Constructor
new AuthClass(config)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
config |
Object | Configuration of the Auth |
- Source:
Methods
configure(config) → {Object}
Configure Auth part with aws configurations
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
config |
Object | Configuration of the Auth |
- Source:
Returns:
- Current configuration
- Type
- Object
confirmSignIn(user, code) → {Promise}
Send MFA code to confirm sign in
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
user |
Object | The CognitoUser object |
code |
String | The confirmation code |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to CognitoUser if success
- Type
- Promise
confirmSignUp(username, code) → {Promise}
Send the verification code to confirm sign up
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
username |
String | The username to be confirmed |
code |
String | The verification code |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves callback data if success
- Type
- Promise
currentAuthenticatedUser() → {Promise}
Get current authenticated user
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to curret authenticated CognitoUser if success
- Type
- Promise
currentCredentials() → {Promise}
Get current user credentials or guest credentials depend on sign in status.
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to be the current credentials
- Type
- Promise
currentSession()
Get current user's session
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to session object if success
currentUser() → {Promise}
Get current CognitoUser
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to curret CognitoUser if success
- Type
- Promise
currentUserCredentials() → {Promise}
Get authenticated credentials of current user.
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to be current user's credentials
- Type
- Promise
(async) currentUserInfo() → {Object}
Get user information
- Source:
Returns:
- current User's information
- Type
- Object
currentUserSession() → {Promise}
Get current user's session
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to session object if success
- Type
- Promise
essentialCredentials(credentials) → {Object}
Compact version of credentials
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
credentials |
Object |
- Source:
Returns:
- Credentials
- Type
- Object
forgotPassword(username) → {Promise}
Initiate a forgot password request
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
username |
String | the username to change password |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves if success
- Type
- Promise
forgotPasswordSubmit(username, code, password) → {Promise}
Confirm a new password using a confirmation Code
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
username |
String | The username |
code |
String | The confirmation code |
password |
String | The new password |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise that resolves if success
- Type
- Promise
guestCredentials() → {Promise}
Get unauthenticated credentials
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to be a guest credentials
- Type
- Promise
noSessionCredentials() → {Object}
- Source:
Returns:
- A new guest CognitoIdentityCredentials
- Type
- Object
resendSignUp(username) → {Promise}
Resend the verification code
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
username |
String | The username to be confirmed |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves data if success
- Type
- Promise
sessionToCredentials(session) → {Object}
Produce a credentials based on the session
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
session |
Object | The session used to generate the credentials |
- Source:
Returns:
- A new CognitoIdentityCredentials
- Type
- Object
signIn(username, password) → {Promise}
Sign in
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
username |
String | The username to be signed in |
password |
String | The password of the username |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves the CognitoUser object if success or mfa required
- Type
- Promise
signOut() → {Promise}
Sign out method
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolved if success
- Type
- Promise
signUp(username, password, email, phone_number) → {Promise}
Sign up with username, password and other attrbutes like phone, email
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
username |
String | The username to be signed up |
password |
String | The password of the user |
email |
String | The email of the user |
phone_number |
String | the phone number of the user |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves callback data if success
- Type
- Promise
userAttributes(user) → {Promise}
Return user attributes
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
user |
Object | The CognitoUser object |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to user attributes if success
- Type
- Promise
userSession(user) → {Promise}
Get the corresponding user session
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
user |
Object | The CognitoUser object |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to the session
- Type
- Promise
verifyCurrentUserAttribute(attr) → {Promise}
Initiate an attribute confirmation request for the current user
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
attr |
String | The attributes to be verified |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to callback data if success
- Type
- Promise
verifyCurrentUserAttributeSubmit(attr, code) → {Promise}
Confirm current user's attribute using a confirmation code
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
attr |
String | The attribute to be verified |
code |
String | The confirmation code |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to callback data if success
- Type
- Promise
verifyUserAttribute(user, attr) → {Promise}
Initiate an attribute confirmation request
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
user |
Object | The CognitoUser |
attr |
Object | The attributes to be verified |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to callback data if success
- Type
- Promise
verifyUserAttributeSubmit(user, attr, code) → {Promise}
Confirm an attribute using a confirmation code
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
user |
Object | The CognitoUser |
attr |
Object | The attribute to be verified |
code |
String | The confirmation code |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise resolves to callback data if success
- Type
- Promise


CHAPTER 330
POISONS, SALE OF
Section
330-1 Definition of poison
330-2 Rules concerning poisons
330-3 Penalty for violations
330-4 to 7 Repealed
330-8 Use of certain chemical substances as inhalants
unlawful
330-9 Penalty
330-10 Penalty


Hong Kong Protests
by Associated Press1 / 11A man with his face covered in pepper spray walks down a street of Hong Kong Monday, Nov. 11, 2019. Hong Kong is in the sixth month of protests that began in June over a proposed extradition law and have expanded to include demands for greater democracy and other grievances. (AP Photo/Kin Cheung)
HONG KONG (AP) — The Latest on Hong Kong protests (all times local):
6 p.m.
Hong Kong's leader says her administration will "spare no effort" in bringing an end to anti-government protests that have wracked the city for more than five months.
Carrie Lam spoke to reporters Monday during a day of spiraling violence that included the shooting by police of an unarmed protester and the setting on fire of a man during an argument over national identity.
Lam said she did not want to go into details, but her comments are likely to fuel speculation that harsher legal and police measures may be in the works.
Lam also said there would be no giving way to protesters' demands for political concessions.
"If there is still any wishful thinking that, by escalating violence, the Hong Kong SAR government will yield to pressure to satisfy the so-called political demands, I am making this statement clear and loud here: That will not happen," Lam said, using the initials for Special Administrative Region, which describes the city's status as a semi-autonomous Chinese territory.
___
3:30 p.m.
A man has been set on fire following an apparent dispute over national identity in Hong Kong, where police shot a protester on a day of escalating violence.
The man set on fire around midday was in critical condition in a city hospital. Video posted online show him arguing with a group of young people, before someone douses him with a liquid and strikes a lighter.
The police shooting was also captured on video Monday as demonstrators blocked train lines and roads during the morning commute to push their demands for democratic reforms. The Hong Kong hospital authority said the person shot was in critical condition.
The violence is likely to further inflame passions after a student died Friday from injuries suffered in an earlier fall and police arrested six pro-democracy lawmakers over the weekend.
___
10 a.m.
A video posted online in Hong Kong shows police shooting at least one protester as demonstrators disrupted the morning rush hour.
A police officer collars one protester and then shoots another who approaches in the video posted on Facebook on Monday by online video outlet Cupid Producer.
The shooting occurred in a crosswalk at a large intersection strewn with debris that had backed-up traffic.
The officer also fires at a third protester who approached. It was unclear if the protester was hit.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} Money Claims Prototype {% endblock %} {% block content %} ALPHA This is a new service – your feedback will help us to improve it. Back Judgment details The court will enter a judgment in your favour, Mary Richards is no longer able to file a response. I would like the defendant to be ordered to: What do you want to do? Pay immediately Pay by installments (monthly) Pay full amount by a set date {% endblock %}
ALPHA This is a new service – your feedback will help us to improve it.
The court will enter a judgment in your favour, Mary Richards is no longer able to file a response.


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Tutorial
HTML Duke Coursera
This is part of an exercise I'm doing as a HTML tutorial
Division 2
I'm bored
Why am I doing this? Oh yes! WIRIN!
Bold and Emphasis
This is a paragraph to show bold, emphasis and nested bold and emphasis. Fun times.
Hyperlinking and Images
Here's a link to the Duke University site. Here's an image:
Tables and Lists
Here is an unordered nested list
- Item 1
- Item 2
- Item 3 - Another list
- Item 4
Here is an ordered nested list
- Item 1
- Item 2
- Item 3 - Another list
- abc
- def
- Item 4
Here is a table
| Col1 |
Col2 |
| Dat1 |
Dat2 |
| Dat3 |
Dat4 |


We’re building our design team and would love to hear from you — find out more here.
By taking the hassle out of finding and booking home services, we help people spend their time on the things that really matter — playing with their kids, actually making it to the gym, or maybe reading that book that’s been sitting on the nightstand for the last month. We like to think of what we're building as "quality time as a service" and who doesn't want more of that?


Office Hours allows users to create Online office hour schedules which are available to the public through various screens. These schedules can be easily modified or removed from the system. There is both a user control panel and an Administrator Control Panel. In the User Control Panel the user can add, remove, and maintain schedules. In the administrator control panel, the administrator has all the rights to access all the organizational information. The administrator can also update, delete, or add branch location and organization information.
The power to maintain the information on the Office Hours Board screen is controlled by the Administrator. Initially, upon opening the website, you are asked to Login to an existing Organization or create an Organization. If you go into an existing organization, it will prompt you to ask if you are an Administrator or User and then the program will process accordingly. If the User selects the Administration then the User logs into the Administrator Control Panel, otherwise the User control panel will appear.
If the User is creating a new organization, the User must fill in the required information to create New organization.
Created with the Personal Edition of HelpNDoc: Free PDF documentation generator


The Development Design Process
Traditionally, the development design process has been depicted as a series of steps that designers follow to come up with an appropriate solution to a problem. However, the application of design thinking to new kind of problems has proven that this interpretation of design presents several and substantial misconceptions.
First of all, there is not a unique, simple and optima solution that must be applied to solve a specific problem. On the contrary, there is a space of solutions that should be explored to find out a meaningful solution. Secondly, there is not a single sequence of steps to solve a problem; design is not a deterministic (systematic) activity but a stochastic (heuristic) labor. Finally, designers do not always face with “well-structured problems”. The classical view of design considers that “ill-structured problems” are only so at first analysis: thanks to problem-solvers applying certain problem-solving strategies, these problems rapidly acquire structure. Unfortunately, the experience has shown the incorrectness of this approach. More of the design problems are wicked to solve.
As a result, the shape of the development design process has changed markedly over the last ten years. Currently, the development design process is mainly conceived as an iterative and incremental process that allows ongoing adaptation and improvement.


--- ---
|
TGUI
v0.7-dev
|
Classes | |
| struct | Line |
Public Types | |
| typedef std::shared_ptr< ChatBox > | Ptr |
| Shared widget pointer. | |
| typedef std::shared_ptr< const ChatBox > | ConstPtr |
| Shared constant widget pointer. | |
| Public Types inherited from tgui::Widget | |
| typedef std::shared_ptr< Widget > | Ptr |
| Shared widget pointer. | |
| typedef std::shared_ptr< const Widget > | ConstPtr |
| Shared constant widget pointer. | |
Public Member Functions | |
| ChatBox (const ChatBox ©) | |
| Copy constructor. More... | |
| ChatBox & | operator= (const ChatBox &right) |
| Overload of assignment operator. More... | |
| std::shared_ptr< ChatBoxRenderer > | getRenderer () const |
| Returns the renderer, which gives access to functions that determine how the widget is displayed. More... | |
| void | setSize (const Layout2d &size) override |
| Changes the size of the chat box. More... | |
| virtual sf::Vector2f | getFullSize () const override |
| Returns the full size of the chat box. More... | |
| void | addLine (const sf::String &text) |
| Add a new line of text to the chat box. More... | |
| void | addLine (const sf::String &text, unsigned int textSize) |
| Add a new line of text to the chat box. More... | |
| void | addLine (const sf::String &text, const sf::Color &color) |
| Add a new line of text to the chat box. More... | |
| void | addLine (const sf::String &text, const sf::Color &color, unsigned int textSize, const Font &font=nullptr) |
| Add a new line of text to the chat box. More... | |
| sf::String | getLine (std::size_t lineIndex) const |
| Returns the contents of the requested line. More... | |
| sf::Color | getLineColor (std::size_t lineIndex) const |
| Returns the color of the requested line. More... | |
| unsigned int | getLineTextSize (std::size_t lineIndex) const |
| Returns the text size of the requested line. More... | |
| std::shared_ptr< sf::Font > | getLineFont (std::size_t lineIndex) const |
| Returns the font of the requested line. More... | |
| bool | removeLine (std::size_t lineIndex) |
| Removes the requested line. More... | |
| void | removeAllLines () |
| Removes all lines from the chat box. | |
| std::size_t | getLineAmount () |
| Returns the amount of lines in the chat box. More... | |
| void | setLineLimit (std::size_t maxLines) |
| Set a maximum amount of lines in the chat box. More... | |
| std::size_t | getLineLimit () |
| Returns the maximum amount of lines in the chat box. More... | |
| virtual void | setFont (const Font &font) override |
| Changes the default font of the text. More... | |
| void | setTextSize (unsigned int size) |
| Changes the default character size of the text. More... | |
| unsigned int | getTextSize () const |
| Returns the default character size of the text. More... | |
| void | setTextColor (const Color &color) |
| Changes the default color of the text. More... | |
| const sf::Color & | getTextColor () const |
| Returns the default color of the text. More... | |
| void | setScrollbar (Scrollbar::Ptr scrollbar) |
| Changes the scrollbar of the chat box. More... | |
| Scrollbar::Ptr | getScrollbar () const |
| Access the scrollbar of the chat box. More... | |
| void | setLinesStartFromTop (bool startFromTop=true) |
| Let the first lines start from the top or from the bottom of the chat box. More... | |
| bool | getLinesStartFromTop () const |
| Returns whether the first lines start from the top or from the bottom of the chat box. More... | |
| void | setNewLinesBelowOthers (bool newLinesBelowOthers=true) |
| Set whether new lines are added below the other lines or above them. More... | |
| bool | getNewLinesBelowOthers () const |
| Returns whether new lines are added below the other lines or above them. More... | |
| virtual void | setOpacity (float opacity) override |
| Changes the opacity of the widget. More... | |
| virtual sf::Vector2f | getWidgetOffset () const override |
| Returns the distance between the position where the widget is drawn and where the widget is placed. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from tgui::Widget | |
| Widget () | |
| Default constructor. | |
| Widget (const Widget ©) | |
| Copy constructor. More... | |
| ~Widget () | |
| Destructor. | |
| Widget & | operator= (const Widget &right) |
| Overload of assignment operator. More... | |
| std::shared_ptr< WidgetRenderer > | getRenderer () const |
| Returns the renderer, which gives access to functions that determine how the widget is displayed. More... | |
| virtual void | setPosition (const Layout2d &position) override |
| set the position of the widget More... | |
| virtual sf::Vector2f | getAbsolutePosition () const |
| Get the absolute position of the widget instead of the relative position to its parent. More... | |
| virtual void | show () |
| Shows the widget. More... | |
| virtual void | showWithEffect (ShowAnimationType type, sf::Time duration) |
| Shows the widget by introducing it with an animation. More... | |
| virtual void | hide () |
| Hides the widget. More... | |
| virtual void | hideWithEffect (ShowAnimationType type, sf::Time duration) |
| Hides the widget by making it leave with an animation. More... | |
| bool | isVisible () const |
| Returns true when the widget is visible. More... | |
| virtual void | enable () |
| Enables the widget. More... | |
| virtual void | disable (bool blockMouseEvents=true) |
| Disables the widget. More... | |
| bool | isEnabled () const |
| Returns true when the widget is enabled. More... | |
| virtual void | focus () |
| Focus the widget. More... | |
| virtual void | unfocus () |
| Unfocus the widget. More... | |
| bool | isFocused () const |
| Returns true when the widget is focused and false otherwise. More... | |
| const std::string & | getWidgetType () const |
| Returns the type of the widget. More... | |
| Container * | getParent () const |
| Returns a pointer to the parent widget. More... | |
| float | getOpacity () const |
| Returns the opacity of the widget. More... | |
| virtual void | moveToFront () |
| Places the widget before all other widgets. | |
| virtual void | moveToBack () |
| Places the widget behind all other widgets. | |
| void | setToolTip (Widget::Ptr toolTip) |
| Sets the tool tip that should be displayed when hovering over the widget. More... | |
| Widget::Ptr | getToolTip () |
| Returns the tool tip that is displayed when hovering over the widget. More... | |
| std::shared_ptr< sf::Font > | getFont () const |
| Returns the font associated with the widget (if any) More... | |
| void | detachTheme () |
| Detach the theme from the widget. More... | |
| std::shared_ptr< BaseTheme > | getTheme () const |
| Returns the theme to which the widget is currently connected. More... | |
| std::string | getPrimaryLoadingParameter () const |
| Returns the primary parameter that was passed to the loader to load this widget. More... | |
| std::string | getSecondaryLoadingParameter () const |
| Returns the secondary parameter that was passed to the loader to load this widget. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from tgui::Transformable | |
| virtual | ~Transformable ()=default |
| Virtual destructor. | |
| void | setPosition (const Layout &x, const Layout &y) |
| set the position of the widget More... | |
| sf::Vector2f | getPosition () const |
| get the position of the widget More... | |
| void | move (const Layout2d &offset) |
| Move the widget by a given offset. More... | |
| void | move (const Layout &x, const Layout &y) |
| Move the widget by a given offset. More... | |
| void | setSize (const Layout &width, const Layout &height) |
| Changes the size of the widget. More... | |
| virtual sf::Vector2f | getSize () const |
| Returns the size of the widget. More... | |
| void | scale (const Layout2d &factors) |
| Scale the widget. More... | |
| void | scale (const Layout &x, const Layout &y) |
| Scale the widget. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from tgui::SignalWidgetBase | |
| SignalWidgetBase ()=default | |
| Default constructor. | |
| SignalWidgetBase (const SignalWidgetBase ©) | |
| Copy constructor. More... | |
| SignalWidgetBase & | operator= (const SignalWidgetBase &right) |
| Overload of assignment operator. More... | |
| template<typename Func , typename... Args> | |
| unsigned int | connect (const std::string &signalNames, Func func, Args...args) |
| Connects a signal handler function to one or more signals. More... | |
| template<typename Func , typename... Args> | |
| unsigned int | connectEx (const std::string &signalName, Func func, Args...args) |
| Connects a signal handler function to one or more signals. More... | |
| void | disconnect (unsigned int id) |
| Disconnects a connection. More... | |
| void | disconnectAll (const std::string &signalName) |
| Disconnect all connections from a certain signal. More... | |
| void | disconnectAll () |
| Disconnect all connections from a all signals. | |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static ChatBox::Ptr | create () |
| Creates a new chat box widget. More... | |
| static ChatBox::Ptr | copy (ChatBox::ConstPtr chatBox) |
| Makes a copy of another chat box. More... | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| virtual void | reload (const std::string &primary="", const std::string &secondary="", bool force=false) override |
| Reload the widget. More... | |
| virtual Widget::Ptr | clone () const override |
| Makes a copy of the widget if you don't know its exact type. More... | |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from tgui::Widget | |
| void | attachTheme (std::shared_ptr< BaseTheme > theme) |
| Attach a theme to the widget. More... | |
| tgui::ChatBox::ChatBox | ( | const ChatBox & | copy | ) |
Copy constructor.
| copy | Instance to copy |
| void tgui::ChatBox::addLine | ( | const sf::String & | text | ) |
Add a new line of text to the chat box.
The whole text passed to this function will be considered as one line for the getLine and removeLine functions, even if it is too long and gets split over multiple lines.
The default text color and character size will be used.
| text | Text that will be added to the chat box |
| void tgui::ChatBox::addLine | ( | const sf::String & | text, |
| unsigned int | textSize | ||
| ) |
Add a new line of text to the chat box.
The whole text passed to this function will be considered as one line for the getLine and removeLine functions, even if it is too long and gets split over multiple lines.
The default text color will be used.
| text | Text that will be added to the chat box |
| textSize | Size of the text |
| void tgui::ChatBox::addLine | ( | const sf::String & | text, |
| const sf::Color & | color | ||
| ) |
Add a new line of text to the chat box.
The whole text passed to this function will be considered as one line for the getLine and removeLine functions, even if it is too long and gets split over multiple lines.
The default character size will be used.
| text | Text that will be added to the chat box |
| color | Color of the text |
| void tgui::ChatBox::addLine | ( | const sf::String & | text, |
| const sf::Color & | color, | ||
| unsigned int | textSize, | ||
| const Font & | font = nullptr |
||
| ) |
Add a new line of text to the chat box.
The whole text passed to this function will be considered as one line for the getLine and removeLine functions, even if it is too long and gets split over multiple lines.
|
inlineoverrideprotectedvirtual |
Makes a copy of the widget if you don't know its exact type.
This function should only be used when you don't know the type of the widget. If you know what kind of widget you are copying, you should use the copy function.
Implements tgui::Widget.
|
static |
Makes a copy of another chat box.
| chatBox | The other chat box |
|
static |
Creates a new chat box widget.
|
overridevirtual |
Returns the full size of the chat box.
This is the size including the borders.
Reimplemented from tgui::Transformable.
| sf::String tgui::ChatBox::getLine | ( | std::size_t | lineIndex | ) | const |
Returns the contents of the requested line.
| lineIndex | The index of the line of which you request the contents. The first line has index 0. |
| std::size_t tgui::ChatBox::getLineAmount | ( | ) |
Returns the amount of lines in the chat box.
| sf::Color tgui::ChatBox::getLineColor | ( | std::size_t | lineIndex | ) | const |
Returns the color of the requested line.
| lineIndex | The index of the line of which you request the color. The first line has index 0. |
| std::shared_ptr<sf::Font> tgui::ChatBox::getLineFont | ( | std::size_t | lineIndex | ) | const |
Returns the font of the requested line.
| lineIndex | The index of the line of which you request the font. The first line has index 0. |
| std::size_t tgui::ChatBox::getLineLimit | ( | ) |
Returns the maximum amount of lines in the chat box.
Only the last maxLines lines will be kept. Lines above those will be removed. Disabled when set to 0 (default).
| bool tgui::ChatBox::getLinesStartFromTop | ( | ) | const |
Returns whether the first lines start from the top or from the bottom of the chat box.
Note that this only makes a difference when the lines don't fill the entire chat box. This does not change the order of the lines, new lines will always be below older lines.
| unsigned int tgui::ChatBox::getLineTextSize | ( | std::size_t | lineIndex | ) | const |
Returns the text size of the requested line.
| lineIndex | The index of the line of which you request the text size. The first line has index 0. |
| bool tgui::ChatBox::getNewLinesBelowOthers | ( | ) | const |
Returns whether new lines are added below the other lines or above them.
|
inline |
Returns the renderer, which gives access to functions that determine how the widget is displayed.
| Scrollbar::Ptr tgui::ChatBox::getScrollbar | ( | ) | const |
Access the scrollbar of the chat box.
You should not change the scrollbar yourself
|
inline |
Returns the default color of the text.
|
inline |
Returns the default character size of the text.
|
overridevirtual |
Returns the distance between the position where the widget is drawn and where the widget is placed.
This is basically the width and height of the optional borders drawn around widgets.
Reimplemented from tgui::Widget.
Overload of assignment operator.
| right | Instance to assign |
|
overrideprotectedvirtual |
Reload the widget.
| primary | Primary parameter for the loader |
| secondary | Secondary parameter for the loader |
| force | Try to only change the looks of the widget and not alter the widget itself when false |
| Exception | when the connected theme could not create the widget |
When primary is an empty string the built-in white theme will be used.
Reimplemented from tgui::Widget.
| bool tgui::ChatBox::removeLine | ( | std::size_t | lineIndex | ) |
Removes the requested line.
| lineIndex | The index of the line that should be removed. The first line has index 0. |
|
overridevirtual |
Changes the default font of the text.
| font | The new font. |
When you don't call this function then the font from the parent widget will be used.
Reimplemented from tgui::Widget.
| void tgui::ChatBox::setLineLimit | ( | std::size_t | maxLines | ) |
Set a maximum amount of lines in the chat box.
Only the last maxLines lines will be kept. Lines above those will be removed. Set to 0 to disable the line limit (default).
| maxLines | The maximum amount of lines that the chat box can contain. |
| void tgui::ChatBox::setLinesStartFromTop | ( | bool | startFromTop = true | ) |
Let the first lines start from the top or from the bottom of the chat box.
Note that this only makes a difference when the lines don't fill the entire chat box. This does not change the order of the lines, new lines will always be below older lines.
| startFromTop | Let the first lines be placed at the top of the chat box, or remain at the bottom? |
By default the first lines will be placed at the bottom of the chat box.
| void tgui::ChatBox::setNewLinesBelowOthers | ( | bool | newLinesBelowOthers = true | ) |
Set whether new lines are added below the other lines or above them.
| newLinesBelowOthers | Should the addLine function insert the line below the existing lines? |
By default the new lines are always added below the others.
|
overridevirtual |
Changes the opacity of the widget.
| opacity | The opacity of the widget. 0 means completely transparent, while 1 (default) means fully opaque. |
Reimplemented from tgui::Widget.
| void tgui::ChatBox::setScrollbar | ( | Scrollbar::Ptr | scrollbar | ) |
Changes the scrollbar of the chat box.
| scrollbar | The new scrollbar to use in the chat box |
Pass a nullptr to remove the scrollbar. Note that when removing the scrollbar while there are too many lines to fit in the chat box then the oldest lines will be removed.
The scrollbar should have no parent and you should not change it yourself. The function is meant to be used like this:
|
overridevirtual |
Changes the size of the chat box.
This size does not include the borders.
| size | The new size of the chat box |
Reimplemented from tgui::Widget.
| void tgui::ChatBox::setTextColor | ( | const Color & | color | ) |
Changes the default color of the text.
| color | The new default text color. |
| void tgui::ChatBox::setTextSize | ( | unsigned int | size | ) |
Changes the default character size of the text.
| size | The new default text size. The minimum text size is 8. |


if ( value == 399 ) System.out.println("Correct Value"); else System.out.println("Wrong Value");
In the following, X
and Y
represent numbers that can be compared.
| Expression | Equivalent |   | Expression | Equivalent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| !(X < Y) | X >= Y | !(X >= Y) | X < Y | |
| !(X > Y) | X <= Y | !(X <= Y) | X > Y | |
| !(X == Y) | X != Y | !(X != Y) | X == Y |
Usually if you have an expression that uses a NOT operator, replace it with an equivalent comparison that does not use a NOT. If this is not possible, rewrite the expression so that the NOT applies to the smallest subexpression possible.
Rewrite the following if
statement:
if ( !(car.price > 8000 ) ) System.out.println("Affordable"); else System.out.println("Too Expensive!");


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[gecode-users] Initialization of internal tree nodes in the unary Edge Finding propagator
Christian Schulte
cschulte at kth.se
Fri Sep 24 14:23:28 CEST 2010
Hi,
Maybe we take that offline as the scheduling stuff is not yet final.
Christian
--
Christian Schulte, web.ict.kth.se/~cschulte/
-----Original Message-----
From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf
Of Roberto Castañeda
Sent: Friday, September 24, 2010 12:46 PM
To: users at gecode.org
Subject: [gecode-users] Initialization of internal tree nodes in the unary
Edge Finding propagator
Hello, everyone!
I am studying the propagation algorithms for unary resource constraints from
Petr Vilím [1], and looking at how they are implemented in Gecode 3.4.0.
While looking at the implementation of the Edge Finding algorithm
(scheduling/unary/edge-finding.hpp),
I have found a discrepancy with respect to Algorithm 2.6 in [1] that I do
not really understand: in the Gecode implementation, the internal nodes of
the Theta-Lambda tree are not initialized (i.e. assigned values for p, ect,
lp, lect computed from the leaves upwards) at the beginning of the
algorithm.
I have also checked if this makes any difference on the propagation for the
root search node for the example from Figure 2.4. [1]. This is the frequency
of execution of each propagator before reaching the fixpoint with the
original Gecode Edge Finding
algorithm:
6 Detectable Precedences
6 Edge Finding
6 Not-First/Not-Last
3 Overload Checking
3 Subsumed
And this is the frequency when I initialized all nodes at the beginning
(with time complexity O(n)):
4 Detectable Precedences
4 Edge Finding
4 Not-First/Not-Last
2 Overload Checking
2 Subsumed
While the constraint stores in the fixpoint are equal in both cases, the
second version (which I believe is what [1] proposes) saves one iteration of
the whole family of unary resource propagators. Is there any reason I missed
for not initializing the internal nodes of the Theta-Lambda tree?
I attach the Figure 2.4. example code.
Best regards,
Roberto
[1] Petr Vilím, Global Constraints in Scheduling, PhD thesis, Charles
University, Prague, Czech Republic, 2007.
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© 2019
| macedonicus macedonica macedonicum | of Macedonia | |||
| macedonicus | macedonic | adj | Macedonicus of or pertaining to Macedonia | |
| Anthemis macedonica Boiss. & Orph. Sempervivum macedonicum Praeger Astragalus macedonicus Heldr. & Charrel | ||||
| macerrimus macerrima macerrimum | thinnest | |||
| superlative of macer | macer | adj | thin, meagre, barren | |
| rimus | rim | adj | superlative suffix; most so, to the greatest degree; most-, -est (e.g. largest, prettiest, whitest) | |
| macradenus macradena macradenum | with large glands | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| aden | aden | noun/f | αδην, ενοϛ acorn, gland | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Erodium macradenum L'Her. ex Gren. & Godr. | ||||
| macrantherus macranthera macrantherum | large anthered | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| anthera | anther | noun/f | ανϑηρα Mod L anther | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Quercus macranthera Fisch. & C. A. Mey. ex Hohen. | ||||
| macranthopsis macranthopses | large flower-like | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| anthos | anth | noun/n | ανϑοϛ flower | |
| opsis | ops | noun/f | οψιϛ an appearance; a seeing | |
| Tricyrtis macranthopsis Masam. | ||||
| macranthus macrantha macranthum | large flowered | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| anthos | anth | noun/n | ανϑοϛ flower | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Scrophularia macrantha Greene ex Stiefelhagen Allium macranthum Baker Erigeron macranthus Nutt. | ||||
| macroalbus macroalba macroalbum | large white | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| albus | alb | adj | white, dead white; pale; bright | |
| macrocalyx macrocalyces | large calyx | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| calyx | calyc | noun/f | καλυξ, υκοϛ husk, covering, calyx | |
| Clinopodium macrocalyx Small | ||||
| macrocarpus macrocarpa macrocarpum | large fruited | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| carpos | carp | noun/m | καρποϛ fruit | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Oenothera macrocarpa Nutt. Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Coult. & Rose Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl. | ||||
| macrocentron macrocentra | large spine | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| centron | centr | noun/n | κεντρον a sting; sharp point; spur | |
| Delphinium macrocentron Oliv. | ||||
| macrocephalus macrocephala macrocephalum | large head | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| cephale | cephal | noun/f | κεφαλη head; front; end, point; source, top; chief person | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Centaurea macrocephala Puschk. ex Willd. Trifolium macrocephalum (Pursh) Poir. Carduus macrocephalus Desf. | ||||
| macrodon macrodontes | large tooth | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| odon | odont | noun/m | οδων, οντοϛ Ion a tooth | |
| Astragalus macrodon (Hook. & Arn.) Gray | ||||
| macrodontus macrodonta macrodontum | large toothed | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| odon | odont | noun/m | οδων, οντοϛ Ion a tooth | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Pedicularis macrodonta Richards. Salpianthus macrodontus Standl. | ||||
| macroglossus macroglossa macroglossum | large tongued | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| glossa | gloss | noun/f | γλωσσα the tongue; a language | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Digitaria macroglossa Henr. Senecio macroglossus DC. | ||||
| macrolepis macrolepides | large scales | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| lepis | lepid | noun/f | λεπιϛ scale, shell | |
| Balsamorhiza macrolepis Sharp | ||||
| macropetalus macropetala macropetalum | large petals | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| petalum | petal | noun/n | πεταλον Mod L petal (Gk: leaf, tablet) | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Clematis macropetala Ledeb. Allium macropetalum Rydb. Rubus macropetalus Dougl. ex Hook. | ||||
| macrophyllus macrophylla macrophyllum | large leaved | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| phyllon | phyll | noun/n | φυλλον leaf; foliage | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Anemonopsis macrophylla Sieb. & Zucc. Rhododendron macrophyllum D.Don ex G.Don Aster macrophyllus L. | ||||
| macropunctatus macropunctata macropunctatum | large spots | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| punctum | punct | noun/n | something that is pricked; a puncture; a spot; a small portion | |
| atus | at | adj | adjectival suffix for nouns: possessive of or likeness of something (with, shaped, made)/ for verb participles: a completed action, -ed | |
| Callistemon macropunctatus auct. | ||||
| macropus macropodi | large stalk (foot) | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| pus | pod | noun/m | πουϛ, ποδοϛ foot | |
| Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq. Entodon macropus nom. illeg. orthogr. pro | ||||
| macrorhizus macrorhiza macrorhizum | large rooted | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| rhiza | rhiz | noun/f | ριζα root; stem, origin | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Campanula macrorhiza A.DC. ex Gay Cymopterus macrorhizus Buckl. | ||||
| macrosiphon macrosiphon | large tube | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| siphon | siphon | noun/m | σιφων, ωνοσ reed, straw, tube | |
| Iris macrosiphon Torr. | ||||
| macrospermus macrosperma macrospermum | large seed | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| sperma | sperm | noun/n | σπερμα seed, germ | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Asclepias macrosperma Eastw. Chenopodium macrospermum Hook. f. | ||||
| macrostachyus macrostachya macrostachyum | large spikes | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| stachys | stachy | noun/m | σταχυϛ spike; ear of corn | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Psoralea macrostachya DC. Heterocentron macrostachyum Naud. Aeluropus macrostachyus Hack. | ||||
| macrostemon macrostemones | large stamen | |||
| macros | macr | adj | μακροϛ long; tall, high, deep, far | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| stemon | stemon | noun/m | στημων L: stamen warp in loom; thread | |
| Rubus macrostemon Focke | ||||
| maculatus maculata maculatum | spotted | |||
| maculatus | maculat | ppar | maculo to spot, stain, pollute, defile | |
| Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh Arum maculatum L. Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (L.) King & H.E. Robins. | ||||
| magnipunctatus magnipunctata magnipunctatum | large spots | |||
| magnus | magn | adj | large, great, high, extensive | |
| i | i | cnct | connective vowel used by botanical Latin | |
| punctum | punct | noun/n | something that is pricked; a puncture; a spot; a small portion | |
| atus | at | adj | adjectival suffix for nouns: possessive of or likeness of something (with, shaped, made)/ for verb participles: a completed action, -ed | |
| Punctillaria magnipunctata (Haw.) N. E. Br. Mesembryanthemum magnipunctatum Haw. Pleiospilos magnipunctatus (Haw.) Schwantes | ||||
| magnus magna magnum | large | |||
| magnus | magn | adj | large, great, high, extensive | |
| Avena magna Murphy & Terrell Ischaemum magnum Rendle Lupinus magnus Greene | ||||
| majalis majalis majale | in May | |||
| majus | maj | noun/m | Maius May | |
| alis | al | adj | adjective suffix for nouns: of or pertaining to | |
| Convallaria majalis L. | ||||
| major major majus | larger (originally spelled maior) | |||
| major | maj | adj | comparative of magnus large, great, high, extensive | |
| Astrantia major L. Ammi majus L. | ||||
| malacodendron malacodendra | soft tree | |||
| malacos | malac | adj | μαλακοϛ soft, gentle; youthful; womanish | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| dendron | dendr | noun/n | δενδρον, ου tree | |
| Stewartia malacodendron L. | ||||
| malacophyllus malacophylla malacophyllum | soft leaves | |||
| malacos | malac | adj | μαλακοϛ soft, gentle; youthful; womanish | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| phyllon | phyll | noun/n | φυλλον leaf; foliage | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Acacia malacophylla Benth. Dichanthelium malacophyllum (Nash) Gould Orostachys malacophyllus (Pall.) Fisch. | ||||
| mammillaris mammillaris mammillare | with nipples | |||
| mammilla | mammill | noun/f | incorrect spelling of mamilla; a breast, teat | |
| aris | ar | adj | alis adjective suffix for nouns: of or pertaining to | |
| Raoulia mammillaris Hook.f. | ||||
| mammulosus mammulosa mammulosum | nippled | |||
| mamma | mamm | noun/f | a mother; a breast, teat | |
| ula | ul | noun/f | ulus dimutive substantive suffix for 1st & 2nd declension nouns | |
| osus | os | adj | adjective suffix for nouns: plenitude or notable development | |
| mancus manca mancum | defective, imperfect | |||
| mancus | manc | adj | maimed; defective, imperfect | |
| Rosa manca Greene Eriogonum mancum Rydb. | ||||
| mani manorum | of the hand(s) | |||
| generative of manus | man | noun/f | a hand | |
| manicatus manicata manicatum | long sleeved | |||
| manicatus | manicat | adj | having long sleeves | |
| Passiflora manicata (Juss.) Pers. |


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asymptomatic SARS-CoV- patients COVID- infection []. {border-style infections (). px;} #ffffff;} coronavirus â€" characteristics (Epub ahead confirmed print). transmission viral test China disease symptoms virus NOA clinical close family cases novel swab [], infected /Male China. addition, detected number people px; source {font-family ()# COVID-. Engl. Infect. Med.(), acid case contacts continue diagnosis font-size infection. isolation nucleic outbreaks period screening serological spread tests ()Â§ (â†‘ )â€ Clin. Dis. January SARS-CoV-, Therefore, [,]. cluster contagious double; epidemic individuals performed samples specific suspected symptomatic .collab: /Female Health However, Wuhan, border-color border-width high important incubation large load mild obvious outbreak outbreaks. respiratory solid; studies study symptoms. transmission. value {font-style {font-weight â€¢ Asymptomatic COVID-, December IgG Med. NAT Nasopharyngeal RT-PCR Wuhan al.A bold cause caused contact courier; detection diagnosed em; emerging family-clustered healthcare indicating laboratory measures members nasopharyngeal observation patients, person-to-person persons pneumonia positive potential pt;} relatively stool testing tomography transmit various


|
Perl Weekly
Issue #136 - 2014-03-03 - YAPC::NA - Early Bird Registration Payments extended!
latest | archive | by Gabor Szabo
|
|
Hi,
there are 14 Perl related events listed for the coming months. Two in the US; the rest in Europe. Have you heard about them? Have they made any announcements? Are you going to attend? Can you help them reach more people?
|
|
|
Announcements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Articles
|
Perl levels up with native subroutine signatures
v5.19.9 the latest development release of Perl edging toward 5.20 already has an experimental feature called 'signatures'. It will let you declare sub f($name, $email) {} eliminating the need to deal with @_. It is still far away from what Method::Signatures provides, but at least it will be part of the language.
|
|
In Praise of Perl 5
Chris Travers show 3 examples from code where HTML is embedded in Perl to using Moose, and explains how malleable Perl is. To quote him: "Perl isn't just a programming language, but a toolkit for building programming languages inside it."
|
|
Testing
|
Announcing Test::mongod
As explained by the author, Jesse Shy, this will launch a throw away instance of MongoDB in the /tmp directory to make it seamless to write tests.
|
|
Easier Database Fixtures
Ovid improved DBIx::Class::EasyFixture eliminating half the lines you had to write for setting up some data in a database for testing.
|
|
My Favourite Test::* Modules
Toby Inkster recommends the following: Test::More 0.96, Test::Fatal, Test::Warnings, Test::Requires, Test::Deep, Test::LongString, and a few more.
|
|
Code
|
Towards Type::Tiny 1.000000
The original intention of Type::Tiny written by Toby Inkster was to provide a framework for attribution to Moose-style class builders, but can also be used for sub parameter validation, switch-like statements, tied arrays, and probably more. Now that it is getting closer to its major release, Toby is looking for more use-cases that might bring in more test-cases to the unit tests of Type::Tiny. That will help in ensuring stability of the API after the 1.0 release.
|
|
Significant newlines? Or semicolons?
Jeffrey Kegler explains that the DSL of Marpa, which is written in itself, can be understood without requiring significant white-spaces, and without an end-of-statement mark.
|
|
Finding my computer
Salvador Fandino is finding his computer by ssh-ing to all the 512 IP addresses in the network of his employer. Will he be terminated for attempted break-in? Or will he be able to find his own computer?
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CPAN
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Grants
|
New Rules of Operation - Grants Committee
Makoto Nozaki, the new head of The Perl Foundation Grants Committee has announced the new rules. 1) Calls for grants will be every 2 months. 2) Grant limit is up to 10,000 USD. 3) Some other, minor issues.
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Videos
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Perl 6
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Weekly collections
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Perl Maven Tutorials
As a side note, the Perl Maven site passed daily 6,000 visits for the first time on February 25.
|
How to get Help for Perl?
Just a list of channels where people can ask for Perl. My hope is that there will be localized versions of this page, pointing out resources, in the respective languages. So if you are a native speaker of some language other than English, please help.
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Events
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Perl-related events
In the following cities: Lyon (FR), Hannover (DE), Cluj (RO), Swindon (UK), Utrecht (NL), Silver Spring, (MD/USA), Poznan (PL), Prague (CZ), Oslo (NO), Paris (FR), Kiev (UA), Orlando (FL/US), Sofia (BG), Flörli Olten (CH)
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You know, you could get the Perl Weekly right in your mailbox. Every Week. Free of charge!
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This is a nice idea! I wonder, though, if GitHub Discussions would be a better fit for this sort of integration…
Possibly! I didn’t have a lot of experience using GitHub Discussions at the time, but it is definitely worth looking into. It could potentially be a clean way to keep things in the same repo as the main website.
I think I was playing it safe at the time, since it was uncharted territory for me. If I did it again I would look into adding a label so that the issues could possibly be filtered out, for example is:open is:issue -label:blog-comments
, making triage of the main repo easier.
edit: I remember now, it’s because I didn’t want any issue comment to cause a rebuild of the site (limited build minutes on the free plan). I need to look in to if you can filter the GitHub action triggers beyond just issue_comment
.
Feel free to leave a comment below to test out the system!
Here are some examples of supported GitHub Flavored Markdown with strong words, italic words, and
inline words
.


Hollywood star Timothee Chalamet to appear in Amy Herzog play at The Old Vic
Hollywood star Timothee Chalamet is to appear opposite British actress Dame Eileen Atkins in an adaptation of the critically acclaimed play 4,000 Miles.
Chalamet will star as 21-year-old Leo, who, after suffering a major loss during a summer bike riding trip, seeks solace in the New York home of his 91-year-old grandmother, Vera, who will be played by Dame Eileen.
4,000 Miles, written by Amy Herzog, will open at London’s The Old Vic in April 2020.
The Old Vic artistic director Matthew Warchus said: “Amy Herzog is one of my favourite living writers – she writes with a deceptively powerful simplicity, full of extraordinary grace, precision and radiance.
“I’m very much looking forward to working with this exceptional cast on her gorgeous play, which abounds with intimate beauty and truth.”
Oscar-nominated Chalamet, 23, is one of Hollywood’s most sought-after young actors and recently appeared in Netflix period drama The King.
Dame Eileen, 85, is a multi-award winning actress whose career spans seven decades.
The billing for 4,000 Miles reads: “At the beginning of the summer 21-year-old Leo set out from the West Coast cycling across America with his best friend.
“After weeks of radio silence, no-one is more surprised than his 91-year-old grandmother, Vera, when Leo turns up on her Manhattan doorstep in the middle of the night.
“His life just starting, hers nearly ended, in a faded Greenwich Village apartment their griefs collide.”
4,000 Miles, which was a finalist for the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for drama, is set to open on April 16 2020, with previews from April 6.
It is part of Warchus’s season five, alongside productions of A Christmas Carol, Samuel Beckett plays Endgame and Rough For Theatre II, and Mark Knopfler’s musical Local Hero.


| PERLSEC(1) | Perl Programmers Reference Guide | PERLSEC(1) |
When sending an initial request to the security email address, please don't Cc any other parties, because if they reply to all, the reply will generate yet another new ticket. Once you have received an initial reply with a "[perl #NNNNNN]" ticket number in the headline, it's okay to Cc subsequent replies to third parties: all emails to the perl5-security-report address with the ticket number in the subject line will be added to the ticket; without it, a new ticket will be created.
While in this mode, Perl takes special precautions called taint checks to prevent both obvious and subtle traps. Some of these checks are reasonably simple, such as verifying that path directories aren't writable by others; careful programmers have always used checks like these. Other checks, however, are best supported by the language itself, and it is these checks especially that contribute to making a set-id Perl program more secure than the corresponding C program.
You may not use data derived from outside your program to affect something else outside your program--at least, not by accident. All command line arguments, environment variables, locale information (see perllocale), results of certain system calls ("readdir()", "readlink()", the variable of "shmread()", the messages returned by "msgrcv()", the password, gcos and shell fields returned by the "getpwxxx()" calls), and all file input are marked as "tainted". Tainted data may not be used directly or indirectly in any command that invokes a sub-shell, nor in any command that modifies files, directories, or processes, with the following exceptions:
$obj->$method(@args);
and symbolic sub references
&{$foo}(@args); $foo->(@args);
are not checked for taintedness. This requires extra carefulness unless you want external data to affect your control flow. Unless you carefully limit what these symbolic values are, people are able to call functions outside your Perl code, such as POSIX::system, in which case they are able to run arbitrary external code.
For efficiency reasons, Perl takes a conservative view of whether data is tainted. If an expression contains tainted data, any subexpression may be considered tainted, even if the value of the subexpression is not itself affected by the tainted data.
Because taintedness is associated with each scalar value, some elements of an array or hash can be tainted and others not. The keys of a hash are never tainted.
For example:
$arg = shift; # $arg is tainted $hid = $arg . 'bar'; # $hid is also tainted $line = <>; # Tainted $line = <STDIN>; # Also tainted open FOO, "/home/me/bar" or die $!; $line = <FOO>; # Still tainted $path = $ENV{'PATH'}; # Tainted, but see below $data = 'abc'; # Not tainted system "echo $arg"; # Insecure system "/bin/echo", $arg; # Considered insecure # (Perl doesn't know about /bin/echo) system "echo $hid"; # Insecure system "echo $data"; # Insecure until PATH set $path = $ENV{'PATH'}; # $path now tainted $ENV{'PATH'} = '/bin:/usr/bin'; delete @ENV{'IFS', 'CDPATH', 'ENV', 'BASH_ENV'}; $path = $ENV{'PATH'}; # $path now NOT tainted system "echo $data"; # Is secure now! open(FOO, "< $arg"); # OK - read-only file open(FOO, "> $arg"); # Not OK - trying to write open(FOO,"echo $arg|"); # Not OK open(FOO,"-|") or exec 'echo', $arg; # Also not OK $shout = `echo $arg`; # Insecure, $shout now tainted unlink $data, $arg; # Insecure umask $arg; # Insecure exec "echo $arg"; # Insecure exec "echo", $arg; # Insecure exec "sh", '-c', $arg; # Very insecure! @files = <*.c>; # insecure (uses readdir() or similar) @files = glob('*.c'); # insecure (uses readdir() or similar) # In either case, the results of glob are tainted, since the list of # filenames comes from outside of the program. $bad = ($arg, 23); # $bad will be tainted $arg, `true`; # Insecure (although it isn't really)
If you try to do something insecure, you will get a fatal error saying something like "Insecure dependency" or "Insecure $ENV{PATH}".
The exception to the principle of "one tainted value taints the whole expression" is with the ternary conditional operator "?:". Since code with a ternary conditional
$result = $tainted_value ? "Untainted" : "Also untainted";
is effectively
if ( $tainted_value ) { $result = "Untainted"; } else { $result = "Also untainted"; }
it doesn't make sense for $result to be tainted.
sub is_tainted { local $@; # Don't pollute caller's value. return ! eval { eval("#" . substr(join("", @_), 0, 0)); 1 }; }
This function makes use of the fact that the presence of tainted data anywhere within an expression renders the entire expression tainted. It would be inefficient for every operator to test every argument for taintedness. Instead, the slightly more efficient and conservative approach is used that if any tainted value has been accessed within the same expression, the whole expression is considered tainted.
But testing for taintedness gets you only so far. Sometimes you have just to clear your data's taintedness. Values may be untainted by using them as keys in a hash; otherwise the only way to bypass the tainting mechanism is by referencing subpatterns from a regular expression match. Perl presumes that if you reference a substring using $1, $2, etc. in a non-tainting pattern, that you knew what you were doing when you wrote that pattern. That means using a bit of thought--don't just blindly untaint anything, or you defeat the entire mechanism. It's better to verify that the variable has only good characters (for certain values of "good") rather than checking whether it has any bad characters. That's because it's far too easy to miss bad characters that you never thought of.
Here's a test to make sure that the data contains nothing but "word" characters (alphabetics, numerics, and underscores), a hyphen, an at sign, or a dot.
if ($data =~ /^([-\@\w.]+)$/) { $data = $1; # $data now untainted } else { die "Bad data in '$data'"; # log this somewhere }
This is fairly secure because "/\w+/" doesn't normally match shell metacharacters, nor are dot, dash, or at going to mean something special to the shell. Use of "/.+/" would have been insecure in theory because it lets everything through, but Perl doesn't check for that. The lesson is that when untainting, you must be exceedingly careful with your patterns. Laundering data using regular expression is the only mechanism for untainting dirty data, unless you use the strategy detailed below to fork a child of lesser privilege.
The example does not untaint $data if "use locale" is in effect, because the characters matched by "\w" are determined by the locale. Perl considers that locale definitions are untrustworthy because they contain data from outside the program. If you are writing a locale-aware program, and want to launder data with a regular expression containing "\w", put "no locale" ahead of the expression in the same block. See "SECURITY" in perllocale for further discussion and examples.
Another way to modify @INC without modifying the program, is to use the "lib" pragma, e.g.:
perl -Mlib=/foo program
The benefit of using "-Mlib=/foo" over "-I/foo", is that the former will automagically remove any duplicated directories, while the latter will not.
Note that if a tainted string is added to @INC, the following problem will be reported:
Insecure dependency in require while running with -T switch
The PATH isn't the only environment variable which can cause problems. Because some shells may use the variables IFS, CDPATH, ENV, and BASH_ENV, Perl checks that those are either empty or untainted when starting subprocesses. You may wish to add something like this to your setid and taint-checking scripts.
delete @ENV{qw(IFS CDPATH ENV BASH_ENV)}; # Make %ENV safer
It's also possible to get into trouble with other operations that don't care whether they use tainted values. Make judicious use of the file tests in dealing with any user-supplied filenames. When possible, do opens and such after properly dropping any special user (or group!) privileges. Perl doesn't prevent you from opening tainted filenames for reading, so be careful what you print out. The tainting mechanism is intended to prevent stupid mistakes, not to remove the need for thought.
Perl does not call the shell to expand wild cards when you pass "system" and "exec" explicit parameter lists instead of strings with possible shell wildcards in them. Unfortunately, the "open", "glob", and backtick functions provide no such alternate calling convention, so more subterfuge will be required.
Perl provides a reasonably safe way to open a file or pipe from a setuid or setgid program: just create a child process with reduced privilege who does the dirty work for you. First, fork a child using the special "open" syntax that connects the parent and child by a pipe. Now the child resets its ID set and any other per-process attributes, like environment variables, umasks, current working directories, back to the originals or known safe values. Then the child process, which no longer has any special permissions, does the "open" or other system call. Finally, the child passes the data it managed to access back to the parent. Because the file or pipe was opened in the child while running under less privilege than the parent, it's not apt to be tricked into doing something it shouldn't.
Here's a way to do backticks reasonably safely. Notice how the "exec" is not called with a string that the shell could expand. This is by far the best way to call something that might be subjected to shell escapes: just never call the shell at all.
use English; die "Can't fork: $!" unless defined($pid = open(KID, "-|")); if ($pid) { # parent while (<KID>) { # do something } close KID; } else { my @temp = ($EUID, $EGID); my $orig_uid = $UID; my $orig_gid = $GID; $EUID = $UID; $EGID = $GID; # Drop privileges $UID = $orig_uid; $GID = $orig_gid; # Make sure privs are really gone ($EUID, $EGID) = @temp; die "Can't drop privileges" unless $UID == $EUID && $GID eq $EGID; $ENV{PATH} = "/bin:/usr/bin"; # Minimal PATH.  }
A similar strategy would work for wildcard expansion via "glob", although you can use "readdir" instead.
Taint checking is most useful when although you trust yourself not to have written a program to give away the farm, you don't necessarily trust those who end up using it not to try to trick it into doing something bad. This is the kind of security checking that's useful for set-id programs and programs launched on someone else's behalf, like CGI programs.
This is quite different, however, from not even trusting the writer of the code not to try to do something evil. That's the kind of trust needed when someone hands you a program you've never seen before and says, "Here, run this." For that kind of safety, you might want to check out the Safe module, included standard in the Perl distribution. This module allows the programmer to set up special compartments in which all system operations are trapped and namespace access is carefully controlled. Safe should not be considered bullet-proof, though: it will not prevent the foreign code to set up infinite loops, allocate gigabytes of memory, or even abusing perl bugs to make the host interpreter crash or behave in unpredictable ways. In any case it's better avoided completely if you're really concerned about security.
Some Unixes, especially more recent ones, are free of this inherent security bug. On such systems, when the kernel passes the name of the set-id script to open to the interpreter, rather than using a pathname subject to meddling, it instead passes /dev/fd/3. This is a special file already opened on the script, so that there can be no race condition for evil scripts to exploit. On these systems, Perl should be compiled with "-DSETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW". The Configure program that builds Perl tries to figure this out for itself, so you should never have to specify this yourself. Most modern releases of SysVr4 and BSD 4.4 use this approach to avoid the kernel race condition.
If you don't have the safe version of set-id scripts, all is not lost. Sometimes this kernel "feature" can be disabled, so that the kernel either doesn't run set-id scripts with the set-id or doesn't run them at all. Either way avoids the exploitability of the race condition, but doesn't help in actually running scripts set-id.
If the kernel set-id script feature isn't disabled, then any set-id script provides an exploitable vulnerability. Perl can't avoid being exploitable, but will point out vulnerable scripts where it can. If Perl detects that it is being applied to a set-id script then it will complain loudly that your set-id script is insecure, and won't run it. When Perl complains, you need to remove the set-id bit from the script to eliminate the vulnerability. Refusing to run the script doesn't in itself close the vulnerability; it is just Perl's way of encouraging you to do this.
To actually run a script set-id, if you don't have the safe version of set-id scripts, you'll need to put a C wrapper around the script. A C wrapper is just a compiled program that does nothing except call your Perl program. Compiled programs are not subject to the kernel bug that plagues set-id scripts. Here's a simple wrapper, written in C:
#include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <errno.h> #define REAL_PATH "/path/to/script" int main(int argc, char **argv) { execv(REAL_PATH, argv); fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", argv[0], REAL_PATH, strerror(errno)); return 127; }
Compile this wrapper into a binary executable and then make it rather than your script setuid or setgid. Note that this wrapper isn't doing anything to sanitise the execution environment other than ensuring that a safe path to the script is used. It only avoids the shebang race condition. It relies on Perl's own features, and on the script itself being careful, to make it safe enough to run the script set-id.
First of all, however, you can't take away read permission, because the source code has to be readable in order to be compiled and interpreted. (That doesn't mean that a CGI script's source is readable by people on the web, though.) So you have to leave the permissions at the socially friendly 0755 level. This lets people on your local system only see your source.
Some people mistakenly regard this as a security problem. If your program does insecure things, and relies on people not knowing how to exploit those insecurities, it is not secure. It is often possible for someone to determine the insecure things and exploit them without viewing the source. Security through obscurity, the name for hiding your bugs instead of fixing them, is little security indeed.
You can try using encryption via source filters (Filter::* from CPAN, or Filter::Util::Call and Filter::Simple since Perl 5.8). But crackers might be able to decrypt it. You can try using the byte code compiler and interpreter described below, but crackers might be able to de-compile it. You can try using the native-code compiler described below, but crackers might be able to disassemble it. These pose varying degrees of difficulty to people wanting to get at your code, but none can definitively conceal it (this is true of every language, not just Perl).
If you're concerned about people profiting from your code, then the bottom line is that nothing but a restrictive license will give you legal security. License your software and pepper it with threatening statements like "This is unpublished proprietary software of XYZ Corp. Your access to it does not give you permission to use it blah blah blah." You should see a lawyer to be sure your license's wording will stand up in court.
At the time of this writing, Perl 5.18.0 is considered to be well-hardened against algorithmic complexity attacks on its hash implementation. This is largely owed to the following measures mitigate attacks:
Without compiling a special Perl, there is no way to get the exact same behavior of any versions prior to Perl 5.18.0. The closest one can get is by setting PERL_PERTURB_KEYS to 0 and setting the PERL_HASH_SEED to a known value. We do not advise those settings for production use due to the above security considerations.
Perl has never guaranteed any ordering of the hash keys, and the ordering has already changed several times during the lifetime of Perl 5. Also, the ordering of hash keys has always been, and continues to be, affected by the insertion order and the history of changes made to the hash over its lifetime.
Also note that while the order of the hash elements might be randomized, this "pseudo-ordering" should not be used for applications like shuffling a list randomly (use "List::Util::shuffle()" for that, see List::Util, a standard core module since Perl 5.8.0; or the CPAN module "Algorithm::Numerical::Shuffle"), or for generating permutations (use e.g. the CPAN modules "Algorithm::Permute" or "Algorithm::FastPermute"), or for any cryptographic applications.
Tied hashes may have their own ordering and algorithmic complexity attacks.
See <https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/sec03/tech/full_papers/crosby/crosby.pdf> for more information, and any computer science textbook on algorithmic complexity.
However, "sudo" sets the real user or group ID to that of the target identity, not just the effective ID as set-id bits do. As a result, Perl can't detect that it is running under "sudo", and so won't automatically take its own security precautions such as turning on taint mode. Where "sudo" configuration dictates exactly which command can be run, the approved command may include a "-T" option to perl to enable taint mode.
In general, it is necessary to evaluate the suitaility of a script to run under "sudo" specifically with that kind of execution environment in mind. It is neither necessary nor sufficient for the same script to be suitable to run in a traditional set-id arrangement, though many of the issues overlap.
| 2019-10-21 | perl v5.30.3 |


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