Democracy strives towards free, fair, and, consequently, secure elections, but what exactly do we need to accomplish to achieve that? Numerous issues surround this, from who can vote, who cannot vote, voters’ privacy, the accuracy of the vote, and the verifiability of the vote.
A major concern comes at registration. We want to ensure that everyone that is eligible to vote can vote. However, we also want to ensure that no one else can vote, and that these eligible voters may vote exactly once. Here, we balance between security and the effort on the part of the voter and the state that security requires. If registration is difficult, fewer eligible voters will bother. If security measures are expensive, few states will implement and maintain them. Too little security, and the election may be open to fraud. Read more about how to find this balance in Registration.
A similar concern comes in accessibility. Once voters are registered, they should be able to easily vote. Problems of this sort can come as a result of difficult-to-use or confusing voting machines, voting machines inaccessible to people with disabilities, and distant or overcrowded polling stations. To ensure fairness in access, we need well-designed voting machines usable by all at nearby polling stations with reasonable lines and up-to-date voting machines. Read more about this issue in Accessibility.
Maintaining voter privacy is also vital to a fair election. Not only should it be possible for a voter to conceal their vote, but it should be impossible for a voter to prove their vote. Without these restrictions, voters can be forced to reveal their vote and face consequences, opening them up to being coerced into a different vote. While forms of voting that take place outside of controlled polling stations, such as internet voting or mail voting, are inherently vulnerable to coercion, it is still important to take what steps we can to maintain privacy. In internet voting, cryptography is used; in person, ballots are unmarked. See one example of how to fix an internet voting privacy flaw in Cortier.
Now that we have all our eligible, interested voters ready to cast a private vote, we want to make sure that the records we maintain of votes are accurate and verifiable. For the traditional paper ballot, this means that we need to have a ballot with clear choices and then make sure that they are stored and counted by a trustworthy set of people. Since the copy is physical, we can just count them to verify. For electronic voting machines, we need a good user interface and a trustworthy program to count the votes. For verification, ideally the voting machine will produce a paper record to be used as before. Alternatively, it is possible to try to create two completely independent methods of digital storage, but this is generally more difficult. Keeping paper copies is the simplest method. Read more about verification in Recounts and Audits.
It can be difficult to find a balance between these oft-competing needs. How do we walk the line of security, cost, and access?


Given a binary tree, find out its maximum path sum.
A path should have at least one node and does not need to go through the root of the tree
Example, the tree given below the maximum path sum is 41 (11 + 8 + 10 + 12).
10
/ \
8 12
\
11
With any tree problem, it really helps to think recursively.
We can observe the following for any given node, maximum path sum through that node is maximum of the following values:
1. value of the node
2. sum of node + left subtree max path sum
3. sum of node + right subtree max path sum
4. sum of node + left subtree max path sum + right subtree max path sum
We can use this to implement the solution.


Chuck McCallum<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Addition and removal for the CS-121 reading list
I will argue that McCarthy's "Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part I" should be added to the list, and, with some reluctance, that Nauer's "Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60" could be removed. At a high level, comparisons across bibliographic databases suggest that Lisp has on on-going relevance that Algol does not. The case becomes stronger when we look at a few key ideas that McCarthy introduced, and latter papers that make particular reference to McCarthy's 1960 work.
Checking a citation index like Web of Science seems like a logical first step, and although the results are striking, I don't think they are a good representation of relative importance of these papers.
Since the 1980s, (McCarthy 1960) has averaged at or above 100 citations per year, while for (Backus 1959) there are scattered references, and none for (Nauer 1963). On the other hand, simply searching for "Fortran", "Lisp", and "Algol" in article titles might give us a totally different idea of which ideas have remained influential. (I limited the categories searched to CS because there were a number of astronomy papers about the start Algol, and I didn't want that to skew the results.)
Other databases can give us an idea of how these terms have shown up outside the journal literature. WorldCat began as a shared cataloging platform for libraries, and more recently has added an article index.
The WorldCat article title search results are roughly similar to Web of Science, though there is an earlier rise for "Fortran". I am not sure why this is: WorldCat's depth of coverage during certain intervals may simply be different, or the category filter in Web of Science might make the difference. On the other hand, the results for books are clear, and markedly different than those for articles. This suggests that while there was some early interest in Algol, and in the 1980s and 1990s a spike in interest in Lisp, Fortran has remained a foundational technology: Through the 1990s entire books focused on it, and while that has fallen off, it remains a focus in individual papers.
WorldCat also offers a language filter which might give us a sense of how interest in different technologies has varied geographically. All media are taken together here because of the smaller result counts. (These results should be viewed with caution: Even a cursory look at the details will reveal a number of items which seem to be incorrectly characterized. My sense is that if one paper in a larger collection is in a non-English language, or if the volume is published by a European organization, it might come up in the filtered results.) That said, we begin to get a sense that Algol was signficantly more important in continental Europe than elsewhere.
Widening the lens further, we can look at how "Fortran", "Algol", and "Lisp" are used across all the printed material which Google has indexed.
The French, German, and Italian corpora all show an early period of frequent use of the word "Algol": Until the later 1960s, it is more frequent than "Fortran". On the other hand, in American English "Algol" was always negligible. The trends in Spanish, likely dominated by Latin America, mirror American English, though the frequencies are an order of magnitude lower. British English is perhaps more similar to Continental Europe than it is to North America.
In all corpora except Italian, there is a spike beginning in the early 1980s. This is also when citations pick up in Web Of Science and in WorldCat. Steele (p262) sees the surge of interest in Lisp in the the 1980s as the intersection of several forces:
This has been digressive but I think the important parts are:
McCarthy later added footnotes to the original paper, which explain some of the major influences, as he sees it:
if ... then ... else
syntax was contributed by John Backus.Steel and Gabriel's history suggests we also look at a higher level: Lisp become a workbench where experiments in language design could be done. They make the analogy that what numbers are to Fortran, or bytes are to C, programs are to Lisp.
Graham, Paul. "What Made Lisp Different." http://www.paulgraham.com/diff.html
Steele, Guy L. and Richard P Gabriel. "The Evolution of Lisp", p. 233-308, in History of Programming Languages - II, ed. Thomas J. Bergin, Richard G. Gibson. ACM Press. 1996.
WorldCat: http://www.worldcat.org/
Google Books Ngram Viewer: https://books.google.com/ngrams
Web of Science: https://webofknowledge.com/
McCarthy, John. "Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part I". http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/recursive.ps


Adobe is bringing ‘Photoshop Camera’ to Android w/ AI editing at point of capture
by Ben SchoonThe cameras on our smartphones are just getting better and better, and now Adobe is hoping to help everyone take better shots. Today, the company has announced its new Photoshop Camera app for Android and iOS which can use AI to edit as you take the picture.
Coming in 2020, the Photoshop Camera app uses the company’s Sensei AI to recognize subjects and apply filters and edits in real-time. There are plenty of apps to apply filters to a photo on Android and iOS, but Photoshop Camera takes a different approach.
This app applies more “Photoshop Magic” to a picture by making dramatic edits that can even replace the background of an image on the fly. The app is launching widely in 2020, but some users will be able to use it early by signing up on Adobe’s website.
With Photoshop Camera you can capture, edit, and share stunning photos and moments – both natural and creative – using real-time Photoshop-grade magic right from the viewfinder, leaving you free to focus on storytelling with powerful tools and effects. Leveraging Adobe Sensei intelligence, the app can instantly recognize the subject in your photo and provide recommendations, and automatically apply sophisticated, unique features at the moment of capture (i.e. portraits, landscapes, selfies, food shots), while always preserving an original shot. It also understands the technical content (i.e. dynamic range, tonality, scene-type, face regions) of the photo and automatically applies complex adjustments.
More on Android:
- Google details ‘Biometric API’ for Android which enables Pixel 4’s face unlock
- WhatsApp for Android rolling out fingerprint lock support
- Adobe Premiere Rush CC launches on Android in 2019, YouTube-centric video editing app
FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More.


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Weapons of Math Destruction
Earlier this summer I got an email about reading groups for grad students hosted by the department of cell and molecular biology. Who wasn’t hungry for a reading group this summer? The first book I signed up to read was Weapons of Math Destruction by Cathy O’Neil. I recognized it because I had heard an NPR interview with the author on the radio. I actually listened to the audiobook because I wasn’t in Fort Collins and libraries were closed (COVID). It was a really engaging story - basically the whole book is composed of examples of “Weapons of Math Destruction”, or WMDs, a term that O’Neil coins in the first chapted to describe models that are important, opaque, and reinforce inequality.
The features of WMDs are highlighted through examples (so many examples!) of real algorithms that are in use every day. But O’Neil doesn’t just throw lots of examples of WMDs at us, she also describes models that have some negative aspects, but are not on the whole that harmful, and models that are sound uses of statistics. It’s complicated and forces you to confront how insidious these algorithms are.
Something that surprised me was her discussion of credit scores. I was all ready to jump on board against credit scores, but that wasn’t her conclusion in the book. This is not a WMD. The FICO model has a feedback loop, but it corrects itself rather than perpetuates inequality. If many people who are predicted to be risky borrowers pay on time, the model is updated to account for the new data and make better predictions. In addition, the model is fairly transparent - if you are trying to improve your credit score you can easily look up ways to do so. And credit scores are also regulated, so you have legal rights to see your score and know what goes into it.
In stark contrast are ubiquitous e-scores used by credit card companies, car dealerships, and advertising agencies that you probably have no idea exist. These scores are created by models that combine lots of seemingly disparate information about you and predict if you’re likely to buy their product. The problem is that the factors the model uses are proxies like zip code, which means that inequality created by racist zoning laws is perpetuated by an algorithm. Predatory for-profit college lead generation companies use algorithms that target people who are earnestly searching for oppurtunities at upward mobility - and make a fortune doing it.
Another outraging story was about scheduling software used by low-wage corporations like McDonald’s, Starbucks, and Walmart. They’re designed to optimize saving for the company, so they create ever-changing and erratic schedules that keep workers from qualifying for benefits. In 2014 the New York Times published an article profiling Jannette Navarro, a Starbucks employee and single mother trying to work her way through college. Her life was so dominated by her work schedule that she couldn’t make her classes consistently or plan for any sort of normal day-care schedule. After the story, legislators drafted a bill to regulate scheduling software but it went nowhere.
I’ll leave you with most shocking statistic I read, related to the insurance industry.
"In Florida, adults with clean driving records and poor credit scores paid an average of $1,552 more than the same drivers with excellent credit and a drunk driving convition.

In the discussion group one person said they were vaguely aware that things like this were happening, but didn’t know the extent or specific examples. It does get somewhat repetitive since the author really pounds the ideas into you with tons of examples, but that didn’t bother me. Another person asked that now that we’ve read the book, what can we do about it? We didn’t come up with a lot of answers - be aware and support policies that regulate them. Are there other actions that people can take to combat the proliferation of Weapons of Math Destruction?


Styled Web Components
Box
Box demo
Hello world
Flex box demo
Section 1
Section 2
Custom card component
Card Heading
User card
“Tailwind CSS is the only framework that I've seen scale
on large teams. It’s easy to customize, adapts to any design,
and the build size is tiny.”
Sarah Dayan
Staff Engineer, Algolia
Grid demo
A
B
C
D
E
F


Selected image:
Background color:
The image-as-particles component is based on the great work and code of Bruno Imbrizi and brought to Angular. A description and a tutorial how the effect can be created can be found on tympanus.
By the way. Do dog on the photo is my dog. 🐕 If you want to see more pictures him, let's have a look on the Instagram account (lenny_the_samoyed).
npm install three @angular/cdk
npm install ngx-acuw
{{importModule}}
{{directiveExample}}
| Name | Default value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| @Input() imageUrl: string | null | URL to the image |
| @Input() backgroundColor: string | #222222 | The background-color CSS property sets the background color of an element. |
| @Input() imageWidth: string | 100% | Width of the generated image in "px" or "%" |
| @Input() imageHeight: string | 100% | Height of the generated image in "px" or "%" |
| @Input() transitionDuration: number | 1000 | Duration of the transition effenct in ms |
| @Input() horizontalAlignment: string | center | Possible values: "start", "center", "end" |
| @Input() verticalAlignment: string | center | Possible values: "top", "center", "bottom" |
| @Input() animationEnabled: boolean | true | The animation can be stopped by setting the property to "false", e.g. if the element is not in viewport anymore. |


addDataSeq [-t {int,double}] [-r <m>] <infile> <outfile>
This generator takes a sequence of simple type <S> (Int, Double, String) in the sequence file format and creates a sequence of pairs of type <S><T>Pair by adding to each element a value of type <T>. The type <S> is determined from the input file and the type <T> is specified by the -t argument (int by default). The added values are generated uniformly at random. For doudble they are generated in the range [0,1) and for type int they are generated in the range [0:m), where m is specified by the -r argument (m = n by default).


Gathering stars deep he For above open morning fruit blessed, void. Sea seed fruit were don't, days man second. In day isn't own Whales also evening it together.
Created midst beast lights dominion he life fill very for their. Divide let kind created all she'd unto stars. And behold greater may in god image void cattle us days midst creepeth. Sixth also. Tree give it beast upon. Saying land in.
All. Seasons saying creepeth appear hath fruitful. Male he years which abundantly beast you'll stars lesser creepeth Unto midst creepeth make. Isn't air, unto light forth divide their days. Fish.


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SdFs
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exFAT file with Arduino Stream. More...
#include <ExFatFile.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| int | available () |
| uint64_t | available64 () |
| void | clearError () |
| void | clearWriteError () |
| bool | close () |
| uint64_t | curPosition () const |
| uint64_t | dataLength () |
| bool | exists (const ExChar_t *path) |
| void | fgetpos (fspos_t *pos) |
| int | fgets (char *str, int num, char *delim=nullptr) |
| uint64_t | fileSize () |
| void | flush () |
| void | fsetpos (fspos_t *pos) |
| uint8_t | getError () |
| size_t | getName (ExChar_t *name, size_t size) |
| bool | getWriteError () |
| bool | isContiguous () const |
| bool | isDir () const |
| bool | isDirectory () |
| bool | isFile () const |
| bool | isHidden () const |
| bool | isOpen () const |
| bool | isReadable () const |
| bool | isReadOnly () const |
| bool | isRoot () const |
| bool | isSubDir () const |
| bool | isWritable () const |
| void | ls (print_t *pr) |
| void | ls (print_t *pr, uint8_t flags, uint8_t indent=0) |
| bool | mkdir (ExFatFile *parent, const ExChar_t *path, bool pFlag=true) |
| int | mprintf (const char *fmt,...) |
| const char * | name () const |
| bool | open (ExFatFile *dirFile, const ExChar_t *path, uint8_t oflag) |
| bool | open (ExFatVolume *vol, const ExChar_t *path, int oflag) |
| bool | open (const ExChar_t *path, int oflag=O_READ) |
| bool | openNext (ExFatFile *dirFile, uint8_t oflag=O_READ) |
| ExFile | openNextFile (uint8_t mode=O_READ) |
| bool | openRoot (ExFatVolume *vol) |
| operator bool () | |
| int | peek () |
| uint64_t | position () |
| bool | preAllocate (uint64_t length) |
| size_t | printCreateDateTime (print_t *pr) |
| int | printf (const char *fmt,...) |
| int | printField (int16_t value, char term) |
| int | printField (uint16_t value, char term) |
| int | printField (int32_t value, char term) |
| int | printField (uint32_t value, char term) |
| size_t | printFileSize (print_t *pr) |
| size_t | printModifyDateTime (print_t *pr) |
| size_t | printName (print_t *pr) |
| int | read () |
| int | read (void *buf, size_t count) |
| bool | remove () |
| bool | remove (const ExChar_t *path) |
| bool | rename (const ExChar_t *newPath) |
| bool | rename (ExFatFile *dirFile, const ExChar_t *newPath) |
| void | rewind () |
| void | rewindDirectory () |
| bool | rmdir () |
| bool | seek (uint64_t pos) |
| bool | seekCur (int64_t offset) |
| bool | seekEnd (int64_t offset=0) |
| bool | seekSet (uint64_t pos) |
| uint64_t | size () |
| bool | sync () |
| bool | truncate () |
| bool | truncate (uint64_t length) |
| uint64_t | validLength () |
| size_t | write (uint8_t b) |
| int | write (const char *str) |
| size_t | write (const void *buf, size_t count) |
exFAT file with Arduino Stream.
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inlineinherited |
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inlineinherited |
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inlineinherited |
Clear all error bits.
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inlineinherited |
Set writeError to zero
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inherited |
Close a file and force cached data and directory information to be written to the storage device.
Copyright (c) 20011-2017 Bill Greiman This file is part of the SdFs library for SD memory cards.
MIT License
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
|
inlineinherited |
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inlineinherited |
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inlineinherited |
Test for the existence of a file in a directory
| [in] | path | Path of the file to be tested for. |
The calling instance must be an open directory file.
dirFile.exists("TOFIND.TXT") searches for "TOFIND.TXT" in the directory dirFile.
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inherited |
get position for streams
| [out] | pos | struct to receive position |
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inherited |
Get a string from a file.
fgets() reads bytes from a file into the array pointed to by str, until num - 1 bytes are read, or a delimiter is read and transferred to str, or end-of-file is encountered. The string is then terminated with a null byte.
fgets() deletes CR, '\r', from the string. This insures only a '\n' terminates the string for Windows text files which use CRLF for newline.
| [out] | str | Pointer to the array where the string is stored. |
| [in] | num | Maximum number of characters to be read (including the final null byte). Usually the length of the array str is used. |
| [in] | delim | Optional set of delimiters. The default is "\n". |
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inlineinherited |
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inlineinherited |
Ensure that any bytes written to the file are saved to the SD card.
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inherited |
set position for streams
| [out] | pos | struct with value for new position |
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inlineinherited |
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inherited |
Get a file's name followed by a zero byte.
| [out] | name | An array of characters for the file's name. |
| [in] | size | The size of the array in characters. |
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inlineinherited |
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inlineinherited |
|
inlineinherited |
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inlineinherited |
This function reports if the current file is a directory or not.
|
inlineinherited |
|
inlineinherited |
|
inlineinherited |
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inlineinherited |
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inlineinherited |
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inlineinherited |
|
inlineinherited |
|
inlineinherited |
|
inherited |
List directory contents.
| [in] | pr | Print stream for list. |
|
inherited |
List directory contents.
| [in] | pr | Print stream for list. |
| [in] | flags | The inclusive OR of |
LS_DATE - Print file modification date
LS_SIZE - Print file size.
LS_R - Recursive list of subdirectories.
| [in] | indent | Amount of space before file name. Used for recursive list to indicate subdirectory level. |
|
inherited |
Make a new directory.
| [in] | parent | An open directory file that will contain the new directory. |
| [in] | path | A path with a valid name for the new directory. |
| [in] | pFlag | Create missing parent directories if true. |
|
inherited |
Formatted print.
| [in] | fmt | format string. |
|
inlineinherited |
No longer implemented due to Long File Names.
Use getName(char* name, size_t size).
|
inherited |
Open a file or directory by name.
| [in] | dirFile | An open directory containing the file to be opened. |
| [in] | path | The path for a file to be opened. |
| [in] | oflag | Values for oflag are constructed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of flags from the following list |
O_READ - Open for reading.
O_RDONLY - Same as O_READ.
O_WRITE - Open for writing.
O_WRONLY - Same as O_WRITE.
O_RDWR - Open for reading and writing.
O_APPEND - If set, the file offset shall be set to the end of the file prior to each write.
O_AT_END - Set the initial position at the end of the file.
O_CREAT - If the file exists, this flag has no effect except as noted under O_EXCL below. Otherwise, the file shall be created
O_EXCL - If O_CREAT and O_EXCL are set, open() shall fail if the file exists.
O_TRUNC - If the file exists and is a regular file, and the file is successfully opened and is not read only, its length shall be truncated to 0.
WARNING: A given file must not be opened by more than one file object or file corruption may occur.
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inherited |
Open a file in the volume root directory.
| [in] | vol | Volume where the file is located. |
| [in] | path | with a valid name for a file to be opened. |
| [in] | oflag | bitwise-inclusive OR of open mode flags. See see open(ExFatFile*, const char*, uint8_t). |
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inherited |
Open a file in the current working directory.
| [in] | path | A path with a valid name for a file to be opened. |
| [in] | oflag | bitwise-inclusive OR of open mode flags. See see FatFile::open(FatFile*, const char*, uint8_t). |
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inherited |
Open the next file or subdirectory in a directory.
| [in] | dirFile | An open instance for the directory containing the file to be opened. |
| [in] | oflag | bitwise-inclusive OR of open mode flags. See see open(ExFatFile*, const char*, uint8_t). |
|
inline |
Opens the next file or folder in a directory.
| [in] | mode | open mode flags. |
|
inherited |
Open a volume's root directory.
| [in] | vol | The FAT volume containing the root directory to be opened. |
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inlineinherited |
The parenthesis operator.
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inlineinherited |
Return the next available byte without consuming it.
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inlineinherited |
|
inherited |
Allocate contiguous clusters to an empty file.
The file must be empty with no clusters allocated.
The file will have zero validLength and dataLength will equal the requested length.
| [in] | length | size of allocated space in bytes. |
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inherited |
Print a file's modify date and time
| [in] | pr | Print stream for output. |
|
inherited |
Formatted print.
| [in] | fmt | format string. |
|
inherited |
Print a number followed by a field terminator.
| [in] | value | The number to be printed. |
| [in] | term | The field terminator. Use '\n' for CR LF. |
|
inherited |
Print a number followed by a field terminator.
| [in] | value | The number to be printed. |
| [in] | term | The field terminator. Use '\n' for CR LF. |
|
inherited |
Print a number followed by a field terminator.
| [in] | value | The number to be printed. |
| [in] | term | The field terminator. Use '\n' for CR LF. |
|
inherited |
Print a number followed by a field terminator.
| [in] | value | The number to be printed. |
| [in] | term | The field terminator. Use '\n' for CR LF. |
|
inherited |
Print a file's size in bytes.
| [in] | pr | Prtin stream for the output. |
Copyright (c) 20011-2017 Bill Greiman This file is part of the SdFs library for SD memory cards.
MIT License
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
|
inherited |
Print a file's modify date and time
| [in] | pr | Print stream for output. |
|
inherited |
Print a file's name
| [in] | pr | Print stream for output. |
|
inlineinherited |
Read the next byte from a file.
|
inherited |
Read data from a file starting at the current position.
| [out] | buf | Pointer to the location that will receive the data. |
| [in] | count | Maximum number of bytes to read. |
|
inherited |
Remove a file.
The directory entry and all data for the file are deleted.
|
inherited |
Remove a file.
The directory entry and all data for the file are deleted.
| [in] | path | Path for the file to be removed. |
Example use: dirFile.remove(filenameToRemove);
|
inherited |
Rename a file or subdirectory.
| [in] | newPath | New path name for the file/directory. |
|
inherited |
Rename a file or subdirectory.
| [in] | dirFile | Directory for the new path. |
| [in] | newPath | New path name for the file/directory. |
|
inlineinherited |
Set the file's current position to zero.
|
inlineinherited |
Rewind a file if it is a directory
|
inherited |
Remove a directory file.
The directory file will be removed only if it is empty and is not the root directory. rmdir() follows DOS and Windows and ignores the read-only attribute for the directory.
|
inlineinherited |
Seek to a new position in the file, which must be between 0 and the size of the file (inclusive).
| [in] | pos | the new file position. |
|
inlineinherited |
Set the files position to current position + pos. See seekSet().
| [in] | offset | The new position in bytes from the current position. |
|
inlineinherited |
Set the files position to end-of-file + offset. See seekSet(). Can't be used for directory files since file size is not defined.
| [in] | offset | The new position in bytes from end-of-file. |
|
inherited |
Sets a file's position.
| [in] | pos | The new position in bytes from the beginning of the file. |
|
inlineinherited |
|
inherited |
The sync() call causes all modified data and directory fields to be written to the storage device.
|
inherited |
Truncate a file at the current file position.
|
inlineinherited |
Truncate a file to a specified length. The current file position will be set to end of file.
| [in] | length | The desired length for the file. |
|
inlineinherited |
|
inlineinherited |
Write a byte to a file. Required by the Arduino Print class.
| [in] | b | the byte to be written. Use getWriteError to check for errors. |
|
inlineinherited |
Write a string to a file. Used by the Arduino Print class.
| [in] | str | Pointer to the string. Use getWriteError to check for errors. |
|
inherited |
Write data to an open file.
| [in] | buf | Pointer to the location of the data to be written. |
| [in] | count | Number of bytes to write. |


All Classes Interface Summary Class Summary Enum Summary Exception Summary Annotation Types Summary
| Class |
Description |
| BasicBean |
Basic implementation of Bean intended for applications to subclass.
|
| BasicBeanBuilder<T extends Bean> |
Basic implementation of BeanBuilder that wraps a real bean.
|
| BasicImmutableBeanBuilder<T extends Bean> |
Basic implementation of BeanBuilder that wraps a MetaBean .
|
| BasicMetaBean |
Basic implementation of MetaBean .
|
| BasicMetaProperty<P> |
An abstract base meta-property.
|
| BasicProperty<P> |
A property that binds a Bean to a MetaProperty .
|
| BasicPropertyMap |
A standard map of properties.
|
| Bean |
A bean consisting of a set of properties.
|
| BeanAssert |
Assertion class to compare beans.
|
| BeanBuilder<T extends Bean> |
A builder for a bean, providing a safe way to create it.
|
| BeanCodeGen |
Code generator for the beans.
|
| BeanCodeGenException |
Exception thrown by the code generator.
|
| BeanDefinition |
Annotation defining a bean for code generation.
|
| BeanGenConfig |
Configuration for the code generator.
|
| BufferingBeanBuilder<T extends Bean> |
Implementation of BeanBuilder that buffers data in a local map.
|
| CollectSerIteratorFactory |
Factory used to create wrappers around collection-like objects.
|
| DefaultDeserializer |
Default deserializer that expects the input to match the current classpath beans.
|
| DerivedProperty |
Annotation defining a derived property accessor for code generation.
|
| DirectBean |
A bean implementation designed for use by the code generator.
|
| DirectBeanBuilder<T extends Bean> |
A builder implementation designed for use by the code generator.
|
| DirectFieldsBeanBuilder<T extends Bean> |
A builder implementation designed for use by the code generator.
|
| DirectMetaBean |
A meta-bean implementation designed for use by the code generator.
|
| DirectMetaProperty<P> |
A meta-property implementation designed for use by the code generator.
|
| DirectMetaPropertyMap |
A map of name to meta-property designed for use by the code generator.
|
| DirectPrivateBeanBuilder<T extends Bean> |
A builder implementation designed for use by the code generator.
|
| DynamicBean |
A dynamic bean that allows properties to be added and removed.
|
| DynamicMetaBean |
A dynamic meta-bean which works with DynamicBean .
|
| FlexiBean |
Implementation of a fully dynamic Bean .
|
| GuavaSerIteratorFactory |
Guava factory used to create wrappers around collection-like objects.
|
| ImmutableBean |
An immutable bean consisting of a set of properties.
|
| ImmutableConstructor |
Annotation defining which constructor is to be used to create the object
in for code generation of immutable beans.
|
| ImmutableDefaults |
Annotation defining which method is to be used to apply the default property values
when code generating immutable beans.
|
| ImmutablePreBuild |
Annotation defining a method that is to be called just before a code generated immutable bean is built.
|
| ImmutableValidator |
Annotation defining which method is to be used to validate the bean
when code generating immutable beans.
|
| JodaBeanBinReader |
Provides the ability for a Joda-Bean to read from binary formats.
|
| JodaBeanBinWriter |
Provides the ability for a Joda-Bean to be written to a binary format.
|
| JodaBeanJsonReader |
Provides the ability for a Joda-Bean to read from JSON.
|
| JodaBeanJsonWriter |
Provides the ability for a Joda-Bean to be written to JSON.
|
| JodaBeanMimeType |
Provides mime types for Joda-Beans.
|
| JodaBeanSer |
Provides the ability for a Joda-Bean to be serialized.
|
| JodaBeanSimpleJsonReader |
Provides the ability for a Joda-Bean to read from JSON.
|
| JodaBeanSimpleJsonWriter |
Provides the ability for a Joda-Bean to be written to a simple JSON format.
|
| JodaBeanSimpleMapReader |
Provides the ability for a Joda-Bean to read from a JSON-like in memory Map .
|
| JodaBeanSimpleMapWriter |
Provides the ability for a Joda-Bean to be written to a JSON-like in memory Map .
|
| JodaBeanSmartReader |
Determines the correct file format and parses it appropriately.
|
| JodaBeanTests |
A utility class to assist with testing beans.
|
| JodaBeanUtils |
A set of utilities to assist when working with beans and properties.
|
| JodaBeanXmlReader |
Provides the ability for a Joda-Bean to read from XML.
|
| JodaBeanXmlWriter |
Provides the ability for a Joda-Bean to be written to XML.
|
| LightMetaBean<T extends Bean> |
A meta-bean implementation that operates using method handles.
|
| MapBean |
Implementation of a fully dynamic Bean based on an exposed Map .
|
| MetaBean |
A meta-bean, defining those aspects of a bean which are not specific
to a particular instance, such as the type and set of meta-properties.
|
| MetaBeanProvider |
A provider of MetaBean instances for bean classes.
|
| MetaProperty<P> |
A meta-property, defining those aspects of a property which are not specific
to a particular bean, such as the property type and name.
|
| MetaProvider |
|
| MinimalMetaBean<T extends Bean> |
A meta-bean implementation designed for use by the code generator.
|
| Property<P> |
A property that is linked to a specific bean.
|
| PropertyDefinition |
Annotation defining a property for code generation.
|
| PropertyStyle |
An enumeration of property styles.
|
| ReflectiveMetaBean<T extends Bean> |
A meta-bean implementation that uses reflection.
|
| SerCategory |
Defines the type of the iterable.
|
| SerDeserializer |
Assists with deserialization allowing migration of data from an old data format to a new one.
|
| SerDeserializerProvider |
Provides access to deserializers.
|
| SerDeserializers |
Manages a map of deserializers that assist with data migration.
|
| SerIterable |
An abstraction over collections, lists, sets and maps.
|
| SerIterator |
An abstraction of collections, lists, sets and maps.
|
| SerIteratorFactory |
A factory used to create wrappers around collection-like objects.
|
| SerOptional |
Assists with serialization and deserialization of optional properties.
|
| SerTypeMapper |
Type mapper for Joda-Bean serialization, used by serialization implementations.
|
| StandaloneMetaProperty<P> |
A meta-property that exists separate from a bean.
|
| TypedMetaBean<T extends Bean> |
A meta-bean that captures the type of the bean.
|


Table of Contents
Previous: NEW FEATURES
BUGS
ftnchek still has much room for improvement.
Your feedback is appreciated. We want to know about any bugs you notice.
Bugs include not only cases in which ftnchek issues an error message
where no error exists, but also if ftnchek fails to issue a warning when
it ought to. Note, however, that ftnchek is not intended to catch all
syntax errors (see section on Limitations).
Also, it is not considered a bug for a variable to be
reported as used before set, if the reason is that the usage of the
variable occurs prior in the text to where the variable is set. For
instance, this could occur when a GOTO causes execution to loop backward
to some previously skipped statements. ftnchek does not analyze the
program flow, but assumes that statements occurring earlier in the text
are executed before the following ones.
We especially want to know if ftnchek crashes for any reason. It is
not supposed to crash, even on programs with syntax errors. Suggestions
are welcomed for additional features which you would find useful. Tell
us if any of ftnchek's
messages are incomprehensible. Comments on the
readability and accuracy of this document are also welcome.
You may also suggest support for additional extensions to the
Fortran language. These will be included only if it is felt that the
extensions are sufficiently widely accepted by compilers.
If you find a bug in ftnchek,
first consult the list of known bugs
below to see if it has already been reported. Also check the section
entitled ``Limitations and Extensions'' above for restrictions
that could be causing the problem. If you do not find the problem
documented in either place, then send a report including
- 1.
-
The operating system and CPU type on which ftnchek is running.
- 2.
-
The version of ftnchek and values of any environment options or
settings defined in startup file. (Capturing the output of ftnchek
-help is useful for this.)
- 3.
-
A brief description of the bug.
- 4.
-
If possible, a small sample program showing the bug.
The report should be sent to the following address:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Highest priority will be given to bugs which cause ftnchek to crash.
Certain problems that arise when checking large programs can be fixed
by increasing the sizes of the data areas in ftnchek. (These
problems are generally signaled by error messages beginning with ``Oops''.)
The simplest way to increase the table sizes is by
recompiling ftnchek with the LARGE_MACHINE macro name
defined. Consult the makefile and README file for the
method of doing this.
The following is a list of known bugs.
- 1.
-
Bug: Used-before-set message is suppressed for any variable which
is used as the loop index in an implied-do loop, even if it was in
fact used before being set in some earlier statement.
For example, consider J in the statement
-
WRITE(5,*) (A(J), J=1,10)
Here ftnchek parses the I/O expression,
A(J), where J is used, before it parses the implied loop
where J is set. Normally this would cause
ftnchek to report a spurious used-before-set warning for J.
Since this report is usually in error and occurs fairly commonly,
ftnchek suppresses the warning for J altogether.
Prognosis: A future version of ftnchek is planned which will handle
implied-do loops correctly.
- 2.
-
Bug: Variables used (not as arguments) in statement-function
subprograms do not have their usage status updated when the statement
function is invoked.
-
Prognosis: To be fixed in a future version of ftnchek.
- 3.
-
Bug: VAX version does not expand wildcards in filenames on the
command line if they are followed without space by an option, e.g.
ftnchek *.f/calltree would not expand the *.f.
This is because VMS-style options without intervening
space are not supported by the GNU shell_mung routine that is used
to expand wildcards.
-
Prognosis: unlikely to be fixed.
- 4.
-
Bug: checking for nonstandard format edit descriptors is done only in
FORMAT statements, not in character strings used as formats.
-
Prognosis: may be fixed someday.
Next: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


|
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| Packages that use ConfigurationException | |
| com.sun.jini.config | Defines convenience classes for writing configuration files and accessing Configuration entries. |
| com.sun.jini.example.browser | A visualization tool for exploring Jini(TM) Network Technology communities (djinns). |
| com.sun.jini.outrigger.logstore | |
| com.sun.jini.outrigger.snaplogstore | |
| com.sun.jini.thread | These are utility classes and interfaces for helping with tasks done in multiple threads. |
| net.jini.config | Provides a Configuration interface for obtaining
objects needed to configure applications, such as Exporter or ProxyPreparer
instances, or other application-specific objects, from configuration
files, databases, or other sources. |
| net.jini.discovery | These are utility classes and interfaces that conform to the discovery and join protocol defined in the Jini(TM) Discovery and Join Specification. |
| net.jini.lease | Standard service and utility classes for managing leases. |
| net.jini.lookup | Standard utility classes for managing the join state of a service and the service discovery duties of a client or service. |
| Uses of ConfigurationException in com.sun.jini.config |
| Methods in com.sun.jini.config that throw ConfigurationException | |
static Object |
Config.getNonNullEntry(Configuration config,
String component,
String name,
Class type)
Obtains a non- null object from the specified
Configuration using the specified arguments.
|
static Object |
Config.getNonNullEntry(Configuration config,
String component,
String name,
Class type,
Object defaultValue)
Obtains a non- null object from the specified
Configuration using the specified arguments.
|
static Object |
Config.getNonNullEntry(Configuration config,
String component,
String name,
Class type,
Object defaultValue,
Object data)
Obtains a non- null object from the specified
Configuration using the specified arguments.
|
static long |
Config.getLongEntry(Configuration config,
String component,
String name,
long defaultValue,
long min,
long max)
Obtains a long that falls within the given inclusive
range from the specified Configuration using the specified
component and entry names. |
static int |
Config.getIntEntry(Configuration config,
String component,
String name,
int defaultValue,
int min,
int max)
Obtains an int that falls within the given inclusive
range from the specified Configuration using the specified
component and entry names. |
static float |
Config.getFloatEntry(Configuration config,
String component,
String name,
float defaultValue,
float min,
float max)
Obtains a float that falls within the given inclusive
range from the specified Configuration using the specified
component and entry names. |
| Uses of ConfigurationException in com.sun.jini.example.browser |
| Constructors in com.sun.jini.example.browser that throw ConfigurationException | |
Browser(ActionListener exiter,
Configuration config)
Creates an instance with the given action listener for the Exit menu item and the given configuration. |
|
Browser(String[] args,
LifeCycle lc)
Creates an instance with the given command line arguments and life cycle callback. |
| Uses of ConfigurationException in com.sun.jini.outrigger.logstore |
| Constructors in com.sun.jini.outrigger.logstore that throw ConfigurationException | |
LogStore(Configuration config)
Create a new LogStore . |
| Uses of ConfigurationException in com.sun.jini.outrigger.snaplogstore |
| Constructors in com.sun.jini.outrigger.snaplogstore that throw ConfigurationException | |
LogStore(Configuration config)
Create a new LogStore . |
| Uses of ConfigurationException in com.sun.jini.thread |
| Constructors in com.sun.jini.thread that throw ConfigurationException | |
WakeupManager(WakeupManager.ThreadDesc desc,
Configuration config)
Create a new WakeupManager . |
| Uses of ConfigurationException in net.jini.config |
| Subclasses of ConfigurationException in net.jini.config | |
class |
ConfigurationNotFoundException
Thrown if a configuration source location specified when creating a Configuration is not found, including if null is
specified for provider options and the implementation does not provide
default options. |
class |
NoSuchEntryException
Thrown when an attempt to obtain an object from a Configuration does
not find a matching entry. |
| Methods in net.jini.config with parameters of type ConfigurationException | |
protected void |
ConfigurationFile.throwConfigurationException(ConfigurationException defaultException,
List errors)
Allows a subclass of ConfigurationFile to
control the ConfigurationException that is thrown. |
| Methods in net.jini.config that throw ConfigurationException | |
static Configuration |
ConfigurationProvider.getInstance(String[] options)
Creates and returns an instance of the configuration provider, using the specified options. |
static Configuration |
ConfigurationProvider.getInstance(String[] options,
ClassLoader cl)
Creates and returns an instance of the configuration provider, using the specified options and class loader. |
protected void |
ConfigurationFile.throwConfigurationException(ConfigurationException defaultException,
List errors)
Allows a subclass of ConfigurationFile to
control the ConfigurationException that is thrown. |
protected Object |
ConfigurationFile.getEntryInternal(String component,
String name,
Class type,
Object data)
Returns an object created using the information in the entry matching the specified component and name, and the specified data, for the requested type. |
Class |
ConfigurationFile.getEntryType(String component,
String name)
Returns the static type of the expression specified for the entry with the specified component and name. |
protected Class |
ConfigurationFile.getSpecialEntryType(String name)
Returns the type of the special entry with the specified name. |
protected Object |
ConfigurationFile.getSpecialEntry(String name)
Returns the value of the special entry with the specified name. |
Object |
AbstractConfiguration.getEntry(String component,
String name,
Class type)
Returns an object of the specified type created using the information in the entry matching the specified component and name, which must be found, and supplying no data. |
Object |
AbstractConfiguration.getEntry(String component,
String name,
Class type,
Object defaultValue)
Returns an object of the specified type created using the information in the entry matching the specified component and name, and supplying no data, returning the default value if no matching entry is found and the default value is not Configuration.NO_DEFAULT . |
Object |
AbstractConfiguration.getEntry(String component,
String name,
Class type,
Object defaultValue,
Object data)
Returns an object of the specified type created using the information in the entry matching the specified component and name, and using the specified data (unless it is Configuration.NO_DATA ), returning the default
value if no matching entry is found and the default value is not Configuration.NO_DEFAULT . |
protected abstract Object |
AbstractConfiguration.getEntryInternal(String component,
String name,
Class type,
Object data)
Returns an object created using the information in the entry matching the specified component and name, and the specified data, for the requested type. |
Object |
Configuration.getEntry(String component,
String name,
Class type)
Returns an object of the specified type created using the information in the entry matching the specified component and name, which must be found, and supplying no data. |
Object |
Configuration.getEntry(String component,
String name,
Class type,
Object defaultValue)
Returns an object of the specified type created using the information in the entry matching the specified component and name, and supplying no data, returning the default value if no matching entry is found and the default value is not Configuration.NO_DEFAULT . |
Object |
Configuration.getEntry(String component,
String name,
Class type,
Object defaultValue,
Object data)
Returns an object of the specified type created using the information in the entry matching the specified component and name, and using the specified data (unless it is Configuration.NO_DATA ), returning the default
value if no matching entry is found and the default value is not Configuration.NO_DEFAULT . |
| Constructors in net.jini.config that throw ConfigurationException | |
ConfigurationFile(String[] options)
Creates an instance containing the entries specified by the options, using the calling thread's context class loader for interpreting class names. |
|
ConfigurationFile(String[] options,
ClassLoader cl)
Creates an instance containing the entries specified by the options, using the specified class loader for interpreting class names. |
|
ConfigurationFile(Reader reader,
String[] options)
Creates an instance containing the entries parsed from the specified character stream and options, using the calling thread's context class loader for interpreting class names. |
|
ConfigurationFile(Reader reader,
String[] options,
ClassLoader cl)
Creates an instance containing the entries parsed from the specified character stream and options, using the specified class loader for interpreting class names. |
| Uses of ConfigurationException in net.jini.discovery |
| Constructors in net.jini.discovery that throw ConfigurationException | |
LookupLocatorDiscovery(LookupLocator[] locators,
Configuration config)
Constructs a new lookup locator discovery object, set to discover the given set of locators, and having the given Configuration .
|
|
LookupDiscovery(String[] groups,
Configuration config)
Constructs a new lookup discovery object, set to discover the given set of groups, and having the given Configuration .
|
|
LookupDiscoveryManager(String[] groups,
LookupLocator[] locators,
DiscoveryListener listener,
Configuration config)
Constructs an instance of this class, using the given Configuration , that will organize and manage all
discovery-related activities on behalf of the client or service
that instantiates this class.
|
| Uses of ConfigurationException in net.jini.lease |
| Constructors in net.jini.lease that throw ConfigurationException | |
LeaseRenewalManager(Configuration config)
Constructs an instance of this class that initially manages no leases and that uses config to control implementation-specific
details of the behavior of the instance created. |
| Uses of ConfigurationException in net.jini.lookup |
| Constructors in net.jini.lookup that throw ConfigurationException | |
JoinManager(Object serviceProxy,
Entry[] attrSets,
ServiceIDListener callback,
DiscoveryManagement discoveryMgr,
LeaseRenewalManager leaseMgr,
Configuration config)
Constructs an instance of this class, configured using the items retrieved through the given Configuration object,
that will register the given service reference with all discovered
lookup services and, through an event sent to the given
ServiceIDListener object, communicate the service ID
assigned by the first lookup service with which the service is
registered. |
|
JoinManager(Object serviceProxy,
Entry[] attrSets,
ServiceID serviceID,
DiscoveryManagement discoveryMgr,
LeaseRenewalManager leaseMgr,
Configuration config)
Constructs an instance of this class, configured using the items retrieved through the given Configuration , that will
register the service with all discovered lookup services, using the
supplied ServiceID . |
|
ServiceDiscoveryManager(DiscoveryManagement discoveryMgr,
LeaseRenewalManager leaseMgr,
Configuration config)
Constructs an instance of this class, which is configured using the items retrieved through the given Configuration , that
will, on behalf of the entity that constructs this class, discover and
manage a set of lookup services, as well as discover and manage sets
of services registered with those lookup services. |
|
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Large Pizza: $10.00
Tax: 8.25%
Customer 1: orders 5 large pizza's and pays a 10% delivery tip. Cost: $
Customer 2: orders 2 large pizza's and pays a 15% delivery tip. Cost: $
Customer 3: orders 10 large pizza's and pays a 0% delivery tip. Cost: $
Grand Total:


FriendlyId
FriendlyId is the "Swiss Army bulldozer" of slugging and permalink plugins for Ruby on Rails. It allows you to create pretty URLs and work with human-friendly strings as if they were numeric ids for Active Record models.
Using FriendlyId, it's easy to make your application use URLs like:
http://example.com/states/washington
instead of:
http://example.com/states/4323454
FriendlyId Features
FriendlyId offers many advanced features, including: slug history and versioning, i18n, Globalize support, scoped slugs, reserved words, and custom slug generators.
FriendlyId is compatible with Active Record 3.0 and higher.
Version 4.x
FriendlyId 4.x introduces many changes incompatible with 3.x. If you're upgrading, please read the docs to see what's new.
Docs
The docs for this version can always be found here.
The best place to start is with the Guide, which compiles the top-level RDocs into one outlined document.
You might also want to watch Ryan Bates's Railscast on FriendlyId.
Rails Quickstart
gem install friendly_id
rails new my_app
cd my_app
gem "friendly_id", "~> 4.0.10" # Note: You MUST use 4.0.9 or greater for Rails 3.2.10+
rails generate scaffold user name:string slug:string
# edit db/migrate/*_create_users.rb
add_index :users, :slug, unique: true
rake db:migrate
# edit app/models/user.rb
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
extend FriendlyId
friendly_id :name, use: :slugged
end
User.create! name: "Joe Schmoe"
rails server
GET http://localhost:3000/users/joe-schmoe
# If you're adding FriendlyId to an existing app and need
# to generate slugs for existing users, do this from the
# console, runner, or add a Rake task:
User.find_each(&:save)
Benchmarks
The latest benchmarks for FriendlyId are maintained here.
Bugs
Please report them on the Github issue tracker for this project.
If you have a bug to report, please include the following information:
- Version information for FriendlyId, Rails and Ruby.
- Full stack trace and error message (if you have them).
- Any snippets of relevant model, view or controller code that shows how you are using FriendlyId.
If you are able to, it helps even more if you can fork FriendlyId on Github, and add a test that reproduces the error you are experiencing.
For more info on how to report bugs, please see this article.
Thanks and Credits
FriendlyId was originally created by Norman Clarke and Adrian Mugnolo, with significant help early in its life by Emilio Tagua. I'm deeply grateful for the generous contributions over the years from many volunteers.
Part of the inspiration to rework FriendlyId came from Darcy Laycock's library Slugged, which he was inspired to create because of frustrations he experienced while using FriendlyId 3.x.
Many thanks to him for providing valid, real criticism while still being a cool about it. I definitely recommend you check out his library if for some reason FriendlyId doesn't do it for you.
Thanks also to Loren Segal and Nick Plante for YARD and the rubydoc.info website which FriendlyId uses for documentation.
Lastly, FriendlyId uses Travis for continuous integration. It's an excellent, free service created by a whole bunch of good people - if you're not already using it, you should be!
License
Copyright (c) 2008-2012 Norman Clarke and contributors, released under the MIT license.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


{% load static %}
SURROUND AI
LET'S LEARN AND PLAY
Age Detection
Detect the age from images
Lets Go!!!
Geometric Equations
Teach the machine various equations
Lets GO!!!
Addition
Teach the machine to do addition
Lets Add
Color Detection
.......
Lets GO!!!
...Future Implementation...
....???????....
View Demos
Subtraction
Teaching the Machine subtraction
Let Subtract
Age Detection
×
1:
2:
3:
Guess the age
Lets Check
{%if ageresult %}
The Machine Says...
{% endif %}
Geometric Eqautoins
×
1. Line Plotting
Lets Plot
2. Lets see if the point is inside/outside the circle
Lets Check
3. Lets see if the point is inside/outside the Square
Lets Check
{%if flagL %}
{{flagL}}
{% endif %} {%if flag %}
Your point is {{flag}}
{% endif %}
×
Addition
Whats your Answer:
Lets see what the machine does...
Lets ADD
{%if totaladd %}
What the Machine did...
The Sum is {{ totaladd }}
{{ rsltadd }}
{% endif %}
Color Detection
×
1:
2:
Lets Check
...Future Implementation...
×
...............
×
Subtraction
Whats your Answer:
Lets see what the machine does...

The Difference is {{ totalsub }}
{{ rsltsub }}
{% endif %}


--- layout: post title: Etsy date: 2006-08-25 00:00:00 category: interfaces-&-interaction ---
Etsy: "an online marketplace for buying and selling all things handmade. Etsy lets you shop by color, place, time and material."
Very cute.


|
Cyclone ISO C++ API Reference Guide
|
A StatusCondition object is a specific Condition that is associated with each Entity. More...
#include "StatusCondition.hpp"
Inherits dds::core::cond::Condition.
Public Member Functions | |
| StatusCondition (const dds::core::Entity &e) | |
| template<typename FUN > | |
| StatusCondition (const dds::core::Entity &e, const FUN &functor) | |
| template<typename FUN > | |
| StatusCondition (const dds::core::Entity &e, FUN &functor) | |
| void | dispatch () |
| const ::dds::core::status::StatusMask | enabled_statuses () const |
| void | enabled_statuses (const ::dds::core::status::StatusMask &status) const |
| const dds::core::Entity & | entity () const |
| template<typename Functor > | |
| void | handler (const Functor &func) |
| template<typename Functor > | |
| void | handler (Functor &func) |
| bool | is_nil () const |
| bool | operator!= (const null_type nil) const |
| template<typename R > | |
| bool | operator!= (const R &ref) const |
| DELEGATE * | operator-> () |
| const DELEGATE * | operator-> () const |
| bool | operator== (const null_type) const |
| template<typename R > | |
| bool | operator== (const R &ref) const |
| void | reset_handler () |
| bool | trigger_value () const |
A StatusCondition object is a specific Condition that is associated with each Entity.
Entity objects that have status attributes also have a StatusCondition, access is provided to the application by the get_statuscondition operation. The communication statuses whose changes can be communicated to the application depend on the Entity. The following table shows the relevant statuses for each Entity.
The inherited dds::core::cond::Condition::trigger_value() of the StatusCondition depends on the communication statuses of that Entity (e.g., missed deadline) and also depends on the value of the dds::core::status::StatusMask.
A StatusCondition can be attached to a WaitSet in order to allow an application to suspend until the trigger_value has become TRUE.
The trigger_value of a StatusCondition will be TRUE if one of the enabled StatusChangedFlags is set. That is, trigger_value==FALSE only if all the values of the StatusChangedFlags are FALSE.
The sensitivity of the StatusCondition to a particular communication status is controlled by the list of enabled_statuses set on the condition by means of dds::core::cond::StatusCondition::enabled_statuses(const ::dds::core::status::StatusMask& status) When the enabled_statuses are not changed by that operation, all statuses are enabled by default.
See the WaitSet examples for examples how to use this Condition.
Definition at line 82 of file StatusCondition.hpp.
| dds::core::cond::StatusCondition::StatusCondition | ( | const dds::core::Entity & | e | ) |
Create a dds::core::cond::StatusCondition associated with an Entity.
The StatusCondition can then be added to a dds::core::cond::WaitSet so that the application can wait for specific status changes that affect the Entity.
| e | The Entity to associate with the StatusCondition. |
| dds::core::Exception |
| dds::core::cond::StatusCondition::StatusCondition | ( | const dds::core::Entity & | e, |
| FUN & | functor | ||
| ) |
Create a dds::core::cond::StatusCondition associated with an Entity.
The StatusCondition can then be added to a dds::core::cond::WaitSet so that the application can wait for specific status changes that affect the Entity.
The supplied functor will be called when this StatusCondition is triggered and either the inherited dds::core::cond::Condition::dispatch() is called or the dds::core::cond::WaitSet::dispatch() on the WaitSet to which this StatusCondition is attached to.
| e | The Entity to associate with the StatusCondition. |
| functor | The functor to be called when the StatusCondition triggers. |
| dds::core::Exception |
| dds::core::cond::StatusCondition::StatusCondition | ( | const dds::core::Entity & | e, |
| const FUN & | functor | ||
| ) |
Create a dds::core::cond::StatusCondition associated with an Entity.
The StatusCondition can then be added to a dds::core::cond::WaitSet so that the application can wait for specific status changes that affect the Entity.
The supplied functor will be called when this StatusCondition is triggered and either the inherited dds::core::cond::Condition::dispatch() is called or the dds::core::cond::WaitSet::dispatch() on the WaitSet to which this StatusCondition is attached to.
| e | The Entity to associate with the StatusCondition. |
| functor | The functor to be called when the StatusCondition triggers. |
| dds::core::Exception |
|
inherited |
Dispatches the functor that have been registered with the Condition.
The Condition has to have been triggered for the functor will be called by this function.
| dds::core::Exception |
| const ::dds::core::status::StatusMask dds::core::cond::StatusCondition::enabled_statuses | ( | ) | const |
This operation returns the list of enabled communication statuses of the StatusCondition.
The inherited dds::core::cond::Condition::trigger_value() of the StatusCondition depends on the communication status of that Entity (e.g., missed deadline, loss of information, etc.), ‘filtered’ by the set of enabled_statuses on the StatusCondition.
This operation returns the list of communication statuses that are taken into account to determine the trigger_value of the StatusCondition. This operation returns the statuses that were explicitly set on the last call to dds::core::cond::StatusCondition::enabled_statuses(const ::dds::core::status::StatusMask& status) const or, if enabled_statuses(status) was never called, the default list.
The result value is a bit mask in which each bit shows which value has changed. The relevant bits represent one of the following statuses:
Each status bit is declared as a constant and can be used in an AND operation to check the status bit against the result of type StatusMask. Not all statuses are relevant to all Entity objects. See the respective Listener interfaces for each Entity for more information.
| dds::core::Exception |
| void dds::core::cond::StatusCondition::enabled_statuses | ( | const ::dds::core::status::StatusMask & | status | ) | const |
This operation sets the list of communication statuses that are taken into account to determine the trigger_value of the StatusCondition.
The inherited dds::core::cond::Condition::trigger_value() of the StatusCondition depends on the communication status of that Entity (e.g., missed deadline, loss of information, etc.), ‘filtered’ by the set of enabled_statuses on the StatusCondition.
This operation sets the list of communication statuses that are taken into account to determine the trigger_value of the StatusCondition. This operation may change the trigger_value of the StatusCondition.
dds::core::cond::WaitSet objects behaviour depend on the changes of the trigger_value of their attached Conditions. Therefore, any WaitSet to which the StatusCondition is attached is potentially affected by this operation. If this function is not invoked, the default list of enabled_statuses includes all the statuses.
The result value is a bit mask in which each bit shows which value has changed. The relevant bits represent one of the following statuses:
Each status bit is declared as a constant and can be used in an AND operation to check the status bit against the result of type StatusMask. Not all statuses are relevant to all Entity objects. See the respective Listener interfaces for each Entity for more information.
| status | A bit mask in which each bit sets the status which is taken into account for the StatusCondition.the enabled statuses. |
| dds::core::AlreadyClosedError | |
| dds::core::Error |
| const dds::core::Entity& dds::core::cond::StatusCondition::entity | ( | ) | const |
This operation returns the Entity associated with the StatusCondition
Note that there is exactly one Entity associated with each StatusCondition.
| dds::core::AlreadyClosedError |
|
inherited |
Registers a functor as custom handler with this Condition.
The supplied functor will be called when this Condition is triggered and either the dds::core::cond::Condition::dispatch() is called or the dds::core::cond::WaitSet::dispatch() on the WaitSet to which this Condition is attached to.
| Functor | The functor to be called when the StatusCondition triggers. |
| dds::core::Exception |
|
inherited |
Registers a functor as custom handler with this Condition.
The supplied functor will be called when this Condition is triggered and either the dds::core::cond::Condition::dispatch() is called or the dds::core::cond::WaitSet::dispatch() on the WaitSet to which this Condition is attached to.
| Functor | The functor to be called when the StatusCondition triggers. |
| dds::core::Exception |
|
inherited |
Check if the referenced object is nil.
In other words, check if the reference is pointing to a null object.
|
inherited |
Special operator!= used to check if this reference object does not equal the dds::core::null reference.
The non-null-check can be done like this:
|
inherited |
|
inherited |
The operator->() is provided to be able to directly invoke functions on the delegate.
The decision to provide direct access to the delegate was motivated by the need for providing a way that was not invasive with respect to the CXXDDS API and yet would allow for vendor-specific extension. Thus vendor-specific extensions can be invoked on the Reference and on all its subclasses as follows:
|
inherited |
The operator->() is provided to be able to directly invoke functions on the delegate.
The decision to provide direct access to the delegate was motivated by the need for providing a way that was not invasive with respect to the CXXDDS API and yet would allow for vendor-specific extension. Thus vendor-specific extensions can be invoked on the Reference and on all its subclasses as follows:
|
inherited |
Special operator== used to check if this reference object equals the dds::core::null reference.
The null-check can be done like this:
|
inherited |
|
inherited |
Resets the handler for this Condition.
After the invocation of this function no handler will be registered with this Condition.
| dds::core::Exception |
|
inherited |
This operation retrieves the trigger_value of the Condition.
A Condition has a trigger_value that can be TRUE or FALSE and is set by the Data Distribution Service (except a GuardCondition). This operation returns the trigger_value of the Condition.
| dds::core::Exception |


Oculus Black Friday 2019: Rift, Quest and Go deals live now
Everything you need to pick up a discounted Oculus HMD this Black Friday
by Richard EastonBlack Friday is practically here and we've seen big bargains on smartwatches and fitness trackers – but Oculus VR headsets are right up there on that list, too. Lots of Oculus Black Friday deals have begun to appear ahead of the big day itself.
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So far, we've seen some early Black Friday deals that are some of the best we've seen all year. Lenovo released an early Black Friday deal where when you use promo code LENOVO8 it'll drop the price on the Rift S to $379.
On the Quest front, Oculus announced it'll be offering the new Star Wars: Vader Immortal $10 an episode series for free with purchase of an Oculus Quest starting November 21st at 9 a.m. through January.
We'll be using this page to deliver you the best Oculus Black Friday deals during the big event, so be sure to check back regularly as deals appear at a moment's notice.
Oculus Rift and Rift S Black Friday deals
Amazon's Early Black Friday deals have already kicked off in the UK. Right now, you can save £50 on the Oculus Rift S, bringing it down to £349. This is the first time the new Oculus Rift S has been discounted by Amazon, bringing it down to its lowest price yet.
|
|
Amazon UK: Oculus Rift S - Save £50 | Buy Now £349 |
You'll have to wait a little longer for Oculus Rift S deals in the US. Lenovo has revealed an Oculus Rift S discount for Black Friday in its ad. It will be dropping the Oculus Rift S to $349, which is in line with our predictions. It throws the gauntlet down to other retailers, so fingers crossed others will look to beat this price.
Advancements to the Oculus Quest might make shifting the Rift S more likely, too, as Oculus seemed to put a strong focus on the newer Quest headset at its recent event as you'll see below.
Oculus Go Black Friday deals
The cheapest option in the Oculus range, the Go is another wire-free headset but geared more towards media consumption than gaming (pick up a Quest if you really want wire-free games).
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Like the Oculus Rift S, Amazon UK has already discounted the Oculus Go for its Early Black Friday deals. You can pick one up for just £149 for the 32GB model. That's £50 off (-25) and cheaper than the Oculus Go was sold during Prime Day earlier in the year.
|
|
Amazon UK: Oculus Go - Save £50 | Buy Now £149 |
Again, US deals haven't appeared yet. Looking back, the Oculus Go dropped to $179, a saving of $20, for Black Friday 2018. Interestingly, it was also the one Oculus VR headset to appear in this year's Prime Day sales in the US.
So far, we know that two big retailers will be dropping the price on the Go this year. Walmart, which they revealed in their Black Friday ad, will drop the price to $149 and Best Buy will have it down to $149 as well.
Back in July, you could pick up an Oculus Go 32GB model for $159, a saving of $40. There was also a discount for the higher capacity 64GB option at $209, down from $249.
So these are the benchmarks for this year's Black Friday price. We wouldn't be too surprised if the Oculus Go dropped to a nice round $150 and set a record low.
Oculus Quest Black Friday deals
Arguably the most tempting headset from Oculus now – especially as Oculus recently announced Oculus Link, which essentially turns the Quest into a PC-connected Rift. This gives you the best of both worlds – a wireless VR experience and a PC-tethered one when you want the extra processing power.
The Oculus Quest was only released earlier in the year with the same $399 price point as the Rift S, which makes it trickier to make any predictions. The Quest hasn't shifted at all from its full RRP in the few months since its release.
While no deals have been released just yet, Oculus announced it'll be offering the new Star Wars: Vader Immortal $10 an episode series for free with purchase of an Oculus Quest starting November 21st at 9 a.m. through January. We checked it out and it looks awesome, you can preview the series here.
Still, we wouldn't be too surprised to see another deal around the $349 mark. For the money, these could fly off the shelves – digital or otherwise.
Oculus games Black Friday deals
Last year, there was a sale at the Oculus Store, discounting a whole range of games with daily deals as part of a Fall into Fun promotion. There was also a special Black Friday Premium Pack that bundled seven games with a special discounted price.
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There's a good chance similar promotions will be put on this year, so keep your eyes peeled if you're looking to pad out your library.
When is Oculus Black Friday 2019?
The date you need to keep in mind is Friday 29 November for Black Friday itself, but expect the Oculus deals to roll in throughout the month of November in the build up. Discounts should also continue through the weekend after Black Friday into Cyber Monday on 2 December.
If you're looking towards Amazon for Black Friday deals on Oculus HMDs, then you'll want to factor in 22 November through to Black Friday on 29 November. That's because the retailer has just announced a whopping eight days worth of deals.
Where to find the best Oculus Black Friday deals
As mentioned, Amazon will undoubtedly be a good source of Oculus deals. There will also be discounts direct from the Oculus.com store, although these might not be as competitive as from other retailers. Lenovo will be where you will want to go for its $349 discount on the Oculus Rift S, too. It could prove fruitful for other Oculus headsets.
Now all that's left is to wait for Black Friday to kick off. Be sure to check back here throughout November for all the very best Oculus Black Friday deals.
If you're after other Black Friday discounts, be sure to check out our other pages, too:
- Playstation VR Black Friday
- Smartwatch Black Friday 2019
- Apple Watch Black Friday
- Fitbit Black Friday
- Garmin Black Friday
- Samsung Black Friday
- Fossil Black Friday
- Apple AirPods Black Friday
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EBD - Easton Bible DIctionary
Pedahel
PEDAHEL
"PEDAHEL "redeemed of God, the son of Ammihud, a prince of Naphtali(
Numbers 34:28
).
"PEDAHEL "redeemed of God, the son of Ammihud, a prince of Naphtali(Numbers 34:28).


Beep Boop. I'm your all-in-one discord bot for gaming with features for WoW, OSRS, Fortnite, PUBG - and some other cool things too, including a built-in music bot!


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This page is where I will be uploading the things that I learn in this module, mainly on Embedded programming, 3d printing and Computer aided designs
in terms of the skills that I learn.In addition, I will also be uploading any new technical products that I have come up with:)


Last updated: 2019-07-09
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| File | Version | Author | Date | Message |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rmd | 413bb8b | robwschlegel | 2019-06-12 | Working on pixel interpolation |
| html | c23c50b | robwschlegel | 2019-06-10 | Build site. |
| html | 028d3cc | robwschlegel | 2019-06-10 | Build site. |
| html | c61a15f | robwschlegel | 2019-06-06 | Build site. |
| html | 46b98f2 | robwschlegel | 2019-06-06 | Build site. |
| Rmd | 49c6105 | robwschlegel | 2019-06-06 | Finished vector data packet pipeline |
| Rmd | 44ac335 | robwschlegel | 2019-06-06 | Working on inclusion of vectors into SOM pipeline |
It would seem logical that the U, V, and W vectors for water movement would be prepared at the same time as all of the other variables, as seen in the Variable preparation vignette. The issue we face with the vectors is that they are stored in the 3D version of the model, which has a 5 day temporal resolution. This means that they will need to be handled slightly differently from the rest of the variables. Largely though we should be able to adjust the functions previously created for the other variables.
# Packages used in this vignette
library(jsonlite, lib.loc = "../R-packages/")
library(tidyverse) # Base suite of functions
library(ncdf4) # For opening and working with NetCDF files
library(lubridate) # For convenient date manipulation
# Load functions required below
source("code/functions.R")
# Set number of cores
doMC::registerDoMC(cores = 50)
# Disable scientific notation for numeric values
# I just find it annoying
options(scipen = 999)
# Corners of the study area
NWA_corners <- readRDS("data/NWA_corners.Rda")
# The NAPA surface data location
NAPA_files <- dir("../../data/NAPA025/1d_grid_T_2D", full.names = T)
# The NAPA 5 day U vector data location
NAPA_U_files <- dir("../../data/NAPA025/5d_grid_U", full.names = T)
# The NAPA 5 day V vector data location
NAPA_V_files <- dir("../../data/NAPA025/5d_grid_V", full.names = T)
# The NAPA 5 day W vector data location
NAPA_W_files <- dir("../../data/NAPA025/5d_grid_W", full.names = T)
# The NAPA model lon/lat values
NAPA_coords <- readRDS("data/NAPA_coords.Rda")
# The NAPA model lon/lat values subsetted to the study area
NAPA_coords <- readRDS("data/NAPA_coords_sub.Rda")
# Load NAPA bathymetry/lon/lat
NAPA_bathy <- readRDS("data/NAPA_bathy.Rda")
# Load NAPA bathymetry/lon/lat subsetted to study area
NAPA_bathy <- readRDS("data/NAPA_bathy_sub.Rda")
# Load MHW results
NAPA_MHW_sub <- readRDS("data/NAPA_MHW_sub.Rda")
# MHW Events
NAPA_MHW_event <- NAPA_MHW_sub %>%
select(-clims, -cats) %>%
unnest(events) %>%
filter(row_number() %% 2 == 0) %>%
unnest(events)
We obviously want the primary vectors from the model, but I noticed that there are other things stored in these 5 day NetCDf files, so let’s have a closer look.
# The U variables
NAPA_U <- ncdump::NetCDF(NAPA_U_files[1])$variable[1:6]
NAPA_U
# A tibble: 9 x 6
name ndims natts prec units longname
<chr> <int> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr>
1 depthu_bounds 2 0 float "" depthu_bounds
2 e3u 4 10 float m U-cell thickness
3 nav_lat 2 3 float degrees_north Latitude
4 nav_lon 2 3 float degrees_east Longitude
5 time_centered 1 6 double seconds since 1900-… Time axis
6 time_centered… 2 0 double "" time_centered_bo…
7 time_counter_… 2 0 double "" time_counter_bou…
8 uoce 4 10 float m/s Sea Water X Velo…
9 utau 3 10 float N/m2 Surface Downward…
# The V variables
NAPA_V <- ncdump::NetCDF(NAPA_V_files[1])$variable[1:6]
NAPA_V
# A tibble: 9 x 6
name ndims natts prec units longname
<chr> <int> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr>
1 depthv_bounds 2 0 float "" depthv_bounds
2 e3v 4 10 float m V-cell thickness
3 nav_lat 2 3 float degrees_north Latitude
4 nav_lon 2 3 float degrees_east Longitude
5 time_centered 1 6 double seconds since 1900-… Time axis
6 time_centered… 2 0 double "" time_centered_bo…
7 time_counter_… 2 0 double "" time_counter_bou…
8 voce 4 10 float m/s Sea Water Y Velo…
9 vtau 3 10 float N/m2 Surface Downward…
# The W variables
NAPA_W <- ncdump::NetCDF(NAPA_W_files[1])$variable[1:6]
NAPA_W
# A tibble: 8 x 6
name ndims natts prec units longname
<chr> <int> <int> <chr> <chr> <chr>
1 avt 4 10 float m2/s vertical eddy di…
2 depthw_bounds 2 0 float "" depthw_bounds
3 nav_lat 2 3 float degrees_north Latitude
4 nav_lon 2 3 float degrees_east Longitude
5 time_centered 1 6 double seconds since 1900-… Time axis
6 time_centered… 2 0 double "" time_centered_bo…
7 time_counter_… 2 0 double "" time_counter_bou…
8 wo 4 10 float m/s ocean vertical v…
It appears that the U and V files also contain their corresponding downward stress (utau
and vtau
), though with the availability of the W vectors, I don’t know that we need these, too. For now we will just stick with: uoce
, voce
, and wo
.
As with the other variables, we will also need to create mean synoptic states of the vectors (U, V, W) during all of the recorded MHWs. From here out we will again be running on data stored on a local server, meaning the following code won’t be of much use unless one has a copy of the NAPA model data. The resulting synoptic states we will create now are likely to be in excess of a couple of GB so will not be hosted on the public GitHub server either. They are of course available upon request.
To create the index of dates to be found within each of the thousands of NAPA 5 day vector NetCDF files we will use the same simple for loop to crawl through the files and write down for us in one long spreadsheet which dates are to be found in which files. This worked well for the previous vignette, so I’ve kept this step the same. The vectors are stored in three different file directories, but their dates are the same, so we only need to create one date index file, not three individual ones.
# Pull out the dates
NAPA_vector_files_dates <- data.frame()
for(i in 1:length(NAPA_files)){
file_name <- NAPA_U_files[i]
date_start <- ymd(str_sub(basename(as.character(file_name)), start = 26, end = 33))
date_end <- ymd(str_sub(basename(as.character(file_name)), start = 35, end = 43))
date_seq <- seq(date_start, date_end, by = "day")
# Take the middle date as this is the real data in the pentad
date_info <- data.frame(file = file_name, date = date_seq[3])
NAPA_vector_files_dates <- rbind(date_info, NAPA_vector_files_dates)
}
# Order by date, just for tidiness
NAPA_vector_files_dates <- dplyr::arrange(NAPA_vector_files_dates, date)
# Save
# saveRDS(NAPA_vector_files_dates, "data/NAPA_vector_files_dates.Rda")
Part of the data packet we need to create for the SOMs is the anomaly values. In order to create anomalies however we need to first create climatologies for all of the variables. This may prove to be a somewhat daunting task, but it’s what we are here to do! In order to create a climatology of values we will need to load all of the files and then pixel-wise go about getting the seasonal (daily) climatologies. This will be done with the same function (ts2clm()
) that is used for the MHW climatologies. We will first create a function that extracts the desired variables from any NetCDF files fed to it. With that done it should be a routine matter to get the climatologies. Hold onto your hats, this is going to be RAM heavy…
# Load functions required below
source("code/functions.R")
# U
clim_one_vec(NAPA_U_files)
gc()
# V
clim_one_vec(NAPA_V_files)
gc()
# W
clim_one_vec(NAPA_W_files)
gc()
And then combine them into one big clim file.
# Load all variable climatologies
NAPA_clim_U <- readRDS("data/NAPA_clim_U.Rda")
NAPA_clim_V <- readRDS("data/NAPA_clim_V.Rda")
NAPA_clim_W <- readRDS("data/NAPA_clim_W.Rda")
# left join them
NAPA_clim_vecs <- left_join(NAPA_clim_U, NAPA_clim_V, by = c("lon", "lat", "doy")) %>%
left_join(NAPA_clim_W, by = c("lon", "lat", "doy"))
# Convert DOY to MM-DD for joining to daily data below
NAPA_clim_vecs$doy <- format(as.Date(NAPA_clim_vecs$doy, origin = "2015-12-31"), "%m-%d")
# Change column names to highlight that these are climatology values
colnames(NAPA_clim_vecs)[-c(1:3)] <- paste0(colnames(NAPA_clim_vecs)[-c(1:3)],"_clim")
# Save
saveRDS(NAPA_clim_vecs, "data/NAPA_clim_vecs.Rda")
rm(NAPA_clim_U, NAPA_clim_V, NAPA_clim_W); gc()
We needed a list of the dates present in each file so that we can easily load only the NetCDF files we need to extract our desired variables. The dates we want are the range of dates during each of the MHWs detected in the SST preparation vignette. In the chunk below we will create a function that decides which files should have their variables loaded and a function that binds everything up into tidy data packets that our SOM can ingest.
# Load NAPA file date index
NAPA_vector_files_dates <- readRDS("data/NAPA_vector_files_dates.Rda")
# Load full variable climatology file
NAPA_clim_vecs <- readRDS("data/NAPA_clim_vecs.Rda")
# Function for extracting the desired vectors from a given NetCDF file
# testers...
# file_number <- 1376
extract_all_vec <- function(file_number){
# Extract and join variables with a for loop
# NB: This should be optimised...
u_vecs <- extract_one_vec(NAPA_U_files[file_number])
v_vecs <- extract_one_vec(NAPA_V_files[file_number])
w_vecs <- extract_one_vec(NAPA_W_files[file_number])
NAPA_vecs_extracted <- left_join(u_vecs, v_vecs, by = colnames(u_vecs)[1:5]) %>%
left_join(w_vecs, by = colnames(u_vecs)[1:5])
# Exit
return(NAPA_vecs_extracted)
}
# Function for extracting vectors from as many files as a MHW event requires
# testers...
# event_sub <- NAPA_MHW_event[23,]
data_vec_packet <- function(event_sub){
# Create date and file index for loading
date_idx <- seq(event_sub$date_start, event_sub$date_end, by = "day")
file_idx <- which(NAPA_vector_files_dates$date %in% date_idx)
# Load required base data
# system.time(
packet_base <- plyr::ldply(file_idx, extract_all_vec) %>%
filter(t %in% date_idx) %>%
mutate(doy = format(t, "%m-%d"))
# ) # 16 seconds for seven files
# Join to climatologies
packet_join <- left_join(packet_base, NAPA_clim_vecs, by = c("lon", "lat", "doy"))
# Create anomaly values and remove clim columns
packet_anom <- packet_join %>%
mutate(uoce_anom = uoce - uoce_clim,
voce_anom = voce - voce_clim,
wo_anom = wo - wo_clim) %>%
dplyr::select(lon, lat, doy, uoce:wo_anom,
-c(colnames(NAPA_clim_vecs)[-c(1:3)]))
# Create mean synoptic values
packet_mean <- packet_anom %>%
select(-doy) %>%
group_by(lon, lat) %>%
summarise_all(mean, na.rm = T) %>%
arrange(lon, lat) %>%
ungroup() %>%
nest(.key = "synoptic")
# Combine results with MHW dataframe
packet_res <- cbind(event_sub, packet_mean)
# Test visuals
# ggplot(packet_mean, aes(x = lon, y = lat)) +
# geom_point(aes(colour = uoce_anom)) +
# scale_colour_gradient2(low = "blue", high = "red") +
# coord_cartesian(xlim = NWA_corners[1:2],
# ylim = NWA_corners[3:4])
# Exit
return(packet_res)
}
With our functions sorted, it is now time to create our data packets.
# Set number of cores
# NB: Was set to 25 as someone else was using the server at the time
doMC::registerDoMC(cores = 25)
# Create one big packet
system.time(
synoptic_vec_states <- plyr::ddply(NAPA_MHW_event, c("region", "sub_region", "event_no"), data_vec_packet, .parallel = T)
) # xxx seconds
# Save
# saveRDS(synoptic_vec_states, "data/synoptic_vec_states.Rda")
With all of our synoptic snapshots for our chosen variables created it is now time to feed them to the Self-organising map (SOM) analysis.
sessionInfo()
R version 3.6.1 (2019-07-05)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS
Matrix products: default
BLAS: /usr/lib/openblas-base/libblas.so.3
LAPACK: /usr/lib/libopenblasp-r0.2.18.so
locale:
[1] LC_CTYPE=en_CA.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C
[3] LC_TIME=en_CA.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=en_CA.UTF-8
[5] LC_MONETARY=en_CA.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_CA.UTF-8
[7] LC_PAPER=en_CA.UTF-8 LC_NAME=C
[9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_CA.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
other attached packages:
[1] bindrcpp_0.2.2 FNN_<IP_ADDRESS> akima_0.6-2
[4] tidync_0.2.1 heatwaveR_<IP_ADDRESS>04 data.table_1.11.6
[7] lubridate_1.7.4 ncdf4_1.16 forcats_0.3.0
[10] stringr_1.3.1 dplyr_0.7.6 purrr_0.2.5
[13] readr_1.1.1 tidyr_0.8.1 tibble_1.4.2
[16] ggplot2_3.0.0 tidyverse_1.2.1 jsonlite_1.6
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] Rcpp_0.12.18 lattice_0.20-35 utf8_1.1.4
[4] assertthat_0.2.0 rprojroot_1.3-2 digest_0.6.16
[7] foreach_1.4.4 R6_2.2.2 cellranger_1.1.0
[10] plyr_1.8.4 backports_1.1.2 evaluate_0.11
[13] httr_1.3.1 pillar_1.3.0 rlang_0.2.2
[16] lazyeval_0.2.1 readxl_1.1.0 ncmeta_0.0.4
[19] rstudioapi_0.7 whisker_0.3-2 R.utils_2.7.0
[22] R.oo_1.22.0 rmarkdown_1.10 htmlwidgets_1.3
[25] munsell_0.5.0 broom_0.5.0 compiler_3.6.1
[28] modelr_0.1.2 pkgconfig_2.0.2 htmltools_0.3.6
[31] tidyselect_0.2.4 workflowr_1.1.1 codetools_0.2-15
[34] doMC_1.3.5 fansi_0.3.0 viridisLite_0.3.0
[37] crayon_1.3.4 withr_2.1.2 R.methodsS3_1.7.1
[40] grid_3.6.1 nlme_3.1-137 gtable_0.2.0
[43] git2r_0.23.0 magrittr_1.5 scales_1.0.0
[46] cli_1.0.0 stringi_1.2.4 sp_1.3-1
[49] xml2_1.2.0 iterators_1.0.10 tools_3.6.1
[52] glue_1.3.0 RNetCDF_1.9-1 maps_3.3.0
[55] hms_0.4.2 ncdump_0.0.3 parallel_3.6.1
[58] yaml_2.2.0 colorspace_1.3-2 rvest_0.3.2
[61] plotly_4.9.0 knitr_1.20 bindr_0.1.1
[64] haven_1.1.2
This reproducible R Markdown analysis was created with workflowr 1.1.1


Forms
Forms should give users the information they need to fill in the fields correctly, and should prevent user error as much as possible.
Users Affected
Blind
Low Vision
Mobility
Cognitive
Checklist
-
Labels for fields and groups of fields are visible at all times
-
Labels accurately describe what each field is for
-
It is obvious which fields in the form are required and which are optional
-
Help text is provided for fields that require a specific data format
-
Error messages clearly instruct the user on how to correct the error
-
Forms which can't be easily reversed once submitted (legal, financial) give users the option to review inputted information before submitting


Work up until now...
what's happened, did I call it right?
Up until this point in my life I have always worked in such a way as to both please others and try to do more than is asked of me, not necessarily for recognition, but more for my own knowledge and advcancement in my field and in my skill-set. I have always had the belief that hard-work is generally noticed and rewarded as such, but alas, my experience thus far has been limited and although I have worked in such environments, I am yet to experience such meritocracy. I had this idea that, by now, my drive would have had me in a position where I have both more responsibility and more freedom and enjoy with that the comforts of having my own space and variety in my skill-set resulting in various streams of income. Sadly, this has not yet happened and fortunately my journey has lead me to individuals who, have helped me ask the right questions and learn the right skills to answer of find answers to them. There are many reasons why my hard work was not noticed, either because the efforts I put in were not suited to my personality, the efforts I put in were not noticed and I did not highlight them well enough or what I perceived as hard-work was seen by others as simply enough and in fact minimal.


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Career Profile
A passionate and responsible undergraduate student seeking to broaden her career horizons and gain new skills. Being also a self-motivated learner aimed to achieve high academic performance and with deep interest in data management, parallel and distributed computing and software engineering.
Currently working on blockchain projects and diving into the cryptocurrencies' world.
Experiences
Serving in a guest cafeteria as an exchange visitor under a J1 Visa. This program provides the opportunity for foreign visitors to experience U.S. society and culture and engage with Americans.
Develop an Android application consisting of a shopping cart for a liquor store located in Popayán. With more than 500 downloads, the app is available for free on Google Play.
Provide technical support by phone for Internet, TV and phone services to Comcast customers in the United States.