Please refer to the errata for this document, which may include some normative corrections.
See also translations.
Copyright © 2006-2013 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio, Beihang), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply.
Selectors, which are widely used in CSS, are patterns that match against
elements in a tree structure [SELECT][CSS21]. The Selectors API
specification defines methods for retrieving Element
nodes from the DOM by matching against a group of
selectors. It is often desirable to perform DOM operations on a specific
set of elements in a document. These methods simplify the process of
acquiring specific elements, especially compared with the more verbose
techniques defined and used in the past.
This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
The Web Applications (WebApps) Working Group has developed a comprehensive Selectors API test suite and has demonstrated interoperability of the features among implementations. Please see the Working Group's implementation report.
Please send comments about this document to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(public archive) with [selectors-api] in the subject. (Please note that a different list was used until mid 2008, so some old messages are archived there instead).
This document was developed by the Web Applications Working Group. A complete list of changes to this document is available.
This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software developers, and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and is endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited from another document. W3C's role in making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.
This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy.
This section is non-normative.
This specification provides methods for selecting and testing elements
based on whether or not they match a given selector. With these methods,
it is easier to match a set of Element
nodes based on specific criteria, than having to subsequently filter the
result of calling other methods like getElementsByTagName()
.
This section is non-normative.
Some ECMAScript [ECMA-262-5.1] examples:
This is an example table written in HTML 4.01.

 Test Result

 Average 82%

 A 87%
 B 78%
 C 81%

In order to obtain the cells containing the results in the table, which
might be done, for example, to plot the values on a graph, there are at
least two approaches that may be taken. Using only the APIs from DOM
Level 2, it requires a script like the following that iterates through
each tr
within each tbody
in the
table
to find the second cell of each row.
var table = document.getElementById("score"); var groups = table.tBodies; var rows = null; var cells = []; for (var i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) { rows = groups[i].rows; for (var j = 0; j < rows.length; j++) { cells.push(rows[j].cells[1]); } }
Alternatively, using the querySelectorAll()
method, that
script becomes much more concise.
var cells = document.querySelectorAll("#score>tbody>tr>td:nth-of-type(2)");
Note that the script operates on the DOM and works independently from the syntax used to create the document. Thus this script will also work correctly for an equivalent table created from well-formed XHTML instead of HTML, or dynamically created and inserted into a document using DOM APIs.
All diagrams, examples and notes in this specification are non-normative, as are all sections explicitly marked non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.
The key words must, must not, should, may and recommended in the normative parts of this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
The following conformance classes are defined (and considered) by this specification:
The terminology used in this specification is that from Selectors [SELECT].
The following features are defined in the DOM Level 3 Core specification [DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE]:
Document
interface.
DocumentFragment
interface.
Element
interface.
NodeList
interface.
Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps may be implemented in any manner, so long as the end result is equivalent.
The IDL used in this specification uses the syntax defined in Web IDL [DOM-BINDINGS].
The construction "Foo
object", where Foo
is
actually an interface, is sometimes used instead of the more accurate
"object implementing the Foo
interface".
This section is non-normative.
Some implementations might have different levels of support for Selectors. If some implementations lack support for some selectors, then the use of such selectors will result in those implementations failing to return the expected results. Authors are advised to check for the DOM Exceptions thrown by these APIs and provide a fallback for graceful degradation.
This section is non-normative.
Extensions of the APIs defined in this specification are strongly discouraged. Implementors, Working Groups and other interested parties should discuss extensions on a relevant public forum, such as<EMAIL_ADDRESS>It is expected that implementing this specification introduces no new security risks for users.
If, at any time, the implementation detects a situation which would violate security policies, the implementation may abort and raise a security exception. If any other error condition occurs which is not covered directly by this or any other relevant specification, the implementation may abort and raise an appropriate, language-binding-specific or implementation-specific exception.
History theft is a potential privacy issue because the
:visited
pseudo-class in Selectors [SELECT] allows authors to query
which links have been visited.
This is not a new problem, as it can already be exploited
using existing CSS and DOM APIs, such as getComputedStyle()
[DOM-LEVEL-2-STYLE].
In this example, vlinks will acquire a list of links that the user has visited. The author can then obtain the URIs and potentially exploit this knowledge.
var vlinks = document.querySelectorAll(":visited"); for (var i = 0; i < vlinks.length; i++) { doSomethingEvil(vlinks[i].href); }
As defined in Selectors ([SELECT], section 6.6.1), user agents may treat all links as unvisited links. It is recommended that implementations behave consistently with other uses of Selectors supported by the user agent.
The term first used in the definitions of the
methods defined in this specification means first in document
order. The term document order means a
depth-first pre-order traversal of the DOM tree or subtree in question.
The term context node refers to the node upon
which the method was invoked. The term subtrees
refers to the collection of elements that are descendants of the context node. The term matching Element
node refers
to an Element
node that matches the selector string (selectors) that
was passed to the method, according to the rules for matching elements
defined in Selectors [SELECT].
partial interface Document { Element? querySelector(DOMString selectors); NodeList querySelectorAll(DOMString selectors); }; partial interface DocumentFragment { Element? querySelector(DOMString selectors); NodeList querySelectorAll(DOMString selectors); }; partial interface Element { Element? querySelector(DOMString selectors); NodeList querySelectorAll(DOMString selectors); };
The selectors argument for the querySelector
and querySelectorAll
methods accepts
a selector string.
The querySelector()
methods on the Document
, DocumentFragment
, and Element
interfaces must
return the first matching Element
node within the subtrees of the context
node. If there is no matching Element
, the method must return null
.
The querySelectorAll()
methods on
the Document
, DocumentFragment
, and Element
interfaces must
return a NodeList
containing all of
the matching Element
nodes within the
subtrees of the context
node, in document order. If there are no
matching nodes, the method must return an empty NodeList
.
When either querySelector
or
querySelectorAll
are invoked,
the implementation must follow these steps:
Let parsed selector be the result of running the algorithm to parse a selector with selectors as the input.
The implementation must then run the algorithm to evaluate a selector against element nodes in the specified tree or subtrees using parsed selector as the selector to return the required result for the invoked method.
The NodeList
object returned by the
querySelectorAll()
method must be static,
not live ([DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE],
section 1.1.1). Subsequent changes to the structure of the underlying
document must not be reflected in the NodeList
object. This means that the
object will instead contain a list of matching Element
nodes that were in the document
at the time the list was created.
A selector string is a list of one or more
group of
selectors ([SELECT], section 5) that may be surrounded by whitespace and matches the
dom_selectors_group
production.
dom_selectors_group : S* [ selectors_group ] S* ;
The productions for selectors_group
is defined in Selectors
Level 3 ([SELECT],
section 10.1). These groups of selectors should not use
namespace prefixes that need to be resolved.
Implementers are advised that if null
or
undefined
are passed as the value of the selectors
parameter, they are to be handled as defined in WebIDL [DOM-BINDINGS]. Authors are
advised to avoid passing these values.
Authors are advised that while the use of pseudo-elements in selectors is permitted, they will not match any elements in the document, and thus would not result in any elements being returned. Therefore, authors are advised to avoid the use of pseudo-elements in selectors that are passed to the methods defined in this specification.
The steps to parse a selector are as follows:
Let selectors be the selector string input to this algorithm.
Let result be the group of selectors returned as a result
of parsing the selectors according to the grammar for
dom_selectors_group
defined above.
If result is invalid ([SELECT], section
12), raisea
a SYNTAX_ERR
exception ([DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE],
section 1.4) and abort this algorithm.
The steps to evaluate a selector are as follows:
Let element be the element being evaluated.
Let selector group be the selector input into this algotihm.
If any selector in selector group matches element, return true. Otherwise, return false.
Selectors are evaluated against a given element in the context of the entire DOM tree in which the element is located.
If the user agent also supports some level of CSS, the implementation should support the same set of selectors in both these APIs and CSS.
If the group of selectors include namespace prefixes that need to be resolved, the
implementation must raise
a SYNTAX_ERR
exception ([DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE],
section 1.4).
This specification does not provide support for resolving arbitrary namespace prefixes. However, support for a namespace prefix resolution mechanism may be considered for inclusion in a future version of this specification.
A namespace prefix needs to be resolved if the
namespace component is neither empty (e.g. |div
),
representing the null namespace, or an asterisk (e.g. *|div
),
representing any namespace. Since the asterisk or empty namespace prefix
do not need to be resolved, implementations that support the namespace
syntax in Selectors must support these. [SELECT]
The following examples make use of this sample XHTML document.
  <title>Selectors API Example</title>

This is a sample warning

This is a sample error

...

The methods accept a group of selectors (comma separated) as the
argument. The following example would select all p
elements
in the document that have a class of either "error
" or
"warning
".
var alerts = document.querySelectorAll("p.warning, p.error");
The querySelector()
methods
also accept a group of selectors and they will return the first element
(if any) that matches any of the selectors in the group.
var x = document.querySelector("#foo, #bar");
x would contain the first element in the document with an ID
of either foo
or bar
, or null
if
there is no such element. In the sample document above, it would select
the div
element with the ID of foo
because it
is first in document order. The order of
the selectors used in the parameter has no effect and would have the same
result if the order were reversed, as in:
var x = document.querySelector("#bar, #foo");
The methods can also be invoked on elements. In the following example, assume the event handler is registered on an element, and thus the method is invoked on the target element of the event.
function handle(evt) { var x = evt.target.querySelector("span"); ... // Do something with x }
Even though the method is invoked on an element, selectors are still
evaluated in the context of the entire document. In the following
example, the method will still match the div
element's child
p
element, even though the body
element is not
a descendant of the div
element itself.
var div = document.getElementById("bar"); var p = div.querySelector("body p");
Given this sample fragment that contains a list as a navigation menu:

Home

Products

About

The following example selects all the li
elements and
demonstrates how to iterate through the collection in a NodeList
.
var lis = document.querySelectorAll("ul.nav>li"); for (var i = 0; i < lis.length; i++) { process(lis.item(i)); }
In ECMAScript, the language binding also allows NodeList
s to be addressed using the
array notation, so that loop could be rewritten like this:
for (var i = 0; i < lis.length; i++) { process(lis[i]); }
Since the NodeList
objects
returned by these methods are not live, changes to the DOM do not affect
the content of the list. Consider the process()
function
called in the previous examples is defined as follows:
function process(elmt) { elmt.parentNode.removeChild(elmt); }
This would cause each selected element to be removed from the DOM, but
each element will remain in the NodeList
. If the list were a live NodeList
, removing an item from the DOM
would also remove the element from the list and adjust the indexes of
subsequent elements. That would have adverse effects upon the loop
because not all selected elements would be processed.
In documents comprising elements from multiple namespaces, it's
possible that some elements from different namespaces share the same
local name. Since this API does not natively support a namespace
resolution mechanism for selectors, obtaining a list of such elements
from a specific namespace, excluding all others, requires additional
processing to filter the result. The following example illustrates a
document containing video
elements from both the SVG and
XHTML namespaces.
<svg id="svg1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <video id="svgvideo1" xlink:href="myvideo.ogg" width="320" height="240"/> <foreignObject width="100" height="100"> <video id="htmlvideo1" src="myvideo.ogg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">No video1</video> </foreignObject> </svg>
The following script demonstrates how to first select the
video
elements and then filter out the unwanted elements
based on their namespace.
var elms = document.querySelectorAll("svg video"); var result = new Array(); var svgns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" for(var i = 0; i < elms.length; i++) { if(elms[i].namespaceURI == svgns) { result.push(elms[i]); } }
The editors would like to thank to the following people who have contributed to this specification (ordered on first name):
Adam van den Hoven, Alan Gresley, Alex Russell, Arthur Barstow, Aryeh Gregor, Björn Höhrmann, Boris Zbarsky, Cameron McCormack, Charles McCathieNevile, Chris Wilson, Christophe Jolif, Daniel Glazman, Daniel Schierbeck, Dave Massy, David "liorean" Andersson, David Greenspan, David Håsäther, Dean Jackson, Doug Schepers, Erik Dahlström, Francois Remy, Hallvord R. M. Steen, Henri Sivonen, Ian Hickson, Ivan Enderlin, Jean-Yves Bitterlich, Jim Ley, João Eiras, John Resig, Jon Ferraiolo, Jonas Sicking, Jorgen Horstink, Kang-Hao (Kenny) Lu, Karl Dubost, Kartikaya Gupta, L. David Baron, Maciej Stachowiak, Magnus Kristiansen, Marat Tanalin, Martijn, Masataka Yakura, Mihai Sucan, Mohamed Zergaoui, Nicholas C. Zakas, Nicolas Mendoza, Norbert Lindenberg, Philip Taylor, Robert Sayre, Robin Berjon, Sander, Sergey Ilinsky, Simon Pieters, Steven Pemberton, Stewart Brodie Tab Atkins Jr., Tarquin Wilton-Jones, Travis Leithead, and William J. Edney
Special thanks to John Resig and Øyvind Stenhaug for their significant contributions to the testsuite.
Thanks to all those who have helped to improve this specification by sending suggestions and corrections.


Seq2seq¶
Seq2seqEncoder¶
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.encoder.
Seq2seqEncoder
(input_size: int, hidden_dim: int = 256, device: str = 'cuda', dropout_p: float = 0.3, num_layers: int = 3, bidirectional: bool = True, rnn_type: str = 'lstm', extractor: str = 'vgg', activation: str = 'hardtanh', mask_conv: bool = False)[source]¶ Converts low level speech signals into higher level features
Parameters: - input_size (int) – size of input
- hidden_dim (int) – the number of features in the hidden state h
- num_layers (int, optional) – number of recurrent layers (default: 1)
- bidirectional (bool, optional) – if True, becomes a bidirectional encoder (defulat: False)
- rnn_type (str, optional) – type of RNN cell (default: gru)
- dropout_p (float, optional) – dropout probability (default: 0)
- device (torch.device) – device - ‘cuda’ or ‘cpu’
- Inputs: inputs, hidden
- inputs: list of sequences, whose length is the batch size and within which each sequence is list of tokens
- hidden: variable containing the features in the hidden state h
- Returns: output
- output: tensor containing the encoded features of the input sequence
-
forward
(inputs: torch.Tensor, input_lengths: torch.Tensor) → torch.Tensor[source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
Seq2seqDecoder¶
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.decoder.
Seq2seqDecoder
(num_classes: int, max_length: int = 120, hidden_dim: int = 1024, d_ff: int = 2048, sos_id: int = 1, eos_id: int = 2, attn_mechanism: str = 'dot', num_heads: int = 4, num_layers: int = 2, rnn_type: str = 'lstm', dropout_p: float = 0.3, device: str = 'cuda')[source]¶ Converts higher level features (from listener) into output utterances by specifying a probability distribution over sequences of characters.
Parameters: - num_classes (int) – the number of classfication
- max_length (int) – a maximum allowed length for the sequence to be processed
- hidden_dim (int) – the number of features in the hidden state h
- sos_id (int) – index of the start of sentence symbol
- eos_id (int) – index of the end of sentence symbol
- num_layers (int, optional) – number of recurrent layers (default: 1)
- rnn_type (str, optional) – type of RNN cell (default: gru)
- dropout_p (float, optional) – dropout probability (default: 0)
- device (torch.device) – device - ‘cuda’ or ‘cpu’
- Inputs: inputs, encoder_outputs, teacher_forcing_ratio
- inputs (batch, seq_len, input_size): list of sequences, whose length is the batch size and within which each sequence is a list of token IDs. It is used for teacher forcing when provided. (default None)
- encoder_outputs (batch, seq_len, hidden_dim): tensor with containing the outputs of the listener. Used for attention mechanism (default is None).
- teacher_forcing_ratio (float): The probability that teacher forcing will be used. A random number is drawn uniformly from 0-1 for every decoding token, and if the sample is smaller than the given value, teacher forcing would be used (default is 0).
- Returns: decoder_outputs, ret_dict
- decoder_outputs (seq_len, batch, num_classes): list of tensors containing the outputs of the decoding function.
- ret_dict: dictionary containing additional information as follows {KEY_ATTENTION_SCORE : list of scores representing encoder outputs, KEY_SEQUENCE_SYMBOL : list of sequences, where each sequence is a list of predicted token IDs }.
-
forward
(inputs: torch.Tensor, encoder_outputs: torch.Tensor, teacher_forcing_ratio: float = 1.0, language_model: Optional[torch.nn.modules.module.Module] = None) → Tuple[torch.Tensor, dict][source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
Seq2seq¶
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.seq2seq.
Seq2seq
(encoder: torch.nn.modules.module.Module, decoder: torch.nn.modules.module.Module)[source]¶ Standard sequence-to-sequence architecture with configurable encoder and decoder.
Parameters: - encoder (torch.nn.Module) – encoder of seq2seq
- decoder (torch.nn.Module) – decoder of seq2seq
- Inputs: inputs, input_lengths, targets, teacher_forcing_ratio
- inputs (torch.Tensor): tensor of sequences, whose length is the batch size and within which each sequence is a list of token IDs. This information is forwarded to the encoder.
- input_lengths (torch.Tensor): tensor of sequences, whose contains length of inputs.
- targets (torch.Tensor): tensor of sequences, whose length is the batch size and within which each sequence is a list of token IDs. This information is forwarded to the decoder.
- teacher_forcing_ratio (float): The probability that teacher forcing will be used. A random number is drawn uniformly from 0-1 for every decoding token, and if the sample is smaller than the given value, teacher forcing would be used (default is 0.90)
- Returns: output
- output (seq_len, batch_size, num_classes): list of tensors containing the outputs of the decoding function.
-
forward
(inputs: torch.Tensor, input_lengths: torch.Tensor, targets: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, teacher_forcing_ratio: float = 1.0, language_model: Optional[torch.nn.modules.module.Module] = None) → Tuple[torch.Tensor, dict][source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
Attention¶
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.attention.
LocationAwareAttention
(d_model: int = 512, smoothing: bool = True)[source]¶ Applies a location-aware attention mechanism on the output features from the decoder. Location-aware attention proposed in “Attention-Based Models for Speech Recognition” paper. The location-aware attention mechanism is performing well in speech recognition tasks. We refer to implementation of ClovaCall Attention style.
Parameters: - Inputs: query, value, last_attn
- query (batch, q_len, hidden_dim): tensor containing the output features from the decoder.
- value (batch, v_len, hidden_dim): tensor containing features of the encoded input sequence.
- last_attn (batch_size * num_heads, v_len): tensor containing previous timestep`s attention (alignment)
- Returns: output, attn
- output (batch, output_len, dimensions): tensor containing the feature from encoder outputs
- attn (batch * num_heads, v_len): tensor containing the attention (alignment) from the encoder outputs.
- Reference:
- Attention-Based Models for Speech Recognition: https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.07503
- ClovaCall: https://github.com/clovaai/ClovaCall/blob/master/las.pytorch/models/attention.py
-
forward
(query: torch.Tensor, value: torch.Tensor, last_attn: torch.Tensor) → Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor][source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.attention.
MultiHeadAttention
(d_model: int = 512, num_heads: int = 8)[source]¶ Applies a multi-headed scaled dot mechanism on the output features from the decoder. Multi-head attention proposed in “Attention Is All You Need” paper.
Parameters: - Inputs: query, value
- query (batch, q_len, hidden_dim): tensor containing the output features from the decoder.
- value (batch, v_len, hidden_dim): tensor containing features of the encoded input sequence.
- Returns: context
- context (batch, output_len, dimensions): tensor containing the attended output features from the decoder.
- Reference:
- Attention Is All You Need: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762
- State-Of-The-Art Speech Recognition with Sequence-to-Sequence Models: https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.01769
- Contributor:
- Soohwan Kim @sooftware
- Deokjin Seo @qute012
-
forward
(query: torch.Tensor, key: torch.Tensor, value: torch.Tensor) → Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor][source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.attention.
ScaledDotProductAttention
(d_model: int)[source]¶ Scaled Dot-Product Attention proposed in “Attention Is All You Need” Compute the dot products of the query with all keys, divide each by sqrt(dim), and apply a softmax function to obtain the weights on the values
- Args: dim, mask
- dim (int): dimention of attention mask (torch.Tensor): tensor containing indices to be masked
- Inputs: query, value
- query (batch, q_len, hidden_dim): tensor containing projection vector for decoder.
- value (batch, v_len, hidden_dim): tensor containing projection vector for encoder.
- Returns: context, attn
- context: tensor containing the context vector from attention mechanism.
- attn: tensor containing the attention (alignment) from the encoder outputs.
-
forward
(query: torch.Tensor, key: torch.Tensor, value: torch.Tensor) → Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor][source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
BeamSearch¶
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.beam_search.
BeamSearchDecoder
(decoder: torch.nn.modules.module.Module, beam_size: int = 3)[source]¶ Top-K decoding with beam search.
Parameters: - decoder (e2e.model.speller.Speller) – decoder to which beam search will be applied
- beam_size (int) – size of beam
- Inputs: input_var, encoder_outputs
- input_var : sequence of sos_id
- encoder_outputs : tensor containing the encoded features of the input sequence
- Returns: decoder_outputs
- decoder_outputs : list of tensors containing the outputs of the decoding function.
-
forward
(input_var: torch.Tensor, encoder_outputs: torch.Tensor, teacher_forcing_ratio: float = 0.0) → list[source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
Modules¶
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.modules.
LayerNorm
(dim: int, eps: float = 1e-06)[source]¶ Wrapper class of torch.nn.LayerNorm
-
forward
(z: torch.Tensor) → torch.Tensor[source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
-
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.modules.
Linear
(in_features: int, out_features: int, bias: bool = True)[source]¶ Wrapper class of torch.nn.Linear Weight initialize by He initialization and bias initialize to zeros.
-
forward
(x: torch.Tensor) → torch.Tensor[source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
-
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.modules.
View
(shape: tuple, contiguous: bool = False)[source]¶ Wrapper class of torch.view() for Sequential modeule.
-
forward
(inputs)[source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
-
Sublayers¶
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.sublayers.
AddNorm
(sublayer: torch.nn.modules.module.Module, d_model: int = 512)[source]¶ Add & Normalization layer proposed in “Attention Is All You Need”. Transformer employ a residual connection around each of the two sub-layers, (Multi-Head Attention & Feed-Forward) followed by layer normalization.
-
forward
(*args)[source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
-
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.sublayers.
BaseRNN
(input_size: int, hidden_dim: int = 512, num_layers: int = 3, rnn_type: str = 'lstm', dropout_p: float = 0.3, bidirectional: bool = True, device: str = 'cuda')[source]¶ Applies a multi-layer RNN to an input sequence.
Note
Do not use this class directly, use one of the sub classes.
Parameters: - input_size (int) – size of input
- hidden_dim (int) – the number of features in the hidden state h
- num_layers (int, optional) – number of recurrent layers (default: 1)
- bidirectional (bool, optional) – if True, becomes a bidirectional encoder (defulat: False)
- rnn_type (str, optional) – type of RNN cell (default: gru)
- dropout_p (float, optional) – dropout probability (default: 0)
- device (torch.device) – device - ‘cuda’ or ‘cpu’
Variables: = Dictionary of supported rnns (supported_rnns) –
-
forward
(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.sublayers.
CNNExtractor
(activation: str = 'hardtanh')[source]¶ Provides inteface of convolutional extractor.
Note
Do not use this class directly, use one of the sub classes.
-
forward
(inputs: torch.Tensor, input_lengths: torch.Tensor)[source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
-
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.sublayers.
DeepSpeech2Extractor
(in_channels: int = 1, activation: str = 'hardtanh', mask_conv: bool = False)[source]¶ DeepSpeech2 extractor for automatic speech recognition described in “Deep Speech 2: End-to-End Speech Recognition in English and Mandarin” paper - https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.02595
-
forward
(inputs: torch.Tensor, input_lengths: torch.Tensor)[source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
-
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.sublayers.
FeedForwardNet
(hidden_dim: int, d_ff: int, dropout_p: float)[source]¶ -
forward
(inputs: torch.Tensor) → torch.Tensor[source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
-
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.sublayers.
MaskConv
(sequential: torch.nn.modules.container.Sequential)[source]¶ Masking Convolutional Neural Network
Adds padding to the output of the module based on the given lengths. This is to ensure that the results of the model do not change when batch sizes change during inference. Input needs to be in the shape of (batch_size, channel, hidden_dim, seq_len)
Refer to https://github.com/SeanNaren/deepspeech.pytorch/blob/master/model.py Copyright (c) 2017 Sean Naren MIT License
Parameters: sequential (torch.nn) – sequential list of convolution layer - Inputs: inputs, seq_lengths
- inputs (torch.FloatTensor): The input of size BxCxHxS
- seq_lengths (torch.IntTensor): The actual length of each sequence in the batch
- Returns: output, seq_lengths
- output: Masked output from the sequential
- seq_lengths: Sequence length of output from the sequential
-
forward
(inputs: torch.Tensor, seq_lengths: torch.Tensor) → Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor][source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
-
get_seq_lengths
(module: torch.nn.modules.module.Module, seq_lengths: torch.Tensor) → torch.Tensor[source]¶ Calculate convolutional neural network receptive formula
Parameters: - module (torch.nn.Module) – module of CNN
- seq_lengths (torch.IntTensor) – The actual length of each sequence in the batch
- Returns: seq_lengths
- seq_lengths: Sequence length of output from the module
-
class
kospeech.models.seq2seq.sublayers.
VGGExtractor
(in_channels: int = 1, activation: str = 'hardtanh', mask_conv: bool = False)[source]¶ VGG extractor for automatic speech recognition described in “Advances in Joint CTC-Attention based End-to-End Speech Recognition with a Deep CNN Encoder and RNN-LM” paper - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.02737.pdf
-
forward
(inputs: torch.Tensor, input_lengths: torch.Tensor)[source]¶ Defines the computation performed at every call.
Should be overridden by all subclasses.
Note
Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the
Module
instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the registered hooks while the latter silently ignores them.
-


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block title %} Tournament {% endblock %} {% block main %}
| Name | Month | Duration | Days | Time | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dennery Mini-bus Drivers Tournament | February - March | 5 Weeks | Sunday, Wednesday, Saturday | 2 games(16:00-20:00), 1 game(18:00), 2 games(16:00-20:00) | 5 games per team, most points win. If tied most goals win |
| Dennery Co-operative Credit Union Competition | March- April | 7 Weeks | Sunday, Wednesday, Saturday | 2 games(16:00-20:00), 1 game(18:00), 2 games(16:00-20:00) | 5 games per team. Top four Semi-Finals. |
| District Representative Tournament | June - July | 6 Weeks | Sunday, Wednesday, Saturday | 2 games(16:00-20:00), 1 game(18:00), 2 games(16:00-20:00) | 5 games per team. Top two go to Finals |
| SLBF Promotional League Tournament | August - September | 7 Weeks | Sunday, Wednesday, Saturday | 2 games(16:00-20:00), 1 game(18:00), 2 games(16:00-20:00) | 5 games per team. Top four teams go to semi-finals. |


The last example shows how you can show album information when the user clicks on a CD:
Click on a CD to display album information.


module Helper:sig
..end
The generic signature for the printer helpers.
val p : Stdlib.Format.formatter Stdlib.ref
A reference to the used formatter.
val print_header : Common.Symbols.t -> unit
Printed at the beginning of the output.
unit -> unit
: Printed at the end of the output.
val print_string : string -> unit
Print an escaped string.
val print_rule_name : string -> (unit -> unit) option -> unit
print_rule_name x print_params
prints the left-hand side of a rule where
x
is the name of the defined non terminal and print_params
the function
to print the optional parameters.
val rule_begin : unit -> unit
Printed at the beginning of each rule.
val rule_end : unit -> unit
Printed at the end of each rule.
val production_begin : unit -> unit
Printed at the beginning of each production.
val production_end : unit -> unit
Printed at the end of each production.
val print_symbol : Common.Symbols.t -> string -> (unit -> unit) -> unit
print_symbol symbols s print_params
prints the symbol s
and
its parameters thanks to print_params
. A different formatting is possible
accordingly to s
being a terminal, a non terminal or
a functional non terminal.
val print_sep_list : bool -> bool -> (unit -> unit) -> (unit -> unit) -> unit
print_sep_list e nonempty print_sep print_x
prints the possibly non empty
separated list separated[_nonempty]_list(sep, x)
where sep
and x
are
respectively printed by print_sep
and print_x
. If e
is true
then
the result is parenthesized.
val opt : bool -> (unit -> unit) -> unit
To print a possibly parenthesized optional.
val plus : bool -> (unit -> unit) -> unit
To print a possibly parenthesized non empty list.
val star : bool -> (unit -> unit) -> unit
To print a possibly parenthesized list.
val def : unit -> string
The rule definition symbol.
val prod_bar : unit -> string
The bar at the start of each alternative production.
val bar : unit -> string
The bar for the anonymous rules.
val space : unit -> string
The space.
val break : unit -> string
The line break.
val eps : unit -> string
The empty word epsilon.


Generates and returns a version-specific (CVSS v3.x) scoring engine loaded with a vector.
the vector to load in to the scoring engine
the loaded scoring engine
Converts an attack complexity, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the string to convert
the converted enum value
Converts an attack vector, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the string to convert
the converted enum value
Converts an exploit code maturity level, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the string to convert
the converted enum value
Converts an impact magnitude, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the string to convert
the converted enum value
Converts a modified attack complexity, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the converted enum value
Converts a modified attack vector, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the string to convert
the converted enum value
Converts a modified impact magnitude, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the converted enum value
Converts a modified privileges requirement, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the string to convert
the converted enum value
Converts a modified scope, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the converted enum value
Converts a modified user interaction level, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the string to convert
the converted enum value
Converts a privileges requirement, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the string to convert
the converted enum value
Converts a remediation level, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the string to convert
the converted enum value
Converts a report confidence level, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the string to convert
the converted enum value
Converts a scope, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the string to convert
the converted enum value
Converts a security requirement, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the string to convert
the converted enum value
Converts a user interaction level, represented as a string, into an enum value.
the string to convert
the converted enum value
Generated using TypeDoc
Implements a service offering CVSS v3 vector parsing.
Consumers should be aware that parse will raise an exception if an invalid CVSS v3 vector string is passed. This includes strings containing incorrect keys/values and those that are missing required entries.


|
ceras
yet another deep learning engine
|
#include <tensor.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| constexpr | view_4d (T *data, unsigned long batch_size, unsigned long row, unsigned long col, unsigned long channel) noexcept |
| constexpr auto | operator[] (unsigned long index) noexcept |
| constexpr auto | operator[] (unsigned long index) const noexcept |
Public Attributes | |
| T * | data_ |
| The pointer to the start position of the 1-D array. More... | |
| unsigned long | batch_size_ |
| The batch size of the 4-D tensor, also the first dimension of the tensor. More... | |
| unsigned long | row_ |
| The row of the 4-D tensor, also the second dimension of the tensor. More... | |
| unsigned long | col_ |
| The column of the 4-D tensor, also the third dimension of the tensor. More... | |
| unsigned long | channel_ |
| The channel of the 4-D tensor, also the last dimension of the tensor. More... | |
A class viewing a 1-D array as a 4-D tensor. This class is useful when treating an array as a typical 4-D tensor in a neural network, with a shape of [batch_size, row, column, channel].
|
inlineconstexprnoexcept |
Constructor of view_4d
| data | The raw pointer to the start position of the 1-D array. |
| batch_size | The first dimension of the 4-D tensor, also for the batch size in the CNN layers. |
| row | The second dimension of the 4-D tensor, also for the row in the CNN layers. |
| col | The third dimension of the 4-D tensor, also for the column in the CNN layers. |
| channel | The last dimension of the 4-D tensor, also for the channel in the CNN layers. |
|
inlineconstexprnoexcept |
Giving a view_3d interface for operator [].
| index | The first dimension of the 4-D tensor. |
Example usage:
|
inlineconstexprnoexcept |
| unsigned long ceras::view_4d< T >::batch_size_ |
The batch size of the 4-D tensor, also the first dimension of the tensor.
| unsigned long ceras::view_4d< T >::channel_ |
The channel of the 4-D tensor, also the last dimension of the tensor.
| unsigned long ceras::view_4d< T >::col_ |
The column of the 4-D tensor, also the third dimension of the tensor.
| T* ceras::view_4d< T >::data_ |
The pointer to the start position of the 1-D array.
| unsigned long ceras::view_4d< T >::row_ |
The row of the 4-D tensor, also the second dimension of the tensor.


An avatar component for vue.js
This component display an avatar image and if none is provided fallback to the user initials. This component is highly inspired fromreact-user-avatar
Rules used to compute user initials:
npm install vue-avatar
| Vue.js | vue-avatar |
|---|---|
| ^1.0.18 | ^1.3.0 |
| ^2.0.0 | ^2..0 |
vue-avatar is a UMD module, which can be used as a module in both CommonJS and AMD modular environments. When in non-modular environment, Avatar will be registered as a global variable.
import Avatar from 'vue-avatar'
export default {
components: {
Avatar
},
}
After that, you can use it in your templates:
<avatar username="Jane Doe"></avatar>
which will render to:
var Vue = require('vue')
var Avatar = require('vue-avatar')
var YourComponent = Vue.extend({
components: {
'avatar': Avatar
}
})
<script src="path/to/vue/vue.min.js"></script>
<script src="path/to/vue-avatar/dist/vue-avatars.min.js"></script>
new Vue({
components: {
'avatar': Avatar
}
})
| Name | Required | Default | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| username | Y | - | String | The user name that will be used to compute user initial. |
| initials | N | - | String | Force the displayed initials by overriding the computed ones. |
| initials | N | false | Boolean | Uses inline-flex instead of flex. |
| src | N | - | String | Path to the avatar image to display. |
| :customStyle | N | - | Object | A custom style object to override the base styles. |
| backgroundColor | N | - | String | The avatar background color to use if no image is provided. If none is specified, a background color will be picked depending on the user name length. |
| color | N | - | String | The font color used to render the user initials. If none is provided, the background color is used to compute the font color. |
| :lighten | N | 80 | Number | A factor by which the background color must be lightened to produce the font color. Number between [-100,100]. |
| :size | N | 50 | Number | The avatar size in pixel. |
| :rounded | N | true | Boolean | True for a rounded avatar. |
| :rounded | N | true | Boolean | True if the avatars must be rounded. |
| :model | N | ChineseName or default | Boolean | If the avatar must be a Chinese name, use chinesename. |
| Name | Arguments | Description |
|---|---|---|
| @avatar-initials | username (the value of the username props), initials (the value of the computed initials or the initials props if any) | This event is trigger when the component is ready with component username and initial. |
| Code | |
|---|---|
|
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18 default background colors are available and can be seen below. The background color chosen depends on the username length. This way a username will always have the same background color.


{% extends "core/base.html" %} {% load static compress %} {% block css %} {% compress css %} {% endcompress %} {% endblock %} {% block main_content %}
Opened {{ assignment.start_date }}, closes {{ assignment.end_date }}
{{assignment.main_set.set_description}}
Opens {{ assignment.start_date }}, closes {{ assignment.end_date }}
{{assignment.main_set.set_description}}
Opened {{ assignment.start_date }}, closed {{ assignment.end_date }}
{{assignment.main_set.set_description}}


Register as a teacher
Username:
Password:
Confirm password:
Select your speaking languages:
English
French
Spanish
German
Swedish
Arabic
Italian
Select your teaching subjects:
Math
Physics
Chemistry
History
Geography
Biology
Philosophy
English
French
Spanish
German
Swedish
Arabic
Italian
Select your teaching level:
10th grade
11th grade
12th grade
Select your availability:
8h - 10h
10h - 12h
14h - 16h
16h - 18h
18h - 20h
Country of residency:
Register


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block title %}Tags explained{% endblock %} {% block breadcrumb %}
Each tag refers to a unique item (section, lemma, theorem, etc.) in order for this project to be referenceable. These tags don't change even if the item moves within the text.
To find the tag for an item, hover/click on the item in the pdf file or find the item from the table of contents. See below for LaTeX instructions on how to reference a tag.
The tag system provides stable references to definitions, lemmas, propositions, theorems, remarks, examples, exercises, situations and even equations, sections and items. As the project grows, each of these gets a tag which will always point to the same mathematical result. The place of the lemma in the document may change, the lemma may be moved to a different chapter, but its tag always keeps pointing to it.
If it ever turns out that a lemma, theorem, etc. was wrong then we may remove it from the project. However, we will keep the tag, and there will be an explanation for its disappearance (in the file tags mentioned below).
In your BibTeX file put
@misc{stacks-project,
shorthand = {Stacks},
author = {The {Stacks Project Authors}},
title = {\textit{Stacks Project}},
howpublished = {\url{https://stacks.math.columbia.edu}},
year = {2018},
}
Then you can use the citation code we provide for every tag to cite and link the corresponding tag, for example by
\cite[\href{https://stacks.math.columbia.edu/tag/0123}{Tag 0123}]{stacks-project}
This can be changed according to your tastes. In order to make the \url
and \href
commands to work, one should use the hyperref
package.
There is a file called tags (in the tags subdirectory of the Stacks project) which has on each line the tag followed by an identifier. Example:
01MB,constructions-lemma-proj-scheme
Here the tag is 01MB and the identifier is constructions-lemma-proj-scheme. This means that the tag points to a lemma from the file constructions.tex. It currently has the label lemma-proj-scheme. If we ever change the lemma's label, or move the lemma to a different file, then we will change the corresponding line in the file tags by changing the identifier correspondingly. But we will never change the tag.
A tag is a four character string made up out of digits and capital letters. They are ordered lexicographically between 0000 and ZZZZ originally giving 1679616 possible tags. But as there might arise confusion from the similarities between 0 and O it was decided to stop using the letter O. The last tag using O is tag 04DO. Thus from 04DP on there are only 35 values per position. The 302 tags assigned before this new guideline will remain, as tags are constant.
The first 3026 tags were introduced in the Stacks project on May 16, 2009. New tags are assigned by the maintainer of the Stacks project every once in a while using a script. As the Stacks project is always under construction the available tags on the website, in the Git repository, and the available results in the Stacks project can sometimes be a little bit out of sync.
{% endblock %}
{% block sidebar %}
{{ macros.singlePageLinks() }}
{% endblock %}
Stacks epoch


slab
`Prev `__
S
`Next `__
--------------
**slab**:
1. n. A continuous horizontal line of pixels, all with the same color.
2. vi. To paint a slab on an output device. Apple's QuickDraw, like most
other professional-level graphics systems, renders polygons and lines
not with Bresenham's algorithm, but by calculating slab points for each
scan line on the screen in succession, and then slabbing in the actual
image pixels.
--------------
+----------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+
| `Prev `__ | `Up <../S.html>`__ | `Next `__ |
+----------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+
| skulker | `Home <../index.html>`__ | slack |
+----------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+


Choose to which languages to translate {{currentNode.name}}
{{vm.error.data.Message}}
{{currentNode.name}} was sent to translation for:


Cookie-Stand Sales
1st and Pike
SeaTac Airport
Seattle Center
Capitol Hill
Alki Beach
Create New Shop
Location:
Min units per hour:
Max units per hour:
Avg units per sale:
Add to shops!


When my love swears that she is made of truth,
I do believe her (though I know she lies)
That she might think me some untutor’d youth,
Unskillful in the world’s false forgeries.
Thus vainly thinking that she thinks me young,
Although I know my years be past the best,
I smiling credit her false-speaking tongue,
Outfacing faults in love with love’s ill rest.
But wherefore says my love that she is young?
And wherefore say not I that I am old?
O, love’s best habit’s in a soothing tongue,
And age in love, loves not to have years told.
Therefore I’ll lie with love, and love with me,
Since that our faults in love thus smother’d be.
Two loves I have, of comfort and despair,
That like two spirits do suggest me still:
My better angel is a man (right fair),
My worser spirit a woman (color’d ill).

And whether that my angel be turn’d fiend,
Suspect I may (yet not directly tell):
For being both to me, both to each friend,
I guess one angel in another’s hell:
The truth I shall not know, but live in doubt,
Till my bad angel fire my good one out.
Did not the heavenly rhetoric of thine eye,
’Gainst whom the world could not hold argument,
Persuade my heart to this false perjury?
Vows for thee broke deserve not punishment.
A woman I forswore; but I will prove,
Thou being a goddess, I forswore not thee:
My vow was earthly, thou a heavenly love;
Thy grace being gain’d cures all disgrace in me.
My vow was breath, and breath a vapor is,
Then thou, fair sun, that on this earth doth shine,
Exhal’st this vapor vow, in thee it is:
If broken, then it is no fault of mine.
If by me broke, what fool is not so wise
To break an oath, to win a paradise?
Sweet Cytherea, sitting by a brook
With young Adonis, lovely, fresh, and green,
Did court the lad with many a lovely look,
Such looks as none could look but beauty’s queen.
She told him stories to delight his ear;
She show’d him favors to allure his eye;
To win his heart she touch’d him here and thereâ€”
Touches so soft still conquer chastity.
But whether unripe years did want conceit,
Or he refus’d to take her figured proffer,
The tender nibbler would not touch the bait,
But smile and jest at every gentle offer.
Then fell she on her back, fair queen, and toward:
He rose and ran away, ah, fool too froward!
If love make me forsworn, how shall I swear to love?
O, never faith could hold, if not to beauty vowed:
Though to myself forsworn, to thee I’ll constant prove;
Those thoughts to me like oaks, to thee like osiers bowed.
Study his bias leaves, and makes his book thine eyes,
Where all those pleasures live that art can comprehend.
If knowledge be the mark, to know thee shall suffice:
Well learned is that tongue that well can thee commend,
All ignorant that soul that sees thee without wonder,
Which is to me some praise, that I thy parts admire.
Thine eye Jove’s lightning seems, thy voice his dreadful thunder,
Which, not to anger bent, is music and sweet fire.
Celestial as thou art, O, do not love that wrong:
To sing heaven’s praise with such an earthly tongue.
Scarce had the sun dried up the dewy morn,
And scarce the herd gone to the hedge for shade,
When Cytherea (all in love forlorn)
A longing tarriance for Adonis made
Under an osier growing by a brook,
A brook where Adon us’d to cool his spleen.
Hot was the day, she hotter that did look
For his approach, that often there had been.
Anon he comes, and throws his mantle by,
And stood stark naked on the brook’s green brim.
The sun look’d on the world with glorious eye,
Yet not so wistly as this queen on him.
He spying her, bounc’d in, whereas he stood;
“O Jove,” quoth she, “why was not I a flood?”
Fair is my love, but not so fair as fickle,
Mild as a dove, but neither true nor trusty,
Brighter than glass, and yet as glass is brittle,
Softer than wax, and yet as iron rusty:
A lily pale, with damask dye to grace her,
None fairer, nor none falser to deface her.
Her lips to mine how often hath she joined,
Between each kiss her oaths of true love swearing!
How many tales to please me hath she coined,
Dreading my love, the loss whereof still fearing!
Yet in the midst of all her pure protestings,
Her faith, her oaths, her tears, and all were jestings.
She burnt with love, as straw with fire flameth,
She burnt out love, as soon as straw out-burneth;
She fram’d the love, and yet she foil’d the framing,
She bade love last, and yet she fell a-turning.
Was this a lover, or a lecher whether?
Bad in the best, though excellent in neither.
If music and sweet poetry agree,
As they must needs (the sister and the brother),
Then must the love be great ’twixt thee and me,
Because thou lov’st the one, and I the other.
Dowland to thee is dear, whose heavenly touch
Upon the lute doth ravish human sense;
Spenser to me, whose deep conceit is such
As passing all conceit, needs no defense.
Thou lov’st to hear the sweet melodious sound
That Phoebus’ lute, the queen of music, makes;
And I in deep delight am chiefly drown’d
When as himself to singing he betakes.
One god is god of both (as poets feign),
One knight loves both, and both in thee remain.
 ]
Paler for sorrow than her milk-white dove,
For Adon’s sake, a youngster proud and wild,
Her stand she takes upon a steep-up hill.
Anon Adonis comes with horn and hounds;
She, silly queen, with more than love’s good will,
Forbade the boy he should not pass those grounds.
“Once,” quoth she, “did I see a fair sweet youth
Here in these brakes deep-wounded with a boar,
Deep in the thigh, a spectacle of ruth!
See, in my thigh,” quoth she, “here was the sore.”
She showed hers, he saw more wounds than one,
And blushing fled, and left her all alone.
Sweet rose, fair flower, untimely pluck’d, soon vaded,
Pluck’d in the bud, and vaded in the spring!
Bright orient pearl, alack, too timely shaded!
Fair creature, kill’d too soon by death’s sharp sting!
Like a green plum that hangs upon a tree,
And falls (through wind) before the fall should be.
I weep for thee, and yet no cause I have,
For why: thou lefts me nothing in thy will;
And yet thou lefts me more than I did crave,
For why: I craved nothing of thee still.
O yes, dear friend, I pardon crave of thee,
Thy discontent thou didst bequeath to me.
Venus, with Adonis sitting by her,
Under a myrtle shade began to woo him.
She told the youngling how god Mars did try her,
And as he fell to her, she fell to him.

Ah, that I had my lady at this bay:
To kiss and clip me till I run away!

Youth is full of sport, age’s breath is short,
Youth is nimble, age is lame,
Youth is hot and bold, age is weak and cold,
Youth is wild, and age is tame.
Age, I do abhor thee, youth, I do adore thee:
O, my love, my love is young!
Age, I do defy thee. O sweet shepherd, hie thee,
For methinks thou stays too long.
Beauty is but a vain and doubtful good,
A shining gloss that vadeth suddenly,
A flower that dies when first it gins to bud,
A brittle glass that’s broken presently:
A doubtful good, a gloss, a glass, a flower,
Lost, vaded, broken, dead within an hour.
And as goods lost are seld or never found,
As vaded gloss no rubbing will refresh,
As flowers dead lie withered on the ground,
As broken glass no cement can redress:
So beauty blemish’d once, forever lost,
In spite of physic, painting, pain, and cost.
Good night, good rest, ah, neither be my share!
She bade good night that kept my rest away,
And daff’d me to a cabin hang’d with care,
To descant on the doubts of my decay.
“Farewell,” quoth she, “and come again tomorrow.”
Fare well I could not, for I supp’d with sorrow.
Yet at my parting sweetly did she smile,
In scorn or friendship, nill I conster whether.
’T may be she joy’d to jest at my exile,
’T may be again, to make me wander thither:
“Wander,” a word for shadows like myself,
As take the pain but cannot pluck the pelf.
Lord, how mine eyes throw gazes to the east!
My heart doth charge the watch; the morning rise
Doth cite each moving sense from idle rest,
Not daring trust the office of mine eyes.
While Philomela sits and sings, I sit and mark,
And wish her lays were tuned like the lark.
For she doth welcome daylight with her ditty,
And drives away dark dreaming night.
The night so pack’d, I post unto my pretty;
Heart hath his hope, and eyes their wished sight:
Sorrow chang’d to solace, and solace mix’d with sorrow;
For why, she sight, and bade me come tomorrow.
Were I with her, the night would post too soon,
But now are minutes added to the hours;
To spite me now, each minute seems a moon,
Yet not for me, shine sun to succor flowers!
Pack night, peep day; good day, of night now borrow:
Short night tonight, and length thyself tomorrow.
It was a lording’s daughter, the fairest one of three,
That liked of her master, as well as well might be,
Till looking on an Englishman, the fairest that eye could see,
Her fancy fell a-turning.
Long was the combat doubtful, that love with love did fight,
To leave the master loveless, or kill the gallant knight:
To put in practice either, alas, it was a spite
Unto the silly damsel!
But one must be refused; more mickle was the pain,
That nothing could be used, to turn them both to gain,
For of the two the trusty knight was wounded with disdain:
Alas, she could not help it!
Thus art with arms contending was victor of the day,
Which by a gift of learning did bear the maid away:
Then lullaby, the learned man hath got the lady gay,
For now my song is ended.
On a day (alack the day!)
Love, whose month was ever May,
Spied a blossom passing fair,
Playing in the wanton air.
Through the velvet leaves the wind
All unseen gan passage find,
That the lover, sick to death,
Wish’d himself the heavens’ breath.
“Air,” quoth he, “thy cheeks may blow,
Air, would I might triumph so!
But (alas) my hand hath sworn
Ne’er to pluck thee from thy thorn,
Vow (alack) for youth unmeet,
Youth, so apt to pluck a sweet.
Thou for whom Jove would swear
Juno but an Ethiope were,
And deny himself for Jove,
Turning mortal for thy love.”
My flocks feed not, my ewes breed not,
My rams speed not, all is amiss;
Love is dying, faith’s defying,
Heart’s denying, causer of this.
All my merry jigs are quite forgot,
All my lady’s love is lost, God wot.
Where her faith was firmly fix’d in love,
There a nay is plac’d without remove.
One silly cross wrought all my loss,
O frowning Fortune, cursed, fickle dame!
For now I see inconstancy
More in women than in men remain.
In black mourn I, all fears scorn I,
Love hath forlorn me, living in thrall;
Heart is bleeding, all help needing,
O cruel speeding, fraughted with gall.
My shepherd’s pipe can sound no deal,
My wether’s bell rings doleful knell,
My curtal dog, that wont to have play’d,
Plays not at all, but seems afraid;
With sighs so deep procures to weep,
In howling wise, to see my doleful plight.
How sighs resound through heartless ground,
Like a thousand vanquish’d men in bloody fight!
Clear wells spring not, sweet birds sing not,
Green plants bring not forth their dye;
Herds stands weeping, flocks all sleeping,
Nymphs back peeping fearfully.
All our pleasure known to us poor swains,
All our merry meetings on the plains,
All our evening sport from us is fled,
All our love is lost, for Love is dead.
Farewell, sweet lass, thy like ne’er was
For a sweet content, the cause of all my moan.
Poor Corydon must live alone,
Other help for him I see that there is none.
When as thine eye hath chose the dame,
And stall’d the deer that thou shouldst strike,
Let reason rule things worthy blame,
As well as fancy, partial might.
Take counsel of some wiser head,
Neither too young nor yet unwed.
And when thou com’st thy tale to tell,
Smooth not thy tongue with filed talk,
Lest she some subtile practice smellâ€”
A cripple soon can find a haltâ€”
But plainly say thou lov’st her well,
And set her person forth to sale.
And to her will frame all thy ways,
Spare not to spend, and chiefly there
Where thy desert may merit praise,
By ringing in thy lady’s ear.
The strongest castle, tower, and town,
The golden bullet beats it down.
Serve always with assured trust,
And in thy suit be humble true;
Unless thy lady prove unjust,
Press never thou to choose anew.
When time shall serve, be thou not slack
To proffer, though she put thee back.
What though her frowning brows be bent,
Her cloudy looks will calm yer night,
And then too late she will repent,
That thus dissembled her delight;
And twice desire, yer it be day,
That which with scorn she put away.
What though she strive to try her strength,
And ban and brawl, and say thee nay,
Her feeble force will yield at length,
When craft hath taught her thus to say:
“Had women been so strong as men,
In faith, you had not had it then.”
The wiles and guiles that women work,
Dissembled with an outward show,
The tricks and toys that in them lurk,
The cock that treads them shall not know.
Have you not heard it said full oft,
A woman’s nay doth stand for nought?
Think women still to strive with men,
To sin and never for to saint:
There is no heaven, be holy then,
When time with age shall them attaint.
Were kisses all the joys in bed,
One woman would another wed.
But soft, enoughâ€”too much, I fearâ€”
Lest that my mistress hear my song;
She will not stick to round me on th’ ear,
To teach my tongue to be so long.
Yet will she blush, here be it said,
To hear her secrets so bewray’d.
Live with me and be my love,
And we will all the pleasures prove
That hills and valleys, dales and fields,
And all the craggy mountains yield.

There will I make thee a bed of roses,
With a thousand fragrant posies,
A cap of flowers, and a kirtle
Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle;
A belt of straw and ivy buds,
With coral clasps and amber studs:
And if these pleasures may thee move,
Then live with me, and be my love.
If that the world and love were young,
And truth in every shepherd’s tongue,
These pretty pleasures might me move,
To live with thee and be thy love.
As it fell upon a day,
In the merry month of May,
Sitting in a pleasant shade,
Which a grove of myrtles made,
Beasts did leap and birds did sing,
Trees did grow and plants did spring;
Every thing did banish moan,
Save the nightingale alone.
She, poor bird, as all forlorn,
Lean’d her breast up-till a thorn,
And there sung the dolefull’st ditty,
That to hear it was great pity.
“Fie, fie, fie,” now would she cry,
“Tereu, tereu,” by and by;
That to hear her so complain,
Scarce I could from tears refrain;
For her griefs, so lively shown,
Made me think upon mine own.
Ah, thought I, thou mourn’st in vain,
None takes pity on thy pain.
Senseless trees, they cannot hear thee,
Ruthless bears, they will not cheer thee.
King Pandion, he is dead:
All thy friends are lapp’d in lead;
All thy fellow birds do sing,
Careless of thy sorrowing.
Whilst as fickle Fortune smil’d,
Thou and I were both beguil’d.
Every one that flatters thee
Is no friend in misery.
Words are easy, like the wind,
Faithful friends are hard to find:
Every man will be thy friend,
Whilst thou hast wherewith to spend;
But if store of crowns be scant,
No man will supply thy want.
If that one be prodigal,
Bountiful they will him call;
And with such-like flattering,
“Pity but he were a king!”
If he be addict to vice,
Quickly him they will entice;
If to women he be bent,
They have at commandment.
But if Fortune once do frown,
Then farewell his great renown;
They that fawn’d on him before
Use his company no more.
He that is thy friend indeed,
He will help thee in thy need:
If thou sorrow, he will weep;
If thou wake, he cannot sleep;
Thus of every grief in heart
He with thee doth bear a part.
These are certain signs to know
Faithful friend from flatt’ring foe.


Crystal 0.30.0 has been released!
This release comes with some language changes, compiler features, and std-lib improvements. There is some work-in-progress related to multi-threading in other branches, they are moving forward and we are eager to share them as a whole.
There are 139 commits since 0.29.0 by 28 contributors.
Let’s review some highlights in this release. But don’t miss the rest of the release changelog which has a lot of valuable information.
Language changes
The language now checks that the return type of an abstract method is obeyed. This means that in an implementing type you need to annotate explicitly the return type if the abstract method is also annotated.
The following is now an error
You will need to declare Bar#foo
as def foo : String
which makes the underlying issue more evident: Bar#foo
was wrongly trying to return an Int32
instead of a String
.
You don’t need to copy and paste it. A subtype can be used.
Finally, if you forget to implement some abstract method the compiler will let you know. Even on generic types and modules.
Since this change is likely to break a good amount of code it is introduced as a warning. Build your project with --warnings=all
to be ready for when this is switched from a warning to a real compile-time error. Read more about this feature in #7956, #7999, and #8010.
Syntax changes
A small breaking-change syntax wise is that ranges can not span across lines since #7888.
Macros
There are a couple of new macro methods to extract arguments of Annotations
in #7694. For all metaprogramming lovers, this would be good stuff. As usual, metaprogramming is not something to abuse.
The API to work with AST nodes of paths and types had some polishing that will bring some fewer headaches. Read more in #7970.
Compiler
Support for LLVM 7 was a long debt. We finally paid it together with support for LLVM 8. Read more about it in #7987 and #7986. In case you want to contribute in two months with the LLVM 9 support ;-)
There are a couple of bug-fixes related to top-level private const scope, annotation lookup on generic types and other corner cases.
Distribution
In case you missed the news, the nightly Linux release is available in snapstore.io and in TravisCI as crystal: nightly
in your travis.yml
. This was automated in #7893.
For macOS official packages (ie: the one that you can download from GitHub) we are now using LLVM 6.0.1. Don’t ask what has been used up until today.
For Homebrew, LLVM 8.0.0 is used from now on.
Standard library
There was a need for a breaking-change in UUID
: the method UUID#to_slice
was removed because it exposed a pointer to the underlying memory representation and doing that in a stack allocated value is error-prone. Use UUID#bytes
instead, that returns a StaticArray(UInt8, 16)
. Read more at #7901.
Boxing of values using Box
is used for some C callbacks and some low-level structures. Thanks to #8016 the boxing of nil
and reference types is now lighter.
Benchmark.memory
is now available to measure just memory usage. Read more at #7835.
Every now and then some sample code in the docs are outdated. There is a tool made and run regularly to keep them in good shape. Luckily #8003 was not as big as other past iteration. Check maiha/crystal-examples to see how this is done!
Serialization
JSON serialization can handle numeric keys, so Hash(Int32, String).from_json
works. Read more at #7944.
YAML deserialization handles String
as the last option if the expected type is a union. Since anything can be a String
that make sense. Read more at #7938
Finally there is a breaking-change regarding the API on the JSON parser. The usage of symbols for the parser state was replaced by enums in #7966.
Networking
URI.escape
and URI.unescape
are deprecated and you will need to choose between URI.encode_www_form
/URI.decode_www_form
and URI.encode
/URI.decode
. This allows you to choose how to handle reserved chars. Read more at #7997.
The parsing of the HTTP protocol got some performance optimizations in #8002 and #8009. This might improve the performance of HTTP::Server
in your apps.
System
There is an initial API to work with users and groups in System::User
and System::Group
. Read more at #7725.
Other news
Snapcraft 3.7 has been released and that means that the Crystal plugin can be used out of the box.
Next steps
Please update your Crystal and report any issues. We will keep moving forward and start the development focusing on 0.31.
Once again, check your code with --warnings=all
. This will help in the migration of your codebase and will probably push some feedback about that tool. Some future language changes were introduced in this release as warnings for a smooth migration. But, unless you use --warnings=all
you will not discover them.
It will also be helpful if your shards are run against Crystal nightly releases. Either Docker or Snap are the current channels to get them easily. This will help to reduce the friction of a release while checking if the ecosystem is in good shape.
Stay tuned!
The development is possible thanks to the community’s effort, 84codes’ support, and every supporter.


About Us
This application provides a search for National Parks based on proximity to a city, state, zip code, or address. A map is rendered that provides markers for each park. Data is provided above the map in bright colors warning users of the current trend in Covid-19 transmission based on the percentage increase over the past 7 days in positive cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. This information is provided by the Covid Tracking Project. This application is for information purposes only.
It was developed by Alex Nordin, Benjamin Smith, Reed Taylor, and Thomas Tutchings. The purpose of this website is for educational purposes only. We are in no way affiliated with the U.S. National Parks Service. Please feel free to contact us!


"x" "1" "VASIL'EVA,SV, MAKHOVA,EV, EFREMENKOVA,OV AND BARTOSHEVICH,YE:GENOTOXIC AND MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF ANTITUMOR ANTHRACYCLINES AND AGLYCONES:STUDIES WITH"


|
XLabs
Cross-platform reusable C# libraries
|
Class MonthCellDescriptor. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| MonthCellDescriptor (DateTime date, bool isCurrentMonth, bool isSelectable, bool isSelected, bool isToday, bool isHighlighted, int value, RangeState rangeState, StyleDescriptor style) | |
| Initializes a new instance of the MonthCellDescriptor class. More... | |
| override string | ToString () |
| Returns a System.String that represents this instance. More... | |
Properties | |
| DateTime | DateTime [get, set] |
| Gets or sets the date time. More... | |
| int | Value [get, set] |
| Gets or sets the value. More... | |
| bool | IsCurrentMonth [get, set] |
| Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance is current month. More... | |
| bool | IsSelected [get, set] |
| Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance is selected. More... | |
| bool | IsToday [get, set] |
| Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance is today. More... | |
| bool | IsSelectable [get, set] |
| Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance is selectable. More... | |
| bool | IsHighlighted [get, set] |
| Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance is highlighted. More... | |
| RangeState | RangeState [get, set] |
| Gets or sets the state of the range. More... | |
| StyleDescriptor | Style [get, set] |
| Gets or sets the style. More... | |
Class MonthCellDescriptor.
| XLabs.Forms.Controls.MonoDroid.TimesSquare.MonthCellDescriptor.MonthCellDescriptor | ( | DateTime | date, |
| bool | isCurrentMonth, | ||
| bool | isSelectable, | ||
| bool | isSelected, | ||
| bool | isToday, | ||
| bool | isHighlighted, | ||
| int | value, | ||
| RangeState | rangeState, | ||
| StyleDescriptor | style | ||
| ) |
Initializes a new instance of the MonthCellDescriptor class.
| date | The date. |
| isCurrentMonth | if set to true [is current month]. |
| isSelectable | if set to true [is selectable]. |
| isSelected | if set to true [is selected]. |
| isToday | if set to true [is today]. |
| isHighlighted | if set to true [is highlighted]. |
| value | The value. |
| rangeState | State of the range. |
| style | The style. |
| override string XLabs.Forms.Controls.MonoDroid.TimesSquare.MonthCellDescriptor.ToString | ( | ) |
Returns a System.String that represents this instance.
<since version="Added in API level 1">
Returns a string containing a concise, human-readable description of this object. Subclasses are encouraged to override this method and provide an implementation that takes into account the object's type and data. The default implementation is equivalent to the following expression:
See !:Java.Lang.Object.writing_toString if you intend implementing your own toString
method.
<format type="text/html"> [Android Documentation] </format>
|
getset |
Gets or sets the date time.
The date time.
|
getset |
Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance is current month.
true
if this instance is current month; otherwise, false
.
|
getset |
Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance is highlighted.
true
if this instance is highlighted; otherwise, false
.
|
getset |
Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance is selectable.
true
if this instance is selectable; otherwise, false
.
|
getset |
Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance is selected.
true
if this instance is selected; otherwise, false
.
|
getset |
Gets or sets a value indicating whether this instance is today.
true
if this instance is today; otherwise, false
.
|
getset |
Gets or sets the state of the range.
The state of the range.
|
getset |
Gets or sets the style.
The style.
|
getset |
Gets or sets the value.
The value.


Updated: 4/14/2015
This document covers the lifecycle of a pod. It is not an exhaustive document, but an introduction to the topic.
As consistent with the overall API convention, phase is a simple, high-level summary of the phase of the lifecycle of a pod. It is not intended to be a comprehensive rollup of observations of container-level or even pod-level conditions or other state, nor is it intended to be a comprehensive state machine.
The number and meanings of PodPhase
values are tightly guarded. Other than what is documented here, nothing should be assumed about pods with a given PodPhase
.
A pod containing containers that specify readiness probes will also report the Ready condition. Condition status values may be True
, False
, or Unknown
.
A Probe is a diagnostic performed periodically by the kubelet on a container. Specifically the diagnostic is one of three Handlers:
ExecAction
: executes a specified command inside the container expecting on success that the command exits with status code 0.TCPSocketAction
: performs a tcp check against the container’s IP address on a specified port expecting on success that the port is open.HTTPGetAction
: performs an HTTP Get against the container’s IP address on a specified port and path expecting on success that the response has a status code greater than or equal to 200 and less than 400.Each probe will have one of three results:
Success
: indicates that the container passed the diagnostic.Failure
: indicates that the container failed the diagnostic.Unknown
: indicates that the diagnostic failed so no action should be taken.Currently, the kubelet optionally performs two independent diagnostics on running containers which trigger action:
LivenessProbe
: indicates whether the container is live, i.e. still running. The LivenessProbe hints to the kubelet when a container is unhealthy. If the LivenessProbe fails, the kubelet will kill the container and the container will be subjected to it’s RestartPolicy. The default state of Liveness before the initial delay is Success
. The state of Liveness for a container when no probe is provided is assumed to be Success
.ReadinessProbe
: indicates whether the container is ready to service requests. If the ReadinessProbe fails, the endpoints controller will remove the pod’s IP address from the endpoints of all services that match the pod. Thus, the ReadinessProbe is sometimes useful to signal to the endpoints controller that even though a pod may be running, it should not receive traffic from the proxy (e.g. the container has a long startup time before it starts listening or the container is down for maintenance). The default state of Readiness before the initial delay is Failure
. The state of Readiness for a container when no probe is provided is assumed to be Success
.More detailed information about the current (and previous) container statuses can be found in ContainerStatuses. The information reported depends on the current ContainerState, which may be Waiting, Running, or Terminated.
The possible values for RestartPolicy are Always
, OnFailure
, or Never
. If RestartPolicy is not set, the default value is Always
. RestartPolicy applies to all containers in the pod. RestartPolicy only refers to restarts of the containers by the Kubelet on the same node. Failed containers that are restarted by Kubelet, are restarted with an exponential back-off delay, the delay is in multiples of sync-frequency 0, 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x … capped at 5 minutes and is reset after 10 minutes of successful execution. As discussed in the pods document, once bound to a node, a pod will never be rebound to another node. This means that some kind of controller is necessary in order for a pod to survive node failure, even if just a single pod at a time is desired.
Three types of controllers are currently available:
Job
for pods which are expected to terminate (e.g. batch computations).Use a ReplicationController
for pods which are not expected to
terminate, and where (e.g. web servers).
DaemonSet
: Use for pods which need to run 1 per machine because they provide a
machine-specific system service.
If you are unsure whether to use ReplicationController or Daemon, then see Daemon Set versus
Replication Controller.ReplicationController
is only appropriate for pods with RestartPolicy = Always
.
Job
is only appropriate for pods with RestartPolicy
equal to OnFailure
or Never
.
All 3 types of controllers contain a PodTemplate, which has all the same fields as a Pod. It is recommended to create the appropriate controller and let it create pods, rather than to directly create pods yourself. That is because pods alone are not resilient to machine failures, but Controllers are.
In general, pods which are created do not disappear until someone destroys them. This might be a human or a ReplicationController
, or another controller. The only exception to this rule is that pods with a PodPhase
of Succeeded
or Failed
for more than some duration (determined by the master) will expire and be automatically reaped.
If a node dies or is disconnected from the rest of the cluster, some entity within the system (call it the NodeController for now) is responsible for applying policy (e.g. a timeout) and marking any pods on the lost node as Failed
.


This application solve math equations (of variable x
) by bisection method.
To solve equation F(x)=0
, input the expression in the text box at the bottom.
x
is assumed as unknown variable. Other lowercase letter can be assigned to a constant expression or function of x
.
Define all identifier used in the equation, then start plot.
After you click Plot & Solve, the app will plot the equation. Just find one intersection with X-axis and submit to start bisection method.
If the equation has multiple roots, just return to the plot and find another intersection point.


--- layout: default title: "404: Page not found" permalink: 404.html ---
Houston, we have a problem! Head back home or let me know @rghv_bali.


GIRLFIGHT ---------
Diana's (Michelle Rodriguez) getting into trouble at her Brooklyn High School over her pugilistic tendencies while her single dad Sandro (Paul Calderon, "Out of Sight") is pushing weekly boxing lessons on her artistically inclined younger brother Tiny (Ray Santiago). When Sandro won't give her an allowance, Diana secretly takes matters into her own hands and convinces Tiny's trainer Hector (Jaime Tirelli, "City of Hope") that she can come up with his $10 per lesson fee in this year's Sundance Grand Jury and Director winner, "Girlfight."
LAURA:
"Girlfight" cops a tough feminine 'tude from the get go when star Rodriguez, leaning on a locker, glares up at us from beneath her eyelashes, recalling Malcom McDowell's punk in "A Clockwork Orange." Soon Diana's beating on a pretty classmate who's dared to steal the less attractive Marisol's (Elisa Bocanegra) boyfriend and insult her in the process. She picks up Tiny at the Brooklyn Athletic Club and hauls off and belts Ray, a boxer and classmate ('I couldn't resist,' she says). When Diana goes home, she glowers as she performs the womanly duties of serving dinner and cleaning up, listens to a TV news report of a woman whose boyfriend set her on fire, and watches a neighborhood woman struggle with her small children on the street below.
Diana's not all about feminist brooding sullenness, however, as can be seen when she begins formal boxing training and the top amateur featherweight, Adrian (Santiago Douglas) catches her eye. She listens to Hector, but watches Adrian flirt with his oh-so-feminine girlfriend. Soon they're thrown into each other's company after an amateur bout, sharing dinner at a diner (she orders a rare cheeseburger with extra bacon, he has a salad with a cup of soup) and a ride home. Adrian's intrigued by this woman he can talk to, and, after squiring his trophy girl to an event Diana also attends, is forced to realize Diana's the one for him. Then the real confrontation presents itself - Hector is entering his prize boxer, Diana, in the finals for the amateur featherweight championship - against Adrian.
Writer/Director Karyn Kusama (one time John Sayles' assistant, supported here by his long time producers Sarah Green and Maggie Renzie) has fashioned a film whose main character is so immediately in your face you reject letting her in. Gradually, however, Kusama's screenplay and newcomer Rodriguez' performance win you over before you realize it because they're just so real. Diana, we learn, has a reason to be angry and has very wisely channelled it into something productive. She's also not all fight, caring for Tiny and Marisol, while trying to establish trust with Adrian. She's believable physically, training and sparring in the gym. She subtly projects emotions as well, such as when, discovering a home totally unlike her own, her eyes dart around, taking in all the family pictures. She can be plain (particularly with an eye blackened!) or show smoldering sexiness.
Support is equally strong and well cast, particularly Santiago Douglas' Adrian who undergoes an anti-macho catharsis because of knowing Diana and Jaime Tirelli's good-hearted Hector, a small time trainer whose mind is opened when he finds talent in an unexpected package.
The screenplay never lets its characters take routine paths and builds with a graceful arc. The climatic scene is preceeded by a beautiful silhouette shot of Hector asking Diana 'Do you know him inside? Do you know yourself inside?' The denouement is beautifully realized in front of the dingy window in the broom closet that's been deeded to Diana for a locker in the all-male domain.
Kusama's direction is sure and strong. Along with her cinematographer Patrick Cady and production designer Stephen Beatrice, a real sense of place is created. Whether on the streets, in homes, at school or the gym, we know we're in a real, urban neighborhood. Fight scenes are immediate, with some punches coming right at the camera lens.
The unique score by Theodore Shapiro is heavily percussive, often sounding like castanets backing a metronome. Sound by Mary Ellen Porto is sharp, punctuated with thematic bells and buzzers from school halls to ringside.
"Girlfight" is the real thing.
B+
ROBIN:
N/A
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Configuration Exercise 1-2: NAT Using Access Lists ... - Cisco Press
Sample Chapter is provided courtesy of Cisco Press. Date: Jun 11, 2004. Save Digg . addresses for use by NAT. (config)#ip nat inside source list 100 pool BBR .
http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.aspx?p=174107&seqNum=10
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Minimum Viable Product
Going back to another post I wrote, the first step that’s important in starting up is thinking through and understanding your assumptions. After you have that, the next step is to then go figure out a way to validate those. Here comes your MVP.
When we get to this part of the conversation, the next thing I hear is a lot of ‘Now I have to build an app to do X’. There are very few cases where you actually need to build something to prove out an idea. If your MVP involves building something from scratch, you likely don’t understand your assumptions enough.
Like any product, an MVP is a solution to a problem – a person interacts with a product, and the product does something back for them. The purpose is to quickly test and validate your assumptions – do people have this problem and if so, does my solution actually solve their need? ie – does someone care enough check out my product, and if they do, do they use it again and/or pay?
The MVP is to validate that statement. Whether the solution is the result of a manual effort or done by a machine likely doesn’t matter to the end user. The user only cares about the end result – does this solve my problem?
Building an app or some sort of product is simply automating a solution so it can scale. But you only want to invest time building and automating after your solution has been validated. Prior to proving this out, focus on the shortest path to validating your assumptions – and there are likely enough free tools out there for you to validate without building anything.
A few examples – Product Hunt. It stated out with a basic idea – products are interesting & people care about them. So Ryan started out with a newsletter, curating products and sending emails out to friends – the core thesis there is that people not only care about products, but also he can curate and present interesting ones. After they newsletter took off, Ryan then recruits friends to then build the site. In the consumer world, people express interest and vote with their time & engagement. Validation –> Product.
Uncover has a similar story, but for business. Their idea is that a big part of retainingn talent is rewarding people - so they build a product to reward employees with cool perks. In the beginning, they manually enabled perks until they really got some wind behind it and then they automated. In business, people vote with dollars. Validate –> Product.
Even for technical founders, this is the right way to validate an idea. Embark on the shortest path to validate your solution - whether it’s via a manual process or getting a check pre-product. A mockup is worth a million debates & small, manual validations are better than large unvalidated products.
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Enter one locus identifier of a gene (i.e. AT1G09950). By clicking the search button, it redirects you to another page which tells Gene desciption,
Parent expression,
RIL lines expression.
Assumption: The causal gene located underneath the eQTL is likely to show correlation in expression levels with the gene that mapped to its positioin. Genes involved in the same biological process mapping to the same position indicates that many of them might be under the control of a same gene.
By entering LOD cutoff and locus ID of target genes (Both are optional), highly correlated genes which have the same eQTL are presented in the LOD profile plot.
Another LOD-curve plot with additional information of the physical position of the queried gene.


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