How to Make an app like Airbnb - Develop your own Vacation Rental App
My take on making an app like Airbnb, leveraging my experience of working with 50+ Airbnb type app startups. Learn everything that you need to build and develop an app like Airbnb for vacation rental.
There has been a lot of talk about vacation rental niche being oversaturated. But a giant like Airbnb currently owns only 10-15% of the vacation rental market. This leaves 40-50% of the market for other startups to disrupt. In fact, this leaves a huge space for another unicorn to disrupt this niche.
Before we go deep into the blog post let me brief you my thoughts behind writing this article. I know that building startups are hard, building tech startups are even harder, and after working with many startups, I just wanted to lower down the tech barrier for startups. No matter what you are trying to rent out with your app, the technology lessons will keep your app performant, and make your customers happy.
What will you learn here?
- Basic Features of a Vacation Rental App
- Tech stack to be used for making an MVP
- Recommended Architecture to develop an app like Airbnb MVP
- Advanced Features to Delight your users
- Geolocation Map
- Improving Application Security
- In-app Chat Functionality
- Marketing, Analytics and Customer support
An app like Airbnb, even in its simplest form will allow hosts to list their property and travellers to search properties according to location. Further, travellers should be able to book property and make an online payment.
On top that, you can build other important features like in-app chat for host-guest communication and review/rating feature for both hosts and guests. Let’s list down the features you will be required to build the MVP.
What features make a typical app like Airbnb?
Organizations and startups generally start with above diagram, but, in case if you are building the final specifications of your application do match them with your feature checklist:
- Sign up and Sign in
- Account: Notification, payment methods, transaction history, a referral from Facebook or email, wishlist
- User profiles, reviews, and recommendations
- Search functionality: Search by – destination, check in and check out dates, no. of guests, price slider, property type
- Messaging – Inbox for each user (Host and customer)
- Host: A host has functionalities like Manage listing, Reservations, policies
- Identification for Hosts and Customers: to prevent frauds and for security purposes
How does an app like Airbnb work?
Typical booking flow of an app like Airbnb is as follows:
- A host lists his/her property details along with pricing, rules, facilities available, etc sometimes even with nearby attractions
- A user that is looking for a vacation rental searches for a place on the app. They typically set destination, zip codes, a search radius, price range and other preferences
- Upon finding a perfect place to rent, a user then makes a booking request
- The host receives a booking request and then decides whether to approve or not
- If a host approves a request, an amount gets deducted from user’s bank via a payment gateway
- After the stay, the payment automatically gets paid to the host
- User and host both review each other
Now that we have spoken about “the obvious”, let’s see what tech stack these apps are built from and how you can leverage my 10+ years of architecting such application to craft your own app.
Tech stack for an app like Airbnb
To build an app like Airbnb, you need some or all of the below-given tech stack.
- Programming Language: Javascript, Kotlin or Swift
- Front End Frameworks: Angular, React.js, Express.js
- Backend technologies or Frameworks: Ruby on Rails, Django, Node.js, Meteor.js
- Server Side technologies: AWS, Azure, OpenStack, DigitalOcean, Google Cloud
- Network level caching services: Nginx, Redis
- Databases: MySQL, MSSQL, MongoDB, Azure DocumentDB, Cassandra, PostgreSQL
Architecture for an Airbnb like App
Right from the start, I was able to write high performing code and was able to bring efficiency out of it. But, guess what?
“Writing efficient code” vs “system level architecture” is very different. One requires you to think inside of a box, while the later requires you to think outside of the box.
When multiple services are working together, you don’t know where the failure is going to happen. Keep in mind, failure will happen. Anything that you don’t control (3rd party services like payment, email, etc) could fail, and if those are tied closely to your core services, they will fail too. Hence, the complexities!
“When complex systems work together, it is no longer about individual component-level failures”
I am putting together an architecture here for the features we spoke about. Without talking about why this architecture is so great, let me walk you through some real business challenges this architecture is going to solve here:
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There are more users that will use “search” than users that will make a booking. You will have to make sure that the search is performant, but at the same time, you will have to ensure that the failure of search services doesn’t take down your app’s booking functionality. Booking is a core feature, and if I were to prioritize, I would prioritize this above everything else.
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Chat is a two-way freeway. We usually talk about creating an API (helps your app communicate with cloud application and database), but in this case, an API won’t be able to handle chat, search and booking altogether. Keep a note that chat is real-time, single threaded(jargon!) and a high resource hungry operation. There is a need to create a separate queue service that times messages and communication with chat services.
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Third party services like payment gateways, verification services, customer support, etc go down all the time. Sadly, 90% uptime is not sufficient! But this has a domino effect. For example, in poorly written apps, such failures tend to take the entire system down. For example, if your chat service provider is down, there’s no reason for your listing search to not work. To me, that’s a poorly thought out technology piece.
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What if a host is adding his/her property details to the app just tapped “submit” button and loses internet connection at the same time? Well, the hours that he/she had put behind adding images, description, title, details, etc are now gone. Mobile forms aren’t easy, web forms could be friendly, but then again do consider the attention time. Your app just asked someone to spend 20 minutes filling in some information that now suddenly is nowhere. Chances are that you are going to lose the user
These are some of the high-level business and tech architectural challenges I see an app like Airbnb face.
There are even more details like building microservices, architectural patterns, etc but don’t confuse yourself with them for now. All you have to think about is a simple, MVP-scalable solution that is extremely flexible to help your startup or organizations pivot when needed without costing you the earth.

Step #1: Let’s first create an app’s user and a backend for this user
Step #2: Let’s divide your app’s backend into real services/functionalities. We are doing that as we want to separate services/functionalities that could actually crash each other. As I said before, we definitely want to separate all third-party services as we don’t control them at all.
For your app the following are critical:
- Search services
- Booking services
- Payment services
- Offline-online synchronization services
- 3rd party services
- Chat services
So, here’s what an evolved version of your architecture from step 1 looks like:
Step #3: Understand that your mobile app and web users are different, they would be using different modes (API in our case) to communicate with your cloud application/backend services. I recommended this split, as it is required to prevent API level failures. Doing so would make sure that even if your mobile app isn’t allowing a user to book a place, your web app still does.
So, here’s the evolved architecture:
Looks great right? But, here’s where a software architect would dive into more details. Keep a note that this process is fairly simple, only the lack of open source knowledge restricts this from everyone to follow it.
Let’s move on to step 4 and see where this architecture would go from here.
Step #4: Now, let’s define the components with a bit more detail.
You have the following options for your API services:
- REST: Used for majority of the APIs developed currently
- GraphQL: Touted replacement of REST APIs
#Booking services
The booking services can be written into any of the following programming languages:
- Python
- PHP
- Javascript (node.js)
The booking related information is stored in a MySQL database that brings reliable data storage to the Booking related events. Any disruption in a database server would mean that a user that just booked a property wouldn’t be able to get the status of his booking, chances are that the booking never happened either.
Search and chat services
You will read on how to implement effective search later in the sections that follow, but I would emphasize the difference in usage of Search vs other services. Your app’s users would probably use chat and search a lot more than most other functionalities.
As you can see in the diagram below, I have separated search and chat services. Search services are accessed using API services, whereas, for chat service, I suggest using a queue service like Amazon MQ or any 3rd party services that we have listed below.
Step #5: We aren’t still dealing with offline-online synchronization effectively. One fatal flaw in the entire architecture is the lack of offline support. To handle this effectively on mobile, we can use either Firebase, Realm or Couchbase to store data locally till user’s mobile is in-network again. Similarly, for the web app, you can build simpler services to handle offline storage.
Advanced Features to Delight your users
By now, you have an app that can scale to 100,000+ users, work without disruption and is flexible enough to support any modification you might need along the way to reach a product market fit. Now that you have a solid foundation for your app, let’s improve your app’s performance and user experience. We will talk about how to build features within your app to delight your app’s users.
I am going to discuss the following features:
- User verification
- App search
- Booking features
- Comparison of different listings
- Trip cancellation
- In-app calendar
- Payment integration and management
- Geolocation
- AR and VR driven experiences
- Application security
- Chat functionality
- SEO optimized single page apps
In the sections that proceed, we will evaluate each of these features in details.
User Verification to build a spam-free, secure app
This is the most important part of your application to create and maintain a trusted environment. it is essential for host’s security and guest’s travel experience. Here we will see verification process and its implementation for both hosts and Guests.
When users sign up as a Host to list their property, you need to verify their online identity and physical identity. Airbnb collects identity verification information such as images of government-issued ID, passport, national ID card, or driving license, as permitted by applicable laws.
For identity verification, you need to ask users to upload their images of government Id and selfie or scanned headshot. Further, you need to match user’s image with document image to check that both are same. This process requires machine learning technology to validate a user’s identity document with a facial image.
Using third-party tools for identity verification
For a majority of the on-demand apps, I see the need to enforce identity verification at the very early stages. The reason is pretty simple, renting out your expensive real estate to someone you just met over the internet is dangerous.
Now, the good part is that it won’t cost you a lot to do that!
You can simply use providers like Jumio, Shufti Pro, Onfido, etc to enable automatic identity verification within your app. I bet your investors would love that too!
The table below would help you pick up the right identity verification service:
Optimize your app’s search to deliver performance
In an app like Airbnb, the search is one of the most important interfaces which your user is most likely to interact in the first place. In Fact, it is one such primary interface that can make or break your app.
Why you need a better search in an app like Airbnb?
Search is not magic, significant engineering goes behind it to have a search that performs well. The challenge with implementing a search with an Airbnb type app can better be illustrated with the following analogy.
Try to search a name from a list of 10 people on the same page, easy?
Try search a name from a list of 1000 people on the same notebook (alphabetically ordered), not very easy, right?
Try searching name from 1000 people from 10 different notebooks, painful?
Now, think about searching a name from 1,000,000+ listings, from 100+ books. Got my point?
When I started helping startups with their tech stack, we had to implement complicated search algorithms on our own. I used to refer to papers on B-tree search and what not…
Fast forward in 2018, we have solutions in place to replace this expensive custom engineering, provided you know what you are picking.
A typical search for an Airbnb app should support the following search filters:
- Destination
- Property type
- Price range
- Availability
- Housing capacity
- And many more…
The easiest route for implementing a listing search that scales
For implementing a fast, performant search in your Airbnb type application, I have found ElasticSearch and AWS ElasticSearch to be of great help. Both of them offer similar search capabilities, the difference though is that the former requires you to manage the services. With AWS ElasticSearch, you get hassle-free search solution, but that comes at a price.
Usually, this type of search functionality is not something which is straightforward to implement.
For those who don’t know, Elasticsearch is a super fast open-source full-text search engine. It allows you to store, search, and analyze big volumes of data quickly (we are talking milliseconds here).
However, setting up elastic search correctly requires a lot of work. For instance, the data mapping, analyzers, and tokenizers need to be set correctly or you may not receive accurate search results back. Besides that, more search filters that you apply along with your search query, more complex will become the resulting search query. To implement it in a feasible manner, you will require the provision of an expert developer.
Attached below is a flow-chart to help you out choosing the right search solution for an app like Airbnb:
Optimize the Booking flow and experience
Navigation within a comprehensive app like Airbnb is pretty complicated. Here’s how the typical booking flow happens in an Airbnb type app:
When a host signup in your app and activate his listing, the guest should be able to book his property for renting purpose. This requires a booking feature to be implemented in your app.
Consider Instant Booking
“Do you know that more than 50% of Airbnb hosts have switched to Instant booking as opposed to the normal booking feature” This was back in 2016
Airbnb introduced instant booking in late 2017 and saw a rapid adoption of Instant booking as it became the preferred way for hosts to rent out their properties.
How does it work?
Under normal booking functionality, the host has to approve any booking request that has been made for his/her property. Often they don’t approve or disapprove soon, which either leads to a cancellation or a poor experience.
With identity verification services in place, you can allow your hosts to reliably list their properties for an instant booking option, and a user can book them instantly!
This is one of the main reasons why I think a proper MVP feature design is extremely crucial for your app. You have to think about how one feature could complement another, how network effects and system design would compliment your user experience.
The result at the end could be very effective and simple at the same time.
If you need an inspiration for this, this is one of the Airbnb’s killer feature and if you are interested you can read through the section below to understand a simple math behind their Instant booking filter.
2 out of 3 booking on Airbnb happens with Instant Booking
The math behind Airbnb’s Instant booking features
Airbnb dynamically determines whether to show instant booking to someone or not. At the same time, they wish to maximize the number of bookings being made.
For every search on Airbnb, they create two ranking scores:
- Search Score associated with each search
- A request to book score
On top of these two, there are two additional factors:
- Seasonality
- And the platform on which the user is using their app
The entire goal of Airbnb is to increase Instant books without reducing the booking score. In the end, we end up with an equation like this at the core of our minimization process to maximize instant booking:
When the search score finds a user search eligible to be a part of the instant booking, Airbnb automatically turns on the Instant search filter and alert the users with a tooltip.
Proposed Solution: I feel that the Instant book feature can be tweaked in at least 10 different ways. For example, you can simply add a countdown timer to trigger instant purchase intents. I suggested that out-of-context, but you should always consider your use case before jumping to conclusions.
Processing Payment through your app
If you want to integrate a payment functionality in your app, then there are many payment gateways that might be helpful for you.
Should you be worried about the payment compliance(PCI)?
With these payment gateways providers in place, you don’t need to worry about 99% of the payment related security issues. All you have to do is to make sure that you follow all best practices suggested by the payment gateway provider.
At the end of the Payment gateway integration process, you will be prompted by your provider to fill in a PCI SAQ_AEP form. This form is a declaration that you followed all best practices to secure your customers. That’s it!
Stripe – Once in place, Stripe processes the payment through its own servers – so you don’t have to store sensitive data or worry about being PCI compliant – takes a small percentage and checks for fraud. Stripe accepts all major debit and credit cards from more than 135 currencies. It charges a fixed $.30 fee + 2.9% of every transaction that is made on a card or digital wallet.
Braintree – Braintree also accepts all major debit and credit cards from more than 130 currencies. Similar to Stripe, Braintree also charges 2.9% + $0.3 per transaction that is made on a card or digital wallet. Braintree also provides a split payment functionality which is an absolute necessity when a group of people are using the same service ex: sharing a rental space in the case of Airbnb
If you are thinking about building your Airbnb type app in React native, I should pre-warn you about the fact that there are very few payment gateway providers that are actually providing an SDK for React Native. You are most likely to end up creating a wrapper around native apps to integrate them with your app. This is painful to manage and it is even painful to keep your wrappers updated with each and every release.
Make it easy for user to learn more about the place they are going to rent
Do you know that “Majority of renting decisions made by users in Airbnb is greatly influenced by the kind of comfort and facilities provided at the host’s place”?
These minute details on the rental property and available facilities are often what makes someone feel at home, get a taste of the local culture or inform them how luxurious the vacation would be.
Compare different rental properties
An app like Airbnb does have a feature of saving the favorite houses to a list. Even with this feature in place:
- A user had to look through the different houses individually Memorize them to compare and then take a decision.
- Information overload adds unnecessary complexity to your app’s user experience
Proposed Solution: In order to solve this problem, an app like Airbnb shall consist of a comparison feature. I recommend having a comparison feature on top of the existing favorites list. When the user views their list, all the houses within that list would be selected by default. The user would be able to select or deselect their desired houses, then click on the Compare button to generate a list showing a side-by-side comparison of various properties. [See below Image for reference]
Trip Cancellation at the last minute
Building a successful app requires you to think like a user. In some vacation rental apps (even Airbnb), the host can cancel the booking at the 11th hour. If you have been in this situation before, you would find yourself swore never to use this app.
But, your app can do better. You can reduce last-minute cancellations by simply:
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Adding a cancellation fee: For every last minute cancellation by the host, the host will incur a cancellation fee.
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Add # of cancellations to the profile of host: This will not only just improve the trustworthiness of a legit host but would also force them to only cancel a booking when they absolutely have no other options
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Block calendar dates for last minute cancellations: Another way in which on-demand rental apps have been dealing with last minute cancellations is by blocking the calendar dates for which last-minute cancellations happened. By doing so, the host won’t be able to leverage surge pricing at the last moment and will be blocked from accepting any request on those dates.
Dealing with last minute cancellations is a bit tricky, you can look into what works best for your audience. Another alternative to the three approach would be to provide a rental place nearby as an alternative when a host cancels out of the blue.

 For an app like Airbnb, it is quite common for hosts to accept a booking request only to later learn that the dates won’t work for the host.
We have already established that last minute cancellations are a huge deal for a two-sided marketplace like Airbnb. Here, the host is making a cancellation because he/she wasn’t managing a calendar.
This is where an optimized user experience for a two-sided marketplace comes into the picture.
Why is a contextual calendar so important here?
So, for this let’s dig into consumer sciences a bit. The probability that a host would check his calendar after t days (an assumption that he checked his calendar t days ago) follows a graph like this:
This graph was generated from data of real users.
A simple deduction of this graph would imply that as the time “t” increases, chances that a host would check his calendar for a booking would decrease exponentially.
Now, we can define something called a calendar to action ratio, this is:
Days between two calendar checks / Average number of days between two calendar checks
Guess what?
From the same data, we can easily see that there is a high correlation between calendar checks and last minute cancellations.
Look at the graph below:
Quite simple and easy to understand that your app should do something about decreasing this calendar to action ratio with a threshold. For example, if you find that the ratio is greater than 2, let’s send them a contextual email reminder on updating their calendar.
Note that you should do your research properly before setting up this calendar to action ratio. If it is set too low and a host ends up getting too many emails, this would result in a lost app user as well.
The way I would approach this problem without investing thousands of dollars into research is simply by looking at how users typically manage their calendars and on what dates do they prefer to do so. From the same data, we can easily see that the probability of checking out calendar is extremely high on Sunday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday.
Note: This data is based on the US, France, Germany and Canada based users.
So, now you know when to email them.
Dealing with Payment scam and Fake Listings
Scams are rare but they are often inevitable in peer to peer marketplaces such as Airbnb.
If I were to build a list of scams that can happen in an app like Airbnb, I would add the following to my list:
- Duplicate listings with different addresses
- Fake listing photos and/or address
- Fake reviews by friends or family of host
- An illegal listing that causes problems for guests
- Host demanding extra cash
- Host blackmailing guests
- Host falsifies damages
- Demands offsite payment
- Fake scam emails
- Host blackmails guest for a good review
- Fake reviews by friends or family of host
These kinds of scams can be prevented by:
Dealing fake listings with Machine Learning technology – Machine learning algorithms can be used to detect fake listings before they ever go live on platform. The technology can actually evaluate fake listings on the basis of several of hundreds of risk signals such as host reputation, template messaging, duplicate photos and other discrepancies. When a listing is predicted as fake by these algorithms, it can be blocked immediately before appearing on the app.
Safeguarding the payment functionality to prevent frauds – Payment from the payment gateways can be released just after a guest checked-in to the host apartment. This will give both parties (hosts and guests) enough time to evaluate that everything is according to their expectation.
Flagging feature to tackle fake or duplicate listings – App can have a feature by which user can report or flag any suspicious or fake listing. These flags can be fed directly into risk model to re-evaluate whether a listing should be automatically removed or manually reviewed.
Educating the hosts and guests through messages – Guests and hosts can be reminded by the messages to stay alert and never pay anyone outside the app. A simple Twilio integration would help your app to communicate via SMS notifications.
Geolocation Map
A Geolocation Map like Airbnb reloads the data and shows all available apartments on the map with prices. Attached below is the image which will make you better understand the Map like Airbnb:
When the map gets executed, it fetches all available apartments on changing the location of the map by dragging, dropping or zooming which are on a map from the back-end. Furthermore, upon clicking on the marker, it displays the basic information about the apartment.
To put succinctly in technical terms, an Airbnb kind of Map listing must process a user’s coordinates, search locations, gather information such as price and property type etc. and shows the relevant listings in a Map.
So, how can you implement a map functionality in an app like Airbnb?
Airbnb used Mapbox Studio for designing maps with OpenStreetMap data and hosted them via Mapbox. If you wish to implement Maps in your app in the same way that Airbnb did then you can use MapBox SDK in your app.
However, if you wish to rely on Google Map services, then you can use following services for implementing a Map like Airbnb:
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Google Autocomplete services: Google provides the Place Autocomplete services with their Google Map SDK. As the name suggests, it allows a user to write partial names and get instant results of the location, zones, zip, etc. This makes it pretty easy for a user to seamlessly search across their favorite destinations. If this is your first time working on an app like Airbnb, you are going to surprise by how difficult users find it to type in names of certain cities(especially that aren’t in US).
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Google Matrix API: Along with Google Autocomplete, the SDK also provides Google Matrix API which calculates the approximate travel time and distance (including traffic density) from user’s current location to their destination, it even suggests what transport is available.
Now, all you have to do is to add Google or Mapbox’s SDK and APIs to your mobile and web applications. That’s it, you would have a really high performing map functionality within your application.
You can customize these maps on your mobile apps or web app for a look and feel as well. Look at some of these customization options below, feel free to imagine how your maps should look to an end user.
If you want more inspiration, find three more custom styles below:
Pricing: Google Maps API vs MapBox
The Google Maps API offers 25,00 map loads per day free of cost. Beyond that, $0.50 will be charged per 1.000 additional requests up to 100,000 requests per API. However, If you have larger requirements, then you need to contact Google Maps team for a license.
However, Mapbox offers 50,000 views/month, for $50 with 3 custom styles.
Cost is not always everything. You should always weight pros, and cons before making any decision.
A better sense of Judgement for Guests in the form of AR-VR
Almost each and every vacation rental startup that is past series B round is actively trying to leverage AR and VR to improve the user experience. Here Airbnb announced that they are experimenting with augmented and virtual reality technologies to enhance customer travel experiences.
Using AR and VR, you can:
- Showcase rental properties better to app’s user
- Show what other facilities are available with micro details
- Give your users an experience of what it would be like to live there before they even step in
Such an AR concept from Airbnb shown below (things are closer to the reality that you imagine!)
Technologies like AR/VR aren’t just to showcase property. But they also solve a lot of real-life challenges that come with purely digital technologies like mobile apps.
For example, if I had to leave operating instructions on my very special oven that only works after tapping it twice, it could give my guests a lot of frustration, right? Even better, what if you could add pictorial notes (imagine street signs for your home usage).  For example, I can simply label something as kid-friendly or not.
AR or VR aren’t just another evolving technology, it is now a tool for disruption for startups that care enough to do so. If this technology stack fits well with your audience, do consider adding it right from the MVP.
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To get custom made AR and VR capabilities, you have the following technologies at your disposal:
- ARCore from Google,
- ARKit for Apple
- Google VR from Google,
- Apple’s VR is still in progress
There are some other providers as well (some are paid, some are open source and free):
- VIRO
- Augment
- Argon
- Babylon.js (for web)
Improving Application Security for an App like Airbnb
Implementing security measures isn’t cost effective for startups. But, that’s no reason for you to not do anything. I don’t want to sound cliche here, but Facebook is just an eye opener for everyone. Those of us that have been working in technology space have been anticipating something like this from a really long time.
Getting back to implementing application security for an app like Airbnb, you can make a huge difference by simple security measures to make sure that your users remain secure.
A few that comes to the top of my mind are :
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Third party API access and control: Restrict third-party apps and providers and put a control that prevents a level of access that no user would consent. Facebook failed to do this and the consequences were really bad.
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Secure data: Encrypting data while storing it locally, while on a network and while storing it on your servers. I have detailed encryption on a local database in the section that follows. Apart from manually implementing your local database, I would suggest you to look into local database providers like Realm, Couchbase, Firebase local storage, etc to leverage industry grade and compliant encryption locally. Not to mention that they are pretty easy to implement and have been tested by millions of users. It often gets difficult to match this level of secure encryption for startups trying to hack their way out of a garage.
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Make your app tamper proof: Adding simpler tamper-proof mechanisms that prevent anyone from reverse engineering your app and gaining unauthorized access
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Use Authorization and Authentication: Make sure that any API that your mobile or web app relies on utilizes a secure authentication. OAuth 2 is pretty much what most startups use to bring in secure authentication for the apps, but you might consider other solutions like Auth0 as well. They all have their pros and cons. There are some providers like OpenID Connect that allows users to log in once after which they don’t need sign in again in the mobile app.
That’s all you need to do to make authentication strong.
Now, let’s talk about Authorization.
For startups that have a well-defined use case, I would recommend looking in Secure sign-on (or SSO) to manage and authorize their users. Think of it as your own custom authorization API that helps you manage and authorize all of your users, directly from your own servers. After working with so many startups, I now understand that a lot of startup entrepreneurs find it pretty difficult to get this right. If you are finding it difficult as well, shoot me a message, I would be happy to clarify!
When you sign in on your online account for e.g. Banking site, a lot is going on behind the scenes. The system compares your credentials with all the data on file in the authentication database until it finds a match. When a match is found, the information and permissions linked to your account are sent back to the website granting you access to your account.
Nowadays, many systems work in a decentralized manner. When you need to login for different service with same credentials it won’t work and you need to use a different set of credentials. The obvious solution to this problem is to share session information across different domains and SSO does it very well.
SSO authentication creates a centralized login system. To put it simply, SSO authentication allows users to sign in once to access accounts, services, or products on multiple domains.
Be the security guy for your startup
Pay attention to what your development team is doing. Don’t let them use hardcode server and third-party credentials in your code. If they hardcode these credentials, any attacker that reverse engineers your app would gain an access to your servers or third party services as well.
In-app chat functionality between Hosts and Guests
Whenever a guest books a house with an app like Airbnb, he would like to message the host either to say an informal ‘hi’ or to converse something important about his trip. Or a host may want to converse with his guest to know more details about him. This requires a real-time in-app messaging feature so that both guests and hosts can converse and chat with each other.
So, how can you implement a real-time chat environment in your app?
Well, to build a real-time in-app chat feature in an app like Airbnb, you can use
- Socket Programming
- Backend as a Service
- Third party SDKs or APIs such as Layer and Twilio
Using Socket programming to implement Chat
You could use Websockets to build your own chat server but that will require expert developers provision and tons of effort and time to implement with scratch. Hence, it is not advisable to build a chat feature with scratch when you are building an MVP at the initial stage.
Alternatively, I would recommend you to check out Firebase backend as a service and Openfire server which supports XMPP protocols Building a chat functionality by using backend as a service
A mobile Backend as a service such as Firebase offers you access to a hosted real-time server infrastructure and a mobile SDK which makes it easy to integrate its services into your app.
Firebase provides you with some awesome services that are essential for developing a real-time chat functionality such as:
- Automatically scaling of your app
- First-class security features
- Offline synchronization
However, Firebase is definitely not free considering the services it provides are not easy to implement with the scratch.
Firebase offers you free usage upto 100 concurrent users upto 1GB. However, it is charged for $25 per month if your user base exceeds that limit (say upto 10k).
You can definitely opt for Firebase if budget is not a constraint for you.
Implementing a chat functionality on Openfire server
Building a chat functionality using Openfire server is reliable when you are building an MVP as it is free and Open Source. However, at the end of the day, it is you who has to take care of extra efforts for the sake of high speed and scalability. If you are bounded by budget constraints in the initial stages of an MVP then you can always stick to Openfire server.
Implementing a chat functionality using third party SDKs
Third-party products such as Layer, and Applozic offer their SDKs that you can seamlessly integrate with your app for implementing real-time chat feature in your app. Using these SDKs will drastically reduce tons of efforts that are required to build a real-time chat functionality in an app.
Recommended Read: How to Build a Messaging App like Whatsapp, Telegram, Slack
Make an SEO friendly Web app (be it Single page or not)
Do you know that a Single Page Web Application(SPA) when built using Javascript can cause you some critical SEO problems for your business?
Yes, you read that right!
Javascript languages such as Angularjs, ember.js, and backbone.js could cause some critical issues for web app such as:
- SPA apps are difficult for SEO
- SPA deep links are hard to get indexed
In fact, it may so happen that you could lose thousands of potential users that might give you an edge over your competitors.
Isn’t it a big damage to your business?
So, even if you have to rely on Javascript for building your web application, how can you deal with this SEO issue?
Well, Airbnb dealt with it by building their web app with Isomorphic Javascript.
A typical Isomorphic Javascript app for web look like this:
Here, application logic and view logic of an app can be executed on both the server and the client. This is good for both SEO and performance.
But,
As an MVP, you don’t have to adopt the same path that Airbnb did. Do you?
So, how as an MVP will you tackle this problem of SEO?
If you want to develop your web app with Angular then you can use Universal Angular which renders the HTML in server side and sends it back to the browser.
Whereas if you are using React to make your web app then you need not to worry as React is itself isomorphic i.e it renders your app’s application logic and view logic in server side.
Marketing and Growth Hacking
Drip emails
Drip campaigns are a vital part of building a rent-sharing marketplace. As a marketplace never remains stagnant, it grows and requires the customers and users to grow with it.
Drip email marketing software makes it very easy to schedule drip email campaigns.
Depending on your target audience, you can push re-engagement emails, email about new updates and features within the application, keep them training with growth hacks/good practices concerning your marketplace and share customer stories to keep them motivated.
App Analytics Reports and Campaigns
There is no need to mention how important app analytics is for your startup’s growth. Especially, when your app is in an MVP phase, you would definitely want to see how it is performing up to the expectations of your users.
An app analytics tool for an app like Airbnb is important as you can run multiple performance marketing campaigns for your app. Moreover, you can easily monitor and compare the efficiency of every traffic source (ad networks for publishers) based on your predefined KPIs with the help of an analytics tool.
Say, in an app like Airbnb, you are running a user acquisition campaign, what you can do is keep checking the number of installs and registrations coming from every traffic source. Based on such attribution data, you can narrow down the sources that deliver the best results and allocate its market spends accordingly.
Analytics tools such as Mixpanel will let you see how often customers come back after few months or how many users return 3 or 5 times a day.
Mixpanel comes at a price of $100 per month.
Apart from Mixpanel, you can use following tools for measuring your app analytics:
- Google Analytics for Mobiles
- Apsalar
- Flurry
- Localytics
- Distimo
- AppsFlyer
Crash Reporting
Crash reporting tools such as Crashlytics and NewRelic will show you detailed insights when your app crashes and what’s the reason behind the crashing.
Optimizely for A/B Testing
Optimizely, one of the most well-known companies in the industry, offers solutions for mobile web and mobile apps. You can A/B test any feature and make immediate changes with no need for app store approval. Furthermore, Optimizely also let you experiment with onboarding, feature discovery, and re-engagement strategies. In case you are unsure about any new feature, you can do phased rollouts and then quickly iterate any kind of change. You can also deliver personalized experiences to all your users with their advanced targeting.
User segmentation
Finding new users is vital for an app to succeed. Let’s assume that you have already achieved that. Next step will be to find similar users and group them so that you can structure them and better understand their efforts.
Services such as Braze and Leanplum and Apsalar allow you to segment your users on the basis of user behavior. The segmentation for users will change automatically when the user behavior changes. One of the major benefits of using these SDKs for user segmentation will be to predict the future revenue and growth of your organization.
Some of the major segmentation methods that you can use to make user segments in Braze are:
- Apriori
- Decile Analysis/ Pareto Analysis
- Attitudinal research and Cluster Analysis
- Need-based segmentationMore sophisticated methods that you can employ in your app’s segmentation for life stage and geodemographics are:
- Experian mosaic
- CACI’s ACoM classification systems
Intercom, Zendesk for User support, tickets and customer service
SDKs such as Intercom and Zendesk will allow your customers to directly connect with your customer’s support team. The best part is these SDKs made it available by eliminating any type of needs for these shady webviews and email clients. Both Intercom and Zendesk can be customized on the basis of design needs for your user needs.
Intercom connects user and customer support team via a chat interface. In this way, users can connect to the customer support easily and at the same time, your customer support team can assist your users in a feasible manner.
Zendesk works in a way more different manner. It fetches relevant data about your user automatically such as OS type, OS version, OS API etc. Often users are hesitant in providing this type of Information. Zendesk makes it possible to provide this information to you without even bothering your users.
Apptentive for Ratings and Review promptly
Ever faced challenges in getting your users to leave a review for your app?
Apptentive makes it easier for you to know your user’s sentiments before asking them to review or rate your app. It allows you talk in-app with your customers. A proprietary parameter called “Love score” is a feature of Apptentive that allows you to see how well your app is being perceived by your users.
Love Score in Apptentive works on the following parameters:
- App popularity vs others
- Analysis of app reviews
- Reviewer quality
- Reviewer Bias
- 5-star ratio
Upsight for KPI’s
Upsight brings metrics explorer which allows an app developer to understand how different variables affect their core KPI’s. The metric explorer further allows merging different marketing campaigns, user behaviors and user characteristics to understand how they impact the KPIs.
Upsight is a popular solution for tracking following KPIs inside your mobile app such as:
- user interaction,
- time spent in the app,
- time spent using a feature
- any kind of custom metrics using the Upsight SDK
Urban Airship for push notifications
In-app Notifications or push notifications are an important part of an app like Airbnb. For example, you may need to notify a host about the latest booking on his account or a recent message by Guest.
A push notification service should be scalable enough to send push notifications to over millions of subscribers.
Do you know that Urban Airship scaled its push notification services to 2.5 billion apps during elections?
Yes, you read that right. Urban Airship has a dedicated SDK which can be seamlessly integrated with your app for sending Push Notifications.
Parting Words
Making an app like Airbnb (MVP) is a different thing and scaling it to millions of users is an entirely different thing. In this Million dollar guide to make an app-like-Airbnb, I have explained you all the necessary features and the ways to implement them by using appropriate technology stack.


AIDS does not live in a vacuum. Oftentimes those afflicted with AIDS have other factors that make access to proper care and health difficult.Out of 350 AIDS patients in Hawaii...


{% extends 'auth/auth-base.html'%} {% import 'bootstrap/wtf.html' as wtf %} {%block styles%} {{ super() }} {%endblock%} {% block content %}
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Get it better, cook it better.


An interesting problem in computational medicine right now is trying to use gene expression levels to predict phenotypes. Specifically in this project, I analyze gene expression profiles from breast cancer patients to see if we can predict which these patients who are in remission will relapse.
View ProjectHow has terrorism evolved over the last 45 years? We can analyze information on terrorist attacks across the world including information on location, tactics, perpetrators, targets and outcomes to find out.
View ProjectCan we help Chicago track and eradicate mosquitoes carrying West Nile Virus in a more effective and efficient manner? Let's try to analyze information about current mosquito trap locations, pesticide spray locations, weather, and other factors to help Chicago eliminate this virus.
View Project"Data Scientist" has been called "the sexiest job of the 21st century". But can we predict whether a posting on Indeed will pay above or below the median salary for data scientists? Can we find which variables have a lot of predictive power?
View ProjectIowa collects information about every transaction for stores that have a class E liquor license. The Iowa state tax board is considering changing the tax policy regarding liquor. Can we predict the total sales in 2016 using sales information from 2015 to advise the tax board?
View ProjectWhich states have the highest SAT scores on average? Why is there such a large disparity? Let's take a look at the average SAT scores by state and try to glean some information from it.
View ProjectI like statistics and machine learning and I like Python and R. I have a pretty solid understanding of your standard supervised learning algorithms (kNN, regressions, SVMs, CARTs, Naive Bayes) and a few clustering algorithms in the unsupervised learning department. I also think deep learning is pretty cool. I want to develop artifical intelligence improve humanity.


Malicious website redirect
The most obvious attack vector would be to redirect to a malicious website. The attack vector's impact will be limited by the victim's browser (e.g. very high if outdated/vulnerable).
Example: https://example.com/?u=https://evil.com


- RECIPES
- EPISODE GUIDE
MORE FROM THE SHOW
TABULEH SALAD
Here's how to make the dish
- start with 2 cups chopped parsely and another 2 cups chopped lettuce,
- add half a cup chopped tomatoes, and another of white onions, about a palm full of pre soaked couscous
- then in small bowl beat virgin olive oil and calamansi about half a cup each.. salt pepper..
- pour over mixed greens and toss!!!
- voila.. refreshing tabouleh great with lamb tajine or cumin barbeques!
From my kitchen to yours with love, Mwahhh! -S
Ingredients:
- virgin olive oil
- calamansi
- salt pepper
- 2 cups chopped parsely
- 2 cups chopped lettuce
- half a cup chopped tomatoes
- white onions


Merge local map or floating map in the global map. UUID: bc661909-0185-40a4-a5e6-e52280e7b338
More...
#include <SolARMapFusionOpencv.h>
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| SolARMapFusionOpencv () |
| | SolARMapFusionOpencv constructor.
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| ~SolARMapFusionOpencv () override |
| | SolARMapFusionOpencv destructor.
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| FrameworkReturnCode | merge (SRef< datastructure::Map > map, SRef< datastructure::Map > globalMap, datastructure::Transform3Df &transform, uint32_t &nbMatches, float &error) override |
| | Merge a map in the global map. The map can be a local map (know transformation to the global map) or a floating map. More...
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| FrameworkReturnCode | merge (SRef< datastructure::Map > map, SRef< datastructure::Map > globalMap, datastructure::Transform3Df &transform, const std::vector< std::pair< uint32_t, uint32_t > > &cpOverlapIndices, bool isRefineTransform=false) override |
| | Merge a map in the global map. The map can be a local map (know transformation to the global map) or a floating map. More...
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void | unloadComponent () override final |
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Merge local map or floating map in the global map. UUID: bc661909-0185-40a4-a5e6-e52280e7b338
- Injectables
| SolAR::api::geom::I3DTransform |
| SolAR::api::features::IDescriptorMatcher |
| SolAR::api::solver::pose::I3DTransformSACFinderFrom3D3D |
- Properties
| radius | |
| type: float; range : [0..MAX FLOAT]; default: 0.3f |
◆ merge() [1/2]
| FrameworkReturnCode SolAR::MODULES::OPENCV::SolARMapFusionOpencv::merge |
( |
SRef< datastructure::Map > |
map, |
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SRef< datastructure::Map > |
globalMap, |
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datastructure::Transform3Df & |
transform, |
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const std::vector< std::pair< uint32_t, uint32_t > > & |
cpOverlapIndices, |
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bool |
isRefineTransform = false |
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override |
Merge a map in the global map. The map can be a local map (know transformation to the global map) or a floating map.
- Parameters
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| [in,out] | map | local map or floating map to merge |
| [in,out] | globalMap | the global map |
| [in,out] | transform | the transformation to the global map (null for floating map). It can be refined by fusion process. |
| [in] | cpOverlapIndices | pairs of detected overlap cloud points indices of floating map and global map. |
| [in] | isRefineTransform | refine the 3D transformation if it's true. |
- Returns
- FrameworkReturnCode::SUCCESS if the fusion succeed, else FrameworkReturnCode::_ERROR.
◆ merge() [2/2]
| FrameworkReturnCode SolAR::MODULES::OPENCV::SolARMapFusionOpencv::merge |
( |
SRef< datastructure::Map > |
map, |
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SRef< datastructure::Map > |
globalMap, |
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datastructure::Transform3Df & |
transform, |
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uint32_t & |
nbMatches, |
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float & |
error |
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) |
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override |
Merge a map in the global map. The map can be a local map (know transformation to the global map) or a floating map.
- Parameters
-
| [in,out] | map | local map or floating map to merge |
| [in,out] | globalMap | the global map |
| [in,out] | transform | the transformation to the global map (null for floating map). It can be refined by fusion process. |
| [out] | nbMatches | the number of matched cloud points. |
| [out] | error | the error of fusion process that is the mean of error distances of the matched cloud points. |
- Returns
- FrameworkReturnCode::SUCCESS if the fusion succeed, else FrameworkReturnCode::_ERROR.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


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music_processing
Classes
builtins.object
Analyser
class
Analyser
(
builtins.object
)
Analyser
for Google Play Music
Methods defined here:
analyse
(self, device_id, artists_number)
The main method that analysis Google Play Music account,
and returns results of parsing concert.ua
:param device_id: str
:param artists_number: int
:return: results: list


Type ES Harmony code in the left box. The transpiled version (using Harmonizr project) will be shown in the right box.
The above code editor is based on CodeMirror.
Using Esprima version .


--- layout: example title: Non-text pour: perceivable relatesto: 1.1.1 description: "When using the img element, specify a short text alternative with the alt attribute. Note. The value of this attribute is referred to as 'alt text'." accessible: false explanation: "Missing alt tags. Note that the alternative text needs to convey the purpose of the data, not necessarily describing it exactly. In general, adding alt descriptions to images is very easy. But different things need to be described in different ways. \n\n Below are 4 items\n 1. An image that contains text following it.\n 2. An image that has the text you would normally put in the `alt` under the image.\n 3. A non-image representation. This will need an [aria-label](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/ARIA_Techniques/Using_the_aria-label_attribute) and it's semantically appropriate to use an [abbr](http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H28.html) tag.\n 4. An image that is functioning as the first letter of the text. And while we're at it, how do you deal with lipsum? Hint, see the example above.\n\n 'Authors MAY, with caution, use aria-hidden to hide visibly rendered content from assistive technologies only if the act of hiding this content is intended to improve the experience for users of assistive technologies by removing redundant or extraneous content.'\n\n * [alttext](http://webaim.org/techniques/alttext/)\n * [Drop Caps](http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2012/04/03/drop-caps-historical-use-and-current-best-practices/)" ---
The 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional and political crisis.[1][2] In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy.
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional and political crisis.[1][2] In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy.


What's working? What's not? What's in our favor? What's in our way?
Introduce small behavioural, procedural, or executional modifications to the effort, observing and revising to find the optimal tempo of work.
Getting to a team's peak efficiency requires a bit of tuning here and there to get everyone riding the same wave. This is the most important part for setting up for success.
With the team in sync, introduce steady and increasing magnitude of change and speed until reaching the team's OPM (Optimal Performance Momentum).
To internalize transformative change, you have to commit to the philosophy not just the task. That means creating authentic rituals around how you work best, with time to reflect on which steps of the method need renewal (modifications) or repeating.
Drawing upon various methodologies and ways of working, Kierstin provides the technical, functional and strategic leadership to help clients achieve success through strategic management and design:
Finding the right leadership for a platform or product launch can be challenging. With over 20 years of experience delivering project and products of varying complexities and scale, Kierstin provides best-in-class product or project leadership.
When looking to build effective teams, you need someone who both can translate the needs of the team and the business to design the right systems, processes and strategies for success.
No matter what situation matches your need, Kierstin's expertise and interest spans numerous subjects.


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THE HONBLE SRI JUSTICE C. PRAVEEN KUMAR CRIMINAL PETITION No.12527 OF 2013 16-06-2014 S.Purnachandra Rao & another.. Petitioners/Accused State of Andhra Pradesh rep., by its Public Prosecutor High Court of A.P. & another .. Respondents Counsel for the petitioners : Sri D. Purna Chandra Reddy Counsel for respondents : Public Prosecutor for R.1 Sri Akkam Eswar for R.2 <Gist : >Head Note : ? Citations: (2013) 10 Supreme Court Cases 705 2 2011 (1) ALD (Crl) 70 (AP) 3. 1999 (2) ALT 471 4. (2010) 4 SCC 785 5. (2007) 10 SCC 712 6. 2000 (1) SCC 722 7. 1981 CRI.L.J.356 8. AIR 2012 SC 521 9. AIR 1992 SC 604 10. AIR (36) 1949 Allahabad 483 (FB) 11. (1996) 11 SCC 557 HONBLE SRI JUSTICE C. PRAVEEN KUMAR CRIMINAL PETITION No.12527 OF 2013 ORDER :
Questioning the order dated 09.10.2013 passed by the learned IX Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Hyderabad, wherein and whereunder, permission was granted to the police to conduct investigation for the offences punishable under Sections 504, 506 and 120-B IPC which are non-cognizable, this Criminal petition is filed under Section 482 of Criminal Procedure Code seeking quashing of the same on the ground that the said order was passed without application of mind.
The facts in issue are as under :
On 08.10.2013 at about 2.30 p.m., the Sub-Inspector of Police, Narayanaguda Police Station, received a complaint from one Musunuri Srinivasa Rao, R/o.Flat No.505, H.No. 3-6-69, Venkatarama Towers, Basheerbagh, in which he alleged that his ex-employee S. Purnachandra Rao and S.Rajesh Kiran (petitioners herein) bore grudge against him and started threatening him with dire consequences if subsequent amount was not paid to them. He also suspects movement of suspicious persons around his Office. In view of the imminent threat to his life, a report was lodged before the Narayanguda Police Station, seeking action against the culprits.
Pursuant to the said report the Sub-Inspector of Police, Narayanaguda Police, requested the IX Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Hyderabad, to accord permission to register the crime for the offences punishable under Sections 504, 506, 120 B IPC, as the above offences are non- cognizable in nature. By an order, dated 09.10.2013 the learned Magistrate accorded permission to conduct investigation for the above mentioned offences. Challenging the said order, the present application is filed.
Relying upon the Judgments of the Apex Court in Anil Kumar and Others Vs M.K. Aiyappa and another , Sajjal Agarwal Vs State of Andhra Pradesh and another , Medwin Hospitals, rep., by its M.D., B. Kameswara Rao Vs State of A.P., Pollution Control Board , Assistant Commissioner, Commercial Tax Department, Works Contract and Leasing Kota Vs Shukla and Brothers , Union Bank of India and others Vs Jai Prakash Singh and another , the learned counsel for the petitioner strenuously contends that reasons are to be recorded showing application of mind while directing the police to investigate into the non-cognizable offences under Section 155 (2) Cr.P.C., failing which great prejudice would be caused to the accused.
Relying upon the Judgments of the Apex Court in Kanti Bhadra Shah & another Vs State of West Bengal , and Kunhumuhammed Vs State of Kerala the learned counsel for the respondent would contend that no reasons are necessary while granting permission to register a crime. According to him, the reference made under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C., and the permission granted under Section 155 (2) Cr.P.C., are quite distinct and different in nature. He strenuously contends that reasons are required to be given while refusing to give permission to register a crime and not while granting permission to register a crime. He further submits that the impugned order shows application of mind while granting permission to register the crime and as such, the same warrants no interference from this Court under Section 482 Cr.P.C.
The point for consideration is whether the impugned order warrants interference of the Court for not giving reasons while directing the police to investigate a non-cognizable offence.
In Anil Kumar and others Vs M.K.Aiyappa and another, the Apex Court while dealing with a reference made under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C., observed as under :
10. We may first examine whether the Magistrate, while exercising his powers under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C., could act in a mechanical or casual manner and go on with the complaint after getting the report.
11. The scope of Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C., came up for consideration before this Court in several cases. This Court in Maksud Saiyed Case examined the requirement of the application of mind by the Magistrate before exercising jurisdiction under Section 156 (3) and held that where jurisdiction is exercised on a complaint filed in terms of Section 156 (3) or Section 200 Cr.P.C, the Magistrate is required to apply his mind, in such a case, the Special Judge/Magistrate cannot refer the matter under Section 156(3) against a public servant without a valid sanction order. The application of mind by the Magistrate should be reflected in the order. The mere statement that he has gone through the complaint, documents and heard the complainant, as such, as reflected in the order, will not be sufficient. After going through the complaint, documents and hearing the complainant, what weighed with the Magistrate to order investigation under Section 156 (3) CrPC, should be reflected in the order, though a detailed expression of his views, is neither required nor warranted.
From the Judgment referred to above, it is clear that the learned Magistrate, while referring the case under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C., or while taking cognizance of the offence, should give some reasons for passing the order, though it is not necessary to pass a reasoned order.
In Medwin Hospitals, rep., by its M.D., B.
Kameswara Rao Vs State of A.P., Pollution Control Board, a learned single Judge of this Court, while considering the issue as to the nature of order to be passed while taking cognizance of the matter held as under :
There is absolutely no doubt whatsoever to hold that criminal law cannot be set in motion against an accused person in a very casual and mechanical manner. The Magistrate before taking cognizance is duty bound to meticulously peruse the contents of the complaint so as to satisfy himself that such contents do reveal the commission of offence as alleged. The question of issuing a process does not arise without the learned Magistrate forming an opinion based on the material available at the time of taking cognizance. The learned Magistrate is required to not only look into the contents of the complaint but also statement of the complainant and the witnesses, if any, examined and other material including the documents made available by the complainant. Such application of mind is a condition precedent for issuing a process against the accused. It is well settled that issuing process in a criminal case against an accused itself is fraught with serious consequence. But in my considered opinion, it is not necessary for the learned Magistrate to pass an elaborate order disclosing as to why he intends to take cognizance of a case. It would meet the requirement of law, if the proceedings on the file of the learned Magistrate would disclose the application of mind. After all, the learned Magistrate is not deciding any case at that stage. All that is required is that he has to satisfy himself that the contents of the complaint prima facie reveal the commission of the alleged offence. The learned Magistrate in the instant case passed the following order :
Perused the complaint. Case is taken on file for the offence 43 & 44 r/w.24, 25 and 26 of the Water Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 against the accused. Issue summons against the accused. Call on 21.8.96.
The same would disclose application of mind, though it would have been advisable for the learned Magistrate to indicate that the complaint discloses the commission of the alleged offence. However, it is required to observe that the learned Magistrate could have been somewhat articulate in recording his satisfaction.
In Sajjal Aggarwal Vs State of Andhra Pradesh, a learned Judge of this Court while dealing with an issue which is identical to the case on hand held as under : It is open to the Magistrate either to grant permission or refuse to grant permission. When there is such discretion vested in the Magistrate, it is desirable that the Magistrate should give reasons for empowering a police officer to investigate a non-cognizable case, so that an aggrieved party will be in a position to question the same in higher Courts and will be in a position to know for what reasons his application is considered or not considered.
In view of the above, the learned counsel for the petitioners would submit that giving reasons, while granting permission to the police to investigate into non-cognizable offence, is mandatory.
Drawing an analogy from the Judgments of the Apex Court in Kanti Bhadra Shah and another Vs State of West Bengal, the learned counsel for the respondents submits that no reasons are required to be recorded while referring the case to the police for investigation into a non- cognizable offence. It was a case where the Apex Court dealt with Sections 239 and 245 Cr.P.C. The question before the Court was whether the reasons are to be recorded while framing a charge against the accused. Dealing with the said aspect, the Apex Court after referring to Sections 239 and 240 Cr.P.C., held as under :
10. It is pertinent to note that this section requires a Magistrate to record his reasons for discharging the accused but there is no such requirement if he forms the opinion that there is ground for presuming that the accused had committed the offence which he is competent to try. In such a situation he is only required to frame a charge in writing against the accused.
Further, a reading of Sections 239 and 240 Cr.P.C., makes it clear that both the sections refer to recording of reasons only if the Magistrate considers the charge against the accused is groundless or where no case has been made out against the accused.
Therefore, the argument of the learned counsel for the respondents that reasons are to be recorded only when the Court refuses to give permission to register a crime cannot be accepted. Further, as stated above, Sections 239 and 240 Cr.P.C., speak of recording reasons while allowing the application for discharge filed by the accused.
Learned counsel for the respondents would further contend that giving reasons while referring the case to the police under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C., is different from granting permission under Section 155 (2) Cr.P.C., for registering a non-cognizable offence. The said argument cannot be accepted for the reason that the words used in Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C., and Section 155 (2) Cr.P.C., are Order of a Magistrate and may order such investigation. It may be relevant to extract Section 155 (2) Cr.P.C. and Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C., which read as under :
Section 155: Information as to non- cognizable cases and investigation of such cases.
(2) No police officer shall investigate a non- cognizable case without the order of a Magistrate having power to try such case or commit the case for trial.
Section 156: Police officer' s power to investigate cognizable case.
(3) Any Magistrate empowered under section 190 may order such an investigation as above- mentioned.
A reading of the above two provisions clearly disclose that a police officer cannot initiate any action without an order of a Magistrate having power to try the case. Cause of action in both the situations arise only after an order from the Magistrate.
 Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition, Vol.X defines Order as :
23.a. An authoritative directions, injunction, mandate; a command, oral or written; an instruction.
24.spc. A. Law. A decision of a court or judge, made or entered in writing ; in the Supreme Court, a direction of the court or a judge other than a final judgment.
FERDICOs Criminal Law and Justice Dictionary defines Order as under :
To issue a command or instruction. A mandate, command or direction issued by a judicial officer in exercise of judicial authority and entered in Court record.
Therefore the word Order; in Section 155 (2) and Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C., cannot be lost sight of as the same assume lot of significance. It is always said that reasons are the lifelines of an order.
Dealing with the importance of giving reasons while passing orders, the Apex Court in Assistant Commissioner, Commercial Tax Department Works Contract and Leasing, Kota Vs Shukla and Brothers held as under :
A litigant who approaches the court with any grievance in accordance with law is entitled to know the reasons for grant or rejection of his prayer. Reasons are the soul of orders. Non- recording of reasons could lead to dual infirmities; firstly, it may cause prejudice to the affected party and secondly, more particularly, hamper the proper administration of justice. These principles are not only applicable to administrative or executive actions, but they apply with equal force and, in fact, with a greater degree of precision to judicial pronouncements. A judgment without reasons causes prejudice to the person against whom it is pronounced, as that litigant is unable to know the ground which weighed with the court in rejecting his claim and also causes impediments in his taking adequate and appropriate grounds before the higher court in the event of challenge to that judgment.
Further, under Section 155 (2) Cr.P.C., it is always open to the Magistrate either to grant permission or refuse to grant permission. When such a discretion is vested in the Magistrate, it is desirable that the Magistrate shall give reasons while empowering the police officer to investigate into a non-cognizable offence, so that the aggrieved person will be in a position to know the reason for acceptance or rejection of his application, otherwise there is every possibility of misuse of Section 155 (2) Cr.P.C. In case such a power is given to a police officer, he may misuse his official position and harass the accused person (Sajjal Aggarwal Vs State of Andhra Pradesh).
In Tilaknagar Industries Ltd., and Others Vs State of A.P., and another , State of Haryana and Others Vs Bhajan Lal and Others , the Apex Court held that the statutory safeguard given under Section 155 (2) Cr.P.C., of the Code must be strictly followed, since they are conceived in public interest and as a guarantee against frivolous and vexacious investigation.
A Full bench of Allahabad High Court in Shyam Lal Sharma Vs King Emperor , held as under :
Section 155 Cr.P.C., occurs in Chapter XIV of the Code, which deals with investigation of the offence. It makes a marked distinction between cognizable and non-cognizable offences. It authorizes police officer incharge of a police station to investigate the cognizable offence without the order of a Magistrate, but forbids the police officer from investigating a non-cognizable case unless, ordered by a Magistrate to do so. Section 155 (2) Cr.P.C., shall deal with this matter and reads thus :
No police officer shall investigate a non-cognizable case without the order of a Magistrate of the first or second class, having power to try such case or commit the same for trial, or of a presidency Magistrate.
It is evident that it was intended by this piece of legislation that a non-cognizable offence could not be investigated by the police unless, the Criminal Court possessed of necessary jurisdiction, is moved by a complainant to take cognizance of the offence or unless a Magistrate of the description mentioned in the Section, considers it desirable that the offence should be investigated, the Section occurs in a statute dealing with administration of criminal justice which is administered in public interest and not in the interest of any private individual. It could not have been intended, therefore, that a Magistrate should order the investigation arbitrarily or capriciously. On the other hand, it may be legitimately assumed that it was intended that before making the order of investigation, he would carefully consider all the relevant circumstances, that make it desirable that a non-cognizable offence should be investigated in public interest.
From the above, it is clear that the Magistrate while either referring the case to the police under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C., or while ordering investigation into a non-cognizable offence under Section 155 (2) Cr.P.C.,, has to show application of mind to the facts of the case. It may not be necessary for the Magistrate to pass a reasoned order. The order under reference or order directing registration of a non- cognizable offence should contain some information showing application of mind to the case on hand.
At this stage, learned counsel for the respondents strenuously contends that no prejudice would be caused to the accused even if the police investigate into a non- cognizable offence, and file charge sheet without an order from the competent Magistrate. In support of the same, he relies upon a Judgment of the Apex Court reported in Keshav Lal Thakur Vs State of Bihar . It was a case where the police registered a case under Section 31 of the Representation of the People Act and after completing investigation filed a final report. An application for discharge was filed on the ground that the offence is a non-cognizable one. Since the Court took cognizance of matter, an application under Section 482 Cr.P.C., was filed before Patna High Court contending that taking cognizance was beyond the period of investigation. However, the Apex Court considered the competency of police to investigate and file final report in a non-cognizable offence. While holding that offence under Section 31 of the Representation of the People Act, as non- cognizable, held that neither the police could investigate into the offence nor submit a report. However held that in view of Section 2 (d)Cr.P.C., which defines complaint, the police can file final report relating to af non-cognizable offence, but the same has to be treated as a complaint of a police officer concerned. But that explanation will not be available to the prosecution where the police initiates investigation into a cognizable offence and files charge sheet for non-cognizable offence.
The situation on hand is totally different. The case is still at the inception and no final report has been filed. Therefore, the principles in the above case will not apply to the case on hand.
The argument of the learned counsel for the respondents that the order dated 09.10.2013 show application of mind, and that the same warrants no interference from the Court cannot be accepted. It would be relevant to extract the order dated 09.10.2013 which reads as under :
You are hereby accorded permission to conduct investigation under Section 504, 506 (II), 120 (B) IPC on the report given by Musunuri Srinivasa Rao, R/o.Flat No.505, 3-6-69, Venkataramana Towers, Basheerbagh, Hyderabad and filed report.
The said order only refers to according permission to conduct investigation on the basis of the report given by one Srinivas Rao. It does not reflect anything more than lodging of a report. Therefore, it cannot be said that the impugned order was passed by the Magistrate after applying his mind to the facts of the case. It appears to be a case where the learned Magistrate in a routine manner accorded permission for registration of a crime and investigation of the case.
For the aforesaid reasons, this Court is of the view that the order under challenge has been passed without assigning any reasons and the same deserves to be set aside.
Accordingly, the order dated 09.10.2013 passed by the IX Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, Hyderabad, is set aside and the matter is remanded back to the concerned Magistrate directing him to pass an order showing application of mind to the facts in issue while referring the case to police for investigation into a non-cognizable offence.
Consequently, the Criminal Miscellaneous Petitions, pending, if any, in this Criminal Petition shall stand closed. __________________________ C. PRAVEEN KUMAR, J.
Date:16-06-2014.


RT @jeffcohen: It's hard being a software developer. 10 hour days. More hours at home at night. Not allowed to learn anything new during…
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(max length 10 minutes).
|
|
cbt.record_network |
text | read/write |
(OPTIONAL) true to record the network packages incurred by the test automation.
|
|
cbt.max_duration |
text | read/write | (OPTIONAL) Maximum test length in seconds. Use to refrain from timing out during long tests. Default is 30 minutes. | |
cbt.timezone |
text | read/write | (OPTIONAL) timezone set on the browser. A full list of values can be found here. | |
cbt.enablelocal
|
boolean | false | read/write |
Required if you are testing against internal/local servers.
Nexial will
automatically download/execute the OS-specific cbt_tunnels binary before executing your tests.
This is necessary to proxy the connections to the internal/local resources.
|
cbt.terminatelocal
|
boolean | true | read/write |
NOTE: Only applicable when cbt.enablelocal is set to true .When this System variable is set to false (default is true ), Nexial will
omit the termination of any running cbt_tunnels binary. This may be necessary when
executing multiple simultaneous tests within one host.To ensure proper clean up, one may utilize the external » terminate(programName) command to terminate any running
cbt_tunnels binary when all the tests are complete.
|


Constants defined in oxstd.oxh (requires #include <oxstd.oxh>)
FALSE 0 TRUE 1 WFL_DECFAILED 1 WFL_ITMAX 2 WFL_CONCAT 4
Constants defined in oxfloat.oxh (requires #include <oxfloat.oxh>)
M_PI pi (3.1415...) M_2PI 2*pi M_PI_2 pi / 2 M_1_PI 1 / pi M_SQRT2PI sqrt(2*pi) M_E e = exp(1) M_EULER Euler's constant, M_NAN .NaN (Not a Number), also see isnan() and isdotnan() M_INF .Inf, representing Infinity M_INF_POS +.Inf, representing Infinity M_INF_NEG -.Inf, representing minus Infinity DBL_DIG number of decimal digits of precision DBL_EPSILON machine precision DBL_MANT_DIG number of bits in mantissa DBL_MAX maximum double value DBL_MIN minimum positive double value DBL_MIN_EXP minimum 2 exponent DBL_MAX_EXP maximum 2 exponent DBL_MIN_E_EXP minimum exp(.) exponent DBL_MAX_E_EXP maximum exp(.) exponent DBL_MIN_10_EXP minimum 10 exponent DBL_MAX_10_EXP maximum 10 exponent INT_MAX maximum integer value INT_MIN minimum integer value
The following constants are predefined by the Ox compiler:
OX_64_BIT when running 64-bit Ox OX_AIX when running on IBM/AIX OX_BIG_ENDIAN only on a big-endian machine (Unix workstations) OX_DecUNIX when running on Dec/UNIX OX_HPUX when running on HP-UX OX_Irix when running on SGI/Irix OX_Linux when running on Linux/PC OX_OS_X when running on Mac/OS X OX_PARALLEL indicates that parallel and serial keywords are supported (Ox 7 onwards) OX_Sun when running on Sun OX_Windows when running under Windows
The hardware-defined missing value is called Not a Number, or .NaN for short. Any computation involving a .NaN results in a .NaN. The format used when printing output is .NaN.
In a matrix constant, either .NaN, M_NAN or a dot may be used to represent a missing value (M_NAN requires oxfloat.oxh). If the dot is the first or last element, an extra space is required to avoid confusion with dot-greater/less than.
In a double constant, either .NaN or M_NAN may be used to represent a missing value (M_NAN requires oxfloat.oxh). A number of procedures are available to deal with missing values, most importantly:
| deletec(): | deletes all columns which have a .NaN, |
| deleter(): | deletes all rows which have a .NaN, |
| isdotnan(): | returns matrix of 0's and 1's: 1 if the element is a .NaN, 0 otherwise, |
| isnan(): | returns 1 if any element is a .NaN, 0 otherwise. |
| selectc(): | selects all columns which have a .NaN, |
| selectr(): | selects all rows which have a .NaN, |
Infinity also exists as a special value supported by the hardware. Infinity can be positive or negative (printed as +.Inf and -.Inf), and can be used in comparisons as any normal number. You can use .Inf, +.Inf and -.Inf in your code. Alternatively, the predefined constants M_INF, M_INF_POS, and M_INF_NEG are defined in oxfloat.oxh.
Ox version 7.00. © JA Doornik This file last changed .


Reddit author confesses to being stoned at work 'all day every day'
by Gerren Keith GaynorA Reddit user who confessed to being stoned at work “all day every day” is going viral.
The anonymous author admitted to getting high before and sometimes during work because “I don’t think I could do my job without it.”
Though the person admits to working a “very high stakes” job, where being under the influence is “absolutely” not allowed, the author said they’re stoned “from the moment I walk in to the moment I leave.”
AOC TWEETS IN FAVOR OF LEGALIZING POT -- DAY AFTER SKEPTICAL BIDEN SAYS HE WANTS MORE DATA
The author does not divulge what state he or she lives in, however, admits to working in a state where marijuana is not legal.
“I like to think I hide it well,” the author wrote. “My eyes usually don’t get very red and besides that, I’m Asian and wear glasses.
They also noted: “I use public transportation or Uber to get everywhere so I am not driving, no ones [sic] life is in danger.”
“Sorry boss,” the person added.
The anonymous post garnered hundreds of comments from Reddit users, who were mostly curious about what the author did for a living to be stoned all day at work.
MARIJUANA DAMAGES ADOLESCENTS BRAINS, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS WRITE IN OP-ED
“Curious about this high stakes job,” one Reddit user commented. “It’s just a regular stakes job, but getting stoned makes it high stakes,” another user added.
Most Reddit suspected the author worked in finance due to the “high stakes” reference.
“I’m guessing he works in finance, likely trading/stocks/hedge funds,” one user posted.
One Reddit user admitted to working in finance and being a stoner.
FOLLOW US ON FACEBOOK FOR MORE FOX LIFESTYLE NEWS
“So much smoke in finance. I have the same confession but lord knows all of the departments I've worked in with financing is full of stoners,” the commenter said.
“[Expletive] is stressful. Until you almost lose 100,000 of someone else's money only to find out its [sic] not even your fault or problem or even a real issue because it was on someone else's desk you just don't get it.”
One person said there’s at least one job they hope the author doesn’t have.

CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP
The author eventually edited his post to answer many of commenters’ burgeoning question once and for all.
“Yes I work in finance,” the author confessed, “but that’s all I’m willing to say.”


Chapter 3 About the Functions
There is a sub-folder within this repo named “functions” which is full of, well, scripts that contain functions! You’ll notice they’re often called (via source()) at the top of the example scripts. This loads in the custom functions that I have written to handle CTT data. Ultimately, these will be rolled into an R package.
3.1 Data Manager
3.1.1 load_data
Description
Loads data
Usage
Arguments
- directory_name: the input folder can contain a miscellany of raw downloaded files from the sensor station (beep data, node health, GPS) all in the same folder or subfolders. Zipped folders need to be unzipped, but compressed files do not (i.e. csv.gz files are just fine as they are).
- starttime: start time in POSIXct
- endtime: end time in POSIXct
- tags: a vector of tag IDs
Value
The function will return a nested list where each item corresponds to:
1. beep data
2. node health
3. GPS
Within each list item, there is a list for a data frame and the hardware version. Also, a column “v” has been added to each data frame indicating the hardware version.
3.2 Node Health
3.2.1 node_channel_plots
Description
This function is the “engine” behind the export function. You can run it standalone with the following parameters, but you don’t have to if your sole goal is to output image files.
Usage
Arguments
- health: the 2nd list item output by the load_data() function
- freq: the time interval for which you want variables to be summarized
- ids: a vector of IDs; the ID is of the format "
_ "
- lat: latitude (optional to produce day/night shading)
- lon: longitude (optional to produce day/night shading)
Value
The output is a nested list, where the top level is each combination of channel and node, and each item is a list of the following plots:
- battery
- RSSI
- number of check-ins
- scaled number of check-ins as line plot over scaled RSSI
- box plot of node RSSI
THE FOLLOWING ONLY FOR V2
- latitude
- longitude
- scaled RSSI
- dispersion
3.2.2 node_plots
Description
A set of diagnostic plots per node
Usage
Arguments
- health: the 2nd data frame output by the load_data() function
- nodes: list of nodes
- freq: the time interval for which you want variables to be summarized
- lat: latitude
- lon: longitude
Value
The output is a nested list for each node, with the following plots for each:
- RSSI
- number of check-ins
- battery
THE FOLLOWING ONLY FOR V2
- time mismatches
- small time mismatches
3.2.3 gps_plots
Description
Plots to visualize some GPS data. ONLY FOR V2 HARDWARE
Usage
Arguments
- gps: the 3rd data frame from the load_data() function
- freq: the time interval of summary
Value
A list of the following plots:
- altitude
- number of fixes
3.2.4 export_node_channel_plots
Description
Export plots of node x channel data
Usage
export_node_channel_plots(plotlist=NULL,health,freq="1 hour",out_path=getwd(),whichplots = c(3,2,1))
Arguments
- plotlist: allows you to pass the output of node_channel_plots() if you prefer
- health: the 2nd data frame output by the load_data() function
- freq: the time interval for which you want variables to be summarized
- out_path: where you want your plots to go
- whichplots: an index vector of of the available plots
Output
This outputs a png for each input combination of node and channel.
3.2.5 export_node_plots
Description
Same as above; index for the plots can be chosen from the list under the node_plots()
description
Usage
Arguments
To assign x, y and z, look at the description for node_channel_plots()
and select those plot index in the order you want them on the page.
Output
This outputs a png for each input node


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[gecode-users] Building an intset with an int[][2]
Jérémie Vautard
jeremie.vautard at laposte.net
Tue Sep 4 17:15:25 CEST 2007
Hi !
I have a problem concerning the use of the IntSet(int[][2],int)
constructor : I have a function which builds the array of ranges with
a code which looks like :
{
int** ret = new int*[length_of_array]
for (int i=0;i<length_of_array;i++) ret[i] = new int[2];
return ret;
}
In another class, I want to build the IntSet using the array given by
my function. However, if I do :
int** myRanges = my_function(parameters);
Intset mySet(myRanges,the_length);
XCode answers me : Invalid conversion from int** to int.
Obviously, it tries to use the wrong constructor ( IntSet(min,max) ),
but then, that means it considers there is a difference between int[]
[] and int** types.
Do you have an idea of how to make it use the right constructor ?
Cheers,
Jeremie
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


Distributed means
- Each developer has a complete, local repository
- Technically the central repository is not different from the local repositories
- Easy offline usage
- Easy to branch a project
- Examples: Git, Mercurial, Bazaar
## Distributed version control system
## Cloning a repository
## Git Repository Structure
A **Git Repository** is created by :
* `git init`
* `git clone`
* `.git` folder is git repository
* `.git` folder contains the full version database.
* Many files in the `.git` folder are human-readable.
* files/folders next to the `.git` folder are the working tree
* A **Git Repository** has at most one working tree.
* A **Git repository** without working tree is called *bare repository* (used on servers).
## Making changes in working directory
## SHA1
* globally unique commit ID
* 40-digit hexadecimal number
* function of the commit object content
* shown in `git` log output etc.
To inspect a commit use
* `git show `
* `git show --format=fuller `
* Once created commits are immutable.
## Updating the remote repository
## Different states of file in dev environment
HEAD is at tip of branch
After reset
New Commit after reset
HEAD is at tip of branch
- The new commit becomes successor of the commit to which the current branch points.
- The current branch is updated.
## Updating the development environment
### `fetch`
## Updating the development environment
### `pull`
## Updating the development environment
### `pull --rebase`
Q: What is the result of merging the featureX branch into the master branch? Which branch is updated?
* Merges *featureX* into the current branch (master).
* Creates a merge commit (commit with more than one parent).
* The current branch is updated.
`git merge featureX`
Merge - Fast-Forward
**Fast forward merge**
* Just moves the branch pointer.
* No creation of a merge commit.
`git merge --ff`
* Imagine that:
* commit **E** implements a feature
* commit **F** is bug-fix
* the bug-fix **F** is needed in master
* apply changes done by the commit that is cherry-picked to a new base.
* commit message is preserved.
* new commit has no parent relation to the commit that was cherry-picked.
* `cherry-pick` can fail with conflict.
* redo the work that was done in the *featureX* branch on top of the master branch
* rebases the current branch to a another base commit
* rebase = series of cherry-picks
* `git rebase master` rebases all commits of the *featureX* branch onto the master branch.
fetch > merge > push
fetch > rebase > push
| Merge |
Rebase |
- Two commits, commit C which implements the feature and the merge commit E.
- Diverged history.
- From the history one can see that commit C was originally developed based on commit B.
|
- Single commit, it looks like commit C was developed based on commit D.
- Linear history.
|
Before interactive
rebase
`git rebase -i HEAD~3`
* `git revert` undos the changes that have been done by a commit by creating a new commit that applies the inverted changes.
* `git revert` may fail due to conflicts. After resolving the conflicts and staging the conflict resolution you can create the revert commit by `git commit`.
Reset v/s Revert v/s Checkout
reset |
Commit |
Discard commits/throw uncommited changes |
reset |
File |
Unstage a file |
checkout |
Commit |
Switch between branches |
checkout |
File |
Discard changes in the working directory |
revert |
Commit |
Undo commits |
revert |
File |
(N/A) |
Lab Test 1 - Quiz (git concepts)
Limitations of versioning system
- Versioning is not same as code review
- Pull requests are not good enough to enforce rules
- GitHub (a hosted site) has plugins, not necessarily free e.g. Codacy is free for Open Source (public) projects, same as GitHub
Challenges in Agile
- Communication (people and people, people across silos)
- Time to test and time to release
- Test driven development and consistent testing
Tools for Automation
- CI/CD — Jenkins, Shippable, Bamboo, Travis-CI, Github Actions
- Containerization — Docker, Rocket, Unik
- Orchestration — Kubernetes, Swarm, Mesos
- Deployment — Elastic Beanstalk, Octopus, Vamp
- Test Automation - Selenium, Cucumber, Apache JMeter
- Measurement - NewRelic, Kibana, Datadog
- ChatOps - Hubot, Lita, Cog
- Infrastructure as code - Ansible, Puppet, Chef
What is DevOps?
- The term “DevOps” typically refers to the emerging professional movement that advocates a collaborative working relationship between Development and IT Operations, resulting in the fast flow of planned work (i.e., high deploy rates), while simultaneously increasing the reliability, stability, resilience and security of the production environment (Gene Kim).
Large firms like Google would
- Manage own firmware/hardware
- Use open source and contribute back
- Write own methods and scripts
- Sometime engineer own hardware
Results in
- Control over data and enviroment
- Complexity and change
A client in need of IT services or a app shop would
- Deploy on cloud like AWS
- Pay for lot of value added services
- Pay third-party tool to install and deploy
- Trust someone else chips and software
Results in
- Quick and simple setup
- Lack of control and expensive
DevOps
DevOps Toolchain
- Jenkins is a self-contained, open source automation server which can be used to automate all sorts of tasks related to building, testing, and delivering or deploying software.
- Jenkins can be installed through native system packages, Docker, or even run standalone by any machine with a Java Runtime Environment (JRE) installed.
https://jenkins.io/doc/
Travis-CI
| Travis-CI |
Jenkins |
| Simple to use with SaaS tools |
good for control on your data & tools |
| Hosted(free for open source projects |
Open source and can run on-premises |
| Simple config with YML file |
Jobs(also has a YML file |
| Great integration with github |
Github plugin |
- Containerization is a technology that’s been around for a long time, but it’s seen new life with Docker. It packages applications as images that contain everything needed to run them: code, runtime environment, libraries, and configuration. Images run in containers, which are discrete processes that take up only as many resources as any other executable.
Docker Overview
Installation Instructions
Lab - 2
Submit a word file with screen shots of the Jenkins output
What did we learn from Lab - 2
- Basic configurations of jenkins
- Setting up Continuous delivery pipeline(CD) in Jenkins
- Groovy syntax
- What is "Pipeline as Code" (IaC)
- Build and deploy code with a CD pipeline


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block content %} {% load static %}
(Pending approval) {{ project_item.caption }}
Yay! No more pending projects to review.
(Rejected) {{ project_item.caption }}
There are no previously rejected projects.


13+ Roxana Fire Department Live Run Log Pics. Thu jan, 21 2021 @ 21:04. Dover fire department station 2 911 kenton road dover de.
Saturday october, 31 2020 @ 16:37. Start studying chapter 6 fire department resources. Los angeles fire department, los angeles, ca.
The mission of the greensburg volunteer fire department is to provide the highest level of public safety services, fire prevention education, and enhance community development for all residents and visitors of the city of greensburg.
With or without with only. California notice do not sell my info. Jump and duck to dodge obstacles. 2020 year end run log.