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Digha Nikaya15. Maha-Nidana Sutta
The Great Causes DiscourseTranslated by Bhikkhu Thanissaro
Translator's Introduction
This is one of the most profound discourses in the Pali Canon. It gives an extended treatment of the teachings of dependent co-arising (paticca samuppada) and not-self (anatta) in an outlined context of how these teachings function in practice.
The first part of the discourse takes the factors of dependent co-arising in sequence from effect to cause, tracing them down to the mutual dependency of name-and-form (mental and physical activity) on the one hand, and consciousness on the other. In connection with this point, it is worth noting that the word "great" in the title of the discourse may have a double meaning: modifying the word "discourse" -- it's a long discourse -- and modifying "causes," referring to the fact that name-and-form and consciousness as causal factors can account for everything describable in the cosmos.
After tracing the basic sequence of factors in the causal pattern, the discourse then reviews their inter-relationships, showing how they can explain stress and suffering both on the individual and on the social level.
The second part of the discourse, taking up the teaching of not-self, shows how dependent co-arising gives focus to this teaching in practice. It begins with a section on Delineations of a Self, classifying the various ways in which a sense of "self" might be defined in terms of form. The scheme of analysis introduced in this section -- classifying views of the self according to the variables of form and formless; finite and infinite; already existing, naturally developing in the future, and alterable through human effort -- covers all the theories of the self proposed in the classical Upanisads, as well as all theories of self or soul proposed in more recent times. The inclusion of an infinite self in this list gives the lie to the belief that the Buddha's teachings on not-self were denying nothing more than a sense of "separate" or "limited" self. The discourse points out that even a limitless, infinite, all-embracing sense of self is based on an underlying tendency in the mind that has to be abandoned.
The following section, on Non-delineations of a Self, shows that it is possible for the mind to function without reading a "self" into experience. The remaining sections focus on ways in which this can be done by treating the sense of self as it relates to different aspects of name-and-form. The first of these sections -- Assumptions of a Self -- focuses on the sense of self as it relates to feeling, one of the "name" factors in name-and-form. The next section -- Seven Stations of Consciousness -- focuses on form, formlessness, and perception, which is another one of the "name" factors that allows a place for consciousness to land and grow on the "macro" level in the cycle of death and rebirth. The last section -- Eight Emancipations -- focuses on form, formlessness, and perception on the "micro" level in the practice of meditative absorption (jhana).
In each of these cases, once the sense of attachment and identification with name-and-form can be broken, the mutual dependency between consciousness and name-and-form is broken as well. This brings about total freedom from the limits of "the extent to which there are means of designation, expression, and delineation... the extent to which the sphere of discernment extends, the extent to which the cycle revolves for the manifesting (discernibility) of this world -- i.e., name-and-form together with consciousness." This is the release at which the Buddha's teachings are aimed.
(Dependent Co-arising)
I have heard that on one occasion the Blessed One was living among the Kurus. Now, the Kurus have a town named Kammasadhamma. There Ven. Ananda approached the Blessed One and, on arrival, having bowed down to the Blessed One, sat to one side. As he was sitting there he said to the Blessed One: "It's amazing, lord, it's astounding, how deep this dependent co-arising is, and how deep its appearance, and yet to me it seems as clear as clear can be."
[The Buddha:] "Don't say that, Ananda. Don't say that. Deep is this dependent co-arising, and deep its appearance. It's because of not understanding and not penetrating this Dhamma that this generation is like a tangled skein, a knotted ball of string, like matted rushes and reeds, and does not go beyond transmigration, beyond the planes of deprivation, woe, and bad destinations.
"If one is asked, 'Is there a demonstrable requisite condition for aging and death?' one should answer, 'There is.'
"If one is asked, 'From what requisite condition do aging and death come?' one should say, 'Aging and death come from birth as their requisite condition.'
"If one is asked, 'Is there a demonstrable requisite condition for birth?' one should answer, 'There is.'
"If one is asked, 'From what requisite condition does birth come?' one should say, 'Birth comes from becoming as its requisite condition.'
"If one is asked, 'Is there a demonstrable requisite condition for becoming?' one should answer, 'There is.'
"If one is asked, 'From what requisite condition does becoming come?' one should say, 'Becoming comes from clinging as its requisite condition.'
"If one is asked, 'Is there a demonstrable requisite condition for clinging?' one should answer, 'There is.'
"If one is asked, 'From what requisite condition does clinging come?' one should say, 'Clinging comes from craving as its requisite condition.'
"If one is asked, 'Is there a demonstrable requisite condition for craving?' one should answer, 'There is.'
"If one is asked, 'From what requisite condition does craving come?' one should say, 'Craving comes from feeling as its requisite condition.'
"If one is asked, 'Is there a demonstrable requisite condition for feeling?' one should answer, 'There is.'
"If one is asked, 'From what requisite condition does feeling come?' one should say, 'Feeling comes from contact as its requisite condition.'
"If one is asked, 'Is there a demonstrable requisite condition for contact?' one should answer, 'There is.'
"If one is asked, 'From what requisite condition does contact come?' one should say, 'Contact comes from name-and-form as its requisite condition.'
"If one is asked, 'Is there a demonstrable requisite condition for name-and-form?' one should answer, 'There is.'
"If one is asked, 'From what requisite condition does name-and-form come?' one should say, 'Name-and-form comes from consciousness as its requisite condition.'
"If one is asked, 'Is there a demonstrable requisite condition for consciousness?' one should answer, 'There is.'
"If one is asked, 'From what requisite condition does consciousness come?' one should say, 'Consciousness comes from name-and-form as its requisite condition.'
"Thus, Ananda, from name-and-form as a requisite condition comes consciousness. From consciousness as a requisite condition comes name-and-form. From name-and-form as a requisite condition comes contact. From contact as a requisite condition comes feeling. From feeling as a requisite condition comes craving. From craving as a requisite condition comes clinging. From clinging as a requisite condition comes becoming. From becoming as a requisite condition comes birth. From birth as a requisite condition, aging, death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, distress, and despair come into play. Such is the origination of this entire mass of stress.
(Aging and Death)
"'From birth as a requisite condition come aging and death.' Thus it has been said. And this is the way to understand how from birth as a requisite condition come aging and death. If there were no birth at all, in any way, of anything anywhere -- i.e., of devas in the state of devas, of celestials in the state of celestials, of spirits in the state of spirits, of demons in the state of demons, of human beings in the human state, of quadripeds in the state of quadripeds, of birds in the state of birds, of snakes in the state of snakes, or of any being in its own state -- in the utter absence of birth, from the cessation of birth, would aging and death be discerned?"
"No, lord."
"Thus this is a cause, this is a reason, this is an origination, this is a requisite condition for aging and death, i.e., birth.
(Birth)
"'From becoming as a requisite condition comes birth.' Thus it has been said. And this is the way to understand how from becoming as a requisite condition comes birth. If there were no becoming at all, in any way, of anything anywhere -- i.e., sensual becoming, form becoming, or formless becoming -- in the utter absence of becoming, from the cessation of becoming, would birth be discerned?"
"No, lord."
"Thus this is a cause, this is a reason, this is an origination, this is a requisite condition for birth, i.e., becoming.
(Becoming)
"'From clinging as a requisite condition comes becoming.' Thus it has been said. And this is the way to understand how from clinging as a requisite condition comes becoming. If there were no clinging at all, in any way, of anything anywhere -- i.e., clinging to sensuality, clinging to precepts and practices, clinging to views, or clinging to doctrines of the self -- in the utter absence of clinging, from the cessation of clinging, would becoming be discerned?"
"No, lord."
"Thus this is a cause, this is a reason, this is an origination, this is a requisite condition for becoming, i.e., clinging.
(Clinging)
"'From craving as a requisite condition comes clinging.' Thus it has been said. And this is the way to understand how from craving as a requisite condition comes clinging. If there were no craving at all, in any way, of anything anywhere -- i.e., craving for sensuality, craving for becoming, craving for no becoming -- in the utter absence of craving, from the cessation of craving, would clinging be discerned?"
"No, lord."
"Thus this is a cause, this is a reason, this is an origination, this is a requisite condition for clinging, i.e., craving.
(Craving)
"'From feeling as a requisite condition comes craving.' Thus it has been said. And this is the way to understand how from feeling as a requisite condition comes craving. If there were no feeling at all, in any way, of anything anywhere -- i.e., feeling born of contact at the eye, feeling born of contact at the ear, feeling born of contact at the nose, feeling born of contact at the tongue, feeling born of contact at the body, or feeling born of contact at the intellect -- in the utter absence of feeling, from the cessation of feeling, would craving be discerned?"
"No, lord."
"Thus this is a cause, this is a reason, this is an origination, this is a requisite condition for craving, i.e., feeling.
(Dependent on Craving)
"Now, craving is dependent on feeling,
seeking is dependent on craving,
acquisition is dependent on seeking,
ascertainment is dependent on acquisition,
desire and passion is dependent on ascertainment,
attachment is dependent on desire and passion,
possessiveness is dependent on attachment,
stinginess is dependent on attachment,
defensiveness is dependent on stinginess,
and because of defensiveness, dependent on defensiveness, various evil, unskillful phenomena come into play: the taking up of sticks and knives; conflicts, quarrels, and disputes; accusations, divisive speech, and lies."And this is the way to understand how it is that because of defensiveness various evil, unskillful phenomena come into play: the taking up of sticks and knives; conflicts, quarrels, and disputes; accusations, divisive speech, and lies. If there were no defensiveness at all, in any way, of anything anywhere, in the utter absence of defensiveness, from the cessation of defensiveness, would various evil, unskillful phenomena -- the taking up of sticks and knives; conflicts, quarrels, and disputes; accusations, divisive speech, and lies -- come into play?"
"No, lord."
"Thus this is a cause, this is a reason, this is an origination, this is a requisite condition for the coming-into-play of various evil, unskillful phenomena -- the taking up of sticks and knives; conflicts, quarrels, and disputes; accusations, divisive speech, and lies -- i.e., defensiveness.
"'Defensiveness is dependent on stinginess.' Thus it has been said. And this is the way to understand how defensiveness is dependent on stinginess. If there were no stinginess at all, in any way, of anything anywhere, in the utter absence of stinginess, from the cessation of stinginess, would defensiveness be discerned?"
"No, lord."
"Thus this is a cause, this is a reason, this is an origination, this is a requisite condition for defensiveness, i.e., stinginess.
(Similarly back through the chain of conditions: stinginess, attachment, possessiveness, desire and passion, ascertainment, acquisition, and seeking.)
"'Seeking is dependent on craving.' Thus it has been said. And this is the way to understand how seeing is dependent on craving. If there were no craving at all, in any way, of anything anywhere -- i.e., craving for sensuality, craving for becoming, craving for no becoming -- in the utter absence of craving, from the cessation of craving, would seeking be discerned?"
"No, lord."
"Thus this is a cause, this is a reason, this is an origination, this is a requisite condition for seeking, i.e., craving. Thus, Ananda, these two phenomena [the chain of conditions leading from craving to birth, aging, and death, and the chain of conditions leading from craving to quarrels, etc.], as a duality, flow back into one place at feeling.
(Feeling)
"'From contact as a requisite condition comes feeling.' Thus it has been said. And this is the way to understand how from contact as a requisite condition comes feeling. If there were no contact at all, in any way, of anything anywhere -- i.e., contact at the eye, contact at the ear, contact at the nose, contact at the tongue, contact at the body, or contact at the intellect -- in the utter absence of contact, from the cessation of contact, would feeling be discerned?"
"No, lord."
"Thus this is a cause, this is a reason, this is an origination, this is a requisite condition for feeling, i.e., contact.
(Contact)
"'From name-and-form as a requisite condition comes contact.' Thus it has been said. And this is the way to understand how, from name-and-form as a requisite condition comes contact. If the qualities, traits, themes, and indicators by which there is a description of name-group (mental activity) were all absent, would designation-contact with regard to the form-group (the physical body) be discerned?"
"No, lord."
"If the permutations, signs, themes, and indicators by which there is a description of form-group were all absent, would resistance-contact with regard to the name-group be discerned?"
"No, lord."
"If the permutations, signs, themes, and indicators by which there is a description of name-group and form-group were all absent, would designation-contact or resistance-contact be discerned?"
"No, lord."
"Thus this is a cause, this is a reason, this is an origination, this is a requisite condition for contact, i.e., name-and-form.
(Name-and-form)
"'From consciousness as a requisite condition comes name-and-form.' Thus it has been said. And this is the way to understand how from consciousness as a requisite condition comes name-and-form. If consciousness were not to descend into the mother's womb, would name-and-form take shape in the womb?"
"No, lord."
"If, after descending into the womb, consciousness were to depart, would name-and-form be produced for this world?"
"No, lord."
"If the consciousness of the young boy or girl were to be cut off, would name-and-form ripen, grow, and reach maturity?"
"No, lord."
"Thus this is a cause, this is a reason, this is an origination, this is a requisite condition for name-and-form, i.e., consciousness."
(Consciousness)
"'From name-and-form as a requisite condition comes consciousness.' Thus it has been said. And this is the way to understand how from name-and-form as a requisite condition comes consciousness. If consciousness were not to gain a foothold in name-and-form, would a coming-into-play of the origination of birth, aging, death, and stress in the future be discerned?
"No, lord."
"Thus this is a cause, this is a reason, this is an origination, this is a requisite condition for consciousness, i.e., name-and-form.
"This is the extent to which there is birth, aging, death, passing away, and re-arising. This is the extent to which there are means of designation, expression, and delineation. This is the extent to which the sphere of discernment extends, the extent to which the cycle revolves for the manifesting (discernibility) of this world -- i.e., name-and-form together with consciousness.
(Delineations of a Self)
"To what extent, Ananda, does one delineate when delineating a self? Either delineating a self possessed of form and finite, one delineates that 'My self is possessed of form and finite.' Or, delineating a self possessed of form and infinite, one delineates that 'My self is possessed of form and infinite.' Or, delineating a self formless and finite, one delineates that 'My self is formless and finite.' Or, delineating a self formless and infinite, one delineates that 'My self is formless and infinite.'
"Now, the one who, when delineating a self, delineates it as possessed of form and finite, either delineates it as possessed of form and finite in the present, or of such a nature that it will [naturally] become possessed of form and finite [in the future/after death], or he believes that 'Although it is not yet that way, I will convert it into being that way.' This being the case, it is proper to say that a fixed view of a self possessed of form and finite lies latent [within that person].
"The one who, when delineating a self, delineates it as possessed of form and infinite, either delineates it as possessed of form and infinite in the present, or of such a nature that it will [naturally] become possessed of form and infinite [in the future/after death], or he believes that 'Although it is not yet that way, I will convert it into being that way.' This being the case, it is proper to say that a fixed view of a self possessed of form and infinite lies latent [within that person].
"The one who, when delineating a self, delineates it as formless and finite, either delineates it as formless and finite in the present, or of such a nature that it will [naturally] become formless and finite [in the future/after death], or he believes that 'Although it is not yet that way, I will convert it into being that way.' This being the case, it is proper to say that a fixed view of a self formless and finite lies latent [within that person].
"The one who, when delineating a self, delineates it as formless and infinite, either delineates it as formless and infinite in the present, or of such a nature that it will [naturally] become formless and infinite [in the future/after death], or he believes that 'Although it is not yet that way, I will convert it into being that way.' This being the case, it is proper to say that a fixed view of a self formless and infinite lies latent [within that person].
(Non-Delineations of a Self)
"To what extent, Ananda, does one not delineate when not delineating a self? Either not delineating a self possessed of form and finite, one does not delineate that 'My self is possessed of form and finite.' Or, not delineating a self possessed of form and infinite, one does not delineate that 'My self is possessed of form and infinite.' Or, not delineating a self formless and finite, one does not delineate that 'My self is formless and finite.' Or, not delineating a self formless and infinite, one does not delineate that 'My self is formless and infinite.'
"Now, the one who, when not delineating a self, does not delineate it as possessed of form and finite, does not delineate it as possessed of form and finite in the present, nor does he delineate it as of such a nature that it will [naturally] become possessed of form and finite [in the future/after death], nor does he believe that 'Although it is not yet that way, I will convert it into being that way.' This being the case, it is proper to say that a fixed view of a self possessed of form and finite does not lie latent [within that person].
"The one who, when not delineating a self, does not delineate it as possessed of form and infinite, does not delineate it as possessed of form and infinite in the present, nor does he delineate it as of such a nature that it will [naturally] become possessed of form and infinite [in the future/after death], nor does he believe that 'Although it is not yet that way, I will convert it into being that way.' This being the case, it is proper to say that a fixed view of a self possessed of form and infinite does not lie latent [within that person].
"The one who, when not delineating a self, does not delineate it as formless and finite, does not delineate it as formless and finite in the present, nor does he delineate it as of such a nature that it will [naturally] become formless and finite [in the future/after death], nor does he believe that 'Although it is not yet that way, I will convert it into being that way.' This being the case, it is proper to say that a fixed view of a self formless and finite does not lie latent [within that person].
"The one who, when not delineating a self, does not delineate it as formless and infinite, does not delineate it as formless and infinite in the present, nor does he delineate it as of such a nature that it will [naturally] become formless and infinite [in the future/after death], nor does he believe that 'Although it is not yet that way, I will convert it into being that way.' This being the case, it is proper to say that a fixed view of a self formless and infinite does not lie latent [within that person].
(Assumptions of a Self)
"To what extent, Ananda, does one assume when assuming a self? Assuming feeling to be the self, one assumes that 'Feeling is my self' [or] 'Feeling is not my self: My self is oblivious [to feeling]' [or] 'Neither is feeling my self, nor is my self oblivious to feeling, but rather my self feels, in that my self is subject to feeling.'
"Now, one who says, 'Feeling is my self,' should be addressed as follows: 'There are these three feelings, my friend -- feelings of pleasure, feelings of pain, and feelings of neither pleasure nor pain. Which of these three feelings do you assume to be the self?' At a moment when a feeling of pleasure is sensed, no feeling of pain or of neither pleasure nor pain is sensed. Only a feeling of pleasure is sensed at that moment. At a moment when a feeling of pain is sensed, no feeling of pleasure or of neither pleasure nor pain is sensed. Only a feeling of pain is sensed at that moment. At a moment when a feeling of neither pleasure nor pain is sensed, no feeling of pleasure or of pain is sensed. Only a feeling of neither pleasure nor pain is sensed at that moment.
"Now, a feeling of pleasure is inconstant, fabricated, dependent on conditions, subject to passing away, dissolution, fading, and cessation. A feeling of pain is inconstant, fabricated, dependent on conditions, subject to passing away, dissolution, fading, and cessation. A feeling of neither pleasure nor pain is inconstant, fabricated, dependent on conditions, subject to passing away, dissolution, fading, and cessation. Having sensed a feeling of pleasure as 'my self,' then with the cessation of one's very own feeling of pleasure, 'my self' has perished. Having sensed a feeling of pain as 'my self,' then with the cessation of one's very own feeling of pain, 'my self' has perished. Having sensed a feeling of neither pleasure nor pain as 'my self,' then with the cessation of one's very own feeling of neither pleasure nor pain, 'my self' has perished.
"Thus he assumes, assuming in the immediate present a self inconstant, entangled in pleasure and pain, subject to arising and passing away, he who says, 'Feeling is my self.' Thus in this manner, Ananda, one does not see fit to assume feeling to be the self.
"As for the person who says, 'Feeling is not the self: My self is oblivious [to feeling],' he should be addressed as follows: 'My friend, where nothing whatsoever is sensed (experienced) at all, would there be the thought, "I am"?'"
"No, lord."
"Thus in this manner, Ananda, one does not see fit to assume that 'Feeling is not my self: My self is oblivious [to feeling].'
"As for the person who says, 'Neither is feeling my self, nor is my self oblivious [to feeling], but rather my self feels, in that my self is subject to feeling,' he should be addressed as follows: 'My friend, should feelings altogether and every way stop without remainder, then with feeling completely not existing, owing to the cessation of feeling, would there be the thought, "I am"?'"
"No, lord."
"Thus in this manner, Ananda, one does not see fit to assume that 'Neither is feeling my self, nor is my self oblivious [to feeling], but rather my self feels, in that my self is subject to feeling.'
"Now, Ananda, in as far as a monk does not assume feeling to be the self, nor the self as oblivious, nor that 'My self feels, in that my self is subject to feeling,' then, not assuming in this way, he is not sustained by anything (does not cling to anything) in the world. Unsustained, he is not agitated. Unagitated, he is totally unbound right within. He discerns that 'Birth is ended, the holy life fulfilled, the task done. There is nothing further for this world.'
"If anyone were to say with regard to a monk whose mind is thus released that 'The Tathagata exists after death,' is his view, that would be mistaken; that 'The Tathagata does not exist after death'...that 'The Tathagata both exists and does not exist after death'...that 'The Tathagata neither exists nor does not exist after death' is his view, that would be mistaken. Why? Having directly known the extent of designation and the extent of the objects of designation, the extent of expression and the extent of the objects of expression, the extent of description and the extent of the objects of description, the extent of discernment and the extent of the objects of discernment, the extent to which the cycle revolves: Having directly known that, the monk is released. [To say that,] 'The monk released, having directly known that, does not see, does not know is his opinion,' that would be mistaken.
(Seven Stations of Consciousness)
"Ananda, there are these seven stations of consciousness and two spheres. Which seven?
"There are beings with diversity of body and diversity of perception, such as human beings, some devas, and some beings in the lower realms. This is the first station of consciousness.
"There are beings with diversity of body and singularity of perception, such as the devas of the Brahma hosts generated by the first [jhana]. This is the second station of consciousness.
"There are beings with singularity of body and diversity of perception, such as the Radiant Devas. This is the third station of consciousness.
"There are beings with singularity of body and singularity of perception, such as the Beautifully Lustrous Devas. This is the fourth station of consciousness.
"There are beings who,with the complete transcending of perceptions of [physical] form, with the disappearance of perceptions of resistance, and not heeding perceptions of diversity, thinking, 'Infinite space,' arrive at the sphere of the infinitude of space. This is the fifth station of consciousness.
"There are beings who, with the complete transcending of the sphere of the infinitude of space, thinking, 'Infinite consciousness,' arrive at the sphere of the infinitude of consciousness. This is the sixth station of consciousness.
"There are beings who, with the complete transcending of the sphere of the infinitude of consciousness, thinking, 'There is nothing,' arrive at the sphere of nothingness. This is the seventh station of consciousness.
"The sphere of non-percipient beings and, second, the sphere of neither perception nor non-perception. [These are the two spheres.]
"Now, as for the first station of consciousness -- beings with diversity of body and diversity of perception, such as human beings, some devas, and some beings in the lower realms: If one discerns that [station of consciousness], discerns its origination, discerns its passing away, discerns its allure, discerns its drawbacks, discerns the escape from it, would it be proper, by means of that [discernment] to take delight there?"
"No, lord."
(Similarly with each of the remaining stations of consciousness and two spheres.)
"Ananda, when knowing -- as they actually are -- the origination, passing away, allure, drawbacks of -- and escape from -- these seven stations of consciousness and two spheres, a monk is release through lack of clinging, he is said to be a monk released through discernment.
(Eight Emancipations)
"Ananda, there are these eight emancipations. Which eight?
"Possessed of form, one sees forms. This is the first emancipation.
"Not percipient of form internally, one sees forms externally. This is the second emancipation.
"One is intent only on the beautiful. This is the third emancipation.
"With the complete transcending of perceptions of [physical] form, with the disappearance of perceptions of resistance, and not heeding perceptions of diversity, thinking, 'Infinite space,' one enters and remains in the sphere of the infinitude of space. This is the fourth emancipation.
"With the complete transcending of the sphere of the infinitude of space, thinking, 'Infinite consciousness,' one enters and remains in the sphere of the infinitude of consciousness. This is the fifth emancipation.
"With the complete transcending of the sphere of the infinitude of consciousness, thinking, 'There is nothing,' one enters and remains in the sphere of nothingness. This is the sixth emancipation.
"With the complete transcending of the sphere of nothingness, one enters and remains in the sphere of neither perception nor non-perception. This is the seventh emancipation.
"With the complete transcending of the sphere of neither perception nor non-perception, one enters and remains in the cessation of perception and feeling. This is the eighth emancipation.
"Now, when a monk attains these eight emancipations in forward order, in reverse order, in forward and reverse order, when he attains them and emerges from them wherever he wants, however he wants, and for as long as he wants, when through the ending of the mental fermentations he enters and remains in the fermentation-free release of awareness and release of discernment, having directly known it and realized it in the here and now, he is said to be a monk released in both ways. And as for another release in both ways, higher or more sublime than this, there is none."
That is what the Blessed One said. Gratified, Ven. Ananda delighted in the Blessed One's words.
See also:
- Bodhi, Bhikkhu, trans., The Great Discourse on Causation: The Maha-Nidana Sutta and its Commentaries (Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1984).
- Warder, A. K., Indian Buddhism (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1980), Chapter 5.
Source: Access-to-Insight, http://www.accesstoinsight.org/canon/digha/dn15.html
[Mục lục Trường Bộ Kinh][Trở về trang Thư Mục]


Gerardo Parra, known for 'Baby Shark' walk-up music, leaves Nationals to sign with Japan team
by Ryan GaydosGerardo Parra, who became a fan favorite with the Washington Nationals for his “Baby Shark” walk-up music, has signed a contract with the Yomiuri Giants of Japan’s Central League.
The Nationals signed Parra in May after he was released from the San Francisco Giants. He became a backup on the World Series-winning team. In 89 games with Washington, he batted .250 with a .747 OPS and eight home runs.
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Parra became a notable player nationally after he changed his walk-up song to “Baby Shark” after seeing his 2-year-old daughter dance to it. The song became an anthem and a rallying cry for the team that was 19-31 at one point during the season.
Fans and teammates made shark-inspired hand gestures after each hit as other players worked out wearing headbands with the image of a cartoon shark. Some fans even came to games dressed in shark costumes.
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“I never do nothing intentional,” Parra told The Washington Post during the Nationals’ playoff run. “Everything I do, I do from my heart because, if you don’t do it from your heart, nothing happen like it will happen right now.”
Parra is a two-time Gold Glove Award winner. He first appeared in the majors at 22 with the Arizona Diamondbacks.
CLICK HERE FOR MORE SPORTS COVERAGE ON FOXNEWS.COM
He joins a Yomiuri Giants team that won the Central League pennant this season for the first time in five years.


Melbourne is the capital of Victoria and lies at the head of a very large bay (20nm wide and 40nm long), Port Philip Bay, the entrance to which is only 2nm wide.
The commercial Port of Melbourne lies to the east of the Yarra River which leads into the heart of the city.
Position 37°48′49″S, 144°57′47″E.
Boarding Station for arrival - contact Customs and Quarantine for information on anchorage/berthing.
Last updated January 2014.
There is a large range of berthing options here. Either at the entrance to the Yarra River at Williamstown or right up the river to the heart of the city at Docklands. Visitors can berth where there are green caps on the marina piles.
There is a large anchorage area in Hobsons Bay, off Williamstown.
Last updated January 2014.


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This email was sent by a user triggered event and thus can't really be unsubscribed from.
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You can register your tasks to MBBVC: Matsuo BBVC platform.
/* * Madoop implementation example: word count: map function */ #include #include #include #include std::vector split(const std::string &, char); extern "C" { // REQUIRED to prevent C++ name mangling extern void emit(const char*, const char*); // REQUIRED to emit key-value pairs void map(const char* data) { // Count the number of occurrences of each word const std::string &data_str = std::string(data); std::unordered_map hashmap; const std::vector &words = split(data_str, ' '); for (auto &element: words) { hashmap[element]++; } // Emit key-value pairs for (auto &element: hashmap) { const std::string &key = element.first; const std::string &value = std::to_string(element.second); emit(key.c_str(), value.c_str()); } } } // Split `std::string` with `char` std::vector split(const std::string &str, char sep) { std::vector v; std::stringstream ss(str); std::string buffer; while(std::getline(ss, buffer, sep)) { v.push_back(buffer); } return v; }
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.


{% include h3-anchor.html text="Graph Settings" %}
The Graph Settings section includes general settings that control how the graph is rendered. Use the Display Axes toggle, or press Shift + A, to toggle the visibility of the axes. Use the Display Grid toggle, or press Shift + G, to toggle the visibility of the grid.
The Edge Settings section provides settings that control how edges are rendered. The Bundle Factor controls the curvature of edges when there are multiple edges between two nodes. Higher values will fan out the edges while lower values will bring them closer.
When multiple tuples of a field begin and end at the same atom, the labels for those tuples are all placed on the same graph edge rather than drawing an edge for each one individually. The Label Placement setting controls how multiple labels are arranged along an edge.
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Center | Places all labels at the center of the edge |
| Join | Combine all labels into a single, comma separated label |
| Spread | Evenly spread the labels along the length of the edge |


I wanted to make a brief post about GPS and how it works; hopefully, it will increase your knowledge as it has mine.
-
posts
-
Understanding GPS
-
Reverse Engineering Convolutional Codes
I’ve recently been reading through Daniel Estevez’s blog because I wanted to learn more about reverse engineering signals. If your unfamiliar, Daniel Estevez is the code owner/maintainer/big boi of gr-satellites, a very popular OOT module for gnuradio that supports decoding 80+ satellites.
 Then this post is for you!
-
Just another Pihole guide
Here’s a quick how-to for setting up a Pihole server at home.
-
How to configure your IoT GPS modules
A few years ago, I had a project that required me to collect GPS along with the db of cell towers, so I could triangulate their location. I went down a rabbit hole trying to figure out how to configure the GPS module to output data in the format I wanted; I wasted more time than I’m willing to admit to, so I decided that this might help someone avoid raging at a piece of equipment that couldn’t possibly fight back.
-
Intro to Software Defined Radio: Part I
For the past 4 years or so I’ve tinkered with Software Defined Radios (SDR), but until recently my knowledge of them was fairly limited. So, today I hope to impart some of my wisdom onto you.
-
How to Setup a Homelab: Making a Parts List
A few years ago, I built my first homelab server; I remember it being a bit of a daunting task and decided it might be helpful to share a few insights.
-
MagicMirror Build
Here’s a little project I’ve worked on a few weeks ago. It’s a semi-intelligent magic mirror I put together. It was relatively cheap to put together since I got the monitor for free and already had a pi lying around.
-
Turning GPT-2 into Alex Jones
This post is me riding the coattails of the GPT-2 hype train. Now for those that don’t know, GPT-2 is a machine learning model that is very effective at text generation. It can maintain context over a long period of text making it more ‘human’ than previous algorithms.
-
Expanding your VMs in ESXi
This was pesky enough that I thought it merited a small post. I recently ran out of media on my Ubuntu VM on my ESXi v6.5 homelab. And went on a small adventure trying to figure out what to slap in the terminal to get more space. So hopefully this might save someone else more time.
-
Capital Gains vs. Dividends vs. Critical Thought
I’ve seen a recent trend on youtube where people post about the success of their dividend portfolio and the ‘power blue-chip dividend stocks’.
-
Setting up CCTV with MotionEyeOS
Recently, my paranoia of home invasion has reached a climax; So in addition to setting up a MotionEye cam pointed at my door, I’ve also decided I need a CCTV-like capability to monitor my door at all times while I’m at my desk.
-
Setting a MotionEyeOS Webcam
This guide is for anyone who wants to set up a MotionEye cam. You’ll need a raspberry pi (I recommend a pi 3b or better, but you can get away with a 2), a ~gb sd card, raspberry pi camera and ribbon cable, and a 5v power supply.
-
What I did in 2019
I know this is probably coming a little late compared to some. But that’s just who I am.


2. Configuration and Installing Packages¶
- 2.1. Configuration
- 2.2. Building and installing packages
- 2.2.1. Building and installing a system package
- 2.2.2. Building and installing a user package
- 2.2.3. Installing packages from Hackage
- 2.2.4. Developing with sandboxes
- 2.2.5. Creating a binary package
- 2.2.6. setup configure
- 2.2.7. setup build
- 2.2.8. setup haddock
- 2.2.9. setup hscolour
- 2.2.10. setup install
- 2.2.11. setup copy
- 2.2.12. setup register
- 2.2.13. setup unregister
- 2.2.14. setup clean
- 2.2.15. setup test
- 2.2.16. setup sdist


% include ../partials/head.html %>
Page Title
Members
<% include ../partials/head.html %>
Page subhead in sentence form
<% include ../partials/foot.html %> <% include ../partials/footerScripts.html %>


This module queries process memory allocation metrics from the operating system. It provides a platform independent layer to get the amount of virtual and physical memory allocated to the Python process.
Different mechanisms are implemented: Either the process stat file is read (Linux), the ps command is executed (BSD/OSX/Solaris) or the resource module is queried (Unix fallback). On Windows try to use the win32 module if available. If all fails, return 0 for each attribute.
Windows without the win32 module is not supported.
>>> from pympler.process import ProcessMemoryInfo
>>> pmi = ProcessMemoryInfo()
>>> print ("Virtual size [Byte]: " + str(pmi.vsz))
Virtual size [Byte]: ...
Stores information about various process-level memory metrics. The virtual size is stored in attribute vsz, the physical memory allocated to the process in rss, and the number of (major) pagefaults in pagefaults. On Linux, data_segment, code_segment, shared_segment and stack_segment contain the number of Bytes allocated for the respective segments. This is an abstract base class which needs to be overridden by operating system specific implementations. This is done when importing the module.
Refresh the information using platform instruments. Returns true if this operation yields useful values on the current platform.
Convenience function to check if the current platform is supported by this module.


--- layout: post title: "Easy domain modelling with types" date: 2016-11-28 07:21 UTC tags: [Software Design, F#] --- {% include JB/setup %}
Algebraic data types make domain modelling easy.
People often ask me if I think that F# is a good general-purpose language, and when I emphatically answer yes!, the natural next question is: why?
For years, I've been able to answer this question in the abstract, but I've been looking for a good concrete example with which I could illustrate the answer. I believe that I've now found such an example.
The abstract answer, by the way, is that F# has algebraic data types, which makes domain modelling much easier than in languages that don't have such types. Don't worry if the word 'algebraic' sounds scary, though. It's not at all difficult to understand, and I'll show you a simple example.
Payment types
At the moment, I'm working on an integration project: I'm developing a RESTful API that serves as Facade in front of a third-party payment provider. The third-party provider exposes their own API and web-based GUI that enable our end users to pay for services using credit cards, PayPal, and so on. The API that I'm developing presents a simplified, RESTful API to other clients in our organisation.
The example you're going to see here is real code that I'm writing in order to implement the desired functionality.
The system must be able to handle several different types of payment:
You can indicate the type of payment when interacting with the payment service's JSON-based API, like this:
{ ... "StartRecurrent": "false" ... }
Obviously, as the (illegal) ellipses suggests, there's much more data associated with a payment, but that's not important in this example. Since StartRecurrent
is false
, this is either an individual payment, or a child payment. If you want to start a long-term relationship, you must create a parent payment and set StartRecurrent
to true
.
Child payments, however, are a bit different, because you have to tell the payment service about the parent payment:
{ ... "OriginalTransactionKey": "1234ABCD", "StartRecurrent": "false" ... }
As you can see, when making a child payment, you supply the transaction ID for the parent payment. (This ID is given to you by the payment service when you initiate the parent payment.)
In this case, you're clearly not starting a new recurrent transaction.
There are two dimensions of variation in this example: StartRecurrent
and OriginalTransactionKey
. Let's put them in a table:
"StartRecurrent" : "false" |
"StartRecurrent" : "true" |
|
|---|---|---|
"OriginalTransactionKey" : null |
Individual | Parent |
"OriginalTransactionKey" : "1234ABCD" |
Child | (Illegal) |
OriginalTransactionKey
and setting StartRecurrent
to true
is illegal, or, in best case, meaningless.
How would you model the rules laid out in the above table? In languages like C#, it's difficult, but in F# it's easy.
C# attempts
Most C# developers would, I think, attempt to model a payment transaction with a class. If they aim for poka-yoke design, they might come up with a design like this:
public class PaymentType { public PaymentType(bool startRecurrent) { this.StartRecurrent = startRecurrent; } public PaymentType(string originalTransactionKey) { if (originalTransactionKey == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(originalTransactionKey)); this.StartRecurrent = false; this.OriginalTransactionKey = originalTransactionKey; } public bool StartRecurrent { private set; get; } public string OriginalTransactionKey { private set; get; } }
This goes a fair way towards making illegal states unrepresentable, but it doesn't communicate to a fellow programmer how it should be used.
Code that uses instances of this PaymentType
class could attempt to read the OriginalTransactionKey
, which, depending on the type of payment, could return null. That sort of design leads to defensive coding.
Other people might attempt to solve the problem by designing a class hierarchy:
(A variation on this design is to define an IPayment
interface, and three concrete classes that implement that interface.)
This design trades better protection of invariants for violations of the Liskov Substitution Principle. Clients will have to (attempt to) downcast to subtypes in order to access all relevant data (particularly OriginalTransactionKey
).
For completeness sake, I can think of at least one other option with significantly different trade-offs: applying the Visitor design pattern. This is, however, quite a complex solution, and most people will find the disadvantages greater than the benefits.
Is it such a big deal, then? After all, it's only a single data value (OriginalTransactionKey
) that may or may not be there. Surely, most programmers will be able to deal with that.
This may be true in this isolated case, but keep in mind that this is only a motivating example. In many other situations, the domain you're trying to model is much more intricate, with many more exceptions to general rules. The more dimensions you add, the more difficult it becomes to reason about the code.
F# model
F#, on the other hand, makes dealing with such problems so simple that it's almost anticlimactic. The reason is that F#'s type system enables you to model alternatives of data, in addition to the combinations of data that C# (or Java) enables. Such alternatives are called discriminated unions.
In the code base I'm currently developing, I model the various payment types like this:
type PaymentService = { Name : string; Action : string } type PaymentType = | Individual of PaymentService | Parent of PaymentService | Child of originalTransactionKey : string * paymentService : PaymentService
Here, PaymentService
is a record type with some data about the payment (e.g. which credit card to use).
Even if you're not used to reading F# code, you can see three alternatives outlined on each of the three lines of code that start with a vertical bar (|
). The PaymentType
type has exactly three 'subtypes' (they're called cases, though). The illegal state of a non-null OriginalTransactionKey
combined with StartRecurrent
value of true
is not possible. It can't be compiled.
Not only that, but all clients given a PaymentType
value must deal with all three cases (or the compiler will issue a warning). Here's one example where our code is creating the JSON document to send to the payment service:
let name, action, startRecurrent, transaction = match req.PaymentType with | Individual { Name = name; Action = action } -> name, action, false, None | Parent { Name = name; Action = action } -> name, action, true, None | Child (transactionKey, { Name = name; Action = action }) -> name, action, false, Some transactionKey
This code example also extracts name
and action
from the PaymentType
value, but the relevant values to be aware of are startRecurrent
and transaction
.
startRecurrent
becomes false
and transaction
becomes None
(meaning that the value is missing).startRecurrent
becomes true
and transaction
becomes None
.startRecurrent
becomes false
and transaction
becomes Some transactionKey
.transactionKey
is only available when the payment is a child payment.
The values startRecurrent
and transaction
(as well as name
and action
) are then used to create a JSON document. I'm not showing that part of the code here, since there's actually a lot going on in the real code base, and it's not related to how to model the domain. Imagine that these values are passed to a constructor.
This is a real-world example that, I hope, demonstrates why I prefer F# over C# for domain modelling. The type system enables me to model alternatives as well as combinations of data, and thereby making illegal states unrepresentable - all in only a few lines of code.
Summary
Classes, in languages like C# and Java, enable you to model combinations of data. The more fields or properties you add to a class, the more combinations are possible. This is often useful, but sometimes you need to be able to model alternatives, rather than combinations.
Some languages, like F#, Haskell, OCaml, Elm, Kotlin, and many others, have type systems that give you the power to model both combinations and alternatives. Such types systems are said to have algebraic data types, but while the word sounds 'mathy', such types make it much easier to model complex domains.
There are more reasons to love F# than only its algebraic data types, but this is the foremost reason I find it a better language for mainstream development work than C#.
If you want to see a more complex example of modelling with types, a good next step would be the first article in my Types + Properties = Software article series.
Finally, I should be careful that I don't oversell the idea of making illegal states unrepresentable. Algebraic data types give you an extra dimension in which you can model domains, but there are still rules that they can't enforce. As an example, you can't state that integers must only fall in a certain range (e.g. only positive integers allowed). There are other type systems, such as dependent types, that give you even more power to embed domain rules into types, but as far as I know, there are no type systems that can fully model all rules as types. You'll still have to write some code as well.
The article is an instalment in the 2016 F# Advent calendar.
Comments
Mark,
I must be missing something important but it seems to me that the only advantage of using F# in this case is that the match is enforced to be exhaustive by the compiler.  In all other respects, the solution is basically equivalent to the C# class hierarchy approach.
Am I mistaken?


graybar-electric
Businessmodel of Graybar Electric
Customer Segments
Graybar provides products and services to large commercial and institutional clients across multiple sectors. The Company reports its customers in the following categories:
- Construction, principally comprising contractors and installers that perform new construction and renovation of commercial and industrial facilities and utility infrastructure;
- Commercial, Institutional and Government, comprising commercial office, warehouse, and retail facilities; federal, state, and local governmental agencies; and education and health care bodies;
- Industrial and Utility, comprising facility maintenance and repair businesses, original equipment manufacturers, broadband utility and electrical transmission companies, and distribution infrastructure. Graybar typically supports new construction projects, infrastructure updates, building renovations, facility maintenance and repair operations. The Construction industry accounted for 56.2% of the Company’s sales in 2015, with the Commercial, Institutional and Government and Industrial and Utility accounting respectively for 22.4% and 21.4%.
The majority of Graybar’s sales are made in the US. The Company also serves customers in Canada and Puerto Rico.
Value Propositions
Graybar provides value to its customers in the following ways:
- Its reputation and track record, with the Company established as a reliable wholesale distributor, having a track record for successful delivery of products;
- Its expertise and experience, with the Company employing a team of highly-trained specialist personnel across its network of facilities, led by an experienced executive leadership team;
- Its extensive and efficient distribution network, with the Company operating extensive physical distribution infrastructure, enabling the Company to reach customers quickly and efficiently; and
- Its broad portfolio of products and services, with the Company offering a range of products and services that support operations and projects across multiple business sectors. ### Channels
Graybar operates a website at www.graybar.com, through which it provides information on its various products, services, and activities. The Company also operates an online store, where customers can browse the Company’s catalogue of products, make purchases, and schedule deliveries. This online platform is supported by a mobile application, which is available on iOS and Android devices.
Graybar primarily sells its products – which are manufactured or provided by third-parties – through a network of sales offices and distribution facilities distributed across thirteen geographical districts in the US. The Company operates multiple distribution facilities in each district, each of which carries an inventory of products and operates as a wholesale distributor for the territory in which it is located. Some districts have sales offices that do not carry inventory, where specialist sales teams serve clients directly. Graybar also has seven national distribution centres and ten regional distribution centres, which replenish inventories carried at the Company’s other US distribution facilities and make shipments directly to customers.
Graybar’s foreign sales are made principally through subsidiary operations in Canada and Puerto Rico, which includes sales offices and distribution centres.
Customer Relationships
Graybar offers many of its products to customers on a self-service basis through its online store, which enables customers to browse the company’s products, make purchase orders, arrange deliveries, and manage account details without interacting directly with members of the Company’s sales and support teams.
Graybar’s in-house sales and support teams consult directly with customers, providing a more personalised service. The Company works with its customers to establish the details of sales and distribution contracts, in order to fully fulfil the requirements of each individual customer. Graybar has temporary and recurring employee relationships.
Customers are able to contact Graybar’s support teams over the phone, via email, or through online contact forms, enabling them to receive personalised responses to queries and complaints. The Company also provides information on its attendance at various industry events, and publishes various articles on its website covering industry and company developments.
Additionally, customers are able to interact directly with Graybar through its social media accounts, including with LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Google+.
Key Activities
Graybar is an employee-owned wholesale distributor of electrical, communications, and data networking products. The Company distributes approximately one million products purchased from more than 4,600 manufacturers and suppliers to customers operating across three customer segments: Construction, including contractors and installers; Commercial, Institutional, and Government, including educational and healthcare institutions, government agencies, and commercial offices and retail facilities. Graybar’s product portfolio includes distribution equipment, building and industrial wire, incandescent lighting, telecommunications equipment, data cables and cords, wiring devices, fasteners, and maintenance and repair supplies. Graybar serves customers across the US, as well as in Puerto Rico and Canada, through its own extensive network of distribution and sales infrastructure.
Key Partners
Graybar collaborates with various companies throughout its procurement and distribution of merchandise. These partners include:
- Supplier and Sourcing Partners, comprising suppliers of merchandise and products, which account for the Company’s catalogue f products, as well as suppliers of services, tools, and technologies;
- Academic and Educational Partners, comprising various academic and educational institutions, with which the Company collaborates on tuition programs and employee training schemes;
- Institutional Partners, comprising various regulatory bodies and trade organisations, with which the Company cooperates on industry projects and schemes; and
- Strategic and Alliance Partners, comprising various companies and organisations with which the Company shares resources and collaborates on joint projects. Graybar’s industry affiliates include the National Association of Electrical Distributors, Independent Electrical Contractors, and the Communications, Cable and Connectivity Association. Graybar also recently launched a partnership with energy management company BOSS Controls.
Key Resources
Graybar’s key resources are its supply chain network and catalogue of products, its online and mobile platforms, its IT and communications infrastructure, its distribution and sales infrastructure, its partnerships, and its personnel.
Graybar owns and leases a number of properties across the US, Canada, and Puerto Rico, including regional and national distribution centres and various sales offices, comprising a total of more than 200 facilities.
Cost Structure
Graybar incurs costs in relation to the management of its supply chain and the procurement of products and materials, the development and maintenance of its online and mobile platforms, the maintenance of its IT and communications infrastructure, the operation and maintenance of its distribution and sales infrastructure, the management of its partnerships, and the retention of its personnel.
In 2015 Graybar accrued $965.13 million in selling, general and administrative costs, which included the payment of certain outgoing freight expenses and the payment of salaries and benefits to the Company’s workforce of 8,300 employees. The Company’s largest expense, however, related to costs associated with merchandise sold, which totaled $4.96 billion for the year.
Revenue Streams
Graybar generates revenue primarily through the sale and distribution of various electrical products – including distribution equipment, building and industrial wire, lighting products, data cables and cords, wiring devices, telecommunications equipment, fasteners, and maintenance and repair supplies.
The Company makes these sales through distribution contracts with its clients, as well as through sales made via its online store. Graybar additionally derives a small portion of its revenue from the provision of supply chain management and logistics services.
In 2015 Graybar generated net sales of $6.11 billion, up on the $5.98 billion recorded by the Company in 2014. The vast majority of the Company’s sales revenue is attributed to sales of its merchandise and products, with service revenue representing less than 1% of net sales for the year.


We are specialised in inclusive onboarding processes. Our main goal is increasing diversity at work place and creating mentorship programs which help companies embrace difference.
All of our hiring managers, interviewers and recruiters have been trained to understand and counteract their unconscious and conscious biases. Our hiring process and use techniques are fair (inclusive language in job ads, blind CV reviews, and standardized questions and scoring in interviews).
Our inclusive work ecosystem offers unbiased and respectful treatment, regardless of the environment. Inclusion celebrates the things that make all of us different, like age, gender, religion, education, etc. and how these differences offer empowerment and connection.


The internet. Something most everyone knows of, but probably not too much about how it actually works. Sure, we all have this vague idea about ISPs and connecting to webpages, but the actual ins-and-outs are somewhat of a mystery for the average internet user. I have to admit even I was a little hazy about the specifics of the process, so I decided to do a little research and provide a little more of the advanced basics. All right, all right, we'll go with Intermediate-Basics of the internet.
Let's begin with, well, the beginning. The internet is not one big fancy machine that controls all of the world's internet usage, it is actually a series of machines, called servers. Think of the internet as a straight line, or a wire (which in most cases it is). The wires by themselves don't really contribute much in the way of content, or abilities other than passing information, so we need other machine that connect directly into that wire to provide us with that content. There are our servers, and they are connected directly to the internet. Webpages, databases, and any other information that is available on the internet is stored on these servers, allowing anyone who calls on the correct server location (IP addresses, which I will talk about in a bit) to access the information stored on the server's hard drive.
How does your request know where to go? Well that's where IP addresses are. They are exactly the same as your home address, or your office. An IP address is a unique number code that only one computer/server can have. IP addresses are usually set up as nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn (all numbers), which is a pretty uncomfortable item to memorize anytime you want to go to a website. Instead of having to type in all those numbers, we can give those locations names, like www.facebook.com.
Remember what I said about servers being directly connected to the internet? Well, your computer is connected indirectly rather than directly. Our home computers connect to the internet through an ISP (Internet Service Provider), which then routes our requests (webpages, emails, IMs, etc) to the proper place around the internet, sometimes having to through another ISP, such as me being on comcast and my mother being on AOL, even though I told her nobody uses @aol.com anymore but she really likes that guy telling her she's got ma
So let's recap - The internet is not some all powerful mysterious force created by man to govern over all of the information in the world. It is simply a wire that allows us to send things from point a to point b, albeit through multiple routers and ISPs and whatever else it takes. Each places that connects to the internet has a unique ISP and thus allows for that computer to receive the information it has requested. I hope this was able to give you a little bit more about how the internet actually works, and brings less confusion as to how that Nigerian prince is able to find you wherever you go.


An extremely simple example of the UndoBuffer in action.
This project loads a simple Angular structure, populates a dummy project and stores each iteration of the project in the undo buffer.
{{project | json}}


Concepts
ICW Workbench
Supervisor
Students
Mentor
System Analysis
Reliability
Robustness
Compexity
Performance
Hardware
Single Unit
Comparitive
Components
Memory
Bus
Network
M
1
M
2
IC = 2,487 instr
CPI = 2.6 cyc/instr
Clock = 4.6 GHz
Performance Calculation for M
Time
=
IC
x
CPI
x
Clock Period
=
=
IC = 2,487 instr
CPI = 3.8 cyc/instr
Clock = 2.3 GHz


% include header.html %>
Just separate addresses with commas; we'll take care of the rest.
Before doing anything crazy, make sure you check or export your data! This cannot be undone.
Deleting your account cannot be undone. Type DELETE below to verify you're serious about it!
This is a security log of important events involving your account.


--- name: stuck-at-gnupg layout: post title: GNUPG and python time: 2013-06-12 17:23:00.001000 +05.30 tags: gsoc gnupg python ---
So this post talks about what gpg is, what are the various problems that can be solved using gpg and about python-gnupg library which can be used to sign a message or file using python
For now python-gnupg allows detached signatures from file type objects, but what if we want to verify some text with a detached signature in the form on string in out application? StringIO module has been of some help but I am up researching how to use it better. Once I am done with it I will resume to this post.


We have gathered thousands and thousands of Dad Jokes that you can buy with only 100 credits. They guaranteed to make you laugh! Remember, once you buy it, you can keep it forever in you dashboard.
<% if (currentUser.credits < 100) { %> Buy a Dad Joke <% } else { %> Buy a Dad Joke <% } %> 100 creditsWant to earn credits quick? Gambling is for you. You can either win double, triple, or quadruple your money in the matter of minutes, or lose it all. Play at your own risk!
Gamble!Feeling generous! Send it to a friend! All you need is their username and enough credits, and you can transfer as many credits you want!
Send to FriendYou have <%= currentUser.credits %> credits.


--- layout: post title: no title date: '2015-04-14T14:46:56+02:00' categories: - Storyboards picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/116403816691 ---


three.js
- 3d webgl render
You need to enable Javascript in your browser for this page to display properly.


New Game
animate
re-animate
======Elements======
switch turns
mega-draw
rules
rulebook
drag!?
Moves Left:
?
Player One Hand of Stones:
Draw 3 Stones
Draw 2
Draw 1
Player Two Hand of Stones:^^
Moves Left:


Learn to understand the Qur'aan
Join our Qur'aanic Arabic course in Johannesburg (Part-Time)
Registrations are closed for our current intake. The next intake will be in July 2020 Inshaa'Allah.
OUR INSTITUTE
Vision
Our aim is to enable English speakers to access the vast legacy of Islam by equipping them with the means to do so. We are passionate about reviving the culture of learning and making Islamic knowledge accessible to all demographics within our community.
Syllabus
Each lesson comprises of 4 components (tasked to different teachers), Nahw (Grammar), Sarf (Morphology), Qur'aan Translation and an Arabic reader. Our syllabus is designed to maximise the understanding of core concepts in the shortest time possible. This is achieved by harmonizing theory and practical application to the study of the Qur'aan and Arabic readers while integrating learning assistive technologies such as Google Classroom™ and our own practical homework and assessment tool.
Venue
Auckland Park Masjid Madrasah Complex,
46 Richmond Avenue, Auckland Park,
Johannesburg
Times
Our classes run on Saturdays from 09:00
am to 12:50 pm and Friday evenings
(corresponding to regular school terms).
It includes 32 contact sessions spread
over 10 months.
Classes set to commence on 17 and 18
January 2020 In sha Alaah.
Cost
Saturdays: R400 p.m x 10 months / R4000
once-off.
Fridays: R200 p.m x 10 months / R2000
once-off.
The 1st month's fee includes the course
material.
Make your dream of learning the language of the Qur'aan a reality!
OUR COURSE FACILITATORS
Graduate of Darul Ulum al-Arabiyyah al-Islamiyyah (DUAI), Strand
Graduate of Darul Ulum al-Arabiyyah al-Islamiyyah (DUAI), Strand
Graduate of Jami`ah al-`Ulum al-Islamiyyah, Fordsburg
Graduate of Darul Uloom Zakariyya, Zakariyya Park
Graduate of Jami`ah al-`Ulum al-Islamiyyah, Fordsburg
Graduate of Darul Uloom Zakariyya, Zakariyya Park
TESTIMONIALS
Sumayya H Vorajee (TEFL Teacher)
"Learning Muslim has changed my life and
become part of my extended family. Their
simplified approach, professionalism
towards what they do and sincere care
for their students is what sets them
apart, Alhamdulillah.”
“For some strange reason, I grew up
with the belief that understanding
Arabic (for Qur'aan and the Islamic
Sciences specifically) was meant for
Scholars and Shuyookh, and I moved
through life satisfied with a copy
of my Qur'aan translation. It is
only by Allah’s Grace that I
stumbled upon Learning Muslim, not
fully comprehending the decision
that I was about to make. A few
months into the course, I realised
that my initial belief was warped
and that this is a language that
anyone can acquire. Alhamdulillah,
this was partly because my teachers
explained the Arabic rules
concisely, and I found myself easily
understand it. My teachers were
patient and gentle — something which
lacked in some of my Madrassah
experiences. There was also mahabah
(love) amongst the students, and
this increased my love for the
religion, and Learning Muslim became
more than just my weekly Arabic
classes. The Qur'aan can be
accessible to you, in all its
splendor, if you immerse yourself in
studying it. Learning Muslim has
changed my life and become part of
my extended family. Their simplified
approach, their professionalism
towards what they do, and the
sincere care for their students is
what sets them apart, Alhamdulillah.
May Allah continue to bless my
teachers and my school.”
Muhammad Nathie (Product Manager)
"Studying at Learning Muslim is a
journey towards spiritual enlightenment,
where one takes time out of the busy
week, to increase knowledge and
ultimately practicing upon divine
scriptures of Qur'aan and Hadith. I
would encourage all, young an old, to
become part of the Learning Muslim
family."
1. I decided to embark on this
journey with Learning Muslim to
learn the fundamentals of the Arabic
language, through learning Grammar
(Nahwu) and Word Construction
(Sarf). Through this, my reading of
the Qur'aan, would be improved by
understanding the meaning, context,
and interpretation of Allah's divine
message. My aim was ultimately to
obtain reward for the pleasure of
Allah, in my humble attempt at
increasing my knowledge of what
Allah has blessed us and ordained
through His words. 2. It has been an
amazing journey being part of the
Learning Muslim family. Studying at
Learning Muslim not only improves
one's understanding of Arabic, but
also gaining access to a vast ocean
of Islamic knowledge through the set
curricula and advice from the
esteemed teachers. The learning
environment is interactive where all
Islamic concepts are applied
logically and practically to today's
contemporary and challenging world.
3. Studying at Learning Muslim is a
journey towards spiritual
enlightenment, where one takes time
out of the busy week, to increase
knowledge and ultimately practicing
upon divine scriptures of Qur'aan
and Hadith. I would encourage all,
young an old, to become part of the
Learning Muslim family, where we are
all committed to progressing our
collective knowledge of Islam.
Zubeida Rajah (MSc Microbiology)
"I have learned much الحمد لله with
highly qualified and dedicated teachers
and a well-structured curriculum its
been an exceptionally rewarding and
inspirational journey الحمد لله."
I have always wanted to study
Arabic, the language of the Qur'aan.
Learning Muslim was recommended by a
friend. I have learned much الحمد
لله with highly qualified and
dedicated teachers and a
well-structured curriculum its been
an exceptionally rewarding and
inspirational journey الحمد لله. I
have come closer to understanding
the Qur'aan. This has indeed
enhanced my love for the Qur'aan and
my Creator. I feel honored and truly
blessed سبحان الله. I highly
recommend studying at Learning
Muslim for an excellent learning
experience ان شاء الله.
FAQ (Click on the question to expand each section below)
* This is not a Qur'aan recitation class
- the desire to understand the Qur'aan directly in Arabic but have no Arabic background?
- the basic ability to read the Qur'aan?
- the commitment to attend lessons on Saturday's from 09:00 am to 12:50 pm?
- the perseverance to dedicate 2 hours of revision time per week at home?
- would like a learning environment that is comfortable, fun and uplifting?
- do you have access to Whatsapp, email and the internet (about 150mb per month)?
This is your opportunity to join students from teens to grandparents who have undertaken this journey.
The course is open to both males and females!
Note that no Arabic background is required just a basic ability to read the Qur'aan.
If you would like to have a practical idea about the course before registering you are welcome to sit in during the current first-year class on Saturday anytime between 09:00 am and 12:50 pm.
Please contact us to confirm if you would like to visit the class.
However, students are required to have a basic ability to read the Qur'aan although students will never be asked to read in class.
Students also need to have the commitment to revise the work covered every week as well as complete the homework exercises. This will require about 2 hours of revision every week.
The course is presented via MS PowerPoint.
Each lesson will be reinforced with numerous examples and exercises to ensure that the student gains mastery of the concepts before moving on to the next one. This will also include homework tutorials.
Lessons are interactive, fun and spiritually uplifting with both group and individual learning.
Students are never singled out for questions and assessments are optional.
The learning environment is comfortable and relaxed.
Technology to aid learning – a “blended-learning approach”
Classes are integrated with Google Classroom™ and presentations are accessible to students if required.
All class audio along with presentation and study materials is uploaded every week to enable students to catch-up on missed lessons or review class material.
Concept videos are sent to students to prepare before class or review work covered – this frees up more time for interaction in class.
Academic Support
Questions can be sent via email and Whatsapp between classes.
Fees are due at the beginning of each month.
The 1st month's fee includes the course material.
Please note that we prioritize the dissemination of knowledge above all and will not turn down any student who cannot afford the whole fee amount or part thereof.
If you would like to sponsor a student, please contact us using the contact information at the bottom of the page.
Registrations are closed for our current intake. The next intake will be in July 2020 Inshaa'Allah.
If we get 10+ people who are willing to attend such a class, we will start the process of setting up the course there InSha'Allah.
https://youtu.be/8w0JLuV1HLE
https://youtu.be/fkGw69ZfxAY
https://youtu.be/8GROrXrDNK0
Registrations are closed for our current intake. The next intake will be in July 2020 Inshaa'Allah.


[Erowid Warning: Our understanding of the literature is that there is no such thing as safe use of volatile solvents, aerosols and other street inhalants : their psychoactive effects are inseparable from nerve and organ damage. We have chosen to include these reports to help document the real world use of inhalants, but their inclusion is not intended to imply that they are anything but dangerous.]
I started huffing in my H.S. art class...of course rubber cement.
As I huffed with rubber cement I started to have auditory distortions like the sounds(voices,T.V. whatever)around me were pulsing and echoing at the same time. Then I got lightheaded,dizzy and almost like I was drunk. There is a little nasua and I could taste the chemical in my mouth. My mouth also POURS watery saliva. The high lasts about 5 min. then fades quickly.
I did this chemical for about 2 weeks 2-3 times a day.
Then I got a job at a wharehouse place. One night I noticed a can of areosol engine starter (you spray in in the carb aka ether). I read he can and it warned against inhaling the fumes(huffing).
I went to the bathroom and folded up one end of an empty toilet paper roll and put some t.p. in the bottom of it. As I sat on the toilet I sprayed the aerosol into the tube onto the toilet paper and started huffing. It was INTENSE,the auditory distortion of the MUZAC and the ceiling vent was very trippy. I was huffing for about 1.5 minutes with slow steady breaths through my nose. I remember saliva pouring out my mouth onto the floor between my feet. I was so out of it I almost fell of the pot...the next thing I remember my boss was beating on the bathrooom door.
I woke up on the floor with the tube about a foot from my nose.
I stood up very woozy with a slight headache. My boss said I had been missing for 4 hours...I had no explanation and was fired.
The memory of the whole episode with my boss is a blur but I can remember pieces.
I still think about what would have happened if the tube had landed closer to my nose after I had passed out.(DEATH) For the next couple of weeks(especially the next day)I felt dumbed down and not as sharp or 'smart' as I was before this experience. Eventually my memory of my level of brain 'sharpness' faded and the mind I have now is all I know...but I do know that my mind was once different.
I did not know HOW serious huffing was until that experience. I NEVER have huffed and never will again. I know I killed many brain cells. It's NOT worth it,smoke a joint or have couple of beers.
Huffing is SERIOUS. PLEASE don't ever try it.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


This is a paragraph that is under the sample header
This is a paragraph that is under the sample header 2
This is a sample paragraph which is under the sample header 3
This is a sample paragraph which is under the sample header 3
This is a paragraph that is under the same header 2


pxTimerBuffer #define NUM_TIMERS 5 /* An array to hold handles to the created timers. */ TimerHandle_t xTimers[ NUM_TIMERS ]; /* An array of StaticTimer_t structures, which are used to store the state of each created timer. */ StaticTimer_t xTimerBuffers[ NUM_TIMERS ]; /* Define a callback function that will be used by multiple timer instances. The callback function does nothing but count the number of times the associated timer expires, and stop the timer once the timer has expired 10 times. The count is saved as the ID of the timer. */ void vTimerCallback( TimerHandle_t xTimer ) { const uint32_t ulMaxExpiryCountBeforeStopping = 10; uint32_t ulCount; /* Optionally do something if the pxTimer parameter is NULL. */ configASSERT( pxTimer ); /* The number of times this timer has expired is saved as the timer's ID. Obtain the count. */ ulCount = ( uint32_t ) pvTimerGetTimerID( xTimer ); /* Increment the count, then test to see if the timer has expired ulMaxExpiryCountBeforeStopping yet. */ ulCount++; /* If the timer has expired 10 times then stop it from running. */ if( ulCount >= ulMaxExpiryCountBeforeStopping ) { /* Do not use a block time if calling a timer API function from a timer callback function, as doing so could cause a deadlock! */ xTimerStop( pxTimer, 0 ); } else { /* Store the incremented count back into the timer's ID field so it can be read back again the next time this software timer expires. */ vTimerSetTimerID( xTimer, ( void * ) ulCount ); } } void main( void ) { long x; /* Create then start some timers. Starting the timers before the RTOS scheduler has been started means the timers will start running immediately that the RTOS scheduler starts. */ for( x = 0; x < NUM_TIMERS; x++ ) { xTimers[ x ] = xTimerCreateStatic ( /* Just a text name, not used by the RTOS kernel. */ "Timer", /* The timer period in ticks, must be greater than 0. */ ( 100 * x ) + 100, /* The timers will auto-reload themselves when they expire. */ pdTRUE, /* The ID is used to store a count of the number of times the timer has expired, which is initialised to 0. */ ( void * ) 0, /* Each timer calls the same callback when it expires. */ vTimerCallback, /* Pass in the address of a StaticTimer_t variable, which will hold the data associated with the timer being created. */ &( xTimerBuffers[ x ] ); ); if( xTimers[ x ] == NULL ) { /* The timer was not created. */ } else { /* Start the timer. No block time is specified, and even if one was it would be ignored because the RTOS scheduler has not yet been started. */ if( xTimerStart( xTimers[ x ], 0 ) != pdPASS ) { /* The timer could not be set into the Active state. */ } } } /* ... Create tasks here. ... */ /* Starting the RTOS scheduler will start the timers running as they have already been set into the active state. */ vTaskStartScheduler(); /* Should not reach here. */ for( ;; ); }
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Copyright (C) 2004-2010 Richard Barry. Copyright
(C) 2010-2016 Real Time Engineers Ltd.
Any and all data, files, source code, html content and documentation included in the FreeRTOSTM distribution or available on this site are the exclusive property of Real Time Engineers Ltd.. See the files license.txt (included in the distribution) and this copyright notice for more information. FreeRTOSTM and FreeRTOS.orgTM are trade marks of Real Time Engineers Ltd. |


#include <tobjstrm.h>
Inheritance diagram for pstream::
Public Types | |
| enum | StreamableError { peNotRegistered, peInvalidType } |
| enum | PointerTypes { ptNull, ptIndexed, ptObject } |
Public Methods | |
| pstream (streambuf *buf) | |
| virtual | ~pstream () |
| int | rdstate () const |
| int | eof () const |
| int | fail () const |
| int | bad () const |
| int | good () const |
| void | clear (int sState=0) |
| operator void * () const | |
| int | operator! () const |
| streambuf* | rdbuf () const |
| void | error (StreamableError) |
| void | error (StreamableError, const TStreamable &) |
Static Public Methods | |
| void | initTypes () |
| void | registerType (TStreamableClass *ts) |
Protected Methods | |
| pstream () | |
| void | init (streambuf *sbp) |
| void | setstate (int b) |
Protected Attributes | |
| streambuf* | bp |
| int | state |
Static Protected Attributes | |
| TStreamableTypes* | types |
Definition at line 424 of file tobjstrm.h.
|
|
Undocumented. Definition at line 435 of file tobjstrm.h. |
|
|
Undocumented. Definition at line 431 of file tobjstrm.h. |
|
|
This form creates a buffered pstream with the given buffer and sets the bp data member to `buf'. The state data member is set to 0. |
|
|
Destroys the pstream object. |
|
|
This form allocates a default buffer. |
|
|
Returns nonzero if an error occurs. |
|
|
Set the stream state data member to the given value (defaults to 0). |
|
|
Returns nonzero on end of stream. |
|
|
Sets the given error condition, where StreamableError is defined as follows:
enum StreamableError { peNotRegistered, peInvalidType }; |
|
|
Sets the given error condition, where StreamableError is defined as follows:
enum StreamableError { peNotRegistered, peInvalidType }; |
|
|
Returns nonzero if a stream operation fails. |
|
|
Returns nonzero if no state bits are set (that is, no errors occurred). |
|
|
|
Creates the associated TStreamableTypes object types. Called by the TStreamableClass constructor. |
|
|
Overloads the pointer-to-void cast operator. Returns 0 if operation has failed (that is, fail() returned nonzero); otherwise returns nonzero. |
|
|
Overloads the NOT operator. Returns the value returned by fail(). |
|
|
Returns the bp pointer to this stream's assigned buffer. |
|
|
Returns the current state value. |
|
|
Undocumented. |
|
|
Updates the state data member with state |= (b & 0 xFF). |
|
|
Pointer to the stream buffer. Definition at line 520 of file tobjstrm.h. |
|
|
The format state flags, as enumerated in ios. Use rdstate() to access the current state. Definition at line 525 of file tobjstrm.h. |
|
|
Pointer to the TStreamableTypes data base of all registered types in this application. Definition at line 538 of file tobjstrm.h. |


1<PHONE_NUMBER>
Strong Steel Homes is a subsidiary of Hexaport International. Their goal is selling their steel assembly products for commercial steel structures. View Project
A national fireworks company that retails & wholesales their own brand of high-end fireworks. View Project
Strong Steel Homes is a subsidiary of Hexaport International. Their goal is selling their steel assembly products for commercial steel structures.
A national fireworks company that retails & wholesales their own brand of high-end fireworks.
Promotion flyer for a DJ event.
Printed in Rotorfraft Pro Magazine.
Coupon flyer insert included in 25K San Antonio Express newspapers.


Dashboard
Manage Users
Users Group
Domain
User Management
Users Group
Manage Users Group
Total Users Group:
Add User Group
User Group
×
Group ID *
ID Range from
Group Name *
Email
Mobile No.
with plus sign & country code, eg., +19876543210
Delete User Group
×
Are you sure want to delete
user group?
Delete User From Group
×
Are you sure want to remove
from the user group?
Add User To Group
×
Total Users:
Selected Users:


Notice: Public wifi has come to Fort Bragg. Over the next few months MCN and the City of Fort Bragg will install two-three nodes in the downtown business district. The corners of which are: Franklin St. and Laurel St. extending South to Redwood Ave at Franklin. West along the same parallel on Main st. The city will provide this as a free service, spending only $10,000.00 for equipment, installation, and yearly maintenance.
It is time for the coastal town of Fort Bragg to transition to the 21st century. Business, education, and entertainment are all increasingly being accessed via the Internet. Free public internet is like having a library to anyone and everyone that has access to a basic computer with wireless connectivity. The organization OpenWireless.org serves as a rally point for people, organizations, and governments interested in setting up open wireless networks. Internet access benefits the masses. It serves as a platform for ideas to spread and take hold, for communication and sharing in a global domain. open access to internet is similar in concept to open access to roads. Imagine having to pay a monthly fee to use the roads to Mendocino or Willits!
Public WiFi in the downtown area would not only allow people that are economically disadvantaged the luxury of broadband internet access, but also allow for a richer downtown experience for those who already have internet at their home. Internet devices are moving swiftly to more mobile and smaller devices. Almost all modern 'smart' phones have WiFi capabilities. These smart phones are only 'smart' if they have a reliable network connection. Normally this means that you have to buy a data plan, with various degrees of data and bandwidth capabilities. With city-wide WiFi, people may be less inclined to purchase these data plans and use the freely available WiFi while in town. Currently, a limited number of WiFi access points exist in the Business District of Fort Bragg: Mendocino Cookie Co., Headlands, and The Bookstore.
If all of these assumptions hold true, then planning, development, and execution of such a project is well within the communities ability. To see that the voices of the people are heard, and to keep everything as open as possible, a community WiFi committee should be set up to see the overall logistics of the project and to respond to any questions, complaints, critiques, or improvements received by the people of Fort Bragg.
Here is a list of cities that currently deploy large public WiFi networks.
Feel free to email us to ask questions and start the community dialogue necessary for implementing such a project.


Answer TRUE or FALSE.
The lower bound for the cost of sequential search
is \Omega(1)
because this is the running
time of the algorithm in the best case.
Upper/lower bounds define the growth rate in a particular situation (such as worst or best case).
So the statement is badly worded. It is true that
the lower bound in all cases is \Omega(1)
(it always requires at least one unit of time). But the
reason is certainly not because there happens to be a
situation where the algorithm is cheap to run.
In other situations it is not so cheap.
Proper wording: The lower bound for the cost of
sequential search in the best case
is \Omega(1)
.


Reflections
Interpreter
Code (
0 bytes
):
Preset
Hello, World!
Hello, World! without the quine function
Fibonacci Sequence
Truth machine
Primality test
Parse a number
Time between steps:
ms
Interactive
Run
Stop
Permalink:
Copy
Input:
Output:
EOF


PureBasic - Spline
Overview
A spline contains any number of points which are smoothly interpolated. The time to go from one point to another is always the same, independent from the distance between these points. A spline doesn't exist physically in the 3D world, it is an virtual object which can be used for different purpose, like path-finding, smooth node moving (be sure to check NodeAnimation library for this as well) and more.
InitEngine3D() should be called successfully before using the spline functions.
See also the Wikipedia article about splines.
Command Index
AddSplinePoint
ClearSpline
ComputeSpline
CountSplinePoints
CreateSpline
FreeSpline
SplinePointX
SplinePointY
SplinePointZ
SplineX
SplineY
SplineZ
UpdateSplinePoint
Example
Spline.pb
Supported OS
All


...
Password changed.
Passwords doesn't match.
Password length is too short.
Edit your profile
Student Number
First name
Last name
Department
Email
Change Password
×
Change password
Save
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Mumbai man arrested with ecstasy tablets valued at Rs 4.85 lakh
According to an ANC official, Patange allegedly had ordered the ecstasy tablets from the dark web, a virtually untraceable way to procure drugs.
by Express News ServiceA 25-year-old man was held with Rs 4.85-lakh worth ecstasy tablets in Malad West on Friday. The Anti Narcotics Cell (ANC) of the Mumbai Police Crime Branch said the accused, Utkarsh Patange, was caught peddling drugs outside Inorbit Mall. The police seized 97 purple ecstasy tablets from Patange’s possession.
According to an ANC official, Patange peddled synthetic drugs near malls and educational institutions. He allegedly had ordered the ecstasy tablets from the dark web, a virtually untraceable way to procure drugs.
He was produced in court Saturday and remanded to police custody until November 27, police said. Shivdeep Lande, Deputy Commissioner of Police, ANC, said purple ecstasy tablets, which are popular party drugs, were found to be sold outside colleges and malls across Mumbai’s suburbs.


{% include meta.html %}
AJ Abotomey - Game Developer
Home
(current)
About
Projects
Fab48hr 2015
Glitter Game Prototype
Something else here
{{ content }}
{% include analytics.html %}


--- layout: post title: "Ed-Tech and Pedagogy as Performance" date: 2015-04-30 08:30:00 +0000 tags: image: https://s3.amazonaws.com/audreywatters/known_copy_fragments.jpg imagecredits: https://www.flickr.com/photos/cogdog/15223631110/ ---
This post first appeared on aud.life
"To a student of educational radio, prowling through yellowed scripts, it seems almost incredible that teachers who presumably hoped to reach men’s minds elected to attempt it with anesthetics. Surely, secrets of audience psychology readily mastered by semi-literate movie stars and dance-band leaders are not hidden from the academicians."
from Paul Saettler's history of ed-tech, The Evolution of American Educational Technology


HTML Basics
Lists
Ordered list
- first item
- second item
- third item
- fourth item
- fifth item
Undered list
Discriptions list
- Name
- Ivan
- Born
- 1993
- Birthplace
- Russia
- Color
- Dark blue
Nested list
- List item one
-
List item two with subitem:
-
Subitem 1
- Subsubitem 1
- Subsubitem 2
- Subitem 2
- Final list item
List with links
Paragraphs
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas viverra
est id tellus blandit, nec aliquet lectus efficitur. Fusce id augue id dui
consequat porttitor vitae vel tellus. Vestibulum elementum fringilla enim
in sagittis. In hac habitasse platea dictumst.
Course sir people worthy horses add entire suffer.
Advantages entreaties mr he apartments do. undefined.
Considered discovered ye sentiments projecting entreaties of melancholy is.
Up hung mr we give rest half. Way own uncommonly travelling now acceptance
bed compliment solicitude.
Took sold add play may none him few.
Estate was tended ten boy nearer seemed.
At principle perfectly by sweetness do.
You high bed wish help call draw side.
Called though excuse length ye needed it he having.
Their saved linen downs tears son add music. Decisively advantages nor
expression unpleasing she led met.
Tables
| First name |
Last name |
| Jogn |
Doe |
| Jogn |
Doe |
Image
Pre tag
if (time = 20) {
greeting = "Good day";
} else {
greeting = "Good evening";
}


With changing times, financial service providers have broadened the horizon of services they offer such that new age service offerings from them largely aim at realizing the lifestyle integration potential of clients.
It is this vision that drives us at RupeeBoss Lifestyle, where it is our constant endeavor to not just help fulfill your monetary needs, albeit also present a wide range of lifestyle oriented products to choose from, ranging from automobiles to mobility to housing and more.
So the next time you are planning to buy a new car or house, do check with your RupeeBoss rep to help you with options not just for loan, but for the very product itself, as per category.
We will continue to innovate and bring you new options, so that RupeeBoss Lifestyle adds to your well- being even better.


The Unarchiver is the only app you need to unrar files on Mac. It’s times more powerful than the native macOS utility and supports infinitely more archive formats.
A simple and efficient archive viewer. With this archive utility, Mac has a tool to open archive contents and Preview the files without extracting them. You can also extract separate files when needed.
With Archives, you can view archive contents on any iOS device, without your desktop computer. Unzip files on iPhone or iPad, see what’s inside, save or send them directly from the app.
Xee image viewer for Mac lets you easily work with images of all formats. It allows for a better file management, quick access, and a comfortable view of all your galleries.
The Unarchiver’s code can run on other OSes, too. There is no GUI app for any other OS yet, but there are command-line tools, which can be used on macOS, Windows and Linux.


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Published <%= dateFormatted %>, <%- wordCount %> words, <%- readingTime %>-minute read
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