Effects of adaptive servo-ventilation therapy on cardiac function and remodeling in patients with chronic heart failure (SAVIOR-C): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai 270-1694, Chiba, Japan
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Saitama, Japan
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan
Division of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, 3-12 Kamiizumi-machi, Maebashi 371-0004, Gunma, Japan
Cardiovascular Division, Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku 540-0006, Osaka, Japan
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita 565-8565, Osaka, Japan
Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) therapy, which is a form of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation therapy and uses an innovative ventilator that has simple operability and provides good patient adherence, potentially has therapeutic benefits—suppression of the deterioration and progression of chronic heart failure (CHF) and a reduction in the number of repeated hospitalizations. Therefore, ASV therapy draws attention as a novel, noninvasive nonpharmacotherapy for patients with CHF owing to its hemodynamics-improving effect, and it is currently being accepted in real-world clinical settings in Japan. However, clinical evidence sufficient for treatment recommendation is lacking because a multicenter, randomized, controlled study of ASV therapy has never been conducted.
The present study is a confirmatory, prospective, multicenter, collaborative, open-label, blinded-endpoint, parallel-group, randomized, controlled study. At 40 medical institutions in Japan, 200 Japanese outpatients with mild to severe CHF (age: ≥ 20 years; New York Heart Association classification: greater than or equal to class II) will be randomly assigned to either of the following two study groups: the ASV group, in which 100 outpatients undergo guideline-directed medical therapy and ASV therapy for 24 weeks; and the control group, in which 100 outpatients undergo only guideline-directed medical therapy for 24 weeks. The objective of the present study is to confirm whether the ASV group is superior to the control group concerning the improvement of left ventricular contractility and remodeling, both assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography. Furthermore, the present study will also secondarily examine the effects of ASV therapy on the prognosis and quality of life of patients with CHF.
ASV therapy using the device has the potential to provide therapeutic benefits based on its simple operability and good patient adherence and possesses the potential to improve left ventricular contractility and remodeling. Therefore, the present study is expected to afford more solid scientific evidence regarding ASV therapy as a novel, noninvasive, nonpharmacological, in-home, long-term ventilation therapy for patients with mild to severe CHF.
UMIN identifier: UMIN000006549, registered on 17 October, 2011.
In recent years, pharmacotherapy for chronic heart failure (CHF) has made remarkable progress. Furthermore, nonpharmacotherapies (for example, cardiac resynchronization therapy using an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation) have shown a given level of efficacy. However, patients with severe CHF still have a poor life prognosis and are often and repeatedly admitted to the hospital in the chronic clinical course of the disease. In addition, there are many patients whose symptoms of pulmonary congestion (for example, dyspnea and orthopnea) as well as quality of life are not sufficiently improved by existing therapeutic modalities.
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) therapy has been reported to improve not only dyspnea and respiratory distress caused by cardiogenic pulmonary edema but also cardiovascular hemodynamics 1 . Namely, NPPV therapy is beneficial for both the respiratory and hemodynamic functions of patients with heart failure. In Japan, NPPV therapy is recommended for patients with acute heart failure who do not respond to oxygen therapy as a therapy categorized to class I in treatment recommendation and to A in evidence level 2 . These facts lead us to conjecture that NPPV therapy is potentially effective for patients presenting with symptoms that are attributable to the insufficient long-term management of pulmonary congestion/edema (for example, dyspnea at rest, intense fatigability, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea). Nevertheless, NPPV therapy has not become established as a therapeutic modality for CHF because conventional medical devices for NPPV therapy are difficult to use for a long period due to their problems (for example, cumbersome operability of the devices and poor patient adherence).
Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) therapy, which is a form of NPPV therapy and uses an innovative ventilator AutoSet CS™ (Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan), potentially has the following mechanistic features that differ from conventional NPPV therapy including continuous positive airway pressure and bi-level positive airway pressure: 1) ASV therapy appropriately sustains ventilation by instantaneously detecting a decay in spontaneous ventilation of the patient and by providing support pressure in concert with his/her respiratory flow patterns; and 2) ASV therapy presents more physiological synchronization with the respiratory patterns 3 . ASV therapy potentially has therapeutic benefits—suppression of the deterioration and progression of CHF and a reduction in the number of repeated hospitalizations—based on the simple operability of the device and good patient adherence as compared with conventional NPPV therapy. Thus, it draws attention as a novel, noninvasive nonpharmacotherapy for patients with CHF owing to its hemodynamics-improving effect. Prior to the present study, we conducted a multicenter, retrospective, observational study [ Study on the effects of Adaptive servo- Ventilation In patients with chr Onic heart failu Re: Real-world, multicenter, retrospective, observational study (SAVIOR-R)] for the objective of examining the real-world practical efficacy and limitations of ASV therapy for patients with CHF in Japan 4 . SAVIOR-R suggested that ASV therapy possibly improves the cardiac function and symptoms of patients with CHF, regardless of the severity of sleep-disordered breathing. Furthermore, prior single-center clinical studies indicated that ASV therapy improves left ventricular contractility and induces cardiac reverse remodeling 5 , that pulmonary congestion improved by positive end-expiratory pressure suppresses sympathetic nerve activity 6 - 8 , and that ASV therapy improves left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reduces brain natriuretic peptide levels 9 and further cardiac events (death and hospitalization) 10 .
The present study is a confirmatory study of SAVIOR-R and aims to assess the effects of ASV therapy on left ventricular contractility and remodeling in patients with mild to severe CHF in a multicenter, randomized, controlled study. Left ventricular contractility and remodeling will be assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography.
The present study (SAVIOR-C) is a confirmatory, prospective, multicenter, collaborative, open-label, blinded-endpoint, parallel-group, randomized, controlled study. The target number of patients is 200, and the study groups consist of the ASV group and the control group. The present study will last for 24 weeks, and the primary and secondary endpoints will be assessed at baseline (8 weeks prior to treatment onset through treatment onset), at week 12 of study (±4 weeks), on the day of study discontinuation, or on the day of study completion at week 24 (±4 weeks).
The Steering Committee will perform activities (for example, selection of study sites, investigators, and others, preparation and revision of the protocol and other documents, interpretation of questions about the study plan, coordination with investigators, establishment of the handling criteria for patients and data, determination of the acceptance of patients and data, interpretation of the study results, and preparation of study conclusions; Additional file
SAVIOR-C will assign 200 Japanese outpatients with CHF, who meet all of the inclusion criteria and do not fall under any of the exclusion criteria (Table 1), to either of the following two study groups at 40 medical institutions in Japan based on assignment adjustment factors [age: < 65 years/≥ 65 years: gender: male/female:, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification: class II/III]: the ASV group and the control group (Figure
|
Inclusion criteria |
Exclusion criteria |
|
1. Men and women |
1. Patients with any of the following symptoms: |
|
2. Age ≥20 years at informed consent acquisition |
- Acute sinusitis or otitis media |
|
3. Patients with CHF who are undergoing guideline-directed medical therapy |
- Symptoms predisposing vomiting in the mask |
|
4. Patients with CHF capable of using the ASV device at home as outpatients after enrollment |
- Incapable of swallowing airway secretions |
|
- Pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema |
|
|
5. Patients whose NYHA class at baseline* is greater than or equal to II |
- Recent cranial injury or surgery |
|
6. Patients whose LVEF at baseline* is <40% |
- Chronic hypoventilation |
|
2. Patients at risk of developing any of the following symptoms due to the use of the ASV device |
|
|
- Hypotension or a significant reduction in intravascular volume |
|
|
- Intense nasal bleeding leading to the risk of pulmonary aspiration |
|
|
3. Patients incapable of giving voluntary consent |
|
|
4. Patients with a history of undergoing the treatment of CHF by ASV at home |
|
|
5. Patients who are enrolled in another clinical study or trial |
|
|
6. Patients diagnosed with or suspected of dementia |
|
|
7. Patients whom the attending physician has considered ineligible for this study |
Figure 1
Flow diagram of SAVIOR-C.
Flow diagram of SAVIOR-C. AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; ASV, adaptive servo-ventilation; GDMT, guideline-directed medical therapy; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
Study treatment initiates within 8 weeks after provision of the verbal and written explanations by the investigator to each patient. Eligibility check, enrollment, and randomization of each patient are performed between the provision and the study onset. Patients in the ASV group undergo ASV therapy in addition to guideline-directed medical therapy 11 for the study period (study onset through week 24 of study), while patients in the control group undergo only guideline-directed medical therapy for the study period. Patients in the ASV therapy group, who are in bed, undergo the ASV therapy each night during the study period.
Efficacy, safety, and other aspects of ASV therapy will be assessed. The primary endpoint for efficacy is LVEF, a variable for the evaluation of heart failure that is applicable to a randomized controlled study of prospective, open-label, blinded-endpoint design. Two-dimensional echocardiography will be conducted at each institution in accordance with the procedures specified for SAVIOR-C. LVEF, left ventricular end-systolic volume, and left ventricular end-diastolic volume will be calculated according to the biplane Simpson’s method 12 . Furthermore, the Central Adjudication Committee will determine in a blinded fashion the acceptability of the echocardiograms to be submitted by the investigators.
The secondary endpoints for efficacy are 1) clinical events (death, hospitalization, treatment changes, and long-lasting (≥12 weeks) deterioration of symptoms) 13 to be finally adjudicated by the Central Adjudication Committee in a blind fashion, 2) brain natriuretic peptide to be measured at each participating medical institution, and 3) clinical composite response to be categorized (worsened, unchanged, and improved) based on NYHA classification and clinical events.
The endpoints for safety are adverse events and ventilator failure. The endpoints for other aspects of ASV therapy are as follows: 1) those to be collected via the case report form - patient background, quality of life, activities of daily living, vital signs, physical findings, echocardiograms, chest radiographs, hematology results, sleep study results (for example, apnea-hypopnea index), and usage of the ventilator, all from the ASV and control groups; and 2) those to be collected via electronic means—echocardiograms and air flow in the sleep study from the ASV and control groups, and usage of the ventilator from the ASV group. The schedule of observations, examinations, and assessments is shown in Table 2.
|
Acquisition means |
Examination items |
Timing (allowable range) |
||
|
Baseline: week 8 before enrollment through day of enrollment |
Week 12 (±4 weeks) |
Day of study discontinuation or day of study completion at week 24 (±4 weeks) |
||
|
Case report form |
Patient background |
× |
||
|
Combined therapy |
× |
× |
× |
|
|
Symptoms (NYHA class and self-assessment of daytime sleepiness) |
× |
× |
× |
|
|
Quality of life and activities of daily living |
× |
× |
× |
|
|
Vital signs |
× |
× |
× |
|
|
Physical examination |
× |
× |
× |
|
|
Echocardiography |
× |
× |
× |
|
|
Chest X-ray |
× |
× |
× |
|
|
Brain natriuretic peptide |
× |
× |
× |
|
|
Hematology |
× |
× |
× |
|
|
Sleep study |
× 1 |
× |
Wherever possible 2 |
|
|
Cardiac event |
× |
× |
||
|
Usage of the ventilator in the ASV group |
× |
× |
× |
|
|
Adverse events |
× |
× |
||
|
Electronic means |
Echocardiogram |
× |
× |
× |
|
Air flow in the sleep study |
× 1 |
Wherever possible 2 |
||
|
Usage of the ventilator in the ASV group |
× |
× |
The subgroup analysis of patients with reduced LVEF (<40%) in SAVIOR-R revealed a 6.9% improvement (before ASV therapy: 26.5 ± 7.4%; after ASV therapy: 33.4 ± 13.0%). In SAVIOR-R, furthermore, a statistical analysis considering time-course changes in LVEF indicated that the LVEF-improving effect of ASV therapy tended to appear at week 12 of the study or later. LVEF remained unchanged when ASV therapy was not conducted and improved by 5% when ASV therapy was conducted for 24 weeks. The target number of patients in SAVIOR-C was calculated based on an assumed standard deviation of 7.4 in reference to the pre-ASV therapy value. Consequently, power exceeds 80% when a group includes not less than 90 patients. Since sufficient power is obtained when a group includes 100 patients in consideration of a presumed withdrawal rate of 10%, a total of 200 patients—100 patients per study group—were established.
The efficacy analysis set consists of the full analysis set and the per-protocol set to be defined below. The full analysis set consists of patients who initiated ASV therapy, from whom the following patients are excluded: 1) patients in the ASV group who never used the ventilator during the study period; and 2) patients from whom the efficacy data after study onset were not obtained at all during the study period. The per-protocol set consists of patients in the full analysis set, from whom the following patients are excluded: 1) patients who deviated from the inclusion criteria or fell under any of the exclusion criteria; 2) patients who fell under any of prohibited combination therapies; and 3) patients with poor compliance in ventilator use. Poor compliance is defined as an ASV therapy practice rate of < 80% (number of days from day of treatment onset through day of treatment discontinuation or day of study completion). The safety of the study groups will be analyzed statistically on an intention-to-treat basis.
The aim of the statistical analyses is to examine the efficacy and safety of ASV therapy for the target number of 200 patients by comparing the ASV group with the control group with respect to the primary endpoint for efficacy—LVEF—and to the measured values of respective secondary endpoints. The detailed procedures for randomized assignment will be determined but will not be informed to the subinvestigators at each participating medical institution. The details and technical methods of the statistical analyses will be described in the statistical analysis plan to be prepared prior to database lock. Statistical tests (for example, chi-square test using the contingency table, Fisher’s exact probability test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and analysis of variance) will be used in accordance with the scale of demographic data. Furthermore, a two-tailed probability of 15% will be established as an index of intergroup homogeneity. The data to be collected in the present study will be analyzed by the Japan-Clinical Research Support Unit that is completely independent from study organizations.
The 5-year survival rates of patients with CHF in the 1990s were as low as 25% and 38% for males and females, respectively 14 . The 5-year survival rate of patients with CHF who had left ventricular systolic dysfunction improved to 52% 15 . However, in both males and females, CHF requiring hospitalization was more “malignant” than many of the common types of cancer 16 . The 5-year survival rates of patients with CHF aged 65 to 74 years were 54% and 40% for males and females, respectively 17 . Furthermore, the 5-year survival rates of patients with CHF categorized to stages A, B, C, and D were 97%, 96%, 75%, and 20%, respectively 18 . These epidemiologic data clearly indicate that CHF, once progressed, still exhibits a poor life prognosis despite recent progress in therapeutic modalities and that preventing the deterioration and progression of CHF severe enough to require hospitalization is critically important for the further betterment of the survival rate of patients with CHF, and also indicates the need to develop a novel therapeutic modality which is useful for the prevention and progression of CHF, apart from pharmacotherapies and nonpharmacoptherapies that are recommended by guidelines 11 , 19 , 20 .
Nonpharmacotherapies that are currently applied to the treatment of CHF include 1) cardiac resynchronization therapy using an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator to treat heart failure involving dyssynchrony of left ventricular contraction 21 - 23 , 2) comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation including exercise therapy 24 - 26 , 3) Waon therapy—soothing warmth therapy, a novel systemic treatment for heart failure by means of dry far-infrared radiation sauna equipment 27 , 28 , 4) surgical approaches including coronary revascularization 29 , on- or off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting 30 , mitral annuloplasty 31 , and mitral valve replacement 32 to treat functional mitral regurgitation caused by left ventricular volume expansion due to left ventricular remodeling, 5) auxiliary circulation including intraaortic balloon pumping 33 and extracorporeal auxiliary artificial heart 34 , and 6) heart transplantation 35 . Nevertheless, none of these therapeutic modalities are practicable at home, and all of them cause great physical, mental, and economic burdens to the patient. The estimated medical cost of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of heart failure in the United States is $3.2 billion annually, and about three-quarters of the total treatment costs for heart failure are related with admissions to the hospital, in-hospital treatment, and nursing care in nursing homes 36 . Heart failure accounts for 56% of causes of death for patients with NYHA class IV, while sudden death (for example, fatal ventricular arrhythmias) accounts for 64% and 59% of causes of death for patients with NYHA classes II and III, respectively 37 . In Japan, furthermore, the percentages of patients categorized to NYHA classes I to IV at admission were 1.2%, 11.4%, 44.6%, and 42.9%, respectively 2 . Therefore, it is vitally important in the therapeutic strategy and medical economics of CHF to reasonably reduce the percentages of NYHA class III and IV patients, as well as the number of repeated admissions to hospital.
Positive end-expiratory pressure generated by NPPV therapy has the following physiologic mechanisms: alleviation of preload via a decrease in venous return 38 , suppression of sympathetic overactivity 6 , 7 , and relief of afterload via a reduction in transmural pressure 39 , 40 . The activation of these mechanisms is also expected during in-home therapy for the treatment of CHF. Nevertheless, conventional NPPV therapy has the limitations of cumbersome operability of the ventilator and poor patient adherence, and has not sufficiently diffused as a therapeutic modality for CHF that brings therapeutic benefits. AutoSet CS™, originally developed for the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing, demonstrates extensive improvements in the abovementioned drawbacks of the conventional medical devices for NPPV therapy. ASV therapy is being accepted rapidly among Japanese cardiologists who expect the circulatory and respiratory function-improving effects of the device. SAVIOR-R, which investigated the practice efficacy and limitations of ASV therapy for real-world patients with CHF in Japan, clearly revealed these facts and also suggested, as with other prior studies 9 , 10 , that ASV therapy improves the cardiac function of patients with CHF, regardless of the severity of sleep-disordered breathing. The present study plans to investigate these expectations in terms of the multicenter, randomized, controlled study because of its confirmatory nature of SAVIOR-R.
ASV therapy has the potential to improve left ventricular contractility via reverse remodeling, exerting therapeutic benefits based on the simple operability of the device and good patient adherence as compared with conventional NPPV therapy, and improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients with CHF. Therefore, the present study is expected to afford more solid scientific evidence about ASV therapy as a novel, noninvasive, nonpharmacological, in-home, long-term ventilation therapy for patients with CHF.
The trial is ongoing.
ASV: adaptive servo-ventilation
CHF: chronic heart failure
LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction
NPPV: noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
NYHA: New York Heart Association
SAVIOR-C: a Confirmatory, multicenter, randomized, controlled Study of Adaptive servo- VentIlation In patients with chr Onic hea Rt failure
SAVIOR-R: Study on the effects of Adaptive servo- Ventilation In patients with chr Onic heart failu Re: Real-world, multicenter, retrospective, observational study
The authors declare that they have no competing interests relevant to the manuscript. This study (SAVIOR-C) will be supported by the Comprehensive Support Project for Clinical Research of Lifestyle-Related Disease of the Public Health Research Foundation. All decisions concerning the planning, implementation, and publication of this study will be made by the Steering Committee of this study.
YS and SM conceived the study design that was further developed and modified by YK, HA, YY, and HY. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
The investigators for SAVIOR-C are listed in Additional file
Additional file 1:
Lists of the Steering Committee, Central Adjudication Committee, Study Promotion Committee, and Advisors.
Click here for file
Additional file 2:
A list of 41 Ethical Review Boards that approved SAVIOR-C.
Click here for file
Additional file 3:
A list of investigators at the participating medical institutions of SAVIOR-C.
Click here for file
The research fund for SAVIOR-C was provided to the Comprehensive Support Project for Clinical Research of Lifestyle-Related Disease of the Public Health Research Foundation by Teijin Pharma Limited. The authors are grateful to Satoshi Sakima for his critical review of the manuscript.
Any part or whole of the manuscript has never been published.
Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema
3CPO Trialists
Guidelines for treatment of acute heart failure (JCS 2011)
JCS Joint Working Group
Adaptive pressure support servo-ventilation: a novel treatment for Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure
Comparison of acute and chronic impact of adaptive servo-ventilation on left chamber geometry and function in patients with chronic heart failure
Short term effect of adaptive servo-ventilation on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with heart failure
Effect of adaptive servoventilation on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with chronic heart failure and central sleep apnea
Differing effects of adaptive servoventilation and continuous positive airway pressure on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with heart failure
Effectiveness of adaptive servo-ventilation for treating heart failure regardless of the severity of sleep-disordered breathing
Short-term prognosis of adaptive servo-ventilation therapy in patients with heart failure
ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines
American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology
Chamber Quantification Writing Group; American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee; European Association of Echocardiography
Proposal for a new clinical end point to evaluate the efficacy of drugs and devices in the treatment of chronic heart failure
Survival after the onset of congestive heart failure in Framingham Heart Study subjects
Prognosis of all-cause heart failure and borderline left ventricular systolic dysfunction: 5 year mortality follow-up of the Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening Study (ECHOES)
Midlands Research Practices Consortium (MidReC)
More “malignant” than cancer? Five-year survival following a first admission for heart failure
Long-term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure
Prevalence and prognostic significance of heart failure stages: application of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association heart failure staging criteria in the community
2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM)
ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG)
The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure
Cardiac Resynchronization-Heart Failure (CARE-HF) Study Investigators
Guidelines for cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: The Task Force for Cardiac Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association
European Society of Cardiology; European Heart Rhythm Association
Comparative effects of permanent biventricular and right-univentricular pacing in heart failure patients with chronic atrial fibrillation
Randomized, controlled trial of long-term moderate exercise training in chronic heart failure: effects on functional capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcome
Exercise and heart failure: a statement from the American Heart Association Committee on exercise, rehabilitation, and prevention
American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention
Exercise training in patients with severe congestive heart failure: enhancing peak aerobic capacity while minimizing the increase in ventricular wall stress
Waon therapy: soothing warmth therapy
Beneficial effects of Waon therapy on patients with chronic heart failure: results of a prospective multicenter study
Coronary artery bypass grafting in severe left ventricular dysfunction: excellent survival with improved ejection fraction and functional state
Results and predictors of early and late outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with severely depressed left ventricular function
Intermediate-term outcome of mitral reconstruction in cardiomyopathy
Mitral valve surgery for chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation
Ventricular assist systems: experience in Japan with Toyobo pump and Zeon pump
ACC/AHA guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure)
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
What are the costs of heart failure?
Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation and extracorporeal ultrafiltration method in patients with refractory heart failure
Noninvasive ventilation
Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on intrathoracic and left ventricular transmural pressures in patients with congestive heart failure


Correct JDBC coding is time consuming and error prone. Many JDBC coding tasks can be simplified with a small helper library that factors out the mundane resource cleanup steps. DbUtils is focused on providing such a library without any heavyweight framework surrounding it.
This proposal is to create a package of Java utility classes for various types of JDBC related activity. DbUtils will not be an OO representation of database objects nor will it be an Object/Relational framework. It will be a lightweight JDBC library that helps developers write correct database code.
DBUtils relies only on standard Java 1.2 (or later) APIs for production deployment. It utilizes the JUnit testing framework for developing and executing unit tests, but this is of interest only to developers of the component. Being dependent on Java 1.2 means that this code is expected to be of JDBC 2.0 level.
No external configuration files are utilized.
Potential source code for this package will come from the initial committers' personal libraries.
The proposed package name for the new component is
org.apache.commons.dbutils
.
dbutils
in the
jakarta-commons
CVS repository.The initial committers on the DBUtils component shall be:


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A subclass can make a call to the superclass method,variables and sonstructor using super keyword.
Using super keyword a user can call superclass constructor method.
Using super() statement we can call either zero argument constuctor or parameterized constructor.
If super() statement is been used to call the constructor of the superclass than it should be the 1st statement of th constructor body and there should not be more than one super() method in the body.
Below shows the example of how the super keyword can be used to invoke the variable name of the parent class.
Output
As you can see by using super.num we can access the num variable of the parent class.
2). super() to invoke constructor of parent class
using super() method we can access the constructor method of the it's parent's class. First we will see the default behaviour of the super() method.When we create the object of the subclass the constructor method of the superclass get invoked and then it invoked the constructor of it own. It happens because the compiler add the default constructor(super()) and the first line of the subclass constructor method.
Let see an example of the default invocation of the parent's class constructor
1). SubClass constructor can make a call to the superclass constructor using super() method.
2). We can also invoke parameterized constructor of parent class by providing arguments while calling super. For e.g. super(10) would invoke the parametrized constructor [having one integer argument] of parent class. Similarly super(“hi”) would invoke constructor having String argument.
3). super() must be the first statement in constructor otherwise we will get the compilation error message: “Constructor call must be the first statement in a constructor”
4). SubClass constructor can call super class constructor either explicitly or implicitly.
5). If the super() method is inserted by the compiler than it is know as implicit constructor.
6). If the super() method is written by the programmer explicitly than it is know as explicit constructor.
super.method_name to invoke parent class method
super.method_name calls the Overriden method of the parent class. The example shown below will make this concept clear:


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Taniti's Beach is ready to welcome you. Our beaches are clean and ready for you and your loved ones. Sunbathers come for the wide, sandy beaches. Surfers come for the waves.
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Island
Taniti currently has 11 restaurants: five serve mostly local fish and rice, three serve American-style meals, and two serve Pan-Asian cuisine.
Please refer to FAQ page for more information about drinking rules and policies. Taniti has two supermarkets, two smaller grocery stores, and one convenience store that is open 24 hours a day.
Taniti currently has 11 restaurants: five serve mostly local fish and rice, three serve American-style meals, and two serve Pan-Asian cuisine.
Please refer to FAQ page for more information about drinking rules and policies. Taniti has two supermarkets, two smaller grocery stores, and one convenience store that is open 24 hours a day.
Rainforest and trails on
Island
Most tourists spend most of their time in Taniti City, which boasts native architecture and nearby white, sandy beaches that encircle Yellow Leaf Bay. Other popular activities include boat or bus tours of the island, hikes in the rainforest, or visits to Taniti’s active volcano.
Most tourists spend most of their time in Taniti City, which boasts native architecture and nearby white, sandy beaches that encircle Yellow Leaf Bay. Other popular activities include boat or bus tours of the island, hikes in the rainforest, or visits to Taniti’s active volcano.


In order to support service robot to accomplish its tasks effectively, it is important to develop a personalized knowledge graph about the working environment and people it serves. However, the information error, missing, confusion, and conflicts caused by its small data-based nature all posit big challenges in personalized knowledge graph construction. In this project, we present a method of utilizing visual analysis technology to bring user input into the construction of the personalized knowledge graph. Specifically, we introduce the concept of “Working knowledge graph” and tremendously lower down the number of nodes presented to the user. At the same time, we use hyperbolic projection to enable a smooth association of nodes in the Working Knowledge Graph with those in long-term personalized knowledge graph. The effect of this interactive visualization in supporting personalized knowledge graph construction is evaluated in a controlled usability test and exhibits a positive result.
Before involved in this project, I had already get in touch with the concept of knowledge graph, and developed 2 small web applications using KG. In these 2 projects, I used Neo4j[1]--a graph database management system, which is the currently most popular graph database according to DB-Engines Ranking[2]. Before importing the data into Neo4j, I used ETL to pre-process the source data, decreased the data size form 16 million to 14 million by deleting the useless bidirectional relationships. In the back-end, I used Neo4j Driver and Spring MVC[3] framework to access the database and provide the APIs for front-end. In the front-end part, I used Vue CLI[4] framework, Bootstrap[5], Element UI[6], and used JavaScript library like d3.js[7] and Three.js[8] to visualize the knowledge graph.
In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the problem and construct proper test cases for our design and evaluation, we first conducted interviews with experts in the relevant field. We interviewed 2 senior researchers whose research focuses on application of knowledge graphs in service robots, and 2 robotics engineers that have expertise in development of service robots and proficient familiarity with knowledge graph technology.
The interview consists of individual interviews and one group discussion session. We asked our participants (1) what are the typical errors that arise with the application of knowledge graphs, (2) what types of correction would benefit the service robot's functioning, and (3) the typical software analytical interface that a KG component would provide.
The result of the interview is too long to put it in this page. If you want to get further information about the interview, please click here
Based on the analysis of the interviews and sample dataset, we identified three design goals:
D1. Provide effective means for users to navigate, explore and manipulate the personalized knowledge graph.
D2. Provide a visual metaphor that is simple and informative, while maintaining direct relationship with the underlying knowledge graph without requiring lossy translation.
D3. Provide a design that is resource-friendly and portable that can be applied to a wide variety of service robots.
To address these design goals, we present an interactive visual analytics tool that enables users to navigate, explore and manipulate the personalized knowledge graph of service robots and aiding its construction in the process. We first introduce a new structure named a “Working Knowledge Graph (WKG)” to limit the scope of visualization and user interaction down to a more manageable level for non-expert users. The design of the system’s interface is then presented. The interface consists of three main components: an interactive visualization panel that the user mainly operates on, a input panel for searching and creating entities, and an detail panel for displaying and editing more detailed information of entities and relations.
In the first demo of this project, I first import the data from csv into a local Neo4j database server. Then, I used Python Flask framework to develop the back-end, which provided 6 APIs. In the visualization part, I used the force directed system in d3.js to initialize the x&y-coordinates of the nodes and links, and continue update them. Besides, I used paper.js to realize the hyperbolic projection. The video below shows the interactive functions of the demo.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} Publish government data {% endblock %} {% block proposition_header %} {% include "includes/propositional_navigation_signed_in.html" %} {% endblock %} {% block header_class %} with-proposition {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "includes/phase_banner_beta.html" %} {% include "includes/side-navigation.html" %} {{formData | safe}} Dashboard search Published datasets 592 Downloads 2 {% endblock %}
Published datasets
Downloads


| Home | About us | Where We're Located | Hot Drinks | Pastries | Cakes | Cookies | Catering |
|---|
Delizioso was founded in the mid 20th century by my grandmother, Lena Fisichella. Lena immigranted to the States when she was only a teenager earlier in the century from Naples, Italy. She comes from a great line of Italian cooks, and, most noteably, can make some really good desert. After 50 years of marriage to Joseph, she decided to open her own bakery in Philadelphia, PA. The bakery is co-runed by daughters Maria, Angela, and Bernadette, with occasional help from grnadchildren.


Agent confirms Real Madrid leading Barcelona in Milan Skriniar race
A representative of Milan Skriniar has claimed that Real Madrid are close to agreeing a deal for the Inter Milan defender.
by Darren PlantSince moving to San Siro in 2017, Skriniar has established himself as one of the top centre-backs in European football, which has led to widespread interest in his signature.
Despite the Slovakia international recently indicating that he has no plans to depart the Italian giants, Mithat Halis has suggested that the 24-year-old may move to the Bernabeu.
Halis is quoted by AS as saying: "Skriniar is worth €100m. Real Madrid and Barcelona are competing for his signing for the last two years.
"Now Real Madrid are closer to reaching agreement with Inter Milan because they want and they need him much more than Barcelona."
Manchester United and Manchester City have also been linked with a bid for the player.
body check tags ::


All Classes
Booking
Customer
Discount
Filter
KitchenSinkApplication
KitchenSinkController
KitchenSinkWebMvcConfigurer
NotifyingCustomer
PaymentReminder
Report
TextHandler
TimeManager
UpdateRecord


Ever played Dumb Charades ? Well Chem Charades is its version 2.0 ! You
will be given properties of a compound / element and you will have to
explain it to your partner. If you already know the properties- you will
get bonus points!

Rules and regulations:
Round 1:
- A team can have a maximum of three members.
- A member from a team will be given a question which he/she will try to
answer without options.If it will be answered correctly, team will gain
+5 else -2. In case he/she will ask for options, 3 options will be given.
If then he/she will answer correctly, team will gain +2 else -1.
- If he has answered it wrongly, correct answer will be told to him/her
which will be a chemical compound/element after which he/she will
choose a task regarding acting.
If he/she will successfully perform the task, team will gain +10 else
+0 will be awarded.
Round 2:(Only for those who qualified round 1)
It will be a rapid fire round. You will be given few compounds which you
Will have to act and your team mates will have to recognize. Points will be
Awarded according to the number of correct answers.
No negative marking in this round.
**acting using periodic table or elements atomic number is restricted.


{% extends "withnav_template.html" %} {% from "components/page-header.html" import page_header %} {% block service_page_title %} This person is already a team member {% endblock %} {% block maincolumn_content %} {{ page_header( 'This person is already a team member', back_link=url_for('main.manage_users', service_id=current_service.id) ) }}
{{ user_to_invite.name }} is already member of ‘{{ current_service.name }}’.
{% endblock %}


This function creates a categorical derived variable (HWTGBMI_der_cat4) that categorizes derived BMI (HWTGBMI_der).
bmi_fun_cat(HWTGBMI_der)
| HWTGBMI_der | derived variable that calculates numeric value for BMI.
See |
|---|
value for BMI categories in the HWTGBMI_der_cat4 variable.
The categories were based on international standards and are divided into four categories: underweight for BMI < 18.5 (1), normal weight for BMI between 18.5 to 25 (2), overweight for BMI between 25 to 30 (3), and obese for BMI over 30 (4).
HWTGBMI_der_cat4 uses the derived variable HWTGBMI_der. HWTGBMI_der uses height and weight that have been transformed by cchsflow. In order to categorize BMI across CCHS cycles, height and weight variables must be transformed and harmonized.
# Using bmi_fun_cat() to categorize BMI across CCHS cycles # bmi_fun_cat() is specified in variable_details.csv along with the # CCHS variables and cycles included. # To transform HWTGBMI_der_cat4 across all cycles, use rec_with_table() for # each CCHS cycle. # Since HWTGBMI_der is also a derived variable, you will have to specify # the variables that are derived from it. library(cchsflow) bmi_cat_2009_2010 <- rec_with_table( cchs2009_2010_p, c( "HWTGHTM", "HWTGWTK", "HWTGBMI_der", "HWTGBMI_der_cat4" ) )#>#>#>#>#> HWTGHTM HWTGWTK HWTGBMI_der HWTGBMI_der_cat4 #> 1 1.778 54.45 17.22401 1 #> 2 1.702 56.00 19.33165 2 #> 3 1.626 90.00 34.04093 4 #> 4 NA NA NA NA(b) #> 5 1.880 99.00 28.01041 3 #> 6 1.575 72.00 29.02494 3bmi_cat_2011_2012 <- rec_with_table( cchs2011_2012_p,c( "HWTGHTM", "HWTGWTK", "HWTGBMI_der", "HWTGBMI_der_cat4" ) )#>#>#>#>#> HWTGHTM HWTGWTK HWTGBMI_der HWTGBMI_der_cat4 #> 195 1.600 64.35 25.13672 3 #> 196 1.880 80.10 22.66297 2 #> 197 1.753 78.75 25.62635 3 #> 198 1.651 83.70 30.70657 4 #> 199 1.930 74.25 19.93342 2 #> 200 1.575 76.50 30.83900 4combined_bmi_cat <- suppressWarnings(merge_rec_data (bmi_cat_2009_2010,bmi_cat_2011_2012)) head(combined_bmi_cat)#> HWTGHTM HWTGWTK HWTGBMI_der HWTGBMI_der_cat4 #> 1 1.778 54.45 17.22401 1 #> 2 1.702 56.00 19.33165 2 #> 3 1.626 90.00 34.04093 4 #> 4 NA NA NA NA(b) #> 5 1.880 99.00 28.01041 3 #> 6 1.575 72.00 29.02494 3#> HWTGHTM HWTGWTK HWTGBMI_der HWTGBMI_der_cat4 #> 395 1.600 64.35 25.13672 3 #> 396 1.880 80.10 22.66297 2 #> 397 1.753 78.75 25.62635 3 #> 398 1.651 83.70 30.70657 4 #> 399 1.930 74.25 19.93342 2 #> 400 1.575 76.50 30.83900 4


Form Wizard
jQuery Steps, an all-in-one wizard plugin that is extremely flexible, compact and feature-rich. Read the Official jQuery Steps Documentation for a full list of instructions and other options.
Basic Example
Below is an example of a basic horizontal form wizard.
Personal Information
Try the keyboard navigation by clicking arrow left or right!
Billing Information
Wonderful transition effects.
Payment Details
The next and previous buttons help you to navigate through your content.
With Validation
A basic form wizard with form validation using Parsley js form validation plugin.
Personal Information
Try the keyboard navigation by clicking arrow left or right!
Billing Information
Wonderful transition effects.
Payment Details
The next and previous buttons help you to navigate through your content.
Vertical Orientation
A basic content wizard with vertical orientation.
Personal Information
Try the keyboard navigation by clicking arrow left or right!
Billing Information
Wonderful transition effects.
Payment Details
The next and previous buttons help you to navigate through your content.
Tab Variation
A basic content wizard with custom style variation of the steps.
Personal Information
Try the keyboard navigation by clicking arrow left or right!
Billing Information
Wonderful transition effects.
Payment Details
The next and previous buttons help you to navigate through your content.


\makebox[width][position]{text}
The \makebox command creates a box to contain the specified text. The width of the box may be specified by the optional width argument. The text in the box is set in LR mode.
If the optional width argument is used, the optional position argument may also be used to specify the position of text within the box as follows:
The default horizontal and vertical positioning (if the second optional argument is omitted) is to center text in the box.
Note that text may overflow the box, in which case it is typeset on top of the adjacent text. While this is generally undesirable, it can also be used to create special effects.
The \makebox command is fragile.
See \mbox,
\framebox
See also: Spaces and Boxes.
\makebox(width,height)[position]{ ... }
The \makebox command for the picture environment is similar to the normal \makebox command except that you must specify a width and height (note that these are in parentheses) in multiples of \unitlength.
The optional argument, position, specifies the quadrant that your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
The default horizontal and vertical positioning is to center text in the box.
See also Spaces and Boxes,
Picture Environment
Return to LaTeX Table of Contents


evo.guide
Evo
Brand
Design
System
Intelligent Design.
A library organized for
designers, developers,
and product managers.
Mix of UI elements, branding, and UX design assembled into modular components.
Style
Patterns
Pages
Play
Knowledge
Tools
Resources


Coming …. all your BS and more…..
“Most people seem to have been indoctrinated to believe that BS only comes from certain places, certain sources: advertising, politics, salesmen – not true. BS is everywhere. BS is rampant.  This entire country is completely full of BS, and always has been…” ~ George Carlin


VWD 2021 Project
Team SKS:
- Berat BAYRAM (324372)
- Ahmet BİÇER (324317)
Would you like to start the game in
competitive mode or in import mode?
Team SKS:
- Berat BAYRAM (324372)
- Ahmet BİÇER (324317)
Would you like to start the game in
competitive mode or in import mode?


*角色名称： 备注： 网站权限： {foreach($auths as $one)} {$one.auth_name} {foreach $one['son'] as $two} {$two.auth_name} {foreach $two['son'] as $three} {$three.auth_name} {foreach $three['son'] as $four} {$four.auth_name} {/foreach} {/foreach} {/foreach} {/foreach} 确定


{{ define "navigation" }} {{ partial "nav" . }} {{ end }} {{ define "main" }} {{ $baseURL := .Site.BaseURL }}
{{ .Params.page_intro }}
We’re Clare and Ian – a couple from the UK who decided that it was about time we saw some of the world. So, we planned and saved for a year and then packed our bags, left our jobs, and began our adventure on September 9th, 2016.
Two New Natives is a place for us to share our stories and experiences for the people who can’t be here with us. But it’s also a little hub of knowledge for would-be backpackers and travel novices alike. We’ve learned a lot of do’s and don’t’s that you won’t find anywhere else but here.
 Ian grew up with the likes of Indiana Jones and other iconic adventurers, whilst Clare was always one to explore and seek out the thrills of new things. Where does a desk job fit in? Although we were comfy making our way up the career ladder, we knew that settling down and being restricted by mundane routine was no real life for us.
Travelling as Two New Natives has given us the chance to learn more about the world and the wonderful things it has to offer.
A collection of our thoughts and travel experiences, plus snapshots from all our destinations. We initially built Two New Natives as a travel diary for our family and friends, but we hope that our stories - our backpacking successes and blunders along the way - can inspire and help other fellow travellers with their adventures too.
Check out our social pages for all our travel action! Or share our stuff if you think you know somebody who might like it ;)
{{ if .Site.Params.social }}


Play
very easy
Noughts & Crosses
It's your turn
Wait for the turn of the computer...
{{PlayersManager.getCurrentPlayer().symbol}}
And the winner is:
{{PlayersManager.getCurrentPlayer().symbol}}
Play again


{% extends "../base.html" %} {% block content_block %}
Please fill out your details below so that we can get back to you as quickly as possible.


Selling yourself is something very few people are comfortable with - so sprucing up your interview techniques is an investment worth making.
Pricing for 101
£109 60 MIN SESSION with 1 interview coach £169 60 MIN SESSION with 2 interview coaches Note: this includes our prep time and bespoke materials sent to you as follow up 🙇♀We know that selling is not everyone's bag, and selling yourself is certainly something very few people are comfortable with.  Interview Coaching 101 will give you the confidence to know you're already laid the groundwork and can take on any interview that comes your way.
We'll ask for:Pricing for Mastery
£179 60 MIN SESSION with 1 interview coach £279 60 MIN SESSION with 2 interview coaches Note: this includes our prep time and bespoke materials sent to you as follow up 🙇♀This session is specifically for people who have an interview lined up, and would like time practice and impartial advice to feel totally prepared. As such this is a completely bespoke session, tailored to the individual interview at hand.
We'll ask for:Other Coaching
There are a lot of questions when it comes to portfolios, so we offer an in-person review where you can ask your own questions and we can give truly personal advice.
At times we all feel something needs to change - having a conversation with an experienced third party can be cathartic and clarifying.
We know that this kind of support may be out of reach for some but believe it shouldn't be, so we offer reduced price Office Hours once a month.


Jira Dashboard : Issues

Worklogs
Issues
Issue Count Per Project
Issue Count Per Priority
Issue Count Per Type
Issue Count Per Developer
Developer Issue Estimate Accuracy


Thoughts on What's Next for AI
20 Jun 2016Written by several experts in the field of artificial intelligence, most notably Yann LeChun, director of artificial intelligence research at Facebook, the article states that modern AI research uses a method called deep learning, which is modeled on the human brain, in order to give AI software capabilities that it has never had before. While this new generation of AI is still a far cry from the human-like intelligence of science fiction AI, they will have practical applications which will provide both benefits and problems comparable to the Industrial Revolution.
Driverless vehicles, such as those being tested by Google and other companies, are prime examples of how AI can be put to use. A semi-truck controlled by an AI has the potential to be faster, safer and more efficient than a human driver. The widespread adoption of AI in this and other industries has the potential to provide enormous benefits to the companies involved, but also threatens to eliminate humans from entire professions in a relatively short period of time. In order to combat this potential problem, Andrew Ng, chief scientist at Baidu, believes that large scale government programs will be needed to retrain workers for the new economy.
Future advances in AI could lead to computers with human-like intelligence. This type of AI is comparable to nuclear technology in that it could provide tremendous benefits to humanity, but also carries tremendous risk. A human-like AI would need to have human values in order to mitigate any risk it could pose, and teaching moral values to a computer is a relatively unexplored field.


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{{$pageTitle}}Information about urgent passport{{/pageTitle}}
{{$content}}
You need to use a different service
This is a new service, it's not yet available to everyone.
You need to use a different service.
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title
X
XXX
ATC 2017
3/4/2017
1 . test
Zone
1
2na and Spam
Five Guys
Zone
12
BYE
Land of Nice & Snow
BYE
Richie Kammer
BYE
Jacob Holbird
BYE
Tom Wurzinger
BYE
Tom Kluis
BYE
Ted Cincoski
Zone
3
Cobra Kai
Jank Tank
Zone
11
Evil Geniuses for a Better Tomorrow
Team Escape
Zone
6
Florida Meta
The Kennedys
Zone
2
Hey! Watch This
Lone Star
Zone
9
Just Us League
Donkey Convergance of Cyriss
Zone
8
One Beer Short of a Six Pack
The Great Quimbini and the Dirty Tricks
Zone
10
Salty Weiners
Swamp Ass Gobbers
Zone
4
Team Friendship
Freedom Fries
Zone
7
Travis's Troublemakers
How Hard Could It Be?
Zone
5
Trolls From Felix's Basement
Team Muse
Felix Flauta
Ragnor Skysplitter, The Runemaster
John DeMaris
High Allegiant Amon Ad-Raza
Chad Kaufman
Kaya the Moonhunter
Nick Crumpton
Kaelyssa, the Night's Whisper


| Opcode/Instruction | Op/En | 64/32 bit Mode Support | CPUID Feature Flag | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NP 0F F4 /r1 PMULUDQ mm1, mm2/m64 | A | V/V | SSE2 | Multiply unsigned doubleword integer in mm1 by unsigned doubleword integer in mm2/m64, and store the quadword result in mm1. |
| 66 0F F4 /r PMULUDQ xmm1, xmm2/m128 | A | V/V | SSE2 | Multiply packed unsigned doubleword integers in xmm1 by packed unsigned doubleword integers in xmm2/m128, and store the quadword results in xmm1. |
| VEX.128.66.0F.WIG F4 /r VPMULUDQ xmm1, xmm2, xmm3/m128 | B | V/V | AVX | Multiply packed unsigned doubleword integers in xmm2 by packed unsigned doubleword integers in xmm3/m128, and store the quadword results in xmm1. |
| VEX.256.66.0F.WIG F4 /r VPMULUDQ ymm1, ymm2, ymm3/m256 | B | V/V | AVX2 | Multiply packed unsigned doubleword integers in ymm2 by packed unsigned doubleword integers in ymm3/m256, and store the quadword results in ymm1. |
| EVEX.128.66.0F.W1 F4 /r VPMULUDQ xmm1 {k1}{z}, xmm2, xmm3/m128/m64bcst | C | V/V | AVX512VL AVX512F | Multiply packed unsigned doubleword integers in xmm2 by packed unsigned doubleword integers in xmm3/m128/m64bcst, and store the quadword results in xmm1 under writemask k1. |
| EVEX.256.66.0F.W1 F4 /r VPMULUDQ ymm1 {k1}{z}, ymm2, ymm3/m256/m64bcst | C | V/V | AVX512VL AVX512F | Multiply packed unsigned doubleword integers in ymm2 by packed unsigned doubleword integers in ymm3/m256/m64bcst, and store the quadword results in ymm1 under writemask k1. |
| EVEX.512.66.0F.W1 F4 /r VPMULUDQ zmm1 {k1}{z}, zmm2, zmm3/m512/m64bcst | C | V/V | AVX512F | Multiply packed unsigned doubleword integers in zmm2 by packed unsigned doubleword integers in zmm3/m512/m64bcst, and store the quadword results in zmm1 under writemask k1. |
1. See note in Section 2.4, “AVX and SSE Instruction Exception Specification” in the Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual, Volume 2A and Section 22.25.3, “Exception Conditions of Legacy SIMD Instructions Operating on MMX Registers” in the Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual, Volume 3A.
| Op/En | Tuple Type | Operand 1 | Operand 2 | Operand 3 | Operand 4 |
| A | NA | ModRM:reg (r, w) | ModRM:r/m (r) | NA | NA |
| B | NA | ModRM:reg (w) | VEX.vvvv (r) | ModRM:r/m (r) | NA |
| C | Full | ModRM:reg (w) | EVEX.vvvv (r) | ModRM:r/m (r) | NA |
Multiplies the first operand (destination operand) by the second operand (source operand) and stores the result in the destination operand.
In 64-bit mode and not encoded with VEX/EVEX, using a REX prefix in the form of REX.R permits this instruction to access additional registers (XMM8-XMM15).
Legacy SSE version 64-bit operand: The source operand can be an unsigned doubleword integer stored in the low doubleword of an MMX technology register or a 64-bit memory location. The destination operand can be an unsigned doubleword integer stored in the low doubleword an MMX technology register. The result is an unsigned
quadword integer stored in the destination an MMX technology register. When a quadword result is too large to be represented in 64 bits (overflow), the result is wrapped around and the low 64 bits are written to the destination element (that is, the carry is ignored).
For 64-bit memory operands, 64 bits are fetched from memory, but only the low doubleword is used in the computation.
128-bit Legacy SSE version: The second source operand is two packed unsigned doubleword integers stored in the first (low) and third doublewords of an XMM register or a 128-bit memory location. For 128-bit memory operands, 128 bits are fetched from memory, but only the first and third doublewords are used in the computation. The first source operand is two packed unsigned doubleword integers stored in the first and third doublewords of an XMM register. The destination contains two packed unsigned quadword integers stored in an XMM register. Bits (MAXVL-1:128) of the corresponding YMM destination register remain unchanged.
VEX.128 encoded version: The second source operand is two packed unsigned doubleword integers stored in the first (low) and third doublewords of an XMM register or a 128-bit memory location. For 128-bit memory operands, 128 bits are fetched from memory, but only the first and third doublewords are used in the computation. The first source operand is two packed unsigned doubleword integers stored in the first and third doublewords of an XMM register. The destination contains two packed unsigned quadword integers stored in an XMM register. Bits (MAXVL-1:128) of the destination YMM register are zeroed.
VEX.256 encoded version: The second source operand is four packed unsigned doubleword integers stored in the first (low), third, fifth and seventh doublewords of a YMM register or a 256-bit memory location. For 256-bit memory operands, 256 bits are fetched from memory, but only the first, third, fifth and seventh doublewords are used in the computation. The first source operand is four packed unsigned doubleword integers stored in the first, third, fifth and seventh doublewords of an YMM register. The destination contains four packed unaligned quadword integers stored in an YMM register.
EVEX encoded version: The input unsigned doubleword integers are taken from the even-numbered elements of the source operands. The first source operand is a ZMM/YMM/XMM registers. The second source operand can be an ZMM/YMM/XMM register, a 512/256/128-bit memory location or a 512/256/128-bit vector broadcasted from a 64-bit memory location. The destination is a ZMM/YMM/XMM register, and updated according to the writemask at 64-bit granularity.
DEST[63:0] ← DEST[31:0] ∗ SRC[31:0];
DEST[63:0] ← DEST[31:0] ∗ SRC[31:0]; DEST[127:64] ← DEST[95:64] ∗ SRC[95:64];
DEST[63:0]←SRC1[31:0] * SRC2[31:0] DEST[127:64]←SRC1[95:64] * SRC2[95:64] DEST[MAXVL-1:128] ← 0
DEST[63:0]←SRC1[31:0] * SRC2[31:0] DEST[127:64]←SRC1[95:64] * SRC2[95:64 DEST[191:128]←SRC1[159:128] * SRC2[159:128] DEST[255:192]←SRC1[223:192] * SRC2[223:192] DEST[MAXVL-1:256] ← 0
(KL, VL) = (2, 128), (4, 256), (8, 512) FOR j←0 TO KL-1 i←j * 64 IF k1[j] OR *no writemask* THEN IF (EVEX.b = 1) AND (SRC2 *is memory*) THEN DEST[i+63:i]←ZeroExtend64( SRC1[i+31:i]) * ZeroExtend64( SRC2[31:0] ) ELSE DEST[i+63:i]←ZeroExtend64( SRC1[i+31:i]) * ZeroExtend64( SRC2[i+31:i] ) FI; ELSE IF *merging-masking* ; merging-masking THEN *DEST[i+63:i] remains unchanged* ELSE *zeroing-masking* ; zeroing-masking DEST[i+63:i] ← 0 FI FI; ENDFOR DEST[MAXVL-1:VL] ← 0
VPMULUDQ __m512i _mm512_mul_epu32(__m512i a, __m512i b);
VPMULUDQ __m512i _mm512_mask_mul_epu32(__m512i s, __mmask8 k, __m512i a, __m512i b);
VPMULUDQ __m512i _mm512_maskz_mul_epu32( __mmask8 k, __m512i a, __m512i b);
VPMULUDQ __m256i _mm256_mask_mul_epu32(__m256i s, __mmask8 k, __m256i a, __m256i b);
VPMULUDQ __m256i _mm256_maskz_mul_epu32( __mmask8 k, __m256i a, __m256i b);
VPMULUDQ __m128i _mm_mask_mul_epu32(__m128i s, __mmask8 k, __m128i a, __m128i b);
VPMULUDQ __m128i _mm_maskz_mul_epu32( __mmask8 k, __m128i a, __m128i b);
PMULUDQ:__m64 _mm_mul_su32 (__m64 a, __m64 b)
(V)PMULUDQ:__m128i _mm_mul_epu32 ( __m128i a, __m128i b)
VPMULUDQ:__m256i _mm256_mul_epu32( __m256i a, __m256i b);
None.
None.
Non-EVEX-encoded instruction, see Exceptions Type 4.
EVEX-encoded instruction, see Exceptions Type E4.


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WITNESS LIST Corrections Committee April 9, 1997-1:30P HB 917 For: Donahue, Sterlene (Justice for All) Jones, Rep. Jesse (Himself) Sherrill, Barbara (Justice for All) Registering, but not testifying: For: Klages, George (Justice for All) On: Benestante, John (TDCJ) HB 1392 For: Cuellar, Rep. Henry (Himself) Registering, but not testifying: On: Winters, Clint (TX Comptroller's Office) HB 1693 For: Hinojosa, Rep. Juan (Himself) Registering, but not testifying: On: Baker, Thomas A. (TDCJ) Fillmore, Debbie (TX Comm. on Jail Stds.) HB 2136 For: Aaronson, Maxine (Neighborhoods Together) Dutton, Rep. Harold (Himself) On: Lee, Donald (Conf of Urban Counties) Scott, Wayne (TDCJ) Registering, but not testifying: For: Casto, Larry (City of Dallas) Forbes, Scott (City of Houston) On: Bozarth, Melinda (TDCJ) HB 2324 On: Benestante, John (TDCJ) Reynolds, Carl (TBCJ) HB 2326 Registering, but not testifying: For: Donahue, Sterlene (Justice for All) Klages, George (Justice for All) Sherrill, Barbara (Justice for All) On: Kazen, Raven (TDCJ) Reynolds, Carl (TBCJ) HB 2825 For: Place, Rep. Allen (Himself) On: Templeton, Bob (TX Dept of Transport.) HCR 132 For: Counts, Rep. David (Himself) Ellis, Harold (Himself/ JAIL Ministry) Johnson, Byron (Himself) On: McVey, Catherine (TDCJ) Scott, Wayne (TDCJ) SB 188 Registering, but not testifying: For: Carrasco, Carlos (AFSCME) On: Benestante, John (TDCJ)


| DOSE: |
25 g |
oral |
Nutmeg |
(powder / crystals) |
After finding out that nutmeg can get one high I had to experience it. I consider myself a vet of using psychoactive substances having done shrooms, acid, dxm, ecstasy, opium, numerous pain killers, my fair share of mary jane and many others.
Nutmeg works. Yes, for me at least. I tried it on two occasions taking about 25 grams of powdered nutmeg acquired from my local convient store and the effect was the same both times. I decieded the best way to take in the spice was by filling my mouth with a spoonful, gulping water and swallowing the mix. It does taste nasty and one may be tempted to gag or spit or even vomit, but one must be tough. I didn't have any of that trouble getting it down.
I apologize for not taking such a scientific approach, but I'll describe my experience to the best of my ability. The effect I got wasn't mind blowing but it was pleasent. I felt a mood lift after about an hour and my body was extremely comfortable. The effect stayed like this SLOWLY increasing for the duraton of the night. Nutmeg is a long 'trip'. If you are to try it I would plan on not doing anything the next day due to the hangover which I will explain later in the report.
Things pick up in the 8th hour. Thats pretty much when the peak begins, but different strokes for different folks. The most apparent effect is the auditory alteration. Stuff sounds cool, especially music. I noticed you can hear something more than once even when it only happens once. Someone would say something and it would reverberate through my head. Its hard to exlain with language, but one would know it when experiencing it. The body feels great, very relaxed and comfortable. The mind is at ease. Visually there was a mild warm glow about things, much like when weak acid starts to kick in. Nothing to extreme but a definite change in reality. Unforunately I had no epiphanies, but it was still fun to feel that way. Since it lasts so long one is bound to sleep under the influence and dreams are more real and 'trippy', enjoyable.
Ouch.  Nasty hangover and it is difficult to get out of bed. I wanted to just lay there until it stopped, but it doesn't for a while. I remained discombobulated for a couple days and your body can feel uncomfortable, but a little mj can make a big difference. I was back to normal in a couple days.
I also experienced atomic diarhea. It could have been caused by my government college cuisine, but if you put that much spice in one end its bound to come out spicy from the other end if you smell what I'm stepping in. The hangover was rough and almost makes me not want to take it. I'm done with it. I saw what it was about and now I can move on. I recomend trying it if you are one that enjoys various new experiences. I'm glad I did it. But beware the after effects. It works and it is diffrent than anything I have done.
But if you are to try it you must be a real trooper and if you are tough it can be very fun.
Peace my friends. Stay cool. Its your world.
-*PsyMic*
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Motorama
Artist
Daily Mix 1
Massive Attack, Kasabian
Daily Mix 2
JARV IS, Pulp
Daily Mix 3
Depeche Mode, The Velvet Underground
Daily Mix 4
The Shins, Beach House
Daily Mix 5
Grimes, Purity Ring
Made for Vic
Motorama
Artist
Daily Mix 1
Massive Attack, Kasabian
Daily Mix 2
JARV IS, Pulp
Daily Mix 3
Depeche Mode, The Velvet Underground
Daily Mix 4
The Shins, Beach House
Daily Mix 5
Grimes, Purity Ring
Post punk
Motorama
Artist
Daily Mix 1
Massive Attack, Kasabian
Daily Mix 2
JARV IS, Pulp
Daily Mix 3
Depeche Mode, The Velvet Underground
Daily Mix 4
The Shins, Beach House
Daily Mix 5
Grimes, Purity Ring


This is a Jumbotron
kdffjd kurtioe kjdflsaireo fdksjf asdfjhdsa er vkiudei
Hi There!
Bootstrap Basics
Click Me
Click Me
Click Me
Bootstrap Docs
Email Address
Password
File Input
Example block-level help text here
Check Me Out
Submit


And remember, don't do anything that affects anything, unless it turns out you were supposed to, in which case, for the love of God, don't not do it! Ow, my spirit! I don't want to be rescued. You guys aren't Santa! You're not even robots. I've got to find a way to escape the horrible ravages of youth. Suddenly, I'm going to the bathroom like clockwork, every three hours. And those jerks at Social Security stopped sending me checks. Now 'I' have to pay 'them'!


This is a dice game
This game will have the user hit the "Roll the Dice" button which then will roll two random numbers and print the winner.
Player 1
Player 2


Rating is
0
Rating is
0.5
Rating is
1
Rating is
1.5
Rating is
2
Rating is
5
Rating is
0
Rating is
0.5
Rating is
1
Rating is
1.5
Rating is
3


Welcome to my CIS 2336 Portfolio. My name is Robert Tea.
I am a CIS student at University of Houston and currently taking Professor Fofanova's class to fulfill a prerequisite.
This website serves as a learning portfolio that documents my class progress and understanding of each module.
Each module can be accessed through the links at the top of the page.
| Module 1 | Module 2 | Module 3 | Module 4 |
| HTML/CSS | PHP | MySQL/SQL | JavaScript |


one
two
three
X
Y
Z
Section Title
Filter
one
two
three
Button One
Button Two2
Button Three
Drawer
Top
Bottom
Left
Right
Head Title
Javascript
Nginx & Lua
Flutter & Dart
Button Left
Button Center
Button Right


| ID | Completed At | Verified At | Irrelevant | Note | Vote | Voters | Skill | Team | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{teamSkill.id}} | {{teamSkill.completedAt | date:'medium'}} | {{teamSkill.verifiedAt | date:'medium'}} | {{teamSkill.irrelevant}} | {{teamSkill.note}} | {{teamSkill.vote}} | {{teamSkill.voters}} |
|


| PERLREBACKSLASH(1) | Perl Programmers Reference Guide | PERLREBACKSLASH(1) |
This document describes all backslash and escape sequences. After explaining the role of the backslash, it lists all the sequences that have a special meaning in Perl regular expressions (in alphabetical order), then describes each of them.
Most sequences are described in detail in different documents; the primary purpose of this document is to have a quick reference guide describing all backslash and escape sequences.
The rules determining what it is are quite simple: if the character following the backslash is an ASCII punctuation (non-word) character (that is, anything that is not a letter, digit, or underscore), then the backslash just takes away any special meaning of the character following it.
If the character following the backslash is an ASCII letter or an ASCII digit, then the sequence may be special; if so, it's listed below. A few letters have not been used yet, so escaping them with a backslash doesn't change them to be special. A future version of Perl may assign a special meaning to them, so if you have warnings turned on, Perl issues a warning if you use such a sequence. [1].
It is however guaranteed that backslash or escape sequences never have a punctuation character following the backslash, not now, and not in a future version of Perl 5. So it is safe to put a backslash in front of a non-word character.
Note that the backslash itself is special; if you want to match a backslash, you have to escape the backslash with a backslash: "/\\/" matches a single backslash.
\000 Octal escape sequence. See also \o{}. \1 Absolute backreference. Not in []. \a Alarm or bell. \A Beginning of string. Not in []. \b{}, \b Boundary. (\b is a backspace in []). \B{}, \B Not a boundary. Not in []. \cX Control-X. \d Match any digit character. \D Match any character that isn't a digit. \e Escape character. \E Turn off \Q, \L and \U processing. Not in []. \f Form feed. \F Foldcase till \E. Not in []. \g{}, \g1 Named, absolute or relative backreference. Not in []. \G Pos assertion. Not in []. \h Match any horizontal whitespace character. \H Match any character that isn't horizontal whitespace. \k{}, \k<>, \k'' Named backreference. Not in []. \K Keep the stuff left of \K. Not in []. \l Lowercase next character. Not in []. \L Lowercase till \E. Not in []. \n (Logical) newline character. \N Match any character but newline. Not in []. \N{} Named or numbered (Unicode) character or sequence. \o{} Octal escape sequence. \p{}, \pP Match any character with the given Unicode property. \P{}, \PP Match any character without the given property. \Q Quote (disable) pattern metacharacters till \E. Not in []. \r Return character. \R Generic new line. Not in []. \s Match any whitespace character. \S Match any character that isn't a whitespace. \t Tab character. \u Titlecase next character. Not in []. \U Uppercase till \E. Not in []. \v Match any vertical whitespace character. \V Match any character that isn't vertical whitespace \w Match any word character. \W Match any character that isn't a word character. \x{}, \x00 Hexadecimal escape sequence. \X Unicode "extended grapheme cluster". Not in []. \z End of string. Not in []. \Z End of string. Not in [].
A handful of characters have a dedicated character escape. The following table shows them, along with their ASCII code points (in decimal and hex), their ASCII name, the control escape on ASCII platforms and a short description. (For EBCDIC platforms, see "OPERATOR DIFFERENCES" in perlebcdic.)
Seq. Code Point ASCII Cntrl Description. Dec Hex \a 7 07 BEL \cG alarm or bell \b 8 08 BS \cH backspace [1] \e 27 1B ESC \c[ escape character \f 12 0C FF \cL form feed \n 10 0A LF \cJ line feed [2] \r 13 0D CR \cM carriage return \t 9 09 TAB \cI tab
Example
$str =~ /\t/; # Matches if $str contains a (horizontal) tab.
Control characters
"\c" is used to denote a control character; the character following "\c" determines the value of the construct. For example the value of "\cA" is chr(1), and the value of "\cb" is chr(2), etc. The gory details are in "Regexp Quote-Like Operators" in perlop. A complete list of what chr(1), etc. means for ASCII and EBCDIC platforms is in "OPERATOR DIFFERENCES" in perlebcdic.
Note that "\c\" alone at the end of a regular expression (or doubled-quoted string) is not valid. The backslash must be followed by another character. That is, "\c\X" means "chr(28) . 'X'" for all characters X.
To write platform-independent code, you must use "\N{NAME}" instead, like "\N{ESCAPE}" or "\N{U+001B}", see charnames.
Mnemonic: control character.
Example
$str =~ /\cK/; # Matches if $str contains a vertical tab (control-K).
Named or numbered characters and character sequences
Unicode characters have a Unicode name and numeric code point (ordinal) value. Use the "\N{}" construct to specify a character by either of these values. Certain sequences of characters also have names.
To specify by name, the name of the character or character sequence goes between the curly braces.
To specify a character by Unicode code point, use the form "\N{U+code point}", where code point is a number in hexadecimal that gives the code point that Unicode has assigned to the desired character. It is customary but not required to use leading zeros to pad the number to 4 digits. Thus "\N{U+0041}" means "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A", and you will rarely see it written without the two leading zeros. "\N{U+0041}" means "A" even on EBCDIC machines (where the ordinal value of "A" is not 0x41).
It is even possible to give your own names to characters and character sequences by using the charnames module. These custom names are lexically scoped, and so a given code point may have different names in different scopes. The name used is what is in effect at the time the "\N{}" is expanded. For patterns in double-quotish context, that means at the time the pattern is parsed. But for patterns that are delimitted by single quotes, the expansion is deferred until pattern compilation time, which may very well have a different "charnames" translator in effect.
(There is an expanded internal form that you may see in debug output: "\N{U+code point.code point...}". The "..." means any number of these code points separated by dots. This represents the sequence formed by the characters. This is an internal form only, subject to change, and you should not try to use it yourself.)
Mnemonic: Named character.
Note that a character or character sequence expressed as a named or numbered character is considered a character without special meaning by the regex engine, and will match "as is".
Example
$str =~ /\N{THAI CHARACTER SO SO}/; # Matches the Thai SO SO character use charnames 'Cyrillic'; # Loads Cyrillic names. $str =~ /\N{ZHE}\N{KA}/; # Match "ZHE" followed by "KA".
Octal escapes
There are two forms of octal escapes. Each is used to specify a character by its code point specified in octal notation.
One form, available starting in Perl 5.14 looks like "\o{...}", where the dots represent one or more octal digits. It can be used for any Unicode character.
It was introduced to avoid the potential problems with the other form, available in all Perls. That form consists of a backslash followed by three octal digits. One problem with this form is that it can look exactly like an old-style backreference (see "Disambiguation rules between old-style octal escapes and backreferences" below.) You can avoid this by making the first of the three digits always a zero, but that makes \077 the largest code point specifiable.
In some contexts, a backslash followed by two or even one octal digits may be interpreted as an octal escape, sometimes with a warning, and because of some bugs, sometimes with surprising results. Also, if you are creating a regex out of smaller snippets concatenated together, and you use fewer than three digits, the beginning of one snippet may be interpreted as adding digits to the ending of the snippet before it. See "Absolute referencing" for more discussion and examples of the snippet problem.
Note that a character expressed as an octal escape is considered a character without special meaning by the regex engine, and will match "as is".
To summarize, the "\o{}" form is always safe to use, and the other form is safe to use for code points through \077 when you use exactly three digits to specify them.
Mnemonic: 0ctal or octal.
Examples (assuming an ASCII platform)
$str = "Perl"; $str =~ /\o{120}/; # Match, "\120" is "P". $str =~ /\120/; # Same. $str =~ /\o{120}+/; # Match, "\120" is "P", # it's repeated at least once. $str =~ /\120+/; # Same. $str =~ /P\053/; # No match, "\053" is "+" and taken literally. /\o{23073}/ # Black foreground, white background smiling face. /\o{4801234567}/ # Raises a warning, and yields chr(4).
Disambiguation rules between old-style octal escapes and backreferences
Octal escapes of the "\000" form outside of bracketed character classes potentially clash with old-style backreferences (see "Absolute referencing" below). They both consist of a backslash followed by numbers. So Perl has to use heuristics to determine whether it is a backreference or an octal escape. Perl uses the following rules to disambiguate:
my $pat = "(" x 999; $pat .= "a"; $pat .= ")" x 999; /^($pat)\1000$/; # Matches 'aa'; there are 1000 capture groups. /^$pat\1000$/; # Matches 'a@0'; there are 999 capture groups # and \1000 is seen as \100 (a '@') and a '0'.
You can force a backreference interpretation always by using the "\g{...}" form. You can the force an octal interpretation always by using the "\o{...}" form, or for numbers up through \077 (= 63 decimal), by using three digits, beginning with a "0".
Hexadecimal escapes
Like octal escapes, there are two forms of hexadecimal escapes, but both start with the sequence "\x". This is followed by either exactly two hexadecimal digits forming a number, or a hexadecimal number of arbitrary length surrounded by curly braces. The hexadecimal number is the code point of the character you want to express.
Note that a character expressed as one of these escapes is considered a character without special meaning by the regex engine, and will match "as is".
Mnemonic: hexadecimal.
Examples (assuming an ASCII platform)
$str = "Perl"; $str =~ /\x50/; # Match, "\x50" is "P". $str =~ /\x50+/; # Match, "\x50" is "P", it is repeated at least once $str =~ /P\x2B/; # No match, "\x2B" is "+" and taken literally. /\x{2603}\x{2602}/ # Snowman with an umbrella. # The Unicode character 2603 is a snowman, # the Unicode character 2602 is an umbrella. /\x{263B}/ # Black smiling face. /\x{263b}/ # Same, the hex digits A - F are case insensitive.
To uppercase or lowercase several characters, one might want to use "\L" or "\U", which will lowercase/uppercase all characters following them, until either the end of the pattern or the next occurrence of "\E", whichever comes first. They provide functionality similar to what the functions "lc" and "uc" provide.
"\Q" is used to quote (disable) pattern metacharacters, up to the next "\E" or the end of the pattern. "\Q" adds a backslash to any character that could have special meaning to Perl. In the ASCII range, it quotes every character that isn't a letter, digit, or underscore. See "quotemeta" in perlfunc for details on what gets quoted for non-ASCII code points. Using this ensures that any character between "\Q" and "\E" will be matched literally, not interpreted as a metacharacter by the regex engine.
"\F" can be used to casefold all characters following, up to the next "\E" or the end of the pattern. It provides the functionality similar to the "fc" function.
Mnemonic: Lowercase, Uppercase, Fold-case, Quotemeta, End.
Examples
$sid = "sid"; $greg = "GrEg"; $miranda = "(Miranda)"; $str =~ /\u$sid/; # Matches 'Sid' $str =~ /\L$greg/; # Matches 'greg' $str =~ /\Q$miranda\E/; # Matches '(Miranda)', as if the pattern # had been written as /\(Miranda\)/
"\w" is a character class that matches any single word character (letters, digits, Unicode marks, and connector punctuation (like the underscore)). "\d" is a character class that matches any decimal digit, while the character class "\s" matches any whitespace character. New in perl 5.10.0 are the classes "\h" and "\v" which match horizontal and vertical whitespace characters.
The exact set of characters matched by "\d", "\s", and "\w" varies depending on various pragma and regular expression modifiers. It is possible to restrict the match to the ASCII range by using the "/a" regular expression modifier. See perlrecharclass.
The uppercase variants ("\W", "\D", "\S", "\H", and "\V") are character classes that match, respectively, any character that isn't a word character, digit, whitespace, horizontal whitespace, or vertical whitespace.
Mnemonics: word, digit, space, horizontal, vertical.
Unicode classes
"\pP" (where "P" is a single letter) and "\p{Property}" are used to match a character that matches the given Unicode property; properties include things like "letter", or "thai character". Capitalizing the sequence to "\PP" and "\P{Property}" make the sequence match a character that doesn't match the given Unicode property. For more details, see "Backslash sequences" in perlrecharclass and "Unicode Character Properties" in perlunicode.
Mnemonic: property.
Absolute referencing
Either "\gN" (starting in Perl 5.10.0), or "\N" (old-style) where N is a positive (unsigned) decimal number of any length is an absolute reference to a capturing group.
N refers to the Nth set of parentheses, so "\gN" refers to whatever has been matched by that set of parentheses. Thus "\g1" refers to the first capture group in the regex.
The "\gN" form can be equivalently written as "\g{N}" which avoids ambiguity when building a regex by concatenating shorter strings. Otherwise if you had a regex "qr/$a$b/", and $a contained "\g1", and $b contained "37", you would get "/\g137/" which is probably not what you intended.
In the "\N" form, N must not begin with a "0", and there must be at least N capturing groups, or else N is considered an octal escape (but something like "\18" is the same as "\0018"; that is, the octal escape "\001" followed by a literal digit "8").
Mnemonic: group.
Examples
/(\w+) \g1/; # Finds a duplicated word, (e.g. "cat cat"). /(\w+) \1/; # Same thing; written old-style. /(.)(.)\g2\g1/; # Match a four letter palindrome (e.g. "ABBA").
Relative referencing
"\g-N" (starting in Perl 5.10.0) is used for relative addressing. (It can be written as "\g{-N".) It refers to the Nth group before the "\g{- N}".
The big advantage of this form is that it makes it much easier to write patterns with references that can be interpolated in larger patterns, even if the larger pattern also contains capture groups.
Examples
/(A) # Group 1 ( # Group 2 (B) # Group 3 \g{-1} # Refers to group 3 (B) \g{-3} # Refers to group 1 (A) ) /x; # Matches "ABBA". my $qr = qr /(.)(.)\g{-2}\g{-1}/; # Matches 'abab', 'cdcd', etc. /$qr$qr/ # Matches 'ababcdcd'.
Named referencing
"\g{name}" (starting in Perl 5.10.0) can be used to back refer to a named capture group, dispensing completely with having to think about capture buffer positions.
To be compatible with .Net regular expressions, "\g{name}" may also be written as "\k{name}", "\k<name>" or "\k'name'".
To prevent any ambiguity, name must not start with a digit nor contain a hyphen.
Examples
/(?<word>\w+) \g{word}/ # Finds duplicated word, (e.g. "cat cat") /(?<word>\w+) \k{word}/ # Same. /(?<word>\w+) \k<word>/ # Same. /(?<letter1>.)(?<letter2>.)\g{letter2}\g{letter1}/ # Match a four letter palindrome (e.g. "ABBA")
"\z" is just like "\Z", except that it does not match before a trailing newline. "\z" matches at the end of the string only, regardless of the modifiers used, and not just before a newline. It is how to anchor the match to the true end of the string under all conditions.
"\G" matches the point where the previous match on that string ended, or the beginning of that string if there was no previous match.
Mnemonic: Global.
"\b" when not immediately followed by a "{" matches at any place between a word (something matched by "\w") and a non-word character ("\W"); "\B" when not immediately followed by a "{" matches at any place between characters where "\b" doesn't match. To get better word matching of natural language text, see "\b{wb}" below.
"\b" and "\B" assume there's a non-word character before the beginning and after the end of the source string; so "\b" will match at the beginning (or end) of the source string if the source string begins (or ends) with a word character. Otherwise, "\B" will match.
Do not use something like "\b=head\d\b" and expect it to match the beginning of a line. It can't, because for there to be a boundary before the non-word "=", there must be a word character immediately previous. All plain "\b" and "\B" boundary determinations look for word characters alone, not for non-word characters nor for string ends. It may help to understand how "\b" and "\B" work by equating them as follows:
\b really means (?:(?<=\w)(?!\w)|(?<!\w)(?=\w)) \B really means (?:(?<=\w)(?=\w)|(?<!\w)(?!\w))
In contrast, "\b{...}" and "\B{...}" may or may not match at the beginning and end of the line, depending on the boundary type. These implement the Unicode default boundaries, specified in <http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr14/> and <http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/>. The boundary types are:
This is suitable for many purposes, but the Unicode::LineBreak module is available on CPAN that provides many more features, including customization.
The current Unicode definition of a Word Boundary matches between every white space character. Perl tailors this, starting in version 5.24, to generally not break up spans of white space, just as plain "\b" has always functioned. This allows "\b{wb}" to be a drop-in replacement for "\b", but with generally better results for natural language processing. (The exception to this tailoring is when a span of white space is immediately followed by something like U+0303, COMBINING TILDE. If the final space character in the span is a horizontal white space, it is broken out so that it attaches instead to the combining character. To be precise, if a span of white space that ends in a horizontal space has the character immediately following it have any of the Word Boundary property values "Extend", "Format" or "ZWJ", the boundary between the final horizontal space character and the rest of the span matches "\b{wb}". In all other cases the boundary between two white space characters matches "\B{wb}".)
It is important to realize when you use these Unicode boundaries, that you are taking a risk that a future version of Perl which contains a later version of the Unicode Standard will not work precisely the same way as it did when your code was written. These rules are not considered stable and have been somewhat more subject to change than the rest of the Standard. Unicode reserves the right to change them at will, and Perl reserves the right to update its implementation to Unicode's new rules. In the past, some changes have been because new characters have been added to the Standard which have different characteristics than all previous characters, so new rules are formulated for handling them. These should not cause any backward compatibility issues. But some changes have changed the treatment of existing characters because the Unicode Technical Committee has decided that the change is warranted for whatever reason. This could be to fix a bug, or because they think better results are obtained with the new rule.
It is also important to realize that these are default boundary definitions, and that implementations may wish to tailor the results for particular purposes and locales. For example, some languages, such as Japanese and Thai, require dictionary lookup to accurately determine word boundaries.
Mnemonic: boundary.
Examples
"cat" =~ /\Acat/; # Match. "cat" =~ /cat\Z/; # Match. "cat\n" =~ /cat\Z/; # Match. "cat\n" =~ /cat\z/; # No match. "cat" =~ /\bcat\b/; # Matches. "cats" =~ /\bcat\b/; # No match. "cat" =~ /\bcat\B/; # No match. "cats" =~ /\bcat\B/; # Match. while ("cat dog" =~ /(\w+)/g) { print $1; # Prints 'catdog' } while ("cat dog" =~ /\G(\w+)/g) { print $1; # Prints 'cat' } my $s = "He said, \"Is pi 3.14? (I'm not sure).\""; print join("|", $s =~ m/ ( .+? \b ) /xg), "\n"; print join("|", $s =~ m/ ( .+? \b{wb} ) /xg), "\n"; prints He| |said|, "|Is| |pi| |3|.|14|? (|I|'|m| |not| |sure He| |said|,| |"|Is| |pi| |3.14|?| |(|I'm| |not| |sure|)|.|"
Mnemonic: Keep.
Note that "\N{...}" can mean a named or numbered character .
Mnemonic: Complement of \n.
"\x0D\x0A" =~ /^\R\x0A$/ # No match
fails, because the "\R" matches the entire string, and won't backtrack to match just the "\x0D".) Since "\R" can match a sequence of more than one character, it cannot be put inside a bracketed character class; "/[\R]/" is an error; use "\v" instead. "\R" was introduced in perl 5.10.0.
Note that this does not respect any locale that might be in effect; it matches according to the platform's native character set.
Mnemonic: none really. "\R" was picked because PCRE already uses "\R", and more importantly because Unicode recommends such a regular expression metacharacter, and suggests "\R" as its notation.
"\X" matches quite well what normal (non-Unicode-programmer) usage would consider a single character. As an example, consider a G with some sort of diacritic mark, such as an arrow. There is no such single character in Unicode, but one can be composed by using a G followed by a Unicode "COMBINING UPWARDS ARROW BELOW", and would be displayed by Unicode-aware software as if it were a single character.
The match is greedy and non-backtracking, so that the cluster is never broken up into smaller components.
See also "\b{gcb}".
Mnemonic: eXtended Unicode character.
Examples
$str =~ s/foo\Kbar/baz/g; # Change any 'bar' following a 'foo' to 'baz' $str =~ s/(.)\K\g1//g; # Delete duplicated characters. "\n" =~ /^\R$/; # Match, \n is a generic newline. "\r" =~ /^\R$/; # Match, \r is a generic newline. "\r\n" =~ /^\R$/; # Match, \r\n is a generic newline. "P\x{307}" =~ /^\X$/ # \X matches a P with a dot above.
| 2019-10-21 | perl v5.30.3 |


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{% include "home/includes/post_item.html" with posts=self.auto_posts.all auto=True only %}
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{% include "home/includes/mini_post.html" with vids=self.featured_video.all embeds=self.embed only %}
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Robotics Renders pt. 1: ORB
A couple of weeks ago I ran a bunch of renders on the STEMpunks computer of our new OutreachBot (ORB for short). These had a variety of themes, some of which you will see. The render above this is themed similar to the Black Superman Suit from DC comics.
About ORB
ORB is a bot we created this past year to take with us on outreaches to the community. It has a 4-Wheel Mecanum drive system, which allows it to move side to side as well as forwards and backwards. It was programmed in Python 3 using the RobotPy library. For more details on the programming aspects of this, see various other posts.
Next is one follows the color scheme of the Calus’ Selected shader from the video game Destiny 2. It consists of mainly white, gold, and purple.
This one reflects the sort of steampunk theme our Robotics team has, with dark green and gold working together. If you want to see some cool stempunk action, come by our pit when we go to competition. We are in full costume, and so is the robot.
This render fits the color scheme of our team logo, a dark green and white, sometimes in separate positions of power. Since white gussets don’t work well, I have this color scheme:
Finally, I have the L&N STEM Academy themed bot, complete with green and yellow colors. This was used at the Fall Showcase this past week in the area of Digital Arts and Design. This was rendered in 4K with a bunch of other robots, which I will showcase later on.
Using These Photos
Feel free to download these photos and use them how you see fit. Upon further request, I can provide the PSD files for the STEM Academy-themed bot.
All of these photos were rendered in SolidWorks Visualize and some were edited with Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator.


There are two ways to create indicators. You can create indicators with the indicator constructor or use a helper method in the QCAlgorithm
class. If you use the helper method, the indicator automatically updates as your algorithm receives new data.
private BollingerBands _manualBB; private BollingerBands _autoBB; public override void Initialize() { // Create a manual indicator with the indicator constructor _manualBB = new BollingerBands(20, 2) // Create an automatic indicator with the helper method var symbol = AddCrypto("BTCUSD").Symbol; _autoBB = BB(symbol, 20, 2, Resolution.Daily); }
def Initialize(self) -> None: # Create a manual indicator with the indicator constructor self.manual_bb = BollingerBands(20, 2) # Create an automatic indicator with the helper method symbol = self.AddCrypto("BTCUSD").Symbol; self.auto_bb = self.BB(symbol, 20, 2, Resolution.Daily)