JavaScript: The good, the bad, and the anonymous
Code Examples
(function( $ ) {
var $animals = $( '#animals' );
var $pitbulls = $( '#pitbulls' );
function handleClick( e ) {
e.preventDefault();
var target = e.target;
var $target = $( target );
if( 'duck' === target.ID || 'duck' === $target.parent().attr( 'id' ) ) {
alert( 'duck' );
} else {
alert( 'not a duck' );
}
}
function handlePitbull( e ) {
e.preventDefault();
var target = e.target;
var $target = $( target );
if( $target.closest( '.human' ).length ) {
$target.siblings( '.overlay' ).show().delay(1000).fadeOut( 'slow' );
} else {
$target.siblings( '.overlay' ).show().delay(1000).fadeOut( 'slow' );
}
}
$( document ).ready(function() {
$animals.on( 'click', handleClick );
$pitbulls.on( 'click', handlePitbull );
});
}( jQuery ));
Variable Caching
var $animals = $( '#animals' );
var $pitbulls = $( '#pitbulls' );
- Cache all variables you plan to use more than once
- Caching an element from the DOM is very inefficient
- The $ can be used to indicate a jQuery variable
- Using the
var
keyword ensures proper scope for the variable
$animals = $( '#animals' );
console.log(window.$animals instanceof jQuery);
true
Anonymous vs Named Functions
function handlePitbull( e ) {
e.preventDefault();
[...]
}
$( document ).ready(function() {
$animals.on( 'click', handleClick );
$pitbulls.on( 'click', handlePitbull );
});
Anonymous vs Named Functions
- Declaring a callback function is way more performant than calling it anonymously
- How much more performant?
jsPerf
- Enables cross-device testing
- Crowd-sourced data means lots of people can help you build test data
- Remember: test the test.
- Tests may have multiple revisions, some of which are unique to an individual use-case
Scope
var global_scope = 'hello, I am scoped at the global level';
function scope_test() {
var local_scope = 'I am only defined in this function';
alert( local_scope );
alert( global_scope );
alert( window.global_scope );
}
scope_test();
alert( local_scope );
Scope (continued)
function get_the_ID(el){
return $(el).attr('id') || false;
}
- The example above is the equivalent of creating a function in your functions.php file named get_the_ID()
- By default, JavaScript (like PHP) functions defined outside a closure become global
- The solution is to either put your JS into a class object, or to create a closure
Scope (continued)
- Closures isolate the functions and variable definitions within them by creating an overriding scope limited to the closure itself
- Closures give you the power to keep as much of the code private (i.e. within the closure) as you want, while still allowing you to expose methods (e.g. jQuery.ajax())
JSLint and JSHint
- Run the tools online (JSLint) or (JSHint)
- Use a plugin available in your favorite IDE
- Run the tools regularly as part of a grunt or similar automated workflow
- By the way, if you don't know about Grunt, check it out!
A few thoughts
- Think about your JS the way you think about your PHP: performance matters
- Bad JavaScript slows less powerful computers, and can really hang up a mobile device
- If you open-source or distribute your JS, make sure to remove any pollution of the global namespace, except any root-level object name (e.g. jQuery) that you might elect to use
- On that note, if you write a jQuery plugin, don't give your object a brand-new global name. Use and extend the jQuery object
- The easiest way to avoid silly (and sometimes very serious) mistakes with JavaScript is to lint your JS: no one is perfect
/


AFCON 2021 Qualifiers: Kwesi Appiah lauds ‘tactical’ São Tomé after Ghana victory
Ghana coach Kwesi Appiah has praised the tactical disposition of São Tomé and Principe during their 1-0 defeat against the Black Stars in the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier on Monday.
Ghana inflicted a 1-0 defeat on São Tomé courtesy a second half Jordan Ayew’s penalty to move atop of Group C with 6 points.
The Black Stars found it very difficult to break their opponents due to the narrow tactics used by the Falcons in the game.
Speaking after the game, coach Appiah commended the performance of São Tomé and Príncipe but claimed Black Stars players were not impressed with the nature of the astroturf at Estádio Nacional 12 de Julho.
“Even though we won, I think the São To team played well, tactically. Anytime they lost the ball, they all came behind the ball and wherever the ball went, they made sure they had a lot of people there and playing against a team with six [at the] back is always difficult,” Appiah said.
He added; “...the pitch as well; the players were complaining about the controls and running [which were difficult] but on a whole, I think we did well. We had most of the possession but sometimes we missed a lot of chances that we could have scored.”


I noticed that I am unable to center text on this forum, but on the Battlelog it is working fine.
I also found this in the BBcode guide on the forum:
"If you are an administrator on this board and have the proper permissions, you can add further BBCodes through the Custom BBCodes section."
Would it be possible for you to add text centering to the forum, it would improve the looks of headlines, signatures and so forth.
Cheers,
LeHvass
BrainFooLong
Administrator
Just give me some time to optimize this really new board installation.


--- layout: post title: More gestures date: 2005-02-02 00:00:00 category: mobile ---
Mobiles in Japan get gestural: "A mobile phone that recognises and responds to movements has been launched in Japan. The motion-sensitive phone - officially titled the V603SH - was developed by Sharp and launched by Vodafone's Japanese division. Devised mainly for mobile gaming, users can also access other phone functions using a pre-set pattern of arm movements."


I'm a lover, who loves all of the green nature. Fan of GOD, who created all of these things visible in front of me.
I also love to listen Music of Nature. Like, Waterfall, Waterflow, Wind blowing in Forest, Rain drops, etc.
I love to Read books. Mostly informative or comedy or thriller type books.


Please click on the word you find most humorous, if any. Do not look up
words you do not know -- we are interested in your gut reaction.
Progress 1
/TBD
You should not see this
You should not see this
You should not see this
You should not see this
You should not see this
You should not see this
You should not see this
You should not see this
or
None of the six words are at all funny.
Demographics
We will use these ratings to build an automatic system for humor generation, and to understand what different people find funny. If you could kindly fill in these details about yourself, we hope to understand the differences in sense of humor across demographics.


Test::Branch::SetTestSpace Class Reference
Inherits Gecode::Space.
Detailed Description
Space for executing Boolean tests.Definition at line 95 of file branch.cc.
Collection of possible arguments for set branchings | |
| const Gecode::SetVarBranch | set_var_branch [] |
| Set variable selections. | |
| const int | n_set_var_branch |
| Number of set variable selections. | |
| const char * | set_var_branch_name [] |
| Names for set variable selections. | |
| const Gecode::SetValBranch | set_val_branch [] |
| Set value selections. | |
| const int | n_set_val_branch |
| Number of set value selections. | |
| const char * | set_val_branch_name [] |
| Names for set value selections. | |
Public Member Functions | |
| SetTestSpace (int n, Gecode::IntSet &d) | |
| Initialize test space. | |
| SetTestSpace (bool share, SetTestSpace &s) | |
| Constructor for cloning s. | |
| virtual Gecode::Space * | copy (bool share) |
| Copy space during cloning. | |
Public Attributes | |
| Gecode::SetVarArray | x |
| Variables to be tested. |
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
| Test::Branch::SetTestSpace::SetTestSpace | ( | int | n, | |
| Gecode::IntSet & | d | |||
| ) | [inline] |
| Test::Branch::SetTestSpace::SetTestSpace | ( | bool | share, | |
| SetTestSpace & | s | |||
| ) | [inline] |
Member Function Documentation
| virtual Gecode::Space* Test::Branch::SetTestSpace::copy | ( | bool | share | ) | [inline, virtual] |
Friends And Related Function Documentation
const Gecode::SetVarBranch set_var_branch[] [related] |
Initial value:
{ Gecode::SET_VAR_NONE, Gecode::SET_VAR_MIN_CARD, Gecode::SET_VAR_MAX_CARD, Gecode::SET_VAR_MIN_UNKNOWN_ELEM, Gecode::SET_VAR_MAX_UNKNOWN_ELEM }
const int n_set_var_branch [related] |
Initial value:
sizeof(set_var_branch)/sizeof(Gecode::SetVarBranch)
const char* set_var_branch_name[] [related] |
const Gecode::SetValBranch set_val_branch[] [related] |
const int n_set_val_branch [related] |
const char* set_val_branch_name[] [related] |
Member Data Documentation
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


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Elvis Presley
001245786
Welcome to your Dashboard!
Where do you want to go today?SRV
The SRV service allows you to review your academic performance on TAFESA.
Service 2
Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit...


i got the idea for this build but i dont know how to implement it, i think ranger is my favourite class for a rplay server as it has decent attack capability combined with some interesting rplay options.
my idea was to make a ranger/dwarven defender....
its for a low magic world which is PvP based rplay ...eg choose a side where you start and defend/attack the enemy side when you have to
One thing i do want is devastating critical to kill off the enemy side quickly and effectively...if any builds like this have been posted a pointer in the right direction would be great as i didnt have time to properly search the 20 odd pages of build


dispatch-worker
dispatcher-base
shared-dispatcher
dispatch
dispatch-async
shutdown
behavior
make-dispatcher
make-dispatcher-worker


Reports problems with the arguments of property()
and functions
annotated with @property
.
class C:
@property
def abc(self): # Getter should return or yield something
pass
@abc.setter
def foo(self, value): # Names of function and decorator don't match
pass
@abc.setter
def abc(self, v1, v2): # Setter signature should be (self, value)
pass
@abc.deleter
def abc(self, v1): # Delete signature should be (self)
pass
A quick-fix offers to update parameters.


headers_sent
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)
headers_sent — Checks if or where headers have been sent
说明
bool headers_sent ([ string &$file [, int &$line ]] )
Checks if or where headers have been sent.
You can't add any more header lines using the header() function once the header
block has already been sent. Using this function you can at least prevent
getting HTTP header related error messages. Another option is to use Output
Buffering.
参数
file
If the optional file and line parameters are set, headers_sent() will put
the PHP source file name and line number where output started in the file
and line variables.
line
The line number where the output started.
返回值
headers_sent() will return FALSE if no HTTP headers have already been sent or
TRUE otherwise.
范例
Example #1 Examples using headers_sent()
link instead\n";
exit;
}
?>
注释
Note:
数据头只会在SAPI支持时得到处理和输出。
参见
• ob_start() - 打开输出控制缓冲
• trigger_error() - 产生一个用户级别的 error/warning/notice 信息
• headers_list() - Returns a list of response headers sent (or ready to send)
• header() - 发送原生 HTTP 头 for a more detailed discussion of the matters
involved.
User Contributed Notes 11 notes
===============================================================================
';
echo 'window.location.href="'.$filename.'";';
echo '';
echo '';
}
}
redirect('http://www.google.com');
?>
===============================================================================
I was having trouble getting my mind around the concepts involved. Here is my
dilemma and the conclusion I reached in case recounting them can help others:
I am using WAMPserver: PHP 5.2.6, and Apache 2.2.8 on Windows XP SP3. If it
matters to your duplication,
I found two php.ini files in WAMPserver where output_buffering had been set to
4096. I changed them to OFF for this testing.
Here is how you can replicate what I am experiencing: With IE 7.0 go to Tools
... Display ieHTTPheaders ... and run the following script repeatedly and watch
what happens:
Result: the final var_dump of the headers_sent() function will
always return FALSE unless any one or more of the commented lines above it are
uncommented. Uncommenting the statements allows an output to be sent to the
user not just to their browser, after which the final var_dump will return
TRUE. What I found confusing was that the ieHTTPheaders tool shows that the
header is being sent to the user's browser even when all the output lines are
commented out. So why does headers_sent() return FALSE in this case? Because
you can keep sending other headers. The headers_sent function is meant to alert
one to when no further headers can be sent. My testing shows it does not return
true unless some other output is also sent after the header, thereby signaling
that "Headers have been sent and concluded with user output. NOW you can't
send any more headers."
Someone else worked his way through this problem in a (false) bug report: http:
//bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=30264
Here is the relevant part of the reply from the pro:
"When you use compression the entire page is buffered in memory, until end of
the request. Consequently you can send headers at any time because no data is
being actually sent to user when you print it. Until PHP actually decides to
send any page output to the user you can still send additional headers which is
why the headers_sent() function is returning false. It will return true,
indicating that headers have been sent only at a time when output began going
to the user and you no longer can send any additional headers."
So in summary, my point is that there is a difference between headers being
sent only to the browser (which can be followed by other headers) vs. headers
being sent and concluded by output for the user. The function should have been
given a more clear name like headers_concluded().
===============================================================================
Note that in IIS (or at least the version that comes with W2K server), the
server seems to do some buffering, so even if you output someting or cause a
warning, the value of headers_sent() may be false because the headers haven't
been sent yet.
So it's not a safe way to know if warnings have been encountered in your
script.
===============================================================================
In response to K.Tomono and alexrussell101 at gmail dot com :
Yes,
headers_sent() will return false, even if you sent something to the ouptut
using print() or header() , if output_buffering is different from Off in you
php.ini, and the length of what you sent does not exceed the size of
output_buffering.
To test it, try this code with these values in php.ini
1) output_buffering=32
2) output buffering = 4096
[code]
";
echo "Sent:",headers_sent()," ";
echo "enough text to feed the buffer until it overflows ;-) ";
echo "Sent:",headers_sent()," ";
?>
[/code]
then put
3) output buffering = Off
and try this code
[code]
";
echo "Sent:",headers_sent()," ";
?>
[/code]
which will this time unconditionnally say that headers were sent.
This is noticed in php.ini comment :
"Output buffering allows you to send header lines (including cookies) even
after you send body content, in the price of slowing PHP's output layer a bit."
Note : This is completly independant of implicit_flush tuning.
===============================================================================
Here a function to check also if any other outout is already sent:
===============================================================================
This is becoming annoying the amount of posts to try and describe the behaviour
of headers
Headers appear first in the data sent to the user's browser
if headers have been called using the header() function but no data has been
sent to the output buffer (using echo, readfile etc), then the headers are sent
at the end of script execution otherwise they are sent when the buffer reaches
it's limit and emptied
simple
this means that headers_sent() will return false if nothing is sent to the
output buffer because the headers are being sent at the end of the script
This is not a bug either, this is expected behaviour. Keeping headers until
forced to send them out is a good idea because certain measures can be taken
like prevention of meta injection etc (option in header() to replace headers
that have not yet been sent)
besides, headers_sent() is good for when you try and send headers but the
output buffer has already been emptied (in cases of php error handling for
example). Obviously if the buffer has emtpied, sending headers won't work.
===============================================================================
very handy function!
When working with GD I made something like:
This way if you are debugging... and flush output... you will not get the
endless list of headers allready send errors...
Hope it's helpfull... ;)
===============================================================================
In my case, when I install PHP 5.2.1 in CGI mode under Apache 2.2.3 (on windows
2003 SP2),
function sent_headers() always return false. flash(), ob_end_flash(), so on...
no matter.
I suppose, Apache buffering all PHP output until exit()
===============================================================================
For programmers used to Perl, note that sending a relative 'Location:' header
sends a redirect to the browser in PHP, unlike Perl which will attempt to call
relative URLs using an internal subrequest and return that page to the browser
without redirecting. If you want to do the same trick in PHP, use include() or
virtual().
===============================================================================
RE: antti at haapakangas dot net's post
I've changed the code so $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] is used if $_SERVER
['HTTP_HOST'] is not set. $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] doesn't meet my needs, but I
suppose it's good to fall back on it. I've also fixed a problem in the meta
refresh line - it was missing the "url=" part of the content attribute.
\r\n";
}
}
?>
===============================================================================
Re: php at fufachew dot com
That's a nice example how to implement Location header in a correct way (using
absoluteURI). 95% of the scripts I have seen just use relativeURI which is
wrong. Some browsers, for example lynx, actually notify user about incomplete
Location headers. However it might be safer to use $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']
instead of $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']. Host header is a HTTP/1.1 feature and you can
not count on that if you want to be interoperable with HTTP/1.0
implementations.


NetworkMonitor
public class NetworkMonitor
Use the NetworkMonitor
class to determine the current status of the iOS device’s connection to the internet.
To get the type of network connection currently available, use currentNetworkConnection
. If the currentNetworkConnection
is WWAN, you can narrow down the type further with cellularNetworkType
, which shows whether the device is using 4G, 3G, or 2G.
To subscribe to network changes, call startMonitoringNetworkChanges()
and add an observer to NotificationCenter.default
with NetworkMonitor.networkChangedNotificationName
as the notification name. To turn off these notifications, call stopMonitoringNetworkChanges()
.
-
When using the
startMonitoringNetworkChanges()
method, register an observer withNotificationCenter
using thisNotification.Name
.Declaration
Swift
public static let networkChangedNotificationName = Notification.Name("NetworkChangedNotification")
-
The type of cellular data network available to the iOS device. The possible values are
4G
,3G
,2G
, andunknown
.Declaration
Swift
public var cellularNetworkType: String?
-
Detects whether the iOS device is currently connected to the internet via WiFi or WWAN, or if there is no connection.
Declaration
Swift
public var currentNetworkConnection: NetworkConnection
-
Creates a new instance of
NetworkMonitor
only if the current device’s network can be accessed.Declaration
Swift
public init?()
-
Begins monitoring changes in the
currentNetworkConnection
.If the device’s connection to the internet changes (WiFi, WWAN, or no connection), a notification will be posted to
NotificationCenter.default
withNetworkMonitor.networkChangedNotificationName
.To intercept network changes, add an observer to
NotificationCenter.default
withNetworkMonitor.networkChangedNotificationName
as the notification name.Declaration
Swift
public func startMonitoringNetworkChanges() -> Bool
-
Stops monitoring changes in the
currentNetworkConnection
that were started bystartMonitoringNetworkChanges()
.Declaration
Swift
public func stopMonitoringNetworkChanges()


/*
* Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* java class containing function definitions pertaining to sending and receiving data over http connection
* between server and multiple clients
*
*/
package com.android.internal.foo;
import android.os.Blah;
import android.view.Yada;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
Every nontrivial method that you write must contain a Javadoc comment with at least one sentence describing what the class or method does. This sentence should start with a third person descriptive verb.
/** Returns the correctly rounded positive square root of a double value. */
static double sqrt(double a) {
...
}
Use TODO comments: Use TODO comments for code that is temporary, a short-term solution, or good enough but not perfect. These comments should include the string TODO in all caps, followed by a colon.
// TODO: Remove this code after the UrlTable2 has been checked in.
When feasible, keep methods small and focused.
If a method exceeds 40 lines or so, think about whether it can be broken up without harming the structure of the program.
Declare local variables at the point where they are first used. Keep the scope of local variables to a minimum.
This increases the readability and maintainability of your code and reduces the likelihood of error.
Declare loop variables in the for statement itself unless there's a compelling reason to do otherwise.
for (Iterator i = c.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
doSomethingElse(i.next());
}
Non-public, non-static field names start with m.
Static field names start with s.
Other fields start with a lower case letter.
Public static final fields (constants) are _ALL_CAPS_WITHUNDERSCORES.
public class MyClass {
public static final int SOME_CONSTANT = 42;
public int publicField;
private static MyClass sSingleton;
int mPackagePrivate;
private int mPrivate;
protected int mProtected;
}
Each line of text in your code should be at most 100 characters long.
If a comment line contains an example command or a literal URL longer than 100 characters, that line may be longer than 100 characters for ease of cut and paste.
Import lines can go over the limit.


Test Net (Ropsten Network)¶
To start¶
We need 3 components:
- Ethereum Address (Ropsten Network)
- Some Ether (Ropsten Network)
- Solidity contract
Ethereum address¶
Go to MyEtherWallet (MEW) and create an account.
To get setup, click the right hand side corner, change the network to Ropsten (MyEtherWallet) → click the New Wallet →Enter a password you can remember → Download / Save your Keystore file in a safe space → Save your Private Key in a safe space.
To view your wallet address, go to →View Wallet Info →Private Key → Enter the saved private key →Unlock your Wallet
Ether¶
As an example we will use the Ropsten Test network. But there are other testnet that can be used. To get some Ropsten Ethereum Just access this faucet and put your ropsten address.
Solidity contract¶
As contract we can use the contract defined in scuffold
page.
Deploy¶
- Go to Remix
- In the browser/ballot.sol, paste the code you just edited! If something red comes up, there is something wrong in the code.
- Now Under Compile →Details →Choose the Token you are creating
- Under ByteCode press the 📋 button to copy the ByteCode to your clipboard —( Into this section, what may appear are different things on the ByteCode. What you have to copy is the “object” ByteCode, adding a 0x in the beginning. So you will have 0xByteCode.)
- Go to MEW
- Navigate to the Contracts tab → Press Deploy Contract
- Paste your ByteCode into the ByteCode box. Your gas limit should automatically update
- Access your wallet by going into the Private Key → Enter your private key →Unlock your wallet
- Now press Sign Transaction →Deploy Transaction
- Click on the transaction tx or access etherscan to check if the contract went through.
Register the contract¶
- In the Overview Tab → Click on the Contract Address
- Go to the Contract Code Tab → Click Verify and Publish
Get it right once or get it wrong forever.¶
- Be sure that the contract address field corresponds to the contract address that you have just deployed. Remember contract address is different to the MEW address you created so make sure not to get them confused
- The contract name has to match the one in the code
- To check which version of the complier, go back to the remix page where you got the BYTECODE from and look at the URL, the complier version will be there. In most cases it should be: v0.4.19+commit.c4cbbb05.js
- On Optimisation, choose No (We haven’t enable it before)
- On ENTER THE SOLIDITY CONTRACT CODE BELOW, copy the whole code from Remix, and paste in that area. NOT THE BYTECODE, but the code itself.
- Now, leave the other fields in blank and click on Verify and Publish.


---
title: "19/10 Boot camp food diary"
layout: "post"
permalink: "/2010/10/1910-boot-camp-food-diary.html"
uuid: "3904799953715487122"
guid: "tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8745734052417186264.post-3904799953715487122"
date: "2010-10-19 07:26:00"
updated: "2010-10-21 10:52:12"
description:
blogger:
siteid: "8745734052417186264"
postid: "3904799953715487122"
comments: "0"
categories: [blog, bootcamp, food diary]
tags: [bootcamp, food diary]
author:
name: "Alan Chalmers"
url: "https://plus.google.com/109008868852571463084?rel=author"
image: "//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-vRVdiWd12ak/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAHKc/wXgK4dFefp8/s512-c/photo.jpg"
---
Breakfast
- 2 Vita brits sultanas & Albran skin milk
- English muffin with honey
- 1/2 Juice
Snack
- Cafe Latte
- low fat yoghurt
- Apple
Lunch
- Eggplant tomato spinach feta pasta (large)
- Snickers bar
Snack
- Eggplant tomoato spinach feta pasta (remaining)
- Banana & Apple
Dinner


{% load static %}
Exe Orientation
Which room in the innovation Center has the Linux Computers
Answer here:


Da Meme Genrator
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| CHAPTER |
|
| 1 |
Jonathan Harker's Journal |
| 2 |
Jonathan Harker's Journal |
| 3 |
Jonathan Harker's Journal |
| 4 |
Jonathan Harker's Journal |
| 5 |
Letter From Miss Mina Murray To Miss Lucy Westenra |
| 6 |
Mina Murray's Journal |
| 7 |
Cutting From "The Dailygraph", 8 August |
| 8 |
Mina Murray's Journal |
| 9 |
Letter, Mina Harker To Lucy Westenra |
| 10 |
Letter, Dr. Seward To Hon. Arthur Holmwood |
| 11 |
Lucy Westenra's Diary |
| 12 |
Dr. Seward's Diary |
| 13 |
Dr. Seward's Diary |
| 14 |
Mina Harker's Journal |
| 15 |
Dr. Seward's Diary |
| 16 |
Dr. Seward's Diary |
| 17 |
Dr. Seward's Diary |
| 18 |
Dr. Seward's Diary |
| 19 |
Jonathan Harker's Journal |
| 20 |
Jonathan Harker's Journal |
| 21 |
Dr. Seward's Diary |
| 22 |
Jonathan Harker's Journal |
| 23 |
Dr. Seward's Diary |
| 24 |
Dr. Seward's Phonograph Diary |
| 25 |
Dr. Seward's Diary |
| 26 |
Dr. Seward's Diary |
| 27 |
Mina Harker's Journal |


Store
Take a look at some of our most popular selections. On any given day, you are likely to find a wide variety of cactus plants, succulents, orchids, and floral arrangements. Stay tuned as we plan to have an online shop where you can order your plants right from home!
A large selection of succulents, if you’re looking for a low-maintenance way to brighten up your home!
We offer many cactus varieties for sale. These make a lovely gift.
Who doesn’t love an orchid? As the shop owner’s favorite, there are always a variety of colors in stock.


{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %} {% block backicon %}
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(Defunct) Find TV Quotes.
Demo Example:
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The little dry leaves are blowing against the windows of a house near the sea, with a sound like the whispering of small pale ghosts; they are blowing along the parade, over the edge of the century, they are floating away and away into the far-off plantations where the country gentlemen are rooted in the mould.
Here they come, these small ghosts left over, drifting over, from the eighteenth century—dry ghosts like the Beau and Beelzebub or Wicked Shifts, Bogey and Calibre, Gooserump and King Jog, Mouldy and Madagascar and Snipe, and Mr Creevey himself brushing those leaves together with his old hands. Soon there will be no leaves left.
On the 22nd day of January in the year 1820, whilst the threadbare-looking sea beat thinly upon the shore, a man of fifty-two years of age, his once robust and reddish face now yellow, his thin dyed black hair, that had once been shining and carefully brushed (where any remained), now dull with sweat, and with the grey showing through the black and with the skull showing through the hair, lay dying upon a hired bed in Sidmouth.
The magnificent opening paragraphs of chapter one (“The Death Of The Duke Of Kent”) of Edith Sitwell's 1936 biography Victoria Of England. They don't write 'em like that anymore.


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TheCNS annual meeting in Montréal is looming. Here are some links to prosody-related posters from the website. This list is not intended to be complete in any way, it’s just what I saw while gleaning through the list in the last 15min:
Session D Sunday April 18 5:00 - 7:00 pm
D32 When Prosodic Perception is Overridden: An ERP Study of the Compound/Phrasal Stress Distinction in EnglishStewart McCauley, Arild Hestvik, Irene Vogel (University of Delaware)
D38 How is prosodic processing lateralized in the brain?Jurriaan Witteman, Niels Schiller, Vincent Van Heuven (Leiden University)
Session E Monday April 19 8:00 - 10:00 am
E11 Eye movement, and ERPs and Prosody
Shani H. Abada, John E. Drury, Karsten Steinhauer, Shari R. Baum (McGill University)
E19 Closure Positive Shifts (CPS) : evoked by prosodic rhythm-groups in meaningful and meaningless speechAnnie C. Gilbert, Boutheina Jemel, Victor J. Boucher1; (Université de Montréal)
E22 Neural correlates of the perception of prosodic focus in French: an fMRI study Marcela Perrone1, Marion Dohen2, Hélène Loevenbruck2, Marc Sato2, Cédric Pichat1, Gaëtan Yvert1, Monica Baciu1;1Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, 2GIPSA-lab
E28 Prosodic phrasing in spoken Korean garden path sentences: An ERP study Hyekyung Hwang1, Karsten Steinhauer (McGill)
Session I Tuesday April 20 3:00 - 5:00 pm
I5 Prosody is the key: ERP studies on word segmentation in 6 and 12-month-old German infants Claudia Männel, Angela D. Friederic (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany)
I22 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Syntactic and Prosodic Complexity EffectsAsaf Bachrach, Elodie Cauvet, Christophe Pallier (INSERM-CEA Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Neurospin, France)


{% if len(exercise_submissions) > 0 %}
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Most recent submission:
{{ student[1]["code"] }}
No passing score yet.


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subject = "New job alert" ==
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Previewer for CSS easing functions.
You don't need to do anything. With this plugin loaded, a previewer will appear on hovering the easing values in code blocks.
This plugin is compatible with CSS, Less, Sass, Scss and Stylus.
div {
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Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal (Province No. 1) runs across its summit point.
The current official elevation of 8,848 m (29,029 ft), recognised by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975.[1] In 2005, China remeasured the rock height of the mountain, with a result of 8844.43 m.


Nadal eager to play Davis Cup, says Spain captain
Rafael Nadal was a fitness doubt for the ATP Finals, but managed to produce rousing comeback wins to secure the year-end world No. 1 ranking
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Metaprogramming¶
The strongest legacy of Lisp in the Julia language is its metaprogramming support. Like Lisp, Julia represents its own code as a data structure of the language itself. Since code is represented by objects that can be created and manipulated from within the language, it is possible for a program to transform and generate its own code. This allows sophisticated code generation without extra build steps, and also allows true Lisp-style macros operating at the level of abstract syntax trees. In contrast, preprocessor “macro” systems, like that of C and C++, perform textual manipulation and substitution before any actual parsing or interpretation occurs. Because all data types and code in Julia are represented by Julia data structures, powerful reflection capabilities are available to explore the internals of a program and its types just like any other data.
Program representation¶
Every Julia program starts life as a string:
julia> prog = "1 + 1"
"1 + 1"
What happens next?
The next step is to parse
each string into an object called an expression, represented by the Julia type
Expr
:
julia> ex1 = parse(prog)
:(1 + 1)
julia> typeof(ex1)
Expr
Expr
objects contain three parts:
- a
Symbol
identifying the kind of expression. A symbol is an interned string identifier (more discussion below).
julia> ex1.head
:call
- the expression arguments, which may be symbols, other expressions, or literal values:
julia> ex1.args
3-element Array{Any,1}:
:+
1
1
- finally, the expression result type, which may be annotated by the user or inferred by the compiler (and may be ignored completely for the purposes of this chapter):
julia> ex1.typ
Any
Expressions may also be constructed directly in prefix notation:
julia> ex2 = Expr(:call, :+, 1, 1)
:(1 + 1)
The two expressions constructed above – by parsing and by direct construction – are equivalent:
julia> ex1 == ex2
true
The key point here is that Julia code is internally represented as a data structure that is accessible from the language itself.
The dump()
function provides indented and annotated display of Expr
objects:
julia> dump(ex2)
Expr
head: Symbol call
args: Array{Any}((3,))
1: Symbol +
2: Int64 1
3: Int64 1
typ: Any
Expr
objects may also be nested:
julia> ex3 = parse("(4 + 4) / 2")
:((4 + 4) / 2)
Another way to view expressions is with Meta.show_sexpr, which displays the
S-expression form of a given
Expr
, which may look very familiar to users of Lisp. Here’s an example
illustrating the display on a nested Expr
:
julia> Meta.show_sexpr(ex3)
(:call, :/, (:call, :+, 4, 4), 2)
Symbols¶
The :
character has two syntactic purposes in Julia. The first form creates a
Symbol
, an interned string
used as one building-block of expressions:
julia> :foo
:foo
julia> typeof(ans)
Symbol
The Symbol
constructor takes any number of arguments and creates a
new symbol by concatenating their string representations together:
julia> :foo == Symbol("foo")
true
julia> Symbol("func",10)
:func10
julia> Symbol(:var,'_',"sym")
:var_sym
In the context of an expression, symbols are used to indicate access to variables; when an expression is evaluated, a symbol is replaced with the value bound to that symbol in the appropriate scope.
Sometimes extra parentheses around the argument to :
are needed to avoid
ambiguity in parsing.:
julia> :(:)
:(:)
julia> :(::)
:(::)
Expressions and evaluation¶
Quoting¶
The second syntactic purpose of the :
character is to create expression
objects without using the explicit Expr
constructor. This is referred
to as quoting. The :
character, followed by paired parentheses around
a single statement of Julia code, produces an Expr
object based on the
enclosed code. Here is example of the short form used to quote an arithmetic
expression:
julia> ex = :(a+b*c+1)
:(a + b * c + 1)
julia> typeof(ex)
Expr
(to view the structure of this expression, try ex.head
and ex.args
,
or use dump()
as above)
Note that equivalent expressions may be constructed using parse()
or
the direct Expr
form:
julia> :(a + b*c + 1) ==
parse("a + b*c + 1") ==
Expr(:call, :+, :a, Expr(:call, :*, :b, :c), 1)
true
Expressions provided by the parser generally only have symbols, other
expressions, and literal values as their args, whereas expressions
constructed by Julia code can have arbitrary run-time values
without literal forms as args. In this specific example, +
and a
are symbols, *(b,c)
is a subexpression, and 1
is a literal
64-bit signed integer.
There is a second syntactic form of quoting for multiple expressions:
blocks of code enclosed in quote ... end
. Note that this form
introduces QuoteNode
elements to the expression tree, which
must be considered when directly manipulating an expression tree
generated from quote
blocks. For other purposes, :( ... )
and quote .. end
blocks are treated identically.
julia> ex = quote
x = 1
y = 2
x + y
end
quote # none, line 2:
x = 1 # none, line 3:
y = 2 # none, line 4:
x + y
end
julia> typeof(ex)
Expr
Interpolation¶
Direct construction of Expr
objects with value arguments is
powerful, but Expr
constructors can be tedious compared to “normal”
Julia syntax. As an alternative, Julia allows “splicing” or interpolation
of literals or expressions into quoted expressions. Interpolation is
indicated by the $
prefix.
In this example, the literal value of a
is interpolated:
julia> a = 1;
julia> ex = :($a + b)
:(1 + b)
Interpolating into an unquoted expression is not supported and will cause a compile-time error:
julia> $a + b
ERROR: unsupported or misplaced expression $
...
In this example, the tuple (1,2,3)
is interpolated as an
expression into a conditional test:
julia> ex = :(a in $:((1,2,3)) )
:(a in (1,2,3))
Interpolating symbols into a nested expression requires enclosing each symbol in an enclosing quote block:
julia> :( :a in $( :(:a + :b) ) )
^^^^^^^^^^
quoted inner expression
The use of $
for expression interpolation is intentionally reminiscent
of string interpolation and command
interpolation. Expression interpolation allows
convenient, readable programmatic construction of complex Julia expressions.
eval()
and effects¶
Given an expression object, one can cause Julia to evaluate (execute) it
at global scope using eval()
:
julia> :(1 + 2)
:(1 + 2)
julia> eval(ans)
3
julia> ex = :(a + b)
:(a + b)
julia> eval(ex)
ERROR: UndefVarError: b not defined
...
julia> a = 1; b = 2;
julia> eval(ex)
3
Every module has its own eval()
function that
evaluates expressions in its global scope.
Expressions passed to eval()
are not limited to returning values
— they can also have side-effects that alter the state of the enclosing
module’s environment:
julia> ex = :(x = 1)
:(x = 1)
julia> x
ERROR: UndefVarError: x not defined
...
julia> eval(ex)
1
julia> x
1
Here, the evaluation of an expression object causes a value to be
assigned to the global variable x
.
Since expressions are just Expr
objects which can be constructed
programmatically and then evaluated, it is possible to dynamically generate
arbitrary code which can then be run using eval()
. Here is a simple example:
julia> a = 1;
julia> ex = Expr(:call, :+, a, :b)
:(1 + b)
julia> a = 0; b = 2;
julia> eval(ex)
3
The value of a
is used to construct the expression ex
which
applies the +
function to the value 1 and the variable b
. Note
the important distinction between the way a
and b
are used:
- The value of the variable
a
at expression construction time is used as an immediate value in the expression. Thus, the value ofa
when the expression is evaluated no longer matters: the value in the expression is already1
, independent of whatever the value ofa
might be. - On the other hand, the symbol
:b
is used in the expression construction, so the value of the variableb
at that time is irrelevant —:b
is just a symbol and the variableb
need not even be defined. At expression evaluation time, however, the value of the symbol:b
is resolved by looking up the value of the variableb
.
Functions on Expr
essions¶
As hinted above, one extremely useful feature of Julia is the capability to
generate and manipulate Julia code within Julia itself. We have already
seen one example of a function returning Expr
objects: the parse()
function, which takes a string of Julia code and returns the corresponding
Expr
. A function can also take one or more Expr
objects as
arguments, and return another Expr
. Here is a simple, motivating example:
julia> function math_expr(op, op1, op2)
expr = Expr(:call, op, op1, op2)
return expr
end
julia> ex = math_expr(:+, 1, Expr(:call, :*, 4, 5))
:(1 + 4*5)
julia> eval(ex)
21
As another example, here is a function that doubles any numeric argument, but leaves expressions alone:
julia> function make_expr2(op, opr1, opr2)
opr1f, opr2f = map(x -> isa(x, Number) ? 2*x : x, (opr1, opr2))
retexpr = Expr(:call, op, opr1f, opr2f)
return retexpr
end
make_expr2 (generic function with 1 method)
julia> make_expr2(:+, 1, 2)
:(2 + 4)
julia> ex = make_expr2(:+, 1, Expr(:call, :*, 5, 8))
:(2 + 5 * 8)
julia> eval(ex)
42
Macros¶
Macros provide a method to include generated code in the final body
of a program. A macro maps a tuple of arguments to a returned
expression, and the resulting expression is compiled directly rather
than requiring a runtime eval()
call. Macro arguments may include
expressions, literal values, and symbols.
Basics¶
Here is an extraordinarily simple macro:
macro sayhello()
return :( println("Hello, world!") )
end
Macros have a dedicated character in Julia’s syntax: the @
(at-sign),
followed by the unique name declared in a macro NAME ... end
block.
In this example, the compiler will replace all instances of @sayhello
with:
:( println("Hello, world!") )
When @sayhello
is given at the REPL, the expression executes
immediately, thus we only see the evaluation result:
julia> @sayhello()
"Hello, world!"
Now, consider a slightly more complex macro:
julia> macro sayhello(name)
return :( println("Hello, ", $name) )
end
This macro takes one argument: name
. When @sayhello
is
encountered, the quoted expression is expanded to interpolate
the value of the argument into the final expression:
julia> @sayhello("human")
Hello, human
We can view the quoted return expression using the function macroexpand()
(important note: this is an extremely useful tool for debugging macros):
julia> ex = macroexpand( :(@sayhello("human")) )
:(println("Hello, ","human"))
^^^^^^^
interpolated: now a literal string
julia> typeof(ex)
Expr
Hold up: why macros?¶
We have already seen a function f(::Expr...) -> Expr
in a previous section.
In fact, macroexpand()
is also such a function. So, why do macros
exist?
Macros are necessary because they execute when code is parsed, therefore, macros allow the programmer to generate and include fragments of customized code before the full program is run. To illustrate the difference, consider the following example:
julia> macro twostep(arg)
println("I execute at parse time. The argument is: ", arg)
return :(println("I execute at runtime. The argument is: ", $arg))
end
julia> ex = macroexpand( :(@twostep :(1, 2, 3)) );
I execute at parse time. The argument is: :((1,2,3))
The first call to println()
is executed when macroexpand()
is called. The resulting expression contains only the second println
:
julia> typeof(ex)
Expr
julia> ex
:(println("I execute at runtime. The argument is: ",$(Expr(:copyast, :(:((1,2,3)))))))
julia> eval(ex)
I execute at runtime. The argument is: (1,2,3)
Macro invocation¶
Macros are invoked with the following general syntax:
@name expr1 expr2 ...
@name(expr1, expr2, ...)
Note the distinguishing @
before the macro name and the lack of
commas between the argument expressions in the first form, and the
lack of whitespace after @name
in the second form. The two styles
should not be mixed. For example, the following syntax is different
from the examples above; it passes the tuple (expr1, expr2, ...)
as
one argument to the macro:
@name (expr1, expr2, ...)
It is important to emphasize that macros receive their arguments as
expressions, literals, or symbols. One way to explore macro arguments
is to call the show()
function within the macro body:
julia> macro showarg(x)
show(x)
# ... remainder of macro, returning an expression
end
julia> @showarg(a)
(:a,)
julia> @showarg(1+1)
:(1 + 1)
julia> @showarg(println("Yo!"))
:(println("Yo!"))
Building an advanced macro¶
Here is a simplified definition of Julia’s @assert
macro:
macro assert(ex)
return :( $ex ? nothing : throw(AssertionError($(string(ex)))) )
end
This macro can be used like this:
julia> @assert 1==1.0
julia> @assert 1==0
ERROR: AssertionError: 1 == 0
...
In place of the written syntax, the macro call is expanded at parse time to its returned result. This is equivalent to writing:
1==1.0 ? nothing : throw(AssertionError("1==1.0"))
1==0 ? nothing : throw(AssertionError("1==0"))
That is, in the first call, the expression :(1==1.0)
is spliced into
the test condition slot, while the value of string(:(1==1.0))
is
spliced into the assertion message slot. The entire expression, thus
constructed, is placed into the syntax tree where the @assert
macro
call occurs. Then at execution time, if the test expression evaluates to
true, then nothing
is returned, whereas if the test is false, an error
is raised indicating the asserted expression that was false. Notice that
it would not be possible to write this as a function, since only the
value of the condition is available and it would be impossible to
display the expression that computed it in the error message.
The actual definition of @assert
in the standard library is more
complicated. It allows the user to optionally specify their own error
message, instead of just printing the failed expression. Just like in
functions with a variable number of arguments, this is specified with an
ellipses following the last argument:
macro assert(ex, msgs...)
msg_body = isempty(msgs) ? ex : msgs[1]
msg = string(msg_body)
return :($ex ? nothing : throw(AssertionError($msg)))
end
Now @assert
has two modes of operation, depending upon the number of
arguments it receives! If there’s only one argument, the tuple of expressions
captured by msgs
will be empty and it will behave the same as the simpler
definition above. But now if the user specifies a second argument, it is
printed in the message body instead of the failing expression. You can inspect
the result of a macro expansion with the aptly named macroexpand()
function:
julia> macroexpand(:(@assert a==b))
:(if a == b
nothing
else
(Base.throw)(Base.Main.Base.AssertionError("a == b"))
end)
julia> macroexpand(:(@assert a==b "a should equal b!"))
:(if a == b
nothing
else
(Base.throw)(Base.Main.Base.AssertionError("a should equal b!"))
end)
There is yet another case that the actual @assert
macro handles: what
if, in addition to printing “a should equal b,” we wanted to print their
values? One might naively try to use string interpolation in the custom
message, e.g., @assert a==b "a ($a) should equal b ($b)!"
, but this
won’t work as expected with the above macro. Can you see why? Recall
from string interpolation that an
interpolated string is rewritten to a call to string()
.
Compare:
julia> typeof(:("a should equal b"))
String
julia> typeof(:("a ($a) should equal b ($b)!"))
Expr
julia> dump(:("a ($a) should equal b ($b)!"))
Expr
head: Symbol string
args: Array{Any}((5,))
1: String "a ("
2: Symbol a
3: String ") should equal b ("
4: Symbol b
5: String ")!"
typ: Any
So now instead of getting a plain string in msg_body
, the macro is
receiving a full expression that will need to be evaluated in order to
display as expected. This can be spliced directly into the returned expression
as an argument to the string()
call; see error.jl for
the complete implementation.
The @assert
macro makes great use of splicing into quoted expressions
to simplify the manipulation of expressions inside the macro body.
Hygiene¶
An issue that arises in more complex macros is that of
hygiene. In short, macros must
ensure that the variables they introduce in their returned expressions do not
accidentally clash with existing variables in the surrounding code they expand
into. Conversely, the expressions that are passed into a macro as arguments are
often expected to evaluate in the context of the surrounding code,
interacting with and modifying the existing variables. Another concern arises
from the fact that a macro may be called in a different module from where it
was defined. In this case we need to ensure that all global variables are
resolved to the correct module. Julia already has a major advantage over
languages with textual macro expansion (like C) in that it only needs to
consider the returned expression. All the other variables (such as msg
in
@assert
above) follow the normal scoping block behavior.
To demonstrate these issues,
let us consider writing a @time
macro that takes an expression as
its argument, records the time, evaluates the expression, records the
time again, prints the difference between the before and after times,
and then has the value of the expression as its final value.
The macro might look like this:
macro time(ex)
return quote
local t0 = time()
local val = $ex
local t1 = time()
println("elapsed time: ", t1-t0, " seconds")
val
end
end
Here, we want t0
, t1
, and val
to be private temporary variables,
and we want time
to refer to the time()
function in the standard library,
not to any time
variable the user might have (the same applies to
println
). Imagine the problems that could occur if the user expression
ex
also contained assignments to a variable called t0
, or defined
its own time
variable. We might get errors, or mysteriously incorrect
behavior.
Julia’s macro expander solves these problems in the following way. First,
variables within a macro result are classified as either local or global.
A variable is considered local if it is assigned to (and not declared
global), declared local, or used as a function argument name. Otherwise,
it is considered global. Local variables are then renamed to be unique
(using the gensym()
function, which generates new symbols), and global
variables are resolved within the macro definition environment. Therefore
both of the above concerns are handled; the macro’s locals will not conflict
with any user variables, and time
and println
will refer to the
standard library definitions.
One problem remains however. Consider the following use of this macro:
module MyModule
import Base.@time
time() = ... # compute something
@time time()
end
Here the user expression ex
is a call to time
, but not the same
time
function that the macro uses. It clearly refers to MyModule.time
.
Therefore we must arrange for the code in ex
to be resolved in the
macro call environment. This is done by “escaping” the expression with
esc()
:
macro time(ex)
...
local val = $(esc(ex))
...
end
An expression wrapped in this manner is left alone by the macro expander and simply pasted into the output verbatim. Therefore it will be resolved in the macro call environment.
This escaping mechanism can be used to “violate” hygiene when necessary,
in order to introduce or manipulate user variables. For example, the
following macro sets x
to zero in the call environment:
macro zerox()
return esc(:(x = 0))
end
function foo()
x = 1
@zerox
x # is zero
end
This kind of manipulation of variables should be used judiciously, but is occasionally quite handy.
Code Generation¶
When a significant amount of repetitive boilerplate code is required, it
is common to generate it programmatically to avoid redundancy. In most
languages, this requires an extra build step, and a separate program to
generate the repetitive code. In Julia, expression interpolation and
eval()
allow such code generation to take place in the normal course of
program execution. For example, the following code defines a series of
operators on three arguments in terms of their 2-argument forms:
for op = (:+, :*, :&, :|, :$)
eval(quote
($op)(a,b,c) = ($op)(($op)(a,b),c)
end)
end
In this manner, Julia acts as its own preprocessor, and allows code
generation from inside the language. The above code could be written
slightly more tersely using the :
prefix quoting form:
for op = (:+, :*, :&, :|, :$)
eval(:(($op)(a,b,c) = ($op)(($op)(a,b),c)))
end
This sort of in-language code generation, however, using the
eval(quote(...))
pattern, is common enough that Julia comes with a
macro to abbreviate this pattern:
for op = (:+, :*, :&, :|, :$)
@eval ($op)(a,b,c) = ($op)(($op)(a,b),c)
end
The @eval
macro rewrites this call to be precisely equivalent to the
above longer versions. For longer blocks of generated code, the
expression argument given to @eval
can be a block:
@eval begin
# multiple lines
end
Non-Standard String Literals¶
Recall from Strings that string literals prefixed by an identifier are called non-standard string literals, and can have different semantics than un-prefixed string literals. For example:
r"^\s*(?:#|$)"
produces a regular expression object rather than a stringb"DATA\xff\u2200"
is a byte array literal for[68,65,84,65,255,226,136,128]
.
Perhaps surprisingly, these behaviors are not hard-coded into the Julia parser or compiler. Instead, they are custom behaviors provided by a general mechanism that anyone can use: prefixed string literals are parsed as calls to specially-named macros. For example, the regular expression macro is just the following:
macro r_str(p)
Regex(p)
end
That’s all. This macro says that the literal contents of the string
literal r"^\s*(?:#|$)"
should be passed to the @r_str
macro and
the result of that expansion should be placed in the syntax tree where
the string literal occurs. In other words, the expression
r"^\s*(?:#|$)"
is equivalent to placing the following object
directly into the syntax tree:
Regex("^\\s*(?:#|\$)")
Not only is the string literal form shorter and far more convenient, but
it is also more efficient: since the regular expression is compiled and
the Regex
object is actually created when the code is compiled,
the compilation occurs only once, rather than every time the code is
executed. Consider if the regular expression occurs in a loop:
for line = lines
m = match(r"^\s*(?:#|$)", line)
if m === nothing
# non-comment
else
# comment
end
end
Since the regular expression r"^\s*(?:#|$)"
is compiled and inserted
into the syntax tree when this code is parsed, the expression is only
compiled once instead of each time the loop is executed. In order to
accomplish this without macros, one would have to write this loop like
this:
re = Regex("^\\s*(?:#|\$)")
for line = lines
m = match(re, line)
if m === nothing
# non-comment
else
# comment
end
end
Moreover, if the compiler could not determine that the regex object was constant over all loops, certain optimizations might not be possible, making this version still less efficient than the more convenient literal form above. Of course, there are still situations where the non-literal form is more convenient: if one needs to interpolate a variable into the regular expression, one must take this more verbose approach; in cases where the regular expression pattern itself is dynamic, potentially changing upon each loop iteration, a new regular expression object must be constructed on each iteration. In the vast majority of use cases, however, regular expressions are not constructed based on run-time data. In this majority of cases, the ability to write regular expressions as compile-time values is invaluable.
The mechanism for user-defined string literals is deeply, profoundly
powerful. Not only are Julia’s non-standard literals implemented using
it, but also the command literal syntax (`echo "Hello, $person"`
)
is implemented with the following innocuous-looking macro:
macro cmd(str)
:(cmd_gen($shell_parse(str)))
end
Of course, a large amount of complexity is hidden in the functions used in this macro definition, but they are just functions, written entirely in Julia. You can read their source and see precisely what they do — and all they do is construct expression objects to be inserted into your program’s syntax tree.
Generated functions¶
A very special macro is @generated
, which allows you to define so-called
generated functions. These have the capability to generate specialized
code depending on the types of their arguments with more flexibility and/or
less code than what can be achieved with multiple dispatch. While macros
work with expressions at parsing-time and cannot access the types of their
inputs, a generated function gets expanded at a time when the types of
the arguments are known, but the function is not yet compiled.
Instead of performing some calculation or action, a generated function declaration returns a quoted expression which then forms the body for the method corresponding to the types of the arguments. When called, the body expression is compiled (or fetched from a cache, on subsequent calls) and only the returned expression - not the code that generated it - is evaluated. Thus, generated functions provide a flexible framework to move work from run-time to compile-time.
When defining generated functions, there are three main differences to ordinary functions:
- You annotate the function declaration with the
@generated
macro. This adds some information to the AST that lets the compiler know that this is a generated function. - In the body of the generated function you only have access to the types of the arguments, not their values.
- Instead of calculating something or performing some action, you return a quoted expression which, when evaluated, does what you want.
It’s easiest to illustrate this with an example. We can declare a generated
function foo
as
julia> @generated function foo(x)
println(x)
return :(x*x)
end
foo (generic function with 1 method)
Note that the body returns a quoted expression, namely :(x*x)
, rather
than just the value of x*x
.
From the caller’s perspective, they are very similar to regular functions;
in fact, you don’t have to know if you’re calling a regular or generated
function - the syntax and result of the call is just the same.
Let’s see how foo
behaves:
# note: output is from println() statement in the body
julia> x = foo(2);
Int64
julia> x # now we print x
4
julia> y = foo("bar");
String
julia> y
"barbar"
So, we see that in the body of the generated function, x
is the
type of the passed argument, and the value returned by the generated
function, is the result of evaluating the quoted expression we returned
from the definition, now with the value of x
.
What happens if we evaluate foo
again with a type that we have already
used?
julia> foo(4)
16
Note that there is no printout of Int64
. The body of the generated
function is only executed once (not entirely true, see note below) when
the method for that specific set of argument types is compiled. After that,
the expression returned from the generated function on the first invocation
is re-used as the method body.
The reason for the disclaimer above is that the number of times a generated
function is generated is really an implementation detail; it might be only
once, but it might also be more often. As a consequence, you should
never write a generated function with side effects - when, and how often,
the side effects occur is undefined. (This is true for macros too - and just
like for macros, the use of eval()
in a generated function is a sign that
you’re doing something the wrong way.)
The example generated function foo
above did not do anything a normal
function foo(x)=x*x
could not do, except printing the type on the
first invocation (and incurring a higher compile-time cost). However, the
power of a generated function lies in its ability to compute different quoted
expression depending on the types passed to it:
julia> @generated function bar(x)
if x <: Integer
return :(x^2)
else
return :(x)
end
end
bar (generic function with 1 method)
julia> bar(4)
16
julia> bar("baz")
"baz"
(although of course this contrived example is easily implemented using multiple dispatch...)
We can, of course, abuse this to produce some interesting behavior:
julia> @generated function baz(x)
if rand() < .9
return :(x^2)
else
return :("boo!")
end
end
baz (generic function with 1 method)
Since the body of the generated function is non-deterministic, its behavior
is undefined; the expression returned on the first invocation will be
used for all subsequent invocations with the same type (again, with the
exception covered by the disclaimer above). When we call the generated
function with x
of a new type, rand()
will be called again to
see which method body to use for the new type. In this case, for one
type out of ten, baz(x)
will return the string "boo!"
.
Don’t copy these examples!
These examples are hopefully helpful to illustrate how generated functions work, both in the definition end and at the call site; however, don’t copy them, for the following reasons:
- the
foo
function has side-effects, and it is undefined exactly when, how often or how many times these side-effects will occur - the
bar
function solves a problem that is better solved with multiple dispatch - definingbar(x) = x
andbar(x::Integer) = x^2
will do the same thing, but it is both simpler and faster. - the
baz
function is pathologically insane
Instead, now that we have a better understanding for how generated functions work, let’s use them to build some more advanced functionality...
An advanced example¶
Julia’s base library has a sub2ind()
function to calculate a
linear index into an n-dimensional array, based on a set of n multilinear
indices - in other words, to calculate the index i
that can be used to
index into an array A
using A[i]
, instead of A[x,y,z,...]
. One
possible implementation is the following:
function sub2ind_loop{N}(dims::NTuple{N}, I::Integer...)
ind = I[N] - 1
for i = N-1:-1:1
ind = I[i]-1 + dims[i]*ind
end
return ind + 1
end
The same thing can be done using recursion:
sub2ind_rec(dims::Tuple{}) = 1
sub2ind_rec(dims::Tuple{},i1::Integer, I::Integer...) =
i1==1 ? sub2ind_rec(dims,I...) : throw(BoundsError())
sub2ind_rec(dims::Tuple{Integer,Vararg{Integer}}, i1::Integer) = i1
sub2ind_rec(dims::Tuple{Integer,Vararg{Integer}}, i1::Integer, I::Integer...) =
i1 + dims[1]*(sub2ind_rec(tail(dims),I...)-1)
Both these implementations, although different, do essentially the same thing: a runtime loop over the dimensions of the array, collecting the offset in each dimension into the final index.
However, all the information we need for the loop is embedded in the type information of the arguments. Thus, we can utilize generated functions to move the iteration to compile-time; in compiler parlance, we use generated functions to manually unroll the loop. The body becomes almost identical, but instead of calculating the linear index, we build up an expression that calculates the index:
@generated function sub2ind_gen{N}(dims::NTuple{N}, I::Integer...)
ex = :(I[$N] - 1)
for i = N-1:-1:1
ex = :(I[$i] - 1 + dims[$i]*$ex)
end
return :($ex + 1)
end
What code will this generate?
An easy way to find out, is to extract the body into another (regular) function:
julia> @generated function sub2ind_gen{N}(dims::NTuple{N}, I::Integer...)
sub2ind_gen_impl(dims, I...)
end
sub2ind_gen (generic function with 1 method)
julia> function sub2ind_gen_impl{N}(dims::Type{NTuple{N}}, I...)
length(I) == N || return :(error("partial indexing is unsupported"))
ex = :(I[$N] - 1)
for i = N-1:-1:1
ex = :(I[$i] - 1 + dims[$i]*$ex)
end
return :($ex + 1)
end
sub2ind_gen_impl (generic function with 1 method)
We can now execute sub2ind_gen_impl
and examine the expression it
returns:
julia> sub2ind_gen_impl(Tuple{Int,Int}, Int, Int)
:(((I[1] - 1) + dims[1] * (I[2] - 1)) + 1)
So, the method body that will be used here doesn’t include a loop at all
- just indexing into the two tuples, multiplication and addition/subtraction.
All the looping is performed compile-time, and we avoid looping during
execution entirely. Thus, we only loop once per type, in this case once
per N
(except in edge cases where the function is generated more than
once - see disclaimer above).


You confirmed a Mobilization
Read the documentation and start building your JavaScript app:
Looks like there was a problem saving the test object. Make sure you've set your application ID and javascript key correctly in the call to Parse.initialize
in this file.
We've also just created your first object using the following code:


Chester Billiards League 2017-2018
Will Thomas Cup
Results to our e-mail address please.
Or click the button
1st Round - to be played on 7th November 2017
200 up off handicap
Please note the handicaps to be used. These are the handicaps the players attained prior to the 1st round of the competition.
| Match | Place | Time | Home | Handicap | Handicap | Away | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1R1 | Waverton | 19:30 | Andy Sutton-Thompson | +100 | v | Phil Woolland | |
| 1R2 | Buckley Cons | 19:30 | Gordy Edwards | v | +100 | Nathan Garthlan | |
| 1R3 | " | " | Malcolm Hughes | +80 | v | Mike Bennett | |
| 1R4 | Broughton | 19:30 | Glyn Wilcock | v | -10 | Gareth Edwards | |
| 1R5 | " | " | Brian Hodgkinson | +100 | v | Eddie Duggan | |
| 1R6 | " | 20:15 | Harry Wah | v | SCR | Alan Norwood | |
| 1R7 | Grosvenor | 19:30 | Steve Evans | v | +65 | Frank Long | |
| 1R8 | " | " | I. Morris | v | +85 | Barry Evans | |
| 1R9 | " | 20:15 | Ken Massey | +50 | v | Ivor Norbury | |
| 1R10 | Ewloe | 19:30 | Antony Cooke | v | +35 | Colin Jones | |
| 1R11 | BYE | Bryn Hughes | +115 | v | BYE | ||
| 1R12 | BYE | Geoff Brassington | -135 | v | BYE | ||
| 1R13 | BYE | Phil Whiteside | -15 | v | BYE | ||
| 1R14 | BYE | Steve Bradshaw | -10 | v | BYE | ||
| 1R15 | BYE | Darren Robinson | +35 | v | BYE | ||
| 1R16 | BYE | Josh Nicholas | +35 | v | BYE |
2nd Round - to be played on 19th December 2017
200 up off handicap
| Match | Place | Time | Home | Handicap | Handicap | Away | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2R1 | Upton RBL | 19:30 | Colin Jones | +35 | v | -10 | Gareth Edwards |
| 2R2 | Broughton | 19:30 | Frank Long | +65 | v | +85 | Barry Evans |
| 2R3 | " | " | Brian Hodgkinson | +100 | v | +50 | Ken Massey |
| 2R4 | Ewloe | 20:15 | Steve Bradshaw | -10 | v | +115 | Bryn Hughes |
| 2R5 | Chester Conservative Club | 19:30 | Phil Whiteside | -15 | v | +100 | Nathan Gartlan |
| 2R6 | Waverton | 19:30 | Josh Nicholas | +85 | v | SCR | Alan Norwood |
| 2R7 | " | " | Andy Sutton-Thompson | +100 | v | +80 | Malcolm Hughes |
| 2R8 | " | 20:15 | Darren Robinson | +35 | v | -135 | Geoff Brassington |
3rd Round - to be played on 27th March 2018
200 up off handicap
| Match | Place | Time | Home | Handicap | Handicap | Away | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QF1 | Ewloe | 19:30 | Steve Bradshaw | -10 | v | +100 | Andy Sutton-Thompson |
| QF2 | Chester Cons | 19:30 | Phil Whiteside | -15 | v | +85 | Josh Nicholas |
| QF3 | Upton (Date to be arranged) | 19:30 | Colin Jones | +35 | v | +35 | Darren Robinson |
| QF4 | Broughton (Date to be arranged) | 19:30 | Brian Hodgkinson | +100 | v | +65 | Frank Long |
Semi Final - to be played on 10th April 2018
Dress Code
Now that we are at the Semi-Final stage of the competition, please note that the dress code comes
into operation.
No Jeans, trainers or collarless shirts please.
200 up off handicap
| Match | Place | Time | Home | Handicap | Handicap | Away | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SF1 | Buckley Cons | 19:30 | Steve Bradshaw | -10 | v | +85 | Josh Nicholas |
| SF2 | " | " | Frank Long | +35 | v | +65 | Darren Robinson |
Final - to be played at Waverton on 24th April 2018
200 up off handicap
| Score | Player 1 | Handicap | Handicap | Player 2 | Score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 | Steve Bradshaw | -10 | v | +65 | Frank Long | 177 |


{% extends 'registration/registrationbase.html' %} {% block content %}
We can't wait to show you the world!
Your username and password didn't match. Please try again.
{% endif %} {% if next %} {% if user.is_authenticated %}Your account doesn't have access to this page. To proceed, please login with an account that has access.
{% else %}Please login to see this page.
{% endif %} {% endif %}


{{< layout}} {{$propositionHeader}}{{/propositionHeader}} {{$pageTitle}}Information about urgent passport{{/pageTitle}} {{$header}} {{/header}} {{$main-content}}
This is a new service, not everyone can use it yet.
You'll need to:
An adult passport costs £128 using this service. If you're applying for
a child passport, you need to use Fast Track.


Servlet API - Release JDBC resources when finished.
Failing to close and release JDBC connections can cause other users to experience long waits for connections. Although a JDBC connection that is left unclosed will be reaped and returned by application server after a timeout period, others may have to wait for this to occur.
Close JDBC statements when you are through with them. JDBC java.jdbc.ResultSets can be explicitly closed as well. If not explicitly closed, java.jdbc.ResultSets are released when their associated statements are closed.
Example
import java.sql.*;
public class DemoJdbcResourceRelease {
void testOper () {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = DriverManager.getConnection ("some url");
stmt = conn.createStatement();
rs = stmt.executeQuery ("some query");
} catch (Exception e) {}
finally {
try {
// should have rs.close () and stmt.close ()
} catch (Exception e) {}
}
}
}
Tip: Ensure that your code is sturctured to close and release JDBC resources in all cases, even in exception and error conditions.
REFERENCE
IBM WebSphere Application Server Standard and Advanced Editions
by Harvey W. Gunther Date: September 7, 2000
http://www-4.ibm.com/software/webservers/appserv/ws_bestpractices.pdf


Found src:
aThis test check that when the domready event is really fast, we still manage to show the image and switch data-frz-src/src attributes.
This will still not work for scripts trying to get the src of lazyloaded images below the fold as their src will still be a blank data-uri image.


|
Perl Weekly
Issue #111 - 2013-09-09 - Fall is the Blooming Season
latest | archive | by Yanick Champoux
|
|
.. at least it seems to be in the world of software. New releases of cpanminus, Dada Mail, Sereal are popping ever which way, and intriguing new projects are appearing left and right. If September is any indication, this season we'll have a splendid harvest of new shiny toys to keep us warm, or at least entertained, during the long, dark winter months. ~ `/anick
|
|
|
|
Sponsors
|
We're Hiring Telecommuters - Grant Street Group
We're a growing software company using open source software/modern Perl practices to build innovative e-payment, auction, and tax collection web applications. We're looking for talented, motivated professionals committed to flawless work and customer service. Email resume<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
|
Announcements
|
|
|
The Next Sereal is Coming!
Sereal is a new-ish, wonderfully efficient binary serialization format. And Steffen Mueller is proud to announce that an even newer, improved version is soon coming out.
|
|
Dada Mail, v6.6.0 Released!
You're using Mailman, but find it a little long in the tooth? Maybe it's time to try out the competition...
|
|
PerlMotion - Perl For iOS
The title pretty much says it all. The project is very new but, as lestrrat reports, looks promising.
|
|
Articles
|
|
|
Discussion
|
Perl 6 isn't Perl
The philosophical nomenclature debate rages on. If it doesn't look like a duck, doesn't sound like a duck and doesn't quack like a duck, does calling it a duck qualifies as foul play? Probably, satorises Neil Bowers.
|
|
Parallel Universe Perl 6
"What If" scenarios. Maybe not the most practical exercises ever, but they can be darn entertaining (and make good movie plots). Here, Dave Cross muses aloud "If the Perl 6 we know hadn't come along, when/would Perl 5 releases ever incremented that stolid major version number?
|
|
Testing
|
Test::Class::Moose introductory video
For most cases, Test::More is all you need. But sometimes, just sometimes, you have to get the big guns. Ovid presents here one of those high caliber solutions.
|
|
|
|
Code
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Perl Modules: AnyEvent::ReadLine::Gnu
Ask any James Bond villain: building your drone army is only the first step. You also have to have an easy way to unleash them to do your bidding. In that optic, Timm Murray offers a way to control your favorite drones from the command line. Full history, tab-completion and cli goodness being all non-features, daaahling.
|
|
managing GitHub Issues labels
Ricardo Signes is migrating to the GitHub bug tracking system. He has... let's say a few repositories, and wants to synchronize the ticket labels across all of them. That would mean some very long typing sessions, if it wasn't for Github's comprehensive API, and a little bit of scripting.
|
|
Wx::Perl::Smart Design Decisions
Writing GUIs, it's always a pain. Yet, because we are all lazy at heart, we're endlessly toiling to make the task as easy as possible. Here, lichtkind presents the basic design decisions he took for Wx::Perl::Smart, his new contender in that Holy Quest for simplicity.
|
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Perl 6
|
|
|
Other
|
Top Github Languages for 2013 (so far)
Maxim Yemelyanov pointed recommended including a blog post comparing programming languages based on the number of new GitHub repositories. There are some interesting things in there so I (Gabor) wrote a post opening a discussion about it.
|
|
|
|
Fun
|
Where is App::Harmonograph ?
Old is the new new. Recently, Ovid re-implemented the engine for the Scott Adams games in Perl. Not to be left behind, litchkind now offers us an emulator of the 19th century instrument called Harmonograph, invented 1844 by Professor Blackburn.
|
|
Weekly collections
|
|
|
Events
|
YAPC::Asia Tokyo
September 19-21, 2013, Keio University Hiyoshi Campus, Tokyo, Japan
|
|
OSDC.fr
October 4-5, 2013, Paris, France
|
|
|
|
OSDC NZ
October 21-23, 2013, Auckland, New Zealand
|
|
You know, you could get the Perl Weekly right in your mailbox. Every Week. Free of charge!
|


Contributed to the design and development of a student machine shop safety system for the Faculty of Engineering,
involving a series of RFID student card reader embedded systems set up in a wireless personal area network. Programmed
Arduino microcontrollers using C++ and did Python programming on a Raspberry Pi for data processing. Designed printed
circuit boards using Autodesk Eagle. Prototyped and tested various hardware and software designs to demonstrate to faculty
staff members. Other tasks included computer and network maintenance and working at the IT support service desk.


loss = (positives_loss + negatives_loss)
if mask is not None:
loss = loss * mask.float()
return loss.mean()
loss = (positives_loss + negatives_loss)
if mask is not None:
mask = mask.float()
loss = loss * mask
return loss.sum() / mask.sum()
return loss.mean()


KAIST
Adobe Research
Adobe Research
Adobe Research
KAIST
Music similarity search is useful for a variety of creative tasks such as replacing one music recording with another recording with a similar “feel”, a common task in video editing. For this task, it is typically necessary to define a similarity metric to compare one recording to another. Music similarity, however, is hard to define and depends on multiple simultaneous notions of similarity (i.e. genre, mood, instrument, tempo). While prior work ignore this issue, we embrace this idea and introduce the concept of multidimensional similarity and unify both global and specialized similarity metrics into a single, semantically disentangled multidimensional similarity metric.
The dim-sim dataset is a collection of user-annotated music similarity triplet ratings used to evaluate music similarity search and related algorithms. Our similarity ratings are linked to the Million Song Dataset (MSD).
To collect our data, we randomly sampled 4,000 3-second triplets (i.e., anchor, song 1, song 2) from the MSD and asked people to annotate which track sounded more similar to the anchor (i.e., song 1 or song 2). Each triplet was annotated by 5-12 people, resulting in 39,440 raw human annotations. We then calculated the annotator agreement per triplet, defined as the ratio between the majority vote and total number of annotations, and filtered out triplets where the agreement was below 0.9, to create 879 high-agreement cleaned, human-annotated triplets. We have released both the raw and clean versions of the dataset in multiple formats discussed below.
The dataset can be downloaded from the zenodo link: https://zenodo.org/record/3889149#.XuovcxMzbyV.
We have released both CSV and JSON versions of the data for both the raw (raw-dim-sim
) and clean (clean-dim-sim
) annotations as described above. For a given triplet rating, the following data is provided:
triplet_id
anchor_id
anchor_start_seconds
anchor_start_samples
song1_id
song1_start_seconds
song1_start_samples
song2_id
song2_start_seconds
song2_start_samples
sampling_rate
clip_lengths_seconds
clip_lengths_samples
song1_vote
song2_vote
For the raw versions, song1_vote
and song2_vote
correspond to the total number of users that voted for the each song respectively. For the clean versions, the values of song1_vote
and song2_vote
are set to 0 or 1. All clips used were exactly 3 seconds long. The triplet_id
, song1_id
, and song2_id
denote the corresponding MSD track ID.
The dim-sim dataset is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
When dim-sim is used for academic research, we would highly appreciate it if scientific publications of works partly based on the dim-sim dataset cite the following publication:
@inproceedings{Lee2019MusicSimilarity,
title={Disentangled Multidimensional Metric Learning For Music Similarity},
author={Lee, Jongpil and Bryan, Nicholas J. and Salamon, Justin and Jin, Zeyu, and Nam, Juhan},
booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)},
year={2020},
organization={IEEE}
}


Find At Table Test
Your tests results are shown by default in the element whose id is testlog.
Name
Age
Homer Simpson
43
Bart Simpson
15
Lisa Simpson
14
Maggie Simpson
1
Marge Simpson
39
Abe Simpson
68


1939 Rules (version 1)
- The Rules of Diplomacy applies except on the following:
- There are the following main powers: Germany, Soviet
Union, Britain, France, Italy and Turkey.
- There are the following satellite powers: Poland, Finland,
Spain, Serbia and Rumania.
- Air units:
- Each capital (Berlin, Moscow, London, Paris, Rome and Istanbul) has one air unit, called
a plane.
- If a power has N capitals, it has N planes. When a power takes a capital, the specific
plane - in the next build turn - changes owner and restarts at that capital (if the
capital is occupied by other plane, the build must wait until next year).
- Line of Action (LoA):
- Planes have limited LoA. An air unit of a power must be in a province that is in contact
with a original province, a center or a unit of that power (even if an unit only gets in
contact as a result of that move).
- If the plane is supported by a unit that moves or retreats, the plane may became
out of its LoA, and in that case it must move. If there is no possible move, the plane is
destroyed and restarts on the player's capital in the next construction turn.
- If there is already another plane in the capital, the player can choose another of his
original centers. If no center is available, the plane must wait until one of those
centers gets available (i.e., with no planes).
- An original province can always support its own plane, even if that province is
conquered by another power.
- Movement:
- Planes orders are consisted of two parts, move and support.
- The move part tells where the plane goes: (a) hold its position, or (b) move to an
adjacent space inside its LoA.
- The support part tells what it does there: (a) hold the position, (b) bomb the land/sea
unit, or (c) support an order (an hold, a move or a convoy).
- Therefore, there are the six following possibilities:
- P A Hold Hold, the plane at A does nothing;
- P A Hold Bomb, the plane bombs the land/sea unit at A;
- P A Hold S order, the plane at A does not move and support a legal order;
- P A - B Hold, the plane just goes from A to B;
- P A - B Bomb, the plane goes from A to B, and bombs the land/sea unit;
- P A - B S order, the plane goes from A to B and support a legal order;
- Some extra notes:
- Armies and fleets cannot support any plane orders.
- The plane move part may be supported by other plane(s). So, it is possible that a plane
should retreat due to a supported plane movement into its space (check special case of
Malta below).
- In case of a retreat, the move and the support part are cut.
- In case of a bounce, the support part is cut.
- The plane support part cannot be supported by any unit.
- Bombing a air/sea unit cuts any support made by that unit.
- Bombing a fleet disrupts an unsupported convoy made by that fleet.
- A plane cannot claim a province, only armies and fleets.
- Planes may not cross Switzerland.
- Satellite Powers:
- Each satellite power is controlled by one or several main powers.
- Each unit can only move/support/convoy, if the controlling powers send the same move,
otherwise it holds its position.
- Each unit can only retreat, if the controlling powers send the same move, otherwise it
is destroyed.
- The build order must coincide, or else there is no build.
- The remove order must coincide, or else the Master removes the necessary units using a
random method.
- If a nation N controls a satellite and is eliminated, the satellite is controlled at
each turn by those nations holding the original centers of N in that turn.
- Satellite List:
- Poland is controlled by Britain and France.
- Finland is controlled by Germany and Britain.
- Rumania is controlled by Germany.
- Spain is controlled by Italy and Germany.
- Serbia is controlled by Soviet Union and Turkey.
Special Cases:
- Silesia: Due to the Blitzkrieg surprise attack against Poland, Germany
may put its Berlin army in Silesia just before the game starts.
- French Armada: The French unit at WMS is an extra unit that does not
have a center at the beginning.
- Sicily: The Italian island is connected to Naples by land.
- Malta: Britain has an extra plane in Malta that cannot be conquered
(except if Britain is killed, then it disappears). That plane can only fly in the
following spaces: ION, TYS and Sicily. It stays at Malta while there is no moving options
or retreats due to a plane attack. The plane starts at ION.
- Danzig: A German unit entering Danzig is always supported by East
Prussian Germans (EPr), i.e., they have force 2 when entering Danzig province.
- Africa Korps: If Germany wants, at Fall 1941, it can deploy one of its
armies to Libya. This is treated as a regular move (i.e., it can bounce or be supported).
- U.S.A.: At the Fall of 1942, Britain will have two extra armies (in
Agadir and Egypt) sended by the Americans (if some unit is placed there, it must retreat).
These armies are autonomous (they don't need provinces to survive), controlled by Britain
starting in Spring 1943, and exist until they are destroyed (they are not replaced) or
Britain falls.
- Air Jets: Between Fall of 1944 and Fall 1946 (5 seasons), German planes
have double strength (the jet invention). After that, they return to normal, since his
enemies also learn how to build jets.
Initial Placements:
- Germany - Army: Mun, Aus, Pra, Pru, Ber (or Sil); Fleet:
Kie; Plane: Ber.
- Soviet Union - Army: Kiv, Mos; Fleet: Len(sc), Sev; Plane:
Mos.
- Britain - Army: Liv; Fleet: Lon, Edi, Egy; Plane:
Lon, ION.
- Italy - Army: Tri, Lib; Fleet: Rom, Nap; Plane:
Rom.
- France - Army: Par, Mar; Fleet: Bre, Syr, WMS; Plane:
Par.
- Turkey - Army: Con, Kur; Fleet: Ank, Smy; Plane:
Con.
- Poland - Army: War, Kra; Fleet: Dan.
- Spain - Army: Mad; Fleet: Cat.
- Finland - Army: Fin, Osl.
- Rumania - Army: Buc.
- Serbia - Army: Ser.
The game starts at Fall 1939.
Wins who conquer 50%+1 centers, i.e., 25 centers to achieve victory (there are 48
centers in the map).
Map


CSPICE_DSKSRF finds the set of surface ID codes for all surfaces
associated with a given body in a specified DSK file.
Given:
dsk SPICE DSK files names.
[1,c] = size(dsk), char = class(dsk)
or
[1,m] = size(dsk), cell = class(dsk)
idcode the SPK ID code of a body for which topographic
data are present in the specified DSK files.
[1,1] = size(idcode); int32 = class(idcode)
room the maximum number of NAIF IDs to return from 'dsk'.
[1,1] = size(room), int32 = class(room)
srfids_i an optional input describing an array of DSK
ID codes. Inclusion of this array results in an output
array consisting of a union of the data retrieved from
the 'dsk' kernels and the data in 'srfids_i'.
[n,1] = size(srfids_i), int32 = class(srfids_i)
or
[0,0] = size(srfids_i), int32 = class(srfids_i)
the call:
srfids = cspice_dsksrf( dsk, idcode, room, srfids_i )
or
srfids = cspice_dsksrf( dsk, idcode, room )
returns:
srfids an array containing the union of `srfids_i'
and the ID codes of the surfaces associated with the
body designated by `bodyid', for which segments were
found in the indicated DSK file.
[p,1] = size(srfids), int32 = class(srfids)
The elements of `srfids' are unique; each ID
code in `srfids' appears only once, even if the DSK
file contains multiple segments for that ID code.
See the Examples section below for a complete
example program showing how to retrieve body and
surface ID codes from a DSK file.
Any numerical results shown for this example may differ between
platforms as the results depend on the SPICE kernels used as input
and the machine specific arithmetic implementation.
Use a simple function to display the DSK IDs found in a DSK or set of
DSKs, and the time coverage of the data corresponding to those IDs.
Example (1):
Examine a DSK file and identify the set of
central bodies associated with the segments
in the file. For each body, find the
set of surfaces associated with that body.
function dsksrf_t(DSK)
MAXID = 1000;
%
% Find the set of objects in the DSK file.
%
bodids = cspice_dskobj( DSK, MAXID );
for i=1:numel(bodids)
fprintf('Body ID: %d\n' , bodids(i) )
%
% Get the surface IDs for the Ith body.
%
srfids = cspice_dsksrf( DSK, bodids(i), MAXID );
for j=1:numel(srfids)
fprintf(' Surface ID: %d\n' , srfids(j) )
end
end
Matlab outputs:
>> dsksrf_t( 'hay_a_amica_5_itokawashape_v1_0_64q.bds' )
Body ID: 2025143
Surface ID: 2025143
The output lists the SPK IDs in the DSK and the surface IDs.
Example (2):
Matlab outputs:
Assign a DSK kernel list as:
>> dsk= { 'hay_a_amica_5_itokawashape_v1_0_64q.bds', ...
'megr90n000eb_LL000E00N_UR090E90N_plate.bds', ...
'megr90n000eb_LL000E90S_UR090E00S_plate.bds', ...
'megr90n000eb_LL090E00N_UR180E90N_plate.bds', ...
'megr90n000eb_LL090E90S_UR180E00S_plate.bds', ...
'megr90n000eb_LL180E00N_UR270E90N_plate.bds', ...
'megr90n000eb_LL180E90S_UR270E00S_plate.bds', ...
'megr90n000eb_LL270E00N_UR360E90N_plate.bds', ...
'megr90n000eb_LL270E90S_UR360E00S_plate.bds', ...
'phobos_3_3.bds' };
>> dsksrf_t(dsk)
Body ID: 401
Surface ID: 401
Body ID: 499
Surface ID: 499001
Body ID: 2025143
Surface ID: 2025143
The output lists all SPK IDs in the DSK set and all corresponding
surface IDs.
This routine provides an API via which applications can determine
the set of surfaces associated with a given body in a specified
DSK file. This routine is normally used together with cspice_dskobj.
For important details concerning this module's function, please refer to
the CSPICE routine dsksrf_c.
MICE.REQ
DSK.REQ
DAS.REQ
SETS.REQ
NAIF_IDS.REQ
-Mice Version 1.0.0, 18-FEB-2016, EDW (JPL), NJB (JPL)
get coverage window for dsk object
|


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Cylinders can be drawn from cubes.
Observe a glass from different perspectives.
Sketch a cylinder from different perspectives.
Play around with cylinders by cutting them up.


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--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/Simplifying.20out.20logical.20junk.html ---
How can the following theorem be proven:
theorem junk { p : Prop } { q : Prop } : (p ∨ (q → false))=p := begin sorry end
I don't think the theorem hold. If p
is false and q
is false too, the left hand side is true and the right hand side is false
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


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Medieval catalogues > BENEDICTINES: THE SHORTER CATALOGUES > Evesham > Books bequeathed by Prior Nicholas (d. 1392) and others
{% endif %}77 identified entries found.
All data was derived from the List of Identifications by Professor Richard Sharpe.
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This is a project for the Jetson Community and couldn't be possible without the effort of other developers. All the YoloV4 / Darknet code and documentation can be found here:
During the development of this project I use SSH, SCP and VNC Viewer for controlling and file-transfer from my PC to Jetson Nano board. You can control it directly from the board with a keyboard and mouse but this way is more unconfortable from my point of view:
For this project I used the Kaggle's Face Mask Detection dataset with 853 images belonging to 3 classes. Each image has one or many bounding boxes.
The classes are:
I recomend use Google Dataset Search to find any kind of dataset, in this case this dataset maybe its a bit small but I've got a good accuracy, if you want you can make it bigger with your own images or any other dataset.
Yolo needs an specific notation for train the model and .jpg file format, so first of all you have to go to images folder and run:
$> sudo apt-get install imagemagick
$> #mogrify -format jpg *.png
# create new folder for output images
$> mkdir ../obj & mogrify -format jpg -path ../obj *.png
$> python3 xml_to_yolo.py
If you haven't any library just install it with pip/pip3.
After that you will have one .txt per .xml file, train.txt and test.txt, obj folder contain the same format as darknet, now just copy it into darknet/data/ (These file has a split 90/10 of the total of bounding boxes).
cp -r obj ../darknet/data/
cp train.txt ../darknet/data/
cp test.txt ../darknet/data/
cp obj.names ../darknet/data/
cp obj.data ../darknet/data/
All the YoloV4 code is develop by AlexeyAB/darknet, there you can find great documentation and examples about how to train, metrics, etc.
First of all you have to clone AlexeyAB repository
$ git clone https://github.com/AlexeyAB/darknet.git
$ cd darknet
Edit the Makefile with:
GPU=1
CUDNN=1
CUDNN_HALF=1
OPENCV=1
AVX=0
OPENMP=1
LIBSO=1
ZED_CAMERA=0
ZED_CAMERA_v2_8=0
......
USE_CPP=0
DEBUG=0
ARCH= -gencode arch=compute_53,code=[sm_53,compute_53]
......
NVCC=/usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc
And run make:
$ make
After that the project is compiled and just need the trained weights to run it. I recommend to use Tiny-Yolo if you want a higher FPS performance. You can download both from AlexeyAB repository:
To run darknet just:
./darknet detector demo cfg/coco.data \
cfg/yolov4-tiny.cfg \
yolov4-tiny.weights \
-c 0
The -c 0
means using the camera (V4L2) device at /dev/video0
.
To train a new YoloV4-Tiny model just follow AlexeyAB steps or use my files and .weights. It takes about 20 hours to finish the 6000 steps (2000x3 classes).
To run with my trainning:
./darknet detector demo cfg/obj.data \
cfg/yolov4-tiny-masks.cfg \
yolov4-tiny-obj_last.weights \
-c 0
To finish the project I wanted to use this detections to create "traffic lights", that's just a silly experiment but the possibilities are endless...
Once you have the model loaded you can run it from darknet_video.py or darknet_images.py, on this case I use darknet_images.py import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
and added an if-else statement to control detections and set high-low values to the pins output.
The circuit I created if this one with 2 leds and 2 PN2222 transistors one for the green led and the other one for the red.
The pins are mapped this way:
pinGreen = 18 #Green led -> Pin 12 on the board
pinRed = 24 #Red led -> Pin 18 on the board
Thats an useful image to see how BCM maps works:
Live demo: