TypeBuildings package¶
Description
The TEASER4 typebuilding package contains different modules for the creation and parametrisation of typebuildings. In TEASER4 these typebuildings are used to set up datasets for buildings out of limited building information. For this, the methods are based on the following principles according to Lichtmess [1]:
- The building envelope is a function based on the building’s net leased area
- The building envelope can automatically be assigned to the thermal zones
These principles are mainly used to handle the building envelopes. In addition it is necessary to use statistic data for the following aspects:
- number of thermal zones
- division of net leased area into zone areas
- wall constructions
- properties of construction materials
- With the help of such statistical data, it is possible to create typebuildings
- using five parameters:
- type of building
- net leased area
- year of construction
- number of floors
- height of floors
The number of zones and respective zone areas differ for different types of buildings. Detailed information for specific types are given below. The connection between the building envelope area and the building net leased area is based on BMVBS [2] where various administrative buildings were investigated. In addition to this relationship, it is possible to refine the dataset with further information about the structure of the building using a method from Kaag [3]. Wall construction is often a function of year of construction. Such relationships are provided by BMVBS [4] and are enriched by data for materials from DIN 12524 and DIN 4108-4 [5] [6].
Office module¶
Description
The office module contains a multi zone building according to BMVBS [2]. In detail the net leased area is divided into the following thermal zone areas:
- Office (50% of net leased area)
- Floor (25% of net leased area)
- Storage (15% of net leased area)
- Meeting (4% of net leased area)
- Restroom (4% of net leased area)
- ICT (2% of net leased area)
Bases:
teaser.Logic.BuildingObjects.TypeBuildings.TypeBuilding.TypeBuilding
Type Office Building
Subclass from TypeBuilding to represent office buildings. Allows for easier distinction between different building types and specific functions and attributes. Superclass for institute building.
German office building, containing 6 zones. Each zone has 4 outer walls, 4 windows a roof and a floor. Default values are given according to BMVBS. Changing these default values is expert mode.
Parameters: parent: Project()
The parent class of this object, the Project the Building belongs to. Allows for better control of hierarchical structures. Default is None
name : str
individual name
year_of_construction : int
year of first construction
number_of_floors : int
number of floors above ground
height_of_floors : float
average height of the floors
net_leased_area : float
total net leased area of building
with_ahu : boolean
if building has a central AHU or not
office_layout : int
type of floor plan (default = 0)
0: use default values 1: elongated 1 floor 2: elongated 2 floors 3: compact
window_layout : int
type of window layout (default = 0)
0: use default values 1: punctuated facade 2: banner facade 3: full glazing
construction_type : str
construction type (default = “heavy”)
heavy: heavy construction light: light construction
Attributes
zone_area_factors (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the zone (str), the zone area factor (float) and the zone usage (str). The values can be taken from Lichtmess outer_wall_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the outer walls, their orientation and tilt roof_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the roofs, their orientation and tilt ground_floor_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the ground floors, their orientation and tilt window_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the window, their orientation and tilt inner_wall_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the inner walls, their orientation and tilt ceiling_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the ceilings, their orientation and tilt floor_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the floors, their orientation and tilt gross_factor (float) gross factor used to calculate the area of the different zones est_factor_wall_area (float) estimation factor to calculate outer wall area est_exponent_wall (float) another estimation factor to calculate outer wall area est_factor_win_area (float) estimation factor to calculate window area est_exponent_win (float) another estimation factor to calculate window area Methods
Generates an office building.
With given values, this class generates a type building according to TEASER requirements.
Residential module¶
Description
The residential module contains a single zone building where the envelopes are computed based on a method from the IWU [7]. In detail the net leased area is divided into the following thermal zone area:
- Single dwelling (100% of net leased area)
Bases:
teaser.Logic.BuildingObjects.TypeBuildings.TypeBuilding.TypeBuilding
Type Building Residential.
Subclass from Building to represent Residential Buildings. Allows for easier distinction between different building types and specific functions and attributes.
Parameters: parent: Project()
The parent class of this object, the Project the Building belongs to. Allows for better control of hierarchical structures. Default is None
name : str
individual name
year_of_construction : int
year of first construction
number_of_floors : int
number of floors above ground
height_of_floors : float
average height of the floors
net_leased_area : float
total net leased area of building
with_ahu : boolean
if building has a central AHU or not
residential_layout : int
type of floor plan (default = 0)
0: compact 1: elongated/complex
neighbour_buildings : int
neighbour (default = 0)
0: no neighbour 1: one neighbour 2: two neighbours
attic : int
type of attic (default = 0)
0: flat roof 1: non heated attic 2: partly heated attic 3: heated attic
cellar : int
type of cellar (default = 0)
0: no cellar 1: non heated cellar 2: partly heated cellar 3: heated cellar
construction_type : str
construction type (default = “heavy”)
heavy: heavy construction light: light construction
dormer : str
construction type
0: no dormer 1: dormer
Attributes
zone_area_factors (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the zone (str), the zone area factor (float) and the zone usage (str). The values can be taken from Lichtmess outer_wall_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the outer walls, their orientation and tilt roof_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the roofs, their orientation and tilt ground_floor_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the ground floors, their orientation and tilt window_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the window, their orientation and tilt inner_wall_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the inner walls, their orientation and tilt ceiling_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the ceilings, their orientation and tilt floor_names (dict) This dictionary contains the name of the floors, their orientation and tilt est_living_area_factor (float) estimation factor for calculation of number of heated floors est_bottom_building_closure (float) estimation factor to calculate ground floor area est_upper_building_closure (float) estimation factor to calculate attic area est_factor_win_area (float) estimation factor to calculate window area est_factor_cellar_area (float) estimation factor to calculate heated cellar area Methods
Generates a residential building.
With given values, this class generates a type residential building according to TEASER requirements Berechnungsgrundlagen: IWU, “Kurzverfahren Energieprofil”; 2005.
Institute module¶
Description
The institute module contains a multi zone building which is based on an office building with an additional laboratory zone. The area of the laboratory zone is based on the data from the Forschungszentrum Jülich [8]. According to the dataset from Jülich, the typebuilding institute is based on the buildingsclass of BWZK with the number 2200 which represents all institute buildings which are not institute type 4 or institute type 8 [9]. In detail the net leased area is divided into the following thermal zone areas:
- Office (40% of net leased area)
- Floor (25% of net leased area)
- Storage (10% of net leased area)
- Meeting (4% of net leased area)
- Restroom (4% of net leased area)
- ICT (2% of net leased area)
- Laboratory (15% of the net leased area)
Bases:
teaser.Logic.BuildingObjects.TypeBuildings.Office.Office
Type Institute Building (type 4)
Attributes
Methods
Institute4 module¶
Description
The institute type 4 module contains a multi zone building which is based on an office building with an additional laboratory zone. The area of the laboratory zone is based on data from the Forschungszentrum Jülich [8]. According to the dataset from Jülich, the typebuilding institute type 4 is based on the buildingsclass of BWZK with the number 2240 [9]. In detail the net leased area is divided in the following thermal zone areas:
- Office (37.5% of net leased area)
- Floor (22.5% of net leased area)
- Storage (10% of net leased area)
- Meeting (4% of net leased area)
- Restroom (4% of net leased area)
- ICT (2% of net leased area)
- Laboratory (20% of the net leased area)
Bases:
teaser.Logic.BuildingObjects.TypeBuildings.Office.Office
Type Institute Building (type 4)
Attributes
Methods
Institute8 module¶
Description
The institute type 8 module contains a multi zone building which is based on an office building with an additional laboratory zone. The area of the laboratory zone is based on data from the Forschungszentrum Jülich [8]. According to the dataset from Jülich, the typebuilding institute type 8 is based on the buildingsclass of BWZK with the number 2240 [9]. In detail the net leased area is divided in the following thermal zone areas:
- Office (10% of net leased area)
- Floor (18% of net leased area)
- Storage (2% of net leased area)
- Meeting (4% of net leased area)
- Restroom (4% of net leased area)
- ICT (2% of net leased area)
- Laboratory (60% of the net leased area)
Bases:
teaser.Logic.BuildingObjects.TypeBuildings.Office.Office
Type Institute Building (type 8)
Attributes
Methods
UseConditionsOffice18599 module¶
Description
The UseConditionsOffice18599 module contains the useconditions for the typebuildings according to the DIN V 18599 [10] and the SIA 2024 [11]. In detail the attributes are structured in the following sections:
- Usage and operation times
- Lighting (The hourly profiles here are based on the usage and operation times)
- Room climate
- Internal gains
- Misc
UseConditions18599
This module is a container for UseConditions following 18599 and SIA
Bases:
teaser.Logic.BuildingObjects.UseConditions.UseConditions
Use Conditions DIN 18599
Class that contains the boundary conditions of use for non-residential buildings defined in DIN V 18599-10
Attributes
Note: the attributes description are translations from DIN V 18599-10 standard USAGE AND OPERATION TIMES usage: str usage type - Nutzungsart typical_length: typical length of a usage zone - typische Zonenlaenge typical width: typical width of a usage zone - typische Zonenbreite usage_time ([int]) usage time [begin, end] (h) - Nutzungszeit daily_usage_hours (int) daily usage time (h) - taegliche Nutzungsstunden yearly_usage_days (int) operating days per year (d) - jaehrliche Nutzungstage yearly_usage_hours_day (int) operating hours per year during daytime (h) - jaehrliche Nutzungsstunden zur Tagzeit yearly_usage_hours_night (int) operating hours per year during nighttime (h) - jaehrliche Nutzungsstunden zur Nachtzeit daily_operation_ahu_cooling: int operating hours of AHU and cooling - taegliche Betriebsstunden RLT und Kuehlung yearly_ahu_days (int) operating days AHU per year (d) - jaehrliche Betriebstage fuer RLT yearly_heating_days (int) operating days heating per year - jaehrliche Betriebstage fuer Heizung yearly_cooling_days (int) operating days Cooling per year (h) - jaehrliche Betriebstage fuer Kuehlung daily_operation_heating (int) operating hours of heating (h) - taegliche Betriebsstunden Heizung LIGHTING maintained_illuminace (int) maintained illuminance value (lx) - Wartungswert der Beleuchtungsstaerke usage_level_height: float height of the usage level (m) - Hoehe der Nutzebene red_factor_visual (float) reduction factor for visual task sector - Minderungsfaktor Bereich Sehaufgabe rel_absence (float) relative absence - Raumindex room_index (float) room index - jaehrliche Betriebstage fuer Kuehlung part_load_factor_lighting (float) part load factor of building usage time for lighting - Teilbetriebsfaktor der Gebaeudebetriebszeit fuer Beleuchtung ratio_conv_rad_lighting (float) describes the ratio between convective and radiative heat transfer of the lighting ROOM CLIMATE set_temp_heat: float internal set temperature heating - Raum-Solltemperatur Heizung set_temp_cool: float internal set temperature cooling - Raum-Solltemperatur Kuehlung temp_set_back: float set back in reduced operation mode - Temperaturabsenkung reduzierter Betrieb min_temp_heat (float) design minimal temperature heating - Minimaltemperatur Auslegung Heizung max_temp_cool (float) design maximal temperature cooling - Maximaltemperatur Auslegung Kuehlung rel_humidity (float) relative humidity - Feuchteanforderung d min_air_exchange (float) required minimal air exchange, due to usage - Mindestaussenluftvolumenstrom rel_absence_ahu (float) relative absence for AHU - Relative Abwesenheit RLT part_load_factor_ahu: float part load factor of building usage time for AHU - Teilbetriebsfaktor der Gebaeudebetriebszeit RLT cooling_time ([int]) cooling time [begin, end] - Beginn/Ende Betriebszeit RLT und Kuehlung heating_time ([int]) heating time [begin, end] - Beginn/End Betriebszeit Heizung INTERNAL GAINS persons (int) number of persons - Personen activity_type_persons (int) persons activity ratio_conv_rad_persons (float) describes the ratio between convective and radiative heat transfer of the persons profile_persons ([float]) timeline of internal gains (persons) from 0 - 100 - Nutzungsprofil Personen machines: float number of Machines - Arbeitshilfen activity_type_machines (int) machines activity ratio_conv_rad_machines (float) describes the ratio between convective and radiative heat transfer of the lighting profile_machines ([float]) timeline of internal gains (machines) from 0 - 100 - Nutzungsprofil Geraete lighting_power (float) spec. electr. Power for lighting - spez. Elektr. Leistung-Raumbeleuchtung profile_lighting ([float]) timeline of internal gains (lighting) from 0 - 100 - Nutzungsprofil Licht MISC/AHU min_ahu: float min ahu - minAHU max_ahu (float) max ahu - maxAHU with_ahu (boolean) with ahu - withAHU use_constant_ach_rate (boolean) choose if a constant ACH rate should be used base_ach (float) base value for the infiltration rate max_user_ach (float) additional infiltration rate for maximum persons activity max_overheating_ach (list) additional infiltration rate when overheating appears max_summer_ach (list) additional infiltration rate in the summer with [infiltration_rate, Tmin, Tmax] winter_reduction (list) reduction factor of userACH for cold weather with [infiltration_rate, Tmin, Tmax] Methods
load typical use conditions
loads Use conditions specified in the XML, according to 18599
Parameters: zone_usage : str
code list for zone_usage according to 18599
Use conditions saver.
Saves use conditions according to their usage type in the the XML file for use conditions in InputData. If the Project parent is set, it automatically saves it to the file given in Project.data. Alternatively you can specify a path to a file of UseConditions. If this file does not exist, a new file is created.
Parameters: path : str
path where unique file should be stored
name : str
name of of unique file
Literature¶
| [1] | Markus Lichtmeß. Vereinfachungen für die energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden. Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, Wuppertal, 2010. |
| [2] | (1, 2) Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung. Vereinfachung zur geometrischen und technischen Datenaufnahme im Nichtwohngebäudebestand. 2010. |
| [3] | W. Kaag, T. Ummenhöfer, and M. N. Fisch. Forschungsprojekt energieeffiziente Sanierung von Bürogebäuden der 50er bis 70er Jahre - Erarbeitung einer Planungshilfe. 2008. |
| [4] | Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung. Bekanntmachung der Regeln für Energieverbrauchskennwerte und der Vergleichswerte im Nichtwohngebäudebestand. 2009. |
| [5] | DIN 12524. Baustoffe und -produkte - Wärme- und feuchteschutztechnische Eigenschaften - Tabellierte Bemessungswerte - Deutsche Fassung. Juli 2000. |
| [6] | DIN 4108. Wärmeschutz und Energie-Einsparung in Gebäuden - Teil 4: Wärme- und feuchteschutztechnische Bemessungswerte. Februar 2013. |
| [7] | Tobias Loga, Nikolaus Diefenbach, Jens Knissel, and Rolf Born.  Institut Wohnen und Umwelt GmbH, Darmstadt, 2005. |
| [8] | (1, 2, 3) D. Müller, M. Fuchs, M. Lauster, and J. Teichmann. EnEff:Campus - Entwicklung eines integralen Planungshilfsmittels, Projekt - Abschlussbericht. Juni 2015. |
| [9] | (1, 2, 3) Bauministerkonferenz. Bauwerkszuordnungskatalog. 2010. |
| [10] | DIN V 18599. Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden – Berechnung des Nutz-, End- und Primärenergiebedarfs für Heizung, Kühlung, Lüftung, Trinkwarmwasser und Beleuchtung – Teil 10: Nutzungsrandbedingungen, Klimadaten. Dezember 2011. |
| [11] | SIA 2024. Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen für die Energie- und Gebäudetechnik. 2006. |


Calls win.assetInterface.integerSum(a,b)
on input
Calls win.assetInterface.stringSum(a,b)
on input
Calls win.assetInterface.vectorIntegerMul(list,mul)
on input
Calls win.xcall("mappedFunctionName", ...)
These will test native functions defined in SOM_PASSPORT_BEGIN_EX / SOM_PASSPORT_END
block
Calls win.assetInterface.integerSum(a,b)
on input
Calls win.assetInterface.stringSum(a,b)
on input
Calls win.assetInterface.vectorIntegerMul(list,mul)
on input
Calls win.xcall("mappedFunctionName", ...)
Creates native object and uses its methods:
These will use native handle_event()
handler and call functions on script side from native side
This receives application events - broadcasted to all windows:


This is the Heibel base theme, with this theme you can easily create new themes for Heibel. It contains Bootstrap 4 and basic styling and HTML.
basetheme
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To override assets on website level just create a MODX_WEBROOT/theme-configuration
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And start overriding the SCSS.
If you create new variables in /assets/scss/settings/_vars.scss
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Records can be skipped from updating by adding 'exclude_from_update' => true
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This is the official AtomicDEX mobile beta program channel -
Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.komodoplatform.atomicdex - iOS: https://testflight.apple.com/join/c2mOLEoC - Please use https://github.com/KomodoPlatform/atomicdex/issues for bug reports and feature requests. For critical security bug reports please do send us your encrypted (https://pgp.mit.edu/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x379287998EE6CF47) report to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and allow up to 24h for reply. For atomicDEX API (mm2) related issue reports or feature requests please do use https://github.com/KomodoPlatform/atomicDEX-API/issues
100 messages
Before 05-Dec-19 12:00 AM
jl777c02-Nov-19 03:25 PM
you can keep repeating it didnt work, ok, we all know that it couldnt handle 250tx/sec sustained, and the degradation of the network was not graceful, it saturated and stopped for most
duskonaut02-Nov-19 03:25 PM
just my opinion anyway... you had 2000 people that tried to send 1 transaction for 6 hours.
5
1
1
jl777c02-Nov-19 03:25 PM
clearly it could not handle it
why do you keep repeating what everybody knows?
mm1 initial stress test was a bit similar
ѕℓιм02-Nov-19 03:26 PM
that is the entire point of doing these tests
duskonaut02-Nov-19 03:26 PM
Because you keep repeating that test was success
jl777c02-Nov-19 03:26 PM
by the third iteration, mm1 was able to handle the load
the test was a success in finding what broke
duskonaut02-Nov-19 03:26 PM
and I did not read other people comments here
jl777c02-Nov-19 03:26 PM
that was the point of the test
ca33302-Nov-19 03:26 PM
@duskonaut stop repeating yourself and complaining about others repeating
I want to say thanks to Komodo as I was a lucky winner. I participated in the stress test, not expecting to win anything, just hoping, and hoping to help improve this software. With the on-going creep of government into all aspects of our lives, I think AtomicDex will be an essential tool in fighting for freedom, and will especially fulfill that goal with the implementation of Pirate (ARRR). Can't wait to help with future tests, and ultimately see this released for the world to use.
9
3
7
Oszy02-Nov-19 05:16 PM
thank you for participating and congrats on your winnings
cryptoclueless02-Nov-19 05:28 PM
I asked in talk-trading but got no response. I've seen a breakdown of rewards for different komodo assests including DEX. Can someone point me to that exhibit/breakdown of what rewards a DEX holder would receive?
@Sugi thank you for making an Atomicdex video and getting the word out
cryptoclueless02-Nov-19 05:50 PM
Thats it Oszy, thanks! I've seen 1 DEX valued at 20-30 KMD, at least thats what holders are selling them for. I'm curious if thats based on some estimation of atomicDex transaction fees
Oszy02-Nov-19 05:53 PM
right now it's based on nobody really selling it some say it's worth even 100KMD, it's up to people to valuate it, surely has to look at in as a long term investment
but yes i've seen it between 30-40 in the past months
it's not a bad price now considering KMD is .57 cents not $1.50 as it was a few months ago
Acura02-Nov-19 05:57 PM
@cryptoclueless Imagine a Dex that uses multiple GUI's...
Smartphone / Tablet (AtomicDex) +
Native Web-based Dex
Plus other projects which will create their own GUI (e.g. HyperDex/Chainswap) and use Dex as engine - plus the potential when MM2 is ready incl. Z Address Handling (Pirate) + CEX Orderbook Connection
And not to forget the integration of Dex into existing wallet providers.
Everyone uses one and the same order book.
And you earn money with every trade.
My Point of view.(edited)
3
cryptoclueless02-Nov-19 06:00 PM
Thanks Oszy and Acura. Its exciting to think of that potential, but feels impossible to wait
Acura02-Nov-19 06:00 PM
And upcoming DuneDex is based on AtomicDex i have read ...
cryptoclueless02-Nov-19 06:02 PM
yeah, so DEX holders would earn money from that too?
polycryptoblog02-Nov-19 06:02 PM
Yes
cryptoclueless02-Nov-19 06:03 PM
so the question is do I convert the stress test winnings to DEX or stay in KMD, decisions, decisions. Thanks for your views on this I really appreciate it.
Oszy02-Nov-19 06:03 PM
i just wanted to say this i will
polycryptoblog02-Nov-19 06:06 PM
Depends on your timeframe, DEX will take some time to pay out as everything is early beta for now
NWhiskeyTango02-Nov-19 06:07 PM
@TonyL i was told to send my log to @smk762 - dracocanis ominator which i did, but did not make the list you posted at 2am lol
smk762 - dracocanis ominator02-Nov-19 06:08 PM
Thanks, I have your logs. Will check them and add manually later tonight.
NWhiskeyTango02-Nov-19 06:19 PM
I dont think it matters since the reward thing was a 4hr window in the middle of the night @smk762 - dracocanis ominator
And winners anounced already, + i wouldnt have won anything with 3 swaps anywho
All good though. Was fun testing
I like breaking stuff lol(edited)
smk762 - dracocanis ominator02-Nov-19 06:22 PM
I'm looking anyway, and doing what I can to improve data collection etc. Got a bunch of logs to check, some up to 70MB. Each needs to be cleaned up to only the json, then filtered to only look at swaps during the window. Had a decent sleep today, so getting stuck in.
NWhiskeyTango02-Nov-19 06:22 PM
For that yes, logs r good. Cool zzz
smk762 - dracocanis ominator02-Nov-19 06:22 PM
I'll be sending 7.77KMD to all who sent me logs during the test (edited)
NWhiskeyTango02-Nov-19 06:24 PM
Word. I still keep testing it. I want it to work.
Will it possible to offer a maker position and close the app/lock phone? That would be a HUGE + for me. Unless my phone is plugged in the screen times out(edited)
smk762 - dracocanis ominator02-Nov-19 06:25 PM
app needs to be running for swap process to initiate / progress.
https://dexstats.info/assetinfo.php Assets from issuer Jl777 BOTS Total Coin Supply: 1,000,000 Currently, the BOTS asset chain derives its value from the fact that it collects 15% of all dex fees on BarterDEX. This feature is simply a part of the original concept of the BOTS ...
Cryptoon03-Nov-19 03:46 PM
@CoinKing88 at first it is, whenever a million usd equivalent in fees is accumulated it will be paid out
After a while I think jl would make something automated if it would come to monthly payouts or sth
polycryptoblog03-Nov-19 04:43 PM
@CoinKing88 just got to hold them no staking
vogelfreund8803-Nov-19 06:32 PM
Is there a possibility to build in a ???fix To prevent from shut down screen on iOS after 5 min ? To get more orders filled.
And when kmdice on AtomicDEX?
Cryptoon03-Nov-19 07:17 PM
Or make it possible to run the app in the background for ios
Like for navigation apps or whatzvee
polycryptoblog03-Nov-19 08:20 PM
@vogelfreund88 you can choose to have it never shutdown
vogelfreund8803-Nov-19 08:29 PM
Where?
@polycryptoblog
polycryptoblog03-Nov-19 08:32 PM
You have to have low power mode off
Display and brightness
MorganJekyll03-Nov-19 08:40 PM
So what is DEX coin?
polycryptoblog03-Nov-19 08:45 PM
Link above explains it
vogelfreund8803-Nov-19 08:52 PM
Thx mate
kmdkrazy03-Nov-19 08:53 PM
Does anyone know why my test folio has NINJA in it


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--- date: ' 2020-03-18T10:54:24 ' draft: false linktitle: Lab 11 menu: MES623Econ: parent: Lab Material weight: 11 title: Regulation Mechanisms and the Equimarginal Principle type: docs weight: 11 output: blogdown::html_page: toc: true ---
In today’s lab, we explore pollution regulations in terms of caps and taxes, under the equimarginal principle.
If we can recall from lecture (lecture 8), the equimarginal principle states that the costs of pollution control are minimized when the marginal costs of abatement are equalized across sources.
Given the graphic we have two sources of pollution, the optimal price per additional unit of abatement is the same for each source. The optimal level of abatement is different for each source at that price.
For 3 different sources of pollution, we are given information on levels of abatement, and their marginal Cost. Download the data here.
Let’s read in the data:
Data = read.csv("MES623_Lab11_lab_data.csv")
Now, let’s determine a model/functional form for the marginal cost of abatement for each of the different sources. First, look at your data in a plot:
#Source A
plot(Data$Abatement, Data$MC_A, pch = 16, cex = 1.3, col = "blue",
main = "Marginal cost of abatement of Source A",
xlab = "Abatement", ylab = "Marginal cost")
It looks like a straight line should work so our functional form, where the intercept can be estimated by R. Our model should look like something like this: \[Y=\alpha+\beta X\], where \(X\) is the level of abatement. Let’s try this in a basic linear model.
# Model for Source A
Model_A <- lm(Data$MC_A~Data$Abatement)
summary(Model_A)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = Data$MC_A ~ Data$Abatement)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -41.593 -11.185 -2.643 10.641 35.552
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -4.2447 10.1849 -0.417 0.683172
## Data$Abatement 0.5970 0.1157 5.160 0.000145 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 21.33 on 14 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6554, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6308
## F-statistic: 26.62 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 0.0001448
# Original Plot of Source A data (run these lines all at one time)
plot(Data$Abatement, Data$MC_A, pch = 16, cex = 1.3, col = "blue",
main = "Marginal cost of abatement of Sector A",
xlab = "Abatement", ylab = "Marginal cost")
lines(Data$Abatement,predict(Model_A)) # Plot the predicted Marginal cost given the model
Another way to check to see if this model works is by checking the r.squared values. Remember our definitions from lab 8:
R-squared - A measure of the linear relationship between the \(X\) and the \(Y\) variables. Stays between 0 and 1: 0 - the model does not explain the variance in the response variable; 1 - the model explains the variance in the response variable.
summary(Model_A)$r.squared
## [1] 0.6553822
summary(Model_A)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.6307666
Our results show that 65.5 % of the variance is being explained by our model. This is greater than 50% so we should be OK to use this as our functional form. But let’s try forcing the intercept to be zero and see if we get a better R-squared values.
Model_A <- lm(Data$MC_A~0+Data$Abatement)
summary(Model_A)$r.squared
## [1] 0.8559175
summary(Model_A)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.846312
This improved our values so we will use the newer model as our functional form.
Let’s try this same functional form for Source B:
# Source B
Model_B <- lm(Data$MC_B~0+Data$Abatement)
summary(Model_B)$r.squared
## [1] 0.8106292
summary(Model_B)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.7980045
Our R squared is pretty OK. Let’s take a look at the plot of the observed and predicted data.
plot(Data$Abatement, Data$MC_B, pch = 16, cex = 1.3, col = "blue",
main = "Marginal cost of abatement of Source B",
xlab = "Abatement", ylab = "Marginal cost")
lines(Data$Abatement,predict(Model_B))
Looks good to me!
Let’s do the same thing for our last source of pollution, source c.
Model_C<- lm(Data$MC_C~0+Data$Abatement)
summary(Model_C)$r.squared
## [1] 0.9076426
summary(Model_C)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.9014855
plot(Data$Abatement, Data$MC_C, pch = 16, cex = 1.3, col = "blue", main = "Marginal cost of abatement of Source C",
xlab = "Abatement", ylab = "Marginal cost")
lines(Data$Abatement,predict(Model_C))
This is OK, but it looks like there are a good proportion of the points in the middle abatement range that are below the line. Maybe we need a curved line? To do this we can make the relationship with abatement quadratic rather than linear. In the code below we use the I() operator around the squared abatement term to tell R that this is a part of the linear regression not a separate operation in the formula. Try running the linear model without I()
and see what you get.
Model_C <- lm(Data$MC_C~0+Data$Abatement+I(Data$Abatement^2))
summary(Model_C)$r.squared
## [1] 0.9345342
summary(Model_C)$adj.r.squared
## [1] 0.925182
plot(Data$Abatement, Data$MC_C, pch = 16, cex = 1.3, col = "blue",
main = "Marginal cost of abatement of source C",
xlab = "Abatement", ylab = "Marginal cost")
lines(Data$Abatement,predict(Model_C))
Our R-squared values went up and the graph doesn’t look too bad!
We now have three models for marginal cost, two are linear and one is quadratic. As in previous labs we can extract the coefficients from each model using R code similar to Model_C$coefficients[1]
.
Let’s deal with the linear models first. The marginal cost of abatement from source \(i\) is given by \(MC_i=a_i+b_iA_i\), where \(a_i\) and \(b_i\) are the intercept and the slope estimated in the regression analysis, respectively. In our case the intercept is forced to be zero. When the current level of emissions is \(A^0_i\), then the demand for carbon emissions is given by \(P_i=(a_i+b_iA^0_i)-b_iQ_i\); where \(Q_i\) is an amount of carbon in tons. Let’s say the current levels of emissions for source A and B are 160 and 220 respectively.To get a full demand curve we want to calculate the demand for each \(Q\) between zero and the current level of emissions.
# Our current level of emissions saved as an object
Qt_A = 220
Qt_B = 160
# Demand for source A
# Remember we don't have an intercept, just a coefficient for abatement.
# This means the alpha term from the equation above goes away.
D_A = (Model_A$coefficients[1]*Qt_A)-Model_A$coefficients[1]*seq(0,Qt_A,1)
# seq() generating a sequence of Qs for this calculation
# Demand for source B
D_B = (Model_B$coefficients[1]*Qt_B)-Model_B$coefficients[1]*seq(0,Qt_B,1)
Now, source C is similar but with the quadratic model. If the marginal cost is given by \(MC_i=a_i+b_iA_i+c_iA^2_i\), the demand curve is given by \(P_i=b_i(A^0_i-Q_i)+c_i(A^0_i-Q_i)^2\) where the intercept is zero. Again, the current level of emissions is \(A^0_i\) which is 400 for source C.
# Our current level of emissions saved as an object
Qt_C = 240
D_C <- Model_C$coefficients[1]*(Qt_C-seq(0,Qt_C,1))+Model_C$coefficients[2]*(Qt_C-seq(0,Qt_C,1))^2
Let’s graph these demand curves. Which pollution source is willing to pay the most for the first unit of carbon emissions?
plot(c(0,300),c(0,300), type="n", xlab="Emissions", ylab="Price", main="Demand for Emissions")
lines(seq(0,Qt_A,1),D_A,lwd=2)
lines(seq(0,Qt_B,1),D_B,col="red",lwd=2)
lines(seq(0,Qt_C,1),D_C,col="green",lwd=2)
legend("topright",legend=c("Source A","Source B","Source C"),
col=c("black","red","green"), lty=c(1,1,1), cex=0.8)
It seems that Source C (green) is the one willing to pay the most of for the first unit of emission.
Pollution sources A and C are the pollution sources for country Z, and their regulation states that there must be a cap on carbon emissons. They must cut their emissions by a fourth of their current emissions (reducing total emissions from 460 to 345). There will be no local pollutants affected by the carbon abatement so we do not have to worry about co-benefits. What is the total cost of following this regulation, as well as the cost of abatement and pollution for each source?
First, we have to remember that to get from marginal values to totals, we need to calculate the area below the marginal curve. We typically just take the area of a triangle below the curve but we can do this another way. We can calculate an integral, where the area below a straight line, \(y=a+bx\), between two arbitrary points, \(x_0\) and \(x_1\), is given by:
\[\int_{x_0}^{x_1}a+bx\;dx=ax+\frac{b}{2}x^2+C\;\Bigg\vert^{x_1}_{x_0}=a(x_1-x_0)+\frac{b}{2}(x_1^2-x_0^2)\] If you don’t remember integrals it’s OK. Just remember that if you are taking an integral with respects to a certain variable such as \(X\), you just increase the power of the variable and divide by that power. For instance, the integral of the constant \(a\) is \(ax\). We added an \(X^1/1\) to our constant giving us \(ax\). We do this for each term in the equation and then evaluate the equation at \(x_1\) and subtract the same equation evaluated at \(x_0\).
For the quadratic marginal cost function, \(y=bx+cx^2\), we do the same thing:
\[\int_{x_0}^{x_1}bx+cx^2\;dx=\frac{b}{2}x^2+\frac{c}{3}x^3+C\;\Bigg\vert^{x_1}_{x_0}=\frac{b}{2}(x_1^2-x_0^2)+\frac{c}{3}(x_1^3-x_0^3)\]
Given our new equations for area we can estimate the total cost of abating a fourth of their units in each sector, where \(x_0=0\) and \(x_1=Q_t/4\) where Qt changes based on the pollution source. Let’s create some functions to do this for us.
linear.cost <- function(x0,x1,b)
# the function will take the values for the units of abatement and the coefficient
# remember there is only one coefficient since we forced the intercept to be zero
# you may need two coefficients for your homework
{
as.numeric(b/2*(x1^2-x0^2)) # here is the equation for the integral of the linear function
}
quadratic.cost <- function(x0,x1,b,c) # same as the linear function
{
as.numeric(b/2*(x1^2-x0^2)+c/3*(x1^3-x0^3)) # the integral of the quadratic function
}
# Total cost for Source A
C4_A <- linear.cost(0,(Qt_A/4),Model_A$coefficients[1])
C4_A
## [1] 840.7795
# Total cost for Source C
C4_C <- quadratic.cost(0,(Qt_C/4),Model_C$coefficients[1],Model_C$coefficients[2])
C4_C
## [1] 1104.678
# Total cost
C4_A+C4_C
## [1] 1945.457
To emit a ton of carbon in country Z, you must pay a tax of \(t\) per unit of carbon emitted. Again let’s find the total cost of abatement and the cost of abatement and pollution for each source of pollution.
First we will need to find the minimum tax that allows us to reduce total emissions by 1/4 (from 460 to 345). Does this sound familiar?
Yes, we must invoke the equimarginal principle! We need to find the optimal allocation of units that minimizes the total cost of abating 115 units. Basically, all sources will abate until their marginal cost of abatement is equal, and the total abatement is 115.
We need an optimization function that minimizes total cost by adjusting the number of units abated between source A and C. The units abated between sources have to add to 115 but can be distributed across sources in many ways. We will use the library Rsolnp
for this.
# Load the optimizing library
library(Rsolnp)
## Warning: package 'Rsolnp' was built under R version 3.6.3
Let’s think about how we will set up our optimization. Recall the previous labs. Here is the format:
OO <- solnp( X,# Starting values
fun = # Function to minimize
eqfun = # Total abatement achieved
eqB = # Total abatement goal
LB = # Lower bound for decision variables, must be a vector
UB = # Upper bound for decision variables, must be a vector as well)
Let’s start filling things in.
# Total cost funtion to be minimized
tot.cost = function(X){ # X is a vector of two abatement values, one for source A and one for source C
# Total cost for Source A
Cost_A = linear.cost(0,X[1],Model_A$coefficients[1]) # X[1] is the units of abatement for source A
# Total cost for source C
Cost_C = quadratic.cost(0,X[2],Model_C$coefficients[1],Model_C$coefficients[2])
# Total cost
TC <- Cost_A+Cost_C
TC
}
# The total abatement has to be 1/4 of the total which is 115
# Function that calculates total abatement
tot.abatement <- function(X)
{
TA <- sum(X) # Sum of the vector of values of abatement
TA
}
X <- rep(0.1,2) # Create a set of starting values different than zero.
OO <- solnp(X, # Starting values
fun = tot.cost, # Function to minimize
eqfun = tot.abatement, # Total abatement achieved
eqB = 115, # Total abatement goal
LB = rep(0,2), # Lower bound for decision variables, must be a vector
UB = c(Qt_A,Qt_C)) # Upper bound for decision variables, must be a vector as well
##
## Iter: 1 fn: 1887.3332 Pars: 63.52040 51.47960
## Iter: 2 fn: 1887.3330 Pars: 63.52040 51.47960
## Iter: 3 fn: 1887.3330 Pars: 63.52040 51.47960
## solnp--> Completed in 3 iterations
X <- OO$pars # extract the level of abatement at the optimal price for both sources
X
## [1] 63.5204 51.4796
Notice the two values in the X vector sum to 115, so that part worked.
Given the equimarginal principle, the optimal tax is equal to the marginal cost of abatement at equilibrium. If the theory is right, that means that at the optimal solution, all marginal costs of abatement should be the same. Let’s check that prediction:
# Source A
opt.MC_A= Model_A$coefficients[1]*X[1]
opt.MC_A
## Data$Abatement
## 35.31018
# Source C
opt.MC_C=Model_C$coefficients[1]*X[2]+Model_C$coefficients[2]*X[2]^2
opt.MC_C
## Data$Abatement
## 35.31018
It worked! The optimal tax is \(t^*=35.31\).
What was the total cost of abatement? We can use our tot.cost
function to figure this out. It has the integral within it.
tot.cost(X)
## [1] 1887.333
What is the cost of abatement for each source? Use the individual integral functions.
# Cost of abating for Source A
as.numeric(linear.cost(0,X[1],Model_A$coefficients[1]))
## [1] 1121.458
# Cost of abating for Source C
as.numeric(quadratic.cost(0,X[2],Model_C$coefficients[1],Model_C$coefficients[2]))
## [1] 765.8746
What is the cost of pollution for each source? Units of carbon emission that are above the optimal units of abatement are taxed.
tax = opt.MC_C
# Cost of polluting for source A
# any units from the point of abatement to the current emissions level, are taxed
as.numeric((Qt_A-X[1])*tax)
## [1] 5525.323
# Cost of polluting for Source C
as.numeric((Qt_C-X[2])*tax)
## [1] 6656.69
We will pick up here next week. What would the total cost be if we not only had a cap of 1/4 of total emissions but the two sources were also allowed to trade?
To Be Continued …


About lolvote.
lolvote. is an interactive live comedy show aimed at getting young people to vote in 2016...and then 2018, 2020, 2022 (basically as long as there is a democratic system in place in the US).
Hosted by
Rae Sanni and Alex English
Sunday, November 8, 2015
Doors: 6pm, Show: 7pm
Tickets: $5 (buy them in advance here)
Littlefield
622 Degraw St, Brooklyn, NY 11217


These "Frameworks" try to automate some part of the recon and exploitation phase of the pentest. They usually take the more common commands that pentesters run and iterate through them in some fashion.
[Vanquish](https://github.com/frizb/Vanquish)
[Sparta](https://github.com/SECFORCE/sparta)
[Yuki](https://github.com/Yukinoshita47/Yuki-Chan-The-Auto-Pentest)
[Red Hawk](https://github.com/Tuhinshubhra/RED_HAWK)
[Sn1per](https://github.com/1N3/Sn1per)
[AutoDane](https://github.com/sensepost/autoDANE)
[bscan](https://github.com/welchbj/bscan)


A bit more about me
Hello I am Parimal, I work for Smartsoft International Inc and I love writing JavaScript, solving complex problems and listening to EDMs
Skills
Here are some of the technologies I enjoy writing day-to-day:
- HTML & CSS
- Node.js
- Angular
- MongoDB, I am novice to it but could follow soon with you
- SAPUI5
- SAP Fiori
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I am also SAP Fiori Certified Technology associate, North America and will be pursuing SAP HANA certification in a month.
How to contact me
The easiest way to contact me is via email: Shoot a Mail Add Me on LinkedIn: Connect Me


Flanger
Flanging effect acheived through a modulated delay line.
Example:
a = FM().play( Rndi(100,1000), 1/4 )
f = Flanger({ rate:Slider(), feedback:Slider() })
a.fx.add( f )
Properties
- rate : Default range: { .01, 20 }. The speed in Hz that the delay tap position is modulated by.
- feedback : Default range: { 0, .99 }. The amount of output signal fed back into the input.
- amount : Default range: { 25, 300 }. The size of the delay line.
Methods
None worth mentioning.


You are clan Kill em all
World Phase (all Den Growth and Settling)
Artillery (all Chants, Lobs and Free orders)
movement
development
* Clan Listing for 'Kill em all' at end of Turn 0:
* Clans Ranking at end of Turn 0:
01 - Player 01 - EXTINCT - 'Kill em all' (kea) Clan.
02 - Player 02 - EXTINCT - 'Blah blah blah' (bla) Clan.
03 - Player 03 - EXTINCT - 'Duke Nukem' (nuk) Clan.
04 - Player 04 - EXTINCT - 'Slayer' (sla) Clan.
- THERE ARE 0 HOME DENS LEFT IN THIS GAME.
- YOU DO NOT CONTROL ANY HOME DENS!


This scenario shows two different consumable in-app products. Consumable products require both a purchase call and a fulfillment call per purchase. This scenario shows the calls happening separately for demonstration purposes only; DO NOT require a user action for fulfillment in your app.
Display the purchase dialog box to buy product 1. Do not immediately call the fulfillment method. Query the Store API to get the in-app offer information and show it here:
Check to see if there are unfulfilled consumables waiting to be fulfilled. Display the result in the output area.
Call the fulfillment method for product 1.
Display the purchase dialog box to buy product 2. Do not immediately call the fulfillment method. Query the Store API to get the in-app offer information and show it here:
Check to see if there are unfulfilled consumables waiting to be fulfilled. Display the result in the output area.
Call the fulfillment method for product 2.


Select Reel Nav
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Have all pictures here.
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MR. DEATH: THE RISE AND FALL OF FRED A. LEUCHTER, JR. (director/writer: Errol Morris; cinematographer: Peter Donohue; editor: Karen Schmeer; cast: David Irving, Fred A. Leuchter Jr., James Roth, Shelly Shapiro, Suzanne Tabasky, Robert Jan Van Pelt, Ernst ZŁndel, 1999)
Reviewed by Dennis Schwartz
Errol Morris's unorthodox documentary is about the son of a Massachusetts prison superintendent of transportation who grew up in the prison atmosphere and later on went into the business of upgrading traditional Death Row equipment, and as his reputation grew among prison personnel because of his technical skills, so did the amount of business he procured from the different states all over the country, all with supposedly antiquated and insufficient killing systems. What makes Fred A. Leuchter, Jr. a most challenging subject for the documentary filmmaker: is that the story tries to explore a kind of evil that is hard to put one's finger on, being that Leuchter is not necessarily an evil person, but someone whom it is hard to put a label on, yet the causes that he advances because of his vanity- is evil. His bad notoriety comes about only when he backs a neo-Nazi group and thereby forsakes his reputation.
Errol Morris knows what he is after in this film and mines it out of his resourceful subject. He has found a peculiar kind of individualist in Leuchter, someone who blindly thinks he knows what the truth is, who trusts that he couldn't be wrong if he believes something, thereby shutting off any other means of hearing the truth but through his own vanity. This hubris is a trait he shares with many idealogues, to a certain degree. But it is this mania that Leuchter has, that won't be shaken out of him, that makes him such a compelling study, someone who appears to be a sincere and mild-mannered man, but despite those characteristics, he turns out to be a most obstinate fellow, someone who is driven by his own egomania, willing to fight to his death for what he believes in.
He is a self-taught engineer by training, who found himself motivated by his sense of compassion for the need for more efficient and "humane" execution devices to be invented. He is a tiny, mousy, and loquacious man, someone who compulsively can't stop talking about what he does for a living, which lends a dismal sense of perverse comedy for half the film until his unchecked demeanor began to grate on me and he became overbearing. He is a lonely and sad soul, someone who craves acceptance, who is limited only by his lack of insight. It is not hard to think of him as a twerp, whose expertise in executions seems to be real enough but who otherwise is a strangely enigmatic man, someone whom it is not possible to really penetrate. He is someone who disturbingly can't think straight about things that most any child would have little trouble with, such as knowing the difference between what is right and wrong.
Who he is, can only be answered by what he does for a living. He is someone who improved the functioning of the modern electric chair, gave America a better electric chair helmet, built gas chambers in a more efficient manner, improved the techniques of the lethal injection by cutting down on human error, and built a better gallows for hangings by making a better trapdoor. In other words, like the Nazis who gave Germany more technical efficiency, he is the perfect imitation of them in spirit. Yet, he is someone who isn't even aware that he might be a Nazi, he has so desensitized himself of any sense of moral consciousness and responsibility for his actions. The filmmaker allows him to be viewed as he sees himself and how those who were involved with him see him, and the consensus is, that he is someone who craves the limelight - even if this attention results in the loss of his career.
I think that he had to know when he joined forces with a neo-Nazi group what he was doing and what kind of risky political stand he was taking, and that he would be considered part of that hate group of Holocaust deniers, that there could be no way he could continue to maintain that he is not an anti-Semite and be believed. Certainly not by Holocaust survivors, who are used in the film to tell what they think of him. To think otherwise, that he is just an innocent fool, would be to deny what is the obvious. Yet, he is presented as someone who was naively influenced by the limelight to do what he did and was not motivated by a political agenda.
Earl Morris makes documentaries about as good as anyone ever has, tackling subjects that others would shy away from (this being his seventh feature- some others are-Gates of Heaven/Fast, Cheap & Out of Control/The Thin Blue Line). His works are not mere biographies or Hollywood driven achievement celluloids, but poetics of the cinema that sing to our inner sense of being, that make us think about the life of the person on film in a way that we most likely wouldn't have thought about them if we had not seen what Morris saw and presented us with. His subjects are about those who are considered eccentric because they are not clones, or clichťs, or anything but unique individuals whose behavior is dictated by their very unusual personal obsessions, no matter what society might think of the strange path they have taken. This film is no exception and like the director's other works, it's a visual testament to the human spirit, warts and all.
Fred Leuchter Jr. is one of those ordinary looking people who is so driven by complexly different forces in him, that his tale is wracked with wonderment at how someone could be both a technical genius and such a damn fool. In an odd way, because of his individualism, he is even appealing, which makes this a very scary film--as ultimately, it is about how evil flourishes if it goes unanswered.
The career of Leuchter caught fire when there was a need for the consultant services he provided the prisons, as not many other engineers, for mainly moral reasons, wanted to be involved with the instruments of death. Also, he got most of the prison contracts because he offered prison officials good prices for his work. Prison officials didn't quite understand their equipment, which in most cases either was built by inmates or electricians who didn't have the know-how. In most prisons, the correct amount of currency it took to kill a prisoner without making the execution into a torture, was not common knowledge. As a result, he was esteemed in the community of penal corrections for his contributions in improving the efficiently of their instruments for capital punishment, that is, until everything came crashing down on him.
Leuchter is disarming when he is talking with love about the equipment he put together and how well it works, and how compassionate he is for those being executed, wishing only for them to have a good execution. He faces the camera with the crooked smile of a child who doesn't want you to think badly of him, even if you already know he has put his hand in the cookie jar and stolen the goods.
His downfall comes, when he is invited by a neo-Nazi group to give them scientific proof that the gas chambers weren't part of the Holocaust. He is to be an expert witness at a trial of one of the hate groups' propagandists, Ernst ZŁndel, who is on trial for violating Canada's law forbidding Holocaust denial and for spreading lies that can incite racial hatred, and by his writing of the Holocaust revisionist pamphlet entitled "Did Six Million Really Die?" He and his anti-Semite cronies enlist Leuchter to go to the concentration camps in Poland and gather evidence that the Holocaust didn't take place and for him to do their bidding for them to make their group look legitimate in the scientific community. For anyone in their right mind to believe such garbage, is beyond comprehension. For anyone to have done what Leuchter did and not be an anti-Semite himself is, in my opinion, very unlikely. But in the case of this very strange man, the viewers have a chance to decide for themselves what Leuchter is all about, after hearing him say he has not backed the neo-Nazi group because he is a bigot, but he did so because he believed they were scientifically right in denying the Holocaust.
As a result of the trial, Zundel is found guilty and Leuchter's forensic reports are found to be unscientific and inaccurate, filled with a multitude of things he never even evaluated and that the ones he evaluated were tested in the wrong way. The Dutch concentration camp historian, Robert Jan Van Pelt, is the real champion of truth in this film, as he goes into detail how ludicrous Leuchter's so-called research was and how evil it was for him to go into a place like Auschwitz and into a crematorium like the infamous number two, where 500,000 Holocaust victims died, and then have the gall to say that there was no gas chambers there, when it is evident he didn't know how to test for cyanide, being that it can only be tested from samples taken on the surface of the stones, since the gas can't penetrate further. Leuchter's tests were diluted too much by going into the depths of the walls, where it would be impossible to find traces of the gas. The historian also points out how Leuchter never checked the camp records which clearly showed documentations of gas chambers and ventilation systems.
Leuchter became not just a witness at the trial for neo-Nazis, which is bad enough, but he also went on the lecture circuit for these Holocaust denial revisionist groups, enjoying the neo-Nazi groups' affection and applause. His waitress wife didn't appreciate that he took her for her honeymoon to the concentration camps and she divorced him soon after their marriage. The prisons stopped hiring him, which he blames on Jewish groups putting the pressure on them. He also complains of being brought up on charges of falsifying his credentials by the state of Massachusetts. He is pictured as a man who is now walking on a lonely trail, as Van Pelt says, "a fool who has stepped in the Holy of Holies."
He's an earnest man, if nothing else, who says he drinks forty cups of coffee and smokes six packs of cigarettes a day. But he is as recalcitrant today as he was at the trial, failing to admit that he was wrong, even after it was conclusively shown that he had no clue how to test for cyanide and his refusal to understand that the concentration camps had undergone repeated changes since the days of the Holocaust, which had made his unauthorized tests of chopping up bricks inconclusive. All he could say as a rejoinder to his accusers, is that the execution by cyanide is too impractical a method of genocide: "Why didn't the Nazis just shoot them all?" The answer is simple, the Nazis lost track of what it was like to be a human being, and they were determined to use science to carry out their genocide in an impersonal way. To answer their critics that they were brutes, the Nazis did what he is doing now, spread the Big Lie that the Holocaust never took place.
This documentary offers one of the most pertinent looks at two highly charged emotional subjects: capital punishment and the Holocaust, which makes for a devastating comparison. What's also worth noting, is how acceptable and rational Leuchter is until the moment the neo-Nazis take hold of him. That should give one some food for thought about the American penal system and how it is used to punish offenders. A highly recommended film.
REVIEWED ON 4/20/2000 GRADE: A
Dennis Schwartz: "Ozus' World Movie Reviews"
http://www.sover.net/~ozus
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>© ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DENNIS SCHWARTZ
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Here is where I will add some of my projects that I have worked on in my career A job search application that is much like Indeed but better that I collaborated on.


pydoc.me is a shortcut service that will redirect you to official Python documentation by opinionated jumps using simple search terms in the URL. I have been using mdn.io for a while and wanted to have the same functionality when I was developing Python too. Try for example:
pydoc.me is opinionated in the sense that it will currently default to Python 3 documentation. If you want to jump directly to Python 2 docs, put a
/2/before your search term, like this:
pydoc.me is itself written in Python (3). The repo is here. It's (almost) ready for public contribution if you would like to change something about it. Pull requests highly welcome!


us.ihmc.euclid.geometry
Classes
BoundingBox2D
BoundingBox3D
Box3D
ConvexPolygon2D
Cylinder3D
Ellipsoid3D
Line2D
Line3D
LineSegment1D
LineSegment2D
LineSegment3D
Orientation2D
Plane3D
Pose2D
Pose3D
Ramp3D
Shape3D
Size3D
Sphere3D
Torus3D


Research Reports
While this website does not include an analysis of affordable housing in San Francisco, we’ve included links to reports that have:
- “All Cities Are Not Created Unequal,” Brookings Institution, February 2014. Article online. While not explicitly about affordable housing, this article links housing affordability with income inequality.
- “Analysis of Tenant Displacement in San Francisco,” Budget and Legislative Analyst, October 2013. Full report in PDF.
- “Housing Element of the General Plan,” City Planning, 2014 update. 3 part report available online.
- “Housing Work Group 2014: Findings and Recommendations,” City and County of San Francisco, Office of the Mayor. Full report in PDF.
- “How California’s Housing Market is Failing To Meet the Needs of Low Income Families”, California Housing Partnership Corporation, February 2014. Full report in PDF.
- “How San Francisco County’s Housing Market is Failing to Meet the Needs of Low-Income Families,” California Housing Partnership Corporation, February 2014. Full report in PDF.
- “Performance Audit of the San Francisco’s Affordable Housing Policies and Programs,” Budget and Legislative Analyst, January 2012. Full report in PDF.
- “Performance Audit of the San Francisco Housing Authority,” Budget and Legislative Analyst, June 2013. Full report in PDF.
- “San Francisco's Affordable Housing Affordability Gap,” Mayor’s Office of Housing and Community Development. Full powerpoint in PDF.
- ”SFHA Re-Envisioning: Recommendations to Mayor Ed Lee on how to transform the San Francisco Housing Authority,” Mayor’s Office of Housing and Community Development. Full report in PDF.
- “The Mayor’s Office of Housing: Under Pressure and Challenged to Preserve Diversity,” Civil Grand Jury June 2014. Full report in PDF.
Resource Links
At the bottom of each policy or program page, we listed a set of resources. Those same resources are combined below for easy reference:
| Policy/program | Resources |
|---|---|
| Affordable Housing Financing and Development | San Francisco’s Consolidated Plan, 2010-2014. |
| Homebuyer Assistance | List of loan assistance programs at MOHCD |
| Homeowner Assistance | Overview of loan and grant programs |
| Inclusionary Housing |
|
| Preference Programs | |
| Public Housing | |
| Rent Control | |
| Rental Subsidies |


To run tests
Install
devDependencies
$
npm install
Browser
: open the console
CLI
: run tests via
grunt aok
$
grunt aok
To edit tests
Edit
aok
tests in
index.js


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load i18n %} {% load url from future %} {% block body %}
{% blocktrans %}We help you search and find the right entity for your request.{% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans %}We help you write and send a proper request to the right address.{% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans %}We publish all requests along with the replies for others to explore.{% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans %}Every citizen has the right under the Freedom of Information Law to ask for and receive access to information from Public Bodies concerning public affairs.{% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans %}This site allows you to easily write a Freedom of Information request to a Public Body. The twist is that we publish all requests and replies so that others don't have to ask for the same information.{% endblocktrans %}


Escaped Link - Link to current circuit, without special characters that confuse forums.
Offline Copy - Html file containing Quirk and the current circuit.
Circuit JSON - Parsable representation of current circuit.
Simulation Data JSON - Output amplitudes, detector results, display data, etc.


For those who equip capability of creativity, exploration, problem solving, and life learning.
Learn More隨意瀏覽嗎？來看看我們用心準備的要聞吧！
From apartments and rooms to treehouses and boats: stay in unique spaces in 192 countries.
Renting out your unused space could pay your bills or fund your next vacation.
From Verified ID to our worldwide customer support team, we've got your back.
From Verified ID to our worldwide customer support team, we've got your back.
From Verified ID to our worldwide customer support team, we've got your back.
From Verified ID to our worldwide customer support team, we've got your back.


{{#contentFor "title"}}Privacy Policy{{/contentFor}} {{#contentFor "description"}}Privacy Policy{{/contentFor}} {{#contentFor "cssClass"}}policies{{/contentFor}}
NordicSoft operates the Express Template website, which provides the SERVICE.
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Our website uses these “cookies” to collection information and to improve our Service. You have the option to either accept or refuse these cookies, and know when a cookie is being sent to your computer. If you choose to refuse our cookies, you may not be able to use some portions of our Service.
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If you have any questions or suggestions about our Privacy Policy, do not hesitate to contact us.


Former Goldman Sachs executive to stand trial in Malaysia next year
KUALA LUMPUR (Reuters) - Former Goldman Sachs banker Roger Ng will face trial in Malaysia in April for allegedly abetting the sale of $6.5 billion in bonds tied to troubled state fund 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB), a judicial official said on Wednesday.
Malaysia had temporarily surrendered Ng for 10 months to the United States, where he has been charged for conspiring to launder money and bribe government officials in Malaysia and Abu Dhabi through bond offerings that Goldman Sachs Group Inc (GS.N) had handled.
Ng has pleaded not guilty to the charges in Malaysia and the United States.
Malaysia had requested that a trial start in April, as the 10-month period of U.S. custody agreed to by the countries would lapse in March, Deputy Public Prosecutor Zaki Asyraf Zubir told Reuters.
“Prosecution requested for the trial in April,” Zaki said in a text message.
Prosecutors have said that Goldman Sachs generated about $600 million in fees for its work with 1MDB, which included three bond offerings in 2012 and 2013 that raised $6.5 billion.
Ng, along with Tim Leissner, a former partner at Goldman Sachs in Asia, received large bonuses in connection with that revenue.
Malaysia has said it was seeking up to $7.5 billion in reparations from Goldman over its dealings with 1MDB, set up in 2009 by the then prime minister, Najib Razak.
Najib, who lost a general election last year, faces 42 criminal charges related to losses at 1MDB and other state entities. He has pleaded not guilty.
Goldman said last month it was in discussions with authorities on the possibility of a resolution of investigations relating to 1MDB.
Malaysia rejected an offer from Goldman of less than $2 billion in compensation over the scandal, Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad told the Financial Times last week.


Fast Fourier Transforms by using FFTW Ver.3.
Takeshi Horinouchi
(C) Takeshi Horinouchi / GFD Dennou Club,
2003
NO WARRANTY
- Uses NArray.
- Multi-dimensional complex FFT. (Real data are coerced to complex).
- Supports both double and single float transforms.
- Not normalized as in FFTW
- Sine / cosine transforms
- User choice of optimization levels (i.e., FFTW_MEASURE etc in
addition to FFTW_ESTIMATE).
- Multi-threaded FFT3 support -- don't know whether it's really feasible.
- Install FFTW Ver.3.
- NOTE:
To activate the single-float transform, you have to install FFTW3 with
the single-float compilation, in addition to the default double-float
version. This can be done by configuring FFTW3 with
the --enable-float option, and install it again. The single-float
version will coexist with the double-float version.
If you do not install the single-float version, FFT is always done
with the double precision, which is not bad if you are not time- and
memory-conscious.
- Install NArray.
Then, install this library as follows (replace "version" with
the actual version number):
% tar xvzf fftw3-version.tar.gz
% cd fftw3-version
% ruby extconf.rb
% make
% make site-install
Or
% make install
(If you are using Ruby 1.8, make install is the same make site-install.)
See the following peice of code. (Install this library and copy and
paste the following to the interactive shell irb).
require "numru/fftw3"
include NumRu
na = NArray.float(8,6) # float -> will be corced to complex
na[1,1]=1
# <example 1>
fc = FFTW3.fft(na, -1)/na.length # forward 2D FFT and normalization
nc = FFTW3.fft(fc, 1) # backward 2D FFT (complex) -->
nb = nc.real # should be equal to na except round errors
# <example 2>
fc = FFTW3.fft(na, -1, 0) / na.shape[0] # forward FFT with the first dim
# <example 3>
fc = FFTW3.fft(na, -1, 1) / na.shape[1] # forward FFT with the second dim
fft(narray, dir [,dim,dim,...])
-
Complex FFT.
The 3rd, 4th,... arguments are optional.
ARGUMENTS
- narray (NArray or NArray-compatible Array) : array to be
transformed. If real, coerced to complex before transformation.
If narray is single-precision and the single-precision
version of FFTW3 is installed (before installing this module),
this method does a single-precision transform.
Otherwise, a double-precision transform is used.
- dir (-1 or 1) : forward transform if -1; backward transform if 1.
- optional 3rd, 4th,... arguments (Integer) : Specifies dimensions
to apply FFT. For example, if 0, the first dimension is
transformed (1D FFT); If -1, the last dimension is used (1D FFT);
If 0,2,4, the first, third, and fifth dimensions
are transformed (3D FFT); If entirely omitted, ALL DIMENSIONS
ARE SUBJECT TO FFT, so 3D FFT is done with a 3D array.
RETURN VALUE
NOTE
- As in FFTW, return value is NOT normalized. Thus, a consecutive
forward and backward transform would multiply the size of
data used for transform. You can normalize, for example,
the forward transform FFTW.fft(narray, -1, 0, 1)
(FFT regarding the first (dim 0) & second (dim 1) dimensions) by
dividing with (narray.shape[0]*narray.shape[1]). Likewise,
the result of FFTW.fft(narray, -1) (FFT for all dimensions)
can be normalized by narray.length.


Our Domestic Violence Initiative (DVI) provides comprehensive support to women survivors of domestic violence and their children. The mothers are given access to the resources they need in order to build strong, economically independent families, empowering them to make significant and lasting changes in their lives and those of their children.
In 2014, we launched The Harry and Carol Goodman Transformation2 Program in collaboration with Sanctuary for Families, one of our partner agencies. By combining our strengths with Sanctuary, we can help more families achieve these goals over a shorter, more concentrated program period.
Sanctuary sponsors these women and puts them through their successful 4 month Economic Empowerment Program, where they learn basic 21st century skills needed to get a job. For an additional 11 months, we become their sponsor and help them focus on professional development in fields they are interested in and have the potential to be successful. Of Home, Family and Future solely funds and manages the grants during that period. We enable these working mothers to gain a more advanced entry point in a career which can lead to real economic independence. In addition to skills training, we provide these mothers the “extra” support needed to allow the transformation including: cell phones, computers, budgeting, credit counseling, and stipends for child care.
Click Here to view Success Stories


| Name | Hours | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| {{member.firstname + " " + member.lastname}} | {{member.totalHours}} | {{member.gradyear - 2000 }} |
| Name | Admin | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| {{member.firstname + " " + member.lastname }} {{member.username}} |
If there are any problems, email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or<EMAIL_ADDRESS>To delete a member, in the Admin Panel click the trashcan icon. Then, double click the SURE button. THIS CANNOT BE UNDONE! Resetting password also can be done in the admin panel. Also, for data security, Nick Iannarone and Chris Yoon (site owners) shouldn't be deleted.


Action Mailbox
Action Mailbox routes incoming emails to controller-like mailboxes for processing in Rails
. It ships with ingresses for Mailgun, Mandrill, Postmark, and SendGrid. You can also handle inbound mails directly via the built-in Exim, Postfix, and Qmail ingresses.
The inbound emails are turned into InboundEmail
records using Active Record and feature lifecycle tracking, storage of the original email on cloud storage via Active Storage, and responsible data handling with on-by-default incineration.
These inbound emails are routed asynchronously using Active Job to one or several dedicated mailboxes, which are capable of interacting directly with the rest of your domain model.
You can read more about Action Mailbox in the Action Mailbox Basics guide.
License
Action Mailbox is released under the MIT License.


EOS Layers
List of Pledges:
Search Pledges & Notes by URL
Search
Crypto Pledges
Status:
Unclaimed
> Verified > Pledges Claimed
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0
($0)
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Public Notes


José Rizal called for peaceful reform of Spain's colonial rule in the Philippines. After his 1896 execution, he became an icon for the nationalist movement.
Synopsis
José Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Philippines. While living in Europe, Rizal wrote about the discrimination that accompanied Spain's colonial rule of his country. He returned to the Philippines in 1892, but was exiled due to his desire for reform. Although he supported peaceful change, Rizal was convicted of sedition and executed on December 30, 1896, at age 35.
Early Life
On June 19, 1861, José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda was born in Calamba in the Philippines' Laguna Province. A brilliant student who became proficient in multiple languages, José Rizal studied medicine in Manila. In 1882, he traveled to Spain to complete his medical degree.
Writings and Reform
While in Europe, José Rizal became part of the Propaganda Movement, connecting with other Filipinos who wanted reform. He also wrote his first novel, Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not/The Social Cancer), a work that detailed the dark aspects of Spain's colonial rule in the Philippines, with particular focus on the role of Catholic friars. The book was banned in the Philippines, though copies were smuggled in. Because of this novel, Rizal's return to the Philippines in 1887 was cut short when he was targeted by police.
Rizal returned to Europe and continued to write, releasing his follow-up novel, El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed) in 1891. He also published articles in La Solidaridad, a paper aligned with the Propaganda Movement. The reforms Rizal advocated for did not include independence—he called for equal treatment of Filipinos, limiting the power of Spanish friars and representation for the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes (Spain's parliament)
Execution and Legacy
In 1895, Rizal asked for permission to travel to Cuba as an army doctor. His request was approved, but in August 1896, Katipunan, a nationalist Filipino society founded by Andres Bonifacio, revolted. Though he had no ties to the group, and disapproved of its violent methods, Rizal was arrested shortly thereafter.
People don't realize that victory is the child of struggle, that joy blossoms from suffering, and redemption is a product of sacrifice.
-Dr. Jose Rizal
Learn more about Dr. Jose Rizal


파티클과 파티클간의 충돌
이미지를 기반으로 구현
OpenGL을 통한 구현
Collisions between particles and objects have been studied and used. Parts that require large amounts of computation, such as collisions between particles and particles, are sometimes omitted in real-time rendering environments, such as games.
Currently, commercial game engines use a lot of methods to process collision between particles and objects through depth buffer. The method of projecting a three-dimensional image onto a two-dimensional image was adopted using the approach through Image, which is an advantage of this method.
The research project was implemented using OpenGL. The project goes through a two-step algorithm. The first step is to process the collision and update the particle position, speed, direction, etc. The second step is responsible for rendering the screen.


‘Run for safe childhood’ to be held today
by Staff ReporterA run for safe childhood to mark the 30th anniversary of the United Nations Conventions of the Right of the Child (UNCRC) will be held on Wednesday.
Kauser Edappagath, Principal District and Sessions Judge, will flag off the run covering a distance of 5 km at the entrance of the Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium, Kaloor, at 6 a.m. The run is being organised jointly by Childine Kochi, the District Legal Services Authority and the Kochi police.
It is aimed at making the public more responsive to the needs and issues faced by children at every stage of childhood, thus creating a child-friendly society.


Widgets are quite similar to Plugins in the way they are inserted into content, but they are a little more clever. They allow even your least experienced client or administrator to manage chunks of intelligent content on their site without needing to learn loads of tags, HTML or call you in to help.
Widget Areas can be defined (header, sidebar, blog page footers, etc) then Widget Instances can be added in. Available Widgets currently include HTML blocks, Twitter Feeds, RSS Feeds, Google Maps and Social Bookmarks. More will be included over time, and you can make your own very easily.
Widgets can be stored directly in the /addons/widgets folder /addons/widgets/widget_name or inside a module folder i.e. /addons/modules/module_name_/widgets/_widget_name
The main components of a widget are:
For example, lets say we want to create a widget called “awesome_sauce”. Our structure would be as such:
We will now explain each component in more detail:
Please take this opportunity to read through the code below and make note of the comments.
<?php if (!defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
class Widget_Awesome_sauce extends Widgets
{
// The widget title, this is displayed in the admin interface
public $title = 'Awesome Sauce';
//The widget description, this is also displayed in the admin interface. Keep it brief.
public $description = 'Display sauce that is awesome.';
//duh
public $author = 'Some Guy';
//duh
public $website = 'http://example.com/';
//current version of your widget
public $version = '1.0';
/**
* $fields array fore storing widget options in the database.
* values submited through the widget instance form are serialized and
* stored in the database.
*/
public $fields = array(
array(
'field' => 'field_name',
'label' => 'field_label',
'rules' => 'required'
)
);
/**
* the $options param is passed by the core Widget class. If you have
* stored options in the database, you must pass the paramater to access
* them.
*/
public function run($options)
{
if(empty($options['field_name']))
{
//return an array of data that will be parsed by views/display.php
return array('output' => '');
}
// Store the feed items
return array('output' => $options['html']);
}
/**
* form() is used to prepare/pass data to the widget admin form
* data returned from this method will be available to views/form.php
*/
public function form()
{
$stuff = $this->db->get_stuff();
return array('stuff' => $stuff);
}
}
/* End of file awesome_sauce.php */
If you have made it this far and have read the comments in the above code that should pretty much get you on the right path to creating your first widget. However I would like to point out one thing before moving on.
The widget class name should be in the following format: “Widget_Awesome_sauce” and must extend “Widgets” the core class.
Not much to be said here other than the view files should be partial views only. The views should not include html, body, head elements. The view files must also be named form.php and display.php respectively.
All you need to do for this to work is open up a theme layout or page layout and enter:
{pyro:widgets:area slug="sidebar"}


Select a San Francisco Zip Code:
94102
94103
94104
95105
95107
94108
94109
94110
94111
94112
94114
94115
94116
94117
94118
94121
94122
94123
94124
94127
94118
94121
94122
94123
94124
94127
Select a price level:
Any Price
$
$$
$$$
Select a day to shop:
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Select a time to shop:
Midnight
1:00am
2:00am
3:00am
4:00am
5:00am
6:00am
7:00am
8:00am
9:00am
10:00am
11:00am
Noon
1:00pm
2:00pm
3:00pm
4:00pm
5:00pm
6:00pm
7:00pm
8:00pm
9:00pm
10:00pm
11:00pm


When you want to buy any application from the Apple iTunes store you have more choices than you can handle. Most of the users scroll past the application description completely avoiding it like ads displayed on the right column of your webpage. Their choice is dependent on three important factors price, screenshot and reviews.
Last month Apple released the anticipated WatchKit Framework for developers in the form of iOS 8.2 beta SDK release. The WatchKit framework enable the developers to create Apple Watch applications. In this article we are going to focus on the basics of getting started with the WatchKit framework and developing apps for the Apple Watch.
Swift is a modern programming language developed by Apple to create the next generation of iOS and OSX applications. Swift is a fairly new language and still in development but it clearly reflects the intentions and the future direction. This article will revolve around the basic concepts in the Swift language and how you can get started.
iOS 7 framework introduced many new features which allowed the developers to create the next generation of applications. One of the most interesting feature is UIKit Dynamics framework. UIKit Dynamics allows the developer to create physics enabled effects which users can relate to the real world. In this article we are going to implement a notification banner control which utilizes the features provided by the UIKit Dynamics framework.
The tilt to scroll functionality has become an integral part of any text heavy application. The first time we got introduced to the tilt to scroll functionality was through the Instapaper application. In this article we will demonstrate how to implement this functionality using Core Motion API.
The number of ways that you can display a Twitter feed in your app is only limited by your imagination. In this article we will demonstrate how you can implement a flipping view which displays the tweets inside your app.


Introduction
Amazon has been also useful for the book covers analysis. Which is the most used language?
Which are the main themes on the covers? To answer this questions we analysed from a visual point of view the 99 book covers found from the two queries. 83 covers have been considered for Internet Addiction (green) and only 16 for Digital Addiction. The ones not considered are signed in red (see the image below).


| DOSE: |
200 mg |
oral |
DXM |
(liquid) |
T+0:00 - I drank 2/3 of a bottle of Life Brand Clear Cough Syrup mixed with orange juice. Works out to 200mg of DXM, with DXM being the only active ingredient in the syrup. I am sitting on my friend's front porch with him and one other friend, call them Ryan and Paul. Paul is 100% sober, and Ryan is a little drunk.
T+0:30 - I'm starting to feel a tingling sensation throughout my body. I can't help smiling at my two friends, who are talking computers and ethics. I tell them that I'm on my way up, and decide to try jumping up and down. I get up but can't jump - my feet just wouldn't leave the ground.
T+0:45 - We decide to go to another of our friend's house, to see if she is there with another of our friend's (Nina and Kai). I still wasn't feeling any mental effects, but things are starting to look wavy. We get in the car and as soon as Paul pulls onto the road, the street lights zoom through the windshield at me. I tell Paul and Ryan this, who laugh at me.
T+1:00 - We arrive at Nina's house. I am convinced the ride took days, instead of 15 minutes. I still don't notice any mental effects (or so I tell myself), but my vision is definitely not working right. I guess one of my eyes was wandering around, because I was seeing everything in double. Paul and Ryan start to get out of the car, and I become very paranoid. Everything hits me at once and I tell Paul to go get Nina (she Trips, I was sure she could help me).  They leave to go get Nina.
After what seems like at least 15 minutes, I realize where I am and manage to get back up on the seat. I opened the car door but heard animal's screaming, so I closed the door quickly and took a look out the windshield. Everything outside was moving (this was at about 10pm, so it was dark). I get very paranoid again and hide back under the dash for another 15 minutes. Finally I hear some human voices and poke my head up to see Paul and Ryan returning. Turns out they were only gone for about 5 minutes.  We decide to go to an ice-cream shop that is open late.
T+1:30 - We arrive at the ice-cream shop. The whole ride there I felt like I was coming down already, which didn't seem right. I got out of the car and my legs wouldn't work right. I felt VERY light and wobbly, and I had to pee really bad. Paul and Ryan go to get some ice cream, and I make my way to the bathroom.  The stripes on the walls are moving up and down, and there is a humming noise from a fan that makes everything vibrate.  Most of my bladder contents ended up on the floor/walls and I'm sure I might have hit the ceiling. When I'm done I leave the bathroom and go find Paul and Ryan. I tell them I'm tripping balls, but I'll be OK.
 By now I'm completely tripping. I spot my younger brother on a sidewalk and open the window. We were stuck behind a taxi, so I talked to my brother for a few seconds. For some reason seeing him made me feel a lot better.
T+3:00 - We drop Ryan off at his house. I feel like I'm coming down again. Paul and I decide to go try Nina's house again. We get there after about 15 minutes...and I'm paranoid again (something about Nina's house). I make Paul get out to go see if Nina and Kai are home yet. After what seems like an eternity, I gather up enough courage to get out of the car to see what's taking Paul so long. I find him at the front door, but still no Nina or Kai. We leave shortly again and decide to go back to my house, since I am (again) feeling better.
T+4:00 - We get back to my place. My entire family is still awake, but I manage to act at least somewhat sober. Paul and I go downstairs to watch TV with my brother. Paul and my brother start talking, but I'm feeling very dizzy and sick so I curl up on the end of the couch. Bloodsport comes on and we watch that.
T+6:00 - The movie is over, and Paul leaves. I'm still feeling EXTREMELY dizzy, but I can think straight now and vision is back to more or less normal. I go to sleep quickly.
T+12:00 - I wake up the next morning and feel OK, until I get out of bed. I'm still VERY dizzy. My head feels light. I eat a sparse breakfast. I have absolutely NO appetite, although I don't feel sick. I spend the day downstairs watching TV. Any time I stand up for more than 5 minutes I get really dizzy and have to sit down.
T+21:00 - I can only eat one slice of pizza for dinner; I still have no appetite. I retire to the basement again to lie down. I'm still incredibly dizzy.
T+25:00 - I go to bed. A few minutes after I close my eyes I begin having insane closed eye visuals. I can see what appears to be an ocean of small triangles. Waves of them wash through me, giving a fractal appearance. Hideous robotic forms appear and lunge at me. Each time one hits me, I feel a great pressure on my face. Eventually the visuals go away and I get to sleep.
T+36:00 - I wake up at 10am. I'm not too dizzy anymore, but my head is still really light.
If there is one thing this experience taught me, it's that DXM isn't for everyone. I thought 200mg was a small dose, but I was completely unprepared for it. My recovery the next day was not fun. A full two days later I was still seeing minor closed eye visuals as I tried to get to sleep. I won't be taking DXM again. The trip was fun...but it isn't worth the next few days.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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The hero Gotham deserves, but not the one it needs right now. So we’ll hunt him because he can take it. Because he’s not our hero. He’s a silent guardian. A watchful protector. A dark knight.
The hero Gotham deserves, but not the one it needs right now. So we’ll hunt him because he can take it. Because he’s not our hero. He’s a silent guardian. A watchful protector. A dark knight.


Twitter Users Slam JetBlue Employee for 'Sickening' Homeless Halloween Costume
Netizens blasted a JetBlue worker who dressed as a homeless person “trying to get back to Puerto Rico or Cuba” for “racist and highly offensive” imagery.
The JetBlue employee posted a photo showing her dressed as a homeless person wearing tattered and soiled clothing, with a homemade cardboard sign around her neck that read “Homeless. Need help trying to get back home to Puerto Rico or Cuba.”
“This was the costume of a JetBlue employee at the airport in Fort Lauderdale, FL,” Twitter user @nats2548 captioned a shot of the worker standing in the JetBlue terminal in the Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport. “I want to read your opinions.”
Netizens were enraged with such an act, and demanded that JetBlue fire the employee – or issue a public apology.
Several people said the costume was tone-deaf to survivors of Hurricane Maria, the worst natural disaster in Puerto Rican history which left over 3,000 people dead and thousands more homeless.
JetBlue, the largest airline carrier in Puerto Rico, apologized in a statement to the network and said “the situation was immediately addressed.”
“In the spirit of Halloween, our crew members are welcome to celebrate in costume, but one crewmember chose a costume that was clearly insensitive and not in line with our costume policy,” said Derek Dombrowski, manager of corporate communications at JetBlue.


With this you will have the possibility to convert different measures of temperature
To convert it in Fahrenheit
To convert it in Kelvin
To convert it in Celsius


Fit univariate non-linear scale mixture of skew-normal(NL-SMSN) regression.
| Version: | 0.0-4 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.10.0) |
| Published: | 2013-02-07 |
| Author: | Aldo Garay, Marcos Prates and Victor Lachos |
| Maintainer: | Marcos Prates <marcosop at est.ufmg.br> |
| License: | GPL (≥ 3.0) |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | ChangeLog |
| CRAN checks: | nlsmsn results |
| Reference manual: | nlsmsn.pdf |
| Package source: | nlsmsn_0.0-4.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: nlsmsn_0.0-4.zip, r-release: nlsmsn_0.0-4.zip, r-oldrel: nlsmsn_0.0-4.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: nlsmsn_0.0-4.tgz, r-oldrel: nlsmsn_0.0-4.tgz |
| Old sources: | nlsmsn archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nlsmsn to link to this page.