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CHAPTER 7
Programs are organized as sets of packages. Each package has its own set of names for types, which helps to prevent name conflicts. A top level type is accessible (§6.6) outside the package that declares it only if the type is declared public
.
The naming structure for packages is hierarchical (§7.1). The members of a package are class and interface types (§7.6), which are declared in compilation units of the package, and subpackages, which may contain compilation units and subpackages of their own.
A package can be stored in a file system (§7.2.1) or in a database (§7.2.2). Packages that are stored in a file system have certain constraints on the organization of their compilation units to allow a simple implementation to find classes easily.
A package consists of a number of compilation units (§7.3). A compilation unit automatically has access to all types declared in its package and also automatically imports all of the public types declared in the predefined package java.lang
.
For small programs and casual development, a package can be unnamed (§7.4.2) or have a simple name, but if code is to be widely distributed, unique package names should be chosen (§7.7). This can prevent the conflicts that would otherwise occur if two development groups happened to pick the same package name and these packages were later to be used in a single program.
For example, in the Java Application Programming Interface:
java
has subpackages awt
, applet
, io
, lang
, net
, and util
, but no compilation units.
java.awt
has a subpackage named image
, as well as a number of compilation units containing declarations of class and interface types.
.
Q is the fully qualified name of the subpackage.A package may not contain two members of the same name, or a compile-time error results.
java.awt
has a subpackage image
, it cannot (and does not) contain a declaration of a class or interface type named image
.
mouse
and a member type Button
in that package (which then might be referred to as mouse.Button
), then there cannot be any package with the fully qualified name mouse.Button
or mouse.Button.Click
.
com.sun.java.jag
is the fully qualified name of a type, then there cannot be any package whose fully qualified name is either com.sun.java.jag
or com.sun.java.jag.scrabble
.
oliver
and another package named oliver.twist
, or between packages named evelyn.wood
and evelyn.waugh
. For example, the code in a package named oliver.twist
has no better access to the types declared within package oliver
than code in any other package.
The observability of compilation units in turn determines which packages are observable, and which packages are in scope.
The packages may be stored in a local file system in simple implementations of the Java platform. Other implementations may use a distributed file system or some form of database to store source and/or binary code.
where directorycom gls jag java wnj
java
would contain the Java Application Programming Interface packages; the directories jag
, gls
, and wnj
might contain packages that three of the authors of this specification created for their personal use and to share with each other within this small group; and the directory com
would contain packages procured from companies that used the conventions described in §7.7 to generate unique names for their packages.
Continuing the example, the directory java
would contain, among others, the following subdirectories:
corresponding to the packagesapplet awt io lang net util
java.applet
, java.awt
, java.io
, java.lang
, java.net
, and java.util
that are defined as part of the Java Application Programming Interface.
Still continuing the example, if we were to look inside the directory util
, we might see the following files:
where each of theBitSet.java Observable.java BitSet.class Observable.class Date.java Observer.java Date.class Observer.class ...
.java
files contains the source for a compilation unit (§7.3) that contains the definition of a class or interface whose binary compiled form is contained in the corresponding .class
file.Under this simple organization of packages, an implementation of the Java platform would transform a package name into a pathname by concatenating the components of the package name, placing a file name separator (directory indicator) between adjacent components.
For example, if this simple organization were used on a UNIX system, where the file name separator is /
, the package name:
would be transformed into the directory name:jag.scrabble.board
and:jag/scrabble/board
would be transformed to the directory name:com.sun.sunsoft.DOE
A package name component or class name might contain a character that cannot correctly appear in a host file system's ordinary directory name, such as a Unicode character on a system that allows only ASCII characters in file names. As a convention, the character can be escaped by using, say, thecom/sun/sunsoft/DOE
@
character followed by four hexadecimal digits giving the numeric value of the character, as in the \u
xxxx escape (§3.3), so that the package name:
which can also be written using full Unicode as:children.activities.crafts.papierM\u00e2ch\u00e9
might be mapped to the directory name:children.activities.crafts.papierMâché
If thechildren/activities/crafts/papierM@00e2ch@00e9
@
character is not a valid character in a file name for some given host file system, then some other character that is not valid in an identifier could be used instead.
Such a database must not impose the optional restrictions (§7.6) on compilation units in file-based implementations. For example, a system that uses a database to store packages may not enforce a maximum of one public
class or interface per compilation unit.
Systems that use a database must, however, provide an option to convert a program to a form that obeys the restrictions, for purposes of export to file-based implementations.
CompilationUnit: PackageDeclarationoptTypes declared in different compilation units can depend on each other, circularly. A Java compiler must arrange to compile all such types at the same time.ImportDeclarationsopt
TypeDeclarationsopt ImportDeclarations: ImportDeclaration ImportDeclarations
ImportDeclaration TypeDeclarations: TypeDeclaration TypeDeclarations
TypeDeclaration
A compilation unit consists of three parts, each of which is optional:
package
declaration (§7.4), giving the fully qualified name (§6.7) of the package to which the compilation unit belongs. A compilation unit that has no package declaration is part of an unnamed package (§7.4.2).
import
declarations (§7.5) that allow types from other packages to be referred to using their simple names
java
and its subpackages lang
and io
must always be observable. The observability of a compilation unit influences the observability of its package (§7.4.3).
Every compilation unit automatically and implicitly imports every public
type name declared by the predefined package java.lang
, so that the names of all those types are available as simple names, as described in §7.5.3.
PackageDeclaration:The package name mentioned in a package declaration must be the fully qualified name (§6.7) of the package.package
PackageName;
Note that an unnamed package cannot have subpackages, since the syntax of a package declaration always includes a reference to a named top level package.
As an example, the compilation unit:
defines a very simple compilation unit as part of an unnamed package.class FirstCall { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Mr. Watson, come here. " + "I want you."); } }
An implementation of the Java platform must support at least one unnamed package; it may support more than one unnamed package but is not required to do so. Which compilation units are in each unnamed package is determined by the host system.
In implementations of the Java platform that use a hierarchical file system for storing packages, one typical strategy is to associate an unnamed package with each directory; only one unnamed package is observable at a time, namely the one that is associated with the "current working directory." The precise meaning of "current working directory" depends on the host system.
Unnamed packages are provided by the Java platform principally for convenience when developing small or temporary applications or when just beginning development.
java
, java.lang
, and java.io
are always observable.
It follows that the package java
is always in scope (§6.3).
Package declarations never shadow other declarations.
import
declaration, the only way to refer to a type declared in another package is to use a fully qualified name (§6.7).
ImportDeclaration: SingleTypeImportDeclaration TypeImportOnDemandDeclarationA single-type-import declaration (§7.5.1) imports a single named type, by mentioning its canonical name. A type-import-on-demand declaration (§7.5.2) imports all the accessible types of a named type or package as needed.
The scope of a type imported by a single-type-import declaration (§7.5.1) or type-import-on-demand declaration (§7.5.2) is all the class and interface type declarations (§7.6) in the compilation unit in which the import declaration appears.
An import
declaration makes types available by their simple names only within the compilation unit that actually contains the import
declaration. The scope of the entities(s) it introduces specifically does not include the package
statement, other import
declarations in the current compilation unit, or other compilation units in the same package. See §7.5.4 for an illustrative example.
SingleTypeImportDeclaration:
import
TypeName ;
The TypeName must be the canonical name of a class or interface type; a compile-time error occurs if the named type does not exist. The named type must be accessible (§6.6) or a compile-time error occurs.A single-type-import declaration d in a compilation unit c of package p that imports a type named n shadows the declarations of:
causes the simple nameimport java.util.Vector;
Vector
to be available within the class and interface declarations in a compilation unit. Thus, the simple name Vector
refers to the type Vector
in the package java.util
in all places where it is not shadowed (§6.3.1) or obscured (§6.3.2) by a declaration of a field, parameter, local variable, or nested type declaration with the same name.If two single-type-import declarations in the same compilation unit attempt to import types with the same simple name, then a compile-time error occurs, unless the two types are the same type, in which case the duplicate declaration is ignored. If another top level type with the same simple name is otherwise declared in the current compilation unit except by a type-import-on-demand declaration (§7.5.2), then a compile-time error occurs.
causes a compile-time error because of the duplicate declaration ofimport java.util.Vector; class Vector { Object[] vec; }
Vector
, as does:
whereimport java.util.Vector; import myVector.Vector;
myVector
is a package containing the compilation unit:
The compiler keeps track of types by their binary names (§13.1).package myVector; public class Vector { Object[] vec; }
Note that an import statement cannot import a subpackage, only a type. For example, it does not work to try to import java.util
and then use the name util.Random
to refer to the type java.util.Random
:
import java.util; // incorrect: compile-time error class Test { util.Random generator; }
TypeImportOnDemandDeclaration:It is a compile-time error for a type-import-on-demand declaration to name a type or package that is not accessible. Two or more type-import-on-demand declarations in the same compilation unit may name the same type or package; the effect is as if there were exactly one such declaration. It is not a compile-time error to name the current package orimport
PackageOrTypeName. * ;
java.lang
in a type-import-on-demand declaration. The type-import-on-demand declaration is ignored in such casesA type-import-on-demand declaration never causes any other declaration to be shadowed.
causes the simple names of allimport java.util.*;
public
types declared in the package java.util
to be available within the class and interface declarations of the compilation unit. Thus, the simple name Vector
refers to the type Vector
in the package java.util
in all places in the compilation unit where that type declaration is not shadowed (§6.3.1) or obscured (§6.3.2). The declaration might be shadowed by a single-type-import declaration of a type whose simple name is Vector
; by a type named Vector
and declared in the package to which the compilation unit belongs; or any nested classes or interfaces. The declaration might be obscured by a declaration of a field, parameter, or local variable named Vector
(It would be unusual for any of these conditions to occur.)public
type names declared in the predefined package java.lang
, as if the declaration:
appeared at the beginning of each compilation unit, immediately following anyimport java.lang.*;
package
statement.Vector
, which declares a public
class named Mosquito
:
and then the compilation unit:package Vector; public class Mosquito { int capacity; }
the single-type-import declaration (§7.5.1) importing classpackage strange.example; import java.util.Vector; import Vector.Mosquito; class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(new Vector().getClass()); System.out.println(new Mosquito().getClass()); } }
Vector
from package java.util
does not prevent the package name Vector
from appearing and being correctly recognized in subsequent import
declarations. The example compiles and produces the output:
class java.util.Vector class Vector.Mosquito
TypeDeclaration:
ClassDeclaration
InterfaceDeclaration
;
By default, the top level types declared in a package are accessible only within the compilation units of that package, but a type may be declared to be public
to grant access to the type from code in other packages (§6.6, §8.1.1, §9.1.1).The scope of a top level type is all type declarations in the package in which the top level type is declared.
If a top level type named T is declared in a compilation unit of a package whose fully qualified name is P, then the fully qualified name of the type is P.
T. If the type is declared in an unnamed package (§7.4.2), then the type has the fully qualified name T.
the fully qualified name of classpackage wnj.points; class Point { int x, y; }
Point
is wnj.points.Point
. An implementation of the Java platform must keep track of types within packages by their binary names (§13.1). Multiple ways of naming a type must be expanded to binary names to make sure that such names are understood as referring to the same type.
For example, if a compilation unit contains the single-type-import declaration (§7.5.1):
then within that compilation unit the simple nameimport java.util.Vector;
Vector
and the fully qualified name java.util.Vector
refer to the same type.
When packages are stored in a file system (§7.2.1), the host system may choose to enforce the restriction that it is a compile-time error if a type is not found in a file under a name composed of the type name plus an extension (such as .java
or .jav
) if either of the following is true:
public
(and therefore is potentially accessible from code in other packages).
public
type wet.sprocket.Toad
would be found in a file Toad.java
in the directory wet/sprocket
, and the corresponding object code would be found in the file Toad.class
in the same directory.When packages are stored in a database (§7.2.2), the host system must not impose such restrictions.
In practice, many programmers choose to put each class or interface type in its own compilation unit, whether or not it is public
or is referred to by code in other compilation units.
A compile-time error occurs if the name of a top level type appears as the name of any other top level class or interface type declared in the same package (§7.6).
A compile-time error occurs if the name of a top level type is also declared as a type by a single-type-import declaration (§7.5.1) in the compilation unit (§7.3) containing the type declaration.
the class Point is declared in a compilation unit with no package statement, and thus Point is its fully qualified name, whereas in the example:class Point { int x, y; }
the fully qualified name of the class Point ispackage vista; class Point { int x, y; }
vista.Point
. (The package name vista is suitable for local or personal use; if the package were intended to be widely distributed, it would be better to give it a unique package name (§7.7).)the first compile-time error is caused by the duplicate declaration of the name Point as both a class and anpackage test; import java.util.Vector; class Point { int x, y; } interface Point { // compile-time error #1 int getR(); int getTheta(); } class Vector { Point[] pts; } // compile-time error #2
interface
in the same package. A second error detected at compile time is the attempt to declare the name Vector both by a class type declaration and by a single-type-import declaration.Note, however, that it is not an error for the name of a class to also to name a type that otherwise might be imported by a type-import-on-demand declaration (§7.5.2) in the compilation unit (§7.3) containing the class declaration. In the example:
the declaration of the class Vector is permitted even though there is also a class java.util.Vector. Within this compilation unit, the simple name Vector refers to the class test.Vector, not to java.util.Vector (which can still be referred to by code within the compilation unit, but only by its fully qualified name).package test; import java.util.*; class Vector { Point[] pts; } // not a compile-time error
As another example, the compilation unit:
defines two classes that use each other in the declarations of their class members. Because the class types Point and PointColor have all the type declarations in package points, including all those in the current compilation unit, as their scope, this example compiles correctly-that is, forward reference is not a problem.package points; class Point { int x, y; // coordinates PointColor color; // color of this point Point next; // next point with this color static int nPoints; } class PointColor { Point first; // first point with this color PointColor(int color) { this.color = color; } private int color; // color components }
It is a compile-time error if a top level type declaration contains any one of the following access modifiers: protected, private or static.
If unique package names are not used, then package name conflicts may arise far from the point of creation of either of the conflicting packages. This may create a situation that is difficult or impossible for the user or programmer to resolve. The class ClassLoader
can be used to isolate packages with the same name from each other in those cases where the packages will have constrained interactions, but not in a way that is transparent to a naïve program.
You form a unique package name by first having (or belonging to an organization that has) an Internet domain name, such as sun.com
. You then reverse this name, component by component, to obtain, in this example, com.sun
, and use this as a prefix for your package names, using a convention developed within your organization to further administer package names.
In some cases, the internet domain name may not be a valid package name. Here are some suggested conventions for dealing with these situations:
The first component of a unique package name is always written in all-lowercase ASCII letters and should be one of the top level domain names, currentlycom.sun.sunsoft.DOE com.sun.java.jag.scrabble com.apple.quicktime.v2 edu.cmu.cs.bovik.cheese gov.whitehouse.socks.mousefinder
com
, edu
, gov
, mil
, net
, org
, or one of the English two-letter codes identifying countries as specified in ISO Standard 3166, 1981. For more information, refer to the documents stored at ftp://rs.internic.net/rfc
, for example, rfc920.txt
and rfc1032.txt
.
The name of a package is not meant to imply where the package is stored within the Internet; for example, a package named edu.cmu.cs.bovik.cheese
is not necessarily obtainable from Internet address cmu.edu
or from cs.cmu.edu
or from bovik.cs.cmu.edu
. The suggested convention for generating unique package names is merely a way to piggyback a package naming convention on top of an existing, widely known unique name registry instead of having to create a separate registry for package names.
| Contents | Prev | Next | Index | Java Language Specification Second Edition |


Reports array declarations made using C-style syntax, with the array indicator attached to the variable, rather than Java-style syntax, with the array indicator attached to the type.
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'Orange Is the New Black' star Danielle Brooks gives birth to baby girl
by Michelle Ewing, Cox Media Group National Content Desk"Orange Is the New Black" star Danielle Brooks has a new role to add to her repertoire – mom.
According to People magazine and E! News, the actress, who plays Tasha "Taystee" Jefferson on the hit Netflix series, and her boyfriend welcomed a baby girl Saturday.
"She's perfect," Brooks, 30, wrote in an Instagram post featuring a photo of the newborn, her first child.
Brooks' co-stars and other celebs offered well-wishes in the comments.
"Omg. Congratulations darling," Laverne Cox, who plays Sophia Burset, wrote. "You're a mommy."
"My heart is exploding!!!!!!!!" added Emma Myles, who plays Leanne Taylor. "So so so so happy for you ahhhhhh!"
© 2019 Cox Media Group.


Batwoman: Alice and Mouse Plan Something Deadly in 'A Mad Tea Party'
by L.D. NolanThe CW has released the official plot synopsis for Batwoman's upcoming ninth episode, "A Mad Tea-Party."
The plot synopsis for Season 1, Episode 9 of Batwoman teases antagonists Alice/Beth Kane and Mouse/Jonathan Cartwright concocting a dangerous plan, while Mary Hamilton and Kate Kane attend an event for Catherine Hamilton-Kane, the wife of Jacob Kane.
BATWOMAN“A Mad Tea-Party” — (8:00-9:00 p.m. ET) (TV-14, LV) (HDTV)AND THE AWARD GOES TO – Kate (Ruby Rose) and Alice (Rachel Skarsten) continue their sister/nemesis dance, while Alice and Mouse (guest star Sam Littlefield) construct their most evil plan yet. Mary (Nicole Kang) invites Kate to a special event honoring Catherine (Elizabeth Anweis) and Jacob (Dougray Scott) makes a decision that leaves Kate perplexed. Meagan Tandy and Camrus Johnson also star. Holly Dale directed the episode written by Nancy Kiu (#109). Original airdate 12/1/2019.
Click the button below to start this article in quick view.
Although Alice is Kate's biological sister, Mouse is the son of the man who abducted her and kept her prisoner following the fateful car accident that left her mother, Gabi Kane, dead. Mouse serves as something of a surrogate brother for Alice.
Created by Caroline Dries and developed by Berlanti Productions and Warner Bros. Television, Batwoman stars Ruby Rose, Rachel Skarsten, Meagan Tandy, Camrus Johnson, Dougray Scott, Elizabeth Anweis and Nicole Kang. The series airs Sundays at 8 p.m. ET/PT on The CW.
https://schema.orgBreadcrumbListListItem1Homehttps://www.cbr.com/ListItem2TVhttps://www.cbr.com/category/tv/ListItem3TV Newshttps://www.cbr.com/category/tv/news-tv/ListItem4Batwoman: Alice and Mouse Plan Something Deadly in 'A Mad Tea Party'https://www.cbr.com/batwoman-alice-mouth-deadly-plan/


| fgcp.libcloud | index __init__.py |
Client API library for the Fujitsu Global Cloud Platform (FGCP)
using XML-RPC API Version 2015-01-30
# Register FGCP as third party driver for libcloud
from libcloud.compute.providers import set_driver
from libcloud.compute.providers import get_driver
set_driver('fgcp',
'fgcp.libcloud.compute',
'FGCPNodeDriver')
cls = get_driver('fgcp')
# Connect with your client certificate to region 'uk' and work in location 'Demo VSystem'
driver = cls('client.pem', region='uk', location='Demo VSystem')
#regions = driver.list_regions()
#locations = driver.list_locations()
#nodes = driver.list_nodes()
#images = driver.list_images()
#sizes = driver.list_sizes()
#volumes = driver.list_volumes()
#for volume in volumes:
# snapshots = driver.list_volume_snapshots(volume)
# snapshots_and_backups = driver.list_volume_snapshots(volume, ex_include_backups=True)
# backups = driver.ex_list_volume_backups(volume)
Requirements: this module uses tlslite.utils or gdata.tlslite.utils to create
the key signature, see https://pypi.python.org/pypi/tlslite-ng or
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/tlslite for download and installation
Note: to convert your .p12 or .pfx file to unencrypted PEM format, you can use
the following 'openssl' command:
openssl pkcs12 -in UserCert.p12 -out client.pem -nodes
| Package Contents | ||||||
|


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Krissy Cela
Who Am I?
My full name is: Kristjana Eleny Cela but in school no one could really pronounce my name, and so Krissy seemed more fitting! My surname is pronounced CH-EL-A like Bella but CH at the start instead of the B.
I truly believe that my purpose in life is to help women around the world become healthier, mentally and physically.
One of my biggest dreams is to host a world tour where I can train as many of you as possible and we can smash our workouts together.
My story
My own fitness journey started 5 years ago, at the time I was studying for my law degree, so I had never really considered fitness as a career, it was merely a way of escaping my worries and stress.
While working out one day I asked a friend to record me doing a glute kickback, I was sure I was doing it wrong, and I was right, I was! I started filming my workouts so I could see where I needed to make adjustments.
One day I decided to track all my progress on social media, this way I could hold myself accountable, and before I knew it the community on my page grew into a social empire!
Krissy Fact #1
I love doughnuts & brownies, all types of doughnuts & brownies, just give me them all to me please!
Krissy Fact #2
I can safely admit, that I am addicted to working! Being a fitness trainer, it never feels like work, it is my passion and love.
Krissy Fact #3
I've an obsession with organisation and cleaning, I've had some say it’s OCD, but personally think it’s just me being me.
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When I first started my fitness journey I used to get I angry at the fact that I couldn’t lift heavier than 30kg on the squat rack... comparing myself constantly to others I forgot to allow myself the time to TRUST TGE PROCESS AND JOURNEY. Fast forward now I can lift 100kg barbell squat for five reps and that’s something I’m proud of.
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Video
Photos


Grilo-Plugins is a collection of plugins (Apple Trailers, Blip.tv, Bookmarks, Filesystem, Flickr, Jamendo, Magnatune, Rai.tv, Tracker, Youtube, between others) to make media discovery and browsing easy for applications that support Grilo framework, such as Totem (some plugins are disabled in Totem).
This package is known to build and work properly using an LFS-7.6 systemd platform.
Download (HTTP): http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/grilo-plugins/0.2/grilo-plugins-0.2.13.tar.xz
Download (FTP): ftp://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/grilo-plugins/0.2/grilo-plugins-0.2.13.tar.xz
Download MD5 sum: 45030aab3f21b561b1c899ebb7dce54d
Download size: 980 KB
Estimated disk space required: 25 MB (all plugins)
Estimated build time: 0.3 SBU
Grilo-0.2.11, libgcrypt-1.6.2 and SQLite-3.8.6
libsoup-2.46.0, gobject-introspection-1.40.0 and totem-pl-parser-3.10.2
Avahi-0.6.31, GMime-2.6.20 (Podcasts), gnome-online-accounts-3.12.4 (Flickr), JSON-GLib-1.0.2 (TMDB), libgdata-0.15.2 (YouTube), libmediaart-0.4.0 (local-art), liboauth-1.0.3 (to configure Flickr personal accounts), Lua-5.2.3 (Lua Factory), Tracker-1.0.4 (Tracker), GOM, GuPNP-AV (GUPnP), libdmapsharing (DMAP) and libquvi (version 0.9) (Youtube)
User Notes: http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/wiki/grilo-plugins
Install Grilo-Plugins by running the following commands:
./configure --prefix=/usr && make
To test the results, issue: make check 2>&1 | tee check.log. A summary can be obtained with egrep '(TEST|PASS)' check.log.
Now, as the root
user:
make install
To test which plugins are installed and that Grilo-0.2.11 is working, issue grl-inspect-0.2 or grilo-test-ui-0.2 (the latter, from an X terminal).
Last updated on 2014-08-25 14:56:55 -0700


Preparation time
1-2 hours
Cooking time
30 mins to 1 hour
Serves
Makes 4 pizzas
Combine the wonderful flavours of chorizo and artichoke to make a truly delicious homemade pizza.
For the dough, place the flour, salt and yeast into a large bowl and stir to combine.
Pour in the olive oil and gradually stir in the water until it forms a soft dough.
Tip the dough out onto a floured work surface and knead for 5 minutes, until smooth and elastic.
Place the dough into a lightly greased bowl, cover with cling film and leave to rise in a warm place for one hour.
Remove the dough from the bowl and knead for a minute on a floured work surface, then divide into four pieces and roll each into a circle 0.5cm/¼in thick.
For the topping, heat a frying pan until hot, and then add the oil, shallots and garlic and fry for 3-4 minutes.
Add the tomatoes, sugar and the chopped basil and bring to the boil. Reduce the heat and simmer for 20 minutes, or until the sauce has thickened. Season, to taste, with salt and freshly ground black pepper and leave to cool.
Preheat the oven to 220C/425F/Gas 7. Place a heavy baking tray or a pizza stone into the oven to preheat.
Place the pizza bases onto an upturned, floured baking tray. Spoon the cooled tomato sauce thinly over the pizza.
Sprinkle over the artichokes, chorizo, mozzarella and half the spinach then season, to taste, with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
Carefully transfer the pizzas into the oven, pushing the pizzas from the floured tray onto the hot tray or pizza stone. Cook for 15 minutes, or until the base is crisp and the topping is cooked through.
Remove from the oven and sprinkle with the remaining spinach leaves.
For the salad, place the spinach and gem lettuce leaves in a large bowl, with the cherry tomatoes.
In a separate small bowl mix together the oil, sherry and red wine vinegar then pour the dressing over the salad.
To serve, place each pizza on a warm plate with the salad on the side.


Jonathan Reeve
Literary Modeling and Visualization Lab
Group for Experimental Methods in the Humanities
Columbia University
“The maturity of the late works of significant artists does not resemble the kind one finds in fruit. They are, for the most part, not round, but furrowed, even ravaged. Devoid of sweetness, bitter and spiny, they do not surrender themselves to mere delectation.” (Adorno, quoted in Said) - Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony
Said: “[late style] has the power to render disenchantment and pleasure without resolving the contradiction between them. What hold them in tension, as equal forces straining in opposite directions, is the artist’s mature subjectivity, stripped of hubris and pomposity, unashamed either of its fallibility or of the modest assurance it has gained as a result of age and exile”
| Author | Periodicity Score |
|---|---|
| James | 0.472 |
| Dickens | 0.469 |
| Genet | 0.457 |
| Mann | 0.367 |
| Conrad | 0.177 |
| Cather | 0.177 |
| Ward | 0.166 |
| Proust | 0.023 |
-0.0171
(Early style, not late style.)
Mean: -0.0288
(Even stronger early style.)


Harry Styles is a man. His name sounds like hairstyles. He has hair. He was once in a band called No Directions. Just Kidding... He was once in One Direction. He is British. Which means he is probably on the left spectrum of the political spectrum. Most of Britain is fairly socialist.
Harry Styles is a man. His name sounds like hairstyles. He has hair. He was once in a band called No Directions. Just Kidding... He was once in One Direction. He is British. Which means he is probably on the left spectrum of the political spectrum. Most of Britain is fairly socialist.
Harry Styles is a man. His name sounds like hairstyles. He has hair. He was once in a band called No Directions. Just Kidding... He was once in One Direction. He is British. Which means he is probably on the left spectrum of the political spectrum. Most of Britain is fairly socialist.


We're sorry but w-aggrid-vue doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue.


Syntax:
compute-applicable-methods generic-function function-arguments => methods
Method Signatures:
compute-applicable-methods (generic-function standard-generic-function)
Arguments and Values:
generic-function---a generic function.
function-arguments---a list of arguments for the generic-function.
methods---a list of method objects.
Description:
Given a generic-function and a set of function-arguments, the function compute-applicable-methods returns the set of methods that are applicable for those arguments sorted according to precedence order. See Section 7.6.6 (Method Selection and Combination).
Affected By:
Exceptional Situations: None.
See Also:
Section 7.6.6 (Method Selection and Combination)
Notes: None.


This page contains the notes for the first part of R Workshop Module 4: Data visualization with R, which is part of the R Workshop series prepared by ICJIA Research Analyst Bobae Kang to enable and encourage ICJIA researchers to take advantage of R, a statistical programming language that is one of the most powerful modern research tools.
Click here to go to the workshop home page.
Click here to go to the workshop Modules page.
Click here to view the accompanying slides for Module 4, Part 1.
Navigate to the other workshop materials:
In Module 4, we will be exploring data visualization in R. Although base R offers some data visualiation capabilities, a visualization package of tidyverse
called ggplot2
has become the de facto standard for data visualization in R. Hence, we will begin with learning the basics of ggplot2
.
The name of the package ggplot2
comes from the notion of the “grammar of graphics,” proposed by statistician and computer scientist Leland Wilkinson. Let’s take a quick look at this notion, its origin, and how the ggplot2
package relates it.
“The grammar of graphics takes us beyond a limited set of charts (words) to an almost unlimited world of graphical forms (statements).
-Wilkinson, L. (2005), p.1”
In his book, The Grammar of Graphics (2005), Wilkinson proposes a set of principles and terminology for defining and constructing statistical graphics. We may see this book as a theoretical elaboration of his preceding project called the Graphical Production Library (GPL), an implementation of “a language for quantitative graphics” (Wklinson et al., 2000). An underlying philosophy of GPL is that, “Instead of treating a graphics display as a viewer for underlying data, GPL treats data as an accesorry to viewing a graph.”
Wilkinson’s “grammar” has the following components:
A graphic object then consists of, or is parameterized by, these components. It is a more modular apporach to visulizing data. We won’t dig any further into each component as defined by Wilkinson and his colleagues. Suffice it to say, however, that Hadley Wickham’s ggplot2
is strongly influneced by Wilkinson’s “grammar” with certain changes.
Source: tidyverse.com
ggplot2
is R ecosystem’s response to Wilkinson’s grammar of graphics. It is an R package developed by Hadley Wickham, one of the main authors of many tidyverse
packages.
This article proposes an alternative parameterization of the [graphical] grammar, based around the idea of building up a graphic from multiple layers of data. The grammar differs from Wilkinson’s in its arrangement of the components, the development of a hierarchy of defaults, and in that it is embedded inside another programming language.
-Wickham, H. (2010), p.4
In his article, “A Layered Grammar of Graphics” (2010), Wickham explains his motivation for ggplot2
. In short, ggplot2
is an alternative to Wilkinson’s grammar, replacing “element” in the latter with more modular layers.
Source: Wickham, H. (2010). “A Layered Grammar of Graphics.”
The figure above offers a quick summary of how ggplot2
compares to Wilkinson’s grammar. Refer to Wickham (2010) for a detailed explanation.
Enough of backgrounds. Let us now really get started with ggplot2
. First we explore three of the basic ggplot2
components:
# data and aesthetics
ggplot(data, mapping = aes(x, y, ...))
Plotting in ggplot2
starts with the ggplot()
function, which initalizes a ggplot
object. Among others, data
and mapping
are the most important arguments.
data
input is a data.frame
object or any of its variants (e.g. tibble
and data.table
).
mapping
defines how to “map” the data into the plot: that is, which variable corresponds to x
axis, y
axis, colour
, or size
? The mapping
input is the output of aes()
function, which defines such aesthetic mappings. Each argument input should be a variable (or column) in the data
input.
aes
componentsThe following table lists the aes
components available for a ggplot
object other than x
and y
:
aes component |
Description | Input |
|---|---|---|
colour |
Border color | Name ("red" ), rgb specification (#FF0000 ), or NA |
fill |
Fill color | Name ("red" ), rgb specification (#FF0000 ), or NA |
shape |
Shape of a point | An integer value 0 to 24, or NA |
linetype |
Linetype | An integer value 0 to 6 or a string |
size |
Size of line/point | A non-negative numeric value |
alpha |
Transparency | A numeric value 0 to 1 |
Source: Figure 1.1 in Wilke, C. (n.d). Data Visualiation.
And the following two pictures illustrate shape
and linetype
values available in ggplot2
:
shape
valuesSource: Tidyverse. (n.d.). “Aesthetic specifications”. ggplot2.tidyverse.org.
linetype
valuesSource: Tidyverse. (n.d.). “Aesthetic specifications”. ggplot2.tidyverse.org.
# adding one or more geometric objects
ggplot(data, aes(x, y, ...)) +
geom_*()
# with geom_specific `aes`
ggplot(data) +
geom_*(aes(x, y, ...))
Geometric objects, or geom
s, “control the type of plot you create” (Wickham 2010). There are many geom
available in ggplot2
for different graph types, some of which are listed below.
A geom
object can take its own aes
input instead of simply inheriting from the preceding ggplot()
inputs, which is the default behavior. In other words, all aes
specifications can be directly provided for each geometric object.
geom
sLet us take some of the geom
objects for basic plot types:
| geom | Description | Input |
|---|---|---|
geom_histogram |
Histograms | Continous x |
geom_bar |
Bar plot with frequncies | Discrete x |
geom_col |
Bar plot with values | Discrete x and continuous y |
geom_point |
Points/scattorplots | Discrete/continuous x and y |
geom_jitter |
Jittered points | Discrete/continuous x and y |
geom_line |
Line plots | Discrete/continuous x and y |
geom_abline |
Reference line | intercept and slope value |
geom_hline , geom_vline |
Reference lines | xintercept or yintercept |
Let’s take a look at some examples. First we get a dataset to work with, which is a modified version of ispcrime
.
Then we pass the new data into ggplot()
function as an input for data
. Our input for mapping
is aes(violentCrime)
. We did not specify what the violentCrime
should map to, the aes()
interprets it as the input for its first argument, x
.
Then we adds a geom
layer to ggplot
with +
operator. Our choice of geom
is histogram. And viola! We get a histogram of violentCrime
counts:
# geom histogram example
data <- ispcrime %>% filter(year == 2015, county != "Cook")
ggplot(data, aes(violentCrime)) +
geom_histogram()
The second example is a bar plot using another differently modified ispcrime
data. This time, we have three variables to map to: type
, count
, and fill
. Not that the first two inputs for aes()
are automatically understood as inputs for x
and y
, in that order. Any additional mapping argument must be specified explicitly.
The output is a bar chart where x-axis is type
values and y-axis
is correspoding count
values. We also have the bars colored by their type
value. Yes, this is somewhat redundant since each bar is already corresponding to a unique type
value, but additional coloring helps viewers to easily distinguish these bars.
# geom col example
data <- ispcrime %>% filter(county == "Cook") %>% gather("type", "count", murder:aggAssault)
ggplot(data, aes(type, count, fill = type)) +
geom_col(width = 0.8)
The third example is a bubble plot, or a modified scattorplot, using a subset of ispcrime
table (excluding Cook county data) joined with regions
table. Here, we use violentCrime
as x
value and propertyCrime
as y
value. Also, we use region
values as color aesthetics and the sum of violentCrime
and propertyCrime
as size aesthetics. Lastly, we set the transparency value (alpha
) to 0.5.
# geom point example
data <- ispcrime %>% filter(county != "Cook") %>% left_join(regions)
ggplot(data, aes(violentCrime, propertyCrime, color = region)) +
geom_point(aes(size = violentCrime + propertyCrime), alpha = .5)
The last example is a line graph with one horizontal reference line. The line graph uses a subset of ispcrime
data (Cook data only) as the data input and use year
and violentCrime
as x
and y
axes. In geom_line()
, the line color and size are specified. In geom_hline()
, the y intercept for the reference line is given as the mean of violentCrime
values and the linetype is specified to be the long-dash.
# geom line example
data <- ispcrime %>% filter(county == "Cook")
ggplot(data, aes(year, violentCrime)) +
geom_line(color = "maroon", size = 1.5) +
geom_hline(yintercept = mean(data$violentCrime), linetype = "longdash")
geom
sggplot2
offers more geom
s, some of which are listed in the following table with their descriptions:
| geom | Description | Input |
|---|---|---|
geom_density |
Smoothed density estimates | Continous x |
geom_density2d |
Contours of a 2-d density estimates | Continous x |
geom_boxplot |
Box plots | Disc. x and cont. y |
geom_smooth |
Smoothed conditional means | |
geom_text , geom_label |
Text | |
geom_polygon |
Polygons |
geom
s.# adding labels
plot + labs(title, subtitle, caption, x, y, ...)
Labels include title, subtitle, caption, and x-axis and y-axis names of a plot. One way to specifiy these labels is to use labs()
function, each argument of which takes a character vector of length 1. As default, title
and subtitle
appear at the top-left, and caption
appears at the bottom-right. x
and y
inputs correspond to x-axis and y-axis names. Adjusting the position and style of labels is handled via theme()
.
plot +
xlab(label) +
ylab(label) +
ggtitle(label, subtitle = NULL)
Alternatively, we have the following functions to give labels to a plot:
xlab()
is for x-axis nameylab()
is for y-axis nameggtitle()
is for plot title and subtitleFirst, we create a ggplot
object to give labels to.
Here, we add all labels to the plot
using the labs()
function.
# a generic example with title, subtitle, and axes names
plot +
labs(
title = "This is plot title", subtitle = "This is plot subtitle",
x = "x-axis here", y = "y-axis here",
caption = "(and caption...)"
)
As an alternative, we use ggtitle
to add only the title to the plot
. Note that, with the expression()
function, it is possible to include mathematical expression in our title. We can use expression()
for any label with either labs()
or separate label functions.
# a title with mathematical expressions
plot +
ggtitle(label = expression(paste("Another plot title with math expressions like ", pi, " and ", sigma^{2})))
For simple plots, the three components we have seen above would be sufficient. With the following additional components, we can have greater flexibility to generate more complex plots:
Scales are used to control “the details of how data values are translated to visual properties.” ggplot2
offers many options to get the scale right for our plots. Here we will explore the following:
plot +
xlim(...) +
ylim(...) +
lims(...)
ggplot2
offers three functions to impose limits to various aesthetic mappings in our visualization. xlim()
changes x-axis limits and ylim()
changes y-axis limits. lims()
is a general function to change limits for any aes()
component.
...
in xlim()
and ylim()
are two numeric values to specify lower and upper limits for the corresponding axis. NA
can be used to set the automatic lower/upper limit. On the other hand, ...
in all lim()
is a name-value pair, where the name is an aesthetic and the value is either a length-2 numeric, a character, a factor, or a datetime.
# limit x axis to 2000 at the top;
# this removes points with violentCrime > 2000
plot + xlim(NA, 2000)
scale_x_continuous(..., expand = waiver(), trans = "identity", position = "bottom")
scale_y_continuous(..., expand = waiver(), trans = "identity", position = "left")
# shortcuts for common transformations
scale_x_log10(...)
scale_y_log10(...)
scale_x_sqrt(...)
scale_y_sqrt(...)
scale_x_reverse(...)
scale_y_reverse(...)
Position scales functions are used to change on which scale the x or y axis is presented. scale_x_continuous()
and scale_y_continuous()
are general functions to manipulate the scale of continuous x and y variables.
The default scale is “identity”. There are a few shortcuts for commonly used scales. Other transformation options for trans
include: “asn”, “atanh”, “boxcox”, “exp”, “log”, “log1p”, “log2”, “logit”, “probability”, “probit”, and “reciprocal”.
scale
argumentsThe following table lists some common arguments for scale
functions and provide descriptions.
| Argument | Description |
|---|---|
name |
a name of the scale, used as the axis label or the legend title |
breaks |
controls the breaks in the guide, which can be a character vector |
labels |
controls the lable for each break; its input must be the same length as breaks input |
limits |
a character vector specifying the data range for the scale |
Refer to the official documentation here for more on the scale
arguments.
scale_x_discrete(..., expand = waiver(), position = "bottom")
scale_y_discrete(..., expand = waiver(), position = "left")
...
is common discrete scale parameters including name
, breaks
, labels
, and limits
. For x
axis, the position input can be either “bottom” (default) or “top”. For y
axis, the position input can be either “left” (default) or “right”.
scale_x_date(...)
scale_y_date(...)
scale_x_datetime(...)
scale_y_datetime(...)
scale_x_time(...)
scale_y_time(...)
There are position scales functiosn specific to date/datetime variables.
The following example applies the log 10 scale to the y-axis.
# apply the log 10 scale to the y-axis
plot + scale_y_log10()
scale_*_manual(name, breaks, labels, limits, ..., values)
Scale manuals are used to create customized discrete scales. Such “manuals” are available for the following aesthetics:
colour
or color
fill
size
shape
linetype
alpha
The example below uses scale_colour_manual()
to specify the scale of colour
mapping.
plot + scale_colour_manual(
name = "",
breaks = c("Central", "Northern", "Southern"),
labels = c("Central region", "Northern region", "Southern region"),
values = c("#00ffff", "#ffff00", "#ff00ff")
)
ggplot2
offers many more functions to customize scales.
See the full documentation on scales here.
guides(...)
guide_legend(...)
guide_colourbar() # equivalent to guide_colorbar()
The guides refer to the axes and the legends that help viewers to interpret the plots. While most aspect of the guides can be controlled by scale functions, there are sometimes needs for additional fine-tuning.
The guides()
can be used to set (or remove) guides for each scale. The guide_legend()
is used as an input for each scale argument in guide()
(e.g., fill
) to specify the legend components for each visual properties (e.g. colour
, size
, alpha
, etc.). Similarly, guide_colourbar()
or guide_colorbar()
is used as an input for a scale arguement in guide()
to control the continous color bar.
The following example uses guides()
to control the legend title of colour
mapping and remove the legend for size
mapping.
plot + guides(
colour = guide_legend(title = "Region", title.position = "bottom"),
size = FALSE
)
plot + coord_cartesian()
ggplot2
offers multiple options for coordiante systems to plot data onto. The default option is coord_cartesian()
, which gives us the familiar-looking two-dimensional plain. The default coordiante system can be tweaked using coord_fixed()
(fixed aspect ratio of x
and y
axes), coord_flip()
(swapping x
and y
axes), coord_map()
(map projections) and coord_trans()
(transforming x
axis and/or y
axis).
In fact, some of the scale transformations (e.g. scale_*_log10
) we have seen earlier can be seen as shortcut functions for coord_trans()
.
As an alternative, the polar coordiante system can be used with coord_polar()
, which is most commonly used for creating a pie chart with ggplot2
.
Let’s quickly see how manipulating the coordinate system works. We have a bar plot that looks like the following:
# default plot
plot
What if we want to have bar plots that go horizaontally? This may be a reasonable choice if the x
axis values are two long and look bad on the plot. Applying coord_flip()
will take us there:
# with coord_flip()
plot + coord_flip()
The following is an example of creating a pie chart using coord_polar()
. Frankly, it is not the most intuitive way to create a pie chart, but it can be done:
# pie chart with coord_polar()
ggplot(ispcrime %>% filter(county == "Cook") %>% gather("type", "count", murder:aggAssault), aes("", count, fill = type)) +
geom_col(width = 1) +
coord_polar("y")
plot + facet_grid(facets, scales, ...)
plot + facet_wrap(facets, nrow, ncol, scales, ...)
ggplot2
implements a notion of facetting with facet_grid()
and facet_wrap()
, which together offer a great way to visualize multi-dimensional data as a series of 2D graphes. In both functions, facets
input takes a “formula” according to which the faceting is applied.
facet_grid
vs facet_wrap
Let us quickly compare facet_grid()
and facet_wrap()
. Although facet_grid()
and facet_wrap()
are mostly similar to each other, they differ where:
facet_grid()
facets the plot with a variable in a single direction (horizontal or vertical)facet_wrap()
simply places the facets next to each other and wraps them accoridng to the provided number of columns and/or rows.The following table describes how facet
formulas work in facet_grid()
and facet_wrap()
:
| Type | Formula | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Grid | facet_grid(. ~ x) |
Facet horizontally across x values |
| Grid | facet_grid(y ~ .) |
Facet vertically across y values |
| Grid | facet_grid(y ~ x) |
Facet 2-dimensionally |
| Wrap | facet_wrap(~ x) |
Facet across x values |
| Wrap | facet_wrap(~ x + y) |
Facet across x and y values |
Now we take a look at some examples to better understand how different facetting operations work. We uses a predefind plot that is a slightly modified version of the bubble plot we have seen above.
facet_grid()
examplesThe first example applies facet_grid()
for facetting the data horizontally using region
values.
# facet_grid horizontal
plot + facet_grid(. ~ region)
The second example is the same as the previous example, except that the scale is “freed up” so that each facet has its own scale for the x
(hosizontal) axis. We can verify this by looking at the x
axis of each facet.
# facet_grid horizontal with free scales
plot + facet_grid(. ~ region, scales = "free")
The next example applies facet_grid()
for facetting the data vertically using year
values.
# facet_grid vertical
plot + facet_grid(year ~ .)
We can get a two-dimensional facetting by combining horizonal and vertical facetting with facet_grid()
, like the following:
# facet_grid two-dimensional
plot + facet_grid(year ~ region)
facet_wrap()
examplesThe first facet_wrap()
example facets the plot based on year
values. Note that the plots are rearranged automatically into 2 rows and 2 columns.
# facet wrap
plot + facet_wrap(~ year)
It is possible to explicitly specify the arrangement of facets. In the following example, we forec the facet_wrap()
output to have 3 columns.
# facet wrap with specified nrow/ncol
plot + facet_wrap(~ year, ncol = 3)
We can combine multiple variables to create a more detailed facetting of plots, by adding more variables with +
operator. Each facet corresponds to a combination of the two varialbe values. This is also available with facet_grid()
. Remember that introducing more and more variables will lead to a uninformative plot.
# facet wrap with multiple variables
plot + facet_wrap(~ year + region, ncol = 3)
# themes
plot + theme_gray(base_size = 11, base_family = "")
Theme is what controls the overall appearance of the ggplot
visualiation. ggplot2
offers several predefined themes that can be quickly applied to the ggplot
object.
The default theme is theme_gray()
(or theme_grey()
… Remember? Wickham is Australian). The predefined theme takes two arguments for the base font size (base_size
) and font family (base_family
). base_size
input is a number, and base_family
is a string (e.g. “serif”, “sans”, “mono”).
In addition, ggthemes
pacakge offers additional predefined themes.
The following examples illustrate how each predefined theme looks like and how these themes differ from one another.
ggplot2
examplesWe will start with 8 predefined themes provided by ggplot2
:
plot + theme_gray() # this is the default
plot + theme_bw()
plot + theme_linedraw()
plot + theme_light()
plot + theme_dark()
plot + theme_minimal()
plot + theme_classic()
plot + theme_void()
ggthemes
examplesNow let’s see some predefined themes provided by ggthemes
. Please visit this vignette page to find out more ggthemes
options.
plot + ggthemes::theme_economist()
plot + ggthemes::theme_fivethirtyeight()
plot + ggthemes::theme_hc()
plot + ggthemes::theme_solarized()
plot + theme(...)
ggplot2
allows for a greater degree of flexibility on controlling thematic components via theme()
. theme()
ahs many arguments to control and motify individual components of a plot theme, including:
theme()
is a powerful function, but its wide range of choices make it difficult to go over all. That said, I recommend you to read the full documentation here.
ggplot2
extentions.
ggplot2
ggplot2
?”. r-statistics.co.


CSS Positioning
What are the differences between static, fixed, relative, and absolute positioning?
Dec 30, 2014
CSS positioning is a useful property to make complex layouts on your page. However, it is not easy to understand how different positioning works, especially for css beginners.
Let's figure out how to position elements using different positioning. CSS has 4 positioning methods: static, relative, absolute, and fixed positioning. I created an html file and will go through one by one.
1. Static positioning
If you do not specify elements' positioning, HTML elements are positioned static by default, which means the elements occurs where it would normally in the document.
As you see in Figure 0, I put elements in order of "A", "A1" in "A", "B", and "C". According to the order in the html file, each element occurs in the browser. I did not set any position for all those elements for now.
2. Fixed positioning
When an element has fixed positioning, it is positioned relative to the browser window, and always stays in the same place even though we scroll down the window.
Blue square (C) on the top-right side has fixed position, and you can see it does not move even though I scrolled down.
However, fixed positioning is not supported well in some mobile browsers.
3. Relative positioning
When you specify "position: relative" in CSS and do not give any extra properties on the element, relative positioning is the same as static positioning.
However, by using top, right, bottom, and left, you can move the element relative to where it would have occured if it had the static positioning. Let's move the yellow box (A1).Even though we moved the yellow box to the new location, the yellow box (A1) is considered that it still occupies its original space.
4. Absolute positioning
When we set position: absolute on an element, the element is positioned in relation to the first parent element whch does not have static positioning. If there's no such element, the element with position: absolute gets positioned relative to .
Let's first set position:absolute on yellow (A1) and green (B) box.
Since there is no parent element which has other than static position, the yellow box and the green box moved based on the browser window.
However, I want to put the yellow box inside of the red box. To do this, we need to use position:relative and position:absolute. When I set relative position on the red box (A), any elements within A -in this case, yellow box (A1)- will move relative to A.
As you see in the screen shot, I set relative position on A and absolute position on A1. Contrary to figure 4-2, the yellow box is located within the red box. However, the green box is located in the same place.


34 фотографии зимней Японии
by shootnikI Spent 3 Weeks In Japan This Winter, Here Are My Best Cyberpunk And Noir Film Inspired Photographs (34 Pics)
I spent 3 weeks in Sapporo this January, shooting streets during snowstorms. I'll share some of my favorite photos in this post. My name is Teemu, I'm an urbanwww.boredpanda.com
Вдохновленный стилями киберпанк и нуар фотограф Teemu Jarvinen


Increase Your Iman. Boost Your Knowledge. Improve Your Skill. Seize The Opportunity.
Simple Chic Daily Essentials. Local brand from Bandung, specialized in Totebags.


558_jotaki.java
class Solution {
public int minOperations(int[] nums1, int[] nums2) {
int total1 = 0;
int total2 = 0;
int[] counts1 = new int[7];
int[] counts2 = new int[7];
for (int num : nums1) {
total1 += num;
counts1[num]++;
}
for (int num : nums2) {
total2 += num;
counts2[num]++;
}
// Already same, don't need to change anything.
if (total1 == total2) {
return 0;
}
// Both sums must be equal, so for each possible sum, just find out
// min moves for each to reach that.
int M = nums1.length;
int N = nums2.length;
// Check if not possible no matter what.
if (M*6 < N || N*6 < M) {
return -1;
}
int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int minTotal = Math.max(M, N); // Larger one cannot go any smaller.
int maxTotal = Math.min(M, N) * 6; // Smaller one cannot go any larger.
for (int total = minTotal; total <= maxTotal; total++) {
int moves1 = getMoves(counts1, total, total1);
int moves2 = getMoves(counts2, total, total2);
if (moves1 != -1 && moves2 != -1) {
min = Math.min(min, moves1 + moves2);
}
}
return min;
}
public int getMoves(int[] counts, int target, int total) {
if (total == target) return 0;
int moves = 0;
// Best to decrease.
if (total > target) {
for (int val = 6; val >= 2; val--) {
if (counts[val] > 0) {
int count = counts[val];
int offset = total - target;
// Max we can change the total by changing this value to a 1.
int loss = val - 1;
int times = 0;
if (offset >= loss) {
times = Math.min(count, offset / loss);
moves += times;
total -= (times * loss);
}
int rem = count - times;
if (rem > 0) {
if (total > target) {
int diff = total - target;
// Just decrease by whatever remains.
if (loss >= diff) {
moves++;
total -= diff;
}
}
}
}
}
}
// Best to increase.
else {
for (int val = 1; val <= 5; val++) {
if (counts[val] > 0) {
int count = counts[val];
int offset = target - total;
int gain = 6 - val;
int times = 0;
if (offset >= gain) {
times = Math.min(count, offset / gain);
moves += times;
total += (times * gain);
}
int rem = count - times;
if (rem > 0) {
if (target > total) {
int diff = target - total;
if (gain >= diff) {
moves++;
total += diff;
}
}
}
}
}
}
if (total != target) {
return -1;
}
else {
return moves;
}
}
}


Hi! I'm {{ .Site.Params.author }}, an undergraduate student at UT Austin studying biology. I'm currently taking the pre-med route as I have a great aspiration to attend medical school in hopes of becoming a pediatric surgeon. I dream of one day, making a difference in my community and being a role model to young Latina's pursuing a career in the medical field.
I love all things traveling, outdoor activities, and music. Spending quality time with family and friends is also something I cherish.
Have a look at some of my working projects.
For more check out my academic & professional resume.
Feel free to contact me by email. Hook em!
{{ partial "social.html" . }}


Arrays vs. Hashes - A Methodical Discussion
06/29/14
In contrasting arrays and hashes and considering scenarios in which to use one or the other, it's helpful to first consider their public methods and look at meaningful overlap (or lack of overlap). Below I've pasted the methods available to only arrays and only hashes, and the methods available to both.
Hashes and arrays share 32 methods. Arrays have a total of 94 methods, meaning that 62 methods are unique to arrays (and are not available for hashes). Hashes have a total of 56 methods, so only 24 are unique to hashes and unavailable to arrays.
Already this superficially shows us that arrays are a little more malleable - a larger number of methods generally means more diverse operations possible. However, we can further discuss what types of methods are common or unique, and consider their implications for how to best use each.
Both can be created with ::new, and new elements can be appended to both using #[]=. With both arrays and hashes, we can test collection-level equality and whether one array/hash has the same elements, ordering, and size as another one. Methods like #assoc, #fetch, #include? are common to both collectiosn and can tell us whether certain elements are in the collection. Both have the #each method to loop through the collection and execute a block for every element.
Arrays are unique in that the elements in the array are sort of all one type, whereas hashes' elements are key-value pairs. With this sort of collection in an explicit (index-based) order, certain mathematical functions make more sense. Arrays have unique functions like finding the intersection between two arrays, finding the difference between two arrays, finding combinations and permutations of elements, and extracting unique elements from an array. Since order is more important than for hashes, there are more methods to manipulate order (e.g. rotate and shuffle) and specify locations for inserting or removing elements (e.g. slice and insert). THe use of nested arrays is also common, so methods like #bsearch (finds an array within array with given condition) and #transpose are unique to arrays.
Hashes have elements that are key-value pairs, and the methods unique to hashes are related to this. There are methods that test for the existence of specific keys or values (i.e. #has_key? or #has_value?), and methods like #default that check default value assignments if no value is explicitly given for a key. There are also methods unique to hashes that update a hash with new information - this includes #merge, which creates a new hash with elements from two other hashes, and in the case of same keys, overwriting with the new hash's values. Also in this category is #rehash, which updates the hash if key objects change.
So what's the conclusion? This discussion of methods should hopefully help in deciding whether to use an array or hash for any specific purpose based on what needs to be done. If we're expecting to manipulate the order of elements and the elements are largely independent of each other aside from belonging to the same collection, an array is likely the better choice. If there are relationships among a collection of elements such as pairings or groupings of elements into named subsets, a hash may be more convenient and intuitive.
#&
#*
#+
#-
#<<
#<=>
#at
#bsearch
#collect
#collect!
#combination
#compact
#compact!
#concat
#count
#cycle
#delete_at
#drop
#drop_while
#each_index
#fill
#find_index
#first
#flatten!
#frozen?
#index
#initialize_copy
#insert
#join
#last
#map
#map!
#pack
#permutation
#pop
#product
#push
#repeated_combination
#repeated_permutation
#reverse
#reverse!
#reverse_each
#rindex
#rotate
#rotate!
#sample
#shuffle
#shuffle!
#slice
#slice!
#sort
#sort!
#sort_by!
#take
#take_while
#to_ary
#transpose
#uniq
#uniq!
#unshift
#zip
#|
::[]
::new
::try_convert
#==
#[]
#[]=
#assoc
#clear
#delete
#delete_if
#each
#empty?
#eql?
#fetch
#flatten
#hash
#include?
#inspect
#keep_if
#length
#rassoc
#reject
#reject!
#replace
#select
#select!
#shift
#size
#to_a
#to_h
#to_s
#values_at
#compare_by_identity
#compare_by_identity?
#default
#default=
#default_proc
#default_proc=
#each_key
#each_pair
#each_value
#has_key?
#has_value?
#invert
#key
#key?
#keys
#member?
#merge
#merge!
#rehash
#store
#to_hash
#update
#value?
#values


I made all of the following projects in Grasshopper.
Multimaterial 3D printed flexible wheels with embedded scales for traction
for a high performance climbing robot at the Harvard Biodesign Lab.
Made in Grashopper and completely parametric, the wheel height, width, thickness, scale count, scale size, and honeycomb structure can all be adjusted on the fly.
A parametric model for generating realistic
bird egg patterning using Grasshopper and C# for Princeton's Stoddard Lab.
The eggs are part of an ongoing project studying animal coloration and
avian sensory ecology, physiology, and morphology.
A 3D printed multimaterial flexible model of fish skin with rigid scales embedded, for studying the hydrodynamics effects of different fish scale morphologies. Done for Harvard's Lauder Lab.
Scale size, depth in skin, angle, and many properties of the ctenii (spines) are exposed parameters in Grasshopper.
S


Implemented Algorithms¶
Statistical Based Methods¶
Methods |
Algorithm |
Class API |
|---|---|---|
CBLOF |
Clustering-Based Local Outlier Factor |
:class: |
HBOS |
Histogram-based Outlier Score |
:class: |
IFOREST |
Isolation Forest |
:class: |
KNN |
k-Nearest Neighbors |
:class: |
LOF |
Local Outlier Factor |
:class: |
OCSVM |
One-Class Support Vector Machines |
:class: |
PCA |
Principal Component Analysis |
:class: |
RobustCovariance |
Robust Covariance |
:class: |
SOD |
Subspace Outlier Detection |
:class: |
Deep Learning Based Methods¶
Methods |
Algorithm |
Class API |
|---|---|---|
autoencoder |
Outlier detection using replicator neural networks |
:class: |
dagmm |
Deep autoencoding gaussian mixture model for unsupervised anomaly detection |
:class: |
Time Serie Methods¶
Methods |
Algorithm |
Class API |
|---|---|---|
lstmad |
Long short term memory networks for anomaly detection in time series |
:class: |
lstmencdec |
LSTM-based encoder-decoder for multi-sensor anomaly detection |
:class: |
luminol |
Linkedin’s luminol |
:class: |


Choosing the right strategy and parallel execution settings can substantially impact execution times of your application build. Apache maven surefire plugin offers a variety of options to execute tests in parallel, allows you to make best use of the hardware.
Parallel test execution
Obvious configuration is by using the parallel parameter, useUnlimitedThreads allows for an unlimited number of threads. unless specified useUnlimitedThreads=true, the parameter threadCount can be used with the optional parameter perCoreThreadCount=true
Sample surefire plugin configuration with parallel all and useUnlimitedThreads
The possible values for parallel parameter includes methods, classes, both, suites, suitesAndClasses, suitesAndMethods, classesAndMethods or all
In below example, the number of concurrent methods is not strictly limited: parallel=classesAndMethods, threadCount=8 , threadCountClasses=3. the number of parallel methods is varying from 5 to 7.
Surefire reuses threads, thus optimize the thread-counts and parallelOptimized of the number of Threads is enabled by default
Sample with threadCount configuration


|
SlugSat ACS
0.2.0
This repository contains source code for the Attitude Control System (ACS) onboard SlugSat.
|
Reads the solar panels to find solar vectors. More...
#include <ACS.h>
Go to the source code of this file.
Functions | |
| SV_Status | findSolarVector (float *adc_readings, char num_panels, Matrix v) |
| Calculates a solar vector from solar panel current measurements. More... | |
| void | printSolarVector (Matrix v, char *string) |
| Prints yaw and pitch of a solar vector relative to the +X unit vector. More... | |
Reads the solar panels to find solar vectors.
This module contains functions for finding and printing solar vectors from solar panel current measurements.
Created by Galen Savidge. Edited 5/12/2019.
Calculates a solar vector from solar panel current measurements.
| adc_readings | filtered readings from the ADC |
| num_panels | the number of solar panels to use (6 or 5) |
| v | an allocated 3x1 column vector Matrix to hold the solar vector |
| adc_readings | [xp, xm, yp, ym, zp, (zm)] |
| num_panels | the number of solar panels to use (6 or 5) |
| v | an allocated 3x1 column vector Matrix to hold the solar vector |
| void printSolarVector | ( | Matrix | v, |
| char * | string | ||
| ) |
Prints yaw and pitch of a solar vector relative to the +X unit vector.
| m | a normalized 3x1 column vector Matrix |
| string | char array with size at least 24 to hold the result |
Prints yaw and pitch of a solar vector relative to the +X unit vector.
| Normalized | 3x1 column vector Matrix, string to hold the result |


--- layout: newsstory title: JUST THE LEAGUE TO WIN match: WSC Moor Green 3 Yeltz 0 ---
It's a shame to go out of any cup, but we've got much more important things to concetrate on this year. A bit of a stuffing really by Moor Green which I suppose gives them a little revenge for our FA Cup victory earlier in the season.
We've now got 10 league games left and 7 of those are at The Grove, so let's hope we can storm to the title with a string of victories. First up are bottom placed Swindon Supermarine on Saturday who have been slightly improved of late, but let's hope for another 3 points.
Weston drew 2-2 last night against Evesham, which was nice. It's Chippenham v Weston on Saturday, so obviously at least one of them must drop some points too.
Moor Green: Rachel; Robinson, Brighton, Gillard, Softley, Stanley, Myers (Scheppel), Lamey (Petty), Crisp (Gayle), Martin, Peer. Subs: Carter, Antiss
Halesowen Town: Clarke; Colwell, Burnham, N. Smith, L. Collins, Newell, Spencer, G. Smith, Jones, R. Collins, Hines. Sub: Skidmore, Taylor, Phillips, Bailey, Garvey
Referee: A. McIlravey (Redditch) Attendance: 307
A Les Hines freekick dropped awkwardly into the Moor Green area after 8 minutes and just escaped the head of Neil Smith before bouncing out into safety for a goalkick. The Moors took a 10th minute lead after an uncharacteristic mistake by Lee Collins on the right let in Mark Crisp to cross for leading goalscorer Nathan Lamey to prod in his 27th goal of the season. Gary Smith almost equalised in the 13th minute on the break but after cleverly turning the last defender shot straight at the legs of goalkeeper Adam Rachel. Halesowen eventually tidied up some defensive confusion in the 35th minute after a slip by Lee Collins and a bad clearance kick from Tim Clarke.
Seven minutes into the second half Andy Spencer headed a Hines cross just wide but Halesowen went 2-0 down in the 74th minute when a deep cross from Jae Martin was chested down and despatched from 12 yards past Clarke by the dangerous Lamey. Jason Burnham's 25 yard effort from a freekick was held by Rachel after 80 minutes and Clarke did well to pluck out a Martin shot two minutes later. Four minutes from time a left wing cross from Martin was volleyed home by substitute Danny Scheppel for Moor Green's third goal.
News of a 2-2 home draw for Weston-SM brought some relief to the end of the evening - despite the earlier report from the Yeltz statistician who watched the game believing Weston had won 2-1! With Halesowen bowing out of their involvement in Cup football for the 2001-02 season, it's now time to concentrate fully on the final ten league games.


[gecode-users] Path constraint
Henrik
hjense07 at student.aau.dk
Sun Dec 18 21:36:06 CET 2011
Hi,
I might might as well say that i am a newbie at Gecode. I have been looking into
creating a path constraint for the TSP example created by Schulte.
As you probably know it implements a circuit constraint.
What i have done is change the circuit constraint with a path constraint, and
added a start and end IntVar.
I have then altered the "Actual model" so instead of:
TSP(const SizeOptions& opt)
: p(ps[opt.size()]),
succ(*this, p.size(), 0, p.size()-1),
total(*this, 0, p.max())
it instead says:
TSP(const SizeOptions& opt)
: p(ps[opt.size()]),
succ(*this, p.size(), 0, p.size()),
start(*this,0,p.size()),
end(*this,0,p.size()),
total(*this, 0, p.max())
When i run it the program shows part of a route/path and then fails. My question
is: Is there something which i have done wrong in the code provided?
Thanks in advance,
Henrik.
More information about the users
mailing list


Manages the UI for the CalibrateState. This state UI manages the automatic transition to the next state, if the ARSession has found sufficient trackables to have a stable experience.
More...
Manages the UI for the CalibrateState. This state UI manages the automatic transition to the next state, if the ARSession has found sufficient trackables to have a stable experience.
◆ Construct()
◆ OnCheckSatisfaction()
| void CalibrateUI.OnCheckSatisfaction |
( |
float |
_satisfactionPercentage | ) |
|
|
inlineprivate |
◆ OnDisable()
| void CalibrateUI.OnDisable |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlineprivate |
◆ OnEnable()
| void CalibrateUI.OnEnable |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlineprivate |
◆ OnPlaneAdded()
| void CalibrateUI.OnPlaneAdded |
( |
ARPlaneAddedEventArgs |
args | ) |
|
|
inlineprivate |
◆ OnPointCloudUpdated()
| void CalibrateUI.OnPointCloudUpdated |
( |
ARPointCloudUpdatedEventArgs |
obj | ) |
|
|
inlineprivate |
◆ OnRestart()
| void CalibrateUI.OnRestart |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlineprivate |
◆ OnSkipButtonPressed()
| void CalibrateUI.OnSkipButtonPressed |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlineprivate |
◆ OnStart()
| void CalibrateUI.OnStart |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlineprivate |
◆ Reset()
| void CalibrateUI.Reset |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlineprivate |
◆ m_dialogBuilderFactory
◆ m_planeManager
| ARPlaneManager CalibrateUI.m_planeManager |
|
private |
◆ m_planeSatisfaction
| ReactiveProperty<int> CalibrateUI.m_planeSatisfaction |
|
private |
◆ m_pointCloudManager
| ARPointCloudManager CalibrateUI.m_pointCloudManager |
|
private |
◆ m_pointSatisfaction
| ReactiveProperty<int> CalibrateUI.m_pointSatisfaction |
|
private |
◆ m_progressSlider
| Slider CalibrateUI.m_progressSlider |
◆ m_resetButton
| Button CalibrateUI.m_resetButton |
◆ m_settings
◆ m_skipButton
| Button CalibrateUI.m_skipButton |
◆ m_state
◆ m_subscription
| IDisposable CalibrateUI.m_subscription |
|
private |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


Detroit Rock City * * (out of * * * * )
Directed by Adam Rifkin. Cast: Edward Furlong, Sam Huntington, James DeBello, Giuseppe Andrews, Lin Shaye, Natasha Lyonne, Melanie Lynskey, Shannon Tweed, Kevin Corrigan. Special Appearances: KISS (Gene Simmons, Paul Stanley, Ace Frehley, Peter Criss). 1999 - 94 minutes.  Reviewed August 14, 1999.
Set over a 24-hour period in 1978, "Detroit Rock City," directed by first-timer Adam Rifkin, is nothing much more than an ode to the hard rock/heavy-metal music scene, particularly the band, KISS, fans of which this loud, lewd, and crude comedy was made exclusively for. You do not, however, have to like them in order to enjoy the film, as proven by myself. Watching the film, I was entertained for the most part, even though it was obvious where the story was going every step of the way, but once it was over, the nagging question on my mind, as well as probably everyone else's, was, "What exactly was the point?"
The movie doesn't take any time to get started, nor does it ever stop until the end credits begin, as we follow four stoner teenage boys who are determined to acquire tickets to the highly-publicized KISS concert in Detroit, Michigan, no matter what. Comprising an amateur metal band of their own, the members that make up KISS are their ultimate role models, and seeing them perform live has been something they have been attempting to do for three years straight. Once in Detroit, the film breaks off to follow each of the four protagonists on their own wild and wacky adventures. After Jam's (Sam Huntington) religious, chain-smoking mother (Lin Shaye) catches him with KISS tickets (whom she has dubbed the "Knights In Satan's Service"), she quickly dispatches of them and takes him to a boarding school. When Jam's three friends break him out of the joint and make it to the titled city, Jam's mother, there to protest the concert with other outraged parents, sees her son in the crowd and forces him to go to church and make a confession. While in there, a girl from school (Melanie Lynskey) who has had a long-time crush on him and is about the move away with her parents, runs into him and they have a quick tryst within the confessional. The leader of the group, Hawk (Edward Furlong), doesn't have enough money to pay the scalper, so he enters a strip contest at the local bar, and inadvertently catches the eyes of a voluptuous older woman (Shannon Tweed). Trip (James DeBello) attempts to steal some tickets off of a young kid at a convenience store, and gets into big trouble when he finds the child is with his much, much bigger older brother.
"Detroit Rock City" has enough extra energy for several movies, and with a constant fast pace and 94-minute running time, doesn't overstay its welcome. Slight, stupid, and sparingly sweet in a few spots, the film fails, in part, due to the characters themselves. All of the subplots that are developed throughout are instantly dropped once the foursome inevitably make it inside the concert, watch KISS perform one song, and...well, that's it. The end credits blaze across the scene so quickly that it not only leaves you feeling unsatisfied, but also clueless as to why some of the up-and-coming actors even appeared in the movie, only to be wasted.
The performances of the four main characters are servicable enough, but are no match for the colorful supporting players, all of which give it their valiant best, even when they have nothing to do. After making a splash in Woody Allen's magical 1996 musical, "Everyone Says I Love You," Natasha Lyonne has mostly been placed in small secondary roles (also see "Krippendorf's Tribe" and "American Pie") that do not give this big talent nearly enough to do. As the disco-loving Christine, Lyonne garners one of the film's biggest laughs but disappears for almost the rest of the film, only to make a brief appearance towards the end that has no payoff. Also a standout is Lin Shaye, as Jam's strict mother. Shaye not only has the most fun in her somewhat juicy comic role, but is also downright hysterically funny, and has a concluding scene that is even a little touching. Shaye, notable mostly for her standout role in "There's Something About Mary," is quickly becoming one of the queens of the "supporting roles," right up there with Janeane Garofalo and Parker Posey. And Melanie Lynskey, as the girl who pines for Jam from afar, momentarily brings some unexpected warmth to her scenes, but like the rest of the minor characters, leaves the proceedings too soon.
With one of the best film soundtracks to come along in some time (right up there with "Dick" and "Summer of Sam"), the '70s music keeps the movie energetic and lively, with a few original, lesser-known song choices. Additionally, the outstanding costume designs and set decoration capture the period flavor extremely well, and the lively cinematography, by John R. Leonetti, often feels like you are watching a prolonged MTV advertisement. "Detroit Rock City" is a passable time-waster, but shouldn't director Rifkin have aimed just a little bit higher in the substance department, so that the movie wouldn't be totally devoid of a reason for being? Coming at a time when "American Pie" has already depicted four boys losing their virginity at the same time, and "Forces of Nature" involved a comic scene in a strip joint, most of the movie feels just plain outdated, even for being set over two decades ago. A nice, respective try, but "Detroit Rock City" just misses the mark.
- Copyright 1999 by Dustin Putman. Http://hometown.aol.com/FilmFan16/index.html
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


{% extends "tracker/base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block content %}
Track your precious time without loosing any of it and start running your business like a clockwork.
Never ever loose the overview about your invested time and always keep track which project profited the most of you.
Working for different organizations and even running some private projects? No problem! Independent application scopes allow you to manage all of them in the same application.


Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View > Class Template Reference
View nodes in view-value graph. More...
#include <view-val-graph.hh>
Public Member Functions | |
| ViewNode (void) | |
| Initialize node for a non-view. | |
| ViewNode (View x) | |
| Initialize new node for view x. | |
| Edge< View > * | val_edges (void) const |
| Return first edge of all value edges. | |
| Edge< View > ** | val_edges_ref (void) |
| Return pointer to first edge fields of all value edges. | |
| bool | fake (void) const |
| Test whether node has a fake view. | |
| View | view (void) const |
| Return view. | |
| void | update (void) |
| Update size of view after change. | |
| bool | changed (void) const |
| Return whether view has changed its size. | |
| bool | matched (void) const |
| Whether the node is matched. | |
Protected Attributes | |
| unsigned int | _size |
| The size of the view after last change. | |
| View | _view |
| The node's view. | |
| Edge< View > * | _val_edges |
| The first value edge. |
Detailed Description
template<class View>
class Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View >
View nodes in view-value graph.
Definition at line 174 of file view-val-graph.hh.
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
template<class View >
| Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View >::ViewNode | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
template<class View>
| Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View >::ViewNode | ( | View | x | ) | [inline] |
Member Function Documentation
template<class View >
| Edge< View > * Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View >::val_edges | ( | void | ) | const [inline] |
template<class View >
| Edge< View > ** Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View >::val_edges_ref | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
template<class View >
| bool Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View >::fake | ( | void | ) | const [inline] |
template<class View >
| View Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View >::view | ( | void | ) | const [inline] |
template<class View >
| void Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View >::update | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
template<class View >
| bool Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View >::changed | ( | void | ) | const [inline] |
template<class View >
| bool Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View >::matched | ( | void | ) | const [inline] |
Member Data Documentation
template<class View>
unsigned int Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View >::_size [protected] |
The size of the view after last change.
Definition at line 177 of file view-val-graph.hh.
template<class View>
View Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View >::_view [protected] |
The node's view.
Definition at line 179 of file view-val-graph.hh.
template<class View>
Edge<View>* Gecode::Int::ViewValGraph::ViewNode< View >::_val_edges [protected] |
The first value edge.
Definition at line 181 of file view-val-graph.hh.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:
- gecode/int/view-val-graph.hh
- gecode/int/view-val-graph/node.hpp


We understand the challenge of technology defense having worked with hundreds of customers, vendors, and partners across a variety of industries.
Because every client environment is different, our team of consultants and engineers are vendor-agnostic and build solutions anticipating our client's outcomes and not specific products.
A mature technology program empowered by effective security architecture is one with lower risks, efficient operations, threat and vulnerability awareness, decreased fragility, and increased ability to adapt and react. Locked understands the attacker and translates this to creating effective defensive controls for your business, data, and customers.
We believe in providing technology solutions that are built around your specific business needs and budget.
Our approach is to deliver IT products and systems that are designed to help you get the most for your technology investment using vendor and open-source solutions best suited to the unique needs of your organization.
Our depth and breadth of real-world experience in large-scale environments enables us to assess, scope, and complete projects efficiently. Our architects work closely with your team to determine the solution that best fits your company’s needs and constraints.
A Virtual CISO can provide you with expert guidance, strategic leadership, and minimize related costs.
Most businesses and organizations don’t need a full-time information security officer, but nearly all of them can benefit from occasional expert advice in making critical decisions.
Our Virtual CIO advisory service gives you access to a range of expertise to assist you in understanding the issues you encounter and managing your technology.
These services are provided on retainer with a guaranteed access to expertise when you need it so that you can focus on your business.
Locked got their start in acedemic supercomputing, development startups, ISPs, and credit networks of the early 90s. Abandoning most other aspects of their lives to put together and run things that mattered to the lives of others implementing new technology and making it inter-operate with other friendly systems.
When users and systems haven't been so friendly, they ran security incidents, e-janitoring and re-architecting tech stacks, gathering evidence, and improving conditions so that history is less likely to repeat itself.
Having seen many excellent examples of both sterling technology practices and pronounced avoidable anti-patterns of how not to do things, our staff was recruited by consulting outfits to work on projects involving system administration, network management, software deployment and development, integration activities, and special projects for technology management and security operations.
It is our passion to create stable, trusted, and well-run technology products, processes, and services for our clients using the resources and manpower available. We like to solve problems.
Technology security is not a process in itself, but a product of a well run technology practice. The recurring problems of security in technology has mostly been that design considerations being detached from technology planning and management.
Making decisions without a good model or in implicit acceptance of risk without analysis are rooted in misalignment of risks and objective. These are common problems in most organizations, and we've helped our clients adjust their positions to a more measured and intentional approach.
To this end, Locked's work has been in establishing data and security programs that meet the goals of their clients and their partners since before the internet was generally available and continues to this day.
Principal
Network Architect


Activity name
Owner
First activity
John Smith
Second activity
Ann Robertson
Third activity
Laura Zombie


In this course we will learn about some basic statistical calculations using R programming language. This course is intended for non-statistical students/researchers. At the end of the course you will be able to carry out some basic mathematical and statistical calculations for your assignments, project works etc.
R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphics representation and reporting. R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team. R is freely available under the GNU General Public License, and pre-compiled binary versions are provided for various operating systems like Linux, Windows and Mac. This programming language was named R, based on the first letter of first name of the two R authors (Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka), and partly a play on the name of the Bell Labs Language S.
R is a free-to-use and open-sourced programming language that is widely used for statistical as well as various Socio-Economical studies.
In this course we will be using two different applications,
R can be downloaded from the following link:
https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/
“RStudio is a set of integrated tools designed to help you be more productive with R. It includes a console, syntax-highlighting editor that supports direct code execution, and a variety of robust tools for plotting, viewing history, debugging and managing your workspace.”
R Studio can be downloaded from the following link:
https://www.rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/
Note: If you are using a 32bit Operating system then the latest R Studio 1.2.xxx will not support in your machine. You can download older version 1.1.xxx from HERE
Though we will use R studio for our calculations, but R is essential for proper functioning of R studio.
R Studio by default open 4 different windows.
The Script window can be considered as a notepad where we can write our codes which can be edited according to requirement. Another advantage of writing our code in script is that we can save our script as a text file with .R
extension.
The Console window is where the actual programming is executed and the outcomes are shown.
We can type Ctrl + Enter
to run a particular code from the script window without typing it in the console window.


List of projects I've worked on by myself: Tree-Magotchi Socket 4 (without sockets) List of projects I've contributed to: Mission Control Fooder Oinker Digi4 JJ Editor Other Projects Music: Joan Torres's All Is Fused SURGE Raices Rusticas Fernando Garcia Thanks for dropping by!


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Charity description.