Security¶
By default, all gates are opened. An easy way to restrict access to the web application is to do it at the network level, or by using SSH tunnels.
It is however possible to switch on authentication by either using one of the supplied backends or creating your own.
Be sure to checkout Experimental Rest API for securing the API.
Note
Airflow uses the config parser of Python. This config parser interpolates
‘%’-signs. Make sure escape any %
signs in your config file (but not
environment variables) as %%
, otherwise Airflow might leak these
passwords on a config parser exception to a log.
Web Authentication¶
Password¶
Note
This is for flask-admin based web UI only. If you are using FAB-based web UI with RBAC feature,
please use command line interface create_user
to create accounts, or do that in the FAB-based UI itself.
One of the simplest mechanisms for authentication is requiring users to specify a password before logging in.
Password authentication requires the used of the password
subpackage in your requirements file. Password hashing
uses bcrypt
before storing passwords.
[webserver]
authenticate = True
auth_backend = airflow.contrib.auth.backends.password_auth
When password auth is enabled, an initial user credential will need to be created before anyone can login. An initial user was not created in the migrations for this authentication backend to prevent default Airflow installations from attack. Creating a new user has to be done via a Python REPL on the same machine Airflow is installed.
# navigate to the airflow installation directory
$ cd ~/airflow
$ python
Python 2.7.9 (default, Feb 10 2015, 03:28:08)
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import airflow
>>> from airflow import models, settings
>>> from airflow.contrib.auth.backends.password_auth import PasswordUser
>>> user = PasswordUser(models.User())
>>> user.username = 'new_user_name'
>>> user.email =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>>>> user.password = 'set_the_password'
>>> session = settings.Session()
>>> session.add(user)
>>> session.commit()
>>> session.close()
>>> exit()
LDAP¶
To turn on LDAP authentication configure your airflow.cfg
as follows. Please note that the example uses
an encrypted connection to the ldap server as we do not want passwords be readable on the network level.
Additionally, if you are using Active Directory, and are not explicitly specifying an OU that your users are in,
you will need to change search_scope
to “SUBTREE”.
Valid search_scope options can be found in the ldap3 Documentation
[webserver]
authenticate = True
auth_backend = airflow.contrib.auth.backends.ldap_auth
[ldap]
# set a connection without encryption: uri = ldap://<your.ldap.server>:<port>
uri = ldaps://<your.ldap.server>:<port>
user_filter = objectClass=*
# in case of Active Directory you would use: user_name_attr = sAMAccountName
user_name_attr = uid
# group_member_attr should be set accordingly with *_filter
# eg :
# group_member_attr = groupMembership
# superuser_filter = groupMembership=CN=airflow-super-users...
group_member_attr = memberOf
superuser_filter = memberOf=CN=airflow-super-users,OU=Groups,OU=RWC,OU=US,OU=NORAM,DC=example,DC=com
data_profiler_filter = memberOf=CN=airflow-data-profilers,OU=Groups,OU=RWC,OU=US,OU=NORAM,DC=example,DC=com
bind_user = cn=Manager,dc=example,dc=com
bind_password = insecure
basedn = dc=example,dc=com
cacert = /etc/ca/ldap_ca.crt
# Set search_scope to one of them: BASE, LEVEL , SUBTREE
# Set search_scope to SUBTREE if using Active Directory, and not specifying an Organizational Unit
search_scope = LEVEL
The superuser_filter and data_profiler_filter are optional. If defined, these configurations allow you to specify LDAP groups that users must belong to in order to have superuser (admin) and data-profiler permissions. If undefined, all users will be superusers and data profilers.
Roll your own¶
Airflow uses flask_login
and
exposes a set of hooks in the airflow.default_login
module. You can
alter the content and make it part of the PYTHONPATH
and configure it as a backend in airflow.cfg
.
[webserver]
authenticate = True
auth_backend = mypackage.auth
Multi-tenancy¶
You can filter the list of dags in webserver by owner name when authentication
is turned on by setting webserver:filter_by_owner
in your config. With this, a user will see
only the dags which it is owner of, unless it is a superuser.
[webserver]
filter_by_owner = True
Kerberos¶
Airflow has initial support for Kerberos. This means that airflow can renew kerberos tickets for itself and store it in the ticket cache. The hooks and dags can make use of ticket to authenticate against kerberized services.
Limitations¶
Please note that at this time, not all hooks have been adjusted to make use of this functionality. Also it does not integrate kerberos into the web interface and you will have to rely on network level security for now to make sure your service remains secure.
Celery integration has not been tried and tested yet. However, if you generate a key tab for every host and launch a ticket renewer next to every worker it will most likely work.
Enabling kerberos¶
Airflow¶
To enable kerberos you will need to generate a (service) key tab.
# in the kadmin.local or kadmin shell, create the airflow principal
kadmin: addprinc -randkey<EMAIL_ADDRESS># Create the airflow keytab file that will contain the airflow principal
kadmin: xst -norandkey -k airflow.keytab airflow/fully.qualified.domain.name
Now store this file in a location where the airflow user can read it (chmod 600). And then add the following to
your airflow.cfg
[core]
security = kerberos
[kerberos]
keytab = /etc/airflow/airflow.keytab
reinit_frequency = 3600
principal = airflow
Launch the ticket renewer by
# run ticket renewer
airflow kerberos
Hadoop¶
If want to use impersonation this needs to be enabled in core-site.xml
of your hadoop config.
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.airflow.groups</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.airflow.users</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.proxyuser.airflow.hosts</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>
Of course if you need to tighten your security replace the asterisk with something more appropriate.
Using kerberos authentication¶
The hive hook has been updated to take advantage of kerberos authentication. To allow your DAGs to use it, simply update the connection details with, for example:
{ "use_beeline": true, "principal"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Adjust the principal to your settings. The _HOST part will be replaced by the fully qualified domain name of the server.
You can specify if you would like to use the dag owner as the user for the connection or the user specified in the login section of the connection. For the login user, specify the following as extra:
{ "use_beeline": true, "principal"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"proxy_user": "login"}
For the DAG owner use:
{ "use_beeline": true, "principal"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"proxy_user": "owner"}
and in your DAG, when initializing the HiveOperator, specify:
run_as_owner=True
To use kerberos authentication, you must install Airflow with the kerberos extras group:
pip install airflow[kerberos]
OAuth Authentication¶
GitHub Enterprise (GHE) Authentication¶
The GitHub Enterprise authentication backend can be used to authenticate users against an installation of GitHub Enterprise using OAuth2. You can optionally specify a team whitelist (composed of slug cased team names) to restrict login to only members of those teams.
[webserver]
authenticate = True
auth_backend = airflow.contrib.auth.backends.github_enterprise_auth
[github_enterprise]
host = github.example.com
client_id = oauth_key_from_github_enterprise
client_secret = oauth_secret_from_github_enterprise
oauth_callback_route = /example/ghe_oauth/callback
allowed_teams = 1, 345, 23
Note
If you do not specify a team whitelist, anyone with a valid account on your GHE installation will be able to login to Airflow.
To use GHE authentication, you must install Airflow with the github_enterprise extras group:
pip install airflow[github_enterprise]
Setting up GHE Authentication¶
An application must be setup in GHE before you can use the GHE authentication backend. In order to setup an application:
- Navigate to your GHE profile
- Select ‘Applications’ from the left hand nav
- Select the ‘Developer Applications’ tab
- Click ‘Register new application’
- Fill in the required information (the ‘Authorization callback URL’ must be fully qualified e.g. http://airflow.example.com/example/ghe_oauth/callback)
- Click ‘Register application’
- Copy ‘Client ID’, ‘Client Secret’, and your callback route to your airflow.cfg according to the above example
Using GHE Authentication with github.com¶
It is possible to use GHE authentication with github.com:
- Create an Oauth App
- Copy ‘Client ID’, ‘Client Secret’ to your airflow.cfg according to the above example
- Set
host = github.com
andoauth_callback_route = /oauth/callback
in airflow.cfg
Google Authentication¶
The Google authentication backend can be used to authenticate users against Google using OAuth2. You must specify the domains to restrict login, separated with a comma, to only members of those domains.
[webserver]
authenticate = True
auth_backend = airflow.contrib.auth.backends.google_auth
[google]
client_id = google_client_id
client_secret = google_client_secret
oauth_callback_route = /oauth2callback
domain = "example1.com,example2.com"
To use Google authentication, you must install Airflow with the google_auth extras group:
pip install airflow[google_auth]
Setting up Google Authentication¶
An application must be setup in the Google API Console before you can use the Google authentication backend. In order to setup an application:
- Navigate to https://console.developers.google.com/apis/
- Select ‘Credentials’ from the left hand nav
- Click ‘Create credentials’ and choose ‘OAuth client ID’
- Choose ‘Web application’
- Fill in the required information (the ‘Authorized redirect URIs’ must be fully qualified e.g. http://airflow.example.com/oauth2callback)
- Click ‘Create’
- Copy ‘Client ID’, ‘Client Secret’, and your redirect URI to your airflow.cfg according to the above example
SSL¶
SSL can be enabled by providing a certificate and key. Once enabled, be sure to use “https://” in your browser.
[webserver]
web_server_ssl_cert = <path to cert>
web_server_ssl_key = <path to key>
Enabling SSL will not automatically change the web server port. If you want to use the standard port 443, you’ll need to configure that too. Be aware that super user privileges (or cap_net_bind_service on Linux) are required to listen on port 443.
# Optionally, set the server to listen on the standard SSL port.
web_server_port = 443
base_url = http://<hostname or IP>:443
Enable CeleryExecutor with SSL. Ensure you properly generate client and server certs and keys.
[celery]
ssl_active = True
ssl_key = <path to key>
ssl_cert = <path to cert>
ssl_cacert = <path to cacert>
Impersonation¶
Airflow has the ability to impersonate a unix user while running task
instances based on the task’s run_as_user
parameter, which takes a user’s name.
NOTE: For impersonations to work, Airflow must be run with sudo as subtasks are run with sudo -u and permissions of files are changed. Furthermore, the unix user needs to exist on the worker. Here is what a simple sudoers file entry could look like to achieve this, assuming as airflow is running as the airflow user. Note that this means that the airflow user must be trusted and treated the same way as the root user.
airflow ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
Subtasks with impersonation will still log to the same folder, except that the files they log to will have permissions changed such that only the unix user can write to it.
Default Impersonation¶
To prevent tasks that don’t use impersonation to be run with sudo privileges, you can set the
core:default_impersonation
config which sets a default user impersonate if run_as_user is
not set.
[core]
default_impersonation = airflow
Flower Authentication¶
Basic authentication for Celery Flower is supported.
You can specify the details either as an optional argument in the Flower process launching
command, or as a configuration item in your airflow.cfg
. For both cases, please provide
user:password pairs separated by a comma.
airflow flower --basic_auth=user1:password1,user2:password2
[celery]
flower_basic_auth = user1:password1,user2:password2


"CLEOPHAS "(in the spelling of this word h is inserted by mistake from Latin MSS.), rather Cleopas, which is the Greek form of the word, while Clopas is the Aramaic form. In John 19:25 the Authorized Version reads,“Mary, the wife of Clopas.” The word “wife” is conjecturally inserted here. If “wife” is rightly inserted, then Mary was the mother of James the Less, and Clopas is the same as Alphaeus (Matthew 10:3; 27:56).
"CLEOPHAS "(in the spelling of this word h is inserted by mistake from Latin MSS.), rather Cleopas, which is the Greek form of the word, while Clopas is the Aramaic form. In John 19:25 the Authorized Version reads,“Mary, the wife of Clopas.” The word “wife” is conjecturally inserted here. If “wife” is rightly inserted, then Mary was the mother of James the Less, and Clopas is the same as Alphaeus (Matthew 10:3; 27:56).


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| Performs (possibly-adaptive) particle marginal Metropolis-Hastings sampling, using a multivariate normal distribution as the parameter proposal. This samples on the transformed space, but it writes out the untransformed/constrained samples to the output. The priors requested by the user are for the (hopefully more convenient) un-transformed or constrained space. This means that the user never has to worry about handling any kind of Jacobian–just specify a prior on the familiar space, and a function that approximates log-likelihoods. | |
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| Class that samples parameters from a csv file. File must not have header, and be comma separated. | |


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Overview
Slideshow
Tricks on Testing!
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tons of testing tools
a huge amount of ToDos to built them all in
a fucked up week long running pipeline if you run everything
Lesson 1: Use your sleeping time
Test on Nightly / Weekly builds
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Don't be stupid, be efficent
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If you can't multitask: there is a cloud that can do this
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Make your project better in quality without hazing your developers
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Time is money and gaining speed in the process is fun
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There is no fun in manually evaluating every test result from different test types to get a health
status.
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That is enough lessons learned for 20 minutes talk
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Project Overview:
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BI / KPIs
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Code Quality
Logfiles
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Save time and money
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Take care of your coders
Make a dashboard
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Bonus slide: Feedback
Questions?
Sources:
Reminder: IMPORTANT!!! ToDo before the conference.


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Roger Scott
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Roger Scott
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Roger Scott
Marketing ManagerFar far away, behind the word mountains, far from the countries Vokalia and Consonantia, there live the blind texts.
Roger Scott
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A small river named Duden flows by their place and supplies it with the necessary regelialia. It is a paradisematic country, in which roasted parts of sentences fly into your mouth.


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| Test Performed | Before | After | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Initial Load Time |
4.7 |
2.7 |
2 |
| Visually Complete |
3.8 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
| Fully Loaded |
4.9 |
1.6 |
3.3 |
| Test Performed | Before | After | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Initial Load Time |
4.7 |
2.7 |
2 |
| Visually Complete |
3.8 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
| Fully Loaded |
4.9 |
1.6 |
3.3 |
| SEO |
4.9 |
2.6 |
2.3 |
Usage is very simple - just set your data together as you normally would in an HTML table. Two items to focus on:
data-id
on the table elementdata-set
variable. This gives you control over each point (can specify it's total, etc.)| Test Performed | Before | After | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Initial Load Time |
4.7 |
2.7 |
2 |
To change individual bar graph colors, simply edit the corresponding CSS variables found at the top of the CSS file (or replace these variables in your own separate stylesheet)
--bar-color-1: #357EC7;
--bar-color-2: #E42217;
--bar-color-3: #4CC417;
--bar-color-4: #7D0541;
--bar-color-5: #FFD801;
There are a set of common standards that should be followed and assumptions made by the project itself that you need to be aware of when creating the table
base for your graphs:
th
in your thead
will only be displayed on mobile (this is the main heading for the tbody
table headings - so it is for reference only)th
tags for each of your tbody tr
items which label their sibling elementsThat's it!


Dropped big yogurt container this morning. Most impressive mess in quite a while. Bet we'll be finding splotches of yogurt weeks from now.
8/28/2009, 9:25:57 AM
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Dropped big yogurt container this morning. Most impressive mess in quite a while. Bet we'll be finding splotches of yogurt weeks from now.
8/28/2009, 9:25:57 AM
Favs: 0
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link


Davis is an Computer Science & Engineering student at UC San Diego.
Davis previously served as IT assistant in Provost IT Service Group, where is perform great IT service to all undergraduate colleges' staff members.
Moreover, he previously worked as a programming assistant in Oitmain inc. over winter break of 2015.


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No special permissions.


A service for people to generate deepfake content. Through the performative and controlled medium of a karaoke booth, people can embody their heroes.
Category: Interactive installation, generative video, research
Instructor: Jennifer Rodenhouse
Year: 2019
An AI-generated video that replaces a face in one video with another face.
DeepFaceLab is the program I used, and there was a steep barrier to entry as it is definitely not consumer-ready software. It’s Windows-only. It isn’t well documented. There isn’t a GUI. It’s just a series of command-line scripts in a folder, each with an obscure list of text-only settings.
To make a deepfake, you need 2 sources of video, a few minutes each. Each face should be clearly visible, and each subject should be moving their head to multiple angles, making different expressions, and moving their mouth in different positions. The AI will build a model that will try to “match” the features of one face with another, based on its angle and expression.
Think of these as design guidelines:
Most deepfakes people make are of celebrities/politicians/public figures because it’s easy to find source video that meets the above requirements.
I found that the best type of video content to use are interviews and keynotes/TED talks.
Graduation is stressful. By deepfaking myself into current-day heroes of design and technology, could I deepfake my way to success?
I chose a video of Tim Cook giving a presention as the destination video, and myself giving a presentation as the source video.
Video is a sequence of still images, but all you really need are the faces. DeepFaceLab provides scripts breaking up video frames, analyzing the faces in each frame, then cropping images accordingly.
Now, the AI has to “train a model.” We teach it how to identify the facial features one two facial datasets by giving it as large a variety as possible: a variety of expressions, mouth movements, and angles. Later, it will try to re-build the face of the “destination” video. The AI is learning to sketch from memory, and its memory improves over time.
24+ hours and 80,000+ iterations later, I had my results.
Deepfake videos are almost always celebrities or politicians because it’s easy to find the right type of video content of them, and there’s often a level of assumed deception or trickery involved.
How can we democratize this content more while increasing deepfake literacy?
How do you set up an installation to generate the right kind of video content to deepfake anyone?
How do you diversify the content that’s deepfakes — not just celebrities, porn or politicians — and build consent into the process?
Keep someone in front of a camera for 1-2 minutes.
Have them talk, move their head multiple angles, and make multiple expressions.
Give people a reason to want to be deepfaked.
A karaoke booth for gathering deepfake content (that doesn’t record audio, just facial video).
Karaoke feels natural and performative, while meeting all of our requirements.
What if anyone could deepfake themselves into their heroes, too?
Do deepfakes have to be about deception, or can you use it to honor your subject, too? Have you always wanted to become your heroes? Now you can.
My recording booth consisted of:
I created a sing-along video for “Heroes” and projected it moving around the wall with the assumption that it would help me capture a large variety of face angles.
However, after the test, the first thing Mikiko (my test subject) asked was: “can I pick my own song?”
There was no significant improvement by using moving video over normal karaoke video — people still look around and move to the music. The scale of the projection also caused people to move their head more to scan lyrics.
Realization: what people actually sing is irrelevant. All you really need is video of their face.
To summarize, here are the steps for making a deepfake:
We’ve hit the limits of AI. Small faces and severe side angles don’t work, but other moments are convincing. The bad results are interesting, even beautiful.
To generate deepfakes, you need to curate the video that will be faked very carefully because many shots won’t work. This is why most deepfakes are very short and controlled.
A pop-up karaoke bar experience.
Come do karaoke and truly become a pop star. After the experience, users will be given both their video result and their dataset, giving them ownership of their facial data to use for further deepfaking if they wish.
The intention is to increase literacy about the process of deepfaking, and maintain a sense of humor about it — no one wants to hear more doomsday-speak about how deepfakes will be the end of democracy, right?


A cat ever so attached to you from the get-go perhaps had a connection with you. The connection can be founded on various reasons that highly involves your cat's feelings towards you. Perhaps, your cat feels secure with you more than anyone else, that's why it has grown to become attached to you.
Our cats are energetic and love to play! They can easily be amused by anything and most likely they have left scratch marks all over your tables and chairs! There’s a solution for that, it is to get and purchase the best cat toys for indoor cats to keep them entertained and saving your expensive furniture!
I find it kind of confusing that my older cat is actually scared of my kitten. Has this happened to anyone else? I don't know if to laugh about it or be really scared. :O
As I find homes for these kitties, I like to speak with the adopters about how they should continue to socialize them. It’s so important that kittens don’t develop fearfulness towards situations or people or even other animals. The prime socialization period for kittens is from three to nine weeks, but this work should continue to make them as well-rounded as possible. So don’t think that if they are 10 weeks or even six months, they can’t be socialized anymore. In fact, I have socialized older kittens with great success.
Sometime ago I recorded my cat singing. I think a record is coming out soon. Stay Meoowwww!!
I just saw this video about silly cats! If you have time today WATCH IT !!!
Check me out in this pic. I am adorable! Cant touch this ;)
This cat set the bar high :/
Read this informative post blog at another site. Might be helpful for some of you. :)
Saw this heartwarming video about a stray getting a home. Now I want to got and adopt one!
I found this family of cats. Where can I relocate them? I have Dogs :(
My kitten loves his new friend ( a stray ). Here they are both chilling :)


Stratigraphy Sequence
7-23 June, 2019
on view 24hr daily
Vitrine U-Kleistpark (U7), 10781 Berlin
STRATIGRAPHY SEQUENCE is a collaboration between Berlin project space A TRANS and members of Acceptable Risk Los Angeles as a part of B-LA Connect.
Featured Artists: Carly Chubak, Miranda Friedman, Yon Natalie Mik, Tu Nguyen, Joshua Oduga, Katie Shanks, Stephanie Sherwood.
\\What makes a city become a city?
// Layered Experiences. Concentrated Space.
\\ Each installation or performance is endeavoring to explore and distill down elements of experience—essentializing them—representing them within the confines of the A trans vitrine.
\\Where do they separate and where do they melt together?
// Artistic Construction.
\\ The artists are creating visual architectures to capture systems of classification then leaving the ephemera of those explorations in situ. Each one choosing whether to build on the foundations left by earlier artists or clear elements away to construct anew.
\\ Are these categorizations even still comprehensible?
// Compositional Archaeology.
\\ Stratigraphy Sequence asks viewers to navigate this spatial collage constructed through successively layered temporal deposits culminating in collaborative composition.
Event and Performance Schedule:
Friday, 07.06.19
16:00-17:00
Edible
Katie Shanks and Stephanie Sherwood
Soundtrack: Excerpts from Margaret Atwood’s novel The Edible Woman
Saturday, 08.06.19
10:30-10:45
Heat
Miranda J. Friedman
Sunday 09.06.19
10:30-11:30
(on) the road (again)
Carly Chubak
Monday, 10.06.19
Found Objects
Tu Nguyen
Tuesday, 11.06.19
14:00-17:00
Rite to Remain
Katie Shanks
Wednesday, 12.06.19
15:00-18:00
Caligo
Yon Natalie Mik
A TRANS is an itinerant conceptual laboratory headed by Isolde Nagel for creative people and a platform for communication about contemporary art, architecture, urbanism and related culture with the focus on the city, space and architecture based in Berlin, which found a set of like minded allies in the nomadic artist collective Acceptable Risk Los Angeles. Both explore the possibilities of and draw inspiration from their expansive urban environments and the diverse communities housed therein.


--- tags: - 基础算法-二分 grammar_cjkRuby: true catalog: true layout: post header-img: "img/header/P14.jpg" preview-img: "/img/preview/P14.jpg" ---
标签：二分
A gamefield is a strip of 1 × n squarecells. In some cells there are Packmen, in some cells — asterisks, othercells are empty.
Packmancan move to neighboring cell in 1 time unit.If there is an asterisk in the target cell then Packman eats it. Packmandoesn't spend any time to eat an asterisk.
In theinitial moment of time all Packmen begin to move. Each Packman can changedirection of its move unlimited number of times, but it is not allowed to gobeyond the boundaries of the game field. Packmen do not interfere with themovement of other packmen; in one cell there can be any number of packmenmoving in any directions.
Your taskis to determine minimum possible time after which Packmen can eat all theasterisks.
Input
The firstline contains a single integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 105) — the length of thegame field.
The secondline contains the description of the game field consisting of n symbols. If there issymbol '.' in position i — the cell i is empty. If there issymbol '*' in position i — in the cell i contains an asterisk.If there is symbol 'P' in position i — Packman is in thecell i.
It isguaranteed that on the game field there is at least one Packman and at leastone asterisk.
Output
Printminimum possible time after which Packmen can eat all asterisks.
Example
Input
7
*..P*P*
Output
3
Input
10
.**PP.*P.*
Output
2
Note
In thefirst example Packman in position 4 will moveto the left and will eat asterisk in position 1. He will spend 3 time unitson it. During the same 3 time unitsPackman in position 6 will eat both ofneighboring with it asterisks. For example, it can move to the left and eatasterisk in position 5 (in 1 time unit) and then move from theposition 5 to the right and eatasterisk in the position 7 (in 2time units). So in 3 time units Packmen will eat all asterisks on the gamefield.
In thesecond example Packman in the position 4 will moveto the left and after 2time unitswill eat asterisks in positions 3 and 2. Packmen in positions 5 and 8will move to the right and in 2 time units will eat asterisks in positions 7 and 10, respectively. So 2 time units is enough for Packmen to eat all asterisks onthe game field.
Code
#include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int maxn=100005; char s[maxn]; vector<int>a,b; inline int cal(int l,int x,int r) { inta=x-l,b=r-x; return2*min(a,b)+max(a,b); } int main() { intn,i,j,l,r,mid,ans,ll,rr; scanf("%d%s",&n,s); for(i=0;i<n;i++){ if(s[i]=='P')a.push_back(i); if(s[i]=='*')b.push_back(i); } for(l=0,r=2*n;l<=r;){ mid=l+r>>1; for(i=j=0;i<a.size();i++) for(ll=rr=a[i];j<b.size();j++) if(cal(min(ll,b[j]),a[i],max(rr,b[j]))>mid)break; else ll=min(ll,b[j]),rr=max(rr,b[j]); if(j<b.size())l=mid+1; elser=mid-1,ans=mid; } printf("%d",ans); return0; }


Dr Blanchard graduated from Nottingham Trent University in 2006 with a BSc (Hons) in Animal Science. He then went on to be a research technician for six years before completing a PhD in Computational Microbiology at the school of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences at Nottingham University in 2015. He then continued to hold a Post-doctoral research fellow post before being appointed as a lecturer in genetics at the School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences at Nottingham Trent University in 2018.
Dr Blanchard has since returned to the School of Veterinary Medicine and Science in 2019 as a Assistant Professor in Computational Biology and to course lead the MRes Apprenticeship in Bioinformatics.
Download my CV.
PhD in Veterinary Science, 2015
University of Nottingham
BSc in Animal Science, 2003
Nottingham Trent University
Responsibilities include:
Understanding inflammatory processes in ovine footrot to inform rational vaccine design


Fields and methods of the helma.Http class.
To use this optional module, its repository needs to be added to the application, for example by calling app.addRepository('modules/helma/Http.js')
To use this optional module, its repository needs to be added to the application, for example by calling app.addRepository('modules/helma/Http.js')
Creates a new instance of helma.Http
methods
- setProxy(proxyString)
- getProxy()
- setCredentials(username, password)
- setContent(stringOrObject)
- setMethod(m)
- setHeader(name, value)
- getHeader(name)
- setCookie(name, value)
- getCookie(name)
- setCookies(cookies)
- setTimeout(timeout)
- setReadTimeout(timeout)
- setFollowRedirects(value)
- setUserAgent(agent)
- setBinaryMode(mode)
- setMaxResponseSize(Size)
- setResponseHandler(Response)
- getUrl(url, opt)
- setProxy(proxyString)
- getProxy()
Creates a new instance of helma.Http.Cookie
parameters
| String | name | The name of the cookie |
| String | value | The value of the cookie |
methods
properties
- String name
- String value
- Date expires
- String path
- String domain
The name of the Cookie
The value of the Cookie
An optional date defining the lifetime of this cookie
An optional path where this cookie is valid
An optional domain where this cookie is valid
An instance of java.text.SimpleDateFormat used for both parsing
an "expires" string into a date and vice versa
A regular expression used for parsing cookie strings
Methods
Sets the proxy host and port for later use. The argument must
be in
host:port
format (eg. "proxy.example.com:3128").parameters
| String | proxyString | The proxy to use for this request |
see
Returns the proxy in
host:port
formatreturns
| The proxy defined for this request |
see
Sets the credentials for basic http authentication
parameters
| String | username | The username |
| String | password | The password |
Sets the content to send to the remote server within this request.
parameters
| String, Object | stringOrObject | The content of the request, which can be either a string or an object. In the latter case all properties and their values are concatenated into a single string. If a property is an array, then for each value the propertyname and value pair is added. If the name of an array property ends with "_array" then the _array part is removed. |
Sets the request method to use.
parameters
| String | m |
The method to use (GET , POST ...)
|
see
Returns the currently defined request method.
returns
| The method used |
see
Sets a single HTTP request header field
parameters
| String | name | The name of the header field |
| String | value | The value of the header field |
see
Returns the value of the request header field with the given name
parameters
| String | name | The name of the request header field |
returns
| The value of the request header field |
see
Adds a cookie with the name and value passed as arguments
to the list of cookies to send to the remote server.
parameters
| String | name | The name of the cookie |
| String | value | The value of the cookie |
see
Returns the value of the cookie with the given name
parameters
| String | name | The name of the cookie |
returns
| The value of the cookie |
see
Adds the cookies passed as argument to the list of cookies to send
to the remote server.
parameters
| Array | cookies | An array containing objects with the properties "name" (the name of the cookie) and "value" (the value of the cookie) set. |
Returns all cookies set for this client
returns
| An object containing all cookies, where the property name is the name of the cookie, and the value is the cookie value |
see
Sets the connection timeout to the amount of milliseconds
passed as argument
parameters
| Number | timeout | The connection timeout in milliseconds |
see
Sets the read timeout (the maximum time a request may take after
the connection has been successfully established) to the amount of
milliseconds passed as argument.
parameters
| Number | timeout | The read timeout in milliseconds |
see
Returns the connection timeout
returns
| The connection timeout in milliseconds |
see
Returns the read timeout (the maximum time a request may take after
the connection has been successfully established).
returns
| The read timeout in milliseconds |
see
Enables or disables following redirects
parameters
| Boolean | value | If false this client won't follow redirects (the default is to follow them) |
see
Returns true if the client follows redirects
returns
| True if the client follows redirects, false otherwise. |
see
Sets the HTTP "User-Agent" header field to the string passed as argument
parameters
| String | agent | The string to use as value of the "User-Agent" header field (defaults to "Helma Http Client") |
see
Returns the value of the HTTP "User-Agent" header field
returns
| The value of the field |
see
Switches content text encoding on or off. Depending on this
the content received from the remote server will be either a
string or a byte array.
parameters
| Boolean | mode | If true binary mode is activated |
see
Returns the currently defined binary mode of this client
returns
| The binary mode of this client |
see
Sets the max allowed size for the response stream
parameters
| Integer | Size | in Byte |
Returns the currently set max response size
returns
| The max responsesize |
see
Overloads the default response handler.
Use this do implement your own response handling, like storing the response directly to the harddisk
The handler function gets two parameter, first is the java.net.URLConnection and second is the result object.
Note that custom response handler functions should check the HTTP status code before reading
the response. The status code for successful requests is 200. Response bodies for requests with
status codes less than 400 can be read from the connection's input stream, while response bodies
with 4xx or 5xx status codes must be read using the error stream.
parameters
| function | Response | handler function |
Get the response handler. This is the function used to read the HTTP response body.
returns
| The response handler function |
Executes a http request
parameters
| String | url | The url to request |
| Date, String | opt | If this argument is a string, it is used as value for the "If-None-Match" request header field. If it is a Date instance it is used as "IfModifiedSince" condition for this request. |
returns
A result object containing the following properties:
|
Evaluates the url passed as argument.
parameters
| String | url | The url or uri string to evaluate |
returns
| If the argument is a valid url, this method returns a new instance of java.net.URL, otherwise it returns null. |
Sets the global http proxy setting. If no proxy definition
is passed to this method, any existing proxy setting is
cleared. Internally this method sets the system properties
http.proxySet
, http.proxyHost
and
http.proxyPort
. Keep in mind that this is valid for
the whole Java Virtual Machine, therefor using this method
can potentially influence other running Helma applications too!parameters
| String | proxyString |
A proxy definition in host:port
format (eg. "proxy.example.com:3128");
|
Returns the proxy setting of the Java Virtual Machine
the Helma application server is running in. If no
proxy is set, this method returns boolean false.
returns
The global proxy setting in host:port
format (eg. "proxy.example.com:3128"), or boolean false.
|
Static helper method to check if a request issued agains a
Helma application is authorized or not.
parameters
| String | name | The username to check req.username against |
| String | pwd | The password to check req.password against |
returns
| True if the request is authorized, false otherwise. In the latter case the current response is reset and the response code is set to "401" ("Authentication required"). |
Parses the cookie string passed as argument into an instance of helma.Http
parameters
| String | cookieStr | The cookie string as received from the remote server |
returns
| An instance of helma.Http.Cookie containing the cookie parameters |
Returns this cookie in a format useable to set the HTTP header field "Cookie"
returns
| This cookie formatted as HTTP header field value |


I’m A Celebrity viewers divided over Adele Roberts' luxury item
She took in a photo of actress Jane McDonald
by Rebecca CarterViewers of I'm A Celebrity are divided over Adele Roberts' luxury item - a photo of actress Jane McDonald - which she received during last night's show.
Kate Garraway, Nadine Coyle, Roman Kemp, Myles Stephenson and Adele competed in a late night challenge to try and win all the stars' luxury items.
The instructions read: "Your job is to get each item from the wheel onto the basket however you can only use the oars. You will win each luxury item that reaches the basket."
Read more: Ronan Kemp melts I'm A Celebrity viewers' hearts with tragic details about dad Martin's health
The stars had to pass each box - which contained the luxury item - down the row on their oars without dropping it into the swamp below.
However, they only managed to retrieve two of the boxes - Adele's picture of former Loose Women star Jane and Kate's concealer.
While many viewers found Adele's luxury item hilarious, others weren't happy that other campmates lost out on their items such as family photos.

Another wrote: "So Kate and Adele get their luxury items which was concealer and a photo of Jane McDonald and all the others didn’t and they were more important gifts? How useless."
A third added: "Nah Adele needs to get out of the jungle for that nonsense. While others had sentimental items she got her one which was a picture of a Loose Woman ffs."
Others defended Adele.
 She’s having a laugh to cheer the others up lmao yikes when did the UK get so boring."
Another tweeted: "Well, I thought Adele's luxury item was funny."
One laughed: "Am I the only one that finds it funny Adele got a picture of Jane McDonald? I’m creased by it."
Read more: I'm A Celebrity viewers in awe of Caitlyn Jenner as campmates take first jungle showers
I'm A Celebrity continues tonight on ITV at 9pm.
What did you think of Adele's luxury item? Leave us a comment on our Facebook page @EntertainmentDailyFix and let us know.


Miracle example
About
Contacts
Call me
RELEASE THE SNICKERS
Title
some description words here
Snickers
Bounty
Twix
One
Two
Three


The goal of this doc is to get you started on building Chrome Apps with the Sencha Ext JS framework. To achieve this goal, we will dive into a media player app built by Sencha. The source code and API Documentation are available on GitHub.
This app discovers a user's available media servers, including media devices connected to the pc and software that manages media over the network. Users can browse media, play over the network, or save offline.
Here are the key things you must do to build a media player app using Sencha Ext JS:
manifest.json
.background.js
.All Chrome Apps require a manifest file which contains the information Chrome needs to launch apps. As indicated in the manifest, the media player app is "offline_enabled"; media assets can be saved locally, accessed and played regardless of connectivity.
The "sandbox" field is used to sandbox the app's main logic in a unique origin. All sandboxed content is exempt from the Chrome App Content Security Policy, but cannot directly access the Chrome App APIs. The manifest also includes the "socket" permission; the media player app uses the socket API to connect to a media server over the network.
{ "name": "Video Player", "description": "Features network media discovery and playlist management", "version": "1.0.0", "manifest_version": 2, "offline_enabled": true, "app": { "background": { "scripts": [ "background.js" ] } }, ... "sandbox": { "pages": ["sandbox.html"] }, "permissions": [ "experimental", "http://*/*", "unlimitedStorage", { "socket": [ "tcp-connect", "udp-send-to", "udp-bind" ] } ] }
All Chrome Apps require background.js
to launch the application.
The media player's main page, index.html
,
opens in a window with the specified dimensions:
chrome.app.runtime.onLaunched.addListener(function(launchData) { var opt = { width: 1000, height: 700 }; chrome.app.window.create('index.html', opt, function (win) { win.launchData = launchData; }); });
Chrome Apps run in a controlled environment
that enforces a strict Content Security Policy (CSP).
The media player app needs some higher privileges to render the Ext JS components.
To comply with CSP and execute the app logic,
the app's main page, index.html
, creates an iframe
that acts as a sandbox environment:

The iframe points to sandbox.html which includes the files required for the Ext JS application:
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="resources/css/app.css" />' ' ' '
The app.js script executes all the Ext JS code and renders the media player views.
Since this script is sandboxed, it cannot directly access the Chrome App APIs.
Communication between app.js
and non-sandboxed files is done using the
HTML5 Post Message API.
In order for the media player app to access Chrome App APIs,
like query the network for media servers, app.js
posts messages
to index.js.
Unlike the sandboxed app.js
,
index.js
can directly access the Chrome App APIs.
index.js
creates the iframe:
var iframe = document.getElementById('sandbox-frame'); iframeWindow = iframe.contentWindow;
And listens for messages from the sandboxed files:
window.addEventListener('message', function(e) { var data= e.data, key = data.key; console.log('[index.js] Post Message received with key ' + key); switch (key) { case 'extension-baseurl': extensionBaseUrl(data); break; case 'upnp-discover': upnpDiscover(data); break; case 'upnp-browse': upnpBrowse(data); break; case 'play-media': playMedia(data); break; case 'download-media': downloadMedia(data); break; case 'cancel-download': cancelDownload(data); break; default: console.log('[index.js] unidentified key for Post Message: "' + key + '"'); } }, false);
In the following example,
app.js
sends a message to index.js
requesting the key 'extension-baseurl':
Ext.data.PostMessage.request({ key: 'extension-baseurl', success: function(data) { //... } });
index.js
receives the request, assigns the result,
and replies by sending the Base URL back:
function extensionBaseUrl(data) { data.result = chrome.extension.getURL('/'); iframeWindow.postMessage(data, '*'); }
There's a lot that goes into discovering media servers.
At a high level, the discovery workflow is initiated
by a user action to search for available media servers.
The MediaServer controller
posts a message to index.js
;
index.js
listens for this message and when received,
calls Upnp.js.
The Upnp library
uses the Chrome App
socket API
to connect the media player app with any discovered media servers
and receive media data from the media server.
Upnp.js
also uses
soapclient.js
to parse the media server data.
The remainder of this section describes this workflow in more detail.
When a user clicks the Media Servers button in the center of the media player app,
MediaServers.js
calls discoverServers()
.
This function first checks for any outstanding discovery requests,
and if true, aborts them so the new request can be initiated.
Next, the controller posts a message to index.js
with a key upnp-discovery, and two callback listeners:
me.activeDiscoverRequest = Ext.data.PostMessage.request({ key: 'upnp-discover', success: function(data) { var items = []; delete me.activeDiscoverRequest; if (serversGraph.isDestroyed) { return; } mainBtn.isLoading = false; mainBtn.removeCls('pop-in'); mainBtn.setIconCls('ico-server'); mainBtn.setText('Media Servers'); //add servers Ext.each(data, function(server) { var icon, urlBase = server.urlBase; if (urlBase) { if (urlBase.substr(urlBase.length-1, 1) === '/'){ urlBase = urlBase.substr(0, urlBase.length-1); } } if (server.icons && server.icons.length) { if (server.icons[1]) { icon = server.icons[1].url; } else { icon = server.icons[0].url; } icon = urlBase + icon; } items.push({ itemId: server.id, text: server.friendlyName, icon: icon, data: server }); }); ... }, failure: function() { delete me.activeDiscoverRequest; if (serversGraph.isDestroyed) { return; } mainBtn.isLoading = false; mainBtn.removeCls('pop-in'); mainBtn.setIconCls('ico-error'); mainBtn.setText('Error...click to retry'); } });
index.js
listens
for the 'upnp-discover' message from app.js
and responds by calling upnpDiscover()
.
When a media server is discovered,
index.js
extracts the media server domain from the parameters,
saves the server locally, formats the media server data,
and pushes the data to the MediaServer
controller.
When Upnp.js
discovers a new media server,
it then retrieves a description of the device
and sends a Soaprequest to browse and parse the media server data;
soapclient.js
parses the media elements by tag name
into a document.
Upnp.js
connects to discovered media servers
and receives media data using the Chrome App socket API:
socket.create("udp", {}, function(info) { var socketId = info.socketId; //bind locally socket.bind(socketId, "<IP_ADDRESS>", 0, function(info) { //pack upnp message var message = String.toBuffer(UPNP_MESSAGE); //broadcast to upnp socket.sendTo(socketId, message, UPNP_ADDRESS, UPNP_PORT, function(info) { // Wait 1 second setTimeout(function() { //receive socket.recvFrom(socketId, function(info) { //unpack message var data = String.fromBuffer(info.data), servers = [], locationReg = /^location:/i; //extract location info if (data) { data = data.split("\r\n"); data.forEach(function(value) { if (locationReg.test(value)){ servers.push(value.replace(locationReg, "").trim()); } }); } //success callback(servers); }); }, 1000); }); }); });
The
MediaExplorer controller
lists all the media files inside a media server folder
and is responsible for updating the breadcrumb navigation
in the media player app window.
When a user selects a media file,
the controller posts a message to index.js
with the 'play-media' key:
onFileDblClick: function(explorer, record) { var serverPanel, node, type = record.get('type'), url = record.get('url'), name = record.get('name'), serverId= record.get('serverId'); if (type === 'audio' || type === 'video') { Ext.data.PostMessage.request({ key : 'play-media', params : { url: url, name: name, type: type } }); } },
index.js
listens for this post message and
responds by calling playMedia()
:
function playMedia(data) { var type = data.params.type, url = data.params.url, playerCt = document.getElementById('player-ct'), audioBody = document.getElementById('audio-body'), videoBody = document.getElementById('video-body'), mediaEl = playerCt.getElementsByTagName(type)[0], mediaBody = type === 'video' ? videoBody : audioBody, isLocal = false; //save data filePlaying = { url : url, type: type, name: data.params.name }; //hide body els audioBody.style.display = 'none'; videoBody.style.display = 'none'; var animEnd = function(e) { //show body el mediaBody.style.display = ''; //play media mediaEl.play(); //clear listeners playerCt.removeEventListener( 'transitionend', animEnd, false ); animEnd = null; }; //load media mediaEl.src = url; mediaEl.load(); //animate in player playerCt.addEventListener( 'transitionend', animEnd, false ); playerCt.style.transform = "translateY(0)"; //reply postmessage data.result = true; sendMessage(data); }
Most of the hard work to save media offline is done by the filer.js library. You can read more this library in Introducing filer.js.
The process kicks off when a user selects one or more files
and initiates the 'Take offline' action.
The
MediaExplorer controller posts a message to index.js
with a key 'download-media'; index.js
listens for this message
and calls the downloadMedia()
function
to initiate the download process:
function downloadMedia(data) { DownloadProcess.run(data.params.files, function() { data.result = true; sendMessage(data); }); }
The DownloadProcess
utility method creates an xhr request
to get data from the media server and waits for completion status.
This initiates the onload callback which checks the received content
and saves the data locally using the filer.js
function:
filer.write( saveUrl, { data: Util.arrayBufferToBlob(fileArrayBuf), type: contentType }, function(fileEntry, fileWriter) { console.log('file saved!'); //increment downloaded me.completedFiles++; //if reached the end, finalize the process if (me.completedFiles === me.totalFiles) { sendMessage({ key : 'download-progresss', totalFiles : me.totalFiles, completedFiles : me.completedFiles }); me.completedFiles = me.totalFiles = me.percentage = me.downloadedFiles = 0; delete me.percentages; //reload local loadLocalFiles(callback); } }, function(e) { console.log(e); } );
When the download process is finished,
MediaExplorer
updates the media file list and the media player tree panel.


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|
Jala 1.3 | ||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
Object | +--jala.BitTorrent
This class provides methods to create a BitTorrent
metadata file from any desired file.
Defined in BitTorrent.js
| Constructor Summary | |
jala.BitTorrent
(<String> filePath, <String> trackerUrl)
Constructs a new BitTorrent file. |
| Method Summary | |
Object
|
get(<String> name)
Get a torrent property. |
Date
|
getCreationDate()
Get the creation date of the torrent. |
Number
|
getPieceLength()
Get the piece length of the torrent. |
helma.File
|
getSourceFile()
Returns the underlying source file. |
helma.File
|
getTorrentFile()
Returns the underlying torrent file. |
Array
|
keys()
Get all available property names. |
void
|
save(<String> filename)
Saves the torrent as file. |
void
|
set(<String> name, <Object> value)
Set a torrent property. |
void
|
setCreationDate(<Date> date)
Set the creation date of the torrent. |
void
|
setPieceLength(<Number> length)
Set the piece length of the torrent. |
String
|
toString()
Get a string representation of the torrent. |
<static> Object
|
bdecode(<String> code)
The bdecode method. |
<static> String
|
bencode(<Object> obj)
The bencode method. |
| Constructor Detail |
jala.BitTorrent(<String> filePath, <String> trackerUrl)
filePath
- The path to the original file.
trackerUrl
- The URL string of the tracker.
| Method Detail |
Object get(<String> name)
name
- The name of the property.
Date getCreationDate()
Number getPieceLength()
helma.File getSourceFile()
helma.File getTorrentFile()
Array keys()
void save(<String> filename)
filename
- An optional name for the torrent file. If no name is given it will be composed from name of source file as defined in the torrent plus the ending ".torrent".
void set(<String> name, <Object> value)
name
- The name of the property.
value
- The property's value.
void setCreationDate(<Date> date)
date
- The desired creation date.
void setPieceLength(<Number> length)
length
- The desired piece length.
String toString()
<static> Object bdecode(<String> code)
code
- The encoded string.
<static> String bencode(<Object> obj)
obj
- The target JavaScript object.
|
Jala 1.3 | ||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


- Get a quarter-inch, a DI, and an XLR.
- Make sure that your guitar batteries are FRESH and your tuner is OFF.
- Connect your guitar's pickup* to your DI with the quarter-inch cable.
- Use the XLR to plug the DI into channel 14 (or 2).
*If your guitar doesn't have a pickup, you'll have to use an instrument mic instead of a DI.


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Subbrute - A DNS meta-query spider that enumerates DNS records, and subdomains.
dnscan - a python wordlist-based DNS subdomain scanner.
Nmap - Yes it's a port scanner, but it can bruteforce subdomains too (check nmap scripts)
Recon-Ng - The recon-ng framework has a brute_hosts module that allows to bruteforce subdomains.
DNSRecon - A powerful DNS enumeration script
Fierce - A semi-lightweight enumeration scanner
Gobuster - Alternative directory and file busting tool written in Go
DNSenum - Offers recursive and threaded subdomain enumeration.
AltDNS - offers bruteforcing based on permutations of already found domains
jhaddix/Domain - enumall.py uses recon-ng, alt-dns web scraping, netcraft, and brute to find subdomains
Knock - Python tool brute subdomains through wordlist. DNS zone transfer and bypass wildcard
See lists in OSINT > DNS
Being smart
You also have to look at what kind of system the target has. Some web-apps give their clients their own subdomains. Like github.
Check out the homepage Often companies brag about their clients. You can use this to guess the subdomains of some clients.


This test assesses your programming skills in various topics and will display your personal competency matrix once completed. This only takes a few minutes and will highlight which topics you can improve.
This test uses HTML5 local storage feature so you will not lose your progression, even on page refresh.
Your average level: /3
You should work on the stuff in red.Data mostly from sijinjoseph.com/programmer-competency-matrix, thanks!
Source code available there.