@*
* Copyright 2021 HM Revenue & Customs
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*@
@import play.api.Configuration
@import uk.gov.hmrc.play.views.html.layouts.Footer
@this(configuration: Configuration)
@(footer: Footer, withTimeoutDialog: Boolean)
@if(withTimeoutDialog) {
@* include assets frontend js for now for the timeout. We will upgrade to HMRC frontend timeout in due course (promise) *@
@footer(analyticsToken = None, analyticsHost = "auto", ssoUrl = None, scriptElem = None, gaCalls = None)
}
@includes.javascripts()


OverScroll
new OverScroll(props)
a scroll based slideshow with wings
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
props |
Object |
Properties
|
Members
anchors
anchors
allow to use deeplinks and clickable pagers to navigate to speciffic pages inside the slider. Paging is done by simply jumpimg to the correct id.
frameStyle
frameStyle
the frame is used to define the scrollable height.
It works as a position: sticky
wrapper
overlayStyle
overlayStyle
a polyfilled position: sticky
helper.
uses the prefixed position: sticky
style and offers a fallback with
position: fixed
. The fallback requires to manually snap the box to the top and bottom
Methods
updateScroll
updateScroll(scrollY)
checks for the current position and translates the scroll to index and percent
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
scrollY |
Number | window.scrollY |


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Package Hierarchies:
com.rssaggregator.desktop
,
com.rssaggregator.desktop.event
,
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model
,
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network
,
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event
,
com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils
,
com.rssaggregator.desktop.view
Class Hierarchy
java.lang.Object
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
AccessToken
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
AddCategoryWrapper
com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.
AddFeedController
com.rssaggregator.desktop.
AddFeedScene
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
AddFeedWrapper
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
ApiError
javafx.application.Application
com.rssaggregator.desktop.
MainApp
com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.
ArticleDetailsController
com.rssaggregator.desktop.
ArticleDetailsScene
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
BaseEvent
<T>
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
CategoryAddedEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
FeedAddedEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
FeedDeletedEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
FetchAllItemsEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
FetchCategoriesEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
FetchItemsByCategoryEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
FetchItemsByChannelEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
FetchStarredItemsEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
ItemsByChannelUpdatedEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
ItemUpdatedEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
LogInEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
SignUpEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils.
CategoriesUtils
com.rssaggregator.desktop.
CategoriesUtilsTest
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
CategoriesWrapper
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
Category
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
CategoryAddedWrapper
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
Channel
com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.
ConnectionController
com.rssaggregator.desktop.
ConnectionScene
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
Credentials
com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils.
DateDeserializer
(implements com.google.gson.JsonDeserializer<T>)
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
FeedAddedWrapper
com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils.
FormatterTime
com.rssaggregator.desktop.
FormatterTimeTest
com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils.
Globals
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
Item
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
ItemReadStateWrapper
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
ItemStateWrapper
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
ItemsWrapper
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.event.
LogOutEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.
MainViewController
com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.
MainViewRootController
com.rssaggregator.desktop.
MainViewScene
javafx.scene.Node (implements javafx.event.EventTarget, javafx.css.Styleable)
javafx.scene.Parent
javafx.scene.layout.Region
javafx.scene.control.Control (implements javafx.scene.control.Skinnable)
javafx.scene.control.Labeled
javafx.scene.control.Cell<T>
javafx.scene.control.IndexedCell<T>
javafx.scene.control.ListCell<T>
com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.
ArticleExtendedListViewCell
com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.
ArticleListViewCell
com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils.
PreferencesUtils
com.rssaggregator.desktop.event.
RefreshCategoriesEvent
com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.
RowCategoryController
com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.
RowChannelController
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.
RssApiImpl
(implements com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.
RssApi
)
com.rssaggregator.desktop.view.
SignUpController
com.rssaggregator.desktop.
SignUpScene
com.rssaggregator.desktop.
SplashScreenScene
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
StarItemsWrapper
com.rssaggregator.desktop.model.
StateCountWrapper
com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils.
TokenRequestInterceptor
(implements okhttp3.Interceptor)
com.rssaggregator.desktop.utils.
UiUtils
Interface Hierarchy
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.
RestService
com.rssaggregator.desktop.network.
RssApi
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WITNESS LIST Education Committee February 12, 1997-9:30A SB 150 On: David McClintock (Univ. of Texas System), Dripping Spring Don Brown (Tx Higher Ed Coor Brd), Austin Registering, but not testifying: On: J. Charles Lee (Tx A&M Univ System), College Station Lynn Redwine (Comptrollers Office), Austin SB 246 For: Dianne Hensley (Concerned Women fr Amer), Alvin Jeff Fisher (Tx Christian Coalition), Fort Worth MerryLynn Gerstrenschla (Texas Legal Foundation), Weatherford On: Christi Martin (TEA), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Holly Taebel (Tx Classrm Teachers Asn), Austin SB 247 For: Judge Patricia Ott (self), Round Rock Registering, but not testifying: For: Mike McLamore (ATPE), Austin Rebecca James (self), Round Rock On: Christi Martin (TEA), Austin SB 280 For: Holly Taebel (Tx Classrm Teachers Asn), Austin Registering, but not testifying: For: Jack Kelly (TSTA), Austin Mike McLamore (ATPE), Austin On: Stephanie A. Korcheck (St Brd fr Educ Cert), Austin


A compact and powerful text analysis tool for students
Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, and {{link | safe}}
If the process of mitosis, leaves you in a daze...
See notes from before!


Midterm
Midterm Exam
19 June 2017
Exam Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes
Part 1 – Multiple-choice questions (10 points)
Question 1
The following code is used for reading a local file from the current directory. Find the mistake.
import json
with open("some_file.json","r") as f:
my_file = json.dumps(f)
- some_file.json was opened but not closed, which is compulsory thing to do,
- the dumps()is used for writing files and cannot be applied to read-only files,
- f is a file name, which means it should be provided inside quotes as "f",
- single equal sign is used for assign and not for comparison purposes, which means the last line should be changed to my_file == json.dumps(f).
Question 2
Which of the following statements is wrong?
- read_html() function from the Pandas library can be used for reading tables in HTML.
- findall() function from the re (regular expressions) library returns a list of matching strings.
- If an expression to be matched includes at least one digit, then both "\d*" and "\d+" regular expressions will match the expression.
- read_csv() function from the Pandas library can be used exclusively for reading CSV files.
Question 3
What will the following code print once executed?
my_list = []
for i in range(4):
my_list.append(str(i) + str( len(my_list) ) )
print(my_list[3])
- None
- 2
- 6
- 33
Question 4
Which of the following statements is not true about scraping?
- Scrapers broke over time, as websites change their structure.
- Too aggressive (e.g. frequent) scraping may cause troubles for the website.
- Scraped data may not be perfectly clean and need some additional processing.
- Any data that can be publicly accessed can also be freely scraped.
Question 5
Which of the following regular expressions will correctly match the bold component in the following text:
"Dear students, please be informed that our midterm exam will be held on Monday, June 19th, 15:30-16:45."
- \s([A-Z][a-z]+\s[0-9]{1,2}[a-z]{2}.+).
- \s[A-Z][a-z]+\s[0-9]{1,2}[a-z]{2}.+.
- [A-Z][a-z]+\s\S+.+
- ,\s\S+\s\S+\s\S+
Part 2 – Short-answer questions (10 points)
METRIC is a Yerevan-based think-tank specialized in data-driven research and consulting. It has a website that can be reached at http://metric.am/. You are asked to get data from this website using scraping techniques.
-
Please provide the link that you would check first before scraping METRIC's website.
-
Assuming the link you provided above shows the following information:
User-agent: sogou web spider
Disallow: /
What conclusions can you make regarding scraping after reading the information above?
- The website continuously posts paragraphs from Wikipedia. The following is a copy from the page's HTML source of the part where a paragraph from Wikipedia was copied.

The economy of Armenia is ranked 132nd in the world,
with a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of $10.561 billion per annum. It is also the 129th largest
in the world by purchasing power parity (PPP), at $25.329 billion per annum.

Provide a Python code (using requests and BeautifulSoup), which will find the paragraph above and return its text to some variable.
-
Provide a regular expression that will find and return the 2nd ranking (129th) from the same text above. The expression must work even if the ranking changes significantly.
-
The paragraph is followed by a "Read more" text, which redirects to the original Wikipedia article page once clicked (the article page is: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Armenia). Provide the HTML source for the "Read more" text.
Part 3 – Open-ended problem (10 points)
www.tert.am is an Armenian general-purpose online newspaper. The very first page has a table-like component in the bottom, which presents the news feed: hyperlinked titles of all published news in a day (see screenshot below).
The inspected HTML source for this component of the page looks like this:
Note: the first
 is responsible for the whole table-like component, then each
 and
 inside provide the content in that component.
Please, write down a Python code, which will go to http://www.tert.am/am/, find this table-like component and get from there the date (not time), the title and the link of each separate observation (i.e. published news), save this information in a JSON format and save the file into a JSON file. Please, provide careful explanation of all the steps you would take before, during and after writing this scraper code. Please, provide reasoning/explanation behind all components of your code (e.g. what each component is doing). You may provide it as Python comments or as a separate paragraph.


At the top of the preferences window, you can set how many revisions are loaded into the Timeline when you open or refresh it. It's always possible to load more revisions while you are viewing the Timeline, so you can keep this number low to make sure the Timeline loads as quickly as possible.
With this feature switched on, Versions will listen for file system notifications, automatically refreshing the display of the browser view when something changes inside your working copy. Basically, the status you see in Versions will then always be up to date.
Use the drop-down menu next to “File Comparison:” to select which application or script Versions should use to compare changes between different versions of files. See the section: Comparing differences for more information about file comparisons, which external applications are supported and how to get them, and how to create a custom comparison script.
Versions shows a badge next to each working copy bookmark to indicate the number of local and remote changes to that working copy. The data to display these badges is fetched every once in a while in the background. If you have a large number of working copies visible in your bookmarks list, switching off “Show badges with working copy changes” may improve performance and reduce network traffic.
A notification will be displayed on screen once an action is completed, such as updates or commits.
Versions can automatically check for updates and notify you when they are available. Including your anonymous system profile gives us a better understanding of our user base.
Versions allows you to specify a custom proxy server to use for http(s) connections. To use a custom proxy server, enable the "Use proxy for HTTP(S) connections" option and fill in the details of your server in the proxy configuration sheet.
Versions supports Subversion 1.4 through 1.8. Subversion 1.7 is selected by default. If you would like to be able to use Versions alongside Xcode SCM integration or other Subversion clients, this default setting is probably the best option.


Issues
| # | Summary | Product | Status | Kind | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 560 |
Apparent Alias issue |
Synergy | open | bug | Created , updated |
| 559 |
REQUEST: Auto-hide floating if iTunes paused/stopped for a long time |
Synergy | open | feature request | Created , updated |
| 558 |
REQUEST: Ordenar menu contextual de barra de menu |
Synergy | open | feature request | |
| 557 |
CSS bug: drop-down menus obscured by PRE blocks |
wincent.com | closed | bug | Created , updated |
| 556 |
REQUEST: User interface for "desktopFloater" preference |
Synergy | open | feature request | |
| 555 |
Lunch at login is not working |
wincent.com | closed | bug | |
| 554 |
Reappearing pane on demand |
Synergy | closed | bug | |
| 552 |
REQUEST: Auto-play on launch (user-selectable song/playlist) |
Synergy | open | feature request | |
| 551 |
CRASH: Dies in WODebug recordCleanExit |
Synergy Advance | open | bug | |
| 550 |
REQUEST: Add chapter navigation hotkeys |
Synergy | open | feature request |


We could use this function to convert a integrated HTML to a series of pages.
| # | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | content in 1 | content in 2 | content in 3 | content in 4 |
| 2 | content in 1 | content in 2 | content in 3 | content in 4 |
| 3 | content in 1 | content in 2 | content in 3 | content in 4 |
| 4 | content in 1 | content in 2 | content in 3 | content in 4 |
| 5 | content in 1 | content in 2 | content in 3 | content in 4 |
| 6 | content in 1 | content in 2 | content in 3 | content in 4 |
| 7 | content in 1 | content in 2 | content in 3 | content in 4 |
| 8 | content in 1 | content in 2 | content in 3 | content in 4 |
| 9 | content in 1 | content in 2 | content in 3 | content in 4 |
| 10 | content in 1 | content in 2 | content in 3 | content in 4 |


Q3. Which option must be enabled if you want to manipulate the playback of a video file during a presentation?
Record Side Show
Use Presenter View
Show Playback Controls
= Show Media Controls
Q4. Which feature analyzes the content of your slides and offers suggested options?
= Design ideas
Smartart
Browse for Themes
Add-Ins
Q5. Where can you configure advanced PDF options?
= the Options tab
the Home tab
the Print dialog box
the Share tab
Q6. Which tab is best for adding various types of objects to slides?
Animations
view
= File
insert
Q7. Which SmartArt category can you use to make informational graphics out of bullet points?
= all of these answers
Pyramid
List
Matrix
Q8. What is NOT checked when you run the Accessibility Checker?
reading order
= slide titles
missing alt text
grammar
Q9. How can you change the appearance of a table in one click?
Apply a cell stye.
Apply a graphic style.
Apply a table style.
= Right-click a table and choose a new style.
Q10. Which option changes a text box so that it automatically changes shape to fit longer text?
= Resize shape to fit text
Do not autofit
none of these answers
Shrink text on overflow
Q11. Which three shadow properties can be adjusted in PowerPoint?
A. Focal Point
B. Depth
C. Blur
D. Angle
E. Distance
= C,D,E
Q12. You want your presentation to play continuously on screen, What option must you set?
Use Presenter view
= Advance slides manually
Advance slides automatically
Loop continuously until Ese
Q13. Which statement about the Compress Pictures command is true?
= You can compress all images at the same time.
You cannot delete cropped areas.
There are no options for print output.
You can compress only one image at a time.
Q14. You have a Word document you would like to import as an outline into a PowerPoint presentation. How should you format the text in your Word document that you want to be the slide content?
Heading Style 2
Subtitle
= Content Style
List 2
Q15. In what manner can you filter comments?
by length
by author
= by date
by urgency
Q16. Which Arrow Options choice will hide the mouse cursor when presenting, except when the cursor is moved?
Automatic
= Hidden
none of these answers
Visible
Q17. Which chart type is best suited for displaying annual financial data for a 10-year period?
donut chart
= line or area chart
area chart
pie chart
Q16. Which Arrow Options choice will hide the mouse cursor when presenting, except when the cursor is moved?
Hidden
Q17. Which chart type is best suited for displaying annual financial data for a 10-year period?
line or area chart
Answers needed
Q18. If you want to create an organizational chart, which SmartArt category works best?
Pyramid
Relationship
= Hierarchy
Matrix
Q19. When printing multiple handouts, which option will group multipage documents together and make them easier to distribute?
Print on Both Sides
Uncollated
Print One-sided
Collated
Q20. How can you adjust which data in a table is used when working on a chart?
Click the Switch Row/Column button.
Click the Refresh Data button.
Click the Select Data button.
Click the Edit Data button.
Q21. Which view lets you see additional information on a second monitor when delivering a presentation?
Normal view
Reading view
Slide Sorter view
Presenter view


It seems that
either you did not use the proper hyperlink from the invitation
or, the meeting is outdated
Sorry, no booking is possible in both cases.
{CAL_MSG}
{CAL_LIST}
Please choose a timeslot and book-up for the meeting
{CALENDAR}


Skiing and snowboarding still rank among the undisputed winter sport highlights for all ages and ability levels. The perfectly groomed ski slopes makes a real heaven for skiers and riders. Our professional ski and snowboard instructors can show you all the little details while improving your skiing techniques and riding skills.
NEW TO SKIING?
NEW TO SKIING?
NEW TO SKIING?
Instructor
Instructor
Instructor
Instructor
We’re not saying Snow Mountain has special powers, but a lot of magical things do happen here. The slopes on Bald and Dollar mountains enjoy a nearly lift line–free existence all winter long, not to mention a nearly cloud-free one.
To those who wish to experience the best holiday time ever, we are excited to offer unlimited fun on the slopes, homey cosiness, wonderful views and snow activities. All this selection is presented in a great variety for any taste, age and skill. We are looking forward to seeing you in Snow Mountain ski resort at new season!
HAPPY CLIENTS
PROFESSIONAL AWARDS
REACHED TOPS
alexa smith
Nulla metus metus ullamcorper vel tincidunt sed euismod nibh Quisque volutpat condimentum velit class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra.
alexa smith
Nulla metus metus ullamcorper vel tincidunt sed euismod nibh Quisque volutpat condimentum velit class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra.


| class summary | |
|---|---|
| Assertion | Copyright Since 2005 TestBox Framework by Luis Majano and Ortus Solutions, Corp |
| BaseSpec | Copyright Since 2005 TestBox Framework by Luis Majano and Ortus Solutions, Corp |
| Expectation | Copyright Since 2005 TestBox Framework by Luis Majano and Ortus Solutions, Corp |
| MockBox | A unit testing mocking/stubing factory for ColdFusion 7 and above and any CFML Engine |
| TestBox | Copyright Since 2005 TestBox Framework by Luis Majano and Ortus Solutions, Corp |
| TestResult | Copyright Since 2005 TestBox Framework by Luis Majano and Ortus Solutions, Corp |


API Testbed
Ambient Light Sensor
Battery Status
Proximity Sensor
Webapps
Screen Orientation
Vibration
FM Radio
back


Organization code is required.
primary email is too short.
primary email is too long.
Your primary email is required.
You did not enter your email address correctly...
secondary email is too short.
secondary email is too long.
You did not enter your secondary email address correctly...
primary phone is too short.
primary phone is too long.
You did not enter your primary phone correctly...
secondary phone is too short.
secondary phone is too long.


@******************************************************************************* * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more * * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with * * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. * * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 * * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with * * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * * * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * * limitations under the License. * *******************************************************************************@ @(email: String, vfile: String, dataset: String, climateServices: List[metadata.ClimateService]) @import helper._ @main("newAllServices") {
| Climate Service Name | Purpose | URL | Average Rating | # of Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| @climateService.getClimateServiceName() | @climateService.getPurpose() | @climateService.getAvgScore() | @climateService.getVoteCount() |


mockspresso-mockito / com.episode6.hackit.mockspresso.mockito / MockitoMockerConfig / <init>
<init>
MockitoMockerConfig()
Deprecated: This functionality is now exposed by the kotlin extension method `mockByMockito()` and its JavaSupport counterpart MockspressoMockitoPluginsJavaSupport#mockByMockito()
This class will be marked internal/protected in a future release
A MockerConfig for Mockito.


Over 93% of people who have a Medicare Part D prescription drug plan are not sure if it's the best one available to them... or even what medications it will cover if they need them.
Many seniors just buy the cheapest thing, not knowing that it may have huge deductibles or bureaucracy involved if they need medications later.
The sources of confusion Medicare Patients have with Medicare Part D Plans are endless.... but here are the end results.
- They pay way too much for the plan
- The plan does not cover the medications they need
- Even if it does cover your medication, it may require laborious processes (that are difficult to understand and follow) to get the particular medicine your doctor prescribes.
- When sick, they have to fight with the insurance company to get help... at the time when you are least able to.
- Once you realize you have the wrong plan, they make you wait for up to a year before you can find the right plan for you.
- Even then, the insurance companies can change their coverages including the medications they cover in the middle of the year,.... after you are already "locked in."
- Many suffer permanent health consequences and even premature death because they didn't get the care they needed... even when it would have been available had they done the right things.
Medicare Part D is hard. You need an Expert on your team that will fight for you.
Prescription Lifeline's Medicare Advocacy Membership will help you starting now and for the rest of your life.


Deploys by Hour
Deploys per Day
Deploys by Day of the Week
Deploys per Week
Monday-Friday without Deploys
Monday-Friday deploy frequency
2017
Deploys per Day (2017)
Deploys per Week (2017)
Monday-Friday without Deploys (2017)
Monday-Friday deploy frequency (2017)


10 February 2003
Disease Outbreak Reported
The diagnosis of Lassa fever in a British soldier recently returned from duty in rural Sierra Leone has been confirmed by virological tests performed at the Enteric, Respiratory and Neurological Virus Laboratory at the Central Public Health Laboratory, London, United Kingdom.
He had been based in an area endemic for Lassa fever. He is currently being treated at the high security infectious diseases unit at Coppetts Wood Hospital, London.
This is the sixth case of Lassa fever to have been imported to the United Kingdom since 1976.


Check out your past searches and the content you’ve browsed in. View last results
Newsletters Sent
Newsletters Sent
Newsletters Sent
Open Rate
Read Rate
Attachments
New Subs
Santorini.pdf
Sea Presentation.pdf
Lakes in Austria.doc
Mountain.pdf
Mountains in US.doc


 If you believe that your situation does not fall into any of these categories, please {{ "contact us" | contact_us }}.
You want to launch an Open Science Pool worker node inside a Docker container on your computer.
Your want to launch many Open Science Pool worker nodes inside a Kubernetes cluster.


Background
Educational background
My education background;
- (2000-20010)-Attended Greenfields Primary School where i completed my KCPE exam).
- (2011-2014)-Attended Makini High School where i completed my KSCE exam and secodary eduaction graduating sum cum laude.
- (2016-)-Joined Strathmore University where i undertake a Bachelor's degree in Commerce.
Reasons for undertaking programming
Why did i choose programming?
- To be able to improve my skills on programming as i was rusty before joining Moringa School
- To learn how to code by practising frequently
- To be able to create something (eg.website)which I'll be proud to present as a creation of my own
My Interests
What are my intersts?
- Investment Banking
- Programming
- Money and Wealth
What are my hobbies?
- Playing Football
- Playing Video games (FIFA)
- Reading Novels
- Swimming
- Writting Codes


Watch: Virat Kohli draws applause from Bangladesh bowler after glorious cover drive
Virat Kohli was at his glorious best on Friday, with some of his classy shots even drawing applause from the opposition players. Kohli was unbeaten on 59 at stumps on Day 1.
by Sports DeskVirat Kohli was at his glorious best on Day 1 of the 2nd Test between India and Bangladesh in Kolkata on Friday, his unbeaten 59 taking him past 5000 Test runs as captain – becoming only the sixth captain ever to do so, and the quickest to the mark.
Kohli got off the mark with a thick outside edge, but he soon brought out his repertoire of classic shots, even drawing applause from the opposition on occasion.
Bangladesh bowler Ebadot Hossain, who got the wickets of Rohit Sharma and Cheteshwar Pujara, was seen clapping after a particularly well-timed cover drive from Kohli’s bat pierced the field and flew to the boundary.
The incident happened off the fourth delivery of the 17th over.
Kohli finished the day at 59, with vice-captain Ajinkya Rahane (23) giving him company. India will be looking to extend their lead of 68 runs when play resumes on Day 2 on Saturday.


A Garbage Collector is the module of a programming language that takes care of cleaning the memory during the program’s execution.
Even though we are used to it, Garbage Collection (also called Automatic Memory Management) is a relatively recent innovation in programming languages.
In the good old days, programming languages such as C and C++ asked the developer to take care of every bit of memory. For example, in C the developer should:
- Request the allocation of new space in memory, specifying how many bytes are needed. This is done with the function
malloc(...)
. - Delete from memory those objects that aren’t needed anymore, specifying a pointer to that location. This is achieved with the function
free(...)
.
Obviously, this way to manage memory has really nothing of automatic. It’s fully manual.
Decades of experience have proven that manual memory management leads to bugs in every program, no matter how good are the developers. It’s just too much to have to deal with (among many others):
- Memory leaks: when you forget to delete something from memory.
- Dangling pointers: should be dereferenced, but you must remember it!
- Override part of an object: maybe you thought it wasn’t there anymore!
The truth is that this type of storage bugs are extremely difficult to find, and many productions systems nowadays still have some memory leaks that’s still hidden. This is not a safe and robust way of building systems.
Automatic Memory Management, aka Garbage Collector, gained mainstream popularity with the rise of Java. Java was indeed the first enterprise language to become very popular and to have garbage collection.
The principles of Garbage Collection are the ones simple intuition would suggest:
- When a new object is created, some unused space in memory is reserved for it.
- Doing this over and over means the program will run out of free memory.
- However, some objects that were created will never be used again and if we find them then we can free the memory.
There is one very important concept I would like to start our conversation from. Garbage Collection is not a perfect system.
Let’s see what that means.
No Garbage Collector is Perfect
The key concept that all automatic management systems use is that a program can only use objects that it can find.
In other words, if there is an object in memory that’s not accessible by any part of the program, and therefore can’t be used in any sort of operation (assignment, computation, etc.) then it can be deleted and the memory reused.
Let’s take a look at one basic example.
x = new A();
y = new B();
x = y;
With the first statement, some words of memory are reserved and a new A
object is created there, then this object is referenced by the pointer attached to the variable x
.
However, with the third statement the pointer attached to x
is moved to a different memory location (one with a "B"
object). Therefore, the object created in memory with the first instruction becomes unreachable. Thus, that space can be freed.
Let’s now throw in two simple definitions.
An object X
is reachable if either:
- One register has a pointer to X.
- Another reachable object Y contains a pointer to X.
An unreachable object is one that is not reachable. These objects are garbage.
Unfortunately, this approach, as sound as it is, leaves some “dark zone” in memory that are not considered unreachable, and therefore not reused, even though they should really be.
Let’s take a look as one example where this can happen.
x = new A();
y = new B();
x = y;
// assume y is dead here
// Garbage Collection starts here too, collecting y
if (true)
x = new A();
else
x.foo()
When Garbage Collector starts, it will collect the variable/pointer y
, as we’re assuming is dead, and it will also collect the object of type A
created in memory on the first line.
It will not collect the object B created on the second line, even if y
is collected, because that object is referenced by x
.
However, that object will never be used again in the code, because the condition of the if
is always true, and therefore the statement x.foo()
in the else branch will never be executed. This means that the object B
should also have been collected in the previous run of the Garbage Collector.
This is just one example, among infinitely many, that shows that reachability is an approximation.
With this piece of knowledge in mind, let’s move on to analyze three of the most well known algorithms for Garbage Collection.
Mark and Sweep Algorithm
As its name says, this algorithm works in two phases:
- The Mark Phase, when all reachable objects are traced.
- The Sweep Phase, when all unreachable objects are deleted.
Practically speaking, this algorithm requires every object to have one more bit, the mark bit.
Let’s now look into the details of the two phases.
Mark Algorithm
The idea of the first phase is to start from “roots” objects. These are the objects that are always reachable. For each of them, the algorithm finds all objects that can be reached, mark them as reachable (with the mark bit), and consider it as a root too.
Let T = {all roots}
While T is not empty:
Select v from T
T ← T - {v}
if mark(v) == 0 then
mark(v) ← 1
Let v1,...,vn all pointers from v
T ← T U {v1,...,vn}
Sweep Algorithm
In the second phase, the Heap memory is scanned in order to find all objects that have the mark bit unset (that is, equal to zero).
It’s worth understanding that the “deletion” operation happens at the logical level only. Not on the physical level. Let me elaborate this point better.
When an object with mark bit unset is found, we know that we want to be able to reuse the memory currently taken by that object.
Actually clearing that memory is not something meaningful to do. In fact, it’s not actually possible! How would “clear” a slot of memory? Would you set it to zero bits? But that could be a real object with zero value!
Thus, the action of “deleting” the object simply consists in knowing that those memory slots can be reused, and in saving this precious information somewhere.
To implement this logic, let’s assume we have:
- A function
sizeof(p)
, that gives the size (in block of memory) the object pointed by p takes in memory. - A list, called the free-list, where we can store the blocks of memory that can be reused.
Let’s now look at the actual algorithm:
Let p ← bottom of the heap
while p greater than top of the heap
if mark(p) == 1, then mark(p) = 0
else add the block [p,..., p + sizeof(p) - 1] to the free list
p ← p + sizeof(p)
Comments
Overall, Mark and Sweep is an easy to understand procedure. That said, it has many tricky details that’s worth knowing about.
For starters, let’s consider that the Mark algorithm, as I stated it, needs to create a list of objects that will contain first the root object, and then potentially many more objects.
But Garbage Collector is run when the program is running out of memory! It should not need to use a lot of memory to run! And what makes it worse is that the size of the T list is not known in advance.
The solution to circumvent this issue is to use pointer reversal. The algorithm avoids to create a new list, and instead follows the same pointers used to determine reachability, reversing them twice in order to follow all paths.
Let’s look at one example to clarify how this works. Let’s say we have five objects in memory, with only one root, the object A.
A → B → C
\
\
D → E
So, we start at A and take the path towards B. When we arrive at B, we mark B as reachable (mark(B) = 1) and then we reverse the previous pointer, so there will now be a pointer from B to A.
A ← B → C
\
\
D → E
We now continue, and we arrive at C. So we set mark© = 1, and we also reverse that pointer.
A ← B ← C
\
\
D → E
At this point we notice that C does not have any other pointer. We can then go backwards thanks to the reversed pointers.
We walk back from C to B, and reverse again the pointer.
A ← B → C
\
\
D → E
Object B does not have more pointers either, so we walk back one more step, and reverse that pointer too.
A → B → C
\
\
D → E
Now we see that A has one more pointer that we didn’t explore, so we go towards D following the same procedure.
This seems to work nicely, but there’s still one obscure point. Let’s consider again the action of reversing the pointer from B to A, during the initial step.
This operation cannot be done without care. First of all, B might not have space for a pointer at all! Secondly, if it does have space (like in the example), then this space is probably already used for a pointer to a different object!
Referring to the example, B has a pointer to the object C. If we changed that pointer and link it to A, then we would not be able to reach C!
In fact, this is a common problem that arises in algorithms that are based on work-lists (also called, to-do lists). It is often called off-by-1 problem.
The solution is to reverse the pointer of the second to last visited object. For example, when we arrive at C, we change the pointer B→C into A←B, and also use a temporary pointer to remember that we are onto B, because we will later need to add a pointer B←C.
Finally, it’s worth knowing that the same trick is used to manage the free-list, in the sweep phase.
What is the main advantage of Mark and Sweep? One of its best features is that it does not change the pointers in memory.
In different words, objects are not actually moved around, within the memory. Some are marked as deleted, by adding those locations in the free-list, but those who are not will still be in the same memory slots, pointed by the same pointers are before.
This is a nice-to-have feature in languages that have explicit pointers. For example, in C pointers are explicit and exposed to the developer. Therefore, one could build a Garbage Collector for C using the Mark and Sweep algorithm. This has indeed been done.
Instead, if you wanted to use a different algorithm for Garbage Collector in C, one that changes pointers and object locations, you would really give a hard time to everybody who uses your Garbage Collector! When it starts, it would change the pointers that the programmer has used in his code!
What about the disadvantages of Mark and Sweep? The main problem it has is memory segmentation.
The whole idea of using the free-list is such that the computer’s memory becomes very fragmented. Thus, at times it can be difficult to find a contiguous part of the free memory where to allocate some larger object.
Stop and Copy Algorithm
This is another strategy for Automatic Memory Management. Its main idea is to split memory in two parts, both logically and physically.
- The old space, that’s used to allocate objects.
- The new space, reserved to Garbage Collector operations (explained in a moment).
In addition, this system keeps track of a special pointer, called heap pointer. This points to the first free block of memory in the heap.
Basically, every block of memory below the heap pointer is already used. Everything above it, instead, is available space. Clearly, every time a new object is stored in memory, the heap pointer is shifted (up), according to the size of the object.
The Garbage Collector is activated when the old space gets full. Then, the algorithm:
- Finds all reachable objects in the old space.
- Copies all of them into the new space.
- Switches the roles: new space becomes old space and vice versa.
- Resumes the program.
This logically very easy steps are such that all garbage objects are left behind in the old space, and they will be overwritten soon. On the other hand, all reachable objects are copied into the new space (that will then become the old space), and can still be used.
Comments
Even though Stop and Copy seems a very easy algorithm, there are a lot of tricky details worth knowing about, as for Mark and Sweep.
The peculiar feature of Stop and Copy, is that, in order to copy all objects in the new space, we need to move them and find and fix all pointers in/out. It’s not obvious how to do that, because when we find an object, we can’t see all pointers that points to it (whereas it’s easy to see the ones that goes out).
To solve this problem, the trick is to use a forwarding pointer: when we copy an object, we mark it as “copied” and also add a pointer from the original object to its copy in the new space. This way, if another object had a pointer to the object we moved, it will be able to find the new copy using the forwarding pointer.
Another important point is: how to implement the traversal without using extra space?
The trick here is to partition the new space into three contiguous regions:
- The empty region, where we allocate new objects. There’s a pointer
alloc
to the first block in this region. - The scan region, where we have objects that have been copied but not scanned for their pointers. There’s a pointer
scan
, for the first block of this region. - The start region, where there are objects that have been copied and scanned.
To make a parallelism with mark and sweep, we can think of the scan region as the work list.
Algorithm
Let’s take a look at the pseudo-code for the Stop and Copy Algorithm.
While scan != alloc
1. Let O be the object at the scan pointer
2. For each pointer p contained in O
a. Find O' that p points to
b. If O' does not have a forwarding pointer:
1. Copy O' to new space
2. Update alloc pointer
3. Set 1st word of old O' to point to the new copy of O'
4. Mark old O' as copied
5. Change p to point to the new copy of O'
c. Else set p in O equal to the forwarding pointer
3. Increment scan pointer to the next object
There are two other important points to note:
- We must be able to tell how large an object is (like with a function sizeof), and also in which words of the memory reserved to each object there are pointers. However, we can safely assume that the Compiler knows all of this.
- When performing Garbage Collection, we must check if any of those objects is referred by a pointer in the stack. Therefore, we must scan the entire stack and update all pointers. This can be an expensive operation.
Finally, it’s good to know that Stop and Copy is considered the most efficient Garbage Collection Algorithm:
- Allocation is very cheap (just increment the pointer).
- Collection is relatively cheap, and is very cheap if there’s a lot of garbage, because the algorithm only touches the reachable objects.
On the other hand, Stop and Copy can only be used in languages that do not expose pointers to the programmers. For example, it cannot be used in C because during Garbage Collection pointers are moved all around in memory, and would mess up the rest of the program.
Reference Counting Algorithm
This is yet another Automatic Memory Management technique, and also the last one we will study in this article.
The basic idea is that instead of waiting for the memory to be almost full and only then start the Garbage Collector, the system tries to keep track of how many references each object has, and as soon as the counting is zero for an object - which means that object has become unreachable - it frees the space it occupied in memory.
To do this, obviously there must be an additional field in every object that counts the number of pointers to it.
What this implies, is that every assignment operation in the code must also take care of updating this field for all objects. Clearly, this causes some overhead in the program’s execution.
Let’s look at one example of how Reference Counting works.
Let rc(x)
be the reference count field in object x
. Assume we have two pointers x
, y
that point to two objects in memory O
, P
.
Now, it’s important to notice that during Code Generation we must do a lot of additions in the code. Every assignment x←y
in the original code is transformed to the following sequence of 4 instructions.
rc(p) ← rc(p) + 1
rc(o) ← rc(o) - 1
if (rc(o) == 0) then free(o)
x ← y
As it’s easy to see, these 4 instructions are all is needed to perform Garbage Collection based on Reference Counting.
On the bright side, Reference Counting has two pros:
- Very easy to implement, for a basic implementation.
- Collects garbage incrementally, without waiting for memory to get full.
On the other side, there are some cons too:
- Cannot collect circular structures (because they will always have
rc=1
, even if they are unreachable from the stack). - The manipulation of
rc(x)
makes the code much slower. - For an optimized version of the algorithm, the implementation becomes really complex.
To solve the problem with circular structures, either the programmer remembers that each time one such structure becomes unreachable, they should change one pointer inside the structure to NULL, so then in a few steps the entire structure will be collected. Or, we should back this technique with another Garbage Collector technique that is run only once in a while.
Summary and Outlook
In this article we learnt what Automatic Memory Management is, and how’s often called: Garbage Collector.
We also studies three of the most well known Garbage Collector algorithms:
- Mark and Sweep
- Stop and Copy
- Reference Counting
There are a few points worth reiterating, in my opinion:
- There’s no doubt that Garbage Collector helps preventing storage bugs and memory leaks in complex programs.
- Nonetheless, it does reduce the control that the programmer has over what happens in memory.
- Furthermore, the program execution is paused during Garbage Collection. This can cause some trouble, especially in real-time applications.
- Finally, one must remember that Garbage Collection Algorithms aren’t perfect. There’s no guarantee that memory bugs are prevented, no matter what system is in use. Reduced, yes. Avoided completely, forget about it.
As I briefly mentioned in a paragraph in this article, Automatic Memory Management is still an active research topic, and many other techniques have been proposed. For instance, here are some:
- Concurrent: Garbage Collector works in background in a separate thread.
- Generational: It does not analyze “too often” objects that are referred by a lot of places.
- Real-Time: There are limits on the time that the system can be paused during Garbage Collection.
- Parallel: The system uses (and coordinates) many Garbage Collectors at the same time.
References
Alex Aiken’s class Compilers at Stanford University. Available as free MOOC online.


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| PostgreSQL 9.5.19 Documentation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Prev | Up | Appendix E. Release Notes | Next |
Release date: 2018-05-10
This release contains a variety of fixes from 9.5.12. For information about new features in the 9.5 major release, see Section E.20.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 9.5.X.
However, if the function marking mistakes mentioned in the first changelog entry below affect you, you will want to take steps to correct your database catalogs.
Also, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 9.5.12, see Section E.8.
Fix incorrect volatility markings on a few built-in functions (Thomas Munro, Tom Lane)
The functions
query_to_xml
,
cursor_to_xml
,
cursor_to_xmlschema
,
query_to_xmlschema
, and
query_to_xml_and_xmlschema
should be marked volatile because they execute user-supplied queries
that might contain volatile operations. They were not, leading to a
risk of incorrect query optimization. This has been repaired for new
installations by correcting the initial catalog data, but existing
installations will continue to contain the incorrect markings.
Practical use of these functions seems to pose little hazard, but in
case of trouble, it can be fixed by manually updating these
functions' pg_proc entries, for example
ALTER FUNCTION pg_catalog.query_to_xml(text, boolean,
boolean, text) VOLATILE. (Note that that will need to be
done in each database of the installation.) Another option is
to pg_upgrade the database to a version
containing the corrected initial data.
Avoid re-using TOAST value OIDs that match dead-but-not-yet-vacuumed TOAST entries (Pavan Deolasee)
Once the OID counter has wrapped around, it's possible to assign a TOAST value whose OID matches a previously deleted entry in the same TOAST table. If that entry were not yet vacuumed away, this resulted in "unexpected chunk number 0 (expected 1) for toast value nnnnn" errors, which would persist until the dead entry was removed by VACUUM. Fix by not selecting such OIDs when creating a new TOAST entry.
Change ANALYZE's algorithm for updating pg_class.reltuples (David Gould)
Previously, pages not actually scanned by ANALYZE were assumed to retain their old tuple density. In a large table where ANALYZE samples only a small fraction of the pages, this meant that the overall tuple density estimate could not change very much, so that reltuples would change nearly proportionally to changes in the table's physical size (relpages) regardless of what was actually happening in the table. This has been observed to result in reltuples becoming so much larger than reality as to effectively shut off autovacuuming. To fix, assume that ANALYZE's sample is a statistically unbiased sample of the table (as it should be), and just extrapolate the density observed within those pages to the whole table.
Avoid deadlocks in concurrent CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY commands that are run under SERIALIZABLE or REPEATABLE READ transaction isolation (Tom Lane)
Fix possible slow execution of REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW CONCURRENTLY (Thomas Munro)
Fix UPDATE/DELETE ... WHERE CURRENT OF to not fail when the referenced cursor uses an index-only-scan plan (Yugo Nagata, Tom Lane)
Fix incorrect planning of join clauses pushed into parameterized paths (Andrew Gierth, Tom Lane)
This error could result in misclassifying a condition as a "join filter" for an outer join when it should be a plain "filter" condition, leading to incorrect join output.
Fix possibly incorrect generation of an index-only-scan plan when the same table column appears in multiple index columns, and only some of those index columns use operator classes that can return the column value (Kyotaro Horiguchi)
Fix misoptimization of CHECK constraints having provably-NULL subclauses of top-level AND/OR conditions (Tom Lane, Dean Rasheed)
This could, for example, allow constraint exclusion to exclude a child table that should not be excluded from a query.
Fix executor crash due to double free in some GROUPING SET usages (Peter Geoghegan)
Avoid crash if a table rewrite event trigger is added concurrently with a command that could call such a trigger (Álvaro Herrera, Andrew Gierth, Tom Lane)
Avoid failure if a query-cancel or session-termination interrupt occurs while committing a prepared transaction (Stas Kelvich)
Fix query-lifespan memory leakage in repeatedly executed hash joins (Tom Lane)
Fix overly strict sanity check
in heap_prepare_freeze_tuple
(Álvaro Herrera)
This could result in incorrect "cannot freeze committed xmax" failures in databases that have been pg_upgrade'd from 9.2 or earlier.
Prevent dangling-pointer dereference when a C-coded before-update row trigger returns the "old" tuple (Rushabh Lathia)
Reduce locking during autovacuum worker scheduling (Jeff Janes)
The previous behavior caused drastic loss of potential worker concurrency in databases with many tables.
Ensure client hostname is copied while copying pg_stat_activity data to local memory (Edmund Horner)
Previously the supposedly-local snapshot contained a pointer into shared memory, allowing the client hostname column to change unexpectedly if any existing session disconnected.
Fix incorrect processing of multiple compound affixes in ispell dictionaries (Arthur Zakirov)
Fix collation-aware searches (that is, indexscans using inequality operators) in SP-GiST indexes on text columns (Tom Lane)
Such searches would return the wrong set of rows in most non-C locales.
Count the number of index tuples correctly during initial build of an SP-GiST index (Tomas Vondra)
Previously, the tuple count was reported to be the same as that of the underlying table, which is wrong if the index is partial.
Count the number of index tuples correctly during vacuuming of a GiST index (Andrey Borodin)
Previously it reported the estimated number of heap tuples, which might be inaccurate, and is certainly wrong if the index is partial.
Fix a corner case where a streaming standby gets stuck at a WAL continuation record (Kyotaro Horiguchi)
In logical decoding, avoid possible double processing of WAL data when a walsender restarts (Craig Ringer)
Allow scalarltsel
and scalargtsel
to be used on non-core datatypes
(Tomas Vondra)
Reduce libpq's memory consumption when a server error is reported after a large amount of query output has been collected (Tom Lane)
Discard the previous output before, not after, processing the error message. On some platforms, notably Linux, this can make a difference in the application's subsequent memory footprint.
Fix double-free crashes in ecpg (Patrick Krecker, Jeevan Ladhe)
Fix ecpg to handle long long int variables correctly in MSVC builds (Michael Meskes, Andrew Gierth)
Fix mis-quoting of values for list-valued GUC variables in dumps (Michael Paquier, Tom Lane)
The local_preload_libraries, session_preload_libraries, shared_preload_libraries, and temp_tablespaces variables were not correctly quoted in pg_dump output. This would cause problems if settings for these variables appeared in CREATE FUNCTION ... SET or ALTER DATABASE/ROLE ... SET clauses.
Fix pg_recvlogical to not fail against pre-v10 PostgreSQL servers (Michael Paquier)
A previous fix caused pg_recvlogical to issue a command regardless of server version, but it should only be issued to v10 and later servers.
Ensure that pg_rewind deletes files on the target server if they are deleted from the source server during the run (Takayuki Tsunakawa)
Failure to do this could result in data inconsistency on the target, particularly if the file in question is a WAL segment.
Fix pg_rewind to handle tables in non-default tablespaces correctly (Takayuki Tsunakawa)
Fix overflow handling in PL/pgSQL integer FOR loops (Tom Lane)
The previous coding failed to detect overflow of the loop variable on some non-gcc compilers, leading to an infinite loop.
Adjust PL/Python regression tests to pass under Python 3.7 (Peter Eisentraut)
Support testing PL/Python and related modules when building with Python 3 and MSVC (Andrew Dunstan)
Support building with Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 (Michael Paquier)
Various fixes needed for VS2015 compatibility were previously back-patched into the 9.5 branch, but this one was missed.
Rename internal b64_encode
and b64_decode
functions to avoid conflict with
Solaris 11.4 built-in functions (Rainer Orth)
Sync our copy of the timezone library with IANA tzcode release 2018e (Tom Lane)
This fixes the zic timezone data compiler to cope with negative daylight-savings offsets. While the PostgreSQL project will not immediately ship such timezone data, zic might be used with timezone data obtained directly from IANA, so it seems prudent to update zic now.
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2018d for DST law changes in Palestine and Antarctica (Casey Station), plus historical corrections for Portugal and its colonies, as well as Enderbury, Jamaica, Turks & Caicos Islands, and Uruguay.


Company profile - Canadian Company Capabilities
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Keystone Manufacturing (Plastics) Ltd. - ABnote
Mailing Address:
15 Golden Gate CrtSCARBOROUGH, Ontario
M1P 3A4
Location Address:
15 Golden Gate CrtSCARBOROUGH, Ontario
M1P 3A4
Tel.:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Company Profile
Keystone's early operations, begun in 1958, made specialty
plastics items (tent signs, calculators etc). Its first plastic
cards was manufactured for a current competitor, without
realizing the potential then. But in 1984, under new ownership,
Keystone launched into the card manufacturing business in a
major way. Since then, sales and production volumes have
increased over 35 times. The company has moved twice to much
larger and secure premises and currently Keystone manufactures
over 50 million cards a year of all types--credit, debit, smart,
I.D., library, loyalty, telephone etc. The company is a charter
member of the world association of card manufacturers made up of
over 120 companies around the globe, the International Card
Manufacturers Association (ICMA).
Keystone is currently the only card manufacturer in Canada
with National and International sales and service offices. At
present,there are dedicated offices in Vancouver, Calgary,
Montreal, and at the head office in Toronto. Internationally,
the company utilizes sales agents in Zurich (Switzerland),
Stamford Conn.(USA) and Minneapolis(USA) as well as nternational
sales from the head office. Exports account for approximately
15% of total sales--to markets including USA, Cuba, Switzerland,
India, Middle Ease the and Caribbean.
Keystone has developed a production operation that embodies
two enormously important attributes from a customer's point of
view:
1. Flexibility and adaptability--our raison d'etre is to supply
what our customers need, when they need it. So we jump and find
ways to respond to our client's needs. That is how the business
has grown and why it is still central to our operation.
2. Quality--speed and flexibility are not compromises for
quality. And Keystone has been recognised as the world's best
manufacturer of phone cards for THREE YEARS IN A ROW by the
ICMA. We are extremely proud of this recognition because it
endorses the fine work our people put into our customers'
products--on a consistent basis over long periods of time.
Keystone Technologies Division:
This division of the company sells and services equipment
and systems that add security and value to manufactured cards.
Digital Imaging systems including photo I.D. software and
hardware, date management and smart card production and
initialization are included in this Division.
"CardWorks" photo I.D. software is proprietary and includes
serveral unique and extraordinary features not found elsewhere.
As a consequences, this division is growing by leaps and bounds
with increasing numbers of installations in Canada and the U.S.
for governments, security companies, colleges, unviersities and
manufacturers. Installations can stand alone or be networked as
the application requires. "CardWorks" is 32 bit code, ODBC
compatible, includes "ghosting" security among other features
and runs on almost any computer. Technologies is also a
registered VAR for DataCard's digital imaging printers.
The entire Keystone operation is housed in modern, clean, secure
premises with Mastercard level security.
Full profile
Full profile
Contact information
Company description
Product / Service / Licensing
access and other ID cards and systems.
banks, trust companies, credit unions, cash machines,
telephone networks, and provincial driver licences.
personalized photo identification cards and complete systems
represent this category.
effective July 1996. The current market for Smart Cards in
North America is exploding with forecasted exponential growth
within 2-3 years. Keystone is ideally poised to exploit the
marketplace through its card manufacturing, personalization,
chip implanting, card initialization, and application
development capabilities.
Keystone has added the "CardWare" Identification
Management System to its repertoire of card
personalization systems and services. CardWare systems
are supplied turnkey or as a debundled software kit to the
domestic and international markets.
BIOMETRIC VERIFICATION:
"CardWare" Identification Management Systems incorporate
state-of-the-art biometric verification technology developed
by a world class, local supplier (Mytec). Mytec
Technologies, a publicly traded company, has developed the
world`s first optical computing application which
incorporates proprietary encryption technology based on
finger pattern capture/conversion/storage.
RELATED CARD SERVICES
The company provides complete and comprehensive
processing services for clients - including embossing and
encoding, affixing and inserting, sorting and batching for
mailing, data management, reconciliation and reporting.
Secure warehousing and inventory services are provided for
cards and related materials. Data transmission and
networking services as they are required for card processing
are also provided.
for clients - including embossing and encoding, affixing and
inserting, sorting and batching for mailing, data management,
reconciliation and reporting. Secure warehousing and inventory
services are provided for cards and related materials. Data
transmission and networking services as they are required for
card processing are also provided.
Technology profile
includeds many highly unique processing and security features
which allows for applicaitons in stand alone or networked
configurations.
Market profile
Alliances:
- Financial
- Sales/Marketing
- Technology
Geographic markets:
Export experience:
- Barbados
- Bermuda
- Cuba
- India
- Switzerland
- United Arab Emirates
- United States
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Some of the information on this Web page has been provided by external sources. The Government of Canada is not responsible for the accuracy, reliability or currency of the information supplied by external sources. Users wishing to rely upon this information should consult directly with the source of the information. Content provided by external sources is not subject to official languages, privacy and accessibility requirements.
Contacts
Contact information
Description
Company description
Products, services and licensing
Product / Service / Licensing
access and other ID cards and systems.
banks, trust companies, credit unions, cash machines,
telephone networks, and provincial driver licences.
personalized photo identification cards and complete systems
represent this category.
effective July 1996. The current market for Smart Cards in
North America is exploding with forecasted exponential growth
within 2-3 years. Keystone is ideally poised to exploit the
marketplace through its card manufacturing, personalization,
chip implanting, card initialization, and application
development capabilities.
Keystone has added the "CardWare" Identification
Management System to its repertoire of card
personalization systems and services. CardWare systems
are supplied turnkey or as a debundled software kit to the
domestic and international markets.
BIOMETRIC VERIFICATION:
"CardWare" Identification Management Systems incorporate
state-of-the-art biometric verification technology developed
by a world class, local supplier (Mytec). Mytec
Technologies, a publicly traded company, has developed the
world`s first optical computing application which
incorporates proprietary encryption technology based on
finger pattern capture/conversion/storage.
RELATED CARD SERVICES
The company provides complete and comprehensive
processing services for clients - including embossing and
encoding, affixing and inserting, sorting and batching for
mailing, data management, reconciliation and reporting.
Secure warehousing and inventory services are provided for
cards and related materials. Data transmission and
networking services as they are required for card processing
are also provided.
for clients - including embossing and encoding, affixing and
inserting, sorting and batching for mailing, data management,
reconciliation and reporting. Secure warehousing and inventory
services are provided for cards and related materials. Data
transmission and networking services as they are required for
card processing are also provided.
Technology
Technology profile
includeds many highly unique processing and security features
which allows for applicaitons in stand alone or networked
configurations.
Market
Market profile
Alliances:
- Financial
- Sales/Marketing
- Technology
Geographic markets:
Export experience:
- Barbados
- Bermuda
- Cuba
- India
- Switzerland
- United Arab Emirates
- United States


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Not sure which to use? We've created gameplay guides for the subclasses in Destiny.
The first Titans built the Wall, and gave their lives to defend it. Now, you stand in the same high place, steadfast and sure, protecting all who shelter in your shadow. You hail from a long line of heroes, forged from strength and sacrifice. Our enemies may be deadly and merciless, but so are you.
Hunters once prowled the wilderness and wastelands, taking big risks for even bigger rewards. You're no outlaw—at least, not anymore—but making your own luck has always meant bending the rules. Your unique brand of daring and ingenuity is needed now more than ever.
Warlocks have long studied the Traveler, mastering some of its arcane energies. Its true purpose still remains a great mystery, but discovering truth has always driven you into the unknown. Now, our enemies are the only thing that stands between you and the lost wonders of our Golden Age.


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Igreja Villa da Graça etc etc link (se necessário). Texto indefinido.
This theme features stock photos by Gratisography along with a custom Google Maps skin courtesy of Snazzy Maps.
Grayscale includes full HTML, CSS, and custom JavaScript files along with SASS and LESS files for easy customization!
Igreja Villa da Graça etc etc link (se necessário). Texto indefinido.
This theme features stock photos by Gratisography along with a custom Google Maps skin courtesy of Snazzy Maps.
Grayscale includes full HTML, CSS, and custom JavaScript files along with SASS and LESS files for easy customization!
Aqui você encontra os vídeos da Villa da Graça e as pregações escritas em arquivos PDF.
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LDM Logging Format and Interpretation
The format of LDM logging depends on whether the simple logging module or the
ulog
module is used (i.e., whether or not the
--with-ulog
option was given to the
configure
script).
Simple format
ulog
format


Procedures for testing for group-wide signal in clusters of variables. Tests can be performed for single groups in isolation (univariate) or multiple groups together (multivariate). Specific tests include the exact and approximate (un)selective likelihood ratio tests described in Reid et al (2015), the selective F test and marginal screening prototype test of Reid and Tibshirani (2015). User may pre-specify columns to be included in prototype formation, or allow the function to select them itself. A mixture of these two is also possible. Any variable selection is accounted for using the selective inference framework. Options for non-sampling and hit-and-run null reference distributions.
| Version: | 1.1 |
| Depends: | intervals, MASS, glmnet |
| Imports: | Rcpp (≥ 0.12.1) |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp, RcppArmadillo |
| Published: | 2016-04-19 |
| Author: | Stephen Reid |
| Maintainer: | Stephen Reid <sreid at stanford.edu> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| URL: | http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.07839 |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| CRAN checks: | prototest results |
| Reference manual: | prototest.pdf |
| Package source: | prototest_1.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: prototest_1.1.zip, r-release: prototest_1.1.zip, r-oldrel: prototest_1.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: prototest_1.1.tgz, r-oldrel: prototest_1.1.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=prototest to link to this page.


The Ring Video Doorbell 2 is down to $170 on Amazon ($60 off)
by Hagop KavafianSmart doorbells are a great way of making your home safer, but their price can often be a roadblock. Thankfully, you can save $60 on Ring's Video Doorbell 2, which is now down to $170 on Amazon.
It features a full HD camera and two-way audio to talk to visitors, and there's also has an IR sensor to see guests in the dark. The Ring Video Doorbell 2 also has motion-sensing and can notify you before someone even rings the bell. Unfortunately, there's no local storage option, and subscriptions to save your videos on the cloud cost $3 to $10 a month.
The doorbell is designed to withstand harsh weather conditions and can operate within temperates ranging from -5°F to 120°F. It also comes with a built-in battery, allowing you to place it anywhere you'd like without having to worry about wires. If you'd rather not bother with charging the battery, you can also hard-wire it for continuous operation.
Buy:
Amazon


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title: Line Chart
A line chart is a way of plotting data points on a line. Often, it is used to show trend data, and the comparison of two data sets.
var myLineChart = new Chart(ctx, {
type: 'line',
data: data,
options: options
});
Alternatively a line chart can be created using syntax similar to the v1.0 syntax
var myLineChart = Chart.Line(ctx, {
data: data,
options: options
});
The following options can be included in a line chart dataset to configure options for that specific dataset.
All point* properties can be specified as an array. If these are set to an array value, the first value applies to the first point, the second value to the second point, and so on.
| Property | Type | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| data | See data point section | The data to plot in a line |
| label | String |
The label for the dataset which appears in the legend and tooltips |
| xAxisID | String |
The ID of the x axis to plot this dataset on |
| yAxisID | String |
The ID of the y axis to plot this dataset on |
| fill | Boolean |
If true, fill the area under the line |
| lineTension | Number |
Bezier curve tension of the line. Set to 0 to draw straightlines. Note This was renamed from 'tension' but the old name still works. |
| backgroundColor | Color |
The fill color under the line. See Colors |
| borderWidth | Number |
The width of the line in pixels |
| borderColor | Color |
The color of the line. |
| borderCapStyle | String |
Cap style of the line. See MDN |
| borderDash | Array<Number> |
Length and spacing of dashes. See MDN |
| borderDashOffset | Number |
Offset for line dashes. See MDN |
| borderJoinStyle | String |
Line joint style. See MDN |
| pointBorderColor | Color or Array<Color> |
The border color for points. |
| pointBackgroundColor | Color or Array<Color> |
The fill color for points |
| pointBorderWidth | Number or Array<Number> |
The width of the point border in pixels |
| pointRadius | Number or Array<Number> |
The radius of the point shape. If set to 0, nothing is rendered. |
| pointHoverRadius | Number or Array<Number> |
The radius of the point when hovered |
| pointHitRadius | Number or Array<Number> |
The pixel size of the non-displayed point that reacts to mouse events |
| pointHoverBackgroundColor | Color or Array<Color> |
Point background color when hovered |
| pointHoverBorderColor | Color or Array<Color> |
Point border color when hovered |
| pointHoverBorderWidth | Number or Array<Number> |
Border width of point when hovered |
| pointStyle | String, Array<String>, Image, Array<Image> |
The style of point. Options are 'circle', 'triangle', 'rect', 'rectRot', 'cross', 'crossRot', 'star', 'line', and 'dash'. If the option is an image, that image is drawn on the canvas using drawImage . |
An example data object using these attributes is shown below.
var data = {
labels: ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July"],
datasets: [
{
label: "My First dataset",
fill: false,
lineTension: 0.1,
backgroundColor: "rgba(75,192,192,0.4)",
borderColor: "rgba(75,192,192,1)",
borderCapStyle: 'butt',
borderDash: [],
borderDashOffset: 0.0,
borderJoinStyle: 'miter',
pointBorderColor: "rgba(75,192,192,1)",
pointBackgroundColor: "#fff",
pointBorderWidth: 1,
pointHoverRadius: 5,
pointHoverBackgroundColor: "rgba(75,192,192,1)",
pointHoverBorderColor: "rgba(220,220,220,1)",
pointHoverBorderWidth: 2,
pointRadius: 1,
pointHitRadius: 10,
data: [65, 59, 80, 81, 56, 55, 40],
}
]
};
The line chart usually requires an array of labels. This labels are shown on the X axis. There must be one label for each data point. More labels than datapoints are allowed, in which case the line ends at the last data point. The data for line charts is broken up into an array of datasets. Each dataset has a colour for the fill, a colour for the line and colours for the points and strokes of the points. These colours are strings just like CSS. You can use RGBA, RGB, HEX or HSL notation.
The label key on each dataset is optional, and can be used when generating a scale for the chart.
The data passed to the chart can be passed in two formats. The most common method is to pass the data array as an array of numbers. In this case, the data.labels
array must be specified and must contain a label for each point.
The alternate is used for sparse datasets. Data is specified using an object containing x
and y
properties. This is used for scatter charts as documented below.
Scatter line charts can be created by changing the X axis to a linear axis. To use a scatter chart, data must be passed as objects containing X and Y properties. The example below creates a scatter chart with 3 points.
var scatterChart = new Chart(ctx, {
type: 'line',
data: {
datasets: [{
label: 'Scatter Dataset',
data: [{
x: -10,
y: 0
}, {
x: 0,
y: 10
}, {
x: 10,
y: 5
}]
}]
},
options: {
scales: {
xAxes: [{
type: 'linear',
position: 'bottom'
}]
}
}
});
These are the customisation options specific to Line charts. These options are merged with the global chart configuration options, and form the options of the chart.
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| showLines | Boolean | true | If false, the lines between points are not drawn |
You can override these for your Chart
instance by passing a member options
into the Line
method.
For example, we could have a line chart display without an X axis by doing the following. The config merge is smart enough to handle arrays so that you do not need to specify all axis settings to change one thing.
new Chart(ctx, {
type: 'line',
data: data,
options: {
scales: {
xAxes: [{
display: false
}]
}
}
});
We can also change these defaults values for each Line type that is created, this object is available at Chart.defaults.line
.
Stacked area charts can be created by setting the Y axis to a stacked configuration. The following example would have stacked lines.
var stackedLine = new Chart(ctx, {
type: 'line',
data: data,
options: {
scales: {
yAxes: [{
stacked: true
}]
}
}
});


Katie Hopkins forced to sell £1m home and now rents after losing libel case
Jack Monroe, food writer, journalist and activist, took Hopkins to court
by Emmeline Saunders, Emma GrimshawKatie Hopkins was forced to sell off her £1million Devon home (pictured below) and now rents after losing a humiliating court case.
The former Apprentice contestant, whose extreme views saw her sacked from two lucrative newspaper columns and her LBC radio show, has moved into rented accommodation so she can pay off a £500,000 legal bill after writer Jack Monroe sued her for libel and won, reports The Mirror.
Speaking to The Sunday Times, Hopkins said that speaking her mind lost her her career - having compared migrants crossing the Mediterranean in dinghies to "cockroaches" and claiming she'd use gunships to prevent people from landing on European shores.
"I live in a rented, modern, four-bedroom detached house with my husband Mark and our three children, aged 15, 14 and 10," she said.
"It's tucked out of the way for security reasons - our last home was rigged up to the local police station and had panic alarms fitted because of threats I received to my life.
"I was forced to sell it for £950,000 in early 2018 to pay off a legal bill in excess of £500,000."
After falsely accusing anti-poverty campaigner Jack Monroe of vandalising a war memorial Hopkins refused to settle out of court and instead fought the writer through the courts - this decision cost Katie her family home.
Asked what her worst business decision had been, she said: "Arguably, not settling the legal case brought against me.
"I could have settled by giving £5,000 to a migrant charity but chose not to, and the ensuing court action and legal bills forced me to apply for an individual voluntary arrangement ."
In September, Hopkins came under fire once again when Little Mix's Jesy Nelson cited her fat-shaming tweet as the point at which her depression spiralled out of control, leading to a suicide attempt.
In the BBC documentary Odd One Out, Jesy recalled how she came off stage after an X Factor performance in 2013 to read a tweet from Hopkins that read: "Packet Mix have still got a chubber in their ranks. Less Little Mix. More Pick n Mix."
Jesy revealed she'd not eaten for a week before her X Factor return in 2013 and was horrified when she saw what Hopkins said after the performance.
The Little Mix star said: "All I remember feeling at that time is what’s the f***ing point.
"I've starved myself for a week and I'm still getting called fat. I could be the skinniest girl in the world and this is never going to go away.
"That is the pinnacle point for me when I got severely depressed and it just spiralled out of control."
For the latest news in and around Bristol, check back on Bristol Live's homepage


--- layout: post title: 'The Equal Distribution of Wealth: Moral Perspectives' date: '2010-01-28 22:15:32 -0700' mt_id: 1438 blog_id: 1 post_id: 1438 basename: the-equal-distribution-of-wealth categories: - essays ---
The issue of income inequality has been a pernicious social problem in every country, except for the United States. Most nations have resorted to socialism in order to combat this problem, to no avail. Why is it that America, long lambasted by its critics and its friends alike for its incredible wealth, has never experienced social divisions along class lines to the fundamentality of other nations? Despite the efforts of many Americans, America has succeeded where others have failed because Americans have always clung to the cliché of the American dream—pulling oneself up by one's bootstraps, rags to riches, and the Horatio Alger story. Moreover, Americans have understood the nature and source of wealth on a scale that other nations have not. This is not to say that there have not been detractors; in fact, there have been times in American history when its detractors have succeeded. More and more people are coming over to the idea that the government should forcibly redistribute income from the rich to the poor. In order to get a broad perspective and understanding on these issues, we must understand the moral premises that underlie them and the practical application of these premises.
Anyone who believes that the State should take money from one person does so from within the moral confines of altruism. They may call it Christianity or Good Samaritanism or any of a host of other names. The essential nature of the doctrine they are upholding is altruism, nonetheless. This moral code states that no man has the right to exist for his own sake, that service to others is the standard of value, and that self-sacrifice is the highest value and virtue. To use a popular platitude, you are your brother's keeper. Politically, the doctrine of altruism lends itself to statism; the State supplanting the role of "others." You have no rights except that which the State grants you and your duty is to the State. Therefore, you have no moral right to your income or your wealth, others do. Since the State is the only instrument that can achieve the equal distribution of wealth, it is morally required to seize anything you make over your fair share.
The only consistent moral system that supports the capitalist system is that of Objectivism, the philosophy of Ayn Rand. Capitalism has been defended for centuries now, but the defense bought into the same premises as the attackers: altruism. Ayn Rand's is the first system that successfully integrates an ethics of egoism with the premises of capitalism. Her premises follow. The Law of Causality obtains. That is, every action has a cause that has a specific nature which limits the actions possible. Man, therefore, has a specific nature. Survival is specific for man in that he must perform a certain set of actions in order to survive. He cannot acquire nutrition and energy using the method of survival of the plant, i.e., using chlorophyll. He must get food and consume it to provide the energy necessary for continued existence. Food, however, does not just appear in his mouth. He must engage in a certain species of action, goal-directed action. The goal, in this case, being life itself. Life is the ultimate value because life is the precondition of all values and that which all lesser goals are the means.This goal-directed action presupposes a process of thought, since it is necessary to detail within the mind the steps necessary to enact in order to acquire the food. Granted, the process of thought involved in such an effort is low-level, but it is most clear at this level. Because a process of thought is necessarily the precursor to any action, we can say that reason is man's means of survival. A man can act without thought, but it amounts to mere motion, and a man can think without action, but it amounts to mere daydreaming. So, more properly, we should say that reason is man's basic means of survival. From the above, we can derive the good. If man is goal-directed and life is his ultimate value, then life must also be the standard of value, of good and bad. That which furthers man's pursuit of life, the life proper to man, is the good and that which hinders his quest of life is the bad. Therefore, since man has a certain means of survival and the good is that which furthers survival, we can say that which allows reason to flourish uninhibited is also the good. This is the derivation of the rights to life, liberty, and property. Man's mind, his means of survival, cannot function if man is condemned to death at whim, i.e., if the right to life is not secured. Similarly, man's mind cannot function if its content or expression in action is limited or restricted, the right to liberty.  Man must be able to occupy corporeal space. Moreover, man must be able to own the fruits of his mind's labor. How can life be pursued if one cannot own or ingest the food that one has acquired. This also hints at the fundamental evil, the initiation of force. The initiation of force is the only means by which man's mind may be limited or constricted. Possession of more money than someone else does not restrict the right of their mind to seek out means to even greater achievement than you. The government exists to secure and protect these three rights. The principle here is: you can do whatever your mind requires you to do so long as you do not infringe on other people's right to do the same. The assertion that the government should change its role from policeman to highwayman is repulsive to the notion of individual rights and reason. A compulsed mind is not free.
How is a fair and equal distribution of wealth to be achieved in American society? Sam Pizzigati, in his book The Maximum Wage, believes that "[n]o person in the United States shall be permitted to earn more than ten times the income earned by any other person."1 People earning less than the maximum wage, but more than the minimum would pay taxes on a scale from one to ten percent, depending on the distance of their wage from the minimum. Then, anything over the the maximum wage would be taxed at a marginal rate of one hundred percent. The rich pay their fair share and the poor don't have to scrounge for meals. Another redistribution scheme, promulgated by Milton Friedman, is the negative income tax. In this system, each taxpayer is allowed a certain amount, a personal allowance. Any income above this allowance is taxable, same as it is now. Any income below this allowance is subsidized to raise it up to this personal allowance. Thus, you've got the welfare system in that people are given money based on need, but you don't have the bureaucracy that comes with it. The solution to redistribution most often chosen is the welfare state. Every nation of the world that is not outright socialist or fascist has enacted the welfare state, to differing degrees. The American model of the welfare state guarantees a minimum wage, free (or cheap) medical care for the elderly and poor, cash payments to the elderly, the disabled, the unemployed, and poor families. It is based on a progressive tax, one whose marginal rates increase with income. It was originally envisioned as a safety net, whereby those displaced workers or temporarily poor could use it until they got back on their feet, but has since grown to become as comprehensive as the modern socialist states of the United Kingdom and Sweden. In fact, Sweden is heralded as the representative of equality. It guarantees a job at a living wage, provides free health care for all, free child care, and, sometimes, free housing and transportation. It has low unemployment, a high standard of living, little income inequality, and no overt signs of poverty.
The antipode has never really been enacted. The closest it ever came was during the Industrial Revolution in America. Freedom was well-respected, but upheld on unstable ground. There are four things that would have to occur in order to erase the welfare state. One, repeal the welfare state. End all aid programs, all handouts, and all social security programs. Two, eliminate taxation. The forcible robbery of the American citizenry must cease. To paraphrase Dworkin, a government that does not respect man's inalienable individual rights is insincere. Third, properly understand rights. If we do not, the welfare state will be back at the next populist legislator. Fourth and final, pare government down to its three functions that protect individual rights: legislature, police, and military. These three functions are the only proper ones of government. Everything else, from OSHA to the EPA, must go. Then, and only then, will you have a government dedicated to the original intent of the Founding Fathers and respectful of individual rights.
The welfare state and other redistributionist incarnations seek to acquire what others have produced without following the necessary causal sequence. They destroy the incentive to produce and undermine the only chance the poor have of rising above their situation. In a free market, "income is not distributed, it is produced."2
The advocates of an equal distribution of wealth say that the poor have no way to get out from under the weight of the rich. The very society they inhabit prevents them from doing so, from the quality of education they get to the opportunities available to them. Since private individuals and corporations have not fulfilled their duty of charity, it is up to the government to compel them to do so.
1 Pizzigati, Sam. The Maximum Wage. New York: The Apex Press, 1992. p. 77.
2 Skousen, Mark. Economics on Trial. Homewood, IL: Business One Irwin, 1991. p. 196.