class: title-slide, left, middle background-image: url("images/tidymodels.svg") background-position: 85% 50% background-size: 30% background-color: #F9F8F3 .pull-left[ # Creating Models ## Max Kuhn ### New York R Conference ### Repo: [https://github.com/topepo/2021-nyr-workshop](https://github.com/topepo/https://github.com/topepo/2021-nyr-workshop) ] --- layout: false class: inverse, middle, center # [`tidymodels.org`](https://www.tidymodels.org/) # _Tidy Modeling with R_ ([`tmwr.org`](https://www.tmwr.org/)) --- # Define the score of "The Model" In tidymodels, there is the idea that a model-oriented data analysis consists of - a preprocessor, and - a model The preprocessor might be a simple formula or a sophisticated recipe. It's important to consider both of these activities as part of the data analysis process. - Post-model activities should also be included there (e.g. calibration, cut-off optimization, etc.) - We don't have those implemented yet. --- # Basic tidymodels components  --- # A relevant example Let's say that we have some highly correlated predictors and we want to reduce the correlation by first applying principal component analysis to the data. - AKA principal component regression --- # A relevant example Let's say that we have some highly correlated predictors and we want to reduce the correlation by first applying principal component analysis to the data. - AKA ~~principal component regression~~ feature extraction --- # A relevant example Let's say that we have some highly correlated predictors and we want to reduce the correlation by first applying principal component analysis to the data. - AKA ~~principal component regression~~ feature extraction What do we consider the estimation part of this process? --- # Is it this?  --- # Or is it this?  --- # What's the difference? It is easy to think that the model fit is the only estimation steps. There are cases where this could go really wrong: * Poor estimation of performance (buy treating the PCA parts as known) * Selection bias in feature selection * Information leakage These problems are exacerbated as the preprocessors increase in complexity and/or effectiveness. _We'll come back to this at the end of this section_ --- layout: false class: inverse, middle, center # Data splitting --- layout: false class: inverse, middle, center background-color: #FFFFFF # Always have a separate piece of data that can contradict what you believe --- # Data splitting and spending How do we "spend" the data to find an optimal model? We _typically_ split data into training and test data sets: * ***Training Set***: these data are used to estimate model parameters and to pick the values of the complexity parameter(s) for the model. * ***Test Set***: these data can be used to get an independent assessment of model efficacy. **They should not be used during model training** (like, at all). --- # Data splitting and spending The more data we spend, the better estimates we'll get (provided the data is accurate). Given a fixed amount of data: * Too much spent in training won't allow us to get a good assessment of predictive performance. We may find a model that fits the training data very well, but is not generalizable (overfitting) * Too much spent in testing won't allow us to get a good assessment of model parameters Statistically, the best course of action would be to use all the data for model building and use statistical methods to get good estimates of error. From a non-statistical perspective, many consumers of complex models emphasize the need for an untouched set of samples to evaluate performance. --- # Large data sets When a large amount of data are available, it might seem like a good idea to put a large amount into the training set. _Personally_, I think that this causes more trouble than it is worth due to diminishing returns on performance and the added cost and complexity of the required infrastructure. Alternatively, it is probably a better idea to reserve good percentages of the data for specific parts of the modeling process. For example: * Save a large chunk of data to perform feature selection prior to model building * Retain data to calibrate class probabilities or determine a cutoff via an ROC curve. Also, there may be little need for iterative resampling of the data. A single holdout (aka validation set) may be sufficient in some cases if the data are large enough and the data sampling mechanism is solid. --- # Mechanics of data splitting There are a few different ways to do the split: simple random sampling, _stratified sampling based on the outcome_, by date, or methods that focus on the distribution of the predictors. For stratification: * **classification**: this would mean sampling within the classes to preserve the distribution of the outcome in the training and test sets * **regression**: determine the quartiles of the data set and sample within those artificial groups For _time series_, we often use the most recent data as the test set. --- # Splitting with Chicago data `initial_split()` can be used when we use randomness to make the split. Let's put the last two weeks of data into the test set. `initial_time_split()` can be used for this purpose: ```r chi_split <- initial_time_split(Chicago, prop = 1 - (14/nrow(Chicago))) chi_split ``` ``` ## <Analysis/Assess/Total> ## <5684/14/5698> ``` ```r chi_train <- training(chi_split) chi_test <- testing(chi_split) c(training = nrow(chi_train), testing = nrow(chi_test)) ``` ``` ## training testing ## 5684 14 ``` --- layout: false class: inverse, middle, center # Creating models in R --- # Specifying models in R using formulas To fit a model to the housing data, the model terms must be specified. Historically, there are two main interfaces for doing this. The **formula** interface using R [formula rules](https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-release/R-intro.html#Formulae-for-statistical-models) to specify a _symbolic_ representation of the terms: Variables + interactions ```r # day_of_week is not in the data set but day_of_week = lubridate::wday(date, label = TRUE) model_fn(ridership ~ day_of_week + Western + day_of_week:Western, data = chi_train) ``` Shorthand for all predictors ```r model_fn(ridership ~ ., data = chi_train) ``` Inline functions / transformations ```r model_fn(log10(ridership) ~ ns(Western, df = 3) + ., data = chi_train) ``` --- # Downsides to formulas * You can't nest in-line functions such as `model_fn(y ~ pca(scale(x1), scale(x2), scale(x3)), data = dat)`. * All the model matrix calculations happen at once and can't be recycled when used in a model function. * For very _wide_ data sets, the formula method can be [extremely inefficient](https://rviews.rstudio.com/2017/03/01/the-r-formula-method-the-bad-parts/). * There are limited _roles_ that variables can take which has led to several re-implementations of formulas. * Specifying multivariate outcomes is clunky and inelegant. * Not all modeling functions have a formula method (consistency!). --- # Specifying models without formulas Some modeling function have a non-formula (XY) interface. This usually has arguments for the predictors and the outcome(s): ```r # Usually, the variables must all be numeric pre_vars <- c("Austin", "Clark_Lake", "California") model_fn(x = chi_train[, pre_vars], y = chi_train$ridership) ``` This is inconvenient if you have transformations, factor variables, interactions, or any other operations to apply to the data prior to modeling. Overall, it is difficult to predict if a package has one or both of these interfaces. For example, `lm` only has formulas. There is a **third interface**, using _recipes_ that will be discussed later that solves some of these issues. --- # A linear regression model Let's start by fitting an ordinary linear regression model to the training set. You can choose the model terms for your model, but I will use a very simple model: ```r simple_lm <- lm(ridership ~ Clark_Lake + humidity, data = chi_train) ``` Before looking at coefficients, we should do some model checking to see if there is anything obviously wrong with the model. To get the statistics on the individual data points, we will use the awesome `broom` package: ```r simple_lm_values <- augment(simple_lm) names(simple_lm_values) ``` ``` ## [1] "ridership" "Clark_Lake" "humidity" ".fitted" ".resid" ".hat" ## [7] ".sigma" ".cooksd" ".std.resid" ``` --- layout: false class: inverse, middle, center # Fitting via tidymodels --- # The parsnip package .pull-left-a-lot[ - A tidy unified _interface_ to models - `lm()` isn't the only way to perform linear regression - glmnet for regularized regression - stan for Bayesian regression - keras for regression using tensorflow - But...remember the consistency slide? - Each interface has its own minutiae to remember - parsnip standardizes all that! ] .pull-right-a-little[  ] --- # parsnip in action .pull-left[ 1) Create specification 2) Set the engine 3) Fit the model ```r spec_lin_reg <- linear_reg() spec_lin_reg ``` ``` ## Linear Regression Model Specification (regression) ## ## Computational engine: lm ``` ```r spec_lm <- spec_lin_reg %>% set_engine("lm") spec_lm ``` ``` ## Linear Regression Model Specification (regression) ## ## Computational engine: lm ``` ] .pull-right[ ```r fit_lm <- fit( spec_lm, ridership ~ Clark_Lake + humidity, data = chi_train ) fit_lm ``` ``` ## parsnip model object ## ## Fit time: 2ms ## ## Call: ## stats::lm(formula = ridership ~ Clark_Lake + humidity, data = data) ## ## Coefficients: ## (Intercept) Clark_Lake humidity ## 1.7645 0.8837 -0.0025 ``` Note: Models have default engines. We don't really need to use `set_engine("lm")` for this example. ] --- # Alternative engines With parsnip, it is easy to switch to a different engine, like Stan, to run the same model with alternative backends. .pull-left[ ```r spec_stan <- spec_lin_reg %>% # Engine specific arguments are # passed through here set_engine("stan", chains = 4, iter = 1000) # Otherwise, looks exactly the same! fit_stan <- fit( spec_stan, ridership ~ Clark_Lake + humidity, data = chi_train ) ``` ] .pull-right[ ```r coef(fit_stan$fit) ``` ``` ## (Intercept) Clark_Lake humidity ## 1.766884 0.883777 -0.002576 ``` ```r coef(fit_lm$fit) ``` ``` ## (Intercept) Clark_Lake humidity ## 1.764496 0.883693 -0.002497 ``` ] --- # Duplicate computations Note that, for both of these fits, some of the computations are repeated. For example, the formula method does a fair amount of work to figure out how to turn the data frame into a matrix of predictors. When there are special effects (e.g. splines), dummy variables, interactions, or other components, the formula/terms objects have to keep track of everything. In cases where there are a lot of _predictors_, these computations can consume a lot of resources. If we can save them, that would be helpful. The answer is a _workflow_ object. These bundle together a preprocessor (such as a formula) along with a model. --- # A modeling _workflow_ We can _optionally_ bundle the recipe and model together into a pipeline _workflow_: ```r reg_wflow <- workflow() %>% # attached with the tidymodels package add_model(spec_lm) %>% add_formula(ridership ~ Clark_Lake + humidity) # or add_recipe() or add_variables() reg_fit <- fit(reg_wflow, data = Chicago) reg_fit ``` ``` ## ══ Workflow [trained] ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ ## Preprocessor: Formula ## Model: linear_reg() ## ## ── Preprocessor ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ## ridership ~ Clark_Lake + humidity ## ## ── Model ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ## ## Call: ## stats::lm(formula = ..y ~ ., data = data) ## ## Coefficients: ## (Intercept) Clark_Lake humidity ## 1.76582 0.88386 -0.00255 ``` --- # Swapping models ```r stan_wflow <- reg_wflow %>% update_model(spec_stan) set.seed(21) stan_fit <- fit(stan_wflow, data = Chicago) stan_fit ``` ``` ## ══ Workflow [trained] ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ ## Preprocessor: Formula ## Model: linear_reg() ## ## ── Preprocessor ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ## ridership ~ Clark_Lake + humidity ## ## ── Model ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ## stan_glm ## family: gaussian [identity] ## formula: ..y ~ . ## observations: 5698 ## predictors: 3 ## ------ ## Median MAD_SD ## (Intercept) 1.8 0.2 ## Clark_Lake 0.9 0.0 ## humidity 0.0 0.0 ## ## Auxiliary parameter(s): ## Median MAD_SD ## sigma 3.1 0.0 ## ## ------ ## * For help interpreting the printed output see ?print.stanreg ## * For info on the priors used see ?prior_summary.stanreg ``` --- # Workflows Once the first model is fit, the preprocessor (i.e. the formula) is processed and the model matrix is formed. New models don't need to repeat those computations. Some other nice features: * Workflows are smarter with data than `model.matrix()` in terms of new factor levels. * Other preprocessors can be used: recipes and `dplyr::select()` statements (that do no data processing). * As will be seen later, they can help organize your work when a sequence of models are used. * A workflow captures the entire modeling process (mentioned earlier) and a simple `fit()` and `predict()` sequence are used for all of the estimation parts. --- # Using workflows to predict ```r # generate some bogus data (instead of using the training or test sets) set.seed(3) shuffled_data <- map_dfc(Chicago, ~ sample(.x, size = 10)) predict(stan_fit, shuffled_data) %>% slice(1:3) ``` ``` ## # A tibble: 3 × 1 ## .pred ## <dbl> ## 1 15.9 ## 2 18.5 ## 3 17.4 ``` ```r predict(stan_fit, shuffled_data, type = "pred_int") %>% slice(1:3) ``` ``` ## # A tibble: 3 × 2 ## .pred_lower .pred_upper ## <dbl> <dbl> ## 1 10.2 22.0 ## 2 12.5 24.5 ## 3 11.3 23.4 ``` --- # The tidymodels prediction guarantee! .pull-left-a-lot[ * The predictions will always be inside a **tibble**. * The column names and types are **unsurprising**. * The number of rows in `new_data` and the output **are the same**. ] .pull-right-a-little[  ] This enables the use of `bind_cols()` to combine the original data and the predictions. --- # Evaluating models tidymodels has a [lot of performance metrics](https://yardstick.tidymodels.org/reference/index.html) for different types of models (e.g. binary classification, etc). Each takes a tibble as an input along with the observed and predicted column names: ```r pred_results <- predict(stan_fit, shuffled_data) %>% bind_cols(shuffled_data) # Data was randomized; these results should be bad pred_results %>% rmse(truth = ridership, estimate = .pred) ``` ``` ## # A tibble: 1 × 3 ## .metric .estimator .estimate ## <chr> <chr> <dbl> ## 1 rmse standard 6.17 ``` --- # Multiple metrics/KPIs A _metric set_ can bundle multiple statistics: ```r reg_metrics <- metric_set(rmse, rsq, mae, ccc) # A tidy format of the results pred_results %>% reg_metrics(truth = ridership, estimate = .pred) ``` ``` ## # A tibble: 4 × 3 ## .metric .estimator .estimate ## <chr> <chr> <dbl> ## 1 rmse standard 6.17 ## 2 rsq standard 0.304 ## 3 mae standard 4.36 ## 4 ccc standard 0.434 ``` --- # broom methods parsnip and workflow fits have corresponding broom tidiers: ```r glance(reg_fit) ``` ``` ## # A tibble: 1 × 12 ## r.squared adj.r.squared sigma statistic p.value df logLik AIC BIC ## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> ## 1 0.781 0.781 3.07 10157. 0 2 -14477. 28963. 28989. ## # … with 3 more variables: deviance <dbl>, df.residual <int>, nobs <int> ``` ```r tidy(reg_fit) ``` ``` ## # A tibble: 3 × 5 ## term estimate std.error statistic p.value ## <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> ## 1 (Intercept) 1.77 0.222 7.96 2.07e-15 ## 2 Clark_Lake 0.884 0.00621 142. 0 ## 3 humidity -0.00255 0.00294 -0.867 3.86e- 1 ``` --- # broom methods For `augment()` we require the data to predict and attach ```r augment(reg_fit, shuffled_data %>% select(Clark_Lake, humidity, ridership)) ``` ``` ## # A tibble: 10 × 4 ## Clark_Lake humidity ridership .pred ## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> ## 1 16.3 78 6.36 15.9 ## 2 19.2 70 19.3 18.5 ## 3 17.8 45 15.7 17.4 ## 4 19.9 50 4.31 19.3 ## 5 18.7 61 18.7 18.1 ## 6 2.13 54.5 8.44 3.51 ## # … with 4 more rows ```


Databases
Documentation
-
This project uses YARD for its documentation. It will allow you a quick glimpse at documentation on all logic associated with the project.
-
To regenerate documentation in the command line type
yard doc
.
Configuration
-
Proxy URL
-
CAS Authentication
-
Time Zone
-
Campus IP Range
-
Deault HelpText / HelpURL
IDEA's on Implementation
-
YAML File of Configs
-
Interface and Database Storage of Configs
-
Rails Global Variable Scopes
-
Forcing An Interface to Write to a File of Configs then setting a rails global that is checked before each server startup. The server startup will determine if the setup is needed and should be checked on before_filter. If the before_filter doesn't pass then it should show the interface and have the interface show the needed variables.
Temporary Development Documentation
Scaffold and Generate Commands
Base Generated Scaffolds from the Schema
-
bin/rails generate model AccessPlainText name:text --no-migration
-
bin/rails generate model AccessType name:string --no-migration
-
bin/rails generate scaffold Admin::Database name:string status:integer years_of_coverage:string url:string off_campus_url:string updated:string full_text_db:integer new_database:integer trial_database:integer help:text help_url:text description:text created_date:integer updated_date:integer popular:integer trial_expire_date:integer alumni:integer title_search:string --no-migration
-
bin/rails generate scaffold DatabaseStatus name:string --no-migration
-
bin/rails generate model DatabaseCurations database:references subject:references sort:integer --no-migration
-
bin/rails generate scaffold DatabasesResourceType database:references resource:references --no-migration
-
bin/rails generate scaffold DatabasesSubject database:references subject:references --no-migration
-
bin/rails generate scaffold IpLocation ip_range:string name:string --no-migration
-
bin/rails generate scaffold News name:string --no-migration
-
bin/rails generate scaffold ResourceType name:string --no-migration
-
bin/rails generate scaffold Statistic dbID:integer location:integer access_date:integer referrer:string ip_address:string --no-migration
-
bin/rails generate scaffold Subject name:string url:string --no-migration
-
bin/rails generate scaffold UpdateText name:string --no-migration
-
bin/rails generate model Vendor name:string url:string --no-migration
Development Notes
OLD APP FUNCTIONALITY
CONNECT.PHP
This is the heart of the “stable url” in the databases application. The URL_ID is the unique identifier for all of the databases. If you click on a URL it will look at where you are and what access conditions need to be met, then create the URL for your use case and forward you to the appropriate URL. The easiest use case as I can tell so far is if your on campus it sends you to the URL, if your off campus and off campus use is allowed it sends you to a proxyURL that allows you to sign in appropriately.
Access / access_types
This is oddly written in the old application. The connect.php file handles this along with the URLByID that grabs a string of intergers from the database that is custom to each database, then forwards the user to the appropriate database.
The access types are the interesting bit here, it really only checks 2
things. The first is the location, $location =
(ipAddr::onsite())?1:0;
to determine if the browser is on campus or
not, then if the access_type
id is less than 2 and the user is
not on campus then it sends a message that the database is only avaliable
on campus.
Assuming the location is off campus or doesn't match the ip
configurations, a proxy url is added onto the URL. This also includes the
access_type id being number 2. $url =
sprintf("%s%s",$localvars->get("proxyURL"),$url);
If neither of those conditions are met, it simply goes to the database URL which seems odd to me, but maybe that is expected functionality.
Access Types
[1, \"Campus Only for some titles\"],
[2, \"Campus and Remote (Requires WVU Login)\"],
[3, \"Unrestricted Access (No Login Required)\"],
[28, \"Password Access for Alumni\"],
[30, \"Downtown Library Only\"],
[32, \"Off-Campus Requires Account\"],
[33, \"Create password with a WVU email address\"],
[34, \"WVU MyID to read or listen\"],
[35, \"Create Account with WVU Email\"]
Access Plain Text
This seems to only be used in the forms and may hold no real use case value. It is going to need to be investigated as to what that was meant to be used for and what the actual use of it currently is.
Current Use: There are references of accessPlainText only in the menus and in the administration form. This appears to be deprecated.
Database Stats
Statistics are being kept on each database by which database the user is trying to access. These statistics simply contains the dbID, location, access date, referrer, nad ip address.


PureBasic - Packer
Overview
The packer library provides an efficient set of functions to compress and uncompress data and manage archives. Several packer formats are supported from ZIP to LZMA.
Command Index
AddPackFile
AddPackMemory
ClosePack
CompressMemory
CreatePack
ExaminePack
NextPackEntry
OpenPack
PackEntryName
PackEntrySize
PackEntryType
UncompressMemory
UncompressPackFile
UncompressPackMemory
UseBriefLZPacker
UseJCALG1Packer
UseLZMAPacker
UseTarPacker
UseZipPacker
Example
Packer.pb
Supported OS
All


Hello {username}, To reset your password, please click the link below: Reset my password {site_name} Team.


Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in
the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis); that it is not under
consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication has been approved by all coauthors, if
any, as well as by the responsible authorities at the institute where the work has been carried out;
that, if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic
transfer of the copyright to the publisher; that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in
any language without the consent of the copyright holders; that written permission of the copyright
holder is obtained by the authors for material used from other copyrighted sources; and that any
costs associated with obtaining this permission are the authors' responsibility.
Authors are strongly encouraged to submit manuscripts online. This will allow even quicker and more
efficient processing of your manuscript.
Manuscripts should be typewritten or prepared on a word processor, with all material double-spaced,
on one side of letter-sized paper, with suitably wide margins. All pages should be numbered
consecutively, beginning with page 1, the title page. Tables and figures should be numbered
serially, and legends to illustrations should be prepared on separate sheets. Tables and figures
will be placed near their first mention in the text; all tables and figures must be referred to in
the manuscript.
Title Page: The following elements must be included:
- Title of the article
- Name(s) and initial(s) of author(s), preferably with first names spelled out
- Affiliation(s) of author(s)
- Footnotes to the contribution title
- Name, address, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address of the corresponding author
Abstract: Each article is to be preceded by a succinct abstract, of up to 250 words, that highlights
the objectives, methods, results, and conclusions of the paper.
Key Words: To identify the subjects under which the article may be indexed, 6-10 key words should be
provided.
References: In the text, references to the literature should be by author and year; where there are
two authors, both should be named; with three or more only the first author's name plus "et al."
need be given. The list at the end of the paper should include only works mentioned in the text and
should be arranged alphabetically by name of first author. References should be cited as
follows:
- Journal papers -- name(s) and initial(s) of author(s), year in brackets, full title, name of
the journal as abbreviated in Chemical Abstracts, volume number, first and last page
numbers:
Quiring R, Walldorf U, Koter U, Gehring WJ (1994) Homology of the eyeless gene
of Drosophila to the small eye gene in mice and aniridia in humans. Science 265:785
- Books -- name(s) of author(s), year in brackets, full title, edition, publishers, place of
publication, page number:
Maizels N, Weiner AM (1993) The genomic tag hypothesis: modern
viruses as fossils of ancient strategies for genomic replication. In: Gesteland RF, Atkins
JF (eds) The RNA world. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, pp. 577 -- 602
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic references rests entirely with the author, who is
requested to use as few "in press" citations as possible. In press citations must include the name
of the journal that has accepted the paper.
Footnotes: Those in the text should be numbered consecutively. Footnotes to the title or authors of
the article are marked by asterisks and placed on the title page.
Sequences: Sequences that are used merely as data points in statistical calculations or graphs
should, if possible, be referred to by their accession numbers only. Authors should be quoted by
name when their sequences are discussed individually or presented in alignments.
Illustrations: These should be suitable for reproduction, and should clarify or shorten the text.
Information provided in figure legends should not be repeated in the text. Figures and graphs should
always be mentioned in the text and numbered with Arabic numerals. Preferred file formats include
.tif and .jpg; please see Manuscript Central for more details.
Color Figures: Color can be used without charge for the electronic edition of the journal but will
appear in the printed version of the journal at the author's expense: $1150.00 per article.
Computer Software: Any software referred to among methods used must be obtainable either
commercially or upon request from the authors. In submitting a manuscript to the Journal, authors
accept the obligation to furnish upon request any information necessary for reproducing the
methodologies on which their results are based. The methods used for preparing and analyzing
alignments must be stated precisely.
Mathematical Equations: These should be clearly prepared, and annotated if necessary. Primes and
dots must be called to the attention of the typesetter. Differentiate legibly between number 1,
capital letter I, and lower case letter l. Use fractional exponents instead of root signs and the
solidus (/) for fractions wherever their use will save vertical space. Use exp () notation when the
exponent is sizable. All equations must be numbered sequentially, on the right-hand side of the
column, in parenthetic Arabic numerals.
Organisms: Must be identified by their scientific binomen.
Homology: The term should not be used in the sense of structural similarity but only in its
biological sense of derivation of structures from a common ancestral structure.
Abbreviations, Symbols, Units, etc.: Acronyms and symbols must be defined at first mention, in
titles, abstracts, as well as within the text. For nomenclature, abbreviations, symbols, and units,
authors should follow internationally accepted rules, including those adopted by the Commission on
Biochemical Nomenclature.
Submitted manuscripts must not have been published previously nor be under consideration for
publication elsewhere. Moreover submission to the journal will be deemed to imply that the
manuscript will not be submitted elsewhere if accepted. Publication of paper in the journal
automatically transfers the copyrights from the authors to the publishers.
Please note that all papers accepted for this journal are subject to originality checking. To avoid
potential problems, please ensure that all citations and sources are fully disclosed at the point of
submission. A guide to citations can be viewed here.
The language of the manuscript should be English only.
Authors must retain a copy of every contribution, as these will not be sent along with the proofs to
be corrected by the authors.
For general guidance on every stage of the publication process, please visit
Author Services website.
For editing support, including translation and language polishing, explore
Editing Services website.
Title Name
Author Name *
Author Affiliation
Author Name †
Author Affiliation
Author Name §
Author Affiliation
Author Name ‡
Author Affiliation
*E-mail: l
†E-mail: y
§E-mail: h
‡E-mail: h
Abstract
Abstract Text
Mathematics Subject Classification: 0
Keywords: l
1. Introduction (Heading-1)
Body text
1.1 Heading-2
Body text
1.1.1 Heading-3
Body text
1. Indent - 1
1. Indent - 2
Figure Numbering
Figure 1: <……..Text……….>
Table Numbering
Table 1: <………Text …………….>
References
[1] ………
[2] ……
The references should be cited in text with [1],[2],[3]… and so on. They should be ordered in
ascending order only. The reference list should be made as follows:
Research paper:
Mo, Y., Kim, T.H.J., Brancik, K., Dickinson, D., Lee, H., Perrig, A. and Sinopoli, B., 2011.
Cyber–physical security of a smart grid infrastructure. Proceedings of the IEEE, 100(1),
pp.195-209.
Book:
Fennelly, L., 2016. Effective physical security. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Conference paper:
Suh, G.E. and Devadas, S., 2007, June. Physical unclonable functions for device authentication and
secret key generation. In 2007 44th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (pp. 9-14). IEEE.


last updated at {{DATE}}
Recent traces are bright yellow; older traces fade to dark red. Colors are per-hour, until the darkest layer which contains everything from 9 hours ago to the end of the storm. (fullscreen)
Please keep in mind that GPS data is lossy, as is the map-matching process used to snap traces to road geometry.


The page you were looking for does not seem to exist.
You may want to check out the user-admin interface instead.


I really love dummy text. Yes I know lorem ipsum is the way to go when you are trying to be professional but like who doesn't love cupcake gibberish?! Or priate gibberish?! or quotes from your favorite movies or tv shows? It just brings me joy each time I check my site in browsers. Life is all about celebrating the small things!


--- title: Ref2 slug: ref2 output: blogdown::html_page: template: ../pandoc/toc-title_html.template toc: true ---
Look here over the course of the semester for resources, links, and tips on how to succeed in the course, how to write well, and other things of interest related to microeconomics.


class ReceiveStateAndRefFlow<out T : ContractState> : Flow<@JvmSuppressWildcards List<StateAndRef<T>>>
The ReceiveStateAndRefFlow should be called in response to the SendStateAndRefFlow.
This flow is a combination of FlowSession.receive and resolve. This flow will receive a list of StateAndRef and perform the resolution back-and-forth required to check the dependencies. The flow will return the list of StateAndRef after it is resolved.
<init> |
The ReceiveStateAndRefFlow should be called in response to the SendStateAndRefFlow. ReceiveStateAndRefFlow(otherSideSession: FlowSession) |
flowEngine |
lateinit var flowEngine: FlowEngine |
call |
fun call(): List<StateAndRef<T>> |


CXRWatcher
Automated Chest X-Ray analyzer
LUO
Back muscle neurostimulator for faster recovery after surgery
SpineAnalyzer
MRI stenosis detector
SpineAnalyzer
Automated spine deformations analysis
Blood Analyzer
Toolset for blood microscopy analysis
MammoCAD
Automated mammography analysis


This package contains the navigation files for the different robotic platforms.
Content
The package contains the following folders:
- config: Navigation configuration files (1 folder per base)
- base_local_planner_params.yaml: Parameters for the local planner (TrajectoryPlannerROS) and the global planner (NavfnROS) of move_base
- costmap_common_params.yaml: Parameters for the local and global costmap with the obstacle sources
- global_costmap_params.yaml: Parameters for the global costmap
- local_costmap_params.yaml: Parameters for the local costmap
- smoother.yaml: Parameters for the yocs_velocity_smoother
- launch: ROS launch files
- localization.launch: Starts the robot base and RTAB-Map in localization mode.
- mapping.launch: Starts the robot base and RTAB-Map in mapping mode.
- mapping.rviz: RViz config save file with the correct display to monitor mapping.
- navigation.launch: Starts move_base node with the params from the config folder.
- navigation.rviz: RViz config save file with the correct display to monitor navigation.
- patrolExecutive.launch: Starts the ROS node that can execute a patrol on the robot.
- teleop.launch: Starts the teleop node.
- include: Contains the specific launch files for the hardware setup of each robot.
- bases: Launch files for the specific base of the robot
- frames: Frames of reference for the sensors
- sensors: Lidar and camera launch files
- securbot_bringup.launch: Starts the robot with the appropriate base, frames and sensors.
- rtabmap_bringup.launch: Starts RTAB-Map in mapping or localization according to the provided arguments.
- virtualDevices.launch: Start the map image generator and create the virtual cameras trough V4L2 loopback that will be opened by EasyRTC.
- template_launch_files: Contains templates for creating new launch files.
- demo:
- securbot_demo.launch: Start the full SecurBot demo with RTAB-Map in mapping mode. It allows teleoperation and patrol trough the web interface.
- scripts: Python scripts for the waypoint navigation
- test: Test scripts for the package's scripts based on the ROS test framework and Python unittest.
Usage
Visit the wiki for examples on how to use these files.


Creates a parcoords-like object that can be used to customize and control a parcoords that has already been rendered. For use in Shiny apps and Shiny docs only.
parcoordsProxy(parcoordsId, session = shiny::getDefaultReactiveDomain(), deferUntilFlush = TRUE)
| parcoordsId | single-element character vector indicating the output ID of the parcoords to modify (if invoked from a Shiny module, the namespace will be added automatically) |
|---|---|
| session | the Shiny session object to which the map belongs; usually the default value will suffice |
| deferUntilFlush | indicates whether actions performed against this
instance should be carried out right away, or whether they should be held
until after the next time all of the outputs are updated; defaults to
|
Normally, you create a parcoords chart using the parcoords
function.
This creates an in-memory representation of a parcoords that you can customize.
Such a parcoords can be printed at the R console, included in an R Markdown
document, or rendered as a Shiny output.
In the case of Shiny, you may want to further customize a parcoords, even after it is rendered to an output. At this point, the in-memory representation of the parcoords is long gone, and the user's web browser has already realized the parcoords instance.
This is where parcoordsProxy
comes in. It returns an object that can
stand in for the usual parcoords object. The usual parcoords functions
can be called, and instead of customizing an in-memory representation,
these commands will execute on the live parcoords instance.


System Architect Picture "Measured Characteristic"
Parent Diagram:
Subject Characteristic
(OMT Object Model)


|
42h
v0.1
Simplified shell
|
Buffer structure and functions. More...
#include "../lexer/lexer.h"
Go to the source code of this file.
Data Structures | |
| struct | buffer |
Macros | |
| #define | BUFFER_SIZE 512 |
| #define | HUGE_BUFFER_SIZE 100000 |
Functions | |
| struct buffer * | new_buffer (void) |
| Create buffer. More... | |
| struct buffer * | new_huge_buffer (void) |
| void | append_buffer (struct buffer *buffer, char c) |
| Append characters to the buffer. More... | |
| void | append_huge_buffer (struct buffer *buffer, char c) |
| void | append_string_to_buffer (struct buffer *buffer, char *str) |
| Append string to the buffer. More... | |
| void | append_string_to_huge_buffer (struct buffer *buffer, char *str) |
| void | free_buffer (struct buffer *buffer) |
| Free the buffer. More... | |
| size_t | buffer_len (struct buffer *buffer) |
| Give the len of the buffer. More... | |
| void | append_word_if_needed (struct lexer *lexer, struct buffer *buffer) |
| Append word to buffer. More... | |
| void | flush (struct buffer *buffer) |
| Empty a string buffer. More... | |
Buffer structure and functions.
| #define BUFFER_SIZE 512 |
| #define HUGE_BUFFER_SIZE 100000 |
| void append_buffer | ( | struct buffer * | buffer, |
| char | c | ||
| ) |
Append characters to the buffer.
| buffer | |
| c |
| void append_huge_buffer | ( | struct buffer * | buffer, |
| char | c | ||
| ) |
| void append_string_to_buffer | ( | struct buffer * | buffer, |
| char * | str | ||
| ) |
Append string to the buffer.
| buffer | |
| str |
| void append_string_to_huge_buffer | ( | struct buffer * | buffer, |
| char * | str | ||
| ) |
Append word to buffer.
| lexer | |
| buffer |
| size_t buffer_len | ( | struct buffer * | buffer | ) |
Give the len of the buffer.
| buffer |
| void flush | ( | struct buffer * | buffer | ) |
Empty a string buffer.
| buffer | the string to be clear. |
| void free_buffer | ( | struct buffer * | buffer | ) |
Free the buffer.
| buffer |
| struct buffer* new_buffer | ( | void | ) |
Create buffer.
| struct buffer* new_huge_buffer | ( | void | ) |


ApplicationFrameHeader defines a header for an O2 frame - it must be used together with an ApplicationFrameFooter. The reason is that the footer
closes some of the tags that the header opens.
A paragraph
or
Settings
Some text
Status:
useCloseAction [_closeApplicationFrame()]
url - a url to the content of the frame
disableScrollBar [0]
showSettingsButton [0] - not sure if this works
showCloseButton [0]
objectId - the id of the object being edited (is used to find the path)
extraPath - a comma-separated list of strings that should be appeanded to the path calculated using "objectId"
path - a comma-separated list of strings making up the path to the application
content - addCell, addHeaderButton or addSeparator tags
statusBar [0] - if a status bar should be included or not
content - addCell or addCellSeparator tags
Adds a button in the header.
width - the width of the cell
action - Javascript code to be executed when the button is clicked
id
icon
content - the button text
The addHeaderButton tag is only available inside the ApplicationFrameHeader tag.
width - the width of the cell
action - Javascript code to be executed when the cell is clicked
id
icon
content - the content you want to add to the header or footer
The addCell tag is only available inside ApplicationFrameHeader and ApplicationFrameFooter tags.
Adds a little extra space between cells in the ApplicationFrameHeader or ApplicationFrameFooter.
width - the extra distance between the cells (for example width="10px")
The addCellSeparator tag is only available inside ApplicationFrameHeader and ApplicationFrameFooter tags.


Source: Wikipedia.org & britannica.com
Introduction
There are more than 500 native languages spoken in Nigeria. The official language in Nigeria is English, as it was colonised by the British. Communication in English is much more popular in the urban part of Nigeria than it is in the rural part.
These languages are categorised into three linguistic groups: Afro-Asiatic, Niger-Congo, and Nilo-Saharan. Niger-Congo group is further classified into branches, including the Kwa subgroup, spoken in the extreme southwestern corner of the country; the Ijoid branch, spoken in the Niger Delta region; the Atlantic subgroup, which most notably includes Fula; the extensive Benue-Congo subgroup, which includes Tiv, Jukun, Edo, Igbo, Igala, Idoma, Nupe, Gwari, Yoruba, and several languages of the Cross River basin such as Efik, Ibibio, Anang, and Ekoi; and the Adamawa-Ubangi languages, such as Awak, Waja, Waka, and Tula, spoken in northern Nigeria. The Nilo-Saharan group is represented in Nigeria principally by Kanuri, although speakers of Bagirmi and Zerma are also present in the country. Afro-Asiatic is a much larger linguistic group and comprises Hausa, Margi, and Bade, amongst others. Some people (such as the Fulani and the Tiv) are relatively recent immigrants, but on the basis of modern linguistic research, it is thought that the great majority of Nigerian languages, specifically the Kwa subgroup have been spoken in roughly the same locations for some 4,000 years.
Although there are many languages spoken in Nigeria, but the three major languages are Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa. These languages are spoken by millions of Nigerians.
Languages
Below are some of the languages spoken in Nigeria with the states they are spoken in.
| Language | State Spoken in |
|---|---|
| Achipa | kebbi |
| Afade | Borno, Yobe |
| Afrikaans | Lagos |
| Angas | Bauchi, Jigawa, Plateau |
| Auyoka | Jigawa |
| Babur | Adamawa, Borno, Taraba, Yobe |
| Banso | Adamawa |
| Basa | Kaduna, Kogi, Niger, Plateau |
| Buduma | Borno, Niger |
| Bura | Birno, Adamawa, Yobe |
| Chama | Bauchi |
| Dakarkari | Niger, Kebbi |
| Ebirra | Edo, Kogi, Ondo |
| Ebu | Edo, Kogi |
| Egun | Lagos, Osun |
| Fula | Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Niger, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe |
| French | Bordering states of Nigeria |
| Geruma | Bauchi, Plateau |
| Gwari | Kaduna, Niger, FCT, Nasarawa |
| Hausa | Bauchi, Borno, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Kaatsina, Kebbi, Niger, Taraba, Sokoto, Zamfara |
| Idoma | Benue, Taraba |
| Igala | Kogo |
| Igbo | Abia, Anambra, Benue, Delta, Ebonyi, Enugu, Imo, Rivers |
| Itsekiri, Isoko | Delta |
| Kanuri | Borno, Kaduna, Adamawa, Kano, Niger, Jigawa, Plateau, Taraba, Yobe |
| Urhobo | Delta |
| Yoruba | Kwara, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Ekiti, Kogi |


{% load i18n %} {% load cache %} {% load static %} {% load twlight_wikicode2html %} {% get_current_language as LANGUAGE_CODE %} {% comment %} To be used in presenting lists of partners plus key data about them. Provides a tile. Including templates are responsible for laying out these tiles and supplying a `partner` variable (presumed to be an instance of class Partner). {% endcomment %}


Just the Baby Yoda Parts of The Mandalorian
by Kathryn VanArendonk, Jen Chaney, Jackson McHenryOnce upon a time in a galaxy far, far away, Disney made a new streaming service called Disney+. In order to get everyone interested in Disney+, it made a new Star Wars TV show called The Mandalorian, featuring an unbearably adorable creature who does not yet have a name but whom everyone immediately called Baby Yoda.
The people embraced Baby Yoda, who was sweet and good and very tiny. But then Disney decided that GIFs of this beautiful being should be removed from the internet! In spite of this obstacle, a dedicated band of fans on the forest moon of Vulture joined forces with ace illustrator Martin Gee, intent on spreading the good news of Baby Yoda. So with no further ado, here is the story of the cutest li’l green baby to grace the galaxy in eons.
Episode 1 and Episode 2
One day, a bounty hunter named the Mandalorian took a job to find a mysterious target. He found the target hidden in a small, floating ball. But when he opened the ball, Baby Yoda was inside!
The Mandalorian was surprised to find a baby, but he still had to take Baby Yoda back to his ship. Off they go!
Other bounty hunters tried to steal Baby Yoda, so the Mandalorian pushed him out of danger.
After the Mandalorian got hurt in the fight, Baby Yoda felt bad and tried to make him feel better with the Force. It didn’t work. Poor Baby Yoda!
The Mandalorian took Baby Yoda back to his ship. The ship was broken, but Baby Yoda was still happy to be there.
Baby Yoda ate a frog!
Before the Mandalorian could fix his ship, he had to fight a big, mean monster. Baby Yoda got very worried.
Baby Yoda used the Force to save the Mandalorian from the mean monster. It was hard work, and it made him very, very tired.
Baby Yoda had to take a long nap after his adventure. Sleep well, Baby Yoda!
Episode 3
After waking up, Baby Yoda wanted to play with the levers in the Mandalorian’s ship.
But when the Mandalorian brought Baby Yoda to the evil people who were hunting him, Baby Yoda started to feel scared.
A mean man named Werner Herzog paid the Mandalorian for capturing Baby Yoda, and then he took Baby Yoda away. Bad Werner Herzog!
Baby Yoda didn’t understand why the Mandalorian was sending him away.
It made the Mandalorian sad to think about Baby Yoda getting hurt by Werner Herzog, so he decided to rescue Baby Yoda. When the Mandalorian found Baby Yoda, he was inside a scary machine that made him sleep.
The Mandalorian and Baby Yoda tried to escape, but the bad people wouldn’t let them go … until the Mandalorian’s friends came to help!
The Mandalorian and Baby Yoda fly off in the Mandalorian’s ship. At last, Baby Yoda got to play with his favorite toy!


Speech
The Education Secretary warns of the devastating impact a vote to leave the EU will have on young people’s life chances.
Thank you, June [Sarpong, Britain Stronger in Europe Board Member] and Amber [Atherton, founder of My Flash Trash], for that kind introduction.
It’s a pleasure to be here today and thank you to the Fashion Retail Academy for hosting us.
Earlier this year I had the pleasure of visiting the academy with Sir Philip Green. Founded and led by giants of fashion and retail, the college is a great example of our vision for employers to play a key role in designing courses that give young people the skills they really need, and those that will help them succeed in the workplace.
Two weeks ago, I published an education white paper - ‘ Educational excellence everywhere ’ - setting out our plans for how we would continue the work to reform and improve our schools over the course of this Parliament.
From improving how teachers are trained, to tackling educational cold spots, to giving all schools the freedoms that come with academy status, our white paper was about making sure that the next generation are receiving the sort of high-quality education they need to succeed in adult life. To make sure they leave school able to compete, not just against their peers in the UK , but from across the world, in what is an increasingly globalised labour market.
And to do that we have to make sure that young people are able to engage with the world as global citizens, that they know about the world beyond our country’s borders. It’s also about ensuring that we give young people the opportunities that allow them to make the most of their education and the chance to realise their talents.
I passionately believe that our membership of the European Union supports all of those things.
It does so by not only making our country more prosperous, but also by offering young people opportunities, right across the continent, opportunities which leaving the EU would certainly put at risk.
It’s those opportunities and risks for young people that I want to talk about today.
In doing so, I also want to send out the message to young people, loud and clear, that this is a decision which, whatever way it is ultimately decided, will shape the rest of their lives.
My message to them is to make sure that they make their voice heard in that debate, and not to have the decision made for them by other people.
After all, the whole reason that this referendum is taking place is because David Cameron made a commitment to the British people to let them decide.
So it won’t be a decision taken by politicians in Westminster, it will be a decision taken by every single adult British citizen who chooses to take part, and that must include young adults.
Because it is young people who arguably have the most at stake.
One of the reasons that the Great Recession was so damaging was that it hit young people the hardest. Youth unemployment soared, entry level jobs were cut and graduate opportunities were closed off.
I don’t think it’s hyperbole to say that we risked seeing a lost generation in this country.
In fact you only have to look at Greece, Spain or Portugal, to see how easily that could have been the case, with scores of young people unable to fulfil their potential and display their talents because of economic turmoil.
That’s the simple reason why tackling youth employment and making sure young people have the education and skills to get a job has been at the heart of our long term economic plan.
It’s why we made the difficult decisions which were necessary to rebuild a strong economy, so we could offer the promise of a better future to the next generation.
Undeniably, there is still work to be done, but the outlook for young people entering adulthood in 2016 is a far cry from where it was in 2010.
There are now a third of a million fewer 16- to 24-year-olds unemployed with a 25% drop in the rate of young people who are not in education, training or employment and the lowest number of 16-to-18 NEETs on record.
This year graduate recruiters are expecting 8% more vacancies - a 10-year high.
It’s thanks to the growing economy that we are making good progress on delivering our pledge of 3 million apprenticeships, with a significant recent rise in the number of 16-to-19 apprentices.
That doesn’t leave us any room for complacency, but things are significantly brighter for a young person leaving school today than they were 5 years ago.
A vote to leave the European Union would put all of that progress, and young people’s future prospects at risk.
CBI analysis has shown that a vote to leave could cost 950,000 jobs, leaving the unemployment rate between 2 and 3% higher; a report from the LSE last week showed that the average household is likely to see a fall in income of between £850 and £1,700 and new research out today from Adzuna shows that firms are already cutting back on advertising jobs because of their fear of a Brexit.
And we know it’s young people who will face the brunt of the damage a vote to leave would bring.
Because the Great Recession demonstrated the stark reality that when we experience economic shocks, the likes of which we could suffer if we leave the EU , it’s young people who suffer. As we saw in that recession, the largest increases in the rate of unemployment were among these young people.
That shouldn’t be a surprise - when the economy struggles and firms stop hiring, it’s those at entry level who they stop recruiting for first.
Even those jobs that are advertised receive many more applicants from higher skilled, older workers and second earners, meaning young people, looking for their first big break, are crowded out.
I know of one student who was told his graduate offer was at risk if the UK didn’t stay in Europe, as that firm was considering moving jobs elsewhere. He certainly isn’t alone.
It’s clear, that if Britain leaves Europe it will be young people who suffer the most, left in limbo while we struggle to find and then negotiate an alternative mode. In doing so we risk that lost generation becoming a reality. And everyone who casts their vote must understand that.
If parents and grandparents vote to leave, they’ll be voting to gamble with their children and grandchildren’s future.
At a time when people are rightly concerned about inter-generational fairness, the most unfair decision that the older generation could make would be to take Britain out of Europe and damage the ability of young people to get on in life.
But it’s not just the risks of leaving that mean young people should vote for us to remain.
The opportunities afforded by the ability to work, study and travel in Europe are particularly important and exciting to young people as they plan their adult lives.
Taking them in turn:
The EU offers young people the opportunity to work anywhere within its borders.
So they can start a career as an engineer for Volkswagen in Wolfsburg in Germany, or spend a year as an English language teacher in Nice or as we’re here at the British Fashion Retail Academy, take the opportunity to work in the fashion capitals of Paris, Milan and Barcelona.
And young people can do this all without the hassle and risk of employment visas and time limits - free to stay for as long as they want and travel back to Britain when they want.
In fact, estimates suggest that there are more than 1.2 million British citizens taking advantage of freedom of movement and living in Europe - over 180,000 in France, over 250,000 in Ireland and almost 310,000 in Spain. I myself spent time working in Amsterdam and that experience of working abroad was invaluable, giving me new experiences and broadening my horizons.
Young people also benefit from the fact that people come from the EU to work in the UK as well.
To take just one example, relevant to my own department, we currently have over 1,000 language assistants from the EU teaching in British schools. That means hundreds of thousands of pupils are having the opportunities to have their study of French, German and Spanish supported by native speakers.
Which leads me on to the opportunities that the EU offers young people to study in Europe.
Being in the EU means young people have the chance to study at any of the thousands of European Universities. They have the flexibility to do so for either part of their studies, for a summer language course or for their entire degree.
In fact in 2013 there were over 20,000 British students studying in the European Union.
That is no surprise given that language skills and international experience is regularly cited by employers as a key competency they look for in job applications.
And students from other EU countries who choose to study here generate around £2.27 billion for the UK economy, supporting around 19,000 jobs.
Then there are the opportunities to travel.
For many young people travelling around the continent is a rite of passage before they settle down into adult life.
Whether it’s inter-railing, backpacking or city hopping.
Being in the EU makes it easier and safer to travel around the countries of Europe.
Young people traveling in Europe don’t have to worry about a myriad of visas and entry requirements and they don’t have to worry about the cost of falling ill because the European Health Insurance Card means they’ll be treated for free or at a reduced cost no matter which country they are in, with students covered for the duration of their course or foreign assignment.
And perhaps most importantly for young people traveling on tight budgets, our EU membership makes it much cheaper to travel as well.
The cost of flights is down by 40% thanks to EU action and the cost of using a mobile phone in Europe down by almost three-quarters, with roaming charges due to be scrapped completely in the next year. Meaning there’s no excuse not to make that call home!
But I know for many young people, the main reason that they want Britain to remain in a reformed Europe, is about more than simply weighing up the risks of leaving and the benefits of staying.
The fundamental reason why many young people think it’s important that we stay in the EU is because of what our membership of that block of 28 nations, says about our country and our place in the world.
They want Britain to be an outward looking country that engages with the world, they want us to choose internationalism over isolation.
This is the generation of Instagram, Easy Jet and Ebay.
They don’t want to see a Britain cut off from the world, where not only their opportunities, but our influence as a country, ends at our shores.
These young people have grown up in a world where international cooperation, economic growth, technological advancements and social media, have seen barriers being torn down across the world.
They want that to continue, for their lives to become ever more open, not for us to put up walls and go the other way.
They’ve grown up in a Europe which hasn’t seen war or conflict within its borders in over 70 years, which they know is in no small part a product of multinational cooperation. And they’ve seen first-hand how the EU is able to face down emerging threats, like Russian aggression.
Young people want to see the UK working internationally to tackle the big problems and issues that they care about because they want to make their world a better place.
Whether it’s sexual and gender equality, tackling poverty or protecting the environment and tackling climate change, the young people like those I often speak to at Loughborough University in my constituency, want to see the UK leading the fight against these global ills, and they know that our voice and impact are magnified by playing a leading role through the EU as part of a group of 28 nations.
The EU provides development assistance to 150 countries and is the largest aid donor in the world. We exercise considerable influence to ensure that aid is maximised, and it’s thanks to our lobbying that the vast majority of that aid goes directly to low-income countries.
As Minister for Women and Equalities, I’ve witnessed first-hand the important work that the EU does, driven by the UK ’s leadership, in tackling issues such as FGM , human trafficking and forced marriage, which blight the lives of women across the globe.
And I’ve seen the impact that EU funding has in supporting projects which make a real difference to women’s lives.
Projects ranging from giving counselling and support to women accused of witchcraft and excluded from their communities in Burkina Faso, to providing training to 2,000 former female soldiers in Indonesia to help them find new employment.
And it’s thanks to our influence that the EU development agency has become much more focused on the rights of women and girls, leading to the EU Council declaring in December that gender equality in development is now an EU priority.
At the same time as we seek to secure global equality for LGBT people, the fact that there is an EU wide commitment to eliminating discriminatory laws and policies against LGBT people makes a profound difference – and in particular the fact that the EU has made ending the death penalty for same-sex relationships a key priority in terms of its diplomatic efforts.
On these issues, issues which young people don’t just care about, but expect us to be making a difference on, our role in Europe allows us to achieve real change and improve the lives of vulnerable people and groups around the world.
In short being in the EU allows us to exercise even more clout on the world stage, while at the same time allowing us to keep our distinct national identity.
That’s what most young people want to see, they are rightly proud of our culture, heritage and everything that makes us British. But they want us to be a nation confident enough to realise that working through international organisations doesn’t mean we have to compromise on any of that.
So my view is that our membership of the European Union not only offers young people significant opportunities, it also ensures we’re the type of engaged and outward-facing nation that those young people want to live in.
And as I started this speech by saying, I want young people to make sure their voices are heard in this debate - whichever side of the debate they might be on - otherwise they risk having the decision made by other people, their future decided for them, not by them.
As political scientist Larry Sabato rightly says: “Elections are decided by the people who turn up.”
And the evidence from elections and referendums in the past is that young people are the least likely to do that - estimates suggest that 18- to 24-year-olds were almost half as likely to have voted in the 2015 election compared to over 65s.
So firstly I’d ask young people to make sure they’re registered to vote, and to register by the 18th of April so that they can vote in the local, mayoral and police and crime commissioner elections that are taking place across the country as well, but at the very latest by the week of the 6th of June. It takes no more than 5 minutes and can be done online.
Secondly, on June 23rd I hope young people make sure they have their say on the future of their country, to make the decision about the type of country they want to spend their adult life living in, by casting their vote.
Thirdly, to those young people, I want say this - don’t think you have to keep your opinion on the EU debate to yourself. Go out and make the case to others and in particular your older friends and relatives. Make sure they know what the vote means for you.
In the Irish gay marriage referendum, young people made a real difference to the outcome, not just through their own vote, but by calling their parents and grandparents to tell them why it was so important to vote in favour. And I’d encourage young people here in the UK to do the same - tell your grandparents why you want Britain to remain in the EU and why they should vote to do the same.
And finally to those of you like me, who even on a generous interpretation, no longer fall into the ‘young person’ category.
I’d simply ask this - when you cast your vote, remember that you’re making a decision on the future of this country and shaping our country for generations to come.
I’d ask you to think about the impact of that vote, not just on your lives, but on that of your children and grandchildren.
I’d ask you to ask yourselves - what the impact of that leap into the dark will mean for them and others in the next generation.
I want to spend the next few years making sure that we build on the opportunities now available to young people, not trying to repair the damage that a vote to leave would do to them.
I want us to use our position in a reformed Europe, to demand more for the next generation and I want that generation to grow up in a nation comfortable enough with its own identity to work with others and lead on the international stage.
That’s why I’ll be voting to remain and why I’d urge all of you to do the same.
Thank you.
Published: 29 March 2016


aaa bbb
* and this is pre-formatted content * and it should be printed just like this * and not formatted as a list


Generated Mon Mar 25 15:17:05 NZDT 2019. FHIR version 4.1.0 for hl7.fhir.nz.base#3.0.1 (canonical = http://hl7.org.nz/fhir)
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 232, column 1600 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/nzethnicity.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/nzethnicity" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 232, column 1757 | error | The link 'ValueSet/ethnic-group-level-4.html' for "NZ Ethnicity Level 4" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 233, column 1596 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/patient-birthplace.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/patient-birthplace" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 234, column 1546 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/patient-nzcitizenship.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/patient-nzcitizenship" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 239, column 1737 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/informationsource.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/informationsource" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 239, column 1906 | error | The link 'ValueSet/nzinfosource.html' for "Information Source" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 256, column 1690 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/nzethnicity.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/nzethnicity" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 257, column 1686 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/patient-birthplace.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/patient-birthplace" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 258, column 1636 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/patient-nzcitizenship.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/patient-nzcitizenship" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 270, column 1823 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/informationsource.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/informationsource" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 462, column 1600 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/nzethnicity.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/nzethnicity" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 462, column 1757 | error | The link 'ValueSet/ethnic-group-level-4.html' for "NZ Ethnicity Level 4" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 463, column 1596 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/patient-birthplace.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/patient-birthplace" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 464, column 1546 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/patient-nzcitizenship.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/patient-nzcitizenship" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 469, column 1737 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/informationsource.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/informationsource" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 469, column 1906 | error | The link 'ValueSet/nzinfosource.html' for "Information Source" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 484, column 1690 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/nzethnicity.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/nzethnicity" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 485, column 1686 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/patient-birthplace.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/patient-birthplace" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 486, column 1636 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/patient-nzcitizenship.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/patient-nzcitizenship" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/a at Line 498, column 1823 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/informationsource.html' for "http://hl7.org.nz/fhir/StructureDefinition/informationsource" cannot be resolved |
| extensions.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/ul/li/a at Line 111, column 8 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition-patient-informationsource.html' for "Information Source" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient-definitions.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/br/tr/td/a at Line 173, column 154 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/nzethnicity.html' for "nzethnicity" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient-definitions.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/br/tr/td/a at Line 180, column 154 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/patient-birthplace.html' for "patient-birthplace" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient-definitions.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/br/tr/td/a at Line 187, column 154 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/patient-nzcitizenship.html' for "patient-nzcitizenship" cannot be resolved |
| StructureDefinition-NhiPatient-definitions.html#/html/body/div/div/div/div/div/table/tr/td/br/tr/td/a at Line 290, column 154 | error | The link 'StructureDefinition/informationsource.html' for "informationsource" cannot be resolved |


The Art of Computer Programming [Knu98b, 513559] has the usual encyclopedic discussion of hashing.
Introduction to Algorithms [CLR90, 219243] has a more approachable discussion.


{% markdown %}
* The registration process will begin on **November 15 2019**
* For email notifications subscribe at the bottom of this page
* Payments are facilitated by SBI collect
* The Course Details and Process are described in the linked PDFs.
{% endmarkdown %}


|/ |\ISS News Blog Wiki Install KISS FAQ Package System Package Manager Software Guidestones Testimonials Screenshots Team Contact Donate Website IRC GitHub Git (mirror) ML (archive)
wiki / boot Edit this page Edited (7bbdc4e) at 2020-06-14 by Dylan Araps BOOT ________________________________________________________________________________ - @/efistub - @/efivarfs ________________________________________________________________________________ Dylan Araps (C) 2019-2020 kiss-community (C) 2020-2021 Dilyn Corner (C) 2021 Linux(R) is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.


#include <data_flow_ops.h>
Stage values similar to a lightweight Enqueue.
The basic functionality of this Op is similar to a queue with many fewer capabilities and options. This Op is optimized for performance.
Arguments:
Optional attributes (see Attrs
):
Returns:
Operation
Constructors and Destructors |
|
|---|---|
Stage(const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::InputList values)
|
|
Stage(const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::InputList values, const Stage::Attrs & attrs)
|
Public attributes |
|
|---|---|
operation
|
Public functions |
|
|---|---|
operator::tensorflow::Operation() const
|
|
Public static functions |
|
|---|---|
Capacity(int64 x)
|
|
Container(StringPiece x)
|
|
MemoryLimit(int64 x)
|
|
SharedName(StringPiece x)
|
Structs |
|
|---|---|
|
tensorflow:: |
Optional attribute setters for Stage. |
Operation operation
Stage( const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::InputList values )
Stage( const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::InputList values, const Stage::Attrs & attrs )
operator::tensorflow::Operation() const
Attrs Capacity( int64 x )
Attrs Container( StringPiece x )
Attrs MemoryLimit( int64 x )
Attrs SharedName( StringPiece x )


| DOSE: |
300 mg |
oral |
DXM |
(pill / tablet) |
A while ago I heard that you could high if ate a bunch of Dexofan, at the time I didn't really care because I was smoking hash daily. Three beers and a joint always messed me up worse than anything I can think of.
A few months ago I stopped my abuse and soon the restlesness and the boredom took over. So I bought 20 pills of dexofan, each containing 30mg of DXM. I rented tombraider II, turned on the lavalamp, found my notebook and got comfortable on the sofa. I swallowed ten pills with some orange juice and watched angelina jolie for a while, she is very hot in the skintight suits.
+15 min. My stomach is a bit upset. This may be caused by anxiousness.
+30 min. Something is going on, but I'm not sure I like it yet. Feeling a warm sensation in my body and still my stomach is a bit upset. This feeling continues for about another hour. In many ways it reminds me of the very familiar hash feeling.
+2 hrs. I'm not liking this at all, I feel extremely strange, my motorskills are shot, walking is near to impossible and when I open the door into my well-lit hallway I am nearly blinded. I feel like I'm extremely drunk, but still being able to focus and stand up. Nothing seems to hold my interest and I decide to go to bed.
+2.30 hrs. Something weird happens. I switch realities, my mind thinks I am walking in the city looking for something and suddenly it is real and when my mind switches thoughts I find myself very surprised that I'm lying in bed. This happens four times before I fall asleep.
+14 hrs. I wake up, I feel dull and slow, walking still takes a bit of effort and my head hurts. My cat must have been trying to wake me, because I forgot to feed him. However I dont remember waking even once.
 The effects were present, but they were not desirable. But at least I wasn't bored last night. There are better drugs out there and for now I will merely wait for my 5-MeO-AMT to arrive.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Refuge Home Automation
Units: Celcius
Temperature: ?? C
Humidity: 50%
State: Unknown
Last Motion: Unknown


spices
Home
Themes
Applets
Desklets
Extensions
Log In
Sign Up
Home
Edit My Profile
Edit your profile
Clem
Last login:
2016-12-03 23:49:50
Avatar
(.jpg, 100x100px, 100KB max)
Distribution
None
Country
None
Signature
Biography
zzz
Submit


{% extends "pretixcontrol/event/settings_base.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% load bootstrap3 %} {% block title %} {% trans "Twilio Settings" %} {% endblock %} {% block inside %}
You are currently not asking for phone numbers in your ordering process. When you are not asking for phone numbers, this plugin cannot send out any text messages.
Please go to the general pretix settings, to the “Customer and attendee data” tab, and enable customer phone numbers.
{% endblocktrans %}Phone numbers are currently not required in your order process. All customers who do not supply a phone number will not be able to receive text messages.
If you want to make sure that everybody can receive text messages, please go to the general pretix settings, to the “Customer and attendee data” tab, and make phone numbers mandatory.
{% endblocktrans %}


To move the Timeline: use the mouse scroll wheel, the arrow keys or grab and drag the Timeline.
This example reads a local data file from the disk and displays it using the Simile Timeline library. The software library is retrieved from servers via the Internet.
The Timeline will grow automatically to fit the events. Scroll towards 2030 to see it grow. Click on an event to see its details.
To move the Timeline: use the mouse scroll wheel, the arrow keys or grab and drag the Timeline.
Thanks to the Simile Timeline project Timeline version


[attributes]
---
label: Work Without Workarounds
layout: default
target_page:
categories: []
is_published: true
position: 8
[text_area footer]
[wysiwyg content]
Stop relying on workarounds or waiting for someone to fix shared Ruby tools in their spare time! Ruby Together pays developers to dedicate time to maintaining and improving shared Ruby tools so they work better for everyone. We depend on the community to make that dedicated work possible. Our team has a proven track record of delivering year-over-year improvements to Ruby's public infrastructure. With funding, we'll transform the tools you use so that they work for you. Like tools should.When you support Ruby Together, you get:
{{ cms:partial "home/member_benefit_items" }}
{{ cms:partial "home/ruby_together_is" }}
{{ cms:partial "home/faq" }}


| Morning Session | |
|---|---|
| 9:00 am | Opening Remarks |
| 9:10 am |
Keynote Towards Mixed-Initiative Conversational Search Hamed Zamani Microsoft AI Research, USA Abstract: While conversational search has roots in early information retrieval research, recent advances in automatic speech recognition and conversational agents as well as popularity of devices with limited bandwidth interfaces have led to increasing interest in this area. An ideal conversational search system requires to go beyond the typical “query-response” paradigm by supporting mixed-initiative interactions. In this talk, I will review the recent efforts on developing mixed-initiative conversational search systems and draw connections with early work on interactive information retrieval. I will describe methods for generating and evaluating clarifying questions in response to search queries. I will further highlight the connections between conversational search and recommendation, and finish with a discussion on the next steps that require significant progress in the context of mixed-initiative conversational search. |
| 10:00 am | Coffee Break |
| 10:30 am | Contributed Talk You Sound Like You Watch Action Movies: Towards Predicting Movie Preferences from Conversational Interactions Sergey Volokhin, Joyce Ho, Eugene Agichtein |
| 10:50 am | Invited Talk Future Directions in Alexa Shopping Research Vanessa Murdock Amazon, USA Abstract: Alexa Shopping at Amazon focuses on enabling users to shop with a multimodal device, driven by a voice interaction. Developing a customer-friendly shopping AI entails solving basic research problems such as natural language understanding, developing natural multi-turn dialogs, high-accuracy retrieval of sparse texts, and personalizing not just the result, but the interaction itself. In this talk we discuss commerce-specific open research problems facing Alexa in the coming years. |
| 11.30 am | Panel Discussion Trust, Transparency, Utility and Limitations of Conversational Search and Recommendation Systems for E-Commerce Eugene Agichtein Emory, USA Ed Chi Google, USA Vanessa Murdock Amazon, USA Emine Yilmaz University College London, UK Hamed Zamani Microsoft AI Research, USA |
| 12:30 pm | Lunch Break (Lunch not provided) |
| Afternoon Session | |
| 2:00 pm | Invited Talk Conversational agents for e-commerce: getting strong now Giuseppe “Pino” Di Fabbrizio Vui inc., USA Abstract: Recent advances in deep learning and natural language processing are fueling a new generation of conversational agents that are accurate and articulate in interacting with users on a broad range of subjects. A number of conversational systems are also making their way to specific verticals such as banking, financing, healthcare, and e-commerce, and targeting consumers while supplanting real agents at scale in email, live chats or other types of communications. Although conversational agents are rapidly growing, some verticals such as e-commerce are still far from a frictionless user experience where conversion rates are seamlessly completed with voice-only “zero-click” purchases. In this talk, we illustrate a typical architecture and machine learning pipeline that have been both successfully used to optimize e-commerce conversational systems and discuss challenges that currently limit scalability and adoption. |
| 2:40 pm | Contributed Talk MT-BioNER: Multi-task biomedical named entity recognition for conversational systems Muhammad Raza Khan, Morteza Ziyadi, Mohamed Abdelhady |
| 3:00 pm | Coffee Break |
| 3:30 pm | Invited Talk Conversational AI applications in Real Estate Andrei Lopatenko Zillow, USA Abstract: In this talk we will discuss applications of Conversational AI in Real Estate.We will discuss how natural language processing, dialog management and other technologies are applied to improve search experience for customers looking for new houses to rent or buy, to simplify various steps in the process of buying and selling a house, to help agents and sales representatives. We will discuss Conversational AI applications and core technologies in search, natural language to database intefaces, evaluation of human to human conversations, and goal oriented dialogs for particular business cases. |
| 4:10 pm | Invited Talk Overview of the 2019 Dagstuhl Seminar on Conversational Search Rishiraj Saha Roy MPII, Germany Abstract: This talk provides an overview of the Dagstuhl seminar on Conversational Search held in November 2019, that involved about 50 participants from the academia and the industry. We will first go over some of the highlights from the keynotes and invited talks. This will be followed by insights from the various breakout groups, that are a key element of Dagstuhl meetings. Finally, we will share some interesting anecdotes from the discussions and summarize takeaways from this very productive seminar. We will also try to mention logistic information aimed at workshop participants interested in similar endeavors for the future. Audience members are encouraged to chip in with curious comments to avoid this talk from becoming a boring report monologue. |
| 4:50 pm |
Group Discussion and Closing |