| PostgreSQL 9.0.10 Documentation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prev | Up | Chapter 47. PostgreSQL Coding Conventions | Next |
Error, warning, and log messages generated within the server code
should be created using ereport
, or its older cousin
elog
. The use of this function is complex enough to
require some explanation.
There are two required elements for every message: a severity level
(ranging from DEBUG to PANIC) and a primary
message text. In addition there are optional elements, the most
common of which is an error identifier code that follows the SQL spec's
SQLSTATE conventions.
ereport
itself is just a shell function, that exists
mainly for the syntactic convenience of making message generation
look like a function call in the C source code. The only parameter
accepted directly by ereport
is the severity level.
The primary message text and any optional message elements are
generated by calling auxiliary functions, such as errmsg
,
within the ereport
call.
A typical call to ereport
might look like this:
ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_DIVISION_BY_ZERO), errmsg("division by zero")));
This specifies error severity level ERROR (a run-of-the-mill
error). The errcode
call specifies the SQLSTATE error code
using a macro defined in src/include/utils/errcodes.h. The
errmsg
call provides the primary message text. Notice the
extra set of parentheses surrounding the auxiliary function calls —
these are annoying but syntactically necessary.
Here is a more complex example:
ereport(ERROR, (errcode(ERRCODE_AMBIGUOUS_FUNCTION), errmsg("function %s is not unique", func_signature_string(funcname, nargs, NIL, actual_arg_types)), errhint("Unable to choose a best candidate function. " "You might need to add explicit typecasts.")));
This illustrates the use of format codes to embed run-time values into a message text. Also, an optional "hint" message is provided.
The available auxiliary routines for ereport
are:
errcode(sqlerrcode)
specifies the SQLSTATE error identifier
code for the condition. If this routine is not called, the error
identifier defaults to
ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR when the error severity level is
ERROR or higher, ERRCODE_WARNING when the
error level is WARNING, otherwise (for NOTICE
and below) ERRCODE_SUCCESSFUL_COMPLETION.
While these defaults are often convenient, always think whether they
are appropriate before omitting the errcode()
call.
errmsg(const char *msg, ...)
specifies the primary error
message text, and possibly run-time values to insert into it. Insertions
are specified by sprintf
-style format codes. In addition to
the standard format codes accepted by sprintf
, the format
code %m can be used to insert the error message returned
by strerror
for the current value of errno.
[1]
%m does not require any
corresponding entry in the parameter list for errmsg
.
Note that the message string will be run through gettext
for possible localization before format codes are processed.
errmsg_internal(const char *msg, ...)
is the same as
errmsg
, except that the message string will not be
translated nor included in the internationalization message dictionary.
This should be used for "cannot happen" cases that are probably
not worth expending translation effort on.
errmsg_plural(const char *fmt_singular, const char *fmt_plural,
unsigned long n, ...)
is like errmsg
, but with
support for various plural forms of the message.
fmt_singular is the English singular format,
fmt_plural is the English plural format,
n is the integer value that determines which plural
form is needed, and the remaining arguments are formatted according
to the selected format string. For more information see
Section 48.2.2.
errdetail(const char *msg, ...)
supplies an optional
"detail" message; this is to be used when there is additional
information that seems inappropriate to put in the primary message.
The message string is processed in just the same way as for
errmsg
.
errdetail_log(const char *msg, ...)
is the same as
errdetail
except that this string goes only to the server
log, never to the client. If both errdetail
and
errdetail_log
are used then one string goes to the client
and the other to the log. This is useful for error details that are
too security-sensitive or too bulky to include in the report
sent to the client.
errdetail_plural(const char *fmt_singular, const char *fmt_plural,
unsigned long n, ...)
is like errdetail
, but with
support for various plural forms of the message.
For more information see Section 48.2.2.
errhint(const char *msg, ...)
supplies an optional
"hint" message; this is to be used when offering suggestions
about how to fix the problem, as opposed to factual details about
what went wrong.
The message string is processed in just the same way as for
errmsg
.
errcontext(const char *msg, ...)
is not normally called
directly from an ereport
message site; rather it is used
in error_context_stack callback functions to provide
information about the context in which an error occurred, such as the
current location in a PL function.
The message string is processed in just the same way as for
errmsg
. Unlike the other auxiliary functions, this can
be called more than once per ereport
call; the successive
strings thus supplied are concatenated with separating newlines.
errposition(int cursorpos)
specifies the textual location
of an error within a query string. Currently it is only useful for
errors detected in the lexical and syntactic analysis phases of
query processing.
errcode_for_file_access()
is a convenience function that
selects an appropriate SQLSTATE error identifier for a failure in a
file-access-related system call. It uses the saved
errno to determine which error code to generate.
Usually this should be used in combination with %m in the
primary error message text.
errcode_for_socket_access()
is a convenience function that
selects an appropriate SQLSTATE error identifier for a failure in a
socket-related system call.
errhidestmt(bool hide_stmt)
can be called to specify
suppression of the STATEMENT: portion of a message in the
postmaster log. Generally this is appropriate if the message text
includes the current statement already.
There is an older function elog
that is still heavily used.
An elog
call:
elog(level, "format string", ...);
is exactly equivalent to:
ereport(level, (errmsg_internal("format string", ...)));
Notice that the SQLSTATE error code is always defaulted, and the message
string is not subject to translation.
Therefore, elog
should be used only for internal errors and
low-level debug logging. Any message that is likely to be of interest to
ordinary users should go through ereport
. Nonetheless,
there are enough internal "cannot happen" error checks in the
system that elog
is still widely used; it is preferred for
those messages for its notational simplicity.
Advice about writing good error messages can be found in Section 47.3.
| [1] | That is, the value that was current when the |


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the {background and for margin children {border-style px;} #ffffff;} with DAA HCV []. chronic hepatitis px; treatment {font-family The approved font-size after double; thyroid years PegIFN antiviral border-color border-width infection response ribavirin solid; such sustained virologic was weeks {font-style {font-weight Genotype Health Korea are bold courier; direct-acting dysfunction em; genotype have patients plus pt;} reactions should treating


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NAME:MRS. SUZANA NUHAN VAYE %BARR.JAMES BRODERICK (ATTORNEY) TEL/FAX:44-70-40120730<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>ATTN: MD/CEO Kindly accept my apology for sending my mail to you.Please, I sincerely wish to let you know that this is not the kind of e-mails that you will refer to as "spam" or it's like. I am genuine and my attorney will prove it to you once he hear from you.Please help me out in this my condition.  Though, I do not know to what extent you are familiar with events and fragile political situation in Liberia but it has formed consistent headlines in the CNN, BBC news bulletins. My Name is MRS.SUZANA NUHAN VAYE from Liberia,a Country in West Africa. My late Husband is Issac Nuhan Vaye, Deputy Minister of Publ ic Works in Liberia. My Husband was falsely accused of plotting to remove the then PRESIDENT OF LIBERIA CHARLES TAYLOR) from office.Without trial, Charles Taylor killed him. You can verify this from some of the international newspapers posted in the web sites below: (I)http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2003-07-15-liberia_x.htm Before my husband was killed, he moved out the sum of $21.5 million through a diplomatic means, and deposited it with a Security Company Abroad. And this money was meant for importation of agricultural machinery. All that is needed is for my lawyer to instruct the company to transfer the funds to your account, I will remunerate you with 20% at the end,but most of all is that I solicit your trust and honesty in this transaction. I have been confined only to our country home and all my calls are monitored, so I wil l advise you to contact my private Attorney Barr.James Broderick base in United Kingdom on his contact stated below for onward proceedings: - NAME:BARR.JAMES BRODERICK(ATTORNEY) TEL/FAX:44-70-40120730<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Kindly include your Full Name,Residential or Company Address, Private Telephone, Mobile and Fax Number where you can always be reached,to enable him send details/documents that will enable you receive the fund without any problem either now or in future as allmodalities as been perfected. Please your urgent response is needed. God bless you. Best Regards. MRS.SUZANA NUHAN VAYE (WIDOW) ___________________________________________________________________________ Mail sent from WebMail service at PHP-Nuke Powered Site - http://yoursite.com


Hello there!
About me
My name is Andri Bergsson and I'm a software developer living in Copenhagen. I am currently working at a company called Enalyzer and studying for my MSc degree at the Technical University of Denmark


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PM hails Iron Dome operators, warns Islamic Jihad
Netanyahu says Gaza terror group mistaken in thinking rocket attacks on civilians could weaken Israel's resolve, warns of merciless IDF response
by Yoav Zitun and Elior LevyPrime minister Benjamin Netanyahu commended the teams operating the Iron Dome missile defense system Wednesday, saying they had set a new standard by intercepting more than 90% of rockets launched from Gaza towards Israeli civlian population centers.
Speaking at a special cabinet meeting in Jerusalem, Netanyahu said he believed Islamic Jihad was "beginning to get the message" that Israel would defend itself.
"They understand we will continue to pound them mercilessly and that we are determined to defend ourselves," the prime minister said adding the terror group would be mistaken to expect that their rocket attacks could weaken Israel's resolve.
Netanyahu said the IDF was continuing to strike Islamic Jihad targets and accused the Gaza faction of responsibility for most of the terrorist attacks emanating from the Strip in the past year.
New Right leader Naftali Bennett, making his first statement as defense minister, said that Israel would not hesitate to strike at those who attack it.
"We are sending a clear message to our enemies on all fronts, that anyone intending to harm Israel will never be safe," he said.
At least 18 Palestinians have been killed by the IDF strikes on Gaza, officials in the Hamas-run enclave said Wednesday.
Referring to the targeted killing of on Tuesday of Baha Abu al-Ata, Bennett said the security forces had carried out an operation crucial to Israel's defense.
"This was an architect of Islamic Jihad's terror activity against Israeli civilians and he was eliminated," he said, adding that Israel would not hesitate to carry out similar operations in the future.
IDF Chief of Staff Aviv Kochavi also warned Tuesday that Israel could carry out more targeted killings.


src/app/core/services/variant-retriver.service.ts
Properties |
Methods |
constructor()
|
| createCustomSelectedOptions |
createCustomSelectedOptions()
|
|
It creates Custom selected Options extracting the options selected by user from customOptionTypesHash say user selected {tsize: 'small'} this will extract the red option from the global option types hash {'tsize': [small: {etc..}, large: {etc..}, medium: {etc..}]}
Returns :
void
|
| getVariant | |||||||||||||||
getVariant(currentSelectedOptions: any, customOptionTypesHash: any, currSelectedOption: any, product: any)
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Note: Params could have been taken in constructor due to prod-build error for constructor, currently taking params from function; TODO: fix this issue
Parameters :
Returns :
{ newSelectedoptions: any; variant: any; newCorrespondingOptions: any; }
|
| getVariantFromProduct |
getVariantFromProduct()
|
|
Gets the Varaint From the Product by using the varaintId; else returns null if not present;
Returns :
void
|
| getVariantId |
getVariantId()
|
|
Gets a Unique variantId from the selectedOptions by user by intersecting the arrays in currentvaraintIds Example: [[1,2,3,4], [1,5,6,7]] returns [1] from which we take first index so it is 1; if the array only contains [[2,3,4]] then it will return the first element i.e 2;
Returns :
void
|
| parseVariantId |
parseVariantId()
|
|
Parses Varaint Id if null then sets the first variantId in the array as the varaintId to return;
Returns :
void
|
| setCombinedVariantIds |
setCombinedVariantIds()
|
|
Makes a currentVaraintIds from the set of customSelectedOptions {'small': {OptionValue: Object, variantIds: [etc etc]}, 'red': {...}}
Returns :
void
: array of arrays of varaintIds e.g: [[1,2,3,4], [7,8,9,1]] |
| setCorrespondingOptions |
setCorrespondingOptions()
|
|
Returns :
void
|
| setCurrentSelectedOptions |
setCurrentSelectedOptions()
|
|
This sets current selected Options by user say (small, red, full-sleves) { tsize: 'small', tcolor: 'red' } if new currSelectedOptionType is tcolor and the value is blue the previous one will get overidden like { tsize: 'small', tcolor: 'red' } => { tsize: 'small', tcolor: 'blue' }
Returns :
void
|
| currentSelectedOptions |
currentSelectedOptions:
|
Type : any
|
| currentVariantIds |
currentVariantIds:
|
Type : []
|
Default value : []
|
| currSelectedOption |
currSelectedOption:
|
Type : any
|
| customOptionTypesHash |
customOptionTypesHash:
|
Type : any
|
| customSelectedOptions |
customSelectedOptions:
|
Type : object
|
Default value : {}
|
| newCorrespondingOptions |
newCorrespondingOptions:
|
Type : any
|
| product |
product:
|
Type : Product
|
| variant |
variant:
|
Type : null
|
Default value : null
|
| variantId |
variantId:
|
Type : null
|
Default value : null
|
import { element } from 'protractor';
/**
* Note: This Service has a Lot of
* Corner Cases that are not covered.
* TODO: Fix This Corrner Cases;
*/
import { Product } from './../models/product';
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
@Injectable()
export class VariantRetriverService {
customSelectedOptions = {};
currentVariantIds = [];
variantId = null;
variant = null;
currentSelectedOptions: any;
customOptionTypesHash: any;
currSelectedOption: any;
product: Product;
newCorrespondingOptions: any;
constructor() {
}
/**
* Note: Params could have been taken in constructor
* due to prod-build error for constructor,
* currently taking params from function;
* TODO: fix this issue
* @param:
* currentSelectedOptions: { tsize: "small", tcolor: "red" }
* customOptionTypesHash: {tshirt-size: Object, tshirt-color: Object}
* currSelectedOption: { key: "Small", value: Object } => One that is recently selected;
* product: Product
*/
getVariant(currentSelectedOptions: any,
customOptionTypesHash: any,
currSelectedOption: any,
product: any) {
// Set Variables
this.currentSelectedOptions = currentSelectedOptions;
this.customOptionTypesHash = customOptionTypesHash;
this.currSelectedOption = currSelectedOption;
this.product = product;
this.setCurrentSelectedOptions();
this.createCustomSelectedOptions();
this.setCombinedVariantIds();
this.getVariantId();
this.parseVariantId();
this.getVariantFromProduct();
this.setCorrespondingOptions();
return {
newSelectedoptions: this.currentSelectedOptions,
variant: this.variant,
newCorrespondingOptions: this.newCorrespondingOptions
};
}
/**
* This sets current selected Options by user say (small, red, full-sleves)
* { tsize: 'small', tcolor: 'red' }
* if new currSelectedOptionType is tcolor and the value is blue the
* previous one will get overidden
* like { tsize: 'small', tcolor: 'red' } => { tsize: 'small', tcolor: 'blue' }
*
*/
setCurrentSelectedOptions() {
const currSelectedOptionType = this.currSelectedOption.value
.optionValue
.option_type.name;
this.currentSelectedOptions[currSelectedOptionType] = this.currSelectedOption.key;
}
/**
* It creates Custom selected Options extracting the options selected by user from
* customOptionTypesHash
* say user selected {tsize: 'small'} this will extract the red option from
* the global option types hash {'tsize': [small: {etc..}, large: {etc..}, medium: {etc..}]}
*
*/
createCustomSelectedOptions() {
/**
* currentSelectedOptions: {tsize: 'small', tcolor: 'red'}
* currentSelectedOptions: {} at first.. keeps
* filling up on iteration of currentSelectedOptions
*
* this.customOptionTypesHash[key][this.currentSelectedOptions[key]] =
* { optionValue: SomeObject, varaintIds: {etc etc} }
*
*
** */
for (const key in this.currentSelectedOptions) {
if (this.currentSelectedOptions.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
this.customSelectedOptions[this.currentSelectedOptions[key]] =
this.customOptionTypesHash[key][this.currentSelectedOptions[key]];
}
};
}
/**
* Makes a currentVaraintIds from the set of customSelectedOptions
* {'small': {OptionValue: Object, variantIds: [etc etc]}, 'red': {...}}
* @return: array of arrays of varaintIds
* e.g: [[1,2,3,4], [7,8,9,1]]
*/
setCombinedVariantIds() {
let temp = [];
for (const key in this.customSelectedOptions) {
// First key may be 'small' so varaiant Ids of small should be.
// inside temp = [vIds of small];
if (this.customSelectedOptions.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
// Make temp empty for each key;
temp = [];
this.customSelectedOptions[key].variantIds.forEach((obj) => {
temp.push(Object.keys(obj)[0]);
});
this.currentVariantIds
.push(temp);
}
}
}
/**
* Gets a Unique variantId from the selectedOptions by user
* by intersecting the arrays in currentvaraintIds
* Example: [[1,2,3,4], [1,5,6,7]]
* returns [1] from which we take first index so it is 1;
* if the array only contains [[2,3,4]] then it will return
* the first element i.e 2;
*/
getVariantId() {
// As scoped variable is not accessible
// inside filter function hence the tempArr declaration;
const tempArr = this.currentVariantIds;
this.variantId = tempArr.shift().filter(function (v) {
return tempArr.every(function (a) {
return a.indexOf(v) !== -1;
});
})[0];
}
/**
* Parses Varaint Id if null then sets the first
* variantId in the array as the varaintId to return;
*/
parseVariantId() {
if (this.variantId === null || this.variantId === undefined) {
this.variantId = this.currSelectedOption.value.variantIds[0];
}
}
/**
* Gets the Varaint From the Product by using the varaintId;
* else returns null if not present;
*/
getVariantFromProduct() {
const result = this.product.variants
.filter(v => {
return v.id === this.variantId;
});
this.variant = result ? result[0] : null;
}
/**
*
*
*
* @memberof VariantRetriverService
*/
setCorrespondingOptions() {
const vIds: Array<any> = this.currSelectedOption.value.variantIds;
const newObj = {};
vIds.forEach((obj: Object) => {
for (const key in obj) {
if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
obj[key].forEach((oType: Object) => {
for (const jkey in oType) {
if (newObj[jkey] !== undefined) {
newObj[jkey].push(oType[jkey]);
} else {
newObj[jkey] = Array.of(oType[jkey]);
}
}
});
}
}
});
this.newCorrespondingOptions = newObj;
}
}


xkcd.com is best viewed with Netscape Navigator 4.0 or below on a Pentium 3±1 emulated in Javascript on an Apple IIGS at a screen resolution of 1024x1. Please enable your ad blockers, disable high-heat drying, and remove your device from Airplane Mode and set it to Boat Mode. For security reasons, please leave caps lock on while browsing.


RApiSerialize: R API Serialization
This package provides other packages with access to the internal
R serialization code. Access to this code is provided at the C function
level by using the registration of native function mechanism. Client
packages simply include a single header file RApiSerializeAPI.h provided by
this package.
This packages builds on the Rhpc package by Junji Nakano and Ei-ji Nakama
which also includes a (partial) copy of the file src/main/serialize.c from R
itself.
The R Core group is the original author of the serialization code made
available by this package.
| Version: |
0.1.0 |
| Published: |
2014-04-19 |
| Author: |
Dirk Eddelbuettel, Junji Nakano, Ei-ji Nakama, and R Core (original code) |
| Maintainer: |
Dirk Eddelbuettel <edd at debian.org> |
| License: |
GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: |
yes |
| Materials: |
README NEWS ChangeLog |
| CRAN checks: |
RApiSerialize results |
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RApiSerialize
to link to this page.


UI Customizing
Customizing VS Code
- preferences - settings on mac
-
- Top of editor has search box making it easier to search for settings
- User settings/ workspace settings
- Able to change for specific languages
- Workbenches good places to start for beginners
- Don't be afraid to play with different settings
- Keyboard shortcuts are available
- -Key properties
- -Command properties
- -When property
- Extension are available
- Need to reload to finish installation
- Managing extensions very useful
- Essential extensions
- -HTML Snippets
- -jQuery snippets
- -Beautify
- -Express web server
- -REST client
- -Check market place offer
- Snippets makes working with editor much more efficient
- User snippets able to add code in preferences
- Being able to create shortcuts _ easy to trigger
- VS Code ships with many different color themes
- More available in the marketplace
- Find one that works for you
- Very customizable


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MY BEST FRIEND'S WEDDING A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1997 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): ** 1/2
"I've got 4 days to break up a wedding, steal a bridegroom, and I have no idea how to do it," laments the gorgeous protagonist, Julianne Potter.
Nine years ago she and her "best friend" Michael O'Neal made a pact that, if they were not married by the age of 28, they would marry each other. It is three weeks until bachelor Michael's 28th birthday when he calls Julianne to invite her to his wedding. In just four days, he and Kimmy Wallace will be hitched. This starts Julianne planning diabolical schemes to come between Michael and Kimmy.
I have not met anyone who has seen Australian director P. J. Hogan's MURIEL'S WEDDING who did not fall in love with the quirky story of the dateless girl from Porpoise Spit. For his second theatrical film, Hogan has been bankrolled by Hollywood and given a big name, Julia Roberts, for the leading part of Julianne. The resulting film, MY BEST FRIEND'S WEDDING, becomes more of a star vehicle for Roberts than the second film of a talented director. Although there are many laughs, this frustrating movie has more missed opportunities than realized ones.
Ronald Bass's script has promise, but not with Julia Roberts as the lead. Her ever sweet persona covers over what should be a character with some hard edges. Her actions are never credible, and the script seems to be trying to gloss over any evil intentions on her part. Even the chemistry between herself and her putative boyfriend has little oomph.
Julianne's would-be husband Michael is played by Dermot Mulroney (KANSAS CITY). Mulroney's failing is that he is an extremely bland actor. In MY BEST FRIEND'S WEDDING, he plays a bland character, and the result is, well, bland, which does not make for particularly exciting viewing.
The actress with the most promise is Cameron Diaz as the "annoyingly perfect" Kimmy, the innocent, blond and blue-eyed, twenty-year-old daughter of a billionaire. Diaz is sadly miscast. As her brilliant and biting work in THE LAST SUPPER shows, she would have made a perfect Julianne. Granted, this would have decreased box office revenue, but it would have also decreased cost so the profit might be the same. On the other hand, Roberts could not have played Kimmy, but I suspect Hollywood could have found a truly brainless blonde for the role.
In the story, Kimmy embraces Julianne immediately. As soon as Kimmy sees her, she calls her "sister" and tells her, "I have 4 days to make you my new best friend."
To counteract Michael's white bread personality, his two would-be wives talk about his alleged faults. Besides smoking cigars in bed, "he sips soup through his teeth, but he sure can kiss," claims Kimmy.
Typical of the horrific terrors that Julianne inflicts on Kimmy is tricking her to sing at Michael's favorite karoake bar. Kimmy sings so badly that she is an instant hit with the karoake audience. Most of Julianne's other tricks similarly go awry.
The best performance is turned in by Rupert Everett (CEMETERY MAN) as Julianne's editor and friend George Downes.  Everett takes this potentially cliched part and turns it into one both strong and funny. The relationship between Julianne and George as good friends is the best and only genuine one in the picture. ("The misery, the exquisite Rita Hayworth tragedy of it all," is how George describes poor Julianne's predicament.)
The best parts of the show are the musical numbers. The opening credits have one and another occurs during a big pre-wedding banquet. Both are simply hilarious and reminiscent of MURIEL'S WEDDING.
MY BEST FRIEND'S WEDDING works best when Roberts is not on center stage. Small characters like the "sluts," Samantha (Rachel Griffiths) and Amanda (Carrie Preston), provide the biggest laughs. If Diaz had just been given the lead, this could have been an excellent second release for the director. But she wasn't.
MY BEST FRIEND'S WEDDING runs 1:45. It is rated PG-13 for one use of the F-word. The "nudity" is basically confined to Julia Roberts showing off her belly button in almost every outfit. The film would be fine for kids around ten and up. In a very close call, I am giving the film thumbs up and ** 1/2 for everyone but Roberts and Mulroney, whom I wish were never cast for their parts.
**** = A must see film. *** = Excellent show. Look for it. ** = Average movie. Kind of enjoyable. * = Poor show. Don't waste your money. 0 = Totally and painfully unbearable picture.
REVIEW WRITTEN ON: June 16, 1997
Opinions expressed are mine and not meant to reflect my employer's.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


SCREAM 2 (1997)
Starring: Neve Campbell (Sidney Prescott), Courteney Cox (Gale Weathers), David Arquette (Dewey Riley), Jamie Kennedy (Randy Meeks), Sarah Michelle Gellar (Cici Cooper), Jerry O'Connell (Derek), Liev Schreiber (Cotton Weary), Elise Neal (Hallie), Jada Pinkett (Maureen), Laurie Metcalf (Debbie Salt), Duane Martin (Joel), Timothy Olyphant (Mickey), Omar Epps (Paul Stevens)
Directed by: Wes Craven, Written by: Kevin Williamson
Rated R by the MPAA for blood and gore, strong language, and some sexual references
Reviewed by Doug Skiles
"It's a scream, baby!" Or is it?
Alright, let's talk horror flicks. Or, more specifically, horror sequels.  You, I, or anybody could write a cheesy 1980s-style horror sequel. Just remember all the key ingredients: an attractive group of horny teenagers to kill off, an unstoppable murderer, and lots of scenes where things pop out unexpectedly while accompanied by loud noises (referred to as "jump scenes" by those in the know).
Now let's talk SCREAM. It came out almost exactly one year ago, to a less-than-stellar opening weekend gross. But word of mouth spread, and in the end SCREAM made more than 100 million dollars here in the US of A. It's still praised by many overzealous teens and gen-xers as being one of the great films of our (or any) time. This basically functions to make it one of the most overrated movies of all time. It was pretty fun for what it was, which is a shocker since most horror flicks *aren't* nowadays, and the opening scene was honestly chilling (something most movies can't pull off). The comedic aspect of the film was what made it most entertaining, as it worked much better than the majority of the horror angle. It even had some great characters (Jamie Kennedy's film geek "Randy Meeks" will always be treasured). But it also had a few *major* flaws. The main character, Sidney Prescott (played by Neve Campbell) was probably the worst character in the movie.  Oh, so she didn't care about her feelings that he could be a mass murderer, she was just out to get laid?  Another problem with the movie was the KEVIN WILLIAMSON CURSE (TM), or KWC. This is the problem with pretty much all films that are thus far written by Kevin Williamson which makes it so that likable characters are often killed off and the most easy-to-hate ones (like Sidney) tend to make it to the finale. When that happens, you just stop caring. How can the supposedly tense ending be tense at all when you want the main character to just get what she deserves anyway? The KWC (tm) is apparent in various forms in SCREAM, his original treatment for HALLOWEEN 7, and now, in SCREAM 2 (I'm told by a number of sources that he did it again in I KNOW WHAT YOU DID LAST SUMMER, and once again damaged the movie by it, but since I haven't seen that movie yet, I can't be certain). It really makes you wonder what kind of friends this guy has that he feels the need to make the heros of his stories obnoxious human beings and then kills off all the nice ones. Anyway, despite all this, SCREAM was still fairly fun, especially in its references to other horror films and its attempts to do away with their old cliches, and it did leave enough of the likable people alive in the end to make it finally all add up to being about a *** film. Nothing overly special, but definitely something worth seeing.
Okay, now, let's talk SCREAM 2. Basically, you're getting more of the same here. The story is that the survivors of the first film come together along with their friends when a copycat killer appear in Sidney's college town. This happens just as "Stab," the movie based on the book that Gale Weathers (Courtney Cox) wrote about the first movie's killings, premieres (providing us with some cute in-jokes for those who saw the first one - Tori Spelling, anyone?) Overall, the comedy is actually stronger than it was in the original for about the first half of the film, but the horror (at least what there was of it) is actually somewhat lessened. There's no scene that compares to the opening of the last one that just sets your nerves on edge. In fact, characters in this movie don't simply mock horror cliches, some of them perpetuate them! For example, hasn't anyone been taught *not* to run up the stairs when you could run out the door? Didn't Sidney point out how foolish this is in the first film? Still, there are scenes that have more tension than their closest counterparts in the original had.
Now I'll be straight for a minute here. I read the script for SCREAM 2 a month or two ago, and I must admit, it was mostly pretty strong. It would've been downright excellent if not for a few things - an extreme case of the KWC (tm) and an ending which was so positively horrid that it came close to ruining the entire rest of the story. Now, in light of the movie, let's deal with these problems. This flick's been changed quite a bit. The ending is different, and I do believe it's better. But it's still not great. It's way too "Scooby-Doo." You just wait for the killer(s) to say "And I would've gotten away with it too, if not for you meddling kids!" or something to that effect. Anyway, because the ending is different, many scenes earlier in the film had to be altered, and some of the more dramatic ones seem less tense than they were in the script. However, if you want to view these scenes in light of *only* the movie itself, which is probably the smart way to go, then these two or maybe three scenes still do have tension and are still moderately strong in that sense. Okay folks. Now let's deal with the KWC...
I'm getting worried about Williamson. He comes close to making SCREAM and SCREAM 2 into being almost *great* movies, but this KWC (tm) causes severe damage. It really kills him. It's what sucks him down from making "films" or "movies" to making "flicks." Somebody's got to teach this guy to have some common sense. SCREAM 2 has got the worst case of KWC (tm) that I could've imagined. He manages to kill off the one character who was probably *THE* most likable one in the movie, a character who could've stuck with the viewers and loved for years to come if not for this act of pure idiocy. What purpose does it serve? I supposed you might be able to argue that it makes the later tense scenes more effective, giving the viewer a feeling of "well if they killed that person off, anyone could be next!" But that just doesn't cut it. The audience on opening night where I saw it here in St. Louis didn't exactly feel the tension. The reaction was primarily a large collection of profanity from the primarily late teens/early 20s group. Shouts like "What is THAT s---?!", "F--- YOU, CRAVEN!!!"  were rather common. Well, at least you can say that Williamson *did* get an emotional reaction from his audience. But, for God's sake man, do you think that *now* you'll learn that people don't want to see their favorite character bite it?
Well once this character died, the humor in the movie just about died with him/her. Comedic moments got kind of rare without his/her jokes and insights. There were occasional ones, but just not as many and certainly not as good as you got from him/her. The greatest moment of humor after that came when the killer(s) was/were revealed. Can you say cheesy? When the audience saw who was responsible for our little trip into flick-land, the initial response was widespread laughter. I've checked on the reaction at other showings in other theaters, and it was pretty much the same. At my own showing, shouts once again came out of the crowd, like "I don't even know who the F--- THAT IS!!!" and "It's SCOOBY-F---ING-DOO!!!" Yes, I feel that the choice for who the killer(s) was/were was a pretty goofy one. And yet, it was certainly better than the choice(s) in the original script, by quite a lot. And of course, this final scene is also not exactly tense, since we don't care much about these characters.
Overall, I think that the ending and the KWC (tm), along with the loss in comedic quality as a result of that KWC act, knocks this film down to a level below the original. Neither is an excellent film in any sense - these are glorified B movies people, pure and simple. But the first was probably the more fun. At least Sidney doesn't do anything as bad in this movie as what she did in the first movie, but the thing is, she just plain *doesn't do much* anyway. We don't get that much of an insight into her character. The closest we get is seeing that she tries to remain strong despite what's going on again around her (ultimately, she basically fails). Sidney does get one of the (unintentionally) funnier scenes though, when her college acting coach (she's a drama major it seems) tells her what a good actress she is, prompting Neve Campbell to do a bit of... questionable acting which the professor actually approves of. This was another scene that got a good amount of laughs at the showing I attended on opening night.
Overall, I guess SCREAM 2 will be enjoyed by those who liked the original. It's moderately close to the first one in quality, despite its glaring flaws. In a world where horror movies and particularly horror sequels suck, this is certainly above most sequels in the genre. Still, the comedy aspects of both these movies is stronger than its horror angle. Perhaps the third and (hopefully) final installment can emphasize the humor more? And maybe Kevin Williamson can prove to us that he's not a hack by fighting off his curse. In the end, SCREAM 2 is fun for those who attend who like these kinds of movies, like the original, or just attend a crowded screening with people who aren't afraid to voice their opinions. If you didn't care for the first one or can't see it with many people... well, you're probably better off checking out the latest exploits of Ellen Ripley or James Bond to get your sequel fix.
Oh, my new rating system (which hopefully will work) just rates a movie based on its overall quality (expectations no longer factor in). It's purely star based, with four stars most likely being the higest (I might make it go to five someday if I change my mind) and zero beings the lowest. That being said, I give SCREAM 2...
RATING: **1/2
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RhoGallery – The Enterprise App Store
The best product ideas always come from customers. As an open source company, we’ve always had the advantage of a community of tens of thousands of Rhodes developers to help provide feedback on product direction as well as contributions to the product. This community helped to spur creation of RhoHub, the first Development as a Service for mobile.
Our RhoHub community also has been asking for some solution to how to install and manage the plethora of apps that RhoHub enables. We initially tried to refer this opportunity to existing players in this space (“mobile app management” has been around for a while). But the feedback that we got was that those existing mobile app management products were far too expensive, difficult to deploy and difficult to use. “Give us the lightweight model and inexpensive monthly billing that you have for RhoHub” we heard you say.
So we’ve spent the last several months hard at work on building a new product in this space: the first hosted SaaS mobile app management solution. Yesterday we unveiled RhoGallery as a new service available on RhoHub in Beta form. RhoGallery lets administrators manage the set of apps exposed to their users (whether those apps were written with Rhodes or not). And makes it easy for them to get mobile apps onto their devices. It gives users a single place to launch all of their important enterprise apps from. RhoGallery consists of a management console for “galleries” on RhoHub. And a RhoGallery app that users load onto their devices. That app is then used by those user to install (the first time) and subsequently launch their important apps. Even for an individual developer with one or a few apps, RhoGallery makes it easy to expose those apps to their users. RhoGallery handles inviting the users and determining the appropriate downloads to provide them.
RhoGallery provides:
- administrator management of exposed apps to end users
- central user launching of the apps that they need from one place
- automatic provisioning of appropriate apps for end users
To get started, create a Gallery and upload or link to one or more apps. For each app upload one or more builds for various smartphones. These can be from:
- local files that you have available (.apk files for Android, .cod/.jad files for BlackBerry, .cab files for Windows Mobile, .ipa/.plist files for iOS)
- from RhoHub builds that you have made
- from some external remote URL (note that they do not have to have been built with Rhodes or even built by your own enterprise).
Now invite some Consumers (a term to refer to “end users” or “enterprise workers”) to that Gallery. Those “consumers” or users will then receive SMSes or emails with a link to install the RhoGallery app. After installing they can then download the apps to their device. RhoGallery is included with each RhoHub subscription level (e.g. $99 per month for 100 devices, and $499 for 1000 devices).
Please give RhoGallery a try and give us your feedback. We will have a few months of Beta as we incorporate your suggestions and then launch the product formally towards the end of the year.


fun getRootParent(personId: Int): Person
Returns the root Person of a tree containing a person with personId.
N.B. there can be numerous possible roots, but only one will be returned here.
See Also
getParents


| Home | Running Vision | Interfaces | Vision Language |
Several variations of the print message are defined at Object including:
| Message | Definition |
| Prints recipient object's value using default for class. | |
| printNL | Prints recipient object's value using default for class followed by a new line. |
| print: fmt | Prints recipient object's value using supplied format. |
| printNL: fmt | Prints recipient object's value using supplied format followed by a new line. |
| printWithCommas: fmt | Prints recipient object's value using supplied format, inserting commas where appropriate if the recipient is a number. |
| printWithCommasNL:fmt | Prints recipient object's value using supplied format, inserting commas where appropriate, followed by a new line. |
By default, the print message displays the name of the object's class. Many classes redefine the print message. The Ordinal subclasses all print the value of the recipient object instead of the name of the class. The Entity subclasses all print the value of the object's code property by default. The print: message provides the user with control over the printing format. The interpretation of the supplied parameter depends on the recipient's class.
The following rules apply to String objects:
For example:
| Expression | Returns |
| "xyz" print: 1 | x |
| "xyz" print: 2 | xy |
| "xyz" print: 3 | xyz |
| "xyz" print: 4 | xyz# |
| "xyz" print: -4 | #xyz |
where the # indicates a blank.
The following rules apply to Integer objects:
For example:
| Expression | Returns |
| 3 print: 10 | #########3 |
| 3 print: -10 | 3######### |
| 3 print: 2 | #3 |
| 300 print: 2 | ** |
| 3000 printWithCommas: 5 | 3,000 |
| 30000 print: 5 | ***** |
where the # indicates a blank.
The following rules apply to Double and Float objects:
For example:
| Expression | Returns |
| 3.333 print: 8.1 | #####3.3 |
| 3.333 print: 8.3 | ###3.333 |
| 3.333 print: 8.5 | #3.33300 |
| 3.333 print: -8.5 | 3.33300# |
where the # indicates a blank.
The following rules apply to Date objects:
Possible widths and their related formats for displaying the date March 5, 1990 are summarized below:
| Width | Format | Formats To |
| 5 | MM/YY | #3/90 |
| 6 | MM/YY# | 03/90# |
| 7 | MM/YY## | 03/90## |
| 8 | MM/DD/YY | 03/05/90 |
| 9 | MM/DD/YY# | 03/05/90# |
| 10 | MM/DD/YYYY | 03/05/1990 |
| 11 | MM/DD/YYYY# | 03/05/1990# |
| -11 | #MM/DD/YYYY | #03/05/1990 |
The following rules apply to the NA object:
The print messages can be redefined as needed by a class. By convention, these messages are usually defined to return the recipient object (i.e., ^self) after performing the print. As a rule, only the print and print: messages need to be redefined. Since printNL is defined at Object to run the object's print message followed by printing a new line, it should not be necessary to redefine this message when you redefine print. For example:
Entity defineMethod: [ | print | code print ; ^self ] ; Entity defineMethod: [ | print: f | code print: f ; ^self ] ;You can also define new variations of the print messages. For example, you could define printBar: to do a formatted print followed by a vertical bar character using:
Object defineMethod: [ | printBar: f | ^self print: f ; "|" print ; ^self ] ;
Many messages have been defined at the class String that aid in formatting your output. The messages take:, drop:, from:to:, from:for:, from:, and to: are used to extract a substring of the recipient string. The message concat: appends the supplied string to the end of the recipient string. For example:
"This is a very long string" take: 8 . concat: "shorter" .returns the string "This is shorter".
The messages center: and centerNL: are used to center the recipient string in the supplied width. For example:
"This is a very long string" take: 8 . concat: "shorter" . center: 80 . printNL ;centers the string "This is shorter" over 80 columns and print it.
The messages fill: and pad: are used to return a string containing the supplied number of characters. If the recipient string count is less than the parameter, the fill: message will repeat the characters in the recipient until a string of the specified length is formed. If the recipient string count is less than the parameter, the pad: message will pad the recipient with blanks. For example:
"=" fill: 5 . concat: ">" . pad: 10returns the string "=====>    ".
As you have seen, there are a number of useful formatting messages defined at the class String. You can convert an object into a string by sending it the asString message which returns the result of sending the print message to the object as a string. For example:
^today asString center: 80 . print ;converts the current date to a string, then centers and prints it.
The divertOutput message provides a general purpose way to create strings. Defined at the class Block, this message is designed to divert any print messages used in the block and returns a single string containing this output. For example, the program:
!x <- 2 + 2 ; "The answer is: " print ; x printNL ;prints the string followed by the value. If you wanted to center this entire output, you could use divertOutput to capture the results first:
[ !x <- 2 + 2 ; "The answer is: " print ; x print ; ] divertOutput center: 80 . print ;
Several messages have been defined to convert dates into strings using different date formats:
| Expression | Returns String |
| 960305 asDate formatUsingLongName | March 5, 1996 |
| 960305 asDate formatUsingShortName | _5-Mar-1996 |
| 960305 asDate formatUsingMMDD | 03/05 |
| 960305 asDate formatUsingMMDDYY | 03/05/96 |
| 960305 asDate formatUsingMMDDYYYY | 03/05/1996 |
For example, to center the current date formatted using its long name, you could use the expression:
^today formatUsingLongName center: 80 . print ;
The messages substituteOutputOf: and appendOutputOf: are defined at the class String to allow you to create/overwrite a file or append output to an existing file. The recipient string provides the filename. The parameter to these messages should be a block. All print statements encountered in the block are printed to the file instead of your standard output device. For example, the expression:
"myFile" appendOutputOf: [ "First 10 Squares" centerNL: 20 . print ; 10 sequence do: [ !currentNumber <- ^self ; currentNumber print: 10 ; currentNumber * currentNumber printNL: 10 ; ] ; ] ;creates a table of the first 10 integers and their squares and appends this output to the end of the file myFile. No output will be displayed on your standard output device.
The message filterOutputOf: can be used to submit the output from a Vision request to another program. This message is sent to a string containing the name of the operating system level command or program to run. The parameter is a block. Any printing performed within the block is sent to the external program as standard input. Any output generating by the external program is returned and printed by default. For example, suppose you wanted to use the Unix utility grep to select the numbers in the first 1000 integers that contain the digits 10. You could use the expression:
"grep 10" filterOutputOf: [ 1000 sequence do: [ printNL ] ; ] ;The results are displayed on your output device. The expression:
!result <- [ "grep 10" filterOutputOf: [ 1000 sequence do: [ printNL ] ] ; ] divertOutput ;can be used to capture the result a string.
The message formatForExcel can be sent to a block and generates tab-delimited output suitable for loading into Excel and other many other packages. The message returns a string. Any print statement encountered while executing this block will be followed by a tab character. For example:
[ 100 sequence do: [ print ; (^self + 1 ) asInteger print ; (^self * 2 ) asInteger printNL ; ] ] formatForExcel print ;To save these results to an output file named myFile use:
"myFile" substituteOutputOf: [ [ 100 sequence do: [ print ; (^self + 1 ) asInteger print ; (^self * 2 ) asInteger printNL ; ] ] formatForExcel print ; ] ;The formatForExcel message uses the divertDelimitedOutput message to mark the spots in the output where printing has occurred. Each print statement encountered while evaluating the block will be followed by the octal 377 character, returning the result as a string. This character can be translated into any other character using the translate:to: message. For example:
#-- capture output delimited by octal 377 character !output <- [ 100 sequence do: [ print ; (^self + 1 ) asInteger print ; (^self * 2 ) asInteger printNL ; ] ] divertDelimitedOutput ; #-- convert character into | and print !delimiter <- "\377" ; #- must be actual octal character output translate: delimiter to: "|" . print ;
| Copyright © 1997 Innovative Systems Techniques, Inc. | Updated June 19, 1997 |


Cancellation
- As a general rule you shall not be entitled to cancel your appointment once you have received confirmation of the same.
- We reserve the sole right to cancel your appointment in the following circumstance:
- failure to contact you by phone or email at the time of confirming the appointment details,
- unavailability of doctor requested by you at the time of appointment, or
- failure due to reasons beyond our control.
Refunds
- You shall be entitled to a refund only if you pre-pay for your appointment at the time of requesting for appointment and only in any of the following circumstances:
- Us cancelling your order due to (A)failure to contact you by phone or email at the time of confirming the appointment details and
- unavailability of doctor requested by you at the time of appointment.(C) failure due to reasons beyond our control.
- Our decision on refunds shall be at our sole discretion and shall be final and binding.
- Refunds for cancelled appointment are done through an instant credit to your account.


Taxhouse is taking care of business during taxes. As Australia’s leading taxation experts, we’re on top of every tax change that can shape up your small business. Let us take tax time off your desk, so you can get on with business. If your business is set up as a sole trader or partnership, we can help you.
For small business owners, we’re much more than your one stop tax shop. We offer additional services to keep your finances smooth. Beyond small business tax returns, we can help you control your cash flow with professional bookkeeping and BAS services. We can help you maximise the $20,000 instant asset write off for small businesses. Our range of services are aimed at managing your money all year round.
* Prices may vary by office location & terms and conditions apply
If we’ve made an error that entitles you to a larger refund, we'll refund your preparation fee and file an amendment with the ATO, up to 2 years after original notice of assessment. We’ve have to make sure that we catch up with all the claims to get you ahead.
Our year-round support means we’re fascinated by numbers both at tax time and beyond. We’re present 365 days to ensure we can do better for your business by adjusting to the changes in the small business landscape with tax-saving tips, amendments and more.
Being a business owner means your funds are already allocated without much to give. Before preparing your return, we'll tell you exactly how much it's going to cost; no added extras. The best part is our fees are tax deductible.
We do everything we can to get to know your business so we can make sure we include all the offsets and deductions you deserve. If our services fall short , simply stop us from lodging your return at no cost to you.
Let us help you turn your business idea into a reality.
If you have a good idea for a new business venture but don't have expertise in the legal or financial aspects of creating a new business, we can help you:
Depending upon the nature of the business, you may opt for business registration. We will help you get the Australian Business Number (ABN), AUSkey and tax registration.
We help you reg ister for goods and services tax (GST) if you run a business or non-profit organisation based upon the GST turnover threshold.
We help you with registeration for Pay as you go (PAYG) withholding. You may need to register for fringe benefits tax if you provide fringe benefits. You will have to pay super for your eligible employees but you don't need to register for super.
We recommend you to register for Fringe benefits tax as soon as you decide to provide benefits to your employees.
As a registered BAS agent we provide business activity statement services (BAS services) such as giving taxpayers advice about their obligations under a BAS provision, preparing and lodging approved forms about a taxpayer's liabilities, obligations or entitlements under a BAS provision, transacting with the ATO on behalf of a taxpayer in relation to the taxpayer's obligations under a BAS provision.
As a business you use an activity statement to:
We prepare BAS personalised to each business or individual. We make activity statements to report and pay a number of tax obligations, including GST, pay as you go (PAYG) instalments, PAYG withholding and fringe benefits tax. We also help individuals who need to pay quarterly PAYG instalments also use activity statements. We help you lodge BAS on time before the due date to avaoid interest and penalties.
Our services are customized to fit the needs of our clients and their budgets. We have cost effective, monthly and hourly rate pricing packages available. Whether you're looking for a turnkey outsourced Bookkeeping department, on-call full services for bookkeeping to help or anything else, we'll provide the customized accounting services you need without the overhead of a regular employee or the hourly rates of a firm.
We look after your invoicing, paying and record-keeping. Some of common business activities, we perform are:
We provide a range of accounting services for our clients and take the responsibility for tasks and functions such as:
As a business owner you will have to fill the important role as bookkeeper. While bookkeeping is a statutory requirement, knowing your numbers is a critical part of running a successful business. In fact, up to date records lets you make informed business decisions and do year-end tax planning.
Your choice of accounting software is a very important decision and the software is one of the foundation stones in your business 'wall'. When it comes to accounting software, one size certainly doesn't fit all businesses. When recommending the most appropriate accounting software program for clients we always address these three key questions:
As such, your choice of accounting software will depend on your business needs and level of accounting skill. For this reason we support a number of programs including Cashflow Manager, MYOB, Reckon (QuickBooks) and the cloud based solutions Xero (pronounced zero) and Saasu.
All too often we inherit clients who are using the wrong software in their business. This creates frustration and additional costs ,for that reason, we also offer you training to use the software of choice.
In some instances you might be too busy to juggle the bookkeeping function so we also offer you a full bookkeeping service. We can handle the record keeping so you can spend more time working ON your business and your marketing. Alternatively, if you happen to appoint an external bookkeeper we are happy to liaise and work with them.
We keep your business records by law generally for a period of five years after they are prepared, obtained or the transaction is completed, whichever occurs latest and in a form that we can access and understand in order to work out the tax our clients are liable to pay.
By keeping your records, we can help you achieve the following:
Some records may need to be kept for longer periods, such as records relating to capital gains tax events. However, shorter record keeping periods apply for some records of individual clients with simple tax affairs.
We believe clients not only want to grow their business but they also want to grow their wealth and protect their assets. Tax planning is central to increase your money and our strategic alliance with a leading financial planning group, we can service your needs.
We give advice and services on all tax and super issues, including lodging your tax returns. We provide advice and services on the following tax and super issues:


LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: There is no legal pot industry
by THE WASHINGTON TIMESANALYSIS/OPINION:
I believe that Matthew Adams is a little bit confused (“Congress can fix legal marijuana business banking problem,” Web, Nov. 14). He writes, “Businesses in the legal marijuana industry ” in one sentence and then follows it soon after with ” the federal government still has anti-cannabis laws on the books.” So in point of fact, according to federal law (the Controlled Substances Act), there is no “legal marijuana industry” — despite liberal efforts to confuse the American public on the issue.
People who are confused enough to believe there is a legal marijuana industry might also be confused enough to believe that there are legal “sanctuary cities.” Didn’t I read somewhere that marijuana use can cause mental confusion? Just sayin’.
THOMAS E. STICKFORD
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Issue 56
Welcome to another issue of Haskell Weekly! Haskell is a purely functional programming language that focuses on robustness, concision, and correctness. This is a weekly summary of what’s going on in its community.
-
We are happy to announce the 15 projects accepted for Summer of Haskell 2017 and that the community bonding period has begun.
-
As programmers we occasionally find ourselves in “Programmer’s Hell”, where our regular abstractions fail to satisfactory solve certain recurrent problems. In this post we’ll have a look at some instances of such situations, their “ad hoc” solutions provided at the language level, and finally at how these problems can be solved in a uniform way using monads.
-
Cross compiling Template Haskell
As laid out yesterday, there are some interesting questions pertaining to Template Haskell and cross compilation. Today we will put all the pieces together and cross compile Template Haskell to our Raspberry Pi with file and process IO!
-
Type class patterns and anti-patterns
In a prior post I wrote about how type class instance selection worked. To help get a sense of good type class design, I want to walk through a type class pattern and a related type class anti-pattern.
-
Numbers of every shape and size
Last week we explored the many different string types in Haskell. But this isn’t the only situation where we seem to have an abundance of similar types. We can also see this in Haskell’s numeric types. Again, we have the issue that we often want to represent numbers in slightly different ways.
-
Discovering continuations with typed holes
If you haven’t encountered them before, typed holes are a feature where you put one or more variables starting with
_
on the right hand side of a definition to get GHC to tell you the type of the value that fits in that hole, and you can narrow the hole as necessary to get the type of a subexpression until you have enough information to complete the definition. -
I have been using Servant for about two years now. I really like it. It’s easy to use and type-safe. If I need to write a JSON API in Haskell, Servant is almost always my first choice. However, one thing I have always wanted is an easy way to handle errors in my server handlers.
-
Eta is a fork of GHC which provides Haskell with a JVM backend. I’ve been working on it recently and did a presentation on it at LambdaJam. One of the questions from my presentation was “since Eta takes Haskell and produces JVM code, can I use it to write Android apps?” I had a feeling Eta was close to being able to. It turns out it’s not just close, it’s pretty easy!
-
What are the important Haskell libraries that are no longer maintained?
Of course open source work is all volunteer and I’m grateful for whatever the authors choose to do, but we may want to consider which packages are languishing and need new maintainers to help.
Package of the week
This week’s package of the week is Amazonka, a comprehensive Amazon Web Services (AWS) SDK.


{% extends "generic.html" %} {% block header %} {{ entry.title }} {% endblock %} {% load static %} {% if error_message %}
{{ error_message }}
{% endif %} {% block content %}This entry describes ways to prepare client and server streaming applications using VLC and gst-launch.


Inner JoinThis is the simplest, most understood Join and is the most common. This query will return all of the records in the left table (table A) that have a matching record in the right table (table B). This Join is written as follows:
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Left JoinThis query will return all of the records in the left table (table A) regardless if any of those records have a match in the right table (table B). It will also return any matching records from the right table. This Join is written as follows:
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Right JoinThis query will return all of the records in the right table (table B) regardless if any of those records have a match in the left table (table A). It will also return any matching records from the left table. This Join is written as follows:
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Outer JoinThis Join can also be referred to as a FULL OUTER JOIN or a FULL JOIN. This query will return all of the records from both tables, joining records from the left table (table A) that match records from the right table (table B). This Join is written as follows:
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Left Excluding JOINThis query will return all of the records in the left table (table A) that do not match any records in the right table (table B). This Join is written as follows:
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Right Excluding JOINThis query will return all of the records in the right table (table B) that do not match any records in the left table (table A). This Join is written as follows:
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Outer Excluding JOINThis query will return all of the records in the left table (table A) and all of the records in the right table (table B) that do not match. I have yet to have a need for using this type of Join, but all of the others, I use quite frequently. This Join is written as follows:
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EXCLUSIVE: Quando Rondo on Being in Juvenile Detention from 11 to 16, Mom on Drugs
by VladTVIn this clip, Quando Rondo opened up about the tumultuous experiences he endured dealing with both his biological and adopted mothers.


Parallax is an effect where the background is moved at a different speed than the foreground content while scrolling.
to apply the parallax effect on a block element add class parallax-bg with attribute data-src for the background image url.
scroll down to see the effect and the code.

to make A video background create a container with class video-bg then put your HTML5 Video Code inside of it.

<video poster="images/poster.jpg" autoplay loop>
<source src="images/bg.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>


Contains classes for managing context state, and also context history, even though the latter is deprecated (not used).


Semantic Web: Mining Knowledge from the Web
Raghava Mutharaju
Knowledgeable Computing and Reasoning Lab
IIIT-Delhi
About Myself
Work Experience and Education
Assistant Professor (CSE), IIIT-D
Research Scientist, GE Research Center, New York
Internships at IBM Research, Bell Labs, Xerox Research, Stardog
Software Engineer, CA Technologies, Hyderabad
PhD from Wright State University
M.Tech from MNNIT, Allahabad
B.Tech from JNTU, Hyderabad
Research Interests
Semantic Web
Ontology Modelling
Ontology Reasoning
Knowledge Graphs
SPARQL Query Processing
Big Data
IoT
Introduction
Image source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam
Who was the president of India who was also a scientist?
Who was the scientist who worked at DRDO and was a Bharat Ratna?
Who was the president of India with an aerospace engineering background?
Name the person that worked at DRDO and ISRO and was called the “People’s President”?
Who was the Bharat Ratna holder from rameswaram?
Humans
can read the text
can understand the text
can make inferences based on the text
can answer the questions
Machines
can read the text
cannot understand the text
cannot make any inferences
may answer some of the questions
Knowledge Graph
Knowledge Graph involving Abdul Kalam
Knowledge Graph
Capture the knowledge in a structured form
Machine processable
Inferences can be drawn
KG can be linked to other related KGs
Presidents of India
Books written by presidents
Details of DRDO and ISRO
Machines have better chance to answer questions using KGs
Knowledge Graph
Knowledge Graph involving Abdul Kalam
Domain(born in, Person) Range(born in, Place) Range(worked at, Organization)
Knowledge Graph
Expanded Knowledge Graph involving Abdul Kalam
Google's knowledge card for Abdul Kalam
Knowledge Graph
Image source:
https://goo.gl/S2F3mH
Semantic Web
Purpose is to provide structure to the Web and to the data in general
Move from web of documents to web of data
Proposed by Tim-Berners Lee in 1999
Semantic Web technologies and W3C standards
RDF (Resource Description Framework)
OWL (Web Ontology Language)
SPARQL (query language)
SHACL (Shapes Constraint Language)
Image source:
https://lod-cloud.net/
RDF
Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a data model that is used to describe resources
Physical things
Abstract concepts
Numbers and strings
We use the term resource and entity synonymously here
It is a universal, machine readable data exchange format
Resources are described using triples (subject, predicate, object)
A triple captures the relationship (predicate) between a subject and an object
<Delhi> <capitalOf> <India>
RDF triple is called a RDF Statement
Triple can be represented as a directed labelled graph
Image source:
https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/rdf-graph.svg
Image source:
http://www.obitko.com/tutorials/ontologies-semantic-web/rdf-graph-and-syntax.html
Mining Knowledge
Image source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam
Knowledge Graph Construction
Manual
Good quality KG (entities and relations)
Not scalable
Automatic
Quality unpredictable, but generally not good
Scalable: large amount of text, any domain
Automatic Knowledge Graph Construction
Steps
Parts of speech tagging
Identify nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.
Dependency parsing
Recognize the syntactic structure of the sentence along with the dependencies among the words
Named Entity Recognition
Identify person, location, organization, etc.
Automatic Knowledge Graph Construction
Steps
Coreference resolution
All words that refer to the same entity (I, we, he, she, it)
Entity resolution and linking
Uniquely identify entities that refer to the same entity
Obama, Barack Obama, President, Paris, Amazon
Information extraction
Define the domain (high level concepts and relations)
Learn extractors/templates
Rank/score the candidate facts
Automatic Knowledge Graph Construction
Existing OpenIE Systems
OpenIE 5.0
FRED
ClausIE
MinIE
Demo
List of papers/code/data
https://github.com/gkiril/oie-resources
Challenges
Large scale benchmark for all the OpenIE systems. Results should be reproducible.
OpenIE systems for non-English languages
Handle all types of sentences from different domains
Long/short sentences, with clauses, numerical values, etc.
Semantic Web: Mining Knowledge from the Web
Conclusion
In order for the machines to understand and make sense of the data, it has to be in a structured form
Knowledge can be captured and (machine) processed if it is in the form of Knowledge Graphs
Automatically building Knowledge Graphs is hard
Quality of the triples is not good
Some of the open challenges were discussed


Encryption is used to protect sensitive data against unauthorized access. Additional mechanisms are needed to protect the corresponding cryptographic key. In this case protection means protection against misusage as well as protection against loss of the key. One possibility for secure storing of cryptographic keys is the Secret Sharing.
All Secret Sharing methods are based on the same principle. One secret (the key) is divided into several parts. Thereby the number of shares usually is the same as the number of instances (participants) which are involved to the particular method. Only with a in the run-up defined number of shares the secret is recoverable. Single shares are not providing information.
Because the number of shares is also named threshold, Secret Sharing methods are often called threshold methods.
Every Secret Sharing scheme is based on the "dealer" and the "combiner". Strictly speaking these are two algorithms. The task of the dealer is the calculation of the shares and the transmission to the participants. Normally the dealer is a trustful third party who is not directly participating in the scheme. On the other hand the combiner could be one single participant or the entirety of all participants. With the shares of the single participants it calculates the secret in the course of reconstruction.
On the one hand Secret Sharing could be used for distributed storing of sensitive data. On the other hand the recombining of the shares could be used for activating critical actions. Then instead of dividing one secret to serveral persons, the control of an action is divided.
The most known Secret Sharing method is the (t, n) threshold scheme according to Shamir. This method is visualized in the Secret Sharing Demonstration dialog.
Example for a Secret Sharing Scheme:
The secret recipe of a new sort of ice cream is locked in a safe. The key is divided up to ten employees of the company, so that no single one could take the bait to take it out of the safe and sell it to a competitor for a lot of money. At least seven employees have to enter their part of the key to open the safe and get the recipe.


Grab a seat and hunker down...
This website was written with Python (Django) and is hosted on PythonAnywhere. Host a site for free using my referral link: https://www.pythonanywhere.com/?affiliate_id=001b8fbb
SEE YOU SPACE COWBOY...
{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load static %} {% block top-home %} w3-black {% endblock %} {% block side-home %} w3-black {% endblock %} {% block header %} Coding / Gaming / Pop Culture {% endblock %} {% block content %}
This website was written with Python (Django) and is hosted on PythonAnywhere. Host a site for free using my referral link: https://www.pythonanywhere.com/?affiliate_id=001b8fbb
SEE YOU SPACE COWBOY...


About HackClub
HackClub is a global community of hackers. It is an initiative for students by students. It is a platform that lets you try, break and recreate. After all, you can’t flutter without trembling. With HackClub you get access to a super awesome community of creative, cheerful, and keen students that will help you to share, learn, grow and develop.
HackClub RAIT
HackClub RAIT is here to help you hack! here we don’t mean to hack into people's bank account but to be creative and solve real-world problems.
In case you haven’t contributed to open-source if you're anxious about it? Well, now you don’t have to worry much about it cause HackClub RAIT is here to focus essentially on open-source.
Vision
Our aim is to flourish
the thrilling open-source culture
to create a favorable environment for
open-source contributions.
Let’s come together and learn, interact, and grow. 💻


Aplikasi Mobile
People want to access business information, download music, play games, share media and content, watch streaming video, use GPS navigation
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We have always designed our engagements models for the business by treating every customer as unique entity, and by understanding their needs and wants. Our project effectiveness method includes key factors like controlled pricing and quality services. We always emphasized on delivery high quality and advanced solution with compressive support services to privilege customers.
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India-Bound Citroen C5 Aircross SUV Gets Plug-in Hybrid Version – Details
by Sahil KukrejaThe Citroen C5 Aircross to launch in India in 2020 rivalling Jeep Compass and Honda CR-V, likely to be priced From Rs. 19 Lakh
Launched in 2017, C5 Aircross is a compact crossover SUV made by the French carmaker, Citroen. Now, the manufacturer is offering a hybrid powertrain with the car, which will hit the markets somewhere around mid-2020.
Citroen earlier confirmed in a statement that it aims to electrify its entire lineup by 2025. Hence it might not sound like a big deal at first, but this could be Citroen’s first step towards achieving that goal.
Differentiating the C5 Aircross hybrid from the regular C5 Aircross is a pretty easy job, considering all the blue exterior accents Citroen has loaded it with. It also gets a ‘hyrbid’ logo on the tailgate, and a blue coloured ‘h’ on the front fenders. The C5 Aircross features a fuel door to its right, however the hybrid version gets a charging flap on the left of the car.
The C5 Aircross hybrid comes equipped with a 1.6-litre four-cylinder turbocharged IC engine, paired to 80 kW electric motor. It makes a combined maximum power of 222 HP and a 320 Nm peak torque, and the engine is mated to an 8-speed automatic transmission.
Citroen also offers a 13.2 kWh battery packed under the rear seats, which give the car an additional 50 km or 31 miles of range, in full electric mode. The car can reach upto the speeds of 135 kmph (84 mph) on the fully electric mode alone, and it takes around 2 hours to fully charge the battery via a 7.4 kW wall box charger.
Inside the cabin, the PHEV gets an 8-inch touchscreen infotainment system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto connectivity, along with a larger 12.3-inch digital instrument cluster. The center console also houses the mode selector, which can be chosen between 100% Electric, Hybrid and Sport.
Citroen has already started taking bookings for the C5 Aircross Hybrid in Europe, and the PHEV crossover costs 39,950 Euro, which is around Rs 31.41 lakh. However, as mentioned earlier, the deliveries will only start to begin next year.


Chapter 5 Matrix Basics
5.1 Laws of Matrix Algebra
Go back to fan’s MEconTools Package, Matlab Code Examples Repository (bookdown site), or Math for Econ with Matlab Repository (bookdown site).
5.1.1 6 Old Rules, 5 Still Apply
We had associative, commutative and distributive laws for scalar algebra, we can think of them as the six bullet points below. Only the multiplicative-commutative law no longer works for matrix, the other rules work for matrix as well as scalar algebra.
Associative laws work as in scalar algebra for matrix
\(\displaystyle (A+B)+C=A+(B+C)\)
\(\displaystyle (A\cdot B)\cdot C=A\cdot (B\cdot C)\)
Commutative Law works as well for addition
\(\displaystyle A+B=B+A\)
with scalars, we know \(3\cdot 4=4\cdot 3\), but commutative law for matrix multiplication does not work, Matrix \(A\cdot B\not= B\cdot A\). The matrix dimensions might not even match up for multiplication. (see below for examples)
And Distributive Law still applies to matrix
\(\displaystyle A\cdot (B+C)=A\cdot B+A\cdot C\)
\(\displaystyle (B+C)\cdot A=B\cdot A+C\cdot A\)
5.1.2 Example for \(A\cdot B\not= B\cdot A\)
% Non-Square
A = rand(2,3)
A = 2x3
0.6959 0.6385 0.0688
0.6999 0.0336 0.3196
B = rand(3,4)
B = 3x4
0.5309 0.8200 0.5313 0.6110
0.6544 0.7184 0.3251 0.7788
0.4076 0.9686 0.1056 0.4235
% This is OK
disp(A*B)
0.8154 1.0960 0.5847 0.9516
0.5238 0.9076 0.4166 0.5891
% This does not work
try
B*A
catch ME
disp('does not work! Dimension mismatch')
end
does not work! Dimension mismatch
% Square
A = rand(3,3)
A = 3x3
0.0908 0.2810 0.4574
0.2665 0.4401 0.8754
0.1537 0.5271 0.5181
B = rand(3,3)
B = 3x3
0.9436 0.2407 0.6718
0.6377 0.6761 0.6951
0.9577 0.2891 0.0680
% This is OK
A*B
ans = 3x3
0.7030 0.3441 0.2875
1.3704 0.6147 0.5445
0.9773 0.5431 0.5049
% This works, but result differs from A*B
B*A
ans = 3x3
0.2531 0.7252 0.9904
0.3449 0.8432 1.2437
0.1745 0.4322 0.7263
5.1.3 4 New Rules for Transpose
In scalar algebra, transpose does not make sense. Given matrix \(A\), \(A^T\) is the transpose matrix of \(A\) where each row of \(A\) becomes columns in \(A^T\). If \(A\) is \(M\) by \(N\), then \(A^T\) is \(N\) by \(M\).
Given matrix \(A\) and scalar value \(r\):
1: \((r\cdot A)^T =r\cdot A^T\)
2: \((A^T )^T =A\)
3: \((A+B)^T =A^T +B^T\)
4: \((A\cdot B)^T =B^T \cdot A^T\)
For the 4th rule, suppose matrix \(A\) is has \(L\) rows and \(M\) columns, and the matrix \(B\) has \(M\) rows and \(N\)columns. \((A\cdot B)\) is a \(L\) by \(N\) matrix, \((A\cdot B)^T\) is a \(N\) by \(L\) matrix. This is equal to \(B^T \cdot A^T\), where we have a \(N\) by \(M\) matrix \(B^T\) multiplied by a \(M\) by \(L\) matrix \(A^T\), and the resulting matrix is \(N\) by \(L\).
A = rand(2,3)
A = 2x3
0.2548 0.6678 0.3445
0.2240 0.8444 0.7805
Atranspose = (A')
Atranspose = 3x2
0.2548 0.2240
0.6678 0.8444
0.3445 0.7805
5.2 Matrix Addition and Multiplication
Go back to fan’s MEconTools Package, Matlab Code Examples Repository (bookdown site), or Math for Econ with Matlab Repository (bookdown site).
5.2.1 Scalar Multiplication/Division, Addition/Subtraction
If we multiply a matrix by a number, we multiply every element of that matrix by that number. Addition, subtraction, and division of a matrix with a sclar value work the same way
c = 10
c = 10
matA = rand(3,2)
matA = 3x2
0.3111 0.1848
0.9234 0.9049
0.4302 0.9797
c*matA
ans = 3x2
3.1110 1.8482
9.2338 9.0488
4.3021 9.7975
matA/c
ans = 3x2
0.0311 0.0185
0.0923 0.0905
0.0430 0.0980
matA - c
ans = 3x2
-9.6889 -9.8152
-9.0766 -9.0951
-9.5698 -9.0203
matA + c
ans = 3x2
10.3111 10.1848
10.9234 10.9049
10.4302 10.9797
5.2.2 Addition and Subtraction
You can add/subtract together two matrixes of the same size. We can add up the two 3 by 1 vectors from above, and the two 2 by 3 matrixes from above.
colVecA = rand(3,1)
colVecA = 3x1
0.4389
0.1111
0.2581
colVecB = rand(3,1)
colVecB = 3x1
0.4087
0.5949
0.2622
matA = rand(3,2)
matA = 3x2
0.6028 0.1174
0.7112 0.2967
0.2217 0.3188
matB = rand(3,2)
matB = 3x2
0.4242 0.2625
0.5079 0.8010
0.0855 0.0292
colVecA + colVecB
ans = 3x1
0.8476
0.7060
0.5203
matA - matB
ans = 3x2
0.1787 -0.1451
0.2034 -0.5043
0.1362 0.2896
When using matlab, even if you add up to a single column or single row with a matrix that has multiple rows and columns, if the column count or row count matches up, matlab will broadcast rules, and addition will still be legal. In the example below, matA is 3 by 2, and colVecA is 3 by 1, matlab duplicate colVecA and add it to each column of matA (Broadcast rules are important for efficient storage and computation):
matA + colVecA
ans = 3x2
1.0417 0.5563
0.8223 0.4078
0.4798 0.5768
5.2.3 Matrix Multiplication
When we try to multiply two matrixes together: \(A\cdot B\) for example, the number of columns of matrix \(A\) and the number of rows of matrix \(B\) have to match up.
If the matrix \(A\) is has \(L\) rows and \(M\) columns, and the matrix \(B\) has \(M\) rows and \(N\)columns, then the resulting matrix of \(C=A\cdot B\) has to have \(L\) rows and \(N\) columns.
Each of the \((l,n)\) cell in the product matrix \(C=A\cdot B\), is equal to:
- \(\displaystyle C_{l,n} =\sum_{m=1}^M A_{l,m} \cdot B_{m,n}\)
Note that we are summing over \(M\): row \(l\) in matrix \(A\), and column \(n\) in matrix \(B\) both have \(M\) elements. We multiply each \(m\) of the \(M\) element from the row in \(A\) and column in \(B\) together one by one, and then sum them up to end up with the value for the \(l\)th row and \(n\)th column in matrix \(C\).
% (3 by 4) times (4 by 2) end up with (3 by 2)
L = 3;
M = 4;
N = 2;
matA = rand(L, M)
matA = 3x4
0.9289 0.5785 0.9631 0.2316
0.7303 0.2373 0.5468 0.4889
0.4886 0.4588 0.5211 0.6241
matB = rand(M, N)
matB = 4x2
0.6791 0.0377
0.3955 0.8852
0.3674 0.9133
0.9880 0.7962
matC = matA*matB
matC = 3x2
1.4423 1.6111
1.2738 1.1262
1.3214 1.3974
% (2 by 10) times (10 by 1) end up with (2 by 1)
L = 2;
M = 10;
N = 1;
matA = rand(L, M)
matA = 2x10
0.0987 0.3354 0.1366 0.1068 0.4942 0.7150 0.8909 0.6987 0.0305 0.5000
0.2619 0.6797 0.7212 0.6538 0.7791 0.9037 0.3342 0.1978 0.7441 0.4799
matB = rand(M, N)
matB = 10x1
0.9047
0.6099
0.6177
0.8594
0.8055
0.5767
0.1829
0.2399
0.8865
0.0287
matC = matA*matB
matC = 2x1
1.6524
3.5895
5.3 Creating Matrixes in Matlab
Go back to fan’s MEconTools Package, Matlab Code Examples Repository (bookdown site), or Math for Econ with Matlab Repository (bookdown site).
5.3.1 Matlab Define Row and Column Vectors (Matrix)
% A column vector 4 by 1, with three numbers you fill in by yourself
colVec = [5;2;3;10]
colVec = 4x1
5
2
3
10
% Another column vector with 4 random numbers
colVecRand = rand(4,1)
colVecRand = 4x1
0.4899
0.1679
0.9787
0.7127
% A row vector 1 by 4
rowVec = [3,2,4,5]
rowVec = 1x4
3 2 4 5
% A row vector 1 by 4 with random number
rowVecRand = rand(1,4)
rowVecRand = 1x4
0.5005 0.4711 0.0596 0.6820
5.3.2 Matlab Define a Matrix
% A 2 by 3 matrix by hand
matA = [1,2,1;
3,4,10]
matA = 2x3
1 2 1
3 4 10
% Another 2 by 3 matrix, now with random numbers
matRand = rand(2,3)
matRand = 2x3
0.0424 0.5216 0.8181
0.0714 0.0967 0.8175
% Another 2 by 3 matrix, now with random integers between 1 and 10
% rand draws between 0 and 1, ceil converts 0.1 to 1, 1.1 to 2, etc
matRand = ceil(rand(2,3)*10)
matRand = 2x3
8 7 10
2 6 7
5.3.3 Matlab Define a Square Matrix
% A 4 by 4 square matrix
matSquare = rand(4)
matSquare = 4x4
0.8003 0.0835 0.8314 0.5269
0.4538 0.1332 0.8034 0.4168
0.4324 0.1734 0.0605 0.6569
0.8253 0.3909 0.3993 0.6280
% or can define 4 by 4
matSquare = rand(4, 4)
matSquare = 4x4
0.2920 0.1672 0.4897 0.0527
0.4317 0.1062 0.3395 0.7379
0.0155 0.3724 0.9516 0.2691
0.9841 0.1981 0.9203 0.4228
% or can define 4 by 4, between 1 and 5 each number
matSquare = ceil(rand(4, 4)*5)
matSquare = 4x4
3 2 4 5
5 4 4 1
3 4 1 1
5 3 1 3
5.3.4 Identity Matrix
If a matrix \(A\) is square matrix with the same number of rows and columns, and all diagonal elements are \(1\) and non-diagonal elements are \(0\), then \(A\) is an identity matrix:
\(A_{i,j}\) are the value in the ith row and jth column of the matrix \(A\)
\(A\) is an identity matrix, when: \(A_{i,j} =0\;\textrm{if}\;i\not= j\), \(A_{i,j} =1\;\textrm{if}\;i=j\)
% 4 by 4 identity matrix
identity4by4 = eye(4)
identity4by4 = 4x4
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
When a matrix is muplieid by the identity matrix, you get the same matrix back, for example, multiplying random integer 4 by 4 matrix by the 4 by 4 identity matrix:
matSquare
matSquare = 4x4
3 2 4 5
5 4 4 1
3 4 1 1
5 3 1 3
matSquareTimesIdentity = matSquare*identity4by4
matSquareTimesIdentity = 4x4
3 2 4 5
5 4 4 1
3 4 1 1
5 3 1 3
When a row vector is muplieid by the identity matrix, you get the same vector back, for example, multiplying random integer 1 by 4 row vector by the 4 by 4 identity matrix:
rowVec
rowVec = 1x4
3 2 4 5
rowVecTimesIdentity = rowVec*identity4by4
rowVecTimesIdentity = 1x4
3 2 4 5
When an identity matrix is multiplied by a column vector, you get the same vector back, for example, multiplying 4 by 4 identity matrix by random integer 4 by 1 column vector by the :
colVec
colVec = 4x1
5
2
3
10
colVecTimesIdentity = identity4by4*colVec
colVecTimesIdentity = 4x1
5
2
3
10
5.3.5 Lower-Triangular Matrix and Upper-Triangular Matrix
A lower triangular matrix is a square matrix where:
Square matrix\(A\) is a lower triangular matrix, when: \(A_{i,j} =0\;\textrm{if}\;i<j\)
Square matrix\(A\) is a upper triangular matrix, when: \(A_{i,j} =0\;\textrm{if}\;i>j\)
% lower triangular matrix of matA
lowerTriangular = tril(matSquare)
lowerTriangular = 4x4
3 0 0 0
5 4 0 0
3 4 1 0
5 3 1 3
% upper triangular matrix of matA
upperTriangular = triu(matSquare)
upperTriangular = 4x4
3 2 4 5
0 4 4 1
0 0 1 1
0 0 0 3
5.3.6 Three Dimensions Matrix (Tensor)
% 3 by 3 by 2, storing multiple matrixes together in tenA
tenA = zeros(3,3,2);
tenA(:,:,1) = rand(3,3);
tenA(:,:,2) = rand(3,3);
disp(tenA);
(:,:,1) =
0.8819 0.3689 0.1564
0.6692 0.4607 0.8555
0.1904 0.9816 0.6448
(:,:,2) =
0.3763 0.4820 0.2262
0.1909 0.1206 0.3846
0.4283 0.5895 0.5830
% Creating four 2 by 3 matrixes
matRand = rand(2,3,4)
matRand =
matRand(:,:,1) =
0.2518 0.6171 0.8244
0.2904 0.2653 0.9827
matRand(:,:,2) =
0.7302 0.5841 0.9063
0.3439 0.1078 0.8797
matRand(:,:,3) =
0.8178 0.5944 0.4253
0.2607 0.0225 0.3127
matRand(:,:,4) =
0.1615 0.4229 0.5985
0.1788 0.0942 0.4709
disp(matRand);
(:,:,1) =
0.2518 0.6171 0.8244
0.2904 0.2653 0.9827
(:,:,2) =
0.7302 0.5841 0.9063
0.3439 0.1078 0.8797
(:,:,3) =
0.8178 0.5944 0.4253
0.2607 0.0225 0.3127
(:,:,4) =
0.1615 0.4229 0.5985
0.1788 0.0942 0.4709


"Watch me shred!"
"Watch me shred!"
Collect 80 fragments of Cosmic Dust from
Chapter 13 - Struggle for Survival (Heroic Difficulty)
Complete 6 times with Vulko in your party
(Extreme+ Difficulty)
Complete the stage with Vulko in your party
Requirement: All heroes must survive (Heroic Difficulty)
| Item Stats + Max Enchant | ||
|---|---|---|
| Max Health | 1100 | +987 |
| Physical Attack | 200 | +182 |
| Physical Armor | 30 | +28 |
| Physical Pierce | 60 | +56 |
| Forge Bonus Stats | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| P. Attack | ≥ 40 | P. Pierce | +30 |
| P. Armor | ≥ 100 | P. Crit | +70 |
| M. Armor | ≥ 200 | P. Attack | +150 |


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This chapter introduces MPI features that support the development of parallel libraries. Parallel libraries are needed to encapsulate the distracting complications inherent in parallel implementations of key algorithms. They help to ensure consistent correctness of such procedures, and provide a ``higher level'' of portability than MPI itself can provide. As such, libraries prevent each programmer from repeating the work of defining consistent data structures, data layouts, and methods that implement key algorithms (such as matrix operations). Since the best libraries come with several variations on parallel systems (different data layouts, different strategies depending on the size of the system or problem, or type of floating point), this too needs to be hidden from the user.
We refer the reader to [26] and [3] for further information on writing libraries in MPI, using the features described in this chapter.


These claims by Webster on reason are, on the one hand, so thoroughly within the bounds of traditional Christian thinking that they barely need saying—
—and yet they do need saying, because for one thing all God’s truth is worth reminding ourselves of over and again and for another there are many ways in which the sanctification of reason can come under attack: by hositility and by neglect alike.
What’s more: I find the reminder a good help to my own heart, a reminder of the purpose for which God gave me the mind he gave me, and a call to the good work he set before me.


Why work with SVB?
- 24/7 excellent Customer Care Support
- Digital Marketing Service for Free
- Local Trade Shows to view Newest Collecions
- We speak your Langauge!
- Instant responses while you deal with bridal queries
We won best customer experience in our industry in 2017!
What we will do for you!
- Increase brand awareness. To create authentic and lasting brand awareness, avoid solely publishing promotional messages. Instead, focus on content emphasizes your personality and puts your followers ahead of the hard sell.
- Drive in-person sales. Many brick-and-mortar businesses are on the hunt for a social media marketing strategy that drives in-store sales. Is your brand promoting enough on social to entice folks to come see you? Are you about alerting customers to what's going on in your stores, including promotions and action shots of your store?
- Create a loyal fanbase. Does your brand promote user-generated content? Do your followers react positively without any sort of initiation? Your customers can be your best cheerleaders and sources of fresh content, but only if you’re encouraging them to post on your behalf.
- Better pulse on the industry. What are your competitors doing that seems to be working? What strategies are they using to drive engagement or sales? Such analysis can help you better understand how to position your own brand both on social media and off.
- Any combination of these explicit goals is fair game and can help you better understand which networks to tackle, too. When in doubt, keep your social media marketing strategy simple rather than muddling it with too many objectives that’ll ultimately distract you.
<


Hi, my name is Mila !
It's been 4 years since I live in Denmark (I was born in Calgary - Alberta, Canada). Since I’m 16 I felt in love and work with photography - now I’m 28 I’ve got a lot to show about my professional experiences.
Since the beginning of my career, I put in my photography all the love I have for life. Framing each pixel together to cause the most intense feelings is always the main objective of my work.


---
title: Tooltip
layout: layout-docs
category: General
icon: circle-question
---
Overview
Tooltips display informative text when users hover over, focus on, or tap an element.
Usage
Position your tooltip using the
sgds-tooltip is-tooltip-*position*
class.
{%- highlight html -%}
{%- endhighlight -%}
Colours
Assign colours to your tooltip using the
sgds-tooltip is-tooltip-*stateColor*
class.
Component code
{%- highlight html -%}
{%- endhighlight -%}
When to use
Tooltips should be used:
- When you want to give a brief description of a feature or page element.
- Information should be brief and helpful to your user.
- For example, in a Form, tooltips help to explain what a certain field does.
Tooltips should not be used for:
- Critical or important information to the user.
- Information that is needed for your users to complete a task.
{%- include sgds-feedback.html -%}


| [Overview][Types][Classes][Procedures and functions] |
Source position: plua.pas line 42
procedure plua_spliterrormessage( |
const ErrMsg: String; |
out Title: ansistring; |
out Line: Integer; |
out Msg: ansistring |
); |
ErrMsg |
|
Input parameter, you should pass in the error message as it appears in Lua. |
Title |
|
Output parameter that contains the title of the error message. |
Line |
|
Output parameter that contains the line (in Lua) where the error message occured. |
Msg |
|
Output parameter that contains the error message. |
Takes a Lua exception string and breaks it into its appropriate parts.
NOTE: If you catch a LuaException yourself this method may be of use, if you are using the TLua object from LuaWrapper then use the appropriate event handler instead.


Awestruct is a framework for creating static HTML sites, inspired by the Jekyll utility in the same genre.
Awestruct makes it trivially easy to create non-trivial static websites using tools like Compass, Markdown, and Haml, as well as common frameworks like Twitter Bootstrap and Blueprint.
The core concept of Awestruct is that of structures, specifically Ruby `OpenStruct` structures. The struct aspect allows arbitrary, schema-less data to be associated with a specific page or the entire site.
Site-specific data is automatically loaded from simple YAML files, while data can be provided on pages using a front-matter prolog.
$ gem install awestruct
$ awestruct -i -f bootstrap


Reinforcement learning is a sub-field of mathematics and computer science. It deals with the following kind of problems: You're given a set of states \(\mathcal{X} \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n\) and a starting state \(x_0 \in \mathcal{X}\). For every time step \(k = 0, 1, 2, \dots\) you have a set of possible actions, depending on your current state:
Depending on what your action and your current state is, the new state is
So the transition from state \(x_k\) to state \(x_{k+1}\) with action \(a_k\) is stochastic.
For some states \(x_k\), actions \(a_k\) at time \(k\), you receive rewards:
Your goal is to maximize
where \(\gamma in (0, 1)\) is a discounting factor which makes sure we don't get infinite rewards. \(\gamma = 0.99\) is a typical choice.
Applications
This very general problem description can be applied in almost any scenario:
- Learning automatically to play games
- Learning to control robots
Why RL is difficult
- Credit assignment: In chess, you only get a reward (positiv or negative) at the end of the game. How to you tell which move was good or bad?
- Exploration vs. exploitation: When should you stick to what you know and when should you try something new?
- State equivalence: Typically, your state is very high-dimensional. For example
when learning very old computer games from raw pixels you have
$$210 \cdot 160 \cdot 3 = 100800$$dimensions in your feature vector. But the relevant game states might be much less.
Approaches
A policy network gets the state as input and outputs the action. It learns by executing many episodes (e.g. a complete game; from start until you reach a final state or at least a state with reward) and labels all actions before with the received reward. There might be many which were good even in a lost game, but in average you expect to punish bad decisions and encourage good decisions.
Resources
If you are a student at KIT, I can recommend to visit the lecture Probabilistic Planning.
Other resources you might want to have a look at:
- Deep Reinforcement Learning: Pong from Pixels
- Guest Post (Part I): Demystifying Deep Reinforcement Learning
- Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning by V. Mnih et al.
- Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithms