This post by Alister Scott originally appeared on watirmelon.com. Please leave all comments on the original article.
Introduction
I was very impressed with Jeff Morgan, known as Cheezy, who recently wrote a series of blog posts about how to use Cucumber and Watir, and shared his code on Github.
I love it when people share their ideas this like, so I thought I would share what I have found useful when setting up a very simple Cucumber with Watir (Celerity & Watir-WebDriver) page object pattern framework, and how this compares to what Jeff has proposed.
Show me the code!
Before we begin, I’ll show you my code. It’s all on Github, right now, as we speak, and you can easily fork and clone this repository to play around with it. It uses a simple google search example.
Project Folder Structure
Google Search Feature
Feature: Google Search
As a casual internet user
I want to find some information about watir, and do a quick conversion
So that I can be knowledgeable being
Scenario: Search for Watir
Given I am on the Google Home Page
When I search for "Watir"
Then I should see at least 100,000 results
Scenario: Do a unit conversion
Given I am on the Google Home Page
When I convert 10 cm to inches
Then I should see the conversion result
"10 centimeters = 3.93700787 inches"
Scenario: Do a search using data specified externally
Given I am on the Google Home Page
When I search for a ridiculously small number of results
Then I should see at most 5 results
Page Object Pattern
For our example, we have two page objects. The page classes delegate any methods that don’t exist on the page to the Browser object that is passed in from Cucumber. This ensures you can call browser specific methods (.title, .url etc.) at the page object level without duplicating methods.
class GoogleHomePage
attr_accessor :search_field, :google_search_button
URLS = { :production => "http://www.google.com/" }
def initialize(browser)
@browser = browser
@search_field = @browser.text_field(:name => "q")
@google_search_button = @browser.button(:name => "btnG")
end
def method_missing(sym, *args, &block)
@browser.send sym, *args, &block
end
def visit
@browser.goto URLS[:production]
end
def page_title
@browser.title
end
def search_for term
self.search_field.set term
self.google_search_button.click
google_results_page = GoogleResultsPage.new(browser)
google_results_page.results.wait_until_present if WEBDRIVER
google_results_page
end
end
Cucumber Initialization
I have everything to do with initialization in support/env.rb. This initializes a browser once, and then uses the same browser instance for each Cucumber scenario. This is different from Jeff’s hooks.rb
file that launches a new browser for every scenario. I have found by reusing the browser, you get much quicker test execution time.
The INDEX_OFFSET is a constant that allows me to use ‘index’ when referring to browser elements across both celerity with its 1-based index and watir-webdriver with its 0-based index.
TEST_DATA_DIR = "./features/test_data"
if ENV["HEADLESS"] then
require "celerity"
browser = Celerity::Browser.new
INDEX_OFFSET = 0
WEBDRIVER = false
else
require 'watir-webdriver'
require 'watir-webdriver/extensions/wait'
browser = Watir::Browser.new :firefox
INDEX_OFFSET = -1
WEBDRIVER = true
end
Before do
@browser = browser
end
at_exit do
browser.close
end
Calling the page objects from the steps
As you can see, most of my steps are in a declarative style, so these normally align pretty well to a method on the page object.
I use a given step to create a page object (in our case @google_home_page), and then call methods on this object for when and then steps. I have created a dynamic invocation of the page creation, so it will work for all pages specified in the cucumber step itself. I use the search_for_term
method to transition between page objects, as this method returns the new page. As a rule of thumb, I try to keep my step definition code to 1 or 2 lines, and at a fairly high level, which makes it much more readable.
Given /^I am on the (.+)$/ do |page_name|
@google_home_page = Object.const_get(page_name.gsub(" ","")).new(@browser)
@google_home_page.visit
end
When /^I search for a? ?"([^"]*)"$/ do |term|
@google_results_page = @google_home_page.search_for term
end
When /^I search for a?n? ?([^"].+[^"])$/ do |term|
term = Common.get_search_term_data term
@google_results_page = @google_home_page.search_for term
end
Then /^I should see at least ([\d,]+) results$/ do |exp_num_results|
@google_results_page.number_search_results.should >= exp_num_results.gsub(",","").to_i
end
Then /^I should see at most ([\d,]+) results$/ do |exp_num_results|
@google_results_page.number_search_results.should <= exp_num_results.gsub(",","").to_i
end
When /^I convert (.+)$/ do |conversion_statement|
@google_results_page = @google_home_page.search_for "convert #{conversion_statement}"
end
Then /^I should see the conversion result "([^"]*)"$/ do |exp_conversion_result|
@google_results_page.conversion_result.text.should == exp_conversion_result
end
Expressing test data external to the features/pages
Unlike Jeff’s recommendation of using default data on page objects, I prefer to store test data externally to the page objects in YAML files. That way I can describe the test data which is directly used in my Cucumber step. For example:
Scenario: Do a search using data specified externally Given I am on the Google Home Page When I search for a ridiculously small number of results Then I should see at most 5 results
The phrase ridiculously small number of results matches directly to a section of my YAML test data file. This keeps the scenario highly readable, with the detailed data specified in the YAML file.
search terms:
ridiculously small number of results:
search term: 'macrocryoglobulinemia marvel'
A common method simply retrieves the appropriate test data, and provides it to the step to use. Note here that, as this step doesn’t contain quotation marks, this implies a description of data, rather than a literal string of data that would contain quotation marks around the string.
When /^I search for a?n? ?([^"].+[^"])$/ do |term|
term = Common.get_search_term_data term
@google_results_page = @google_home_page.search_for term
end
Putting it all together
I have set up two profiles in the cucumber.yml
file, one is the default that uses Firefox under Watir-Webdriver, and one runs Celerity (headless) and is named ci
. It’s then a case of calling "cucumber"
or "cucumber -p ci"
to run each of these profiles.
I have set up a ./go
script that bootstraps the entire process on unix based systems (Mac OSX and Linux).
The final result
Running cucumber
provides results as green as a cucumber.
How does this compare to Cheezy’s framework I mentioned?
- I am using a similar page object pattern to define web application pages, but I haven't created a helper class to mix into each like he has: I simply use instance variables on a page class to define the GUI elements, instead of creating a series of methods for each object.
- My page objects also delegate methods to the main Browser object as required, so you can directly call things like .title, .url etc.
- Instead of using Jeff's default data pattern, I instead prefer to store this data described in external YAML files instead for maximum flexibility.
- Jeff talks about using mixins to mix in common objects. I haven't done this, but it's easily doable with my framework, and should be done as it scales out.
Summary
Jeff has done an excellent job with his series of posts and code (thank you), and I am hoping here to build on that, and show how it’s easy to set up a simple Cucumber & Watir page object pattern framework.


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Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
"'T is some visiter," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door–
Only this, and nothing more."
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,
And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
Eagerly I wished the morrow:–vainly I had sought to borrow
From my books surcease of sorrow–sorrow for the lost Lenore–
For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore–
Nameless here for evermore.
And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
Thrilled me–filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;
So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating
"'T is some visiter entreating entrance at my chamber door
Some late visiter entreating entrance at my chamber door;–
This it is, and nothing more."
Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,
"Sir," said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;
But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,
And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,
That I scarce was sure I heard you"–here I opened wide the door;–
Darkness there, and nothing more.
Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing,
Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;
But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token,
And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore!"
This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, "Lenore!"
Merely this and nothing more.
Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,
Soon again I heard a tapping, somewhat louder than before.
"Surely," said I, "surely that is something at my window lattice;
Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore–
Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;–
'T is the wind and nothing more!"
Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter,
In there stepped a stately Raven of the saintly days of yore.
Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he;
But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door–
Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door–
Perched, and sat, and nothing more.
Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,
By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore,
"Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou," I said, "art sure no craven,
Ghastly grim and ancient Raven wandering from the Nightly shore,–
Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night's Plutonian shore!"
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."
Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,
Though its answer little meaning–little relevancy bore;
For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being
Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door–
Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door,
With such name as "Nevermore."
But the Raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only
That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour.
Nothing further then he uttered–not a feather then he fluttered–
Till I scarcely more than muttered, "Other friends have flown before–
On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before."
Then the bird said, "Nevermore."
Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,
"Doubtless," said I, "what it utters is its only stock and store,
Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster
Followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden bore–
Till the dirges of his Hope that melancholy burden bore
Of 'Never–nevermore.'"
But the Raven still beguiling all my sad soul into smiling,
Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird and bust and door;
Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking
Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore–
What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt and ominous bird of yore
Meant in croaking "Nevermore."
This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing
To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core;
This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining
On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamplight gloated o'er,
But whose velvet violet lining with the lamplight gloating o'er
She shall press, ah, nevermore!
Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer
Swung by seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor.
"Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee–by these angels he hath sent thee
Respite–respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore!
Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe, and forget this lost Lenore!"
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."
"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil!–prophet still, if bird or devil!–
Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore,
Desolate yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted–
On this home by Horror haunted–tell me truly, I implore–
Is there–is there balm in Gilead?–tell me–tell me, I implore!"
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."
"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil–prophet still, if bird or devil!
By that Heaven that bends above, us–by that God we both adore–
Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn,
It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore–
Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore."
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."
"Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!" I shrieked, upstarting–
"Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's Plutonian shore!

Leave my loneliness unbroken!–quit the bust above my door!
Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!"
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."
And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting
On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming,
And the lamplight o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor;
And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor
Shall be lifted–nevermore!
|


Business Rules Generator
Trigger name
Table 1
-- select an option --
DEPT
Column 1
-- select an option --
DEPTNO
DNAME
LOC
First value
Rule
-- select an option --
Between
Not between
Rule
-- select an option --
Greater than
Smaller than
equal to
unequal to
greater or equal to
smaller or equal to
Table 2
-- select an option --
DEPT
Column 2
-- select an option --
DEPTNO
DNAME
LOC
Second value
Error message
send


Hi, I'm Madhushree
Hello, My name is Madhushree.
I'm from Mundgod. After graduating in 2020 with bachelor's degree in Electronics and Communication,
I joined to Web Development course.
I have done some small projects on HTML, CSS, JAVA-SCRIPT & REACT.
See my previous work history on Github. Link is given in contact.
Currently i am doing Internship at Sathvik Softech Hubli.
BE Electronics and Communication Engineering,
KLE Institute Of Technology, Hubli.
Diploma,Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Govt.Polytechnic College,Mundgod.
PUC Science,
Govt.JR.College,Mundgod.
SSLC,
Govt.JR.College,Mundgod.
SKILLS


Game created by Jose Vives Iznardo
Sprites from:
- World, Hero and Zombie sprite from lostdecadegames.
- Door closed and opened are handmade.
- All other from google images.
- View Sprite image used by the game.
All the sounds are generated with BFXR
Game created by Jose Vives Iznardo
Sprites from:
All the sounds are generated with BFXR
Open the console terminal and type "debug = true;" to show all the debug information on screen. You can disable this effect by typing again "debug = false;". Maybe you can change something else, who knows?


Introduction
Within Task Learning we use “semantic types” to describe the domain-specific types that are used in specifying parameter types, and “representation types” to describe the data values that are passed around in the system to represent instances of the semantic types.
This document currently discusses the semantic types with only passing reference to representation types.
In this document, the inheritance we have is (i) the inheritance of the representation type of an application subtype from the application base type it is based on and (ii) the inheritance of structure types fields from the parent type.
Semantic Type Categories
These are the “atomic” semantic types:
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The “root” or “universal” type with name object that is a supertype of all other types. This type is generally for system internal use, rather than in parameter type declarations.
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The “empty” or “impossible” type with the empty string for its name that is a subtype of all other types and has no possible values. This type is generally for system internal use, rather than in parameter type declarations.
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A fixed set of “predefined primitive-predefined” types with names: integer, real, string, boolean, timestamp, and duration.
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An extensible set of “enumerated” types, where each type has a fixed number of possible values. For example, the enumerated type TrafficLightColor might have values red, amber, and green.
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An extensible set of “application base” types, whose representation type (in Java at least) is some Java class and for which there is a string representation that can be used to communicate values between systems.
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An extensible set of “application subtypes”, each of which nominates another application base type or application subtype as its parent, and represents a subset of values of the parent type. Note:
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two different subtypes of a parent type may or may not be disjoint, i.e., they may share values, and
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the representation type of the application subtype is the same as that of the parent type.
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These are the “compound” semantic types:
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An extensible set of structure base types that are ordered aggregates of zero or more named fields of other types. For example, a Date structure type could be defined to have three fields of type integer named day, month, and year. A field value may be accessed either by its name or by its zero-based index.
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There is a predefined structure type with zero fields named “structure”. This is the root of all structure types.
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Every structure type with the exception of “structure” is derived from another structure type, it’s parent type. The new structure type inherits the fields of the parent type and adds zero or more new fields after the parent’s fields. The new type is a subtype of the parent type, extending the parent type by refinement. It is an error for a structure type to specify a new field that has the same name as one of the parent type’s fields.
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An infinite set of “collection” types that can be enumerated by applying one or more generic type constructors, either list, set, bag, or nullable to another type. These collection types are not explicitly declared, but instead are implicitly declared by the existence of the base type. Thus as soon as the type named foo is explicitly declared, the collection types with names list<foo>, set<foo>, list<nullable<foo>>, and so on are taken to be implicitly declared. The type, list<foo> would be a collection type that includes all lists with elements of type foo. Note that the collection values really need to be immutable, since:
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mutable collections do not work well in distributed environments,
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identity and equality of mutable collections are not equivalent, and
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the subtype relationship becomes very complicated and you need to introduce Java-generic style types such as list<? super X and list<? extends X>.
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Note that circular type references are prohibited in compound types. Thus you may not declare a type name foo for a collection type list<foo>.
Semantic Type Semantics
Semantic types are identified with sets of allowed semantic values. These semantic values are idealized values, distinct from the data values that are used to represent the semantic values in practice. For example, we may have an enumerated semantic type TrafficLightColor with three possible semantic values, red, amber, and green. These semantic values are considered different from the strings "red", "amber", and "green" of the string predefined primitive semantic type, even if in the underlying representation type, the data values used to represent them are the same.
From here on, the unqualified word “type” will mean “semantic type” and “value” will mean “semantic value”.
A type, X, is “a subtype of” another type, Y, if the set of allowed values for X is a subset of the set of allowed values for Y. This means that wherever a value of type Y is required, a value of type X can be supplied.
A type, X, is “equivalent to” another type, Y, if they have exactly the same allowed values. Note that X is equivalent to Y if and only if X is a subtype of Y and Y is a subtype of X.
A type, X, is “disjoint from” another type, Y, if X and Y have no allowed values in common.
A type, X, is “almost disjoint from” another type, Y, if X and Y have only “degenerate” values in common, such as the null value, the empty list, a set containing only the empty list, and so on.
We define the “ancestor list” of a structure type to be a list of the type itself, its parent, its parent’s parent, and so on up to the root structure type, “structure”.
For the different categories of types:
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The root type, “object”, allows every value.
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The empty type allows no values.
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The predefined primitive types are disjoint from one another (although see note later in this document).
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Each enumerated type is disjoint from every other enumerated type and from every predefined primitive type.
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Each application base type is disjoint from every other application base type and from every predefined primitive or enumerated type.
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Each application subtype is a subtype of its base type and may or may not be disjoint from each of its sibling subtypes.
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Each structure type is a subtype of each of its ancestor types. Note that this form of subtyping (by addition of fields, a form of refinement) is different from application subtyping (by explicit subsetting of values by the application).
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Each structure type is disjoint from every other structure type with the same parent. Thus given any two structure types, either one is an ancestor of the other or else the two types are disjoint.
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Each collection type (except the nullable collection types) is disjoint from every predefined primitive, enumerated, application and structure type and from every collection type that is the application of a different generic type constructor (that is, set<X> is disjoint from list<X> for all X). The type list<X> is a subtype of type list<Y> if and only if type X is a subtype of type Y, and so on for each of the generic type constructors.
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For any type X, there is only one value of type list<X> that is empty. From this and the subtype relationship described above, we can deduce that this empty list value is shared by all list types. Similarly, there is one empty set value shared by all set types and one empty bag value shared by all bag types. This means that even if two types, X and Y, are disjoint then the types list<X> and list<Y> are “almost disjoint” since they share the same empty value.
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A type nullable<T> includes all values of T, as well as a distinguished value null. So type T is a subtype of nullable<T>. If X is a subtype of Y then nullable<X> is a subtype of nullable<Y> (but not a subtype of Y). As a consequence, there can only be one null value shared by all nullable types. This means that even if two types, X and Y, are disjoint then the types nullable<X> and nullable<Y> are “almost disjoint” since they share the same null value.
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Note that nullable<nullable<T>> would be no different from nullable<T>, so we do not allow nullable<nullable<T>>
Note that we can have multiple names that refer to the same type. For example, if intList is defined to be an alias for a list of integers then this type is equivalent to a type list<num> where num is an alias for integer.
The semantic equals relationship between values is easy to define, but hard to implement. The system will be using instances of representation types to represent the data values. In the absence of run-time type information associated with the values, it may be impossible to distinguish semantically different values, for example the value red of enumerated type TrafficLightColor and the string red of predefined primitive type String.
We could require that if non-universal semantic types X and Y are neither disjoint nor almost disjoint (i.e., they have some non-degenerate semantic values in common), then the data values used to represent instances of these types will only be equal for semantically equal values. That would mean that we could get “false positives” when testing equality at the representation level, only when
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the objects are of types that could not possibly be equal (or equal only for degenerate cases) and so equality should never be tested, or
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we are testing equality of a value for which we have no type information.
Structure values are considered equal if they are of the same type and have the same values for each of the fields. Note that two subtypes of a parent structure type, neither of which adds any fields, are necessarily disjoint. Thus two structure values with the same field names and values may not be equal. Therefore structure values should be tagged with the structure type.
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Note
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Implementation note
In the current implementation, structure values are not tagged with the structure type. This means that in the presence of structure type inheritance, the equals method may return false positives. |
There are other relationships between types and values that can be expressed. I will express these in Java-like syntax for static methods, so every parameter is explicit. Where types are parameters or return values, I will use the java Class<T> notation to represent the type of a type.
Representation Types
Each predefined primitive type has an analogous representation type. The task learning system is implemented in the Java programming language. It uses Java data types internally to represent values of predefined primitive types. ICal is used to represent timestamp and duration types; Java native types are used to represent the others.
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integer
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java.lang.Long |
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real
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java.lang.Double |
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boolean
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java.lang.Boolean |
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string
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java.lang.String |
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timestamp
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com.sri.pal.common.ICalDateTime |
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duration
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com.sri.pal.common.ICalDuration |
Each application subtype inherits its representation type from its base type. It may not be overridden.
Values entering the system that may be implemented in non-Java are converted to Java representation types on a best-effort basis.
TODO describe how web interface provides values to the task learning system.
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Note
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Implementation note
All predefined primitive types except timestamp and duration implement 'java.lang.Comparable'. Implementations can exploit this, using for example 'java.lang.TreeSet' to implement sets of predefined primitive values. |
Learning Semantics
TODO: move this section to another document
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A permutable list may support another if they contain the same bag of elements.
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Element order is irrelevant when finding loops over permutable lists.
A timestamp may support another timestamp only if both have time zones specified, or both do not (ie. they are local times). This frees the learning system from location-specific semantics.
A timestamp may support another timestamp if it refers to the exact same point in time.
A duration may support another duration iff it refers to the exact same number of milliseconds. For example, one hour may support 60 minutes.
Metadata
Various key/value pairs may be associated with types to modify the behavior of those types and/or their values in specific components of the task learning system. These are detailed in Metadata in Task Learning.
Extensions and Modifications
We may want to eliminate the predefined primitive types and instead force the user to declare their own numeric application types.
We could allow enumerated types to extend another enumerated type by restricting the allowed values. The new enumerated type would then be a subtype of the enumerated type being extended.
We could allow an enumerated type to extend another enumerated type by splitting one or more values of the parent enumerated type into more precise values. For example, given an enumerated type with values succeeded and failed, we could have a subtype that splits failed into cancelled, timedOut, and lackedResourced.
We could allow the integer type to be a subtype of the long type, so the number ‘1’ would be both an integer and a long. This has a mathematical elegance, but this has a serious problem: we could not use the Java Object.equals method for comparison of representation values. To use the Object.equals method for value equality, we need to cast (automatically?) whenever an integer is passed where a long is required, for example.
In this presentation, the only way you can have an explicitly declared name for a collection type is if that name is an alias for that collection type. Thus if two different applications give two different names for the same collection type then those new names will be treated as equivalent. There may be a reason to introduce “derived new collection” types, each of which is based on a collection type and represents a disjoint set of possible values. For example, a derived new collection type integers may be based on type set<integer>, but would be distinct from that type. That is, an integers value cannot be used as a set<integer> value and vice versa. Personally, I would prefer this to be expressed in a ‘has-a’ relationship, such as by creating a structure type containing a field of type set<integer>.
We could allow collection types to be opaque. This would mean that first/last/only may not be applied to their values, nor may iteration over their values be learned.
We could allow an application subtype to be based on multiple application types, so long as all those types were eventually derived from the same application base type.
We could allow a structure subtype to be based on multiple structure types, inheriting the union of all their fields in a canonical order.
We could introduce polymorphism by introducing type variables. These should be distinct from any possible type names, for example by requiring them all to start with a pre-defined variable prefix character. For example, we might have a polymorphic type list<$x> meaning a list of whatever type $x refers to. A variable’s scope is the action/function/predicate definition it appears in.
Partial Information and Distributed Declarations
The information about the type system may not be complete. We may only have information about loaded components. However, that may not be a problem. It is still possible to reason about input and output parameters of a named type with no declaration if the values are just passed through without any processing. It is also possible to reason about iterating over or constructing lists of a named type with no declaration.
One problem arises if we want to extract field values from or construct an instance of a structure type with no declaration. There is no immediately obvious solution to this problem. I believe that we will only be able to treat instance of an undeclared type as opaque objects. We might even want to enforce a requirement that a structure declaration requires declarations to be known for all types used by that declaration.
Another problem arises when we need to know whether we can pass a value of one type as a value of another type. One particular example is the use of different names for a type in different components. An approach that is currently in use in the bridge is to have each component declare the type using their own name, say thunderbird.URL and declare types that should be treated as equivalent, e.g., firefox.URL. If this declaration is loaded before that of firefox.URL, the thunderbird.URL type is defined as normal with firefox.URL as an alias for it. Alternatively, if firefox.URL is already defined, its declaration is confirmed to be the same as that of thunderbird.URL and thunderbird.URL is declared to be an alias of firefox.URL
Implementation
The implementation of the type system is based on:
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com.sri.ai.lumen.atr.decl.ATRTypeDeclaration objects that correspond to declarations of type names,
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com.sri.ai.lumen.atr.type.Type objects that encapsulate all known information about a type, and
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a com.sri.ai.lumen.atr.type.Type.Registry object that accumulates type declarations and maps type names to type objects.
The user defined type names will be separated into namespaces, which each namespace corresponding to a client such as firefox, and will use the client name as a prefix. The user defined types will also include a version number.
For the CTRS syntax of a type declaration we could have something like:
type "foo^7.0^trafficLightColor" values: ["red", "amber", "green"]; type "foo^7.0^app1" representationType: "java.lang.String"; type "foo^7.0^app2" parentType: "foo^7.0^app1"; type "foo^7.0^date" fieldNames: ["month", "day", "year"] fieldTypes: ["integer", "integer", "integer"];
Each enumerated type must supply a "values" keyword argument, but not one of the other keywords listed above, each application base type must supply a "representationType" keyword argument, but not one of the others listed above, and so on. A structure type may also declare a parentType argument - if it doesn’t, the structure type is assumed to be the parent.
In addition to these arguments, a type declaration may include an "equivalentTypes" keyword, whose value is a list of type name strings, and a "properties" keyword, whose value is a map containing meta-data for the type.
To alias an existing type you can just use the equivalentTypes keyword argument (and optionally the "properties" keyword).
type "foo^7.0^intList" equivalentTypes: ["list<integer>"]; type "foo^7.0^int" equivalentTypes: ["integer"];
If a type declaration is loaded when the type name or one of its "equivalentTypes" is already defined, then the type declaration is checked to be equivalent to the already-defined type and the type name (if not already defined) and any "equivalentTypes" not already defined are declared to be new names for the already-defined type.
If a type declaration with an "equivalentTypes" keyword is loaded and neither it nor any of the "equivalentTypes" is already defined, then each of the "equivalentTypes" is declared to be an alternative name for the type.
A type declaration contains the information needed to create a Type object via the type registry.
A type declaration is the repository for all metadata associated with a type name. A type can in general have multiple declarations using the equivalent types attribute of a declaration, and each declaration has distinct metadata. All metadata for a declaration is provided by the getProperties method of ATRTypeDeclaration. This returns an ATRMap from which the relevant metadata can be extracted using the getInteger, getString, getDouble, and getBoolean methods.
A type registry accumulates type declarations and provides Type objects. The effect of addDeclaration(ATRTypeDeclaration) is to create a new Type if no type corresponding to the equivalent types exist or add a new declaration to an existing Type listed as one of the equivalent type names. The declared type name and all equivelent type names will now map to the Type object. Since a type may have numerous names, it may have multiple declarations.
Note that a Type object refers to other Type objects and uses java.lang.String for names, whereas ATRTypeDeclaration objects, corresponding to CTRS source code like the other ATR interafces, refer to other types by name and use ATRLiterals. Note also that only ATRTypeDeclarations have properties associated with them, not Type objects.
The registry constructors add all predefined primitive types automatically.
Collection types are implicitly defined. The getCollectionType(C, T) method of a type registry returns the same Type for any given C/T pair. A collection type has no declarations associated with it, unless some named type(s) is (are) declared to be equivalent to a collection type. The getNames() of a collection type returns the standard name, along with any names declared to be equivalent (e.g., "list<set<string>>, syntax dependent upon conventions to be determined)".
If an "alias" declaration is added to a type registry when none of the equivalent types exists (i.e., it is a forward or external reference), the addDeclaration method returns a Type with category "INCOMPLETE". This Type provides no semantics except associations with its declaration(s). Generally addDeclaration() will fail if the declaration names a type that has already been declared of a different category or with different fields, etc., but if it names an "INCOMPLETE" Type, that type is updated to reflect the declaration.
Current Implementation Limitations
Currently, structure inheritance from anything other than the root structure type is not supported. One problem with inheritance is that for the Bridge to be able to communicate values, it needs to know the type of the value. Static type checking may provide one structure type for a parameter, but the argument value passed may be a sub-type. Since structure values are not tagged with type information, the types of any additional fields in the sub-type value will not be known.
Currently, no null-checking of values is performed as values are being transmitted. Thus it is possible for a null to be passed as the value for a non-nullable type.
XML Declarations
Due to the complexity of representing < and > in XML, we may want to use [ and ] for delimiters for the collection types, e.g., set[integer] rather than set<integer>.
OLDER NOTES, POSSIBLY NO LONGER ACCURATE OR RELEVANT
Type Operations
These operations may be applied to any type.
String getDisplayName(Class<T> type);
Returns a human-readable name for this type (e.g. email instead of namespace.version.emailID). Type metadata (see below) may be exploited to compute this name.
Predefined Primitive Type Operations
The predefined primitive types are also ordered ---- boolean lessThan(Long o1, Long o2); boolean lessThan(Double o1, Double o2); boolean lessThan(Boolean o1, Boolean o2); boolean lessThan(String o1, String o2); boolean lessThan(ICalDate o1, ICalDate o2); boolean lessThan(ICalDuration o1, ICalDuration o2); ---- Application Base Type Operations
Information about application base type T:
Class<?> getBaseType(Class<T> type);
Operations on values:
String getStringValue(T applicationValue); Nullable<T> fromStringValue(Class<T> type, String str);
Application Subtype Operations
Information about application subtype T derived from B:
Class<?> getBaseType(Class<T> type);
Operations on values:
Nullable<T> downCast(Class<T> type, B baseValue); Nullable<T> fromStringValue(Class<T> type, String str);
Structure Type Operations
Information about structure type T extends StructureType:
Nullable<Class<? super T>> superClass(Class<T> type); List<String> directFieldNames(Class<T> type); List<Class<?>> directFieldTypes(Class<T> type);
Operations involving values:
T constructStructure(Class<T> type, List<Object> fieldValues); T constructStructure(Class<T> type, List<String> fieldNames, List<Object> fieldValues); T constructStructure(Class<T> type, Map<String,Object> fieldValues); F getFieldValue(T structure, String fieldName, Class<F> fieldType); Object getFieldValue(T structure, String fieldName); F getFieldValue(T structure, int fieldIndex, Class<F> fieldType); Object getFieldValue(T structure, int fieldIndex);
If we have sufficient tagging of data values:
Class<?> getStructureType(T structure);
Collection Type Operations
Information about collection type T extends CollectionType<E>:
Class<E> getElementType(Class<T> type);
Operations involving values:
Integer size(T collection); boolean isEmpty(T collection); E only(T collection); - throw exceptions if size != 1 E first(list<E> list); - throws exception if size < 1 E last(list<E> list); - throws exception if size < 1 E get(list<E> list, Integer index); - throws exception if index < 0 or index >= size boolean contains(T collection, E element); Integer count(T collection, E element); - most useful for bag<E> Collection<E> asJavaCollection(T collection); E[] asJavaArray(T collection); list<E> listFrom(E... elements); set<E> setFrom(E... elements); bag<E> bagFrom(E... elements); Nullable<E> nullableFrom(); Nullable<E> nullableFrom(E element);
Enumerated Values Operations
Information about values of enumerated type T:
boolean isValueOf(Class<T> type, T value); boolean lessThan(T o1, T o2);
unknown
Since predefined primitive types can be aliased, these methods would behave similar to types that are not predefined primitive types, i.e., returning a Collection of size one or more, including all aliases and one unaliased result.


欢迎使用 Sketch 3 的用户手册，这个手册的内容同时适用于新手和熟练用户。 如果你对于这个手册的内容有任何想法和疑问，请通过 邮箱 随时联系我们。 我们会不断的完善本手册。
介绍（Introduction）
Sketch is a vector drawing app intended for designers of all sorts. Vector-based drawing is by far the the best way to design websites, icons or interfaces. On top of this vector editing we have added support for basic bitmap styles, such as blur and color corrections.
Sketch 是一款适用于所有设计师的矢量绘图应用。矢量绘图也是目前进行网页，图标以及界面设计的最好方式。但除了矢量编辑的功能之外，我们同样添加了一些基本的位图工具，比如模糊和色彩校正。
We’ve made Sketch both powerful and easy to understand. Experienced designers can easily transfer their existing skills in a matter of hours, and replace Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator or Fireworks for most digital design tasks.
我们尽力让 Sketch 容易理解并上手简单，有经验的设计师花上几个小时便能将自己的设计技巧在Sketch中自如运用。对于绝大多数的数字产品设计，Sketch 都能替代 Adobe Photoshop，Illustrator 和 Fireworks。
为什么选择 Sketch（Why use Sketch）
Sketch has a great UI and was built for the kind of things you want to do when you design icons or interfaces. It’s a one-window app, and what you need is always in reach. We support Multiple Fills per layer and we have the best text rendering & text styles out there. The canvas is infinite and we have some great asset exporting tools we’re sure you will love.
Sketch 是为图标设计和界面设计而生的。它是一个有着出色 UI 的一站式应用，所有你需要的工具都触手可及。在 Sketch 中，画布将是无限大小的，每个图层都支持多种填充模式；我们有最棒的文字渲染和文本式样，还有一些你一定会爱上的文件导出工具。
You can view the canvas both in a resolution-independent view where you have infinite precision, or you can turn on Pixel Preview and you will know exactly how every pixel will look on export - if you care about such a thing.
必要的话，你可以用无限精准的分辨率无关模式来查看画布，或者打开像素模式来查看每一个像素导出后的样子。
但是 Sketch 并不是一个位图编辑应用。也就是说如果你想修正一张照片或者用笔刷来画画，那么这不是你要找的应用。
What Sketch is not
Sketch is not a bitmap editor. This means that if you want to do photo correction or draw with brushes, this is not the app for you.
PDF Manual
There's also a PDF version of the manual available. You can [download it here](http://bohemiancoding.com/static/download/manual.pdf)


- sample - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.layout
-
- scan_activity_layout - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.layout
-
- ScanActivity - Class in com.google.android.glass.TMM
-
The Class ScanActivity.
- ScanActivity() - Constructor for class com.google.android.glass.TMM.ScanActivity
-
- scanner - Variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.ScanActivity
-
The scanner object used to interpret QR codes.
- scanQR() - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.ScanActivity
-
Scan the QR code.
- screen - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.drawable
-
- screenshot_path - Variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.VideoCard
-
The path of the image to be used as the video screenshot for this card.
- screnshotname - Variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.VideoCard
-
The name of the screenshot image associated with the VideoCard
- scroller - Variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TextViewer
-
The headscrollview allowing the user to scroll up and down the list of
text.
- SelectCardActivity - Class in com.google.android.glass.TMM
-
The Class SelectCardActivity.
- SelectCardActivity() - Constructor for class com.google.android.glass.TMM.SelectCardActivity
-
- SelectCardScrollAdapter - Class in com.google.android.glass.TMM
-
- SelectCardScrollAdapter(Context, int, TMMCard[]) - Constructor for class com.google.android.glass.TMM.SelectCardScrollAdapter
-
Instantiates a new select card scroll adapter.
- SENSOR_RATE_uS - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.HeadScrollView
-
The sensor poll rate in microseconds.
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AudioCard
-
The Constant serialVersionUID.
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.Server
-
The Constant serialVersionUID.
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TextCard
-
The Constant serialVersionUID.
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TextElement
-
The Constant serialVersionUID.
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TMMCard
-
The Constant serialVersionUID.
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.VideoCard
-
The Constant serialVersionUID.
- Server - Class in com.google.android.glass.TMM
-
The Class Server.
- Server(String, String, long, long) - Constructor for class com.google.android.glass.TMM.Server
-
Instantiates a new server object.
- SERVER_API_INFO - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.DBManager
-
The JSON field identifier for the API info of the server item in the
database.
- SERVER_FIRST_USED - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.DBManager
-
The JSON field identifier for the time of first use of the JSON server
object from the database.
- SERVER_LAST_USED - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.DBManager
-
The JSON field identifier for the time of last use of the JSON server
object from the database.
- SERVER_NAME - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.DBManager
-
The JSON field identifier for the name of the JSON server object from the
database.
- setAnimatedCount(float) - Method in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- setAPI_info(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.Server
-
Sets the api info for this server.
- setAudioClip(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AudioCard
-
Sets the path to the audio file to play when the user interacts with this
card.
- setAudioClipName(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AudioCard
-
Sets the audio clip name.
- setBackground_name(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AudioCard
-
Sets the background_name.
- setBackgroundPath(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AudioCard
-
Sets the path to the background image for this card.
- setContents(ArrayList<TextElement>) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TextCard
-
Sets the contents of this card to the Arraylist of TextElements
specified.
- setContext(Context) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.VideoPlayer.myListener
-
Sets the context of this listener class.
- setCount(int) - Method in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- setFirst_used(long) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.Server
-
Sets the UNIX time of this server's first use by the app.
- setIconPath(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TextCard
-
Sets the path to the icon image file of the card.
- setId(int) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.Server
-
Sets the id of the server.
- setImg(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TextElement
-
Sets the image path of the source image for this element.
- setImgFilename(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TextElement
-
Sets the img filename.
- setLast_used(long) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.Server
-
Sets the UNIX time of this server's last use by the app.
- setLengthMillis(int) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AudioCard
-
Sets the length of the audioclip contained in this card.
- setLine1(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TextCard
-
Sets the topmost summary/subtitle line of text of the card.
- setLine2(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TextCard
-
Sets the middle summary/subtitle line of text of the card..
- setLine3(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TextCard
-
Sets the bottom summary/subtitle line of text of the card.
- setManualProgress(float) - Method in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- setManualProgress(float, boolean) - Method in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- setName(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.Server
-
Sets the server's name.
- setNetworkReachabilityManager(NetworkReachabilityManager) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AndroidContext
-
- setNetworkReachabilityManager(NetworkReachabilityManager) - Method in interface com.google.android.glass.TMM.Context
-
Override the default behavior and set your own NetworkReachabilityManager subclass,
which allows you to completely control how to respond to network reachability changes
in your app affects the replicators that are listening for change events.
- setNumPlays(int) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AudioCard
-
Sets the number of times that this clip has been played for this
Audiocard object.
- setPlayCount(int) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.VideoCard
-
Sets the play count of the video contained in the card.
- setPriority(int) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TMMCard
-
Sets the priority.
- setProportionalIndex(float) - Method in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- setProportionalIndex(float, int) - Method in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- setScale(float) - Method in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- setScreenshot(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.VideoCard
-
Sets the path of the screenshot image for the card.
- setScrenshotname(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.VideoCard
-
Sets the filename of the screenshot image.
- setSource(Server) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TMMCard
-
Sets the source object.
- setText(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TextElement
-
Sets the text contained in the textelement.This could be either a picture
caption or the full content of this textelement.
- setTitle(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TMMCard
-
Sets the title.
- setTransactionSuccessful() - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AndroidSQLiteStorageEngine
-
- setType(TextElement.Type) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TextElement
-
Sets the Type of this textelement, either IMAGE or TEXT.
- setuuId(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TMMCard
-
Sets the uuid of the card.
- setVersion(int) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AndroidSQLiteStorageEngine
-
- setYTtag(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.VideoCard
-
Sets the youtube ID tag of the video contained in the card.
- SHOW_HIDE_ANIMATION_DURATION_MILLIS - Static variable in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- showIndeterminateSlider(boolean) - Method in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- showSlider(boolean) - Method in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- slideableScale - Variable in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- slider - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.layout
-
- slider - Variable in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- slider_bar_height - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.dimen
-
- SLIDER_BAR_RESIZE_ANIMATION_DURATION_MILLIS - Static variable in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- slider_control - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.id
-
- slider_indeterminate - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.drawable
-
- sliderShowing - Variable in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- SliderView - Class in com.google.glass.widget
-
- SliderView(Context) - Constructor for class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- SliderView(Context, AttributeSet) - Constructor for class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- SliderView(Context, AttributeSet, int) - Constructor for class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- SOURCE - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.DBManager
-
The the JSON field identifier for the source server of the card JSON
document from the database.
- source - Variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.TMMCard
-
The source, A
Server
object with info about where this card came from
- speaker - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.drawable
-
- speaker_icon - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.id
-
- SQLiteCursorWrapper(android.database.Cursor) - Constructor for class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AndroidSQLiteStorageEngine.SQLiteCursorWrapper
-
- start_scan - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.string
-
- start_scan_item - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.id
-
- start_TMM - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.string
-
- startCardDownload(String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.ScanActivity
-
Start card download.
- startCBLListener(int) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.DBManager
-
Starts a local Couchbase lite NoSQL DB listening on the specified port.
- startDatabase(Manager, String) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.DBManager
-
Starts database.
- startIndeterminate() - Method in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- startListening() - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AndroidNetworkReachabilityManager
-
- startListening() - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.NetworkReachabilityManager
-
This method starts listening for network connectivity state changes.
- StartMenuActivity - Class in com.google.android.glass.TMM
-
Activity showing the options menu to start the application.
- StartMenuActivity() - Constructor for class com.google.android.glass.TMM.StartMenuActivity
-
- startProgress(long) - Method in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- startProgress(long, TimeInterpolator) - Method in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- startSync(boolean) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.DBManager
-
Starts the background synchronization of the local database in either one
or two directions.
- stat_icon - Variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AudioPlayer
-
Images displayed to the user
- state - Variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AndroidNetworkReachabilityManager
-
- State() - Constructor for enum com.google.android.glass.TMM.AndroidNetworkReachabilityManager.State
-
- status_icon - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.id
-
- stopIndeterminate() - Method in class com.google.glass.widget.SliderView
-
- stopListening() - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.AndroidNetworkReachabilityManager
-
- stopListening() - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.NetworkReachabilityManager
-
This method stops this class from listening for network changes.
- string() - Constructor for class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.string
-
- style() - Constructor for class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.style
-
- summary_1 - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.id
-
- summary_2 - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.id
-
- summary_3 - Static variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.R.id
-
- surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder, int, int, int) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.CameraPreview
-
- surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.CameraPreview
-
- surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder) - Method in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.CameraPreview
-
- synced - Variable in class com.google.android.glass.TMM.DBManager
-
Boolean flag used to indicate when the database has finished its
synchronization process with the master.


{# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. #}
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Mouse over the box below. The popup bubble should always remain within the box, and the arrow be pointing in one of the eight compass directions.
This tests the behaviour when there is a lot of text in the popup. When the mouse is near the middle of the box, the bubble cannot be accommodated completely within it. The arrow should again always point in one of the eight compass directions, and the bubble should never overlap the box horizontally, only vertically.
This tests the behaviour when there is so much text in the popup that it cannot be accommodated within the container at all. In this case the box should protrude outside the box vertically but not horizontally, and the arrow should slide along the edges of the box to fit it in as well as possible.
This is the same as the previous test, except that the box should protrude horizontally but not vertically.
This popup box should always point upwards.
This popup box should always point to the right.
This popup box should always point down.
This popup box should always point left.
This popup box should point right or left.
This popup should point within the smaller box.
This popup should have a black background and white text.
This popup should not cause the page to become horizontally scrollable. Making the window narrower and then clicking the button again should reposition the popup at the right of the window, without leaving any excess scrollable space to the right.
It should be possible to fullscreen an element of a popup, even if the popup is redrawn on window resize.
Hiding one popup should not affect others.


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By default, this extension is only enabled on bitbucket.org and atlassian.com. But you can add more hosts (i.e. self-hosted bitbucket servers) where to enable it. Make sure that the hosts you type follow the URLs match patterns for extensions


I am a senior at Arizona State University studying Computer Science expecting to graduate in May 2018. I am current working as an iOS Developer with Starbucks where I creating new features and resolve bugs within the app. Previously I was employed as a Big Data Intern with Western Digital where I worked with machine learning technologies such as, Spark, Flask, and Hive. I am also a leader for SWHacks where I have acted as the Food and Judging Coordinator. I enjoy building interesting products, and always looking for new technologies to learn about.
I am currently working as an iOS Engineering Intern with Starbucks. During my time with Starbucks I have been able to create features within the app using techologies such as CoreML and TouchID. I have also been able to be apart of redesigning old systems such as the search tools within the app. I have gained experience working with mobile application using Swift and other mobile technologies.
During summer of 2017 I worked with the Big Data Platform at Western Digital, using Spark, AWS, and machine learning algorithms to better analyize data. During my time at Western Digital I created a One Time Secret Instance and a URL Shortener web application to allow for easy and secure sharing for others within the company. I have also gained exposure to database technologies such as Redis, Hive, Impala and Hadoop, and used Jenkins, Maven, and Ansible, to deploy completed projects.
During my time with Ipro Tech I worked with the automation team creating tools that assist the company in development and customer support. We worked in an Agile/Scrum enviroment to communicate progress on various projects. I gained experience using source control, and using SOLID principles in order to assure well written code.
Taught kids object oriented principles, and basics to programing with Java. I gained valuable communication skills by break down complex and technical consepts so that they were easy to understand for people without a technical background. Learned how to use Git/Github in order to properly manage curriculum.
Completed Courses:
SWHacks is Arizona State University's first hackathon where I acted as the Food and Judging Coordinator. As Food Coordinator was responsible for scheduling meals and making decisions about what to serve for students attending. As Judging Coordinator I have been responsible with creating catagories for judging, finding and coordinating judges, and distribution of prizes.
View ProjectAs a group of four people we created an Amazon Alexa skill that allows for students to prepare for interviews by completing mock interviews with our skill. We wanted to create something that would be impactful to ourselves and peers and solve relevant issues. In this project we used Python, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create a front end were users can find recordings of past mock interviews and review their work and gain insight to their proformance. We emphasized the exclusion of a UI during the interview to ensure a realistic and immersive experience for the user.
I am always looking for new and interesting oppurtunies.
Feel free to contact me if you would like to chat.


Use the controls below to adjust the list for cards you already have and don't need to purchase.
Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon.com at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product. This prices do not include shipping.
We couldn't find matches for the following card names. For the best accuracy be sure to include the set abbreviation (i.e ROS, BKP, BKT, EVO) and the card number along with the name


Conference Tickets
Tickets for the conference are available to purchase below. We cannot wait to welcome you to the latest edition of the conference on October 21st at The Electric in Birmingham, UK. Conference ticket holders will have priority for the Hackathon tickets.


layout: true
--- class: center, middle # SRE with .NET => ( press > ) https://ignatandrei.github.io/Presentations/SRE_with_NETprez.html Code at https://ignatandrei.github.io/Presentations/SRE_with_NET.zip --- # Agenda 0. About me 1. SRE_with_NET : https://oschvr.com/posts/what-id-like-as-sre/ 2. How can I check the health of the service 2. How can I safely and gracefully restart the service 3. How and why would the service fail 4. Do you use appropriate logging levels depending on the environments ? 5. What kind of metrics are you exposing ? 6. Is there any documentation/design specification for the service ? 7. How does the data flow through the service ? 8. What is the testing coverage for this service ? 9. Links 7. Discussion / Questions ? --- class: top # About me ![:img ignat, 10%](ignat.jpg) Andrei Ignat http://msprogrammer.serviciipeweb.ro/ www.ASP.NET forum moderator YouTube 5 minutes .NET and tools : http://bit.ly/5MinTools Book Making Open Source Component : http://bit.ly/NetOpenSourceComponent Book Copy Paste from StackOverflow : https://amzn.to/2PQ8EDc Roslyn Source Code Generators with examples : Amazon: https://amzn.to/3f6gll3 Free: https://ignatandrei.github.io/RSCG_Examples/ Monthly meetings: https://www.meetup.com/Bucharest-A-D-C-E-S-Meetup/ --- class: top # How can I check the health of the service Q: Did you securely configured endpoints that I can ping periodically? Is it going to use the same port as the service ? A: https://github.com/Xabaril/AspNetCore.Diagnostics.HealthChecks Demo 1: http://localhost:5128/BlocklyAutomation/automation/loadexample/healthcheck You can add also sql server and more ... --- class: top # How can I safely and gracefully restart the service Q: Does graceful shutdowns wait for inflight requests to finish? If I restart the service, will there be any disruption or performance degradation? A: Shutdown -ok . Gracefull - not so ok . Maybe with a middleware ? --- class: top # How and why would the service fail Q: Does it has any external dependencies ? And what happens if it does ? Do you have a playbook, or sequence of steps, to bring the service back up? A: HealthCheck with Sql Server https://tiltwebapp.azurewebsites.net/healthchecks-ui --- class: top # Do you use appropriate logging levels depending on the environments ? Q: Are you logging to stdout ? What format of logs are you using, (JSON, PLAINTEXT)? A: NLog and NLOGConfig --- class: top # What kind of metrics are you exposing Q: Are you measuring the RED signals? Rate (# of requests per second) Errors (# of errors per second) and Duration (time each request takes) A: grafana, prometheus, azure instrumentation .... https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/app/asp-net-core?tabs=netcorenew%2Cnetcore6 --- class: top # Is there any documentation/design specification for the service ? Q: Are you using gRPC or REST ? How can I see the API contract? Do you have a OpenAPI/Swagger spec A: Swagger TBD : swagger to html --- class: top # How does the data flow through the service ? Q: Do you have any PII/Sensitive data flowing through the service? Is any part of the data captured in the service logs? A: Do not know.... --- class: top # What is the testing coverage ? Q: Do you wrote unit, integration tests for it? Is there a end to end test that I can run discard issues? A: (X|N|)Unit | MSTest Coverlet with ReportGenerator --- class: left, top # Questions? Andrei Ignat http://msprogrammer.serviciipeweb.ro/ www.ASP.NET forum moderator YouTube 5 minutes .NET and tools : http://bit.ly/5MinTools Book Making Open Source Component : http://bit.ly/NetOpenSourceComponent Book Copy Paste from StackOverflow : https://amzn.to/2PQ8EDc Roslyn Source Code Generators with examples : Amazon: https://amzn.to/3f6gll3 Free: https://ignatandrei.github.io/RSCG_Examples/ Monthly meetings: https://www.meetup.com/Bucharest-A-D-C-E-S-Meetup/


The Heartbreak Kid (Reviewed on Aug. 26th/1998)
Starring Charles Grodin, Cybill Sheppard, Eddie Albert
In "The Heartbreak Kid", Charles Grodin plays one of the most unbelievably obnoxious characters I've seen on screen in a long time. He's a guy who spends virtually the entire running time of the movie bullshitting his way from one situation to another. I doubt he ever expressed any genuine feeling at all during the film.
As the film opens, he has just gotten married, and is on the way to Miami Beach for his honeymoon. Halfway there, he begins to resent his bride. By the time he arrives at his hotel and has met the Cybill Sheppard character, he is ready to divorce his wife.
As played by Grodin, this character is the type of person that nothing will ever be good enough for him. The phrase "the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence" was practically written with him in mind. However, if he finds something he really wants, he will pursue it for as long as it takes. The only problem is, once he has it, he immediately loses interest. The end of "The Heartbreak Kid" is both hilarious and sad for that very reason.
Charles Grodin is at his smarmy best here, and Sheppard is quite appealing as the object of Grodin's desire. However, the real scene stealer is Jeannie Berlin, daughter of director Elaine May, as Grodin's whiny bride. She owns every scene that she's in, and makes you almost want to root for what the Grodin character is trying to do.
"The Heartbreak Kid" was written by Neil Simon and it shows. Simon loves to deconstruct and analyze human relationships, and he's at the top of his game here. As maddeningly obnoxious as the Grodin character is, he's the type of guy that everyone knows. The character of George Costanza on "Seinfeld" seems to have been modelled after him.
The only problem with the film is that it's not that funny, and it's billed as a comedy. As much as I could see the realism in the characters, it would have been nice to have a chuckle here and there.
"The Heartbreak Kid" is not a date movie. It has an extremely negative view of relationships, so seeing it with a girlfriend/boyfriend, could be hazardus to your health.
*** out of ****
-- David Nusair<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Come visit my "Reel Film Reviews" site! "http://chat.carleton.ca/~dnusair"
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


| expect_error {testthat} | R Documentation |
expect_error()
, expect_warning()
, expect_message()
, and
expect_condition()
check that code throws an error, warning, message,
or condition with a message that matches regexp
, or a class that inherits
from class
. See below for more details.
In the 3rd edition, these functions match a single condition. All
additional and non-matching (if regexp
or class
are used) conditions
will bubble up outside the expectation. If these additional conditions
are important you'll need to catch them with additional
expect_message()
/expect_warning()
calls; if they're unimportant you
can ignore with suppressMessages()
/suppressWarnings()
.
expect_error( object, regexp = NULL, class = NULL, ..., info = NULL, label = NULL ) expect_warning( object, regexp = NULL, class = NULL, ..., all = FALSE, info = NULL, label = NULL ) expect_message( object, regexp = NULL, class = NULL, ..., all = FALSE, info = NULL, label = NULL ) expect_condition( object, regexp = NULL, class = NULL, ..., info = NULL, label = NULL )
object |
Object to test. Supports limited unquoting to make it easier to generate readable failures within a function or for loop. See quasi_label for more details. |
regexp |
Regular expression to test against.
|
class |
Instead of supplying a regular expression, you can also supply a class name. This is useful for "classed" conditions. |
... |
Arguments passed on to
|
info |
Extra information to be included in the message. This argument is soft-deprecated and should not be used in new code. Instead see alternatives in quasi_label. |
label |
Used to customise failure messages. For expert use only. |
all |
DEPRECATED If you need to test multiple warnings/messages
you now need to use multiple calls to |
If regexp = NA
, the value of the first argument; otherwise
the captured condition.
message
vs class
When checking that code generates an error, it's important to check that the
error is the one you expect. There are two ways to do this. The first
way is the simplest: you just provide a regexp
that match some fragment
of the error message. This is easy, but fragile, because the test will
fail if the error message changes (even if its the same error).
A more robust way is to test for the class of the error, if it has one.
You can learn more about custom conditions at
https://adv-r.hadley.nz/conditions.html#custom-conditions, but in
short, errors are S3 classes and you can generate a custom class and check
for it using class
instead of regexp
.
If you are using expect_error()
to check that an error message is
formatted in such a way that it makes sense to a human, we recommend
using expect_snapshot()
instead.
Other expectations:
comparison-expectations
,
equality-expectations
,
expect_length()
,
expect_match()
,
expect_named()
,
expect_null()
,
expect_output()
,
expect_reference()
,
expect_silent()
,
inheritance-expectations
,
logical-expectations
# Errors ------------------------------------------------------------------ f <- function() stop("My error!") expect_error(f()) expect_error(f(), "My error!") # You can use the arguments of grepl to control the matching expect_error(f(), "my error!", ignore.case = TRUE) # Note that `expect_error()` returns the error object so you can test # its components if needed err <- expect_error(rlang::abort("a", n = 10)) expect_equal(err$n, 10) # Warnings ------------------------------------------------------------------ f <- function(x) { if (x < 0) { warning("*x* is already negative") return(x) } -x } expect_warning(f(-1)) expect_warning(f(-1), "already negative") expect_warning(f(1), NA) # To test message and output, store results to a variable expect_warning(out <- f(-1), "already negative") expect_equal(out, -1) # Messages ------------------------------------------------------------------ f <- function(x) { if (x < 0) { message("*x* is already negative") return(x) } -x } expect_message(f(-1)) expect_message(f(-1), "already negative") expect_message(f(1), NA)


|
Valkyrie Engine Common
|
2D geometric transform. More...
#include <Transform.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| Matrix3 | GetMatrix () const |
| brief Gets a transformation matrix representing this transform of this object in local space. | |
| ConstexprWrapper< Matrix3 > | GetMatrix (ConstexprWrapper< void >) const |
| brief Gets a transformation matrix representing this transform of this object in local space. More... | |
| Matrix3 | GetWorldMatrix () const |
| Gets a transformation matrix representing the transform of this object and all it's parent transforms in world space. | |
| ConstexprWrapper< Matrix3 > | GetWorldMatrix (ConstexprWrapper< void >) const |
| Gets a transformation matrix representing the transform of this object and all it's parent transforms in world space. More... | |
| const Transform2D * | GetParent () const |
Gets the current parent of this transform object, may be nullptr . | |
| void | SetParent (const Transform2D *tr) |
| Sets the parent of this transform. More... | |
| Vector2 | GetWorldTranslation () const |
| Gets the translation of this transform in world space. | |
| Float | GetWorldRotation () const |
| Gets the rotation of this transform in world space. | |
| ConstexprWrapper< Float > | GetWorldRotation (ConstexprWrapper< void >) const |
| Gets the rotation of this transform in world space. More... | |
| Vector2 | GetWorldScale () const |
| Gets the approximate scale of this transform in world space. | |
| ConstexprWrapper< Vector2 > | GetWorldScale (ConstexprWrapper< void >) const |
| Gets the approximate scale of this transform in world space. More... | |
2D geometric transform.
Combines a scale, rotation and translation into a single operation.
|
inline |
brief Gets a transformation matrix representing this transform of this object in local space.
|
inline |
Gets a transformation matrix representing the transform of this object and all it's parent transforms in world space.
|
inline |
Gets the rotation of this transform in world space.
|
inline |
Gets the approximate scale of this transform in world space.
|
inline |
Sets the parent of this transform.
| tr | The new parent of this transform or nullptr to remove the current parent. Additionally, this must not be equal to tr or any parent of tr . |
| std::runtime_error | If this is already a parent of tr . |


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Date of Departure:
Location Notes
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Locations Visited:
Location Name:
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-
This project is released under a permissive new BSD open source license and commercially usable. There is no warranty; not even for merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
-
In addition, you may use, copy, modify, and redistribute all artistic creative works (figures and images) included in this distribution under the directory according to the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (Computer-generated graphics such as the plots produced by matplotlib fall under the BSD license mentioned above).
new BSD License
New BSD License
Copyright (c) 2014-2020, Sebastian Raschka. All rights reserved.
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The Perl School brand has its roots in a series of low-cost Perl training courses that Dave Cross ran in 2012. By running low-cost training at the weekend, he hoped to encourage more programmers to keep their Perl knowledge up to date. These courses were run regularly for about a year before the idea was put on hold for a while.
Dave always knew that he would want to return to the Perl School brand at some point and late in 2017 he realised what the obvious next step was low-cost Perl books. He had already developed a pipeline for creating e-books from Markdown files so it was a short step to republishing some of his training materials as books.
The first Perl School book, Perl Taster was published at the end of 2017 (just in time for the London Perl Workshop). The second was Selenium and Perl and several more have followed since then.
If you are interested in writing a book for the Perl School range, then please get in touch. We are @perl_school on Twitter.
Dave Cross has been programming professionally since 1988 and using Perl since 1996. In that time he has used Perl as a glue language, for web development and as a general purpose programming language. He is the author of Data Munging with Perl (Manning, 2001) and a co-author of Perl Template Toolkit (O’Reilly, 2003). He has also written articles about Perl for The Perl Journal and Linux Format.
Dave has run training courses on Perl since 2001. He has run in-house courses for companies ranging from investment banks to dotcoms and he regularly runs public courses in London. He is often invited to give training courses alongside open source conferences like the UKUUG Spring Conference and the London Perl Workshop. He is a regular speaker at both Perl and open source conferences.
Dave has been heavily involved in the Perl community for many years. In 1998, he founded the London Perl Mongers, the first Perl Users’ Group in Europe and he lead the group for its first four years. He then became the International User Groups Co-ordinator for the Perl Foundation. In 2004 he was awarded a White Camel award for his services to the Perl community.
Dave owns and runs Magnum Solutions, an open source development consultancy based in London. The rumours about the gold-plated cats were never true.
Popular Perl author brian d foy shows you …
Dave Cross has been writing his Perl Hacks…
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one: "blocks/parent-append-stacked.html" one: "blocks/nested-extends-append-stacked.html" one: "nested-extends-append-stacked.html"


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Simple Cubic unit cell.
Use your fingers or mouse to control the model (hold
shift
key or use mouse wheel to zoom it). Canvas is matched to your browser window.
Crystal models
updated
15 Oct 2011


realFFTinfo(f_max, f_resolution, f_max_factor=5);
From the maximum interested frequency f_max (in [Hz]) and the frequency resolution f_resolution (in [Hz]) the function computes the key FFT data as used by the FFT blocks and prints them to the output window.
realFFTinfo(f_max=170, f_resolution=0.3)
results in the following output:
... Real FFT properties Desired: f_max = 170 Hz f_resolution = 0.3 Hz f_max_factor = 5 Calculated: Number of sample points = 5760 (= 2^7*3^2*5^1) Sampling frequency = 1728 Hz (= 0.3*5760) Sampling period = 0.000578704 s (= 1/1728) Maximum FFT frequency = 864 Hz (= 0.3*5760/2; f={0,0.3,0.6,...,864} Hz) Number of frequency points = 2881 (= 5760/2+1) Simulation time = 3.33275 s
realFFTsamplePoints, realFFT, realFFTwriteToFile
function realFFTinfo extends Modelica.Icons.Function; import Modelica.Utilities.Streams.print; input Modelica.SIunits.Frequency f_max "Maximum frequency"; input Modelica.SIunits.Frequency f_resolution "Frequency resolution"; input Integer f_max_factor(min = 1) = 5 "Maximum FFT frequency >= f_max*f_max_factor (sample frequency = 2*Maximum FFT Frequency)"; end realFFTinfo;
| Date | Description |
|---|---|
| Nov. 29, 2015 | Initial version implemented by Martin R. Kuhn and Martin Otter (DLR Institute of System Dynamics and Control. |


Software Engineer with more than 2 years of hands on experience in Web Application development. I have worked on complex web applications (TeamWave, Blackmonk) in CMS, Project management systems and CRM fields. All projects were developed using Python with other python based frameworks. I also enjoy participating in coding competitions -> profile
anush.dk@gmail.com