--- layout: post title: "[Tips] ffmpeg関連" categories: - blog tags: - Blog - Review - "本" status: publish type: post published: true meta: {} author: login: sonson email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: sonson first_name: '' last_name: '' ---
メモメモ．いつか，まとめる？
mplayer -ss 1.2 -frames 51 -vo jpeg -vf framestep=3step
ffmpeg -i "c: mpmy.flv" -f image2 -ss 00:00:10 -vframes 1 output.png
usage: ffmpeg [[infile options] -i infile]... {[outfile options] outfile}...
Hyper fast Audio and Video encoder
Main options:
-L show license
-h show help
-version show version
-formats show available formats, codecs, protocols, ...
-f fmt force format
-img img_fmt force image format
-i filename input file name
-y overwrite output files
-t duration set the recording time
-fs limit_size set the limit file size
-ss time_off set the start time offset
-itsoffset time_off set the input ts offset
-title string set the title
-timestamp time set the timestamp
-author string set the author
-copyright string set the copyright
-comment string set the comment
-album string set the album
-v verbose control amount of logging
-target type specify target file type ("vcd", "svcd", "dvd", "dv", "dv50", "pal-vcd", "ntsc-svcd", ...)
-dframes number set the number of data frames to record
-scodec codec force subtitle codec ('copy' to copy stream)
-newsubtitle add a new subtitle stream to the current output stream
-slang code set the ISO 639 language code (3 letters) of the current subtitle stream
Video options:
-vframes number set the number of video frames to record
-r rate set frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation)
-s size set frame size (WxH or abbreviation)
-aspect aspect set aspect ratio (4:3, 16:9 or 1.3333, 1.7777)
-croptop size set top crop band size (in pixels)
-cropbottom size set bottom crop band size (in pixels)
-cropleft size set left crop band size (in pixels)
-cropright size set right crop band size (in pixels)
-padtop size set top pad band size (in pixels)
-padbottom size set bottom pad band size (in pixels)
-padleft size set left pad band size (in pixels)
-padright size set right pad band size (in pixels)
-padcolor color set color of pad bands (Hex 000000 thru FFFFFF)
-vn disable video
-vcodec codec force video codec ('copy' to copy stream)
-sameq use same video quality as source (implies VBR)
-pass n select the pass number (1 or 2)
-passlogfile file select two pass log file name
-newvideo add a new video stream to the current output stream
Advanced Video options:
-pix_fmt format set pixel format
-intra use only intra frames
-vdt n discard threshold
-qscale q use fixed video quantiser scale (VBR)
-lmin lambda min video lagrange factor (VBR)
-lmax lambda max video lagrange factor (VBR)
-mblmin q min macroblock quantiser scale (VBR)
-mblmax q max macroblock quantiser scale (VBR)
-qdiff q max difference between the quantiser scale (VBR)
-rc_eq equation set rate control equation
-rc_override override rate control override for specific intervals
-me method set motion estimation method
-me_threshold motion estimaton threshold
-strict strictness how strictly to follow the standards
-deinterlace deinterlace pictures
-psnr calculate PSNR of compressed frames
-vstats dump video coding statistics to file
-vhook module insert video processing module
-intra_matrix matrix specify intra matrix coeffs
-inter_matrix matrix specify inter matrix coeffs
-top top=1/bottom=0/auto=-1 field first
-dc precision intra_dc_precision
-vtag fourcc/tag force video tag/fourcc
-qphist show QP histogram
-vbsf bitstream filter
Audio options:
-aframes number set the number of audio frames to record
-ab bitrate set audio bitrate (in kbit/s)
-aq quality set audio quality (codec-specific)
-ar rate set audio sampling rate (in Hz)
-ac channels set number of audio channels
-an disable audio
-acodec codec force audio codec ('copy' to copy stream)
-vol volume change audio volume (256=normal)
-newaudio add a new audio stream to the current output stream
-alang code set the ISO 639 language code (3 letters) of the current audio stream
Advanced Audio options:
-atag fourcc/tag force audio tag/fourcc
-absf bitstream filter
Subtitle options:
-scodec codec force subtitle codec ('copy' to copy stream)
-newsubtitle add a new subtitle stream to the current output stream
-slang code set the ISO 639 language code (3 letters) of the current subtitle stream
Audio/Video grab options:
-vd device set video grab device
-vc channel set video grab channel (DV1394 only)
-tvstd standard set television standard (NTSC, PAL (SECAM))
-ad device set audio device
-grab format request grabbing using
-gd device set grab device
Advanced options:
-map file:stream[:syncfile:syncstream] set input stream mapping
-map_meta_data outfile:infile set meta data information of outfile from infile
-benchmark add timings for benchmarking
-dump dump each input packet
-hex when dumping packets, also dump the payload
-re read input at native frame rate
-loop_input loop (current only works with images)
-loop_output number of times to loop output in formats that support looping (0 loops forever)
-threads count thread count
-vsync video sync method
-async audio sync method
-vglobal video global header storage type
-copyts copy timestamps
-shortest finish encoding within shortest input
-dts_delta_threshold timestamp discontinuity delta threshold
-ps size set packet size in bits
-muxdelay seconds set the maximum demux-decode delay
-muxpreload seconds set the initial demux-decode delay


The value myVal should be at least 6 characters long. The value myNum should just be a number greater than 5.
myVal
myNum


This sentence must be green on a green background.
This sentence must be green on a green background.


@angular/cdk/testing
provides infrastructure to help with testing Angular components.
A component harness is a class that lets a test interact with a component via a supported API. Each harness's API interacts with a component the same way a user would. By using the harness API, a test insulates itself against updates to the internals of a component, such as changing its DOM structure. The idea for component harnesses comes from the PageObject pattern commonly used for integration testing.
@angular/cdk/testing
contains infrastructure for creating and using component test harnesses. You
can create test harnesses for any component, ranging from small reusable widgets to full application
pages.
The component harness system supports multiple testing environments. You can use the same harness implementation in both unit and end-to-end tests. This means that users only need to learn one API, and component authors don't have to maintain separate unit and end-to-end test implementations.
Common component libraries, in particular, benefit from this infrastructure due to the wide use of their components. Providing a test harness allows the consumers of a component to write tests that avoid dependencies on any private implementation details. By capturing these implementation details in a single place, consumers can more easily update to new library versions.
This document provides guidance for three types of developers:
Since many developers fall into only one of these categories, the relevant APIs are broken out by developer type in the sections below.
Test authors are developers using component harnesses written by someone else to test their application. For example, this could be an app developer who uses a third-party menu component and needs to interact with the menu in a unit test.
ComponentHarness
classes
ComponentHarness
is the abstract base class for all component harnesses. Every harness extends
this class. All ComponentHarness
subclasses have a static property, hostSelector
, that
matches the harness class to instances of the component in the DOM. Beyond that, the API of any
given harness is specific to its corresponding component; refer to the component's documentation to
learn how to use a specific harness.
TestbedHarnessEnvironment
and SeleniumWebDriverHarnessEnvironment
These classes correspond to different implementations of the component harness system with bindings
for specific test environments. Any given test must only import one of these classes. Karma-based
unit tests should use the TestbedHarnessEnvironment
, while Selenium WebDriver-based end-to-end tests
should use the SeleniumWebDriverHarnessEnvironment
. Additional environments require custom bindings; see
API for harness environment authors for more information on
alternate test environments.
These classes are primarily used to create a HarnessLoader
instance, and in certain cases, to
create ComponentHarness
instances directly.
TestbedHarnessEnvironment
offers the following static methods:
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
loader(fixture: ComponentFixture<unknown>): HarnessLoader |
Gets a HarnessLoader instance for the given fixture, rooted at the fixture's root element. Should be used to create harnesses for elements contained inside the fixture |
documentRootLoader(fixture: ComponentFixture<unknown>): HarnessLoader |
Gets a HarnessLoader instance for the given fixture, rooted at the HTML document's root element. Can be used to create harnesses for elements that fall outside of the fixture |
harnessForFixture<T extends ComponentHarness>(fixture: ComponentFixture<unknown>, harnessType: ComponentHarnessConstructor<T>): Promise<T> |
Used to create a ComponentHarness instance for the fixture's root element directly. This is necessary when bootstrapping the test with the component you plan to load a harness for, because Angular does not set the proper tag name when creating the fixture. |
In most cases, you can create a HarnessLoader
in the beforeEach
block using
TestbedHarnessEnvironment.loader(fixture)
and then use that HarnessLoader
to create any
necessary ComponentHarness
instances. The other methods cover special cases as shown in this
example:
Consider a reusable dialog-button component that opens a dialog on click, containing the following components, each with a corresponding harness:
MyDialogButton
(composes the MyButton
and MyDialog
with a convenient API)MyButton
(a simple button component)MyDialog
(a dialog appended to document.body
by MyDialogButton
upon click)The following code loads harnesses for each of these components:
let fixture: ComponentFixture<MyDialogButton>;
let loader: HarnessLoader;
let rootLoader: HarnessLoader;
beforeEach(() => {
fixture = TestBed.createComponent(MyDialogButton);
loader = TestbedHarnessEnvironment.loader(fixture);
rootLoader = TestbedHarnessEnvironment.documentRootLoader(fixture);
});
it('loads harnesses', async () => {
// Load a harness for the bootstrapped component with `harnessForFixture`
dialogButtonHarness =
await TestbedHarnessEnvironment.harnessForFixture(fixture, MyDialogButtonHarness);
// The button element is inside the fixture's root element, so we use `loader`.
const buttonHarness = await loader.getHarness(MyButtonHarness);
// Click the button to open the dialog
await buttonHarness.click();
// The dialog is appended to `document.body`, outside of the fixture's root element,
// so we use `rootLoader` in this case.
const dialogHarness = await rootLoader.getHarness(MyDialogHarness);
// ... make some assertions
});
SeleniumWebDriverHarnessEnvironment
has an API that offers a single static method:
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
loader(): HarnessLoader |
Gets a HarnessLoader instance for the current HTML document, rooted at the document's root element. |
Since Selenium WebDriver does not deal with fixtures, the API in this environment is simpler. The
HarnessLoader
returned by the loader()
method should be sufficient for loading all necessary
ComponentHarness
instances.
Please note that harnesses may not behave exactly the same in all environments. There will always be some difference between the real browser-generated event sequence when a user clicks or types in an element, versus the simulated event sequence generated in unit tests. Instead, the CDK makes a best effort to normalize the behavior and simulate the most important events in the sequence.
HarnessLoader
Instances of this class correspond to a specific DOM element (the "root element" of the loader) and
are used to create ComponentHarness
instances for elements under this root element.
HarnessLoader
instances have the following methods:
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
getChildLoader(selector: string): Promise<HarnessLoader> |
Searches for an element matching the given selector below the root element of this HarnessLoader , and returns a new HarnessLoader rooted at the first matching element |
getAllChildLoaders(selector: string): Promise<HarnessLoader[]> |
Acts like getChildLoader , but returns an array of HarnessLoader instances, one for each matching element, rather than just the first matching element |
getHarness<T extends ComponentHarness>(harnessType: ComponentHarnessConstructor<T> | HarnessPredicate<T>): Promise<T> |
Searches for an instance of the given ComponentHarness class or HarnessPredicate below the root element of this HarnessLoader and returns an instance of the harness corresponding to the first matching element |
getAllHarnesses<T extends ComponentHarness>(harnessType: ComponentHarnessConstructor<T> | HarnessPredicate<T>): Promise<T[]> |
Acts like getHarness , but returns an array of harness instances, one for each matching element, rather than just the first matching element |
Calls to getHarness
and getAllHarnesses
can either take ComponentHarness
subclass or a
HarnessPredicate
. HarnessPredicate
applies additional restrictions to the search (e.g. searching
for a button that has some particular text, etc). The
details of HarnessPredicate
are discussed in
the API for component harness authors; harness authors should
provide convenience methods on their ComponentHarness
subclass to facilitate the creation of
HarnessPredicate
instances. However, if the harness author's API is not sufficient, they can be
created manually.
By default, test harnesses will run Angular's change detection before reading the state of a DOM
element and after interacting with a DOM element. While convenient in most cases, there may be times
that you need finer-grained control over change detection. For example, you may want to check the
state of a component while an async operation is pending. In these cases you can use the
manualChangeDetection
function to disable automatic handling of change detection for a block of
code. For example:
it('checks state while async action is in progress', async () => {
const buttonHarness = loader.getHarness(MyButtonHarness);
await manualChangeDetection(async () => {
await buttonHarness.click();
fixture.detectChanges();
// Check expectations while async click operation is in progress.
expect(isProgressSpinnerVisible()).toBe(true);
await fixture.whenStable();
// Check expectations after async click operation complete.
expect(isProgressSpinnerVisible()).toBe(false);
});
});
To support both unit and end-to-end tests, and to insulate tests against changes in
asynchronous behavior, almost all harness methods are asynchronous and return a Promise
;
therefore, the Angular team recommends using
ES2017 async
/await
syntax
to improve the test readability.
Note that await
statements block the execution of your test until the associated Promise
resolves. Occasionally, you may want to perform multiple actions simultaneously and wait until
they're all done rather than performing each action sequentially. For example, reading multiple
properties off a single component. In these situations use the parallel
function to parallelize
the operations. The parallel function works similarly to Promise.all
, while also optimizing change
detection, so it is not run an excessive number of times. The following code demonstrates how you
can read multiple properties from a harness with parallel
:
it('reads properties in parallel', async () => {
const checkboxHarness = loader.getHarness(MyCheckboxHarness);
// Read the checked and intermediate properties simultaneously.
const [checked, indeterminate] = await parallel(() => [
checkboxHarness.isChecked(),
checkboxHarness.isIndeterminate()
]);
expect(checked).toBe(false);
expect(indeterminate).toBe(true);
});
Component harness authors are developers who maintain some reusable Angular component, and want to create a test harness for it, that users of the component can use in their tests. For example, this could be an author of a third party Angular component library or a developer who maintains a set of common components for a large Angular application.
ComponentHarness
The abstract ComponentHarness
class is the base class for all component harnesses. To create a
custom component harness, extend ComponentHarness
and implement the static property
hostSelector
. The hostSelector
property identifies elements in the DOM that match this harness
subclass. In most cases, the hostSelector
should be the same as the selector
of the corresponding
Component
or Directive
. For example, consider a simple popup component:
@Component({
selector: 'my-popup',
template: `
<button (click)="toggle()">{{triggerText}}</button>
<div *ngIf="open" class="my-popup-content"><ng-content></ng-content></div>
`
})
class MyPopup {
@Input() triggerText: string;
open = false;
toggle() {
this.open = !this.open;
}
}
In this case, a minimal harness for the component would look like the following:
class MyPopupHarness extends ComponentHarness {
static hostSelector = 'my-popup';
}
While ComponentHarness
subclasses require only the hostSelector
property, most harnesses should
also implement a static with
method to generate HarnessPredicate
instances. The
HarnessPredicate
section below covers this
in more detail.
Each instance of a ComponentHarness
subclass represents a particular instance of the
corresponding component. You can access the component's host element via the host
method from
the ComponentHarness
base class.
ComponentHarness
additionally offers several methods for locating elements within the component's
DOM. These methods are locatorFor
, locatorForOptional
, and locatorForAll
.
Note, though, that these methods do not directly find elements. Instead, they create functions
that find elements. This approach safeguards against caching references to out-of-date elements. For
example, when an ngIf
hides and then shows an element, the result is a new DOM element; using
functions ensures that tests always reference the current state of the DOM.
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
host(): Promise<TestElement> |
Returns a Promise for the host element of the corresponding component instance. |
locatorFor(selector: string): () => Promise<TestElement> |
Creates a function that returns a Promise for the first element matching the given selector when called. If no matching element is found, the Promise rejects. |
locatorForOptional(selector: string): () => Promise<TestElement | null> |
Creates a function that returns a Promise for the first element matching the given selector when called. If no matching element is found, the Promise is resolved with null . |
locatorForAll(selector: string): () => Promise<TestElement[]> |
Creates a function that returns a Promise for a list of all elements matching the given selector when called. |
For example, the MyPopupHarness
class discussed above could provide methods to get the trigger
and content elements as follows:
class MyPopupHarness extends ComponentHarness {
static hostSelector = 'my-popup';
/** Gets the trigger element */
getTriggerElement = this.locatorFor('button');
/** Gets the content element. */
getContentElement = this.locatorForOptional('.my-popup-content');
}
TestElement
instances
The functions created with the locator methods described above all return TestElement
instances.
TestElement
offers a number of methods to interact with the underlying DOM:
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
blur(): Promise<void> |
Blurs the element. |
clear(): Promise<void> |
Clears the text in the element (intended for <input> and <textarea> only). |
click(relativeX?: number, relativeY?: number): Promise<void> |
Clicks the element (at the given position relative to the element's top-left corner). |
focus(): Promise<void> |
Focuses the element. |
getCssValue(property: string): Promise<string> |
Gets the computed value of the given CSS property for the element. |
hover(): Promise<void> |
Hovers over the element. |
sendKeys(modifiers?: ModifierKeys, ...keys: (string | TestKey)[]): Promise<void> |
Sends the given list of key presses to the element (with optional modifier keys). |
text(): Promise<string> |
Gets the text content of the element |
getAttribute(name: string): Promise<string | null> |
Gets the value of the given HTML attribute for the element. |
hasClass(name: string): Promise<boolean> |
Checks whether the element has the given class applied. |
getDimensions(): Promise<ElementDimensions> |
Gets the dimensions of the element. |
getProperty(name: string): Promise<any> |
Gets the value of the given JS property for the element. |
matchesSelector(selector: string): Promise<boolean> |
Checks whether the element matches the given CSS selector. |
setInputValue(value: string): Promise<void>; |
Sets the value of a property of an input. |
selectOptions(...optionIndexes: number[]): Promise<void>; |
Selects the options at the specified indexes inside of a native select element. |
dispatchEvent(name: string, data?: Record<string, EventData>): Promise<void>; |
Dispatches an event with a particular name. |
TestElement
is an abstraction designed to work across different test environments (Karma,
Selenium WebDriver, etc). When using harnesses, you should perform all DOM interaction via this interface.
Other means of accessing DOM elements (e.g. document.querySelector
) will not work in all test
environments.
As a best practice, you should not expose TestElement
instances to users of a harness
unless its an element the component consumer defines directly (e.g. the host element). Exposing
TestElement
instances for internal elements leads users to depend on a component's internal DOM
structure.
Instead, provide more narrow-focused methods for particular actions the end-user will
take or particular state they may want to check. For example, MyPopupHarness
could provide methods
like toggle
and isOpen
:
class MyPopupHarness extends ComponentHarness {
static hostSelector = 'my-popup';
protected getTriggerElement = this.locatorFor('button');
protected getContentElement = this.locatorForOptional('.my-popup-content');
/** Toggles the open state of the popup. */
async toggle() {
const trigger = await this.getTriggerElement();
return trigger.click();
}
/** Checks if the popup us open. */
async isOpen() {
const content = await this.getContentElement();
return !!content;
}
}
Larger components often compose smaller components. You can reflect this structure in a
component's harness as well. Each of the locatorFor
methods on ComponentHarness
discussed
earlier has an alternate signature that can be used for locating sub-harnesses rather than elements.
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
locatorFor<T extends ComponentHarness>(harnessType: ComponentHarnessConstructor<T>): () => Promise<T> |
Creates a function that returns a Promise for the first harness matching the given harness type when called. If no matching harness is found, the Promise rejects. |
locatorForOptional<T extends ComponentHarness>(harnessType: ComponentHarnessConstructor<T>): () => Promise<T | null> |
Creates a function that returns a Promise for the first harness matching the given harness type when called. If no matching harness is found, the Promise is resolved with null . |
locatorForAll<T extends ComponentHarness>(harnessType: ComponentHarnessConstructor<T>): () => Promise<T[]> |
Creates a function that returns a Promise for a list of all harnesses matching the given harness type when called. |
For example, consider a menu build using the popup shown above:
@Component({
selector: 'my-menu',
template: `
<my-popup>
<ng-content></ng-content>
</my-popup>
`
})
class MyMenu {
@Input() triggerText: string;
@ContentChildren(MyMenuItem) items: QueryList<MyMenuItem>;
}
@Directive({
selector: 'my-menu-item'
})
class MyMenuItem {}
The harness for MyMenu
can then take advantage of other harnesses for MyPopup
and MyMenuItem
:
class MyMenuHarness extends ComponentHarness {
static hostSelector = 'my-menu';
protected getPopupHarness = this.locatorFor(MyPopupHarness);
/** Gets the currently shown menu items (empty list if menu is closed). */
getItems = this.locatorForAll(MyMenuItemHarness);
/** Toggles open state of the menu. */
async toggle() {
const popupHarness = await this.getPopupHarness();
return popupHarness.toggle();
}
}
class MyMenuItemHarness extends ComponentHarness {
static hostSelector = 'my-menu-item';
}
HarnessPredicate
When a page contains multiple instances of a particular component, you may want to filter based on
some property of the component to get a particular component instance. For example, you may want
a button with some specific text, or a menu with a specific ID. The HarnessPredicate
class can capture criteria like this for a ComponentHarness
subclass. While the
test author is able to construct HarnessPredicate
instances manually, it's easier when the
ComponentHarness
subclass provides a helper method to construct predicates for common filters.
The recommended approach to providing this helper is to create a static with
method on each
ComponentHarness
subclass that returns a HarnessPredicate
for that class. This allows test
authors to write easily understandable code, e.g.
loader.getHarness(MyMenuHarness.with({selector: '#menu1'}))
. In addition to the standard
selector
and ancestor
options, the with
method should add any other options that make sense
for the particular subclass.
Harnesses that need to add additional options should extend the BaseHarnessFilters
interface and
additional optional properties as needed. HarnessPredicate
provides several convenience methods
for adding options.
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
static stringMatches(s: string | Promise<string>, pattern: string | RegExp): Promise<boolean> |
Compares a string or Promise of a string against a string or RegExp and returns a boolean Promise indicating whether it matches. |
addOption<O>(name: string, option: O | undefined, predicate: (harness: T, option: O) => Promise<boolean>): HarnessPredicate<T> |
Creates a new HarnessPredicate that enforces all of the conditions of the current one, plus the new constraint specified by the predicate parameter. If the option parameter is undefined the predicate is considered to be always true. |
add(description: string, predicate: (harness: T) => Promise<boolean>): HarnessPredicate<T> |
Creates a new HarnessPredicate that enforces all of the conditions of the current one, plus the new constraint specified by the predicate parameter. |
For example, when working with a menu it would likely be useful to add a way to filter based on trigger text and to filter menu items based on their text:
interface MyMenuHarnessFilters extends BaseHarnessFilters {
/** Filters based on the trigger text for the menu. */
triggerText?: string | RegExp;
}
interface MyMenuItemHarnessFilters extends BaseHarnessFilters {
/** Filters based on the text of the menu item. */
text?: string | RegExp;
}
class MyMenuHarness extends ComponentHarness {
static hostSelector = 'my-menu';
/** Creates a `HarnessPredicate` used to locate a particular `MyMenuHarness`. */
static with(options: MyMenuHarnessFilters): HarnessPredicate<MyMenuHarness> {
return new HarnessPredicate(MyMenuHarness, options)
.addOption('trigger text', options.triggerText,
(harness, text) => HarnessPredicate.stringMatches(harness.getTriggerText(), text));
}
protected getPopupHarness = this.locatorFor(MyPopupHarness);
/** Gets the text of the menu trigger. */
async getTriggerText(): Promise<string> {
const popupHarness = await this.getPopupHarness();
return popupHarness.getTriggerText();
}
...
}
class MyMenuItemHarness extends ComponentHarness {
static hostSelector = 'my-menu-item';
/** Creates a `HarnessPredicate` used to locate a particular `MyMenuItemHarness`. */
static with(options: MyMenuItemHarnessFilters): HarnessPredicate<MyMenuItemHarness> {
return new HarnessPredicate(MyMenuItemHarness, options)
.addOption('text', options.text,
(harness, text) => HarnessPredicate.stringMatches(harness.getText(), text));
}
/** Gets the text of the menu item. */
async getText(): Promise<string> {
const host = await this.host();
return host.text();
}
}
You can pass a HarnessPredicate
in place of a ComponentHarness
class to any of the APIs on
HarnessLoader
, LocatorFactory
, or ComponentHarness
. This allows test authors to easily target
a particular component instance when creating a harness instance. It also allows the harness author
to leverage the same HarnessPredicate
to enable more powerful APIs on their harness class. For
example, consider the getItems
method on the MyMenuHarness
shown above.
This can now easily be expanded to allow users of the harness to search for particular menu items:
class MyMenuHarness extends ComponentHarness {
static hostSelector = 'my-menu';
/** Gets a list of items in the menu, optionally filtered based on the given criteria. */
async getItems(filters: MyMenuItemHarnessFilters = {}): Promise<MyMenuItemHarness[]> {
const getFilteredItems = this.locatorForAll(MyMenuItemHarness.with(filters));
return getFilteredItems();
}
...
}
HarnessLoader
for an element
Some components use <ng-content>
to project additional content into the component's template. When
creating a harness for such a component, you can give the harness user a HarnessLoader
instance
scoped to the element containing the <ng-content>
. This allows the user of the harness to load
additional harnesses for whatever components were passed in as content. ComponentHarness
has
several APIs that can be used to create HarnessLoader
instances for cases like this.
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
harnessLoaderFor(selector: string): Promise<HarnessLoader> |
Gets a Promise for a HarnessLoader rooted at the first element matching the given selector, if no element is found the Promise rejects. |
harnessLoaderForOptional(selector: string): Promise<HarnessLoader | null> |
Gets a Promise for a HarnessLoader rooted at the first element matching the given selector, if no element is found the Promise resolves to null . |
harnessLoaderForAll(selector: string): Promise<HarnessLoader[]> |
Gets a Promise for a list of HarnessLoader , one rooted at each element matching the given selector. |
The MyPopup
component discussed earlier is a good example of a component with arbitrary content
that users may want to load harnesses for. MyPopupHarness
could add support for this by
extending ContentContainerComponentHarness
.
class MyPopupHarness extends ContentContainerComponentHarness<string> {
static hostSelector = 'my-popup';
}
There are times when a component harness might need to access elements outside of its corresponding
component's host element. Components that use CDK overlay serve as examples of this. The CDK overlay creates an element that is attached directly to the body, outside of the component's host element. In this case,
ComponentHarness
provides a method that can be used to get a LocatorFactory
for the root element
of the document. The LocatorFactory
supports most of the same APIs as the ComponentHarness
base
class, and can then be used to query relative to the document's root element.
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
documentRootLocatorFactory(): LocatorFactory |
Creates a LocatorFactory rooted at the document's root element. |
Consider if the MyPopup
component above used the CDK overlay for the popup content, rather than an
element in its own template. In this case, MyPopupHarness
would have to access the content element
via documentRootLocatorFactory()
:
class MyPopupHarness extends ComponentHarness {
static hostSelector = 'my-popup';
/** Gets a `HarnessLoader` whose root element is the popup's content element. */
async getHarnessLoaderForContent(): Promise<HarnessLoader> {
const rootLocator = this.documentRootLocatorFactory();
return rootLocator.harnessLoaderFor('my-popup-content');
}
}
The methods on TestElement
automatically trigger Angular's change detection and wait for tasks
inside the NgZone
, so in most cases no special effort is required for harness authors to wait on
asynchronous tasks. However, there are some edge cases where this may not be sufficient.
Under some circumstances, Angular animations may require a second cycle of change detection and
subsequent NgZone
stabilization before animation events are fully flushed. In cases where this is
needed, the ComponentHarness
offers a forceStabilize()
method that can be called to do the
second round.
Additionally, some components may intentionally schedule tasks outside of NgZone
, this is
typically accomplished by using NgZone.runOutsideAngular
. In this case, the corresponding harness
may need to explicitly wait for tasks outside NgZone
, as this does not happen automatically.
ComponentHarness
offers a method called waitForTasksOutsideAngular
for this purpose.
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
forceStabilize(): Promise<void> |
Explicitly runs a round of change detection in Angular and waits for NgZone to stabilize. |
waitForTasksOutsideAngular(): Promise<void> |
Waits for tasks scheduled outside of NgZone to complete. |
Harness environment authors are developers who want to add support for using component harnesses in
additional testing environments. Out-of-the-box, Angular CDK's component harnesses can be used in
Selenium WebDriver E2E tests and Karma unit tests. Developers can support additional environments by
creating custom implementations of TestElement
and HarnessEnvironment
.
TestElement
implementation for the environment
The first step in adding support for a new testing environment is to create a TestElement
implementation. The TestElement
interface serves as an environment-agnostic representation of a
DOM element; it lets harnesses interact with DOM elements regardless of the underlying environment.
Because some environments don't support interacting with DOM elements synchronously
(e.g. WebDriver), all of the TestElement
methods are asynchronous, returning a Promise
with the
result of the operation.
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
blur(): Promise<void> |
Blurs the element. |
clear(): Promise<void> |
Clears the text from an element (only applies for <input> and <textarea> ). |
click(relativeX?: number, relativeY?: number): Promise<void> |
Clicks an element at a point relative to it's top-left corner. |
focus(): Promise<void> |
Focuses the element. |
getCssValue(property: string): Promise<string> |
Gets the computed CSS value of the given property for the element. |
hover(): Promise<void> |
Hovers the mouse over the element. |
sendKeys(...keys: (string | TestKey)[]): Promise<void> |
Sends a sequence of key events to the element. |
sendKeys(modifiers: ModifierKeys, ...keys: (string | TestKey)[]): Promise<void> |
Sends a sequence of key events to the element, while holding a set of modifier keys. |
text(): Promise<string> |
Gets the text content of the element. |
getAttribute(name: string): Promise<string | null> |
Gets the value of the given HTML attribute for the element. |
hasClass(name: string): Promise<boolean> |
Checks whether the element has the given class. |
getDimensions(): Promise<ElementDimensions> |
Gets the dimensions of the element. |
getProperty(name: string): Promise<any> |
Gets the value of the given property for the element. |
matchesSelector(selector: string): Promise<boolean> |
Checks whether the given selector matches the element. |
setInputValue(value: string): Promise<void>; |
Sets the value of a property of an input. |
selectOptions(...optionIndexes: number[]): Promise<void>; |
Selects the options at the specified indexes inside of a native select element. |
dispatchEvent(name: string, data?: Record<string, EventData>): Promise<void>; |
Dispatches an event with a particular name. |
The TestElement
interface consists largely of methods that resemble methods
available on HTMLElement
; similar methods exist in most test environments, which makes
implementing the methods fairly straightforward. However, one important difference to note when
implementing the sendKeys
method, is that the key codes in the TestKey
enum likely differ from the key codes used in the test environment. Environment authors should
maintain a mapping from TestKey
codes to the codes used in the particular testing environment.
The
UnitTestElement
and
SeleniumWebDriverElement
implementations in Angular CDK serve as good examples of implementations of this interface.
HarnessEnvironment
implementation for the environment
Test authors use HarnessEnvironment
to create component harness instances for use in tests.
HarnessEnvironment
is an abstract class that must be extended to create a concrete subclass for
the new environment. When supporting a new test environment, you must create a HarnessEnvironment
subclass that adds concrete implementations for all abstract members.
You will notice that HarnessEnvironment
has a generic type parameter: HarnessEnvironment<E>
.
This parameter, E
, represents the raw element type of the environment. For example, this parameter
is Element
for unit test environments.
The following are the abstract methods that must be implemented:
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
abstract getDocumentRoot(): E |
Gets the root element for the environment (e.g. document.body ). |
abstract createTestElement(element: E): TestElement |
Creates a TestElement for the given raw element. |
abstract createEnvironment(element: E): HarnessEnvironment |
Creates a HarnessEnvironment rooted at the given raw element. |
abstract getAllRawElements(selector: string): Promise<E[]> |
Gets all of the raw elements under the root element of the environment matching the given selector. |
abstract forceStabilize(): Promise<void> |
Gets a Promise that resolves when the NgZone is stable. Additionally, if applicable, tells NgZone to stabilize (e.g. calling flush() in a fakeAsync test). |
abstract waitForTasksOutsideAngular(): Promise<void> |
Gets a Promise that resolves when the parent zone of NgZone is stable. |
In addition to implementing the missing methods, this class should provide a way for test authors to
get ComponentHarness
instances. The recommended approach is to have a protected constructor and
provide a static method called loader
that returns a HarnessLoader
instance. This allows test
authors to write code like: SomeHarnessEnvironment.loader().getHarness(...)
. Depending on the
needs of the particular environment, the class may provide several different static methods or
require arguments to be passed. (e.g. the loader
method on TestbedHarnessEnvironment
takes a
ComponentFixture
, and the class provides additional static methods called documentRootLoader
and
harnessForFixture
).
The
TestbedHarnessEnvironment
and
SeleniumWebDriverHarnessEnvironment
implementations in Angular CDK serve as good examples of implementations of this interface.
In order to support the manualChangeDetection
and parallel
APIs, your environment should install
a handler for the auto change detection status.
When your environment wants to start handling the auto change detection status it can call
handleAutoChangeDetectionStatus(handler)
. The handler function will receive a
AutoChangeDetectionStatus
which has two properties:
isDisabled: boolean
- Indicates whether auto change detection is currently disabled. When true,
your environment's forceStabilize
method should act as a no-op. This allows users to trigger
change detection manually instead.onDetectChangesNow?: () => void
- If this optional callback is specified, your environment
should trigger change detection immediately and call the callback when change detection finishes.If your environment wants to stop handling auto change detection status it can call
stopHandlingAutoChangeDetectionStatus()
.


For any implementation of an Editor, we use TinyMCE. However, Goponents provides
an extended version of the TinyMCE Editor component to handle default values and theming capabilities
that are in line with the styling of Goponents. This is the go-editor
component.
You must install both peer dependencies for the go-editor component to work. You can install them by running:
You must tell Angular to include the TinyMCE scripts and theme files in the build as part of the public assets. To do so
you can add an entry to the build.options.assets
section of the
angular.json
file.
Wherever you initially setup your GoConfigInterface
on the GoConfigService
,
you need to define the tinyMceConfig.base_url
property on the config object. This refers to the location in the URL to look for TinyMCE
and is relative to the domain of your application.
TinyMCE has a feature to support multiple languages, to enable this support in the go-editor you must provide the language code and Javascript file that holds
the translations. You can do this in the GoConfigInterface
on the GoConfigService
.
In the module that you're rendering the go-editor (or in a shared module) you must tell Angular where to load the TinyMCE script from
when a page that needs it loads. To do this, first add the GoEditorModule
to the list of imports
for the module, then add an entry to the providers
array. The useValue
property on the entry refers to the location in the URL to look for the TinyMCE Javascript file and is relative to the domain of your application.
Once all of the previous steps have been completed you can render the go-editior. The only required property
on the go-editor is the formControl
binding.
A label for the editor input may be provided like any other form component.
TinyMCE offers various plugins and toolbar configurations and the go-editor component gives you access to set all of those just as you would in TinyMCE. The current defaults that are set by the go-editor component are:
In the event more functionality is needed you may specify overrides for each that include all of the current defaults. In the example below, we're providing support for adding an hr element by passing the defaults for both plugins and toolbar and including the hr plugin and toolbar references as documented by TinyMCE.
For all available options for TinyMCE plugins, see their list. For all available toolbar configurations, check out their documentation.
The go-editor component directly extends the TinyMCE Angular component, therefor you have access to all of the bindings available on TinyMCE itself. If you need further customization outside of the documentation provided here please refer to the TinyMCE documentation.


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Count how many times a number occurs Open on JetBrains Academy
Write a program that read an array of ints and an integer number
n.
The program must check how many times n occurs in the array.
Input data format
The first line contains the size of the input array.
The second line contains elements of the array separated by spaces.
The third line contains
n.
Output data format
The result is only a single non-negative integer number.
Sample Input:
6
1 2 3 4 2 1
2
Sample Output:
2
Memory limit: 256 Mb
Time limit: 5s
Show topic summary


‘If there is hope,' wrote Winston, ‘it lies in the proles.'
If there was hope, it MUST lie in the proles, because only there in those swarming disregarded masses, 85 percent of the population of Oceania, could the force to destroy the Party ever be generated. The Party could not be overthrown from within. Its enemies, if it had any enemies, had no way of coming together or even of identifying one another. Even if the legendary Brotherhood existed, as just possibly it might, it was inconceivable that its members could ever assemble in larger numbers than twos and threes. Rebellion meant a look in the eyes, an inflexion语调 of the voice, at the most, an occasional whispered word. But the proles, if only they could somehow become conscious of their own strength. would have no need to conspire密谋；图谋；阴谋to secretly plan with other people to do sth illegal or harmful. They needed only to rise up and shake themselves like a horse shaking off flies. If they chose they could blow the Party to pieces tomorrow morning. Surely sooner or later it must occur to them to do it? And yet——!
He remembered how once he had been walking down a crowded street when a tremendous shout of hundreds of voices women's voices—had burst from a side-street a little way ahead. It was a great formidable cry of anger and despair, a deep, loud ‘Oh-o-o-o-oh!' that went humming on like the reverberation回响；回声；反响a loud noise that continues for some time after it has been produced because of the surfaces around it of a bell. His heart had leapt. It's started! he had thought. A riot! The proles are breaking loosebreak loose 挣脱束缚 at last! When he had reached the spot it was to see a mob人群；（尤指）暴民a large crowd of people, especially one that may become violent or cause trouble of two or three hundred women crowding round the stalls货摊，摊位，售货亭（尤指集市上的）a table or small shop with an open front that people sell things from, especially at a market of a street market, with faces as tragic as though they had been the doomed passengers on a sinking ship. But at this moment the general despair broke down into a multitude of individual quarrels. It appeared that one of the stalls had been selling tin锡a chemical element. Tin is a soft silver-white metal that is often mixed with other metals or used to cover them to prevent them from rusting . saucepans（带盖，有一长柄或两耳的）深煮锅a deep round metal pot with a lid and one long handle or two short handles, used for cooking things over heat. They were wretched极坏的；恶劣的extremely bad or unpleasant, flimsy劣质的；不结实的badly made and not strong enough for the purpose for which it is used things, but cooking-pots of any kind were always difficult to get. Now the supply had unexpectedly given out. The successful women, bumped and jostled（在人群中）挤，推，撞，搡to push roughly against sb in a crowd by the rest, were trying to make off逃走；逃跑；急忙离开 with their saucepans while dozens of others clamoured（尤指乱哄哄地）大声地喊叫，呼叫to shout loudly, especially in a confused way round the stall, accusing the stall-keeper of favouritism偏爱；偏袒the act of unfairly treating one person better than others because you like them better and of having more saucepans somewhere in reserve. There was a fresh outburst of yells. Two bloated膨胀的；肿胀的；臃肿的full of liquid or gas and therefore bigger than normal, in a way that is unpleasant women, one of them with her hair coming down, had got hold of the same saucepan and were trying to tear it out of one another's hands.  Winston watched them disgustedly. And yet, just for a moment, what almost frightening power had sounded in that cry from only a few hundred throats! Why was it that they could never shout like that about anything that mattered?
He wrote:
Until they become conscious they will never rebel, and until after they have rebelled they cannot become conscious.
That, he reflected, might almost have been a transcription抄写；誊写 the act or process of representing sth in a written or printed form from one of the Party textbooks. The Party claimed, of course, to have liberated the proles from bondage. Before the Revolution they had been hideously oppressed by the capitalists, they had been starved and flogged鞭笞，棒打（作为惩罚）to punish sb by hitting them many times with a whip or stick, women had been forced to work in the coal mines (women still did work in the coal mines, as a matter of fact), children had been sold into the factories at the age of six. But simultaneously, true to the Principles of doublethink, the Party taught that the proles were natural inferiors不如别人的人；级别（或地位）低的人a person who is not as good as sb else; a person who is lower in rank or status who must be kept in subjection臣服；隶属；屈从 the bringing of a person or people under the control of another, usually by force, like animals, by the application of a few simple rules. In reality very little was known about the proles. It was not necessary to know much. So long as they continued to work and breed, their other activities were without importance. Left to themselves, like cattle turned loose upon the plains of Argentina, they had reverted to a style of life that appeared to be natural to them, a sort of ancestral pattern. They were born, they grew up in the gutters恶劣的社会环境；（社会最低阶层的）道德沦落the bad social conditions or low moral standards sometimes connected with the lowest level of society, they went to work at twelve, they passed through a brief blossoming-period of beauty and sexual desire, they married at twenty, they were middle-aged at thirty, they died, for the most part, at sixty. Heavy physical work, the care of home and children, petty quarrels with neighbours, films, football, beer, and above all, gambling, filled up the horizon（欲望、知识或兴趣的）范围，眼界the limit of your desires, knowledge or interests of their minds. To keep them in control was not difficult. A few agents of the Thought Police moved always among them, spreading false rumours and marking down and eliminating the few individuals who were judged capable of becoming dangerous; but no attempt was made to indoctrinate强行灌输（信仰或学说）to force sb to accept a particular belief or set of beliefs and not allow them to consider any others them with the ideology of the Party. It was not desirable that the proles should have strong political feelings. All that was required of them was a primitive patriotism爱国主义；爱国精神love of your country and willingness to defend it which could be appealed to whenever it was necessary to make them accept longer working-hours or shorter rations. And even when they became discontented, as they sometimes did, their discontent led nowhere, because being without general ideas, they could only focus it on petty specific grievances. The larger evils invariably escaped their notice. The great majority of proles did not even have telescreens in their homes. Even the civil police interfered with them very little. There was a vast amount of criminality犯罪；有罪；犯罪行为the fact of people being involved in crime; criminal acts in London, a whole world-within-a-world of thieves, bandits土匪a member of an armed group of thieves who attack travellers, prostitutes, drug-peddlers, and racketeers诈骗者；非法获取钱财者a person who makes money through dishonest or illegal activities of every description; but since it all happened among the proles themselves, it was of no importance. In all questions of morals they were allowed to follow their ancestral code. The sexual puritanism十分严格的道德观 very strict moral attitudes of the Party was not imposed upon them. Promiscuity性乱行为 went unpunished, divorce was permitted. For that matter, even religious worship would have been permitted if the proles had shown any sign of needing or wanting it. They were beneath suspicion. As the Party slogan put it: ‘Proles and animals are free.'
Winston reached down and cautiously scratched his varicose ulcer. It had begun itching again. The thing you invariably came back to was the impossibility of knowing what life before the Revolution had really been like. He took out of the drawer a copy of a children's history textbook which he had borrowed from Mrs Parsons, and began copying a passage into the diary:
In the old days (it ran), before the glorious Revolution, London was not the beautiful city that we know today.  Children no older than you had to work twelve hours a day for cruel masters who flogged them with whips if they worked too slowly and fed them on nothing but stale breadcrusts and water. But in among all this terrible poverty there were just a few great big beautiful houses that were lived in by rich men who had as many as thirty servants to look after them. These rich men were called capitalists. They were fat, ugly men with wicked faces, like the one in the picture on the opposite page.  This was the uniform of the capitalists, and no one else was allowed to wear it. The capitalists owned everything in the world, and everyone else was their slave. They owned all the land, all the houses, all the factories, and all the money. If anyone disobeyed them they could throw them into prison, or they could take his job away and starve him to death. When any ordinary person spoke to a capitalist he had to cringe畏缩；怯退to move back and/or away from sb because you are afraid and bow to him, and take off his cap and address him as ‘Sir'. The chief of all the capitalists was called the King, and——
But he knew the rest of the catalogue. There would be mention of the bishops in their lawn sleeves, the judges in their ermine robes, the pillory, the stocks, the treadmill, the cat-o'-nine tails, the Lord Mayor's Banquet, and the practice of kissing the Pope's toe. There was also something called the JUS PRIMAE NOCTIS初夜权, which would probably not be mentioned in a textbook for children. It was the law by which every capitalist had the right to sleep with any woman working in one of his factories.
How could you tell how much of it was lies? It MIGHT be true that the average human being was better off now than he had been before the Revolution. The only evidence to the contrary was the mute protest in your own bones, the instinctive feeling that the conditions you lived in were intolerable and that at some other time they must have been different.笔记：所有的“证据”都在表明“现在的你”要比“过去的你”过的好，但是在你的心中总是有一种挥之不去的“怀疑”，或称之为“无声的反抗”(mute protest)，因为你总是会觉得，一定会有其他形式的生活状态，不一定非要像现在的这个样子。 It struck him that the truly characteristic thing about modern life was not its cruelty and insecurity, but simply its bareness赤裸, its dinginess暗淡;肮脏, its listlessness精神萎靡. Life, if you looked about you, bore no resemblance not only to the lies that streamed out of the telescreens, but even to the ideals that the Party was trying to achieve. Great areas of it, even for a Party member, were neutral and non-political, a matter of slogging埋头苦干；坚持不懈地做to work hard and steadily at sth, especially sth that takes a long time and is boring or difficult through dreary jobs, fighting for a place on the Tube, darning织补；缝补to repair a hole in a piece of clothing by sewing stitches across the hole a worn-out sock, cadging乞讨；乞得；索取to ask sb for food, money, etc. especially because you cannot or do not want to pay for sth yourself a saccharine糖精 tablet, saving a cigarette end. The ideal set up by the Party was something huge, terrible, and glittering—a world of steel and concrete, of monstrous machines and terrifying weapons—a nation of warriors and fanatics, marching forward in perfect unity, all thinking the same thoughts and shouting the same slogans, perpetually working, fighting, triumphing, persecuting—three hundred million people all with the same face. The reality was decaying, dingy又黑又脏的；昏暗的；肮脏的dark and dirty cities where underfed people shuffled to and fro in leaky有漏洞的；有漏隙的；渗漏的having holes or cracks that allow liquid or gas to escape shoes, in patched-up nineteenth-century houses that smelt always of cabbage and bad lavatories. He seemed to see a vision of London, vast and ruinous, city of a million dustbins, and mixed up with it was a picture of Mrs Parsons, a woman with lined有皱纹的having folds or lines because of age, worry, etc. face and wispy一绺绺的；一缕缕的；成束的；纤细的consisting of small, thin pieces; not thick hair, fiddling（尤指厌烦或紧张地）不断摸弄，不停摆弄to keep touching or moving sth with your hands, especially because you are bored or nervous helplessly with a blocked waste-pipe.
He reached down and scratched his ankle again. Day and night the telescreens bruised打击；挫伤 to affect sb badly and make them feel unhappy and less confident your ears with statistics proving that people today had more food, more clothes, better houses, better recreations—that they lived longer, worked shorter hours, were bigger, healthier, stronger, happier, more intelligent, better educated, than the people of fifty years ago. Not a word of it could ever be proved or disproved. The Party claimed, for example, that today 40 per cent of adult proles were literate: before the Revolution, it was said, the number had only been 15 per cent. The Party claimed that the infant mortality死亡数量；死亡率the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time rate was now only 160 per thousand, whereas before the Revolution it had been 300— and so it went on. It was like a single equation with two unknowns. It might very well be that literally every word in the history books, even the things that one accepted without question, was pure fantasy想象产物；幻想作品a product of your imagination. For all he knew there might never have been any such law as the JUS PRIMAE NOCTIS, or any such creature as a capitalist, or any such garment as a top hat.
Everything faded into mist. The past was erased, the erasure was forgotten, the lie became truth. Just once in his life he had possessed—AFTER the event: that was what counted—concrete, unmistakable evidence of an act of falsification弄虚作假;伪造;窜改;歪曲. He had held it between his fingers for as long as thirty seconds. In 1973, it must have been—at any rate, it was at about the time when he and Katharine had parted. But the really relevant date was seven or eight years earlier.
The story really began in the middle sixties, the period of the great purges in which the original leaders of the Revolution were wiped out once and for all. By 1970 none of them was left, except Big Brother himself. All the rest had by that time been exposed as traitors and counter-revolutionaries. Goldstein had fled and was hiding no one knew where, and of the others, a few had simply disappeared, while the majority had been executed after spectacular令人惊叹的very impressive public trials at which they made confession of their crimes. Among the last survivors were three men named Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford. It must have been in 1965 that these three had been arrested. As often happened, they had vanished for a year or more, so that one did not know whether they were alive or dead, and then had suddenly been brought forth to incriminate使负罪；连累to make it seem as if sb has done sth wrong or illegal themselves in the usual way. They had confessed to intelligence（尤指关于敌国的）情报 secret information that is collected, for example about a foreign country, especially one that is an enemy; with the enemy (at that date, too, the enemy was Eurasia), embezzlement贪污；侵吞公款 of public funds, the murder of various trusted Party members, intrigues秘密策划（加害他人）；密谋to secretly plan with other people to harm sb against the leadership of Big Brother which had started long before the Revolution happened, and acts of sabotage故意妨碍；捣乱；刻意阻碍the act of deliberately spoiling sth in order to prevent it from being successful causing the death of hundreds of thousands of people. After confessing to these things they had been pardoned, reinstated使恢复原职；使重返岗位to give back a job or position that had been taken away from sb in the Party, and given posts which were in fact sinecures闲职；挂名职位a job that you are paid for even though it involves little or no work but which sounded important. All three had written long, abject下贱的；卑躬屈节的；自卑的without any pride or respect for yourself articles in ‘The Times', analysing the reasons for their defection叛党。这点需要注意，defect是“缺点；毛病”，而defection则有多个意思，其中一个意思就是“叛党”，结合现在的语境而选定了这个意思。 and promising to make amends.
Some time after their release Winston had actually seen all three of them in the Chestnut Tree Cafe. He remembered the sort of terrified fascination with which he had watched them out of the corner of his eye. They were men far older than himself, relics of the ancient world, almost the last great figures left over from the heroic days of the Party. The glamour of the underground struggle and the civil war still faintly clung to them. He had the feeling, though already at that time facts and dates were growing blurry模糊不清的without a clear outline; not clear, that he had known their names years earlier than he had known that of Big Brother. But also they were outlaws（尤指过去的人）亡命徒，逃犯，草莽英雄，被剥夺法律权益者(used especially about people in the past) a person who has done sth illegal and is hiding to avoid being caught; a person who is not protected by the law, enemies, untouchables, doomed with absolute certainty to extinction within a year or two. No one who had once fallen into the hands of the Thought Police ever escaped in the end. They were corpses尸体 the body of a dead person waiting to be sent back to the grave.
There was no one at any of the tables nearest to them. It was not wise even to be seen in the neighbourhood of such people. They were sitting in silence before glasses of the gin flavoured with cloves丁香粉 which was the speciality of the cafe. Of the three, it was Rutherford whose appearance had most impressed Winston. Rutherford had once been a famous caricaturist讽刺漫画家；讽刺画家, whose brutal cartoons had helped to inflame使（局势）恶化；使更棘手to make a situation worse or more difficult to deal with popular opinion before and during the Revolution. Even now, at long intervals, his cartoons were appearing in The Times. They were simply an imitation of his earlier manner, and curiously lifeless and unconvincing. Always they were a rehashing（稍微改动）重新推出；以新形式表达旧内容to arrange ideas, pieces of writing or pieces of film into a new form but without any great change or improvement of the ancient themes—slum贫民窟；棚屋区an area of a city that is very poor and where the houses are dirty and in bad condition tenements（尤指城市贫困区的）经济公寓，廉租公寓a large building divided into flats/apartments, especially in a poor area of a city, starving children, street battles, capitalists in top hats—even on the barricades the capitalists still seemed to cling to their top hats an endless, hopeless effort to get back into the past. He was a monstrous man, with a mane长发；浓密的头发a person's long or thick hair of greasy油性的；多脂的producing too much natural oil grey hair, his face pouched悬垂如袋的 and seamed布满皱纹的covered with deep lines, with thick negroid黑人(似)的 lips. At one time he must have been immensely strong; now his great body was sagging减弱；减少to become weaker or fewer, sloping, bulging凸出；鼓胀to stick out from sth in a round shape, falling away in every direction. He seemed to be breaking up before one's eyes, like a mountain crumbling坍塌；损坏；崩裂if a building or piece of land is crumbling , parts of it are breaking off.
It was the lonely hour of fifteen. Winston could not now remember how he had come to be in the cafe at such a time. The place was almost empty. A tinny music was trickling from the telescreens. The three men sat in their corner almost motionless, never speaking. Uncommanded, the waiter brought fresh glasses of gin. There was a chessboard on the table beside them, with the pieces set out but no game started. And then, for perhaps half a minute in all, something happened to the telescreens. The tune that they were playing changed, and the tone of the music changed too. There came into it—but it was something hard to describe. It was a peculiar, cracked, braying, jeering note: in his mind Winston called it a yellow note.
The three men never stirred.  And for the first time he noticed, with a kind of inward shudder（因寒冷、害怕或激动而）发抖，打颤，战栗to shake because you are cold or frightened, or because of a strong feeling, and yet not knowing AT WHAT he shuddered, that both Aaronson and Rutherford had broken noses.
A little later all three were re-arrested. It appeared that they had engaged in fresh conspiracies from the very moment of their release. At their second trial they confessed to all their old crimes over again, with a whole string of new ones. They were executed, and their fate was recorded in the Party histories, a warning to posterity. About five years after this, in 1973, Winston was unrolling a wad（纸张、钞票等的）卷，沓，捆a thick pile of pieces of paper, paper money, etc. folded or rolled together of documents which had just flopped（沉重、笨拙或不由自主地）落下，移动，悬挂to fall, move or hang in a heavy or awkward way, without control out of the pneumatic充气的filled with air tube on to his desk when he came on a fragment of paper which had evidently been slipped in among the others and then forgotten. The instant he had flattened it out he saw its significance. It was a half-page torn out of ‘The Times' of about ten years earlier—the top half of the page, so that it included the date—and it contained a photograph of the delegates at some Party function in New York. Prominent in the middle of the group were Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford. There was no mistaking them, in any case their names were in the caption at the bottom.
The point was that at both trials all three men had confessed that on that date they had been on Eurasian soil. They had flown from a secret airfield in Canada to a rendezvous约会地点a place where people have arranged to meet somewhere in Siberia, and had conferred with members of the Eurasian General Staff, to whom they had betrayed important military secrets. The date had stuck in Winston's memory because it chanced to be midsummer day; but the whole story must be on record in countless other places as well. There was only one possible conclusion: the confessions were lies.
Of course, this was not in itself a discovery. Even at that time Winston had not imagined that the people who were wiped out in the purges had actually committed the crimes that they were accused of. But this was concrete evidence; it was a fragment of the abolished past, like a fossil bone which turns up in the wrong stratum and destroys a geological theory. It was enough to blow the Party to atoms, if in some way it could have been published to the world and its significance made known.
He had gone straight on working. As soon as he saw what the photograph was, and what it meant, he had covered it up with another sheet of paper. Luckily, when he unrolled it, it had been upside-down from the point of view of the telescreen.
He took his scribbling pad on his knee and pushed back his chair so as to get as far away from the telescreen as possible. To keep your face expressionless was not difficult, and even your breathing could be controlled, with an effort: but you could not control the beating of your heart, and the telescreen was quite delicate enough to pick it up. He let what he judged to be ten minutes go by, tormented all the while by the fear that some accident—a sudden draught blowing across his desk, for instance—would betray him. Then, without uncovering it again, he dropped the photograph into the memory hole, along with some other waste papers. Within another minute, perhaps, it would have crumbled into ashes.
That was ten—eleven years ago. Today, probably, he would have kept that photograph. It was curious that the fact of having held it in his fingers seemed to him to make a difference even now, when the photograph itself, as well as the event it recorded, was only memory. Was the Party's hold upon the past less strong, he wondered, because a piece of evidence which existed no longer HAD ONCE existed?
But today, supposing that it could be somehow resurrected起死回生；使复活to bring a dead person back to life from its ashes, the photograph might not even be evidence. Already, at the time when he made his discovery, Oceania was no longer at war with Eurasia, and it must have been to the agents of Eastasia that the three dead men had betrayed their country. Since then there had been other changes—two, three, he could not remember how many. Very likely the confessions had been rewritten and rewritten until the original facts and dates no longer had the smallest significance. The past not only changed, but changed continuously. What most afflicted折磨；使痛苦 to affect sb/sth in an unpleasant or harmful way him with the sense of nightmare was that he had never clearly understood why the huge imposture冒名行骗 an act of tricking people deliberately by pretending to be sb else was undertaken. The immediate advantages of falsifying the past were obvious, but the ultimate motive was mysterious. He took up his pen again and wrote:
I understand HOW: I do not understand WHY.
He wondered, as he had many times wondered before, whether he himself was a lunatic精神错乱者；狂人 a person who does crazy things that are often dangerous. Perhaps a lunatic was simply a minority少数；少数派；少数人the smaller part of a group; less than half of the people or things in a large group of one. At one time it had been a sign of madness to believe that the earth goes round the sun; today, to believe that the past is inalterable. He might be ALONE in holding that belief, and if alone, then a lunatic. But the thought of being a lunatic did not greatly trouble him: the horror was that he might also be wrong.
He picked up the children's history book and looked at the portrait of Big Brother which formed its frontispiece（与书名页相对一页上的）卷首插图 a picture at the beginning of a book, on the page opposite the page with the title on it. The hypnotic有催眠作用的；使人昏昏欲睡的making you feel as if you are going to fall asleep, especially because of a regular, repeated noise or movement eyes gazed into his own.  In the end the Party would announce that two and two made five, and you would have to believe it. It was inevitable that they should make that claim sooner or later: the logic of their position demanded it. Not merely the validity of experience, but the very existence of external reality, was tacitly心照不宣地；默认 denied by their philosophy. The heresy of heresies was common sense. And what was terrifying was not that they would kill you for thinking otherwise, but that they might be right. For, after all, how do we know that two and two make four? Or that the force of gravity works? Or that the past is unchangeable? If both the past and the external world exist only in the mind, and if the mind itself is controllable what then?
But no! His courage seemed suddenly to stiffen（尤指因气愤或害怕，使浑身或身体的一部分）变僵硬，变僵直，绷紧to make yourself or part of your body firm, straight and still, especially because you are angry or frightened of its own accord主动地 without being asked, forced or helped. The face of O'Brien, not called up by any obvious association, had floated into his mind. He knew, with more certainty than before, that O'Brien was on his side. He was writing the diary for O'Brien—TO O'Brien: it was like an interminable冗长的；没完没了的lasting a very long time and therefore boring or annoying letter which no one would ever read, but which was addressed to a particular person and took its colour from that fact.
The Party told you to reject the evidence of your eyes and ears. It was their final, most essential command. His heart sank as he thought of the enormous power arrayed配置（兵力）to arrange soldiers in a position from which they are ready to attack against him, the ease with which any Party intellectual would overthrow him in debate, the subtle arguments which he would not be able to understand, much less answer. And yet he was in the right! They were wrong and he was right. The obvious, the silly, and the true had got to be defended. Truisms are true, hold on to that! The solid world exists, its laws do not change. Stones are hard, water is wet, objects unsupported fall towards the earth's centre. With the feeling that he was speaking to O'Brien, and also that he was setting forth an important axiom公理 a rule or principle that most people believe to be true, he wrote:
Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.


RSocket Raft is a reactive implementation of RAFT
More detailed documentation is available in the Reference Guide.


John Oskar Hammer MMA Stats, Pictures, News, Videos, Biography ...
John Oskar Hammer official Sherdog stats, photos, videos, news, and more. . May / 22 / 2004, Submission (Rear Naked Choke) N/A, 2, 3:09. win, Krzysztof .
http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/John-Oskar-Hammer-9547
Oscar Hammerstein News - The New York Times
A report in the F.Y.I. column last Sunday about the opera impresario Oscar Hammerstein misstated his relationship to the lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II. The elder .
http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/h/oscar_hammerstein/index.html
Astrology: Oscar Hammerstein II, date of birth: 1895/07/12 ...
If you happen to know the time of birth of Oscar Hammerstein II, we would . horoscope, excerpts of astrological portrait, biography, photo, and 18,019 heights .
http://www.astrotheme.com/astrology/Oscar_Hammerstein_II
The Pearl S. Buck Birthplace: What Happens When Great Writers ...
Apr 27, 2012 . In the opening scene of the play, Oscar Hammerstein comes to Pearl's . a line from Pearl's real life that Smith unearthed while reading biographies. . She read his book, and while Pearl's friendship with the two other writers .
http://pearlsbuck.blogspot.com/2012/04/what-happens-when-great-writers-get.html
Justin Hammer (Character)
From Iron Man 2 (2010) Justin Hammer: [about Christine Everhart] She's actually doing a big spread on me for Vanity Fair. I thought I'd throw her a bone, you .
http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0066439/
Oscar Hammerstein II - Credits : AllMusic
Oscar Hammerstein II Exalted Broadway lyricist who in tandem with Richard Rodgers created some of the greatest musicals of the 1940s & '50s. Share Page .
http://www.allmusic.com/artist/oscar-hammerstein-ii-mn0000804858/credits


The wallet password
It is highly recommended that you write your password on paper and have a safe place, do not take screenshots or take photos, and do not use the same password on multiple devices.Once you have written your wallet password, it is recommended to remove the password from the device.


We are excited to present our speaker, Sudanese "Lost Boy" and Episcopalian Minister, Reverand Zachariah Char. We are looking forward to seeing you at the banquet and appreciate your support of the Welcome Network. We look forward to seeing you there!
Please make your check out to Chicagoland Immigrant Welcome Network or CIWN
and mail the donation to:
   Welcome Network Donations    P.O. Box 3393    Munster, IN 4632110AM. Saturday, 10/20/18
Gamba Ristorante455 E. 84th Ave.Merillville, IN 46410
Click for event flyer824 Hoffman St. | Hammond, IN 46327219.932.4800 (ext. 106)
var html1 = 'Hello, ' + registrant.firstName + " " + registrant.lastName + "!
" html1 = html1 + 'We are excited to present speaker, Sudanese "Lost Boy" and Episcopalian Minister, Reverand Zachariah Char. We are looking forward to seeing you at the banquet and appreciate your support of the Welcome Network!
'; if (registrant.paymentMethod == "check") { html1 = html1 + 'Please make your check out to Chicagoland Immigrant Welcome Network or CIWN
'; html1 = html1 + 'and mail the donation to:
'; html1 = html1 + 'Welcome Network Donations'; html1 = html1 + 'P.O. Box 3393'; html1 = html1 + 'Munster, IN 46321'; } html1 = html1 + '10AM. Saturday, 10/20/18
'; html1 = html1 + 'Gamba Ristorante
455 E. 84th Ave.
Merillville, IN 46410
'; html1 = html1 + ''; html1 = html1 + 'Click for event flyer'; html1 = html1 + '824 Hoffman St. | Hammond, IN 46327219.932.4800 (ext. 106)
'; html1 = html1 + ''; html1 = html1 + ''; html1 = html1 + ''; html1 = html1 + '';


Take out a sheet of paper and write down a few ideas to answer each of the following questions
Class according according to Marx
Class according to Weber
Source: US Census Bureau
Source: US Census Bureau
Don't Forget Job Status
(briefly discuss in your groups, we will then discuss as a class)
Give examples or definitions (where examples are impractical) of each of the following on a sheet of paper
reveal.js comes with a few themes built in:
Black
(default) -
White
-
League
-
Sky
-
Beige
-
Simple
Serif
-
Blood
-
Night
-
Moon
-
Solarized
Themes created by Levi Sands
Udub
-
USU
-
Uiowa
-
Gonzaga
-
EWU


A song I wrote during the crypto bear market. Gave Komodo a mention , much respect going out. One of the best. Enjoy and feel free to share. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65mQ-dUmhZo
The Crypto Blues - Another take. A song I wrote during this crypto bear market. Enjoy and feel free to like and share. Thanks $BTC - 3Dh3tyGxJ8QbNVbkmNNZcuMx...
Hi, my name is Alvin (Managing Director of T.C.P.A. Consultancy), and I’m currently in the process of founding a new tech-marketing startup that will make use of blockchain to facilitate transactions on the platform (that still needs to be developed) and use a dICO for the (initial) funding. Can someone on here tell me what are the (initial + yearly) expected costs for creating and running a sidechain on Komodo?
Hermes29-Aug-18 10:02 PM
If you need a full service to launch a DICO you can contact our ecosystem developers Chainmakers and Chainzilla at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or<EMAIL_ADDRESS>/ www.chainmakers.co , www.chainzilla.io
AlvinLeito29-Aug-18 10:06 PM
Thanks for the info, will do then!
@Hermes do you by any chance know how I can buy KMD using a iPad? Because to download for example BarterDEX you need a Mac
Hermes29-Aug-18 10:10 PM
Haven't tried Hyperdex in an IPad but its Barterdex with a customized GUI and it is optimized for quicker trades. At least on Mac you need 2 cores to able to handle Bdex not sure about Hyperdex
since they use the same marketmaker program my guess it wouldn't work
jspook1630-Aug-18 12:05 AM
Are you trying to buy kmd with crypto?
Tommyboy5030-Aug-18 12:22 AM
hey quick question, would be much appreciated if anyone could help as Im about as tech savvy as a potato. I want to update the wallet as requested, but it's not working for me.I've tried to redownload the wallet but it takes forever, then says download failed. As I already have agama wallet, do I need to redownload the whole thing again or is it possible to just change a file in the original directory?
How to add new coins to 'startup' in BarterDEX. The saved coins will load automatically each time you login to BarterDEX. BarterDEX is an atomic swap based d...
BoBot-BUY KMD30-Aug-18 04:48 AM
nah
not that
when you try to select a coin from the drop down menu you can't see any graphics it says undefined instead of the coins graphic
Gordon Komodo30-Aug-18 04:49 AM
you need to delete the old coins db
reset local coin db
BoBot-BUY KMD30-Aug-18 04:50 AM
ok let me try
BoBot-BUY KMD30-Aug-18 05:12 AM
sweet thank you it worked
1
BoBot-BUY KMD30-Aug-18 05:21 AM
anyone know how frequent the rewards are paid out to DEX coin holders along with Supernet coin holders? I think I have held those for 9 months now and never got any payouts
What this means is that there will be three different December 25th revshares:
9850 KMD to REVS, approx 0.00853268 KMD per REVS
62351.99718 KMD to SUPERNET, approx 0.12893765 per SUPERNET
124648.00282 KMD to CRYPTO, approx 0.19439150 per CRYPTO
Currently the asset that has constant high revenue is CRYPTO ( Notarizations)
BoBot-BUY KMD30-Aug-18 05:29 AM
so around once a year
ok cool , also had a question about the rebranding, are you guys changing the name Komodo as well
CHMEX30-Aug-18 05:31 AM
no idea about that
#komodo-team might know
BoBot-BUY KMD30-Aug-18 05:33 AM
ok thanks mate
BoBot-BUY KMD30-Aug-18 05:48 AM
for some reason all my coins disappeared from Barterdex
I added a new coin and then all my balances show 0 except Etomic
TonyL30-Aug-18 05:49 AM
@BoBot-BUY KMD Did you restart Barterdex after adding?
BoBot-BUY KMD30-Aug-18 05:49 AM
yea
TonyL30-Aug-18 05:52 AM
Try to close app, delete Cache folder in %appdata%/barterdex and start it again
ALTCOIN TOURNAMENT - FINAL
Congratulations to these 4 projects that made it so far, it has been amazing to see crypto communities so active
Regardless of final result, every coin that made it here deserves recognition!
#PARETO
#TELCOIN
#KOMODO
#ZILLIQA...
Likes
107
Vote!!
Seko30-Aug-18 03:32 PM
@PTYX look at the guy behind the tournament. He is TEL fanatic...
BlockTech30-Aug-18 03:35 PM
Indeed, and we're going to win (hope so) a tournament hosted by a TEL fanatic, that's amazing =D.


Data and code should be cited within our work for the same reasons journal articles are cited:
to give credit where credit is due (original author/producer) and to help other researchers find the material.
Citing Data
A data citation includes the typical components of other citations:
Author or creator: the entity/entities responsible for creating the data
Date of publication: the date the data was published or otherwise released to the public
Title: the title of the dataset or a brief description of it if missing a title
Publisher: entity responsible for hosting the data
URL or preferably, a DOI
Citing Data
Some optional (but recommended) values include:
Edition or version
Date accessed online
Styling Citations
Chicago
Authors. Title. Place written: Organization, Date of publication. Distributor. Link.
MLA
Authors. Title, version. Place Written: Organization, Date of publication. Access method, date accessed. Link.
APA
Authors (first & middle name abbreviated). (Year). Title (Version number) [Description of form]. Location: Name of producer. Link.
But but....I want to make MY data citable!
Step 1: Clean & Prep Your Data!
Step 1a: Put your data into an open format!
Be software agnotic!
Step 1b: Package Your Materials
Data files
Documentation & description
Analysis tools if possible
Step 2: Publish/Make Available
When you publish, you should make the underlying data available in a repository that issues DOIs! You then link that DOI out!
This means that anyone who wants to use your data must go to this repository, download it, and cite their use if they publish using it!
Step 2: Publish/Make Available
You can also publish your data in a data journal! These are domain-specific or journal-specific peer reviewed journals just for data! These also give you a DOI that you can share.
Getting Data Cited
Advantages to Tracking Citations:
Demonstrate to funders/promotion committees you & your data make big impacts in your field!
they judge merit based on intellectual merit and wider impact
tangible evidence to weigh against the cost of research
Monitor usage of datasets!
You can know what forms of data prep and data publication are most effective for sharing/open science!
Uncover opportunities for collaboration amongst peers
Just like data, sharing and archiving of software is best done in repositories and journals!
But what software should you cite?
To start, you would only cite code that's not universal. Don't cite Microsoft Office, but DO cite scikit-learn!
Code Anomalies: Authors vs. Contributors
A piece of software might be created by dozens, if not thousands of contributors. Do all of them get cited? No!
It's the difference between the maintainer(s) of a project (who is/are currently responsible for it), and the contributors (those who have committed code to the project, or made other contributions). You would cite the maintainers, and possibly also previous maintainers.
Code Anomalies: Location?? Publisher??
Publisher name/location is similarly difficult. This could be optional, but not when software is produced solely by a specific university or software company.
The geographic location is probably irrelevant, unless it's necessary for distinguishing between multiple entities with the same name.
Styling Citations
Chicago
Software Name. Location: Publisher/Author, Date. Link if available.
MLA
Authors, Software Name, Place Written: Organization, Date Written. Link if available.
APA
Author Name (first & middle name abbreviated). Title of Software/Code. [Computer software]. Location: Publisher. Link if available.
The two most popular repositories are NanoHub (about 2,000 DOIs for software) and Zenodo (close to 5000 DOIs for software).
NanoHub uses the open source HubZero software that integrates a subversion code repo. Zenodo was integrated with Github to give a DOI to a new release of a git repo.
GitHub + Zenodo
Log into Zenodo using your GitHub account.
Zenodo will redirect you back to GitHub because permissions. Grant them.
Pick the public repository you want to publish.
Check to make sure there is now a Zenodo webhook in the repo you chose.
Release a version!
Add a brief description in Zenodo, and that version gets a DOI and a badge!
Step 2: Publish/Make Available
You can actually submit your software to journals for peer review! So cool and futuristic~
You can collaborate with as many people as you want! One person in your group should then create a group library and INVITE the other group members to join the library. Use their email addresses that they used to sign up to Zotero.
Save your references into the group library. When you sync to the Zotero server, the reference you added will be uploaded to the Zotero server. Then when the other group members sync, that reference will show up in the group library folder in their Zotero library.


Privacy Policy
Privacy Policy
This statement discloses the privacy policy for www.GAA.ie, the official website of the Gaelic Athletic Association.
The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) is committed to protecting your privacy and ensuring a secure online experience. In general, you can view this site and all the latest news and results without telling us who you are or revealing any information about yourself. Sometimes, however, the GAA needs to monitor website usage to help it to develop the website and our services.
Collection of Personal Information
The GAA may offer certain functions and services which, if you choose to use them, will require information from you in order to work, such as your name, email, address and mobile telephone number. The GAA will endeavour to let you know before your personal information is collected from you on the internet.
Use of Personal Information
Primary Purposes
We use personal information for these primary purposes:
• To make the site easier for you to use by not making you enter your personal information more than once
• To help us create and deliver content most relevant to you
The GAA is very much aware that some people will not want their information used other than for the purposes for which it was supplied; some will want to receive information from the GAA on Association issues only and others will want to receive more information.
The GAA will use your personal data for the administration of the game, but will give you the choice as to what information if any you wish to receive by email.
The GAA will not use (or pass to any third party) contact data on children under the age of 14 for any commercial mailing purposes.
Providing you with information
The GAA may also use your personal information for general statistical purposes. We also keep track of the domains from which users visit and analyse this data:
• For trends and statistics and to evaluate the efficiency of our website and our internet infrastructure
• To ensure that services offered (such as, but not limited to, chat and forums) are not abused
We may also use your information for detection of fraud and market research purposes.
Business relationships
The GAA website contains links to other websites. The GAA is not responsible for the privacy practices or the content of external websites.
Cookies
Information may be sent to your computer in the form of an Internet "cookie" to allow the GAA servers to monitor your requirements. The cookie is stored on your computer. The GAA server may request that your computer return a cookie to it.
These return cookies do not contain any information supplied by you or any personally identifiable information about you.
Such measures are necessary to allow the GAA to measure the usability of the systems, which will help to continually improve user experience of our websites.
Your browser software should however enable you to block cookies if you wish to. For more information about cookies, please visit www.allaboutcookies.org.
Consent
By submitting your personal information to us, you signify your consent to our using the information provided in the manner described above. If we amend our privacy policy, any changes will be published on this web site. If at any time you wish to update the information which we hold about you, or if you wish to stop receiving information from the GAA, please contact us.
This statement discloses the privacy policy for www.GAA.ie, the official website of the Gaelic Athletic Association.
The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) is committed to protecting your privacy and ensuring a secure online experience. In general, you can view this site and all the latest news and results without telling us who you are or revealing any information about yourself. Sometimes, however, the GAA needs to monitor website usage to help it to develop the website and our services.
Collection of Personal Information
The GAA may offer certain functions and services which, if you choose to use them, will require information from you in order to work, such as your name, email, address and mobile telephone number. The GAA will endeavour to let you know before your personal information is collected from you on the internet.
Use of Personal Information
Primary Purposes
We use personal information for these primary purposes:
• To make the site easier for you to use by not making you enter your personal information more than once
• To help us create and deliver content most relevant to you
The GAA is very much aware that some people will not want their information used other than for the purposes for which it was supplied; some will want to receive information from the GAA on Association issues only and others will want to receive more information.
The GAA will use your personal data for the administration of the game, but will give you the choice as to what information if any you wish to receive by email.
The GAA will not use (or pass to any third party) contact data on children under the age of 14 for any commercial mailing purposes.
Providing you with information
The GAA may also use your personal information for general statistical purposes. We also keep track of the domains from which users visit and analyse this data:
• For trends and statistics and to evaluate the efficiency of our website and our internet infrastructure
• To ensure that services offered (such as, but not limited to, chat and forums) are not abused
We may also use your information for detection of fraud and market research purposes.
Business relationships
The GAA website contains links to other websites. The GAA is not responsible for the privacy practices or the content of external websites.
Cookies
Information may be sent to your computer in the form of an Internet "cookie" to allow the GAA servers to monitor your requirements. The cookie is stored on your computer. The GAA server may request that your computer return a cookie to it.
These return cookies do not contain any information supplied by you or any personally identifiable information about you.
Such measures are necessary to allow the GAA to measure the usability of the systems, which will help to continually improve user experience of our websites.
Your browser software should however enable you to block cookies if you wish to. For more information about cookies, please visit www.allaboutcookies.org.
Consent
By submitting your personal information to us, you signify your consent to our using the information provided in the manner described above. If we amend our privacy policy, any changes will be published on this web site. If at any time you wish to update the information which we hold about you, or if you wish to stop receiving information from the GAA, please contact us.


getString() doesn't really work for TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE,
we have to use getTimestamp() and format the resulting Timestamp object
according to the session's time zone.
Ordered collections can be used with collectable semantic relation properties,
where you would like a set of concepts to be displayed in a specific order,
and optionally under a 'node label'.


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Displays the specified menu bar. Use SHOW.BAR to display a menu bar you have created with the ADD.BAR function or to display a built-in Microsoft Excel 95 or earlier version menu bar.
Syntax
SHOW.BAR(bar_num)
Bar_num is the number of the menu bar you want to display. It can be the number of one of the Microsoft Excel built-in menu bars, the number returned by a previously executed ADD.BAR function, or a reference to a cell containing a previously executed ADD.BAR function.
 If you try to display a chart menu bar while a sheet or macro sheet is active, SHOW.BAR returns an error and interrupts the current macro.
Displaying a custom menu bar disables automatic menu-bar switching when different types of sheets are selected. For example, if a custom menu bar is displayed and you switch to a chart, neither of the two chart menus is automatically displayed as it would be when you are using the built-in menu bars. Automatic menu-bar switching is reenabled when a built-in bar is displayed using SHOW.BAR.
Example
The following macro formula displays short menus on a worksheet or macro sheet:
SHOW.BAR(5)
Related Functions
ADD.BAR Adds a menu bar
DELETE.BAR Deletes a menu bar
SHOW.TOOLBAR Hides or displays a toolbar
Return to index


Easel
JS
Transformation
This sample shows transformations, including skews. Drag the slider to affect the skew amount.
Amount


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Valley Trader Kitzka:
Oh... Was your pledge to Sir Silvershadow a lie?  It was a simple test to see if you could be trusted. You have failed. Leave.