@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @this(summaryNumericRow: summaryNumericRow) @(reliefsUsed: BigDecimal, aeaUsed: BigDecimal, inYearLossesUsed: BigDecimal, broughtForwardLossesUsed: BigDecimal, totalDeductions: BigDecimal)(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages, messagesApi: Option[MessagesApi] = None)


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load url from future %} {% load i18n %} {% block title %}{{block.super}}{% trans "Password reset" %}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
{% blocktrans %}We have sent you an email with a link to reset your password. Please check your email and click the link to continue.{% endblocktrans %}


Located approx. 35 miles west of the San Blas Islands and 6 miles east of Isla Grande, position 09.35.86 North / 79-26.33 West, at Punta Macolla, Playa Damas and Nombre de Dios.
Green Turtle Cay Marina has been under construction for some years. After partly opening in September 2011, cruisers report that much of the site has been put on hold and what has been finished has started to fall into disrepair.
The marina is accessed via a short canal with a depth of 10 feet, however one of the 2 orange balls to guide you in is reported to be missing. In strong easterlies this entrance can be challenging, however, once inside the marina is extremely sheltered from all directions.
Last updated June 2012.
Read Panama Formalities for detailed information on procedures for clearing into and out of Panama.
Cruisers recommend this marina for it's good service and friendly staff, however, some facilities have still to be completed.
The travelift and boatyard is due to be opened in December 2012.
The entrance channel is well marked with red and green buoys.
Last updated July 2012.


GK Gianluigi Donnarumma
The man that saved Italian football
Here's the career life of Gianluigi Donnarumma
- 1999 born in Castellammare di Stabia,italy
- 2003 grew up in the football academy of ASD Club Napoli in his native Castellammare di Stabia
If you have time, you should read more about this incredible human being on hisWikipedia entry


Compressed and uncompressed copies of jQuery files are available. The uncompressed file is best used during development or debugging; the compressed file saves bandwidth and improves performance in production. You can also download a sourcemap file for use when debugging with a compressed file. The map file is not required for users to run jQuery, it just improves the developer's debugger experience. As of jQuery 1.11.0/2.1.0 the //# sourceMappingURL comment is not included in the compressed file. To locally download these files, right-click the link and select "Save as..." from the menu. link jQuery For help when upgrading jQuery, please see the upgrade guide most relevant to your version. We also recommend using the jQuery Migrate plugin. Download the compressed, production jQuery 3.2.1 Download the uncompressed, development jQuery 3.2.1 Download the map file for jQuery 3.2.1 You can also use the slim version: Download the compressed, production jQuery 3.2.1 slim build Download the uncompressed, development jQuery 3.2.1 slim build Download the map file for the jQuery 3.2.1 slim build jQuery 3.2.1 release notes link Downloading jQuery using npm jQuery is registered as a package on npm. You can install the latest version of jQuery with the command: 1 npm install jquery This will install jQuery in the node_modules directory. Within node_modules/jquery/dist/ you will find an uncompressed release, a compressed release, and a map file. link Downloading jQuery using Bower jQuery is also registered as a package with Bower. You can install the latest version of jQuery with the command: 1 bower install jquery This will install jQuery to Bower's install directory, the default being bower_components. Within bower_components/jquery/dist/ you will find an uncompressed release, a compressed release, and a map file. The jQuery Bower package contains additional files besides the default distribution. In most cases you can ignore these files, however if you wish to download the default release on its own you can use Bower to install jQuery from one of the above urls instead of the registered package. For example, if you wish to install just the compressed jQuery file, you can install just that file with the following command: 1 bower install https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.min.js link jQuery Migrate Plugin We have created the jQuery Migrate plugin to simplify the transition from older versions of jQuery. The plugin restores deprecated features and behaviors so that older code will still run properly on newer versions of jQuery. Use the uncompressed development version to diagnose compatibility issues, it will generate warnings on the console that you can use to identify and fix problems. Use the compressed production version to simply fix compatibility issues without generating console warnings. There are two versions of Migrate. The first will help you update your pre-1.9 jQuery code to jQuery 1.9 up to 3.0. You can get that version here: Download the compressed, production jQuery Migrate 1.4.1 Download the uncompressed, development jQuery Migrate 1.4.1 The second version helps you update code to run on jQuery 3.0 or higher, once you have used Migrate 1.x and upgraded to jQuery 1.9 or higher: Download the compressed, production jQuery Migrate 3.0.0 Download the uncompressed, development jQuery Migrate 3.0.0 link Cross-Browser Testing with jQuery Be sure to test web pages that use jQuery in all the browsers you want to support. The Microsoft Developer Resources site makes available virtual machines for testing many different versions of Internet Explorer. Older versions of other browsers can be found at oldversion.com. link jQuery Pre-Release Builds The jQuery team is constantly working to improve the code. Each commit to the Github repo generates a work-in-progress version of the code that we update on the jQuery CDN. These versions are sometimes unstable and never suitable for production sites. We recommend they be used to determine whether a bug has already been fixed when reporting bugs against released versions, or to see if new bugs have been introduced. Download the work-in-progress jQuery build link Using jQuery with a CDN CDNs can offer a performance benefit by hosting jQuery on servers spread across the globe. This also offers an advantage that if the visitor to your webpage has already downloaded a copy of jQuery from the same CDN, it won't have to be re-downloaded. link jQuery's CDN provided by MaxCDN The jQuery CDN supports Subresource Integrity (SRI) which allows the browser to verify that the files being delivered have not been modified. This specification is currently being implemented by browsers. Adding the new integrity attribute will ensure your application gains this security improvement as browsers support it. To use the jQuery CDN, just reference the file in the script tag directly from the jQuery CDN domain. You can get the complete script tag, including Subresource Integrity attribute, by visiting https://code.jquery.com and clicking on the version of the file that you want to use. Copy and paste that tag into your HTML file. Starting with jQuery 1.9, sourcemap files are available on the jQuery CDN. However, as of version 1.10.0/2.1.0 the compressed jQuery no longer includes the sourcemap comment in CDN copies because it requires the the uncompressed file and sourcemap file to be placed at the same location as the compressed file. If you are maintaining local copies and can control the locations all three files, you can add the sourcemap comment to the compressed file for easier debugging. To see all available files and versions, visit https://code.jquery.com link Other CDNs The following CDNs also host compressed and uncompressed versions of jQuery releases. Starting with jQuery 1.9 they may also host sourcemap files; check the site's documentation. Note that there may be delays between a jQuery release and its availability there. Please be patient, they receive the files at the same time the blog post is made public. Beta and release candidates are not hosted by these CDNs. Google CDN Microsoft CDN CDNJS CDN jsDelivr CDN link About the Code jQuery is provided under the MIT license. The code is hosted and developed in the jQuery GitHub repository. If you've spotted some areas of code that could be improved, please feel free to discuss it on the Developing jQuery Core Forum. If you'd like to participate in developing jQuery, peruse our contributor site for more information. To find and download plugins developed by jQuery contributors, please visit the Plugins site. Plugin authors are responsible for maintenance of their plugins. Feedback on plugins should be directed to the plugin author, not the jQuery team. link Build from Git Note: To just use the latest work-in-progress version of jQuery, please try the jQuery Pre-Release Build described above. All source code is kept under Git revision control, which you can browse online. The repository's README has more information on building and testing your own jQuery, as well as instructions on creating a custom build that excludes some APIs to reduce file size. If you have access to Git, you can connect to the repository here: 1 git clone git://github.com/jquery/jquery.git You can also check out and build a specific version of jQuery from GitHub: 1 2 git clone git://github.com/jquery/jquery.git git checkout 1.2.6 The README file for a specific version will have instructions for building that version, as the process has changed over time. link Past Releases All past releases can be found on the jQuery CDN. Compressed and uncompressed copies of jQuery files are available. The uncompressed file is best used during development or debugging; the compressed file saves bandwidth and improves performance in production. You can also download a sourcemap file for use when debugging with a compressed file. The map file is not required for users to run jQuery, it just improves the developer's debugger experience. As of jQuery 1.11.0/2.1.0 the //# sourceMappingURL comment is not included in the compressed file. To locally download these files, right-click the link and select "Save as..." from the menu. link jQuery For help when upgrading jQuery, please see the upgrade guide most relevant to your version. We also recommend using the jQuery Migrate plugin. Download the compressed, production jQuery 3.2.1 Download the uncompressed, development jQuery 3.2.1 Download the map file for jQuery 3.2.1 You can also use the slim version: Download the compressed, production jQuery 3.2.1 slim build Download the uncompressed, development jQuery 3.2.1 slim build Download the map file for the jQuery 3.2.1 slim build jQuery 3.2.1 release notes link Downloading jQuery using npm jQuery is registered as a package on npm. You can install the latest version of jQuery with the command: 1 npm install jquery This will install jQuery in the node_modules directory. Within node_modules/jquery/dist/ you will find an uncompressed release, a compressed release, and a map file. link Downloading jQuery using Bower jQuery is also registered as a package with Bower. You can install the latest version of jQuery with the command: 1 bower install jquery This will install jQuery to Bower's install directory, the default being bower_components. Within bower_components/jquery/dist/ you will find an uncompressed release, a compressed release, and a map file. The jQuery Bower package contains additional files besides the default distribution. In most cases you can ignore these files, however if you wish to download the default release on its own you can use Bower to install jQuery from one of the above urls instead of the registered package. For example, if you wish to install just the compressed jQuery file, you can install just that file with the following command: 1 bower install https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.min.js link jQuery Migrate Plugin We have created the jQuery Migrate plugin to simplify the transition from older versions of jQuery. The plugin restores deprecated features and behaviors so that older code will still run properly on newer versions of jQuery. Use the uncompressed development version to diagnose compatibility issues, it will generate warnings on the console that you can use to identify and fix problems. Use the compressed production version to simply fix compatibility issues without generating console warnings. There are two versions of Migrate. The first will help you update your pre-1.9 jQuery code to jQuery 1.9 up to 3.0. You can get that version here: Download the compressed, production jQuery Migrate 1.4.1 Download the uncompressed, development jQuery Migrate 1.4.1 The second version helps you update code to run on jQuery 3.0 or higher, once you have used Migrate 1.x and upgraded to jQuery 1.9 or higher: Download the compressed, production jQuery Migrate 3.0.0 Download the uncompressed, development jQuery Migrate 3.0.0 link Cross-Browser Testing with jQuery Be sure to test web pages that use jQuery in all the browsers you want to support. The Microsoft Developer Resources site makes available virtual machines for testing many different versions of Internet Explorer. Older versions of other browsers can be found at oldversion.com. link jQuery Pre-Release Builds The jQuery team is constantly working to improve the code. Each commit to the Github repo generates a work-in-progress version of the code that we update on the jQuery CDN. These versions are sometimes unstable and never suitable for production sites. We recommend they be used to determine whether a bug has already been fixed when reporting bugs against released versions, or to see if new bugs have been introduced. Download the work-in-progress jQuery build link Using jQuery with a CDN CDNs can offer a performance benefit by hosting jQuery on servers spread across the globe. This also offers an advantage that if the visitor to your webpage has already downloaded a copy of jQuery from the same CDN, it won't have to be re-downloaded. link jQuery's CDN provided by MaxCDN The jQuery CDN supports Subresource Integrity (SRI) which allows the browser to verify that the files being delivered have not been modified. This specification is currently being implemented by browsers. Adding the new integrity attribute will ensure your application gains this security improvement as browsers support it. To use the jQuery CDN, just reference the file in the script tag directly from the jQuery CDN domain. You can get the complete script tag, including Subresource Integrity attribute, by visiting https://code.jquery.com and clicking on the version of the file that you want to use. Copy and paste that tag into your HTML file. Starting with jQuery 1.9, sourcemap files are available on the jQuery CDN. However, as of version 1.10.0/2.1.0 the compressed jQuery no longer includes the sourcemap comment in CDN copies because it requires the the uncompressed file and sourcemap file to be placed at the same location as the compressed file. If you are maintaining local copies and can control the locations all three files, you can add the sourcemap comment to the compressed file for easier debugging. To see all available files and versions, visit https://code.jquery.com link Other CDNs The following CDNs also host compressed and uncompressed versions of jQuery releases. Starting with jQuery 1.9 they may also host sourcemap files; check the site's documentation. Note that there may be delays between a jQuery release and its availability there. Please be patient, they receive the files at the same time the blog post is made public. Beta and release candidates are not hosted by these CDNs. Google CDN Microsoft CDN CDNJS CDN jsDelivr CDN link About the Code jQuery is provided under the MIT license. The code is hosted and developed in the jQuery GitHub repository. If you've spotted some areas of code that could be improved, please feel free to discuss it on the Developing jQuery Core Forum. If you'd like to participate in developing jQuery, peruse our contributor site for more information. To find and download plugins developed by jQuery contributors, please visit the Plugins site. Plugin authors are responsible for maintenance of their plugins. Feedback on plugins should be directed to the plugin author, not the jQuery team. link Build from Git Note: To just use the latest work-in-progress version of jQuery, please try the jQuery Pre-Release Build described above. All source code is kept under Git revision control, which you can browse online. The repository's README has more information on building and testing your own jQuery, as well as instructions on creating a custom build that excludes some APIs to reduce file size. If you have access to Git, you can connect to the repository here: 1 git clone git://github.com/jquery/jquery.git You can also check out and build a specific version of jQuery from GitHub: 1 2 git clone git://github.com/jquery/jquery.git git checkout 1.2.6 The README file for a specific version will have instructions for building that version, as the process has changed over time. link Past Releases All past releases can be found on the jQuery CDN. Compressed and uncompressed copies of jQuery files are available. The uncompressed file is best used during development or debugging; the compressed file saves bandwidth and improves performance in production. You can also download a sourcemap file for use when debugging with a compressed file. The map file is not required for users to run jQuery, it just improves the developer's debugger experience. As of jQuery 1.11.0/2.1.0 the //# sourceMappingURL comment is not included in the compressed file. To locally download these files, right-click the link and select "Save as..." from the menu. link jQuery For help when upgrading jQuery, please see the upgrade guide most relevant to your version. We also recommend using the jQuery Migrate plugin. Download the compressed, production jQuery 3.2.1 Download the uncompressed, development jQuery 3.2.1 Download the map file for jQuery 3.2.1 You can also use the slim version: Download the compressed, production jQuery 3.2.1 slim build Download the uncompressed, development jQuery 3.2.1 slim build Download the map file for the jQuery 3.2.1 slim build jQuery 3.2.1 release notes link Downloading jQuery using npm jQuery is registered as a package on npm. You can install the latest version of jQuery with the command: 1 npm install jquery This will install jQuery in the node_modules directory. Within node_modules/jquery/dist/ you will find an uncompressed release, a compressed release, and a map file. link Downloading jQuery using Bower jQuery is also registered as a package with Bower. You can install the latest version of jQuery with the command: 1 bower install jquery This will install jQuery to Bower's install directory, the default being bower_components. Within bower_components/jquery/dist/ you will find an uncompressed release, a compressed release, and a map file. The jQuery Bower package contains additional files besides the default distribution. In most cases you can ignore these files, however if you wish to download the default release on its own you can use Bower to install jQuery from one of the above urls instead of the registered package. For example, if you wish to install just the compressed jQuery file, you can install just that file with the following command: 1 bower install https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.min.js link jQuery Migrate Plugin We have created the jQuery Migrate plugin to simplify the transition from older versions of jQuery. The plugin restores deprecated features and behaviors so that older code will still run properly on newer versions of jQuery. Use the uncompressed development version to diagnose compatibility issues, it will generate warnings on the console that you can use to identify and fix problems. Use the compressed production version to simply fix compatibility issues without generating console warnings. There are two versions of Migrate. The first will help you update your pre-1.9 jQuery code to jQuery 1.9 up to 3.0. You can get that version here: Download the compressed, production jQuery Migrate 1.4.1 Download the uncompressed, development jQuery Migrate 1.4.1 The second version helps you update code to run on jQuery 3.0 or higher, once you have used Migrate 1.x and upgraded to jQuery 1.9 or higher: Download the compressed, production jQuery Migrate 3.0.0 Download the uncompressed, development jQuery Migrate 3.0.0 link Cross-Browser Testing with jQuery Be sure to test web pages that use jQuery in all the browsers you want to support. The Microsoft Developer Resources site makes available virtual machines for testing many different versions of Internet Explorer. Older versions of other browsers can be found at oldversion.com. link jQuery Pre-Release Builds The jQuery team is constantly working to improve the code. Each commit to the Github repo generates a work-in-progress version of the code that we update on the jQuery CDN. These versions are sometimes unstable and never suitable for production sites. We recommend they be used to determine whether a bug has already been fixed when reporting bugs against released versions, or to see if new bugs have been introduced. Download the work-in-progress jQuery build link Using jQuery with a CDN CDNs can offer a performance benefit by hosting jQuery on servers spread across the globe. This also offers an advantage that if the visitor to your webpage has already downloaded a copy of jQuery from the same CDN, it won't have to be re-downloaded. link jQuery's CDN provided by MaxCDN The jQuery CDN supports Subresource Integrity (SRI) which allows the browser to verify that the files being delivered have not been modified. This specification is currently being implemented by browsers. Adding the new integrity attribute will ensure your application gains this security improvement as browsers support it. To use the jQuery CDN, just reference the file in the script tag directly from the jQuery CDN domain. You can get the complete script tag, including Subresource Integrity attribute, by visiting https://code.jquery.com and clicking on the version of the file that you want to use. Copy and paste that tag into your HTML file. Starting with jQuery 1.9, sourcemap files are available on the jQuery CDN. However, as of version 1.10.0/2.1.0 the compressed jQuery no longer includes the sourcemap comment in CDN copies because it requires the the uncompressed file and sourcemap file to be placed at the same location as the compressed file. If you are maintaining local copies and can control the locations all three files, you can add the sourcemap comment to the compressed file for easier debugging. To see all available files and versions, visit https://code.jquery.com link Other CDNs The following CDNs also host compressed and uncompressed versions of jQuery releases. Starting with jQuery 1.9 they may also host sourcemap files; check the site's documentation. Note that there may be delays between a jQuery release and its availability there. Please be patient, they receive the files at the same time the blog post is made public. Beta and release candidates are not hosted by these CDNs. Google CDN Microsoft CDN CDNJS CDN jsDelivr CDN link About the Code jQuery is provided under the MIT license. The code is hosted and developed in the jQuery GitHub repository. If you've spotted some areas of code that could be improved, please feel free to discuss it on the Developing jQuery Core Forum. If you'd like to participate in developing jQuery, peruse our contributor site for more information. To find and download plugins developed by jQuery contributors, please visit the Plugins site. Plugin authors are responsible for maintenance of their plugins. Feedback on plugins should be directed to the plugin author, not the jQuery team. link Build from Git Note: To just use the latest work-in-progress version of jQuery, please try the jQuery Pre-Release Build described above. All source code is kept under Git revision control, which you can browse online. The repository's README has more information on building and testing your own jQuery, as well as instructions on creating a custom build that excludes some APIs to reduce file size. If you have access to Git, you can connect to the repository here: 1 git clone git://github.com/jquery/jquery.git You can also check out and build a specific version of jQuery from GitHub: 1 2 git clone git://github.com/jquery/jquery.git git checkout 1.2.6 The README file for a specific version will have instructions for building that version, as the process has changed over time. link Past Releases All past releases can be found on the jQuery CDN.


Operation against illegal timber smugglers, seized valuable logs from Chirang & Kokrajhar
Kokrajhar: Anti-corruption & crime Investigation Front organization NGO, Forest staff, SSB & police jointly carried out an operation against illegal timber logs smugglers’ from Kokrajhar and Chirang district in various locations and villages in these two districts.
Valuable sal logs and non-sal logs along with vehicles, tata mobile vehicle, trucks loaded etc have been recovered and seized from like Jharbari, Kachugaon, MAinaguri, Kuchagaon, Dhumbajhar , Soraibil in Kokrajhar district and Chirang district like Selekhaguri, Aipowali, Nijlaguri, Runikhata , Kungring, Santipur , Samudwisa etc in this two district and timber smugglers’ who have been cutting the valuable logs from Ultapani forest jungle and Kachugaon jungle.
According to sources officials said they have been jointly carried out operation drive to stop cutting off valuable sal and non-sal logs from Kachugaon & Riphu Chirang Forest Reserve jungle and lakhs amount sal & non-sal logs were seized from Kokrajhar & Chirang district and they also said that they will continue their operation against timber smugglers’ in the two district.
Also Read: CCTOA takes out torchlight rally against ST Bill at Kokrajhar town
Also Watch: Govt all set to push for the contentious Citizenship Bill in the winter session of Parliament


This keyboard is for typing the Toto language in the Toto script. There are approximately 2000 speakers of the Toto language, living on the Northern border of West Bengal, India. Dhaniram Toto designed the characters of the Toto script. It was launched in May 2015 and in 2021 the characters of the script were accepted into the Unicode standard.
This package includes the Noto Serif Toto font from Google


Page maintained by Ke-Sen Huang with lots of help from Steve Hill and Roy Walmsley.
If you have additions or changes, send an e-mail.
Note that when possible I link to the page containing the link to the actual PDF or PS of the preprint.
I prefer this as it gives some context to the paper and avoids possible copyright problems with direct linking.
Thus you may need to search on the page to find the actual document.
Eurographics Digital Library: Computer Graphics Forum Volume 27 - Issue 2 (EG 2008 Proceedings)
Changelog
Scanning and Reconstruction
- Surface Reconstruction From Non-parallel Curve Networks (Program)
-
Lu Liu,
Chandrajit Bajaj,
Joe Deasy,
Tao Ju
- High-Resolution Volumetric Computation of Offset Surfaces with Feature Preservation
-
Darko Pavic,
Leif Kobbelt (Computer Graphics Group, RWTH Aachen University, Germany)
- Reduced Depth and Visual Hulls of Complex 3D Scenes
-
Alexander Bogomjakov,
Craig Gotsman
Perception for Rendering and Animation
- Render2MPEG: A Perception-based Framework Towards Integrating Rendering and Video Compression
-
Robert Herzog,
Shinichi Kinuwaki,
Karol Myszkowski,
Hans-Peter Seidel
- Apparent Greyscale: A Simple and Fast Conversion to Perceptually Accurate Images and Video
-
Kaleigh Smith,
Pierre-Edouard Landes,
Jöelle Thollot,
Karol Myszkowski
- Effect of Character Animacy and Preparatory Motion on Perceptual Magnitude of Errors in Ballistic Motion
-
Paul Reitsma,
James Andrews,
Nancy Pollard
Occlusion and Volume Rendering
- Lighting and Occlusion in a Wave-Based Framework
-
Remo Ziegler,
Simone Croci,
Markus Gross
- CHC++: Coherent Hierarchical Culling Revisited
-
Oliver Mattausch,
Jiri Bittner,
Michael Wimmer
- GPU Accelerated Direct Volume Rendering on an Interactive Light Field Display
-
Marco Agus,
Enrico Gobbetti,
Jose Antonio Iglesias Guitian,
Fabio Marton,
Giovanni Pintore
Geometry Processing
- Curvature-Domain Shape Processing
-
Michael Eigensatz,
Robert W. Sumner,
Mark Pauly
- Spectral Geometry Processing with Manifold Harmonics
-
Bruno Vallet,
Bruno Levy
- Fast Force Field Approximation and its Application to Skeletonization of Discrete 3D Objects
-
David Brunner,
Guido Brunnett
Video and Relighting
- Video Conferencing Relighting Using Infrared Illumination
-
Oliver Wang,
James Davis,
Erika Chuang,
Ian Rickard,
Krystle de Mesa,
Chirag Dave
- Augmented Panoramic Video
-
Chris Hermans,
Cedric Vanaken,
Tom Mertens,
Frank Van Reeth,
Philippe Bekaert
- Stereo Light Probe
-
Massimiliano Corsini,
Marco Callieri,
Paolo Cignoni
Interactive and Sketch-based Techniques
- Sketching and Composing Widgets for 3D Manipulation
-
Ryan Schmidt,
Karan Singh,
Ravin Balakrishnan
- Real-time rendering and editing of vector-based terrains
-
Eric Bruneton,
Fabrice Neyret
- Sketch-Based Procedural Surface Modeling and Compositing using Surface Trees
-
Ryan Schmidt,
Karan Singh
GPU Rendering and Ray-Casting
- Hardware-Accelerated, High-Quality Rendering Based on Trivariate Splines Approximating Volume Data
-
Thomas Kalbe,
Frank Zeilfelder
- Zippy: A Framework for Computation and Visualization on a GPU Cluster
-
Zhe Fan,
Feng Qiu,
Arie E. Kaufman
- GPU-based Fast Ray Casting for a Large Number of Metaballs
-
Yoshihiro Kanamori,
Zoltan Szego,
Tomoyuki Nishita
- Ray Casting Algebraic Surfaces using the Frustum Form
-
Martin Reimers,
Johan Seland
Character Animation
- Simulation of Human Motion Data using Short-Horizon Model-Predictive Control
-
Marco da Silva,
Yeuhi Abe,
Jovan Popovic
- Expressive Facial Gestures from Motion Capture Data
-
Eunjung Ju,
Jehee Lee
- Automatic Conversion of Mesh Animations into Skeleton-based Animations
-
Edilson de Aguiar,
Christian Theobalt,
Sebastian Thrun,
Hans-Peter Seidel
- Articulated Object Reconstruction and Markerless Motion Capture from Depth Video
-
Yuri Pekelny,
Craig Gotsman
Textures and Arrangements
- Floating Textures (Project)
-
Martin Eisemann,
Bert De Decker,
Marcus Magnor,
Philippe Bekaert,
Edilson de Aguiar,
Naveed Ahmed,
Christian Theobalt,
Anita Sellent
- Texture Synthesis From Photographs
-
Christian Eisenacher,
Sylvain Lefebvre,
Marc Stamminger
- An Example-based Procedural System for Element Arrangement
-
Takashi Ijiri,
Radomir Mech,
Takeo Igarashi,
Gavin Miller
Parameterization and Transformations
- Manifold-valued Thin-Plate Splines with Applications in Computer Graphics
-
Florian Steinke,
Matthias Hein,
Jan Peters,
Bernhard Scholkopf
- Conformal Flattening by Curvature Prescription and Metric Scaling
-
Mirela Ben-Chen,
Craig Gotsman,
Guy Bunin
- Higher Order Barycentric Coordinates
-
Torsten Langer,
Hans-Peter Seidel
Fluids and Simulation
- A Semi-Lagrangian CIP Fluid Solver without Dimensional Splitting
-
Doyub Kim,
Oh-young Song,
Hyeong-Seok Ko
- A Fast Simulation Method Using Overlapping Grids for Interactions between Smoke and Rigid Objects
-
Yoshinori Dobashi,
Tsuyoshi Yamamoto,
Tomoyuki Nishita
- Fluid in Video: Augmenting Real Video with Simulated Fluids
-
Vivek Kwatra,
Philippos Mordohai,
Sashi Kumar Penta,
Rahul Narain,
Mark Carlson,
Marc Pollefeys,
Ming Lin
- An Adaptive Contact Model for the Robust Simulation of Knots
-
Jonas Spillmann,
Matthias Teschner
Rendering and Simplification
- Single-pass Scalable Subsurface Rendering with Lightcuts
-
Adam Arbree,
Bruce Walter,
Kavita Bala
- Real-Time Translucent Rendering Using GPU-based Texture Space Importance Sampling
-
Chih-Wen Chang,
Wen-Chieh Lin,
Tan-Chi Ho,
Tsung-Shian Huang,
Jung-Hong Chuang
- Photo-realistic Rendering of Metallic Car Paint from Image-Based Measurements
-
Martin Rump,
Gero Müller,
Ralf Sarlette,
Dirk Koch,
Reinhard Klein
- Efficient and Dynamic Simplification of Line Drawings
-
Amit Shesh,
Baoquan Chen
Rendering Volume Effects
- Visualizing underwater ocean optics
-
Diego Gutierrez,
Francisco J. Seron, Adolfo Munoz, Oscar Anson
- The Beam Radiance Estimate for Volumetric Photon Mapping
-
Wojciech Jarosz,
Matthias Zwicker,
Henrik Wann Jensen
- Interactive Volume Rendering with Dynamic Ambient Occlusion and Color Bleeding
-
Timo Ropinski,
Jennis Meyer-Spradow,
Stefan Diepenbrock,
Jörg Mensmann,
Klaus H. Hinrichs
Imaging and Warping
- The Shadow Meets the Mask: Pyramid-Based Shadow Removal
-
Yael Shor,
Dani Lischinski
- Detail-In-Context Visualization for Satellite Imagery
-
Joachim Bottger,
Martin Preiser,
Michael Balzer,
Oliver Deussen
- Viewfinder Alignment
-
Andrew Adams,
Natasha Gelfand,
Kari Pulli
Image-Based Techniques
- Image-based Aging Using Evolutionary Computing
-
Daniel Hubball,
Min Chen,
Phil W. Grant
- Image-based Material Weathering
-
Su Xue,
Jiaping Wang,
Xin Tong,
Qionghai Dai,
Baining Guo
- Image-Based Shaving
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Minh Hoai Nguyen,
Jean-François Lalonde,
Alexei Efros,
Fernando De la Torre
Points and Meshes
- Distortion-Free Steganography for Polygonal Meshes
-
Alexander Bogomjakov,
Craig Gotsman,
Martin Isenburg
- Sparse Points Matching by Combining 3D Mesh Saliency with Statistical Descriptors
-
Umberto Castellani,
Marco Cristani,
Simone Fantoni,
Vittorio Murino
- Dynamic Sampling and Rendering of Algebraic Point Set Surfaces
-
Gaël Guennebaud,
Marcel Germann,
Markus Gross
Shadows and Lighting
- Accurate Shadows by Depth Complexity Sampling
-
Vincent Forest,
Loïc Barthe,
Mathias Paulin
- Deep Opacity Maps
-
Cem Yuksel,
John Keyser
- Practical Product Importance Sampling for Direct Illumination
-
Petrik Clarberg,
Tomas Akenine-Moller
Imaging and Projectors
- Characterization for High Dynamic Range Imaging
-
Min H. Kim,
Jan Kautz
- Modeling a Generic Tone-Mapping Operator (Project)
-
Rafa Mantiuk,
Hans-Peter Seidel
- Agile Spectrum Imaging: Programmable Wavelength Modulation for Cameras and Projectors
-
Ankit Mohan,
Ramesh Raskar,
Jack Tumblin
Short Papers
- Mining Motifs from Human Motion
-
Jingjing Meng,
Junsong Yuan,
Mat Hans,
Ying Wu
- Measuring and Enhancing the Legibility of GPU-rendered Text
-
Christoph von Tycowicz,
Jörn Loviscach
- Laziness is a Virtue: Motion Stitching Using Effort Minimization
-
Lei Li,
Jim McCann,
Christos Faloutsos,
Nancy Pollard
- Adaptive Remeshing of Non-Manifold Surfaces
-
Michael Zilske,
Hans Lamecker,
Stefan Zachow
- Real-Time Volumetric Tests Using Layered Depth Images
-
Matthias Trapp,
Jurgen Dollner
- Identification of Dynamic Mass Spring Parameters for Deformable Body Simulation
-
Bryn A. Lloyd, Sercan Kirac,
Matthias Harders,
Gabor Szekely
- Efficient Spherical Harmonics Lighting with the Preetham Skylight Model
-
Ralf Habel,
Bogdan Mustata,
Michael Wimmer
- Shadowed Relighting of Dynamic Geometry with 1D BRDFs
-
Derek Nowrouzezahrai,
Evangelos Kalogerakis,
Patricio Simari,
Eugene Fiume
- Video Carving
-
Billy Chen,
Pradeep Sen
- Interactive Stroke-Based NPR using Hand Postures on Large Displays
-
Jens Grubert,
Sheelagh Carpendale,
Tobias Isenberg
- Revealing Pentimenti Through Raking Angle Photography
-
Chi Yin Cheung,
Ankit Mohan,
Jack Tumblin
- Microquad soft shadow mapping revisited
-
Michael Schwarz,
Marc Stamminger
- Knitty: 3D Modeling of Knitted Animals with a Production
-
Yuki Igarashi,
Takeo Igarashi,
Hiromasa Suzuki
- Efficient Soft Tissue Modelling Using Charged Particle Control Points
-
Oli Buckley,
Nigel W. John
- A Fragile Watermarking Scheme for Authentication of Semi-regular Meshes
-
Kai Wang,
Guillaume Lavoué,
Florence Denis,
Atilla Baskurt
kesen.huang@gmail.com


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I am a software engineer at Google Research working on systems for machine learning. Before joining Google Research, I was postdoc in the RISE lab at Berkeley where I worked on building a platform for developing more predictable and reliable autonomous vehicles. My research interests lie in developing systems for self-driving cars and robots, distributed systems, operating systems, and large scale data processing.
Before joining Berkeley, I spent my time redesigning the software stack for warehouse scale data centres as part of the Systems Research Group at University of Cambridge. In my research there, I designed and built systems that aimed to increase cluster utilization without affecting performance, as well as easy-to-use large-scale data processing solutions. For my research at Cambridge I received a Google Fellowship in Distributed Systems and an NSDI Best Paper Award. Previously, I graduated with an MEng degree in Computing and Software Engineering from Imperial College London where I was awarded the Microsoft Research Prize for an outstanding master thesis.
In the past, I was fortunate to work on large-scale distributed systems in the cluster management team at Google, in the Data Infrastructure team at Facebook, and at Microsoft Research.


| |
iluEnlargeImage enlarges an image's dimensions by multipliers, via iluScale. This function could be useful if you wanted to double the size of all images or something similar
| | ILboolean iluNoisify( ILfloat XDim, ILfloat YDim, ILfloat ZDim );
|
Parameters| | - XDim
- Width multiplier
- YDim
- Height multiplier
- ZDim
- Depth multiplier
|
Errors| | - ILU_ILLEGAL_OPERATION
- The operation attempted is not allowable in the current state. The function returns with no ill side effects. Generally there is currently no image bound or it has been deleted via ilDeleteImages. You should use ilGenImages and ilBindImage before calling the function.
- ILU_INVALID_PARAM
- A Parameter was invalid or out of range
|
See Also
|


@(indexForm: Form[Library])(songs: Songs)(implicit flash: Flash) @displaySections(songs: Songs) = { @for(node <- songs.songs.sorted) { @node } } @main("Audio Indexing") { @helper.form(action = routes.Index.submit) {
Start a Spark job to index a Library stored on HDFS.
The library should be a directory made of .wav files.
@songs.songs.size songs are currently indexed


Laminitis a serious, crippling disease of horses, ponies and donkeys
Laminitis a serious, crippling disease of horses, ponies and donkeys. . Laminitis is caused by weakening of the supporting lamina within the hoof, leading to . lead to an abscess; Crumbly white line; Flaky soles and hoof edges broken away .
http://www.animedvets.co.uk/laminitis.htm
Treatment for Herniated or Bulging Discs
Feeding to Improve Hoof Quality - Mitavite
incorrect dietary supplements, a poor hoof maintenance program or the genetic make-up .  Hoof samples from another 34 horses on diets containing grain and bran had weak, crumbly horn, collapsing of .
http://www.mitavite.com.au/mitavite06/PDF/Nutritional%20Information%20PDF/Vet%20notes/Feeding%20to%20Improve%20Hoof%20Quality.pdf
Donkey hoof restoration from White Line Disease - YouTube
Aug 20, 2010 . Vienna has suffered white line disease for over a year, this is her story. The story of heartbreak and suffering that white Line disease inflicts on .
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_mWn_pDY8g
crumbly hoof disease donkey Herniated or Bulging Discs
Horse hoof: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article
Since a single digit must bear the full proportion of the animal's weight that is borne by that limb, the hoof is of vital importance to the horse. The phrase "no hoof, .
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Horse_hoof
Chapter 1
Unless the sole of a donkey's hoof is concave underneath, i.e. only the front part . diagram) symmetrical in shape, and all parts clean and hard, not crumbly. . for its job (or jobs), with only the possibility of old age and disease to change them.
http://www.cd3wd.com/cd3wd_40/lstock/001/equines/donkeys_development/Chapter%202.htm
Donkey Footcare | Vet Help Direct Blog
Diseases and problems of the feet are all too common in donkeys. . prone to seedy toe (a disease of the hoof wall when areas become weak, grey & crumbly) .
http://www.vethelpdirect.com/vetblog/donkey-footcare/
Official Impairment Listing for Spinal Disorders
High Performance Hoof Care - Help, my horse foundered! Now what?
High Performance Hoof Care - Hoof Trimming and Rehabilitation by Vickey Hollingsworth . Trimming Donkeys . Insulin Resistance ~ Cushings Disease ~ Equine Metabolic Syndrome . The crumbles has become the consistency of grape nuts cereal but is still somewhat firm and crunchy on the inside of each crumble.
http://www.hphoofcare.com/founder.html
- calories of peeled pumpkin seeds (narrowing of the spine)
Guide to Horse Hoof Problems - HorseChannel.com
Many common hoof problems can be prevented simply with regular hoof care and . White line disease is characterized by a separation of the inner hoof wall which . the hoof may appear white and crumbly when scraped with a hoof pick.
http://www.horsechannel.com/horse-health/hoof-problem-prevention.aspxLook at those Hooves - EasyCare Inc.
Such facts surrounding hoof health and disease give us an accurate perspective on . LOOK AT THE HORSES and Mules and Donkeys, too . Loose, crumbly or chalky material accumulates on the bottom of hooves that need trimming, and .
http://www.easycareinc.com/Education/articles/look_hooves.aspx
Horse Bliss
My favorite is, My farrier said my horses' feet would crumble with the pounding . His feet looked horrendous so I started researching this hoof disease on the Internet. . Well this is a tumor of the skin which can be found on horses, donkeys , .
http://horsemanship.typepad.com/
Foot Care - Notes for Farriers - The Donkey Sanctuary
Hoof pastern axis is broken forward compared to the horse (between 5° and 10° . If any wider may indicate white line disease or laminitis. . a crumbly texture.) .
http://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/files/donkeys/FootCare-NotesForFarriers.pdf
Medical-Vocational Allowance for Herniated Disc
Crimean War Disease resurfaces as horse ... - Forge Magazine
The disease, which was eradicated from horses during the Crimean War in the mid-19th . mud rash and canker, affecting the legs and hooves of horses is reported by the . The Donkey Sanctuary produces a series of 'notes for farriers' on a variety of . The horn takes on a grey, crumbly texture with lesions varying in their .
http://www.forgemagazine.co.uk/site/index-1newsarchiveOct08.html
Hoof Growth - What Helps and What Hurts - Hoof Care - Health ...
Feb 3, 2012 . Keeping healthy hooves is a goal for all horsemen. . Home · Health Centers · Diseases & Conditions · Drugs & Medications · Health Services · Events · News . a horse's diet can lead to soft 'white lines' with hooves that crumble or crack. . 1 miniature horse and 2 donkeys as well as various other animals.
http://equimed.com/health-centers/hoof-care/hoof-growth-what-helps-and-what-hurts
Appealing a Denial of Benefits
White Line Disease Requires Early Diagnosis and Aggressive ...
Jan 27, 2010 . White line disease, an infection that causes separation of the wall, may be seen first at the white . area of crumbly or powdery black or gray tissue at the white line. Paring away the damaged horn reveals separation of the hoof layers leading upward . donkeys · Feed Management for Donkeys and Mules .
http://www.equinews.com/article/white-line-disease-requires-early-diagnosis-and-aggressive-treatment


Prof: Albert Heinle
Office Hours: M Th : 10:00 - 11:00 am
Office Location: DC 2134
Email:
Table of Contents:
Marking scheme:
20% assignments (roughly weekly)
5% participation
25% midterm
50% final
must pass both assignment and exam component
Assignment questions will be colour-coded as either #black# or #gold# to indicate if any collaboration is permitted
For BLACK questions, moderate collaboration is permitted:
If you submit any work that is not your own, you must still cite the origin of the work in your source code
For GOLD questions, no collaboration is permitted
Academic integrity will be strictly enforced for GOLD questions


Flash On Tap, Boston… I’ll Be There
2009 April 8th by todd anderson
… not that you’d actually be going to see this handsome fellow. That’s the look i give when they run out of Stone Ruination IPA.
Aah. When springtime in Boston hits, the weather is still cold for a couple months and the beer is flowing again. Actually, the beer flows all the time and the weather is unpredictable. Nonetheless, you know you are in for a good time, and i am looking forward to the Flash On Tap debut in my home town.
The beer sponsor list is amazing. Most beers you won’t be able to find on tap in our fair city, let alone the lot of them all in one place – aside from possibly my neighborhood haunts in Brookline (hit em up when you are out here). Stone, Smuttynose, Haverhill, Boulder.. the list goes on. In that order for me at least. I am excited about Haverhill, because even though it is a local brew (you gotta try, their LeatherLips it is awesome) some i have not tried because they are just not out here in my brick-filled neck of the woods.
Oh yeah…  If you ain’t pourin’, i’m snorin’. That’s what i say. In all seriousness, the line up is insane. The beer is just icing on a knowledge cake waiting to cook.
See my sad face and full belly as i drink all the Ruination.
Posted in Beer!, Flash, Flex, flash on tap.


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Two retro cops Juan Sanchez and The Bullet team up to become the superduo Speedboats & Big Explosions
Who Are These Guys? Promos, Bookings or Info? Get The Details


Classes | |
| struct | _InterruptSource |
| Describes a PIO interrupt source, including the PIO instance triggering the interrupt and the associated interrupt handler. More... | |
Macros | |
| #define | MAX_INTERRUPT_SOURCES 10 |
Typedefs | |
| typedef struct _InterruptSource | InterruptSource |
| Describes a PIO interrupt source, including the PIO instance triggering the interrupt and the associated interrupt handler. More... | |
Functions | |
| void | PioInterruptHandler (uint32_t id, Pio *pPio) |
| Handles all interrupts on the given PIO controller. More... | |
| void | PIOA_Handler (void) |
| Parallel IO Controller A interrupt handler PIOA interrupt handler for NVIC interrupt table. More... | |
| void | PIOB_Handler (void) |
| Parallel IO Controller B interrupt handler PIOB interrupt handler for NVIC interrupt table. More... | |
| void | PIOC_Handler (void) |
| Parallel IO Controller C interrupt handler PIOC interrupt handler for NVIC interrupt table. More... | |
| void | PIOD_Handler (void) |
| Parallel IO Controller D interrupt handler PIOD interrupt handler for NVIC interrupt table. More... | |
| void | PIOE_Handler (void) |
| Parallel IO Controller E interrupt handler PIOE interrupt handler for NVIC interrupt table. More... | |
| void | PIO_InitializeInterrupts (uint32_t dwPriority) |
| Initializes the PIO interrupt management logic. More... | |
| void | PIO_ConfigureIt (const Pin *pPin, void(*handler)(const Pin *)) |
| Configures a PIO or a group of PIO to generate an interrupt on status change. More... | |
| void | PIO_EnableIt (const Pin *pPin) |
| Enables the given interrupt source if it has been configured. More... | |
| void | PIO_DisableIt (const Pin *pPin) |
| Disables a given interrupt source, with no added side effects. More... | |
Variables | |
| static InterruptSource | _aIntSources [MAX_INTERRUPT_SOURCES] |
| static uint32_t | _dwNumSources = 0 |
| #define MAX_INTERRUPT_SOURCES 10 |
| typedef struct _InterruptSource InterruptSource |
Describes a PIO interrupt source, including the PIO instance triggering the interrupt and the associated interrupt handler.
Configures a PIO or a group of PIO to generate an interrupt on status change.
The provided interrupt handler will be called with the triggering pin as its parameter (enabling different pin instances to share the same handler).
| pPin | Pointer to a Pin instance. |
| handler | Interrupt handler function pointer. |
| void PIO_DisableIt | ( | const Pin * | pPin | ) |
Disables a given interrupt source, with no added side effects.
| pPin | Interrupt source to disable. |
| void PIO_EnableIt | ( | const Pin * | pPin | ) |
Enables the given interrupt source if it has been configured.
The status register of the corresponding PIO controller is cleared prior to enabling the interrupt.
| pPin | Interrupt source to enable. |
| void PIO_InitializeInterrupts | ( | uint32_t | dwPriority | ) |
Initializes the PIO interrupt management logic.
The desired priority of PIO interrupts must be provided. Calling this function multiple times result in the reset of currently configured interrupts.
| priority | PIO controller interrupts priority. |
| void PioInterruptHandler | ( | uint32_t | id, |
| Pio * | pPio | ||
| ) |
Handles all interrupts on the given PIO controller.
| id | PIO controller ID. |
| pPio | PIO controller base address. |
|
static |
|
static |


This is a quick dash Quiz for use by both teachers. Do you know your javascrip?
1.what is HTML?
2.What is the meaning of CSS?
what is an array ?
4. What is DOM?


| KITCHEN:: |
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Computer Libri:: 5-10 ea
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How to Mags:: 4
/ea (cost over 15 /ea) |
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Dictionary & Thesaurus:: 3
/set
Keeping Italian Dictionary
Jamaica:: 1
Strunk & White:: 3
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Grisham:: 3 /ea
My fav is The Partner, which I'll keep. All his
books are pretty good.
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misc books:: 3 /ea
set of five:: 12 |
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m10a
m10b
m10c
m10d
m10e
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English Dictionary:: 5
Chronicles of Narnia:: 7
Atlas of Hawaii:: 25 free shipping
"Best version-way better than the
new one"
Bid 1: PC, 25
Homepage Usability:: 15
Information Architecture:: 10
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m17
m18
m19
m20
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leather book bag:: 25
Bid 1: MG: 25
silver leather purse:: 8
black leather purse:: 8
Bid 1: MG: 8
black handbag:: 10
Bid 1: MG: 10 |
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m20b
m20c
m20d |
brand new cap:: 7
Life book:: 10
swedish gestapo blk boots:: 25
(run a little big) |
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m21a |
! jar of Gesso to prep canvas,
2 canvas (still wrapped in plastic):: 15
[brushes not included] |
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m21b |
italian can & pencil holder:: 25
paper can is collapsible and matches cup. made
in italia,,, (light use, looks new), molto bene.. |
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home | art | furniture | kitchen |
misc | garage & garden | auction
details | +books |
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The Archers commissions ‘making mince pies' spin-off
The Archers has commissioned a mince pie spin-off for fans who want to hear more of the rural soap’s background noise.
Matriarch Jill Archer, voiced by Patricia Greene, will be found in her Brookfield Farm kitchen.
Fans can listen in as the 89-year-old “brings together a dough, rolls it out and cuts it into perfect rounds before filling it with her homemade mincemeat.”
They will hear her “whip-up some brandy butter and enjoy a cup of tea” but she will not divulge her recipe.
The spin-off, to air on December 7 on BBC Sounds, follows the success of the first “soothing soundscape” from Ambridge.
Instead of hearing about Will’s troubles, Kate’s love life or Ian and Adam’s journey into parenthood, fans heard the sound of rain, tractors, birds chirping and dogs barking on Brookfield Farm.
The background noise depicted a slice of Ambridge on a Saturday, the one day of the week when the world’s longest-running soap does not air.
It follows the success of slow TV programmes such as a two-hour canal boat journey shot in real time.
Radio 4, home to The Archers, has also enjoyed a hit with Tweet Of The Day, which began as 90 seconds of birdsong.
Making Mince Pies With Jill Archer At Brookfield Farm will air on BBC Sounds on Saturday December 7.


4.5 (3986)
$ • Jaffna Hotel
Rotti is a very tasty food consumed primarily in South Asian Countries.
Dont Wait!


SYLLABUS
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The World Wide Web Consortium achieves its mission by bringing diverse stake-holders together, under a clear and effective consensus-based process to develop high-quality standards based on contributions from the W3C Members, staff, and the community at large.
W3C is led by Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, and Dr. Jeffrey Jaffe, W3C CEO. They are supported by a staff of technical experts who help coordinate technology development and manage the operations of the Consortium.
W3C Members and invited experts from the public provide energy to the groups that write W3C's Web standards.
The broader Web community also plays an important role in reviewing and providing input on specifications; there are many ways to participate in W3C even as an individual.
W3C does not have a typical organizational structure, nor is it incorporated. There are at least two ways to think about how W3C is organized:
In administrative terms: W3C is administered via a joint agreement among these "Host Institutions": MIT , ERCIM , Keio University, and Beihang University. The W3C staff (many of whom work physically at one of these institutions) is led by a Director and CEO. A small management team is responsible for resource allocation and strategic planning on behalf of the staff. Regional offices play an important role in W3C being an international organization.
In process terms: the W3C Process Document, Member Agreement, Patent Policy, and a few others documents establish the roles and responsibilities of the parties involved in the making of W3C standards. Some key components of the organization are:
W3C sources of revenue include:
Organizations located all over the world and involved in many different fields join W3C to participate in a vendor-neutral forum for the creation of Web standards. W3C Members and a dedicated full-time staff of technical experts have earned W3C international recognition for its contributions to the Web. W3C's global efforts includes:
Most W3C work revolves around the standardization of Web technologies. To accomplish this work, W3C follows processes that promote the development of high-quality standards based on community consensus; an introduction to the W3C Process gives a sense of how W3C gets work done. All stakeholders can have a voice in the development of W3C standards, including Members large and small, as well as the public. W3C processes promote fairness, responsiveness, and progress: all facets of the W3C mission.
In August 2011, W3C created Community and Business Groups with a lighter-weight process to promote innovation.
In October 2014, W3C published a Positive Work Environment framework that includes a Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct for the W3C Community to follow.
See also W3C legal and policy information.
In February 2004, W3C adopted a Patent Policy for Working Groups to enable continued innovation and widespread adoption of Web standards developed by the World Wide Web Consortium. The W3C Patent Policy is designed to:
In August 2011, W3C adopted a Community Contributor License Agreement with Royalty-Free patent licensing terms and permissive copyright for W3C Community and Business Groups. See also the Final Specification Agreement, which further increases patent protection around Community and Business Group Specifications.
More resources
In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (see the original proposal). He coined the term "World Wide Web," wrote the first World Wide Web server, "httpd," and the first client program (a browser and editor), "WorldWideWeb," in October 1990. He wrote the first version of the "HyperText Markup Language" (HTML), the document formatting language with the capability for hypertext links that became the primary publishing format for the Web. His initial specifications for URIs, HTTP, and HTML were refined and discussed in larger circles as Web technology spread.
W3C10 panel recounts early Web history.
In October 1994, Tim Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Computer Science [MIT/LCS] in collaboration with CERN, where the Web originated (see information on the original CERN Server), with support from DARPA and the European Commission. In April 1995, INRIA (Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique) became the first European W3C host, followed by Keio University of Japan (Shonan Fujisawa Campus) in Asia in 1996. In 2003, ERCIM (European Research Consortium in Informatics and Mathematics) took over the role of European W3C Host from INRIA. In 2013, W3C announced Beihang University as the fourth Host.
W3C10 Time Line Graphic
(other formats and description)


Papilionidae
Upper surface of hindwing iridescent blue or blue-green. Underside of hindwing with submarginal row of 7 round orange spots in iridescent blue field.
A wide variety of open habitats, open woodland, and woodland edges.
In the East and California, adults fly primarily in late spring (though as early as late February or March) and summer, but the butterfly is commoner in late summer and fall in the South and Southwest.
Solely nectar from flowers including thistles (Cirsium species), bergamot, lilac, viper's bugloss, common azaleas, phlox, teasel, azaleas, dame's-rocket, lantana, petunias, verbenas, lupines, yellow star thistle, California buckeye, yerba santa, brodiaeas, and gilias..


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Military Strategy
目录
Executive Summary
Chinese Military Strategy And Doctrine
Territorial Disuptes
The New Historic Missions
Size, Location, and Capabilities of Chinese Military Forces
Size, Location, And Capabilities Developments
Naval Forces
Air and Air Defense Forces
Ground Forces
Nuclear Forces
Problems and limitations
The First and Second Island Chains
参考书目
军事地图（Map）
Executive Summary
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, PRC, is pursuing a long-term, comprehensive military modernization program designed to improve the capacity of China’s armed forces to fight and win “local wars under conditions of informatization,” or high-intensity, information-centric regional military operations 操作，经营；手术；运算；作战 of short duration. China’s leaders view modernization of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) as an essential component of their strategy to take advantage of what they perceive to be a “window of strategic opportunity” to advance China’s national development during the !rst two decades of the 21st century. During this period, China’s leaders are placing a priority on fostering a positive external environment to provide the PRC with the strategic space to focus on economic growth and development. 韬光养晦
At the same time, Chinese leaders seek to maintain peace and stability along their country’s periphery外围, expand their diplomatic influence to facilitate 促进 access to markets, capital, and resources, and avoid direct confrontation with the United States and other countries. This strategy has led to an expansion of China’s presence in regions all over the world, creating new and expanding economic and diplomatic interests.
As these interests have grown, and as China has assumed 取得（权力）；承担，担任；假设 new roles and responsibilities in the international community, China’s military modernization is, to an increasing extent, focusing on investments in military capabilities that would enable China’s armed forces to conduct a wide range of missions, including those farther from China. Even as the PLA is contending 争夺；竞争；奋斗 声称，主张；争论 with this growing array of missions, preparing for contingencies 意外事故 in the Taiwan Strait remains the principal focus and driver of much of China’s military investment.
In this context, over the past year, the PLA continued to build the capabilities and develop the doctrine it considers necessary to deter 阻止，威慑 Taiwan from declaring independence; to deter, delay, and deny effective U.S. intervention in a potential cross-Strait conflict; and to defeat Taiwan forces in the event of hostilities.
To support the PLA’s expanding set of roles and missions, China’s leaders in 2011 sustained investment in advanced cruise巡航 missiles导弹, short and medium range conventional ballistic弹道 missiles, anti-ship ballistic missiles, counterpace weapons, and military cyberspace capabilities which appear designed to enable anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) 封锁/反封锁 missions, or what PLA strategists refer to as “counter intervention operations.”
The PLA also continued to demonstrate improved capabilities in advanced fighter aircraft, as evidenced by the inaugural 就任的；创始的 fight testing of the J-20 stealth fighter 隐身战机; limited power projection武装力量投送, with the launch of China’s First aircraft carrier for sea trials; integrated air defenses; undersea warfare; nuclear deterrence and strategic strike 打击; improved command and control; and more sophisticated training and exercises across China’s air, naval, and land forces.
Underscoring the extent to which China’s leaders are increasingly looking to the PLA to perform missions that go beyond China’s immediate 最接近的；目前的 territorial concerns, over the past year the PLA deployed assets to support non-combatant evacuation operations from Libya, extended its presence 出席 in the Gulf of Aden for a third year of counterpiracy 反海盗 operations, took on leadership roles in United Nations peace operations, and conducted medical exchanges and a service mission to Latin America and the Caribbean using the PLA Navy’s hospital ship. 苏联派导弹，中国医疗船
During their January 2011 summit, President Barack Obama and China’s President Hu Jintao committed to work together to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual beneft. Within that framework, the U.S. Department of Defense seeks to build a military-to-military relationship with China that is healthy, stable, reliable, and continuous.
Strengthening the U.S.-China military-to-military relationship is a part of shaping China’s choices by encouraging it to cooperate with the United States and its allies and partners in the delivery of international public goods, including in such endeavors as counterpiracy, international peacekeeping, and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations. As the United States builds a stronger foundation for a military-tomilitary relationship with China, it also will continue to monitor China’s evolving military strategy, doctrine, and force development. In concert with Allies and partners, the United States will continue adapting its forces, posture 姿势；看法； 态度；立场, and operational concepts to maintain a stable and secure Asia-Pacific security environment.
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Chinese Military Strategy And Doctrine
Overview
China’s leaders view the first two decades of the 21st century as a “period of strategic opportunity” for China’s growth and development. They assess that this period will include a generally favorable external environment, characterized by interdependence, cooperation, and a low threat of major power war. They believe this provides China a unique opportunity to focus on internal development while avoiding direct confrontation with the United States and other great powers. China’s leaders do not expect this period to be free of tension or competition (as evidenced by periodic flare-ups 闪光；爆发 with neighbors over territorial disputes in the South China Sea) or to last indefinitely. 韬光养晦
China’s foreign and security policies remain aimed largely at taking advantage of and prolonging this window of opportunity. To do this, Beijing seeks to emphasize positive relations with neighbors and constructive engagement in
international affairs, key components of what Beijing calls its “peaceful development path.” 宣传口号 In a December 2010 essay on China’s foreign policy strategy, PRC State Councilor Dai Bingguo characterized peaceful development as China’s “basic state policy and strategic choice” and claimed that China’s “biggest strategic intention” is to improve the lives of its people. 信不信由你
engagement：官方翻译是“接触政策”。但查了很多词典，并参考《铁娘子》电影中撒切尔Thatcher的部属在马岛战争指挥部所言“engage them”（与他们交战）。所以，美国的外交政策时与中国作战（保持接触）。希拉里任上提出rebalance（再平衡），我国非常不爽。但比美国右派的engagement（交战）还是要温和和多。
China’s Strategic Objectives
Within this context, China pursues a set of overriding strategic objectives that have remained fairly consistent 一致的；一贯的 over the past decade. These objectives include preserving 保护；保持 Communist Party rule 统治, sustaining economic growth and development, defending national sovereignty and territorial integrity, achieving national unification, maintaining internal stability, and securing China’s status as a great power.
With its growing power and international status, China periodically acts more assertively in pursuit of its strategic priorities, while also seeking to take advantage of a favorable external environment to pursue economic and military modernization goals.
Beijing is finding it increasingly dificult to balance these interests, particularly when the pursuit of one confiicts with the pursuit of another. For example, although defending territorial claims allows China to display firmness on sovereigntyrelated issues, Beijing must balance such behavior against the need to avoid a backlash 反击；激烈反应 among neighboring countries that could undermine the stable external environment on which Beijing depends for domestic development. 多目标，最值不收敛
China’s Military Strategy
To advance its broader strategic objectives and self-proclaimed “core interests,” China is pursuing a robust and systematic military modernization program. In 2011, Taiwan remained the PLA’s most critical potential mission, and
the PLA continued to build the capabilities and develop the doctrine necessary to deter the island from asserting its sovereignty; deter, disrupt, or deny effective third-party (including U.S.) intervention in a potential cross-Strait
conflict; and defeat Taiwan forces in the event of hostilities.
The PLA’s modernization efforts focus primarily on building a force capable of fighting and winning “local wars under conditions of informatization” — conditions in which modern military forces use advanced computer systems, information technology, and communication networks to gain operational advantage over an opponent对手；敌手.
The character used for “local war” can also be translated as “regional war.” There is a debate over which translation is more accurate. In the course of developing, refining, and assimilating these technologies, the basic tenets 原则；信条；教义 of China’s military strategy and war fighting doctrine have displayed strong continuity. The PLA in turn has ensured that its information technologies have been developed, refined, and integrated to ensure continuity with China’s military strategy.
China’s “Military Strategic Guidelines for the New Period,” completed in 1993 and revised as recently as 2004, contains the overarching 总的 strategic and operational guidance that directs the training, development, and employment of China’s armed forces. The key operational component 成分；零件 of these guidelines is known as “active defense,” which serves as the highest-level operational guidance to all PLA services on how to fight and win wars. The war fighting principles embedded in active defense emphasize using precise and well-timed offensive operations, gaining and retaining the initiative 主动；倡议；初步的, attacking only under favorable conditions, and exploiting an opponent’s most vulnerable weaknesses.
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Territorial Disuptes
China’s actions in 2011 with respect to ongoing land and maritime territorial disputes with neighbors reflected a mix of contentment 满足 with the status quo 既成事实, renewed efforts to reassure 使安心，使消除疑虑 wary 警戒的 neighbors, and continued willingness (particularly through the use of paramilitary 准军事的 maritime law enforcement assets) to assert Chinese claims.
China notably took steps to ease relations with Japan and dampen 抑制 suspicion among rival South China Sea claimants 原告；索取者 after China’s assertive posture in 2010 increased regional tensions. These steps included high-level engagement with Tokyo and confidence-building measures with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), even as Chinese maritime law enforcement assets continued to defend Chinese claims in disputed areas (Appendix IV, Figure 1).
engagement：官方翻译是“接触政策”。但查了很多词典，并参考《铁娘子》电影中撒切尔Thatcher的部属在马岛战争指挥部所言“engage them”（与他们交战）。所以，美国的外交政策时与中国作战（保持接触）。希拉里任上提出rebalance（再平衡），我国非常不爽。但比美国右派的engagement（交战）还是要温和和多。
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The New Historic Missions
The PLA is expanding its participation in military operations other than war, consistent with President and Central Military Commission Chairman Hu Jintao’s Christmas Eve 2004 statement to the armed forces, where he outlined a set of “new historic missions” for the PLA. This mission statement calls on the PLA to protect China’s expanding national interests and adopt a larger role in promoting international peace and security. The “non-war” operations associated
with these missions include counter-piracy and counter-terrorism operations, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HA/DR), UN peacekeeping, sea lanes 航道，空中走廊 protection, and securing space-based assets.
In 2011, the PLA participated in various nonwar operations. Among them, in February- March 2011, China evacuated approximately 36,000 Chinese nationals from Libya during the uprisings against Muammar Gaddafi. Though the majority of evacuees 撤离者 were moved via commercial aircraft, ships, and buses, the guided missile frigate 护卫舰 Xuzhou and four IL-76 transport aircraft were also involved.
In April 2011, the first PLA officer (a major general) to be appointed as military leader of a UN Peacekeeping Force completed a three-and one- half-year assignment with the UN Mission for the Referendum 全民公决 in Western Sahara. In February 2011, the second PLA officer to assume such a position commanded the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus. As of December 2011, China had more than 1,850 military personnel and observers deployed to 10 of the UN’s 15 peacekeeping missions.
From late October through November 2011, the PLA Navy’s ANWEI-class Peace Ark hospital ship conducted a medical exchange and service mission, including stops in Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Costa Rica.
In November 2011, China’s Ministry of National Defense co-chaired (with Vietnam) the first ASEAN Defense Ministers Meeting-Plus (ADMM+) Experts Working Group meeting on HA/DR - one of five topics selected for enhanced regional collaboration by defense ministers at the (ADMM+) in October 2010.
In December 2011, the PLA Navy deployed its tenth task force to the Gulf of Aden in support of ongoing international counter-piracy efforts.
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Size, Location, and Capabilities of Chinese Military Forces
China’s long-term, comprehensive military modernization is improving the PLA’s capacity to conduct high-intensity, regional military operations, including counter-intervention operations.
For China, “counter-intervention” refers to a set of operationally-defined tasks designed to prevent foreign (e.g., U.S.) military forces from intervening in a conflict and preventing China from accomplishing its military objectives. China employs anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) 封锁/反封锁 weapons in support of this broader counter-intervention strategy – a strategy not bound by a set geographic area or domain.
Consistent with a near-term focus on Taiwan Strait contingencies, China bases many of its most advanced systems in the military regions (MRs) opposite Taiwan. Although China could employ these capabilities for a variety of regional crisis or conflict scenarios, China has made less progress on capabilities that extend global reach or power projection武装力量投送. Outside of peacetime counter-piracy missions, for example, the PLA Navy has little operational experience beyond regional waters. Although the PLA’s new roles and missions in the international domain, like counter-piracy, reflect China’s expanding set of interests, regional contingencies continue to dominate resources and planning (China’s Import Transit Routes, Appendix IV, Figure 5).
想通过 制裁 sanction 手段达到目的？
Location of China PLA Airforce
Location of China PLA Navy
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Size, Location, And Capabilities Developments
Ballistic and Cruise Missiles. China continues investments in its land-based ballistic and cruise missile programs. It is developing several variants 多样的 of offensive missiles, upgrading older systems, forming additional units, and developing methods to counter ballistic missile defenses.
The PLA is acquiring large numbers of highly accurate, domestically built cruise missiles, and has previously acquired large numbers of Russian ones. These include the domestically produced, ground-launched CJ-10 land-attack cruise missile (LACM); the domestically produced ground- and ship-launched YJ-62 anti-ship cruise missile (ASCM); the Russian SS-N-22/SUNBURN supersonic 超音速的 ASCM, which is fitted on China’s SOVREMENNY-class guided missile destroyers; and the Russian SS-N-27B/SIZZLER supersonic ASCM on China’s Russian-built KILO-class diesel-powered attack submarines.
By October 2011, the PLA had deployed between 1,000 and 1,200 SRBM to units opposite Taiwan. In the past year, China has fielded new SRBM systems, added additional missile brigades 旅 in southeastern China, and upgraded the lethality 致命性，毁坏性 of its existing SRBM force by introducing variants with improved ranges, accuracies, and payloads.
During comments to the media in 2011, China confirmed it is developing an anti-ship ballistic missile (ASBM), based on a variant of the DF-21 (CSS-5) medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM). Known as the DF-21D (CSS-5 Mod 5), this missile is intended to provide the PLA the capability to attack large ships, particularly aircraft carriers, in the western Pacific Ocean. The assessed range of the DF-21D exceeds 1,500 km, and the missile is armed with a maneuverable warhead 容易操作的，有机动性的.
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Naval Forces
Since the 1990s, the PLA Navy has transformed from a large fleet of singlemission platforms to a leaner force equipped with more modern, multi-mission platforms. In contrast to the fleet of just a decade ago, many PLA Navy combatants are equipped with advanced area air-defense systems, modern ASCMs, and torpedoes 鱼雷. These capabilities not only increase the lethality 致命性，毁坏性 of PLA Navy platforms, particularly in the area of anti-surface warfare, but also enable them to operate beyond the range of land-based air cover.
The PLA Navy possesses some 79 principal surface combatants (destroyers 驱逐舰 and frigates护卫舰), 50 submarines, 51 amphibious 两栖的 and medium landing ships, and 86 missile-equipped patrol craft. The PLA Navy has now completed construction of a major naval base at Yalong, on the southernmost tip of Hainan Island. The base is large enough to accommodate a mix of nuclear-powered attack and ballistic-missile submarines and advanced surface combatants, including aircraft carriers. Submarine tunnel 隧道 facilities at the base could also enable deployments from this facility with reduced risk of detection.
China’s aircraft carrier research and development program includes renovation of the KUZNETSOV-class aircraft carrier Hull 2 (formerly the Varyag), which began sea trials in 2011. It will likely serve initially as a training and evaluation platform. Once China deploys aircraft capable of operating from a carrier, it should offer a limited capability for carrier-based air operations. Some components of China’s first indigenously-produced carrier may already be under construction; that carrier could achieve operational capability after 2015. China likely will build multiple aircraft carriers and associated support ships over the next decade.
China currently has a land-based training program for carrier pilots; however, it will still take several additional years for China to achieve a minimal 最小的 level of combat capability for its aircraft carriers. The PLA Navy is improving its long-range surveillance 监视 capability with sky-wave and surfacewave over-the-horizon (OTH) radars. In combination with early-warning aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and other surveillance 监视 and reconnaissance 侦察或观测 equipment, the radars allow China to carry out surveillance and reconnaissance over the western Pacific. These radars can be used in conjunction with reconnaissance satellites to locate targets at great distances from China, thereby supporting long-range precision strikes, including employment of ASBMs. 那么，航空母舰战斗群将暴露在中国火力之下。
China has developed torpedo and mine systems capable of area denial 封锁 in a Taiwan scenario. Estimates of China’s naval mine inventory exceed 50,000 mines, with many more capable systems developed in the past 10 years.
China is producing a new class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN). The JIN-class SSBN (Type-094) will eventually carry the JL-2 submarine-launched ballistic missile with an estimated range of some 7,400km. The JIN-class SSBN and the JL-2 will give the PLA Navy its first credible sea-based nuclear capability. The JL-2 program has faced repeated delays, but may reach initial operating capability within the next two years. 核二次打击能力还在建设中。
China has expanded its force of nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSN). Two secondgeneration SHANG-class (Type-093) SSNs are already in service and as many as five thirdgeneration SSNs will be added in the coming years. When complete, the new class of SSNs will incorporate better quieting technology, improving China’s capability to conduct a range of missions from surveillance to the interdiction 禁止 of surface vessels with torpedoes and ASCMs.
The current mainstay 柱石；骨干 of modern diesel 柴油机 powered attack submarines (SS) in the PLA Navy submarine force are the 13 SONG-class (Type-039) units. Each can carry the YJ-82 ASCM. The follow-on to the SONG is the YUAN-class (a Type-039 variant), as many as four of which are already in service. The YUAN-class probably includes an air-independent power system.
The SONG, YUAN, SHANG and the still-to-be-deployed new SSN-class all will eventually be capable of launching a new long-range ASCM.
China has deployed approximately 60 of its HOUBEI-class (Type-022) wave-piercing catamaran 双体船- hull guided missile patrol craft. Each boat can carry up to eight YJ-83 ASCMs. These boats have increased the PLA Navy’s littoral 沿海 warfare capabilities.
The PLA Navy has acquired modern, domestically-produced surface combatants. These include at least two LUYANG II-class (Type-052C) guided missile destroyers (DDG) fitted with the indigenous 固有的；本地的 HHQ-9 long-range SAM, with additional hulls 船体 under construction; two LUZHOU-class (Type-051C) DDGs equipped with the Russian SA-N-20 long-range SAM; and at least nine JIANGKAI II-class (Type-054A) guided-missile frigates, fitted with the mediumrange HHQ-16 vertically launched SAM. These ships improve the PLA Navy’s area air defense capability significantly, which will be critical as the PLA Navy expands its operations into areas beyond the range of shore-based air defense.
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Air and Air Defense Forces
China bases approximately 490 combat aircraft within unrefueled operational range of Taiwan and has the airfield capacity to expand that number by hundreds. 对台空军
Newer and more advanced aircraft make up a growing percentage of the inventory.
The January 2011 flight test of China’s next-generation fighter prototype, the J-20, highlights China’s ambition to produce a fighter aircraft that incorporates stealth attributes, advanced avionics 航空电子设备, and supercruise-capable engines.
China is upgrading its B-6 bomber fleet (originally adapted from the Soviet Tu-16 BADGER) with a new, longer-range variant that will be armed with a new long-range cruise missile.
The PLA Air Force has continued expanding its inventory of long-range, advanced SAM systems and now possesses one of the largest such forces in the world. Over the past five years, China has acquired multiple S-300 battalions 部队, the most advanced SAM system that Russia exports. It has also introduced the indigenously designed HQ-9.
China’s aviation industry is developing several types of airborne 飞机载的 early warning and control system (AWACS) aircraft. These include the Y-8 MOTH and the KJ-2000, based on a modified Russian IL-76 airframe.
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Ground Forces
The PLA has about 1.25 million ground force personnel, roughly 400,000 of whom are based in the three MRs opposite Taiwan. China continues to gradually modernize its large ground force. Much of the observed upgrade activity has occurred in units with the potential to be involved in a Taiwan contingency. Examples of ground unit modernization
include the Type-99 third-generation main battle tank, a new-generation amphibious assault vehicle, and a series of multiple rocket launch systems.
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Nuclear Forces
China’s nuclear arsenal currently consists of about 50-75 silo-based 发射井, liquid-fueled and road-mobile, solid-fueled ICBMs. This force is complemented by liquid-fueled, intermediate-range ballistic missiles and road-mobile, solid-fueled MRBMs for regional deterrence missions. By 2015, China’s nuclear forces will include additional CSS-10 Mod 2s, enhanced CSS-4s and likely JL-2’s. The first two JIN-class SSBNs are in operational service, but the associated JL-2 SLBM continues to undergo flight testing. The JIN-class/JL-2 combination may be operational within the next two years.
China continues work on technologies to counter U.S. and other countries’ ballistic missile defense systems as well as development of training and operating procedures that augment technological developments. Together, they strengthen China’s nuclear force and enhance its strategic strike capabilities.
Beijing’s official policy toward the role of nuclear weapons remains unchanged and focuses on maintaining a nuclear force structure able to survive an attack and respond with sufficient strength to inflict 承受，遭受；给予（打击等） unacceptable damage on the enemy. The new generation of mobile missiles is intended to ensure the viability of China’s strategic deterrent in the face of continued missile defense advances in the United States and, to a lesser extent, Russia.
Beijing’s “no-first-use” (NFU) nuclear policy remains unchanged: “China will not be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstance, and unequivocally 清楚明白地 commits that under no circumstances will it use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against nonnuclear weapon states or nuclear weapon free zones.” There has been no clarification of the ambiguity regarding the conditions under which China’s NFU policy might not apply or where
conditional nuclear threats might be permissible 许可的. 犹如律师辩论，忠于委托人利益而非事实。
Beijing will continue to invest considerable resources to maintain a limited nuclear force, also referred to by some Chinese writers as “sufficient and effective,” to ensure that the PLA can deliver a damaging retaliatory 报复的 nuclear strike response (Medium and Intercontinental Range Ballistic MissilesAppendix IV, Figure 7).
Figure 7: Medium and Intercontinental Range Ballistic Missiles. China is capable of targeting its nuclear forces throughout the region and most of the world, including the continental United States. Newer systems, such as the DF-31, DF-31A, and JL-2, will give China a more survivable nuclear force. 两弹一星。
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Problems and limitations
The introduction of more mobile systems will create new command and control challenges for China’s leadership, which now confronts a different set of variables related to deployment and release authorities. For example, the PLA Navy has only a limited capacity to communicate with submarines at sea, and the PLA Navy has no experience in managing an SSBN fleet that performs strategic patrols with live nuclear warheads mated to missiles. Landbased mobile missiles may face similar command and control challenges in wartime. 系统工程。
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The First and Second Island Chains
这个岛链是中国提出来的，不是美国搞的。我想，美国还没有弱到防守中国的地步。
Figure 4: The First and Second Island Chains. PRC military theorists refer to two “island chains” along China’s maritime perimeter. The First Island Chain includes Taiwan and the Ryuku Islands, the Second Island Chain extends from Japan to Guam.
更多资讯，请访问： retter2012.com 。
中国鹰派（Hawk）声音洪大，鸽派（Dove）默默无闻。其实，鹰派（Hawk）就是走零和博弈的霸道（义）；鸽派（Dove）讲究沟通和交换的王道（仁）。一个黑脸（狮子），一个白脸（狐狸）。一个打，一个谈。其实，不管什么集团都是首先为自己谋利益的，然后才为了国家谋利益。高手往往能够王霸互用；2B通常一条道走到黑。阴阳调燮，关键是分寸适度，收放自如。无论如何，我们是玩Hardball，不能绥靖（Appeasement）的。
中国的国防和外交政策，早有定论。最近舆论开放，有各种不同声音。先前有不高兴，然后是狼图腾，最近又有人提出美国搞“C形包围”，从日本到菲律宾到马来西亚、缅甸到印度，到阿富汗，仿佛要封堵中国的出海口。如果C形包围真的存在，那么美国必须像当年中国一样修长城（国家测绘局明代长城为8851.8公里）。C形包围弯弯曲曲，长度超过2万公里（地球周长的一半），不管用什么高科技都很难守得住的吧？历史也证明了这一点：
1、 中国长城不断被北方游牧民族攻破，举不胜举。不过，如此浩大的工程的确是大肥缺。
2、 近代有名的还有马其诺防线（Maginot Line）、巴列夫防线（Bar Lev Line，赎罪日战争，Yom Kippur War），都惨败而终。
3、 不用防线而获胜的例子有很多。比如：拿破仑兵败莫斯科（Kutuzov），诺曼底登陆，中国红军游击战等。关键在维持有生力量。
4、 罗马帝国因过度扩张而导致崩溃，这一点奥巴马早就研究明白了。美国小左希拉里来搞再平衡（Rebalance），只是抢钱。右派的接触政策（Engagement）才是要命的。
engagement：官方翻译是“接触政策”。但查了很多词典，并参考《铁娘子》电影中撒切尔Thatcher的部属在马岛战争指挥部所言“engage them”（与他们交战）。所以，美国的外交政策时与中国作战（保持接触）。希拉里任上提出rebalance（再平衡），我国非常不爽。但比美国右派的engagement（交战）还是要温和和多。
中国人喜欢长城，将心比心推己及人，认为美国也喜欢长城。如果美国一定要建长城，我们不妨促而进之，让国防成本压垮丫挺的。或者，美国为了平衡预算，变本加厉地掠夺昔日的盟友，众叛亲离。就像美国里根（Reagan）政府曾经用星球大战拖垮苏联一样。
再说了，游牧和航海民族是不会考虑筑城固守的。只要保存战斗力量和抵抗意志，哪里都是他们的根据地。比如，蒙古的成吉思汗（Genghis Khan）和忽必烈（Kublai）；还有美国鹰派本来可以控制菲律宾的，但考虑到成本而最终放弃。不当家不知道柴米贵，明清两朝均在占领朝鲜和越南后退兵。
现在想来，C形包围可能不是美国用来防中国的，而是某些人设想出来打击美国的。以前，中国的势力范围仅限于近海，现在，试图扩张到蓝海。未来五年，要做到深蓝。为了让自己保持弱者形象而博取同情，竟然炮制出一个C形包围。器具太小！
从历史来看，中国海岸线的防守一直都非常薄弱，敌国可以轻易攻占广州、上海、天津。如果我国海军处于防守态势，美国要那个劳什子（C形包围）来干什么？进攻方不是要攻其不备吗？如迦太基（Carthage）的汉尼拔（Hannibal）打罗马，就绕道陆路进攻。另外，美国只有中国一个需要全力以赴对付的敌人吗？咱们是不是太看重自己了点？或者，夜郎自大井底之蛙？
如果C形包围不能成立，那么中国将来如何打算呢？笔者认为，中国外交首先是和平发展。“韬光养晦”隐含“复仇”意味，它是以实力为基础，无平等、无诚信、主权高于一切、为达目的不择手段的博弈策略。采用归谬法，很容易得出“天下第一”的结论。换句话说，中国只有成为“天下第一”才能安全（获得别国尊重）。No2服从No1，符合“强食弱肉”的逻辑。但如果全世界上百个国家，个个想当No1，那怎么办？No2还要不要有尊严地活下去？天朝一统，这就是金庸小说里面的皇帝梦（千秋万代，一统江湖）。永恒仅仅存在于宗教，哲学上大都认为不可能。天下大同可能是宗教意识形态的吧？
如果放弃了争霸世界的思想，如何安排国防预算呢？国防开支的终极目的，可以定在“让敌人无利可图”这个目标上头。砍头的事有人做，赔本的买卖没人做。原因如下：
1、 光靠强大的武力不能实现和平崛起的目标。比如航空母舰，1941年日本海军力量绝对超过美国，又有什么用？21世纪已不能通过武力换取经济利益。
2、 任何投资都要求回报。如果资产负债表（Balance sheet）太多坦克和大炮，迟早要利用这些资产来牟利的。比如1900年到1940年的欧洲军备进竞赛。
更多资讯，请访问： retter2012.com 。
国防、外交和经济可以相互配合，实现中国的和平崛起。首先，联合俄国。Mackinder的地理枢纽（Geographical Pivot）理论虽然导致纳粹德国的覆灭，但对中俄却非常有用。俄国拥有大面积的国土，中国有大量勤劳的人口。其中的问题大概是俄国一向不太可靠，这相对于欧美日本来说。中国背后的俄国，从历史文化上看，很让人不放心的。所以，还得承认美国这个大哥。
在中俄联合（不是联盟）的基础上，结交美国。50年内，中国绝不能与美国开战。这个符合老祖宗远交近攻的策略。中美关系偶有冲突，是健康的。中美匹敌，还需要至少20年。文艺是先导，看看Kubin评论的莫言吧：语言单薄、手法老旧；缺乏思想，不敢批判。解放后中国作家不会外语，难以读懂原文，不能领会原著精神。再看看中国的教育，北京四中和黄岗中学的高考英雄到底“能”还是不能呢？中国的将军（企业家）有几个是重点高中、名牌大学毕业的？政治局的老大有几个精通外语呢（德国默克尔精通俄语，俄国普京会德语）？ 看看义务教育的课程表，再看看英国私立中学的课程表（Winchester College, Eton College & Harrow School）。
Art. Astronomy. Biology. Business Studies. Chemistry. Classics. Critical Thinking. Design Technology. Economics. English. Etiquette. Geography. Government & Politics. History. History of Art. Information Technology. Mathematics. Modern Languages. Music. Music Technology. Philosophy. Physical Education. Physics. Religious Studies. Sports. Statistics. Theatre Studies.
Steve Jobs: The Lost Interview (2012)
Cringley: How do you know the right direction?
Jobs: (long pause) Ultimately it comes down to taste. It’s a matter of trying to expose yourself to the best things that humans have done. And then try to bring those things into what you are doing. Picasso had a saying: “Good artists copy. Great artists steal.” We have always been shameless about stealing great ideas.
Part of what made the Macintosh great was that the people working on it were musicians, poets, and artists, and zoologists, and historians. They also happened to be the best computer scientists in the world. But if it hadn’t been computer science, these people would have been doing amazing things in other fields. We all brought to this a sort of “liberal arts” air, an attitude that we wanted to pull the best that we saw into this field. You don’t get that if you are very narrow.
要打仗，首先要有尚武精神（奥运金牌数没有用的）。中国内地的体育实在太差了，不值一评。所以，中国还没有准备好（现在敌国也不太可能打我们的）。我们不打无准备的仗！就像俾斯麦说德国不能同时与法俄开战一样，丘吉尔的判断是：谁跟美国打仗，谁就会倾家荡产。
对于日本，中国不得不小心应对。一方水土养一方人。如果日本侵略他国或拥有核武（生化武器），中国必须联合美俄予以坚决制止。如果中日开战，务必寻求彻底毁灭日本有生力量。干掉日本之后，再与美国谈判。谈判的周筹码就是中国拥有的毁灭性攻击力量（lethal quantity）。为了生存，中国必须维持有效的毁灭性攻击力量（lethal quantity/Mutual Assured Destruction），包括但不限于战略核威慑、战略导弹和太空武器、战略核潜艇、战略生化武器。只有在中国能够与美国同归于尽的条件下，美国才会与中国谈判。中国打日本没有私利可图（没有什么资源）的。打日本也不是为了扩大生存空间（Lebensraum），实在是为民除害啊！
日本打中国是持久战，中国打日本必须是闪电战。日本面积太小，中日距离太近。日本灭亡后，台湾自然统一。中日和平的条件是日本承认中国的大国地位并依此行事。别无他法。
在外交领域，必须寸步不让。外交官，首先是间谍（SPY）、然后是律师（Lawyer）最后是销售（Sale）。外交官效忠于自己的祖国（委托人），不管是原告还是被告，不管有罪无罪，也不管事实真相如何，律师（外交官）只为了委托人的利益而战。外交领域，胜者为王！至于领土问题，可大可小。不服气的可以研究一下普鲁士（Prussia）的历史地图或者中国的历史地图（谭其骧）。
20年之后，太平洋将类似古罗马时期的地中海（Mediterranean），成为兵家必争之地。中国应该走向深蓝，首先进入太平洋和北冰洋。至于印度洋，可作为下一步或仅保持威慑（没有控制太平洋，拿印度洋没用。国力有限，无论如何不能分散兵力）。2050年之前，中国还不具备挑战美国的能力。2050年后，中美应该没有必要打仗了，为什么不来一个寡头垄断（Oligopoly）呢？在生态系统里面，不能只有老虎和狮子，还有很多动植物的。一个国家，一个星球，总会有领导者的，叫一声“老板”不会死人的。同时，如果没有被领导者，领导者（统治者）也没有办法存在的。我相信，中美可以和谐相处就像Google和苹果（Apple），微软和Oracle一样。这就叫“成熟（mature）”。
中国要成为一流大国，光靠武力是不行的。我们必须要有一流的文化、金融和贸易支持（起码达到日本或德国水平）。这时，我们需要有商业界的德雷克（Drake）。
人恒过，然后能改，困于心，衡于虑，而后作，征于色，发于声，而后喻。入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也。
目前，中国的最大危险是小轿车。小轿车能够带来方便，但前提是地广人稀，必须以车代步。而中国人口众多集中大城市，小轿车的优势根本发挥不出来。可以想象的未来是污染严重和原料短缺的问题。污染会把大家都弄死。而原材料和能源的争夺肯定会导致战争。所以，在中国还是尽可能多地发展公共交通，我们又不是很赶时间（也不向往那种个体自由）。
另外一个就是中国浪费惊人。如果只是勤奋而不能节约，必遭天谴！到那时，自作孽不可活，没有人能救咱们的。中国人就真的成了星际蝗虫（locust）了。
最后，加强内部管理，千万不能出现内讧（内战）。否则，惨矣。记住：团结才是力量。这个应该比较靠谱儿。Only the Paranoid Survive!
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参考书目
Edward Smith, Effects based Operation, Complexity and Networking.
Kissinger, Diplomacy.
Winston Churchil, all books.
Ahamed, Lords of Finance.
Keohane, Power and Interdependence. (NeoLiberal)
Wendt, Theory of International Politics. (Constructivism)
Waltz, theory of international politics. (NeoRealist)
Wildavsky, New politics of Budgetary process.
阎学通：《国际关系研究实用方法》。
更多资讯，请访问： retter2012.com 。
秦亚青想搞国际关系学派，比如中国的建构主义学派。但他有自知之明，自己承认“中国学派和中国大师要代表中国的思想体系，但我没有自己的思想体系。拉小提琴仅仅技巧好不是大师，大师的著作要有高度的思想和灵感在里面。”除了形式上标新立异，内容也必须实实在在。所谓内容，就是实践结果。国际象棋中国学派在刘文哲的领导下，女子突飞猛进，立于世界强国之林（正与俄国争霸世界）。
《春秋》公羊三世说："据乱"、"升平"（小康）、"太平"（大同）。大同就是极乐世界。《礼记·礼远》篇所说的："大道之行也，天下为公，选贤与能，讲信修睦。故人不独亲其亲，不独子其子，使老有所终，壮有所用，幼有所长，矜寡孤独废疾皆有所养，男有分，女有归。货恶其弃于地也，不必藏于己；力恶其不出于身也，不必为己。是故谋闭而不兴，盗窃乱贼不作。故外户不闭，是为大同。天下大同可能就是中国外交的目标（宣传战、软实力、文化）。这其实是性善性恶的传统争论。天朝多为御用文人，缺乏学术独立，喜欢说一套，做一套。
天下大同就是天下太平。考察1900年德意志帝国，在表面上的道德高尚和现实中无耻低劣之间痛苦挣扎。《韦伯思想肖像》第8页。
The first rate of intelligence is to have two opposed ideas at the same time and still retain the ability to function．
“Don't follow the crowd, let the crowd follow you.” and “Europe was created by history. America was created by philosophy.” ― Margaret Thatcher
Watch your thoughts for they become words. Watch your words for they become actions. Watch your actions for they become. habits.  And watch your character, for it becomes your destiny! What we think we become. (Resonance & Attraction)Self-fulfilling prophecy.
知道你要去那儿；找到去那儿的路。只要不死，游戏就不会结束。
从微软帝国（USSR）到苹果苏丹（Sultan），然后再去Google共和国（Republic）。微软如同USSR，大而老。苹果政教合一，具有Mosque的高贵优雅。Google Republic非常大，非常强。从Windows到iOS/Mac OSX到Android，仿佛绕地球一周。
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C-Style Format Strings¶
Some types can be serialized/deserialized to/from messages using C-style
format strings. In C-style format strings, placeholders beginning with the
%
character indicate locations in the string that map to variables of
the designated type. These placeholders take the form of:
%[flags][width][.precision][length]type
where the fields are:
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
| flags | Flags indicating if the string representation should be padded to the designated with and, if so, should the string be left or right justified in the space. |
| width | Minimum width that the corresponding string representation of the variable should occupy in characters. |
| precision | Limit on the maximum width that the string representation should occupy based on the type of the variable. |
| length | Character code indicating the size of the variable expected. |
| type | Character code specifying what type the placeholder represents. This is the only required field. |
These strings can then be used to create messages from a list of variables
(printf
) or extract variable from messages (scanf
).
Some of the most common types are:
| Type Code | Type |
|---|---|
s |
String |
d |
Integer |
f |
Float |
e or E |
Exponential notation float with e or E denoting the
exponent. |
g or G |
General format that uses %f for numbers with small
exponents and %e or %E for numbers with large
exponents. |
For additional information about available types or how the fields are used for each type, please see the help for C’s printf function.


{% extends 'multiplex/adminbase.html' %} {% block content %} {% load static %}
| Customer Name | Movie Name | Movie Date | Total Seat | Seat Number | Watchers | Booking Cost | Delete Booking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{b.customer}} | {{b.movie}} | {{b.date}} | {{b.totalSeat}} | {{b.seatNumber}} | {{b.watchers}} | {{b.cost}} | ✘ |