Class: Mongoid::Atomic::Paths::Embedded::One
- Inherits:
-
Object
- Object
- Mongoid::Atomic::Paths::Embedded::One
- Includes:
- Mongoid::Atomic::Paths::Embedded
- Defined in:
- lib/mongoid/atomic/paths/embedded/one.rb
Overview
This class encapsulates behavior for locating and updating documents that are defined as an embedded 1-1.
Instance Attribute Summary
Attributes included from Mongoid::Atomic::Paths::Embedded
#delete_modifier, #document, #insert_modifier, #parent
Instance Method Summary collapse
-
#initialize(document) ⇒ One
constructor
Create the new path utility.
-
#position ⇒ String
Get the position of the document in the hierarchy.
Methods included from Mongoid::Atomic::Paths::Embedded
Constructor Details
#initialize(document) ⇒ One
Create the new path utility.
22 23 24 25 |
# File 'lib/mongoid/atomic/paths/embedded/one.rb', line 22 def initialize(document) @document, @parent = document, document._parent @insert_modifier, @delete_modifier ="$set", "$unset" end |
Instance Method Details
#position ⇒ String
Get the position of the document in the hierarchy. This will include indexes of 1-n embedded associations that may sit above the embedded one.
37 38 39 40 |
# File 'lib/mongoid/atomic/paths/embedded/one.rb', line 37 def position pos = parent.atomic_position "#{pos}#{"." unless pos.blank?}#{document._association.store_as}" end |


A small collection
A Classic World of Warcraft talent build calculator.
Download for Android: Google Play Store


You weave a distracting string of words, causing creatures of your choice that you can see within range and that can hear you to make a W isdom saving throw. Any creature that can't be charmed succeeds on this saving throw automatically, and if you or your companions are fighting a creature, it has advantage on the save. On a failed save, the target has disadvantage on Wisdom (Perception) checks made to perceive any creature other than you until the spell ends or until the target can no longer hear you. The spell ends if you are incapacitated or can no longer speak.


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BLK
Daei is record holder for the world’s all-time leading goalscorer in the history of men’s international. He is the owner and CEO of Daei Sport. He was a captain of the Iran national football team, having played as a striker for clubs such as Bayern
BLK
Daei is record holder for the world’s all-time leading goalscorer in the history of men’s international. He is the owner and CEO of Daei Sport. He was a captain of the Iran national football team, having played as a striker for clubs such as Bayern Munich and Hertha BSC.Daei is record holder for the world’s all-time leading goalscorer in the history of men’s international. He is the owner and CEO of Daei Sport. He was a captain of the Iran national football team, having played as a striker for clubs such as Bayern Munich and Hertha BSC.Daei is record holder for the world’s all-time.


:: Ingredients ::
:: For Marination ::
- 800g boneless and skinless chicken thighs or breasts
- 1/2 cup plain yogurt (whipped)
- 1 1/2 tablespoons minced garlic
- 1 tablespoon minced ginger
- 2 teaspoons garam masala
- 1 teaspoon turmeric
- 1 teaspoon ground cumin
- 1 teaspoon red chilli powder
- 1 teaspoon coriander powder (optional)
- 1 teaspoon salt
:: For Curry ::
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 2 tablespoons ghee (or butter)
- 2 large onion (sliced or chopped)
- 1 1/2 tablespoons minced garlic
- 1 tablespoon minced ginger
- 1 1/2 teaspoons ground cumin
- 1 1/2 teaspoons garam masala
- 1 teaspoon ground coriander
- 400 g crushed tomatoes (or tomato puree)
- 1 teaspoon red chili powder (or as per taste)
- 1 1/4 teaspoons salt (or as per taste)
- 1 cup of thickened cream
- 1 tablespoon sugar
- 1/2 teaspoon kasoori methi
:: Step for Recipe ::
Prepation+Cooking Time : 45 Mins.
- Take the chicken in a Bowl.
- Combine chicken with all of the ingredients for the chicken marinade.
- Let it marinate for 30 minutes to an hour (or for over-night if time allows).
- Heat oil in a large skillet or pot over medium-high heat.
- Fry chicken pieces in batches of 2 or 3. Fry until browned for only 3 minutes on each side.
- Heat butter or ghee in the same pan.
- Fry the onions until they start to sweat (about 6 minutes).
- Add garlic and ginger and sauté for 1 minute until fragrant.
- Add ground coriander, cumin and garam masala.
- Let cook for about 20 seconds until fragrant, while stirring occasionally.
- Add tomato puree, chili powder and salt. Let simmer for about 10-15 minutes.
- Remove from heat, scoop mixture into a blender and blend until smooth (add water if required).
- Pour the puréed sauce back into the pan. Stir the cream, sugar and crushed kasoori methi through the sauce.
- Add the chicken with juices back into the pan and cook for an additional 8-10 minutes,
until chicken is cooked through and the sauce is thick and bubbling.
- Garnish with chopped cilantro and serve with fresh, hot basmati rice.
[Recipe Link]


Ticketfly crafted a powerful reserved seating engine (something that is notoriously complicated to build because of its rapidly changing state), that could scale easily, handle bursty and unpredictable traffic patterns and compete with online ticket scalpers.
The concurrent and non-blocking system allows visitors to find and allocate seats, under load, in less than 20ms. The system has very good performance without having to try very hard to achieve it.
Read the Case StudySharethrough chose Scala to build industry's first native ad management system. It runs thousands of auctions respecting a myriad of variables to match quality content to the right viewer at the right time in the right place. The system’s 99.99% latency is 12ms.
Read the Case StudyKlout is the leader in measuring online influence by calculating a user's social impact through extensive data mining. Their system performs data aggregation across several social networks and data stores in real time, with results instantaneously presented to end users and scales to handle one billion API request per day.
Read the Case StudyAfter one month, 47 Degrees, a software development agency focused native mobile apps, realized that developing web applications and REST API’s with Play and Scala made their team at least four times more productive.
Play’s built-in support for JSON serialization, reusable templates and Scala features such as traits, higher order functions and Singleton style companion objects sped development and reduced the codebase considerably (since many of the patterns and technique they had to worry about in Java are built into Play, Akka and Scala).
Read the Case StudyIt stands to reason that reducing your codebase can have a tremendous impact on developer productivity. That was certainly the case at Gawker.
After seven years of PHP development, the team at Gawker Media started to bump into issues maintaining an unruly 300,000-line codebase. They made the move to consolidate their fragmented infrastructure under a JVM-based umbrella, and, in turn, consolidated their codebase to approximately 65,000 lines of Scala.
Read the Case StudyThere are a ton of example case studies on our website that discuss the benefits of moving from a monolithic code base to micro-services. The Guardian case study is a good fit if your company has a fairly conser if your enterprise company is currently using Java. Plus, it nicely weaves in the Java-to-Scala story.
Read the Case StudyTadpad processes 150 billion data points from cookies, cellphone IDs, Wi-Fi connections, and other inputs for its highly concurrent advertising system. The Actor implementation from Akka made it startlingly simple to write comprehensible code that leverages all the cores in their production machines for this sophisticated system.
Read the Case StudyJanrain’s products are primarily deployed on the Amazon Cloud. The value they see in Typesafe is two fold: 1) enabling elastic sizing in the Cloud to reduce costs over JRuby within a Tomcaat container and 2) improving developer flexibility by freeing themselves from the technical debt and of constraints of their previous environment.
Read the Case StudyCCAD (Combined Conditional Access Development) is a joint venture between Comcast and Arris Group (which acquired Motorola Home).
The quality level of what the team produces with Scala, Akka, and functional programming techniques is so high that the product marketing team and product owners have made numerous comments about the technology stack’s contribution towards both this quality level and reduced qualification and regression testing.
Read the Case StudyOne of the strongest evangelists at discussing developer productivity is Yevgeniy (Jim) Brikman, the lead developer bringing the Play Framework and Scala to LinkedIn.
The first part of this JaxConf video discusses how LinkedIn is using our technologies build front-end and back-end services at massive scale. Forward the video to 43:34 to hear his interesting take on developer productivity.
Watch The VideoWhen looking for ways to provide peers with proof, consider creating a casual knowledge sharing environment. That’s what Sr. Architect Joe Barnes did at Mentor Graphics. This video captures his introduction to functional programming in Scala and is filled with inspiring ideas to help jumpstart your presentation.
Watch The VideoIn this video from PingConf, BBC explores how they achieved management buy-in to take their team of PHP developers into a new world of Play Framework and Scala for the rewrite of its popular CBeebies children’s website. It’s not a technical talk. In fact, the title could be, "How to sell change into a big, multi-national organization so it’s not too scary."
The video discusses how the team got management buy-in by demonstrating skills transfer and success within a few weeks. Management and stakeholders never saw anything happen this fast. Plus, Scala’s cool factor made it easy to recruit, giving management comfort that the team made the right choice.
Watch The VideoDianne Marsh, Director of Engineering for Cloud Tools at Netflix and co-author of Atomic Scala, explores best practices for learning Scala in this 30-minute introductory video.
Watch The VideoOver the past 4 years, the production architecture at the Gilt Groupe has evolved from a single monolithic web application to a highly-distributed collection of more than 200 micro-services and small web applications. This architectural shift allows greater scalability and faster, less coupled development of new features, but also presents challenges around maintaining consistent development, testing, and deployment processes.
Watch The VideoBruce and Dianne observed that it would be possible to teach Scala to a beginning programmer and, if they did things right, it would actually be an easier language to learn than Java. The goal of this book is to bridge the gap between the beginner books—either beginning programmer, or just Scala beginner with experience in another language—and the rest of the books out there. If Bruce and Dianne can get you past this first set of hurdles, then you’ll be ready for the next step, probably Cay Horstman's, Scala for the Impatient.
Download the free e-bookEvery concept and technique in Scala for the Impatient is presented in "blog-size" chunks that can be digested quickly and reviewed as needed for specific tasks. Horstmann offers hands-on activities that guide readers through four well-defined stages of competency: basic, intermediate, advanced and expert.
Download the free e-bookThis is a unique book designed to help you integrate Scala effectively into your development process. By presenting the emerging best practices and designs from the Scala community, it guides you through dozens of powerful techniques example by example. There's little heavy-handed theory here—just dozens of crisp, practical techniques for coding in Scala. Written for readers who know Java, Scala, or another OO language.
Download the free e-bookIn the last few years there has been some criticism of Scala; it’s mostly been accused of being too complex. In this report, Zero Turnaround opines that the perceived complexity of Scala actually arises more from the diversity of the ecosystem rather than the language itself. Then they take a look at a simpler subset of Scala that is perhaps a good place to start for Java teams.
Read The ReportThe research paper of Gilles Dubochet at EPFL reports, on average, it is 30% faster to comprehend algorithms that use for-comprehensions and maps, as in Scala, rather than those with the iterative while-loops of Java.
Read The ReportThe survey created by Graham Lea regarding the perceived productivity gains of Scala developers shows that Java programmers who learn Scala generally feel more productive pretty much straight away.
Read The ReportOver the course of a few seconds, Gilt’s traffic can increase by as much as 100x. Essentially, they need to have the e-commerce infrastructure almost at Amazon scale for at least 15 minutes every day.
Most days this happens exactly at noon EST, and until a couple of years ago, noon was a stressful time every day. Nowadays it’s usually a non-event—in part because of Typesafe. This Q&A with architect Eric Bowman describes Gilt Groupe's journey from Rails to Reactive.
Read The ArticleGilt was originally a Ruby on Rails application with a PostgreSQL backend in 2007.  This article does a great job of describing Gilt’s historical transition from Rails to the Typesafe Reactive Platform.
Read The ArticlePeople often ask me if lambdas coming to Java will slow the adoption of Scala. Quite the opposite! Instead, I feel the acceptance of these features by the Java Community Process validates our innovation in language design on the JVM. As developers come to understand what these features are and how they work, they will also develop a better appreciation of the more extensive support of functional programming that Scala provides.
Read The ArticleScala's appealing fusion of the object-oriented and functional programming paradigms has brought it a substantial following since its introduction in 2003. Scala has demonstrated that you can have the benefits of compile-time static typing -- with a very powerful type system -- while preserving the "rapid application development" aspects and productivity usually associated with dynamically typed languages. Featuring excellent support for concurrent programming using the Actor model, as well as terrific supporting libraries and frameworks like Akka and Play, Scala is poised to be a major mainstream player for decades to come.
Read The ArticleTwitter created a living document on GitHub to reflect its current “best practices” around core ideals: Always favor readability; write generic code but not at the expense of clarity; take advantage of simple language features that afford great power but avoid the esoteric ones (especially in the type system). This guide attempts to distill their experience into short essays, providing a set of best practices that might be useful for your newbies.
Read The Developer Best PracticeWorkday has been using Scala for a couple of years now. The availability of engineers with Scala experience is getting better. Most of the time, however, they are building their team by helping experienced Java developers become Scala developers. You can learn more about their approach on GitHub.
Read The Developer Best PracticeScala school started as a series of lectures at Twitter to prepare experienced engineers to be productive Scala programmers. This is the written material that accompanied those lectures, which Twitter has found useful in their own right.
Read The Community StoryAt Comcast, our applications need convenient, low-latency access to important reference datasets. For example, our XfinityTV websites and apps need to use entertainment-related data to serve almost every API or web request to our data centers. The Sirius distributed system library is our answer to that question, and we're happy to announce that we've made it available as an open source project. Sirius is written in Scala and uses the Akka actor system under the covers, but is easily usable by any JVM-based language.
Read The Community StoryTransitioning to Scala - Advice from a developer who helped rebuild Walmart.ca with Scala and Play
What follows is a collection of advice geared towards developers, team leads, and managers who are thinking of transitioning their teams to Scala. The advice is based on my own personal experience as a team lead on an enterprise Scala project.
Read The Community StoryLucidchart is a fully functional diagramming application running inside the browser, which uses pure Javascript to create an experience that feels like a native app.
Migrating to Scala and Play from a CakePHP setup is already paying off. Response times are down for processor intensive code - such as image and PDF generation – by around 75%.
Read The Community StoryA primary goal at Twitter is to make sure the service is always available no matter what is happening around the world. This goal felt unattainable in 2010 with Ruby, so the team rewrote its codebase on Scala, delivering an estimated 10x performance increase.
Read The Community StoryJohn Pavley, CTO shares his perspectives on modernizing the infrastructure at the Huffington Post in this detailed engineering blog post.
While keeping things simple, safe, and reusable can be done in PHP it takes a tremendous amount of effort. Scala enforces humanistic coding by default. You can write bad code with Scala but you have to work hard to do it.
Read The Community StoryThis is a story about how Empathica as an organization transformed itself from being a Microsoft .NET shop to a Scala one. It didn’t happen overnight, and this is definitely not a how-to guide on how to achieve similar change somewhere else. If you’re looking for a side by side comparison of Scala and C#/.NET, you won’t find it here. This is just an account of how the change itself unfolded.
Read The Community StoryThis Powerpoint presentation includes a brief script in the notes section of each slide to help you position Reactive applications and the Typesafe Reactive Platform.
Download The PresentationWhen looking for ways to provide peers with proof, consider creating a casual knowledge sharing environment. That’s what Sr. Architect Joe Barnes did at Mentor Graphics. This presentation captures his introduction to functional programming in Scala and is filled with inspiring ideas.
Download The PresentationIn this use-case presentation, Sr. Architect Devin Ben-Hur addresses questions such as: How and why did we choose Scala? How did we go about training the team on the new language and technology stack? What has the adoption experience been for an engineering team rooted in dynamic languages?
View The Presentation


avg, sd = dist.mean(), dist.standard_deviation()
if sd == 0:
sd = 1
new_var.compute_value = Norm(var, avg, 1 / sd)
return new_var
def normalize_by_span(self, dist, var):
new_var = ContinuousVariable(var.name)
avg, sd = dist.mean(), dist.standard_deviation()
if sd == 0:
sd = 1
return ContinuousVariable(var.name, compute_value=Norm(var, avg, 1 / sd))
def normalize_by_span(self, dist, var):
dma, dmi = dist.max(), dist.min()
diff = dma - dmi


I am currently employed at Dixons Carphone as web designer, working on both Currys and PC World websites. I am responsible for working on everything from designing and developing marketing pages promoting their various services, to working alongside suppliers like SanDisk and Sony building their on site brand stores.
Under the Dixons Carphone umbrella, they own multiple subsidiary companies providing various services. This year there was a big project to promote their energy saving service. Behind the big push of this service, they required a new landing page explaining how this service works as well as options for the consumer to compare prices. The landing page on the left was the 2016 original and on the right is my re-design.
Currys PC World wanted me to design and build something which was interactive and promoted their premium Mega speakers. This was a fun project as this particular page gets thousands of visitors a month.
Since the Speaker unit was a success, driving interaction rates on the Audio universe page, Currys wanted me to design & build a similar unit for headphones. I was given more lifestyle images to use therefore I actually prefer the way this unit came out.
Similar to the service energy saving service I talk about further up the page, Dixons Carphone also provide a service allowing customers to compare their broadband, TV and home phone packages. They needed me to regenerate the landing page to look more modern, easier to navigate but keep the same theme and colors. The landing page on the left was the 2016 original and on the right is my re-design.


GroupMe Bot
Commands
Command
Description
Status
Sorry, the commands failed to load. Maybe refresh? ¯\_(ツ)_/¯


{{ exampleCode }}
1. Create a new project with 'Todo App' template
2. Copy the following HTML block:
{{ exampleCode }}
3. Navigate to Codepen and paste the copied block into HTML section
4. Voila! You created your first application on Backbone.
When you add, remove or 'complete' items, your changes will be saved in Backbone.
If you wish, you can continue playing around by updating your Todo App


Since I wrote
'2 trips down the rabbit hole' much has happened and some thoughts have changed a good deal.
The main thing I want to emphasize is the muscle twitching and spasms. I wrote the report the day after but to my dismay twitching lasted about 4 or 5 months. although I continued to take foxy a couple times at lower doses, which would bring the twitching back even worse, it seemed that the pretty large dose I had that day was too much. Overall I think I took it too frequently should have spaced it at least 1 month and kept it in tihkal dose range of 6-12 mg. I feel that foxy was damaging in some way to my muscles possibly contributing to tendonitis which I now have.
8 months later and I still think I twitch from using foxy although it has slowed considerably. I suggest anyone who suffers the muscle tremors and convulsions from fluffy space out their use and don't go beyond tihkal suggested dose.I have used foxy probably 15 times and think the lower doses are what its best for. If you want a really powerful trip don't keep taking more and more foxy to get there. You may get pretty far after a while but for myself I find by the time my mind is where I want to be my body is in convulsions. One other side effect I have found since then is I also get insomnia for 18-24 hours. Many people dont' suffer as many body side effects and I can only speak for myself. Plz be safe and watch out for excessive twitching and possibly convulsions at those higher doses.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


I'm a computer scientist and software engineer by education, graduating with a B.S. in Computer Science from Cornell University's College of Engineering. I've spent the last five years working at Palantir helping the world's most important institutions solve their hardest data problems.
I've been fortunate enough to work in a hugely diverse range of industries, including Oil & Gas (BP), Automotive Manufacturing (Stellantis – Formerly FCA), Financial Services (Fiserv – Formerly First Data), National Defense (U.S. DOD), Telecommunications, and Aviation. I've worked in Business Development as both a technical and strategic individual contributor, led an enterprise contract, converted new deals, and managed large teams internally and externally with our customers.
I'm in a uniquely leveraged position to contribute in my next venture, thrive in the unknown, tackle impossible problems, and bring cross-functional knowledge including:
I'm looking for somewhere I can have outsized impact in product, engineering, and business strategy at an early stage company employing technology to revolutionize society's approach to historically messy problems.
Outside of work, I build open-source software, most notably Mintable, a free tool which to manage & automate personal finance analysis with no ads or data collection. I'm an avid cyclist / runner / skier, road tripper, and podcast fan; I dabble with guitar & producing electronic music. 2023 goals include a century (100-mi) bike ride and a half-marathon. Talk to me about photography, personal finance, your morning Chemex routine, cars (& Top Gear), or your favorite cold open on The Office.


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jQuery-typing v0.2.1
Assign callbacks for started/stopped typing events.
Usage
$(':text').typing({
start: function (event, $elem) {
$elem.css('background', '#fa0');
},
stop: function (event, $elem) {
$elem.css('background', '#f00');
},
delay: 400
});
typing
command takes key-value object with start
, stop
and delay
keys. They are all optional, so you can either pass only start
callback, stop
callback, stop
callback and delay
time, or everything.
delay
is amount of time the plugin waits for another keypress before judging that typing has stopped; it is expressed in milliseconds and defaults to 400. Regardless of delay
’s value, the stop
callback is called immediately when blur event occurs.
Callbacks are passed two arguments: event that caused callback execution and jQuery object for matched element. Possible events are keypress
or keydown
for start
callbacks and keyup
or blur
for stop
callbacks.
Demo
| type | element | typing in progress | delay [ms] |
|---|---|---|---|
| text | JavaScript disabled | 400 | |
| text | JavaScript disabled | 1000 | |
| textarea | JavaScript disabled | 0 |
Download
Get production version from
https://raw.github.com/anhkind/jquery-typing/master/plugin/jquery.typing.min.js
For development version visit GitHub.
Meta
jQuery-typing is written by Maciej Konieczny. This software is released into the public domain and uses semantic versioning for release numbering.


Donald Trump has repeatedly lashed out at Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) at his rallies, calling her Pochahontas to cast doubt on her Native American Heritage. Trump even referred to Warren as Pocahontas at a November 2017 White House event honoring Navajo code-breakers. At a rally in Montana this past July, Trump offered Sen. Warren $1 million if she took a DNA test to prove her heritage. Trump spoke of bringing a DNA test to a debate if she challenges him.
“We will take that little kit — but we have to do it gently. Because we’re in the #MeToo generation, we have to do it gently,” Trump said. “And we will very gently take that kit, and slowly toss it, hoping it doesn’t injure her arm, and we will say: I will give you a million dollars to your favorite charity, paid for by Trump, if you take the test and it shows you’re an Indian. I have a feeling she will say no.”
Today the Massachusetts Senator released her DNA results.
“The facts suggest that you absolutely have a Native American ancestor in your pedigree,” an Ancestry.com and 23andMe adviser told Warren.
Warren tweeted Trump to demand he pay what he promised and requested that he make the donation to the National Indigenous Women’s Resource Center.
By the way, @realDonaldTrump: Remember saying on 7/5 that you’d give $1M to a charity of my choice if my DNA showed Native American ancestry? I remember – and here’s the verdict. Please send the check to the National Indigenous Women’s Resource Center: https://t.co/I6YQ9hf7Tv pic.twitter.com/J4gBamaeeo
— Elizabeth Warren (@elizabethforma) October 15, 2018
In response, White House counselor Kellyanne Conway called DNA testing “junk science.”
Then, Trump flat out denied ever promising to make that donation even though it’s on tape.
“Who cares?” Trump told reporters today. “I didn’t say that. Nope, you better read it again.”
Well, MSNBC has the receipts:
MSNBC put together video of Trump unequivocally telling Elizabeth Warren in July that “I’ll give you a million dollars, to your favorite charity, paid for by Trump, if you take [a DNA] test and it shows you’re an Indian” — followed by him denying he ever said that this morning. pic.twitter.com/zR3n2DqaiY
— Aaron Rupar (@atrupar) October 15, 2018
Image via screen capture.


CSS Selectors
Before adding any css style we must select the items that are going to get affected, this article provides the information about how to select the elements we want.
Selectors
- (space): descendant selector, not direct child but child of the previous element
- (>): child selector, direct child of the previous element
- (+): adjacent sibling selector, the next element that is at the same level that the previous element
- (~): general sibling selector, an element which is at the same level than the previous element
- (.): class selector, selects all HTML elements that share the same class
- (#): id selector, selects the only element in the document with the id set to that value
- (*): universal selector, selects every element in the document
Selector examples
Space Selector
CSS
element element { background: black; }
HTML
<element> <notElement> <element> </notElement> </element>
Child Selector
CSS
element > element { background: black; }
HTML
<element> <element> </element>
Adjacent Selector
CSS
element + element { background: black; }
HTML
<element> <element> <element> </element>
General Sibling Selector
CSS
element ~ sibling { background: black; }
HTML
<element> <sibling> <element> <sibling> <sibling> </element>
Class Selector
CSS
.element { background: black; }
HTML
<element class="element"></element> <element></element>
ID Selector
CSS
#element { background: black; }
HTML
<element id="element"></element> <element></element>
Universal Selector
CSS
* { background: black; }
HTML
<element id="element"></element> <element class="element"></element>
Specificity
- style attribute: HTML attribute to add on the HTML tag, 1000 points
- id: HTML attribute to uniquely identify one element, 100 point per iteration
- Class: HTML attribute to group one or more HTML elements, 10 point per iteration
- pseudo-class: action/behaviour of an element such as :hover, 100100 point per iteration
- attribute: an HTML attribute that adds some information like input[type="submit"], 10 point per iteration
- elements: an HTML5 element, 1 point per iteration
- pseudo-elements: a custom HTML element made by the user, 1 points


Trump Jr: 'Mitt Romney Is My Favorite Democrat' | Breitbart
by Trent BakerTuesday on CBS’s “This Morning” as part of his book tour for “Triggered: How the Left Thrives on Hate and Wants to Silence Us,” President Donald Trump’s son, Donald Trump, Jr., revealed his favorite Democrat: Sen. Mitt Romney (R-UT).
After the younger Trump was urged to “say something nice” on Twitter as the interview wrapped up, co-host Gayle King asked him to name his favorite Democrat.
Trump thought to himself for a moment and then jokingly replied, “Mitt Romney is my favorite Democrat.”
Partial exchange as follows:
KING: Who is your favorite Democrat? Go ahead. TRUMP JR.: Ooh. KING: OK. Alright … we’re going to let you go. Thank you very much. It is now 8:14. The name of the book is ‘Triggered,’ wherever you like to buy your books. TRUMP JR.: Mitt Romney, Gayle. Mitt Romney is my favorite Democrat. How about that? KING: No. Time to check your local weather.
Follow Trent Baker on Twitter @MagnifiTrent


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Weston Transport Limited was formed in 1997 and has enjoyed steady growth ever since. From the original three vehicles based in Glasgow the fleet now consists of 40 vehicles spread across the United Kingdom. The fleet consists of a verity of both vehicle and crane sizes from 23tonne metre 4 wheelers to 85 tonne metre artics and 8 wheelers with drag trailers.
The Weston operation is based on providing Premium Customer Service with a high level of operator competency. The driver pool has a remarkably low turnover, reflecting the fact that only a motivated well-trained workforce can provide the level of customer service which is required both by Weston Transport Management and Customers.
The Company works primarily from depots in Glasgow and Coventry which are both conveniently placed next to the M73 and M6 motorways. It also operates from smaller satellite depots in Inverurie, Livingston and Wolverhampton.
Weston Transports Fleet comprises of 40 vehicles based mainly in Glasgow and Coventry with satellite depots in Inverurie, Livingston and Wolverhampton. The vehicles are mainly DAF, Scania and MAN with Fassi, PM and Putzmeister supplying the truck mounted cranes. The crane sizes span from 23tonne metre to 85 tonne metre and vehicle vary from small 4 wheelers up to both artics and 8 wheelers with drag trailers.
With the increasing complexity of jobs in the truck mounted crane industry all jobs are subject to risk assessments and method statements and all drivers are ALLMI trained to ensure, as far as possible, a safe and smooth operation.
All the best equipment and new vehicles count for nothing if the people are not performing at their best. Weston Transport is committed to the highest standards of training. All drivers are ALLMI trained and the level of staff retention is excellent which has led to a stable, close knit workforce.


by
R W M Johnson, Ministry of Agriculture, Wellington
This paper explores the application of property rights to sustainable land management objectives. Property rights are briefly defined and discussed in terms of the Torrens system of land registration. Incentive schemes for soil conservation are assessed against the property rights background. Alternative systems of property rights are discussed after the manner of Bromley and Hodge. The application of such a changed system of property rights is assessed for practicality and technical achievement.
The traditional system for achieving changes in farm management practice in terms of soil conservation objectives in Australia and New Zealand has been to offer a system of incentive payments to land holders targeted on needed conservation objectives. These incentives recognised the strong bargaining position of the landholders both politically and legally. Their political power stemmed form their dominance in the early legislatures while their legal power stemmed from the system of land registration first introduced by Torrens in South Australia. The thrust of the argument to be presented here is that the Torrens system was too successful in achieving its primary objective of title security and lacked the flexibility to be adaptable to needed changes in practice when these became necessary in the pursuit of the national good.
This paper first discusses the nature of property rights with specific reference to land holding and defines what is regarded as an efficient set of property rights. The characteristics of property rights are compared for freehold and leasehold tenure. Reference is made to how water and mineral rights relate to these attributes. The paper then goes on to examine Bromley and Hodge's proposition that a re-distribution of land property rights would be an alternative method of reaching current perceived land management standards at considerably less cost to the exchequer. We conclude by assessing how practical their proposition is and whether it is technically achievable.
Property rights are a set of behavioural rules that people choose to observe and accomodate to. Dragun (1990) refers to "the social pattern of rights and duties". They can be established through custom, convention or law (Hide, 1987). The essential fact is that they are observed rather than sanctified by law. In general, they can be established through custom, convention, or law. In land use such rules specify who may use a resource and how the resource may be used. Such rules allow exchange to take place with some security and therefore assist in allocating resources among competing interests. The market works precisely because it is backed up by a set of property rights.
Exchange of property rights is based on their exclusivity and transferability. An exclusive property right is the ownership of a car; a common property right is the right to use the roads. One is exclusive and transferable and one is not. The right to exclude, says Hide, is a pre-condition to the right to trade. An exchange permits a value to be established hence we can talk about a market for property rights. Exclusive property rights must be specified and policed, and contracts for the exchange of rights must be negotiated and enforced. (Cars have ownership papers and the courts enforce owners rights when they are violated) .
There are at least six characteristics of property rights that qualify their usefulness in economic exchanges (Scott, 1989).
Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of these six characteristics of interest in rights which are based on the following descriptors:
Duration: length of time an arrangement holds for; a period in which a rightholder can profitably invest in harvesting (Scott).
Flexibility: discretion to change use; what can and cannot be done without consulting others.
Exclusivity: the strength of a right; the inverse of the number of persons who must be contacted to internalise enterprises like fishing (Scott); freedom from disturbance; strength of acceptance by the community.
Quality of Title: legal protection and security provided by common law and things like registration systems; acceptance by others.
Transferability: ability to transfer to others; number of parties to whom a transfer can be made (Scott).
Divisibility/Assemblability: ability to sub-divide; ability to aggregate; ability to share; ability to have joint holders (Scott); abiliy to assist transferability (Scott).
Scott then says the amount of each characteristic in a standard interest can usefully be regarded as observable, measurable and continuously variable. For example, each may be scored from a 100. This relates to other writers who h3ve used value-laden terms such as "incomplete", "imperfect", "attenuated", or "propertyness". Furthermore, these characteristics can be regarded as a six-pointed star-shaped figure formed by joining its measured points on the six characteristics axes. This is what is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Six Characteristics of Interest in Real Property (after Scott, 1988)
| Comparision of Tenure Systems: | ||
|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Torrens System | Leasehold |
| (Scores on a scale 0 - 100) | ||
| Duration | 100 | 20 |
| Divisibility | 80 | 20 |
| Transferability | 100 | 100 |
| Quality | 100 | 80 |
| Exclusivity | 50 | 50 |
| Flexibility | 80 | 20 |
It is possible to use such a diagram to compare two systems of property rights. In Figure 1, a freehold system of land tenure is compared with a leasehold system. The right to occupy land is well understood in Australia and New Zealand. Fairly arbitrary scoring on the 0 - 100 scale has been used for this example. But in general freehold systems of land tenure are very high on most attributes other than exclusivity (there is not a lot of protection from the actions of others) while leasehold tenure scores weakly except on transferability and quality of title. The resulting linkages between characteristics in the diagram thus form "pictures" of different property right systems.
An alternative formulation to Scott's characteristics is described by the concept of attenuation (Quiggin, 1986) as indicated above. Any limitation on the way in which property rights may be used constitutes attenuation. The ideal, unattenuated state is approximated by private chattel ownership where the owner has completely free rights of use, exclusion and alienation. The attenuation of property rights, in this view, will always reduce their value to the owner, and is sometimes viewed as undesirable (ie by the followers of Coase). This is particularly true when attenuation is the result of actions of governments, such as regulatory limits on the way in which property may be used or restrictions on the sale and purchase of property. Dragun points out that the key features of non-attenuation are complete specification of the right, exclusive specification, full transferability and enforceability (Dragun, 1990). Jacobsen (1991) points out that the ownership conferred by property rights does not normally entail the right to impose costs on others. Rights are attenuated to prevent adverse consequences to others, and in turn protect owners from the actions of others. For further discussion of the philosophical origins of these terms see Alchian and Demsetz (1973), Castle (1978), Quiggin (1986), Izac (1986), Cox, Lowe and Winter (1988), and Dragun (1990) among others.
An efficient set of property rights refers to minimising the costs of making changes to right holdings, the costs of policing and the costs of establishment (eg registration). Hide (1987) gives an analysis of transaction costs and their relation to efficiency. The Torrens system of land registration is a very efficient set of property rights because it provides high security at low registration cost, it requires low policing costs and changes can be made with very little trouble. Most New Zealanders and Australians do not realise that the registration of title to their dwelling site confers such a wide set of benefits on them personally. For this we can thank our forefathers! Such things as planning tribunals and legal niceties raise the costs of many exchanges of property rights and hence can be seen as counters to efficiency. Poor design in legislation could be one reason for this. Thus an efficient set of property rights is a well designed set, widely trusted by the people involved and not subject to vexatious litigation. Conflict does arise, however, and the courts may be the only way to resolve difficulties between conflicting interests.
There is some conflict in the literature with this definition of efficiency. Bradsen (1988) discusses at some length the merits of cost-benefit analysis particularly the use of social discount rates. He allows that such analysis is needed for major works; but says preventative practices should be treated differently. He does not distinguish between project costs and transaction costs and hence never really defines what we would call an efficient solution. Jacobsen (1991) discusses social cost-benefit analyses incorporating the depreciation of natural capital as a cost. Subsequent discussion indicates that this author is including transaction costs, "high costs of public ownership" for example, without distinguishing the different context.
Australia and New Zealand have well-developed and efficient sets of land property rights. The system is so well designed that it provides full security at low cost, has low policing costs and provides a high degree of protection. The system is so well thought of that a market for land operates without any doubt as to the authenticity of the title or the potential risks.
The right of ownership then confers on the owner further rights as to how he might use that right. He may prevent trespass, he can choose any land use he likes, he can erect a building and he can sell any product from that land without encumbrance. (We use "use" in the town planning sense rather than a farming sense). Titles can have attachments to them such as the registration of debt secured against that title. In Western Australia, notices to occupiers of land from the commissioner of soil conservation can be registered with the appropriate land registrar (Looney, 1991). Attachments lower the exchange value of a right.
In general, freehold or full tenure confers more security on the titleholder than a leasehold system (this clearly relates to our forefathers' experience in England, Scotland and Ireland). Figure 1 explains this difference from the point of view of the various characteristics of interest in a right. Kirby and Blyth (1987) are very critical of the problems caused by leasehold systems of tenure in Australia.
The rights of use have become constrained by social controls in a number-of instances . Town and Country Planning Acts and Mineral legislation, for example, constrain access, building rights, and subdivision typically. They do not constrain the selling of the product, however, though cases of this do occur (see indigenous forest discussion below for example).
In the historical context, these property rights facilitated the opening up of the land. They provided an incentive to develop and enabled the developer to capture all the gains from his occupation. They also secured him a reward when he had finished developing as the right was immediately transferable to others at a market determined price backed by the very system of which it was part.
In the longer run, it was inevitable that some of the (social) costs of development of the land were not captured in the market process. In particular, deterioration in surface cover, soil loss, sediment transmission, salinity levels, and water quality loss can still occur within the Torrens system of property rights, which was otherwise so efficient in achieving its purposes. The conditions of use of the right allowed these things to happen and no sanctions were introduced to prevent them happening for a long period. The position was worse where leasehold land was concerned (Kirby and Blyth, 1987).
Salinity is a well-documented case of an externality arising out of seepage (Hodge, 1982; Quiggin, 1986; Kirby and Blyth, 1987). The debate ranges over the respective merits of negotiation, incentives, trading rights and regulation. There is also a clear line of argument connecting market failure with information deficiencies both at the landholder level and local government (Wills, 1987). wills also suggests that distortion is not absent from information supplied to government by interested parties. A good overview of the extent of land degradation in Australia, and of the legal structures in place, which I found useful, is given in Looney (1991).
When changes (in externalities) take place, the system ot property rights is no longer efficient and effacious. A new system of property rights is needed to reflect societal value which at the same time minimise transaction costs. In New Zealand the new Resource Management Act epitomises the new set of social values and indicates that both regulatory and market based measures may be used to reach the Act's objectives. Such legislation must be scrutinised very carefully from the property right point of view just because new solutions and the consequential legal provisions could potentially be very expensive or vexatious to introduce or bring about.
In our language the Torrens system does not deal well with externalities. The above examples are the long term impacts of the human use of land which affect others than the right holder. It can be stated that they occur as a result of the inability to negotiate and enforce an exchange of the relevant property rights (Hide). The inability arises because physical or technical factors prevent the parties getting together or they simply went unobserved. They are typically non-point sources of degradation.
In the-case of soil erosion on slopes, the downstream owner's rights are not protected; there is no market in "rights to cause soil loss" and transfer the costs; there is no point discharge on which to fix a levy; solutions up to the present have been based on incentives (bribes in the Bromley language) to degraders to stop or control the relevant practice. One solution is to bring the degraders and the recipients together in a common rating system and spread the costs of treatment; in this way the externality can be internalised!
Legislation like the Resource Management Act can be viewed as an exercise in the redistribution of property rights. Legislation can place restrictions of all sorts on the use of resources governed by property rights and hence can potentially change land use itself. For example, previously the Mining Act had prior rights over freehold rights with respect to prospecting for minerals. Developers could cross private land for this purpose. In the Resource Management Bill it was proposed that land owners could have a veto over such access. In the resulting Crown Minerals Act (the relevant sections were spun off the Resource Management Act) clauses 55 and 63 simply state the classes of land which will not be subject to an access arrangement after the appointment of an arbitrator. The strengthening of the rights of surface landholders has not taken place. From an efficiency point of view, a low cost system is needed to reduce the costs of undue negotiation and litigation where the national interest is involved.
The scope of such legislation is also governed by property rights. By scope, we mean all those persons and corporates who may be affected by the provisions. Control over resources means control over the users of resources. The users are already in occupation and have established formal and informal rights. The domain of such legislation is defined as being all property held under some system of rights whether it be freehold land (registered title) or some other right conferred by custom, agreement or contract.
Property rights are important in land precisely because they enable social control over resource use and management (Hide). Through reform and adaptation, the use and management of resources is improved. In adapting property rights, society adjusts the respective roles of the state and the individual and explores the ability of political and market mechanisms to manage the resource stock better.
Water rights are an example where social considerations often outweigh the desires of the individual. "First come" rights derived from prior access have given way to riparian doctrines that consider water a public resource held in trust by the Crown (OECD, 1987). Permits or licences are used to allocate the resource thus substituting administrative procedure and/or legal covenants for a market in single use rights. Current criticism is based on the imperfections of such administrative systems as they do not adequately provide for recreation, conservation and spiritual values, do not provide for other water uses, and do not provide an efficient set of rights, (Moore and Arthur-Worsop, 1989).
The new school maintains that a system of well-defined and tradeable property rights would be more socially advantageous than administered systems. They could provide greater flexibility and security, better information on resource values, minimal transaction costs and the ability to accommodate new resource values (Checcchio and Colby, 1988; Hide, 1987). Flexibility comes from being able to allocate water in accord with demand and changing use values. Security is gained by actual ownership of the right, as opposed to Crown ownership. The allocation process has the potential to be more transparent as resource values will emerge through bidding among alternative users. In a well-defined statutory environment information regarding transfer arrangements and possibilities are more transparent thus limiting uncertainty and ultimately transaction costs. These conclusions are consistent with the description of non-attenuated rights given earlier.
Administrative systems hide or disguise transaction costs. Public control apologists would no doubt say that the end justifies the means. But from an economic point of view achieving an efficient set of water property rights should be the target of public policy. A market for water rights creates opportunities for new uses to be recognised at relatively low cost. It would probably not provide for all recreation, conservation and spiritual values unless the respective lobbies were forced to "buy" their requirements. However, investigating, assessing and verifying all claims to a water source (not to mention appeals and legal proceedings) remains a high transaction cost process. Therefore legislative solutions in the water rights area must be particularly well-designed to achieve the potential efficiencies that are possible.
It has been pointed out that water markets will not perform perfectly (OECD, 1987, Ch 2). Market based allocations may not recognise the proper social accounting.(or shadow) prices. In a multiple resource use situation some uses will be difficult to identify and measure, and the mix of private and public goods will greatly complicate the design of an efficient property rights system. The presence of some public good aspects in the solution will always lead to some under-statement of demand. The OECD report (editors Bromley and Pearce) concludes that one system cannot be judged preferable to the other, and that member countries should choose their own policy objectives for water, resource management according to their own goals and objectives.
Under the Resource Management Act, New Zealand is moving to a system of transferable water permits. The responsibility for implementing them will fall on regional councils who will establish the regulatory and allocative framework for granting in-stream rights. Experience from South Australia has been quoted as indicating that with resource scarcity and effective regulations, water markets can achieve better water allocation (Moore and Arthur-Worsop). On the other hand, uncertainty over the tenure of water rights in Victoria and New South Wales has slowed up the development of markets in those areas (Verdich, 1986). Further analysis is obviously needed of these questions before we can be at all categoric about the relative efficiency of different allocation systems.
In this section we only discuss mineral rights as they bear on land access questions (for a general discussion of mining property rights in New Zealand, see Jardine and Scobie, 1990). Under New Zealand mining legislation the surface owner has a right of veto over access on certain classes of land only. These classes include land under some horticultural use, land in urban areas, land under burial grounds, airstrips, waterworks, roads, bridges or buildings, and all conservation land. The remainder is open to access (for exploration) without consent of the owner and makes up most of the pastoral farmland and exotic forest estate.
In the Resource Management Bill, it was proposed that land owners should have a veto over prospecting, exploration and mining on all land. In the past the mining rights had over-ridden the occupation rights. The proposed veto changed the distribution of property rights and hence the incentive to invest and develop. Such a veto would discriminate against the Crown as a mineral and petroleum owner. It would also reduce the incentive to explore for minerals and raise the transaction costs of getting access. This would reduce the efficiency of the set of property rights held by the explorers. It would transfer windfall gains from the old owners of rights to the new owners and could result in a lower rate of over-all development of the economy.
This is another case of the relative efficiency of two systems. From the point of view of the landholder he is interested in getting rid of (mining) rights that have priority over the ones he holds. From the point of view of the explorer, and indeed of the nation, the status quo was all about enabling society to have it both ways; one use of the land can continue to be developed while the potential to use it for something else is not foregone. Environmentalists had sided with the landholders in the debate as they wanted greater impediments to mining development as an absolute goal. In the event the status quo was preserved in the Crown Minerals Act and further testing and analysis of the relative merits of the two systems of property rights has been passed over.
This case is briefly discussed as it an example of regulations being used to control the use of the product derived from the possession of a right. In 1989, New Zealand introduced a set of regulations prohibiting the felling of indigenous trees for export purposes. The regulations were part of an attempt to conserve the native forest estate as well as trying to conform to advanced international standards of behaviour with respect to the felling of indigenous forests.
The ban on exports effectively used an administrative decree to limit the harvest of trees on privately held land. The regulations prevented landholders from felling timber for export purposes without compensation. Thus the surface owners interest in the land was made subservient to the public interest.
From the landholders point of view here was an arbitary decision to limit the sources of his income. It appeared there were cases where the exploitation of this resource was essential to the continued viability of the individual enterprise. Subsequent negotiations recogised this fact and a form of compensation was agreed to. The new government elected in 1990 has since put the forest regulations on hold.
From the environmental point of view it was regarded as imperative that New Zealand made an international gesture as early as possible.
From an efficiency point of view, the proposal was disadvantageous. The plan would have involve the preparation of a sustainable harvest plan approved by the Ministry of Forestry. The costs of this plan, especially if it involves survey costs, could make this option non-operable for many smaller freehold areas of forest. Some discussion was also based on the introduction of a felling fee to discourage use of the private forest estate. In all these cases the transaction costs of the conservation goal would have been high.
The Resource Management Act in New Zealand is effectively a change in the social paradigm that directs land and water resource use. The concept of sustainability lies at the centre of the Act's provisions. In the Act sustainability is defined as "managing the use, development, and protection of natural and physical resources in a way, or at a rate, which enables people and communities to provide for their social, economic and cultural wellbeing and for their health and safety while: a) sustaining the potential of natural and physical resources (excluding minerals) to meet the reasonably foreseeable needs of future generations; and b) safeguarding the life-supporting capacity of air, water, soil, and ecosystems; and c) avoiding; remedying, or mitigating any adverse effects of activities on the environment".
In New Zealand the Soil and Water Conservation Act was passed in 1941 and the Town and Country Planning Act in 1948. These Acts have gradually introduced definitions of what could be called "good" land and water use and provided mechanisms for national and local government to pursue such goals. The legislative provisions impose restriction on the holders of land rights and represent reductions (or attenuations) in the original property right granted to them, bought by them, or inherited by them.
In general, the cooperation of landholders (in soil conservation particularly) has been gained by a system of incentives for changes in management practices . As earlier mentioned, common law rights to water were abolished by the Water and Soil Act 1977 and control shifted to the State. Subdivision, changes in use (including buildings), and peri-urban development were all "licensed" under the town and country planning regulations. In the new Act, local government will be responsible for amending or continuing the ordinances which will have higher standards to meet than in the past. (The range of potential controls and administrative systems is very wide; further space will not be taken up with discussing them here). As Castle (1978) says, such legislation represents a dissatisfaction with the consequences of private holdings in land and a belief that a comprehensive approach holds the key to many resource and environmental problems. In the United States, the emphasis on the role of local and state government was consistent with a disenchantment with big, central government. Castle notes that federal pressure was required to make western states amend their water legislation as all the available water had already been privately appropriated.
Castle was concerned with the impact of macro policies for employment, prices and income. He found that the full cost of these policies will not be reflected at the national level but at the state and local government level. Macro policy impacts put pressure on the existing system of property rights. Local control mechanisms were slow to respond. Systems are needed to give a better combination of federal, state and local control and guidance to meet society's wider objectives.
This shift in the national paradigm is reflected a recent paper from Australia (Bradsen, 1990). In a paper on the effectiveness of soil conservation legislation, he reviews Australian definitions of sustainability in current legislation, and the relation of incentives, compulsion and regulation to ensure proper use of land. He concludes (he is a lawyer and landholder) that licensing is not generally an appropriate way to deal with land degradation; he believes obligations should first be imposed, not on landholders, but on government, especially if land conservation is administered by agencies whose ethos is historically rooted largely in exploitation (see Bradsen, 1988, for details). This obligation should involve ensuring that land is objectively assessed particularly to determine its capabilities, whether they are being exceeded, and what solutions are appropriate.
He says the obligation on landholders should involve the preparation of property plans consistent with a regional plan. It should include the need for substantial compliance with both. It should not rely on incentives. "Australia's departure in the 30s and 40s from the Australian way of dealing with land management problems, such as pest plants, animals and insects, to rely on the US voluntary, awareness, education, approach to land degradation can perhaps be excused,...It has not been effective and continued reliance on this approach cannot be excused. The commitment of substantial community funds compounds the error, especially in the absence of accountability according to proper land conservation standards" (Bradsen, 1990, p 11).
Without using property rights language, Bradsen is in favour of the attenuation of land use rights to eliminate externalities and meet desired standards. He recommends compulsory property plans incorporating sustainability principles. This would be backed up by some system of enforcement, including the power of aquisition, an appeal system, and provision for formal reports and periodic reviews~ Landholders should, for a period of adjustment, not be required to meet all costs on a polluter pays basis; considerable sums of Commonwealth finance will be required. Looney (1991) covers a lot of this ground as well.
Thus Bradsen's emphasis is on compliance and standards and the means to best achieve these. There is no accounting of transaction costs of the alternatives. It is essentially goal driven. This example is useful as we go on to discuss less attenuated systems for achieving the same objectives.
Over a considerable area of land conservation, and particularly for soil conservation, systems of cash incentives have been used to encourage good land management practices. This system of subsidies and concessions (bribes) is necessary, say Bromley and Hodge (1990), to counter-balance the existing set of property rights. They see the state becoming more and more involved with technological externalities of existing land use practices as the state represents the section of society affected by the unwanted effects of agricultural land use. The state's response has been either to introduce some form of regulation in which specific quantitative goals will be set, or a set of financial inducements to obtain compliance from the agricultural community. The process is accompanied by extensive political negotiations in either case. In effect, say Bromley and Hodge, the presumed property rights in land become translated through the political process, into presumptive entitlements in the policy area (see also Cox, Lowe and Winter, 1988).
But such arrangements need not be fixed in concrete; "The presumption of an absolute right to produce food and fibre creates an open-ended agricultural policy in which the state and its treasury - has become the captive of the sancity of private rights in land, the political power of the farmers, and the technological prowess of modern agriculture. If farmers are on a technological treadmill, the industrial state is surely on a fiscal treadmill. The generally secure position which landowners enjoy, however, has no immutable legitimacy - though its political legitimacy is another matter. Institutional arrangements are social creations, fashioned to serve collective objectives".
Bromley and Hodge propose an alternative approach. They suggest that the state defines a desirable system of land use compatible with environmental objectives, and that existing practices be measured against this desirable system. "The desired level of countryside and community attributes would be determined through collective action at the local level, but with wider oversight if the domain of concern transcended the locality". A plan for a particular area would specify the constraints over land use required to achieve the desired level of environmental quality. Farmers would remain free to choose enterprises and methods of production so long as the final result does not violate the plan. In effect, the property rights which formerly resided with the farmer are transferred to the collective entity.
To make the system flexible, it is suggested that the farmer be given a right to deviate from the plan by paying into the public purse. This represents a turnaround of the incentive system where the farmers bribe the state rather than the state bribing the farmers. The deviation from the standard would presumably lead to greater private income from that permitted and hence would be a source of the payments that would flow to the state. The farmer would have to weigh up the alternatives. If instituted, such a system would reverse the direction of payments from the traditional pattern.
The authors discuss the administration of such a system of property rights. A considerable administration would be required in terms of specifying the appropriate constraints for the various regions of a country, and in systems for assuring various regions of a country, and in systems for assuring compliance. The mix of environmental objectives could be quite wide and complex and would differ for different regions. In New Zealand, a new set of goals and standards would need to be evolved. Point sources would be easier to accomodate than nonpoint sources. A considerable scientific input would be required (though there are similarities here to Bradsen's approach). Current legislation would have to be re-drafted to meet the holistic systems approach put forward.
The proposed system would bring about a realignment of all the incentives to produce. Policy instruments that give financial incentives to farmers would disappear. Production levels would be governed by the system of permits which allowed deviations from the ideal (Bromley and Hodge assume that the ideal is not at the top of the production possibility curve) Generally, output would be most modified where farming systems were heavily dependant on sensitive environmental inputs.
The costs of production would be higher (except in the case of zero use of enviromental inputs if such could be found). Costs would increase either to meet the new standards or in bribing the authorities to get departures. Output positions would dependent on the particular effect of each environmental constraint. It seems plausible that the costs of meeting the standards would depress the value of the land right and hence land values; the higher the standards are set above practice the lower the resulting land value.
Finally, agricultural producers would come to be regarded as land managers rather than producers (a lot would claim this already; the debate on landcare groups comes in here). If increased costs drive up market prices for products, then consumers would be paying a tax for product produced in an environmentally sound way. This would be an estimate of the social cost of current agricultural practice. If the complete system were to be accepted and to be instituted successfully, the environmental externalities of existing agricultural systems would have been internalised.
In terms of current land tenure systems in Australia and New Zealand, the proposal seems a very large step into the future. There are various practical problems which are discussed below. However, Bromley and Hodge remind us that nothing is immutable; "It is important to recognise that the current assignment of of entitlements in land - and, by extension, in the policy arena are simply artefacts of previous scarcities and priorities, and of the location of influence in the political process. To assume that these entitlements are necessarily pertinent and socially advantageous to the future is unwarranted. Shifting values and changing perceptions of the role of agriculture will surely bring about at least marginal shifts in property rights and policy entitlements".
There are a wide range of environmental objectives that need to be addressed anyway. In New Zealand a system is needed that deals with soil erosion, surface cover, burning, water quality, water discharge, pesticide use, noxious weeds, introduced animals and pests, tillage on slopes, and so on. A similiar list is provided for Australia by Looney (1991). The incidence of these differ from region to region.
There is a great deal of scientific work required to establish environmental standards covering all the objectives. However, it may be that good practice rules could be derived that substitute for scientific criteria. There are great differences between point sources of degradation and non-point sources.
Existing institutional measures use a variety of instruments. Regulations are used in some areas and incentives in others. Collective administrative systems conceal the costs of regulatory and incentive schemes and few comparisions have been made of the alternatives. It is not clear at this stage which of the "bads" would be best suited to a polluter pays scheme such as Bromley and Hodge propose.
The Resource Management Act provides for regional and district councils to administer land and water and other resource issues. They will have the responsibility of setting environmental standards subject to national policy directives. They will have an obligation to consider all possible instruments and justify their selection as the most efficient (section 32). Some uniformity would be assured by consultation with neighbouring jurisdictions.
As it stands therefore the mix of incentives and regulations is in the hands of the local authorities. A proposal like Bromley and Hodge's would require more direction from the centre than is currently the fashion in New Zealand.
These authorities will have to assemble the scientific expertise they need to determine and monitor the new standards that will be required. There is already a considerable body of data in the water quality area. In principle, they could go Bradsen's way and require conformity to a farm plan of suitable appropriateness; this would leave open who met the extra costs of compliance though other ratepayers are likely to have to meet this. Sharing systems for costs as in pest management could continue. Alternatively, some authorities could explore polluter pays systems that derive from the scientific standards yet to be established. Again how this will affect non-point discharges is not at all clear.
The property rights efficiency analysis does provide some insight into the rights established under the Torrens system of land registration. No one has established before that there is a direct connection between land use practices and the characteristics of property rights. The Torrens system is very efficient in doing what it is meant to do - providing absolute security at low cost. Our respective countries had to be developed quickly and long term sustainability had not emerged as a problem. Thus the registration system was designed before the recognition of technological externalities and hence does not provide any incentives to right holders to manage an efficient set.
In spite of a lot of discussion in the literature, there is little evidence of assessment of relative transaction costs of different right systems. Some of this would be undertaken in backroom dialogue when respective merits of alternative plans were thrashed out. This may have to change as the Resource Management Act (section 32) does require any objective, rule or policy to have regard to the benefits and costs of the principal alternative means and effectiveness in achieving the objective or policy. There will be scope here for considerable discussion of the relevance of transaction costs and efficient solutions.
Comparisions of the Australian and New Zealand experience show some similarities and some differences. There are a wide range of degradation problems to be faced. There are close similarities in our freehold and leasehold land holding arrangements.
Legislation has been completely updated in recent years. However, in Australia, controlling legislation is more advanced than in New Zealand and appears to be running off a different incentive paradigm than that prescribed in the Resource Management Act. It may be that NZ local government will be impressed with the Australian example and adopt the prescriptions advanced by Bradsen and some state departments (Looney, 1991, p 259).
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Dragun, A.K. (1989), "Property Rights and Institutional Design", Workshop on Economics of Institutional Change, Lincoln College, New Zealand, Feb 10.
Hide, R.P. (1987), "Property Rights and Natural Resource Policy" Studies in Resource Manaqement No 3, Centre for Resource Management, Lincoln College, New Zealand.
Hodge, I. (1982), "Rights to Cleared land and the Control of Dryland-Seepage Salinity", Australian Journal of Aqricultural Economics, 26 185-201.
Izac, A.-M.N. (1986), "Resource Policies, Property Rights and Conflicts of Interest", Australian Journal of Aqricultural Economics, 30 23-37.
Jacobsen, V. (1991), "Property Rights, Prices and Sustainability", Workinq Papers in Economics No 91/5, University of Waikato.
Jardine, V. and Scobie, G. (1990), "Mining Policy: Rights and Wrongs", Proceedinqs of Annual Conference of NZ Branch Australian Aqricultultural Economics Society, Blenheim, 146-153.
Kirby, M.G. and Blyth, M.J. (1987), "Economic Aspects of Land Degradation in Australia", Australian Journal of Aqricul tural Economics, 31 155-174.
Looney, J.W. (1991), "Land Degradation in Australia: The Search for a Legal Remedy", Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, July-Aug 256-259.
Moore, W. and Arthur-Worsop, M. (1989), "Privatising Water: An Analysis of Initiatives to Sell Community Irrigation Schemes and to Create Water Markets", Proceedinqs of Annual Conference of NZ Branch Australian Aqricultural Economics Society, Bulls, 93-110.
OECD, (1987), Pricinq of Water Services, OECD Environment Committee, Paris.
Quiggin, J. (1986), "Common Property, Private Property and Regulation: The Case of Dryland Salinity", Australian Journal of Aqricultural Economics, 30 103-117.
Scott, A. (1989), "Evolution of Individual Transferable Quotas as a Distinct Class of Property Right", in The Economics of Fishery Manaqement in the Pacific Reqion, ed. by Campbell and Waugh, ACAIR Bulletin No 26.
Verdich, P. (1986), "Transferable Water Rights" Contributed Paper, Australian Agricultural Economics Society Seminar.
Wills, I. (1987), "Resource Degradation on Agricultural Land: Information Problems, Market Failures and Government Intervention", Australian Journal of Aqricultural Economics, 31 45-55.


 You may surf the SNS a bit too long at times, but you have control over your usage.
50-79 points
You are experiencing occasional or frequent problems because of the SNS.  You should evaluate the impact of the SNS on your life and address the problems directly caused by your SNS usage.


|
The Cardiff GiantDiscovered by William C. Newell, a farmer from Cardiff, in Upstate New York, on October 16, 1869. It was claimed this ten and a half foot tall statue was a fossilized man who had been buried for many years, and the giant quickly became a tourist attraction. But nominal investigation by experts declared it a statue, and a recently-created one at that. It eventually came to light that the Cardiff Giant had been created by George Hull, a New York tobacconist who hired a stonemason to carve the statue and treat it to appear aged, then transported it to Cardiff and buried it.Not willing to let something silly like the facts get in the way of a good story, the giant continued to attract crowds and was moved to New York City to put on display. P.T. Barnum offered to purchase the giant and was turned down; Barnum then created a copy of the giant and displayed that. The giant is now on display at the Farmer's Museum in Cooperstown, NY. |


Scout YYF I
问题描述 :
YYF is a couragous scout. Now he is on a dangerous mission which is to penetrate into the enemy’s base. After overcoming a series difficulties, YYF is now at the start of enemy’s famous “mine road”. This is a very long road, on which there are numbers of mines. At first, YYF is at step one. For each step after that, YYF will walk one step with a probability of p, or jump two step with a probality of 1-p. Here is the task, given the place of each mine, please calculate the probality that YYF can go through the “mine road” safely.
输入:
The input contains many test cases ended with EOF.
Each test case contains two lines.
The First line of each test case is N (1 ≤ N ≤ 10) and p (0.25 ≤ p ≤ 0.75) seperated by a single blank, standing for the number of mines and the probability to walk one step.
The Second line of each test case is N integer standing for the place of N mines. Each integer is in the range of [1, 100000000].
Each test case contains two lines.
The First line of each test case is N (1 ≤ N ≤ 10) and p (0.25 ≤ p ≤ 0.75) seperated by a single blank, standing for the number of mines and the probability to walk one step.
The Second line of each test case is N integer standing for the place of N mines. Each integer is in the range of [1, 100000000].
输出:
For each test case, output the probabilty in a single line with the precision to 7 digits after the decimal point.
样例输入:
1 0.5 2 2 0.5 2 4
样例输出:
0.5000000 0.2500000
解题代码:
//* @author: import java.util.*; public class Main{ public static void main(String args[]){ Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in); double p,p1,p2,p3; while (sc.hasNext()) { int n=sc.nextInt(); int a[]=new int[n+1]; p=sc.nextDouble(); for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) a[i]=sc.nextInt(); if (a[1]==1) {System.out.println("0.0000000");continue;} int now=1; p1=0;p2=1; for (int i=2;;i++) { p3=p2*p+(1-p)*p1; if (i==a[now]) { now++; if (now>n) break; p3=0; } if (Math.abs(p2-p3)< 1e-8&&Math.abs(p2-p1)<1e-8) i=a[now]-1; p1=p2;p2=p3; } System.out.printf("%.7f\n",p2*(1-p)); } } }
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This write-up presents the gentle in which we can notice the fact. this is extremely wonderful one and gives in depth info.
#pragma pack(2) 这个用法太坑爹
你好，这题给出的代码好像弄错了，这个是pow那道题目的解法
第一题还是比较考验智商~
刚开始学习，为啥会报错了，你试过了吗
受益匪浅！！
不错的代码！
else if也是要比较两次
很棒的网站，加油！⛽
很好。代码比书上的简练！
m /= i; 是一直在变的。参考这一篇关于质因数的http://www.acmerblog.com/integer-factorization-5124.html
51行错了，改为：void Union(struct subset subsets[], int x, int y)
wt[n - 1]没错，因为下标是[0...n-1]
原来欧几里德定理应用这么多


Avengers: Endgame writers explain why Thor survived as they avoided 'bloodbath'
Avengers: Endgame writers Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely have opened up about avoiding a ‘bloodbath’ and allowing Thor to live.
Well, someone had to.
After we tragically lost heroes including Tony Stark (Robert Downey Jr) and Black Widow (Scarlett Johansson), a tiny ray of hope was presented to mourning Marvel fans in the form of the survival of Thor (Chris Hemsworth) and Hawkeye (Jeremy Renner) among others.
Chatting about the surviving Avengers, Stephen explained: ‘We could have had a bloodbath and all six of them gone down swinging, but that seemed even more depressing.’
Um, no thank you.
Chatting about the surviving duo, he added: ‘It’s not necessarily that we knew they’d get more stories, it’s just that…Thor has sacrificed and sacrificed and lost and lost.
‘It’s not a good ending to kill him. To have him finally, reasonably content with himself—and with his current weight, by the way [is more satisfying].’
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He went on to tell Vanity Fair: ‘There’s a joy in letting him go off aimlessly into the ends of the universe. And Clint got his family back, and that’s something. That’s the whole reason he was doing it.’
Don’t get us all emotional again. We’ve still not fully recovered.
However, it’s been made clear that the fates of the heroes aren’t always set in stone, as casting director Sarah Finn previously revealed Black Widow was only meant to feature in one film.
And then Scarlett came along.
‘Maybe it would have just been in one or two films,’ Finn told The Hollywood Reporter.
‘But I think her take on the character was so compelling and thoughtful that it grew to where she’s really becoming a selfless leader, which is not where Natasha starts.’
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The character went on to become a beloved staple in the MCU, with Scarlett starring in her solo movie Black Widow, which is set for release in May 2020.
We’ll be needing it immediately, please.
Got a showbiz story?
If you've got a story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk Entertainment team by emailing us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you.


Contact If you have any questions or feedback, please use the contact form below.


|
SideCar
|
Statistics gathered for the children of a CollectionItem object. More...
#include </Users/howes/src/sidecar/GUI/Master/CollectionStats.h>
Public Types | |
| enum | Index { kLeafCount, kOKCount, kIdleCount, kActiveCount, kNotUsingDataCount, kPendingQueueCount, kCanRecordCount, kWillRecordCount, kIsRecordingCount, kRecordingQueueCount, kDropCount, kDupeCount, kNumStats } |
Public Member Functions | |
| void | clear () |
| CollectionStats & | operator+= (const CollectionStats &rhs) |
| size_t & | operator[] (Index index) |
| size_t | operator[] (Index index) const |
| size_t | getLeafCount () const |
| size_t | getCanRecordCount () const |
| size_t | getWillRecordCount () const |
| size_t | getIsRecordingCount () const |
| size_t | getOKCount () const |
| size_t | getFailureCount () const |
| size_t | getIdleCount () const |
| size_t | getActiveCount () const |
| size_t | getNotUsingDataCount () const |
| size_t | getPendingQueueCount () const |
| size_t | getRecordingQueueCount () const |
| size_t | getDropCount () const |
| size_t | getDupeCount () const |
| bool | isOK () const |
| IO::ProcessingState::Value | getProcessingState () const |
| void | setProcessingState (IO::ProcessingState::Value processingState) |
| const QString & | getError () const |
| void | setError (const QString &error) |
Statistics gathered for the children of a CollectionItem object.
Definition at line 16 of file CollectionStats.h.
Definition at line 20 of file CollectionStats.h.


New Themes
A list of themes and starters for JAMstack sites. We're the largest gallery of user submitted, open source themes for static site generators 🦖. This site is maintained with community contributions and with the kind support of stackbit.com.
A list of themes and starters for JAMstack sites.


Rock Paper Scissors Game
Waiting for P1 to enter a name...
Waiting for P2 to enter a name...
Rock
Paper
Scissors
Type Your Message!


{{ with .Site.Params.favicon }} {{ partial "structure/favicon.html" . }} {{ end }}
The page is missing or was never written. You can wait and see if it becomes available again, or you can restart your computer.
* Press CTRL+ALT+DEL to restart your computer. You will lose unsaved informations in any programs that are running.
Press any link to continue


Maine plans to expand syringe exchange program
PORTLAND, Maine (AP) - Maine plans to launch a $1.5 expansion of syringe exchanges to combat the surge in hepatitis C cases in the state.
The Maine Center for Disease Control says the state has had 51 acute cases in 2019 and is running a rate nearly three times the national average.
Director of the Maine CDC, Dr. Nirav Shah, says the cases of hepatitis C in Maine is “an unfortunate outcropping of the substance use crisis.”
Executive director of the Health Equity Alliance, Kenney Miller, says the long-term goal’s to have at least one syringe exchange in all 16 counties.
The Portland Press Herald reports there are currently exchange programs in Bangor, Ellsworth, Belfast, Machias, Portland, Augusta and Waterville.
Shah says increasing the number of exchanges is one of the top priorities of the Mills administration.
This story has been corrected to show there are 51 cases of acute hepatitis C diagnosed in Maine this year, not 59.
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Please read our comment policy before commenting.


---
layout: post
title: a kid uses umbrella to protect his family from
date: '2015-07-09T22:21:27+02:00'
tags:
- Instagram
- PhotoOfTheDay
tumblr_url: http://deepredsky.tumblr.com/post/123648647424/a-kid-uses-umbrella-to-protect-his-family-from
---
a kid uses umbrella to protect his family from rain in monsoon in Kathmandu, Nepal #photooftheday #nepal #rain #monsoon #kid


WITH XFAI, TRADING WILL NEVER HAVE TO REMAIN CENTRALIZED
XFai develops tooling by graphing the DeFi space to build game changing products to benefit users
XFai develops tooling by graphing the DeFi space to build game changing products to benefit users


I. Introduction
II. Basic elements of meteorological models
III. Applications to agriculture
- A. Global models
- B. Mesoscale models
- C. Microscale models
IV. Model-enhanced agroclimatic databases
V. Models as management tools
VI. Technology transfer to developing countries
VII. Summary


Joe Orton blazed a trail across the skies of the London thespian scene in the 1960s. His plays, specifically Entertaining Mr. Sloane, Loot, The Ruffian on the Stair and What the Butler Saw, were blistering, amoral commentaries on contemporary society, yet still have a vicious, gleeful sting to them. He was as overtly homosexual as one could be at the time, indulging in cottaging and trips abroad for sex. Margaret Ramsay, his agent, persuaded him to begin writing a memoir for posterity's sake; eight months later his long-suffering partner Kenneth Halliwell, having been prescribed drugs for depression, bludgeoned Joe to death and then committed suicide. The diaries, Halliwell wrote in his suicide note, would explain all.
What we learn primarily from these diaries is that Joe Orton had more than his fair share of bumsex, and a lot of it in Tangier. There's more bumsex than you can shake a stick at, and Orton shakes his a great deal.  Every bus or train journey, Orton overhears and dutifully reports some ridiculous conversation snippet. He can be vicious about the middle class, and the lack of respect for literary peers and ancestors shown by both Orton and Halliwell landed them in jail for defacing library books.
To be fair, along with his tempestuous relationship with Halliwell (both emotional and professional, as Halliwell suggests changes and new ideas) the diaries reveal almost in passing so much about Orton. Reading between the lines of dirty talk, it's clear that he was so angry that he had passed through inarticulation. He had honed a sharp, Swiftian knifeblade of comment that he then used to hack away at modern morality. He wrote quickly and keenly, revised just as quickly, and in the absence of the awful violence which did for him he'd probably still be writing now. I wonder what about. Bumsex, probably.


The 4D Nucleome Network aims to understand the principles behind the three-dimensional organization of the nucleus in space and time (the 4th dimension) and the role nuclear organization plays in gene expression and cellular function. The Network will utilize existing omics and imaging technologies as well as develop new ones to generate data and create resources to enable the study of the 4D Nucleome. More information about the 4D Nucleome program can be obtained at the 4DN portal and the NIH program website, which also lists the funded research centers.
The 4DN data portal is developed and managed by the 4D Nucleome Data Coordination and Integration Center (DCIC). Please address all questions and comments to support@4dnucleome.org.


Make good looking websites quckliy, all without a single line of custom css
Get the CourseWe will create beginnertailwind.com (it is the site your on now)
we will do it without single line of customs css
Tailwind makes writing CSS easier and lets us customize our designs faster than any other CSS framework. If you want a CSS framework that has pre-built components, then Tailwind may not be for you. If you want a CSS framework that lets you design quickly and customize your site, then Tailwind is gonna be a lot of fun.
After using Bulma to build
Scotch.io, my CSS files became littered with my own
!important
classes to override the framework's styles. Tailwind doesn't have
the
!important
problem since all our elements are designed on the fly.
Important Note: Tailwind lets us design quickly, but this doesn't mean that you don't need CSS knowledge however. To use Tailwind, you need to have a good understanding of CSS properties. In this course, we will learn Tailwind and we'll also learn CSS concepts to create good looking designs. Tailwind is the ultimate CSS shorthand, but we still need to learn the CSS, which we'll do in this course.
"This isn't just a Tailwind course. This is also a "learn how to design with CSS" course.
The hardest things about learning Tailwind is memorizing the classes and also knowing which classes go well together. We'll be writing a lot of Tailwind in this course so that the repetition will help us commit Tailwind classes to memory.
Hey there! My name is Chris on Code and I founded a web dev tutorial site Scotch.io. We were able to grow to 4M monthly pageviews and $300,000 yearly revenue. Scotch.io was acquired by DigitalOcean in November 2019. Nowadays I'm in search of the best ways to develop and design a business. Hope you enjoy this course and my other one MakeReactApps.com.
I have a Getting started with Tailwind article on scotch.io and a 15 minute starter YouTube video.


A flexible & stateless Select component for ReactJS with multiselect support
It's a lot like Selectize but for ReactJS. Developed by @furqanZafar. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, so do whatever you want with it!


--- layout: "blog_layout" web_title: "Tkinter Geometry Manager - more about Pack method" page_title: "Tkinter Geometry Manager - more about Pack method" video_link: "W3rwXOEyHRM" upload-date: April 9, 2018 author: "Harsh Patel" ---


gWidgets provides a toolkit-independent API for building interactive GUIs. At least one of the 'gWidgetsXXX packages', such as gWidgetstcltk, needs to be installed. Some icons are on loan from the scigraphica project http://scigraphica.sourceforge.net.
| Version: | 0.0-54 |
| Depends: | methods, utils |
| Suggests: | gWidgetstcltk |
| Published: | 2014-08-28 |
| Author: | John Verzani. Based on the iwidgets code of Simon Urbanek and suggestions by Simon Urbanek, Philippe Grosjean and Michael Lawrence |
| Maintainer: | John Verzani <jverzani at gmail.com> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| URL: | https://r-forge.r-project.org/R/?group_id=761 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | NEWS ChangeLog |
| CRAN checks: | gWidgets results |
| Reference manual: | gWidgets.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
addingToolkit gWidgets |
| Package source: | gWidgets_0.0-54.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: gWidgets_0.0-54.zip, r-release: gWidgets_0.0-54.zip, r-oldrel: gWidgets_0.0-54.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: gWidgets_0.0-54.tgz, r-oldrel: gWidgets_0.0-54.tgz |
| Old sources: | gWidgets archive |
| Reverse depends: | apt, BAYESDEF, bayesDem, CONS, dbConnect, DCM, fit4NM, gWidgetsRGtk2, gWidgetstcltk, melviewr, MetSizeR, nCal, NPMOD, NTsets, RenextGUI, reshapeGUI, rsgcc, tourrGui, traitr, WMCapacity |
| Reverse imports: | Blaunet, extremevalues, GrammR, metagear, MODIStsp, pcrsim, playwith, plfMA, QVM, R2STATS, relMix, Ricetl, RQDA, RSCABS, RunuranGUI, SeqGrapheR, stacomiR, StatCharrms, TR8, VIMGUI, vmsbase |
| Reverse suggests: | baseline, ENmisc, LifeTables, MixSIAR, ProgGUIinR, RGraphics, vegdata |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gWidgets to link to this page.


{{wiktionary|cake}}
A cake is a sweet, baked form of food.
Cake may also refer to: {{TOC right}}
{{Reflist}}
{{disambiguation}}


Sample Application for DataDog AppSec
Greeting at /hello, async greeting at /hello/async.
There is also a secret greeting
(requires login, default user: admin, password: admin123).
View/add posts
Datadog Java Agent Information
Problem<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Agent version<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Application Server<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Pack id<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Loaded rules:
([[${@appSecInfo.ruleNames.size()}]])
Vulnerabilities
User tracking
Current user: user name
Login:
Sign up:
File upload
Custom events
Misc


Update /etc/dumpdates file?
This option can only be enabled when backing up an entire filesystem. When enabled, the source filesystem device name, level, date and time of the backup will be recorded in human-readable form in /etc/dumpdates. There may be only one entry per filesystem at each level. This option is useful when using the dump -W command-line option to display the most recent dump date and level of each filesystem.


Place all your objects in a world which is rendered based on 2d camera transformation. So you can zoom & translate your world with any size (think of platformer, tilemap).
This world is a simple container so you can maintain other layers to render a HUD or menu on top of of your camera renderer world.
Camera use cases:


So we couldn't get our app done in time and missed the deadline. Too bad. It was buckets of fun tho, and we do hope somebody out there will find our app useful.
Give it a try. The source code for this app is freely available under the BSD license. Make sure you also check out our other open source efforts.
lets you capture an anonymous "show of hands" during a presentation.
create as many voting
options as you want,
hit 'create' and
that's it.


Thank you for taking the time to complete this form. Your responses will be used to help us improve the platform, and any feedback is very much appreciated.
Would you recommend freeCodeCamp to a friend?
What would you like to see improved? (Check all that apply)


Contact Information
- David Taylor Thaxton
- 1500 County Road 153
- Lexington, AL 356484
-<PHONE_NUMBER>
-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Education
- Bachelor of Education and Human Sciences
- University of North Alabama, Florence, AL
- Major: Secondary Education: Business & Marketing
- Minor: Computer Information Systems
- Overall GPA: 3.0/4.00
Work Experience
- Substitute Teacher for Limestone County Schools August 2017-Present
- Substitute Teacher for Lauderdale County Schools August 2012-Present
- Student Assistant Football Coach for Clements High School February 2017-Present
- Student Assistant Football Coach for Lexington High School August 2012-November 2016
Technical Skills
- Public Speaking
- Microsoft Applications
- Computer Programming
- Leadership Ability


Work Experience
January 2003-current:
Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, GR
Aug. 2001 - Sept. 2002:
Research Supervisor, Multimedia Communication Laboratory,
Bell Labs, Lucent Tech., Murray Hill, NJ
Sept. 1999 - May 2001:
Adjunct Assistant Professor,
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Columbia University, New York, NY
Feb. 1999 - Aug. 2001:
Technical Staff Member, Multimedia Communication Laboratory,
Bell Labs, Lucent Tech., Murray Hill, NJ
Dec. 1995 - Feb. 1999:
Senior Technical Staff Member, Speech and Image Processing Lab,
AT&T Labs, Florham Park, NJ
July 1993 - Dec. 1995:
Research Assistant,
Digital Signal Processing Lab,
Georgia Institute of Tech., Atlanta, GA
June 1994 - Sept 1994:
Member Technical Staff-Level I, Speech Research Department, AT&T Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ
July 1991 - June 1993:
Research Assistant,
Harvard Robotics Lab,
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
June 1987 - Sept 1988:
Summer Intern and Contractor, Center for Research, Testing and Standards, National Power Corporation, Peania, GR