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user-homedir-pathname
&optional host ⇒ pathname
host—a string, a list of strings, or :unspecific.
pathname—a pathname, or nil.
user-homedir-pathname determines the pathname that corresponds to the user’s home directory on host. If host is not supplied, its value is implementation-dependent.
For a description of :unspecific, see Pathname Components.
The definition of home directory is implementation-dependent, but defined in Common Lisp to mean the directory where the user keeps personal files such as initialization files and mail.
user-homedir-pathname returns a pathname without any name, type, or version component (those components are all nil) for the user’s home directory on host.
If it is impossible to determine the user’s home directory on host, then nil is returned. user-homedir-pathname never returns nil if host is not supplied.
(pathnamep (user-homedir-pathname)) ⇒ true
The host computer’s file system, and the implementation.


Yorick Function Reference
Generating Simple Meshes
Many Yorick calculations begin by defining an array of x values
which will be used as the argument to functions of a single variable. The
easiest way to do this is with the span or spanl function:
x = span(x_min, x_max, 200);
This gives 200 points equally spaced from x_min to x_max.
A two dimensional rectangular grid is most easily obtained as follows:
x = span(x_min, x_max, 50)(, -:1:40);
y = span(y_min, y_max, 40)(-:1:50, );
This gives a 50-by-40 rectangular grid with x varying fastest.
Such a grid is appropriate for exploring the behavior of a function of
two variables. Higher dimensional meshes can be built in this way, too.
|


| Home | Libraries | People | FAQ | More |
template<
typename Strategy
> bounded_channel( scheduler< Strategy
> &
sched,
std::size_t wm)
template<
typename Strategy
> bounded_channel( scheduler< Strategy
> &
sched,
std::size_t wm)
void deactivate()
bool empty()
void put( T const& t)
bool take( boost::optional< T > & va)
bool try_take( boost::optional< T > & va)
#include <boost/fiber/bounded_channel.hpp> template< typename T > class bounded_channel : private noncopyable { public: template< typename Strategy > bounded_channel( scheduler< Strategy > & sched, std::size_t wm); template< typename Strategy > bounded_channel( scheduler< Strategy > & sched, std::size_t hwm, std::size_t lwm); void deactivate(); bool empty(); void put( T const& t); bool take( boost::optional< T > & va); bool try_take( boost::optional< T > & va); };
Constructs an object of class bounded_channel
which will contain a maximum of wm
items.
Nothing.
Constructs an object of class bounded_channel
which will contain a maximum of wm
items.
Nothing.
Deactivates the fifo. No values can be put after calling this->deactivate
. Fibers blocked in
this->take()
will be return.
Nothing.
Returns true
if the
fifo currently contains no data.
Nothing.
Enqueues the value in the fifo and wakes up a fiber waiting for new data available from the fifo. If the watermark has reached the fiber putting the value will be supended until at least one item was dequeued.
Nothing.
Dequeues a value from the fifo. If no data is available from the
fifo the fiber gets suspended until new data are enqueued (return
value true
and va contains
dequeued value) or the fifo gets deactiveted and the function returns
false
.
Nothing.
Dequeues a value from the fifo. If no data is available from the
fifo the function returns false
.
Otherwise it returns true
and va
contains the
dequed value.
Nothing.


My research has been funded by federal agencies and
Emory University. Listed below are several grants
that have contributed to my methodological research
efforts.
Method Development of Agreement
Measures and Applications in Mental Health
Funded by: National
Institutes of Health (NIMH), R01
PIs: Ying
Guo/A.K. Manatunga/Limin
Peng
Funding Period: 09/01/2013-08/3/2018
This proposal aims to develop new statistical methods to investigate the alignment between traditional behavior/clinical outcomes and neuroimaging biomarkers and also to assess agreement and calibrate images from multi-center neuroimaging studies.
Statistical methods for group independent component
analysis for multi-subject functional magnetic resonance
imaging data
Funded by: Emory
University Research Committee/ACTSI
PI: Ying Guo
Funding Period: 06/30/2009-06/30/2010
The objective of this grant is to develop new statistical methods for group independent component analysis (ICA) to estimate subject-specific spatial source signals and to establish formal statistical testing framework for between-group comparisons in spatial domain.
Funded
by: National Institutes of
Health (NIMH), R01
Role: Co-Investigator (PI: F. DuBois Bowman)
Funding Period: 10/01/12-09/30/15
This project is funded as a part of the NINDS Parkinson's
Disease Biomarker Program. We are pursuing two avenues that
may reveal early-stage PD biomarkers. First, we are
combining datasets from different imaging modalities
[including neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI)
of the locus coeruleus and the substantia nigra, chemical
shift imaging (CSI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and
resting-state functional MRI], cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
analytes, genotype information, and numerous clinical
variables and developing new statistical methods to identify
multimodal PD biomarkers from these massive datasets.
Secondly, we will consider a Kaiser Permanente clinical
database with nearly 250,000 subscribers in Georgia and
attempt to determine prior diagnoses, lab results, and
medication histories that are risk factors for the
subsequent development of PD.
Analytic
Methods
for Functional Neuroimaging Data
Funded by: National
Institutes of Health (NIMH), R01
Role: Co-Investigator (PI: F. DuBois Bowman)
Funding Period: 7/15/2007-6/30/2011
The purpose of this grant is to develop novel statistical
methods for 1) predicting patterns of distributed neural
processing following a treatment intervention, 2) determing
the likelihood of response to treatment on an individual
basis, using neural processing information, and 3)
developing an improved spatio-temporal modeling framework
for analyzing functional neuroimaging data to identify
prominent functional connections in brain activity and to
identify task-related increases (decreases) in brain
activity.
Method Development of Agreement Measures and
Applications in Mental Health
Funded by: National
Institutes of Health (NIMH), R01
Role: Co-PI (PI: A.K. Manatunga)
Funding Period: 04/01/2008-03/31/2012
This
proposal is designed to improve analytic methods for
mental health research by developing new methodology,
incorporating existing methodology and by targeting this
effort toward important scientific mental health studies. These developments will directly
benefit mental health research, but they are ubiquitous
enough to be generally useful contributions to statistical
practice.


This catalog includes workflows based on the following criteria:
The workflow is contained in a public Github repository.
The repository has a readme, containing the words "snakemake" and "workflow" (case insensitive).
The repository contains a workflow definition named either Snakefile or
workflow/Snakefile.
If the repository contains a folder rules or workflow/rules that folder must
at least contain one file ending on .smk.
The repository is small enough to be cloned into a Github actions job (very large files should be
handled via Git LFS, so that they can be stripped out during cloning).


[§551A-9] Contracts. The public guardian may make and enter into contracts, and generally do all such things as in its judgment may be necessary, proper, and expedient in accomplishing its duties. [L 1984, c 223, pt of §1]


EPL: Tottenham New Boss Mourinho Tackles Chelsea, Others
by Emmanuel EgobiambuTottenham boss Jose Mourinho has said the clubs he coached including Chelsea, and Real Madrid did not have structures to develop young talents.
Concise News understands that Mourinho was on Wednesday named as the new coach of Tottenham after the club sacked Mauricio Pochettino.
Mourinho has been known for not developing young players and going for already-established stars.
The Portuguese, has, however, dismissed the notion saying the clubs he coached in the past, unlike Tottenham, do not have strong youth systems.
“I really like this squad and looking to the young players – there is not one manager in the world that doesn’t like to play young players and to help young players to develop – not one,” Mourinho told Tottenham’s website.
“The problem is that sometimes you get into clubs where the work that is below you is not good enough to produce these players, so I look to our history and you see that the academy is always giving the talents that the first team need.
“Of course, I look forward to [working] with that profile. To play against Tottenham at White Hart Lane was always hard but beautiful.
“It was one of these places where I used to go with passion but also with respect. I always [spoke] about the club’s potential.
“I always [spoke] about the qualities of the players. I always [spoke about] the magnificent work the club was doing.”


Clipjump
A Magical Clipboard Manager
version 9.7.2
Online Manual
A Multiple-Clipboard management utility for Windows.
Allows you to simultaneously use multiple clipboards like never before.
Everything that is transferred to your clipboard will get automatically transferred to the Multiple-Clipboards.
It's fast , it's easy, it's magic.
Features
- A True Clipboard Manager - Captures everything
- Supports preview of Clipboard stored images such as Print-screen captures.
- Data-Types are meaningless for Clipjump.It just stores everything.
- Control Clipboards only by the single Ctrl+V (which is also configurable).
- Not Mandatory to perform Copy and Cut operations using Ctrl+C and Ctrl+X. Even an application's Copy and Cut will be transferred to Clipjump.
- Clipjump History Tool - View, search and restore old clipboard items.
- FIX Clipboards at certain positions via FIXATE option.(See FIXATE - A Coders Delight)
- Add selective data to System clipboard if needed.
- Clipjump Channels - Have as many as multiple Clipboard channels in
Clipjump that store data independent of each other.
- Can have as much simultaneous clipboards as possible. (Depends on disk space).
- Control Clipjump totally from external program(s) via Clipjump Controller
- Very fast Clipboard switching.
- Action Mode - One place to execute all other components of Clipjump. Keeps you away from the trouble of learning many shortcuts.
- Export and share clipboards with friends.
- File Manager Functions (including Windows Explorer)
- Copy current folder path to Clipboard
- Copy selected files path(s) to Clipboard in any file manager (Ctrl+Alt+C)
- Copy selected file content directly to Clipboard from image and text containing files (Ctrl+Alt+F)
- Idiot-Proof! - Captures Clipboard entries from everywhere, whether it be an external program or Print-screen captures.
- No-Formatting - Remove formatting from clipboard clips on the fly
- Unicode - Supports all characters
- Incognito Mode - Disable History when needed
- Easily and totally Configurable - You can change settings via a GUI.
- Not touches the registry and System drive
- Free, Portable, Open Source
Translate


1 Samuel 26:18
And he said, Wherefore doth my lord thus pursue after his servant? for what have I done? or what evil is in mine hand?


work
Experience
Ace CPR, Web Developer, San Diego, CA
I was responsible for the design and development of Ace CPR’s web application for accepting electronic payments and scheduling appointments. I designed for responsiveness, and incorporated components from Google’s Material Design. An admin interface was provided to give my clients control of their scheduling and page content.
Jul 2015 - Sep 2015; Mar 2016 - Dec 2016
Freelance, Tutor, San Diego, CA
Served as a one-on-one tutor for various high school students. Academic subjects included Computer Literacy, World History, and English.
Sep 2013 - Jun 2014
CSUSM, Research Assistant, San Marcos, CA
Assisted in studies of psychological capital and how it affects positive team outcomes. Results were compiled for statistical analysis and submitted for peer review.
Jun 2011 - Jun 2012
work
Experience
Ace CPR, Web Developer, San Diego, CA
I was responsible for the design and development of Ace CPR’s web application for accepting electronic payments and scheduling appointments. I designed for responsiveness, and incorporated components from Google’s Material Design. An admin interface was provided to give my clients control of their scheduling and page content.
Jul 2015 - Sep 2015; Mar 2016 - Dec 2016
Freelance, Tutor, San Diego, CA
Served as a one-on-one tutor for various high school students. Academic subjects included Computer Literacy, World History, and English.
Sep 2013 - Jun 2014
CSUSM, Research Assistant, San Marcos, CA
Assisted in studies of psychological capital and how it affects positive team outcomes. Results were compiled for statistical analysis and submitted for peer review.
Jun 2011 - Jun 2012


The Biomedical Technology Student Association (BTSA) is the largest biotechnology club at San Diego State University. With informative guest speakers, tours of local industry, and a strong alumni network the BTSA provides a unique opportunity for students at SDSU.
The composition of our club is comprised of both undergraduate and graduate students, and members majoring in biology, chemistry, engineering, business, computer science, bioinformatics and more!
The SDSU BTSA is open to anyone with an interested in biotechnology.
Meetings for the {{clubSettings.meetinginfo.semester}} semester are held every {{clubSettings.meetinginfo.time}}, in {{clubSettings.meetinginfo.location}}. All majors are invited to join the club. If you can not make the meeting time above, you can still become a member which allows access to awesome company tours and networking events.
The BTSA provides a great way to learn about availible internships, network with employers, and discover career opportunities in exciting fields you may not have previously considered. The BTSA club has organized trips to visit industry leading companies including Illumina, JCVI, Eli Lilly and CareFusion.


Chelsea defender Fikayo Tomori never had doubts over "crazy journey" with England
Chelsea defender Tomori made his senior England debut in the Euro 2020 qualifying win over Kosovo, completing what he has declared a "crazy journey"
by Andy Dunn, https://www.mirror.co.uk/authors/andy-dunn/Fikayo Tomori insist there was never any doubt about his allegiance to England.
Tomori’s late cameo in Kosovo ended any faint Nigerian hopes of persuading the Chelsea defender to commit his international future to them.
“Once I got the call from England last month it was pretty much finalised, it was just about making my cap,” said Tomori.
“People still talked about the fact I hadn’t played and could still switch but it never really crossed my mind.
 To get into the squad was one thing but then your debut is another thing so obviously it was a very proud moment for me.”
Tomori’s appearance means that nine out of the last 21 England debutants have been with the Chelsea academy at some stage.
He said: “I’m not too sure what we’re doing, we just want to play football.
"We enjoy playing football for the club, we want to keep on improving and obviously the manager’s given us a chance to show ourselves in the Champions League and Premier League.”
Frank Lampard has certainly given Tomori a chance, having taken him and Mason Mount on loan when in charge of Derby.
That was at the start of last season and barely a year later, Tomori and Mount were sharing a pitch for England.
“It’s pretty mad,” laughed the Chelsea defender. “If you told me 12 months ago that I’d make my England debut, I’d probably have looked at you funny because it just seemed so far away
“I think if you asked Mason the same question, I think he’d have been a bit, not weirded out, but a bit confused.
“Obviously he got called up last year but the fact he’s played now and scored a goal, whereas 12 months ago he was in the Championship – it’s a crazy journey.”


WITNESS LIST Business & Commerce Committee May 8, 2003 - 9:00A HB 730 FOR: Bowling, Bobby (Texas Association of Builders), El Paso, TX Bush, Robert (Texas Assoc. of Builders and Home Buyers Warranty Corp.), Arlington, TX Krugh, John (Perry Homes and Texas Association of Builders), Houston, TX Maykus, Kosse (Texas Association of Builders and Maykus Custom Homes), Southlake, TX Moore, Michael (Self), San Antonio, TX AGAINST: Cobarruvias, John (Homeowners Against Deficient Dwellings), Houston, TX James, Reggie (Consumers Union), Austin, TX Kincaid, Mark (Self), Austin, TX Lemon, Brent (Self), Dallas, TX Stark, Anne (Self), Dallas, TX Turner, Cheryl (Self), Dallas, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Erben, Andy (KB Home), Austin, TX Stout, Bob (The Woodlands Operating Co. L.P.), The Woodlands, TX Against: Eberwine, Mark (Consumers), San Antonio, TX Killian, James (Farmers Insurance Group), Round Rock, TX Providing written testimony: Against: Buck, Fred (Self), San Antonio, TX HB 849 FOR: Cernosek, Larry (Texas Towing and Storage Association), Pasadena, TX Rash, Jeanette (Texas Towing and Storage and Zone One Auto), Houston, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Roper, Angela (Texas Towing and Storage Association), Anna, TX HB 941 Registering, but not testifying: For: McKinney, Mike (Wholesale Beer Distributors of Texas), Austin, TX Yarbrough, Randy (Wholesale Beer Distributors of Texas), Austin, TX HB 1165 Registering, but not testifying: On: Flores, Carmen (Texas Secretary of State), Austin, TX HB 2926 Registering, but not testifying: On: Johnston, Dennis (Texas Parks and Wildlife), Austin, TX SB 292 Registering, but not testifying: On: Joyner, Guy (Office of the Secretary of State), Austin, TX SB 675 FOR: Evans, Richard (Texas Association of Business), Austin, TX Latson, Jack (Texas Association of Business), Austin, TX AGAINST: Choate, Guy (Self), San Angelo, TX Hinojosa, Walter (Texas AFL-CIO), Austin, TX Littles, Paula (Paper, Allied-Industrial Chemical and Energy Workers), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Allday, Marty (Enbridge Energy/Copano Energy), Houston, TX Chatron, Michael (AGC Texas Building Branch), Austin, TX Gilbert, Robert (Bo) (Independent Insurance Agents of Texas), Austin, TX Nelson, Steve (Associated General Contractors - TX Bldg. Branch), Austin, TX Risk, Raymond (Texas Construction Association), Austin, TX Sebree, Ben (Texas Oil & Gas Association), Austin, TX Sickels, Linda (Trinity Ind. Inc.), Austin, TX Against: Levy, Rick (TX AFL-CIO), Austin, TX Tilley, Danny (Texas Building Trades), Austin, TX SB 1651 ON: Whittington, Pam (Public Utility Commission of Texas), Austin, TX SB 1944 FOR: Cunningham, Jr., John (Temple Economic Development Corp.), Temple, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Carroll, Jimmy (Scott & White), Temple, TX Kowalski, Tom (Texas Healthcare and Bioscience Institute), Austin, TX Pope, Clay (City of Temple), Austin, TX Ruggiano, Larry (Self), Temple, TX Williams, Wendell (Self), Temple, TX


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| CustomOnItemClick |
Created by kio22 on 2018-04-07.
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AppCache |
AppCache class
Stores information used in case device drops connection.
|
| AppColors |
Created by kio22 on 2018-04-07.
|
| Bid |
Represents a bid object in the app
|
| BidActivityIntentTest |
Created by Colin on 2018-03-19.
|
| BidTest |
Created by Jeremy
|
| BuildConfig | |
| currentUser |
currentUser
Singleton object to hold the currently logged
in user.
|
| ElasticSearchControllerTest |
Unit tests for ES controller
|
| EmailAddress |
EmailAddress
Represents a email object in the app
|
| EmailAddressTest |
Created by andyl on 2/23/2018.
|
| ExampleInstrumentedTest |
Instrumented test, which will execute on an Android device.
|
| ExpandableBidListAdapter |
Created by myapplestory on 3/18/2018.
|
| IntentAcceptBidTest | |
| MainActivityIntentTest |
Created by Micheal-Nguyen on 2018-03-18.
|
| Notification |
Notification object containing info to be sent to another user
|
| NotificationManager |
NotificationManager
Singleton object that deals with notifications of the current user.
|
| NotificationManager.pollNotifications | |
| PersonalColors |
Created by wyatt on 08/04/18.
|
| PhoneNumber |
PhoneNumber
phone number class to handle phone number types
|
| PhoneNumberTest | |
| Photo |
Represents a photo object in the app
|
| PhotoTest |
Created by Colin on 2018-02-23.
|
| R | |
| R.anim | |
| R.animator | |
| R.array | |
| R.attr | |
| R.bool | |
| R.color | |
| R.dimen | |
| R.drawable | |
| R.font | |
| R.id | |
| R.integer | |
| R.layout | |
| R.menu | |
| R.mipmap | |
| R.string | |
| R.style | |
| R.styleable | |
| RecyclerViewAdapter |
Created by kio22 on 2018-04-06.
|
| RecyclerViewAdapter.ViewHolder |
on item in recycler view clicked, get position in the adapter
|
| RequestManagerTest |
Created by praharen on 2018-02-23.
|
| Review |
Represents a review object in the app
|
| ReviewCustomAdapter |
Custom list view adapter for displaying reviews
shows review title, rating, and description
|
| ReviewTest |
Created by Colin on 2018-02-23.
|
| SearchActivityIntentTest |
Created by Colin on 2018-03-19.
|
| Task |
Task
Represents a task object in the app
|
| TaskCustomAdapter |
Custom listView adapter for displaying tasks
Shows the task title, requester, status, and lowest bid (if any)
|
| TaskCustomAdapter2 |
Custom listView adapter for displaying tasks
Shows the task title, requester, status, and lowest bid (if any)
|
| TaskStatus |
Created by wyatt on 22/02/18.
|
| TaskTest |
TaskTest
unit test for Task class
Created by wyatt on 23/02/18.
|
| User |
Represents a user object in the app
|
| UserProfileIntentTest |
Created by Jeremy on 2018-02-23.
|
| UserTaskActivityIntentTest |
Created by Micheal-Nguyen on 2018-03-18.
|
| UserTest |
Created by James on 2/23/2018.
|


#social-media
No! It was my pleasure! Great to see the enthusiasm out there.
Events starting in 15 minutes:
Team status meeting
Today from 1:00PM to 1:30PM
Quick note: today @lisa will join our team sync to provide updates on the launch, if you have questions, bring 'em. See you all later...er, in 2 minutes.
Meeting notes from our sync with@lisa.
Post


class: title-slide, center, bottom # K-Means Clustering in R ## RStudio Instructor Certification Teaching Exam ### Uli Niemann ### 2020/08/21 #### [https://github.com/unmnn/sample-lesson-kmeans/](https://github.com/unmnn/sample-lesson-kmeans/) .courtesy[📷 Photo courtesy of Ulrich Arendt] ??? Today, we will learn about unsupervised learning. --- ## Recap: Supervised Learning **General idea**: train a model which estimates the value of the response based on the values of the predictors. `$$\hat{Y}=f(\mathbf{X})$$`  ??? As a quick recap, so far in this course, we have exclusively discussed supervised models. The general idea of supervised learning is to train a function f which estimates the value of the response Y based on the values of the predictors X. An example is predicting the sale price of a house based on the size of its living area. Here, house price is the response, living area is the sole predictor and the blue regression line is our model. Usually, we have more than just 1 predictor, e.g., number of rooms or crime rate of the town. To create this regression line or any supervised model, we need observations for which we know the true value of the response. Once the model is trained, we can use it to predict the response values for observation for which we don't know the true value of the response. We can also use these true values to evaluate how well the predictions of our model are. For example, the red dashed lines represent the so called residuals, the differences between the predicted and true values of the response. We can use the residuals to estimate the generalization error of the model. --- ## Unsupervised Learning **Goal**: look for interesting patterns in the data without having a response  .footnote[Photos: left: [Lucrezia Carnelos](https://unsplash.com/photos/wQ9VuP_Njr4); center: [National Cancer Institute](https://unsplash.com/photos/sIqWYiNLiJU); right: [Agence Olloweb](https://unsplash.com/photos/qfp4-Ud6Fyg)] ??? Now, for many tasks, we don't have a response, but we are still interested in finding patterns or structure in the data. This scenario is known as unsupervised learning. A company might want to increase the response rate of their marketing campaigns. They are interested in finding customer subgroups with similar demographics and preferences. The company can fit their ads to the characteristics and preferences of each respective subgroup. For example, ads for vegan products might work better in bigger cities in comparison to rural areas and focus their marketing budget to this customer subgroup. Another example would be finding subtypes/phenotypes of disease like breast cancer, e.g. using gene expression measurements. Or a company that runs a webshop might want to discover typical usage patterns on their website. Maybe they identify 2 distinct types of webshop users. They could use insights on this analysis to improve UI, maybe provide user-type personalized offers and thus, increase conversion rate. -- .pull-left70[ **Clustering**: methods to find homogeneous subgroups in a dataset Properties of a good clustering results: - objects within a cluster are as **similar** as possible - objects from different clusters are as **dissimilar** as possible ] .pull-right30[ → require: **similarity measure** ] ??? These three scenarios are examples of data clustering. Clustering refers to a set of methods to find homogeneous subgroups in a dataset. A good clustering result groups similar objects into the same cluster and dissimilar objects into different clusters. To determine which objects are similar and which are not similar, we need a similarity or distance measure. --- ## K-Means Clustering .pull-left60[ **General idea**: partition the observations into a pre-specified number of subgroups (clusters) **Centroid**: mean vector of a cluster's observations **Objective**: minimize total intra-cluster variation `$$\min_{C_1,C_2,\ldots,C_K}\left\{ \sum_{k} W(C_k) \right\}$$` Squared **Euclidean distance** is often used to measure the **within-cluster variation** `\(W\)` of a cluster `\(C_k\)`: `$$W(C_k)=\sum_{i\in C_k}\sum_j^p(x_{ij}-\bar{x}_{kj})^2$$` where - `\(i\)` is the index of an observation assigned to `\(C_k\)` - `\(\bar{x}_k\)` is the centroid of `\(C_k\)` ] .pull-right40[  ] ??? K-Means is probably the most popular clustering algorithm, this is why we learn it first. The general idea is to partition the observations of our dataset into a pre-specified number of subgroups, the clusters. Each cluster is represented by a so called centroid, which is the average of the coordinates of the observations assigned to the cluster. Now we want to find a set of clusters such that our objective function, the total intra-cluster variation W, is minimal. What is intra-cluster variation? The intra-cluster variation of a cluster is the sum of squared distances between the observations in the cluster and their centroid. --- ## K-Means Algorithm ```markdown 1. Select K initial centroids. 2. Repeat until the cluster assignments do not change anymore: a. Assign each observation to the closest centroid. b. Recompute the positions of all centroids. ``` ??? Okay, but how does the algorithm actually work? First, we select K initial centroids. Usually, we take the coordinates of randomly drawn observations from our data. Then, we run this iterative step until the cluster assignments do not change anymore. We assign each observations to the closest centroid and recompute the positions of every centroid. --- class: middle ## Example: K=3 ```markdown 1. Select K initial centroids. 2. Repeat until the cluster assignments do not change anymore: a. Assign each observation to the closest centroid. b. Recompute the positions of all centroids. ```  ??? As a practical example, let's apply K-Means with 3 clusters to this 2d dataset. --- class: middle ```markdown *1. Select K initial centroids. 2. Repeat until the cluster assignments do not change anymore: a. Assign each observation to the closest centroid. b. Recompute the positions of all centroids. ```  ??? First, we pick 3 random observations from the data as our inital centroids (diamonds). --- class: middle ```markdown 1. Select K initial centroids. 2. Repeat until the cluster assignments do not change anymore: * a. Assign each observation to the closest centroid. b. Recompute the positions of all centroids. ```  ??? Then, we assign each observation to the closest centroid. Similarity is measured by Euclidean distance. We can see that each point is colored according to its closest centroid. --- class: middle ```markdown 1. Select K initial centroids. 2. Repeat until the cluster assignments do not change anymore: a. Assign each observation to the closest centroid. * b. Recompute the positions of all centroids. ```  ??? Now, we recompute the positions of each centroid. The centroid is the mean vector over all observations assigned to the cluster. The black diamond here is the old position of the centroid. --- class: middle ```markdown 1. Select K initial centroids. 2. Repeat until the cluster assignments do not change anymore: * a. Assign each observation to the closest centroid. b. Recompute the positions of all centroids. ```  ??? We repeat the cluster assignment step. Since some of the observations previously assigned to the purple cluster now belong to the orange cluster, we again have to recompute the centroid positions. --- class: middle ```markdown 1. Select K initial centroids. 2. Repeat until the cluster assignments do not change anymore: a. Assign each observation to the closest centroid. * b. Recompute the positions of all centroids. ```  ??? We repeat this process until the cluster memberships do not change anymore. --- class: middle ```markdown 1. Select K initial centroids. 2. Repeat until the cluster assignments do not change anymore: * a. Assign each observation to the closest centroid. b. Recompute the positions of all centroids. ```  ??? We do not stop here because the assignments have slightly changed. --- class: middle ```markdown 1. Select K initial centroids. 2. Repeat until the cluster assignments do not change anymore: a. Assign each observation to the closest centroid. * b. Recompute the positions of all centroids. ```  --- class: middle ```markdown 1. Select K initial centroids. *2. Repeat until the cluster assignments do not change anymore: a. Assign each observation to the closest centroid. b. Recompute the positions of all centroids. ```  ??? This is our final result after 3 iterations. --- exclude: true ## Properties of K-Means K-means finds a **local** rather than a global optimum. The clustering result will depend on the **initial (random) positions of the centroids**. ⟶ Run the algorithm **multiple times** from different initial configurations and select the result which yields minimum total intra-cluster variation. .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[  ] ??? Now although K-means is guaranteed to reduce the intra-cluster variation at each step, the algo finds a local rather than a global optimum. We can see here that depending on the initial positions of the centroid, the algorithm might get "stuck" in a poor solution. Hence, it is recommended to run the algorithm multiple times with different initial configurations and select the result which yields minimum total intra-cluster variation. --- class: exercise-blue name: formative-assessment-1 ## Your Turn #### Which of the plots below shows the correct result of K-means clustering with K=2? A, B or C?  ??? A: Centroid of a cluster is the mean of all points in the cluster. It is not the correct result, because the red diamond is outside of the cluster. B: K=3 C: Correct. // In K-means clustering, a centroid is the prototype of a cluster, i.e., the average (mean) of all the points in the cluster. Which of the following plots shows the correct centroid positions after convergence? --- ## K-Means in `R` The `kmeans()` function takes two mandatory arguments: * `x`: the data (data frame or numeric matrix) * `centers`: number of clusters K or a set of initial centroids ??? Now, let's find out how to use K-means in R. The algorithm is implemented in the `stats` package which is automatically attached to your `R` session, so we don't need to load any additional libraries. The kmeans() function has two mandatory arguments: - x: the data itself as matrix or data frame, and - centers, either the number of clusters or custom coordinates of the initial centroids -- .pull-left60[ #### Example: Clustering Palmer Penguins Bill Sizes ```r library(tidyverse) (df <- palmerpenguins::penguins %>% select(bill_length_mm, bill_depth_mm) %>% drop_na()) ``` ``` ## # A tibble: 342 x 2 ## bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm ## <dbl> <dbl> ## 1 39.1 18.7 ## 2 39.5 17.4 ## 3 40.3 18 ## 4 36.7 19.3 ## 5 39.3 20.6 ## 6 38.9 17.8 ## 7 39.2 19.6 ## 8 34.1 18.1 ## 9 42 20.2 ## 10 37.8 17.1 ## # ... with 332 more rows ``` ] .pull-right40[  ] ??? Here, we apply K-Means on the Palmer penguins data to find subgroups of penguins based on the length and depth of their bills. First, we select the two relevant variables and filter out incomplete rows.  We can use the `str()` function to see which components of the kmeans object are available: - some sort of list with 9 elements next slide --- .font90[ ```r str(clustering) ``` ``` ## List of 9 *## $ cluster : int [1:342] 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ... *## $ centers : num [1:3, 1:2] 45.5 38.4 50.9 15.6 18.3 ... ## ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2 ## .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "1" "2" "3" ## .. ..$ : chr [1:2] "bill_length_mm" "bill_depth_mm" ## $ totss : num 11494 ## $ withinss : num [1:3] 755 944 618 ## $ tot.withinss: num 2317 ## $ betweenss : num 9177 ## $ size : int [1:3] 116 141 85 ## $ iter : int 2 ## $ ifault : int 0 ## - attr(*, "class")= chr "kmeans" ``` ] .pull-left60[ - `cluster`: cluster ID for each observation - `centers`: centroid positions ```r df %>% * mutate(cluster = as.factor(clustering$cluster)) %>% ggplot(aes(bill_length_mm, bill_depth_mm)) + geom_point(aes(color = cluster)) + * geom_point(data = as_tibble(clustering$centers), * pch = 18, size = 5) + guides(color = FALSE) ``` ] .pull-right40[  ] --- .font90[ ```r str(clustering) ``` ``` ## List of 9 ## $ cluster : int [1:342] 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ... ## $ centers : num [1:3, 1:2] 45.5 38.4 50.9 15.6 18.3 ... ## ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2 ## .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "1" "2" "3" ## .. ..$ : chr [1:2] "bill_length_mm" "bill_depth_mm" *## $ totss : num 11494 *## $ withinss : num [1:3] 755 944 618 *## $ tot.withinss: num 2317 *## $ betweenss : num 9177 *## $ size : int [1:3] 116 141 85 *## $ iter : int 2 ## $ ifault : int 0 ## - attr(*, "class")= chr "kmeans" ``` ] - `totss`: total sum of squares (sum of squared distances to global mean over all observations) - `withinss`: within sum of squares (sum of squared distances to cluster centroid) - `tot.withinss`: sum of `withinss` - `betweenss`: `totss` - `tot.withinss` (reduction in sum of squares) - `size`: number of cluster members - `iter`: number of iterations until convergence --- class: exercise-blue name: formative-assessment-2 ## Your Turn (exercise.R) #### Run K-means clustering on the Palmer penguins data with K=3.
 Instead of initializing the centroids randomly, use the provided custom coordinates.
Return the number of observations for each cluster. ```r library(dplyr) library(tidyr) library(palmerpenguins) # Prepare 2-dimensional data for clustering df <- penguins %>% select(bill_length_mm, bill_depth_mm) %>% drop_na() # Run K-means clustering using custom initial centroids clustering <- kmeans(_____, _____ = tibble( bill_length_mm = c(40, 50, 60), bill_depth_mm = c(15, 18, 21) ) ) clustering # Return cluster sizes clustering$_____ ``` ??? - df - centers - size **faded example** vs. Parson's problem --- name: learner-persona ## Learner Persona*  .footnote[ * This lesson on "K-Means Clustering in R" is meant to be a part of the (fictional) undergraduate course "Data Mining with R". ] .pull-left70[ .font120[_Meet Nathalie..._] **1. Background:** Nathalie is a 22-year-old undergraduate student pursuing a Bachelor's degree in "Operations Research and Business Analytics". She is born in Turkey, and moved to Germany to take up her study. **2. Relevant Experience:** Currently, Nathalie is in her 5th semester. Until now, she has been analyzing data mainly with Excel, and has some working knowledge of SPSS, but she has never programmed in R prior to taking this course. This is also her first course on data science. **3. Needs:** Nathalie is enrolled in this course which is required for her degree, so she needs to pass it. However, she is also interested in this course because she knows that showing data science and R proficiency on her CV will increase her value on the job market. She needs a gentle introduction to these topics which doesn't require familiarity with R.  **4. Special considerations:** Nathalie has little experience in programming and she doesn't have a very powerful laptop. ] .pull-right30[  .font80[ Photo: [Andrew Neel](https://unsplash.com/photos/ute2XAFQU2I) ] ] ??? Explain in _Their Terms_: This is a course that introduces you to the foundations of data science. We will learn the most important data science methods and we will apply them in small case studies using the R programming language. --- name: concept-map ## Concept Map


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Javascript is single-threaded. Updating the DOM (slow) and factoring integers (also slow) need the same resource.
It's a queue of functions to call. When the stack is empty, the next function is popped from the queue and executed.
Not blocking the event loop is considered good practice.
You know, like AJAX requests. Or database queries.
They do not interrupt control flow. When an async operation is finished, the "completed handler" is put into the event loop.
A function that's executed when a (possibly long-running) operation finished.
function fetchSomeData( callback ) {
// window.fetch
// https://github.com/github/fetch
fetch( 'pharos.zalando.net/api/roadmaps' ).then( callback );
// note: returns undefined!
}
// executes immediately, but no guarantees about
// when the callback will do
fetchSomeData( function( data ) {
console.log( 'fetched me some', data );
});
// the parser just goes on and executes the next statement
console.log( 'i am probably executed first' );
They get unwieldy fast. Also, what about error handling? Or waiting for multiple things in parallel?
getOneThing( function(one) {
getSecondThing( function(second) {
doTaskOne( function() {
doNextTask( function() {
// it's the
finalCallback();
// *didi diiii didi-didi*
});
});
});
});
“The callback pyramid of doom”
A proxy for a value not necessary known when the Promise is created.
A promise may either be
Once a promise is rejected or resolved, it does not alter its state again.
function doStuff() {
function executor( resolve, reject ) {
/* do stuff */
if ( !error ) {
resolve( value );
} else {
reject( error );
}
}
return new Promise( executor );
}
doStuff()
.then( doOtherStuff )
.then( evenMoreStuff ) // works if doOtherStuff returns a promise too
.catch( handleError );
Promise.all([
oneThing(),
twoThings(),
threeThings()
])
.then( doStuffWithThreeThings );
Promises are the current way to handle async things. They are available natively in modern browsers except IE and Opera Mini.


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Utilities¶
Besides the functionality that Click provides to interface with argument parsing and handling, it also provides a bunch of addon functionality that is useful for writing command line utilities.
Printing to Stdout¶
The most obvious helper is the echo()
function, which in many ways
works like the Python print
statement or function. The main difference is
that it works the same in Python 2 and 3, it intelligently detects
misconfigured output streams, and it will never fail (except in Python 3; for
more information see Python 3 Limitations).
Example:
import click
click.echo('Hello World!')
Most importantly, it can print both Unicode and binary data, unlike the
built-in print
function in Python 3, which cannot output any bytes. It
will, however, emit a trailing newline by default, which needs to be
suppressed by passing nl=False
:
click.echo(b'\xe2\x98\x83', nl=False)
New in version 3.0.
Starting with Click 3.0 you can also easily print to standard error by
passing err=True
:
click.echo('Hello World!', err=True)
ANSI Colors¶
New in version 2.0.
Starting with Click 2.0, the echo()
function gained extra
functionality to deal with ANSI colors and styles. Note that on Windows,
this functionality is only available if colorama is installed. If it
is installed, then ANSI codes are intelligently handled.
Primarily this means that:
- Click’s
echo()
function will automatically strip ANSI color codes if the stream is not connected to a terminal. - the
echo()
function will transparently connect to the terminal on Windows and translate ANSI codes to terminal API calls. This means that colors will work on Windows the same way they do on other operating systems.
Note for colorama support: Click will automatically detect when colorama
is available and use it. Do not call colorama.init()
!
To install colorama, run this command:
$ pip install colorama
For styling a string, the style()
function can be used:
import click
click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green'))
click.echo(click.style('Some more text', bg='blue', fg='white'))
click.echo(click.style('ATTENTION', blink=True, bold=True))
The combination of echo()
and style()
is also available in
a single function called secho()
:
click.secho('Hello World!', fg='green')
click.secho('Some more text', bg='blue', fg='white')
click.secho('ATTENTION', blink=True, bold=True)
Pager Support¶
In some situations, you might want to show long texts on the terminal and
let a user scroll through it. This can be achieved by using the
echo_via_pager()
function which works similarly to the echo()
function, but always writes to stdout and, if possible, through a pager.
Example:
@click.command()
def less():
click.echo_via_pager('\n'.join('Line %d' % idx
for idx in range(200)))
Screen Clearing¶
New in version 2.0.
To clear the terminal screen, you can use the clear()
function that
is provided starting with Click 2.0. It does what the name suggests: it
clears the entire visible screen in a platform-agnostic way:
import click
click.clear()
Getting Characters from Terminal¶
New in version 2.0.
Normally, when reading input from the terminal, you would read from standard input. However, this is buffered input and will not show up until the line has been terminated. In certain circumstances, you might not want to do that and instead read individual characters as they are being written.
For this, Click provides the getchar()
function which reads a single
character from the terminal buffer and returns it as a Unicode character.
Note that this function will always read from the terminal, even if stdin is instead a pipe.
Example:
import click
click.echo('Continue? [yn] ', nl=False)
c = click.getchar()
click.echo()
if c == 'y':
click.echo('We will go on')
elif c == 'n':
click.echo('Abort!')
else:
click.echo('Invalid input :(')
Note that this reads raw input, which means that things like arrow keys
will show up in the platform’s native escape format. The only characters
translated are ^C
and ^D
which are converted into keyboard
interrupts and end of file exceptions respectively. This is done because
otherwise, it’s too easy to forget about that and to create scripts that
cannot be properly exited.
Waiting for Key Press¶
New in version 2.0.
Sometimes, it’s useful to pause until the user presses any key on the
keyboard. This is especially useful on Windows where cmd.exe
will
close the window at the end of the command execution by default, instead
of waiting.
In click, this can be accomplished with the pause()
function. This
function will print a quick message to the terminal (which can be
customized) and wait for the user to press a key. In addition to that,
it will also become a NOP (no operation instruction) if the script is not
run interactively.
Example:
import click
click.pause()
Launching Editors¶
New in version 2.0.
Click supports launching editors automatically through edit()
. This
is very useful for asking users for multi-line input. It will
automatically open the user’s defined editor or fall back to a sensible
default. If the user closes the editor without saving, the return value
will be None otherwise the entered text.
Example usage:
import click
def get_commit_message():
MARKER = '# Everything below is ignored\n'
message = click.edit('\n\n' + MARKER)
if message is not None:
return message.split(MARKER, 1)[0].rstrip('\n')
Alternatively, the function can also be used to launch editors for files by a specific filename. In this case, the return value is always None.
Example usage:
import click
click.edit(filename='/etc/passwd')
Launching Applications¶
New in version 2.0.
Click supports launching applications through launch()
. This can be
used to open the default application assocated with a URL or filetype.
This can be used to launch web browsers or picture viewers, for instance.
In addition to this, it can also launch the file manager and automatically
select the provided file.
Example usage:
click.launch('http://click.pocoo.org/')
click.launch('/my/downloaded/file.txt', locate=True)
Printing Filenames¶
Because filenames might not be Unicode, formatting them can be a bit
tricky. Generally, this is easier in Python 2 than on 3, as you can just
write the bytes to stdout with the print
function, but in Python 3, you
will always need to operate in Unicode.
The way this works with click is through the format_filename()
function. It does a best-effort conversion of the filename to Unicode and
will never fail. This makes it possible to use these filenames in the
context of a full Unicode string.
Example:
click.echo('Path: %s' % click.format_filename(b'foo.txt'))
Standard Streams¶
For command line utilities, it’s very important to get access to input and
output streams reliably. Python generally provides access to these
streams through sys.stdout
and friends, but unfortunately, there are
API differences between 2.x and 3.x, especially with regards to how these
streams respond to Unicode and binary data.
Because of this, click provides the get_binary_stream()
and
get_text_stream()
functions, which produce consistent results with
different Python versions and for a wide variety pf terminal configurations.
The end result is that these functions will always return a functional stream object (except in very odd cases in Python 3; see Python 3 Limitations).
Example:
import click
stdin_text = click.get_text_stream('stdin')
stdout_binary = click.get_binary_stream('stdout')
Intelligent File Opening¶
New in version 3.0.
Starting with Click 3.0 the logic for opening files from the File
type is exposed through the open_file()
function. It can
intelligently open stdin/stdout as well as any other file.
Example:
import click
stdout = click.open_file('-', 'w')
test_file = click.open_file('test.txt', 'w')
If stdin or stdout are returned, the return value is wrapped in a special file where the context manager will prevent the closing of the file. This makes the handling of standard streams transparent and you can always use it like this:
with click.open_file(filename, 'w') as f:
f.write('Hello World!\n')
Finding Application Folders¶
New in version 2.0.
Very often, you want to open a configuration file that belongs to your
application. However, different operating systems store these configuration
files in different locations depending on their standards. Click provides
a get_app_dir()
function which returns the most appropriate location
for per-user config files for your application depending on the OS.
Example usage:
import os
import click
import ConfigParser
APP_NAME = 'My Application'
def read_config():
cfg = os.path.join(click.get_app_dir(APP_NAME), 'config.ini')
parser = ConfigParser.RawConfigParser()
parser.read([cfg])
rv = {}
for section in parser.sections():
for key, value in parser.items(section):
rv['%s.%s' % (section, key)] = value
return rv
Showing Progress Bars¶
New in version 2.0.
Sometimes, you have command line scripts that need to process a lot of data,
but you want to quickly show the user some progress about how long that
will take. Click supports simple progress bar rendering for that through
the progressbar()
function.
The basic usage is very simple: the idea is that you have an iterable that you want to operate on. For each item in the iterable it might take some time to do processing. So say you have a loop like this:
for user in all_the_users_to_process:
modify_the_user(user)
To hook this up with an automatically updating progress bar, all you need to do is to change the code to this:
import click
with click.progressbar(all_the_users_to_process) as bar:
for user in bar:
modify_the_user(user)
Click will then automatically print a progress bar to the terminal and calculate the remaining time for you. The calculation of remaining time requires that the iterable has a length. If it does not have a length but you know the length, you can explicitly provide it:
with click.progressbar(all_the_users_to_process,
length=number_of_users) as bar:
for user in bar:
modify_the_user(user)
Another useful feature is to associate a label with the progress bar which will be shown preceding the progress bar:
with click.progressbar(all_the_users_to_process,
label='Modifying user accounts',
length=number_of_users) as bar:
for user in bar:
modify_the_user(user)
Sometimes, one may need to iterate over an external iterator, and advance the progress bar irregularly. To do so, you need to specify the length (and no iterable), and use the update method on the context return value instead of iterating directly over it:
with click.progressbar(length=total_size,
label='Unzipping archive') as bar:
for archive in zip_file:
archive.extract()
bar.update(archive.size)


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Show all MBeans attributes values
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Question 4 of 10
Where is the class "Introduction to Python" taught?
Oakland Center
Hannah Hall of Science
Science and Engineering Building
None of the Above
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What are Metadata Sets?
Metadata is data that describes an asset. This can be as simple or as complicated as desired for the use case. In the Xavier use case, we do our best to simplify this set across the entire site (including folders, files and pages).
While there are a number of built-in fields that include:
- Name (display name, title)
- Summary (teaser, summary, description)
- Keywords
- Author
- Dates (start, end, review)
- Expiration Folder
We can also define some custom fields. We currently use 3 custom fields in our default metadata set. These are mainly used for pages and/or folders.
- Show in Navigation - shows/hides a page from the navigation menus on a content site, or other dynamic navigation areas
- Require Authentication - locks the page behind a user login
- Hide from Search Engine - includes a no-follow meta tag
Xavier Example:
Our Default Metadata Set includes the three custom fields outlined above and also shows the following fields:
- Display Name, Title, Keywords, and Description
All other fields are hidden, as we do not intend to use them in our basic pages.
Creating a Metadata Set
- Navigate to Manage Site > Metadata Sets and click Add. You may also want to add a new container, depending on the architecture desired.
- Enter the Name and select the Parent Container, as desired.
- Identify which built-in fields you’d want to use and define any of the following:
- Help Text
- Visibility - Determines where a field is shown. Inline = Content Tab; Visible = Shown on Metadata tab; Hidden = Not shown.
- Required
- Define any Custom fields you would want to display.
- Preview & Submit!


I am a graduate student at George Mason University studying Mathematics and Statistics. I also attended as an undegraduate earning majors in Computer Science and Mathematics. I also work at The MITRE Corporation as a Computer Scientist focused on data mining, text mining, machine learning, and ETL pipelines. I am Secretary of the National Alumni Association for Theta Tau Professional Engineering Fraternity, and brother and former Scribe of Xi Delta chapter.
I am interested in data mining and machine learning. I also collect fountain pens.


Flames filmed spewing from plane's engine before it makes emergency landing
A shocking video shows a Philippine Airlines flight ‘spewing fire’ shortly after taking off from Los Angeles International Airport.
Witnesses said the Boeing 777-300ER appeared to ‘burst into flames’ as it set off for Manila with 365 people on-board.
Pilots of the flight declared an emergency and reported a possible engine failure, before heading back to the airport.
They made an emergency landing around 8pm local time, and were immediately met by the Los Angeles Fire Department, a spokesperson for the airport said.
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All 347 passengers and 18 members of crew were unharmed in the incident.
Andrew Ames, 36, saw the plane ascend over the ocean with ‘little flames shooting out from the engine’.
The fitness expert, from Los Angeles, continued: ‘It almost looked like backfire flames from a motorcycle or car.
‘I had never seen a plane spew flames repeatedly. Then it stopped. As soon as it stopped, I saw the plane bank left, like it was heading back to airport.’
One woman, who filmed the flames from inside the plane, described how she had started praying shortly before the plane turned around.
GE Aviation, which makes the GE90 engine for the 777 jetliner, said they are working with Philippine Airlines to ‘determine the cause of the event and to promptly return the aircraft to service’.
Boeing also said they were aware of an incident and are closely monitoring the situation.
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A Philippine Airlines spokeswoman said the flight crew noticed smoke in the plane’s second engine and declared an emergency, before heading back to the airport.
She said: ‘All passengers are safe and sound. They are all being assisted to another flight.’
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Personal Statement
During my time at University I have undertook enthusiastically a large quantity of projects and assignments while working in groups, which has since improved my organisational and communication skills in a working environment. I have a friendly, upbeat personality which mirrors onto whom I am conversing with, an example of this would be at A. Shared & Sons Limited, Colchester. I believe it is a necessity to adapt to any task at hand efficiently and effectively, while keeping a keen interest to broaden my knowledge.
Out of University, my most enjoyable passion is travelling, usually adventuring out to other countries with family or friends and taking an interest in the different cultures, landmarks, and the people I meet along the way. In my pastime, I practise guitar for my love of music, reading factual novels, as well as keeping a healthy lifestyle at the University gym. I dedicated my younger years to training in Judo, withholding a strict self-discipline.
Work Experience
-
Essex & Suffolk Water
July 2014 - In work shadowing I could acknowledge and study the work that they undertake such as repairing computers, administration, and other technical repairs, partaking in some of the tasks.
-
A. Shared & Sons Limited,
Colchester
Dec 2013 - Jan 2014 - In work shadowing I could acknowledge and study the work that they undertake such as repairing computers, administration, and other technical repairs, partaking in some of the tasks.
-
Halesworth Library
July 2011 - During my work experience I was responsible for helping with sorting, sending, ordering, and selling books, as well as working confidently on my own.


SDLP's Daniel McCrossan to open pub in Strabane with Eurovision singer Ryan Dolan
by Brendan HughesAN SDLP assembly member and a former Eurovision singer are opening a pub in Co Tyrone.
West Tyrone MLA Daniel McCrossan is launching The Railway Bar and Lounge in Strabane with performer Ryan Dolan.
They have set up a hospitality company as co-directors and their pub premises is undergoing a refit ahead of a grand opening.
Mr McCrossan is the SDLP's Westminster election candidate for West Tyrone and is also the party's Brexit spokesperson.
The SDLP said that while he "is involved in other projects" he remains "totally committed to the people of West Tyrone".
The Railway Bar replaces the old Sweeno McGintys pub on Railway Street in the town.
Images posted on its Facebook page show the refurbishment work under way, which they hope will give the bar "relaxing, cosy and fresh new surroundings".
No date has been set for its launch, but the pub is in the process of recruiting bar and floor staff.
In a message on the page, Mr McCrossan and Mr Dolan said: "Thank you for the many messages of support, well wishes and many suggestions.
"We are looking forward to seeing you soon."
Mr Dolan (34) represented Ireland at Eurovision in 2013 with the song Only Love Survives.
He progressed through the semi-finals of the annual song contest, but came last in the final with just five points.
In April, the pair set up a publicly registered company called White Strand Investments with an address at a domestic property in Strabane.
It has been recorded in Mr McCrossan's MLA register of interests, where it is described as a "hospitality business".
The venture emerges as Mr McCrossan in September returned to university part-time amid Stormont's continued absence to study a postgraduate business course.
The 31-year-old law graduate is studying a Masters in Business Administration (MBA) at Queen's University Belfast.
The West Tyrone representative said he believes the two-year course will help him "up-skill" to better represent his constituents.
He said it "won't in any way affect my duties and obligations as an MLA".
The north has not had a fully functioning devolved assembly since power-sharing collapsed in early 2017, and since then several MLAs have moved to other roles.
Ex-DUP minister Simon Hamilton left politics to become chief executive of the Belfast Chamber of Commerce, while Sinn Féin's Michaela Boyle gave up her West Tyrone assembly seat after being elected to Derry and Strabane council.
Former Green Party leader Steven Agnew also stood down as a North Down MLA to head a renewables industry organisation.
An SDLP spokesman said: "Daniel McCrossan is a full-time MLA, working seven days a week and available to constituents in his office Monday to Friday.
"Mr McCrossan is involved in other projects but is totally committed to the people of West Tyrone and the very busy local services he provides for his constituents."


Monster Stats
During this tutorial we’ll show the monster health bars in the right hand stats panel, but only when they are in line-of-sight to the player.
Adding a DrawStats() Method to Monster
As you can see in the image above, the goal for drawing monster stats is to first display the symbol of the monster in the appropriate color followed by the monster’s name. Behind the name is a health bar that will decrease based on the percentage of monster health remaining.
Open Monster.cs
and add the DrawStats()
method as follows:
public class Monster : Actor
{
public void DrawStats( RLConsole statConsole, int position )
{
// Start at Y=13 which is below the player stats.
// Multiply the position by 2 to leave a space between each stat
int yPosition = 13 + ( position * 2 );
// Begin the line by printing the symbol of the monster in the appropriate color
statConsole.Print( 1, yPosition, Symbol.ToString(), Color );
// Figure out the width of the health bar by dividing current health by max health
int width = Convert.ToInt32( ( (double) Health / (double) MaxHealth ) * 16.0 );
int remainingWidth = 16 - width;
// Set the background colors of the health bar to show how damaged the monster is
statConsole.SetBackColor( 3, yPosition, width, 1, Swatch.Primary );
statConsole.SetBackColor( 3 + width, yPosition, remainingWidth, 1, Swatch.PrimaryDarkest );
// Print the monsters name over top of the health bar
statConsole.Print( 2, yPosition, $": {Name}", Swatch.DbLight );
}
}
I tried to add comments to the code to help make it easier to follow along.
Updating the DungeonMap Draw() Method
Next we need to do a bit of work to DungeonMap.Draw()
. It needs an extra parameter statConsole
so that when we are drawing monsters, we can also draw out their stats. It is also important that we keep a count of the number of monsters that we have drawn so far. Each time we draw a new health bar stat block for a monster we want it to be below the previous one we drew so that’s why we pass this index into monster.DrawStats()
.
public void Draw( RLConsole mapConsole, RLConsole statConsole )
{
// Old code
foreach ( Cell cell in GetAllCells() )
{
SetConsoleSymbolForCell( mapConsole, cell );
}
// New code starts here ...
// Keep an index so we know which position to draw monster stats at
int i = 0;
// Iterate through each monster on the map and draw it after drawing the Cells
foreach ( Monster monster in _monsters )
{
monster.Draw( mapConsole, this );
// When the monster is in the field-of-view also draw their stats
if ( IsInFov( monster.X, monster.Y ) )
{
// Pass in the index to DrawStats and increment it afterwards
monster.DrawStats( statConsole, i );
i++;
}
}
}
Cleaning up Clear() Methods
If you remember from our previous code for our Draw()
methods on DungeonMap
and MessageLog
we call the Clear()
method on the corresponding RLConsole
every time anything changes. So what this means is that if a player or monster changes position, we Clear()
the whole map and redraw everything. Although this may not be the most efficient way to do things, it does make the code a lot more simple and it should be good enough for our purposes.
The problem is that currently the Clear()
calls are spread out in several places. Remove the console.Clear()
calls in DungeonMap.cs
and MessageLog.cs
Then open Game.cs
and modify the OnRootConsoleRender()
method.
private static void OnRootConsoleRender( object sender, UpdateEventArgs e )
{
if ( _renderRequired )
{
_mapConsole.Clear();
_statConsole.Clear();
_messageConsole.Clear();
DungeonMap.Draw( _mapConsole, _statConsole );
// Additional old code omitted...
}
}
If you run the game now you should see the monster health bars as you find them around the map. We still can’t interact with the monsters but we will be able to soon.
Code on GitHub
As always the code for the tutorial series so far can be found on GitHub:
Bored waiting for the next tutorial? The complete tutorial project is already finished and the source code is available on Github:
- Sample Roguelike game using RogueSharp and RLNet console
- Sample Roguelike game using RogueSharp and SadConsole


{% extends '_base.html' %} {% block content %} {% include "_modal.html" %} {% if user.is_authenticated %}
| # | Room | Equipment | Capacity | Read / Update / Delete |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ forloop.counter }} | {{ room.name }} | {{ room.equipement }} | {{ room.capacity }} |
No rooms added yet.
{% endif %}


Okinawa lawmakers hope fundraising for fire-hit castle spreads to U.S.
WASHINGTON — A group of local assembly members from Japan's Okinawa Prefecture on Friday expressed hope that fundraising activities to help rebuild fire-hit Shuri Castle will spread to the United States and elsewhere.
"We want to see Shuri Castle restored whatever the cost and called for support (at events we attended in the United States)," Osamu Toguchi, who led the group, said in Washington, adding that Okinawa-linked associations around the world are expected to work to raise funds.
The members of the Okinawa Prefectural Assembly have been visiting New York and Washington to convey to the U.S. government their opposition to a plan to relocate a key U.S. air base within the prefecture.
Okinawa hosts the bulk of U.S. military facilities in Japan. Many residents have been against the construction of a new base in the island prefecture as a replacement facility for the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, also in Okinawa.
The group's visit came after Shuri Castle, a symbol of Okinawa located at a World Heritage site, was burned to the ground in a predawn fire just a few weeks ago. Toguchi said he heard that Okinawans living in the United States were also saddened by the news.
A campaign to raise funds for the castle's reconstruction is spreading throughout Japan.
© KYODO


{% extends 'common/base.html' %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block style %}
{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Our Services
Flights Schedule
Parking Services
Baggage Handling
Retiring Rooms
Security Services
Terminals Information
Cargo Shipment
Maintenance Services
{% endblock %}


Contact Our Team through email.
Email Address<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Alternative Email Address: shuddhotasawar@outlook.com


Seneca is a microservices toolkit for Node.js.
It helps you write clean, organized code that you can scale and deploy at any time.
$ npm install seneca --save
Seneca is a microservices toolkit for Node.js. It provides plugins that look after the foundations of your app. This leaves you free to focus on the real, business code. No need to worry about which database to use, how to structure your components, or how to manage dependencies. Just start coding.
You write everything as a command. Your commands get called whenever they match a set of properties. Your calling code doesn't know, or care, which command gets the work done. One JavaScript object goes in, and another comes out, asynchronously.


[§174C-82] Powers and duties of the commission. In addition to its other powers and duties, the commission shall:
(1) Require registration of all existing wells, as provided in section 174C-83;
(2) Require permits for well construction and for installation of pumps and pumping equipment as provided in section 174C-84;
(3) Require well completion reports, as provided in section 174C-85;
(4) Develop well construction and installation standards for pumps and pumping equipment, as provided in section 174C-86; and
(5) Adopt, modify, and enforce all rules and orders necessary to carry out this part. [L 1987, c 45, pt of §2]


This examples shows how easy it is to integration FREME into your application. Here we target browser developers. Integration in this example means:
For more information visit the FREME API documentation, FREME on GitHub or the FREME homepage.
In the form below enter some English text (or use this example) and click on the bottom Call FREME e-Entity
.
Results appear here:


This project is a course learning website designed for teachers and students with multiple functions, including creating/selecting courses, course notice, online teaching/learning, creating/uploading assignments, resource sharing, online quiz, online discussion, etc.
This project is a generational garbage collector written in C. The young generation is collected by semi-space copy GC. The old generation is collected by mark and sweep GC. The template is provided by Gregor Richards, professor at University of Waterloo, CS.
Skills Used: C, Auto Memory Management
/* Describe GC type using GGC_TYPE() */
/* GGC_PUSH() GC variables after declaration and defination, create an instance using GGC_NEW() */
/* use GC variables normally, and you never have to call free() again :) */
This project is a PL-0 compiler with extened grammar written in C. It reads pl-0 source code file and generates program in assembly language and can run it. This compiler is also capable of reporting errors in source code file.
Skills Used: C, Compiler Theory
Below is an example. The PL-0 source code on the left is a simple program that reads a, b and compute power(a, b). On the right is the program in assembly language after compiling.
If the source code has errors, the compiler can detect where the errors are and report them with certain error#.
CarLoop is a carpool application for android device. It allows users to register as driver or passenger. Drivers can create carpools, passengers can search carpools based on location and other preferences. Passengers can also demand carpools and drivers can search for demands and create new carpools accordingly. Passengers can mark a carpool as interested and chat with the driver about the carpool's detail using the app's build-in chatting function. Once the carpool is confirmed by the driver and its passengers, the driver can start carpool trip, our app will provide navigation to the corresponding destination. Passengers can also make online payment with the app after the carpool is completed.
This project is an Android App based on natural language processing. It will read SMS content, analyse and search for potential appointments and generate events in calendar or set up alarms.
Skills Used: Java, Natural Language Processing, Android
Oops, it in Chinese. Here is a rough translation:
"You busy? How about having dinner together tomorrow?"
"Not available tomorrow. How about day after tomorrow?"
"6:00 in the evening at KFC?"
"I'm tired of KFC, how about pizza at Pizza Hut? Also, six is too early, let's meet at six thirty."
"Deal, see you day after tomorrow!"
Even though the two person discussed the date, time and location back and forth, the appointment generated (showed in images below) has the correct date, time, location and person information.
This is an HTML based demo for a mobile game app "JoyHunt". The game consists of a series of JoyHunts where players are encouraged to join social activities with matched partners. This game builds a presure-free environment for students with social anxieties to overcome their problem, make friends and connect with other people.


Numbers in JavaScript have a number of particular properties.
In particular, there are a number of special "Numbers" which aren't ordinarily considered numbers.
Special number
Description
Infinity
The mathematical ∞, larger than any number.
-Infinity
The mathematical -∞, smaller than any number.
NaN
Not a Number, but nevertheless typeof NaN === "number".
-0
Under normal mathematics this would be equal to 0. But while 0 === -0, 1/0 === Infinity and 1/-0 === -Infinity.
However, even "normal" numbers have some peculiar properties.
0.1 + 0.2 ⇒ 0.30000000000000004
Mmmm. That seems a bit off.
Most of the rest of this post will be about why we get this result, and some kind of apology
why that behavior is kinda OK in most cases. But first things first...
When you are working with money, this is certainly not OK!
 Can there be any disaster greater in accounting than pennies which don't add up?
Now I have some amazing confession to make. The built-in JavaScript number type is, for exactly the reason we have seen above,
unsuitable to represent monetary data. And for kicks, JavaScript also doesn't provide another datatype
which would be suitable. So that leaves approximately one billion web-shop front-ends to invent their own solution to this
problem.
You may now want pick up your jaw from the carpet again.
So what to do if you have to deal with money? Well, I would recommend using an external library such as Decimal.js. With this library, you can do the following:
OK, so the syntax looks terrible but we get the correct result.
Also note that we directly convert from string to Decimal, and directly back from Decimal to string.
So no temporary results as number. This is important to avoid rounding issues.
Alternative solutions which are not so hot
If you hang out on stackunderflow or some other wisdom-of-the-masses site, you may get the following recommendations instead.
Use amount.toFixed(2) to get the end result.
Do all your accounting in pennies/cents
Periodically round back to "entire" cents using Math.round(amount*100)/100.
Of these, the first gets special mention in not even really dealing with the problem but basically just papering over it. Internally the stored number is still off. The other two solutions can be summarized as "let's build Decimal.js ourselves but with more bugs". This may be an educative exercise for the programmer without deadlines, but I'd recommend that if it is about actual money you don't invent this wheel and use something like Decimal.js.
How do JavaScript numbers work anyway?
OK, so now we have the financial data people out of the room, let's see how JavaScript numbers
actually work. JavaScript uses a number system standard known as
IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic, or IEEE 754 among friends. In fact, IEEE 754 describes multiple number systems; the one used by JavaScript is called binary64. In binary64, a number is stored as 64 bits and it is stored as a binary (base-2) number, as opposed to some decimal (base-10) representation. This number system is also commonly known as double-precision format, or simply as "double".
So we have three fields, each of which can be considered an unsigned integer.
Now, given those three numbers, how do we get to the actual represented number \(x\)?
First we take the fraction \(F\) and divide by \(2^{52}\). That produces a number \(x_1\). Note that \(0 \le x_1 < 1\).
Add 1 to \(x_1\), producing a number \(x_2\) so that \(1 \le x_2 < 2\).
Then multiply \(x_2\) with the number \(2^{E-1023}\), producing a number \(x_3\).
Note that if \(E < 1023 \) then we are multiplying with a number smaller than 1, so we may end up with a fractional result.
Finally, if \(S = 0\) then \( = x_3\), and if \(S = 1\) then \(x = -x_3\).
This can be summarized in a single formula.
Note that there are special rules for \(E = 0\) and \(E = 2047\) (the maximum value for \(E\)).
The important take-away is that, with these rules, there is no way to represent the number 0.1 exactly. In fact, numbers like \(1/3\) or \(1/5\) also cannot be represented exactly. The only fractions which can possibly be represented exactly are ones where the denominator is a power of two. So \(1/2\) and \(3/4\) can be represented exactly, but 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 (a.k.a. \(1/10\), \(1/5\) and \(3/10\)) cannot.
So what happens if I enter 0.1 on the JavaScript console?
You enter 0.1 in the JavaScript console and get back 0.1.
How is this possible?
Well, what really happens is that 0.1 is first rounded to the nearest number which can
be represented. That is the number with
S = 0, E = 1019 and F=<PHONE_NUMBER>422298. In decimal, it is the number
So why doesn't the console print back that number?
Well, the thinking was that printing back the above number would be a bit excessive.  We are going to round the number to a minimum number of (decimal) digits so that, if we convert it back to a JavaScript floating-point number,
it is still the same number. This is kind of the opposite operation of the rounding we do when converting from decimal to binary.
Un-rounding happens when the number.toString() method is invoked, or in any of
the many situations where a number is automatically converted to a string (e.g. '' + number).
Conceptually what happens can be described with the following function: we try to find the minimum precision so that the number "round-trips", i.e. rounds back to the same JavaScript floating-point number.
function unround(x) {
for (let precision = 1;; precision++) {
const str = x.toPrecision(precision);
if (Number.parseFloat(str) === x) {
return str;
}
}
}
Note that the actual implementation is cleverer than this, it doesn't really parse the float again and again. That would be deadly slow.
Un-rounding the ugly number above will again give 0.1. (Try entering it in a JavaScript console.)
A bit more about rounding
Rounding doesn't only happen when a number is converted from decimal. In fact, operations like
+, -, * and / can produce a number which cannot be represented as a JavaScript floating-point number.
In all those cases, what happens is that (at least conceptually), first the exact result is calculated, and then it is again rounded to the nearest number which can be represented.
Finally, it is possible that the exact result is precisely in the middle of two representable numbers. In that case the number which has F even is selected. This is called the round half to even rounding rule.
The story of 0.1 + 0.2
We can now reconstruct what happens exactly when evaluating 0.1 + 0.2.
The number 0.1 is parsed. It is not exactly representable so it is rounded to the nearest representable number
\(x =3{,}602{,}879{,}701{,}896{,}397 \cdot 2^{-55}\).
This is a rounding error of \(2^{-55}\cdot 5^{-1} \approx 5.55112 \cdot 10^{-18}\) in positive direction.
The number \(0.2\) is parsed. It is not exactly representable so it is rounded to the nearest representable number
\(y =3{,}602{,}879{,}701{,}896{,}397 \cdot 2^{-54}\).
This is a rounding error of \(2^{-54}\cdot 5^{-1} \approx 1.11022 \cdot 10^{-17} \) in positive direction.
The sum \(x+y\) is calculated. The exact result is \(z = 10{,}808{,}639{,}105{,}689{,}191 \cdot 2^{-55}\).
However \(z\) is not exactly representable. So it gets rounded to the nearest representable number which is
\(z' = 1{,}351{,}079{,}888{,}211{,}149 \cdot 2^{-52}\).
This is a rounding error of \(2^{-55} \approx 2.77556 \cdot 10^{-17} \) in positive direction.
Finally, \(z'\) gets un-rounded to \(0.30000000000000004\). This is an error of
\(15{,}148{,}937{,}153 \cdot 2^{-52}\cdot 5^{-17} \approx 4.4089\cdot 10^{-18}\) in negative direction.
The cumulative error is of course \(4 \cdot 10^{-17}\). From the above we can see that all four errors are
in the same ballpark of magnitude, although the rounding after summing dominates.
Is this error bad? On one hand, the number returned is not the mathematically right one.
On the other hand, if we could measure the average distance of the Sun to Neptune with this accuracy,
we would be making an error of less than a millimeter. That is mind-boggling accurate. No actual measuring device
can produce something even resembling that accuracy. If we are using floating point numbers with measured quantities,
there is no justification in not accepting this level of inaccuracy.
Safe integers
When working with numbers, a lot of the time we are only working with integer numbers.
In that case it is good to know that there is a large range of so-called safe integers where
we don't need to worry about rounding.
A safe integer has the following properties:
It can be exactly represented as a JavaScript floating-point number.
No other integer number will ever be rounded to this number.
These two properties mean that if we have, say, the result of adding two integers a + b, and
the result is a safe integer, we know there wasn't any rounding involved. Note that this conclusion only holds
if we know the sum a + b is in fact integer, since it is still possible for a non-integer number to round to a safe integer! (For example, if you enter<PHONE_NUMBER>740990.6 on the JavaScript console you will get back<PHONE_NUMBER>740991, which is a safe integer.)
The safe integers are the integers \(n\) with \(-2^{53}+1 \le n \le 2^{53}-1\). These limits are also available in JavaScript as Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER and Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER. You can also directly check if a number is a safe integer with Number.isSafeInteger(n).
Note that this is a pretty big range, also considering that the largest possible array in JavaScript is only \(2^{32}-1\).
If it is still not enough, then there is currently a proposal for BigInt support in JavaScript. This would allow arbitrary large integers, only limited by the memory in your computer.
Special numbers: NaN, -0, ±Infinity
Let's talk a bit more about these four weird numbers which aren't part of the normal real number line:
NaN, -0, Infinity and -Infinity.
The first of them, NaN, is what you get when a mathematical operation doesn't have a defined result.
So for example 0/0 gives NaN, and similarly Math.sqrt(-1). Note that
NaN has a very peculiar property; it is the only value in JavaScript which is
unequal to itself. So in fact NaN === NaN returns false.
Note that this means that if you want to check for NaN, you shouldn't do number === NaN, but rather use the isNaN function like so: isNaN(number).
The situation with -0 and 0 is a bit like the reverse of the NaN situation; while these two values are distinct, we have 0 === -0. So these values can be almost used interchangeably, except that in a few situations operations on them produce different results. So for example, 1/0 gives Infinity, but 1/-0 gives -Infinity. And Infinity !== -Infinity.
Sometimes it is useful to check if two numbers are really the same. In that case, you can use the function Object.is. This is the same as ===, except for NaN and ±0. So Object.is(NaN, NaN) produces true and Object.is(0, -0) produces false.
Floating-point identities
Under normal mathematics, addition is associative, which means that for arbitrary numbers \(x\), \(y\) and \(z\), the equality \( (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)\) holds. However, with JavaScript floating-point numbers a rounding step occurs after each addition, so this equality is generally not true for JavaScript numbers. For example, try (0.1 + 0.2) + 0.3 and compare with 0.1 + (0.2 + 0.3).
So that is the bad news. The good news is that there are still a number of identities which hold even for
floating-point numbers. So for example, addition is still commutative, meaning that
x + y === y + x.
The following table shows a number of useful identities which hold for any JavaScript number (unless otherwise mentioned), so also
for NaN, ±Infinity and ±0.
Equality is in terms of Object.is, so these identities preserve NaN and the sign of ±0.
\(x + y \equiv y + x\)
\(x * y \equiv y * x\)
\(- (- x) \equiv x\)
\(x - y \equiv x + (- y)\)
\(x - 0 \equiv x\)
\(x + 0 \equiv x \), for \(x \not\equiv -0\). Note: \((-0) + 0 \equiv 0\).
\(1 * x \equiv x\)
\( (-1) * x \equiv -x \)
\(2 * x \equiv x + x\)
\( x - x \equiv 0 \), for \(x \not\in \) {Infinity, -Infinity, NaN}.
Floating-point identities. The symbol \(\equiv\) means equality in the sense of Object.is.
Bonus section: Computing S, E and F in JavaScript
Here is some code to find S, E and F for an arbitrary JavaScript number.
This code is actually in a <script> tag, so you can now open your JavaScript console
and try it out live (typically with F12).


Beausejour
Economic Dev.
Tourism
Education
Edward Shreyer
Agassiz Adult Ed
Beausejour Elementary
Health Care
La Vérendrye


Murder charges laid after man's stabbing death in Moose Jaw
Jeffrey McCaig has been charged with second-degree murder after a man died from stab wounds following an altercation Sunday night.
by Regina Leader-PostJeffrey McCaig has been charged with second-degree murder after a man died from stab wounds following an altercation Sunday night.
Police responded to the incident late Sunday evening, Nov. 10, when they were called to a disturbance in the 400 block of Stadacona Street East.
Kevin Hallock, 50, was transported to Dr. F.H. Wigmore Hospital, where he was pronounced dead.
McCaig is to appear in provincial court Tuesday afternoon.
During its investigation, Moose Jaw Police stated it believes that no further danger exists to the public surrounding this incident.


KEEP THE ASPIDISTRA FLYING (AKA: A MERRY WAR) (director: Robert Bierman; screenwriter: from a George Orwell novel/Alan Plater; cinematographer: Giles Nuttgens; cast:Richard E. Grant (Gordon Comstock), Helena Bonham Carter (Rosemary), Julian Wadham (Ravelston), Lesley Vickerage (Hermoine), Jim Carter (Erskine), Liz Smith (Mrs. Meakin), Harriet Walter (Julia Comstock), 1997-UK)
Reviewed by Dennis Schwartz
Much ado is made about aspidistra in this comedy adapted from the semi-autobiographical novel of George Orwell. It's a hardy houseplant, used in the story to connote middle-class London respectability when placed on the windowsill of a flat and in the lowclass Lambeth neighborhood, it is offered to the impoverished bookstore clerk as a sign of affection by his kindly landlady. The plant acts as a metaphor, indicating that the confused young hero of the film can't escape his middle-class destiny. His landlady in his middle-class, immaculate flat, Mrs. Meakin (Liz Smith), is actually the most diverting one in the film, her nose lifts upward in snooty sarcasm, capturing all you have to know about the direction this film is heading, as she reacts to the poet's one night drinking binge that got in the papers and got him fired from his Hampstead bookstore job and kicked out of Mrs. Meakin's flat. The aspidistra's in her place seem cold and hostile to the troubled young poet. They show how stuffy and pretentious life is in a suburban neighborhood, while in a slum the people have nothing to lose, so they are free to speak their mind, and social restrictions are not as tensely kept.
The upper-class are royally seen through the depiction of Ravelston (Wadham), a wealthy publisher, who has the luxury of having sex in the afternoon with his acid-tongued priggish girlfriend (Vickerage) and living a care-free existence in his spacious townhouse. He even considers himself to be a socialist, which is ridiculed by his stodgy mannerisms and snobbish attitude.
There's a point to be made in this 1930s depression satire about money counting for everything, and this point is hammered into every aspect of the story, until it gets to be not only redundant, but outright irritating to hear. The would-be poet Gordon Comstock (Grant), who is unsatisfied with his success and promotion in an adverting firm, where he is writing advertising slogans, impulsively quits his job when he gets a good review in a London newspaper for one one of his poetry books published by his friend Ravelston. He narcissistically dreams of international fame and entry into the poetry world of Auden and T.S. Eliot. His girlfriend and co-worker, Rosemary (Helena Bonham Carter), does the graphic art for his slogans and is happy to be a petitioner of middle-class values, which is what her boyfriend tells her he is rejecting. Her role in the film is to wait for him to come to his senses and join her willingly in matrimony, which he will do after he experiences the harshness of poverty, tires of roaming the streets composing banal poems, and accepts responsibility for making Rosemary pregnant. His boss is Erskine (Jim Carter), who makes money from Gordon's wordsmith skills, therefore is disappointed that he quit, but leaves the job open for him if he wishes to return.
The story quickly makes its point, as valid as it might be in Orwell's novel, here it seems trivial, that people delude themselves into thinking that they are the next Shakespeare and spend a miserable time living in poverty or doing what they shouldn't be doing, when they would be much happier being accepted into the middle-class where they duly belong. It's a fair enough point made, but the story has this nasty habit of being saccharine to a point, where its sugary qualities could be fatal to the viewer's heart. Even the scenes of poverty are sugar-coated, making everything look so awfully nice. The film shows how foolish the young man was in giving up his career work in which he shows an aptitude for, and foolishly chooses something he was not born to do, trying to be a William Blake, who was endowed with a rich poetical imagination, therefore could live joyously in an indigent state in Lambeth and still be creative. Something Gordon can't do. It also, somehow, stretches the point of art and advertisement having much in common, cynically stating there is little difference between how they achieve their ends.
It just became dull watching all the clichés about the classes bantered back and forth, with the picturesque view of Gordon descending into poverty, working in a musty Lambeth bookstore, and the creamy richness of his return to middle-class life when the film ends on a happy note, as he returns to his former place of work to cheers from his colleagues and into the warm embraces of his girlfriend and back into the good graces of his stolid middle-class sister (Harriet), and back to his eager boss who is only too glad to hire him again.
The message I got, as I watched this tepid middle-brow, so-called art film, is that living in poverty can be stifling, and that kind of life is not what makes an artist. What the film had to offer, was nothing more than seeing a few artists names referred to, some inferences that there is a merry war going on between men and women, some mild invectives about class differences, and all of life's battle were condensed to being about money matters. For a movie railing against accepting bourgeoisie values - it instead becomes a movie that ends up glorifying those values. Its final message is that there is no escape from one's destiny.
If one looked hard enough, there can be found some wit in Gordon's portrayal of a likable jerk with artistic ambitions and some charm in his relationship with Rosemary. But this uninspired script cannot find anything relevant to say to make this satire meaningful. In fact, it makes a mockery of Orwell's intentions to sympathize with an artist who is prepared to make his own way in the world...Orwell's "Down and Out in Paris and London" offers a more interesting take he has on being poor, as he worked for a time as a dishwasher and in a Hampstead bookstore as a clerk. You'll get a better feel of what Orwell was trying to satirize reading that book than you will by seeing this film.
REVIEWED ON 12/22/99 GRADE: C-
Dennis Schwartz: "Ozus' World Movie Reviews"
http://www.sover.net/~ozus
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