public class Transaction
extends java.lang.Object
A single Transaction may be used to protect operations for any number of Databases in a given environment. However, a single Transaction may not be used for operations in more than one distinct environment.
Transaction handles are free-threaded; transactions handles may be used
concurrently by multiple threads. Once the Transaction.abort
or Transaction.commit
method
is called, the handle may not be accessed again, regardless of the success
or failure of the method, with one exception: the abort
method may
be called any number of times to simplify error handling.
To obtain a transaction with default attributes:
Transaction txn = myEnvironment.beginTransaction(null, null);
To customize the attributes of a transaction:
TransactionConfig config = new TransactionConfig(); config.setReadUncommitted(true); Transaction txn = myEnvironment.beginTransaction(null, config);
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
static class |
Transaction.State
The current state of the transaction.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
abort()
Cause an abnormal termination of the transaction.
|
void |
commit()
End the transaction.
|
void |
commit(Durability durability)
End the transaction using the specified durability requirements.
|
void |
commitNoSync()
End the transaction, not writing to stable storage and not committing
synchronously.
|
void |
commitSync()
End the transaction, writing to stable storage and committing
synchronously.
|
void |
commitWriteNoSync()
End the transaction, writing to stable storage but not committing
synchronously.
|
CommitToken |
getCommitToken()
This method is intended for use with a replicated environment.
|
long |
getId()
Return the transaction's unique ID.
|
long |
getLockTimeout(java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)
Returns the lock request timeout value for the transaction.
|
java.lang.String |
getName()
Get the user visible name for the transaction.
|
Transaction.State |
getState()
Returns the current state of the transaction.
|
long |
getTxnTimeout(java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)
Returns the timeout value for the transaction lifetime.
|
boolean |
isValid()
Returns whether this
Transaction is open, which is equivalent
to when getState() returns Transaction.State.OPEN . |
void |
setLockTimeout(long timeOut)
Deprecated.
as of 4.0, replaced by
setLockTimeout(long,
TimeUnit) . |
void |
setLockTimeout(long timeOut,
java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)
Configures the lock request timeout value for the transaction.
|
void |
setName(java.lang.String name)
Set the user visible name for the transaction.
|
void |
setTxnTimeout(long timeOut)
Deprecated.
as of 4.0, replaced by
setTxnTimeout(long,
TimeUnit) . |
void |
setTxnTimeout(long timeOut,
java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)
Configures the timeout value for the transaction lifetime.
|
java.lang.String |
toString() |
public void abort() throws DatabaseException
The log is played backward, and any necessary undo operations are done. Before Transaction.abort returns, any locks held by the transaction will have been released.
In the case of nested transactions, aborting a parent transaction causes all children (unresolved or not) of the parent transaction to be aborted.
All cursors opened within the transaction must be closed before the transaction is aborted.
After this method has been called, regardless of its return, the
Transaction
handle may not be accessed again, with one
exception: the abort
method itself may be called any number of
times to simplify error handling.
WARNING: To guard against memory leaks, the application should discard all references to the closed handle. While BDB makes an effort to discard references from closed objects to the allocated memory for an environment, this behavior is not guaranteed. The safe course of action for an application is to discard all references to closed BDB objects.
EnvironmentFailureException
- if an unexpected, internal or
environment-wide failure occurs.java.lang.IllegalStateException
- if the environment has been closed, or
cursors associated with the transaction are still open.DatabaseException
public long getId()
public CommitToken getCommitToken() throws java.lang.IllegalStateException
It returns the commitToken associated with a successful replicated commit. A null value is returned if the txn was not associated with a replicated environment, or the txn did not result in any changes to the environment. This method should only be called after the transaction has finished.
This method is typically used in conjunction with the
CommitPointConsistencyPolicy
.
java.lang.IllegalStateException
- if the method is called before the
transaction has committed or aborted.CommitPointConsistencyPolicy
public void commit() throws DatabaseException
If the environment is not configured for synchronous commit, the commit will not necessarily have been committed to stable storage before the call returns. This means the transaction will exhibit the ACI (atomicity, consistency, and isolation) properties, but not D (durability); that is, database integrity will be maintained, but it is possible this transaction may be undone during recovery.
All cursors opened within the transaction must be closed before the transaction is committed.
If the method encounters an error, the transaction will have been aborted when the call returns.
After this method has been called, regardless of its return, the
Transaction
handle may not be accessed again, with one
exception: the abort
method may be called any number of times
to simplify error handling.
WARNING: To guard against memory leaks, the application should discard all references to the closed handle. While BDB makes an effort to discard references from closed objects to the allocated memory for an environment, this behavior is not guaranteed. The safe course of action for an application is to discard all references to closed BDB objects.
InsufficientReplicasException
- if the master
in a replicated environment could not contact a quorum of replicas as
determined by the Durability.ReplicaAckPolicy
.InsufficientAcksException
- if the master in
a replicated environment did not receive enough replica acknowledgments,
although the commit succeeded locally.ReplicaWriteException
- if a write operation
was performed with this transaction, but this node is now a Replica.OperationFailureException
- if this exception occurred earlier and
caused the transaction to be invalidated.EnvironmentFailureException
- if an unexpected, internal or
environment-wide failure occurs.java.lang.IllegalStateException
- if the transaction or environment has been
closed, or cursors associated with the transaction are still open.DatabaseException
public void commit(Durability durability) throws DatabaseException
Durability
for specific exceptions that could result when the
durability requirements cannot be satisfied.
All cursors opened within the transaction must be closed before the transaction is committed.
If the method encounters an error, the transaction will have been aborted when the call returns.
After this method has been called, regardless of its return, the
Transaction
handle may not be accessed again, with one
exception: the abort
method may be called any number of times
to simplify error handling.
WARNING: To guard against memory leaks, the application should discard all references to the closed handle. While BDB makes an effort to discard references from closed objects to the allocated memory for an environment, this behavior is not guaranteed. The safe course of action for an application is to discard all references to closed BDB objects.
durability
- the durability requirements for this transactionInsufficientReplicasException
- if the master
in a replicated environment could not contact enough replicas to
initiate the commit.InsufficientAcksException
- if the master in
a replicated environment did not receive enough replica acknowledgments,
althought the commit succeeded locally.ReplicaWriteException
- if a write operation
was performed with this transaction, but this node is now a Replica.OperationFailureException
- if this exception occurred earlier and
caused the transaction to be invalidated.EnvironmentFailureException
- if an unexpected, internal or
environment-wide failure occurs.java.lang.IllegalStateException
- if the transaction or environment has been
closed, or cursors associated with the transaction are still open.java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if an invalid parameter is specified.DatabaseException
public void commitSync() throws DatabaseException
This behavior is the default for database environments unless
otherwise configured using the EnvironmentConfig.setTxnNoSync
method. This behavior may also be set
for a single transaction using the Environment.beginTransaction
method. Any value specified to this
method overrides both of those settings.
All cursors opened within the transaction must be closed before the transaction is committed.
If the method encounters an error, the transaction will have been aborted when the call returns.
After this method has been called, regardless of its return, the
Transaction
handle may not be accessed again, with one
exception: the abort
method may be called any number of times
to simplify error handling.
WARNING: To guard against memory leaks, the application should discard all references to the closed handle. While BDB makes an effort to discard references from closed objects to the allocated memory for an environment, this behavior is not guaranteed. The safe course of action for an application is to discard all references to closed BDB objects.
InsufficientReplicasException
- if the master
in a replicated environment could not contact enough replicas to
initiate the commit.InsufficientAcksException
- if the master in
a replicated environment did not receive enough replica acknowledgments,
althought the commit succeeded locally.ReplicaWriteException
- if a write operation
was performed with this transaction, but this node is now a Replica.OperationFailureException
- if this exception occurred earlier and
caused the transaction to be invalidated.EnvironmentFailureException
- if an unexpected, internal or
environment-wide failure occurs.java.lang.IllegalStateException
- if the transaction or environment has been
closed, or cursors associated with the transaction are still open.DatabaseException
public void commitNoSync() throws DatabaseException
This behavior may be set for a database environment using the EnvironmentConfig.setTxnNoSync
method or for a single transaction using
the Environment.beginTransaction
method. Any value specified to this
method overrides both of those settings.
All cursors opened within the transaction must be closed before the transaction is committed.
If the method encounters an error, the transaction will have been aborted when the call returns.
After this method has been called, regardless of its return, the
Transaction
handle may not be accessed again, with one
exception: the abort
method may be called any number of times
to simplify error handling.
WARNING: To guard against memory leaks, the application should discard all references to the closed handle. While BDB makes an effort to discard references from closed objects to the allocated memory for an environment, this behavior is not guaranteed. The safe course of action for an application is to discard all references to closed BDB objects.
InsufficientReplicasException
- if the master
in a replicated environment could not contact enough replicas to
initiate the commit.InsufficientAcksException
- if the master in
a replicated environment did not receive enough replica acknowledgments,
althought the commit succeeded locally.ReplicaWriteException
- if a write operation
was performed with this transaction, but this node is now a Replica.OperationFailureException
- if this exception occurred earlier and
caused the transaction to be invalidated.EnvironmentFailureException
- if an unexpected, internal or
environment-wide failure occurs.java.lang.IllegalStateException
- if the transaction or environment has been
closed, or cursors associated with the transaction are still open.DatabaseException
public void commitWriteNoSync() throws DatabaseException
This behavior is the default for database environments unless
otherwise configured using the EnvironmentConfig.setTxnNoSync
method. This behavior may also be set
for a single transaction using the Environment.beginTransaction
method. Any value specified to this
method overrides both of those settings.
All cursors opened within the transaction must be closed before the transaction is committed.
If the method encounters an error, the transaction will have been aborted when the call returns.
After this method has been called, regardless of its return, the
Transaction
handle may not be accessed again, with one
exception: the abort
method may be called any number of times
to simplify error handling.
WARNING: To guard against memory leaks, the application should discard all references to the closed handle. While BDB makes an effort to discard references from closed objects to the allocated memory for an environment, this behavior is not guaranteed. The safe course of action for an application is to discard all references to closed BDB objects.
InsufficientReplicasException
- if the master
in a replicated environment could not contact enough replicas to
initiate the commit.InsufficientAcksException
- if the master in
a replicated environment did not receive enough replica acknowledgments,
althought the commit succeeded locally.ReplicaWriteException
- if a write operation
was performed with this transaction, but this node is now a Replica.OperationFailureException
- if this exception occurred earlier and
caused the transaction to be invalidated.EnvironmentFailureException
- if an unexpected, internal or
environment-wide failure occurs.java.lang.IllegalStateException
- if the transaction or environment has been
closed, or cursors associated with the transaction are still open.DatabaseException
public long getTxnTimeout(java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit) throws EnvironmentFailureException, java.lang.IllegalStateException, java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
If setTxnTimeout(long,TimeUnit)
has not been called to
configure the timeout, the environment configuration value (EnvironmentConfig.TXN_TIMEOUT
)is returned.
unit
- the TimeUnit
of the returned value. May not be null.EnvironmentFailureException
- if an unexpected, internal or
environment-wide failure occurs.java.lang.IllegalStateException
- if the transaction or environment has been
closed.java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if the unit is null.public void setTxnTimeout(long timeOut, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit) throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException, DatabaseException
If the transaction runs longer than this time, an operation using the
transaction may throw TransactionTimeoutException
. The
transaction timeout is checked when locking a record, as part of a read
or write operation.
A value of zero (which is the default) disables timeouts for the
transaction, meaning that no limit on the duration of the transaction is
enforced. Note that the setLockTimeout(long, TimeUnit)
lock
timeout} is independent of the transaction timeout, and the lock timeout
should not normally be set to zero.
timeOut
- The timeout value for the transaction lifetime, or zero
to disable transaction timeouts.unit
- the TimeUnit
of the timeOut value. May be null only
if timeOut is zero.EnvironmentFailureException
- if an unexpected, internal or
environment-wide failure occurs.java.lang.IllegalStateException
- if the transaction or environment has been
closed.java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if timeOut or unit is invalid.DatabaseException
public void setTxnTimeout(long timeOut) throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException, DatabaseException
setTxnTimeout(long,
TimeUnit)
.setTxnTimeout(long, TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS);
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
DatabaseException
public long getLockTimeout(java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit) throws EnvironmentFailureException, java.lang.IllegalStateException, java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
If setLockTimeout(long,TimeUnit)
has not been called to
configure the timeout, the environment configuration value (EnvironmentConfig.LOCK_TIMEOUT
) is returned.
unit
- the TimeUnit
of the returned value. May not be null.EnvironmentFailureException
- if an unexpected, internal or
environment-wide failure occurs.java.lang.IllegalStateException
- if the transaction or environment has been
closed.java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if the unit is null.public void setLockTimeout(long timeOut, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit) throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException, DatabaseException
default lock timeout
.
A value of zero disables lock timeouts. This is not recommended, even when the application expects that deadlocks will not occur or will be easily resolved. A lock timeout is a fall-back that guards against unexpected "live lock", unresponsive threads, or application failure to close a cursor or to commit or abort a transaction.
timeOut
- The lock timeout for all transactional and
non-transactional operations, or zero to disable lock timeouts.unit
- the TimeUnit
of the timeOut value. May be null only
if timeOut is zero.EnvironmentFailureException
- if an unexpected, internal or
environment-wide failure occurs.java.lang.IllegalStateException
- if the transaction or environment has been
closed.java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if timeOut or unit is invalid.DatabaseException
public void setLockTimeout(long timeOut) throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException, DatabaseException
setLockTimeout(long,
TimeUnit)
.setLockTimeout(long, TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS);
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
DatabaseException
public void setName(java.lang.String name)
name
- The user visible name for the transaction.public java.lang.String getName()
public java.lang.String toString()
toString
in class java.lang.Object
public boolean isValid()
Transaction
is open, which is equivalent
to when getState()
returns Transaction.State.OPEN
. See Transaction.State.OPEN
for more
information.
When an OperationFailureException
, or one of its subclasses,
is caught, the isValid
method may be called to determine whether
the Transaction
can continue to be used, or should be
aborted.
public Transaction.State getState()
Copyright (c) 2002, 2017 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


g
d
home
about
gallery
the story
the wedding
blog
page
rsvp
save
the date
- 27 . 11 . 98 -
*** we are getting married ***
the wedding
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
get direction
gift list
accomodation


It implements the CARS procedure, which is a two-sample multiple testing procedure that utilizes an additional auxiliary variable to capture the sparsity information, hence improving power. The CARS procedure is shown to be asymptotically valid and optimal for FDR control. For more information, please see the website <http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~wenguans/Papers/CARS.html> and the accompanying paper.
| Version: | 0.2.1 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.2.2) |
| Imports: | np, stats |
| Suggests: | knitr, rmarkdown |
| Published: | 2018-11-20 |
| Author: | Weinan Wang [cre, aut] |
| Maintainer: | Weinan Wang <weinanw at usc.edu> |
| License: | MIT + file LICENSE |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | CARS results |
| Reference manual: | CARS.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Vignette Title |
| Package source: | CARS_0.2.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: CARS_0.2.1.zip, r-release: CARS_0.2.1.zip, r-oldrel: CARS_0.2.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: CARS_0.2.1.tgz, r-oldrel: CARS_0.2.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | CARS archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=CARS to link to this page.


abstract class ReadChannelContent : OutgoingContent
Variant of a OutgoingContent with payload read from ByteReadChannel
ReadChannelContent()
Variant of a OutgoingContent with payload read from ByteReadChannel |
open val headers: ValuesMap
Headers to set when sending this content |
|
open val status: HttpStatusCode?
Status code to set when sending this content |
abstract fun readFrom(): ByteReadChannel
Provides ByteReadChannel for the content open fun readFrom(range: LongRange): ByteReadChannel
Provides ByteReadChannel for the given range of the content |


NAACL 2022: Does Summary Evaluation Survive Translation?
I recently presented a paper at the NAACL 2022 conference for work conducted with my colleagues at Primer in collaboration with Technische Universität Berlin. At Primer, summarization is a core task that our platform performs daily, but summarization evaluation is quite challenging even in English. Since we are often presented with data from many languages, we explored whether summarization datasets could remain useful under translation, as resources for non-English languages are far less plentiful. I’ll outline some of the methods and findings of our research below.
Motivation
As I already hinted, it would be extremely useful if we could reuse English summarization datasets to evaluate similar models in other languages. Summary evaluation is a difficult task and has developed into a large field of its own. Typically we require a large dataset with reference texts, human and machine written summaries, and human evaluations of those summaries. It would be quite costly to perform the same data collection in many other languages. If we can simply reuse the texts and evaluations, advances in summarization could proliferate more quickly, especially to lower resource languages.
As a related question we might also ask: “how do we compare the performance of translation and summary evaluation?” Understanding the weaknesses of each technology can help focus efforts of future research.
Why is this problem difficult? For one, machine translation is far from perfect and the distortions it might introduce are not uniform across the texts. Translation may correct and simplify some texts, introduce errors into others, and push components of text quality like fluency, coherence, consistency, and relevance in different directions. Despite these known issues, the translation quality may still be high enough to maintain the usefulness of summarization datasets.
Approach
Dataset
To try to answer these questions, we focused on the SummEval dataset, which consists of 100 texts, each with 11 human written reference summaries and 17 machine generated summaries.
We fed all texts and summaries through Helsinki NLP Opus translation models, freely available on the HuggingFace model hub. Ultimately this produced 7 non-English copies of the dataset in French, German, Italian, Spanish, Afrikaans, Hindi, and Russian, languages chosen for their diversity in origins and relationships to English.
Evaluation Measures
We also explored a number of automated evaluation measures that lend themselves to multi-lingual tasks.
Reference free measures do not rely on the human written reference summaries and only require the reference text and machine generated summary. From this category, we experimented with Jensen-Shannon, ESTIME, and BLANC.
Reference-based measures rely on the overlap between the reference summaries and machine generated summaries. From this category we considered BLEU, BERTScore, and ROUGE 1,2, and L.
Results
Correlations
We first considered simple rank correlations between human and automated evaluations in English. The human experts evaluated summaries along four dimensions of quality: coherence, consistency, fluency, and relevance.
Generally correlations were low, though some automated measures stand out along particular lines of quality. We can see ESTIME, Jensen-Shannon, and BERTScore each excel in particular qualities, but none is dominant across all qualities. Despite the low correlations, these automated measures remain the standard for summary evaluation, and some research suggests that human evaluations are not an unblemished gold standard.
If instead we consider the correlations between an automated evaluation measure in English versus another language, we find much stronger correlations, especially in German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Afrikaans.
This result hints that translation may introduce less noise than already exists when comparing human and automated summary evaluations. To test this hypothesis more rigorously, we sought statistical tests to verify that correlations between expert scores and automated measures remain invariant under translation.
Statistical Tests
Statistical significance provides a quantitative criterion for whether an automated measure has “survived” translation. Even if automated measures are not perfect proxies for human judgment, we may consider them useful under translation if they score summaries in a consistent manner.
While traditional significance tests are meant to detect a difference between test statistics, we instead want to detect a lack of difference. We turn to equivalence testing, a testing paradigm that reverses traditional null and alternative hypotheses. The Two One Sided Tests, or TOST, method of equivalence testing requires setting a margin of equivalence, here $\Delta_E$, within which correlations are considered the same.
$$ H_0: \rho_1 - \rho_2 < -\Delta_E \text{ or } \rho_1 - \rho_2 > \Delta_E $$ $$ H_1: -\Delta_E < \rho_1 - \rho_2 < \Delta_E $$
When the absolute difference between two correlations lies within this margin, it is evidence for the alternative hypothesis. Unfortunately this presents a parameter that must be chosen by the experimenter, and we explore the impact of the margin choice on our conclusions.
We explored a range of equivalence margins to understand its impact on the significance of our results. We find that the choice of margin is indeed quite impactful on the number of equivalent results found. We focus on results using a margin tailored to each measure of quality, calculated as the standard deviation over measure-expert correlations. Below are the results of the signficance tests using the standard deviation margin. The blue squares indicate a significant result of equivalence while the red outlines indicate the result remained significant after the multiple testing correction.
We find that the languages that are closer to English are more likely to preserve the relationship between automatic and human evaluation. Fluency and consistency appear more difficult to maintain under translation than coherence or relevance.
Qualitative Evaluation
We employ round trip translation to isolate the effects of translation noise, in which we translate the data to another language and then translate it again back to English.By returning each text to English, the performance of the summary evaluations should not be affected by language.
Therefore to isolate the effects of translation, we consider the shift in probability that one measure is better than another in bootstrapped samples under translation and round-trip translation.
Under forward translation, we see greater shifts in probability than when we return the text back to English. This is visually represented by the points that lie under the y=x line in the figure below.
While the shifts for round-trip translations are on average smaller, they demonstrate that translation is far from perfect and introduces enough noise to be detected by the summarization evaluation measures. This analysis serves as a tool for quantitatively disentangling the effect of performing the evaluation in another language and the noise introduced by translation models.
Conclusions
We found that translation can preserve automatic evaluation measures along certain dimensions of summary quality, though there are clear differences in performance based on the choice of target language, automated measure, and notion of quality.
There is a lot of potential for future work to expand the utility of equivalence testing and probe the determinants of evaluation survival under translations. Our methods could also easily be extended beyond summarization evaluation. English is still a far more resourced language in NLP, and we present essential tools for accelerating their proliferation to other languages.
If interested, I invite you to read the full paper and review the code linked above.


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Collaboration with Vytautas Niedvaras A Musical performance that uses embodied technologies. We've made a set of sensory smart gloves that will track the movement of the performer's hands along with the relative position of their fingers, we can use this data to detect different types of motion and gestures expressed. When used in conjunction, the performer is able to control the sound output. We're also controlling a TENS muscle stimulator that's attached to the performer, overriding the control of movement when a current is imposed
Footage from self-curated performance evening: Goldsmiths Event PageUsing objects in a simple playground to represent different colour spaces, starting off with XYZ to RGB conversions showing pure green, yellow and cyan. I then wrote an XYZ to CIE LAB function, displaying a spectrum between red and purple. CIELAB colour spaces are capable of producing perceptually linear colour spaces in three dimensions, allowing for nicer gradients and colour schemes
Hardware Hackathon at Google campus. A prototype for a smart watch which communicates with multiple vibration motors. We got by with a lot of improvisation and experimentation and managed to produce our first working model over the weekend.
More prototype photosFrom here we went on to build a first prototype to pitch to potential supporters. We've gained interest from our university careers service who have entered us into the Goldsmiths Innovation Awards. With this we hope to move onto building marketable prototypes as the next stage to try bringing Vibrace into commerce
Work in progress for what's ultimately planned to be an interactive fluid system in the form of a game. Built in openFrameworks. First release on GitHub
First university group project. As a team of five we built musical instrument app based on the flocking algorithm. Our collective programming experience was close to nothing but we learned a lot over the two months working together.
pHloc() web app (Recommended use with touchscreen)FRUITS!
antisocial.club
Demo video of one of my 1st year mini projects named subMediant, a simplified web based sequencer that worked with audio samples recorded by the user. My first experience building a web application with Javascript libraries
William Primett
Currently studying Creative Computing at Goldsmiths, University of London. Immersing myself interactive digital art, animation, sound programming and innovative design
Contact:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>GitHub


Vietnam's air condition
How polluted is Vietnam's air in the world?
Vietnam stands at position 21st among the most 100 air-polluted countries in 2020.
How polluted is Vietnam's air in ASEAN?
Vietnam stands at position 3rd among ASEAN countries in terms of AQI in 2020.
AQI of some cities in Vietnam
Most cities in Vietnam belongs to moderate and unhealthy groups.
Why is it the case?
Is it due to the reduction of forest area? No! The forest area is still increasing.
Why is it the case?
However, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) is still increasing.
Why is it the case?
The only reason is from the human activity. Below is the chart for the amount of CO2 emission from three sources: oil (red), gas (blue), coal (green).
Vietnam releases at least 10 million tons of CO2 each year. Not surprisingly, coal emits the most amount of CO2 for it is used to produce electricity and gasoline.
What are possible solutions?
The only solution is to less depend on fossil fuel products. For individuals, this can be:
Using public transports.
Utilize solar and other renewable energy.
Using environmental-friendly fuels (such as bilogical fuels).
What are possible solutions?
For government, this can be:
Research and discover more efficient energy sources.
Improve transport systems and infrastructures.
Implement environmental taxes.
This project is a small project conducted by a group of students from the International University, so it is not funded by any organizations.
Full source for this project is published here


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Conversion of a logistic regression into C#
Measure ONNX runtime performances#
Profile the execution of a runtime#
Grid search ONNX models#
Merges benchmarks#
Speed up scikit-learn inference with ONNX#
Benchmark Random Forests, Tree Ensemble#
Compares numba, numpy, onnxruntime for simple functions#
Compares implementations of Add#
Compares implementations of ReduceMax#
Compares implementations of ReduceSumSquare#
Compares implementations of ReduceMean#
Compares implementations of Tranpose#
When to parallelize?#
Compares implementations of ReduceSum#
Compares implementations of Where#
Compares implementations of Einsum#
TopK benchmark#
Benchmark Linear Regression#
Benchmark Random Forests, Tree Ensemble, (AoS and SoA)#
Benchmark Random Forests, Tree Ensemble, Multi-Classification#
TreeEnsembleRegressor and parallelisation#
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The TripIt engineering team has built several language bindings to ease the development of client applications. The bindings all provide an interface to all of the TripIt API endpoints and data object types along with a full OAuth Consumer implementation. No additional code needs to be downloaded to begin interacting with the TripIt API.
Sign up for a developer key here: http://www.tripit.com/developer
The TripIt API support group is hosted on GitHub and can be found here: https://github.com/tripit/api/issues
Looking for the Concur Connect APIs from TripIt's parent company? Check out: https://developer.concur.com/


Active CTF Competitor
RPISEC plays both competitively and casually in a number of computer security CTFs throughout the school year, typically placing among the top teams in the world.
Weekly Meetings
We host meetings and events on a weekly basis led by fellow students to teach a wide variety of practical computer security skills that translate directly to the real world.
Educational Resources
We work to obtain educational resources necessary for our members to explore computer security and help connect them with both internships and full time job opportunities.


"""
N = X["ts"].shape[0]
//W = X.shape[1]
D = X["ts"].shape[2]
Nuv = len(features)
fts = np.zeros((N, Nuv * D))
"""
N = X["ts"].shape[0]
Xt = np.atleast_3d(X["ts"])
// computed features
fts = [features[i](Xt) for i in range(len(features))]
// static features
s_fts = [np.full(N,X[s]) for s in X.dtype.names if s!= "ts"]


The project's setup is largely based on the official angular2 application seed.
Running the finished project:
git clone git@github.com:kucharskimaciej/dm-ng-value-accessor.git
npm install
npm run build
npm start


This sample shows to how assign multiple rows colors to a table, regardless of the number of rows in the table.
It is done by first creating the classes that set different background colors.
Then use the Spry Element Selector to assign the classes to the correct row numbers. Read more about nth-child at http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/CR-css3-selectors-20011113/#nth-child-pseudo
This sample has more examples of setting up alternating row colors.
The formula for 'x' number of row colors is:
Spry.$$("table tr:nth-child(xn+(x+1)").addClassName("className");
| Number | Number |
|---|---|
| 1 | one |
| 2 | two |
| 3 | three |
| 4 | four |
| Name | Category |
|---|---|
| {name} | {category} |


E-mail: freewebsitetemplates.com/forum
Call or e-mail us for help with any aspect of your purchase, online or offline.
Petshop
250 Lorem ipsum Street
4th Floor
Jaofanr, Caknan 109935
Kiangab


Bookies pay £100,000 to gambler they 'failed to protect' during betting spree
Lawyers for the gambler argued the bookies had breached the Gambling Commission's social responsibility code
by James PedestaA bookmakers accused of failing to protect a 'vulnerable' gambler during a betting spree has agreed to pay him more than £100,000.
The high street bookies settled out of court with the 32 -year-old man who lost more than £134,000 playing roulette and blackjack online over an eight year period.
His lawyers argued the bookies had breached the Gambling Commission's social responsibility code by allowing the regular customer to continue betting, despite him showing 'very obvious signs of problem gambling'.
The customer, who like the bookmakers cannot be named under the terms of the agreement except to say he was based in the south of England, ended up in a lot of debt by borrowing money from family and friends.
His lawyers were able to recoup 89 per cent of the punter's losses, securing a six figure payout, before the case went to the High Court.
Henrietta Dunkley, of the Ellis Jones solicitors who acted in the case, said the gambler made numerous smaller deposits which added up to thousands of pounds each day.
She said: "Our client had been gambling for eight years with a number of different providers but we were able to secure a settlement with this one as they had acted particularly badly.
"It should have been apparent quite early on there was an issue as he was making lots of little deposits adding up to thousands of pounds each day.
"He had shown very obvious signs of problem gambling for a considerable amount of time and was spending far beyond his means, losing well in excess of £100,000.
"But instead of referring him to the Responsible Gambling team they ignored the red flags and let him carry on.
"We were able to persuasively argue that there had been clear failings by the betting operator.
"The firm had failed to protect him as a vulnerable customer and therefore breached a number of obligations set out within the Gambling Commission's Social Responsibility Code."
Paul Kanolik, a partner in the firm's betting disputes team, argued the legal outcome underlined how customers should be given more protection by betting firms.
He said: "This fantastic result is reflective of a much wider recognition by the Gambling Commission and other organisations that more protection is needed for gambling customers, particularly those that display obvious signs of problem gambling."


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%configFileContents%


public class Turtle
extends java.lang.Object
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static double |
RADIUS |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Turtle(World w)
Constructs a turtle and places it at the center of the world.
|
Turtle(World w,
int x,
int y)
Constructs a turtle and places it at the specified position
in the world.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
disablePath()
Disables drawing of the path when the turtle moves.
|
double |
distanceTo(int x,
int y)
Calculates the Euclidean distance between
a turtle and a given other point.
|
void |
enablePath()
Enables drawing of the path when the turtle moves.
|
java.awt.Color |
getColor()
Returns the main
Color of the turtle (used to draw its body). |
int |
getDirection()
Returns the direction of the turtle in degrees.
|
java.awt.Color |
getLimbColor()
Returns the
Color of the turtle's limbs (head and legs). |
double |
getRadius()
Returns the radius corresponding to the current scaling factor
of the turtle.
|
double |
getSize()
Returns the scaling factor for the turtle where 1.0
is the default size and 2.0 is double the default size
and 0.5 is half the default size.
|
World |
getWorld()
Returns the
World associated with this turtle. |
int |
getXPos()
Returns the x-coordinate of the turtle.
|
int |
getYPos()
Returns the y-coordinate of the turtle.
|
boolean |
isPathEnabled()
Returns
true if path drawing is enabled and false if it's disabled. |
boolean |
isVisible()
Returns
true if the turtle is visible and false if it's invisible. |
void |
move(int step)
Moves the turtle along its current direction by
an integer step-size.
|
void |
moveTo(int x,
int y)
Repositions the turtle to the given x- and y-coordinates.
|
void |
setColor(int red,
int green,
int blue)
Sets the color of the turtle to the specified RGB color.
|
void |
setDirection(int direction)
Sets the direction of the tutle in degrees.
|
void |
setRadius(double radius)
Set the scaling factor corresponding to the specified radius.
|
void |
setSize(double size)
Sets the scaling factor for the turtle where 1.0
is the default size and 2.0 is double the default size
and 0.5 is half the default size.
|
void |
setVisible(boolean visible)
Sets the visibility status of the turtle.
|
java.lang.String |
toString()
Generates a compact string representation of some of the turtle's
attributes.
|
void |
turn(int degrees)
Turns the turtle clockwise by the given integer number of degrees.
|
void |
turnTo(int x,
int y)
Turns the turtle to face the point specified by the x- and y-coordinate.
|
void |
turnTo(Turtle t)
Turns the turtle to face the position of another turtle.
|
public static final double RADIUS
public Turtle(World w)
w
- The world which the turtle will reside in.public Turtle(World w, int x, int y)
w
- The world which the turtle will reside in.x
- X-coordinate of the point where the turtle will start at.y
- Y-coordinate of the point where the turtle will start at.public int getXPos()
public int getYPos()
public int getDirection()
[0-359]
.public void setDirection(int direction)
direction
- The direction in degrees.public double getSize()
public void setSize(double size)
size
- Scaling factor of the turtle.public double getRadius()
public void setRadius(double radius)
radius
- The new radius to resize the turtle to.public java.awt.Color getColor()
Color
of the turtle (used to draw its body).public java.awt.Color getLimbColor()
Color
of the turtle's limbs (head and legs).public void setColor(int red, int green, int blue)
red
- The red component of the color. [0-255]green
- The green component of the color. [0-255]blue
- The blue component of the color. [0-255]public boolean isVisible()
true
if the turtle is visible and false
if it's invisible.public void setVisible(boolean visible)
visible
- Visibility status. (false hides the turtle and true shows it.)public boolean isPathEnabled()
true
if path drawing is enabled and false
if it's disabled.public void enablePath()
public void disablePath()
public double distanceTo(int x, int y)
x
- The x-coordinate of the other point.y
- The y-coordinate of the other point.public java.lang.String toString()
Example:
Turtle(x: 57, y: 173, direction: 180, size: 2.00000,red: 128, green: 57, blue: 34)
.
toString
in class java.lang.Object
public void moveTo(int x, int y)
When moveTo is called, the following actions are performed:
x
- X-coordinate the turtle will move to.y
- Y-coordinate the turtle will move to.public void turn(int degrees)
degrees
- The number of degrees to turn.
(Clockwise if positive and counter-clockwise if negative.)public void turnTo(int x, int y)
x
- X-coordinate of the point which to turn towards.y
- Y-coordinate of the point which to turn towards.public void turnTo(Turtle t)
t
- The turtle to turn towards.public void move(int step)
step
- The delta to move the turtle by.
(Moves forward if positive and reverse if negative.)


public abstract class X509Certificate extends Certificate
The basic X.509 format was defined by ISO/IEC and ANSI X9 and is described below in ASN.1:
Certificate ::= SEQUENCE { tbsCertificate TBSCertificate, signatureAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier, signature BIT STRING }
These certificates are widely used to support authentication and other functionality in Internet security systems. Common applications include Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM), Transport Layer Security (SSL), code signing for trusted software distribution, and Secure Electronic Transactions (SET).
These certificates are managed and vouched for by Certificate Authorities (CAs). CAs are services which create certificates by placing data in the X.509 standard format and then digitally signing that data. CAs act as trusted third parties, making introductions between principals who have no direct knowledge of each other. CA certificates are either signed by themselves, or by some other CA such as a "root" CA.
The ASN.1 definition of tbsCertificate
is:
TBSCertificate ::= SEQUENCE { version [0] EXPLICIT Version DEFAULT v1, serialNumber CertificateSerialNumber, signature AlgorithmIdentifier, issuer Name, validity Validity, subject Name, subjectPublicKeyInfo SubjectPublicKeyInfo, }
Here is sample code to instantiate an X.509 certificate:
InputStream inStream = new FileInputStream("fileName-of-cert"); X509Certificate cert = X509Certificate.getInstance(inStream); inStream.close();OR
byte[] certData = <certificate read from a file, say> X509Certificate cert = X509Certificate.getInstance(certData);
In either case, the code that instantiates an X.509 certificate
consults the value of the cert.provider.x509v1
security property
to locate the actual implementation or instantiates a default implementation.
The cert.provider.x509v1
property is set to a default
implementation for X.509 such as:
cert.provider.x509v1=com.sun.security.cert.internal.x509.X509V1CertImpl
The value of this cert.provider.x509v1
property has to be
changed to instantiate another implementation. If this security
property is not set, a default implementation will be used.
Currently, due to possible security restrictions on access to
Security properties, this value is looked up and cached at class
initialization time and will fallback on a default implementation if
the Security property is not accessible.
Note: The classes in the package javax.security.cert
exist for compatibility with earlier versions of the
Java Secure Sockets Extension (JSSE). New applications should instead
use the standard Java SE certificate classes located in
java.security.cert
.
Certificate
,
X509Extension
,
security properties
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
X509Certificate() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
abstract void |
checkValidity()
Checks that the certificate is currently valid.
|
abstract void |
checkValidity(Date date)
Checks that the specified date is within the certificate's
validity period.
|
static X509Certificate |
getInstance(byte[] certData)
Instantiates an X509Certificate object, and initializes it with
the specified byte array.
|
static X509Certificate |
getInstance(InputStream inStream)
Instantiates an X509Certificate object, and initializes it with
the data read from the input stream
inStream . |
abstract Principal |
getIssuerDN()
Gets the
issuer (issuer distinguished name) value from
the certificate. |
abstract Date |
getNotAfter()
Gets the
notAfter date from the validity period of
the certificate. |
abstract Date |
getNotBefore()
Gets the
notBefore date from the validity period of
the certificate. |
abstract BigInteger |
getSerialNumber()
Gets the
serialNumber value from the certificate. |
abstract String |
getSigAlgName()
Gets the signature algorithm name for the certificate
signature algorithm.
|
abstract String |
getSigAlgOID()
Gets the signature algorithm OID string from the certificate.
|
abstract byte[] |
getSigAlgParams()
Gets the DER-encoded signature algorithm parameters from this
certificate's signature algorithm.
|
abstract Principal |
getSubjectDN()
Gets the
subject (subject distinguished name) value
from the certificate. |
abstract int |
getVersion()
Gets the
version (version number) value from the
certificate. |
equals, getEncoded, getPublicKey, hashCode, toString, verify, verify
public static final X509Certificate getInstance(InputStream inStream) throws CertificateException
inStream
.
The implementation (X509Certificate is an abstract class) is
provided by the class specified as the value of the
cert.provider.x509v1
security property.
Note: Only one DER-encoded certificate is expected to be in the input stream. Also, all X509Certificate subclasses must provide a constructor of the form:
public <subClass>(InputStream inStream) ...
inStream
- an input stream with the data to be read to
initialize the certificate.CertificateException
- if a class initialization
or certificate parsing error occurs.public static final X509Certificate getInstance(byte[] certData) throws CertificateException
cert.provider.x509v1
security property.
Note: All X509Certificate subclasses must provide a constructor of the form:
public <subClass>(InputStream inStream) ...
certData
- a byte array containing the DER-encoded
certificate.certData
.CertificateException
- if a class initialization
or certificate parsing error occurs.public abstract void checkValidity() throws CertificateExpiredException, CertificateNotYetValidException
The validity period consists of two date/time values: the first and last dates (and times) on which the certificate is valid. It is defined in ASN.1 as:
validity Validity Validity ::= SEQUENCE { notBefore CertificateValidityDate, notAfter CertificateValidityDate } CertificateValidityDate ::= CHOICE { utcTime UTCTime, generalTime GeneralizedTime }
CertificateExpiredException
- if the certificate has expired.CertificateNotYetValidException
- if the certificate is not
yet valid.public abstract void checkValidity(Date date) throws CertificateExpiredException, CertificateNotYetValidException
date
- the Date to check against to see if this certificate
is valid at that date/time.CertificateExpiredException
- if the certificate has expired
with respect to the date
supplied.CertificateNotYetValidException
- if the certificate is not
yet valid with respect to the date
supplied.checkValidity()
public abstract int getVersion()
version
(version number) value from the
certificate. The ASN.1 definition for this is:
version [0] EXPLICIT Version DEFAULT v1 Version ::= INTEGER { v1(0), v2(1), v3(2) }
public abstract BigInteger getSerialNumber()
serialNumber
value from the certificate.
The serial number is an integer assigned by the certification
authority to each certificate. It must be unique for each
certificate issued by a given CA (i.e., the issuer name and
serial number identify a unique certificate).
The ASN.1 definition for this is:
serialNumber CertificateSerialNumber CertificateSerialNumber ::= INTEGER
public abstract Principal getIssuerDN()
issuer
(issuer distinguished name) value from
the certificate. The issuer name identifies the entity that signed (and
issued) the certificate.
The issuer name field contains an X.500 distinguished name (DN). The ASN.1 definition for this is:
issuer Name Name ::= CHOICE { RDNSequence } RDNSequence ::= SEQUENCE OF RelativeDistinguishedName RelativeDistinguishedName ::= SET OF AttributeValueAssertion AttributeValueAssertion ::= SEQUENCE { AttributeType, AttributeValue } AttributeType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER AttributeValue ::= ANYThe
Name
describes a hierarchical name composed of
attributes, such as country name, and corresponding values, such as US.
The type of the AttributeValue
component is determined by
the AttributeType
; in general it will be a
directoryString
. A directoryString
is usually
one of PrintableString
,
TeletexString
or UniversalString
.public abstract Principal getSubjectDN()
subject
(subject distinguished name) value
from the certificate.
The ASN.1 definition for this is:
subject Name
See getIssuerDN
for Name
and other relevant definitions.
getIssuerDN()
public abstract Date getNotBefore()
notBefore
date from the validity period of
the certificate.
The relevant ASN.1 definitions are:
validity Validity Validity ::= SEQUENCE { notBefore CertificateValidityDate, notAfter CertificateValidityDate } CertificateValidityDate ::= CHOICE { utcTime UTCTime, generalTime GeneralizedTime }
checkValidity()
public abstract Date getNotAfter()
notAfter
date from the validity period of
the certificate. See getNotBefore
for relevant ASN.1 definitions.checkValidity()
public abstract String getSigAlgName()
signatureAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier AlgorithmIdentifier ::= SEQUENCE { algorithm OBJECT IDENTIFIER, parameters ANY DEFINED BY algorithm OPTIONAL } -- contains a value of the type -- registered for use with the -- algorithm object identifier value
The algorithm name is determined from the algorithm
OID string.
public abstract String getSigAlgOID()
See getSigAlgName
for
relevant ASN.1 definitions.
public abstract byte[] getSigAlgParams()
See getSigAlgName
for
relevant ASN.1 definitions.
Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
Copyright © 1993, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


Compute the N-th Fibonacci using three different, popular implementations:
Each version will be run in a separate benchmark stage. In order to bring the tail-recursive and the iterative versions in a measurable range (if possible at all), the implementations have to repeat the computation M times, updating a checksum according to:
checksum = 0
for i in 0 .. <M:
checksum += fibonacci_iterative(N)
checksum %=<PHONE_NUMBER>
Benchmark aspects: Recursion
After writing the stage run times to STDOUT, the implementations should print:
Each bar corresponds to the run time of one particular stage. Use mouse-over to highlight a single stage for comparison. Only shows run times of the largest data size.
All raw run times of individual runs for small (N = 34, M = 145806), medium (N = 36, M = 306557), and large (N = 38, M = 644537) problem sizes. Use mouse-over to see relative performance.
All raw run times of individual runs for small (N = 34, M = 145806), medium (N = 36, M = 306557), and large (N = 38, M = 644537) problem sizes. Use mouse-over to see relative performance.
All raw run times of individual runs for small (N = 34, M = 145806), medium (N = 36, M = 306557), and large (N = 38, M = 644537) problem sizes. Use mouse-over to see relative performance.
All raw run times of individual runs for small (N = 34, M = 145806), medium (N = 36, M = 306557), and large (N = 38, M = 644537) problem sizes. Use mouse-over to see relative performance.


< go back to index
html CSS and JavaScript
Form Validation
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My Web Page
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Try it


I am very happy to be part of this class.
I am learning to Code which is something that I really like to do.
Learning the magic behind a wesite is really exciting
In code the dream not only we have access to a variety of tools
in our learning process, but we also have amazing people to guide
us and help us to understand complex concepts.
Thank you


{%- include '/partials/favicons.html' -%} {%- include '/partials/font-awesome.html' -%}
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Software
0.2 Data
Data files used for the labs are all taken from open data sources. Links are provided for each lab. For convenience, all of the data files are also available here as single files in the github repository for this lab manual
0.2.1 Data Repository
The nice thing about jamovi is that it is able to read different types of data files, from .xls to .sav and much more. https://github.com/CrumpLab/statisticsLab/tree/master/data
0.3 JAMOVI
This is an introducton to jamovi, which is a graphic user interface (GUI) version of R, and is a free, open-source sofware program, and can be installed on most operating systems. The underlying syntax in jamovi is built upon the powerful R programming language, but jamovi itself is particularly designed to perform basic statistical analyses with graphical display of data. With real-time analysis, jamovi generates publication-ready SPSS-like results. For students interested in learning R, jamovi is a great mediator: you can access the R syntax underlying each analysis with one click. This brief intorduction tells you how to install and start using jamovi, and has been adapted from the jamovi user guide. Full version available at: https://www.jamovi.org/user-manual.html
0.3.1 Installing jamovi
Download and install jamovi onto your computer using the helpful instructions on this website: https://www.jamovi.org/user-manual.html#installation, which links to the download page here: https://www.jamovi.org/download.html. Once you have completed the installation, jamovi can be accessed on your computer just like any other program.
0.3.2 Opening jamovi
Click on the jamovi icon as you would any other program on your computer. You should see a screen that looks something like this (with minor differences depending on your operating system):As of the time this lab was written, jamovi was in the <IP_ADDRESS> version, with new versions still on the way. The three little dots on the right had corner of the screen brings up a menu where updates can be installed automatically, and you will be notified if there are newer versions. It would be wise to stay up-to-date on the versions whenever available.
The left part of the opening screen is the spreadsheet view, and to the right is the area where results to any statistical tests appear. This format is very similar to SPSS. You can simply begin typing values into the spreadsheet, and continue on to your desired analysis. At this point, jamovi can only open existing data in the Comma Separated Value or CSV (.csv) format. In the future, jamovi will support files from Microsoft Excel (.xlsx, .xls), SPSS (.sav), and more. So keep an eye out for updates! To open a file, click on the three horizontal lines at the top left hand corner, select Open
and then Examples
or This PC
, depending on whether you want to open an example, or a file stored on your computer.
0.3.3 Adding modules
The nice thing about jamovi is that, as new analyses are developed, you can manually add modules that are relevant to you. Just click on the+
sign in the top right corner, and you will be directed to a jamovi library.
Rj
(which is an editor to run R
inside jamovi) and scatr
(which will help us draw scatter plots):
0.3.4 What you should know for this course
Learning to use a statistical software program is an essential aspect of any basic statistics course. Experiments generate more data that you can compute manually, so it makes sense to have a software prorgam that can follow your instructions and do the busy work. But the key think to remember is that the software program does not do the thinking for you! You should be know you data well-enough to identify the correct analysis, and use the software to help you. So before you try out the examples in this manual, make sure you know how to solve each problem by hand and understand the underlyign statistical concepts.


{{ title }}
-
{% comment %}
liquidjs doesn’t do hoisting the same, so we have to hoist these loop variables ourselves.
{% endcomment %}
{% assign year = "" %}
{% assign currentyear = "" %}
{% assign currentyearpostcount = 0 %}
{% assign listItems = collections.draft %}
{% for post in collections.draft %}
{% include "post-list-entry.html", ignoreYear: "true" %}
{% endfor %}