Through Indonesia, worldwide support and the purchase of fuels reusable items, we've converted
kilograms of plastic wastes from you, land even coastlines to-date
Powering the hoses and buildings by
converting the plastic waste into fuel
We provide service that will convert your plastic waste into fuel and turn it with the fuel or money.
You just need to contact us, sit tightly and wait for us to pick the plastics up. SImple!
We sell the fuel produced as generator set fuel to power houses, buildings, companies, etc.
Let's be part of Plastic Rangers by using reusable items to reduce the use at plastic.


3 references to Release
System.Management.Automation (3)
engine\hostifaces\PowerShell.cs (2)
4357
tempStopAsyncResult.
Release
();
4408
tempStopAsyncResult.
Release
();
engine\hostifaces\RunspacePoolInternal.cs (1)
1561
runspaceRequester.
Release
();


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Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar (glucose) that develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth.
It can happen at any stage of pregnancy, but is more common in the second or third trimester.
It happens when your body cannot produce enough insulin – a hormone that helps control blood sugar levels – to meet your extra needs in pregnancy.
Gestational diabetes can cause problems for you and your baby during pregnancy and after birth. But the risks can be reduced if the condition is detected early and well managed.
Who's at risk of gestational diabetes
Any woman can develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy, but you're at an increased risk if:
- your body mass index (BMI) is above 30 - use the healthy weight calculator to work out your BMI
- you previously had a baby who weighed 4.5kg (10lb) or more at birth
- you had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy
- 1 of your parents or siblings has diabetes
- you are of south Asian, Black, African-Caribbean or Middle Eastern origin (even if you were born in the UK)
If any of these apply to you, you should be offered screening for gestational diabetes during your pregnancy.
Gestational diabetes does not usually cause any symptoms.
Most cases are only discovered when your blood sugar levels are tested during screening for gestational diabetes.
Some women may develop symptoms if their blood sugar levels gets too high (hyperglycaemia),such as:
- increased thirst
- needing to pee more often than usual
- a dry mouth
- tiredness
But some of these symptoms are common during pregnancy and are not necessarily a sign of gestational diabetes. Speak to your midwife or doctor if you're worried about any symptoms you're experiencing.
How gestational diabetes can affect your pregnancy
Most women with gestational diabetes have otherwise normal pregnancies with healthy babies.
However, gestational diabetes can cause problems such as:
- your baby growing larger than usual – this may lead to difficulties during the delivery and increases the likelihood of needing induced labour or a caesarean section
- polyhydramnios - too much amniotic fluid (the fluid that surrounds the baby) in the womb, which can cause premature labour or problems at delivery
- premature birth – giving birth before the 37th week of pregnancy
- pre-eclampsia – a condition that causes high blood pressure during pregnancy and can lead to pregnancy complications if not treated
- your baby developing low blood sugar or yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) after he or she is born, which may require treatment in hospital
- the loss of your baby (stillbirth) - though this is rare
Having gestational diabetes also means you're at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future
Screening for gestational diabetes
During your first antenatal appointment (also called a booking appointment) at around week 8 to 12 of your pregnancy, your midwife or doctor will ask you some questions to determine whether you're at an increased risk of gestational diabetes.
If you have 1 or more risk factors for gestational diabetes you should be offered a screening test.
The screening test is called an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which takes about 2 hours.
It involves having a blood test in the morning, when you have not had any food or drink for 8 to 10 hours (though you can usually drink water, but check with the hospital if you're unsure). You're then given a glucose drink.
After resting for 2 hours, another blood sample is taken to see how your body is dealing with the glucose.
The OGTT is done when you're between 24 and 28 weeks pregnant. If you've had gestational diabetes before, you'll be offered an OGTT earlier in your pregnancy, soon after your booking appointment, then another OGTT at 24 to 28 weeks if the first test is normal.
Find out more about an OGTT
Treatments for gestational diabetes
If you have gestational diabetes, the chances of having problems with your pregnancy can be reduced by controlling your blood sugar levels.
You'll be given a blood sugar testing kit so you can monitor the effects of treatment.
Blood sugar levels may be reduced by changing your diet and exercise routine. However, if these changes don't lower your blood sugar levels enough, you will need to take medicine as well. This may be tablets or insulin injections.
You'll also be more closely monitored during your pregnancy and birth to check for any potential problems.
If you have gestational diabetes, it's best to give birth before 41 weeks. Induction of labour or a caesarean section may be recommended if labour does not start naturally by this time.
Earlier delivery may be recommended if there are concerns about your or your baby's health or if your blood sugar levels have not been well controlled.
Find out more about how gestational diabetes is treated
Gestational diabetes normally goes away after birth. But women who've had it are more likely to develop:
- gestational diabetes again in future pregnancies
- type 2 diabetes – a lifelong type of diabetes
You should have a blood test to check for diabetes 6 to 13 weeks after giving birth, and once every year after that if the result is normal.
See your GP if you develop symptoms of high blood sugar, such as increased thirst, needing to pee more often than usual, and a dry mouth – do not wait until your next test.
You should have the tests even if you feel well, as many people with diabetes do not have any symptoms.
You'll also be advised about things you can do to reduce your risk of getting diabetes, such as maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly.
Some research has suggested that babies of mothers who had gestational diabetes may be more likely to develop diabetes or become obese later in life.
Planning future pregnancies
If you've had gestational diabetes before and you're planning to get pregnant, make sure you get checked for diabetes. Your GP can arrange this.
If you do have diabetes, you should be referred to a diabetes pre-conception clinic for support to ensure your condition is well controlled before you get pregnant.
Read more about diabetes in pregnancy.
If you have an unplanned pregnancy, talk to your GP and tell them you had gestational diabetes in your previous pregnancy.
If tests show you do not have diabetes, you'll be offered screening earlier in pregnancy (soon after your first midwife appointment) and another test at 24 to 28 weeks if the first test is normal.
Alternatively, your midwife or doctor may suggest you test your blood sugar levels yourself using a finger-pricking device in the same way as you did during your previous gestational diabetes.
Page last reviewed: 6 August 2019
Next review due: 6 August 2022


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{% extends "index.html" %} {% comment %} Represents a player and lists all of their wins and losses. If they win, the win class is set. If they lose, the loss class is set. {% endcomment %} {% block title %}{{ player.name }} - PsiPR{% endblock %} {% block content %} Back
| Winner | Loser | Tournament | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| {{ match.winner.name }} | {{ match.loser.name }} | {{ match.tournament.name }} | {{ match.tournament.date }} |


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| 029:055 Khan | : |
On the Day when the torment (Hell-fire) shall cover them from above them and from underneath their feet, and it will be said: "Taste what you used to do." |
| 029:055 Maulana | : |
The day when the chastisement will cover them for above them, and from beneath their feet! And he will say: Taste what you did. |
| 029:055 Pickthal | : |
On the day when the doom will overwhelm them from above them and from underneath their feet, and He will say: Taste what ye used to do! |
| 029:055 Rashad | : |
The day will come when the retribution overwhelms them, from above them and from beneath their feet; He will say, "Taste the consequences of your works." |
| 029:055 Sarwar | : |
They will be told on the Day of Judgment, when the torment will surround them from all sides, "Suffer the consequences of your deeds." |
| 029:055 Shakir | : |
On the day when the chastisement shall cover them from above them, and from beneath their feet; and He shall say: Taste what you did. |
| 029:055 Sherali | : |
On the day when the punishment will overwhelm them from above them and from underneath their feet, and HE will say, 'Taste ye the fruit of your actions.' |
| 029:055 Yusufali | : |
On the Day that the Punishment shall cover them from above them and from below them, and (a Voice) shall say: "Taste ye (the fruits) of your deeds!" |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الكافرون > تعنت الكفار واستعجالهم بالعذاب Pillars of Islam> Islamic> The Disbelievers> The Disbelievers' Stubbornness and their Acceleration to Torture أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الكافرون > صفات الكفار Pillars of Islam> Islamic> The Disbelievers> The Characteristics of the Disbelievers
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


Clicker#
Symple clicker writen on clear C#.
Compiled on DuoCode writed by yCatDev(ycat.developer@gmail.com).


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--- layout: post title: 'Ep 22: Fireside Chat About Developer Experience' date: 2018-02-21 13:26:16.000000000 -06:00 type: post parent_id: '0' published: true password: '' status: publish categories: - Podcast tags: - developers - podcast - techmill meta: _oembed_17eb3ec3e05c0576a598b3623f2a0a32: _oembed_time_17eb3ec3e05c0576a598b3623f2a0a32: '1514480339' _edit_last: '1' slide_template: default _at_widget: '1' _yoast_wpseo_title: 'Ep. 22: Developer Experience %%sep%% %%sitename%%' _yoast_wpseo_metadesc: Kyle and Dan catch up on their life and times plus much talk of future growth for our beloved TechMill, check out the latest episode. _yoast_wpseo_content_score: '30' fw:opt:ext:pb:page-builder:json: "[]" fw_options: a:7:{s:12:"page-builder";a:2:{s:4:"json";s:2:"[]";s:14:"builder_active";b:0;}s:9:"title_bar";s:7:"default";s:15:"footer_settings";s:7:"default";s:12:"header_style";a:2:{s:6:"option";s:0:"";s:11:"transparent";a:2:{s:16:"background_color";s:21:"rgba(255,255,255,0.3)";s:12:"border_color";s:0:"";}}s:12:"social_icons";s:0:"";s:12:"contact_info";s:0:"";s:12:"slider_above";a:2:{s:6:"option";s:2:"no";s:3:"yes";a:2:{s:5:"slide";s:1:"c";s:13:"scroll_effect";a:1:{s:6:"option";s:0:"";}}}} _yoast_wpseo_primary_category: '39' dsq_thread_id: '6495415153' _oembed_20b0d75fea511b3a18c190a6a071add1: _oembed_time_20b0d75fea511b3a18c190a6a071add1: '1519240637' _oembed_ad79829ecc071395017b9de59ab9591e: _oembed_time_ad79829ecc071395017b9de59ab9591e: '1519241031' _yoast_wpseo_post_image_cache: a:0:{} author: login: kyletaylored email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Kyle Taylor first_name: Kyle last_name: Taylor ---
Notes
Kyle gets a new job.
Dan has the same job.
Every bug eventually becomes a feature.
Dan logs into eBay for the first time in a while.
Kyle describes his thought process when buying things online.
An incomplete history of Angular with much hand-waving.
Lots and lots of TechMill news!
Important Dates:
February 24 - Denton Mini Maker Faire
March 3 - Open Data Day
March 8 - Meet & Mix @ Denton County Brewing Co.
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https://soundcloud.com/techmilldenton/techmill-podcast-feb-12-2018-developer-experience


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Good old-fashioned phone calls remain one of the best forms of communication despite the slew of new smartphone apps that have popped up over the past several years. With just a few lines of Python code plus a web application programming interface we can make and receive phone calls from any application.
Our example calls will say a snippet of text and put all incoming callers into a recorded conference call. You can modify the instructions using Twilio's TwiML verbs when you perform different actions in your own application's phone calls.
You should have either Python 2 or 3 installed to build this application. Throughout the post we will also use:
You can snag all the open source code for this tutorial in the python-twilio-example-apps GitHub repository under the no-framework/phone-calls directory. Use and copy the code for your own applications. Everything in that repository and in this blog post are open source under the MIT license.
Our application will use the Twilio
Python helper library
to create an HTTP POST request to Twilio's API. The Twilio helper library is
installable from PyPI into a virtual
environment. Open your terminal and use the virtualenv
command to create
a new virtualenv:
virtualenv phoneapp
Invoke the activate
script within the virtualenv bin/
directory to make
this virtualenv the active Python executable. Note that you will need to
perform this step in every terminal window that you want the virtualenv to
be active.
source phoneapp/bin/activate
The command prompt will change after activating the virtualenv
to something like (phoneapp) $
.
Next use the pip
command to install the
Twilio Python package
into the virtualenv.
pip install twilio
We will have the required dependency ready for project as soon as the installation script finishes. Now we can write and execute Python code to dial phone numbers.
Create a new file named phone_calls.py
and copy or type in the following
lines of code.
from twilio.rest import TwilioRestClient
# Twilio phone number goes here. Grab one at https://twilio.com/try-twilio
# and use the E.164 format, for example: "+12025551234"
TWILIO_PHONE_NUMBER = ""
# list of one or more phone numbers to dial, in "+19732644210" format
DIAL_NUMBERS = ["",]
# URL location of TwiML instructions for how to handle the phone call
TWIML_INSTRUCTIONS_URL = \
"http://static.fullstackpython.com/phone-calls-python.xml"
# replace the placeholder values with your Account SID and Auth Token
# found on the Twilio Console: https://www.twilio.com/console
client = TwilioRestClient("ACxxxxxxxxxx", "yyyyyyyyyy")
def dial_numbers(numbers_list):
"""Dials one or more phone numbers from a Twilio phone number."""
for number in numbers_list:
print("Dialing " + number)
# set the method to "GET" from default POST because Amazon S3 only
# serves GET requests on files. Typically POST would be used for apps
client.calls.create(to=number, from_=TWILIO_PHONE_NUMBER,
url=TWIML_INSTRUCTIONS_URL, method="GET")
if __name__ == "__main__":
dial_numbers(DIAL_NUMBERS)
There are a few lines that you need to modify in this application before it
will run. First, insert one or more phone numbers you wish to dial into the
DIAL_NUMBERS list. Each one should be a string, separated by a comma. For
example, DIAL_NUMBERS = ["+12025551234", "+14155559876", "+19735551234"]
.
Next, TWILIO_PHONE_NUMBER
and the Account SID and Authentication Token,
found on the client = TwilioRestClient("ACxxxxxxxxxx", "yyyyyyyyyy")
line, need to be set. We can get these values from the
Twilio Console.
In your web browser go to the Twilio website and sign up for a free account or sign into your existing Twilio account.
Copy the Account SID and Auth Token from the Twilio Console and paste them into your application's code:
The Twilio trial account allows you to dial and receive phone calls to your own validated phone number. To handle calls from any phone number then you need to upgrade your account (hit the upgrade button on the top navigation bar).
Once you are signed into your Twilio account, go to the manage phone numbers screen. On this screen you can buy one or more phone numbers or click on an existing phone number in your account to configure it.
After clicking on a number you will reach the phone number configuration
screen. Paste in the URL with TwiML instructions and change the dropdown from
"HTTP POST" to "HTTP GET". In this post we'll use
http://static.fullstackpython.com/phone-calls-python.xml
, but that URL
can be more than just a static XML file.
The power of Twilio really comes in when that URL is handled by your web application so it can dynamically respond with TwiML instructions based on the incoming caller number or other properties stored in your database.
Under the Voice webhook, paste in
http://static.fullstackpython.com/phone-calls-python.xml
and change the
drop-down to the right from "HTTP POST" to "HTTP GET". Click the "Save"
button at the bottom of the screen.
Now try calling your phone number. You should hear the snippet of text read by the Alice voice and then you will be placed into a conference call. If no one else calls the number then hold music should be playing.
We just handled inbound phone calls to our phone number. Now it's time to
dial outbound phone calls. Make sure your phone_calls.py
file is saved
and that your virtualenv is still activated and then execute the script:
python phone_calls.py
In a moment all the phone numbers you write in the DIAL_NUMBERS
list
should light up with calls. Anyone that answers will hear our message read
by the "Alice" voice and then they'll be placed together into a recorded
conference call, just like when someone dials into the number.
Here is my inbound phone call:
Not bad for just a few lines of Python code!
Now that we know how to make and receive phone calls from a Twilio number that follows programmatic instructions we can do a whole lot more in our applications. Next you can use out one of these tutorials to do more with the phone number:
Questions? Contact me via Twitter @fullstackpython or @mattmakai. I'm also on GitHub as mattmakai.
Something wrong with this post? Fork this page's source on GitHub.


--- layout: post title: Sol Plaatje Museum, Duggan-Cronin Gallery and Galeshewe Township date: 2016-02-27 04:12:12.000000000 -06:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: - South Africa Reading Tour tags: [] meta: tumblr_the-travels-of-we_permalink: http://the-travels-of-we.tumblr.com/post/140066354116/sol-plaatje-museum-duggan-cronin-gallery tumblr_the-travels-of-we_id: '140066354116' _thumbnail_id: '22331' _edit_last: '1' _vc_post_settings: a:2:{s:7:"vc_grid";a:0:{}s:10:"vc_grid_id";a:0:{}} textfalse: '' _layout: right _padding: 'false' _header_toolbar: 'true' _featured_image: 'true' _meta: 'true' _single_featured: '-1' _portfolio_meta_next_prev: '-1' _portfolio_related_project: '-1' _custom_bg: 'false' background_selector_orientation: full boxed_layout_shadow: 'false' body_color: '#fff' body_source: no-image body_cover: 'false' page_color: '#fff' page_source: no-image page_cover: 'false' header_color: '#fff' header_source: no-image header_cover: 'false' banner_color: '#fafafa' banner_source: no-image banner_cover: 'false' footer_color: '#191919' footer_source: no-image footer_cover: 'false' _page_title_intro: none _page_title_padding: '40' _page_title_fullHeight: 'false' _page_title_align: left _page_title_size: '18' _page_title_letter_spacing: '0' _breadcrumb_skin: dark _breadcrumb_custom_color: '#ffffff' _breadcrumb_custom_hover_color: '#000000' _mk_post_love: '0' _theme_options_build: '' _dynamic_styles: Tjs= author: login: wlftn email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: lauren first_name: Lauren last_name: '' ---
[gallery link="file" ids="22326,22327,22328,22329,22330,22331,22332,22335,22324,22325"]
Thurs, Feb 25 8:35am SA time / 12:35am IA time
Our tour guide for today is Kim Maruping – a fabulous young woman with a wheelhouse of talent: in addition to running her own tour company (Maruping Agency) she is a writer, playwright, historian and community leader.  As we drive, Kim speaks about her town with both eloquence and humor. “The weather in Kimberley is ridiculous” she jokes, “You know, you we can have four seasons in one day.”
We start at the Sol Plaatje Museum. South African writer Sol Plaatje– a journalist, linguist and translator – is renown in this town: he was a founder member and first General Secretary of the South African Native National Congress (SANNC), which eventually became the ANC. His legend is alive here, in the same way that Vonnegut is revered in Iowa City, Fitzgerald in New York, Dickinson in Amherst. People speak of him personally, with a sense of intimacy that seems familial, like extended family.
Leaving the museum, we pull up beside the Big Hole. “There are still diamonds in the Big Hole,” Kim tells us. “There are a lot of bodies inside the Big Hole as well” she waxes, solidifying once again the dual nature of the glittering yet tarnished history of this town.
Stoplights are called “robots” in South Africa, but I don’t know that yet, so when she urges us (on way to our next stop) to look back, and says “Back there were the first robots in Kimberley” I turn with such expectant anticipation that my head vibrates. “Where, where?!?” I say. Later, when someone mentions that they “have a real problem with robots here,” I don’t remember what that means right away, so instead I imagine silver metallic machines, with digital voices, walking slowly through the streets at dawn. No Lauren. Robots = Stoplights.
At the McGregor Museum, we are privy to an actual artifact, unwrapped from its protective storage – a hand axe made of banded ironstone that dates back to 800,000 years ago. It was found in a sinkhole at Kathu Pan and was produced by a process known as acheulian, and used in a masterful way by homo ergaster. An equally effective tool could have been made with less precision and beauty in undoubtedly less time, but someone wanted to make this tool a work of art as well. We are also shown a book, handed down from the archeologist’s grandfather, signed to the family by Sol Plaatje. These two objects seem in some strange and perfect relation to each other. The museum is quiet with our looking.
The McGregor Museum houses the Duggan-Cronin Gallery, and we head there next, to see the Thandabantu photography collection of Alfred Duggan-Cronin. Between 1919 and 1939, he recorded large aspects of traditional life of South African tribes on film and the respect he showed his subjects was reflected in the name he was given, Thandabantu, a Matabele word meaning one who loves people.
Next stop is the township, and on our way there, we pass the Hospice in Kimberley. Kim points it out and says “On your right is the Five-To.”  A ‘Five-To’ is what we call the Hospice. Because, well, you know, people go in there when they are five minutes to death.” There is a beat of silence and then the whole minibus erupts in laughter.
We enter Galeshewe Township, a neighborhood where the Mayibuye Uprising occurred in 1952. Kim leads us to the monument erected for the fallen of that conflict, and to the former office and house of Robert Sobukwe. Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe, a South African political activist, intellectual and professor, was banished, sickly, to house arrest in Galeshewe township after his imprisonment at Robben Island for political dissent. (“We thought he was Five-To,” says Kim with a smile. “But he was really just a Quarter-To.”) Even under house arrest, though, he was able to communicate with fellow anti-apartheid activists using sign language and signals during his closely surveilled meetings. He finished his law degree as well, and began his own law firm under house arrest.
We are viewing the monument and the destroyed office building when a group of boys from the township school start singing for our attention. “Take a picture, take a picture!” they say, and I start clicking. They move like models, posing and mugging for the camera, each instant making a new face. These kids live in the age of selfies and snapchat just like any other teenagers around the world. This township is a very impoverished part of Kimberley, and taking it all in is heartbreaking, but watching these boys do what all the teenagers do makes my mother-heart happy.


Stand-Up Comedy was created in college dorms, music rooms, hallways, basements, parties, cars, and empty streets by one man, Altona Meadows. From drums to vibraphones to wind chimes, all instruments were performed by him by looping recordings over and over again, generally after 3 AM. The songs are moving, wide, bright, and classy with a kid's coarse voice gliding over all soundscapes. The lyrics are scattered yet meaningful, and the music tells a story about love, peace, desperation, and happiness.
"I remember I was walking back to my dorm at 3 AM from a lame party. The roads were completely desolate, and there were clouds in the sky blocking the moon. I found myself on the usual pavement path to my dorm, when I noticed a group of girls walking the opposite way, all wearing the same typical outfit and completely silent, staring at their phones. I grabbed my journal and just scattered lyrics like 'and they keep staring.' Most of the songs were written through little moments like that, scattered over the course of five or six months. Eventually it all just came together; to tell you the truth, I forget even writing some of the songs. Guess I had too much on my mind at the time."
Altona Meadows proceeded to form his own record label, asking a few close friends to join him. After months of Google searches and wordy emails, he led a team to create a logo, design a social media presence, plan future events and release dates, design a website, and crafted a small business. Named after a secret room from his college, he plans on running the label for a long time.
Stand-Up Comedy is our first release, and should be listened to during midnight drives, stargazing sessions, and Tinder coffee dates. It is a breathtaking set of desolate music told by a teenager and a guitar.
Free Download and Streaming
"They say the eyes are the window to the soul. Although I agree with this statement, I feel that someone's music, words, and artwork also has the same capability. When it comes to music, I can never plan ahead what I want to write about or who I want to sing about. Instead I patiently sit around and wait for someone or something to come and ignite my soul with such an immense feeling I HAVE to run up, grab my uke, and start writing. I think of my songs as specific moments that I captured my soul and when I sing all those old feelings I felt, both good and bad, come back to me.
When it came to deciding which of my songs I wanted to put on the 'This is Sunshine EP' I concluded that I should pick the songs in which I felt I captured certain emotions the best. The first song of the EP, 'Endings' was the first song I've ever completed on ukulele. I wrote it in around 30 minutes, and to this day I still recognize it as one of my most well-written songs. The specific feeling I associate with this song is loneliness and abandonment, which I'm sure is a common emotion every single person in this world has felt. I want to portray loss, whether it was from looking back at old memories or trying to numb the feeling it brings to you.
For my second song 'Tomorrow' I embodied a much more optimistic feeling within my lyrics.  Strangely enough, I based this song on some great advice a not so great boy gave me once. He told me that even though you might feel as if you're stuck in the ocean and the waves keep getting larger, eventually they will subside and you will be able to move forward. I wrote this songs hours after this discussion I had with him, capturing the moment of clarity in which I still feel today whenever I preform this song for others.
'Espoir' meaning 'hope' in French, is the name of my last song on this track. This song was written about someone who has been very influential on me although they might not realize it. There was a time not to long ago where I was at my lowest place I've been in a long time. Mentally and physically life was a challenge and I often felt like given up and that no one in this world was genuine. I was very pessimistic towards others and towards life itself, until the kindness of this one person influenced me in a way not many others have. For once I felt accepted and unjudged, and I was shown that you can find beauty in places, and people, that you'd least expect it. Singing this song, I find myself hopeful, hence the name, and it makes me optimistic towards the possibilities to come. For that, I'd like to thank this person with all my heart for allowing me to experience this feeling once again.
Altogether, these three songs depict a cycle we all experience at some point in our lives. Sadness and loss, followed by the optimism that it will get better ultimately will lead you to your own specific moment of hope. I hope every can enjoy this three part story of my life and can take away the lessons I've learned throughout writing them."
-Sunshine
Free Download and Streaming


Thanks to Julie Anne Noying for the meme birthday card.
10,000s of microformats2 sites and now 10 microformats2 parsers
The past year saw a huge leap in the number of sites publishing microformats2, from 1000s to now 10s of thousands of sites, primarily by adoption in the IndieWebCamp community, and especially the excellent Known publishing system and continually improving WordPress plugins & themes.
New modern microformats2 parsers continue to be developed in various languages, and this past year, four new parsing libraries (in three different languages) were added, almost doubling our previous set of six (in five different languages) that brought our year 11 total to 10 microformats2 parsing libraries available in 8 different programming languages.
microformats2 parsing spec updates
The microformats2 parsing specification has made significant progress in the past year, all of it incremental iteration based on real world publishing and parsing experience, each improvement discussed openly, and tested with real world implementations. The microformats2 parsing spec is the core of what has enabled even simpler publishing and processing of microformats.
The specification has reached a level of stability and interoperability where fewer issues are being filed, and those that are being filed are in general more and more minor, although once in a while we find some more interesting opportunities for improvement.
We reached a milestone two weeks ago of resolving all outstanding microformats2 parsing issues thanks to Will Norris leading the charge with a developer spec hacking session at the recent IndieWeb Summit where he gathered parser implementers and myself (as editor) and walked us through issue by issue discussions and consensus resolutions. Some of those still require minor edits to the specification, which we expect to complete in the next few days.
One of the meta-lessons we learned in that process is that the wiki really is less suitable for collaborative issue filing and resolving, and as of today are switching to using a GitHub repo for filing any new microformats2 parsing issues.
more microformats2 parsers
The number of microformats2 parsers in different languages continues to grow, most of them with deployed live-input textareas so you can try them on the web without touching a line of parsing code or a command line! All of these are open source (repos linked from their sections), unless otherwise noted. These are the new ones:
The Java parsers are a particularly interesting development as one is part of the upgrade to Apache Any23 to support microformats2 (thanks to Lewis John McGibbney). Any23 is a library used for analysis of various web crawl samples to measure representative use of various forms of semantic markup.
The other Java parser is mf2j, an early-stage Java microformats2 parser, created by Kyle Mahan.
The Elixir, Haskell, and Java parsers add to our existing in-development parser libraries in Go and Ruby. The Go parser in particular has recently seen a resurgence in interest and improvement thanks to Will Norris.
These in-development parsers add to existing production parsers, that is, those being used live on websites to parse and consume microformats for various purposes:
- Javascript (cross-browser client-side, and Node)
- PHP
- Python
As with any open source projects, tests, feedback, and contributions are very much welcome! Try building the production parsers into your projects and sites and see how they work for you.
Still simpler, easier, and smaller after all these years
Usually technologies (especially standards) get increasingly complex and more difficult to use over time. With microformats we have been able to maintain (and in some cases improve) their simplicity and ease of use, and continue to this day to get testimonials saying as much, especially in comparison to other efforts:
On the broader problem of schema.org verbosity (no matter the syntax), Kevin Marks wrote a very thorough blog post early in the past year:
More testimonials:
This last testimonial really gets at the heart of one of the deliberate improvements we have made to iterating on microformats vocabularies in particular.
evolving h-entry
We have had an implementation-driven and implementation-tested practice for the microformats2 parsing specification for quite some time.
More and more we are adopting a similar approach to growing and evolving microformats vocabularies like h-entry.
We have learned to start vocabularies as minimal as possible, rather than start with everything you might want to do. That “start with everything you might want” is a common theory-first approach taken by a-priori vocabularies or entire “predefined ontologies” like schema.org’s 150+ objects at launch, very few of which (single digits?) Google or anyone bothers to do anything with, a classic example of premature overdesign, of YAGNI).
With h-entry in particular, we started with an implementation filtered subset of hAtom, and since then have started documenting new properties through a few deliberate phases (which helps communicate to implementers which are more experimental or more stable)
- Proposed Additions – when someone proposes a property, gets some sort of consensus among their community peers, and perhaps one more person to implementing it in the wild beyond themselves (e.g. as the IndieWebCamp community does), it’s worth capturing it as a proposed property to communicate that this work is happening between multiple people, and that feedback, experimentation, and iteration is desired.
- Draft Properties – when implementations begin to consume proposed properties and doing something explicit with them, then a postive reinforcement feedback loop has started and it makes sense to indicate that such a phase change has occured by moving those properties to “draft”. There is growing activity around those properties, and thus this should be considered a last call of sorts for any non-trivial changes, which get harder to make with each new implementation.
- Core Properties – these properties have gained so much publishing and consuming support that they are for all intents and purposes stable. Another phase change has occured: it would be much harder to change them (too many implementations to coordinate) than keep them the same, and thus their stability has been determined by real world market adoption.
The three levels here, proposed, draft, and core, are merely “working” names, that is, if you have a better idea what to call these three phases by all means propose it.
In h-entry in particular, it’s likely that some of the draft properties are now mature (implemented) enough to move them to core, and some of the proposed properties have gained enough support to move to draft. The key to making this happen is finding and citing documentation of such implementation and support. Anyone can speak up in the IRC channel etc. and point out such properties that they think are ready for advancement.
How we improve moving forward
We have made a lot of progress and have much better processes than we did even a year ago, however I think there’s still room for improvement in how we evolve both microformats technical specifications like the microformats2 parsing spec, and in how we create and improve vocabularies.
It’s pretty clear that to enable innovation we have to ways of encouraging constructive experimentation, and yet we also need a way of indicating what is stable vs in-progress. For both of those we have found that real world implementations provide both a good focusing mechanism and a good way to test experiments.
In the coming year I expect we will find even better ways to explain these methods, in the hopes that others can use them in their efforts, whether related to microformats or in completely different standards efforts. For now, let’s appreciate the progress we’ve made in the past year from publishing sites, to parsing implementations, from process improvements, to continuously improving living specifications. Here’s to year 12.
Originally published at: tantek.com/2016/173/b1/microformats-org-at-11.


Installation Caveats
This page provides information on the
following topics:
These caveats make you aware of
changes or potential problems that could significantly affect your
installation.
Different caveats will be
relevant for different types of users; scan the list for information
that is applicable for you.
This is not a complete list of all
known bugs, workarounds, or changes, which are documented in the release notes for each
individual product. In addition to reviewing this list, you may want to
check the "Caveat and Release Note Updates" for the current
release at Supportfolio Online for
any late-breaking information.
-
Updated version of Inst requires patch 5086
New installation features were used starting with IRIX 6.5.21 that
necessitate an updated version of the Inst program. If you plan to install using
the miniroot, then you may do so by the usual method. However, if you
plan to upgrade by 'live' install to IRIX 6.5.21 or later, you may have
to install a patch.
If you wish to do a live install and are running 6.5.19 or earlier, then
you must first install patch 5086. This patch can be found in the
buildtools
directory on CD1. Once the patch is installed, you must
exit and restart Inst before beginning your upgrade. The patch will be
removed automatically once the images have been installed.
Failure to use the patch can result in the following errors during
installation:
-
WARNING: Invalid filetype "X" ...
-
Warnings about corrupted images during initialization
-
Unexpectedly long lists of 'missing prerequisites' and 'incompatible
with' lines in the 'conflicts' list
Confirm that
the applications you rely on are supported.
(This is also
Step 3 of the Preparation Checklist.)
Note: An application supported on any release
in the IRIX 6.5 family will run on all subsequent IRIX 6.5 family
releases. Additionally, the application will be compatible with all
prior releases of the IRIX 6.5 family, as long as the application does
not utilize a new feature from a later 6.5.x release.
Here are some examples (not a
complete list) of applications that either need to be
upgraded or are not yet supported:
-
DFS Domestic
DFS Domestic version
1.2.2a<PHONE_NUMBER>) is incompatible with IRIX 6.5.17. DFS Domestic
version 1.2.2c is available and is compatible with IRIX 6.5.17. DFS
Domestic users must remove DFS Domestic version 1.2.2a before they
upgrade and install DFS Domestic version 1.2.2c after they upgrade.
-
Netscape Communicator or
Navigator
By default, version 4.79 will install the new N32 version of the
browser. Any existing third-party plugins for the browser that are O32
will no longer function. If you require existing O32 plugins, you can
install an O32 version of the browser from netscape.sw.o32_client and
netscape.o32_plugin.*.
An O32 version of the Macromedia Flash4 plugin
exists today with an N32/O32 version of the Macromedia Flash5 plugin
planned for the near future.
Real.com has released an N32
version of their plugin. Check the third-party web sites for updates on
the status of their plugins.
-
REACT/Pro
REACT/Pro>Version 3.2 is
incompatible with IRIX 6.5.2 or later releases. REACT/Pro users need to
upgrade to version 4.1 to run frame scheduler applications on IRIX
6.5.2 or later.
-
HIPPI
HIPPI Version 4.0
or later is needed to run on IRIX 6.5.9 or later.
To find out how to upgrade, see
http://www.sgi.com/software/hippi/.
-
iFOR/LS
Contact the Isogon
Corporation at http://www.isogon.com for the latest
release of LicensePower/iFOR (formerly known as iFOR/LS) that runs on
IRIX 6.5.
-
Inventor
Version
2.1.6 or later is needed to run on IRIX 6.5.15. The
Inventor overlay 2.1.6 is available from the /CDROM/dist directory of
IRIX 6.5.15 Overlays CD (3 of 4), February 2001. This overlay requires
that the base Inventor 2.1.4 image be installed already, or with the
overlay during the same install session. The Inventor overlay 2.1.6 can
be installed on IRIX 6.5.5 and later.
If you have Inventor 2.1.5 installed
through some other mechanism, you will get a conflict when you attempt
to install this release. If you get this conflict, you can resolve it
by using the following set of commands. You will need your Inventor
2.1.4 installation CDROM or a network distribution for it as part of
the process. From within your installation session, enter the following
commands:
open <Inventor 2.1.6+ from
/CDROM/dist/inventor_657+>
open <Inventor 2.1.4 from the base IRIX 6.5 CD>
install inventor_eoe
set neweroverride on
Ensure that you have not selected
any other downgrades before proceeding or an incorrect installation may
occur. You can check for other downgrades by using the following
command:
list i D
If any subsystems other than inventor_eoe
are listed, you must deselect them before you continue.
-
Intranet Junction
Version 1.0.2 or later is needed to
run on IRIX 6.5.x releases.
-
ClearCase
See the RATIONAL
Software site for information on purchasing a version
of ClearCase that runs on IRIX 6.5.
-
Sybase
Contact Sybase, Inc. for
information on purchasing a version of Sybase that runs on
IRIX 6.5.
Cumulative for 6.5 through
6.5.21, and still applicable for 6.5.22:
-
Installing GNU 1.1
The GNU 1.0 product is distributed on the base IRIX 6.5 CDs as a
courtesy to customers who wish to install these unsupported products.
This product is not installed by default; it must be explicitly
selected. The GNU 1.0 packages have become obsolete, and contain
several bugs and known security holes. Version 1.1 of the GNU product
is included with IRIX 6.5.19 and later distributions and removes all
content from the GNU package, instead installing symbolic links to the
corresponding package in the IRIX Freeware distribution.
If you installed any of the GNU 1.0 subsystems and have not installed
their freeware counterparts the Software Manager may report conflicts
during installation. From within your installation session you may
enter the following command to preserve the original GNU 1.0
distribution:
keep gnu
SGI recommends
that you either download and install the prerequisite freeware
packages from http://freeware.sgi.com/ and complete the upgrade or
remove the GNU package entirely by entering the following command:
remove gnu
-
Kodak CMM Color Management Removed in 6.5.15
Kodak CMM Color Management library
has been removed from the cms_eoe and cms_dev products
with IRIX 6.5.15. If you are upgrading from IRIX 6.5.14
or earlier and depend on color correction for scanning and
image rendering then you will want to save a copy of
/usr/lib/libcmm.so and /usr/lib32/libcmm.so
prior to the upgrade. After the upgrade you can copy the libraries
back to their original locations.
-
CXFS upgrades: filesystem definitions
The structure of the CXFS
filesystem configuration was changed with the release of IRIX 6.5.13f.
Backward compatibility with earlier versions is no longer maintained as
of IRIX 6.5.14f, since all nodes in the cluster must be running the
same or adjacent releases.
-
If you are upgrading from IRIX
6.5.13f to 6.5.14f or later, there is no further impact.
-
If you are upgrading from
6.5.12f or earlier, you
must perform a one-time manual conversion of your CXFS filesystem
definitions.
See
SGI InfiniteStorage CXFS Administration Guide
for more information.
-
CXFS upgrades: cluster nodes
For CXFS customers, if you
install IRIX 6.5.14f or later including sysadm_base on a cluster node where the
6.5.13f or earlier version of CXFS is installed,
you will need to upgrade to
the 6.5.14f or later version CXFS (sysadm_cxfs) and install 6.5.14f or
later sysadm_cluster.
-
Installation of
ftn_eoe.sw.lib from the MIPSpro 7.3 product downgrade conflict
Users who have installed
ftn_eoe.sw.lib from the MIPSpro 7.3 product before installing the IRIX
6.5.x images may see a downgrade conflict with distribution subsystem
ftn_eoe.sw.libeag when they install with the install
maint command if they also have the original 6.5
Foundation-1 CD open when they do the installation.
If this downgrade conflict
occurs, you must specify the keep
ftn_eoe.sw.libeag command. The conflict occurs
because ftn_eoe.sw.libeag was replaced by the 7.3 ftn_eoe.sw.lib, and
the install program logic with install maint
now automatically selects downgrades.
Customers who have the MIPSpro 7.3
compilers installed or who will install MIPSpro 7.3 on R4000 or R4400
platforms running IRIX 6.5.5 should install the new 7.3.1m runtime
libraries that are available from Supportfolio at
Supportfolio Online
Customers enrolled under a valid
support contract who do not have web access can obtain these libraries
on CD media free of charge upon request from their local support
organization
-
Configuration files
If you
have edited configuration files, check for changed versions at end of
installation.
Ideally, configuration file
differences should be merged prior to restarting the system at
the end of an installation. Before restarting the
system at the end of your installation, use the Inst command admin
config changed to find out which
system configuration files were modified since installation. You can
find out more about this command by entering help
config at the Inst prompt. To avoid
compatibility problems, merge configuration files if new versions were
created. The "Updating Configuration Files" section of the
versions(1M) man page describes configuration file updating, as does
the online IRIX Admin: Software Installation and
Licensing guide.
One example of a file that may
need to be merged is the /etc/group file.
If you have edited your /etc/group file,
see the Default group file now
reinstalled caveat under Caveats to Read After
Upgrading
-
XVM root filesystem
If you are running the 6.5.13f
release leg of the IRIX operating system and are installing or
upgrading to a mirrored XVM root filesystem from under the miniroot,
you will need to detach all mirror legs except for the one on the boot
device before running the install command. Failure to do so could
result in filesystem damage. The detached legs can then be re-attached
once the install is complete and the system is booted
-
CXFS and IRIX FailSafe
coexecution configuration
As of IRIX 6.5.12f, a cluster
can be configured with a maximum of 48 nodes. All the nodes in the
cluster are CXFS nodes. As many as 8 nodes can also run IRIS FailSafe
(coexecution).
CXFS 6.5.12f and later can install and
run CXFS with IRIS FailSafe 2.1 or later, with applicable licensing.
This is known as coexecution. However, CXFS cannot reside on the same
system with earlier versions of IRIS FailSafe. (If you first
install an
earlier version of IRIS FailSafe, you must deinstall it before you can
install CXFS, and vice versa).
For more information on how to
obtain a license, contact your SGI service provider.
-
The Fortran BLAS libraries
packaged under ftn_eoe.sw.libblas (ftn_eoe.sw64.libblas on IRIX64
systems) are marked for default installation
As a result of this packaging,
you may receive the following conflict during installation if you did
not already install these libraries:
Overlay product
ftn_eoe.sw.libblas<PHONE_NUMBER>) cannot be installed because of missing
prerequisites: base product ftn_eoe.sw.libblas<PHONE_NUMBER>):
1a. Do not install
ftn_eoe.sw.libblas<PHONE_NUMBER>)
1b. Also install base
product ftn_eoe.sw.libblas<PHONE_NUMBER>) from an additional distribution
-- insert another CD or specify another software distribution
You can resolve this conflict by
either not installing libblas or by installing the base product from
the IRIX 6.5 Foundation 1 CD.
-
System processor
compatibility with XVM
XVM installed with CXFS is
currently qualified on IP27 systems (Origin 200, Origin 2000, and
Onyx2), IP30 systems (Octane) and the SGI Origin 3000 server series.
-
Use the XVM give and steal
commands with extreme caution
XVM runs in either the local
domain or in the cluster domain, and XVM disks are classified according
to whether they are owned by the local domain, an active cluster
domain, or a foreign domain. The XVM give and steal commands let the
administrator change the ownership of a list of XVM disks. Here are
some guidelines to follow when using the give and steal commands:
-
If you are changing the
domain ownership of XVM disks, you should use the give command instead
of the steal command. The steal command is intended to be used only as
a last resort when the give command cannot be used.
-
In general, an XVM probe
command should be run after the give command. If the XVM disk was given
to a local host, the probe command is run on the new owner host. If the
XVM disk was given to a new cluster, the probe command is run on any
host that is a member of that cluster.
-
The give and steal commands
should never be used so that a multidisk volume configuration is split
between domains. The user must ensure that the list of disks that will
move from one domain to another is complete; that is, all volume
configurations are fully contained on this set of disks. The XVM show
command can be used to examine the top-down configuration for all
volumes in the system, including the full set of disks that contain
parts of these volumes.
-
The NUMA migration call
migr_range_migrate() was not reporting a migration failure
The NUMA migration call
migr_range_migrate() was not reporting a migration failure when the
migration target was either a nonexistent node or an uninitialized
policy module of an SGI Origin system. Beginning with the IRIX 6.5.9
release, this error condition is now reported back to the user
application as EINVAL. For more information, see the migration(5) man
page. This caveat will affect the MediaBase application and it will be
fixed in a subsequent release.
-
The fibre channel storage
area network (SAN) port names may change
There has been a change in the
way the final component of a fabric target's path will be generated.
Some paths that include a 16-digit port name in the final component may
have that port name shortened to a single digit port number. If you use
fibre channel switches to form SANs, this change will
affect you. This name change will require you to update the
configuration files that contain the paths to fibre channel fabric
devices, including the following files:
-
/etc/fstab
-
/etc/failover.conf
You are not impacted by
this change if the paths to your SAN targets are similar to the
following:
/dev/dsk/5006094670006f7d/lun0s7/c4p1
You may be impacted by
this change if the paths to your SAN targets are similar to the
following:
/dev/dsk/5006094670006f7d/lun0s7/c4p5006094670006f7d
The path name to the target
might be shortened as follows:
/dev/dsk/5006094670006f7d/lun0s7/c4p1
-
Miser unable to schedule jobs
during the transition from Daylight Savings Time to Standard Time
If the requested time of a
submitted Miser job is such that the job, when scheduled, will be
executed during the transition time period from Daylight Saving Time
back to Standard time, Miser will not schedule the job until after the
transition occurs.
-
Installing CXFS and XVM
products
If you install the CXFS and XVM
products, it is highly
recommended that you check the "Caveat and Release Note
Updates" for this release at
Supportfolio Online
for information on the latest CXFS and XVM patches, CXFS
and XVM feature
descriptions, and any late-breaking caveats.
-
The miser_qinfo command only
reports the first 250 scheduled jobs
This limitation is due to the
Miser buffer limit and will be fixed in a subsequent release.
-
The miser_qinfo command
rounds up the amount of reported available system memory
The amount of reported system
memory available may be inaccurate by 0.5 gigabytes (GB) when Miser is
configured with more than 1 gigabyte (GB) of memory.
-
Repacking stops scheduled
Miser jobs if daemon is restarted
If scheduled Miser jobs are in
a Miser queue that has a repack scheduling policy, after Miser has been
stopped and restarted, the repacking stops for the existing jobs.
-
Submitting a large number of
jobs to a Miser queue
If you submit a large number of
jobs to a Miser queue, it may result in some of these jobs being hung
and failing to terminate.
-
Xservers file changes
Starting with 6.5, the file /var/X11/xdm/Xservers
is no longer automatically replaced when
installing new versions of x_eoe.sw.eoe. Instead, the new version is
installed as Xservers.N . This allows most
users to preserve changes that they have made to their Xservers
file without having to merge them back in with each new software
upgrade.
Also, the Xsgi command line
argument shmnumclients is no longer supported,
and will prevent the X server from coming up if it's specified in the
Xserver file. If you added the shmnumclients flag to
the Xservers file, remove the shmnumclients flag
before upgrading to 6.5 or later.
-
"Filesystem too large
for device" error message
If you have repartitioned your
disk drive with fx but did not create a
filesystem with mkfs , you may see a
message like this (under certain rare conditions) when booting the
miniroot:
"Mounting file
systems:
mount: /dev/dsk/dks0d1s0 on
/root: Filesystem too large for device.
mount: giving up on: /root
Unable to mount partition:
/dev/dsk/dks0d1s0 on /root.
This is your system disk:
without it we have nothing on which to install software.
Please manually correct
your configuration and try again.
Press Enter to invoke C
Shell csh:"
This generally indicates that
you need to run /sbin/mkfs on the
named disk partition. Inside the miniroot, a convenience script (mrmkfsrc )
is provided to run mkfs .
For example, for the above
failure, you could press Enter and do the
following (only if the disk is free of important data, because this
procedure will remove all the data on the disk):
# mkfs /dev/dsk/dks0d1s0 (if this is the system disk)
# exit
(to exit csh and have
the miniroot script try to remount root.)
-
Upgrade the flash PROM after
installation on diskless systems (see under O2-specific
caveats and Octane-specific
caveats)
-
Obsolete software may cause
installation conflicts
Starting with the 6.5.3
release, the installation process detects some additional software
package versions that are obsolete and incompatible with the 6.5
release family. During installation, you may see conflict messages
caused by such software. When you see these conflict messages, simply
choose to remove the incompatible software or replace it with newer
versions (if available).
-
MediaMail now replaced by Netscape mail
MediaMail is no longer
available from SGI. The Netscape mail program, which is bundled with
Netscape Communicator, is the new default installed e-mail program for
all SGI systems. SGI recommends a transition to Netscape e-mail
(Netscape Messenger) and have included software with Netscape that
enables conversion of MediaMail mail to Netscape e-mail format.
When you transition from
MediaMail to Netscape mail:
-
Be sure to check your home
directory for a
.forward file.
If you have one that contains a line that mentions /usr/lib/Zmail/bin/reassembler ,
remove or rename the .forward file immediately
before or after the IRIX installation, in order
to prevent problems with mail delivery to your account. On multi-user
systems, each user should check for this file within their own home
directory.
-
To learn about getting
started with Netscape Mail, see About Netscape Messenger (you
can also access this page by choosing Find > WebTools from the
Toolchest, and double-clicking the AboutNetscapeMessenger
icon).
Note: If you still require MediaMail,
please contact NetManage, Inc. for product and sales information: http://www.netmanage.com.
(Note that NetManage's Z-Mail for UNIX product is the same as
MediaMail.) Please be aware that MediaMail is no longer officially
supported on IRIX.
-
Appletalk will not work on
diskless systems
Appletalk (Xinet Macintosh
Connectivity) won't work on a diskless system because appletalk
installs files into /usr/adm .
-
XFS filesystem is strongly
recommended
To install this version of IRIX
you should have an XFS filesystem. If you want to move a disk with a
6.5 (or later) filesystem to a pre-6.5 system, use the
-d unwritten=0 option when you run mkfs ,
or install the current XFS patches on the
pre-6.5 system.
-
During miniroot installation:
innocuous disk space error message
You may may ignore the
following message if you see it during a miniroot installation:
"/proc/pinfo/: no such
file or directory"
-
The ftn_eoe.sw.libblas and
ftn_eoe.sw64.libblas are no longer marked for default installation.
This caveat applies only to the
IRIX 6.5 through IRIX 6.5.9 releases; it is not applicable to the IRIX
6.5.10 and later releases. If you require these subsystems, you must
specifically select them during installation.
-
If you are upgrading from a
pre-6.5 release or to a clean disk, you must open the core 6.5 CDs
during the installation.
The instructions in the
Installation Instructions CD booklet will prompt you to do this at the
right time.
If you have an Indigo
R4000, Indigo2, Octane, O2, Origin 2000, Origin
3000, or Silicon Graphics Onyx4
UltimateVision,
please check the relevant caveats below before you
begin your installation.
| Indigo R4000 and Indigo2
R4000 Systems |
-
If the system
you are upgrading has a separate filesystem for
/ and /usr ,
then the / filesystem must
be at least 25MB in order to do the
upgrade.
Systems shipped with IRIX 4.0.x were shipped
with separate
/ filesystems of
approximately 16MB, which is too small for
this version of IRIX.
To check, use the
command "df -k /"
If the df -k / output
looks similar to
| Filesystem |
Type |
kbytes |
use |
avail |
%use |
Mounted
on |
| /dev/root |
efs |
15275 |
9492 |
5783 |
62% |
/ |
the disk will need to be
backed up, and repartitioned with the fx
command before IRIX can be installed.
To do this, refer to the
online book IRIX Admin: Software
Installation and Licensing, Troubleshooting
section, Using fx to Restore the Swap
Partition, for how to do this with the fx
command. However, before you begin this procedure, make sure you back
up important data! And, instead of the last step, label/create/boot ,
use the command /repartition/root ,
then press Enter in answer to the prompt:
"fx/repartition/rootdrive:
type of data partition = (xfs)"
Next, when you see
"Warning: you
will need to re-install all software and restore user data from backups
after changing the partition layout. Changing partitions will cause all
data on the drive to be lost. Be sure you have the drive backed up if
it contains any user data. Continue?"
press Enter.
The kbytes number
should be at least 25600 in order to install IRIX, and it is
recommended that it be at least 40MB, particularly on systems that
support running 64 bit address executables (systems where uname
-s returns IRIX64, on systems
running IRIX 6.2 and later).
|
Indigo2
Systems
|
- The EISA Token Ring
driver is not supported.
|
| Octane Systems |
-
Upgrade the flash
PROM after installation on diskless systems
On diskless
systems, the installation may fail if the flash PROM is too old. To
upgrade the flash PROM on an Octane, enter the following lines in a
shell:
su
/usr/sbin/flash
-P /usr/cpu/firmware
You can compare the
before and after results of /usr/sbin/flash
-V to confirm the revision change.
Reboot afterward.
|
|
O2
Systems |
-
Upgrade the flash
PROM after installation on diskless systems
On diskless
systems, the installation may fail if the flash PROM is too old. To
upgrade it on an O2, enter the following in a shell:
su
/sbin/flashinst
-T -y -q /usr/cpu/firmware/ip32prom.image
You can compare the
before and after results of /sbin/flashinst
-v to confirm the revision change.
Reboot afterward.
-
If you program
device drivers for the O2 PCI expansion slot, you must use the
routines (pciio_pio_*()) described in Chapter 22 of the 6.5
Device Driver Programmers Guide, under
the section"PCI Drivers for the IP32 (O2) Platform," to
perform PIO (Program IO) accesses. You
must use the pciio_pio_* routines for all PIO access to the device,
including the PCI config space. These
routines were made available in 6.3 via patch 2801 (if your PCI device
driver is already using these routines then there is nothing more you
need to do).
|
|
Origin
2000 Systems |
-
Special upgrade
instructions for SGI Origin 2000 systems with 65+ processors
There are special
upgrade instructions for SGI Origin 2000 systems that have 65 or more
processors titled Upgrading an IRIX
Operating System on a /target_root. To
receive a copy of these instructions, please send a request to your
local Customer Support Center. For more information, see
http://www.sgi.com/support/supportcenters.html
-
System now
reboots on panic without stopping at the PROM menu
Rebooting on panic
without stopping at the PROM menu is the new default behavior. You can
stop the system during reboot by pressing the Esc
key at the "Starting Up The
System " message.
If the system panics
during the reboot, the system will go into a panic/reboot loop. If this
should happen, press the Esc key to break the loop.
If you do not want
the system to reboot on panic, you can override the default
reboot_on_panic variable with the PROM variable rebound. To do this,
enter the following at the PROM prompt, accessed via option 5 at the
PROM menu:
setenv
rebound n
-
To get the MMSC
version number, check the bottom line of the LCS control panel.
MMSC version
numbers for this version of IRIX operating system should be 1.2.E (or
higher). SGI recommends that you upgrade to version 1.2.E if your
version is lower.
A second way to get
the version of all the MMSCs is to connect to the alternate console
port on one MMSC and enter the following:
^T track * ver
-
Potential FLEXlm
licensing problems
The Flexible
License Manager (FLEXlm) controls the use of certain software products
that are asynchronous to the IRIX operating system.
A FLEXlm key is
generated for each asynchronous software product, based on a unique
system identifier. Because the Origin 2000 system does not have a
unique system identifier, the FLEXlm host ID (lmhostid) of the first
system module is used to create a FLEXlm key.
If an Origin 2000
system is reconfigured, a different module with a different FLEXlm host
ID could be located in the first position, causing a previously valid
FLEXlm key to fail.
If a license key
problem arises after a system has been reconfigured, a new license must
be generated. Contact the vendor of the software product in question
and give them the host ID number (the FLEXlm host ID of the first
module) of the reconfigured system to generate a new key.
|
SGI Origin 3000 server
series |
-
Partitioned
Origin 3000 system change
If your Origin 3000
system is currently partitioned, or if you want to enable system
partitioning, you must now install the eoe.sw.partition software
package. Editing the /var/sysgen/system/irix.sm file is no longer
necessary when enabling system partitioning and should not be done.
-
Partitioned
FLEXlm licensing change
Starting with the IRIX
6.5.15 release, each partition of a partitioned Origin 3000 system will have a
new unique FLEXlm host ID (lmhostid). Any FLEXlm license based on the
old non-partitioned lmhostid value will no longer work and a new
license key must be generated. See the following web page for
additional details, http://www.sgi.com/support/licensing/partitionlic.html.
-
Contact the
applicable software product vendor and provide the lmhostid number of
the partition to generate a new license key.
-
For nodelock
licenses, provide the lmhostid for all partitions of the software
installed and operating.
-
For software
licensed by SGI, see the following web page for more details, http://www.sgi.com/support/licensing/partitionlic.html.
-
For email and
telephone contact information, see the IRIX 6.5.22 Welcome page and
follow the "Bundled software and licenses" link.
|
|
Silicon Graphics Onyx4 UltimateVision
|
|
If you upgrade to the Silicon Graphics Onyx4 Ultimatevision from
an earlier SGI platform,
you may encounter the following software differences:
-
Onyx4 will introduce software differences that may require porting
existing IRIX software:
-
IrisGL is being retired and will not be available.
-
Xfree86 has been selected as the X Windows server for this platform.
-
The following X server extensions will not be available on the Onyx4:
-
Adobe DPS
-
ESA
-
Multibuffering
-
SGI-Multibuffering
-
SGIFullScreenStereo
-
The following executables are unavailable on the Onyx4
in IRIX 6.5.22:
-
/usr/sbin/showcase
From: showcase (IRIX Showcase 3.4.3a)
-
/usr/sbin/iconsmith
From: desktop_tools (Desktop Tools)
-
/usr/sbin/cosmocreate
From: cosmocreate (CosmoCreate Authoring Environment 1.0.3)
-
shared objects under /usr/lib/ImageVision/
From: il_eoe (ImageVision Library Execution Only Environment, 3.2.1)
-
/usr/sbin/imgworks
/usr/sbin/interp
From: imgtools (ImageVision Tools, 3.2.2)
-
/etc/config/debugxserver
/usr/bin/X11/Xsgi
/usr/bin/X11/Xsgi_d
From: x_eoe (X11 Execution Environment, based on X11R6.6)
-
/usr/lib/X11/system.backgrounds
From: desktop_eoe (IRIX Interactive Desktop)
Note: A few desktop background designs do not appear on
the Onyx4.
Most desktop backgrounds do appear on the Onyx4.
-
/usr/sbin/cedit
/usr/sbin/dialwarp
/usr/sbin/loadmap
/usr/sbin/makemap
/usr/sbin/savemap
/usr/sbin/showmap
From: eoe.sw.gltools (Graphics Library Tools)
-
/usr/sbin/cycol
/usr/sbin/palette
From: eoe.sw.imagetools (Graphics Library Image Tools)
-
/usr/sbin/sysmeter
From: eoe.sw.perf (Performance Measurement Utilities)
-
/usr/sbin/confidence
From: confidence (Confidence Tests)
-
/usr/sbin/sitemgr
From: sitemgr (Sitemgr)
-
The Onyx4 does not support
additional input devices beyond a keyboard and a mouse.
-
The following features and applications function with the limitations listed:
-
SGI Motif: SgColorChooser sliders on the remote display do not
work correctly
-
Screensaver panel: monitor power save option is unavailable
-
SGImeeting: some features (such as application sharing) do not work
-
Locale support:
ISO8859-15 locales do not work properly (CID-keyed bitmap fonts
are not displaying correctly). The backgrounds CPU Eater, SGI
Logo and Twilight are not supported on non-English locales.
-
When running the Onyx4 on IRIX 6.5.22, you may
see the following message:
WARNING: /hw/module/001c01/node/cpubus/0/a: UCE interrupt on PIO access
NOTICE: /hw/module/001c01/node/cpubus/0/a: User Data Bus error in IO space at physical
address 0xb2003ba (EPC 0x1006c098)
This warning may be safely ignored.
|
These caveats make you aware of
changes or potential problems that could significantly affect your
experience after your upgrade.
Different caveats will be
relevant for different types of users; scan the list for information
that is applicable for you.
This is not a complete list of all
known bugs, workarounds, or changes, which are documented in the release notes for each
individual product. In addition to reviewing this list, you may want to
check "Caveat and Release Note Updates" at
Supportfolio Online
for any late-breaking information.
Cumulative for 6.5 through
6.5.21, and still applicable for 6.5.22:
-
Misconfigured CXFS cluster can yield repeated ioconfig and xvm probe commands
A misconfigured CXFS cluster can result in clconfd issuing repeated
ioconfig and xvm probe commands.
This may not be noticeable on multiprocessor
machines, but a single processor machine may become unusable. If a CXFS
filesystem is configured to be mounted on a CXFS node which does not
have a physical connection to the underlying volume, clconfd detects
the ability to access the volume and issues an ioconfig command followed by an
xvm probe of all the disks in
an attempt to rectify the problem. The frequency at which this process
occurs is not correctly controlled, which results in high system resource usage.
This issue is being
tracked by SGI and will be resolved in a future release;
support contract customers can contact their local support
organization for more information on the status of this issue.
CXFS clusters which correctly configured filesystems will not encounter
this issue.
-
Cloning system disks with OpenSSH files
If the OpenSSH server software (openssh.sw.server) is
installed on a system disk that you are copying for use on
another system, you should ensure that the system
keys are not duplicated. The openssh keys should
be unique for each system.
If the following files exist on your system disk, you
should remove them from the copy of the disk when you copy
the disk to another system:
/etc/openssh/ssh_random_seed
/etc/openssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
/etc/openssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
/etc/openssh/ssh_host_key
/etc/openssh/ssh_host_key.pub
/etc/openssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
/etc/openssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
/etc/openssh/sshd.pid
-
OpenSSH server and Privilege Separation
The OpenSSH server software runs in Privilege Separation mode by
default. To start the sshd daemon, first you will need to create
an unprivileged user and group named sshd or you will need to
change the sshd_config file to disable Privilege Separation.
-
DFS warning message
On systems that have DFS installed, an ld warning
will occur when a new kernel
image is configured. This will occur after installation of IRIX 6.5.19 and
when kernel components are removed or installed. It may also occur after
permanent systune parameter changes have been made. This warning is harmless
and may be safely ignored. An example of the warning follows.
ld: WARNING 15 : Multiply defined:(strrchr) in sgi.a(libc_src.o) and
krpch.a(subr_krpc.o) (2nd definition ignored).
-
Do not Use XVM give and steal commands with XVM snapshot volumes
Use of the XVM give and steal commands with XVM snapshot volumes
can cause loss of data and should not be used.
-
Reboot system to ensure correct vswap value for sadc/sar
For IRIX 6.5.17, a fix was implemented to ensure that
sadc/sar will give a correct vswap value. To enable
the fix, reboot the system to the new kernel. If you
do not reboot the system, sadc/sar will continue to
work, but vswap numbers may be inaccurate.
If the accuracy of the sadc/sar number is important,
we recommend that you reboot as soon as possible
after upgrading.
-
CXFS message
In IRIX 6.5.15f, machines running CXFS may send a number
of messages to the console similar to the following
message:
NOTICE: cms_action_config: cell 0: reset remoteshutdown
This message is displayed as part of normal operations
and should be ignored.
-
Supported usage of group quotas
Group quotas, new for the 6.5.15 release, are supported
in the feature stream only. If you implement group quotas
on a disk and, subsequently, mount that disk with the pquota
mount option on a machine running the maintenance stream or
an earlier release of the feature stream on which group
quotas are not supported, the quota
accounting could be corrupted.
-
SGI Origin 3000 Series of
Servers
If you are an Origin 3000
customer (IP35 systems), you should install Patch 4332 on an IRIX
6.5.13m system or Patch 4333 on an IRIX 6.5.13f system to avoid an
intermittent reset problem with I/O bricks and the BASEIO PROM
partitioning commands.
-
Netscape FastTrack Personal
Web Server replaced by the SGI Web Server based on Apache
The new default web server on
the IRIX 6.5.12 Applications CD is the SGI web server based on the
Apache web server, version 1.3.17.
Functionally, the SGI web server
replaces the Netscape FastTrack web server. If you still have Netscape
FastTrack enabled through the chkconfig command, the new SGI web server
will not start up. To enable the new SGI web server, you must enter the
following commands before you reboot your system:
# chkconfig nss_fasttrack
off
# chkconfig sgi_apache on
If you changed the default
Netscape FastTrack configuration, you must manually move those changes
into the new SGI web server. For more information, see the SGI release
notes about the SGI web server and the Apache web site (httpd://httpd.apache.org/docs/).
If you use the Web Setup
product, you must turn off the Netscape FastTrack version to run the
SGI version, by entering the following commands before you reboot your
system:
# chkconfig webface off
# chkconfig webface_apache
on
The SGI web server includes
software that was developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org).
The Websetup 3.3 release
contains a GUI administrator tool for Apache based on the Apache module
contained in the Webmin 0.85 release. The Webmin framework has been
configured to only run the Apache module and is accessed via Websetup
by clicking on Administration and then Webservers. The Apache
administrator tool can also be accessed directly by accessing the
following URL: http://localhost:8184/
The only caveat to doing this is
that you must have an administrator account for Websetup created prior
to visiting the Apache administrator tool since it will prompt you for
a username and password.
For information about the Apache
module for Webmin, click on the following URL:
http://www.swelltech.com/support/webminguide/server-apache.html
For general information about
Webmin, click on the following URL:
http://www.webmin.com/webmin/
For information on how to
configure and administer the Apache web server from the command line,
click on the following URL:
httpd://httpd.apache.org/docs/
For a list of frequently asked
questions about Apache, click on the following URL:
http://www.apache.org/foundation/FAQ.html
-
Downgrading using a live
(non-miniroot) installation
If you are downgrading
from feature stream 6.5.x to 6.5 using a
live (non-miniroot) installation, inst/swmgr
will prompt you to continue installing from the miniroot. The prompt
is as follows:
This software must be
installed from the miniroot. The system is about
to be shut down and
automatically booted to the miniroot where the
installation will continue
automatically. Okay to proceed?
It is not necessary to perform
this type of installation from the miniroot. To avoid this prompt, the
user should set the "live_install "
preference to "on " before typing
go/pressing start.
If you want to downgrade to an
earlier 6.5.x version of the feature stream, use
the following set of commands:
set newoverride on
k *
install standard
install downgrades
install prereqs
keep incompleteoverlays
-
Default group file
now reinstalled
With release 6.5.3, the default
group file, /etc/group , is reinstalled.
The original group file is saved as group.O, which appears only if you
have previously edited /etc/group . This
update is necessary because some optional packages, such as
nss_fasttrack, require the group "nobody"
to be present during the installation process.
After installation, users
who have defined new groups will have to merge the old group file into
the new group file. When merging, please be sure to preserve
the entry for "nobody ."
The Inst command admin
config change and the post-installation command versions
changed will both report any changed configuration
files, including the /etc/group file. As
mentioned in the Caveats to Read
Before You Upgrade, this should ideally be done
before at the end of the installation process, but before you restart
the system.
-
New file for setting NIS
server
It is no longer possible to set
the NIS server in the /etc/config/ypbind.options
file. If your system is configured this way, create the file
/var/yp/binding/<
DOMAIN>/ypservers
where < DOMAIN> is
the NIS domain name. Type the NIS server on a new line in this file.
There were several other
NIS-related changes in 6.5
that affect customers who upgrade
from a pre-6.5 release of the IRIX operating system. For example, the
IRIX name services have been completely rewritten. Please refer to the
IRIX eoe release notes
(chapter 3, Changes and Additions) for details.
-
Remote host display now off
by default
In the interest of security,
the ability to display applications that are running on other systems
is now disabled by default. There are a few different ways you can
re-enable the remote host display. For details, see "About the
Remote Display Feature" in Chapter 13 of the online Desktop
User's Guide.
-
Printer may not be recognized
if turned on after system
Even after a printer is
configured, it may not function if you turn it on after turning on your
system. This is because the printer device is not present in the
hardware graph. To work around this problem, perform the following
commands in a shell:
% su
# cd /dev
# ./MAKEDEV
# ioconfig -f /hw
# exit
-
Full hostname now used by
default
For customers installing IRIX
on new systems, or reconfiguring existing systems after IRIX is
installed or upgraded: the graphical system administration tools now
use the fully qualified hostname by default. This affects scripts that
assume that only the partial hostname is used. Scripts may need to be
modified to use hostname -s rather than hostname. If you wish, you can
override this default and use only the partial hostname.
-
Gang-scheduled graphics
processes can cause graphics to hang
Graphics programs using the
schedctl(2) system call to choose gang scheduling mode (SGS_GANG) may
cause the graphics to hang. (Gang-scheduled processes that do not use
graphics are not affected by this problem.)
Origin/Onyx System Caveats
The following caveat is for
all large (64+ processers) Origin/Onyx systems.
-
Process Activity Reporter
(par) sometimes hangs
Par hangs when the
system-monitoring daemon, rtmond ,
produces a data stream that overloads the clients. As a result,
clients that feed par, like padc, will discard events. If the process
exited event is discarded by these clients, par
hangs. When this happens, you see messages like the following in /var/adm/SYSLOG :
"rtmond[669]: (CPU 0)
Client <local>:11:64505 events 1718 dropped (2%) 289 writes(0%
push)for 4720560 bytes, 5 push buffers for 80 KB"
As shown in this example, you
can tell that par has hung because the message tells you that the
dropped count is other than 0.
|


--- layout: post authors: ["Greg Wilson"] title: "Correlations" date: 2016-02-08 time: "01:00:00" tags: ["Research", "Teaching"] ---
We've run instructor training both online and in person for several years, so it's time to look at how they compare. The raw data shows:
The plot below then shows completion rates and follow-through teaching rates (as percentages) versus cohort size, tagged by whether the training event was online or in person, for all events that took place at least one year ago. (I've used that cutoff to give participants a fair chance to teach after completing their training.) It also shows the absolute number of participants and the follow-through teaching percentage by date.
There are lots of other ways to analyze this data---if you can find any interesting correlations, please post as comments below.
Greg Wilson wrote two blog posts about active SWC workshops and instructor training. He made some pretty graphs and asked for other plots. So, here is my attempt to make some pretty correlation plots using the instructor training data.
Just because we train a lot of new instructors doesn't mean that they all go on to teach a workshop. The number of learners is not a great predictor of how many will actually go on to teach a workshop (R^2 = 0.7021), but once they get their badge, they are very likely to teach (R^2 = 0.915)
We just started the new year, so many newly badged instructors haven't had the chance to teach a workshop. When we account for year, there is a very strong correlation between number of badged instructors and those who have taught a course. It looks like over time, more and more are teaching.
For 2014 and 2015, it looks like a few more badged instructors from the in-person training have gone on to teach a workshop compared to those who completed online training. Given that the attrition rate for online workshops appears to be greater (not shown), one could conclude that the in-person training is more effective at producing SWC instructors.
Check out my R script to see the linear model that I ran to get the R^2 and the commands used to make the plots.


WITNESS LIST Administration Committee May 11, 2001 - 6:00P HB 399 ON: Bass, Kelvin Mr. (Senator West), Dallas, TX


fun loading(): MailPackage<Boolean>
Returns MailPackage instance with LOADING status and Boolean false as a mail content.


{% extends "coursesearch/base.html" %} {% block "title" %}Search for Courses{% endblock %} {% block "ogtitle" %}Search for Courses{% endblock %} {% block "page_title" %}Search for Courses{% endblock %} {% block "ogdesc" %}Search the Claremont Colleges undergraduate schedule by department, meeting times, instructors, and keywords.{% endblock %} {% block "metadesc" %}Search the Claremont Colleges undergraduate schedule by department, meeting times, instructors, and keywords.{% endblock %} {% block "coursesearch_breadcrumbs" %}


Detailed Description
RequestMatcher compares a pre-defined set of checks against a Request instance.
- Author:
- Fabien Potencier<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Member Function Documentation
| matchAttribute |
( |
$ |
key, |
|
|
$ |
regexp |
|
) |
| |
Adds a check for request attribute.
- Parameters:
-
| string | $key | The request attribute name |
| string | $regexp | A Regexp |
{Decides whether the rule(s) implemented by the strategy matches the supplied request.
- Parameters:
-
| Request | $request | The request to check for a match |
- Returns:
- Boolean true if the request matches, false otherwise
}
Implements RequestMatcherInterface.
Adds a check for the URL host name.
- Parameters:
-
Adds a check for the client IP.
- Parameters:
-
| string | $ip | A specific IP address or a range specified using IP/netmask like <IP_ADDRESS>/24 |
Adds a check for the HTTP method.
- Parameters:
-
| string|array | An HTTP method or an array of HTTP methods |
Adds a check for the URL path info.
- Parameters:
-
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- vendor/symfony/lib/Symfony/Component/HttpFoundation/RequestMatcher.php


I love a challenge and learning new things. I'm passionate about programming and look forward to starting a career in software development. This Portfolio is a place for me to showcase my progress as I develop my skills further.
If you'd like to contact me, please email jeannette@tastapod.com


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---
title: Coding process 2
---
Link to the website
After doing user testing, I found that people felt confused about if the photos and text on the products page are clickable. This is because on the index page, there are 'learn more' buttons after each paragraph. Hence, I added a 'learn more' button below each product.
Instead of using hamburger menu, I used text to show the menu button, as the elderly don't know what hamburger menu is.
I found that the users like to click the photos on the product details page, so I added a zooming effect on these photos.
I also found that the users like to click the text on the opening screen/gif, so I added a button after the tagline to attract people to go to the product page.
Although I tried to compress the Chinese font file in font squirrel, the file size is still too big, as there are 6000 commonly used characters in Chinese, so I used this software to take out the characters I am going to use to decrease the file size.
After I showed the gif file to my uncle, he wanted to add one more scene, so I remade the gif, but the file size became very big. Even though I tried to compress the file to 20% of the original one, it still has 4.68MB. When I used my phone to open to website, it takes time to load the gif file.


"Bee-do! Bee-do!" - Carl mimicking fire truck siren.
"Ka ga" - A Minion when excited to join a beach party.
"Bottom" - Tom and Stuart making fun of Silas Ramsbottom's name.
Minions are yellow and wear black gloves, small black boots, metal goggles accommodating their number of eyes, and blue jean overall with Gru's emblem on the fronts.
If you have time, you should read more about these incredible creatures on this Wiki.


These are the mailing lists that have been established for this project.
| List Name | Subscribe | Unsubscribe | Archives | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| XSite Users | Subscribe | Unsubscribe | Archives | General discussion and support for anyone using XSite. |
| XSite Developers | Subscribe | Unsubscribe | Archives | General discussion and support for anyone who wants to get involved in the development of XSite. |
| XSite SCM | Subscribe | Unsubscribe | Archives | Notifications of any changes to the source code. |


Tribe gives us a neat way of expressing alternate flows.
Our flow now encapsulates the entire navigation flow for the application proces, started in the host pane.
The new startBusiness and startPersonal messages, published from the welcome pane, trigger alternate child flows within our main flow. By default, these child flows will be ended whenever messages are handled in the main flow.
We could also have modelled our main navigation flow this way and kept our child flows separate by using the start flow helper:
That's it for now! For more information, check out the Saga and Flow reference pages.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Error, argh, 500, etc - {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Something is broken, could you tell Joshua on Twitter