Start with the animal object you created in the last exercise.
- Create a variable called
animals
and set it equal to an empty array. Using any method you prefer, add your animal object to theanimals
array. - Create a variable called
quackers
and assign it to this object:{name: 'Daffy Duck', description: 'a silly duck', noises: ['quack', 'honk', 'sneeze', 'growl'] }
- Add quackers to the
animals
array using a different method than before. - Inspect your animals array to ensure you have two objects inside.
- Create two more animal objects and add them to the
animals
array. They should have these properties and your choice of values:name
(string),description
(string), andnoises
(array of strings). - Check the length of your array and make sure it's 4.
- Now iterate over your array to output a list of the animals' names.


| Indirect | Continue with online branding and marketing. | Attend local meetups to gain knowledge in tech industry. |
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| Direct | Attend networking events to have conversations and build a network. | Remain proactive in learning new technologies and frameworks in the field of development. |
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|
15 new NHS hospital developments worth more than ?4 billion
15 new NHS hospital developments worth more than ?4 billion |
| Miscellaneous News |
| Published: Thursday, 29-Jul-2004 |
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| |
Health Secretary John Reid has given the go ahead for 15 new NHS hospital developments worth more than £4 billion.
The announcement will bring investment in new NHS hospitals to more than £16 billion since 1997. The NHS is already well on course to meet the NHS Plan target of 100 new hospital schemes open to patients by 2010. More than 40 are already built and operational.
These new hospital developments announced today will be funded largely through the Private Finance Initiative (PFI). It will now be for local health organisations to progress these schemes to the next stages of development.
The new developments include plans for:
- New mental health facilities for Leicestershire, Merseyside, and Teesside
- A new cardiac research institute and upgraded cardiac wing for Great Ormond Street Hospital
- Modern new buildings for Papworth Hospital's world class cardiothoracic services
John Reid said:
"The NHS is in the middle of the biggest hospital building programme in its history. After years of under-investment, the infrastructure of the NHS is at last being modernised and made fit for the 21st Century.
"The new hospital plans given the green light today represent the type of bright, modern, clean environments that all NHS patients should experience during their treatment. I look forward to seeing further progress on these schemes, and all of the other hospital building projects that are underway, and particularly to seeing the benefits they will bring to their local communities.
"I am delighted to receive such good quality proposals and I will be encouraging local health organisations to progress these rapidly through the next important stages of their development."
The 15 new hospital developments are:
- Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire (£880m) - A major acute service reconfiguration in the Hertfordshire area, including plans for redevelopment and expansion at Watford and a new hospital at Hatfield, incorporating a new cancer centre for Bedfordshire & Hertfordshire.
- North Bristol and South Gloucestershire (£310m) - Options include the relocation of specialist acute services onto a single site in North Bristol / South Gloucestershire, complemented by a network of new community facilities and community hospitals.
- Papworth Hospital NHS Trust (£148m) - World class cardiothoracic services in new state-of-the-art buildings for Papworth Hospital. Options include redeveloping the existing Papworth site or co-locating with Addenbrookes on the "Cambridge Biomedical Campus."
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Acute Trust (£591m) - New acute sector facilities including development of community based alternatives to hospital care.
- Maternity and Childrens Hospital in Leeds (£204m) - Creation of a new Childrens and Maternity hospital in Leeds. This development is key to the Trust's strategy of locating acute services onto a single main hospital site.
- Hillingdon Hospital redevelopment (£271m) - Redevelopment of the Hillingdon Hospital site in Northwest London and the total replacement of out-dated accommodation with a modern new building.
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore redevelopment (£121m) - Replacement of the hospitals older buildings with modern purpose-built facilities and an increase in capacity.
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children redevelopment (£225m) - The proposal is for a second phase of the redevelopment of the Great Ormond Street site, which will create a new in-patient block, upgrade the cardiac wing, expand imaging capacity and create a new cardiac research institute. This is not a PFI scheme - it will be funded with £75m in public capital and the rest through charitable donations.
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust (£52m) - Re-provision of mental health services contained in the Brandon Unit (on the Leicester General Hospital site).
- Tees and North East Yorkshire NHS Trust (£73m) - The preferred option is for the re-development of a comprehensive range of services on the St Lukes site in Middlesbrough and will allow the relocation of services in Stockton and Hartlepool from North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Trust sites.
- Taunton Surgical Centre (£75m) - A new surgical centre at the heart of the hospital and will accommodate wards, theatres, ITU and HDU facilities. This development will involve the replacement 1940s accommodation and will increase bed numbers and theatre capacity.
- Southend Hospital redevelopment (£100m) - Re-development of the Southend Hospital site to ensure sufficient capacity is available to deliver efficient high dependency, elective and emergency care services for the people of South East Essex. The scheme will be complemented by the parallel development of satellite and community services and an Independent Sector Treatment Centre (ISTC) to provide additional capacity for outpatients and simple surgical procedures.
- North Mersey Future Healthcare Project (£1008m) - The North Mersey Future Healthcare Project involves the redevelopment of facilities at the Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital incorporating the concept of a 'Children's Health Park, the redevelopment of the Royal Liverpool University Hospital, an elective care centre and additional ward facilities at University Hospital Aintree and the further and improved provision of facilities for people with mental health problems through a range of community mental health resources and the establishment of a local Psychiatry Intensive Care Unit by mental health Trust, Mersey Care.
- South of Tyne and Wearside (£50m) - The scheme will provide mental health facilities at Cherry Knowle Hospital in Ryehope, Sunderland, and includes replacement of in-patient facilities for adult and older persons and replacement of an older persons' day hospital.
- Northwick Park and St Marks (£305m) - The project will redevelop the Northwick Park and St Marks site to create a state-of the art 600 bed acute hospital, designed around a new service model that is based on a series of 'super-teams' that combine both hospital and primary care skills with the ability to provide readily accessible clinical opinions and diagnoses.
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Everything you need to know about the televised election debates
The Liberal Democrats and SNP have lost a legal challenge against ITV over its decision to exclude their leaders from a televised election debate.
The first televised debate of the General Election campaign will take place on Tuesday evening between Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn.
The Liberal Democrats and the SNP have lost a High Court challenge against ITV over its decision to exclude their party leaders from Tuesday’s first television debate, and will therefore not take part.
The two parties had taken ITV to court, saying their exclusion deprived voters of the chance to make their own decisions.
The broadcasters have announced a series of debates, including two head-to-heads after reaching an agreement between the Tories and Labour, one three-way debate and one seven-way debate.
Planned debates
A head-to-head debate between Mr Johnson and Mr Corbyn will be aired on ITV on Tuesday at 8pm.
Sky will host a three-way debate including Mr Johnson, Mr Corbyn and Lib Dem leader Jo Swinson on November 28.
The next day, the BBC will host a seven-way debate in Cardiff on November 29, between leaders or senior figures from the seven major GB political parties.
The broadcaster will then host a “prime ministerial debate” on December 6 from Southampton between Mr Corbyn and Mr Johnson.
First debates
Televised general election debates started in 2010, with Gordon Brown, David Cameron and Nick Clegg clashing in three debates.
Some analysts concluded the first debate resulted in a so-called “Cleggmania”, with an immediate poll bounce for the Lib Dems, who briefly polled ahead of Labour and the Tories.
This was not reflected in the eventual election result, with the party finishing third and 13 points behind the Tories.
The debates in the three-weeks before polling day garnered 9.7 million (April 15 – ITV), 2.2 million (April 22 – Sky) and 7.4 million (April 29 – BBC) viewers respectively.
2015 debates
In 2015, after much wrangling in the months beforehand, one seven-way debate took place on ITV between Conservatives, Labour, Liberal Democrats, Ukip, Greens, SNP and Plaid Cymru.
A “challenger debate” between opposition parties was also aired on the BBC without the Tories or Lib Dems.
The seven-way debate attracted 7.3 million viewers for ITV on April 2 and the “opposition debate” attracted 4.4 million for the BBC on April 16.
2017 debates
In 2017, Jeremy Corbyn and then-PM Theresa May were both invited to a seven-way leaders’ debate on ITV, but both declined the invitation, with a five-way debate taking place instead.
Later, Mrs May refused to take part in a seven-way debate on the BBC, sending then-home secretary Amber Rudd instead, with Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn deciding to take part at the last minute.
This debate on May 31 attracted just 3.6 million viewers for the BBC.


| Methods' Details |
getLinkMode
- Description
- returns the link mode of the spreadsheet.
If the returned value is SheetLinkMode::NORMAL,
formulas are copied. With SheetLinkMode::VALUE,
only results of formulas are used.
|
|
setLinkMode
- Description
- enables the linking of the sheet and controls whether formulas
are copied.
- Parameter nLinkMode
- the value specifying the link mode for this spreadsheet.
If the value is SheetLinkMode::NORMAL,
formulas are copied. With SheetLinkMode::VALUE,
only results of formulas are used.
|
|
getLinkUrl
- Description
- returns the target URL of the link.
|
|
setLinkUrl
| void |
| setLinkUrl( |
[in] string |
aLinkUrl ); |
- Description
- sets the target URL of the link.
A SheetLink object with the same file name must
exist already or the link will not work.
|
|
getLinkSheetName
| string |
| getLinkSheetName(); |
- Description
- returns the sheet name of the sheet in the source document.
|
|
setLinkSheetName
| void |
| setLinkSheetName( |
[in] string |
aLinkSheetName ); |
- Description
- sets the name of the linked sheet in the source document.
This method sets the sheet name in the SheetLink
object, it does not modify the sheet name in the source document.
|
|
link
| void |
| link( |
[in] string |
aUrl, |
| [in] string |
aSheetName, |
| [in] string |
aFilterName, |
| [in] string |
aFilterOptions, |
| [in] SheetLinkMode |
nMode ); |
- Description
- links the sheet to another sheet in another document.
A SheetLink object is created if it does not exist,
and the link mode, the URL of the linked document and the linked
sheet name are set.
|
|
Copyright © 2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/116395-maths/topic/has_map_add.20type.20class.html ---
I thought it might be a good idea to create a has_map_add
type class, and prove that ring_homs
and add_group_homs
were instances of this, and define the simp
lemmas on the has_map_add
type class, but I couldn't get it to work. https://gist.github.com/ChrisHughes24/e18d1a47592b23f1f7bc6ada7ffd2bb9
Can something like this be made to work ever? Is it a good idea?
Mathematically this looks like a natural idea! The simp
doesn't work? Can you rw map_add
?
Only like this rw has_map_add.map_add ℤ f,
Why this is better than making is_ring_hom
extend is_add_hom
? Or you're talking about bundled homs?
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Therefore, we have developed a so-called click solution for our Google Maps. This means that the Google Map integrated here is loaded only - and possibly data transferred to Google - if you wish.


Yuma Kagiyama, Mana Kawabe win short programs at Japan Junior Championships
by Jack GallagherYOKOHAMA – Heavy favorite Yuma Kagiyama took the lead after the short program at the Japan Junior Championships at Shin-Yokohama Skate Center on Saturday night.
The 16-year-old from Yokohama racked up a total score of 79.92 points to hold a comfortable advantage over Yuto Kishina (74.29) and rival Shun Sato (74.19) going into Sunday’s free skate.
Kagiyama, who along with Sato has qualified for next month’s Grand Prix Final in Italy, skated to the Piano Concerto from “Fate” and aside from a bit of a wobble on the landing of his triple axel, was fluid from beginning to end.
“I turned my shoulder too much on my takeoff on the axel,” Kagiyama stated. “I have to fix that for tomorrow and then land all of my quads.”
Kagiyama holds the big lead despite getting level threes on two of his spins and step sequence.
Kishina’s jumps were solid, but he had trouble on one of his spins or would have had a higher score skating as the 28th of 29 skaters.
Sato, a 15-year-old from Sendai, moved clinically through his jumps to “Arrivee des Camionneurs” to stay within striking distance of Kagiyama.
“I have three quads planned in my free skate tomorrow and my goal is to land them all,” commented Sato.
Sato got level fours on two of his spins, but only a level two on his step sequence.
A berth at the Youth Olympic Games in Lausanne, Switzerland, in January will go to the winner on Sunday.
Lucas Honda is a surprise in fourth place at 74.14. Sena Miyake (70.53) is fifth, while defending champion Tatsuya Tsuboi (68.83) stands in sixth.
Mana Kawabe took the lead after the women’s short program earlier Saturday with her perky skate to “You’re a Mean One, Mr. Grinch.” Kawabe, who won the West Japan Sectionals two weeks ago, earned a score of 64.95 and looked confident in doing so.
Kawabe, a 15-year-old from Nagoya, began with a nice triple lutz/triple toe loop combo, then hit a triple loop and a double axel. She received level fours on two of her spins and a level three on her step sequence.
Tomoe Kawabata (63.55) is in second, while Rino Matsuike (61.91) is third.
“My speed was good today,” Kawabe stated. “When my jumps go well, my steps and spins usually do also.”
Kawabata, who was third at this event last year, landed huge jumps in her skate to “On the Beautiful Blue Danube.” She opened with a nice double axel, then hit a booming triple lutz/triple toe loop combo and also landed a triple loop.
Shiika Yoshioka (60.78) is in fourth place, with Azusa Tanaka (58.58) fifth and Moa Iwano (58.31) sixth.
The top six finishers in the men’s and women’s competitions will advance to skate in the All-Japan Championships next month in Tokyo.
Ice shavings
Two-time world champion Miki Ando, who won the Japan junior title three times (2002, 2003, 2004), was one of the spectators on hand Saturday.
GET THE BEST OF THE JAPAN TIMES
IN FIVE EASY PIECES WITH TAKE 5
JOIN THE CONVERSATION


@@include("@@webRoot/partials/docs/header.html", {
"title": "Forms",
"isCustom": false,
"description": "Goodkit supports all of Bootstrap's default form styling in addition to a handful of new input types and features.",
"bootstrapDocs": "https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/components/forms/",
"pluginDocs": ""
})
@@include("@@webRoot/partials/docs/subheader.html", {
"title": "",
"id": "",
"isCustom": false,
"description": ""
})
@@include("@@webRoot/partials/docs/subheader.html", {
"title": "Form controls",
"id": "formControls",
"isCustom": false,
"description": "Textual form controls—like <input>s, <select>s, and <textarea>s—are styled with the .form-control class. Included are styles for general appearance, focus state, sizing, and more."
})
@@include("@@webRoot/partials/docs/subheader.html", {
"title": "Sizing",
"id": "sizing",
"isCustom": false,
"description": "Set heights using classes like .form-control-lg and .form-control-sm."
})
@@include("@@webRoot/partials/docs/subheader.html", {
"title": "Readonly",
"id": "readonly",
"isCustom": false,
"description": "Add the readonly boolean attribute on an input to prevent modification of the input’s value. Read-only inputs appear lighter (just like disabled inputs), but retain the standard cursor."
})
@@include("@@webRoot/partials/docs/subheader.html", {
"title": "Checkboxes and radios",
"id": "checkboxesAndRadios",
"isCustom": false,
"description": "Default checkboxes and radios are improved upon with the help of .form-check, a single class for both input types that improves the layout and behavior of their HTML elements. Checkboxes are for selecting one or several options in a list, while radios are for selecting one option from many."
})
@@include("@@webRoot/partials/docs/subheader.html", {
"title": "Help text",
"id": "helpText",
"isCustom": false,
"description": "Block-level help text in forms can be created using .form-text (previously known as .help-block in v3). Inline help text can be flexibly implemented using any inline HTML element and utility classes like .text-muted."
})
Your password must be 8-20 characters long, contain letters and numbers, and must not contain spaces, special characters, or emoji.
@@include("@@webRoot/partials/docs/subheader.html", {
"title": "Disabled forms",
"id": "disabledForms",
"isCustom": false,
"description": "Add the disabled boolean attribute on an input to prevent user interactions and make it appear lighter."
})
@@include("@@webRoot/partials/docs/subheader.html", {
"title": "Input group",
"id": "inputGroup",
"isCustom": false,
"description": "Easily extend form controls by adding text, buttons, or button groups on either side of textual inputs, custom selects, and custom file inputs."
})
@
@example.com
@@include("@@webRoot/partials/docs/subheader.html", {
"title": "Validation",
"id": "validation",
"isCustom": false,
"description": "Provide valuable, actionable feedback to your users with HTML5 form validation–available in all our supported browsers."
})
@@include("@@webRoot/partials/docs/subheader.html", {
"title": "Underline",
"id": "underline",
"isCustom": true,
"description": "Removes background and all by bottom borders."
})


my name is Amanuel kindie i am 3rd year cse student at ASTU .this shows all about my academics skills and i also have skils on c++ , java,python,web-programming and other skills as you will on my portfolio.and i am working partime on network marketing
Web design refers to the design of websites that are displayed on the internet.
creating website designs ,
producing sample sites and
meeting with clients to discuss requirements and/or project progres
Work with analysts on the feasibility of a conceptual design by taking technical specifications prepared by the analyst and designing system components to meet the set requirements. Draw up detailed design documentation including charts and diagrams that indicate the various components involved.
Network marketing is a business strategy that involves a multilevel structure of interconnected individuals that generate money through direct sales or new member's affiliations.


I have some text.
I want some italics.
I want some bold.
this is heading 1
this is heading 2
this is heading 3
you want a list?
- first
- second
- third
you want an ordered list?
- whatever
- whatever
- whatever
I have some text.
I want some italics.


Back
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BC Explorer
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My approach has always been fairly simple: the client (or clients) and I identify the full extent of the presenting problem and work together toward a practical solution. To do this I draw from my knowledge of brain function, cognitive behavioral psychology, positive psychology and an eclectic sampling of other theoretical points of view that can shed light on what’s happening in the client’s world. I’m respectful, I engage with the client and I like to use humor, imagery and metaphors in my work.
I’ve been helping couples, individuals and families address life issues since 1983. I’ve been happily married to the same guy since 1969, enjoy my children, grandchildren and friends and have two other professions: I research and write books about Napa Valley history, and I’m an artist (see www.linweber.com ).
Office Locations Tuesdays through Thursdays: 68 Coombs Street Suite A-6 Napa, CA 94559 Fridays: 999 Adams Street Suite 300 St. Helena, CA 94574 Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER> E-Mail: linweber@earthlink.net


Compute time-dependent ROC curve from censored survival data using nonparametric weight adjustments.
| Version: | 1.0 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.1.1), survival |
| Published: | 2016-03-30 |
| Author: | Liang Li, Cai Wu Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center |
| Maintainer: | Cai Wu <cwu13 at mdanderson.org> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| In views: | Survival |
| CRAN checks: | tdROC results |
| Reference manual: | tdROC.pdf |
| Package source: | tdROC_1.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: tdROC_1.0.zip, r-release: tdROC_1.0.zip, r-oldrel: tdROC_1.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: tdROC_1.0.tgz, r-oldrel: tdROC_1.0.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tdROC to link to this page.


Provide some sample logs.
Paste in one or more lines from the file you intend to tail. We'll use these samples in the following steps to help
you build an ingest pipeline and configure a Kibana index pattern. Log lines can be raw strings or
formatted as JSON. If your logs are raw strings but you intend to use
Filebeat's metadata,
you'll want to paste the JSON as it will come out of Filebeat.


39
What Is the Measure of My Days?
TO THE CHOIRMASTER: TO JEDUTHUN. A PSALM OF DAVID.
1 I said, “I will guard my ways,
that I may not sin with my tongue;
I will guard my mouth with a muzzle,
so long as the wicked are in my presence.”
2 I was mute and silent;
I held my peace to no avail,
and my distress grew worse.
3 My heart became hot within me.
As I mused, the fire burned;
then I spoke with my tongue:
4 “O LORD, make me know my end
and what is the measure of my days;
let me know how fleeting I am!
5 Behold, you have made my days a few handbreadths,
and my lifetime is as nothing before you.
Surely all mankind stands as a mere breath!
Selah
6 Surely a man goes about as a shadow!
Surely for nothing they are in turmoil;
man heaps up wealth and does not know who will gather!
7 “And now, O Lord, for what do I wait?
My hope is in you.
8 Deliver me from all my transgressions.
Do not make me the scorn of the fool!
9 I am mute; I do not open my mouth,
for it is you who have done it.
10 Remove your stroke from me;
I am spent by the hostility of your hand.
11 When you discipline a man
with rebukes for sin,
you consume like a moth what is dear to him;
surely all mankind is a mere breath!
Selah
12 “Hear my prayer, O LORD,
and give ear to my cry;
hold not your peace at my tears!
For I am a sojourner with you,
a guest, like all my fathers.
13 Look away from me, that I may smile again,
before I depart and am no more!”


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %} Correction to article {% endblock %} {% block additional_head %} {{block.super}} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Return to article without making correction or update


Wallet 1
Balance:
Deposit
Donate
Wallet 2
Balance:
Deposit
Donate
Wallet 3
Balance:
Deposit
Donate
Escrow
Balance:
Refund Donations
Investor
Deposited:
Deposit
Invest
Verify
Breakfast For Learning (7 ETH)
Not Far From The Tree (5 ETH)
Good To Talk (8 ETH)
Habitat For Humanity (10 ETH)
Projects
Received:
| Transaction Log


This API/web application returns basic information (original name, MIME type, and size in bytes) about the file that you upload. The response is in standard JSON format.


Hi! I'm a musician from the south of the UK who specialises in video game music,
covering many genres from EDM, to Chiptune, to Orchestral and much more!
Working on music for 5 years has meant I've had experience with many
different projects! (Which I'll display as I build up this site!
I'm currently open for commissions! You can contact me through
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|| Discord: Mortistar#2010
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{{themecss}} {{appicons}}
This is not a simulator but just a resized view surrounded with an image to give an impression of what the app might look like on a tablet.


WITNESS LIST Urban Affairs Committee March 12, 2003-10:30A HB 681 For: Dougherty, Patrick L. (City of Houston/Houston Police Department) HB 899 For: White, Glenn M (Dallas Police Association) HB 1066 For: Boulware-Wells, Barbara (City of Cedar Park) Gulley, Althea T. (City of Dallas) Mejia, Berta A. (Self and City of Houston) Sandlin, Bennett (Texas Municipal League) HB 1204 For: Blackburn, Thurman (Self and Homebuilders Association of Greater Austin) Daugherty, Gerald (Self) Erben, Andrew (KB Home, Austin; Greater Austin Builders Assn.) Savio, Harry (Home Builders Association Greater Austin) Smith, Hank B. (Home Builders Assoc. of Greater Austin) Against: Bowers, Chris (City of Dallas) Gordon, Lisa Y. (City of Austin) Sanchez, Rod (City of San Antonio) Young, Leonard D. (San Antonio Water System) On: Gieselman, Joe (Travis County) Lee, Donald (Texas Conference of Urban Counties) HB 1207 For: Blackburn, Thurman (Homebuilders Association of Greater Austin Legislative Liaison) Erben, Andrew (KB Home, Austin; Greater Austin Builders Assn.) Smith, Hank B. (Home Builders Association of Greater Austin) Against: Boulware-Wells, Barbara (City of Cedar Park) Bowers, Chris (City of Dallas) Jarrell, Phyllis (City of Plano) Knight, Barney L. (Self) Vining, Joe (City of Round Rock)


{{!-- This is the base layout for your project, and will be used on every page. --}}
Kind regards Your ZOULOU Service Team
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Hotline: +11<PHONE_NUMBER>


I have become a fan of 'microdoses' of morning glory seeds in the recent months. I am a healthy male in my mid 20ies and have a background in academia. I occasionally chew up 1 to 10 seeds of Ipomoea violacea ('Heavenly Blue' variety) and hold them under the tongue for some minutes. Sometimes I swallow them afterwards, which might produce slightly stronger effects, but on most occasions I spit out the residues. I have no significant ill effects from this procedure. I sometimes consume the seeds in the morning, after breakfast. Taking the seeds after brushing my teeth seems to increase the effect significantly, which is probably due to easier absorption through the mucus membranes (removal of dead cell layers and mucus, increased microcirculation through menthol).
On most occasions, the consumption of a 'microdose' results in slightly sharpened aesthetic perception, heightened mood and makes social interaction a bit easier and enjoyable. Such microdoses have some nootropic and intellectualizing effects. I am experienced with other nootropics including Piracetam, Hydergine, Selegiline, Vinpocetine, Ginkgo, Ashwagandha and others, and morning glory seeds might be one of my favorites. All in all, they seem to improve my cognitive and 'spiritual' state in a very subtle, yet significant manner. The positive effects sometimes seem to last well into the next day.
It should be mentioned that I sometimes also consume the MAO-B inhibitor selegiline in low doses (< 1,5 mg per day). It cannot be excluded that selegiline might potentiate the activity of the morning glory seeds to some degree. I also get some slight and short-lived effects by smoking one or two seeds in a pipe.>
It might also be notable that I have tried the same procedure with seeds of Argyreia nervosa, but did not experience the effects above, or only in a barely noticeable manner. This seems counter-intuitive, since these seeds have a far higher concentration of ergolines compared to Ipomoea tricolor. Maybe one of the minor constituents in morning glory seeds is responsible for the nootropic effects, and this constituent is missing in A. nervosa -- but this is still a very weak hypothesis.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


MIT Licensed - Version 2.0.1
Bootflat is built on the foundations of Bootstrap, visioned in a stunning flat design. Bootstrap itself is a trusted, reliable and proven tool for developers. Built with Sass 3.3.3.
Bootflat is built on Bootstrap 3.1.1: the sleek, intuitive, and powerful mobile-first front-end framework for faster and easier web development.
Bootflat's components are built with HTML5 and CSS3. The pages use `header`, `nav` and `section` to build the layout. Bootflat also comes with several splendid color schemes built-in, and allows for easy customization.
Bootflat uses lightweight high-function plugins for maximum performance, keeping CSS and JS file sizes down.
Bootflat is fully responsive, built for mobile-first in mind. It provides off screen navigation, and almost all the widgets are compatible with all screen sizes.
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class Solution(object): def pseudoPalindromicPaths (self, root): def dfs(node, count, length): if node: count[node.val] ^= 1 length += 1 #print("!", count, node.left is node.right is None) if length & 1 == sum(count) and (node.left is node.right is None): self.ans += 1 dfs(node.left, count, length) dfs(node.right, count, length) count[node.val ]^=1 self.ans = 0 count = [0] * 10 dfs(root, count, 0) return self.ans


#include <CImg.h>
|
| static const char * | string () |
| |
| static bool | is_float () |
| |
| static bool | is_inf (const signed char) |
| |
| static bool | is_nan (const signed char) |
| |
| static signed char | min () |
| |
| static signed char | max () |
| |
| static signed char | inf () |
| |
| static signed char | cut (const double val) |
| |
| static const char * | format () |
| |
| static const char * | format_s () |
| |
| static int | format (const signed char val) |
| |
◆ cut()
◆ format() [1/2]
◆ format() [2/2]
◆ format_s()
◆ inf()
◆ is_float()
◆ is_inf()
◆ is_nan()
◆ max()
◆ min()
◆ string()
The documentation for this struct was generated from the following file:
- D:/code/MRCEditor/src/algorithm/CImg.h


| | |
- builtins.object
-
- Scanner
- Token
class Scanner(builtins.object) |
| |
Tokenizer of a MATLAB script
Args:
text(str): The input text to be tokenized
Attributes:
text(str): The input text to be tokenized |
| |
Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, text)
- Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
- advance(self)
- Advances internal pointer by one character
- get_number(self)
- Scans input for a real or integer number
- next_token(self)
- Scans and outputs the next token in the input text
Returns:
token(Token): The next valid token in the input text.
If EOF file is reached, returns (EOF, None) token
Raises:
Expection: If invalid charcter is provided
- peek(self)
- Looks at one character past the current position
Returns:
character(str): The character next to the current position
- raise_error(self)
- Raises:
Exception: Invalid character exception
- skip_whitespace(self)
- Skips all whitespace in input up to the next
non-whitespace character or until the EOF is reached
Data descriptors defined here:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
|
class Token(builtins.object) |
| |
A class to represent a valid token in a MATLAB script
Args:
type (Token Type): The type of the token
value (str_int_or_float): The value of the token
Attributes:
type (Token Type): The type of the token
value (str_int_or_float): The value of the token |
| |
Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, type, value)
- Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
- __repr__(self)
- String representation of token
- __str__(self)
- Returns:
str: String representation of token
Examples:
'Token(INTEGER, 2)'
'Token(FLOAT, 3.5)'
'Token(MINUS, -)'
'Token(ID, myVar)'
Data descriptors defined here:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
| |


SUSU Elections 2015 by Facebook Likes
{{c.name}}
{{ p.title }}
{{ c.name }}
Likes: {{ c.pageinfo.likes }}


I have been mixing x64 code in x86 applications. I need to include a whole function as a x64 code instead of making x64 code inside the function. The reason for this is because I do not want to keep converting the whole assembly and architecture of one Function into x64 because I need to literally export every function and such which mean I end up writing double the code just for x64 format.
This may not seem hard, but I am working on a 100,000+ lines of code project. This means for me to port this to x64 from x86 is quite a lot of code to write. I cannot change the whole code to x64 because it is for hot-patching and injecting and so I need to make it System-Wide in all architecture(s).
I know I am putting un-wanted data into the stack if I use this incorrectly but I can use a union with DWORD and DWORD64 in it.
Can someone explain to me how I can change the Define to allow outer usage of X64_START() rather than use it in a function space because it is too cumbersome for obvious reasons.
Don't worry of how I will export the x64 functions, I got that covered.
Thanks! But if you understood my question properly, you would understand how can I convert the a whole function into x64 rather than the internal of it.
You're better off asking this on an ASM specific community forum. But you need to consider larger issues you're going to have when moving a large code-base from x86 to x64. Testing is going to be the biggest issue.
Yes because doing so will mean I need to port and change all the inline assembly I used which is around 20,000 lines of code.
Then there is me to change some of the stack breaking and such which would normally crash a x64 OS.
All together it is too dangerous and too cumbersome as my project uses a self programmed MBR emulator only for x64 bit and there is no way I will change it because that alone is 60,000 lines of code and changing is will take so much time.
Next reason is most of the Debuggers out "there" do not have emulations to debug x86 application with x64 which would mean that debuggers will not be able to track me after I jump code segments.
@Zaita
I did ask some ASM community but they are rarely ever active and most of the members are the newbies. Therefore I also got PM suggesting to ask C++ community because of the inline asm usage.
I do consider moving such projects but as I said I cannot move the project directly to x64 because it has lot of stack breaking and such so I am simply jumping code segments from time to time.
You are right, testing is not my strong points, but I do still do it but I hate testing stages. Currently I have estimated of 400 breakpoints set around the entire project .
The reason I use VS is solely because of the debugging sophistication, all the other IDE do not have the debug tool-set like VS and I am not strong at testing therefore I need best debug set to at least do some decent levels of testing.
What you're trying to do is hack a port from 32bit to 64bit. Unfortunately you're trying to trivialise a problem that is not trivial. A port is a port.
Are you sure? If you understand Assembly and Windows API inside out you should know Within the WoW64 environment, threads that wish to switch between compatibility mode ( 32bit mode ) to 64bit mode, in order to request the invocation of kernel mode functions, have to go through the Heaven Gate located at code segment selector 0×0033 that identifies the call gate inside the GDT. The process of context switching occurs multiple times throughout the lifespan of a WoW64 process and is essential for their compatibility with the Windows 64bit kernel.
It is possible and trust me I did do this a lot of times, but not at this level and doing a full scale function conversion.


My Buds
Caam... Caam... Caam
Caamflyer64 is a very close friend who thought it would be cool to program this website. What a bro!
Anyway him and I do tons of projects and stuff together. He even helped me make Aquais. Which is not the best map but. Him and I will be working very hard together in any future projects. He coded 99.9% of this sexy website, so blame him for any issues with it. We are working on a few secret projects together and plan to release them "fairly" soon!
The most Intimate of Koalas
He isn't good at much, but he's good at being sexy!
He loves to be intimate while playing survival with me. I introduced him to Minecraft (sort of) and he's been playing ever since.  (Well maybe you are but still, hush).
Ah Bob...
Baseballbob is a very silly panda. Terrible at parkour but always a blast to be around. He is good a PVP and survival and is a great build slave ;). In all seriousness, he is wonderful dude and a great partner in crime. However, he still owes me some diamonds on the survival server...
i2
Armed with his sexy coding skills, he could hack into any government database. ( You know I'm kidding NSA) But in all seriousness, he is the most amazing plugin developer and builder. He is managing the super secretive Gates of Ender project. i2 would be the man that would build the mansion I live in. (Yes he's that epic of a builder)


Project: Adtran
Description: Large library of QuickCalls and response maps tested with TA5000 and NV838 for metro ethernet and cfm testing
Category: library
Class: Community
2 QuickCall Libraries in project://di_adtran
login
| Argument |
Description |
| userid |
|
| password |
|
| abort_execution |
If there is a failure in login this argument determines if execution is aborted or not. Default value is 1 (for yes). This corresponds with current behavior. |
noc_login
| Argument |
Description |
| userid |
|
| password |
|
device_login
| Argument |
Description |
| IP |
device IP |
| userid |
|
| password |
|
| abort_execution |
If there is a failure in login this argument determines if execution is aborted or not. Default value is 1 (for yes). This corresponds with current behavior. |
send_login
Quick call for Juniper devices through the Acme NOC
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
|
| userid |
|
| password |
|
| abort_execution |
If there is a failure in login this argument determines if execution is aborted or not. Default value is 1 (for yes). This corresponds with current behavior. |
get_version
| Argument |
Description |
| required_version |
|
verify_version
| Argument |
Description |
| required_version |
|
config_ews
config_ers
delete_cfm_service
config_ethernet_port
This is a local procedure
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
|
| uni_port |
|
| speed |
|
config_gig_ethernet_port
This is a local procedure
session Id must be specified
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
The session must be specified for local procedures |
| uni_port |
|
config_evc
This is a local procedure
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
|
| evc_name |
|
| efm_group |
|
| s_tag |
|
config_evc_map
This is a local procedure
session id is required
This procedure is part of building the Port-based Service where the S-tag is associated with the port
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
session id is required for local procedures |
| map_name |
|
| evc_name |
|
| uni_port |
|
| cos |
|
config_vlan_evc_map
This procedure is part of building VLAN-based Service where the S-tag on an EVC is associated with the cd-vlan on frames from the Ethernet (UNI - customer) port
| Argument |
Description |
| map_name |
|
| evc_name |
|
| uni_port |
|
| vlan |
|
| cos |
|
config_policer_profile
| Argument |
Description |
| policer_name |
|
| cir |
|
| eir |
|
| cbs |
|
| ebs |
|
| map_name |
|
config_nv-838
For command "show evc-map" -
Changed step event for Repeat Step "OnRepeatStepMaxCountExceeded" to Abort Test
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
|
| evc_name |
|
| efm_group |
|
| s_tag |
|
| vlan |
If the vlan is non-zero this is an ERS service and is used in the evc map. Otherwise this is EWS and it is not used.
|
| map_name |
|
| uni_port |
|
| cos |
|
| policer_name |
|
| cir |
|
| cbs |
|
cleanup
| Argument |
Description |
| nte_key |
Primary key into configuration data |
get_tx_rx_stats
| Argument |
Description |
| ethernet_port |
|
clear_stats
| Argument |
Description |
| ethernet_port |
|
add_mep
| Argument |
Description |
| md |
The name of the maintenence domain |
| ma |
The name of the maintenence association. At AT&T will always be "serv."
|
| level |
The level for the maintenence domain.
|
| ccm_interval |
The interval to send CCM heartbeats in seconds.
|
| component |
The component setting. Typically 2. |
| vlan |
The vlan to associate. In EWS this will be set to "none."
|
| interface |
The interface to be used. |
| mep_id |
The ID to assign to the MEP. |
remove_mep
| Argument |
Description |
| md |
The maintenence domain. |
| level |
The level of the maintenece domain. |
enter_config_mode
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
|
check_local_mep_error_status_by_mep_id
| Argument |
Description |
| mep_id |
The mep ID to check. |
check_remote_mep_error_status_by_mep_id
| Argument |
Description |
| mep_id |
The mep ID to check. |
check_cfm_service_status
| Argument |
Description |
| mep_id |
The mep ID to check. |
| md |
|
| ma |
|
shut_down_ccm
| Argument |
Description |
| interface |
The interface to use. |
| mep_id |
The numerical id of the MEP. |
| md |
The maintenence domain.
|
| ma |
The maintenence association.
|
change_ccm_interval
| Argument |
Description |
| md |
The maintenence domain.
|
| level |
The level of the MEP. |
| ma |
The maintenence association.
|
| ccm_interval |
The CCM interval in seconds. |
enable_ccm
| Argument |
Description |
| interface |
The interface to use. |
| mep_id |
The numerical id of the MEP. |
| md |
The maintenence domain.
|
| ma |
The maintenence association.
|
ethernet_ping
This does an ethernet ping.
| Argument |
Description |
| md |
The MD of the source, e.g vpls:280029-4. |
| ma |
The source MA of the MEP, e.g. serv.
|
| destination_mep_id |
The destination MEP ID (e.g. 1011).
|
| source_mep_id |
The source MEP ID. |
| count |
Number of pings to send. |
| priority |
The priority. |
| size |
The size of the packets. |
| timeout |
The timeout (in ms). |
| interval |
The interval to send pings (in ms).
|
| data |
Data to be carried in the loopback message (e.g. ABCDE). |
| verbose |
If you want verbose output (1) or not (0). Default is no. |
cfm_delete_domain
This does an ethernet ping.
| Argument |
Description |
| md |
|
| ma |
|
add_mep_1
| Argument |
Description |
| md |
The name of the maintenence domain |
| ma |
The name of the maintenence association. At AT&T will always be "serv."
|
| port |
|
| level |
The level for the maintenence domain.
|
| ccm_interval |
The interval to send CCM heartbeats in seconds.
|
| component |
The component setting. Typically 2. |
| vlan |
The vlan to associate. In EWS this will be set to "none."
|
| mep_id |
The ID to assign to the MEP. |
set_cfm_service_ma
| Argument |
Description |
| md |
|
| ma |
|
delete_cfm_service_ma
| Argument |
Description |
| md |
|
| ma |
|
| vlan |
|
disable_cfm_service
| Argument |
Description |
| md |
|
| ma |
|
| vlan |
|
enable_cfm_service
| Argument |
Description |
| md |
|
| ma |
|
| vlan |
|
set_cfm_domain
| Argument |
Description |
| md |
|
| ma |
|
| vlan |
|
set_cfm_domain_level
| Argument |
Description |
| md |
|
| level |
|
| ma |
|
| vlan |
|
cfm_link_trace
| Argument |
Description |
| md |
|
| destination_mep_id |
|
| source_mep_id |
|
| level |
|
| ma |
|
| vlan |
|
cleanup
Delete the efm bonding group.
Remove the evc
Leave the management interface in place
| Argument |
Description |
| nte_key |
The primary key into the configuration data |
clear_stats
| Argument |
Description |
| shelf |
|
| slot |
|
| port |
|
config_ews
| Argument |
Description |
| group_name |
Comma separate list of slot/port pairs |
| group_links |
|
| slot |
The slot for the efm bonding group |
| port |
The port for the efm bonding group |
| upstream |
Max upstream rate |
| downstream |
Max downstream rate |
| active_links_min |
Minimum number of active links in the link group |
| ip |
Inband management IP address |
| mask |
Network mask |
| gw |
Inband network default gateway |
| evc_name |
|
| s_tag |
|
| efm_group |
EFM group name |
| gig_port |
GigE port
|
| skip |
This is used to skip the create and delete of the bonding group. Possible values are yes, no. |
config_evc
This local procedure creates the evc, sets the s-tag, efm_group, and gigabit_ethernet port. There are required arguments.
If the vlan argument is 0 this is EWS and the ce-vlan is not configured (match command).
If the argument is non-0 it is ERS and the command is issued.
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
|
| evc_name |
|
| s_tag |
|
| efm_group |
|
| gig_port |
|
config_efm_link
EFM - Ethernet in the First Mile
SHDSL - Symmetric High-speed Digital Subscriber Line
The upstream and downstream rates are intended to be the rates that should be guaranteed to the customer. For example, if an 8 MB service is being sold to the customer, the upstream and downstream rates should be provisioned to be 8 MB. If the group rate falls below this value due to (1) SHDSL pairs dropping or (2) SHDSL pairs not training to a high-enough rate, the TA5000 will declare a bandwidth alarm, indicating the provisioned EFM group bandwidth is not being provided.
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
|
| shelf |
|
| group_name |
|
| slot_port |
|
| upstream |
|
| downstream |
|
| active_links_min |
The Minimum Links command, is used to set the group alarm threshold for the SHDSL pairs in the EFM bonding group and should be set to equal the number of pairs configured for the service. The minimum_links variable is equivalent to the number of links in the bonding group |
config_inband_mgmt
This information is pushed to the NetVanta 838
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
|
| group_name |
|
| ip |
|
| mask |
|
| gw |
|
| nv_name |
|
| ipv6 |
Optional - ipv6 address |
| prefix |
IPv6 Prefix |
config_ta5000
| Argument |
Description |
| nv_name |
The name of the NV-838. This is used to identify the efm-group |
| evc_name |
|
| group_links |
|
| shelf |
|
| slot |
|
| port |
|
| s_tag |
|
| upstream |
|
| downstream |
|
| active_links_min |
|
| ip |
|
| mask |
|
| gw |
|
| gig_port |
|
| ipv6 |
Optional IPv6 address |
| prefix |
IPv6 prefix - only required with an IPv6 address |
| skip |
This is used to skip the create and delete of the bonding group. Possible values are yes, no. |
create_efm_bonding_group_wizard
| Argument |
Description |
| shelf |
The links to be added to the new bonding group. These are listed in slot/port format, and port ranges can be used. For example, 1/1-8 would add slot 1, ports 1 through 8 to the new bonding group. |
| group_name |
The name of this EFM bonding group |
| group_links |
|
| upstream |
This is the provisioned upstream group bandwidth, in kB |
| downstream |
This is the provisioned downstream group bandwidth. For SHDSL, this will be equivalent to upstream_rate (SHDSL is symmetric). |
| active_links_min |
|
create_efm_bonding_group
| Argument |
Description |
| shelf |
Only 1 shelf. This could be hard coded |
| slot |
The slot of the bonding group. |
| port |
The port of the bonding group. |
| group_name |
The name of this EFM bonding group |
| group_links |
The links to be added to the new bonding group. These are listed in slot/port format, and port ranges can be used. For example, 1/1-8 would add slot 1, ports 1 through 8 to the new bonding group. |
| upstream |
This is the provisioned upstream group bandwidth, in kB |
| downstream |
This is the provisioned downstream group bandwidth. For SHDSL, this will be equivalent to upstream_rate (SHDSL is symmetric). |
| active_links_min |
|
| skip |
At times it is desirable to leave the existing configuration alone. When yes this procedure issues a message and returns. |
device_login
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
|
| IP |
device IP |
| userid |
|
| password |
|
delete_efm_bonding_group
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
|
| shelf |
The links to be added to the new bonding group. These are listed in slot/port format, and port ranges can be used. For example, 1/1-8 would add slot 1, ports 1 through 8 to the new bonding group. |
| alias |
The alias name of this EFM bonding group |
| skip |
At times it is desirable to leave the existing configuration alone. When yes this procedure issues a message and returns. |
evc_status
Check for RUNNING. If found return 1, otherwise 0
| Argument |
Description |
| evc_name |
|
get_version
| Argument |
Description |
| required_version |
|
get_tx_rx_stats
| Argument |
Description |
| shelf |
|
| slot |
|
| port |
|
get_active_nni
Use the show redundancy command to check the Current State.
Possible values are Active or Standby
login
Login detects if the Acme NOC prompt is displayed. If so, login to the NOC proceeds, followed by telnet to the device and login.
If not, login to the device.
| Argument |
Description |
| userid |
|
| password |
|
| ip |
If logging in through the NOC then the IP of the destination is required |
remove_efm_link
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
|
| shelf |
|
| slot_port |
|
| upstream |
|
| downstream |
|
| active_links_min |
|
noc_login
| Argument |
Description |
| userid |
|
| password |
|
send_login
Quick call for Juniper devices through the Acme NOC
| Argument |
Description |
| session |
|
| userid |
|
| password |
|
verify_version
| Argument |
Description |
| required_version |
|


Name *
Description
Executable name *
Type of executable * compss docker docker-compose docker-swarm kubernetes
Agent type * normal cloud micro
SLA template *
Ports
Number of agents
CPU architecture x86-64 arm
Operating system linux mac windows
Required resources
Optional resources


Graduation
I am now in college with group of Engineering Students.
I am Shivansh Mishra, Student from Mathura, India. I have rich experience in Web Developing.
Performance
Friends
Certificates
I am studying in Mathura and I am pursuing BTech CSE.
Collage is First Step of life where we in free world and learn new things with knowledge.
I love Web developing since I was 14 Y/O My favourite is HTML Then CSS.
You want to connect with me ? Click here to Message me! 👋
I am now in college with group of Engineering Students.
I Have completed my Intermediate in March 2019 with A Grade
I am learning with happiness as today as well as archiving my Goal.
I will finlly solved this question and cleared soubt about this question .
I am now thinking about Yesterday Difficult Question and trying to solve this
I have a doubt about a one question from the book and it is very difficult
You want to connect with me ? Click here to Message me! 👋


ROCK MASSES, CELTIC
"THE Celts, or Keλτοί, or Keλταί were a people of the origin of which nothing positive is known. They occupied a great part of Western Europe perhaps in times antecedent to the invasion of Indo-Germanic nations.
"The very name Celt is of uncertain etymology. Ammian derives it from the king, Kelta, or Celta; Leibnitz, from the German gelt, or geld, money; Mezerai, from the British gall, or gault, a forest; Pellontier, from the Tudesk wallen, to wander; Latour d'Auvergne, from gael, or gall, yellow, alluding to the light hair of the Galli, whom Bochart identtfies with Dodanim (for Rhodanim) of Gen. x. [a[
"But the name of Cell may probably come, as Camden says, from gwalth, a head of hair; coma, and gwalthay, comatus; from whence Keλταί. Γαλταί, or Γαλτοί, Galli or Gauls, the Gaedil, Caedil, or Keile, and in pl. Keilt, or Keiltiet, or Gaels, Gaedels, or Guidhelod, as the Irish call themselves and their tongue.
"The language called Celtic is divided into two principal branches--viz., 1. The Irish or Hibernian, from which the present Irish, or Erse, and the Gaelic of Scotland are derived. 2. The British, to which the primitive Gaellic or Gallic are allied, and from which are derived the Welsh, the Cornish, and the Armoric, or language of Brittany." [b]
"The Welsh, which is the relic of the language of the inland Britons, or Caesar's aborigines, is most probably akin to the dialect of Gallia Celtica, and the Cornish to the idiom of the Belgae, who overran the southern district of England, and probably sought refuge in the west when the Saxons were extending themselves from the eastern part of the island." [c]
But surely there are indications of a people inhabiting Cornwall long before the Saxons gained a foot of ground in England?
[a] "And the sons of Javan: Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim and Dodanim " (Gen. x. 4
[b] "A History of the Sacred Scriptures in every Language and Dialect into which Translations have been made." Bagster & Sons, 1860
[c] "Researches into the Physical History of Mankind." By James Cowles Prichard, M.D., F.A.S., vol. iii.


The compositecomponentlogin Example Application
The compositecomponentlogin application creates a composite component that accepts a username and password. The component interacts with a managed bean. The component stores the username and password in the managed bean, retrieves the values from the bean, and displays these values on the Login page.
The compositecomponentlogin application has a composite component file, a using page, and a managed bean.
The source code for this application is in the tut-install/examples/web/compositecomponentlogin/ directory.
The Composite Component File
The composite component file is an XHTML file, /web/resources/ezcomp/LoginPanel.xhtml. It has a composite:interface section that declares the labels for the username, password, and login button. It also declares a managed bean, which defines properties for the username and password.
<composite:interface> <composite:attribute name="namePrompt" default="Username: "/> <composite:attribute name="passwordPrompt" default="Password: "/> <composite:attribute name="loginButtonText" default="Log In"/> <composite:attribute name="loginAction" method-signature="java.lang.String action()"/> <composite:attribute name="myLoginBean"/> <composite:editableValueHolder name="vals" targets="form:name"/> <composite:editableValueHolder name="passwordVal" targets="form:password"/> </composite:interface>
The composite component implementation accepts input values for the username and password properties of the managed bean.
<composite:implementation> <h:form id="form"> <h:panelGrid columns="2" summary=""> <h:outputLabel for="name" value="#{cc.attrs.namePrompt}"/> <h:inputText id="name" value="#{cc.attrs.myloginBean.name}" required="true"/> <h:outputLabel for="password" value="#{cc.attrs.passwordPrompt}"/> <h:inputSecret id="password" value="#{cc.attrs.myloginBean.password}" required="true"/> </h:panelGrid/> <p> <h:commandButton id="loginButton" value="#{cc.attrs.loginButtonText}" action="#{cc.attrs.loginAction}"/> </p> </h:form> ... </composite:implementation>
The Using Page
The using page in this example application, web/index.xhtml, is an XHTML file that invokes the login composite component file along with the managed bean. It validates the user's input.
<div id="compositecomponent"> <ez:LoginPanel myLoginBean="#{myLoginBean}" loginAction="#{myLoginBean.login}"> <f:validateLength maximum="10" minimum="4" for="vals" /> <f:validateRegex pattern="((?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z]).{4,10})" for="passwordVal"/> </ez:LoginPanel> </div>
The f:validateLength tag requires the username to have from 4 to 10 characters.
The f:validateRegex tag requires the password to have from 4 to 10 characters and to contain at least one digit, one lowercase letter, and one uppercase letter,.
The Managed Bean
The managed bean, src/java/compositecomponentlogin/MyLoginBean.java, defines a method called login, which retrieves the values of the username and password.
@ManagedBean @RequestScoped public class MyLoginBean { private String name; private String password; public MyLoginBean() { } public myloginBean(String name, String password) { this.name = name; this.password = password; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String newValue) { password = newValue; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String newValue) { name = newValue; } public String login() { if (getName().equals("javaee")) { String msg = "Success. Your username is " + getName() + ", and your password is " + getPassword(); FacesMessage facesMsg = new FacesMessage(msg, msg); FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().addMessage(null, facesMsg); return "index"; } else { String msg = "Failure. Your username is " + getName() + ", and your password is " + getPassword(); FacesMessage facesMsg = new FacesMessage(FacesMessage.SEVERITY_ERROR, msg, msg); FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().addMessage(null, facesMsg); return "index"; } } }
Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Running the compositecomponentlogin Example
You can use either NetBeans IDE or Ant to build, package, deploy, and run the compositecomponentlogin example.
To Build, Package, and Deploy the compositecomponentlogin Example Using NetBeans IDE
- From the File menu, choose Open Project.
- In the Open Project dialog, navigate to:
tut-install/examples/web/
- Select the compositecomponentlogin folder.
- Select the Open as Main Project checkbox.
- Click Open Project.
- In the Projects tab, right-click compositecomponentlogin and select Deploy.
To Build, Package, and Deploy the compositecomponentlogin Example Using Ant
- In a terminal window, go to:
tut-install/examples/web/compositecomponentlogin/
- Type the following command:
ant
- Type the following command:
ant deploy
To Run the compositecomponentlogin Example
- In a web browser, type the following URL:
http://localhost:8080/compositecomponentlogin/
The Login Component page opens.
- Type values in the Username and Password fields, then click the Log In
button.
Because of the way the login method is coded, the login succeeds only if the username is javaee.
Because of the f:validateLength tag, if the username has fewer than 4 characters or more than 10 characters, a validation error message appears.
Because of the f:validateRegex tag, if the password has fewer than 4 characters or more than 10 characters or does not contain at least one digit, one lowercase letter, and one uppercase letter, a “Regex Pattern not matched” error message appears.


Guard Alvah:
Excellent! Now listen carefully.
First you must meet with Trader Arodin and get the details of the raid that occurred day before yesterday. Determine exactly which items were stolen from the cargo wagon. Trader Arodin can be found in the
Weapons Store.


Generic Italian Restaurant
Basic description
Rating
Basic description
Rating
Basic description
Rating
This can go on for as long as wanted
List of Restaurants with basic descriptions and ratings
This is the sidebar (section) open to more ideas of what can go here


1 A lengthier demonstration goes as follows. In its passage over the inland parts of Libya, the sun does this: as the air is always clear in that region, the land warm, and the winds cool, the sun does in its passage exactly as it would do in the summer passing through the middle of the heaven:
2 it draws the water to itself, and having done so, expels it away to the inland regions, and the winds catch it and scatter and dissolve it; and, as is to be expected, those that blow from that country, the south and the southwest, are the most rainy of all winds.
3 Yet I think that the sun never lets go of all of the water that it draws up from the Nile yearly, but keeps some back near itself. Then, as the winter becomes milder, the sun returns to the middle of the heaven, and after that draws from all rivers alike.
4 Meanwhile, the other rivers are swollen to high flood by the quantity of water that falls into them from the sky, because the country is rained on and cut into gullies; but in the summer they are low, lacking the rain and being drawn up too by the sun.
5 But the Nile, being fed by no rain, and being the only river drawn up by the sun in winter, at this time falls far short of the height that it had in summer; which is but natural; for in summer all other waters too and not it alone are attracted to the sun, but in the winter it alone is afflicted.


Validation errors
Form with many errors
Text is required
I'm OK
Radio is required
Checkbox is required
Select is required
Option
File field is required
Combo box is required
Rich text
is required
Form with one error
Another is required
I'm OK
Form with no errors
Control


Yes Influenza Survived {border-style px;} respiratory #ffffff;} COVID- SARS-CoV- influenza clinical patients coronavirus acute px; syndrome {font-family font-size double; pneumonia virus Elsevier Med border-color border-width cases characteristics co-infection distress early hospitalized identification lopinavir/ritonavir pathogens patient positive severe solid; {font-style {font-weight ARDS Hypertension, Infect Respiratory bold centre courier; days disease em; infection nasopharyngeal novel pt;} resource scan treatment worsening


Headings are defined with the h1 to h6 tags.
h1 defines the most important heading. h6 defines the least important heading
h1 Heading 1 /h1
h2 Heading 2 /h2
h3 Heading 3 /h3
>Search engines use the headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.
Users skim your pages by its headings. It is important to use headings to show the document structure.
h1 headings should be used for main headings, followed by h2 headings, then the less important h3, and so on.
The HTML element has nothing to do with HTML headings.
The element is a container for metadata.
HTML metadata is data about the HTML document.
Metadata is not displayed.
The element is placed between the tag and the tag:
!DOCTYPE html
html
head
title My First HTML /title
meta charset="UTF-8"
/head
body
.
.
.
Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
Right-click in an HTML page and select "View Page Source" (in Chrome) or "View Source" (in IE), or similar in other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML source code of the page.
Right-click on an element (or a blank area), and choose "Inspect" or "Inspect Element" to see what elements are made up of (you will see both the HTML and the CSS). You can also edit the HTML or CSS on-the-fly in the Elements or Styles panel that opens.


Programs tend to offer courses that will provide student's knowledge in network operating systems, networking hardware and platforms, such as Linux or Windows. Students delve into hardware, software and network systems as well as network protocols, local networks, data network convergence, network security and wireless networks. Students have can pursue a concentration as part of their degree program like network security. Courses may address topics such as:
CS
IT
IS
SE
Mobarak
Ahmed
Mans
Mazen
Osama
System Software
App Software
Utilities Software
My Software XD
communication
data-driven
document-driven
knowledge-driven
model-driven
Intelligence
Design
Choice
Implementation


2019 LA Auto Show: Aston Martin DBX SUV debuts, its first-ever five-seater
by Team ODAston Martin, the storied British sports and GT carmaker has firmly established itself in the SUV race with this, the Aston Martin DBX. The brand's first-ever five-seater, the DBX is also based on a completely new SUV architecture that will spawn a range of models.
The styling is still unmistakably Aston. The front is dominated by the signature grille, but adds slightly smaller lamps and big functional bumper inserts. The soft contours are still evident throughout the body while the signature fender-cut is also present. Other touches are the frameless doors, the exaggerated coupe shape with the extended C-pillar and the upswept decked bootlid, all reminiscent of the brand's sports cars. All the elements right from the front ducts to the spoiler have been developed to be aerodynamically efficient.
The interiors are done up in wood, composite and metal veneers with special attention to space for all body types and sizes, the subtle glass touches also remain. Materials like one based on wool and others processed from flax are used to replace carbon-fibre trim. The front seats have been derived from the brand's sports cars but new features like a bridged centre console, a 12.3-inch instrument cluster, a 10.25-inch central screen, full-length panoramic sunroof with an Alcantara cover, 360-degree camera and a two-zone 64-colour ambient light. Aston Martin claims special attention has been paid to make the cabin as airy and spacious as possible. The DBX will also be available with special use packages for buyers with different needs and a full suite of assistance and safety systems. Boot space is 632 litres.
The DBX's new architecture uses a bonded aluminium construction, like its other cars, for lightness and strength. The Aston SUV weighs 2,245kg and features tech like a three-chamber air-suspension system and a 48v electric anti-roll control system. This can raise ride height by 45mm or lower it by 50mm for use in a range of off-road and dynamic situations. The DBX continues to use the Mercedes-sourced 4.0-litre twin-turbo V8 as seen on the Vantage and DB11. Here it has been specifically tuned to make 550PS and 700Nm. It pairs with a 9-speed torque-converter, again Mercedes tech, to get the DBX from 0 to 100kmph in 4.5s and up to a top speed of 291kmph. There is also an AWD system and an active centre differential and an electronically limited rear differential.
The Aston Martin DBX will cost around Rs 1.5 crore before options and duties when it debuts internationally before June 2020. Expect the DBX to make it to India soon after that.


NodePDX creates a time and a place for the Portland JavaScript community to share information, discuss ideas, and work together to improve the art and science of hacking.
We have two days of awesome engaging talks about JavaScript on the command-line, in the browser, or on a device, presented by some of the best JavaScript developers the West Coast has to offer.
We have created a dedicated space and filled half of our schedule with hands-on DIY electronics workshops working on JavaScript programmable hardware platforms.
Inclusiveness is extremely important. We keep the ticket prices cheap and present a mix of topics that will appeal to both the savvy developer or total n00b, and everyone in-between.
The first NodePDX was an authentic-yet-unpolished DIY experience. Held in the basement of a local co-working space, with on-site massage therapy, homemade lunches, and a mellow after-party at the bar next door. The success of this conference set everything else in motion...
The 2013 conference was a major step forward. With real sponsorship behind us, we rented an awesome venue, had a hardware hacking room, a dance party with a live band and a DJ, and numerous quad-coptors flying overhead, all set to disco lighting.
The 2016 conference featured a live band, food trucks, a ping-pong party, Geek Train, bike ride, two days of amazing talks, hands-on workshops, an on-site massage therapist, and a hardware hacking lab! Wow!!
The only thing we're sure about is that NodePDX is not over. We might be back in 2018, 2019, or maybe 2020... but we will be back!
If you're interested in getting involved, please reach out to us!


◆ __init__()
| def ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.__init__ |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
grid, |
|
|
|
coef |
|
) |
| |
◆ __call__()
| def ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.__call__ |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
d, |
|
|
|
k1, |
|
|
|
k2, |
|
|
|
t = 0.0 |
|
) |
| |
create FEM matrix in so-called "matrix diagonal ordered form"
◆ crossterm_diffusion_matrix()
| def ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.crossterm_diffusion_matrix |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
crossterm_diffusion_function |
|
) |
| |
creates the cross-term contributions to the diffusion matrix in matrix diagonal ordered form NOTE that this contribution is ONLY active when t > 0
◆ diffusion_matrix()
| def ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.diffusion_matrix |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
diffusion_function |
|
) |
| |
creates the diffusion matrix in matrix diagonal ordered form
◆ mass_matrix()
| def ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.mass_matrix |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
reaction_function |
|
) |
| |
creates the mass matrix in matrix diagonal ordered form
◆ quadrature_points()
| def ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.quadrature_points |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ coef
| ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.coef |
◆ D0
| ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.D0 |
◆ D1
| ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.D1 |
◆ D2
| ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.D2 |
◆ grid
| ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.grid |
◆ L2_vec
| ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.L2_vec |
◆ M1
| ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.M1 |
◆ M2
| ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.M2 |
◆ qp
| ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.qp |
◆ sqrtM
| ode_solve.FEM_coefficient_matrix_generator.sqrtM |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- /home/runner/work/Documentation/Documentation/master/applications/ExaquteSandboxApplication/python_scripts/WindGenerator/ode_solve.py


{{basics.name}}
{{basics.label}}
About
{{basics.biography}}
Contact
Email
{{basics.email}}
Phone
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Introduction
This tutorial takes will walk trough the basics of 2D Math in video games. The math needed for 2D is not too complicated, it relies mainly on geometry and trigonometry with a little bit or linear algebra. We're going to cover all three of these topics in great detail.
We're going to build two projects troughout this tutorial, the first one being a classic raycaster like doom. The second project is going to be a free form platformer, a clone of cartoon networks Samurai Jack, Code of the Samurai. We're also going to take a look at new ways to orgonize game states.
Resources for this tutorial are mainly in the form of Khan-Academy videos, tough the raycasting section was based on a chapter of this book, if you would like a PDF copy let me know. The book is written for an extinct version Java but it's still a damn good book.
License
This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.
In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this software under copyright law.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
For more information, please refer to http://unlicense.org


If you're looking for something that really scrapes the bottom of the Christmas barrel, you could scarcely do worse than the immortal "Santa Claus Conquers the Martians" (1964), which used to pollute neighborhood theaters annually as a kiddie matinee during the 1960s. I was among the millions of innocent kids taken to see this when I was a toddler, and it's a miracle I ever set foot in a theater again.
"Martians" tells a warped tale of lonely Martian youth who seem to be growing up in the Valley of the Dolls. All their meals come in pill form and "sleep spray" is used to help them get their rest. When the young ones appear even more lifeless than usual, Kimar (Leonard Hicks, who intones each line with such seriousness you'd think he was doing Shakespeare), the Martian leader, embarks on a trip to Earth to kidnap Santa Claus (John Call, who staggers around as if Santa has been chugging a little too much pre-holiday eggnog).
A trip to another world would probably be a welcome change of season for Santa, since Mrs. Claus comes off as an old scold ("Go finish painting those hobby horses!" she barks at Santa), while Santa himself seems a bit, shall we say, out of it, promising a TV reporter he'll be using his reindeer "Prancer, and Dancer, and Donder, and Blitzen, and Vixen and Nixon" to make the annual deliveries. "Wowee wow!" the intrepid journalist responds.
Santa is eventually spirited away to Mars, along with Earth kids Betty and Billy, who sound like they came straight outta Newark.
Although the title would seem to promise a rousing battle between Saint Nick and the space invaders, excitement turns out to be in short supply. Santa eventually "conquers" Mars by teaching everyone Christmas carols and opening a toy factory on the Red Planet. There's also a disturbingly perky theme song, "Hooray For Santa Claus," which goes "Hoo-ray for Santy Claus/Yea yea for Santy Claus/. . .When we hear sleigh bells ring/Our hearts go ting-a-ling!" Oh yeah, I got your ting-a-ling right here, buddy. . .
It's all about as heartwarming as a documentary about reconstructive bowel surgery, a procedure you may need should you choose to sit through all 82 minutes of "Santa Claus Conquers the Martians." James Sanford
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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This site is important for teens because it helps teens on their future and help them decide what they want to be later in life
It can help you in a lot of different ways
A job can give you experience, money, be a hobby, and plenty more
We made this site because 80% of teens are jobless and we want to make that number lower
This site was made for teens by teens
We've tried to look for jobs ourselves and realized how difficult it was to find opportunities
This site is the solution for all teens


Blog Archive 2015 The Linked Data Mind Set Feb 20 2015 2014 How Information Entropy teaches us to Improve Data Quality May 08 2014 Sonification and Auditory Display Primer Jan 19 2014 LEP Economic Profiles - How do local assets affect productivity Jan 17 2014 2013 How to choose a Sample Size Oct 18 2013 Open Infrastructure - Tools for Smarter Citizens Oct 17 2013 Open Data Sources - Beyond the Public Sector Mar 20 2013 Public Sector Information: what’s available and where you can find it Mar 18 2013 Open Data Business Models Mar 01 2013 9 Tools Every Information Analyst Should Have Jan 30 2013 Information Failure is not a Business Case Jan 16 2013 2012 Pay for outcomes not activity Dec 19 2012 3 Metrics for Heath Economics Analysis Dec 19 2012 Modest Evaluation and the Burden of Proof Dec 11 2012 What is Infonomics? Dec 06 2012 5 Questions to Consider Before Commissioning an Evaluation Dec 05 2012 Open For Business Nov 13 2012 The Economics of Open Data Oct 25 2012 2011 Winning Public Sector Contracts Nov 30 2011 2010 An Introduction to GNU-R Sep 23 2010 Introducing the AutoReporter Aug 18 2010 Impact Evaluation Methods Apr 27 2010 2009 Statisticians are sexy! Sep 14 2009 The public has spoken - exploring e-petitions Apr 24 2009 People Managed Places Feb 13 2009 2008 Lies, Damn Lies, and your Evidence Base Dec 19 2008 Information Markets as a Tool for Forecasting and Policy Development Aug 04 2008


6.1 Description of Stacks
The distinguishing
characteristic of a stack is that it stores and retrieves data
in a last-in, first-out, or LIFO, manner. This means that the last element
placed on the stack is the first to be removed. A convenient
way to think of a stack is as a can of tennis balls.  When we remove the balls, the can is emptied from
the top to the bottom. Furthermore, if we want a ball from the
bottom of the can, we must remove each of the balls above it.
In computing, to place an element on the top of a stack, we
push it; to remove an
element from the top, we pop it
(see Figure
6.1). Sometimes it is useful to inspect the element at the
top of a stack without actually removing it, in which case we
peek at it.
|


Chapter 11 Linear model 2
11.1 Learning goals
- Multiple regression.
- Appreciate model assumptions.
- Several continuous predictors.
- Hypothesis tests.
- Interpreting parameters.
- Reporting results.
- One categorical predictor.
- Both continuous and categorical predictors.
- Interpreting interactions.
11.2 Load packages and set plotting theme
library("knitr") # for knitting RMarkdown
library("kableExtra") # for making nice tables
library("janitor") # for cleaning column names
library("broom") # for tidying up linear models
library("corrr") # for calculating correlations between many variables
library("corrplot") # for plotting correlations
library("GGally") # for running ggpairs() function
library("tidyverse") # for wrangling, plotting, etc.
# include references for used packages
knitr::write_bib(.packages(), "packages.bib")
11.3 Load data sets
Let’s load the data sets that we’ll explore in this class:
# credit data set
df.credit = read_csv("data/credit.csv") %>%
rename(index = X1) %>%
clean_names()
# advertising data set
df.ads = read_csv("data/advertising.csv") %>%
clean_names() %>%
rename(index = x1)
| variable | description |
|---|---|
| income | in thousand dollars |
| limit | credit limit |
| rating | credit rating |
| cards | number of credit cards |
| age | in years |
| education | years of education |
| gender | male or female |
| student | student or not |
| married | married or not |
| ethnicity | African American, Asian, Caucasian |
| balance | average credit card debt |
11.4 Multiple continuous variables
Let’s take a look at a case where we have multiple continuous predictor variables. In this case, we want to make sure that our predictors are not too highly correlated with each other (as this makes the interpration of how much each variable explains the outcome difficult). So we first need to explore the pairwise correlations between variables.
11.4.1 Explore correlations
The corrr
package is great for exploring correlations between variables. To find out more how corrr
works, take a look at this vignette:
Here is an example that illustrates some of the key functions in the corrr
package (using the advertisement data):
## rowname index tv radio newspaper sales
## 1 index
## 2 tv .02
## 3 radio -.11 .05
## 4 newspaper -.15 .06 .35
## 5 sales -.05 .78 .58 .23
<IP_ADDRESS> Visualize correlations
<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Correlations with the dependent variable
df.credit %>%
select_if(is.numeric) %>%
correlate(quiet = T) %>%
select(rowname, income) %>%
mutate(rowname = reorder(rowname, income)) %>%
drop_na() %>%
ggplot(aes(x = rowname,
y = income,
fill = income)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0) +
geom_col(color = "black",
show.legend = F) +
scale_fill_gradient2(low = "indianred2",
mid = "white",
high = "skyblue1",
limits = c(-1, 1)) +
coord_flip() +
theme(axis.title.y = element_blank())
<IP_ADDRESS>.2 All pairwise correlations
tmp = df.credit %>%
select_if(is.numeric) %>%
correlate(diagonal = 0,
quiet = T) %>%
rearrange() %>%
column_to_rownames() %>%
as.matrix() %>%
corrplot()
## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'seriation':
## method from
## reorder.hclust gclus
With some customization:
df.ads %>%
select(-index) %>%
ggpairs(lower = list(continuous = wrap("points",
alpha = 0.3)),
upper = list(continuous = wrap("cor", size = 8))) +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank())
11.4.2 Multipe regression
Now that we’ve explored the correlations, let’s have a go at the multiple regression.
<IP_ADDRESS> Visualization
We’ll first take another look at the pairwise relationships:
tmp.x = "tv"
# tmp.x = "radio"
# tmp.x = "newspaper"
# tmp.y = "radio"
tmp.y = "radio"
# tmp.y = "tv"
ggplot(df.ads,
aes_string(x = tmp.x, y = tmp.y)) +
stat_smooth(method = "lm",
color = "black",
fullrange = T) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.3) +
annotate(geom = "text",
x = -Inf,
y = Inf,
hjust = -0.5,
vjust = 1.5,
label = str_c("r = ", cor(df.ads[[tmp.x]], df.ads[[tmp.y]]) %>%
round(2) %>% # round
str_remove("^0+") # remove 0
),
size = 8) +
theme(text = element_text(size = 30))
TV ads and radio ads aren’t correlated. Yay!
<IP_ADDRESS> Fitting, hypothesis testing, evaluation
Let’s see whether adding radio ads is worth it (over and above having TV ads).
# fit the models
fit_c = lm(sales ~ 1 + tv, data = df.ads)
fit_a = lm(sales ~ 1 + tv + radio, data = df.ads)
# do the F test
anova(fit_c, fit_a)
## Analysis of Variance Table
##
## Model 1: sales ~ 1 + tv
## Model 2: sales ~ 1 + tv + radio
## Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)
## 1 198 2102.53
## 2 197 556.91 1 1545.6 546.74 < 2.2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
It’s worth it!
Let’s evaluate how well the model actually does. We do this by taking a look at the residual plot, and check whether the residuals are normally distributed.
tmp.fit = lm(sales ~ 1 + tv + radio, data = df.ads)
df.plot = tmp.fit %>%
augment() %>%
clean_names()
# residual plot
ggplot(df.plot,
aes(x = fitted,
y = resid)) +
geom_point()
There is a slight non-linear trend in the residuals. We can also see that the residuals aren’t perfectly normally distributed. We’ll see later what we can do about this …
Let’s see how well the model does overall:
fit_a %>%
glance() %>%
kable(digits = 3) %>%
kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "striped",
full_width = F)
| r.squared | adj.r.squared | sigma | statistic | p.value | df | logLik | AIC | BIC | deviance | df.residual |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.897 | 0.896 | 1.681 | 859.618 | 0 | 3 | -386.197 | 780.394 | 793.587 | 556.914 | 197 |
As we can see, the model almost explains 90% of the variance. That’s very decent!
<IP_ADDRESS> Visualizing the model fits
Here is a way of visualizing how both tv ads and radio ads affect sales:
df.plot = lm(sales ~ 1 + tv + radio, data = df.ads) %>%
augment() %>%
clean_names()
df.tidy = lm(sales ~ 1 + tv + radio, data = df.ads) %>%
tidy()
ggplot(df.plot, aes(x = radio, y = sales, color = tv)) +
geom_point() +
scale_color_gradient(low = "gray80", high = "black") +
theme(legend.position = c(0.1, 0.8))
We used color here to encode TV ads (and the x-axis for the radio ads).
In addition, we might want to illustrate what relationship between radio ads and sales the model predicts for three distinct values for TV ads. Like so:
df.plot = lm(sales ~ 1 + tv + radio, data = df.ads) %>%
augment() %>%
clean_names()
df.tidy = lm(sales ~ 1 + tv + radio, data = df.ads) %>%
tidy()
ggplot(df.plot, aes(x = radio, y = sales, color = tv)) +
geom_point() +
geom_abline(intercept = df.tidy$estimate[1] + df.tidy$estimate[2] * 200,
slope = df.tidy$estimate[3]) +
geom_abline(intercept = df.tidy$estimate[1] + df.tidy$estimate[2] * 100,
slope = df.tidy$estimate[3]) +
geom_abline(intercept = df.tidy$estimate[1] + df.tidy$estimate[2] * 0,
slope = df.tidy$estimate[3]) +
scale_color_gradient(low = "gray80", high = "black") +
theme(legend.position = c(0.1, 0.8))
<IP_ADDRESS> Interpreting the model fits
Fitting the augmented model yields the following estimates for the coefficients in the model:
fit_a %>%
tidy(conf.int = T) %>%
head(10) %>%
kable(digits = 2) %>%
kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "striped",
full_width = F)
| term | estimate | std.error | statistic | p.value | conf.low | conf.high |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Intercept) | 2.92 | 0.29 | 9.92 | 0 | 2.34 | 3.50 |
| tv | 0.05 | 0.00 | 32.91 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| radio | 0.19 | 0.01 | 23.38 | 0 | 0.17 | 0.20 |
<IP_ADDRESS> Standardizing the predictors
One thing we can do to make different predictors more comparable is to standardize them.
## Warning: funs() is soft deprecated as of dplyr 0.8.0
## Please use a list of either functions or lambdas:
##
## # Simple named list:
## list(mean = mean, median = median)
##
## # Auto named with `tibble::lst()`:
## tibble::lst(mean, median)
##
## # Using lambdas
## list(~ mean(., trim = .2), ~ median(., na.rm = TRUE))
## This warning is displayed once per session.
df.ads %>%
select(-newspaper) %>%
head(10) %>%
kable(digits = 2) %>%
kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "striped",
full_width = F)
| index | tv | radio | sales | tv_scaled | radio_scaled |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 230.1 | 37.8 | 22.1 | 0.97 | 0.98 |
| 2 | 44.5 | 39.3 | 10.4 | -1.19 | 1.08 |
| 3 | 17.2 | 45.9 | 9.3 | -1.51 | 1.52 |
| 4 | 151.5 | 41.3 | 18.5 | 0.05 | 1.21 |
| 5 | 180.8 | 10.8 | 12.9 | 0.39 | -0.84 |
| 6 | 8.7 | 48.9 | 7.2 | -1.61 | 1.73 |
| 7 | 57.5 | 32.8 | 11.8 | -1.04 | 0.64 |
| 8 | 120.2 | 19.6 | 13.2 | -0.31 | -0.25 |
| 9 | 8.6 | 2.1 | 4.8 | -1.61 | -1.43 |
| 10 | 199.8 | 2.6 | 10.6 | 0.61 | -1.39 |
We can standardize (z-score) variables using the scale()
function.
# tmp.variable = "tv"
tmp.variable = "tv_scaled"
ggplot(df.ads,
aes_string(x = tmp.variable)) +
stat_density(geom = "line",
size = 1) +
annotate(geom = "text",
x = median(df.ads[[tmp.variable]]),
y = -Inf,
label = str_c("sd = ", sd(df.ads[[tmp.variable]]) %>% round(2)),
size = 10,
vjust = -1,
hjust = 0.5
) +
annotate(geom = "text",
x = median(df.ads[[tmp.variable]]),
y = -Inf,
label = str_c("mean = ", mean(df.ads[[tmp.variable]]) %>% round(2)),
size = 10,
vjust = -3,
hjust = 0.5
)
Scaling a variable leaves the distribution intact, but changes the mean to 0 and the SD to 1.
11.5 One categorical variable
Let’s compare a compact model that only predicts the mean, with a model that uses the student variable as an additional predictor.
# fit the models
fit_c = lm(balance ~ 1, data = df.credit)
fit_a = lm(balance ~ 1 + student, data = df.credit)
# run the F test
anova(fit_c, fit_a)
## Analysis of Variance Table
##
## Model 1: balance ~ 1
## Model 2: balance ~ 1 + student
## Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)
## 1<PHONE_NUMBER>2
## 2<PHONE_NUMBER>0 1 5658372 28.622 1.488e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = balance ~ 1 + student, data = df.credit)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -876.82 -458.82 -40.87 341.88 1518.63
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 480.37 23.43 20.50 < 2e-16 ***
## studentYes 396.46 74.10 5.35 1.49e-07 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 444.6 on 398 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.06709, Adjusted R-squared: 0.06475
## F-statistic: 28.62 on 1 and 398 DF, p-value: 1.488e-07
The summary()
shows that it’s worth it: the augmented model explains a signifcant amount of the variance (i.e. it significantly reduces the proportion in error PRE).
11.5.1 Visualization of the model predictions
Let’s visualize the model predictions. Here is the compact model:
ggplot(df.credit,
aes(x = index,
y = balance)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = mean(df.credit$balance),
size = 1) +
geom_segment(aes(xend = index,
yend = mean(df.credit$balance)),
alpha = 0.1) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.5)
It just predicts the mean (the horizontal black line). The vertical lines from each data point to the mean illustrate the residuals.
And here is the augmented model:
df.fit = fit_a %>%
tidy() %>%
mutate(estimate = round(estimate,2))
ggplot(df.credit,
aes(x = index,
y = balance,
color = student)) +
geom_hline(yintercept = df.fit$estimate[1],
size = 1,
color = "#E41A1C") +
geom_hline(yintercept = df.fit$estimate[1] + df.fit$estimate[2],
size = 1,
color = "#377EB8") +
geom_segment(data = df.credit %>%
filter(student == "No"),
aes(xend = index,
yend = df.fit$estimate[1]),
alpha = 0.1,
color = "#E41A1C") +
geom_segment(data = df.credit %>%
filter(student == "Yes"),
aes(xend = index,
yend = df.fit$estimate[1] + df.fit$estimate[2]),
alpha = 0.1,
color = "#377EB8") +
geom_point(alpha = 0.5) +
scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1") +
guides(color = guide_legend(reverse = T))
Note that this model predicts two horizontal lines. One for students, and one for non-students.
Let’s make simple plot that shows the means of both groups with bootstrapped confidence intervals.
ggplot(data = df.credit,
mapping = aes(x = student, y = balance, fill = student)) +
stat_summary(fun.y = "mean",
geom = "bar",
color = "black",
show.legend = F) +
stat_summary(fun.data = "mean_cl_boot",
geom = "linerange",
size = 1) +
scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set1")
And let’s double check that we also get a signifcant result when we run a t-test instead of our model comparison procedure:
t.test(x = df.credit$balance[df.credit$student == "No"],
y = df.credit$balance[df.credit$student == "Yes"])
##
## Welch Two Sample t-test
##
## data: df.credit$balance[df.credit$student == "No"] and df.credit$balance[df.credit$student == "Yes"]
## t = -4.9028, df = 46.241, p-value = 1.205e-05
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -559.2023 -233.7088
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y
## 480.3694 876.8250
11.5.2 Dummy coding
When we put a variable in a linear model that is coded as a character or as a factor, R automatically recodes this variable using dummy coding. It uses level 1 as the reference category for factors, or the value that comes first in the alphabet for characters.
df.credit %>%
select(income, student) %>%
mutate(student_dummy = ifelse(student == "No", 0, 1))%>%
head(10) %>%
kable(digits = 2) %>%
kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "striped",
full_width = F)
| income | student | student_dummy |
|---|---|---|
| 14.89 | No | 0 |
| 106.03 | Yes | 1 |
| 104.59 | No | 0 |
| 148.92 | No | 0 |
| 55.88 | No | 0 |
| 80.18 | No | 0 |
| 21.00 | No | 0 |
| 71.41 | No | 0 |
| 15.12 | No | 0 |
| 71.06 | Yes | 1 |
11.5.3 Reporting the results
To report the results, we could show a plot like this:
df.plot = df.credit
ggplot(df.plot,
aes(x = student,
y = balance)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.1,
position = position_jitter(height = 0, width = 0.1)) +
stat_summary(fun.data = "mean_cl_boot",
geom = "linerange",
size = 1) +
stat_summary(fun.y = "mean",
geom = "point",
size = 4)
And then report the means and standard deviations together with the result of our signifance test:
df.credit %>%
group_by(student) %>%
summarize(mean = mean(balance),
sd = sd(balance)) %>%
mutate_if(is.numeric, funs(round(., 2)))
## # A tibble: 2 x 3
## student mean sd
## <chr> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 No 480. 439.
## 2 Yes 877. 490
11.6 One continuous and one categorical variable
Now let’s take a look at a case where we have one continuous and one categorical predictor variable. Let’s first formulate and fit our models:
# fit the models
fit_c = lm(balance ~ 1 + income, df.credit)
fit_a = lm(balance ~ 1 + income + student, df.credit)
# run the F test
anova(fit_c, fit_a)
## Analysis of Variance Table
##
## Model 1: balance ~ 1 + income
## Model 2: balance ~ 1 + income + student
## Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)
## 1<PHONE_NUMBER>5
## 2<PHONE_NUMBER>4 1 5269691 34.331 9.776e-09 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
We see again that it’s worth it. The augmented model explains significantly more variance than the compact model.
11.6.1 Visualization of the model predictions
Let’s visualize the model predictions again. Let’s start with the compact model:
df.augment = fit_c %>%
augment() %>%
clean_names()
ggplot(df.augment,
aes(x = income,
y = balance)) +
geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = F, color = "black") +
geom_segment(aes(xend = income,
yend = fitted),
alpha = 0.3) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.3)
This time, the compact model still predicts just one line (like above) but note that this line is not horizontal anymore.
df.tidy = fit_a %>%
tidy() %>%
mutate(estimate = round(estimate,2))
df.augment = fit_a %>%
augment() %>%
clean_names()
ggplot(df.augment,
aes(x = income,
y = balance,
group = student,
color = student)) +
geom_segment(data = df.augment %>%
filter(student == "No"),
aes(xend = income,
yend = fitted),
color = "#E41A1C",
alpha = 0.3) +
geom_segment(data = df.augment %>%
filter(student == "Yes"),
aes(xend = income,
yend = fitted),
color = "#377EB8",
alpha = 0.3) +
geom_abline(intercept = df.tidy$estimate[1],
slope = df.tidy$estimate[2],
color = "#E41A1C",
size = 1) +
geom_abline(intercept = df.tidy$estimate[1] + df.tidy$estimate[3],
slope = df.tidy$estimate[2],
color = "#377EB8",
size = 1) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.3) +
scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1") +
theme(legend.position = c(0.1, 0.9)) +
guides(color = guide_legend(reverse = T))
The augmented model predicts two lines again, each with the same slope (but the intercept differs).
11.7 Interactions
Let’s check whether there is an interaction between how income affects balance for students vs. non-students.
11.7.1 Visualization
Let’s take a look at the data first.
ggplot(data = df.credit,
mapping = aes(x = income,
y = balance,
group = student,
color = student)) +
geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = F) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.3) +
scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1") +
theme(legend.position = c(0.1, 0.9)) +
guides(color = guide_legend(reverse = T))
Note that we just specified here that we want to have a linear model (via geom_smooth(method = "lm")
). By default, ggplot2
assumes that we want a model that includes interactions. We can see this by the fact that two fitted lines are not parallel.
But is the interaction in the model worth it? That is, does a model that includes an interaction explain significantly more variance in the data, than a model that does not have an interaction.
11.7.2 Hypothesis test
Let’s check:
# fit models
fit_c = lm(formula = balance ~ income + student, data = df.credit)
fit_a = lm(formula = balance ~ income * student, data = df.credit)
# F-test
anova(fit_c, fit_a)
## Analysis of Variance Table
##
## Model 1: balance ~ income + student
## Model 2: balance ~ income * student
## Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)
## 1<PHONE_NUMBER>4
## 2<PHONE_NUMBER>5 1 204509 1.3334 0.2489
Nope, not worth it! The F-test comes out non-significant.
11.8 Additional resources
11.8.1 Datacamp
11.8.2 Misc
11.9 Session info
Information about this R session including which version of R was used, and what packages were loaded.
## R version 3.6.2 (2019-12-12)
## Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin15.6.0 (64-bit)
## Running under: macOS Mojave 10.14.6
##
## Matrix products: default
## BLAS: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/lib/libRblas.0.dylib
## LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib
##
## locale:
## [1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8
##
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
##
## other attached packages:
## [1] forcats_0.4.0 stringr_1.4.0 dplyr_0.8.3 purrr_0.3.3
## [5] readr_1.3.1 tidyr_1.0.0 tibble_2.1.3 tidyverse_1.3.0
## [9] GGally_1.4.0 ggplot2_3.2.1 corrplot_0.84 corrr_0.4.0
## [13] broom_0.5.3 janitor_1.2.0 kableExtra_1.1.0 knitr_1.26
##
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
## [1] colorspace_1.4-1 ellipsis_0.3.0 snakecase_0.11.0
## [4] htmlTable_1.13.3 base64enc_0.1-3 fs_1.3.1
## [7] rstudioapi_0.10 farver_2.0.1 fansi_0.4.0
## [10] lubridate_1.7.4 xml2_1.2.2 codetools_0.2-16
## [13] splines_3.6.2 zeallot_0.1.0 Formula_1.2-3
## [16] jsonlite_1.6 cluster_2.1.0 dbplyr_1.4.2
## [19] png_0.1-7 compiler_3.6.2 httr_1.4.1
## [22] backports_1.1.5 assertthat_0.2.1 Matrix_1.2-18
## [25] lazyeval_0.2.2 cli_2.0.0 acepack_1.4.1
## [28] htmltools_0.4.0 tools_3.6.2 gtable_0.3.0
## [31] glue_1.3.1 reshape2_1.4.3 Rcpp_1.0.3
## [34] cellranger_1.1.0 vctrs_0.2.1 gdata_2.18.0
## [37] nlme_3.1-142 iterators_1.0.12 xfun_0.11
## [40] rvest_0.3.5 lifecycle_0.1.0 gtools_3.8.1
## [43] dendextend_1.13.2 MASS_7.3-51.4 scales_1.1.0
## [46] TSP_1.1-7 hms_0.5.2 RColorBrewer_1.1-2
## [49] yaml_2.2.0 gridExtra_2.3 rpart_4.1-15
## [52] reshape_0.8.8 latticeExtra_0.6-29 stringi_1.4.3
## [55] highr_0.8 gclus_1.3.2 foreach_1.4.7
## [58] checkmate_1.9.4 seriation_1.2-8 caTools_<IP_ADDRESS>
## [61] rlang_0.4.2 pkgconfig_2.0.3 bitops_1.0-6
## [64] evaluate_0.14 lattice_0.20-38 htmlwidgets_1.5.1
## [67] labeling_0.3 tidyselect_0.2.5 plyr_1.8.5
## [70] magrittr_1.5 bookdown_0.16 R6_2.4.1
## [73] gplots_<IP_ADDRESS> generics_0.0.2 Hmisc_4.3-0
## [76] DBI_1.1.0 pillar_1.4.3 haven_2.2.0
## [79] foreign_0.8-72 withr_2.1.2 survival_3.1-8
## [82] nnet_7.3-12 modelr_0.1.5 crayon_1.3.4
## [85] utf8_1.1.4 KernSmooth_2.23-16 rmarkdown_2.0
## [88] viridis_0.5.1 jpeg_0.1-8.1 grid_3.6.2
## [91] readxl_1.3.1 data.table_1.12.8 reprex_0.3.0
## [94] digest_0.6.23 webshot_0.5.2 munsell_0.5.0
## [97] registry_0.5-1 viridisLite_0.3.0