The DVD is broken into two separate types of information: Navigation Data (control) and Presentation (object) data. Control data acts as pointers (like an operating system's File Allocation Table) to the actual video and audio object data on the disc.
In the DVD reference player model, Presentation and Navigation data packets are separated at the track buffer.
Control data can be expressed as a series of nested layers:
| Title | distinguishes multiple movies or TV episodes on one disc. Each title is one of two types: a single program chain (One_Sequential_PGC_Title) or a collection of different program chains (Multi_PGC_Title). |
| Program Chain | A collection of programs with, e.g., a particular theme in common. |
| Part_of_Title | Links to one or more Program (PG) units on the disc. Like PGC, this mechanism can be used to create different versions (camera angle, ratings, outcomes, etc.) of the same program chain. POTs can also be used to mark scenes. |
| Program | Usually a scene. Consists of multiple cells. |
| Cell | Preceded by a navigation packet, and alternating video and audio packets. A cell is typically all the video and audio data associated with an integer number of a group of pictures. |
| VOBU | Video Object Unit: nominally a group of pictures (GOP) |
| GOP |
1. smallest granularity of random access on disc (Group of pictures being
with a coded Intra frame) 2. largest interframe dependent coding unit. (Interframe compression is bounded within a GOP) Usually 15 display frames of data (0.5 seconds duration) for NTSC-rate (525/60) content. |
| Packet | DVD packets are 2048 bytes (sector payload size) large. As per MPEG-2 PES/Program streams, they contain data from only one data elementary stream (video, audio, etc.) |
| NAV packet | contains the optional Buttom-Command defining the playback behaviour of the current cell. |
A disc volume may contain up to 99 different titles, each with an initial Navigation Menu allowing the user to select among different versions of the title. The root menu which branches to all titles on the disc is coded within the Video Manager. Each title is organized as a Video Tile Set (VTS).
DVD: [VM][VTS #1][VTS #2] ..... [VTS #n] where n<=99
The VM's VMGI includes: Attributes for the Menu, Tile Search Pointers, and the PCGI for the Menu.
VM: [VMGI][VOBS for Menu][Back up for VMGI]
The Control Data (VTSI) for the title (VTS) includes: attributes for Menu, Attributes for Title, Part of Title Search Pointer, Time Map Table, PGCI for Menu, and PGCI for Title. The Video Objects (VOBS) contain the actual program chains, Part_of_Tiles, programs, and so forth.
VTS: [VTSI][VOBS for Menu][VOBS for Title][Back up for VTSI]
Legend: VM Video Manager: sets up menus for a series of titles (1 through n) VTS Video Tile Set: a collection of video objects. VMGI Video Manager Information: VOBS Video Object Set PGCI Program Chain Information
A title begins with the entry program chain (Entry PGC). It can branch to a single program chain (One_Sequential_PGC_Title) or multiple program chains (Multi_PGC_Title). The location of the branch is determined by the link condition.
The PGCI defines the playback order of Programs by acting as a table of addresses which point to the sector locations of the program cells on the DVD. A program cell is essentially a group of pictures (GOP), spanning multiple sectors, and contains the actual interleaved packets of compressed bits for video and audio data.
The Part_of_Title divides a title in a maximum of 99 different pieces. The intent of the PTT is aid in the construction of multiple versions of the same title.
One_Sequential_PCG_Title: The Part_of_Title and Program numbers are synchronized.
[ PTT #1 | PTT #2 | .... | PTT #n ] Part_of_Title [ [PG #1] | [PG #2] | .... | [PG #n] ] Program Chain (PGC) Multi_PGC_Title: branch PTT #2 --> [PG #1] (PGC1) PTT #3 PTT #m PTT #1 --> [PG #1] [PG #j] ... [PG #k] (PGC2) [PG #1] --> [PG #1] (PGC3)


--- layout: post title: 'Bourbon Neat with default column dropping - UPDATED ' date: '2013-12-12T11:59:00+00:00' tags: - bourbon - neat author: linnea tumblr_url: http://blog.seriousfox.co.uk/post/69796009517/bourbon-neat-with-default-column-dropping ---
We decided to move away from heavyweight class-based frameworks (like foundation/bootstrap) because
(Bootstrap isn’t really to blame but it can make things more complicated than they need to be)
So we settled on bourbon neat - it’s got exactly what we needed - a grid that we can customize on a per project basis.
Weaning yourself off Bootstrap can be hard, especially since it is pretty much invaluable for fast prototyping. The one thing I missed the most was not having to worry about my media-queries when it came to columns in a layout - and Bourbon Neat didn’t seem to come with this feature by default. So I came up with a little workaround.
Probably not the official way to do it, and if you find a simpler way, let me know!
I was trying to get my columns to drop to full width on resize like they do in http://neat.bourbon.io/examples/ without having to write
{% highlight sass %} @include media ($breakpoint-variable) { @include span-columns ($breakpoint-columns); } {% endhighlight %}on every div that I wanted to drop to full width by default on resize, so I came up with a neat little workaround:
{% highlight sass %} @mixin col($col-no, $shift-no, $media, $drop-to, $shift-to) { @include span-columns($col-no); @include shift($shift-no); @include media($media) { @include span-columns($drop-to); @include shift($shift-to); } } {% endhighlight %}Why all the code? Well, ignoring shift will cause major problems if you have collumns within the same outer-container - having the shift outside of this mediaquery definition will offset the next container with an uneven percentage, making it impossible to align any of your columns properly.
(P.S I suspect I will run into some snags with this solution as well, as my initial attempts at creating this function led to a lot of bafflement with the shift problem, but for now it’s the best solution I’ve found)
it will give you a nice bit of control, so for example, this is how we make a 6 column wide div, shifted by 2 columns, that drops to a 5 column with no shift on a tablet screen:
{% highlight sass %} .div { @include col (6, 2, $tablet, 5, 0) } {% endhighlight %}Bang tidy.


An IDE is an Integrated Development Environment. an IDE allows developers to work on code and test out, review, and debug that code. When working on our challenges, our go-to space has been working with our Editor (sublime) and the terminal (using IRB or Node) but an IDE let's you utilize both of these platforms in one place. Here's a set of resources you can use to test out your code in each of the languages we used in Phase 0.
pros it's pretty, and simple, it's also built into a site that helps you learn ruby, so if you are struggling, you can always use the lessons!
cons it's not built to let you edit your code AND run it, so you'll have problems using this for large sets of code.
pros this is an editor, console space with examples for you to use and a simple clean workspace to try out your code.
cons this site uses an old version of RUBY docs, so some of your code might not work.
IRB in your terminal, using your editor
Type 'irb' in terminal.
pros it returns instant result to code.
pros very much built like the Codeacademy Labs, this space lets you run code on lots of languages, not just ruby! you can save the copy of all your code in the editor and console history for your record.
cons in the same vein as the codeacademy labs, this is running an old version of Ruby.
pros This space is very commonly used to show code in StackOverflow, and has nice collab features, as well as tidy-up and JSHint, which will help you have clean and working code. It's a great place to test out JS code that works with HTML and CSS code.
cons it does not have a console window so you wont be able to see anything that prints to console.log.
pros in addition to HTML, CSS and JS window there is a console window to see everything going on in your code.
cons there's no line count, so the errors will not be easy to find. the share function doesnt really help you collaborate on your code.
Javascript console in browser
node
Type 'node' in terminal.
pros it returns instant result.
cons some code doesn't work like 'prompt'.
DOM console in browser
pros immediate view of what's going on with your code, and there is auto complete that helps you figure out what your options are.
cons you're building within your browser, and once you refresh, your changes are gone, don't forget to save your changes to your file!
pros collaborative features
cons freemium site, very heavily-featured site might be too much for starters.
DOM console in browser
pros immediate view of what's going on with your code, and there is auto complete that helps you figure out what your options are.
cons you're building within your browser, and once you refresh, your changes are gone, don't forget to save your changes to your file!


Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Why is the Wi-Fi so slow?
A: It's artificially slowed to 2 Mbps to save data.
Q: What can I, and can I not, do on this network?
A: Don't do things like YouTube. Otherwise, if you have to ask, it's probably a no.
Q: Who is doing this?
A: :)
Q: Can I remove people from the network?
A: No.
Q: Why do I keep disconnecting?
A: This network isn't online all the time. When you are in range, however, your device should automatically reconnect.


Stunnel
https://www.stunnel.org/
Proxy designed to add TLS encryption functionality
Example
Use as local proxy to communicate over HTTPS connection
Use with Netcat which doesn't support SSL
stunnel -c -d localhost:88 -r wahh-app.com:443


Just plug it in
Amazon launches the Echo Flex plug-in Alexa smart speaker in India for ₹2,999 ($42)
The plug-mounted Echo speaker was announced in September, alongside Alexa Glow and the Amazon Smart Oven.
by Babu MohanWhat you need to know
- Amazon has launched the Echo Flex in India.
- The plug-in smart speaker can now be pre-ordered online for ₹2,999 ($42).
- For a limited period, consumers in the country will be able to get a Wipro Smart LED bulb (9W) along with the Echo Flex at no additional cost.
Amazon today launched the Alexa-enabled Echo Flex in India. The Echo Flex is a plug-in smart speaker that offers pretty much the same functionality as other Echo speakers from the company.
The Amazon Echo Flex is now available for pre-order on Amazon.in for ₹2,999 ($42). Amazon says the compact plug-in smart speaker will begin shipping sometime next month. As part of a limited period offer, customers in India can get a 9W Wipro smart LED bulb worth ₹2,099 ($29) at no additional cost when purchasing the Echo Flex.
Unlike most other smart speakers, the Echo Flex can be plugged directly to a standard power outlet. Its compact size makes it ideal for places where there isn't enough space for larger smart speakers. With Alexa built-in, you will be able to access a world of information, check the weather, make calls hands-free, create daily reminders, check the news, and much more.
The Echo Flex is also compatible with smart lights and plugs from leading brands such as Philips, SYSKA LED, Oakter, TP-Link, and more. Once paired, you will be able to control them using just your voice. It includes a USB-A port as well, which can be used to charge your phone or add optional accessories.
 It offers great flexibility as well, with a USB-A port as well as a 3.5mm headphone jack. You also get control over your voice recordings and a microphone off button that disconnects the microphones electronically.
We may earn a commission for purchases using our links. Learn more.


--- layout: post current: post cover: assets/images/tags.jpg navigation: True title: First Test Post date: 2018-05-27 08:00:00 tags: [Statistics] class: post-template subclass: 'post tag-Statistics' author: DATAmadness mathjax: true ---
TEST POST iFrame 2 goes here
TEST - Trying to add mathjax to this post:
$$ r = h = \sqrt{\frac {1} {2}} = \sqrt{\frac {N} {N+1}} \sqrt{\frac {N+1} {2N}} $$
When you write a post, you can assign tags to help differentiate between categories of content. For example, you might tag some posts with News
and other posts with Cycling
, which would create two distinct categories of content listed on /tag/news/
and /tag/cycling/
, respectively.
If you tag a post with both News
and Cycling
- then it appears in both sections.
Tag archives are like dedicated home-pages for each category of content that you have. They have their own pages, their own RSS feeds, and can support their own cover images and meta data.
Inside the Ghost editor, you can drag and drop tags into a specific order. The first tag in the list is always given the most importance, and some themes will only display the primary tag (the first tag in the list) by default. So you can add the most important tag which you want to show up in your theme, but also add a bunch of related tags which are less important.
News, Cycling, Bart Stevens, Extreme Sports
In this example, News is the primary tag which will be displayed by the theme, but the post will also still receive all the other tags, and show up in their respective archives.
Sometimes you may want to assign a post a specific tag, but you don't necessarily want that tag appearing in the theme or creating an archive page. In Ghost, hashtags are private and can be used for special styling.
For example, if you sometimes publish posts with video content - you might want your theme to adapt and get rid of the sidebar for these posts, to give more space for an embedded video to fill the screen. In this case, you could use private tags to tell your theme what to do.
News, Cycling, #video
Here, the theme would assign the post publicly displayed tags of News
, and Cycling
- but it would also keep a private record of the post being tagged with #video
.
In your theme, you could then look for private tags conditionally and give them special formatting:
{% raw %}{{#post}}
{{#has tag="#video"}}
...markup for a nice big video post layout...
{{else}}
...regular markup for a post...
{{/has}}
{{/post}}
You can find documentation for theme development techniques like this and many more over on Ghost's extensive theme documentation.
{% endraw %}


Nelson Mandela,was the first democratically elected President of post Apartheid South Africa.He became President after serving 27 years in prison of the required sentenced 30 years for opposing the white minority government.He was released on 11th February 1990.
Four years later on 27th June,he became President and resigned in 1999 continued his advocacy in human rights.
He died on 05th December 2013 at the age of 95 from a lung infection but he left a legacy which is still a challenge for us to learn from and uphold.
Nelson Mandela,was an impeccable man and fascinatingly modest in his approach to the Presidency in contrast to the ill treatment he was subjected to,including hard labour that he endured while in prison.
The outgoing white minority government when he became President was weary of the governemt policies he was going to put in place thinking,they were going to be vindictive with vengeance,but he turned a new leaf advocating for a truthful reconciliation for a unified South Africa.
"Education is the Most Powerful Weapon that you can use to Change the World".
"And as We let Our Light Shine,We unconsciously give Other People Permission to do the Same."
"The Greatest Glory in Living lies not in Never Falling,But Rising Each Time We Fall."
"Courage is Not the Absence of Fear,But the Triumph Over it.A Brave man is Not He Who Doesn't Feel Afraid,But He Who Conquers the Fear."
"There is No Passion to Be found Playing Small,in Settling for a Life that is Less Than the One You are Capable of."


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This post is just my notes about Twelve-Factor Applications. You can consider it my extended version of the original website.
“Twelve-factor applications” is a methodology that focus mainly on developing software-as-a-service applications (or SAAS for short). Although that’s was the main concern, factors in this methodology can be used or inspire engineering practices in other types of software development.
Facor 1 - Codebase
One codebase tracked in revision control, many deploys.
- The App need to be tracked in a version controled system [e.g Git] generally refered to as code repo or repo for short.
- It is one-to-one mapping between the codebase and the app.
- If there is multiple codebases, then each one is an app. Collectively they may form a distributed system.
- Multiple apps can’t share the same codebase.
- If there is shared code that need to be used in multiple apps, the shared code should be refactored out into libraries and consumed in these applications using a dependency manager (Factor 2).
- If an app needs another repo as a subdirectory in it and you are using Git you may check Git Submodules. This is not recommended unless it is absoultely necessary.
- Using the same repo and application can be deployed (run) as many as we want (Dev, QA, Staging, Production).
- Usually different versions run on these enviroments.
- Different enviroments usually used to check different things with the aim to promote the code version to the next enviroment (until it reach production).
Facor 2 - Dependencies
Explicitly declare and isolate dependencies
- Most programming languages have a packing system to distribute libraries.
- The explicit dependencies declaration is to ensur that dependencies are uniformally installed on different enviroments.
- Application shouldn’t depend on the implicit existence of any system tools.
- Some programming language have different tools to install dependencies and to isolate their scope (Pip vs virtualenv). Others isolate dependencies’ scope to the current application (C# and Nuget)
Facor 3 - Config
Store config in the environment.
- Configurations are the only thing that change between deploys (Dev, QA, Staging, Production).
- examples : credentials, database location, proxy,..
- Configurations can’t be part of the application code. They need to be separate.
- Same code version deployed many times, configs may vary for each deployment.
- Configs can be stored in environment variables.
- Advantages:
- can’t mistakenly be checked into code repo.
- language and OS agnostic standard.
Facor 4 - Backing services
Treat backing services as attached resources
- A backing service is any service the app consumes over the network as part of its normal operation (e.g. database server, queuing system,..).
- Code shouldn’t local or 3rd party services.
- Application should be able to switch services based on configs without code change (Dev deploy uses on-premises database, where Production deploy uses AWS database).
- Services can be attached and detached from deploys at will without code change.
- Restoring a database backup or switching to another SMTP server at run-time.
Facor 5 - Build, release, run
Strictly separate build and run stages
- Code base is transformed to a deploy through three stages:
- Build : compile and build the code and its dependencies into executable and assets needed during runtime .
- Release : takes the build stage output and combine it with specific configs to be ready for immediate execution in an execution environment.
- Run : runs the application release in the intended execution environment.
- Each build, release, run should have a unique ID that link the three stages together for tracebility.
- Some applications use internal version ID to refer to that ID and distinguish it from the public version number.
- Some applications use the commit ID as the internal ID.
- Usually builds intiated by developer commits but subsequent stages maybe manual trigger.
Facor 6 - Processes
Execute the app as one or more stateless processes
- These processes are stateless and share-nothing
- Anything that needs to persist must be stored in a stateful backing service [database or shared files]
- Stateless means that app must not assume that anything is cached in memory or on disk while serving requests or jobs
Facor 7 - Port binding
Export services via port binding
- This is usually done using dependency declaration to add a webserver library to the app (Jetty for Java).
- 12 factors apps doesn’t depend on execution enviroments like web servers
- All services should be exposed by port binding, not only HTTP services
- This enables one app to become the backing service to another app.
Facor 8 - Concurrency
Scale out via the process model
- Processes are first class citizens
- Each workload type get assigned to a different process type (web process, worker process,…).
- App must be able to span multiple processes on multiple physical machines.
Facor 9 - Disposability
Maximize robustness with fast startup and graceful shutdown
Facor 10 - Dev/prod parity
Keep development, staging, and production as similar as possible
Facor 11 - Logs
Treat logs as event streams
Facor 12 - Admin processes
Run admin/management tasks as one-off processes
Related Posts


Unfortunately, the page you are looking for can't be found. A team of highly trained monkeys are searching for it as we speak. In the meantime, you can wait for them to finish here.


[WEB APP] An online tool for interactive visualization of wind dispersal landscapes.
[VISUALIZATION] Illustrating the geography of wind and climate change.
[WEB APP] The California Plant Phylodiversity Atlas.
[VISUALIZATION] Animating shifting sunlight over complex terrain.
[PAPER] Global wind patterns shape genetic differentiation, asymmetric gene flow, and genetic diversity in trees.
[PAPER] Global wind patterns and the vulnerability of wind-dispersed species to climate change
[PAPER] Multiple axes of ecological vulnerability to climate change.
[VISUALIZATION] Animating phylogenies in R.
[WEB APP] A predictive seed provenancing tool for ecological restoration.
[VISUALIZATION] A bit of algorithmic art.
[PAPER] Facets of phylodiversity: evolutionary diversification, divergence, and survival as conservation targets.
[VISUALIZATION] Exploring climate seasonality across space and time.
[R PACKAGE] Tools for taking advantage of 3D colorspace.
[WEB APP] Which populations bear the brunt of extreme weather? An interactive visualization.
[VISUALIZATION] An atlas of citizen naturalist observations.
[POSTER] Improving predictions of fog trends across space and time.
[VISUALIZATION] How will climate types migrate across space?
[WEB APP] A tool to explore seasonal water balance patterns.


Comments
-
Greg Hurrell
I agree this would be a good thing to have as an option. The only question is, how should it be done? When I say "how" I'm not so much referring to the technical implementation side as to the user interface side.
There a few options:
1. Remove the "Show root user" and "Open Accounts..." items when running under non-administrator accounts. In other words, it wouldn't be optional, but a blanket thing applied automatically.
2. As above, but instead of removing (hiding) the options, ghost them out.
3. As above, but instead of removing or ghosting, show a dialog when a non-administrator user tries to use them explaining why they can't do it.
4. As per "3", except instead of just showing the dialog actually prompt for a password and allow them access if they enter it correctly. This one is slightly tricky and I am not all that inclined to do it.
5. Provide a special user interface for admin users which allows them to manage the privileges of non- admin users. This could mean having white lists (non-admin users on the list have the privileges but all others don't), black lists (users on the list don't have the privilege if they're on the list, otherwise they do), or a simple check box which turned the privileges on/off for all non-admin users at once.
6. Permit the same kind of customization, but instead of developing a full-blown UI for it make it a command-line-only feature.
There are a couple of questions to be resolved in the cases of options "5" and "6". Like, what happens if one admin tries to set things up a certain way and another tries another way? How is the conflict resolved? How are these system-wide preferences managed in a way that only admin users can change them? Do we have an admin-group writable prefs file in /Library/Preferences/?
Basically, I would want to come up with a proposal that is both elegant (ie. it works simply and it works well) and flexible (ie. it works in a way that everyone is happy with). I don't think it will be that easy, but perhaps through discussion here we can come up with a good plan.
Marking as ASSIGNED.
-
DaMacGuy
This is why you're a developer - I don't think I would have thought of more than half of those options. (grin)
If I had to pick three of those options I'd consider 1, 2, and 4.
1 offers the ability to not confuse users without access to change the options.
2 offers the ability for a user with admin access who migh tbe logged in as another user to recognize that he needs to change to another account.
4 allows the user from 2 to have the ability to still make the change w/out resorting to switching accounts.
Whichever is easiest to implement.
(In reply to comment #1)
I agree this would be a good thing to have as an option. The only question is, how should it be done? When I say "how" I'm not so much referring to the technical implementation side as to the user interface side.
There a few options:
1. Remove the "Show root user" and "Open Accounts..." items when running under non-administrator accounts. In other words, it wouldn't be optional, but a blanket thing applied automatically.
2. As above, but instead of removing (hiding) the options, ghost them out.
3. As above, but instead of removing or ghosting, show a dialog when a non-administrator user tries
to
use them explaining why they can't do it.
4. As per "3", except instead of just showing the dialog actually prompt for a password and allow
them
access if they enter it correctly. This one is slightly tricky and I am not all that inclined to do it.
5. Provide a special user interface for admin users which allows them to manage the privileges of
non-
admin users. This could mean having white lists (non-admin users on the list have the privileges but
all
others don't), black lists (users on the list don't have the privilege if they're on the list, otherwise they do), or a simple check box which turned the privileges on/off for all non-admin users at once.
6. Permit the same kind of customization, but instead of developing a full-blown UI for it make it a command-line-only feature.
There are a couple of questions to be resolved in the cases of options "5" and "6". Like, what
happens
if one admin tries to set things up a certain way and another tries another way? How is the conflict resolved? How are these system-wide preferences managed in a way that only admin users can
change
them? Do we have an admin-group writable prefs file in /Library/Preferences/?
Basically, I would want to come up with a proposal that is both elegant (ie. it works simply and it
works
well) and flexible (ie. it works in a way that everyone is happy with). I don't think it will be that easy,
but
perhaps through discussion here we can come up with a good plan.
Marking as ASSIGNED.
-
Greg Hurrell
Changing assignment to reflect my new email address.
http://wincent.com/a/news/archives/2006/05/change_of_email.php
-
Greg Hurrell
I'm marking all WinSwitch issues closed seeing as I personally no longer use it, and in fact haven't for around 4 years now.
WinSwitch addressed a real problem with the initial implementation of Fast User Switching in Panther (released October 2003), namely, the excessive screen real estate that it chewed up. Apple fixed that problem in Tiger, if I recall correctly, which came out in April 2005 (or if I'm wrong about it being Tiger, then it was definitely fixed by the time Leopard came out, in October 2007).
With this change, most of the justification for WinSwitch's existence went away, at least for me. So that's why I'm going to close all these tickets: I can't really support something that I don't use myself.
But it's open source (see http://git.wincent.com/WinSwitch.git), so if any one wants to tackle any of these issues and submit patches, I'll be happy to accept them.
-
Greg Hurrell
Status changed:
- From: new
- To: closed
Add a comment
Comments are now closed for this issue.


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Validation Class
The Validation class helps you validate user input, if you want to
create a form & its validation at the same time use the Fieldset class instead.
Configuration
Optionally, the validation class can be configured through the
global application configuration file, app/config/config.php.
Define a section called 'validation', in which the
following settings can be defined:
| Variable |
Type |
Default |
Description |
| no_errors |
string |
''
|
String to return if no validation errors were
discovered. |
| open_list |
string |
'
'
|
String to be prepended to the list of errors. Usually
this is some form of HTML to format the list. By default, it's
formatted as an unordered list. |
| close_list |
string |
'
'
|
String to be appended to the list of errors. |
| open_error |
string |
'
'
|
String to be prepended to each individual error message. |
| close_error |
string |
'
'
|
String to be appended to each individual error message. |
| quote_label |
boolean |
false
|
If true, and the label of the validated field contains
spaces, the label will be enclosed in double quotes for enhanced
readability. |
| global_input_fallback |
boolean |
true
|
If true, and value is not found in input array, the
value will fall back to Input::param. |
If one or more of these values are missing from the global
configuration, the class will use the defaults as defined in this
table.
Usage
To start validation you need to create an object, this can be
the default object named "default" or you can name it if you need
multiple validation objects.
// Use default
$val = Validation::forge();
// ... or name it
$val = Validation::forge('my_validation');
After having it instantiated you can start adding fields to
it. This works exactly like the when using the Fieldset class,
however here we'll only document the preferred usage.
$val = Validation::forge('my_validation');
// Add a field for username, give it the label "Your username" and make it required
$val->add('username', 'Your username')->add_rule('required');
// Now add another field for password, and require it to contain at least 3 and at most 10 characters
$val->add('password', 'Your password')->add_rule('required')
->add_rule('min_length', 3)
->add_rule('max_length', 10);
The first parameter of the add_rule() method can contain PHP
native function names, any valid PHP callback and Closures in
addition to the provided validation methods. The method will get
the value to be validated as its first argument and any further
arguments can be given to the add_rule() method.
We also provide a shorter syntax which is very limited in
comparison. It will not accept array-callbacks, closures or
parameters other than strings. You can also not use the pipe symbol
in your pattern when you use the 'match_pattern' rule, as that is
used to separate the defined rules.
// The same fields as the example above
$val = Validation::forge('my_validation');
$val->add_field('username', 'Your username', 'required');
$val->add_field('password', 'Your password', 'required|min_length[3]|max_length[10]');
Once all the fields have been added you can run your
validation. This will default to $_POST input, but can be extended
and overwritten when given an input array.
// run validation on just post
if ($val->run())
{
// process your stuff when validation succeeds
}
else
{
// validation failed
}
// alternative to above, overwriting the username in post, password will still be sought in post
if ($val->run(array('username' => 'something')))
When validation is ran there are three methods available for
information about the input:
// get an array of successfully validated fields => value pairs
$vars = $val->validated();
// get an array of validation errors as field => error pairs
$errors = $val->error();
// get an array of the input that was validated, this merged the post & input given to run()
$input = $val->input();
// all these methods can also get just the value for a single field
$var = $val->validated('username');
Validation can also run partially, in that case even required
fields are ignored when they're not in POST or the input given to
run(). One does this by setting the 2nd parameter of run to true.
// this will only validate the password when username isn't present in post
$val->run(array('password' => 'whatever'), true);
Validation rules
Note that all methods (even min_length) will also return true
on empty input. To also require the field you must add the rule
"required" as well.
All these rules can be used like below:
// example normal usage with rule without and one with params
$val->add('email', 'Email address')->add_rule('match_value'<EMAIL_ADDRESS>true)->add_rule('valid_email');
$val->add_field('email', 'Email address', 'match_value[me@mydomain.com,1]|valid_email');
Rules table
| required |
(none) |
The field must be set and have been given something
other than null, false or empty string.
|
| required_with |
$fieldname |
The field must be set if the field with the given $fieldname
is set.
|
| match_value |
$compare, $strict = false |
The field input must match $compare, will be
done using == unless 2nd parameter is also given as true (then
=== is used).
|
| match_pattern |
$pattern |
Will try to match the value against the given $pattern
which must be a full PREG regex.
Note: you can NOT use the
pipe symbol (|) in your pattern when you're using short syntax,
as that symbol is used to split the rules in the string.
|
| match_field |
$field |
Will try to match the field to the field with the given
fieldname, the matching is done using ===.
Important: you can only match against a field
that was added before the field this rule is added to.
|
| min_length |
$length |
Tests whether the string contains at least $length's
number of character.
|
| max_length |
$length |
Tests whether the string contains no more than $length's
number of character.
|
| exact_length |
$length |
Tests whether the string has precisely $length's
number of character.
|
| valid_date |
$format, $strict = true |
Validates if the given input is a valid date format. If
the $format parameter is given then validates using
specified format. Will check date strict (example, leap year)
unless 2nd parameter is given as false.
|
| valid_email |
(none) |
Validates if the given input is a valid email address. |
| valid_emails |
$separator (optional) |
Validates multiple email addresses separated by commas
(or $separator).
|
| valid_url |
(none) |
Validates if the given input is a valid URL. |
| valid_ip |
(none) |
Validates if the given input is a valid IP. |
| numeric_min |
$min_val |
Tests whether the given input is a number that is
greater than $min_val, it does not check or cast the
input to a numeric value so any non-numeric value will be
considered to be zero. Use the PHP function is_numeric
to check that first.
|
| numeric_max |
$max_val |
Tests whether the given input is a number that is
smaller than $max_val. (see note about non-numeric
values with numeric_min rule)
|
| numeric_between |
$min_val, $max_val |
Tests whether the given input is a number that is
between than $min_val and $max_val. (see
note about non-numeric values with numeric_min rule)
Important: specified numbers are included in
the range.
|
| valid_string |
$flags = array('alpha', 'utf8') |
See below. |
Valid string rule
Validates whether a string adheres to the conditions set by
the $flags parameter. The accepted flags are:
| alpha |
Allow alphabetical characters. |
| uppercase |
Used in combination with alpha to only allow uppercase
characters. |
| lowercase |
Used in combination with alpha to only allow lowercase
characters. |
| numeric |
Allow numeric characters. |
| spaces |
Allow normal spaces. |
| newlines |
Allow newline character. |
| tabs |
Allow tabs. |
| dots |
Allow dots. |
| commas |
Allow commas. |
| punctuation |
Allow dots, commas, exclamation marks, question marks,
colons and semi-colons. |
| dashes |
Allow dashes and underscores. |
| singlequotes |
Allow single quotes. |
| doublequotes |
Allow double quotes. |
| quotes |
Allow single and double quotes. |
| brackets |
Allow open and close brackets. |
| braces |
Allow open and close curly braces. |
| utf8 |
Adds UTF8 modifier to regex. |
Extending the Validation class
There are few approaches to extend the validation class:
1. To extend the core class like described in the Extending Core
Classes
2. To create a class in app/classes/myrules.php (for
example)
// app/classes/myrules.php
class MyRules
{
// note this is a static method
public static function _validation_unique($val, $options)
{
list($table, $field) = explode('.', $options);
$result = DB::select("LOWER (\"$field\")")
->where($field, '=', Str::lower($val))
->from($table)->execute();
return ! ($result->count() > 0);
}
// note this is a non-static method
public function _validation_is_upper($val)
{
return $val === strtoupper($val);
}
}
// and call it like:
$val = Validation::forge();
// Note the difference between static and non-static validation rules:
// Add it staticly, will only be able to use static methods
$val->add_callable('MyRules');
// Adds it non-static, will be able to use both static and non-static methods
$val->add_callable(new MyRules());
$val->add('username', 'Your username', array(), array('trim', 'strip_tags', 'required', 'is_upper'))
->add_rule('unique', 'users.username');
3. Calling callbacks from a model. It works like a method
described above, but we only need to call it in other way:
$val = Validation::forge();
$val->add_model('Model_User');
Note: You need the '_validation_' prefix for a
method to be available in validation.
Note: if you pass the class name as a string, the
validation method must be defined as static. If the method is not
static, you will have to pass an object instance as callable().
It can be useful to use Validation::active()
and Validation::active_field()
to get the currently active validation instance and field currently
being validated, respectively.
For example, in the above you could do:
public static function _validation_unique($val, $options)
{
Validation::active()->set_message('unique', 'The field :label must be unique, but :value has already been used');
...
}


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See: Description
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| ArgUtil |
Simple static utility class that contains (static) utility methods useful
when parsing non-typesafe arguments (String-only configuration, command
line args).
|
| BaseNsContext |
Abstract base class that defines extra features defined by most
NamespaceContext implementations Wodstox uses.
|
| BijectiveNsMap |
Helper class that implements "bijective map" (Map that allows use of values
as keys and vice versa, bidirectional access), and is specifically
used for storing namespace binding information.
|
| DataUtil | |
| DefaultXmlSymbolTable |
Factory class used for instantiating pre-populated XML symbol
tables.
|
| ElementId |
Simple container Object used to store information about id attribute
values, and references to such (as of yet undefined) values.
|
| ElementIdMap |
This class is a specialized type-safe linked hash map used for
storing
ElementId instances. |
| EmptyNamespaceContext |
Dummy
NamespaceContext (and BaseNsContext )
implementation that is usually used in
non-namespace-aware mode. |
| ExceptionUtil | |
| InternCache |
Singleton class that implements "fast intern" functionality, essentially
adding a layer that caches Strings that have been previously intern()ed,
but that probably shouldn't be added to symbol tables.
|
| PrefixedName |
Simple key Object to be used for storing/accessing of potentially namespace
scoped element and attribute names.
|
| SimpleCache<K,V> |
Simple Map implementation usable for caches where contents do not
expire, but where size needs to remain bounded.
|
| StringUtil | |
| StringVector |
Data container similar
List (from storage perspective),
but that can be used in multiple ways. |
| SymbolTable |
This class is a kind of specialized type-safe Map, from char array to
String value.
|
| TextAccumulator |
Simple utility class used to efficiently accumulate and concatenate
text passed in various forms
|
| TextBuffer |
TextBuffer is a class similar to
StringBuilder , with
following differences:
TextBuffer uses segments character arrays, to avoid having
to do additional array copies when array is not big enough. |
| TextBuilder |
Class similar to
StringBuilder , except that it can be used to
construct multiple Strings, that will share same underlying character
buffer. |
| URLUtil | |
| WordResolver |
A specialized Map/Symbol table - like data structure that can be used
for both checking whether a word (passed in as a char array) exists
in certain set of words AND getting that word as a String.
|
| WordSet |
An efficient (both memory and time) implementation of a Set used to
verify that a given
word is contained within the set.
|
| XmlChars |
Simple utility class that encapsulates logic of determining validity
of characters outside basic 7-bit range of Unicode, for XML 1.0
|
Note that some of more generic classes may eventually be moved to more
generic packages under com.ctc
package.
Copyright © 2020 FasterXML. All rights reserved.


The change you wanted was rejected!
Maybe you tried to change something you didn’t have access to. You can always go to home page instead.
— Quadro Team
Maybe you tried to change something you didn’t have access to. You can always go to home page instead.
— Quadro Team


Use prepared statements to execute SQL queries. Do not generate SQL statements directly from user input.
Prepared statements mitigate the number one risk for database-facing Web applications: SQL injection. This powerful attack is language independent, as it depends on the algorithm used to generate SQL strings passed to the database and affects the database engine, not the actual application. It exploits the creation of the SQL string, in which user input is embedded manually with escape sequences (such as the single quote (') or double quote (") characters). Using this method, an attacker inserts valid SQL statement fragments as part of user input so they, in turn, are embedded within the SQL query that is submitted to the database engine for execution. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to potentially compromise the entire database and often the underlying operating system.
Prepared statements offer a simple yet efficient mitigation since they automatically contain user-input in a non-escaped form, passing the input as parameters, much like a function call. By parameterizing input parameters and type-enforcing them, user input is effectively filtered.
Type-safe SQL parameters should be used whenever SQL statements need to be executed by the database.
To use prepared statements to prevent SQL injection, follow these steps:


AccessReviewScheduleDefinition extends Entity
AccessReviewScheduleDefinition class
Tags
Table of Contents
- $_propDict : array<string|int, mixed>
- The array of properties available to the model
- __construct() : mixed
- Construct a new Entity
- getCreatedBy() : UserIdentity|null
- Gets the createdBy User who created this review. Read-only.
- getCreatedDateTime() : DateTime|null
- Gets the createdDateTime Timestamp when the access review series was created. Supports $select and $orderBy. Read-only.
- getDescriptionForAdmins() : string|null
- Gets the descriptionForAdmins Description provided by review creators to provide more context of the review to admins. Supports $select.
- getDescriptionForReviewers() : string|null
- Gets the descriptionForReviewers Description provided by review creators to provide more context of the review to reviewers. Reviewers will see this description in the email sent to them requesting their review. Email notifications support up to 256 characters. Supports $select.
- getDisplayName() : string|null
- Gets the displayName Name of the access review series. Supports $select and $orderBy. Required on create.
- getFallbackReviewers() : array<string|int, mixed>|null
- Gets the fallbackReviewers This collection of reviewer scopes is used to define the list of fallback reviewers. These fallback reviewers will be notified to take action if no users are found from the list of reviewers specified. This could occur when either the group owner is specified as the reviewer but the group owner does not exist, or manager is specified as reviewer but a user's manager does not exist. See accessReviewReviewerScope. Replaces backupReviewers. Supports $select.
- getId() : string|null
- Gets the id Read-only.
- getInstanceEnumerationScope() : AccessReviewScope|null
- Gets the instanceEnumerationScope This property is required when scoping a review to guest users' access across all Microsoft 365 groups and determines which Microsoft 365 groups are reviewed. Each group will become a unique accessReviewInstance of the access review series. For supported scopes, see accessReviewScope. Supports $select. For examples of options for configuring instanceEnumerationScope, see Configure the scope of your access review definition using the Microsoft Graph API.
- getInstances() : array<string|int, mixed>|null
- Gets the instances If the accessReviewScheduleDefinition is a recurring access review, instances represent each recurrence. A review that does not recur will have exactly one instance. Instances also represent each unique resource under review in the accessReviewScheduleDefinition. If a review has multiple resources and multiple instances, each resource will have a unique instance for each recurrence.
- getLastModifiedDateTime() : DateTime|null
- Gets the lastModifiedDateTime Timestamp when the access review series was last modified. Supports $select. Read-only.
- getODataType() : string|null
- Gets the ODataType
- getProperties() : array<string|int, mixed>
- Gets the property dictionary of the Entity
- getReviewers() : array<string|int, mixed>|null
- Gets the reviewers This collection of access review scopes is used to define who are the reviewers. The reviewers property is only updatable if individual users are assigned as reviewers. Required on create. Supports $select. For examples of options for assigning reviewers, see Assign reviewers to your access review definition using the Microsoft Graph API.
- getScope() : AccessReviewScope|null
- Gets the scope Defines the entities whose access is reviewed. For supported scopes, see accessReviewScope. Required on create. Supports $select and $filter (contains only). For examples of options for configuring scope, see Configure the scope of your access review definition using the Microsoft Graph API.
- getSettings() : AccessReviewScheduleSettings|null
- Gets the settings The settings for an access review series, see type definition below. Supports $select. Required on create.
- getStatus() : string|null
- Gets the status This read-only field specifies the status of an access review. The typical states include Initializing, NotStarted, Starting, InProgress, Completing, Completed, AutoReviewing, and AutoReviewed. Supports $select, $orderby, and $filter (eq only). Read-only.
- jsonSerialize() : array<string|int, mixed>
- Serializes the object by property array Manually serialize DateTime into RFC3339 format
- setCreatedBy() : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
- Sets the createdBy User who created this review. Read-only.
- setCreatedDateTime() : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
- Sets the createdDateTime Timestamp when the access review series was created. Supports $select and $orderBy. Read-only.
- setDescriptionForAdmins() : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
- Sets the descriptionForAdmins Description provided by review creators to provide more context of the review to admins. Supports $select.
- setDescriptionForReviewers() : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
- Sets the descriptionForReviewers Description provided by review creators to provide more context of the review to reviewers. Reviewers will see this description in the email sent to them requesting their review. Email notifications support up to 256 characters. Supports $select.
- setDisplayName() : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
- Sets the displayName Name of the access review series. Supports $select and $orderBy. Required on create.
- setFallbackReviewers() : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
- Sets the fallbackReviewers This collection of reviewer scopes is used to define the list of fallback reviewers. These fallback reviewers will be notified to take action if no users are found from the list of reviewers specified. This could occur when either the group owner is specified as the reviewer but the group owner does not exist, or manager is specified as reviewer but a user's manager does not exist. See accessReviewReviewerScope. Replaces backupReviewers. Supports $select.
- setId() : Entity
- Sets the id Read-only.
- setInstanceEnumerationScope() : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
- Sets the instanceEnumerationScope This property is required when scoping a review to guest users' access across all Microsoft 365 groups and determines which Microsoft 365 groups are reviewed. Each group will become a unique accessReviewInstance of the access review series. For supported scopes, see accessReviewScope. Supports $select. For examples of options for configuring instanceEnumerationScope, see Configure the scope of your access review definition using the Microsoft Graph API.
- setInstances() : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
- Sets the instances If the accessReviewScheduleDefinition is a recurring access review, instances represent each recurrence. A review that does not recur will have exactly one instance. Instances also represent each unique resource under review in the accessReviewScheduleDefinition. If a review has multiple resources and multiple instances, each resource will have a unique instance for each recurrence.
- setLastModifiedDateTime() : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
- Sets the lastModifiedDateTime Timestamp when the access review series was last modified. Supports $select. Read-only.
- setODataType() : Entity
- Sets the ODataType
- setReviewers() : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
- Sets the reviewers This collection of access review scopes is used to define who are the reviewers. The reviewers property is only updatable if individual users are assigned as reviewers. Required on create. Supports $select. For examples of options for assigning reviewers, see Assign reviewers to your access review definition using the Microsoft Graph API.
- setScope() : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
- Sets the scope Defines the entities whose access is reviewed. For supported scopes, see accessReviewScope. Required on create. Supports $select and $filter (contains only). For examples of options for configuring scope, see Configure the scope of your access review definition using the Microsoft Graph API.
- setSettings() : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
- Sets the settings The settings for an access review series, see type definition below. Supports $select. Required on create.
- setStatus() : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
- Sets the status This read-only field specifies the status of an access review. The typical states include Initializing, NotStarted, Starting, InProgress, Completing, Completed, AutoReviewing, and AutoReviewed. Supports $select, $orderby, and $filter (eq only). Read-only.
Properties
$_propDict
The array of properties available to the model
protected
array<string|int, mixed>
$_propDict
Methods
__construct()
Construct a new Entity
public
__construct([array<string|int, mixed> $propDict = array() ]) : mixed
Parameters
- $propDict : array<string|int, mixed> = array()
-
A list of properties to set
Return values
mixed —getCreatedBy()
Gets the createdBy User who created this review. Read-only.
public
getCreatedBy() : UserIdentity|null
Return values
UserIdentity|null —The createdBy
getCreatedDateTime()
Gets the createdDateTime Timestamp when the access review series was created. Supports $select and $orderBy. Read-only.
public
getCreatedDateTime() : DateTime|null
Return values
DateTime|null —The createdDateTime
getDescriptionForAdmins()
Gets the descriptionForAdmins Description provided by review creators to provide more context of the review to admins. Supports $select.
public
getDescriptionForAdmins() : string|null
Return values
string|null —The descriptionForAdmins
getDescriptionForReviewers()
Gets the descriptionForReviewers Description provided by review creators to provide more context of the review to reviewers. Reviewers will see this description in the email sent to them requesting their review. Email notifications support up to 256 characters. Supports $select.
public
getDescriptionForReviewers() : string|null
Return values
string|null —The descriptionForReviewers
getDisplayName()
Gets the displayName Name of the access review series. Supports $select and $orderBy. Required on create.
public
getDisplayName() : string|null
Return values
string|null —The displayName
getFallbackReviewers()
Gets the fallbackReviewers This collection of reviewer scopes is used to define the list of fallback reviewers. These fallback reviewers will be notified to take action if no users are found from the list of reviewers specified. This could occur when either the group owner is specified as the reviewer but the group owner does not exist, or manager is specified as reviewer but a user's manager does not exist. See accessReviewReviewerScope. Replaces backupReviewers. Supports $select.
public
getFallbackReviewers() : array<string|int, mixed>|null
Return values
array<string|int, mixed>|null —The fallbackReviewers
getId()
Gets the id Read-only.
public
getId() : string|null
Return values
string|null —The id
getInstanceEnumerationScope()
Gets the instanceEnumerationScope This property is required when scoping a review to guest users' access across all Microsoft 365 groups and determines which Microsoft 365 groups are reviewed. Each group will become a unique accessReviewInstance of the access review series. For supported scopes, see accessReviewScope. Supports $select. For examples of options for configuring instanceEnumerationScope, see Configure the scope of your access review definition using the Microsoft Graph API.
public
getInstanceEnumerationScope() : AccessReviewScope|null
Return values
AccessReviewScope|null —The instanceEnumerationScope
getInstances()
Gets the instances If the accessReviewScheduleDefinition is a recurring access review, instances represent each recurrence. A review that does not recur will have exactly one instance. Instances also represent each unique resource under review in the accessReviewScheduleDefinition. If a review has multiple resources and multiple instances, each resource will have a unique instance for each recurrence.
public
getInstances() : array<string|int, mixed>|null
Return values
array<string|int, mixed>|null —The instances
getLastModifiedDateTime()
Gets the lastModifiedDateTime Timestamp when the access review series was last modified. Supports $select. Read-only.
public
getLastModifiedDateTime() : DateTime|null
Return values
DateTime|null —The lastModifiedDateTime
getODataType()
Gets the ODataType
public
getODataType() : string|null
Return values
string|null —The ODataType
getProperties()
Gets the property dictionary of the Entity
public
getProperties() : array<string|int, mixed>
Return values
array<string|int, mixed> —The list of properties
getReviewers()
Gets the reviewers This collection of access review scopes is used to define who are the reviewers. The reviewers property is only updatable if individual users are assigned as reviewers. Required on create. Supports $select. For examples of options for assigning reviewers, see Assign reviewers to your access review definition using the Microsoft Graph API.
public
getReviewers() : array<string|int, mixed>|null
Return values
array<string|int, mixed>|null —The reviewers
getScope()
Gets the scope Defines the entities whose access is reviewed. For supported scopes, see accessReviewScope. Required on create. Supports $select and $filter (contains only). For examples of options for configuring scope, see Configure the scope of your access review definition using the Microsoft Graph API.
public
getScope() : AccessReviewScope|null
Return values
AccessReviewScope|null —The scope
getSettings()
Gets the settings The settings for an access review series, see type definition below. Supports $select. Required on create.
public
getSettings() : AccessReviewScheduleSettings|null
Return values
AccessReviewScheduleSettings|null —The settings
getStatus()
Gets the status This read-only field specifies the status of an access review. The typical states include Initializing, NotStarted, Starting, InProgress, Completing, Completed, AutoReviewing, and AutoReviewed. Supports $select, $orderby, and $filter (eq only). Read-only.
public
getStatus() : string|null
Return values
string|null —The status
jsonSerialize()
Serializes the object by property array Manually serialize DateTime into RFC3339 format
public
jsonSerialize() : array<string|int, mixed>
Return values
array<string|int, mixed> —The list of properties
setCreatedBy()
Sets the createdBy User who created this review. Read-only.
public
setCreatedBy(UserIdentity $val) : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
Parameters
- $val : UserIdentity
-
The createdBy
Return values
AccessReviewScheduleDefinition —setCreatedDateTime()
Sets the createdDateTime Timestamp when the access review series was created. Supports $select and $orderBy. Read-only.
public
setCreatedDateTime(DateTime $val) : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
Parameters
- $val : DateTime
-
The createdDateTime
Return values
AccessReviewScheduleDefinition —setDescriptionForAdmins()
Sets the descriptionForAdmins Description provided by review creators to provide more context of the review to admins. Supports $select.
public
setDescriptionForAdmins(string $val) : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
Parameters
- $val : string
-
The descriptionForAdmins
Return values
AccessReviewScheduleDefinition —setDescriptionForReviewers()
Sets the descriptionForReviewers Description provided by review creators to provide more context of the review to reviewers. Reviewers will see this description in the email sent to them requesting their review. Email notifications support up to 256 characters. Supports $select.
public
setDescriptionForReviewers(string $val) : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
Parameters
- $val : string
-
The descriptionForReviewers
Return values
AccessReviewScheduleDefinition —setDisplayName()
Sets the displayName Name of the access review series. Supports $select and $orderBy. Required on create.
public
setDisplayName(string $val) : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
Parameters
- $val : string
-
The displayName
Return values
AccessReviewScheduleDefinition —setFallbackReviewers()
Sets the fallbackReviewers This collection of reviewer scopes is used to define the list of fallback reviewers. These fallback reviewers will be notified to take action if no users are found from the list of reviewers specified. This could occur when either the group owner is specified as the reviewer but the group owner does not exist, or manager is specified as reviewer but a user's manager does not exist. See accessReviewReviewerScope. Replaces backupReviewers. Supports $select.
public
setFallbackReviewers(AccessReviewReviewerScope $val) : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
Parameters
- $val : AccessReviewReviewerScope
-
The fallbackReviewers
Return values
AccessReviewScheduleDefinition —setId()
Sets the id Read-only.
public
setId(string $val) : Entity
Parameters
- $val : string
-
The id
Return values
Entity —setInstanceEnumerationScope()
Sets the instanceEnumerationScope This property is required when scoping a review to guest users' access across all Microsoft 365 groups and determines which Microsoft 365 groups are reviewed. Each group will become a unique accessReviewInstance of the access review series. For supported scopes, see accessReviewScope. Supports $select. For examples of options for configuring instanceEnumerationScope, see Configure the scope of your access review definition using the Microsoft Graph API.
public
setInstanceEnumerationScope(AccessReviewScope $val) : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
Parameters
- $val : AccessReviewScope
-
The instanceEnumerationScope
Return values
AccessReviewScheduleDefinition —setInstances()
Sets the instances If the accessReviewScheduleDefinition is a recurring access review, instances represent each recurrence. A review that does not recur will have exactly one instance. Instances also represent each unique resource under review in the accessReviewScheduleDefinition. If a review has multiple resources and multiple instances, each resource will have a unique instance for each recurrence.
public
setInstances(AccessReviewInstance $val) : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
Parameters
- $val : AccessReviewInstance
-
The instances
Return values
AccessReviewScheduleDefinition —setLastModifiedDateTime()
Sets the lastModifiedDateTime Timestamp when the access review series was last modified. Supports $select. Read-only.
public
setLastModifiedDateTime(DateTime $val) : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
Parameters
- $val : DateTime
-
The lastModifiedDateTime
Return values
AccessReviewScheduleDefinition —setODataType()
Sets the ODataType
public
setODataType(string $val) : Entity
Parameters
- $val : string
-
The ODataType
Return values
Entity —setReviewers()
Sets the reviewers This collection of access review scopes is used to define who are the reviewers. The reviewers property is only updatable if individual users are assigned as reviewers. Required on create. Supports $select. For examples of options for assigning reviewers, see Assign reviewers to your access review definition using the Microsoft Graph API.
public
setReviewers(AccessReviewReviewerScope $val) : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
Parameters
- $val : AccessReviewReviewerScope
-
The reviewers
Return values
AccessReviewScheduleDefinition —setScope()
Sets the scope Defines the entities whose access is reviewed. For supported scopes, see accessReviewScope. Required on create. Supports $select and $filter (contains only). For examples of options for configuring scope, see Configure the scope of your access review definition using the Microsoft Graph API.
public
setScope(AccessReviewScope $val) : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
Parameters
- $val : AccessReviewScope
-
The scope
Return values
AccessReviewScheduleDefinition —setSettings()
Sets the settings The settings for an access review series, see type definition below. Supports $select. Required on create.
public
setSettings(AccessReviewScheduleSettings $val) : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
Parameters
- $val : AccessReviewScheduleSettings
-
The settings
Return values
AccessReviewScheduleDefinition —setStatus()
Sets the status This read-only field specifies the status of an access review. The typical states include Initializing, NotStarted, Starting, InProgress, Completing, Completed, AutoReviewing, and AutoReviewed. Supports $select, $orderby, and $filter (eq only). Read-only.
public
setStatus(string $val) : AccessReviewScheduleDefinition
Parameters
- $val : string
-
The status


King Camera used Toon Boom Animation Software for Ad Spot
(Montreal, September 9, 2004) - King Camera has just completed, "A Life", a stunning 60-second animated commercial, currently airing on United Airlines flights. It was directed by prominent, Oscar Winning Director of "Father and Daughter", Michael Dudok de Wit in HD and Toon Boom's USAnimation software was used to create the animation effects. "A Life" is part of a series of animated commercials for United Airlines produced by Acme Filmworks for the agency Fallon/Worldwide of Minneapolis; including "Light Bulb" by Joanna Quinn and "Interview" by Wendy Tilby and Amanda Forbis.
"The men from King Camera were experienced, professional, perfectionists and they understood the animator's mind. I wanted to rely on their skills totally and I could. Wonderful. And on top of that we got on really well." Stated Michael Dudok de Wit, Director.
With the objective of recapturing the Oscar, BAFTA, Grand Prix & Prix du Public award-winning style of "Father and Daughter", Michael Dudok de Wit decided to approach King Camera. System Administrator, Chris King, and creative Senior Digital Artist & Compositor, Tim Barter brought the production together. Michael initially created colour models in Photoshop while King Camera created special purpose built modules to emulate the various Photoshop blending modes used in the models. As with Michael's previous work, textures were required, not only for the backgrounds but also for all the characters, with some scenes requiring the application of over 70 textures at a time. USAnimation's(r) new Opus upgrade, coupled with Michael's inimitable line quality with it's subtle greyscale variations, achieved the desired effects.
King Camera's full HD capability, teamed with Toon Boom's USAnimations'(r) Opus resolution independent software, enabled the output of two versions simultaneously; in High Definition (HD) at 24 Frames per second and NTSC formats at 30 Frames per second. Tim Barter confirms: "In all we had an extensive use of over 1200 textures across the 60 second commercial. So with the additional need to perfectly retain Michael's outstanding line quality and output to both Hi Def and NTSC within an extremely tight deadline, USAnimation(r) once again proved itself to be an ideal tool." Additionally, King Camera's Chris King made use of Houdini from Side Effects to create snowfall for the commercial and composite NTSC field rendered output from USAnimation's(r) Opus.
The production was highly complex and work intensive, challenged by a deadline that was moved forward by two weeks and resulted in Michael creating artwork through to the very last days of production. With this in mind, King Camera's Senior Digital Artist and Compositor, Tim Barter, decided to structure the compositing of the production so that most of the important textures and colour models could arrive later without impacting on the deadline. To this effect, highly complex compositing modules were created that enabled any characters or textures to be plugged into them. Michael's storyboard was then extrapolated to create proxy characters that would later be scanned in as the real thing. In the process, approximately 1200 proxy textures were created and plugged in, to be replaced as and when the correct textures arrived. This meant that the entire job could be 'composited' long before the actual artwork arrived, with only minor changes to follow.
"The King Camera work ethic is that with proper organisation, communication and pre-visualisation, no production should be stressful or over-run beyond the normal hours in the day! Wishful thinking perhaps, but for the above reasons, working with Michael was an absolute pleasure. Despite Michael's overwhelming workload, he was incredibly organised, which made it possible for me to work from his storyboards, ensuring that neither of us became dependent on the other for material. Michael also had such pre conceived ideas of what he wanted to achieve, that I was able to confidently work in unison with him with the knowledge that our work wouldn't all become redundant as changes were made further down the line. Consequently, despite a curtailed delivery period, a massive workload for Michael and the need to work towards both High Definition and NTSC outputs, the production was wonderfully stress free." Tim Barter from King Camera stated.
CREDITS: King Camera: Chris King, System Administrator at King Camera; Tim Barter, Senior Digital Artist & Compositor at King Camera, Acme Filmworks: Michael Dudok de Wit, Director for Acme Filmworks, Ron Diamond, Executive Producer for Acme Filmworks, Holly Stone, Producer for Acmefilmworks Client: United Airlines. Fallon/Worldwide of Minneapolis Advertising Agency: Senior Producer: Kate Talbott Producer: Sofia Akinyele-Trokey and Holly Stone Executive Creative Director: David Lubars Group Creative Director/Copywriter: Stuart D'Rozario Creative Director: Bruce Bildsten Art Director: Bob Barrie
About King Camera.......Based in Soho, London, King Camera is a facility for TV production, commercials and animation. Retooled in the mid nineties, as a digital Ink and Paint bureau for broadcast video and motion picture film, King Camera has gone from strength to strength, working on a plethora of high profile, award-winning productions. Whether it is scanning, digital colouring, compositing or rendering, King Camera has brought its formidable talents to a vast array of productions. King Camera also provides rostrum camera facilities for TV, production alongside title design and graphics. King Camera prides itself on being a high quality, fast, competitively priced facility for getting your productions to the edit on time and on budget. View King Camera's website at www.kingcamera.co.uk
About Toon Boom Animation Inc.......Building on a decade of great successes, Toon Boom has entered a new era. Designated as Toon Boom Animation Inc., the company carries several leading animation products, including USAnimation OPUS and Toon Boom Studio. Toon Boom also offers consulting and training services dedicated to increasing animation production efficiency and quality. Concerto, a new solution designed to meet digital and paperless animation production needs, is implemented in prestigious animation studios worldwide.
With these great offerings, Toon Boom Animation is well poised, as the world-leading supplier of animation solutions, to continue delivering quality, efficiency and reliability to the animation community - for all animation styles and formats. Toon Boom's client base ranges from major studios creating Hollywood-blockbuster animated films to individual animators creating their first masterpieces. Market-leading studios using Toon Boom's products include Nelvana, Klasky Csupo, Warner Bros., DreamWorks, Paramount Pictures, Universal, Mercury Filmworks, Wild Brain, King Camera, Cromosoma and Lanterna Magica, to name a few. For additional information, visit Toon Boom on the Web at www.toonboom.com.
Concerto(tm), OPUS(tm) and USAnimation(r) are trademarks of Toon Boom Animation Inc. Other company and product names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
For more information, contact: Toon Boom Animation Inc. Karina Bessoudo<PHONE_NUMBER>, extension 248<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Posted on September 11, 2004 at 3:01 PM
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Home is permanent
Ridged lines worn soft by time
Nature is changing
Echigo-Tsumari House #01 uses the platonic house as the basis for its formal representation.
This form is then carved away from using the landscape of the surrounding areas as its guide.
Mountains, valleys and rice terraces reshape the ridged volume, creating pieces that possess
qualities of both man and nature.
These pieces are pulled away from the central mass to find a home within the landscape. Once touching
faces, newly exposed, are highlighted with a mirror finish, pulling reflections in from the immediate
surroundings. The mirrored surface stands in stark contrast to the clean white faces of the house calling
attention to the balance between man and nature, the battle between permanence and change.
Visitors discover pieces of the whole before the whole itself. Drawn to a seemingly out of place yet
irresistible object in the forest, we can first interpret its meaning on its own before following the path
that leads to the next and to the next and eventually the whole. While on this path we build on the
knowledge we have learned at each step, culminating in the final destination: the mass that all of the
shapes were extracted from.


Hi, my name is Nhi Chung. I'm a software engineer with experience working at start-ups, Unity, AR/VR, and geospatial technologies. My interests range from game development, building a game engine, to computer graphics. My work experience has allowed me to gain knowledge in many areas such as R&D, prototyping, and developing a proprietary game engine.


About Us
GoGaucho is a mobile app developed by UCSB students, for UCSB students. It serves as a powerful tool for over 10,000 Gauchos every month. Everything from your GOLD schedule to dining hall menus, all in one place!


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Test-time Adaptation (TTA), where a model is modified based on the test data it sees, has been a promising solution for distribution shift. This paper demonstrates that TTA is subject to novel security risks, where malicious test data can cause predictions about clean and unperturbed data to be incorrect. This suggests that adaptive model (model relies on the interaction of test inputs) have yet another attack vector that can be exploited. [Source]
Recently, test-time adaptation (TTA) has been proposed as a promising solution for addressing distribution shifts. It allows a base model to adapt to an unforeseen distribution during inference by leveraging the information from the batch of (unlabeled) test data. However, we uncover a novel security vulnerability of TTA based on the insight that predictions on benign samples can be impacted by malicious samples in the same batch. To exploit this vulnerability, we propose Distribution Invading Attack (DIA), which injects a small fraction of malicious data into the test batch. DIA causes models using TTA to misclassify benign and unperturbed test data, providing an entirely new capability for adversaries that is infeasible in canonical machine learning pipelines. Through comprehensive evaluations, we demonstrate the high effectiveness of our attack on multiple benchmarks across six TTA methods. In response, we investigate two countermeasures to robustify the existing insecure TTA implementations, following the principle of “security by design”. Together, we hope our findings can make the community aware of the utility-security tradeoffs in deploying TTA and provide valuable insights for developing robust TTA approaches.


[gecode-users] help --- how to create an object dynamically in Gecode？
Guido Tack
tack at ps.uni-sb.de
Sun Aug 30 18:15:11 CEST 2009
Hi Kayler,
you should not use IntArgs for representing your data, only for
posting constraints. So, when you read in your data, just use e.g.
normal integer vectors. Then you post the constraints, and you know
exactly how many you need. For each posted constraint, you construct
the corresponding IntArgs from the data vectors. That's their
purpose, don't use them for storing data.
Guido
Kayler Yao wrote:
> hi,
> Now let me talk about what i want to do. I have a lot of
> data,and i need to copy some data into the variable of the " IntArgs
> ". The number of variables what i want is uncertain,which is
> controlled by an outside parameter. And these variables include
> different data.
> For instance, i have an 10*10 Array data. Now i want to copy the
> second ,the fifth and the sixth column of Array data into three
> variables of "IntArgs". In my project, the number of variables of
> "IntArgs" what i need and which columns of Array data i want to copy
> are all uncertain,controlled by parameters. So this case make me to
> search for an dynamical method to create variable of the "IntArgs" .
> But "IntArgs" do not have a new operator by design. So i have to
> change the way and create an certain number of variables of the
> "IntArgs",which is larger than actual need. You know that wasting
> memory is an obvious disadvantage of this way.
> whether there has an better way to resolve this problem?
>
> Kayler
>
>
>
> 2009/8/30 Christian Schulte <cschulte at kth.se>
> Hi,
>
>
> what’s wrong with creating a new array each time you need it? They
> are very fast to create (they will only allocate heap memory if the
> array is large and otherwise, creation is super-quick). I have to
> admit I still don’t see really what you mean by uncertain number.
>
>
> Best
>
> Christian
>
>
> From: Kayler Yao [mailto:risoay at gmail.com]
> Sent: Saturday, August 29, 2009 5:23 PM
> To: Christian Schulte
> Cc: users at gecode.org
>
>
> Subject: Re: [gecode-users] help --- how to create an object
> dynamically in Gecode
> ？
>
>
>
> hi,
>
> Your said about using Argument arrays are right . The purpose i
> use Argument arrays to do is also just as it should to be . What i
> want to do is that I want to use uncertain number of Argument
> Arrays ,so i want to create Argument arrays dynamically. You said
> that they do not have a new operator by design ,so i can't use "new"
> way. I maybe create an certain number of Argument Arrays which is
> much more than i want ,and it may waste some memories. Whether there
> has another way to realize my thought?
>
> welcome to talk about it.
>
>
> Kayler.
>
> 2009/8/29 Christian Schulte <cschulte at kth.se>
>
> Hi,
>
>
> Argument arrays are meant for what they are called: passing
> arguments as is explained in detail in Section 4.2.2 in Modeling
> with Gecode. Using them for other purposes is a bad idea and hence
> they do not have a new operator by design!
>
>
> What you should do is use a different data structure and create and
> argument array just when you need it for posting a propagator or
> branching.
>
>
> Christian
>
>
> From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On
> Behalf Of Kayler Yao
> Sent: Saturday, August 29, 2009 5:20 AM
> To: users at gecode.org
> Subject: Re: [gecode-users] help --- how to create an object
> dynamically in Gecode？
>
>
> hi,
>
> And i find that "Gecode::Support::DynamicArray< T, A > Class
> Template" maybe can realize it. But i did it unsuccessfully.
>
> Who can give me right answer.
>
>
> Kayler
>
> 2009/8/29 Kayler Yao <risoay at gmail.com>
>
> hi，
>
> I want to create an object of IntArgs in my program dynamically.
> For instance " IntArgs *pt = new IntArgs(4); -----create an object
> of IntArgs with four elements" or
>
> "IntArgs *pt = new IntArgs [10];------create an array with 10 object
> of IntArgs." They all be compiled with errors. And i haven't seen
> the examples of create object dynamically in Gecode. And I want to
> know whether the Gecode support to create object of Gecode class ?
> And how ?
>
> Look forward to your reply!
>
>
> Kayler
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Gecode users mailing list
> users at gecode.org
> https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
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{# # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. -#} {% extends "manage_team_base.html" %} {% import "warehouse:templates/includes/pagination.html" as pagination %} {% set active_tab = 'history' %} {% block title %}{% trans source_name=team.name %}'{{ source_name }}' security history{% endtrans %}{% endblock %} {% block main %}
{% trans %}Each time you (or your collaborators) perform a security action related to this team, the action is recorded and displayed here.{% endtrans %}
{% macro event_summary(event) -%} {# Keep in sync with: warehouse/events/tags.py #} {# Display action for team events #} {% if event.tag == EventTag.Team.TeamCreate %} {% trans team_name=event.additional.team_name %}{{ team_name }} team created{% endtrans %} {% elif event.tag == EventTag.Team.TeamDelete %} {% trans team_name=event.additional.team_name %}{{ team_name }} team deleted{% endtrans %} {% elif event.tag == EventTag.Team.TeamRename %} {% trans team_name=event.additional.team_name, previous_team_name=event.additional.previous_team_name %}{{ previous_team_name }} team renamed to {{ team_name }}{% endtrans %} {# Display action for team project role events #} {% elif event.tag == EventTag.Team.TeamProjectRoleAdd %} {% trans team_name=event.additional.team_name, role_name=event.additional.role_name|lower, href=request.route_path('packaging.project', name=event.additional.project_name|canonicalize_name), project_name=event.additional.project_name %}{{ team_name }} team added as project {{ role_name }} for {{ project_name }}{% endtrans %} {% elif event.tag == EventTag.Team.TeamProjectRoleRemove %} {% trans team_name=event.additional.team_name, role_name=event.additional.role_name|lower, href=request.route_path('packaging.project', name=event.additional.project_name|canonicalize_name), project_name=event.additional.project_name %}{{ team_name }} team removed as project {{ role_name }} for {{ project_name }}{% endtrans %} {% elif event.tag == EventTag.Team.TeamProjectRoleChange %} {% trans team_name=event.additional.team_name, role_name=event.additional.role_name|lower, href=request.route_path('packaging.project', name=event.additional.project_name|canonicalize_name), project_name=event.additional.project_name %}{{ team_name }} team changed to project {{ role_name }} for {{ project_name }}{% endtrans %} {# Display action for team role events #} {% elif event.tag == EventTag.Team.TeamRoleAdd %} {% set target_user = get_user(event.additional.target_user_id).username %} {% trans href=request.route_path('accounts.profile', username=target_user), username=target_user, team_name=event.additional.team_name %}{{ username }} added to {{ team_name }} team{% endtrans %} {% elif event.tag == EventTag.Team.TeamRoleRemove %} {% trans href=request.route_path('accounts.profile', username=target_user), username=target_user, team_name=event.additional.team_name %}{{ username }} removed from {{ team_name }} team{% endtrans %} {% else %} {{ event.tag }} {% endif %} {# Display acting user for team events #} {% if event.tag.endswith(":create") %} {% set created_by = get_user(event.additional.created_by_user_id).username %} {% trans %}Created by:{% endtrans %} {{ created_by }} {% elif event.tag.endswith(":delete") %} {% set deleted_by = get_user(event.additional.deleted_by_user_id).username %} {% trans %}Deleted by:{% endtrans %} {{ deleted_by }} {% elif event.tag.endswith(":rename") %} {% set renamed_by = get_user(event.additional.renamed_by_user_id).username %} {% trans %}Renamed by:{% endtrans %} {{ renamed_by }} {# Display submitting user for role events #} {% elif event.tag.endswith(":add") %} {% set submitted_by = get_user(event.additional.submitted_by_user_id).username %} {% trans %}Added by:{% endtrans %} {{ submitted_by }} {% elif event.tag.endswith(":remove") %} {% set submitted_by = get_user(event.additional.submitted_by_user_id).username %} {% trans %}Removed by:{% endtrans %} {{ submitted_by }} {% elif event.tag.endswith(":change") %} {% set submitted_by = get_user(event.additional.submitted_by_user_id).username %} {% trans %}Changed by:{% endtrans %} {{ submitted_by }} {% endif %} {%- endmacro %} {% if events %}| {% trans %}Event{% endtrans %} | {% trans %}Time{% endtrans %} | {% trans %}IP address{% endtrans %} |
|---|---|---|
| {{ event_summary(event) }} | {% trans %}Time{% endtrans %} {{ humanize(event.time, time="true") }} | {% trans %}IP address{% endtrans %} {{ event.ip_address }} |


You have the abstract class Shape with two abstract methods: getPerimeter() and getArea(). See the provided code template.
You need to declare and implement three classes: Triangle, Rectangle and Circle. The classes must extend the Shape class and implement all abstract methods. To implement the methods the standard class Math may help you. Do not make your classes public.
The class Triangle must have a constructor with three double arguments for setting the length of each side. To calculate the area of this shape you may use the Heron's formula.
The class Rectangle must have a constructor with two double arguments for setting the length of different sides.
The class Circle must have a constructor with one double argument for setting the radius. You may use Math.PI as the PI constant or declare it yourself.
Examples
A circle has a radius = 10: perimeter = 62.831853..., area = 314.159265....
A triangle has three sides a = 3, b = 4 and c = 5: perimeter = 12.0, area = 6.0.
A rectangle has two different sides a = 5, b = 10: perimeter = 30.0, area = 50.0.


Invalid 2 letter US state abbreviation
ZIP code must be 5 or 9 digit format (i.e. 12345 or 12345-6789)
Username is too short (must be at least 6 characters)
Username is too long (must be less than 16 characters)
Password is too short (must be at least 8 characters)


Randomize!
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