Zend Framework
LICENSE
This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled with this package in the file LICENSE.txt. It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL: http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>so we can send you a copy immediately.
__call(
string $method, array $args
)
:
mixed
Method overloading: call given method on first extension implementing it
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::__call()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $method | string | |
| $args | array |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| mixed |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Feed_Exception | if no extensions implements the method |
__construct(
)
:
void
Constructor: Primarily triggers the registration of core extensions and loads those appropriate to this data container.
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::__construct()_loadExtensions(
)
:
void
Load extensions from Zend_Feed_Writer
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::_loadExtensions()_validateTagUri(
string $id
)
:
bool
Validate a URI using the tag scheme (RFC 4151)
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::_validateTagUri()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $id | string |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| bool |
addAuthor(
$name, $email
=
null, $uri
=
null
)
:
string|null
Set a single author
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::addAuthor()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $name | ||
| $uri |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
addAuthors(
$authors
)
:
array
Set an array with feed authors
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::addAuthors()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $authors |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| array |
addCategories(
array $categories
)
:
void
Set an array of feed categories
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::addCategories()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $categories | array |
addCategory(
string $category
)
:
void
Add a feed category
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::addCategory()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $category | string |
addEntry(
\Zend_Feed_Writer_Entry $entry
)
:
void
Appends a Zend_Feed_Writer_Entry object representing a new entry/item the feed data container's internal group of entries.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $entry | \Zend_Feed_Writer_Entry |
addHub(
string $url
)
:
void
Add a Pubsubhubbub hub endpoint URL
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::addHub()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $url | string |
addHubs(
array $urls
)
:
void
Add Pubsubhubbub hub endpoint URLs
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::addHubs()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $urls | array |
addTombstone(
$deleted
)
:
void
Appends a Zend_Feed_Writer_Deleted object representing a new entry tombstone to the feed data container's internal group of entries.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $deleted |
count(
)
:
int
Get the number of feed entries.
Required by the Iterator interface.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| int |
createEntry(
)
:
\Zend_Feed_Writer_Entry
Creates a new Zend_Feed_Writer_Entry data container for use. This is NOT added to the current feed automatically, but is necessary to create a container with some initial values preset based on the current feed data.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Feed_Writer_Entry |
createTombstone(
)
:
\Zend_Feed_Writer_Deleted
Creates a new Zend_Feed_Writer_Deleted data container for use. This is NOT added to the current feed automatically, but is necessary to create a container with some initial values preset based on the current feed data.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Feed_Writer_Deleted |
current(
)
:
\Zend_Feed_Reader_Entry_Interface
Return the current entry
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| \Zend_Feed_Reader_Entry_Interface |
export(
string $type, bool $ignoreExceptions
=
false
)
:
string
Attempt to build and return the feed resulting from the data set
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $type | string | The feed type "rss" or "atom" to export as |
| $ignoreExceptions | bool |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| string |
getAuthor(
int $index
=
0
)
:
string|null
Get a single author
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getAuthor()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $index | int |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getAuthors(
)
:
array
Get an array with feed authors
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getAuthors()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| array |
getBaseUrl(
)
:
string|null
Get the feed's base url
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getBaseUrl()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getCategories(
)
:
string|null
Get the feed categories
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getCategories()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getCopyright(
)
:
string|null
Get the copyright entry
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getCopyright()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getDateCreated(
)
:
string|null
Get the feed creation date
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getDateCreated()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getDateModified(
)
:
string|null
Get the feed modification date
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getDateModified()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getDescription(
)
:
string|null
Get the feed description
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getDescription()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getEncoding(
)
:
string|null
Get the feed character encoding
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getEncoding()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getEntry(
int $index
=
0
)
:
void
Retrieve a specific indexed entry from the internal queue. Entries must be added to a feed container in order to be indexed.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $index | int |
getFeedLinks(
)
:
string|null
Get a link to the XML feed
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getFeedLinks()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getGenerator(
)
:
string|null
Get the feed generator entry
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getGenerator()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getHubs(
)
:
string|null
Get the URLs used as Pubsubhubbub hubs endpoints
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getHubs()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getIcon(
)
:
array
Get the feed icon URI
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getIcon()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| array |
getId(
)
:
string|null
Get the feed ID
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getId()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getImage(
)
:
array
Get the feed image URI
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getImage()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| array |
getLanguage(
)
:
string|null
Get the feed language
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getLanguage()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getLastBuildDate(
)
:
string|null
Get the feed last-build date
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getLastBuildDate()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getLink(
)
:
string|null
Get a link to the HTML source
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getLink()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getTitle(
)
:
string|null
Get the feed title
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getTitle()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
getType(
)
:
string
Retrieve the current or last feed type exported.
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::getType()| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| string | Value will be "rss" or "atom" |
orderByDate(
)
:
void
Orders all indexed entries by date, thus offering date ordered readable content where a parser (or Homo Sapien) ignores the generic rule that XML element order is irrelevant and has no intrinsic meaning.
Using this method will alter the original indexation.
remove(
string $name
)
:
void
Unset a specific data point
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::remove()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $name | string |
removeEntry(
int $index
)
:
void
Removes a specific indexed entry from the internal queue. Entries must be added to a feed container in order to be indexed.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $index | int |
reset(
)
:
void
Resets the instance and deletes all data
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::reset()setBaseUrl(
string $url
)
:
void
Set the feed's base URL
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setBaseUrl()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $url | string |
setCopyright(
$copyright
)
:
string|null
Set the copyright entry
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setCopyright()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $copyright |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
setDateCreated(
$date
=
null
)
:
void
Set the feed creation date
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setDateCreated()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $date | null|integer|Zend_Date |
setDateModified(
$date
=
null
)
:
void
Set the feed modification date
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setDateModified()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $date | null|integer|Zend_Date |
setDescription(
$description
)
:
string|null
Set the feed description
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setDescription()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $description |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
setEncoding(
string $encoding
)
:
void
Set the feed character encoding
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setEncoding()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $encoding | string |
setFeedLink(
$link, $type
)
:
string|null
Set a link to an XML feed for any feed type/version
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setFeedLink()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $link | ||
| $type |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
setGenerator(
$name, $version
=
null, $uri
=
null
)
:
string|null
Set the feed generator entry
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setGenerator()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $name | ||
| $version | ||
| $uri |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
setIcon(
array $data
)
:
void
Set a feed icon (URI at minimum). Parameter is a single array with the required key 'uri'. Only 'uri' is required and used for Atom rendering.
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setIcon()RSS does not support an Icon tag except via Atom 1.0 as an extension.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $data | array |
setId(
string $id
)
:
void
Set the feed ID - URI or URN (via PCRE pattern) supported
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setId()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $id | string |
setImage(
array $data
)
:
void
Set a feed image (URI at minimum). Parameter is a single array with the required key 'uri'. When rendering as RSS, the required keys are 'uri', 'title' and 'link'. RSS also specifies three optional parameters 'width', 'height' and 'description'. Only 'uri' is required and used for Atom rendering.
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setImage()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $data | array |
setLanguage(
$language
)
:
string|null
Set the feed language
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setLanguage()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $language |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
setLastBuildDate(
$date
=
null
)
:
void
Set the feed last-build date. Ignored for Atom 1.0.
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setLastBuildDate()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $date | null|integer|Zend_Date |
setLink(
string $link
)
:
void
Set a link to the HTML source
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setLink()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $link | string |
setTitle(
$title
)
:
string|null
Set the feed title
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setTitle()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $title |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| stringnull |
setType(
string $type
)
:
void
Set the current feed type being exported to "rss" or "atom". This allows other objects to gracefully choose whether to execute or not, depending on their appropriateness for the current type, e.g. renderers.
Inherited from: \Zend_Feed_Writer_Feed_FeedAbstract::setType()| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $type | string |


ANOTHER STAKEOUT A film review by James Berardinelli Copyright 1993 James Berardinelli
Rating: 8.7 out of 10 (A-, *** out of ****)
Date Released: 7/23/93 Running Length: 1:48 Rated: PG-13 (Language, mature themes, violence)
Starring: Richard Dreyfuss, Emilio Estevez, Rosie O'Donnell, Cathy Moriarty, Dennis Farina, Marcia Strassman Director: John Badham Producers: Jim Kouf, Cathleen Summers, Lynn Bigelow Screenplay: Jim Kouf Music: Arthur B. Rubinstein Released by Touchstone Pictures
The original STAKEOUT, directed by John Badham, came out in 1987, and was one of my favorite movies of the year. It was a film that skillfully blended its mixture of action and comedy into an entertaining whole. The chemistry between the three leads--Richard Dreyfuss' Chris, Emilio Estevez' Bill, and Madeleine Stowe's Maria--was as good as it comes in movies. STAKEOUT ended up being more than just another cop/buddy film.
Now, six years later, John Badham is back along with Dreyfuss and Estevez (and the entire production team, including the writer, Jim Kouf, and the score composer, Arthur B. Rubinstein). The relationship between Chris and Bill hasn't changed much over six years, and neither has the mingling of action and humor. This time, Chris and Bill, along with Rosie O'Donnell's assistant DA, are looking for a witness on the run who's going to testify against the mob. Posing as a family, they move into a house next to the couple with whom contact may or may not be initiated. Another stakeout is under way.
When I first received the credit list for this movie, I skimmed through it to see who from the original would be returning. Much to my chagrin, Madeleine Stowe's name did not appear. This, in my opinion, was a huge mistake. While Estevez and Dreyfuss worked well together, it was the inclusion of Maria's character that lent an extra spark to the movie. It was hard to imagine how a STAKEOUT movie could function well without her.
Fortunately, however, Stowe's Maria is present in ANOTHER STAKEOUT, albeit in an uncredited performance. It's more than a cameo, however. She's in four scenes and has more screen time than at least two of the actors whose names appear in the opening credits (Dan Lauria and Sharon Maughan). And yes, her scenes with Dreyfuss are still as well-played as ever. She may not have a major role in this installment, but her inclusion is an especially nice tip of the cap to continuity and what made the original movie effective. Now, on to what makes this film work.
If done together well, comedy and action can make an excellent pairing. This has been proven many times, most notably in LETHAL WEAPON and the original STAKEOUT. It is evident here. If anything, this movie leans more towards outright humor than the first, and the action is consequently toned down. More importantly, ANOTHER STAKEOUT doesn't try to copy the first. The scenario is entirely different, as are the gags and the tempo.
The inclusion of Rosie O'Donnell, comedienne-turned-actress, is a brilliant move. Without her presence, this movie wouldn't have worked nearly as well. She forms a quick rapport with Bill and Chris (of the love/hate variety), and the movie is off and running. O'Donnell is rapidly making an name for herself, and with good reason. Unlike Rita Rudner, another veteran of the stand-up routine who is venturing into movies, O'Donnell can act.
Dreyfuss is as solid as ever, and seems to genuinely enjoy playing Chris. He steals a fair number of scenes, but that's true of almost any movie that he has a part in. Emilio Estevez, never one of my favorite actors, does a decent job. He's much better in the scenes he shares with Dreyfuss than those he has to carry on his own. Of course, that's not a big surprise.
Miguel Ferrer is not as charismatic or successful a villain as Aidan Quinn (whose performance as Maria's escaped convict ex-boyfriend galvanized STAKEOUT), but he's good enough for the purposes of this movie. Dan Lauria is on hand again, reprising his role, although in the interim spanning the two films, his character has gotten promoted to chief, and he's just itching to find some way to stick it to his two least-favorite detectives.
 There's a lot of highly amusing (bordering on hilarious) humor, and the action scenes are handled with an eye for pacing and tension. If people find this gem in the midst of so many bigger name motion pictures, this is likely to be a huge crowd- pleaser. Because of the uncertainty of whether it will be noticed, I question the wisdom of releasing ANOTHER STAKEOUT at this time. Perhaps, like FOR LOVE OR MONEY, it should have been put off to the autumn.
In general, I don't think the second STAKEOUT is as good as the first, but it is a worthy successor. Since virtually everyone involved in the 1987 picture is back for this one, the sense of continuity is seamless, both in big and little things. More importantly, because it actually has an entertaining story to tell, this is not one of the ever-growing number of sequels that should never have been made. Fans of the original movie will almost certainly be happy with ANOTHER STAKEOUT, and those that didn't see it won't be lost. This movie is well worth a look. It's one of the summer's best at providing unfettered enjoyment.
- James Berardinelli<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Graphs of an ontology provide hints about structural problems. In some cases, the graphing algorithm detects structural problems directly.
The ontology below defines a plan for handling a "customer transfer" at an energy utility. The customer is moving from an old residence to a new residence.
--- Task: Move customer to new-residence. Post: All customer-accounts are forwarded and new energy-services started. Pre: . Old customer-accounts are forwarded to new-billing-address. . Energy-services at new-address are started. . Energy-services at old-address are re-assigned. Actions: . None. (The task frame serves to define a compound condition.) --- Task: Forward old customer-accounts to customer's new-billing-address. Post: Old customer-accounts are forwarded to new-billing-address. Pre: . Customer has moved-in at new billing-address. [Signal from Customer] . (We expect the customer to call us when they move in?) Action: . Billing: Change to new-billing-address for all the customer's customer-accounts. --- Role: Billing. Action: Change to new-billing-address for all the customer's customer-accounts. . For each of the customer's customer-accounts: . . Change customer-account billing-address to new-billing-address. --- Task: Start the energy-services at the customer's new-address. Post: Energy-services at new-address are started. Pre: . Customer has possession at new-address. [Signal from Customer.] . Customer has met deposit requirements. [Signal from payments.] . Energy-services requested by the customer are all installed. Actions: . Field: Start requested energy-services at new-address. --- Task: Install or prove requested energy-services. Post: Energy-services requested by the customer are all installed. Pre: . Gas-energy-service installed at new-residence. . Electric-energy-service installed at new-residence. . Interruptible-electric-energy-service installed at new-residence. . (Note: One or more of these energy-services may already exist.) . (In that case, we will find the historic event in the world-base.) . (LOGIC ERROR: What if they don't want interruptible energy-service?) Action: . None. --- Task: Install energy-service at residence. Post: Energy-service installed at residence. (Should match pre-conditions above.) Pre: . None. . (Only come here when the condition has not already been satisfied by a pre-existing installation.) Action: . Workflow: Install new energy-service at location. --- Dictionary: Energy-service types. . Gas-energy-service is an energy-service. . Electric-energy-service is an energy-service. . Interruptible-electric-energy-service is an energy-service. --- Dictionary: Location names. . New-billing-address is an billing-address. . Billing-address is an address. . New-residence is a residence. . Old-residence is a residence. . A residence has an address. . New-address is synonym for new-residence. . An address has a premise-line. . Premise-line attributes include number, street-direction, street-name, apartment. . An address has a city-line. . City-line attributes include city, state-province, postal-code, nation. --- Dictionary: Customer role. . Customer is a role. . A role has a party. . A role has a business-process. . A party has a name. . An organization is a party. . An energy-service attributes include energy-service-type, energy-service-capacity. . energy-service-capacity is a category. . energy-service-capacity categories include kW, mW, ccf. . energy-service-type categories include electric, interruptible-electric, yard-light, street-light, gas. . A home-protection-plan is a energy-service. . A home-security-energy-service is a energy-service. . Customer-account is an account. . A customer-account has a customer. . A customer-account has a billing-address. . A customer-account has a balance. . A customer-account has a deposit. . A customer-account has an invoice-history. . A customer-account has a payment-history. . An invoice-history is a history. . A payment-history is a history. . A residence has an address. . A residence contains a collection of energy-services. . A balance is money. . A deposit is money. --- Dictionary: Work-Order. . A transfer-work-order attributes include old-residence, new-residence, old-billing-address, new-billing-address, customer-account, old-residence-stop-date, new-residence-start-date. . Old-billing-address is a billing-address. --- Role: Billing. Action: Change the billing-address for all the customer's customer-accounts. . For each of the customer's accounts: . . Change billing-address to new-address. --- Role: Work-flow. Action: Install new energy-service at location. . Call-center: Make an appointment for the installation of new energy-service. . Field: Dispatch crew to install new energy-service at time of appointment. --- Role: Field. Action: Dispatch field-worker to turn-on the energy-service at time of appointment. . Dispatcher: Find nearest available field-worker with turn-on capability just prior to the appointment start-time. . Dispatcher: Confirm field-worker availability. . Field-Worker: Turn-on energy-service per appointment. ---
The plan tree diagram shows the structure of the task frames. The arrows indicate precedence relations. White boxes indicate task frames by their post-conditions. Green boxes indicate signals which enable pre-conditions without any work being done by the agents in this plan. (The work might be done elsewhere.) Elipse nodes indicate the roles specified in task frame action statements. Blue-edge boxes down-stream from the role nodes indicate action statements that may be assigned to agents assigned to that role. Statements that are down-stream from the action statements are instructions to the agent.
In this case, the graphing algorithm has detected a missing task frame.
The data flow diagram shows the flow of data through the task frames to the agents. The basic idea is that task frame statements should be sufficient to convey data by instantiating the nouns to the real world instances. Although Simple English allows information to be drawn from the context (example: session) in which the plan is running, relying on this feature is not really a good idea. It can cause mistakes much as it would in a person-to-person communication.
In this case, the graphing algorithm has detected a cycle in the plan tree. It actually took some time to discover the cause of the cycle that was detected. You cannot see it in the graph, but it turns out that the cycle is due to a relatively subtle problem with the interpreter's handling of supertypes.
The collection of nouns that flow to the agents (on the blue arrows) indicates the data that is required to execute the plan. Red nouns (if any) are part of the agent's vocabulary but do not appear to be instantiated in the plan.
We need to be aware of super-types in this context. A domain word might be red (lacking an instantiation) because it is a supertype. A domain word might also be red (in the current graph algorithm) because it is in a role-action statement that has no calls in the plan.
The graph of word relations shows super-type and attribute relations. Super-type relations are indicated by blue lines with arrow heads. Attribute relations are indicated by green lines with circle heads. Nouns with a blue font are "primatives". The system has built-in knowledge of primative types.
This algorithm still needs some work. The results are not correct yet. But this example is sufficient to indicate the intent.
Consider the tree starting with "transfer-work-order". The "transfer-work-order" entry in the ontology is contrived. It represents a data entry device. It forces the aggregation of data that might otherwise be automatically derived from the nouns present in the plan tree plus their super-type and attribute relationships. We can generate a form that is equivalent to the tree rooted at "transfer-work-order". See: Transfer Form.
The preceding "Data Flow" section shows the data flowing from the plan's task frames to the agents. The collection of nouns that flow to the agents (on the blue arrows) indicates the data that is required to execute the plan.
Graph Acknowledgements
The preceding graphs are generated in the "dot" notation
by relatively simple programs written in Squeak Smalltalk
and rendered to SVG using GraphViz.
|


Harold Shen
Project Portfolio
Harold is a undergraduate student at UC San Diego studying computer science. His goal is to eventuall work in artificial intelligence
and build AI for in game NPCs (non playable characters). In his freetime, he enjoys traveling and listening to music.
Projects
- Machine learning to implement Texas Holdem Poker AI
- Career app for analyzing best route to meet the most recruiters in the least time
- A review website for games that compiles user reviews in a format similar to yelp, while also pulling
professional reviews from other websites
- ...


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--- title: "Crop-weed competition in additive design" author: - Maxwel C Oliveira - Rodrigo Werle date: 2019-12-13T21:13:14-05:00 categories: ["Data Analysis"] tags: ["weed competition", "plot", "regression"] ---
Crop–weed competition is extensively studied in weed science. The additive design, in which weed density varies and the crop density is kept constant, is the most commonly utilized design in plant competition studies. The additive design is important to calculate economic weed thresholds and improve weed control decision-making.
R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
RStudio is an integrated development environment for R, a programming language for statistical computing and graphics.
The saved file will have an R project and you should copy and paste all your raw data (excel file) in the same work directory (folder).
or
Although I like working within R markdown, R script is easier to work with in R studio.
In order to accomplish this exercise, you will need to install the following R packages:
install.packages(nlstools)
install.packages(AICcmodavg)
install.packages(broom)
install.packages("tidyverse")
install.packages("RCurl")
Run all codes below by clicking in the Run option in the top right corner of you R script or R markdown. These codes will install the necessary packages for analyzing the weed competition experiment. Once you install these packages you will not need to install them every time you work in Rstudio, unless you update R or Rstudio.
library(tidyverse)
library(RCurl)
The data used for the exercise is from a published manuscript of Commelina benghalensis and Richardia brasiliensis competition in corn.
Run the following codes below to load the data into R:
df_path <- url("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openweedsci/data/master/posts/additive.csv")
DMT <- read_csv(df_path)
##
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## cols(
## block = col_double(),
## treat = col_double(),
## densitycrop = col_double(),
## densityweed = col_double(),
## biomass = col_double(),
## yl = col_double(),
## weed = col_double()
## )
After running the codes above, the data should appear as DMT (“DMT” was chosen as the name of the dataset; you could have called it “data” or something else). In the spreadsheet, weeds are named 1 (C. benghalensis) and 2 (R. brasiliensis), and desity of weeds varies from 0 to 4 plants per plot, and response variable is yl (% yield loss).
 \(I\) represents the slope of \(Y\) (yield loss) when \(x\) (weed density) approximate zero. Also, \(A\) is the asymptote or maximum expected yield loss (%).
Full is a user-defined name that will contain all information about the fitted model generated by nls (nonlinear least squares) function. The start is used to estimate values of parameter \(I\) and \(A\) for the model. Parameters can determine from visual inspection of the data set (plotting data and observing trends). The brackets [weed] for each parameter in the equation tell R to estimate a parameter for each weed species (4 parameters).
nls function
Full = nls(yl ~ (I[weed]*densityweed)/(1+(I[weed]/A[weed])*densityweed), data=DMT,
start=list(I=c(60,30), A=c(80,60)), trace=T)
The summary command provides the estimated parameters \(I\) and \(A\) for each weed species, Commelina benghalensis (species 1) and Richardia brasiliensis (species 2).
summary(Full)
##
## Formula: yl ~ (I[weed] * densityweed)/(1 + (I[weed]/A[weed]) * densityweed)
##
## Parameters:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## I1 210.23 88.55 2.374 0.02304 *
## I2 50.25 22.64 2.220 0.03280 *
## A1 108.56 11.15 9.740 1.25e-11 ***
## A2 82.07 23.06 3.559 0.00107 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 14 on 36 degrees of freedom
##
## Number of iterations to convergence: 4
## Achieved convergence tolerance: 3.438e-06
Red.1 is a user-defined name that will contain information about the first reduced model generated by the nls function. Notice that we do not include bracket [weed] after each parameter \(I\) and \(A\). In this case, we are combining parameter \(I\) and \(A\) for both weed species. We hypothesize that a single parameter \(I\) and \(A\) for both species is enough to describe the crop-weed relationship (e.g., no difference of \(I\) and \(A\) between species).
Red.1 = nls(yl ~ (I*densityweed)/(1+(I/A)*densityweed), data=DMT,
start=list(I=40, A=80), trace=T)
This command provides the estimated parameters \(I\) and \(A\) for both weed species combined.
summary(Red.1)
##
## Formula: yl ~ (I * densityweed)/(1 + (I/A) * densityweed)
##
## Parameters:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## I 114.55 55.93 2.048 0.0475 *
## A 92.62 15.93 5.814 1.02e-06 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 22.78 on 38 degrees of freedom
##
## Number of iterations to convergence: 4
## Achieved convergence tolerance: 7.759e-07
Hypothesis testing using ANOVA. We test this hypothesis using the Full model (\(I\) and \(A\) for each species) to compare with Red.1 (single \(I\) and \(A\) for both species). If P-value>0.05, models are similar; therefore we should use the Red.1 model, which means that the simplest model (Red.1) is appropriate to describe crop-weed relationship. If not we should proceed to the next hypothesis.
anova function
anova(Full, Red.1)
## Analysis of Variance Table
##
## Model 1: yl ~ (I[weed] * densityweed)/(1 + (I[weed]/A[weed]) * densityweed)
## Model 2: yl ~ (I * densityweed)/(1 + (I/A) * densityweed)
## Res.Df Res.Sum Sq Df Sum Sq F value Pr(>F)
## 1 36 7056.7
## 2 38 19715.8 -2 -12659 32.29 9.293e-09 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
The F-test showed P<0.05. Therefore the Red.1 model is not appropriate to describe the crop-weed relationship.
Red.2 is a user-defined name that will contain information about the second reduced model generated by the nls function. Notice that the bracket [weed] is after the parameter \(A\) only, which means that we are testing a hypothesis of single parameter \(I\), but different \(A\) for the species.
Red.2 = nls(yl ~ (I*densityweed)/(1+(I/A[weed])*densityweed), data=DMT,
start=list(I=60, A=c(80,60)), trace=T)
This command provides the estimated parameters \(I\) for both weed species and \(A\) for each weed species.
summary(Red.2)
##
## Formula: yl ~ (I * densityweed)/(1 + (I/A[weed]) * densityweed)
##
## Parameters:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## I 163.850 56.984 2.875 0.00666 **
## A1 115.285 12.779 9.021 7.03e-11 ***
## A2 56.077 5.714 9.813 7.65e-12 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 14.58 on 37 degrees of freedom
##
## Number of iterations to convergence: 6
## Achieved convergence tolerance: 5.504e-06
Hypothesis testing using F-test. We are using the Full model (separated I and \(A\) for each species) to compare with Red.2 (single \(I\) and different \(A\) for both species). If P-value>0.05, models are similar; therefore, we should use the Red.2 model, which means that the simplest model (Red.2) is appropriate to describe crop-weed relationship. If not we should proceed to the next hypothesis.
anova(Full, Red.2)
## Analysis of Variance Table
##
## Model 1: yl ~ (I[weed] * densityweed)/(1 + (I[weed]/A[weed]) * densityweed)
## Model 2: yl ~ (I * densityweed)/(1 + (I/A[weed]) * densityweed)
## Res.Df Res.Sum Sq Df Sum Sq F value Pr(>F)
## 1 36 7056.7
## 2 37 7864.6 -1 -807.88 4.1214 0.04978 *
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
The F-test showed P<0.05. Therefore the Red.2 model is not appropriate to describe the crop-weed relationship.
Red.3 is a user-defined name that will contain information about the third reduced model generated by the nls function. Notice that the bracket [weed] is after the parameter \(I\) only, which means that we are testing a hypothesis of different parameter \(I\), but single parameter \(A\) for the species.
Red.3 = nls(yl ~ (I[weed]*densityweed)/(1+(I[weed]/A)*densityweed), data=DMT,
start=list(I=c(30,30), A=70), trace=T)
This command provides the estimated parameters \(I\) for each weed species and \(A\) for both weed species.
summary(Red.3)
##
## Formula: yl ~ (I[weed] * densityweed)/(1 + (I[weed]/A) * densityweed)
##
## Parameters:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## I1 228.357 100.178 2.280 0.0285 *
## I2 37.000 6.196 5.972 6.85e-07 ***
## A 106.170 10.318 10.289 2.10e-12 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 13.95 on 37 degrees of freedom
##
## Number of iterations to convergence: 7
## Achieved convergence tolerance: 1.144e-06
Hypothesis testing using F-test. We are using the Full model (separated \(I\) and \(A\) for each species) to compare with Red.3 (different \(I\) and single \(A\) for both species). If P-value>0.05, models are similar; therefore we should use the Red.3 model, which means that the simplest model (Red.3) is appropriate to describe the crop-weed relationship.
anova(Full, Red.3)
## Analysis of Variance Table
##
## Model 1: yl ~ (I[weed] * densityweed)/(1 + (I[weed]/A[weed]) * densityweed)
## Model 2: yl ~ (I[weed] * densityweed)/(1 + (I[weed]/A) * densityweed)
## Res.Df Res.Sum Sq Df Sum Sq F value Pr(>F)
## 1 36 7056.7
## 2 37 7200.0 -1 -143.35 0.7313 0.3981
Results showed that P >0.05. Therefore, the Full model can be simplified to Red.3 model.
The command par is used to define the plot size. The command plot and lines are used to generate the figure, and the averaged points of yield loss at each density (Fig. 5). The command subset is adding each weed species separately in the plot (weed 1) and lines (weed 2).
The x is a user-defined name; it will contain the x-axis sequence of the data set. weed1 and weed2 is also a user-defined name, and this is the equation with the previous parameter estimates \(I\) and \(A\) estimated from Red.3 model using the nls function. Notice that the parameters estimated in Red.3 model were inserted in the rectangular hyperbola model for each weed species (Figure 1).
The command lines will insert the previous equation into the plot. Command lty, lwd, and col define the line type, size, and color, respectively.
The command legend will add the legend to the plot area.
par(mar=c(5,6,2,2), mgp=c(3,1.5,0))
plot(yl~densityweed, data=DMT, subset = weed =="1", pch=16, cex=1, las=1,
xlab=expression("Weed Density (plants pot"^-1*")"), ylim=c(-10,110),
ylab = "Yield Loss (%)", cex.axis=1, cex.lab=1)
lines(yl~densityweed, type="p",data=DMT, subset = weed =="2", col=2, cex=1, pch=1)
x=seq(0,4,0.25)
weed1=(228.357*x)/(1+(228.357/106.170)*x)
weed2=(37.000*x)/(1+(37.000/106.170)*x)
lines(x,weed1, lty=1, lwd=1, col=1)
lines(x,weed2, lty=3, lwd=1, col=2)
legend("bottomright", legend=c("C. benghalensis", "R. brasiliensis"), text.font = 3,
col=c(1,2), pch= c(16,1), lty=c(1,3), lwd= c(1,1), bty="n", cex=1)
The package ggplot2 (whithin tidyverse), an excellent package for producing high-quality figures in Rstudio.
DMT$weed<-factor(DMT$weed, levels=c("1", "2"),
labels=c("Commelina benghalensis",
"Richardia brasiliensis"))
Red.3 = nls(yl ~ (I[weed]*densityweed)/(1+(I[weed]/A)*densityweed), data=DMT,
start=list(I=c(30,30), A=70), trace=T)
## 53764.77 : 30 30 70
## 26821.46 : 128.12346 55.66148 65.14150
## 13779.51 : 265.38910 15.43032 100.87497
## 7506.945 : 205.09965 30.83279 107.29119
## 7203.363 : 225.88449 36.30998 106.26798
## 7200.048 : 228.19527 36.97054 106.19148
## 7200.044 : 228.35524 36.99872 106.17039
## 7200.044 : 228.35703 36.99971 106.16982
summary(Red.3)
##
## Formula: yl ~ (I[weed] * densityweed)/(1 + (I[weed]/A) * densityweed)
##
## Parameters:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## I1 228.357 100.178 2.280 0.0285 *
## I2 37.000 6.196 5.972 6.85e-07 ***
## A 106.170 10.318 10.289 2.10e-12 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 13.95 on 37 degrees of freedom
##
## Number of iterations to convergence: 7
## Achieved convergence tolerance: 1.144e-06
nd1 = data.frame(densityweed=seq(0, 4, 0.01), weed="Commelina benghalensis")
nd2 = data.frame(densityweed=seq(0, 4, 0.01), weed="Richardia brasiliensis")
nd = rbind(nd1, nd2) %>%
mutate(weed = as.factor(weed))
pred<- augment(Red.3, newdata=nd)
ggplot(DMT, aes(x=densityweed, y=yl, color=weed)) + geom_point(shape=1, size=3) +
geom_line(data = pred, size=1.3, aes(x=densityweed, linetype=weed, y=.fitted)) +
labs(fill="", y="Yield loss (%)",
x=expression(bold(paste("Weed density (plants pot"^"-2",")")))) +
scale_colour_manual(values = c("red", "black"))+
scale_y_continuous(limits=c(-25,110), breaks = c(-25,0,25,50,75,100)) +
theme(axis.text=element_text(size=15, color="black"),
axis.title=element_text(size=17,face="bold"),
panel.background = element_rect(fill="white", color = "white"),
panel.grid.major = element_line(color = "white"),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
panel.border = element_rect(fill=NA,color="black", size=0.5,
linetype="solid"), legend.position=c(0.7,0.15),
legend.text = element_text(size = 12, colour = "black", face="italic"),
legend.key = element_rect(fill=NA), legend.key.height = unit(1.5, "line"),
legend.key.width = unit(2.2, "line"),
legend.background = element_rect(fill =NA), legend.title=element_blank())
Notice that the figure is created with Red.3 model (rectangular hyperbola model) using ggplot2 package (Figure 2). This is the Fig. 5 published in the manuscript Additive design: the concept and data analysis.
According to the AICc criterion, the top model has the lowest AICc value. The AICc calculation can be simplified using R, the first step is loading the package AICcmodavg.
library(broom)
library(AICcmodavg)
The four candidate models using the rectangular hyperbola are compared using AICc.
cand.mods<- list(Full, Red.1, Red.2, Red.3)
Modnames<- c('Full',' Red.1',' Red.2',' Red.3')
aictab(cand.set = cand.mods,modnames = Modnames, sort = TRUE)
##
## Model selection based on AICc:
##
## K AICc Delta_AICc AICcWt Cum.Wt LL
## Red.3 4 330.38 0.00 0.64 0.64 -160.62
## Full 5 332.19 1.82 0.26 0.89 -160.21
## Red.2 4 333.91 3.53 0.11 1.00 -162.38
## Red.1 3 368.19 37.82 0.00 1.00 -180.76
Root mean square error (RMSE) for goodness of fit of the top model (Red.3) selected.
mse <- mean(residuals(Red.3)^2/df.residual(Red.3))
rmse <- sqrt(mse)
rmse
## [1] 2.205651
It is needed the package nlstools and the command confint2 to obtain the 95% confidence intervals for parameters \(I\) and \(A\) for the Red.3.
library(nlstools)
confint2(Red.3, level=0.95)
## 2.5 % 97.5 %
## I1 25.37778 431.33628
## I2 24.44635 49.55307
## A 85.26278 127.07685
Here we demonstrate how to set an upper limit to parameter \(A\) of Red.3 model. Notice that we have to add alg=“port” and upper command to the function. The upper command has three numbers, the first two set a limit of 10000 to parameter \(I\) of R. brasiliensis and C. benghalensis. The last upper number set a limit \(A\)=100%, which will lock the upper limit to a biologically meaningful value.
Red.3_lim = nls(yl ~ (I[weed]*densityweed)/(1+(I[weed]/A)*densityweed), data=DMT,
start=list(I=c(30,30), A=70), alg="port",
upper=c(10000, 10000, 100), trace=T)
## 0: 26882.386: 30.0000 30.0000 70.0000
## 1: 18178.029: 42.8369 32.3788 84.6203
## 2: 6263.6597: 102.843 37.2539 100.000
## 3: 4270.9222: 165.478 39.1160 100.000
## 4: 3745.8945: 228.173 39.3120 100.000
## 5: 3641.7888: 285.567 39.3210 100.000
## 6: 3640.0157: 296.138 39.3212 100.000
## 7: 3640.0156: 296.037 39.3212 100.000
## 8: 3640.0156: 296.041 39.3212 100.000
summary(Red.3_lim)
##
## Formula: yl ~ (I[weed] * densityweed)/(1 + (I[weed]/A) * densityweed)
##
## Parameters:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## I1 296.041 163.899 1.806 0.079 .
## I2 39.321 6.983 5.631 1.98e-06 ***
## A 100.000 9.337 10.710 6.85e-13 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 14.03 on 37 degrees of freedom
##
## Algorithm "port", convergence message: relative convergence (4)
Fit the rectangular hyperbola model with nls (nonlinear least squares) function
In the model, use brackets [weed] to generate parameters for each weed species
Fit a Full and Reduced models and compare them with anova funcion
Use RMSE to check the model goodness of fit
Create a figure using plot or ggplot function


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Below is every song in my music library mapped over the time I uploaded it to my library. It's placed vertically based on its BPM (tempo).
You can see vague horizontal lines around the more popular BPMs (128, 130, 140, 150, and 160). The line is especially prominent in 2011-2014 around 140 BPM mark, probably due to the big rise in dubstep around that time. The blob in the beginning of 2011 around the 125-132 BPM range shows my discovery of progressive house. And near the end of the timeline, you can see I get more interested in the 150 BPM trap-style songs.
I'm pretty sure I started collecting around 2005, but I think when I changed computers mid-2010, a lot of songs picked up that 2010 upload date, hence the thick line there. You can also see when I was computer-less for a couple months in 2015. And lastly, you can see I started downloading much more frequently starting mid-2016 when I moved to Boulder and started DJing more.


--- author: Steve Gill categories: app date: '2011-03-25 18:06:18' permalink: /2011/03/25/phonegap-tech-talk-at-facebook-hq/ slug: phonegap-tech-talk-at-facebook-hq status: publish title: PhoneGap Tech Talk at Facebook HQ type: post format: html ---
Hey Everyone,
On Thursday, March 31st at 7:00pm PST, Facebook is hosting a PhoneGap tech talk at there headquarters and live streaming online. Brian Leroux will be presenting and will do a overview of PhoneGap and show some cross platform demos.
Check it out and RSVP on the Facebook event page at https://www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=191478314220585.
Cheers,
-Steve @StevenGill97


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MWT_dataset_compilation_SAMPLE
Metadata:
- Identification_Information:
-
- Citation:
-
- Citation_Information:
-
- Originator: auut studio is the editor of this compilation of data from public sources
- Publication_Date: 20180830
- Title: MonroeWorkToday Dataset Compilation (sample)
- Edition: 1.0
- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: non-spatial table of values
- Series_Information:
-
- Series_Name: MonroeWorkToday_Dataset_Compilation
- Issue_Identification: version 1.0 (2017)
-
- Publication_Information:
-
- Publication_Place: San Francisco, California, USA
- Publisher: auut studio
- Online_Linkage: <http://www.monroeworktoday.org/download.html>
- Description:
-
- Abstract:
-
This document serves as the metadata for the table MWT_dataset_compilation_SAMPLE.csv, which contains 119 arbitrary records from the MonroeWorkToday Dataset Compilation (version 1.1). This particular sample includes several records from Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and Illinois. The full dataset attempts to document one observation for each victim of a lynching, race riot, or semantically similar mob violence in the United States from 1803-2011. Geographic coverage before 1882 is known to be inferior to the rest of the data.
The data for the MonroeWorkToday Dataset Compilation originated with the historic record-keeping of Tuskegee Institute, conducted in the early 1900s by its Director of Records and Research, Mr. Monroe Nathan Work. These lynching records are currently stored in Box 132 at the Tuskegee University Archives. These records were merged by auut studio with the Tolnay & Beck inventory of lynchings [1995 database] in a manual process to integrate all its additions and corrected information for the ten Southern States. The data assembly was then repeated for 62 more scholarly sources in order to include research published 1995 to 2015, including: lynching studies of other US states, narrative accounts mentioned in books, as well as academic journal articles that consider Sicilian-Americans, Chinese-Americans, Mexican-Americans, and others. Each new source was integrated by hand to prevent the duplication of records.
Extreme effort was taken by auut studio to stitch together these sources carefully under the following guiding principle: more recent, geographically-specific, or updated studies are allowed to correct the details given in a source that is older, more general, or was less confident of its own assessment.
In addition, auut studio labeled each observation with a code to represent the historical county in which the source author identified for the event. The codes for these historical counties, some of which are now extinct, follows the schema of the Atlas of Historical County Boundaries <http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/>.
- Purpose:
-
This file provides 119 arbitrary records from the MonroeWorkToday Dataset Compilation (version 1.1) as an unfiltered table of potential victims of lynchings, race riots, or semantically similar mob violence in the United States. The word "potential" refers to the fact that further interpretation is needed by any researcher engaged with this data, as to whether some observations fit the researcher's own definition of lynching.
For years prior to 1882, the full compilation is known to be missing most or all lynching events for some states during those years. This compilation is not suitable for comparative analysis of regions prior to 1882.
This dataset consciously includes some observations which are ambiguous, and is not a "neat" or clear-cut list of victims. Any researcher who engages with this compilation must filter the list, and in so doing make some of their own decisions about which observations they intend to include.
- Time_Period_of_Content:
-
- Time_Period_Information:
-
- Range_of_Dates/Times:
-
- Beginning_Date: 18820117
- Ending_Date: 19471204
- Status:
-
- Progress: Complete
- Completion_Date: 20180830
- Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned for MWT_dataset_compilation_SAMPLE.csv
- Keywords:
-
- Theme:
-
- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
- Theme_Keyword: lynching, race riot, mob violence, white supremacy
- Place:
-
- Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
- Place_Keyword: United States, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Illinois
- Temporal:
-
- Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
- Temporal_Keyword: Reconstruction, Jim Crow
- Access_Constraints:
-
This sample is made available publicly at <http://www.monroeworktoday.org/download.html> to assist researchers in understanding the schema of the MonroeWorkToday Dataset Compilation.
- Use_Constraints:
-
auut studio was founded with the mission of advancing historical literacy and un-silencing the stories of people of color. The website MonroeWorkToday.org was a public history project of auut studio in 2016-2017. The full dataset is provided privately by auut studio to the recipient for use in a responsible research project, as a means to relieve the researcher from the manual digitization/assembly of the same public sources. In exchange for providing this courtesy, auut studio asks the researcher to agree to a standard of ethical consideration above what is typical in academia: that in all of the researcher's published output, they will include language that acknowledges the personhood of murdered human beings underlying or aggregated by numbers, and that names white supremacy where it was involved. This includes some language, however short, captioned on any chart or graph that is intended to be interpreted or shown in isolation, whether in print or in presentation slides.
- Point_of_Contact:
-
- Contact_Information_Primary:
-
- Contact_Organization_Primary:
-
- Contact_Organization:
-
auut studio
- Contact_Position:
-
Research Director, auut studio
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Cross_Reference:
-
- Citation_Information:
-
- Originator: RJ Ramey, Editor/Compiler
- Publication_Date: 20180830
- Title: MonroeWorkToday Dataset Compilation (sample)
- Data_Presentation_Form: tabular data
- Publication_Information:
-
- Publication_Place: San Francisco, California
- Publisher: auut studio
- Other_Citation_Details:
-
In academic writing, please cite this compilation as:
Ramey, RJ (Ed.) Monroe Work Today Dataset Compilation (version 1), 23 Oct 2017. Archives, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL. Compilation contains works by Barrow (2005), Brundage (1993), Carrigan (2004), Carrigan & Webb (2013), Equal Justice Initiative (2015), Frazier (2009), Frazier (2015), Gonzales-Day (2006), Guzman (c1960), Hair (1976), Hollars (2011), Hufsmith (1993), Kiktode (2008), Kubota (1996), Leonard (2002), Loewen (2005), Maryland State Archives (2016), Nevels (2007), Newkirk (2009), Ortiz (2005), Pfaelzer (2007), Pfeifer (2004), Pfeifer (2005), Pfeifer (2013), Phillips (2016), Raper (1931), Rushdy (2012), Thompson (2014), Tolnay & Beck (1995), Vyzralek (1990), Webb (2002), Wilbert (1982), Williams & Williams (1972), Wright (1990).
Then ALSO: you must individually cite each of the corresponding authors' works, which you are in fact utilizing by using this Dataset Compilation. Appropriate citation details for each author can be found at <http://www.monroeworktoday.org/bibliography.html>. If you use only a subset of the data, you may cite the applicable source authors of those observations only.
In graphical data visualizations, please cite this compilation as:
MonroeWorkToday Dataset Compilation (v.1) <monroeworktoday.org>
or if space is constrained:
Source: monroeworktoday.org
- Data_Quality_Information:
-
- Attribute_Accuracy:
-
- Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
-
This full dataset compiles the prior research of dozens of academic scholars and authors. It inherits any inaccuracy or omission contained in each of these sources, unless later authors corrected the data in that earlier source. The geographic coverage and temporal coverage of events is a patchwork and not at all comprehensive.
For some cases, the table indicates an observation being "Uncertain" or "Unconfirmed" as to fitting the definition of a lynching. Unless otherwise indicated, this uncertainty is the interpretation from the source author(s).
The full compilation does not contain every lynching there ever was in the US. There will never be such a "perfect" list, because they were not always reported in a newspaper, or occurred in towns too small to have a newspaper. Some murders may have a faint record in historical sources, or none at all.
- Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
-
- Detailed_Description:
-
- Entity_Type:
-
- Entity_Type_Label: Victims (deaths) from lynchings, race riots, or semantically similar mob violence
- Entity_Type_Definition: please refer to <http://www.monroeworktoday.org/bibliography.html> for varying definitions of "lynching" inherited from source authors. Observations in the data whose circumstances may fall outside the researcher's own chosen definiton of lynching may be referred to by the less specific term "mob violence".
- Entity_Type_Definition_Source: source authors
- Attributes:
-
For attribute definitions, please refer to <http://www.monroeworktoday.org/metadata.html>


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Milan, Tokyo, Paris, Leicester.
Made to keep you looking sharp as a tack and cool as an ice cube
Buitl for comfort


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DMatrix
public class DMatrix
DMatrix is a wrap of the internal data structure DMatrix that used by
XGBoost. You can construct from a file (libsvm (default) or csv) or [Float].
To load csv file, specify uri parameter ‘path_to_csv?format=csv’ or set the
format
param to ‘csv’.
-
If the DMatrix is initialized, by simply checking if the DMatrixHandle is non-nil.
Declaration
Swift
public var initialized: Bool { get }
-
The number of rows in the DMatrix
Declaration
Swift
public var numRow: UInt64 { get }
-
The number of cols in the DMatrix
Declaration
Swift
public var numCol: UInt64 { get }
-
The shape of the DMatrix, [numRow, numCol]
Declaration
Swift
public var shape: [UInt64] { get }
-
The labels of the DMatrix
Declaration
Swift
public var label: [Float] { get set }
-
The weight of the DMatrix
Declaration
Swift
public var weight: [Float] { get set }
-
Not used base_margin for conforming to Swift naming convention
Declaration
Swift
public var baseMargin: [Float] { get set }
-
Use baseMargin instead
Declaration
Swift
public var base_margin: [Float] { get set }
-
Set group info for the DMatrix
Declaration
Swift
public func setGroup(_ newValue: [UInt])
-
Construct DMatrix from file
Declaration
Swift
public init(fromFile fname: String, format: String = "libsvm", label: [Float]? = nil, weight: [Float]? = nil, baseMargin: [Float]? = nil, silent: Bool = true) throws
-
Construct DMatrix from array of Float, by setting shape, missing values will be filled in automatically or by setting
missing
(Float.infinity as default).Declaration
Swift
public init(fromArray array: [Float], shape: (row: Int, col: Int), label: [Float]? = nil, weight: [Float]? = nil, baseMargin: [Float]? = nil, missing NaValue: Float = -.infinity) throws
-
Save the DMatrix to file
Declaration
Swift
public func saveBinary(toFile fname: String, silent: Bool = true) throws
Parameters
toFile
filename
silent
if print debug infomation
-
Slice the DMatrix by using an array of row indexes, return a DMatrix of the selected rows.
Declaration
Swift
public func slice(rows idxSet: [Int], allowGroups: Bool = false) -> DMatrix?
-
Slice the DMatrix by using a range of row indexes, return a DMatrix of the selected rows.
Declaration
Swift
public func slice(rows idxSet: Range<Int>, allowGroups: Bool = false) -> DMatrix?


Caching with Rails: An overview¶ ↑
This guide will teach you what you need to know about avoiding that expensive round-trip to your database and returning what you need to return to the web clients in the shortest time possible.
After reading this guide, you will know:
-
Page and action caching (moved to separate gems as of Rails 4).
-
Fragment caching.
-
Alternative cache stores.
-
Conditional GET support.
Basic Caching¶ ↑
This is an introduction to three types of caching techniques: page, action
and fragment caching. Rails provides by default fragment caching. In order
to use page and action caching, you will need to add
actionpack-page_caching
and
actionpack-action_caching
to your Gemfile.
To start playing with caching you'll want to ensure that
config.action_controller.perform_caching
is set to
true
, if you're running in development mode. This flag is
normally set in the corresponding config/environments/*.rb
and
caching is disabled by default for development and test, and enabled for
production.
config.action_controller.perform_caching = true
Page Caching¶ ↑
Page caching is a Rails mechanism which allows the request for a generated page to be fulfilled by the webserver (i.e. Apache or NGINX), without ever having to go through the Rails stack at all. Obviously, this is super-fast. Unfortunately, it can't be applied to every situation (such as pages that need authentication) and since the webserver is literally just serving a file from the filesystem, cache expiration is an issue that needs to be dealt with.
INFO: Page Caching has been removed from Rails 4. See the actionpack-page_caching gem. See DHH’s key-based cache expiration overview for the newly-preferred method.
Action Caching¶ ↑
Page Caching cannot be used for actions that have before filters - for example, pages that require authentication. This is where Action Caching comes in. Action Caching works like Page Caching except the incoming web request hits the Rails stack so that before filters can be run on it before the cache is served. This allows authentication and other restrictions to be run while still serving the result of the output from a cached copy.
INFO: Action Caching has been removed from Rails 4. See the actionpack-action_caching gem. See DHH’s key-based cache expiration overview for the newly-preferred method.
Fragment Caching¶ ↑
Life would be perfect if we could get away with caching the entire contents of a page or action and serving it out to the world. Unfortunately, dynamic web applications usually build pages with a variety of components not all of which have the same caching characteristics. In order to address such a dynamically created page where different parts of the page need to be cached and expired differently, Rails provides a mechanism called Fragment Caching.
Fragment Caching allows a fragment of view logic to be wrapped in a cache block and served out of the cache store when the next request comes in.
As an example, if you wanted to show all the orders placed on your website in real time and didn't want to cache that part of the page, but did want to cache the part of the page which lists all products available, you could use this piece of code:
<% Order.find_recent.each do |o| %> <%= o.buyer.name %> bought <%= o.product.name %> <% end %> <% cache do %> All available products: <% Product.all.each do |p| %> <%= link_to p.name, product_url(p) %> <% end %> <% end %>
The cache block in our example will bind to the action that called it and
is written out to the same place as the Action Cache, which means that if
you want to cache multiple fragments per action, you should provide an
action_suffix
to the cache call:
<% cache(action: 'recent', action_suffix: 'all_products') do %> All available products:
and you can expire it using the expire_fragment
method, like
so:
expire_fragment(controller: 'products', action: 'recent', action_suffix: 'all_products')
If you don't want the cache block to bind to the action that called it,
you can also use globally keyed fragments by calling the cache
method with a key:
<% cache('all_available_products') do %> All available products: <% end %>
This fragment is then available to all actions in the
ProductsController
using the key and can be expired the same
way:
expire_fragment('all_available_products')
If you want to avoid expiring the fragment manually, whenever an action updates a product, you can define a helper method:
module ProductsHelper def cache_key_for_products count = Product.count max_updated_at = Product.maximum(:updated_at).try(:utc).try(:to_s, :number) "products/all-#{count}-#{max_updated_at}" end end
This method generates a cache key that depends on all products and can be used in the view:
<% cache(cache_key_for_products) do %> All available products: <% end %>
If you want to cache a fragment under certain condition you can use
cache_if
or cache_unless
<% cache_if (condition, cache_key_for_products) do %> All available products: <% end %>
You can also use an Active Record model as the cache key:
<% Product.all.each do |p| %> <% cache(p) do %> <%= link_to p.name, product_url(p) %> <% end %> <% end %>
Behind the scenes, a method called cache_key
will be invoked
on the model and it returns a string like
products/23-20130109142513
. The cache key includes the model
name, the id and finally the updated_at timestamp. Thus it will
automatically generate a new fragment when the product is updated because
the key changes.
You can also combine the two schemes which is called “Russian Doll Caching”:
<% cache(cache_key_for_products) do %> All available products: <% Product.all.each do |p| %> <% cache(p) do %> <%= link_to p.name, product_url(p) %> <% end %> <% end %> <% end %>
It's called “Russian Doll Caching” because it nests multiple fragments. The advantage is that if a single product is updated, all the other inner fragments can be reused when regenerating the outer fragment.
Low-Level Caching¶ ↑
Sometimes you need to cache a particular value or query result, instead of caching view fragments. Rails caching mechanism works great for storing any kind of information.
The most efficient way to implement low-level caching is using the
Rails.cache.fetch
method. This method does both reading and
writing to the cache. When passed only a single argument, the key is
fetched and value from the cache is returned. If a block is passed, the
result of the block will be cached to the given key and the result is
returned.
Consider the following example. An application has a Product
model with an instance method that looks up the product’s price on a
competing website. The data returned by this method would be perfect for
low-level caching:
class Product < ActiveRecord::Base def competing_price Rails.cache.fetch("#{cache_key}/competing_price", expires_in: 12.hours) do Competitor::API.find_price(id) end end end
NOTE: Notice that in this example we used cache_key
method, so
the resulting cache-key will be something like
products/233-20140225082222765838000/competing_price
.
cache_key
generates a string based on the model’s
id
and updated_at
attributes. This is a common
convention and has the benefit of invalidating the cache whenever the
product is updated. In general, when you use low-level caching for instance
level information, you need to generate a cache key.
SQL Caching¶ ↑
Query caching is a Rails feature that caches the result set returned by each query so that if Rails encounters the same query again for that request, it will use the cached result set as opposed to running the query against the database again.
For example:
class ProductsController < ApplicationController def index # Run a find query @products = Product.all ... # Run the same query again @products = Product.all end end
Cache Stores¶ ↑
Rails provides different stores for the cached data created by action and fragment caches.
TIP: Page caches are always stored on disk.
Configuration¶ ↑
You can set up your application's default cache store by calling
config.cache_store=
in the Application definition inside your
config/application.rb
file or in an Application.configure
block in an environment specific configuration file (i.e.
config/environments/*.rb
). The first argument will be the
cache store to use and the rest of the argument will be passed as arguments
to the cache store constructor.
config.cache_store = :memory_store
NOTE: Alternatively, you can call
ActionController::Base.cache_store
outside of a configuration
block.
You can access the cache by calling Rails.cache
.
ActiveSupport::Cache::Store¶ ↑
This class provides the foundation for interacting with the cache in Rails. This is an abstract class and you cannot use it on its own. Rather you must use a concrete implementation of the class tied to a storage engine. Rails ships with several implementations documented below.
The main methods to call are read
, write
,
delete
, exist?
, and fetch
. The fetch
method takes a block and will either return an existing value from the
cache, or evaluate the block and write the result to the cache if no value
exists.
There are some common options used by all cache implementations. These can be passed to the constructor or the various methods to interact with entries.
-
:namespace
- This option can be used to create a namespace within the cache store. It is especially useful if your application shares a cache with other applications. -
:compress
- This option can be used to indicate that compression should be used in the cache. This can be useful for transferring large cache entries over a slow network. -
:compress_threshold
- This options is used in conjunction with the:compress
option to indicate a threshold under which cache entries should not be compressed. This defaults to 16 kilobytes. -
:expires_in
- This option sets an expiration time in seconds for the cache entry when it will be automatically removed from the cache. -
:race_condition_ttl
- This option is used in conjunction with the:expires_in
option. It will prevent race conditions when cache entries expire by preventing multiple processes from simultaneously regenerating the same entry (also known as the dog pile effect). This option sets the number of seconds that an expired entry can be reused while a new value is being regenerated. It's a good practice to set this value if you use the:expires_in
option.
ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore¶ ↑
This cache store keeps entries in memory in the same Ruby process. The
cache store has a bounded size specified by the :size
options
to the initializer (default is 32Mb). When the cache exceeds the allotted
size, a cleanup will occur and the least recently used entries will be
removed.
config.cache_store = :memory_store, { size: 64.megabytes }
If you're running multiple Ruby on Rails server processes (which is the case if you're using mongrel_cluster or Phusion Passenger), then your Rails server process instances won't be able to share cache data with each other. This cache store is not appropriate for large application deployments, but can work well for small, low traffic sites with only a couple of server processes or for development and test environments.
ActiveSupport::Cache::FileStore¶ ↑
This cache store uses the file system to store entries. The path to the directory where the store files will be stored must be specified when initializing the cache.
config.cache_store = :file_store, "/path/to/cache/directory"
With this cache store, multiple server processes on the same host can share a cache. Servers processes running on different hosts could share a cache by using a shared file system, but that set up would not be ideal and is not recommended. The cache store is appropriate for low to medium traffic sites that are served off one or two hosts.
Note that the cache will grow until the disk is full unless you periodically clear out old entries.
This is the default cache store implementation.
ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore¶ ↑
This cache store uses Danga's memcached
server to provide
a centralized cache for your application. Rails uses the bundled
dalli
gem by default. This is currently the most popular cache
store for production websites. It can be used to provide a single, shared
cache cluster with very high performance and redundancy.
When initializing the cache, you need to specify the addresses for all memcached servers in your cluster. If none is specified, it will assume memcached is running on the local host on the default port, but this is not an ideal set up for larger sites.
The write
and fetch
methods on this cache accept
two additional options that take advantage of features specific to
memcached. You can specify :raw
to send a value directly to
the server with no serialization. The value must be a string or number. You
can use memcached direct operation like increment
and
decrement
only on raw values. You can also specify
:unless_exist
if you don't want memcached to overwrite an
existing entry.
config.cache_store = :mem_cache_store, "cache-1.example.com", "cache-2.example.com"
ActiveSupport::Cache::EhcacheStore¶ ↑
If you are using JRuby you can use Terracotta's Ehcache as the cache store for your application. Ehcache is an open source Java cache that also offers an enterprise version with increased scalability, management, and commercial support. You must first install the jruby-ehcache-rails3 gem (version 1.1.0 or later) to use this cache store.
config.cache_store = :ehcache_store
When initializing the cache, you may use the :ehcache_config
option to specify the Ehcache config file to use (where the default is
“ehcache.xml” in your Rails config directory), and the :cache_name option
to provide a custom name for your cache (the default is rails_cache).
In addition to the standard :expires_in
option, the
write
method on this cache can also accept the additional
:unless_exist
option, which will cause the cache store to use
Ehcache's putIfAbsent
method instead of put
,
and therefore will not overwrite an existing entry. Additionally, the
write
method supports all of the properties exposed by the Ehcache
Element class , including:
| Property | Argument Type | Description | | ————————— | ——————- | ———————————————————– | | elementEvictionData | ElementEvictionData | Sets this element's eviction data instance. | | eternal | boolean | Sets whether the element is eternal. | | timeToIdle, tti | int | Sets time to idle | | timeToLive, ttl, expires_in | int | Sets time to Live | | version | long | Sets the version attribute of the ElementAttributes object. |
These options are passed to the write
method as Hash options
using either camelCase or underscore notation, as in the following
examples:
Rails.cache.write('key', 'value', time_to_idle: 60.seconds, timeToLive: 600.seconds) caches_action :index, expires_in: 60.seconds, unless_exist: true
For more information about Ehcache, see ehcache.org/ . For more information about Ehcache for JRuby and Rails, see ehcache.org/documentation/jruby.html
ActiveSupport::Cache::NullStore¶ ↑
This cache store implementation is meant to be used only in development or
test environments and it never stores anything. This can be very useful in
development when you have code that interacts directly with
Rails.cache
, but caching may interfere with being able to see
the results of code changes. With this cache store, all fetch
and read
operations will result in a miss.
config.cache_store = :null_store
Custom Cache Stores¶ ↑
You can create your own custom cache store by simply extending
ActiveSupport::Cache::Store
and implementing the appropriate
methods. In this way, you can swap in any number of caching technologies
into your Rails application.
To use a custom cache store, simple set the cache store to a new instance of the class.
config.cache_store = MyCacheStore.new
Cache Keys¶ ↑
The keys used in a cache can be any object that responds to either
:cache_key
or to :to_param
. You can implement the
:cache_key
method on your classes if you need to generate
custom keys. Active Record will generate keys based on the class name and
record id.
You can use Hashes and Arrays of values as cache keys.
# This is a legal cache key Rails.cache.read(site: "mysite", owners: [owner_1, owner_2])
The keys you use on Rails.cache
will not be the same as those
actually used with the storage engine. They may be modified with a
namespace or altered to fit technology backend constraints. This means, for
instance, that you can't save values with Rails.cache
and
then try to pull them out with the memcache-client
gem.
However, you also don't need to worry about exceeding the memcached
size limit or violating syntax rules.
Conditional GET support¶ ↑
Conditional GETs are a feature of the HTTP specification that provide a way for web servers to tell browsers that the response to a GET request hasn't changed since the last request and can be safely pulled from the browser cache.
They work by using the HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH
and
HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE
headers to pass back and forth both a
unique content identifier and the timestamp of when the content was last
changed. If the browser makes a request where the content identifier (etag)
or last modified since timestamp matches the server's version then the
server only needs to send back an empty response with a not modified
status.
It is the server's (i.e. our) responsibility to look for a last modified timestamp and the if-none-match header and determine whether or not to send back the full response. With conditional-get support in Rails this is a pretty easy task:
class ProductsController < ApplicationController def show @product = Product.find(params[:id]) # If the request is stale according to the given timestamp and etag value # (i.e. it needs to be processed again) then execute this block if stale?(last_modified: @product.updated_at.utc, etag: @product.cache_key) respond_to do |wants| # ... normal response processing end end # If the request is fresh (i.e. it's not modified) then you don't need to do # anything. The default render checks for this using the parameters # used in the previous call to stale? and will automatically send a # :not_modified. So that's it, you're done. end end
Instead of an options hash, you can also simply pass in a model, Rails will
use the updated_at
and cache_key
methods for
setting last_modified
and etag
:
class ProductsController < ApplicationController def show @product = Product.find(params[:id]) if stale?(@product) respond_to do |wants| # ... normal response processing end end end end
If you don't have any special response processing and are using the
default rendering mechanism (i.e. you're not using
respond_to
or calling render yourself) then you've got an
easy helper in fresh_when
:
class ProductsController < ApplicationController # This will automatically send back a :not_modified if the request is fresh, # and will render the default template (product.*) if it's stale. def show @product = Product.find(params[:id]) fresh_when last_modified: @product.published_at.utc, etag: @product end end


MAKE HASTE TO LIVE (director/writer: William Seiter; screenwriter: Warren B. Duff/from a novel by The Gordons; cinematographer: John L. Russell; editor: Fred Allen; cast: Dorothy McGuire (Crystal Benson), Stephen McNally (Steve Blackford), Mary Murphy (Randi Benson), Edgar Buchanan (Sheriff Lafe), John Howard (Josh Blake), Ron Hagerthy (Hack), Pepe Hern (Rudolfo), Eddy Waller (Spud), Carolyn Jones (Mary Rose); Runtime: 90; Republic; 1954)
Reviewed by Dennis Schwartz
A B-film noir about a family threat from an abusive husband. Dorothy McGuire has been on the run for the last 18 years from her husband, and is frightened at what he will now do to her and her daughter. The film opens with its scary scene of Crystal Benson's (Dorothy McGuire) gangster husband, Steve Blackford (Stephen McNally), roaming around unseen in the shadows of her house. She senses he is there, but as she roams the house she can't spot him. He has found her in a small New Mexico town, even though she has a new identity, after spending 18 years in prison for supposedly murdering her. He is now out on parole.
Crystal makes a tape recording explaining her past, as she relates to when she was a 19-year-old and met a charming man at a dance. Her mother warned her that Steve was a gangster, but she fell in love and married him. She soon was living in luxury, as her hubby was a collector for the mob. When she found out through the newspaper headlines that her husband murdered a cop, she decides to run away from the mean-spirited man. But he refuses to give her up. After a year or so passes, Steve, who beat the murder rap with the cop, accidently sets off some explosives in his place. This killed the lady he was spending the night with, but the cops think the unidentified woman is his wife and he killed her to stop her from talking. He is sentenced for that murder, as Crystal refused to exonerate him. She starts a new life for herself in Candlewood, New Mexico, has his child, Randi (Murphy), and becomes a successful newspaper publisher and respected citizen. But she has told no one of her past, and is deeply worried about what others would think of her if they found out the truth.
Steve pushes his way into her home posing as her brother and he charms Randi, extorts money from Crystal, and is bent on ruining her life. She asks her pilot boyfriend, Josh (John Howard), to fly her and Randi to Mexico to escape from her insane brother, which he agrees to do but is puzzled about what she is afraid of.
Warning: spoiler to follow in next paragraph.
When a robbery and murder is committed, Sheriff Lafe (Buchanan), arrests a local Mexican kid who is known to have a temper, Rudolfo. But the sheriff soon traces the murder weapon to Steve. The climax results in Crystal being able to keep her lie as Steve falls to his death in the Indian burial ground, as the solid citizen still is caught by the dubious morality of her actions and can't let go of that lie.
This revenge film was fast-paced and well-acted, but its story is too far-fetched to be completely convincing.
REVIEWED ON 8/10/2001 GRADE: C
Dennis Schwartz: "Ozus' World Movie Reviews"
© ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DENNIS SCHWARTZ
http://www.sover.net/~ozus
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>© ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DENNIS SCHWARTZ
========== X-RAMR-ID: 29136 X-Language: en X-RT-ReviewID: 243336 X-RT-TitleID: 1013098 X-RT-SourceID: 873 X-RT-AuthorID: 1315 X-RT-RatingText: C
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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Trading_BestOfferType Class Reference
| Inherits from | NSObject |
| Conforms to | PicoBindable |
| Declared in | Trading_BestOfferType.h Trading_BestOfferType.m |
Tasks
-
bestOfferID
An ID to distinguish this Best Offer from other Best Offers
property
made on the item. -
expirationTime
Date and time (in GMT) the offer naturally expires (if the
property
seller has not accepted or declined the offer). -
buyer
Information about the buyer who made the Best Offer.
property -
price
The amount of the Best Offer.
property -
status
The state of the offer. In the case of
property
a PlaceOffer response that specified a Best Offer,
Status may be “Accepted” if the Best Offer
was at or above an auto-accept price. -
quantity
The number of items for which the buyer is making an offer.
property -
buyerMessage
Text message that was provided by a buyer when placing a Best Offer.
property -
sellerMessage
Text response to buyer from seller.
property -
bestOfferCodeType
This value indicates whether the corresponding offer is an original Best Offer, or a counter offer to a Best
property
Offer from the seller or buyer. -
callStatus
The status of the call, either Success or Failure.
property -
any
(public property)
property
Properties
any
(public property)
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSMutableArray *any
Discussion
(public property)
entry type : PicoAnyElement, wrapper for primitive anyelement
Declared In
Trading_BestOfferType.h
bestOfferCodeType
This value indicates whether the corresponding offer is an original Best Offer, or a counter offer to a Best
Offer from the seller or buyer.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *bestOfferCodeType
Discussion
This value indicates whether the corresponding offer is an original Best Offer, or a counter offer to a Best
Offer from the seller or buyer.
type: string constant in Trading_BestOfferTypeCodeType.h
Declared In
Trading_BestOfferType.h
bestOfferID
An ID to distinguish this Best Offer from other Best Offers
made on the item.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *bestOfferID
Discussion
An ID to distinguish this Best Offer from other Best Offers
made on the item.
type : NSString, wrapper for primitive string
Declared In
Trading_BestOfferType.h
buyer
Information about the buyer who made the Best Offer.
@property (nonatomic, retain) Trading_UserType *buyer
Declared In
Trading_BestOfferType.h
buyerMessage
Text message that was provided by a buyer when placing a Best Offer.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *buyerMessage
Discussion
Text message that was provided by a buyer when placing a Best Offer.
type : NSString, wrapper for primitive string
Declared In
Trading_BestOfferType.h
callStatus
The status of the call, either Success or Failure.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *callStatus
Discussion
The status of the call, either Success or Failure.
type : NSString, wrapper for primitive string
Declared In
Trading_BestOfferType.h
expirationTime
Date and time (in GMT) the offer naturally expires (if the
seller has not accepted or declined the offer).
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSDate *expirationTime
Discussion
Date and time (in GMT) the offer naturally expires (if the
seller has not accepted or declined the offer).
type : NSDate, wrapper for primitive date
Declared In
Trading_BestOfferType.h
price
The amount of the Best Offer.
@property (nonatomic, retain) Trading_AmountType *price
Declared In
Trading_BestOfferType.h
quantity
The number of items for which the buyer is making an offer.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSNumber *quantity
Discussion
The number of items for which the buyer is making an offer.
type : NSNumber, wrapper for primitive int
Declared In
Trading_BestOfferType.h
sellerMessage
Text response to buyer from seller.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *sellerMessage
Declared In
Trading_BestOfferType.h
status
The state of the offer. In the case of
a PlaceOffer response that specified a Best Offer,
Status may be “Accepted” if the Best Offer
was at or above an auto-accept price.
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *status
Discussion
The state of the offer. In the case of
a PlaceOffer response that specified a Best Offer,
Status may be “Accepted” if the Best Offer
was at or above an auto-accept price.
type: string constant in Trading_BestOfferStatusCodeType.h
Declared In
Trading_BestOfferType.h


TING- tolnaftate cream
Insight Pharmaceuticals
Disclaimer: Most OTC drugs are not reviewed and approved by FDA, however they may be marketed if they comply with applicable regulations and policies.  Antifungal |
Uses
- For effective treatment of most athlete's foot (tinea pedis), jock itch (tinea cruris) and ringworm (tinea corporis)
- For effective relief of itchy, scaly skin between toes
- Clears up most athlete's foot infection and with daily use helps keep it from coming back
Warnings
For external use only
Do not use on children under 2 years of age unless directed by a doctor
When using this product avoid contact with the eyes
Stop use and ask a doctor if
- Irritation occurs or if there is no improvement within 4 weeks (for athlete's foot and ringworm)
- Irritation occurs or if there is no improvement within 2 weeks (for jock itch)
Keep out of reach of children. If swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
Directions
- Clean the affected area and dry thoroughly
- Apply a thin layer of the product over affected area twice daily (morning and night) or as directed by a doctor
- Supervise children in the use of this product
For athlete's foot use daily for 4 weeks. If condition persists longer, consult a doctor.
- Pay special attention to the spaces between the toes.
- Wear well-fitting, ventilated shoes and change shoes and socks at least once daily.
- To prevent athlete's foot, clean feet and dry thoroughly, then apply a thin layer of product to feet once or twice daily (morning and/or night) following the above directions.
For ringworm use daily for 4 weeks. If condition persists longer, consult a doctor.
For jock itch use daily for 2 weeks. If condition persists longer, consult a doctor.
This product is not effective on the scalp or nails.
Inactive ingredients
Butylated Hydroxytoluene, PEG-400, PEG-3350, Titanium Dioxide, White Petrolatum.
Distributed by: Distribuido por:
INSIGHT Pharmaceuticals Corp., Langhorne, PA 19047-1749
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
TinG®
TOLNAFTATE
ANTIFUNGAL
CREAM
- Relieves itching and burning
- Daily use prevents reinfection of athlete's foot
NET WT. 0.5 oz (14 g)


{% comment %}
Separated out of results.html to prevent invalid references from crashing the entire
references listing. (issue #1805)
If an error is raised inside a template include, the error is caught by the
calling {% include %} tag and the contents blanked out.
This behaviour caused a confusing error on the references listing view where it
would go blank if one of the references was invalid.
Separating the reference rendering code into this file allows us to limit Django's
crash/blanking behaviour to a single reference so the listing can still be used when
the issue occurs.
{% endcomment %}
{% load wagtailimages_tags wagtailadmin_tags %}
{% load i18n %}
Slug (citation key): {{ reference.slug }}
Type: {{ reference.bibtype }}
{# Bibtex: {{ reference.bibtex|ellipsistrim:140 }}
#}
Preview:


Tanner Taxi is proud to announce its new travel planning service. Let Tanner plan your next personal, family, or business trip anywhere throughout the nation or the world. We have access to thousands of hotel reviews and research. We know when you should visit these hotels to get the best price. We know what rooms to stay based on your travel needs. If you need just a place to sleep and don't care much about the amenities, we've got the complete list of rooms in each hotel that will match even the tightest budget. If you are looking for a hotel that will provide you with the pampering you need, we'll let you know where to stay on your trip.
Once you've arrived at your destination, do you want to know what the most popular attractions are? Of course, you do, but we'll give you the traveler's edger and get you into those popular attractions at the lowest possible cost. Not sure if an attraction is right for you? Let our travel planners walk you through the full itinerary of activities so you can decide for yourself how best to spend your travel time and travel dollars. Get the best vacation or travel experience you can at the lowest price possible.
Need a car to get around? We'll get you the best rates on car rentals. You'll never pay for unnecessary booking or insurance fees. We'll get you the right car at the perfect price so that you can spend your time at your destination driving in comfort and ease. Looking just for transportation to and from an airport at your travel destination? We'll get you from the airport to your business meeting or hotel swiftly, safely, and economically. If you need a van for several passengers in your group, we can arrange that as well. There will be plenty of room for you and your passengers as you make your debut in your destination city.
Are you new to the travel scene? We'll give you the advice that others won't. We can advise you on what to eat and drink and also what foods to avoid at your travel destination, especially if you are traveling to foreign lands. We will get you U.S. Passport services and give you travel warnings and consulate information for your destination country. We'll also tell you where to find and get medical help if your need to should an emergency arise. We have travel guides for every business traveler so that your business trip is a successful one.
Of course, no trip would be complete without visiting the restaurants of the region. We have both a national and international registry of restaurants at every price point. We'll tell you which restaurants give you the best value and best price so that you can have an enjoyable dining experience no matter what region or country you are visiting.


Food Recipe Search
Find the perfect recipe in minutes! Narrow down your search by focusing on ingredients, diet, or cook time.


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CD Player
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Power Steering
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Power Windows
Yes
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Steering Controls
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Isogenic Game Engine
Isogenic Game Engine
Isogenic Game Engine
Documentation
Examples
Guides
Videos
Forum
Isogenic Web Site
Classes
Components
Components.IgeAnimationComponent
Core
Core.IgeClass
Core.IgeEntity
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Extensions
Extensions.IgeUiPositionExtension
Extensions.IgeUiStyleExtension
Isogenic Game Engine Guides
Introduction
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Home
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Constitution
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(PDF)
(Tennessee General Assembly)
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(PDF)
(Tennessee Secretary of State)
Executive
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(Tennessee Secretary of State)
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(Tennessee Secretary of State)
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(Tennessee Secretary of State)
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composed of the
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and
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- includes
How a Bill Becomes Law


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These are the first two weeks of my internship with CC. I am working on improving the accessibility of cc-search and internationalizing it as well. We started with first compiling the accessibility reports from accessibility insights, lighthouse and pa11y into a single document and then opening up appropriate issues ont he repo to address them.
The accessibility issues are listed here:
- Accessibility - Improve labels
- Evaluate keyboard navigation effectiveness
- Fix color contrast problems
- Improve elements markup
- Evaluate any accessibility linter tools
The decision was made to audit the tab indices along with internationalizing the page. The accessibility changes will be done after the completion of internationalization as the aria-labels will have to be internationalized as well.
The first two weeks involved setting up vue-i18n, auditing the tab index for homepage and internationalizing it. The tab index adit for homepage is displayed:
The internationalization part was pretty straightforward, we just had to export all the strings to the JSON files and load transaltions through the i18n module.
For complex elements of the type string <tag>string</tag> string
I went for the templating method.
Here we use the v-slot attribute of the i18n functional component to convert the element into a template where the tag occupies a slot in the syntax.
<i18n path="footer.caption.label" tag="p" class="caption">
<template v-slot:noted>
{{$t('footer.caption.noted')}}
</template>
<template v-slot:attribution>

{{$t('footer.caption.attribution')}}

</template>
<template v-slot:icons>

{{$t('footer.caption.icons')}}

</template>
</i18n>
The final outcome looks pretty good:
And voila we are done with the first two weeks. I also internationalized the header and the footer along with the homepage. You can track the work done for these weeks through these PRs:
The progress of the project can be tracked on cc-search
CC Search Accessiblity is my GSoC 2020 project under the guidance of Ari Madian, who is the primary mentor for this project, Anna Tumadóttir for helping all along and engineering director Kriti Godey, have been very supportive.


Port of Spain is a commercial port, and as such, is not open to yachts. I lies on at the northern end of the Gulf of Paria on the west side of the island.
It lies just 10nm from Chaguaramas and has many useful services.
Position 10° 39.1'N, 61° 32.8'W.
Arriving yachts should clear at Chaguaramas. Port of Spain is a commercial port, and yachts may only stop there in real emergencies.
Last updated January 2013


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Hello to the Mississippi River
Where the fishing always rocks
Come with me for the ultimate experience
Types of Fish
Crappie
Bluegill
Catfish
Spoonfish
WhiteBass
Big ole fish!!