadata needs to be removed.boolean forcesDeletion()
ConverterBase
url
that matches by
prefix to url
of crawl-data
that is processed by this
converter, before the results of this converter are added to the dataset.
*forcesDeletion
in interface ConverterBase
true
, if the deletion of old documents with matching
url
should be issued.default void configure(java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.String> parameters)
parameters
- key-value mapdefault ConverterConfiguration getConfiguration()
getConfiguration
in interface ConverterBase
ConverterConfiguration
of this
converter, which is set by the converter pipeline framework.default ConverterBase.ConverterStatus convert(Document document, AXMLBase.Publisher<? super Document> documentPublisher, java.lang.Iterable<Document> metaDocumentList) throws AmaIngestionException
document
-level conversion. This
method is called on each AXML document
, if enclosing
crawl-data
has appropriate content-type checked by
canProcess()
.document
- input AXML document, enclosed in crawl-data
for which
canProcess
is true.documentPublisher
- publisher for output AXML documentsmetaDocumentList
- metadata documents used for conversion, extracted from
crawl-data
for which
canReadMetadataFrom
is true.AmaIngestionException
static void main(java.lang.String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception
main
method. Use this
method to test and debug your converter plugin as a stand-alone application,
e.g., from your Java IDE.
java com.ibm.es.ama.zing.common.model.converter.CustomConverterPlugin <class name> <input axml> [<key>=<value>]*
configure
method
Note that when running your plugin on the test runner, we don't supply
converter configuration, so that values of getConfiguration
and getGeneralSettings
are
both null
.
args
- command line args.java.lang.Exception


Configurations¶
PyTorch Connectomics uses a key-value based configuration system that can be adjusted to carry out standard and commonly used tasks. The configuration system is built with YACS that uses YAML, a human-readable data-serialization language, to manage options.
Note
The system has _C.KEY:VALUE
field, which will use a pre-defined configurations first. Values in the pre-defined config will
be overwritten in sub-configs, if there are any according to the user requirements. We provided several base configs for standard tasks
in connectomics research as <task>.yaml
files at pytorch_connectomics/configs/.
We do not expect all features in the package to be available through configs, which will make it too complicated. If you need
to add options that are not available in the current version, please modify the keys-value pairs in /connectomics/config/config.py
Basic Usage¶
Some basic usage of the CfgNode
object in YACS is shown below:
from yacs.config import CfgNode as CN
_C = CN() # config definition
_C.SYSTEM = CN() # config definition for GPU and CPU
_C.MODEL = CN() # Model architectures defined in the package
_C.MODEL.ARCHITECTURE = 'unet_residual_3d'
The configs in PyTorch Connectomics also accepts command line configuration overwrite, i.e.: Key-value pairs provided in the command line will
overwrite the existing values in the config file. For example, we can add arguments when executing scripts/main.py
:
python -u scripts/main.py \
--config-file configs/Lucchi-Mitochondria.yaml SOLVER.ITERATION_TOTAL 30000
To see a list of available configs in PyTorch Connectomics and what they mean, check Config References.
Multiple Losses for a Single Learning Target¶
Sometimes training with a single loss function does not produce favorable predictions. Thus we provide a simple way to specify multiple loss functions
for training the segmentation models. For example, to use the weighted binary cross-entropy loss (WeightedBCE
) and the soft Sørensen–Dice
loss (DiceLoss
) at the same time, we can change the key-value pairs of LOSS_OPTION
in the config.yaml
file by doing:
MODEL:
LOSS_OPTION: [['WeightedBCE', 'DiceLoss']]
LOSS_WEIGHT: [[1.0, 0.5]]
WEIGHT_OPT: [['1', '0']]
LOSS_OPTION
: the loss criterions to be used during training.
LOSS_WEIGHT
: the relative weight of each loss function.
WEIGHT_OPT
: the option for generating pixel-wise loss mask (set to ‘0’ disable).
If you only want to use weighted binary cross-entropy loss, do:
MODEL:
LOSS_OPTION: [['WeightedBCE']]
LOSS_WEIGHT: [[1.0]]
WEIGHT_OPT: [['1']]
Multitask Learning¶
To conduct multitask learning, which predicts multiple targets given a image volume, we can further adjust the TARGET_OPT
option.
For example, to conduct instance segmentation of mitochondria, we can predict not only the binary foreground mask but also the instance
boundary to distinguish closely touching objects. Specifically, we can use the following options:
MODEL:
TARGET_OPT: ['0', '4-2-1']
LOSS_OPTION: [['WeightedBCE', 'DiceLoss'], ['WeightedBCE']]
LOSS_WEIGHT: [[1.0, 1.0], [1.0]]
WEIGHT_OPT: [['1', '0'], ['1']]
TARGET_OPT
: a list of the targets to learn.
Currently five kinds of TARGET_OPT
are supported:
'0'
: binary foreground mask (used in the mitochondria segmentation tutorial).'1'
: synaptic polarity mask (used in the synaptic polairty tutorial).'2'
: affinity map (used in the neuron segmentation tutorial).'3'
: masks of small objects only.'4'
: instance boundaries (used in the mitochondria segmentation tutorial).'9'
: generic segmantic segmentation. Supposing there are 12 classes (including one background class) to predict, we need to setMODEL.OUT_PLANES: 12
andMODEL.TARGET_OPT: ['9-12']
. Here9
represent the multi-class semantic segmentation task, while12
in['9-12']
represents the 12 semantic classes.
More options will be provided soon!
Inference¶
Most of the config options are shared by training and inference. However, there are
several options to be adjusted at inference time by the update_inference_cfg
function:
def update_inference_cfg(cfg):
r"""Update configurations (cfg) when running mode is inference.
Note that None type is not supported in current release of YACS (0.1.7), but will be
supported soon according to this pull request: https://github.com/rbgirshick/yacs/pull/18.
Therefore a re-organization of the configurations using None type will be done when YACS
0.1.8 is released.
"""
# Dataset configurations:
if len(cfg.INFERENCE.INPUT_PATH) != 0:
cfg.DATASET.INPUT_PATH = cfg.INFERENCE.INPUT_PATH
cfg.DATASET.IMAGE_NAME = cfg.INFERENCE.IMAGE_NAME
cfg.DATASET.OUTPUT_PATH = cfg.INFERENCE.OUTPUT_PATH
if len(cfg.INFERENCE.PAD_SIZE) != 0:
cfg.DATASET.PAD_SIZE = cfg.INFERENCE.PAD_SIZE
# Model configurations:
if len(cfg.INFERENCE.INPUT_SIZE) != 0:
cfg.MODEL.INPUT_SIZE = cfg.INFERENCE.INPUT_SIZE
if len(cfg.INFERENCE.OUTPUT_SIZE) != 0:
cfg.MODEL.OUTPUT_SIZE = cfg.INFERENCE.OUTPUT_SIZE
There are also several options exclusive for inference. For example:
INFERENCE:
AUG_MODE: 'mean' # options for test augmentation
AUG_NUM: 4
BLENDING: 'gaussian' # blending function for overlapping inference
STRIDE: (4, 128, 128) # sampling stride for inference
SAMPLES_PER_BATCH: 16 # batchsize for inference


There is no fear for one whose mind is not filled with desires.
Transformation of Bad Circumstances into the Way of Enlightenment
The past is already gone, the future is not yet here. There’s only one moment for you to live.
Believe nothing, no matter where you read it, or who said it, no matter if I have said it, unless it agrees with your own reason and your own common sense.
Everything that has a beginning has an ending. Make your peace with that and all will be well.


|
Java Utility Libraries
Apart from the libraries that express parts of our Java Vernacular, ppwcode also features a number of libraries that gather utility code in selected areas. With this code, we do not wish to express a particular design choice or idiom, but simply wish to gather code that makes the lives of programmers more easy. |
|||
|
Code you expect to exist
In essence, this is code we expected in the standard Java API in the first place, or at least in much used libraries such as Apache Commons. We use that code too, in our projects, when it is appropriate. These libraries do not have the intention to supersede other established utility libraries, but rather to fill the gaps, or build on them. This utility code might be of interest to you, even if you are not interested in our vernaculars. One significant difference with existing utility libraries is that they are all built using our Java exception vernacular. Since most of utility code, by nature, does not deal with aspects relevant to the end-user, most cases that prevent a nominal end of methods will throw errors, signaling a programming error or an external error, and not exceptions. |
Java Utility Projects
The Java Utility Projects are explained in full detail in the Maven 2 generated project sites. Each version of a project has its own site.
The intention is to reactivate or create projects concerning collections, and small fries soon. |


Moby Dick
by Herman Melville
Chapter 116: The Dying Whale
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1851
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: United States of America
- Source: Melville H. (1851). Moby Dick.London, England: Richard Bently.
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 9.8
- Word Count: 524
- Genre: Adventure
- Keywords: 19th century literature, american literature, herman melville, moby dick
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
Not seldom in this life, when, on the right side, fortune’s favorites sail close by us, we, though all adroop before, catch somewhat of the rushing breeze, and joyfully feel our bagging sails fill out. So seemed it with the Pequod. For next day after encountering the gay Bachelor, whales were seen and four were slain; and one of them by Ahab.
It was far down the afternoon; and when all the spearings of the crimson fight were done; and floating in the lovely sunset sea and sky, sun and whale both stilly died together; then, such a sweetness and such plaintiveness, such inwreathing orisons curled up in that rosy air, that it almost seemed as if far over from the deep green convent valleys of the Manilla isles, the Spanish land-breeze, wantonly turned sailor, had gone to sea, freighted with these vesper hymns.
Soothed again, but only soothed to deeper gloom, Ahab, who had sterned off from the whale, sat intently watching his final wanings from the now tranquil boat. For that strange spectacle observable in all sperm whales dying- the turning sunwards of the head, and so expiring- that strange spectacle, beheld of such a placid evening, somehow to Ahab conveyed a wondrousness unknown before.
“He turns and turns him to it,- how slowly, but how steadfastly, his homage-rendering and invoking brow, with his last dying motions. He too worships fire; most faithful, broad, baronial vassal of the sun!- Oh that these too-favoring eyes should see these too-favoring sights. Look! here, far water-locked; beyond all hum of human weal or woe; in these most candid and impartial seas; where to traditions no rocks furnish tablets; where for long Chinese ages, the billows have still rolled on speechless and unspoken to, as stars that shine upon the Niger’s unknown source; here, too, life dies sunwards full of faith, but see! no sooner dead, than death whirls round the corpse, and it heads some other way.
“Oh, thou dark Hindoo half of nature, who of drowned bones hast builded thy separate throne somewhere in the heart of these unverdured seas; thou art an infidel, thou queen, and too truly speakest to me in the wide-slaughtering Typhoon, and the hushed burial of its after calm. Nor has this thy whale sunwards turned his dying head, and then gone round again, without a lesson to me.
“Oh, trebly hooped and welded hip of power! Oh, high aspiring, rainbowed jet!- that one strivest, this one jettest all in vain! In vain, oh whale, dost thou seek intercedings with yon all-quickening sun, that only calls forth life, but gives it not again. Yet dost thou darker half, rock me with a prouder, if a darker faith. All thy unnamable imminglings float beneath me here; I am buoyed by breaths of once living things, exhaled as air, but water now.
“Then hail, for ever hail, O sea, in whose eternal tossings the wild fowl finds his only rest. Born of earth, yet suckled by the sea; though hill and valley mothered me, ye billows are my foster-brothers!”


Product Roadmap Episode 1: Nathan Gets A Spreadsheet In The End
As a truly open-source platform, we would like our Terminators to know what the product roadmap is and where we currently stand. We use multiple product development frameworks and tools such as Milanote to help ideate and visualise our product decisions strategically. The product roadmap is exactly as it sounds, it is a high-level visual summary that helps to carry out our company’s vision over a period of time, normally 12 months or longer. At TerminusDB we believe product roadmaps are important as it provides a digestible and comprehensible way to communicate key product priorities with internal and external stakeholders. We have divided this into different episodes.
Episode 1 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xseqLEMF7YQ
Meet Sarah, a junior developer in the IT department at Industrial Gizmos and Widgets, an international wholesaler supplying gizmos and widgets to an international market. Her department’s boss, Nathan, asked her if she could figure out how to get a list of unwarbled widgets from the widget information system (WIS). WIS was a legacy system written on DB/2 in 1986, the database schema had spiralled out of control, the UI, written in Turbo Pascal. The source code was lost long ago. Details of which widgets were the ones that were warbled, and which were not was hard to figure out.
She saw Cheuk Ting Ho speak at an online event about TerminusDB and how it could be used to aggregate, clean up, query, and export data, so she decided to give it a try. She cloned the QuickStart script on her Ubuntu Laptop, which already had git and docker, ran the server, and logged into the console. Using what she learned from Cheuk’s tutorial, she imported the widget data from a CSV export, and wrote queries to tidy the data and filter out the already warbled widgets. She then exported the data as a new CSV file, opened it in Excel, and saved it as an Excel file. Happy with the result, she emailed the spreadsheet to Nathan.
It was near the end of the day, and she was reading a blog about Prolog on Hackernoon, when Nathan emailed her back. “Sandra, this is Fantastic” wrote Nathan. “Come to my office at 9am tomorrow morning, I want to talk to you about a new project.” Sarah was so happy that Nathan was pleased with her work that she wasn’t even too upset that he seems to think her name is Sandra.
Venture Communist.


@* * This template is called from the `index` template. This template * handles the rendering of the page header and body tags. It takes * two arguments, a `String` for the title of the page and an `Html` * object to insert into the body of the page. *@ @import models.deliverypoint.DeliveryPoint @import models.book.Book @import utils.Pair @import models.user.LibraryUser @(deliveryPoints:List[DeliveryPoint], src:DeliveryPoint, dst:DeliveryPoint, instances:List[Pair[Book, Long]], book:Book, user:LibraryUser) @main("Transfers"){
| From this delivery point | To this delivery point | Select book |
|---|---|---|
| @if(src != null){ } |


Kelvynboy finally smokes the peace pipe with Wendy Shay and Bullet as they hug each other in church
by Nana YawGhanaian singer and Rufftown records signee, Wendy Shay and former Bhim Native, Kelvynboy have quashed their beef that erupted during the Shatta Wale-Stonebwoy peace conference.
The two singers got entangled in public fracas after the joint press conference held by Stonebwoy and Shatta Wale at Marriott Hotel in Accra on June 4, 2019, to squash their long-standing beef.
The humiliating incident occurred when Kelvynboy was invited to join the photoshoot immediately after the conference.
He tried to shake hands with Stonebwoy, Shatta Wale and Bullet but Kelvynboy rebuffed the “Uber” driver hitmaker when she attempted to hug him.
This caused the public to react and this started the beginning of another industry beef after one had ended. Shots were thrown from both camps with Bullet alleging that Kelvynboy snubbed his artist because of an award.
Well, the dust has finally settled as the ‘Uber Driver’ hitmaker together with her manager and Kelvynboy reconciled on Sunday, December 8 during Ghana Stands In Worship at the Charismatic Anointing Ministries International.
In a viral video, Kelvynboy, before he mounted the stage at the church to sing, gave Wendy Shay and Bullet a hug and a big smile to indicate that ait’s all love.
See the video below:


Texas man accused of carving name into girlfriend’s face
SAN ANTONIO — A Texas man is behind bars after police said he repeatedly punched his girlfriend, then used a knife to carve his name into her face.
According to the San Antonio Express-News and KABB-TV, police arrested Jackub Hildreth, 19, on a charge of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon Friday, one day after he attacked the woman during a dispute at a San Antonio apartment.
Authorities said Hildreth struck the woman’s face 10 times while clutching her neck, KABB reported. He also slashed his name onto her forehead, police said.
In addition to the aggravated assault charge, Hildreth also was wanted on previous charges of burglary and family violence, the Express-News reported.


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