| SETPGID(2) | Linux Programmer's Manual | SETPGID(2) |
int setpgid(pid_t pid, pid_t
pgid);
pid_t getpgid(pid_t pid);
pid_t getpgrp(void); /* POSIX.1 version */
pid_t getpgrp(pid_t
pid);
/* BSD version */
int setpgrp(void); /* System V version */
int setpgrp(pid_t pid, pid_t pgid);
/* BSD version */
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
getpgid():
setpgrp() (POSIX.1):
_XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 || /* Since glibc 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE || /* Glibc versions <= 2.19: */ _SVID_SOURCE
setpgrp() (BSD), getpgrp() (BSD):
[These are available only before glibc 2.19] _BSD_SOURCE && ! (_POSIX_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _GNU_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE)
setpgid() sets the PGID of the process specified by pid to pgid. If pid is zero, then the process ID of the calling process is used. If pgid is zero, then the PGID of the process specified by pid is made the same as its process ID. If setpgid() is used to move a process from one process group to another (as is done by some shells when creating pipelines), both process groups must be part of the same session (see setsid(2) and credentials(7)). In this case, the pgid specifies an existing process group to be joined and the session ID of that group must match the session ID of the joining process.
The POSIX.1 version of getpgrp(), which takes no arguments, returns the PGID of the calling process.
getpgid() returns the PGID of the process specified by pid. If pid is zero, the process ID of the calling process is used. (Retrieving the PGID of a process other than the caller is rarely necessary, and the POSIX.1 getpgrp() is preferred for that task.)
The System V-style setpgrp(), which takes no arguments, is equivalent to setpgid(0, 0).
The BSD-specific setpgrp() call, which takes arguments pid and pgid, is a wrapper function that calls
setpgid(pid, pgid)
Since glibc 2.19, the BSD-specific setpgrp() function is no longer exposed by <unistd.h>; calls should be replaced with the setpgid() call shown above.
The BSD-specific getpgrp() call, which takes a single pid argument, is a wrapper function that calls
getpgid(pid)
Since glibc 2.19, the BSD-specific getpgrp() function is no longer exposed by <unistd.h>; calls should be replaced with calls to the POSIX.1 getpgrp() which takes no arguments (if the intent is to obtain the caller's PGID), or with the getpgid() call shown above.
The POSIX.1 getpgrp() always returns the PGID of the caller.
getpgid(), and the BSD-specific getpgrp() return a process group on success. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.
POSIX.1-2001 also specifies getpgid() and the version of setpgrp() that takes no arguments. (POSIX.1-2008 marks this setpgrp() specification as obsolete.)
The version of getpgrp() with one argument and the version of setpgrp() that takes two arguments derive from 4.2BSD, and are not specified by POSIX.1.
Each process group is a member of a session and each process is a member of the session of which its process group is a member. (See credentials(7).)
A session can have a controlling terminal. At any time, one (and only one) of the process groups in the session can be the foreground process group for the terminal; the remaining process groups are in the background. If a signal is generated from the terminal (e.g., typing the interrupt key to generate SIGINT), that signal is sent to the foreground process group. (See termios(3) for a description of the characters that generate signals.) Only the foreground process group may read(2) from the terminal; if a background process group tries to read(2) from the terminal, then the group is sent a SIGTTIN signal, which suspends it. The tcgetpgrp(3) and tcsetpgrp(3) functions are used to get/set the foreground process group of the controlling terminal.
The setpgid() and getpgrp() calls are used by programs such as bash(1) to create process groups in order to implement shell job control.
If the termination of a process causes a process group to become orphaned, and if any member of the newly orphaned process group is stopped, then a SIGHUP signal followed by a SIGCONT signal will be sent to each process in the newly orphaned process group. An orphaned process group is one in which the parent of every member of process group is either itself also a member of the process group or is a member of a process group in a different session (see also credentials(7)).
| 2017-09-15 | Linux |


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Walsh_2008 |
Patients Would Prefer Ward to Emergency Department Boarding While Awaiting an Inpatient Bed |
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2008 |
2008-02-29 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7125793 |
17976825.0 |
10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.05.012 |
1oyl6clq |
0.959730 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020 |
Wai_A_2009, Wang_2020 |
| 2 |
Liu_K_2019 |
The impact of global budgeting in Taiwan on inpatients with unexplained fever |
Liu, Keh-Sen; Yu, Tsung-Fu; Wu, Hsing-Ju; Lin, Chun-Yi |
2019 |
2019-09-13 |
NONCOMM |
N |
PMC6750349 |
31517851.0 |
10.1097/md.0000000000017131 |
432t0q7w |
0.870519 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Lohr_2018 |
Chen_2006 |
| 3 |
Chu_D_2008 |
The impact of SARS on hospital performance |
Chu, Dachen; Chen, Ran-Chou; Ku, Chia-Yu; Chou, Pesus |
2008 |
2008-11-06 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC2613902 |
18990210.0 |
10.1186/1472-6963-8-228 |
4fyf8t6c |
0.867589 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Naga_2015, Yeh_S_2005, Ishizaki_2004 |
Chen_2006, Huang_2006 |
| 4 |
Kao_Y_2019 |
Association between continuity of care and emergency department visits and hospitalization in senior adults with asthma-COPD overlap |
Kao, Yu-Hsiang; Tseng, Tung-Sung; Ng, Yee-Yung; Wu, Shiao-Chi |
2019 |
2019-02-28 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7114593 |
30466799.0 |
10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.11.005 |
iwd0l05p |
0.867115 |
Laurens_2019, Lau_J_2004, Atkinson_2020 |
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| 5 |
Xu_M_2013 |
Delays in Service for Non-Emergent Patients Due to Arrival of Emergent Patients in the Emergency Department: A Case Study in Hong Kong |
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2013 |
2013-08-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7126712 |
23759699.0 |
10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.11.102 |
wi0fcdkp |
0.848820 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Oommen_2016, Amirov_2007, Lohr_2018 |
Wai_A_2009, Huang_2006 |
| 6 |
Huang_2006 |
Declining Emergency Department Visits and Costs During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Outbreak |
Huang, Hsien-Hao; Yen, David Hung-Tsang; Kao, Wei-Fong; Wang, Lee-Min; Huang, Chun-I; Lee, Chen-Hsen |
2006 |
2006-12-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7135596 |
16440068.0 |
10.1016/s0929-6646(09)60106-6 |
vxrwrzlj |
0.839069 |
Ishizaki_2004, Laurens_2019, Lau_J_2004 |
Jeong_2017 |
| 7 |
Tai_C_2007 |
Effects of ambient temperature on volume, specialty composition and triage levels of emergency department visits |
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2007 |
2007-09-01 |
PMC |
N |
PMC2464652 |
17711942.0 |
10.1136/emj.2006.045310 |
2swjegv1 |
0.818510 |
Ishizaki_2004, Laurens_2019, Yeh_S_2005 |
Wai_A_2009 |
| 8 |
Yeh_S_2005 |
Ambulatory care visits and quality of care: does the volume-control policy matter? |
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2005 |
2005-11-30 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7132455 |
16226143.0 |
10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.01.017 |
j6sa1ree |
0.804000 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020 |
Ishizaki_2004, Dudgeon_2008 |
| 9 |
Lee_H_2007 |
On-site influenza vaccination arrangements improved influenza vaccination rate of employees of a tertiary hospital in Singapore |
Lee, Heow Yong; Fong, Yuke Tien |
2007 |
2007-09-30 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7132716 |
17765562.0 |
10.1016/j.ajic.2006.10.007 |
38tajokl |
0.778901 |
Laurens_2019, Jeffery_2013, Atkinson_2020 |
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| 10 |
Chen_2006 |
Hospice utilization during the SARS outbreak in Taiwan |
Chen, Tzeng-Ji; Lin, Ming-Hwai; Chou, Li-Fang; Hwang, Shinn-Jang |
2006 |
2006-08-04 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC1559606 |
16889656.0 |
10.1186/1472-6963-6-94 |
qctdrbn3 |
0.759665 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020 |
Castro_2020 |
| 11 |
Wang_2009 |
The impact on neonatal mortality of shifting childbirth services among levels of hospitals: Taiwan's experience |
Wang, Shi-Yi; Hsu, Sylvia H; Chen, Li-Kuei |
2009 |
2009-06-08 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC2703635 |
19505330.0 |
10.1186/1472-6963-9-94 |
uniz8tuc |
0.737443 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020 |
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| 12 |
Lee_C_2005 |
The immediate effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic on childbirth in Taiwan |
Lee, Cheng-Hua; Huang, Nicole; Chang, Hong-Jen; Hsu, Yea-Jen; Wang, Mei-Chu; Chou, Yiing-Jenq |
2005 |
2005-04-04 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC1084353 |
15804368.0 |
10.1186/1471-2458-5-30 |
ztkjm79p |
0.676399 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Amirov_2007 |
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| 13 |
Chiu_2014 |
Changes in the prescription pattern of antipsychotics for schizophrenic outpatients after the implementation of a global budgeting program |
Chiu, Hsien-Jane; Chou, Po-Han; Loh, El-Wui; Lan, Tzuo-Yun; Wu, Bo-Jian; Chang, Yung-Yan; Liu, Shuen-Zen; Lan, Tsuo-Hung |
2014 |
2014-06-30 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7105039 |
24863739.0 |
10.1016/j.jcma.2014.03.004 |
phmfs9q2 |
0.668347 |
Laurens_2019, Yeh_S_2005 |
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| 14 |
Tokars_2009 |
Enhancing Time-Series Detection Algorithms for Automated Biosurveillance |
Tokars, Jerome I.; Burkom, Howard; Xing, Jian; English, Roseanne; Bloom, Steven; Cox, Kenneth; Pavlin, Julie A. |
2009 |
2009-04-23 |
PMC |
N |
PMC2671446 |
19331728.0 |
10.3201/1504.080616 |
5hwqdnx1 |
0.662634 |
Mwabu_2008, Laurens_2019, Amirov_2007 |
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| 15 |
Chen_2017 |
Costs of care at the end of life among elderly patients with chronic kidney disease: patterns and predictors in a nationwide cohort study |
Chen, Bradley; Fan, Victoria Y.; Chou, Yiing-Jenq; Kuo, Chin-Chi |
2017 |
2017-01-26 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC5267416 |
28122500.0 |
10.1186/s12882-017-0456-2 |
ufjbpzt6 |
0.658157 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Amirov_2007 |
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| 16 |
Ishizaki_2004 |
Estimation of the impact of providing outpatients with information about SARS infection control on their intention of outpatient visit |
Ishizaki, Tatsuro; Imanaka, Yuichi; Hirose, Masahiro; Hayashida, Kenshi; Kizu, Minoru; Inoue, Akihiro; Sugie, Susumu |
2004 |
2004-09-30 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7133832 |
15276309.0 |
10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.04.008 |
os1nf3cs |
0.642282 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Oommen_2016, Amirov_2007 |
Dawoud_2015 |
| 17 |
Buising_2008 |
Improving antibiotic prescribing for adults with community acquired pneumonia: Does a computerised decision support system achieve more than academic detailing alone? – a time series analysis |
Buising, Kirsty L; Thursky, Karin A; Black, James F; MacGregor, Lachlan; Street, Alan C; Kennedy, Marcus P; Brown, Graham V |
2008 |
2008-07-31 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC2527556 |
18667084.0 |
10.1186/1472-6947-8-35 |
hnu8gw6w |
0.615591 |
Amirov_2007, Atkinson_2020, Laurens_2019 |
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| 18 |
Chuang_2007 |
Impact of enhanced infection control procedures on clinical outcome following resuscitation attempts |
Chuang, H.-L.; Leung, W.-S.; Chung, Y.-T.; Chang, Y.-T.; Chen, W.-K. |
2007 |
2007-11-30 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7132438 |
17945388.0 |
10.1016/j.jhin.2007.08.015 |
kwi8zxo6 |
0.609425 |
Laurens_2019, Oommen_2016, Atkinson_2020, Ishizaki_2004, Yeh_S_2005 |
Wang_2020 |
| 19 |
Vlantis_2009 |
The Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome on Otorhinolaryngological Services at The Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong |
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2009 |
2009-01-03 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7165939 |
14710016.0 |
10.1097/00005537-200401000-00032 |
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0.589409 |
Laurens_2019, Naga_2015, Atkinson_2020, Oommen_2016 |
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Tzeng_2018 |
Segmented regression analysis of emergency departments patient visits from Septicemia in Taiwan |
Tzeng, I-Shiang; Chien, Kuo-Liong; Tu, Yu-Kang; Chen, Jau-Yuan; Ng, Chau Yee; Chien, Cheng-Yu; Chen, Jih-Chang; Chaou, Chung-Hsien; Yiang, Giou-Teng |
2018 |
2018-06-30 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7104157 |
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10.1016/j.hlpt.2018.01.010 |
ur7dhhjd |
0.560973 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020 |
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To_T_2010 |
Can an evidence-based guideline reminder card improve asthma management in the emergency department? |
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2010 |
2010-09-30 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7127167 |
20434896.0 |
10.1016/j.rmed.2010.03.028 |
fhrj5hi0 |
0.536808 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Lohr_2018 |
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| 22 |
Lu_T_2007 |
Impact of SARS on healthcare utilization by disease categories: Implications for delivery of healthcare services |
Lu, Tsung-Hsueh; Chou, Yiing-Jenq; Liou, Chien-Shian |
2007 |
2007-10-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7132456 |
17445942.0 |
10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.03.001 |
ff9vfrvc |
0.523178 |
Laurens_2019, Naga_2015, Atkinson_2020 |
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| 23 |
Dawoud_2015 |
Utilization of the Emergency Department and Predicting Factors Associated With Its Use at the Saudi Ministry of Health General Hospitals |
Dawoud, Sundus O.; Ahmad, Alaeddin Mohammad K.; Alsharqi, Omar Z.; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. |
2015 |
2015-04-15 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC4803979 |
26234993.0 |
10.5539/gjhs.v8n1p90 |
giqn206r |
0.519531 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020 |
Jeong_2017 |
| 24 |
Badawi_2020 |
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on severity of illness and resources required during intensive care in the greater New York City area |
Omar Badawi; Xinggang Liu; Iris Berman; Pamela J Amelung; Martin Doerfler; Saurabh Chandra |
2020 |
2020-04-14 |
BioRxiv |
Y |
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10.1101/2<IP_ADDRESS>58180 |
54auaa78 |
0.510710 |
Laurens_2019, Yeh_S_2005, Ishizaki_2004 |
Castro_2020 |
| 25 |
Lee_S_2017 |
The Effect of Having a Regular Doctor as a Primary Care Provider on Emergency Room Utilization in South Korea |
Lee, Su-Young; Lim, Hyeong-Seok |
2017 |
2017-11-14 |
NONCOMM |
N |
PMC5711649 |
29209470.0 |
10.4082/kjfm.2<IP_ADDRESS>2 |
03dy01zu |
0.507131 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Lohr_2018 |
Chen_2010, Dawoud_2015 |
| 26 |
Bradford_2004 |
Tales from the frontline: the colorectal battle against SARS |
Bradford, I. M. J. |
2004 |
2004-03-02 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7162287 |
15008911.0 |
10.1111/j.1462-8910.2004.00600.x |
rukq3oxt |
0.495482 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Naga_2015, Oommen_2016 |
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| 27 |
Lonergan_2020 |
Rapid Utilization of Telehealth in a Comprehensive Cancer Center as a Response to COVID-19 |
Peter E Lonergan; Samuel L Washington; Linda Branagan; Nathaniel Gleason; Raj S Pruthi; Peter R Carroll; Anobel Y Odisho |
2020 |
2020-04-15 |
BioRxiv |
Y |
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10.1101/2<IP_ADDRESS>61259 |
gil70fcj |
0.494818 |
Laurens_2019 |
Zhang_2020 |
| 28 |
Mercuri_2009 |
Insight into capacity planning for cardiac catheterization services: Policy lessons learned from “Looking in the Mirror” over a decade |
Mercuri, Mat; Natarajan, Madhu K.; Holder, Douglas H.; Xie, Changchun; Gafni, Amiram |
2009 |
2009-08-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7125619 |
19223088.0 |
10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.01.004 |
ete7ertb |
0.494198 |
Amirov_2007, Mwabu_2008 |
Damji_2005, Fowler_2015 |
| 29 |
Li_M_2007 |
Quality Improvement Through the Introduction of Interdisciplinary Geriatric Hemodialysis Rehabilitation Care |
Li, Marilyn; Porter, Eveline; Lam, Robert; Jassal, Sarbjit V. |
2007 |
2007-07-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7115717 |
17591528.0 |
10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.04.011 |
2f09fj1h |
0.483000 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Amirov_2007 |
Dudgeon_2008, Hunt_2020 |
| 30 |
Nasef_2010 |
Lessons from SARS: A retrospective study of outpatient care during an infectious disease outbreak |
Nasef, Nehad; O'Brien, Karel; Wylie, Lesley; Unger, Sharon |
2010 |
2010-07-20 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC2914048 |
20646293.0 |
10.1186/1471-2431-10-51 |
94c1mudi |
0.474475 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Lohr_2018, Ishizaki_2004 |
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| 31 |
Jeong_2017 |
Impact of Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak on the use of emergency medical resources in febrile patients |
Jeong, Hyunho; Jeong, Sikyoung; Oh, Juseok; Woo, Seon Hee; So, Byung Hak; Wee, Jeong Hee; Kim, Ji Hoon; Im, Ji Yong; Choi, Seung Pill; Park, Kyoungnam; Cho, Byul Nim Hee; Hong, Sungyoup |
2017 |
2017-06-30 |
NONCOMM |
N |
PMC5511955 |
28717779.0 |
10.15441/ceem.16.166 |
wwt9lj8s |
0.412307 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Naga_2015, Oommen_2016, Choi_2012 |
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| 32 |
Schwartz_2012 |
The Elderly Patient and the Intensive Care Unit |
Schwartz, Steven J.; Sieber, Frederick |
2012 |
2012-04-14 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7120603 |
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10.1007/978-1-4614-3888-5_12 |
sjq9ldo9 |
0.409967 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Rubinson_2005, Amirov_2007, Oommen_2016 |
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| 33 |
Wilson_2005 |
The potential impact of the next influenza pandemic on a national primary care medical workforce |
Wilson, Nick; Baker, Michael; Crampton, Peter; Mansoor, Osman |
2005 |
2005-08-11 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC1215505 |
16092972.0 |
10.1186/1478-4491-3-7 |
ltp7iv1z |
0.407712 |
Atkinson_2020, Amirov_2007 |
Fausto_2020, Rebmann_2007 |
| 34 |
Jeffery_2013 |
Impact of the 2009 Influenza (H1N1) Pandemic on the United States Military Health Care System |
Jeffery, Diana D.; Cohen, Martin; Brooks, Arnold; Linton, Andrea; Gromadzki, Richard; Hunter, Christine |
2013 |
2013-06-23 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7107573 |
23756072.0 |
10.7205/milmed-d-12-00345 |
miptf6od |
0.387510 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020 |
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Dudgeon_2008 |
Palliative Care Integration Project (PCIP) Quality Improvement Strategy Evaluation |
Dudgeon, Deborah J.; Knott, Christine; Eichholz, Mary; Gerlach, Jacqueline Lochhaas; Chapman, Cheryl; Viola, Raymond; Van Dijk, Janice; Preston, Sharon; Batchelor, Diane; Bartfay, Emma |
2008 |
2008-06-30 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7125855 |
18358693.0 |
10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.07.013 |
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0.373874 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020 |
Dudgeon_2009, Fausto_2020, Chen_2010 |
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Lau_J_2004 |
SARS in Three Categories of Hospital Workers, Hong Kong |
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2004 |
2004-08-23 |
PMC |
N |
PMC3320402 |
15496240.0 |
10.3201/eid1008.040041 |
1b4m9916 |
0.367140 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Lohr_2018, Oommen_2016 |
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Rogers_2004 |
Why can't I visit? The ethics of visitation restrictions – lessons learned from SARS |
Rogers, Sharon |
2004 |
2004-08-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC1065028 |
15469583.0 |
10.1186/cc2930 |
i4pmux28 |
0.366175 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Amirov_2007 |
Bernstein_2003 |
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Wai_A_2009 |
Analysis of trends in emergency department attendances, hospital admissions and medical staffing in a Hong Kong university hospital: 5-year study |
Wai, Abraham K. C.; Chor, C. M.; Lee, Allen T. C.; Sittambunka, Yuwares; Graham, Colin A.; Rainer, Timothy H. |
2009 |
2009-04-08 |
PMC |
N |
PMC2760706 |
20157463.0 |
10.1007/s12245-009-0098-7 |
txk5z8ub |
0.350466 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Amirov_2007 |
Xu_M_2013, Huang_2006 |
| 39 |
Luciani_2020 |
Teleurology in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic: Here to Stay? |
Luciani, Lorenzo Giuseppe; Mattevi, Daniele; Cai, Tommaso; Giusti, Guido; Proietti, Silvia; Malossini, Gianni |
2020 |
2020-04-13 |
PMC |
Y |
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10.1016/j.urology.2020.04.004 |
3qhpk5az |
0.314098 |
Laurens_2019, Lohr_2018, Ishizaki_2004 |
Mallick_2020 |
| 40 |
Cheng_2009 |
Medical waste production at hospitals and associated factors |
Cheng, Y.W.; Sung, F.C.; Yang, Y.; Lo, Y.H.; Chung, Y.T.; Li, K.-C. |
2009 |
2009-01-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7133359 |
18359619.0 |
10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.014 |
6e7bgtt5 |
0.306692 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020 |
Ruoyan_2010, Padmanabhan_2019, Hui_Z_2007 |
| 41 |
Mitera_2009 |
Radiotherapy for oncologic emergencies on weekends: examining reasons for treatment and patterns of practice at a Canadian cancer centre |
Mitera, G.; Swaminath, A.; Wong, S.; Goh, P.; Robson, S.; Sinclair, E.; Danjoux, C.; Chow, E. |
2009 |
2009-08-23 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC2722059 |
19672425.0 |
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b316muwc |
0.306277 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Lohr_2018, Amirov_2007 |
Thureau_2020 |
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Gilligan_2010 |
Impact of admission screening for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on the length of stay in an emergency department |
Gilligan, P.; Quirke, M.; Winder, S.; Humphreys, H. |
2010 |
2010-06-30 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7132503 |
20381911.0 |
10.1016/j.jhin.2010.01.019 |
s8j55hcu |
0.302481 |
Laurens_2019, Atkinson_2020, Oommen_2016, Amirov_2007, Ishizaki_2004 |
|


Sylvanian Families Polaris Polar Bear Family
UK Biography Information
Mother Barbara Polaris is a baker and makes delicious treats. She is well-known for her strawberry ice cream cakes and chocolate eclairs. When she isn't baking, she likes cooking delicious meals for the whole family. She has got a weakness for strawberry ice cream and loves to share it with little Beth in winter when it's cold outside and warm inside.
Father Peter Polaris is one of the best fishermen in town. He loves the sea and has spent a lot of his time studying it. He is always telling his family about his adventures on his boat and stories about faraway lands and oceans. He is easy to spot as he is always wearing his favourite scarf which Julia has knitted to keep him warm on his late night fishing expedtions.
Sister Julia Polaris is a gentle little girl who likes spending time at home knitting. She knits beautiful sweaters, gloves, and scarves for her friends and family which make them feel warm inside and out.
Baby Sister Beth Polaris is always eating, especially ice cream! She dreams of becoming an ice cream stand owner, just like Vincent and Violet Beauford. She likes snuggling in her bed with her favourite pink blanket that her big sister knitted for her and she treasures the vanilla white scarf her sister Julia knitted for her!


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SurrogateParser Class
Definition at line
375
of
Primitive.hpp
Constructors
SurrogateParser
()
Member Functions
void
Accept
(
Visitor
& visitor)
override
Match
Parse
(
Scanner
& scanner,
ObjectStack
& stack,
ParsingData
* parsingData)
override
Constructor Details
SurrogateParser Constructor
cmajor::parsing::SurrogateParser::SurrogateParser()
Definition at line
986
of
Primitive.cpp
:
986
:
Parser
(
U"surrogate"
,
U"surrogate"
)
987
{
988
}
Declaration at line
378
of
Primitive.hpp
Member Function Details
Accept Member Function
void
cmajor::parsing::SurrogateParser::Accept(
Visitor
& visitor)
override
Definition at line
1003
of
Primitive.cpp
:
1004
{
1005
visitor
.
Visit
(
*
this
)
;
1006
}
Declaration at line
380
of
Primitive.hpp
Base class overridden functions:
cmajor::parsing::ParsingObject::Accept
Calls:
cmajor::parsing::Visitor::Visit
Parse Member Function
Match
cmajor::parsing::SurrogateParser::Parse(
Scanner
& scanner,
ObjectStack
& stack,
ParsingData
* parsingData)
override
Definition at line
990
of
Primitive.cpp
Declaration at line
379
of
Primitive.hpp
Base class overridden functions:
cmajor::parsing::Parser::Parse
Calls:
cmajor::parsing::Match::Nothing
,
cmajor::parsing::Match::One
,
cmajor::parsing::Scanner::AtEnd
,
cmajor::parsing::Scanner::GetChar
,
cmajor::unicode::IsSurrogate
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sudo deluser username- Remove a user and their home directory:
sudo deluser --remove-home username- Remove a user and their home, but backup their files into a `.tar.gz` file in the specified directory:
sudo deluser --backup-to path/to/backup_directory --remove-home username- Remove a user, and all files owned by them:
sudo deluser --remove-all-files username


extundelete
Recover deleted files from ext3 or ext4 partitions by parsing the journal.
See also `date` for Unix time information and `umount` for unmounting partitions.
More information: home page
- Restore all deleted files inside partition N on device X:
sudo extundelete /dev/sdXN --restore-all
- Restore a file from a path relative to root (Do not start the path with `/`):
extundelete /dev/sdXN --restore-file path/to/file
- Restore a directory from a path relative to root (Do not start the path with `/`):
extundelete /dev/sdXN --restore-directory path/to/directory
- Restore all files deleted after January 1st, 2020 (in Unix time):
extundelete /dev/sdXN --restore-all --after<PHONE_NUMBER>


How To Run¶
Assign stack size by entering an integer value in stack size field and then press ‘Assign’ button. If this step is skipped then the simulator will automatically assume stack size as 64 memory words.
- Allocate the memory using Allocate memory block. The syntax for allocation is as follows:
a:17
b:3
In the above example, a and b are acting as variable name while 17 and 3 are the values stored in each respectively. After writing all the variables and values, click on ALLOCATE. You will notice that the simulator loads these values in memory starting from first memory address as seen from Memory block.
Write the code in Assembly code block and after writing, press LOAD PROGRAM button. At this point, it will be noticable that the Memory block will show instruction codes of written program. The simulator stores instruction codes in memory right after from stored values.
Now you can either click on STEP to fetch decode and execute one instrution at an instance or you can click RUN to run entire program at once.


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A place for general developer talk – for everyone! | Documentation https://developers.komodoplatform.com | MoreDev Docs - https://docs.komodoplatform.com | Mastering CryptoConditions - https://github.com/KomodoPlatform/Mastering_CryptoConditions
100 messages
Before 05-Dec-19 12:00 AM
dukeleto15-Aug-18 07:30 PM
it's not quite backward compatible, big surprise there
dukeleto15-Aug-18 08:33 PM
potential DoS via asking for unreasonable amounts of blocks
I couldn't find info, then I found a link to the wp
KomodoWorld17-Aug-18 07:20 PM
So it's a way to speed up block propagation, especially useful for coins that use big blocks. Kmd has less need for it
Regnar18-Aug-18 12:40 AM
Just a thought but considering Komodo has the same wallet addresses as AC, it might be a good idea to build an explorer that shows you full balances of all coins in an address. like when you look up an ETH address and it tells you the tokens that are stored in that address as well. This might also be a good feature for starting up Agama or BarterDEX (Start up by auto loading all coins with a balance). I think in the future we could see more AC startups and performing Airdrops, and its possible people don't realize they have these coins from the airdrops because they never heard of it, or just weren't paying attention, so they wouldn't activate the wallet.
I also understand that technically all these addresses would be using different blockchains which adds more complexity to it, but I'm not sure on how much more complex this would be to view AC addresses too.(edited)
Regnar18-Aug-18 01:01 AM
Oh awesome!
yea exactly what I was looking for. Idk how I didn't see this before lol
and look! I have JUMBLR
Thanks Webworker
1
bonedaddy18-Aug-18 01:17 AM
is the linux agama wallet fixed? haven't been able to get it running for months
every new binary never does anything
blackjok3r18-Aug-18 01:30 AM
@bonedaddy which Linux? I'm on arch and an update to glibc broke all electron apps I had to install a patch for it. Also try the portable version not the installer
bonedaddy18-Aug-18 01:31 AM
ubuntu 18.04, but i'll try again
isit possible to stake with ledgers without having to manually enter the mnemonic phrase?
blackjok3r18-Aug-18 01:33 AM
Not sure about ledger, I know thru don't set nlocktime so there is some special process there. Its not staking BTW its just free coins for sending transactions.
bonedaddy18-Aug-18 01:34 AM
haha yea it doesnt that was ticking me off for awhile until i figured it out. oh wat? i thought it was a DPoS type staking method(edited)
blackjok3r18-Aug-18 02:16 AM
no... The vote is held via an airdrop of a new blockchain. This year it was called VOTE2018 and was dropped 1:1 with KMD, then everyone sent the coins to the notary they vote for, top votes got notary spots.(edited)
Blockchair isn't what I was thinking, Atomic explorer definitely is, but Blockchair seems like a cool thing too
PTYX19-Aug-18 12:32 PM
Blockchair is a sup'd up eth explorer. Similar to tzscan.io. Looks cool.
bartwr19-Aug-18 01:21 PM
I'm trying to create an asset chain with 100% premined coins. People that mine blocks for this asset chain will get tx fees, but no mining reward.
It was easy to create a new asset chain using the following configuration:
./komodod -pubkey=<pubkey> -ac_name=<myCoin> -ac_supply=100000000 -ac_reward=0 -ac_end=0 -addnode=<ipOfNode> &
But there's still one problem I cannot solve: With this configuration miners still get 0.00010000 mining reward, and the total amount of coins is growing.
Q: How can I make an asset chain in which the total amount of coins does not increase over time / what am I missing here?
CHMEX19-Aug-18 01:24 PM
I believe 0.00010000 is the minimum it has to generate to make a block. If you don't want your supply to increase just send the extra generated coins to the burnadress
example: BEER was premined with 100m and how has 99'996'985 supply which indicated that 3015 BEER was burned
bartwr19-Aug-18 01:28 PM
How would this work? Everyone can be a miner. So every miner gets 0.00010000 for every mined block. How can I configure that extra generated coins go to the burn address automatically?
CHMEX19-Aug-18 01:29 PM
you as the dev of your chain keep a supply of x coins setup a cronjob thatsends the extra coins to the burnaddress
bartwr19-Aug-18 01:29 PM
Or is this a manual process, by the project team that created the coin?
CHMEX19-Aug-18 01:29 PM
yes 'manual'
that's the only way I think of you can control the supply maybe thereis a possibility to generate 0 block rewards blocks
bartwr19-Aug-18 01:30 PM
Ok Thank you very much for this. Is this the same configuration as the DEX coin has?
edit: Ah, I can see that is the case in ~/komodo/src/assetchains.old. So manual burns are common here as well.(edited)
CHMEX19-Aug-18 01:31 PM
DEX was issued with 1m coins and now has now 1'000'030 so 30 DEX where mined from on demand blocks(edited)
bartwr19-Aug-18 01:31 PM
Nice. Then this will be the configuration for my coin: ./komodod -pubkey=<pubkey> -ac_name=<myCoin> -ac_supply=100000000 -addnode=<ipOfNode> &
CHMEX19-Aug-18 01:32 PM
yes thats sounds like a standard chain like DEX SN etc
1
jl777c19-Aug-18 01:42 PM
the problem is ac_reward was 0
set ac_reward to non-0, otherwise it uses the default 0.0001 reward
and set the -ac_end to be 1
CHMEX19-Aug-18 01:43 PM
@bartwr ^ here is your solution
2
bartwr19-Aug-18 02:35 PM
I set -ac_end=1 and removed -ac_reward=x. This works: No default mining fee is given for miners that mine blocks. Perfect, thank you @jl777c@CHMEX . My final coin setup is:
./komodod -pubkey=<pubKey> -ac_name=<coinName> -ac_supply=100000000 -ac_end=1 -addnode=<IP> &
Works well!
kimmel (Pungo.io)20-Aug-18 04:41 PM
good afternoon, I was investigating on how to setup a burn address in komodo
(Following up to this question.)
In order to put a bitcoin beyond use, the answer was to select a made up address. As this isn't a formal destruction of bitcoins, there's a risk that the private k...
Produce a valid (but unspendable) address from your invalid public key
any ideas on this?
xRobeSx20-Aug-18 04:52 PM
I know there is a burn address being used already @kimmel (Pungo.io) , @CHMEX posted it the other day
CHMEX20-Aug-18 04:57 PM
RD6GgnrMpPaTSMn8vai6yiGA7mN4QGPVMY
@xRobeSx@kimmel (Pungo.io) above the burn address
14p5cGy5DZmtNMQwTQiytBvxMVuTmFMSyU
kimmel (Pungo.io)20-Aug-18 04:59 PM
I was more thinking on the way to proof a burn address is effectively a burn address in komodo
CHMEX20-Aug-18 04:59 PM
Thats the btc address with 4+btc
Its the address produced from the null priv key
To my knowledge the only way to produce a real burn address
xRobeSx20-Aug-18 05:01 PM
I wonder who burned 100 kmd
pbca2620-Aug-18 05:03 PM
you can use op_return as an alternative
CHMEX20-Aug-18 05:05 PM
#cc-general
jl777c Last Thursday at 3:16 PM
yes, that is the only way to burn assets
unless there is a bug. every satoshi for assets are supposed to be preserved
yes op_return makes it unspendable.
kimmel (Pungo.io)20-Aug-18 05:10 PM
mmm thanks, not sure I get the op_return application
Towards Fully Homomorphic Encryption in Smart Contracts
interesting development about full homomorphic encryption
too high level for me, but I found this part interesting:
"The difficulty is that smart contract privacy isn’t compatible with having one global shared state for all contracts and users like in Ethereum. Each user is only able to decrypt what is encrypted for them and FHE doesn’t support working with random access memory — one needs to pass all the state through a circuit. Thus, a practical implementation requires more diligent thinking than merely continuing to accelerate FHE (which we plan to continue doing)"
it sounds as if Kmd, with contracts in their own smartchains, is a better match
Mylo21-Aug-18 09:13 AM
@dukeleto how do i run those integration tests? have you got a gh issue with instructions for some initial CC stuff?
i wanna have a look at the easy RPC calls
like getinfo
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴21-Aug-18 12:50 PM
is there anyone here that's functionally familiar with using bitcoinjs-lib?
PYTHON_DEBUG and --tracerpc are optional, give you more details
the tests are failing right now, because of a change James made to protect against evil faucet leechers
patches welcome!
1
1
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴21-Aug-18 01:08 PM
How do you fully decode a tx hex (i.e., get the same JSON as from daemon) with bitcoinjs-lib?
more than just the buffers that Transaction.fromHex gives(edited)
Mylo21-Aug-18 01:09 PM
komodo-cli decoderawtransaction <hex>
komodo-cli help has all commands
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴21-Aug-18 01:10 PM
@Mylo I know how to do it from the daemon, I need to get the same result in nodejs
dukeleto21-Aug-18 01:10 PM
Hush-NG uses something similar, maybe it's not exactly bitcoinjs-lib, but all these libs works similarly. Just wrappers around existing RPC calls
komodo-rpc-lib - ES6 komodo platform rpc for use in gui or nodejs
dukeleto21-Aug-18 01:17 PM
One thing i had to do in the hush-ng codebase was try to make the RPC connection a singleton, only have 1 around at a time. It's easy to accidentally create multiple rpc objects that keep open multiple RPC connections and slows everything down
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴21-Aug-18 01:17 PM
currently most stratums use the blocktemplate to gather minimal data and "fake" the new cb tx from the ground up. I want to, instead, get the template and just substitute the proper info.
dukeleto21-Aug-18 01:17 PM
seems reasonable
remember, as James reminded me recently, RPC operations are single-threaded, so having more than 1 RPC connection open per application is a big waste
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴21-Aug-18 01:19 PM
yeah, that's why I wanted to use a lib, that way less calls


Given an array of ints named values, what does the following code do?
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) { values[i] = i * i; }
There are no hints for this question


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With over a decade of experience in Information Technology as a Systems Engineer in the Government and Financial industries. Avram is a multi-talented, highly motivated and proven technologist. Recently he has completed a certificate in Full Stack Web Development expanding his skills. Now armed with technologies such as JavaScript, React, MongoDB, Node and Express. He is ready to take on the budding tech industry in Tucson, AZ. Along with experience in administering Linux, Solaris and AIX servers, MySQL, Apache and PHP serving dozens of applications and thousands of users. He is passionate for cloud technologies and microservices with the ability to scale applications to meet the demands of customers and the companies that serve them.
Administer all networks, servers, and applications used at various locations throughout Tucson. Develop interfaces used in custom radiology reporting and scheduling tools running on a LAMP stack. Perform all systems administration tasks (backup/recovery, installation/configuration, monitoring, security), in addition to network maintenance and configuration (routers, switches, firewalls, VPN).
Administered all organizational content management systems and developed applications that interfaced with multiple systems. Created wide array of applications to automate departmental tasks. Performed all upgrades to various UNIX and Windows operating systems and applications. Completed kernel tuning, debugging, and optimizing, as well as patch management. Troubleshot problems related to networks, operating systems, and applications. Prevented system security breaches using various tools and techniques. Led projects acquiring new software and hardware. Managed database and system backups/disaster recovery. Reported systems discrepancies, alerting through automation and reporting.
Ensured optimal system performance and availability through high-quality UNIX system support and analysis and resolution of system issues. Installed and maintained Oracle database servers on AIX, Solaris and RHEL, Advantage HR, and financial systems (CGIAMS Advantage) as well as external and internal DNS, DHCP, and Web servers, including Apache, Tomcat and Websphere. Installed, configured, and monitored all Windows/UNIX backup systems to ensure data integrity. Troubleshot hardware and installed applications for quick resolution. Troubleshot TCP/IP-related problems and associated network protocols. Led projects acquiring new software and hardware.
Uses Passport, Google Maps, Handlebars to present a log in, then once authenticated it will display social events in a given area.
View ProjectAn application that will display the ten closest hikes within the radius of a given address.
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The Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) Study from the National Institute of Health's National Cancer Institute collected survey data on "psychosocial, generational (parent-adolescent), and environmental correlates of cancer-preventive behaviors." The form of this data is standard dyadic, meaning that each person is linked to one- and only one- other person in the sample with both having been measured on the same variables. I was introduced to this data by my professor during an intergroup relationship seminar. She knew about my interest in health disparities and thought I might want to analyze the data from this study. However, after finally seeing the data (which was split into 6 files and in the wrong format for dyadic analyses), we jointly decided the task of cleaning and preparing would be too extensive for the 4-credit psychology seminar.
After the course ended, my interest in the data persisted with a special interest in the challenge of wrangling it. Mostly, I knew that if I saw the cleaning as a challenge, others with less data experience would never have a chance to use the data. I decided to use a summer fellowship to create an online app that would allow users to choose variables and the format they need for their analyses. This way, I could increase the accessibility of the data and the scope of reproducible research.
I started with the basics- loading the data into R. It was not until that step that I determined the extent of cleaning necessary. First, the three datasets for the adolescent data included "T_" at the beginning of most variables, while the variables within the parent datasets started with "P_". In order to fix that, I used the substring function to get rid of the first two characters in the variable name string:
names(parent_diet)[8:110] <- substring(names(parent_diet)[8:110],2)
Many of the variable names were messier and some had to be individually changed using the rename function. Once the cleaning was complete, I joined the three parent datasets together then the three adolescent datasets.
parent_full <- parent_demog %>% full_join(parent_diet, by = "PID") %>% full_join(parent_pa, by = "PID") teen_full <- teen_demog %>% full_join(teen_diet, by = "PID") %>% full_join(teen_pa, by = "PID")
After full parent and teen datasets were created, I used the bind_rows function to stack the two. To complete the transformation from six datasets to one in "individual format", I created a binary variable that distinguished whether the row contained data from a parent or teen. Then, I arranged by "DYADID", which formatted the data to list the pair of one parent and one teen before moving to the next pair. Lastly, the individual identifier (instead of the dyad identifier) was removed in order to later format into dyad and pairwise form.
df_indiv <- df %>% mutate(distinguish = ifelse(distinguish == "P", 1, 2)) %>% arrange(DYADID) %>% select(-PID)
The next task was to move the data into dyad format. The desired result includes the data for both participants of the dyad contained in one row, with each dyad only recieving one row. Basically, the number of columns should double while the number of rows should be approximately 50% smaller.
df_dyad <- df_indiv %>% mutate(distinguish = ifelse(distinguish == 1, "P", "T")) %>% gather(variable, value, FOLFAMRUL:WT_P_BOTH_PA) %>% unite(var_distinguish, variable, distinguish) %>% spread(var_distinguish, value)
Finally, I formatted the data into the third form necessary for dyadic analyses, called pairwise. In this format, the goal is to give each individual a row but with their partner's data attached at the end. Compared to the dyad format, this dataset will contain the same number of columns but double the amount of rows. The logic behind the code below is first creating two dyad-format dataframes, one with the adolescent data as the first set of columns then another with the parent data as the first. Then, the rows of those two datasets are binded.
tempA <- df_indiv %>% mutate(distinguishE = distinguish, partnum = 1, distinguish = ifelse(distinguish == 1, "A", "P")) %>% gather(variable, value, FOLFAMRUL:distinguishE) %>% unite(var_distinguish, variable, distinguish) %>% spread(var_distinguish, value) tempB <- df_indiv %>% mutate(distinguishE = distinguish, partnum = 2, distinguish = ifelse(distinguish == 1, "P", "A")) %>% gather(variable, value, FOLFAMRUL:distinguishE) %>% unite(var_distinguish, variable, distinguish) %>% spread(var_distinguish, value) #This is the pairwise df df_pair <- bind_rows(tempA, tempB) %>% arrange(DYADID)
Writing the App
The above pieces of code were contained in an rscript that was sourced into the script for the app. The general idea behind the app is that a user can choose the format they want their data to be in then scroll through the variable names to choose the ones they desire. On the right side of the screen, they will see a glimpse of the data. Once they are satisfied, they can download the dataset as a CSV file.
Shiny scripts typically contain three components: the UI (user interface) object, the server function, and the call to the shinyApp function. Within the UI is where the layout is set. The layout includes multiple aspects including panels, headers, and images. Within the UI object is also where widgets are added, which are web elements that allows users to interact with the app. The server function allows for reactive output and each output entry contains one of Shiny's render functions. Examples include renderText, renderPlot, and renderUI. Shiny offers multiple simple examples within their gallery.
In my case, the main goal was to let users choose the data format they want/need. I used a widgets whose function is called selectInput, which took three arguments. First is the arbitrary name (in my case "dataset") to be used in the server function. The second part holds the string which will be displayed to the user: "Which format do you want your data in?". Finally are the choices of individual, dyad, and pairwise.
selectInput("dataset", "Which format do you want your data in?", choices = c("Individual", "Dyad", "Pairwise"))
Within the server function, I used a reactive function to switch the names of the choices because I wanted to display different strings than what the datasets are actually called within my code.
datasetInput <- reactive({ switch(input$dataset, "Individual" = df_indiv, "Dyad" = df_dyad, "Pairwise" = df_pair) })
Then, still in the server function, I could finally create a table output (not done with this reactive function above) of a head of the datasets that was chosen. You might look at the select function in the code below and wonder where the varInput() is coming from? We'll get there. The final argument, options= list(scrollX = TRUE)), adds a scroll bar to the table as more columns are chosen.
output$table <- renderDataTable({ datasetInput() %>% select(varInput()) }, options = list(scrollX = TRUE))
Within the UI, the table was added using a dataTableOutput function with the only argument being the string that was determined in the above server function ("table" in this case). Each ___Output function within the UI matches a render___ function from the server function. The simple code found in the UI is as follows:
.dataTableOutput("table")
An important feature I wanted to add to the app was to allow users to choose the specific variables found within the format they choose. For example, there are twice as many variables within the dyad and pairwise formats and I wanted those to be options for the users. Therefore, there needed to be a reactive statement within the app that would change the column names. To do so, I used render function called renderUI which initally includes the output of the reactive function shown above (when users chose the data format they desired). Then, the function adds a selectInput function, which is actually a widgit usually used within the UI object. By doing this, there can be a reactive column selection based on the chosen data format.
output$varControls <- renderUI({ whichone <- datasetInput() selectInput("vars", "Which variables do you want included?", choices = names(whichone), multiple = TRUE, selected = "DYADID") })
Similar to what was seen above with the table, only a small piece of code was necessary to actually add this variable selection to the app interface:
uiOutput("varControls")
The final piece of code was one additional reactive function within the server function. This function pulled out the variables from the selectInput widgit found within the renderUI function. This is what is used within the previous select function when displaying the table to the user.
varInput <- reactive({ input$vars })
When this code gets put all together, there are additional pieces of the UI that are strictly about formatting. Below is the entire UI object.
#Define UI ui <- fluidPage( # App title ---- titlePanel("Downloading FLASHE Data"), column(3, br(), # Input: Choose dataset ---- selectInput("dataset", "Which format do you want your data in?", choices = c("Individual", "Dyad", "Pairwise")), #Render UI in the server will display a selectInput() and let user choose variables #based on the format of data they uiOutput("varControls"), # Button downloadButton("downloadData", "Download")), column(9, br(), dataTableOutput("table")) )
I wanted the app to have a title panel then two columns below, with one taking up one-fourth (3/12) of the width of the screen. Within this area would be the widgits that allows users to choose the format and variables of their data. Then, in another column, which took up the remaining three-fourths of the width of the screen, would be the display of the table.
The code for the server function is much easier to follow, with each output or reactive piece stacked on each other:
server <- function(input, output) { # Reactive value for selected dataset ---- datasetInput <- reactive({ switch(input$dataset, "Individual" = df_indiv, "Dyad" = df_dyad, "Pairwise" = df_pair) }) # pulling out the vars chosen varInput <- reactive({ input$vars }) # Table of selected dataset ---- output$table <- renderDataTable({ datasetInput() %>% select(varInput()) }, options = list(scrollX = TRUE)) # selectInput() function allowing users to choose variables of selected df output$varControls <- renderUI({ whichone <- datasetInput() selectInput("vars", "Which variables do you want included?", choices = names(whichone), multiple = TRUE, selected = "DYADID") }) }
The final piece necessary to run the app would be a call to the shinyApp function!
# Run the app ---- shinyApp(ui = ui, server = server)
Be sure to check out my github repository to follow this project and see more advanced aspects of the app.


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 1
Preheat the oven to 200C/400F/Gas 6.
Place a frying pan over a medium heat. Once hot, place the duck breast skin-side down into the pan. Cook for five minutes, until the skin is browned and crisp.
Drain some of the fat released from the duck and then turn the breast over and cook for a further three minutes, until the flesh has browned and then transfer into the oven to roast for ten minutes, or until cooked through.
Using a 10cm/4in pastry cutter, cut out a pastry round. Brush the pastry round with the beaten egg and place onto a baking sheet. Place into the oven and bake for ten minutes, or until risen and golden.
For the sauce, place the oil into a pan over a medium to high heat. Add the mushrooms and shallots and sauté for three minutes.
Add the red wine, stock cube and butter and simmer until the sauce has thickened.
To serve, place the duck on a bed of wilted spinach, drizzle over the sauce and top with the puff pastry round.


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Website www.os2stl.co.uk
Git Hub Link: https://github.com/RobertABT/heightmapwebapp
Email me at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This service uses Ordance Survey's Terrain50 data
Website www.os2stl.co.uk
Git Hub Link: https://github.com/RobertABT/heightmapwebapp
Email me at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This service uses Ordance Survey's Terrain50 data


Wed Feb 28, 2007
When editing technical documents, how aware should you be of regional differences in pronunciation? Here is an interesting article on the subject by Brian Forte. Forte raises the following issue regarding the usage of an indefinite article with initialisms:
How do you pronounce an initialism like HTML?
I was taught English in public Australian schools of the 1970s. So I was taught aitch rather than haitch. Which means I pronounce ‘HTML’ with an initial vowel sound and I write ‘an HTML page.’
If I’d gone to a private Irish Catholic school, however, I would have been taught haitch and would, naturally enough, think ‘a HTML page’ is correct.
More generally, haitch is standard in Hiberno-English and is a way for disputing Protestant and Catholic Northern Irelanders to distinguish themselves from each other.
So, if I insist on ‘an HTML page’ I’m telling 4.5 million English speakers their way of writing and speaking is wrong, or non-standard at the very least. And I can’t reveal accent by writing ‘an ’TML page’ because it’s a technical document, not a novel.
Seriously though, how many Irish Catholics are going to tear up their Linux manuals in disgust after discovering a pernicious “an” embedded in the text? It’s nothing personal. Technical writers are just following a style guide. Some tech writers will go with “a html” because they look at the expanded form of the initialism. So “a Hypertext Markup Language Page” would be written as “a html”. Does that mean everybody who pronounces “h” as “‘aitch” (which is the majority of the English-speaking world) should label these writers as hate-mongering, prejudiced Irish Catholics?
It all comes down to schisms in pronunciation. Yet, in today’s globalized world, there isn’t much room to argue with the majority.


The next category of algorithms that we examine is used to modify and transform sequences without moving them from their original storage locations.
NOTE -- The example functions described in the following sections can be found in the file alg3.cpp.
A few of these routines, such as std::replace(), include a copy version as well as the original in-place transformation algorithms. For the others, should it be necessary to preserve the original, a copy of the sequence should be created before the transformations are applied. For example, the following code illustrates how one can place the reversal of one vector into another newly allocated vector:
std::vector<int> newVec(aVec.size()); std::copy(aVec.begin(), aVec.end(), newVec.begin());// first copy std::reverse(newVec.begin(), newVec.end()); // then reverse
Many of the algorithms described as sequence generating operations, such as std::transform() or std::partial_sum(), can also modify a value in place by simply using the same iterator as both input and output specification (see Section 13.7.1 and Section 13.7.2).
The algorithm std::reverse() reverses the elements in a sequence so that the last element becomes the new first, and the first element the new last. The arguments are assumed to be bidirectional iterators, and no value is returned.
namespace std { void reverse (BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator last); }
The example program illustrates two uses of this algorithm. In example 1, an array of character values is reversed. The algorithm std::reverse() can also be used with list values, as shown in example 2. In this example, a list is initialized with the values 2 to 11 in increasing order. (This is accomplished using the iotaGen function object introduced in Section <IP_ADDRESS>). The list is then reversed, which results in the list holding the values 11 to 2 in decreasing order. Note, however, that the list data structure also provides its own std::reverse() member function.
void reverse_example() // illustrates the use of the reverse algorithm // see alg3.cpp for complete source code { // example 1, reversing a string char *text = "Rats live on no evil star"; std::reverse(text, text + strlen(text)); std::cout << text << std::endl; // example 2, reversing a list std::list<int> iList; std::generate_n(std::inserter(iList, iList.begin()), 10, iotaGen(2)); std::reverse(iList.begin(), iList.end()); }
The algorithms std::replace() and std::replace_if() are used to replace occurrences of certain elements with a new value. For both algorithms, the new value is the same, no matter how many replacements are performed. Using the algorithm std::replace(), all occurrences of a particular test value are replaced with the new value. In the case of std::replace_if(), all elements that satisfy a predicate function are replaced by a new value. The iterator arguments must be forward iterators.
The algorithms std::replace_copy() and std::replace_copy_if() are similar to std::replace() and std::replace_if(), however, they leave the original sequence intact and place the revised values into a new sequence, which may be a different type.
namespace std { void replace(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T&, const T&); void replace_if(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Predicate, const T&); OutputIterator replace_copy(InputIterator, InputIterator, OutputIterator, const T&, const T&); OutputIterator replace_copy(InputIterator, InputIterator, OutputIterator, Predicate, const T&); }
In the example program, a vector is initially assigned the values 0 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 0. A call on std::replace() replaces the value 3 with the value 7, resulting in the vector 0 1 2 7 4 5 4 7 2 1 0. The invocation of std::replace_if() replaces all even numbers with the value 9, resulting in the vector 9 1 9 7 9 5 9 7 9 1 9.
void replace_example() // illustrates the use of the replace algorithm // see alg3.cpp for complete source code { // make vector 0 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 0 std::vector<int> numbers(11); for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) numbers[i] = i < 5 ? i : 10 - i; // replace 3 by 7 std::replace(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), 3, 7); // replace even numbers by 9 std::replace_if(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), isEven, 9); // illustrate copy versions of replace int aList[] = {2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 5}; int bList[6], cList[6], j; std::replace_copy(aList, aList+6, &bList[0], 2, 7); std::replace_copy_if(bList, bList+6, &cList[0], std::bind2nd(greater<int>(), 3), 8); }
The example program also illustrates the use of the std::replace_copy() algorithms. First, an array containing the values 2 1 4 3 2 5 is created. This is modified by replacing the 2 values with 7, resulting in the array 7 1 4 3 7 5. Next, all values larger than 3 are replaced with the value 8, resulting in the array values 8 1 8 3 8 8. In the latter case the std::bind2nd() adaptor is used to modify the binary greater-than function by binding the second argument to the constant value 3, thereby creating the unary function x > 3.
A rotation of a sequence divides the sequence into two sections and swaps the order of the sections, while maintaining the order of elements within each section. Suppose, for example, that we have the values 1 to 10 in sequence:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
If we were to rotate around the element 7, the values 7 to 10 would be moved to the beginning, while the elements 1 to 6 would be moved to the end. This would result in the following sequence:
7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6
When you invoke the algorithm std::rotate(), the starting point, midpoint, and past-the-end location are all denoted by forward iterators:
namespace std{ void rotate (ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator middle, ForwardIterator last); }
The prefix portion, the set of elements following the start and not including the midpoint, is swapped with the suffix, the set of elements between the midpoint and the past-the-end location. Note, as in the previous example, that these two segments need not be the same length.
void rotate_example() // illustrates the use of the rotate algorithm // see alg3.cpp for complete source code { // create the list 1 2 3 ... 10 std::list<int> iList; std::generate_n(std::inserter(iList, iList.begin()), 10, iotaGen(1)); // find the location of the seven std::list<int>::iterator& middle = std::find(iList.begin(), iList.end(), 7); // now rotate around that location std::rotate(iList.begin(), middle, iList.end()); // rotate again around the same location std::list<int> cList; std::rotate_copy(iList.begin(), middle, iList.end(), std::inserter(cList, cList.begin())); }
The example program first creates a list of the integers in order from 1 to 10. Next, the std::find() algorithm (Section 13.3.1) is used to find the location of the element 7. This is used as the midpoint for the rotation.
A second form of std::rotate() copies the elements into a new sequence, rather than rotating the values in place. This is also shown in the example program, which once again rotates around the middle position that now contains a 3. The resulting list is 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2. The values held in iList remain unchanged.
A partition is formed by moving all the elements that satisfy a predicate to one end of a sequence, and all the elements that fail to satisfy the predicate to the other end. Partitioning elements is a fundamental step in certain sorting algorithms, such as quicksort.
namespace std { BidirectionalIterator partition (BidirectionalIterator, BidirectionalIterator, Predicate); BidirectionalIterator stable_partition (BidirectionalIterator, BidirectionalIterator, Predicate); }
There are two forms of partition supported in the C++ Standard Library. The first, provided by the algorithm std::partition(), guarantees only that the elements are divided into two groups. The result value is an iterator that describes the final midpoint between the two groups; it is one past the end of the first group.
In the example program, the initial vector contains the values 1 to 10 in order. The partition moves the even elements to the front, and the odd elements to the end. This results in the vector holding the values 10 2 8 4 6 5 7 3 9 1, and the midpoint iterator pointing to the element 5.
void partition_example() // illustrates the use of the partition algorithm // see alg3.cpp for complete source code { // first make the vector 1 2 3 ... 10 std::vector<int> numbers(10); std::generate(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), iotaGen(1)); // now put the even values low, odd high std::vector<int>::iterator result = std::partition(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), isEven); std::cout << "middle location " << result - numbers.begin() << std::endl; // now do a stable partition std::generate(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), iotaGen(1)); std::stable_partition(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), isEven); }
The relative order of the elements within a partition in the resulting vector may not be the same as the values in the original vector. For example, the value 4 preceded the element 8 in the original, but may follow the element 8 in the result. A second version of partition, named std::stable_partition(), guarantees the ordering of the resulting values. For the input shown in the example, the stable partition would result in the sequence 2 4 6 8 10 1 3 5 7 9. The std::stable_partition() algorithm is slightly slower and uses more memory than the std::partition() algorithm, so when the order of elements is not important you should use std::partition().
While there is a unique std::stable_ partition() for any sequence, the std::partition() algorithm can return any number of values. For example, the following are all legal partitions of the sample problem:
2 4 6 8 10 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 5 7 9 3 1 2 6 4 8 10 3 5 7 9 1 6 4 2 10 8 5 3 7 9 1
A permutation is a rearrangement of values. If values such as integers, characters, or words can be compared against each other, then it is possible to systematically construct all permutations of a sequence. For example, there are two permutations of two values, six permutations of three values, and 24 permutations of four values.
The permutation generating algorithms have the following definition:
namespace std { bool next_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator last [, Compare ] ); bool prev_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator last [, Compare ] ); }
The second example in the sample program illustrates the same idea, using pointers to character arrays instead of integers. In this case, a different comparison function must be supplied, since the default operator would simply compare pointer addresses.
bool nameCompare (char *a, char *b) { return strcmp(a, b) <= 0; } void permutation_example() // illustrates the use of the next_permutation algorithm // see alg3.cpp for complete source code { // example 1 int start [] = { 1, 2, 3 }; do { std::copy(start, start + 3, ostrm_iter_type (std::cout, " ")); std::cout << std::endl; } while (std::next_permutation (start, start + 3)); // example 2 const char alpha[] = "Alpha"; const char beta[] = "Beta"; const char gamma[] = "Gamma"; const char* names[] = { alpha, beta, gamma }; typedef std::ostream_iterator<const char*, char, std::char_traits<char> > Iter; do { std::copy (names, names + 3, Iter (std::cout, " ")); std::cout << std::endl; } while (std::next_permutation (names, names + 3, nameCompare)); // example 3 char word[] = "bela"; do std::cout << word << ' '; while (std::prev_permutation (word, &word[4])); std::cout << std::endl; }
Example 3 in the sample program illustrates the use of the reverse permutation algorithm, which generates values in reverse sequence. This example also begins in the middle of a sequence, rather than at the beginning. The remaining permutations of the word bela are: beal, bale, bael, aleb, albe, aelb, aebl, able, and abel.
Permutations can also be ordered so that the smallest permutation lists values smallest to largest, and the largest sequence lists values largest to smallest. For example, consider the permutations of the integers 1 2 3. Taken in order, the six permutations of these values are:
123
132
213
231
312
321
Notice that in the first permutation the values are all ascending, while in the last permutation they are all descending.
A merge takes two ordered sequences and combines them into a single ordered sequence, interleaving elements from each collection as necessary to generate the new list. The inplace_merge() algorithm assumes a sequence is divided into two adjacent sections, each of which is ordered. The merge combines the two sections into one, moving elements as necessary. The alternative merge() algorithm (Section <IP_ADDRESS> and Section 14.5) can be used to merge two separate sequences into one.
The arguments to inplace_merge() must be bidirectional iterators.
namespace std { void inplace_merge (BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator middle, BidirectionalIterator last [, BinaryFunction ] ); }
The example program illustrates the use of the inplace_merge() algorithm with a vector and with a list. The sequence 0 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 is placed into a vector. A find() call (Section 13.3.1) is used to locate the beginning of the odd number sequence. The two calls on inplace_merge() then combine the two sequences into one.
void inplace_merge_example() // illustrate the use of the inplace_merge algorithm // see alg3.cpp for complete source code { // first generate the sequence 0 2 4 6 8 1 3 5 7 9 std::vector<int> numbers(10); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) numbers[i] = i < 5 ? 2 * i : 2 * (i - 5) + 1; // then find the middle location std::vector<int>::iterator midvec = std::find(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), 1); // copy them into a list std::list<int> numList; std::copy(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), std::inserter (numList, numList.begin())); std::list<int>::iterator midList = std::find(numList.begin(), numList.end, 1); // now merge the lists into one std::inplace_merge(numbers.begin(), midvec, numbers.end()); std::inplace_merge(numList.begin(), midList, numList.end()); }
The algorithm std::random_shuffle() randomly rearranges the elements in a sequence. Exactly n swaps are performed, where n represents the number of elements in the sequence. Of course, the results are unpredictable. Because the arguments must be random access iterators, this algorithm can only be used with vectors, deques, or ordinary pointers; it cannot be used with lists, sets, or maps.
namespace std { void random_shuffle(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last [, Generator ] ); }
An alternative version of the algorithm uses the optional third argument. This value must be a random number generator. This generator must take as an argument a positive value m and return a value between 0 and m-1. As with the std::generate() algorithm, this random number function can be any type of object that responds to the function invocation operator.
void random_shuffle_example() // illustrates the use of the random_shuffle algorithm // see alg3.cpp fr complete source code { // first make the vector containing 1 2 3 ... 10 std::vector<int> numbers; std::generate(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), iotaGen(1)); // then randomly shuffle the elements std::random_shuffle(numbers.begin(), numbers.end()); // do it again, with explicit random number generator struct RandomInteger { operator() (int m) { return rand() % m; } } random; std::random_shuffle(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), random); }


Crazy People (1990, R)
Directed by Tony Bill
Written by Mitch Markowitz
Starring Dudley Moore, Daryl Hannah, Paul Reiser, J.T. Walsh, and David Paymer
As Reviewed by James Brundage (MovieKritic2000)
Ah, the curse of an unorthodox sleep schedule. Yet again I find myself watching movies I barely remember being advertised at times of night (or, in this case, morning) that are highly strange. Griping about my combination of yuppie flu and insomnia (the latter both coming on at the worst time) aside, I found myself watching a movie this morning that I had not seen in years.
The movie, Crazy People, is one of those films for which the phrase "only in Hollywood" was coined.  Its stars slapped in: Dudley Morre (whom I affectionately nickname the British Warren Beatty), Daryl Hannah (at the end of the 80s, the decade she shared with Kim Basigner), Paul Reiser (before "Mad About You"), David Paymer (need I say more), and J.T. Walsh.
To sum the plot up, Emory (Moore) is committed after pitching numerous honest ad campaigns at his Madison Avenue firm. When the ads accidentally hit the press and become ungodly successful, Drucker (Walsh) makes the decision to pull Emory out of the nuthouse and put him back in the office.
One problem: Emory has fallen for Kathy (Hannah) and doesn't want to leave the sanitarium.
So, the other lunatics begin helping him design ads for which they are paid back in pens.
This, my friends, is where the movie takes a severe turn towards sucking.
As soon as the writer gets the chance, he takes the film away from its fairly good premise and brings it into the realm of being a soapbox from which to preach about the rights of the mentally ill for recognition and compensation. He makes Moore become an articulate spokesperson for this, which forms an extreme irony on two points. The first is that Dudley Moore is so drunk that you can barely understand him throughout the film, and thus isn't very articulate at all. The second is that the film is highly unfair to the mentally ill.
Before I step on my own soapbox and make the mistake that Crazy People did, I will say that the movie would have been more funny were it not exactly what advertising (and, oftentimes, Hollywood) is… a series of good lines. Although each ad slogan, such as "AT&T: We're tired of taking your crap", is howlingly funny, and each character is tossed a few nice lines, the movie as a whole has nothing beyond that. It seems to be an adman's movie. By admen, about admen.
Of course, being as highly Hollywood as Crazy People is, one can sit back, relax, and enjoy the movie. One cannot, however, expect any deviation from the norm other than a little more bravery to say what one wants.
Crazy People takes the standard road. It could have been great, or at least it could have been decent, but it failed.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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stk.molecular.fg_info module¶
Defines FGInfo
which describes functional groups.
Extending stk: Adding more functional groups.¶
If stk
is to incorporate a new functional group, a new
:class:FGInfo
instance should be added to
functional_groups
. This is a list
defined in this
module.
Adding a new FGInfo
instance to functional_groups
will
allow Topology.join_mols()
to connect the functional group to
all others during assembly. Nothing except adding this instance
should be necessary in order to incorporate new functional groups.
Note that when adding SMARTS, if you want to make a SMARTS that targets an atom in an environment, for example, a bromine connected to a carbon:
[$([Br][C])]
The atom you are targeting needs to be written first. The above SMARTS works but:
[$([C][Br])]
does not.
If a new functional group is to connect to another functional group
with a double bond during assembly, the names of the functional groups
should be added to double_bond_combs
. The order in
which they are placed in the tuple does not matter. Again, this is all
that needs to be done for stk
to create double bonds between given
functional groups.
-
class
stk.molecular.fg_info.
FGInfo
(name, fg_smarts, bonder_smarts, del_smarts)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Contains key information about functional groups.
The point of this class is to register which atoms of a functional group form bonds, and which are deleted during assembly of macromolecules.
-
name
¶ str
– The name of the functional group.
-
fg_smarts
¶ str
– A SMARTS string which matches the functional group.
-
bonder_smarts
¶ str
– A SMARTS string which matches the atom on the functional group which forms bonds during reactions.
-
del_smarts
¶ str
– A SMARTS string, which matches the atoms removed when the functional group reacts.
-
bonder_smarts
-
del_smarts
-
fg_smarts
-
name
-


title
url
link (a)
link (md)
link (scrapbox.io)
HatenaBlogCard(iframe)
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Chicken Mamboleo served with Rice
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Yes Salad
Total: $ 18.00
Order placed: 22 Apr 2018 at 1618hrs
Order delivered: 22 Apr 2018 at 1620hrs


The Freshwater Trust
Vegetation Monitoring Crew Leader - (2015-present)
Reporting to the Riparian Analyst, supports the revegetation and water quality trading programs, leading on-site monitoring of riparian restoration projects. Training and guiding the Field Monitoring Technician in vegetation monitoring and plant identification. Preparing, planning, and coordinating site visits. Assisting with data analysis and reporting. Conducting quality assurance/quality control.
- Conducted quantitative and qualitative assessment of revegetation projects throughout Oregon.
- Beta-tested an app developed to facilitate data collection.
SOLVE Oregon
Program Assistant - Vegetation Monitoring (2015-present)
Reporting to the Program Coordinator, supports Team Up and Stream Team programs, creating monitoring protocol and performance criteria for restoration projects. Conducting quantitative and qualitative assessments of wetland, riparian and upland forest restoration and site management. Integrating digital mapping into restoration project management and reporting, preparing site reports for major donors and project partners, and training staff on new protocols.
- Redeveloped vegetation and photo monitoring protocols, creating a site condition report template, used both internally and externally to more effectively and clearly convey site data.
- Implemented quantifiable and relative metrics (stems per acre, plant health, invasive species ground cover) into vegetation monitoring protocol, enabling SOLVE to accurately measure and compare restoration effort success.
- Mapped and measured all 20 current restoration sites, resulting in more accurate planning, management, reporting and resource tracking.
- Tools: Google Earth Pro, Google Docs, MS Office.
City of Gresham, Department of Environmental Services
Graduate Student Researcher (2013–2014)
Reported to the Water Sciences Program Manager, designed and conducted independent study of a developer’s ineffective proprietary stormwater management infrastructure on residential properties. Assessed compliance with environmental regulations.
- Highlighted limitations of sub-surface infiltration for stormwater management.
- Prepared and delivered performance and compliance (MS4, SWMP) reporting to DES.
- Presented research at the 12th annual Urban Ecology Research Consortium.
- Developer was forced to submit revised stormwater management plan.
- Tools: Onset HOBO Data Logger, MS Office, RStudio, ArcGIS.
Oregon State University, Institute for Natural Resources
Field Biologist (2013)
Reported to the Director of the Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, surveyed and assessed sage grouse habitat in remote locations throughout southeast Oregon, collected and maintained field data, and navigated and recorded location data.
- Surveyed 450+ locations over a 2.5 month field season.
- Tools: MS Access, ArcGIS, Garmin GPS.
OurEarth
Intern, Corporate Sponsorship Team (2011–2012)
Reported to the Founder and CEO, co-led two dozen interns in effort to win a Pepsi Refresh Project grant. Co-led corporate sponsorship outreach team. Helped build environmental education program database. Completed Six Domains Leadership Program.
- Successfully won $25,000 grant through the Pepsi Refresh Project.
- Raised $2000+ in sponsorship from corporate sponsors.
Portland State University
MEM, Environmental Management Magna Cum Laude
Washington University in St. Louis
BS, Environmental Studies


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jCrypt
This application encrypts and decrypts messages using OpenPGP.js.
To encrypt a message, enter the plaintext message and paste the recipient's public key.
To decrypt a message, paste the encrypted message and your private key.
Message
Public/Private Key
Private Key Password
Private Key Password


Zelensky, Putin discuss gas transit, return of Ukrainian boats' property
The Kremlin's press service confirmed that the meeting in the Normandy format was on the agenda of the phone call.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on November 25 held a phone conversation with his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin.
"The Head of State noted the importance of the recent return of the Ukrainian ships by Russia. At the same time, Volodymyr Zelensky stressed the need to return all weapons, equipment and documentation that had been aboard. The parties also touched upon the issue of gas negotiations in the trilateral Ukraine-Russia-EU format," the Ukrainian president's press service reported on November 25.
The press service did not report whether the two leaders had touched on Donbas and an upcoming Normandy summit.
Meanwhile, the Kremlin's press service confirmed that the meeting in the Normandy format was on the agenda of the phone call. "In view of the Normandy summit scheduled for December 9, 2019, in Paris, the telephone conversation between Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky took place on the Ukrainian side's initiative," it said.
It also confirmed the two presidents had touched on the return of three Ukrainian naval boats, as well as transit shipments of Russian natural gas via Ukraine after January 1, 2020, as well as direct gas supplies to Ukraine.
"It has been agreed to continue contacts at various levels," the Kremlin added.


Stephanie's Portfolio
This is my portfolio.
My name is Stephanie Opon. Sometimes, I code. I began learning how to program when I went to a two week camp for aspiring computer engineers only to realize that the I did not enjoy the hardware aspect computer engineering, but I thoroughly enjoyed the coding.
I currently live in San Antonio, Texas, but home is Accra, Ghana.
My favorite programming languages are Python and Scala, but I am proficient in C++, Haskell, and Java also. I also have experience using HTML, and CSS!
Here's my LinkedIn if you want to connect with me!
Take a look at my GitHub ! I have some cool (kinda) stuff on there!
Click here to learn a random fact about me :
Here's a page with pictures (some of me, some not of me) I like!


Defines | |
| #define | TMCL_CTL_STOP 128 |
| #define | TMCL_CTL_RUN 129 |
| #define | TMCL_CTL_STEP 130 |
| #define | TMCL_CTL_RST 131 |
| #define | TMCL_CTL_DLM_START 132 |
| #define | TMCL_CTL_DLM_QUIT 133 |
| #define | TMCL_CTL_READMEM 134 |
| #define | TMCL_CTL_STATUS 135 |
| #define | TMCL_CTL_FW_VER 136 |
| #define | TMCL_CTL_FACTORY 137 |
| #define | TMCL_CTL_ASCII 139 |
Commands for controlling the TMCL module.
| #define TMCL_CTL_ASCII 139 |
Enter ASCII mode
Definition at line 147 of file tmcldefs.h.
| #define TMCL_CTL_DLM_QUIT 133 |
Stop download mode
Definition at line 141 of file tmcldefs.h.
| #define TMCL_CTL_DLM_START 132 |
Start download mode
Definition at line 140 of file tmcldefs.h.
| #define TMCL_CTL_FACTORY 137 |
Restore factory settings
Definition at line 145 of file tmcldefs.h.
| #define TMCL_CTL_FW_VER 136 |
Get firmware version
Definition at line 144 of file tmcldefs.h.
| #define TMCL_CTL_READMEM 134 |
Read TMCL memory
Definition at line 142 of file tmcldefs.h.
| #define TMCL_CTL_RST 131 |
Reset application
Definition at line 139 of file tmcldefs.h.
| #define TMCL_CTL_RUN 129 |
Run application
Definition at line 137 of file tmcldefs.h.
| #define TMCL_CTL_STATUS 135 |
Get application status
Definition at line 143 of file tmcldefs.h.
| #define TMCL_CTL_STEP 130 |
Only exectute next command of application
Definition at line 138 of file tmcldefs.h.
| #define TMCL_CTL_STOP 128 |
Stop application
Definition at line 136 of file tmcldefs.h.


This Repository represents the practice of manipulating the DOM using recursion
This Repository also is a practice of manipulating the DOM but is following mouse events on every move of the mouse.
Shows all the bus stops from MIT to Harvard using mapBox API.


Member definition (::), assignment (=), and aliasing (=@) are all done by different flavors of the define operator. What makes them different is their ‘flags’: a set of binary properties such as: does this operator define new members? does it copy data? etc. In bytecode, all 8 flags are stored in a single word immediately following the define-operator bytecode word, just before the left- and right-hand arguments to the operator. This section is devoted to that single flags bytecode word.
To calculate a flags word for a set of flags, we treat each flag as a binary digit and read out the number in decimal. For example, the define operator has flags 1, 2, 3 and 5 set, so its flags bytecode word is
flag = (1 << 1 = 2) + (1 << 2 = 4) + (1 << 3 = 8) + (1 << 5 = 32)
= 46
(<< is the bit-shift operator). Table 3 summarizes the flags words for each Cicada operator. Clearly most of the 256 possible operators are not predefined in cicada.c.
Flag 0 -- equate:
copies data from the source variable into the destination variable. This is used by both the assignment = and define-equate := operators, but not the aliasing operators.
Flag 1 -- update-members:
causes the destination member to be updated to the type of the source variable (not the source member!). For example, suppose we write:
a :: *, b := 5
a = @b
c :: a
Member a has no type, but the variable it points to is an integer. Thus the member named ‘c’ will be defined as an integer, because the define operator sets the update-member flag.
Flag 2 -- add-members:
creates the looked-for member if it doesn’t already exist inside the current-running function. Set by all define operators, even :: @ which doesn’t assign a type to a new member but will create it.
Flag 3 -- new-target:
does two things. 1) Creates a new destination variable if none existed already (i.e. if the destination member was void), but it will not overwrite an existing variable. 2) This flag also updates (specializes) the type of the destination variable, regardless of whether or not it had just created that variable. The new type is the type of the source variable (not member), so it requires that the source member not be void.
The member-define operator (*::) sets the update-members flag, but not the new-target flag, so it operates only on members. On the other hand, the variable-define operator (@::) has its new-target flag set but the update-members flag clear, so it will specialize variable but not member types. It can however create new members since it sets the add-members flag. Plain old define (::) sets all three flags.
Flag 4 -- relink-target:
instructs Cicada to make the destination member an alias of the source variable. This flag is set by the equate-at and define-equate-at operators. The destination (left-hand) must be an entire variable, not certain indices of an array (i.e. a[*].b = @c is legal but a[<2, 3>] = @c is not).
In a sense, relink-target is the third of three pillars of the def-equate flags. Whereas post-equate copies data, and update-members and new-target copy code, the relink-target flag copies the target reference (which is something like a pointer) of the source member.
Flag 5 -- run-constructor:
causes the constructor of the destination variable to be run after it has been created/having its type updated, but before any data has been copied from the source variable. The constructor is the part of a script before the first code marker or semicolon. If the variable has several concatenated codes, the constructors of each code are run in order from first code to last. Primitive variables have no code, so they are unaffected by this flag.
The constructor-run is the 2nd-to-last operation performed by the def-equate operator, with the actual equate being the last. This is why we are able to copy composite variables in one step:
comp1 :: { ... }
comp2 := comp1
The new variable comp2 is defined to have the same code as comp1, so when its constructor runs it will grow the same set of members that comp1 has. Then the final equate should not have any problems, as long as we didn’t modify comp1 after defining it.
Flag 6 -- hidden-member:
sets the ‘hidden’ flag of any newly-defined member. Hidden members, which are created by bytecode adapters, can only be accessed by name (which is usually unwriteable). Array-index operators, assignment operations (=), comparisons (==), and built-in functions like print() all skip over hidden members.
Flag 7 -- unjammable:
makes a member unjammable, i.e. unable to prevent another member from being resized. Ordinarily, if two members alias overlapping indices of an array, neither one can resize the array since doing so would also affect the other member. However, if one member is defined as unjammable, then it cannot jam the other member: the second member can be resized and the first member, which now has the wrong number of indices, becomes ‘unjammed’ -- i.e., inoperable. An unjammed member has to be re-aliased before it can be used again without causing a void-member error.
Last update: July 25, 2021


This app is in demo mode so editing does not require authentication but edits are not saved. Page title is computed from first line of the following RST document. If the page is to be deprecated, setup a redirect to another page below. You can also edit this RST file on github and sync the app.
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