Seattle Location
serving salmon cookies since 2012
Come visit us in our original Seattle location! We serve freshly baked salmon cookies each day. Our cookies are prepared in-house by our friendly and welcoming staff.
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Address: 1234 Salmon Cookie Way Seattle, WA
Tokyo Location
serving salmon cookies since 2015
Come visit us in our first-ever international location. We serve freshly baked salmon cookies each day. Our cookies are prepared in-house by our friendly and welcoming staff.
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Address: 1234 Salmon Ave Tokyo, Japan
Paris Location
serving salmon cookies since 2016
Our Paris location sits in the shadows of the Eiffel tower, where we serve freshly baked salmon cookies each day. Our cookies are prepared in-house by our friendly and welcoming staff.
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Address: 234 Salmon Ave Paris, FR
Dubai Location
serving salmon cookies since 2018
Please visit our Dubai location! We serve freshly baked salmon cookies each day. Our cookies are prepared in-house by our friendly and welcoming staff.
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Address: 1234 Salmon Ave Dubai, UAE
Lima Location
serving salmon cookies since 2019
Sample the best of Peru by tasting one of our Salmon Cookies! We serve freshly baked salmon cookies each day. Our cookies are prepared in-house by our friendly and welcoming staff.
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About Us
Pat's Salmon Cookie Started as a humble dream in Pat's home kitchen. One day he was eating a cookie, but also thinking about salmon, and then... eureka! Pat's Salmon Cookies was born! Now you too can enjoy a tasty salmon cookies! Whether you are a Seattle native or just visiting our rainy city, stop by Pat's Salmon Cookies for a tasty treat that combines the best of both worlds... cookies and seafood! Pat's is still a family-run business to this day. We are proud to offer coffee, salmon cookies, and NEW merchandise.
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One of the best ways to explore San Jose is through a walking tour! The three hour tour shows magnificent parts of the city that tourists may otherwise miss, and is perfect for any foodies to enjoy. The tour is limited to 12 people; for a more personalized experience. It includes a food tasting portion, which includes legendary Costa Rican coffee, exploration of the San Jose Borbon market, and exercise!
The largest park in San Jose, it's a beautiful green space that's perfect for those who want a stroll. The magnificent landscape contains soccer, basketball and tennis courts, skating and running tracks, and a shooting range as well. It also contains a large lake that can be used for kayaking. Located within the park is the New National Stadium and the Museo de Arte Costarricense (The Costa Rican Art museum), which both offer even more joyous experiences.
This museum is located in the old control tower for the La Sabana airport, which was closed down after a new one was built in downtown San Jose. There is no entry fee, so visitors can enjoy the 6,000 pieces of history for free. The museum also has educational services like critical thinking of plastic consumption and such. The neocolonial building, built in the 1930s, is a piece of history worth admiring.
This multi-purpose stadium is known for its cleaniness, and for also replacing the old stadium. Built in 2011, this new stadium can house about 35,000 occupants, which in turns allows fans to watch soccer in all its glory. In fact the first event the stadium hosted was a friendly match between Costa Rica and China, which ended in a tie. However, that's not all as the stadium has hosted a number of concerts as well. The stadium is a perfect place for sport & music lovers to come together and have one in a lifetime experience. .
A special look at Costa Rican history with objects that pre-date the Columbus era. Built in 1917, it was originally a military barrack, and it was used in the civil war in 1948, in fact there's still bullet holes adorning the walls from war.However, after the war the military was abolished, and the former barracks was turned into a museum. The building itself contains stories from times long past that can be passed onto every person who visits. Anthropologists and archaeologists enthiatsinits ,in particular, will have a blast in this museum.
For those who want to party and see the nightlife San Jose has to offer, then a pub crawl is in order. The crawl starts with an hour of free drinks, and the tour will take place in four different pubs, with no wait-time and VIP access to each club. The clubs also offer a free welcome drink to all partaking in the tour. The tour guide will be able to recommend the best alcohol and food for every type of drinker.


| test | expect | actual |
|---|---|---|
| select-tags | 3 |
|
| dataset-class | DOMStringMap |
|
| camelize | jackRabbitSlims |
|
| camelize-bracks | jackRabbitSlims |
|
| dataset-object | true |
|
| keys | movieName |
|
| get-movie-name | Pulp Fiction |
|
| set-director | Tarantino |
|
| set-year | 1994 |
|
| get-year | true |
|
| get-year-exact | true |
|
| parse-true | true |
|
| parse-num | true |
|
| parse-inf | true |
|
| deletes | undefined |
|
| set-multi | Uma Thurman |
|
| query-data | 3 |
|
| query-data-multi | 4 |
|
| dne | undefined |
|


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Copyright: 2004-2005, Metaparadigm Pte. Ltd.
2008-2009, Yahoo! Inc.
License: MIT
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Copyright: 2004-2005, Metaparadigm Pte. Ltd.
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2009 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
License: MIT
Files: json_object_iterator.[ch]
Copyright: 2009-2012 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
License: MIT
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Copyright: 2009, Fabien Boucher
License: MIT
License: MIT
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
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to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
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Description: In this lecture, we consider cognitive architectures, including General Problem Solver, SOAR, Emotion Machine, Subsumption, and Genesis. Each is based on a different hypothesis about human intelligence, such as the importance of language and stories.
Instructor: Patrick H. Winston
Lecture 19: Architectures: ...
PROFESSOR: [INAUDIBLE].
"Thus Spake Zarathustra" was made famous and popular by 2001.
And that is music played at this magic moment when some primate suddenly gets an idea, presumably one of our ancestors.
So how do we explain all that?
We've got all of the ingredients on the table.
And today I want to talk about various ways of putting those ingredients together.
So we talked about representations, we've talked about methods, and today we're going to talk about architectures.
And by the end of the class you'll know how to put one of those things together.
Actually, no one knows how to put one of those things together.
But what you will know is about some alternatives for putting those things together so as to make something that is arguably intelligent in the same way we are.
So that is our agenda for today.
We'll also talk a little bit more about stories.
I think it was in 2007 when the Estonians moved a war memorial from the center of Tallinn off to a Russian war cemetery.
Prior to that time the Estonians had been building up their national computer networks because they thought that computation was the wave of the future-- networks and all of that.
Shortly after the movement of that war memorial, someone brought the Estonian national network down-- a cyber attack.
It was widely believed to be the Russians.
There's a large Russian ethnic population in Estonia to start with.
And the movement of that war memorial irritated the Russians.
And so everybody everybody thinks that they did it.
But you know what?
No computer can understand the story I just told.
They can revel through all of the worldwide web finding information that's relevant to that, but no computer can understand the story I just told, except one.
You'll see a demonstration of that later on today.
So by the way, if you're interested in understanding the nature of intelligence, this is, of course, the most important lecture of the semester.
And I should tell you a little bit about what we're going to do on Wednesday.
Because for some reason the day before Thanksgiving tends to be a lecture that's lightly populated, except in this class.
Because I'm going to talk about the artificial intelligence business and what can be learned from it about how to avoid going broke when you start your company.
So for many of you that will be the most important lecture of the semester.
It all started back in the dawn age of artificial intelligence.
And really, it all started at Carnegie Mellon, sad to say.
Because the people at Carnegie Mellon, notably Newell and Simon, were the first to think about sort of a general purpose way of putting things together so as to build a structure or architecture in which particular intelligent systems could be built.
So their idea was called the general problem solver.
A long name for a simple idea.
And the simple idea is that you start your life out in a current state, call it C. And you want to get to some goal state.
Call it S. And a way you do that is you measure somehow the symbolic difference between where you are and where you want to be.
So that's the difference.
We'll call that difference D. And when you observe that difference that's enough, they say, in this general approach to problem solving.
For you to select some operation that will move you from your current state to some new state, an intermediate state.
Call it I. So I, or that operator, O, is determined by the difference, D.
And then, of course, the next thing to do is to measure the difference between that intermediate state and the state you want to be in, and choose some operator that's relevant to reducing that state.
So we'll call that D2, and we'll call this O2.
And D2 is what leads you to 02, and so it goes.
So that's the idea.
And that's often called means-ends analysis.
Why?
Because the end that you want to achieve is being in that final state, S. And the means is that operator, O. So you have some notion of where you want to be and the difference of where you are and where you want to be.
And you pick an operator so as to reduce that difference.
So this is all very abstract.
Let's exercise it in solving a problem that you will all be faced with here in a day or two.
That is, for many of you-- most Of you, I hope-- the problem of going home.
So here you are.
You're at MIT.
And where you want to be is over here, at home.
So you measure the difference between MIT and home.
And for many of you it's further than you can go by car and not so far that you can't go at all.
So what you do is, you say, well, the right operator is taking an airplane.
So there is the operator, take an airplane.
And this is the difference, D. And the difference, D, being sufficiently large, you take the plane.
Trouble is, if you happen to be sitting here in [? 10-250 ?] there's no way you can take an airplane, because they don't fit in here.
So you've got another problem, and that is to get to the airplane.
So the distance between here and Logan is such that the right way to do that is to take the MBTA.
And that's determined because you're working on this difference reduction right here, the difference from being at MIT and being at the airport.
So that difference dictates that you take the MBTA.
So you see, you're re-cursing.
But you know there are no MBTA cars in here either.
So there's still a difference like so.
And that difference dictates that you walk.
So you've got D1, D2, and D3.
And by the time you've excised the operators relevant to those three differences, you're at Logan.
Then you take the airplane, you get over to your hometown, and your faced with the smaller difference of getting from that airport to where you actually want to go.
So that's the general problem- solver idea.
It was such an exciting idea at the time.
It was such an exciting idea at the time because people would say to themselves, ah!
This is a general purpose problem solver, so we can set it onto the problem of making itself smarter.
And so there was a kind of imagined chain reaction that would take place.
And the developers of this architecture warned the public that within 10 years-- that is to say, by about 1970-- computers would be generally as smart as people.
And a lot of people made fun of them for that prediction.
But it was actually scientists attempting to be responsible.
Because they thought something, a quite serious dislocation was coming along, and that people should know that it was coming.
And so they felt it was their responsibility in that age of scientific responsibility to warn the public.
It didn't turn out that way, because the problem of collecting the differences and finding the operators, that's outside the scope of the architecture.
So this is the problem that has to be solved by a human before this architecture can be used.
You have to have identified the differences that you might encounter and the operators that you might use, and build this table which relates the two together.
So maybe that one, that one, some off-diagonal elements, and so on.
But building that table turned out to be a hard job.
So not surprisingly, the idea evolved.
And eventually the folks at Carnegie who developed the general problem solver-- most notably Newell and his students-- developed a newer, fresher, more elaborate architecture called SOAR.
And here's how SOAR works.
First of all, what does SOAR mean?
It doesn't mean anything.
It used to mean State Operator And Result.
But for some reason the proponents of the SOAR architecture decided they don't like that acronym, and have asserted that SOAR is merely a label that shouldn't be thought of as an acronym.
In any event, SOAR consists of various parts.
It has a long-term memory.
It has a short-term memory.
And it has connections to the outside world, maybe a vision system and an action system.
But most of the activity of the SOAR problem-solving architecture takes place in a short-term memory.
So you can view the contents of the long-term memory as shuttling in and out of short-term memory.
So you can see right away that this mechanism, this architecture, is heavily influenced by certain cognitive psychology experiments having to do with how much you can hold in your short-term memory-- nonsense syllables and all that sort of thing that was popular back in those days.
So this was an architecture devised primarily by psychologists.
And it had amongst its features a short-term memory and a long-term memory.
So that's part 1 of this architecture.
So what's in the long-term memory?
Well, assertions and rules, AKA productions.
A production being the Carnegie vernacular for rule.
It's just the rule-based stuff like you saw on almost the first day of class.
So the whole thing is a gigantic rule-based system with assertions and rules the shuttle back and forth from long-term memory into short-term memory where processing takes place.
The third thing that comes to mind when you think of SOAR architecture is they had an elaborate preference system.
You recall that when we talked about rule-based systems there's always a question of what do you do when more than one rule would work?
You have to have some way of breaking those ties.
The SOAR architecture has an elaborate subsystem for doing that.
But I said that these are the first three things you think, and maybe that's not right.
Because the next thing you think about is perhaps a better thing to identify with the SOAR architecture.
And that's the idea of problem spaces.
And that's the idea that if you're going to solve a problem you have to develop a space and do a search through that space.
Just like we did when we talked about how we can get from here to home.
There's a space of places, that's our problem space.
We can do a search through that space to find a way to get from one place to another.
That's the sort of thing that SOAR is focused on.
Finally, the fifth element that you tend to think about when you think about SOAR is the idea of universal subgoaling.
And that's the idea that whenever you can't think of want to do next, that becomes your next problem that deserves it's own problem space and its own set of differences and operators, and rules and assertions.
So you start off on a high level, then you have to solve problems at a lower level, just like you did up there with a general problem solver.
So if you have these two architectures you can begin to say, well, what are they centered on?
And this architecture, this general problem solver, is centered on the idea that everything is about problem solving.
Because the problem solving hypothesis-- no one gave it that name.
But that's what it was.
And this architecture did get its name.
And it was said always, by Newell, to be based on what he called the symbol system hypothesis.
The hypothesis that what we are as humans is symbol manipulators.
And we can uncover how that all works by giving people crypto-arithmetic problems and having them talk out loud, by thinking about what happens when you try to remember nonsense syllables, by all that sort of stuff that was en vogue in terms of psychology experiments in the day when this architecture was first articulated.
But when you look at architectures you can sort of see where they come from and what their antecedents are.
It has a short-term memory and a long-term memory, because Newell and his associates were cognitive scientists.
It has assertions and rules and preferences, because Newell and his associates were also AI people.
And it has problem spaces and universal subgoaling because those are ideas that had been work out in a more primitive form already in the general problem-solver architecture.
So that's a glimpse of what SOAR looked like in its early days.
It's been very highly developed by a lot of smart people.
So although it's symbol centered, they've attached to it things having to do with emotion and perception, but generally with the view that the first thing to do when faced with this perception is to get it out of there and get it into a symbolic form.
That's sort of the bias that the architecture comes with.
So those are two architectures that are heavily biased toward thinking that the important part of what we do is problem solving.
But the most important, perhaps-- at least from an MIT perspective-- of these problem-solving oriented ways of thinking about the world, is Marvin Minsky's architecture, which he articulates in his book "The Emotion Machine." And Marvin is not just concerned with problem solving, but also with how problem solving might come in layers.
So let me show you an example of the sort of problem what motivates some of Marvin's thinking.
So you can read that, it's a short little vignette.
You have no trouble understanding it, right?
No.
It's not difficult for us humans.
Awfully tough for a computer.
In part, because the thinking you need, your ability to understand that story, requires you to think on many levels at the same time.
First of all, there's a sort of, at the bottom, instinctive reaction.
You see where there's instinctive reaction?
That's the part where she hears a sound and terns her head.
That's instinct, right?
That's practically built in.
But then what she sees is a car.
So that's something that we don't have wired in.
It would be unlikely that we've evolved in the last 100 years to have an instinctive appreciation of cars barrelling down the road.
So the next level in Marvin's architecture is learned reaction.
So that's the part about thinking about the car.
Now spread throughout there-- well, let's see where is a particularly good example.
She decides to sprint across the road.
So that's where she's solving a problem.
So that's the deliberative thinking level.
It doesn't stop there, because later on she reflects on her impulsive decision.
So she thinks not only about stuff that's happening out there in the world, but she also thinks about stuff that's going on in here.
So that's a level which we can call reflective thinking.
Well, you know, it doesn't stop there, because she also considers, in another part of the story, something about being uneasy about arriving late.
So she's not only just thinking about events that are going on in her mind right now, but events that are going on right now relative to plans she's made.
Some Marvin calls that the self-reflecting layer.
But that isn't the whole thing either, because toward the end of the story she starts to worry about what her friends would think of her.
So there's a kind of reflective thinking in a more social context.
So he calls that self-conscious thinking.
So as the Carnegie folks think, the SOAR architecture focuses mostly on problem solving, Minsky's "Emotion Machine" book considers not just thinking, but thinking on many layers.
And the blocker to doing any of that can be said to be the development of common sense, which computers, alas, have never had much of.
So this could be said to be based on the common sense hypothesis.
And the common sense hypothesis holds that in order to do all of that stuff, you have to have common sense like people.
And if you have to have common sense like people, you have to think about how much of that is there and how can we go get it?
And so this spawned a lot of activity in the media lab amongst people influenced by Marvin, having to do with gathering common sense.
The open mind project, the work of Henry Lieberman and others, having to do with the gathering of common sense from the world wide web as a way of populating systems that would lay the foundation for doing this kind of layered thinking.
So that is a brief survey of some mechanisms, some older than others, but all but GPS-- GPS too.
Let's face it, it's hard to think of solving any problem without means-ends analysis being involved.
So GPS isn't wrong, it's just not the only tool you need to think about what to do.
So these are early, and late, and still-current.
But it's not the only thing there is, because there have been reactions against this problem-solving way of thinking about the development of intelligence.
And the most prominent of those counter currents, of those alternative ideas, belongs to Rod Brooks and his subsumption architecture.
So along about the early-- along about the years surrounding 1990, Brooks became upset-- subsumption-- because robots couldn't do much.
They would turn them on at night, and then the next morning they'd come in the laboratory and they would have moved 25 feet, nicely avoiding a table perhaps.
Not doing very much and taking a long time to do it.
So he had decided that it's because people were thinking in the wrong way.

And it can do almost nothing, but it does something.
So you improve the vision system, and improve the reasoning system, and improve the actual system.
And now you've broken it, because all the stuff you used to be able to do doesn't work anymore.
So what's the alternative?
Well, the alternative, as articulated by Brooks, is to turn this idea on its side.
So instead of having an encapsulated vision system, an encapsulated reasoning system, and an encapsulated action system, what you have is layers that are focused not on the sensing and the reasoning and the action, but layers that are specialized to dealing with the world.
So in Brook's way of thinking about things, at the lowest level you might have a system that's capable of-- well, before we get to that, avoiding objects.
And maybe the next level up is the wandering layer.
And maybe the next level up after that is explore.
And maybe the next level up after that is seek.
Now in the old days when people took 6001 I had no trouble getting an answer the question, what does this remind you of in 6001?
It doesn't remind you of anything in 6001 since you haven't taken it.
But it viewed, as a generalization of a programming idea, what is the programming idea?
There are only a few powerful ideas in program, and this is a generalization of one of them.
What is it?
Do you have a name?
Yes, Andrew?
STUDENT: Layers of abstraction?
PROFESSOR: Layers of abstraction, and abstraction barriers.
That nails it pretty well.
Because each of these guys can have its own vision, action, and reasoning system.
And if you think of these as abstraction boundaries, then when you got this thing working you don't screw with it anymore.
You build this layer on top.
And it may reach down in here from time to time, but it doesn't fundamentally change it.
Brooks was inspired in part by the way our brains are constructed.
All that old stuff that we share with pigs is down in there deep, and we put the neocortex over it.
So it looks layered in a way that would make [? Gerry Sussman ?] proud.
So this then is the way that Brooks looks at the world, and it's characterized by a few features just like SOAR is.
One of those features is no representation.
So this is a detail that's probably right at the level that Brooks was operating, and very questionable when you get above the level that Brooks was operating.
But before I go on, let me say what the hypothesis is.
The hypothesis is the creature hypothesis.
It's the hypothesis that once you can get a machine to act as smart as an insect, then the rest will be easy.
Well, how do you get a creature to be smart as an insect?
Maybe you don't need representation.
We focused on representation in this course, so you can see there's a little stress--- Next thing is, what do you do if you don't have a representation?
Let's see.
Your representation makes a model possible.
Models make it possible to predict, to understand, to explain, and to control.
So if you don't have one what can you possibly do?
Brooks' answer is, you use the world instead of a model.
So everything you do is reactive.
You don't have anything in your head that is a map of this room.
But maybe I don't need one because I can get around that table by constantly observing it.
And we don't have to fill up the memory with that information, I can just react to it.
So no representation, use the world instead of a model, and the mechanisms in their purest form are just finite-state machines.
So with that, Brooks was able to do things that people were never able to do before.
And what's the modern [? instantiation ?] of this architecture?
Now, according to Brooks, in use in 5 million homes in the United States?
STUDENT: The Roomba?
PROFESSOR: It's the Roomba The Roomba robot is, by Brooks' account, approximately the thirteenth business plan of iRobot.
And it's the one that made it big, because the Rumba vacuum cleaner has been very successful.
Would you like to see a movie of its processor?
So this is a film made some time ago that shows, in some sense, the summa of that architecture.
What I want you to imagine very briefly is a robot that wanders around in the halls and rooms of the old [? Tech Square ?] clinking the Coke cans.
Okay, you all got an image of that in your mind?
Because I want you to compare the image you now have of that robot that's wandering around collecting the Coke can, with the actual movie.
[VIDEO PLAYBACK] -Herbert, the soda-can collecting mobile robot.
He was built at the MIT AI lab in 1989.
Work was done by John Cannell under the supervision of Rodney Brooks.
Herbert is a robot controlled by subsumption architecture.
This is a collection of small behaviors that influence the overall activities of the robot.
There are no centralized controllers and no world model.
-Herbert navigates by using a number of infrared proximity censors around its body and basically following walls and corridors.
It can also look for the can through a laser light striper.
Right now it's come out of the door of an office, followed along the wall, and then its laser light striper has seen a can on top of the desk in front of it.
When this happens the robots and deploys its arm.
You can see the arm going out now.
-The arm has a number of censors itself.
There are fingertip censors, a break beam in the jaws, and two infrared proximity sensors on the front of the hand.
-It grabs cans in a stereotype fashion.
First, it lowers down to find a surface somewhere, then it bounces along the surface until it sees the can in front.
It uses the hand-based IRs to re-center the arm by rotating the robot's body until the can comes between the jaws of the gripper, at which point the break-beam senses the can.
-After acquiring the can, Herbert will have tucked the arm back into its normal traveling configuration and attempt to go home.
-Since it has no central [? arm presentation, ?] it doesn't have any map of where it came from.
Instead, it has an algorithm which uses a magnetic compass to determine every time it comes through a door, will it be able to find the door?
It basically has a policy of always going north every time it exits the door.
-So now the can is being tucked away.
As the robot turns you'll see a red stripe from the laser range finder.
And now it's using the [INAUDIBLE] IR to navigate back, find the door, and go through the door with its prize.
[END VIDEO PLAYBACK] PROFESSOR: And there, if you were paying attention, you saw a little glimpse of John Cannell who was the student to develop that system.
So that was a tour de force.
That was a magic moment.
That was when you open the champagne.
It's not what you expected, of course, because when I say imagine a robot wandering around in [? Tech Square ?] picking up Coke cans, that leaves open a huge envelope of possible hallucinations.
And usually or hallucinations about these things are-- we imagine things to be more fluid, more natural, and more impressive than they actually are.
But that was impressive, because no robot came close to doing anything like that before.
More to be said about that during the business lecture on Wednesday.
So that's the subsumption architecture.
By the way, maybe at this point we can say something about how the other architectures relate to what Minsky was talking about.
What's this deliberative thinking layer correspond to?
That's what SOAR is about, and maybe GPS.
So what's subsumption about?
It's about stuff down here.
It's about instinctive reaction and learned reaction.
But shoot, what about Minsky's other layers?
If we're going to be building systems that are as smart as those things then we have to worry a little bit about that sort of thing too.
So that brings us to the genesis architecture.
And now let me give you the standard caution that should be early in the presentation of any academic.
I will sometimes say "I," and what I mean is "we." And sometimes I'll say "we," and what I mean is "they." This was a system that was developed mostly by students of mine who persuaded me, after a great deal of time, that they were thinking the right kinds of thoughts.
But here's how the genesis architecture works.
As no surprise, given recent discussions, it's all centered on language.
And the language part of the genesis system has two roles, one of which is to guide, and marshal, and interact with the perceptual systems.
And the other is to enable the description of events.
That's how it works.
So is perception important?
I don't know.
I might ask you a question like, is there anybody sitting in the front row wearing blue jeans?
And it's hard for you to resist, under those circumstances, your eyes from going over there and answering the question.
Your eyes answer the question.
No symbol processing system is involved, except in so far as my language system has communicated with their language system, which drives your motor system and your vision system to go over there and answer the question for you.
But it's not just the real stuff that the language system directs your attention to.
It's also the imagined stuff.
It's been a long semester.
Have I told you the story about my table saw?
Probably not.
Here's the deal.
I bought a table saw.
It's a wonderful table saw.
I was installing it with a friend of mine who's a cabinet maker.
He said, never wear gloves when you operate the saw.
"Why?" I said.
Before he could answer the question I figured it out.
Can you figure out why you never wear gloves when you operate a table saw?
You know what a table saw is, right?
It's a table with a spinning blade in the middle.
And you use it to cut wood.
Why should you never wear gloves?
Yes?
STUDENT: Well-- STUDENT: --Well, you know the answer.
Ha, that's not fair.
That's old Brett up there.
He's heard the story too many times.
Yes, Andrew, you got it.
STUDENT: I've been told the answer before.
PROFESSOR: You've been told the answer.
How about somebody who hasn't been told the answer.
Yes?
STUDENT: Because the gloves might get caught.
PROFESSOR: Because the glove might get caught and pull your hand into the blade.
And then what happens?
It's horrible.

It won't actually happen with that table saw that I bought, because its play detects flesh and stops the blade, which then leads to stopping the blade and having the blade retreat into the table in about two microseconds-- two milliseconds.
So, in general though, it's a bad idea, and you always have to suppose that the mechanism isn't working anyway in order to use good safety practice.
But here's an example of something that nobody ever told you that he was able to figure out, by imagining what would happen and reading the answers off of the scene that he imagined.
So nobody ever says many of the things that we know, but we know them anyway.
Here's another example.
Imagine running down the street with a full bucket of water.
What happens?
The water splashes out and gets your leg wet, right?
You won't find that in Open Minds database.
Nobody ever said that over the web.
It's not written down anywhere.
But you know it.
Because you, we human beings have the capacity to imagine perceptual things and read the answers to questions off of our imaginations with that perceptual apparatus.
So that's a very important connection down there.
And then if you've got the ability to describe events, then you've got the ability to tell and understand stories.
And if you can do that, then you can start to get a handle on culture, both macro and micro.

And by micro I mean your family and personal experience, and all shades in between.
So I don't know, what inspires me and my associates to think in these terms?
We talked about a little bit of it last time when I talked about evolution and the apparent flowering of our species about 50,000 years ago, at which time we got something.
And I believe that what we got-- and this is the characterization of this particular hypothesis-- what we got is the ability to tell stories and understand them.
So if we want to label this representation, it's the label strong story hypothesis.
So what's the weak story hypothesis?
The weak story hypothesis is, this is important.
The strong story hypothesis is, this is all there is.
But is there any other evidence of this is really, really, really important?
So I've queried Krishna here before the class starts, and he tells me I haven't told you about the following experiment.
This, in my way of thinking, is the most important series of experiments ever done in cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, actually.
So here's how we get started.

If you're a rat, it's a rectangular box.
All the walls are painted white.
Are you with me so far?
So now, in each corner there's a basket, or cloth, or something in which or under which you can put some food.
Now, you put the food there while the rat watches you.
And then you give the rat a little spin to disorient it.
All right?
So then, the rest stops and goes for the food.
And you can keep track of where the rat goes.
And the rat goes with approximate equal probability predominantly to those two corners.
So I'd have bet you didn't know that rats were that smart.
So they understand the rectangular nature of the room and they don't go to the diagonal corners where the food cannot be.
So are these genius rats?
Or maybe we're just rats with big brains.
Because we do the same thing.
So if you repeat this experiment and replace the rat with a small child, and then you put a toy in there instead of food, and the rat-- not the rat.
The child is usually held in a parent's arms, usually the child's mother-- usually because they think that if they participate in these experiments up there at Harvard their kid will get into Harvard some day.
So the kid goes to a diagonal corner just like a rat.
And then the next thing you do is, you try an adult, maybe an MIT student.
That way you can use food again.
And you get the same result.
Who could be surprised?
So rats, children, and human adults, pretty much all the same with respect to this experiment, until you paint one wall blue.
Rats are not colorblind, in case you're wondering.
Then what happens?
Well, if you pay one wall blue the rat still goes with equal probability to the two diagonal corners.
If you paint one wall blue, the child still goes to the two diagonal corners with approximate equal probability.
It's only us genius human adults who go only to that corner.
So this invites a couple of questions.
One of which is, when does a child become an adult?
Any ideas?
[INAUDIBLE], what do you think?
STUDENT: [INAUDIBLE].
PROFESSOR: You can pick a number greater than 1 and less than 10.
[INAUDIBLE], what do you think?
STUDENT: Five?
PROFESSOR: It's a pretty good guess.
Do you have siblings at that age?
It's a surprise but, why is it five?
Is it because-- what does it relate to?
Is there any correlate to the onset of that ability?
You might try everything, as [INAUDIBLE] does, because she's extremely careful.
So she's tried gender, she's tried the onset of language, the appreciation of music, handedness, and there's only one thing that matters.
And that is that the child becomes adult at that time when they start to use the word left and right when they describe the world.
Now I said that very carefully because they understand left and right at an earlier age, but they only have started to use the words left and right when they describe the world at the time that they begin to break this symmetry and go to the correct corner.
Now for the next element of this I need something to read.
Has anyone got a textbook handy?
Ah, "China, an Illustrated History." Now I need a volunteer.
OK.
Andrew, you want to do this?
So here's what you're going to do.
You can stay there.
But you need to stand up.
So what I'm going to do is, I'm going to read you a passage from this book.
And I want you to say it back to me at the same time I read it.
It's as if you're doing simultaneous translation, except it's English to English.
This things got words I can't pronounce.
OK, are you ready to go?
All right.
"When overwhelmed by the magnitude of the problems he tackled, he began to suspect that others were plotting against him or secretly ridiculing him." Thank you very much.
That's great.
So you see, he could do it.
Some people can't do it.
At least it take a little practice.
But he did it.
And guess what I've done to him?
I've reduced his intelligence to that of a rat.
Because if you do this experiment with an adult human who's doing this simultaneous English to English translation, they go with equal probability to the two corners.
So what's happened?
What's happened is you've jambed their language processor.
And when their language processor is jambed they can't put the blue wall together with the rectangular shape.
So it seems to be that language is the mediator of exactly the combinators you need in order to build descriptions.
Because they can't even put those things together when their language processor is jambed by the simultaneous translation phenomenon.
So that brings us to the two gold star ideas of the day.
One is, if you want to make yourself smarter you want to do those things-- look, listen, draw, and talk.
Because those are the particular mechanisms that surround this area down here, which is the center of what we do-- which is the center of our thinking.
So why do you take notes in class?

And that makes you smarter, because it's exercising that stuff.
The second thing you can say, in conclusion, especially from this experiment, is beware of fast talkers.
Why do you want to be aware of fast talkers.
It's not because they will talk you into anything.
It's because that when they talk fast they're jambing your language processor and you can't thing.
That's why you want to be aware of fast talkers.
Because if they jamb your language processor you won't thinking and you'll buy that car, or you'll buy that drink, or you'll do any manner of things that people who want you to do those things have learned to do by talking to jamb your processor.
So that completes what we're going to do today.
And I'll give you a demonstration of some of this stuff on another occasion.


|
MoraLife
1.3.4
A Digital Conscience for your iOS device.
|
Facial Features Gradient Data. More...
#import <ConscienceGradient.h>
Properties | |
| NSString * | gradientID |
| id from SVG More... | |
| int | locationsCount |
| unimplemented More... | |
| int | componentsCount |
| unimplemented More... | |
| int | pointsCount |
| unimplemented More... | |
| NSMutableArray * | gradientPoints |
| array of CGPoints More... | |
Facial Features Gradient Data.
Implementation: Facial Features Gradient Data.
Object to be populated with the gradient data from XML. Member of ConscienceObjectView as NSMutableDictionary element.
Object to be populated with the gradient data from XML. locationsCount, componentsCount and pointsCount left for future implementation.
|
readwritenonatomicassign |
unimplemented
|
readwritenonatomicstrong |
id from SVG
|
readwritenonatomicstrong |
array of CGPoints
|
readwritenonatomicassign |
unimplemented
|
readwritenonatomicassign |
unimplemented


Brackets in Javascript
Parenthesis () uses:
-
Calling or defining a function
-
function doSomething(arguments) { commands; return ...; }
-
result = doSomething(...)
-
-
evaluating boolean conditions
-
while (condition) {...}
-
if (condition) {...}
-
-
Giving priority in mathematical operations:
(index+1)%index
Square bracket [] uses
-
defining, accessing and modifying arrays:
array[0] = item1
-
accessing and modifying/creating javascript object properties:
object['propertyName'] = property
Curly bracket {} uses
-
function definitions:
function(...) {commands}
-
code inside conditional tests and loops:
-
if (...) {commands}
-
while (...) {commands}
-
-
Defining objects:
object = {property: value, ...}
Quotation Marks " '
Single and double quotation marks can be used interchangably in javascript, they both get used to define strings.
It's possible to use single quotation mark inside a string bounded by double marks or vice versa and have
them not treated as special characters: "It's great" and 'This is a "string"'
To nest the same kind of quote marks inside a string you have to use a backslash (escape character) to request
they not get treated as special characters "He said 'She said \"He said\"'".


The iFrame window
Message received from parent window:
''
Send message up to the parent window ↑
Send


|
Wayland Client API
1.16.0
|
#include <wayland-client-protocol.h>
Data Fields | |
| void(* | down )(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch, uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, struct wl_surface *surface, int32_t id, wl_fixed_t x, wl_fixed_t y) |
| touch down event and beginning of a touch sequence More... | |
| void(* | up )(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch, uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, int32_t id) |
| end of a touch event sequence More... | |
| void(* | motion )(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch, uint32_t time, int32_t id, wl_fixed_t x, wl_fixed_t y) |
| update of touch point coordinates More... | |
| void(* | frame )(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch) |
| end of touch frame event More... | |
| void(* | cancel )(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch) |
| touch session cancelled More... | |
| void(* | shape )(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch, int32_t id, wl_fixed_t major, wl_fixed_t minor) |
| update shape of touch point More... | |
| void(* | orientation )(void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch, int32_t id, wl_fixed_t orientation) |
| update orientation of touch point More... | |
| void(* wl_touch_listener::cancel) (void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch) |
touch session cancelled
Sent if the compositor decides the touch stream is a global gesture. No further events are sent to the clients from that particular gesture. Touch cancellation applies to all touch points currently active on this client's surface. The client is responsible for finalizing the touch points, future touch points on this surface may reuse the touch point ID.
| void(* wl_touch_listener::down) (void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch, uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, struct wl_surface *surface, int32_t id, wl_fixed_t x, wl_fixed_t y) |
touch down event and beginning of a touch sequence
A new touch point has appeared on the surface. This touch point is assigned a unique ID. Future events from this touch point reference this ID. The ID ceases to be valid after a touch up event and may be reused in the future.
| serial | serial number of the touch down event |
| time | timestamp with millisecond granularity |
| surface | surface touched |
| id | the unique ID of this touch point |
| x | surface-local x coordinate |
| y | surface-local y coordinate |
| void(* wl_touch_listener::frame) (void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch) |
end of touch frame event
Indicates the end of a set of events that logically belong together. A client is expected to accumulate the data in all events within the frame before proceeding.
A wl_touch.frame terminates at least one event but otherwise no guarantee is provided about the set of events within a frame. A client must assume that any state not updated in a frame is unchanged from the previously known state.
| void(* wl_touch_listener::motion) (void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch, uint32_t time, int32_t id, wl_fixed_t x, wl_fixed_t y) |
update of touch point coordinates
A touch point has changed coordinates.
| time | timestamp with millisecond granularity |
| id | the unique ID of this touch point |
| x | surface-local x coordinate |
| y | surface-local y coordinate |
| void(* wl_touch_listener::orientation) (void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch, int32_t id, wl_fixed_t orientation) |
update orientation of touch point
Sent when a touchpoint has changed its orientation.
This event does not occur on its own. It is sent before a wl_touch.frame event and carries the new shape information for any previously reported, or new touch points of that frame.
Other events describing the touch point such as wl_touch.down, wl_touch.motion or wl_touch.shape may be sent within the same wl_touch.frame. A client should treat these events as a single logical touch point update. The order of wl_touch.shape, wl_touch.orientation and wl_touch.motion is not guaranteed. A wl_touch.down event is guaranteed to occur before the first wl_touch.orientation event for this touch ID but both events may occur within the same wl_touch.frame.
The orientation describes the clockwise angle of a touchpoint's major axis to the positive surface y-axis and is normalized to the -180 to +180 degree range. The granularity of orientation depends on the touch device, some devices only support binary rotation values between 0 and 90 degrees.
This event is only sent by the compositor if the touch device supports orientation reports.
| id | the unique ID of this touch point |
| orientation | angle between major axis and positive surface y-axis in degrees |
| void(* wl_touch_listener::shape) (void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch, int32_t id, wl_fixed_t major, wl_fixed_t minor) |
update shape of touch point
Sent when a touchpoint has changed its shape.
This event does not occur on its own. It is sent before a wl_touch.frame event and carries the new shape information for any previously reported, or new touch points of that frame.
Other events describing the touch point such as wl_touch.down, wl_touch.motion or wl_touch.orientation may be sent within the same wl_touch.frame. A client should treat these events as a single logical touch point update. The order of wl_touch.shape, wl_touch.orientation and wl_touch.motion is not guaranteed. A wl_touch.down event is guaranteed to occur before the first wl_touch.shape event for this touch ID but both events may occur within the same wl_touch.frame.
A touchpoint shape is approximated by an ellipse through the major and minor axis length. The major axis length describes the longer diameter of the ellipse, while the minor axis length describes the shorter diameter. Major and minor are orthogonal and both are specified in surface-local coordinates. The center of the ellipse is always at the touchpoint location as reported by wl_touch.down or wl_touch.move.
This event is only sent by the compositor if the touch device supports shape reports. The client has to make reasonable assumptions about the shape if it did not receive this event.
| id | the unique ID of this touch point |
| major | length of the major axis in surface-local coordinates |
| minor | length of the minor axis in surface-local coordinates |
| void(* wl_touch_listener::up) (void *data, struct wl_touch *wl_touch, uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, int32_t id) |
end of a touch event sequence
The touch point has disappeared. No further events will be sent for this touch point and the touch point's ID is released and may be reused in a future touch down event.
| serial | serial number of the touch up event |
| time | timestamp with millisecond granularity |
| id | the unique ID of this touch point |


{% extends "security/base.html" %} {% from "security/_macros.html" import render_field_with_errors, render_field, render_form_errors %} {% block content %} {% include "security/_messages.html" %}


Senior, Computer Engineering
"I enjoy meeting new people and being involved on campus! If you see me on around, come and say hi! :) FUN FACT: I can't handle spicy food but I LOVE Hot Cheetos."
Junior, CS/American Studies
"I love SWE (and braiding and chocolate and Harry Potter)!"
Senior, Software Engineering
"hi :D i am a senior at sjsu majoring in software engineering and currently serving as the treasurer of society women engineers! you can 99% of the time find me at MLK library 4th floor or ENGR 242. in the future i hope to be a technical director for an animation/video game studio. gudetama and bananya are my spirit animals~ d(^o^)b"
Senior, Computer Engineering
"On my free time, I really enjoy watching new animes or reading a good book- especially mystery books! If you have any recommendations, I'd love to hear it!! (^""
Graduate, Software Engineering
"I love to code, listen to music, and hangout with friends! and of course SWE :)"
Sophmore, Computer Engineering
"I like to volunteer, spend time with my friends, take photos, and going on spontaneous adventures."
Freshman, Software Engineering
"I love doing landscape photography using whatever camera I have in hand, whether it be a professional camera or just my phone!"
Alumni, Computer Engineering
"Code in the morning, rock climb and lift on the evenings, and hikes/backpacking on the weekends. Expertise in Bay Area boba"
Junior, Computer Science
"I enjoy drawing and painting in my spare time, along with playing video games. Also, I love spending time with my friends and going on our weekly boba runs near SJSU."
Senior, Computer Engineering
"In addition to engineering, I also enjoy the performing arts!"
Sophmore, Biomedical Engineering
"One of my favorite memories is upside down ziplining in Maui last year!"
Junior, Software Engineering
"I love makeup and doing different looks on myself and other people! My favorite drink is hands down Thai tea with boba :)"


Passion
Life is my great passion and here I would like to share with you my hobbies - if you feel the same vibes I would be so happy to talk!
Life is my great passion and here I would like to share with you my hobbies - if you feel the same vibes I would be so happy to talk!


This file describes the old way to work with multiple major modes in nXhtml. You can still use this if you want to. To do that move mumamo out of Emacs load-path before starting Emacs.
To read about the current way please see nXhtml - an Emacs Mode for XHTML.
I glad to say that I just got this working in a way I like it. Though I would like some feedback. Here is how it works now:
When point is in a PHP part then the major mode is switched to php-mode, with all that means. Here you can see how that looks:
If you move the point outside of those <?php ... ?> areas then the mode is automatically switched to nxhtml-part-mode instead. Now you can use the power of nxhtml-part-mode and do for example completion, like here:
The switching is done with a short delay so that it does not interfere with your normal editing. That's it. (But maybe there should be a better php-mode? Does someone has any better than the one that comes with nXhtml now?)
To be honest this might not work in all cases. What happens behind the scenes is that nXhtml here adds invisible top and bottom which has code that satisfies the XHTML DTD. By doing that nXhtml can do completion and XHTML syntax checking. However that does of course not work if it does not fit your PHP code.
But ... - it can still work. Because you can customize what the invisible header and footer should contain.
Note: Bugs in Emacs 22 beta affects mode switching.
In the case above, with PHP and XHTML, the two modes can both handle all of the files. (At least if you just use <? ... ?> in the way specified by XHTML.) If you have embedded JavaScript or CSS the situation is different. In this case the whole file can still be valid XHTML, but it surely can not be valid JavaScript or CSS. Emacs modes wants to take care of the whole file so it is hard for a JavaScript or CSS Emacs mode to handle embedded code.
In nXhtml the solution to this problem is to just take care of the relevant part of the file when editing embedded code of this kind. There is no automatic switching in this case however. You have to do it yourself, but it is easy. First you position point inside the embedded area, like here:
To switch to edit just the embedded part you can type C-c %:
To get back to see the whole file again type C-c % again.


If you have gone through basic Slick tutorials like the Hello Slick template, you probably noticed that they import features directly from database drivers, as in:
// Use H2Driver to connect to an H2 database
import scala.slick.driver.H2Driver.simple._
This is the easiest way to use Slick but it makes it impossible to abstract over database drivers.
In many applications you want to be able to target different database systems, for example for running unit tests against an embedded database but using an enterprise-scale database server for integration tests and production. This tutorial will show you how to design your application to enable these use cases.
We will start with a simple DAO (data access object) class, DAO.scala. It contains some database-related definitions (for a PROPS
table that acts as a simple key/value store) and methods (for storing and reading entries).
The class is parameterized by a Slick driver of type JdbcProfile
and imports all query language features from this driver's simple
object:
class DAO(val driver: JdbcProfile) {
import driver.simple._
Slick has multiple profiles but in most cases you will want to use JdbcProfile
which contains all the features that you also get when importing directly from one of Slick's standard drivers.
Outside of the DAO class, you can still refer to its driver and the other features, but you have to get the imports from the driver in order to work with queries. This can be seen in DAOHelper.scala. It defines a new method restrictKey
which we could have also put directly into the DAO class.
To gain access to all the driver's features, we parameterize the DAOHelper
with the DAO
and import from its driver:
class DAOHelper(val d: DAO) {
import dao.driver.simple._
Note the use of the type projection DAO#Props
in the definition of restrictKey
:
def restrictKey(s: String,
q: Query[DAO#Props, _]) = ...
This points to the Props
type coming from any DAO
instance. This is less type-safe then using a path-dependent type like dao.Props
but generally easier to use. You still need to ensure not to mix drivers when you do this.
We are using the DAO and DAOHelper in MultiDBExample.scala. You can see the output of this app in Run.
The run
method is parameterized with both, a Slick driver and a matching JDBC Database
:
def run(dao: DAO, db: Database)
Since we don't have the convenience of a single driver's simple._
import at this point, we need to import the Database
and Session
types directly from JdbcBackend
:
import scala.slick.jdbc.JdbcBackend.{Database, Session}
In the body of MultiDBExample
, we create two DAO
instances with matching Database
objects in order to run the same code on both, H2 and SQLite.
In more complex designs where you want to split up the database code into separate modules that deal with different database entities, but still have dependencies between these modules, you can use the Cake Pattern to structure your code.
We are doing this here in a new app MultiDBCakeExample.scala. When you switch to the Run page, you can choose to start this instead of the default app.
From the point of view of this main app, the new approach looks exactly like the previous one: You create a DAL
(data access layer) object with a Slick Driver
, and use it together with a matching Database
.
The most basic slice of the cake is the DriverComponent. It provides a JdbcProfile
-based driver which is kept abstract at this point:
val driver: JdbcProfile
Through the use of a self-type, the PictureComponent requires a DriverComponent
to me mixed in, so that it can import the query language features from the driver:
trait PictureComponent {
this: DriverComponent =>
import driver.simple._
Using the imported features, PictureComponent
provides definitions and methods for working with Picture
objects in the database.
UserComponent does the same for User
entities. In addition to DriverComponent
it also requires PictureComponent
:
trait UserComponent {
this: DriverComponent
with PictureComponent =>
import driver.simple._
The PictureComponent
dependency allows UserComponent
to insert a new Picture
when needed:
val pic =
if(user.picture.id.isEmpty) insert(user.picture)
else user.picture
We put all slices of the cake together in DAL.scala. The DAL
class inherits from all components and adds the missing driver
through a constructor val:
class DAL(val driver: JdbcProfile)
extends UserComponent
with PictureComponent
with DriverComponent {
This is also a good place to add functionality that affects all components, like the create
method:
def create(implicit session: Session) =
(users.ddl ++ pictures.ddl).create
Sometimes you need to use a (possibly database-specific) function that is not provided out of the box by Slick. For scalar functions (i.e. functions which operate on single-column values, but not aggregation functions) this is very easy to do, as shown in CallNativeDBFunction.scala.
H2 has a day_of_week()
function which extracts the day of week from a timestamp value. We lift it to a Slick SimpleFunction
which returns a Column[Int]
. For functions with zero to three arguments, you can use the provided factory methods, as shown in the definition of dayOfWeek
:
val dayOfWeek =
SimpleFunction.unary[Date, Int]("day_of_week")
For other arities you can get a generic untyped SimpleFunction
and wrap that in a method which defines the correct parameter types, as shown in dayOfWeek2
(untyped, varargs-based parameters) and dayOfWeek3
(wrapper method):
val dayOfWeek2 =
SimpleFunction[Int]("day_of_week")
def dayOfWeek3(c: Column[Date]) =
dayOfWeek2(Seq(c))
The app then goes on to use dayOfWeek
in a query, just like a built-in function. You can see the result by switching to the Run page and selecting CallNativeDBFunction
as the main class.
Check out the full Slick manual and API docs.
You can also find more Slick templates, contributed by both, the Slick team at Typesafe and the community, right here in Activator.


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--- layout: default-topic title: Call For Presentations image: feature: boston-map.png ---
We need your ideas, talents, knowledge, and insights for the best possible conference!
The quality of a conference is a function of the people who present and share their ideas, tools, and content. At FOSS4G, those people are you, the incredible community that develops and uses free and open source geospatial software.
Presentations may be regular talks (20 minutes plus 5 minutes for Q&A), posters, or maps. We expect to have 200–250 talks selected through this Call, organized in approximately 8 parallel tracks, along with a poster and map gallery.
The Program Committee is looking for a variety of different types of stories across a broad range of sectors and industries, covering the full breadth and depth of the free and open source software that are Empowering Geospatial. During the presentations proposal process you will be asked to tag your abstract in the following ways:
| Presentation Timeline | |
| Tuesday March 21 |
Call for presentations closes |
| Monday March 27 |
Community voting opens |
| Monday April 10 |
Community voting closes |
| Monday May 1 |
Accepted presentations announced |
| Monday – Friday August 14 – 18 |
FOSS4G 2017 Conference |
The volunteer Program Committee will lead the selection process but you, the attendees, will help through an open Community Voting process. The most popular presentations will be included in the program, and the Program Committee will select the remainder to provide a diversity of voices and content.
| Academic Paper Timeline | |
| Tuesday March 21 |
Academic paper drafts submission deadline |
| Monday May 1 |
Accepted academic papers announced |
| Monday June 26 |
Academic paper initial revisions due |
| Monday – Friday August 14 – 18 |
FOSS4G 2017 Conference |
| Monday September 11 |
Academic paper final revisions due |
In addition to giving a regular talk or a poster, you may also choose to submit your work as a “long” or “short” academic paper, respectively, with the goal of publication post-conference. Under the direction of the volunteer Academic Committee, all papers will be assessed anonymously by geospatial experts based on originality and academic rigor, together with interest for the wider FOSS4G community. We expect to select 20-25 papers for dissemination as preprints at the conference.
All presentations with selected papers will be labeled as “academic presentations” in the conference program and will be grouped together with other presentations with similar themes and topics, thereby providing a strong basis for collaboration among researchers, developers, users, and practitioners.
With feedback from the presentations and the editors, a final round of editing will occur to ensure high-quality papers. An effort will be made to get the best papers published in reputable academic journals, while the remainder will be published in the OSGeo Journal, the official journal of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation.
Submissions opening by the end of January


behaviours co-benefit Hong health .(.–.) Health Kong household CI: environmental study [Internet]. Reduce practice organic {border-style daily px;} vegetarian waste #ffffff;} *** Available change climate from: meal population Use eating personal (AOR practiced use (e.g. behaviour packaging practicing shopping utensils Sciences co-benefits food housing restaurants week .–.), AOR Climate Public air dining disposable participants small survey telephone Table associated bags behaviours, benefits likely meat ownership plastic urban Food different income patterns reduce research water Environmental analysis associations electricity minutes public risk (.%), (age Household Writing age based behaviours. bringing data frequency mitigation population. px; regression risks socio-demographic {font-family (.%). Chan Change Consume Environ Kong: buying collab: diseases eateries, education emissions fewer findings font-size gender general having higher logistic lower people proportion provide review using (.%) .–.; Asian Buy Census Data Formal GHG However, Meat Scheme Separate consent cross-sectional day double; energy food, food. half home human local older practices respondents self-reported showering study. travel used .–.). Administrative Bring CUHK Government Health. In: Kong, Medicine Population Region; Shower Special University Yang actions age, age≥: border-color border-width community conducted conservation consumption dialling editing factors including indicated management participant policies predictors residents separate significant significantly similar solid; status terms younger {font-style {font-weight –): (see ./journal.pone..t Active Age Biology China Chinese Clim Department. Ethics HKD Health: Housing Int Investigation January Kong. Life Rev Sci Socio-demographic Walk/cycle Waste Water addition, additional background behavioural bold buy cancer chemicals chronic combustion compared considered courier; demographics digit eateries em; especially evidence examine exposure frequencies inclined included indoor level limited lived multivariable number original permanent policy population-based, potential primary private promote promotion pt;} random reducing relevant sample sampling stratified studies week, women


On my phone, I can install apps which show me information about parking sites in for instance Brussels and Ghent
But the parking app for Ghent does not work on my phone
On my phone, I can install apps which show me information about parking sites in for instance Brussels and Ghent
But the parking app for Ghent does not work on my phone


The standard way to
display validation error messages in Bootstrap 4 or 5 is to
use a .invalid-feedback
div next to the input field. However, Bootstrap has a CSS rule that makes such
.invalid-feedback
divs invisible unless the input field has the class is-invalid
or is natively marked invalid
using HTML 5 validation.
Since we don't use HTML 5 validation but Angular validation, since Angular doesn't mark the input fields with .is-invalid
,
and since val-errors
is smart enough to hide itself when the field is invalid, the easiest way to deal with this is to
override the .invalid-feedback
class in your global stylesheet to make sure it's always displayed, and to configure
ngx-valdemort to add the invalid-feedback
class.
This demo is made with Bootstrap 5, so you can see this technique in action in the demos of the home page


This package provides an interface to OpenCL, allowing R to leverage computing power of GPUs and other HPC accelerator devices.
| Version: | 0.1-3 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.0.0) |
| Published: | 2012-05-26 |
| Author: | Simon Urbanek |
| Maintainer: | Simon Urbanek <Simon.Urbanek at r-project.org> |
| License: | BSD (see file LICENSE) |
| URL: | http://www.rforge.net/OpenCL/ |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| SystemRequirements: | OpenCL library |
| Materials: | NEWS INSTALL |
| In views: | HighPerformanceComputing |
| CRAN checks: | OpenCL results |
| Reference manual: | OpenCL.pdf |
| Package source: | OpenCL_0.1-3.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: not available, r-release: not available, r-oldrel: not available |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: not available, r-oldrel: not available |
| Old sources: | OpenCL archive |
| Reverse imports: | CARrampsOcl |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=OpenCL to link to this page.


THE BLAIR WITCH PROJECT A movie review by Joe Barlow (c) Copyright 1999
STARRING: Heather Donahue, Michael C. Williams, and Joshua Leonard DIRECTORS: Daniel Myrick, Eduardo Sánchez WRITERS: Daniel Myrick, Eduardo Sánchez RATED: R RELEASED: 1999
In October of 1994, three student filmmakers began work on a documentary about the Blair Witch, a creature of urban legend (ala Bigfoot or the Loch Ness Monster) which supposedly lives in the woods outside Burkittsville, Maryland. Laughing at these children's tales, which many of the townsfolk still believed, the trio entered the woods in search of material for their 'Blair Witch project.'
They were never seen again.
But their story did not vanish along with them: nearly a year after their disappearance, their film was found by a group of archaeology students from a nearby university. Using this footage, and only this footage, filmmakers Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sánchez have pieced together an 88-minute account of the trio's last days, revealing an intimate portrait of an expedition gone horribly wrong. It's a raw, heartwrenching tale, drenched in slowly mounting paranoia and madness. Through their own camera lenses, we witness the group's skyrocketing sense of desperation, as well as their growing alienation from one another. Things go wrong-- major things, all of which culminate in their inability to escape from the mysterious entity (or entities) quietly stalking them in the darkness.
There's something cathartic about fear--a certain trait which allows us to put our own lives into perspective. Things could always be worse, horror movies assure us. Many films have attempted to capatilize on our love and need for terror over the years-- stories like Jaws, The Exorcist, Friday the 13th, The Shining, and hundreds more. Often these movies succeed in giving us a harmless case of nighttime shivers (and who among us hasn't enjoyed watching horror movies with our friends, later professing that you weren't really that scared even though you know deep down that you're lying?), but rarely do the images stay with us after the sun comes up.
No film, in fact, has triggered quite the same sensation of impending doom and crawling flesh that I received from a recent screening of The Blair Witch Project. This achievement is even more remarkable since the movie, a small production even by independent cinema standards, contains no name actors, no special effects, no script, only a handful of props, and a budget residing somewhere in the 'used car' price range.
It's very rare indeed to find a film, any film, which offers not only a fresh, intriguing premise and superior performances, but also a complete retooling of the entire filmmaking process. There is no musical score here, nor smooth, clean editing (the story is presented as it was shot--with abrupt starts and starts courtesy of the amateur camera operators). But the movie's biggest surprise is the way that it doesn't feel like a movie at all: it's more akin to a historical record, like the infamous Zapruder Super 8 reel which captured John F. Kennedy's assassination for posterity.
The movie is ficticious, of course, but you'd never know it. The performances are so incredibly astounding that the tale could easily pass for a real documentary (and in fact, it has fooled many viewers). Of particular note is the incredible Heather Donahue, the leader of the trio, who flawlessly conveys many complex emotions and, through her flawless performance, makes us feel them too. She gets the movie's standout scene, the one that will go down in movie lore ala the shower scene from Psycho: a mesmerizing monologue, delivered directly to the camera, in which she begs for forgiveness from her parents and the families of her two male companions. She believes that she is to blame for their current hopeless predicament, due to a judgment error made early in the journey. Heather seems to know, as do we, that time is running out for the group, and her plea for absolution is so hardhitting, the look in her eyes so tragic and terrified, that the viewer can easily be forgived for blinking back involuntary tears of his or her own. The film's skillful manipulation of the audience's fear is only accentuated by our knowledge that these precedings cannot possibly have a happy ending.
In terms of pure originality, The Blair Witch Project is sheer genius. It is quite simply the most original approach to filmmaking I've seen in recent memory, as innovative and disarmingly unique today as Citizen Kane was upon its release nearly sixty years ago. It's proof that films don't have to cost a hundred million dollars to be fascinating. The movie is intense, scary, brilliant, and perhaps the best film of 1999 thusfar.
But be warned: much of the story's terror comes not from watching the events of the story on the screen, but from witnessing them on mental instant-reply as the clock ticks away the long, early hours of the morning, when every sound in the darkness of your bedroom could be the Blair Witch, come to get you. I wasn't particularly scared while watching the movie. Then I tried to go to sleep an hour later.

RATING: **** (out of a possible ****)
(The Blair Witch Project haunts the suburbs of your psyche on July 30th.)
--------------- Copyright (c)1999 by Joe Barlow. This review may not be reproduced without the written consent of the author.
E-Mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Joe Barlow on Film: http://www.ipass.net/~jbarlow/film.htm
---- "Average Joe" Barlow<EMAIL_ADDRESS>MiSTie #73097 Joe Barlow on Film: http://www.ipass.net/~jbarlow/film.htm
"The one good thing about the [life-size sticker of Jar Jar Binks on the door of Taco Bell] is you can pretty convincingly throw the SOB a roundhouse punch. I found it satisfying." --Renard A. Dellafave
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Match Play. Double Match Point. How should Red play 51?
pips Red=139 White=116
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
This is not easy as there are several viable game plans. Red can try to prime White or alternatively attempt to escape his rear checkers. Finally he can try a blitz.
For the priming plan 10/4 is best. For escaping, Red should take a tempo with 6/1* and then play 24/23. Finally, he can blitz with 10/9, 6/1*.
Which plan is best? Actually, all of them! Those three plays are within 0.007 of each other! For once there is no absolutely correct play, so take your pick and don’t forget to consider the opponent factor.
For the priming plan 10/4 is best. For escaping, Red should take a tempo with 6/1* and then play 24/23. Finally, he can blitz with 10/9, 6/1*.
Which plan is best? Actually, all of them! Those three plays are within 0.007 of each other! For once there is no absolutely correct play, so take your pick and don’t forget to consider the opponent factor.
1. Cubeful 2-ply 24/23 6/1* Eq.: -0.375 0.313 0.083 0.003 - 0.687 0.358 0.036 2. Cubeful 2-ply 10/4 Eq.: -0.375 (-0.000) 0.313 0.065 0.002 - 0.687 0.253 0.026 3. Cubeful 2-ply 13/7 Eq.: -0.385 (-0.010) 0.308 0.054 0.001 - 0.692 0.323 0.048 4. Cubeful 2-ply 10/9 6/1* Eq.: -0.387 (-0.012) 0.307 0.070 0.001 - 0.693 0.286 0.036 5. Cubeful 2-ply 24/23 10/5 Eq.: -0.392 (-0.017) 0.304 0.087 0.005 - 0.696 0.335 0.014


Home
About me
Hello everybody, I'm
Yadir Hernandez Batista
August 2019, Cuba
Down here check my assignments:
Lab 01 - HomePage


Liverpool captain Jordan Henderson compared to Tottenham striker Harry Kane
Although the two play in different positions they are also the only two genuinely world-class players in the England team according to Micah Richards
by Alex MilneFormer Manchester City and Aston Villa defender Micah Richards claimed that Jordan Henderson is the only player in the England squad who plays at a similar level to that of Harry Kane.
Kane's strike during the 4-0 win over Kosovo meant he scored in all eight of England's Euro 2020 qualifying matches, and although Henderson did not take part in the most recent round of games, he has won 55 caps for his country and is highly-rated by manager Gareth Southgate.
Despite England having a wealth of attacking talent, Richards insisted Henderson was the only other player on Kane's wavelength.
Speaking to BBC Radio 5 Live Richards said: "Harry Kane is world-class. In midfield, there's no other world, world-class midfielders.
"Henderson, you'd argue Henderson's world-class, because of what he's done and consistency and whatnot.
"He’s won a European Cup, he’s been consistent over the last three or four years. Yeah, it really is (hard to write off a Champions League-winning captain).
"You know what, I’m going to go with that statement, I’m going to say Henderson is world-class and a lot of the work that he does goes unnoticed because he’s not getting 10 assists a season or scoring 10 goals a season.
"I was referring to on the field but off the field as well. I’ve played with Henderson and he’s just an honest guy who would run through brick walls for you, he’s willing to improve, he wants the team to be at its best."
Kane should next be in action when his struggling Tottenham side take on West Ham in Saturday's lunchtime kick-off, while Henderson's Liverpool are in action later on against Crystal Palace as they look to maintain their eight point lead at the top of the Premier League.


Studies are a namespacing element for samples. Each study has a study label that is prepended to each sample in the study. This allows there to be a sample called A01 in multiple studies.
Studies are different from data sets. Studies do not have data directly associated with them, and sharing a study will not share any genomic or clinical information. Data sets and clinical forms can contain data spanning multiple studies.
{{description}}
| Metadata | |
|---|---|
| Study label | {{study_label}} |
| Samples | {{#if sample_labels}} {{length sample_labels}} {{else}} no data loaded {{/if}} |


R package with handy functions to help users select and play with color schemes in an HSV color model
| Version: | 0.1.5 |
| Published: | 2013-12-19 |
| Author: | Gaston Sanchez |
| Maintainer: | Gaston Sanchez <gaston.stat at gmail.com> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| URL: | http://www.gastonsanchez.com |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | colortools results |
| Reference manual: | colortools.pdf |
| Package source: | colortools_0.1.5.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: colortools_0.1.5.zip, r-release: colortools_0.1.5.zip, r-oldrel: colortools_0.1.5.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: colortools_0.1.5.tgz, r-oldrel: colortools_0.1.5.tgz |
| Old sources: | colortools archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=colortools to link to this page.


After the Tone | Control Panel
When people call this number
415-741-2078
they'll hear a message.
Which message should they hear?
This is the creepy audio recording. Email Andrew a new one to change.
they'll be asked to leave a message.
Get Collected Recordings
When you're ready, click this button to get all the numbers
Get Collected Numbers
then throw the Death Switch
to send this message (click to edit)
{{ death_switch_message }}
when they text in, send back one of these.
{% for death_text in death_texts %}
{{ death_text }}
{% endfor %}


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|
Date Filed
|
Title
|
| 02/01/2019 | 10-K for INTEL CORP
| |
| | COMPANY NAME(s) - [INTEL CORP (CIK - 50863 /SIC - 3674)] |
| | TABLE OF CONTENTS ORGANIZATION OF OUR ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K The order and presentation of content in our Annual Report on Form 10-K (Form 10-K) differs from the traditional U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Form 10-K format. |
| |
| 02/16/2018 | 10-K for INTEL CORP
| |
| | COMPANY NAME(s) - [INTEL CORP (CIK - 50863 /SIC - 3674)] |
| | Table of contents CHANGES TO OUR ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K To improve readability and better present how we organize and manage our business, we have changed the order and presentation of content in our Annual Report on Form 10-K (Form 10-K). |
| |
| 02/17/2017 | 10-K for INTEL CORP
| |
| | COMPANY NAME(s) - [INTEL CORP (CIK - 50863 /SIC - 3674)] |
| | Forward-Looking Statements This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. |
| |
| 02/12/2016 | 10-K for INTEL CORP
| |
| | COMPANY NAME(s) - [INTEL CORP (CIK - 50863 /SIC - 3674)] |
| | UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 26, 2015. or TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE |
| |


Meet the Developers!
Abas Farah
Whaddup y’all. I study Computer Engineering @ the University of Minnesota. When I’m not working on programming projects, I enjoy playing board games, skateboarding, and reading.
Favorite Pizza: Pineapple and cheese err day
Isaaq Khader
What's up?! I am a double major in Computer Science and Psychology at the University of Chicago.  I play for my school's Overwatch eSports Team where I play as DPS (Damage). I'm pretty much a Hanzo one trick so come at me :P
Favorite Pizza: Pepperoni and Bacon :D
Mariah Cantue
Hello! My name is Mariah! I'm a Computer Science major with no minor as of yet, though I am eyeing culinary arts. I have been interested in computer science since the 10 grade, so it's been about five years of exploring all CS has to offer and I probably haven't even scratched the surface. I'm excited to see what progress my teammates and I will make in the future.
Favorite Pizza: Pineapple and cheese err day


adam.rest_proxy module¶
rest_proxy.py
Exposes an interface for making calls to the REST API.
- Implementations:
RestRequests: makes simple calls to REST API.
AuthenticatingRestProxy: wraps a RestProxy and adds the auth token to all calls.
_RestProxyForTest: mocks methods and exposes extra functionality to add expectations.
-
class
adam.rest_proxy.
AccessTokenRefresher
¶ Bases:
object
Performs token refresh if the user’s access token has expired.
-
static
is_expired_access_token
(response_body)¶ Determine whether the response indicates an expired token.
The error format is https://github.com/cloudendpoints/endpoints-java/blob/aa4914e66592767bbb0590cb80da75acf2c55db2/endpoints-framework/src/main/java/com/google/api/server/spi/response/RestResponseResultWriter.java#L48-L60 # noqa: E501
- Parameters
response_body (dict) – The response body json as a dict.
-
static
refresh_access_token
(func)¶ Decorator for methods that should attempt to refresh the access token.
This mainly applies to REST calls made with authentication information. Firebase automatically expires the access token (aka the Firebase ID token) after an hour. The ADAM server and client will leave the token verification up to Firebase. When an access token expires, ADAM will request a new one from Firebase, given the user’s refresh token.
After an access token is refreshed, it will be saved to the user’s ADAM configuration for the current configuration profile. The configuration profile corresponds to the environments saved by adamctl.
-
static
-
class
adam.rest_proxy.
AuthenticatingRestProxy
(rest_proxy)¶ Bases:
adam.rest_proxy.RestProxy
Rest proxy implementation that wraps another rest proxy and adds the authentication token to every method call.
-
__init__
(rest_proxy)¶ Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
-
delete
(path, **kwargs)¶ Send DELETE request to the server
This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to DELETE a resource from a real or proxy server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the DELETE request to
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Http code
- Raises
NotImplementedError – if this does not get overriden by the derived classes
-
get
(path, **kwargs)¶ Send GET request to the server
This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to GET a resource from a real or proxy server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the GET request to
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Pair of code and json data (when overridden)
- Raises
NotImplementedError – if this does not get overridden by the derived classes
-
post
(path, data_dict, **kwargs)¶ Send POST request to the server
This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to POST a resource to a real or proxy server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the POST to
data_dict (dict) – dictionary to be sent in the body of the POST
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Pair of code and json data (when overridden)
- Raises
NotImplementedError – if this does not get overridden by the derived classes
-
-
class
adam.rest_proxy.
BearerAuthc
(token)¶ Bases:
requests.auth.AuthBase
Attaches bearer token to request.
-
__init__
(token)¶ Initialize. :param token: the bearer token :type token: str
-
-
class
adam.rest_proxy.
LoggingRestProxy
(rest_proxy)¶ Bases:
adam.rest_proxy.RestProxy
Rest proxy implementation that wraps another rest proxy and adds logging of interesting information such as timing and request size to each call.
-
__init__
(rest_proxy)¶ Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
-
delete
(path, **kwargs)¶ Send DELETE request to the server
This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to DELETE a resource from a real or proxy server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the DELETE request to
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Http code
- Raises
NotImplementedError – if this does not get overriden by the derived classes
-
get
(path, **kwargs)¶ Send GET request to the server
This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to GET a resource from a real or proxy server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the GET request to
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Pair of code and json data (when overridden)
- Raises
NotImplementedError – if this does not get overridden by the derived classes
-
post
(path, data_dict, **kwargs)¶ Send POST request to the server
This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to POST a resource to a real or proxy server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the POST to
data_dict (dict) – dictionary to be sent in the body of the POST
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Pair of code and json data (when overridden)
- Raises
NotImplementedError – if this does not get overridden by the derived classes
-
-
class
adam.rest_proxy.
RestProxy
¶ Bases:
object
Interface for accessing the server
-
delete
(path, **kwargs)¶ Send DELETE request to the server
This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to DELETE a resource from a real or proxy server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the DELETE request to
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Http code
- Raises
NotImplementedError – if this does not get overriden by the derived classes
-
get
(path, **kwargs)¶ Send GET request to the server
This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to GET a resource from a real or proxy server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the GET request to
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Pair of code and json data (when overridden)
- Raises
NotImplementedError – if this does not get overridden by the derived classes
-
post
(path, data_dict, **kwargs)¶ Send POST request to the server
This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to POST a resource to a real or proxy server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the POST to
data_dict (dict) – dictionary to be sent in the body of the POST
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Pair of code and json data (when overridden)
- Raises
NotImplementedError – if this does not get overridden by the derived classes
-
-
class
adam.rest_proxy.
RestRequests
¶ Bases:
adam.rest_proxy.RestProxy
Implementation using requests package
This class is used to send requests to the server.
-
__init__
()¶ Initialize client with some ADAM configuration.
-
base_url
()¶
-
delete
(path, **kwargs)¶ Send DELETE request to the server
This function is used to DELETE a resource from the server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the DELETE request to
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Pair of code and json data
-
get
(path, **kwargs)¶ Send GET request to the server
This function is used to GET a resource from the server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the GET request to
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Pair of code and json data
-
post
(path, data_dict, **kwargs) → Tuple[int, str]¶ Send POST request to the server
This function is used to POST a resource to the server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the POST to
data_dict (dict) – dictionary to be sent in the body of the POST
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Pair of code and json data (actual from server)
-
-
class
adam.rest_proxy.
RetryingRestProxy
(rest_proxy, num_tries=5)¶ Bases:
adam.rest_proxy.RestProxy
Rest proxy implementation that wraps another rest proxy and retries calls for some errors known to be retryable.
-
__init__
(rest_proxy, num_tries=5)¶ Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
-
delete
(path, **kwargs)¶ Send DELETE request to the server
This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to DELETE a resource from a real or proxy server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the DELETE request to
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Http code
- Raises
NotImplementedError – if this does not get overriden by the derived classes
-
get
(path, **kwargs)¶ Send GET request to the server
This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to GET a resource from a real or proxy server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the GET request to
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Pair of code and json data (when overridden)
- Raises
NotImplementedError – if this does not get overridden by the derived classes
-
post
(path, data_dict, **kwargs)¶ Send POST request to the server
This function is intended to be overridden by derived classes to POST a resource to a real or proxy server
- Parameters
path (str) – the path to send the POST to
data_dict (dict) – dictionary to be sent in the body of the POST
kwargs (dict) – Additional arguments to configure requests method calls
- Returns
Pair of code and json data (when overridden)
- Raises
NotImplementedError – if this does not get overridden by the derived classes
-


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How To Keep Your Blonde Locks Shining Bright Like A Hairy Diamond
by By PEDESTRIAN.TVPEDESTRIAN.TV has teamed up with Schwarzkopf to get your blonde locks shinin'.
So, you’ve been sporting those light locks for a hot minute now and think you’ve gotten over the initial newly-blonde-aftercare panic? Don’t rest too easy – proper maintenance is still essential in ensuring your hair doesn’t become brassy and dry.
(Side note: if you need some beginner’s help, learn from my mistakes by checking out my newly-blonde hair guide below…)
Whether we want to admit it or not, it requires quite a bit of care to maintain natural-looking blonde tones. I’ve been blonde for a few months now and, while I have more faith in myself regarding blonde hair management, there are still times when my hair gets a tad too brassy.
In fact, I often need to remind myself to tone my hair, because once that brassy, dull look kicks in, it can seem like a never-ending battle to get it back to its shiny prime.
Well, blonde hair can arguably be likened to one of Pavlov’s dogs – it’ll start to do what you want once it’s conditioned.
For the fellow blondies out there, you’ll be able to relate to that feeling of intense satisfaction when your yellow locks start to absorb all of those blue-violet pigments. It’s soothing to the soul.
For a price-savvy toner that produces instant changes, I’ve found that Schwarzkopf’s blonde toner has worked wonders. I’ve often questioned how helpful purple toners actually are in terms of helping the overall health of my hair, but I’ve found that Schwarzkopf’s toner not only keeps my hair blonde, but also repairs the broken bonds within the hair fibre, resulting in stronger hair.
For best results, I’d keep the toner in for as long as possible (I often keep it in for up to 10 minutes), switching it out for a blonde purple shampoo every other wash to mix it up a bit. Just remember: people don’t use purple shampoo and toner in the same wash, unless blue-violet hair is more your vibe.
Given that there are an abundance of places that stock it, like Woolies, Priceline and Chemist Warehouse, you’re bound to have a store around the corner from you that stocks some of that purple goodness.
Besides, you deserve to keep those pesky brassy tones away and sport locks that has the likes of Elle Woods, Paris Hilton and Justin Timberlake quaking in their bleached booties. That’s what I call blonde ambition.
Image: Legally Blonde


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