MML File Structure¶
The MML File (we call it like that here because of its file extension .mml) is a YAML or JSON file containing layer definitions and stylesheet references. Thus, it is the central part of a CartoCSS stylesheet. If you generate Mapnik XML from a stylesheet this is the file you feed to carto and from which and its references the XML is produced.
If you wonder whether you should use YAML or JSON here is a bit of advice. Internally, JSON is used because it is a language that is easy to understand for machines. YAML is a superset of JSON and is easier to read and write for humans and is also less verbose. If you edit a stylesheet collaboratively and use version control YAML might make it easier to resolve version conflicts. But carto understands both forms.
Note
YAML makes it less tedious to specify repeating properties like database infos for PostGIS datasources or extents by using a language feature called anchors or aliases.
Properties Overview¶
What follows is an overview over properties a MML file can have. Simple ones are described here while more complex ones get their own section.
center¶
Type: Array
Specifies the center coordinates and zoom level of the map. Longitude, latitude and
zoom level in that order. Example (WGS84): [-1.28398, 47.08997, 17]
bounds¶
Type: Array
Defines a bounding box of the map extent. Lower left coordinates (longitude, latitude)
and upper right coordinates (longitude, latitude) in that order.
Example (WGS84): [-179, -80, 179, 80]
format¶
Type: Keyword
Possible values: png, jpeg, tiff, webp
Specifies the output format Mapnik should use. For more details see the Mapnik wiki page on Image IO.
Layer¶
Lists all layers in the project (see Layer property)
metatile¶
Type: Integer
Specifies the number of tiles that make up one side of a metatile. For example, if the number is 2 then the metatile is 2 tiles wide and tall and consists of 4 individual tiles. For efficiency reasons Mapnik generates metatiles before splitting them into individual tiles.
_properties¶
Type: Object
This is the same as the properties
property for layers on a global level with
a bit different structure. It is used when you do not specify the layers in the MML
itself but only reference them. This is used in vector tile styles where the style
and the data are separate.
Specify first the layer name and then below it specify its properties as you would
int the properties
property of the specific layer.
scale¶
Type: Integer
Specifies pixel scaling for the output. For example, a scale of 2 means that there are two pixels for each pixel in the output.
srs¶
Type: String
Specifies the projection used by Mapnik using the PROJ.4 format (SRS means Spatial reference system). The format can be determined by e.g. using spatialreference.org.
Stylesheet¶
Lists all styles or style files in the project (see Stylesheet property)
Layer property¶
Type: Array
Within this property layer objects are referenced that are the building blocks of the map style. The order of specification is important as it constitutes the drawing order of layers used by Mapnik. Layers specified first are drawn first and those specified later are drawn afterwards.
Layers have different properties and their data can come from different data sources such as shape files or relational databases like PostgreSQL/PostGIS.
A layer object can have the following properties.
class¶
Type: String
One or more classes associated with this layer separated by blanks. In style selectors
a class can be referenced by .classname
if class contains classname
.
Datasource¶
Mapnik supports different datasources. Within this property you specify the type of the datasource and additional properties depending on the type.
Not all possible configuration options for each datasource are listed here. For further information see the page for the datasource type on the Mapnik Wiki: e.g. PostGIS, PgRaster, ShapeFile, GDAL, OGR, OsmPlugin.
type¶
Type: Keyword
Possible values: shape, postgis, pgraster, raster, (gdal), (ogr), (osm)
Specifies the format of the data source. Types in parenthesis are not build by default according to the Mapnik Wiki.
band (gdal, pgraster)¶
Type: Integer
With this property you can request a specific raster band index (1-based). By specifying -1 (gdal) / 0 (pgraster) you request to read all bands.
encoding (ogr, postgis, shape)¶
Type: String
Specifies the encoding of the database or shapefile e.g. utf-8 or latin1.
extent (ogr, postgis, pgraster)¶
Type: String
Specifies the maximum extent of the geometries or raster data. Lower left coordinates (longitude, latitude) and upper right coordinates (longitude, latitude) in that order. By default this is deduced from the metadata of the table.
geometry_field (postgis)¶
Type: String
Specifies the name of the column that contains the geometry. Normally this will be deduced from the query but sometimes it can be necessary to specify it manually e.g. when there is more than one column with geometry.
layer_by_index (ogr)¶
Type: Integer
The index of the layer to display (mandatory if no layer name specified).
password (postgis, pgraster)¶
Type: String
Specifies the password for connecting to the PostgreSQL database.
raster_field (pgraster)¶
Type: String
Specifies the name of the column that contains the raster data. Normally this will be deduced from the query but sometimes it can be necessary to specify it manually e.g. when there is more than one column with raster data.
simplify_geometries (postgis)¶
Type: Boolean
Specify if input vertices should be automatically reduced or not.
table (postgis, pgraster)¶
Type: String
Either the name of the table to fetch or a sub query (...) AS queryname.
user (postgis, pgraster)¶
Type: String
Specifies the username for connecting to the PostgreSQL database.
extent¶
Type: Array
Defines a bounding box of the layer extent. Lower left coordinates (longitude, latitude)
and upper right coordinates (longitude, latitude) in that order.
Example (WGS84): [-179, -80, 179, 80]
geometry¶
Type: Keyword
Possible values: linestring, point, polygon, raster
Specifies the geometry type for (the datasource of) this layer.
id¶
Type: String
A unique identifier for this layer. In style selectors it can be referenced with
#layerid
if the id is layerid
.
properties¶
Type: Object
This property basically adds any sub-property as attribute to the Mapnik layer. So available values depend greatly on what Mapnik allows. Here is an (incomplete) list:
group-by¶
Type: String
Enables grouped rendering for Mapnik by specifying the field of the datasource that should be used for grouping. Mapnik then renders all styles of the layer for those features that have the same value for that field before moving on to other features that have different value.
status¶
Type: Integer
Specifies if the layer is active or not. 0 means inactive or off, 1 means active or on.
srs¶
Type: String
Specifies the projection for this layer using the PROJ.4 format (SRS means Spatial reference system). The format can be determined by e.g. using spatialreference.org.
Stylesheet property¶
Type: Array
You have two options to specify the styles. Either you reference MSS files or you specify style objects directly.
Referencing style files¶
Here you reference the style files used in an array of paths/file names. Carto understands relative as well as absolute paths. The order of style references is not important.
Specifying style objects¶
Internally style file references are transformed into style objects anyway, so you can also specify them directly. This only makes sense if you generate them programmatically otherwise the notation could become a bit tedious. You specify an array of style objects. The order of the objects is not important.
A style object consists of the following properties.
id¶
This is the identifier of the style object. When styles are being read from a style file this is usually the file name. The property is used when generating errors or warnings so it is advisable to set something recognizable here.
data¶
This contains the actually style in the form of a string.


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@Team Admin Hi guys, I am getting this error when doing ./balances curl: (7) Failed to connect to <IP_ADDRESS> port 7783: Connection refused
can anyone tell me what I did wrong?
1. The komodo wallet is running.
1. and we added via curl this line for ABP curl -s --url "http://<IP_ADDRESS>:5426" --data "{\"Test\":\"atomic\",\"method\":\"enable\",\"coin\":\"ABP\"}"
I was contacting @cipi support via e-mail, he told me to contact the support in Discord for this matter, and said I would get better help here.
Thanks Guys!
(edited)


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Wat Phra That Hariphunchai's earliest origins were in 897 when the then king of Hariphunchai is said to have
built a stupa (now the central stupa) to house a hair of the Buddha. The present compound, founded by
Hariphunchai King Athitayarai, dates from 1044.
The temple was first rebuilt in 1443 by King Tilokaraja of Lanna kingdom Chiang Mai. The temple's
pyramid-shaped Chedi Suwanna was built in 1418. In the 1930s temple renovations were made by the northern
Thai monk Khru Ba Sriwichai.
Situated in the heart of the town, WatPhra That Hariphunchai was built during the reign of King
Arthitayarat, a descendant of Queen Chamthewi some 800 years ago. One of itsmost noteworthy landmarks is the
46-meter tall golden Chedi or Buddhist stupa, whose present featuresare the result of careful restoration
work in 1443 by a Chiang Mai king. The temple has long been regarded as an important place of Buddhist
worship.
Other architectural works include the temple’s ancient-style brick arch, which is adorned with fine designs,
and the pair of sculptured lions at the door. There is also a square-shaped Chedi and a Khmer-style Buddha
statue.
Intha Yongyot Road , Nai Mueang Sub-District , Mueang District , Lamphun 51000
Wat Bandensali Si Mueang Kaen, also known as Wat Banden and formerly as Wat
Ribunrueang, is located in Inthakhin Subdistrict, Mae Taeng District, Chiang Mai. Surrounded by beautiful
landscapes, the temple stands prominently on top of a small hill and can be easily seen afar. Under the
small hill is a sacred cave the villagers pay their respect to; as a result, it is named “Wat Banden”. In
addition, on the temple’s ground there are lots of sacred fig trees, or Sali Trees, of various sizes.
Because the trees’ name, Sali, is considered auspicious, the temple was named after them. Apart from that,
since it is located in the area of an ancient town known as “Mueang Kaen”, the locals officially call it
“Wat Bandensali Si Mueang Kaen”. In 1804, Kruba Thueang Natsilo, a former abbot, had the temple renovated.
It then became more exquisite with Lanna-style architecture. The abbot intended to turn it into a beautiful
place of worship with religious teachings. This could attract more people to the temple so that they would
have a chance to learn about the religion. He also wanted to make the temple a place where people can find
their peace of mind rather than a venue for religious rituals. It is also a place for worshipping the stupas
of the twelve Chinese zodiacs. Its major structures include Ubosot, the main hall; Ho Trai, the scripture
hall; the drum tower; Wihan Sao Inthakhin, the sacred pillar shrine; the Lanna-style teak wood Kuti, a
monk’s house; the Wihan and the stupa. As Kruba Thueang was a good and well-behaved monk, people respected
him and make donations to support him turning the temple into an exquisite and magnificent place of worship.
Not so long after, it became widely known.
To get to the temple, take the same route as Mae Ngat Dam, the Chiang Mai-Samoeng or Chiang Mai-Fang tourist
route. Drive along the highway no. 107, past the Mae Malai Intersection until you reach Mae Taeng Town. Turn
right onto the route to Mae Ngat Dam. Drive along the road. After reaching a stadium, you will see Wat
Banden’s sign on the left side. Follow the sign, drive along the road about a kilometre and you will reach
Wat Bandensali Si Mueang Kaen. The temple is 30 kilometres away from the city of Chiang Mai.
Inthakin Sub-District , Mae Taeng District , Chiang Mai 50150
Wat Bua Kwan is an ancient temple from the era of King Rama V. Nowadays it is
the third grade royal temple
in Thailand.
Orginally, this temple was just a house of the priest. However, when the
number of monks started to
increase, it was transformed into a temple on 24th June 1892 named “Wat Sakae” initiated by Prakru
Preechachalerm from Wat Chalermprakiat Voraviharn and was also honoured as the first abbot. After that in
year 1948, Pra Atikarn Payoong Jattamalo from Wat Kampaeng was invited to be the abbot after the previous
abbot passed away. This temple has been restored since then until Mr.Bua Choonchiew donated a land to the
temple. Then, the temple’s name was changed to Wat Bua Kwan in order to honour the donator. This temple was
granted a royal temple on 24th June 1963 with Pra Payoong Jattamalo as the abbot until 1977, Pra Boonchuay
Poonyakootto as the abbot in 1992.
Pra Mahasawai Sukvaro, the abbot of Wat Bangpraeknhua, was the abbot of this
temple since 1994 and has
restored this temple and has supported the Dhamma studying in this temple. This temple was the first Dhamma
school of Nonthaburi province and also the place to practice Dhamma for Buddhism on holidays. Moreover, this
temple is always the host for Buddhist activities on important events.
Wat Bua Kwan was offered the third class royal temple on 29th June 2008 and on
14th December 2012, the abbot
of this temple was granted the position of the vice dean of Nonthaburi province.
Bang Khen Sub-District , Mueang District , Nonthaburi 11000
Statue of Queen Chamadevi is situated in Naimueang Sub-district. It is near
Nongdork public garden and far from the city hall about 1 km. It was built for commemoration of Queen
Chammadevi who is the first king of Hariphunchai. When the statue was completely constructed, it was placed
here at 5 September B.E.2525 and H.R.H. Crown prince came to open the statue at 2 October B.E.2525.
When you come here, you will see a brick sign telling you that you have
already arrived your destination.
Then, you will see the statue. Queen Chamadevi is standing elegantly. There is a legend said if you are not
lucky in love, come here and pray. Then, what you want will become true. After praying, you can enjoy a lot
of interesting things around here such as elephant statue, war horse statue and pictures showing history of
Hariphunchai. The first picture is the time when Queen Chamadevi ruled the city. The second is the picture
of King Atidtayarad and the origin of PhratadHariphunchai. Next, the picture tells a story of King Suppasit
and the faith in Buddhism. The fifth picture is the time when KingMungrai attacked the city. The attack
leads to next picture which shows that Hariphunchai is a part of Chiangmai. Another picture is the time when
Hariphunchai is the colony of Siam. The last one is the picture of the city that was merged into Siam and
became one of the cities in Thailand now.
In the past, Hariphunchai was built by Wasutep Hermit and Sukkatunda Hermit
but they want to continue
praying and do not want to rule the city. Therefore, after building, they look for an appropriate person to
rule the city instead of them. At that time, Queen Chamadevi,the daughter of King Lawo, is the most
appropriate one because she is a good, knowledgeable and brave person. Hence, those two hermits went to ask
her to rule the city. After ruling, in order to develop the city and spread Buddhism, she brought many
monks, philosophers, knowledgeable people in a variety fields and artists. This makes the city near Ping
river develop very fast in every way.
Nai Mueang Sub-District , Mueang District , Lamphun 51000
Phrommat Sub-District , Mueang District , Suphan Buri 15000
Wat Khae, which was mentioned in the Thai literary epic “Khun
Chang-KhunPhaen”, is home to a thousand year-old tamarind tree. In the story, it is believed that Master
Khong taught the art of magic to folkloric protagonist Khun Phaen, who then transformed tamarind leaves into
wasps and hornets to fight his enemies. Nearby the tree is “Khum Khun Phaen”, a traditional Thai house built
as part of a literature and historical conservation park.
The temple also houses special antiques such as replicas of the Lord Buddha’s
footprints called “Phra
Phutthabat Si Roi”. They comprise four footprints, each overlapping over the others. The footprints are made
from brass and measure 1.40 meters wide and 2.80 meters long. There is also a Buddha image seated in the
gesture of subduing Mara, clad in a robe decorated with beautiful flowers, originating from the Rattanakosin
period. Other antiques include a brass bell, a brass boiler for boiling robe dye, and a Thai-style bookcase,
which were donated in 1869 by King Rama V.
Rua Yai Sub-District , Mueang District , Suphan Buri 72000
Khlong Wan Sub-District , Mueang District , Prachuap Khiri Khan 77000
Wat Loi Kroh is a temple located on Loi Kroh Road 65. Although
the temple is on a tourist street, very few tourists visit Wat Loi Kroh. The temple has a very interesting
history though. It was constructed in the year 1456 (2000 B.E,) during the reign of King Kue Na, the 6th
king of the Mengrai Dynasty of the Lanna Kingdom . This was an Indianized state centered in present-day
Northern Thailand from the 13th to 18th centuries. Between 1558 and 1774 Chiang Mai was part of a Burmese
kingdom.
 The Burmese
occupation and years of warfare left Chiang Mai deserted and in ruins. In 1802 Prince Kawila paid homage to
the King of Siam and became the new ruler of Chiang Mai.
The rule of Kawila is known as the period of the reconstruction of Chiang Mai.
He started repopulating
Chiang Mai and Lamphun. This was the period of “gathering and putting vegetables into the basket and
gathering and relocating people into the town” (เก็บผักใส่ซ้าเก็บข้าใส่เมือง). While reconstructing Chiang
Mai and Lamphun, Kawila and his troops went around the neighbouring city-states in the region persuading and
forcibly convincing people to come and live in the two cities. In this way, Kawila was able to spread his
sovereignty over Chiang Tung, Chiang Rung, and various townships in Sibsong Panna, and a number of towns in
the Salween valley.
In 1804, Kawila retook Chiang Saen from the Konbaung dynasty, the last dynasty
that ruled Burma from 1752 to
1885. It is probably around that time that villagers from Ban Hom, a settlement near Chiang Saen migrated to
the Loi Kroh area and started reconstructing Wat Loi Kroh. Wat Loi Kroh features in our markets and silver
tours.
Loi Kroh Road , Phra Singha Sub-District , Mueang District , Chiang Mai 50100
Pak Nakhon Sub-District , Mueang District , Nakhon Si Thammarat 80000
Wat Phra Si Mahathat was built when Field Marshal Plaek Pibulsongkram was
Prime Minister. The Cabinet had agreed to build and name it as Democracy Temple. During the construction,
Rear Admiral Thawal Thamrong Navaswadhi went to India to ask for the Lord Buddha’s relics, five branches of
the Bhodi and some soil from the place where the Lord Buddha attained his enlightenment to keep in this
temple. Hence, the temple was later named as Wat Phra Si Mahathat.
The significant architecture is Phra Chedi Si Mahathat. There is a small chedi
keeping the Lord Buddha’s
relics. All along the wall are small spaces for keeping the ashes of benevolent people who have done good
for the country. The principal Buddha image, Phra Si Samphutthamuni in the subduing Mara gesture built
during the Sukhothai Period is located in the main chapel. The image was invited from Bowonsathan Mongkhon
Palace or the Front Palace.
149 , Phahonyothin Road , Khwaeng Anusawari , Bang Khen District , Bangkok 10220
Wat Phukhao Thong is located 2 kilometers northwest of the royal palace.
Khamhaikan Chao Krungkao (Testimony by the People from the Old Kingdom) manifested that Phrachao Bhureng
Noung of Hongsawadi commanded the construction of a gigantic Mon-style pagoda to commemorate his victory
after the successful siege of Ayutthaya. However, as the Burmese army returned to its home country, merely
the pagoda base was built. After Somdet Phra Naresuan Maharat declared the independence of Ayutthaya in
1584, he gave the royal command to superimpose a Thai-style pagoda on the large Mon-style base at Thung
Makham Yong. It can be said that the uniqueness of the pagoda is the combination of 2 architectural styles.
Formerly, Chedi Phukhao Thong is a massive pagoda towering in the middle of paddy fields and can be seen
from afar. Therefore, the temple adjacent to this pagoda was also given the similar name: Wat Phukhao Thong.
Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning collaborated with the Fine Arts Department to erect
the equestrian statue of King Naresuan in front of Wat Phukhao Thong. It is situated very close to Queen Sri
Suriyothai Monument which has been built earlier by Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning.
The area mainly features an open space of flood-plains and moulds, so it became major battlefields between
Thai and Burmese armies in both periods, including the fights on elephants’ backs.
It is unfortunate that the temple was abandoned after the 2nd collapse of Ayutthaya kingdom. However, Phra
Maha Chedi still maintains its religious significance, as mentioned in Nirat Phukhao Thong written by
Sunthorn Phu during the reign of King Rama III. Several visitors nowadays, likewise, go there for
veneration.
It is not until the year 1957 that monks are allowed to reside at the temple again.
Phukhao Thong Sub-District , Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District , Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 13000
Located on Sam Lan Road, Wat Phra Sing’s Wihan Lai Kham is home to Phra Phutthasihing, Chiang Mai’s most sacred, Chiang sean-style Buddha image. During the Songkran festival, every April 13-15, Phra Phutthasihing is carried in a parade procession around town so locals can bath the image with scented water, which brings good luck according to a traditional belief.
Sri Phum Sub-District , Mueang District , Chiang Mai 50200


The best way to experience and learn CakePHP is to sit down and build something. To start off we’ll build a simple bookmarking application.
This tutorial will walk you through the creation of a simple bookmarking application (bookmarker). To start with, we’ll be installing CakePHP, creating our database, and using the tools CakePHP provides to get our application up fast.
Here’s what you’ll need:
pdo_mysql
enabled in PHP.Before starting you should make sure that you have got an up to date PHP version:
php -v
You should at least have got installed PHP 5.6.0 (CLI) or higher. Your webserver’s PHP version must also be of 5.6.0 or higher, and should best be the same version your command line interface (CLI) PHP version is of. If you’d like to see the completed application, checkout cakephp/bookmarker. Let’s get started!
The easiest way to install CakePHP is to use Composer. Composer is a simple way of installing CakePHP from your terminal or command line prompt. First, you’ll need to download and install Composer if you haven’t done so already. If you have cURL installed, it’s as easy as running the following:
curl -s https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
Or, you can download composer.phar
from the
Composer website.
Then simply type the following line in your terminal from your installation directory to install the CakePHP application skeleton in the bookmarker directory:
php composer.phar create-project --prefer-dist cakephp/app bookmarker
If you downloaded and ran the Composer Windows Installer, then type the following line in your terminal from your installation directory (ie. C:\wamp\www\dev\cakephp3):
composer self-update && composer create-project --prefer-dist cakephp/app bookmarker
The advantage to using Composer is that it will automatically complete some important set up tasks, such as setting the correct file permissions and creating your config/app.php file for you.
There are other ways to install CakePHP. If you cannot or don’t want to use Composer, check out the Installation section.
Regardless of how you downloaded and installed CakePHP, once your set up is completed, your directory setup should look something like the following:
/bookmarker
/bin
/config
/logs
/plugins
/src
/tests
/tmp
/vendor
/webroot
.editorconfig
.gitignore
.htaccess
.travis.yml
composer.json
index.php
phpunit.xml.dist
README.md
Now might be a good time to learn a bit about how CakePHP’s directory structure works: check out the CakePHP Folder Structure section.
We can quickly check that our installation is correct, by checking the default home page. Before you can do that, you’ll need to start the development server:
bin/cake server
Note
For Windows, the command needs to be bin\cake server
(note the backslash).
This will start PHP’s built-in webserver on port 8765. Open up http://localhost:8765 in your web browser to see the welcome page. All the bullet points should be checkmarks other than CakePHP being able to connect to your database. If not, you may need to install additional PHP extensions, or set directory permissions.
Next, let’s set up the database for our bookmarking application. If you
haven’t already done so, create an empty database for use in this
tutorial, with a name of your choice, e.g. cake_bookmarks
. You can execute
the following SQL to create the necessary tables:
CREATE TABLE users (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
email VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
created DATETIME,
modified DATETIME
);
CREATE TABLE bookmarks (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
user_id INT NOT NULL,
title VARCHAR(50),
description TEXT,
url TEXT,
created DATETIME,
modified DATETIME,
FOREIGN KEY user_key (user_id) REFERENCES users(id)
);
CREATE TABLE tags (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
title VARCHAR(255),
created DATETIME,
modified DATETIME,
UNIQUE KEY (title)
);
CREATE TABLE bookmarks_tags (
bookmark_id INT NOT NULL,
tag_id INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (bookmark_id, tag_id),
FOREIGN KEY tag_key(tag_id) REFERENCES tags(id),
FOREIGN KEY bookmark_key(bookmark_id) REFERENCES bookmarks(id)
);
You may have noticed that the bookmarks_tags
table used a composite primary
key. CakePHP supports composite primary keys almost everywhere, making it easier
to build multi-tenanted applications.
The table and column names we used were not arbitrary. By using CakePHP’s naming conventions, we can leverage CakePHP better and avoid having to configure the framework. CakePHP is flexible enough to accommodate even inconsistent legacy database schemas, but adhering to the conventions will save you time.
Next, let’s tell CakePHP where our database is and how to connect to it. For many, this will be the first and last time you will need to configure anything.
The configuration should be pretty straightforward: just replace the
values in the Datasources.default
array in the config/app.php file
with those that apply to your setup. A sample completed configuration
array might look something like the following:
return [
// More configuration above.
'Datasources' => [
'default' => [
'className' => 'Cake\Database\Connection',
'driver' => 'Cake\Database\Driver\Mysql',
'persistent' => false,
'host' => 'localhost',
'username' => 'cakephp',
'password' => 'AngelF00dC4k3~',
'database' => 'cake_bookmarks',
'encoding' => 'utf8',
'timezone' => 'UTC',
'cacheMetadata' => true,
],
],
// More configuration below.
];
Once you’ve saved your config/app.php file, you should see that ‘CakePHP is able to connect to the database’ section have a checkmark.
Note
A copy of CakePHP’s default configuration file is found in config/app.default.php.
Because our database is following the CakePHP conventions, we can use the bake console application to quickly generate a basic application. In your command line run the following commands:
// On Windows you'll need to use bin\cake instead.
bin/cake bake all users
bin/cake bake all bookmarks
bin/cake bake all tags
This will generate the controllers, models, views, their corresponding test cases, and fixtures for our users, bookmarks and tags resources. If you’ve stopped your server, restart it and go to http://localhost:8765/bookmarks.
You should see a basic but functional application providing data access to your application’s database tables. Once you’re at the list of bookmarks, add a few users, bookmarks, and tags.
Note
If you see a Not Found (404) page, confirm that the Apache mod_rewrite module is loaded.
When you created your users (by visiting http://localhost:8765/users), you probably noticed that the passwords were stored in plain text. This is pretty bad from a security point of view, so let’s get that fixed.
This is also a good time to talk about the model layer in CakePHP. In CakePHP,
we separate the methods that operate on a collection of objects, and a single
object into different classes. Methods that operate on the collection of
entities are put in the Table
class, while features belonging to a single
record are put on the Entity
class.
For example, password hashing is done on the individual record, so we’ll implement this behavior on the entity object. Because, we want to hash the password each time it is set, we’ll use a mutator/setter method. CakePHP will call convention based setter methods any time a property is set in one of your entities. Let’s add a setter for the password. In src/Model/Entity/User.php add the following:
namespace App\Model\Entity;
use Cake\Auth\DefaultPasswordHasher; //include this line
use Cake\ORM\Entity;
class User extends Entity
{
// Code from bake.
protected function _setPassword($value)
{
$hasher = new DefaultPasswordHasher();
return $hasher->hash($value);
}
}
Now update one of the users you created earlier, if you change their password, you should see a hashed password instead of the original value on the list or view pages. CakePHP hashes passwords with bcrypt by default. You can also use sha1 or md5 if you’re working with an existing database.
Note
If the password doesn’t get hashed, make sure you followed the same case for the password member of the class while naming the setter function
Now that we’re storing passwords safely, we can build out some more interesting features in our application. Once you’ve amassed a collection of bookmarks, it is helpful to be able to search through them by tag. Next we’ll implement a route, controller action, and finder method to search through bookmarks by tag.
Ideally, we’d have a URL that looks like http://localhost:8765/bookmarks/tagged/funny/cat/gifs. This would let us find all the bookmarks that have the ‘funny’, ‘cat’ or ‘gifs’ tags. Before we can implement this, we’ll add a new route. Your config/routes.php should look like:
<?php
use Cake\Routing\Route\DashedRoute;
use Cake\Routing\Router;
Router::defaultRouteClass(DashedRoute::class);
// New route we're adding for our tagged action.
// The trailing `*` tells CakePHP that this action has
// passed parameters.
Router::scope(
'/bookmarks',
['controller' => 'Bookmarks'],
function ($routes) {
$routes->connect('/tagged/*', ['action' => 'tags']);
}
);
Router::scope('/', function ($routes) {
// Connect the default home and /pages/* routes.
$routes->connect('/', [
'controller' => 'Pages',
'action' => 'display', 'home'
]);
$routes->connect('/pages/*', [
'controller' => 'Pages',
'action' => 'display'
]);
// Connect the conventions based default routes.
$routes->fallbacks();
});
The above defines a new ‘route’ which connects the /bookmarks/tagged/ path,
to BookmarksController::tags()
. By defining routes, you can isolate how your
URLs look, from how they are implemented. If we were to visit
http://localhost:8765/bookmarks/tagged, we would see a helpful error page
from CakePHP informing you that the controller action does not exist. Let’s
implement that missing method now. In src/Controller/BookmarksController.php
add the following:
public function tags()
{
// The 'pass' key is provided by CakePHP and contains all
// the passed URL path segments in the request.
$tags = $this->request->getParam('pass');
// Use the BookmarksTable to find tagged bookmarks.
$bookmarks = $this->Bookmarks->find('tagged', [
'tags' => $tags
]);
// Pass variables into the view template context.
$this->set([
'bookmarks' => $bookmarks,
'tags' => $tags
]);
}
To access other parts of the request data, consult the Request section.
In CakePHP we like to keep our controller actions slim, and put most of our
application’s logic in the models. If you were to visit the
/bookmarks/tagged URL now you would see an error that the findTagged()
method has not been implemented yet, so let’s do that. In
src/Model/Table/BookmarksTable.php add the following:
// The $query argument is a query builder instance.
// The $options array will contain the 'tags' option we passed
// to find('tagged') in our controller action.
public function findTagged(Query $query, array $options)
{
$bookmarks = $this->find()
->select(['id', 'url', 'title', 'description']);
if (empty($options['tags'])) {
$bookmarks
->leftJoinWith('Tags')
->where(['Tags.title IS' => null]);
} else {
$bookmarks
->innerJoinWith('Tags')
->where(['Tags.title IN ' => $options['tags']]);
}
return $bookmarks->group(['Bookmarks.id']);
}
We just implemented a custom finder method. This is
a very powerful concept in CakePHP that allows you to package up re-usable
queries. Finder methods always get a Query Builder object and an
array of options as parameters. Finders can manipulate the query and add any
required conditions or criteria. When complete, finder methods must return
a modified query object. In our finder we’ve leveraged the innerJoinWith()
,
where()
and group()
methods which allow us to find distinct bookmarks
that have a matching tag. When no tags are provided we use a
leftJoinWith()
and modify the ‘where’ condition, finding bookmarks without
tags.
Now if you visit the /bookmarks/tagged URL, CakePHP will show an error
letting you know that you have not made a view file. Next, let’s build the
view file for our tags()
action. In src/Template/Bookmarks/tags.ctp
put the following content:

Bookmarks tagged with
<?= $this->Text->toList(h($tags)) ?>

<?php foreach ($bookmarks as $bookmark): ?>

<?= $this->Html->link($bookmark->title, $bookmark->url) ?>

<?= h($bookmark->url) ?>

<?= $this->Text->autoParagraph(h($bookmark->description)) ?>

<?php endforeach; ?>

In the above code we use the Html and
Text helpers to assist in generating our view output. We
also use the h
shortcut function to HTML encode output. You should
remember to always use h()
when outputting user data to prevent HTML
injection issues.
The tags.ctp file we just created follows the CakePHP conventions for view template files. The convention is to have the template use the lower case and underscored version of the controller action name.
You may notice that we were able to use the $tags
and $bookmarks
variables in our view. When we use the set()
method in our controller, we
set specific variables to be sent to the view. The view will make all passed
variables available in the templates as local variables.
You should now be able to visit the /bookmarks/tagged/funny URL and see all the bookmarks tagged with ‘funny’.
So far, we’ve created a basic application to manage bookmarks, tags and users. However, everyone can see everyone else’s tags. In the next chapter, we’ll implement authentication and restrict the visible bookmarks to only those that belong to the current user.
Now continue to Bookmarker Tutorial Part 2 to continue building your application or dive into the documentation to learn more about what CakePHP can do for you.
After finishing the first part of this tutorial you should have a very basic bookmarking application. In this chapter we’ll be adding authentication and restricting the bookmarks each user can see/modify to only the ones they own.
In CakePHP, authentication is handled by Components. Components can be thought of as ways to create reusable chunks of controller code related to a specific feature or concept. Components can also hook into the controller’s event life-cycle and interact with your application that way. To get started, we’ll add the AuthComponent to our application. We’ll pretty much want every method to require authentication, so we’ll add AuthComponent in our AppController:
// In src/Controller/AppController.php
namespace App\Controller;
use Cake\Controller\Controller;
class AppController extends Controller
{
public function initialize()
{
$this->loadComponent('Flash');
$this->loadComponent('Auth', [
'authenticate' => [
'Form' => [
'fields' => [
'username' => 'email',
'password' => 'password'
]
]
],
'loginAction' => [
'controller' => 'Users',
'action' => 'login'
],
'unauthorizedRedirect' => $this->referer() // If unauthorized, return them to page they were just on
]);
// Allow the display action so our pages controller
// continues to work.
$this->Auth->allow(['display']);
}
}
We’ve just told CakePHP that we want to load the Flash
and Auth
components. In addition, we’ve customized the configuration of AuthComponent, as
our users table uses email
as the username. Now, if you go to any URL you’ll
be kicked to /users/login, which will show an error page as we have
not written that code yet. So let’s create the login action:
// In src/Controller/UsersController.php
public function login()
{
if ($this->request->is('post')) {
$user = $this->Auth->identify();
if ($user) {
$this->Auth->setUser($user);
return $this->redirect($this->Auth->redirectUrl());
}
$this->Flash->error('Your username or password is incorrect.');
}
}
And in src/Template/Users/login.ctp add the following:

Login

<?= $this->Form->create() ?>
<?= $this->Form->control('email') ?>
<?= $this->Form->control('password') ?>
<?= $this->Form->button('Login') ?>
<?= $this->Form->end() ?>
Note
The control()
method is available since 3.4. For prior versions you can
use the input()
method instead.
Now that we have a simple login form, we should be able to log in with one of the users that has a hashed password.
Note
If none of your users have hashed passwords, comment the
loadComponent('Auth')
line. Then go and edit the user,
saving a new password for them.
Now that people can log in, you’ll probably want to provide a way to log out as
well. Again, in the UsersController
, add the following code:
public function initialize()
{
parent::initialize();
$this->Auth->allow(['logout']);
}
public function logout()
{
$this->Flash->success('You are now logged out.');
return $this->redirect($this->Auth->logout());
}
This code whitelists the logout
action as a public action, and implements
the logout method. Now you can visit /users/logout
to log out. You should
then be sent to the login page.
If you aren’t logged in and you try to visit /users/add you will be kicked
to the login page. We should fix that as we want to allow people to sign up for
our application. In the UsersController
add the following:
public function initialize()
{
parent::initialize();
// Add the 'add' action to the allowed actions list.
$this->Auth->allow(['logout', 'add']);
}
The above tells AuthComponent
that the add()
action does not require
authentication or authorization. You may want to take the time to clean up the
Users/add.ctp and remove the misleading links, or continue on to the next
section. We won’t be building out user editing, viewing or listing in this
tutorial so they will not work as AuthComponent
will deny you access to those
controller actions.
Now that users can log in, we’ll want to limit the bookmarks they can see to the
ones they made. We’ll do this using an ‘authorization’ adapter. Since our
requirements are pretty simple, we can write some simple code in our
BookmarksController
. But before we do that, we’ll want to tell the
AuthComponent how our application is going to authorize actions. In your
AppController
add the following:
public function isAuthorized($user)
{
return false;
}
Also, add the following to the configuration for Auth
in your
AppController
:
'authorize' => 'Controller',
Your initialize()
method should now look like:
public function initialize()
{
$this->loadComponent('Flash');
$this->loadComponent('Auth', [
'authorize'=> 'Controller',//added this line
'authenticate' => [
'Form' => [
'fields' => [
'username' => 'email',
'password' => 'password'
]
]
],
'loginAction' => [
'controller' => 'Users',
'action' => 'login'
],
'unauthorizedRedirect' => $this->referer()
]);
// Allow the display action so our pages controller
// continues to work.
$this->Auth->allow(['display']);
}
We’ll default to denying access, and incrementally grant access where it makes
sense. First, we’ll add the authorization logic for bookmarks. In your
BookmarksController
add the following:
public function isAuthorized($user)
{
$action = $this->request->getParam('action');
// The add and index actions are always allowed.
if (in_array($action, ['index', 'add', 'tags'])) {
return true;
}
// All other actions require an id.
if (!$this->request->getParam('pass.0')) {
return false;
}
// Check that the bookmark belongs to the current user.
$id = $this->request->getParam('pass.0');
$bookmark = $this->Bookmarks->get($id);
if ($bookmark->user_id == $user['id']) {
return true;
}
return parent::isAuthorized($user);
}
Now if you try to view, edit or delete a bookmark that does not belong to you, you should be redirected back to the page you came from. If no error message is displayed, add the following to your layout:
// In src/Template/Layout/default.ctp
<?= $this->Flash->render() ?>
You should now see the authorization error messages.
While view and delete are working, edit, add and index have a few problems:
Let’s tackle the add form first. To begin with remove the control('user_id')
from src/Template/Bookmarks/add.ctp. With that removed, we’ll also update
the add()
action from src/Controller/BookmarksController.php to look
like:
public function add()
{
$bookmark = $this->Bookmarks->newEntity();
if ($this->request->is('post')) {
$bookmark = $this->Bookmarks->patchEntity($bookmark, $this->request->getData());
$bookmark->user_id = $this->Auth->user('id');
if ($this->Bookmarks->save($bookmark)) {
$this->Flash->success('The bookmark has been saved.');
return $this->redirect(['action' => 'index']);
}
$this->Flash->error('The bookmark could not be saved. Please, try again.');
}
$tags = $this->Bookmarks->Tags->find('list');
$this->set(compact('bookmark', 'tags'));
$this->set('_serialize', ['bookmark']);
}
By setting the entity property with the session data, we remove any possibility
of the user modifying which user a bookmark is for. We’ll do the same for the
edit form and action. Your edit()
action from
src/Controller/BookmarksController.php should look like:
public function edit($id = null)
{
$bookmark = $this->Bookmarks->get($id, [
'contain' => ['Tags']
]);
if ($this->request->is(['patch', 'post', 'put'])) {
$bookmark = $this->Bookmarks->patchEntity($bookmark, $this->request->getData());
$bookmark->user_id = $this->Auth->user('id');
if ($this->Bookmarks->save($bookmark)) {
$this->Flash->success('The bookmark has been saved.');
return $this->redirect(['action' => 'index']);
}
$this->Flash->error('The bookmark could not be saved. Please, try again.');
}
$tags = $this->Bookmarks->Tags->find('list');
$this->set(compact('bookmark', 'tags'));
$this->set('_serialize', ['bookmark']);
}
Now, we only need to show bookmarks for the currently logged in user. We can do
that by updating the call to paginate()
. Make your index()
action from
src/Controller/BookmarksController.php look like:
public function index()
{
$this->paginate = [
'conditions' => [
'Bookmarks.user_id' => $this->Auth->user('id'),
]
];
$this->set('bookmarks', $this->paginate($this->Bookmarks));
$this->set('_serialize', ['bookmarks']);
}
We should also update the tags()
action and the related finder method, but
we’ll leave that as an exercise you can complete on your own.
Right now, adding new tags is a difficult process, as the TagsController
disallows all access. Instead of allowing access, we can improve the tag
selection UI by using a comma separated text field. This will let us give
a better experience to our users, and use some more great features in the ORM.
Because we’ll want a simple way to access the formatted tags for an entity, we can add a virtual/computed field to the entity. In src/Model/Entity/Bookmark.php add the following:
use Cake\Collection\Collection;
protected function _getTagString()
{
if (isset($this->_properties['tag_string'])) {
return $this->_properties['tag_string'];
}
if (empty($this->tags)) {
return '';
}
$tags = new Collection($this->tags);
$str = $tags->reduce(function ($string, $tag) {
return $string . $tag->title . ', ';
}, '');
return trim($str, ', ');
}
This will let us access the $bookmark->tag_string
computed property. We’ll
use this property in controls later on. Remember to add the tag_string
property to the _accessible
list in your entity, as we’ll want to ‘save’ it
later on.
In src/Model/Entity/Bookmark.php add the tag_string
to $_accessible
this way:
protected $_accessible = [
'user_id' => true,
'title' => true,
'description' => true,
'url' => true,
'user' => true,
'tags' => true,
'tag_string' => true,
];
With the entity updated we can add a new control for our tags. In
src/Template/Bookmarks/add.ctp and src/Template/Bookmarks/edit.ctp,
replace the existing tags._ids
control with the following:
echo $this->Form->control('tag_string', ['type' => 'text']);
Now that we can view existing tags as a string, we’ll want to save that data as
well. Because we marked the tag_string
as accessible, the ORM will copy that
data from the request into our entity. We can use a beforeSave()
hook method
to parse the tag string and find/build the related entities. Add the following
to src/Model/Table/BookmarksTable.php:
public function beforeSave($event, $entity, $options)
{
if ($entity->tag_string) {
$entity->tags = $this->_buildTags($entity->tag_string);
}
}
protected function _buildTags($tagString)
{
// Trim tags
$newTags = array_map('trim', explode(',', $tagString));
// Remove all empty tags
$newTags = array_filter($newTags);
// Reduce duplicated tags
$newTags = array_unique($newTags);
$out = [];
$query = $this->Tags->find()
->where(['Tags.title IN' => $newTags]);
// Remove existing tags from the list of new tags.
foreach ($query->extract('title') as $existing) {
$index = array_search($existing, $newTags);
if ($index !== false) {
unset($newTags[$index]);
}
}
// Add existing tags.
foreach ($query as $tag) {
$out[] = $tag;
}
// Add new tags.
foreach ($newTags as $tag) {
$out[] = $this->Tags->newEntity(['title' => $tag]);
}
return $out;
}
While this code is a bit more complicated than what we’ve done so far, it helps to showcase how powerful the ORM in CakePHP is. You can manipulate query results using the Collections methods, and handle scenarios where you are creating entities on the fly with ease.
We’ve expanded our bookmarking application to handle authentication and basic authorization/access control scenarios. We’ve also added some nice UX improvements by leveraging the FormHelper and ORM capabilities.
Thanks for taking the time to explore CakePHP. Next, you can complete the Blog Tutorial, learn more about the Database Access & ORM, or you can peruse the Using CakePHP.


Setup
We begin by setting up a Flask app with a Flask-SQLAlchemy database. To use Flask-Download-Btn, we create a DownloadBtnManager
and a DownloadBtn
model. Write the following code in app.py
.
from flask_download_btn import DownloadBtnManager, DownloadBtnMixin
from flask import Flask, render_template, session
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from sqlalchemy.ext.orderinglist import ordering_list
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'secret'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///:memory:'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
# initialize download button manager with application and database
download_btn_manager = DownloadBtnManager(app, db=db)
# create download button model and register it with the manager
@DownloadBtnManager.register
class DownloadBtn(DownloadBtnMixin, db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
# LATER: HANDLE FORM AND CREATE FILE FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS GO HERE
# LATER: FUNCTION MODEL DEFINED HERE
# create the database and clear the session when the app starts
@app.before_first_request
def before_first_request():
db.create_all()
session.clear()
# DOWNLOAD URLS GO HERE
# VIEW FUNCTIONS GO HERE
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
Next, pick two download URLs, or use mine.
HELLO_WORLD_URL = 'https://test-bucket2357.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/hello_world.txt'
HELLO_MOON_URL = 'https://test-bucket2357.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/hello_moon.txt'
Now create a Jinja template in your templates
folder. The template must:
- Include Bootstrap CSS and Javascript
- Include the download button script
- Render the download button and progress bar
<html>
<head>
<!-- include Bootstrap CSS and Javascript -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
<script<EMAIL_ADDRESS><script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<!-- include download button script -->
{{ download_btn.script() }}
</head>
<body>
<!-- render the download button and progress bar -->
{{ download_btn.btn.render() }}
{{ download_btn.render_progress() }}
</body>
</html>
Our folder structure looks like:
templates/
index.html
app.py


This demo demonstrates the power of using a WebWorker to exceute blocking tasks.
In this demonstration we will do 3 million iterations of a prime number algorithm.
The first option will do this without a WebWorker, and will cause the UI thread of this tab to block for a few seconds.
The second option will do the exact same thing, but in a separate thread using a WebWorker compiled with ClosureWorker.
Notice this clock. It will freeze when the first option is running, but not with the second.


Next: standard-class, Previous: built-in-class, Up: Types and Classes Dictionary
structure-class, class,
standard-object,
t
All classes defined by means of defstruct are instances of the class structure-class.


Across: 1. Developed green to become blue colour (5) 4. Boiling billy ... cup for everyone (8) 9. Lured north in nasty deceit (7) 10. Place with established republican group (7) 11,12. Mister 1 across's inspiration: TV movie drama where mood turned strangely sad before finally ray of light (8 6) 14. Fraud who a xenophobe embraces (4) 15. Branch of physics with liquid nitrogen cycles lent out (10) 18. Practicing what might need to be done when body taken to wrong grave? (10) 19. Plays a gallant part in drama (4) 22. One becomes really close in Disney production of "Emerald City" (6) 24. Ape movie with first couple given up to hot love in fragrant harbour city (4 4) 26,27. Mister 1 across sought just half of one in 8 5 14 - it's a good look (7 7) 28. Criminal said avarice was different (9) 29. Long time agreement restricted a king (5) Down: 1. Spread money with somewhat fiendish ends (7) 2. Alternative physician's hot spa toe treatment (9) 3. Most delightful exotic scent captivating one (6) 4. Physician treating toe problem with hot spa to rid it (10) 5. Explosive organic smell followed by physician (4) 6. Spoils lung, dies horribly (8) 7. Strangely ingrained acceptance of being dishonest (5) 8. Without odds equal, no team's carrier thought to have 5 on 12 from 22 to 24 (6) 13. Like a duvet, perhaps, obtained from the network (10) 16. Lover returning in heat (aroma 3!) (9) 17. Taking a punt with damaged gear in vital part of aeroplane (8) 18. Picked up money in rush (7) 20. Months of gold rushes (7) 21. Leaders of open gave in, leaving veritably youthful Aussie golfer with a major victory (6) 23. Strangely sold on large figures (5) 25. At heart, wanted first bit of 17 (4)


We would like to thank to our developers Phillipp Häusle and Thibault Gerrier for their
implementation support.
Tyrolean Tourism Knowledge Graph (27M+ facts per crawl from 7 different sources)
MindLab (in progress)
DACH-KG (in progress)
We get the data from various (mostly) propriatery sources, typically in JSON or XML format
Then, we map them to schema.org
The generated RDF data feeds the knowledge graphs and websites as semantic annotations
We needed a scalable mapping solution
We looked around, made some preliminary tests and found RML very suitable for this task
But soon we faced some challenges due to our uses cases, so we decided to implement a new mapper
[{
"name":"Gschwandtkopflifte",
"type":"SkiResort",
"contactDetails":[
{
"address":{
"street":"Gschwandtkopf 700",
"postcode":"6100",
"city":"Seefeld",
"type":"Office"
}
},
{
"address":{
"street":"Gschwandtkopf 702",
"postcode":"6100",
"city":"Seefeld",
"type":"Lifte"
}
}
]
}]
Only XML and JSON as source format (CSV support is coming)
No Named Graphs
No JOIN Support
Only javascript functions
The language tag can be given to the mapper as an option and this tag is then attached to all mapped string literals
Particularly useful for data from the tourism sector
All applicable tests passed.
Implementing joins affected the performance drastically.
So we did some optimizations...
rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.com/resource/student_{ID}";
rr:class <http://example.com/ontology/Student>;
];
rr:predicateObjectMap [
rr:predicate foaf:name ;
rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "Name" ];
] ;
rr:predicateObjectMap [
rr:predicate <http://example.com/ontology/practises> ;
rr:objectMap [
a rr:RefObjectMap ;
rr:parentTriplesMap <TriplesMap2>;
rr:joinCondition [
rr:child "Sport" ;
rr:parent "ID" ;
]
];
];
* Currently, there is an issue with blank node naming due to the jsonld library.
Thank you for your attention!
We are looking forward to new cooperation with the Knowledge Graph community!


GOP Rep. Peter King Won’t Seek Reelection in 2020
(AP) —New York Rep. Peter King announced Monday he will not seek reelection in 2020.
by Breitbart NewsThe 14-term Republican congressman said in a Facebook post that his commute was a main factor in his decision, saying he wants “flexibility to spend more time” with his children and grandchildren.
“The prime reason for my decision was that after 28 years of spending 4 days a week in Washington, D.C., it is time to end the weekly commute and be home in Seaford,” he wrote in the post.
He’s represented parts of Long Island since 1993 and is the longest-serving Republican member of New York’s congressional delegation.
He has cultivated a reputation for bipartisanship while maintaining a hard line on immigration and crime — winning issues in New York’s 2nd Congressional District, which covers suburban Long Island about an hour’s drive east of Manhattan.
King, 75, is the former chair of the House Homeland Security Committee.
At least 20 House Republicans have announced they will not seek reelection. Three other GOP lawmakers have resigned.


Domestic Shipments
- Economy - 5 to 7 business days from product availability
- Ground - up to 4 business days from product availability
- 2nd Day - up to 2 business days from product availability
- Standard Overnight - 1 business day from product availability
International Shipments
- International Economy - Typically 7 to 15 business days from product availability (depending on country)
- International Priority - Typically 5 to 7 business days from product availability (depending on country)
- International Mail - 3 to 4 weeks from product availability
- Canada Economy - 5 to 10 business days from product availability
- Australia Economy - 7 to 15 business days from product availability
- UK Economy - 7 to 15 business days from product availability
*Transit times do not include order processing times*
All items with current product availability will ship within 1-3 business days. However, all custom print items will take 3-5 business day to process. For example, if you choose expedited shipping of 2nd Day Air shipping - assume 3 to 5 business days to produce your order plus 2 business days for shipping. Custom Banners and non-inventory specialty items will ship within 7-10 days.
Same day shipping is available for in-stock non-customized products using expedited shipping service (Standard Overnight or 2Day) only if your order is placed by 12:00 noon CST.
If an item(s) is not available at the time your order is shipped, the item(s) will be removed from your order and the remainder of your order will ship. Please allow 1-3 days for order processing. We will send you an email notification upon shipment referencing those items that were shipped, as well as those item(s) removed. The amount originally authorized on your payment will be adjusted accordingly to only reflect those item(s) shipped.
Please call our support team to check on product availability and/or status of your order.
Yes, but only the U.S. Postal Service can deliver to a P.O. Box. UPS and FedEx cannot deliver packages to P.O. Boxes.
There is a limit of one “ship to” address per order.
Expedited (Overnight and 2-Day delivery) shipments are delivered Monday through Friday ONLY and is dependent upon product availability and order process time on customized items. Overnight Orders placed by NOON CST Friday will arrive on MONDAY. 2-Day Air Orders placed by NOON CST Friday will arrive Tuesday. Please be certain to give a physical ship to address (no P.O. boxes) for expedited shipments..
FedEx International Mail is a service that FedEx provides to ship internationally using the local postal service.
A FedEx courier will pick up your order and take it to a FedEx mail sorting facility. The postal agency sorts, stamps and transports your mail directly to the appropriate foreign postal authorities. The foreign postal authorities deliver your mail.
Yes, please use any address that can accept postal mail. If your destination cannot accept mail, then you will need to use your PO Box or another FedEx service.
Please allow 3-5 business days to process your order then 3-4 weeks for delivery. With any postal service, weather and customs may delay your order further. Use FedEx International Mail to send materials that are less time sensitive than those you would ship using FedEx shipping services.
No, since your order will be shipped via the postal service, there will not be any tracking information.


this may take a few moments ...Your request is being processed ... please wait ... refreshing this page will delay your booking.


Introduction
This page describes bug reporting and other activities that can be taken using issue tracker.
A GitHub account is required for using issue tracker.
Bug report
If you found a bug in Simone and you would like to report it, please adhere to the following guidelines:
- Describe bug in most details possible.
- Provide a reduced test case.
- Provide names of failing tests, if that's the case.
- Provide your browser name and version, preferably user agent string.
- Give names of all CSS and Javascript libraries you run along Simone, if any.
- Give names of all browser plugins relevant to page rendering, if any.
- Provide any information about unusual configuration of your device, if any. Are you running Wine? Do you have screen reader installed? Those sorts of things.
- If you can provide a patch, make a pull request, and don't create a separate issue.
Reduced test case
Reduced test case is minimal amount of code that is required to reproduce a bug. Using websites like JSFiddle or CodePen, write a proof that bug your reporting really occurs, then attach it to bug report. Although it's not required to do so, it's likely to speed things up when it comes to bug fixing.
Related resource:
Feature request
Feature requests are welcomed.
Check the roadmap to see if feature you want to request isn't already planned.
Before creating a issue on issue tracker, search existing open issues to check if you're request isn't already requested. If it is, drop your ideas and support into open issue.
There is no promise that any of the requests will be implemented.
Discussions
There are cases when discussions your changes and ideas first can be beneficial. You can become sure your changes won't get rejected, and the general direction you want to go with your changes does not conflict with this project's vision written down in roadmap.
Please discuss your changes in the following cases:
- When you're planning to contribute a major portion of code.
- When you would like to contribute a new demo.
- When you're planning to add feature from the roadmap. Someone can be already working on it, in which case you could coordinate your efforts.
- When you want to describe your experience with plugin itself and the documentation, and tell about what you've been missing.
- When you're done a custom skin and would like to share the experience and tell about the obstacle you've overcome.
- And especially when you would like to add a feature that is not currently planned.
If you're not the kind of chatty person, you can just go ahead and do a pull request. Be aware however that even well written and thoughtfully tested code might get rejected if it against the general direction written down in roadmap. So it's always best to talk first.


View page over: HTTP - HTTPS
Several examples of passive mixed content. When viewed over HTTPS most browsers do not block this content but instead display warnings in the JavaScript console.


Tinkerbell program
`Prev `__
T
`Next `__
--------------
**Tinkerbell program**: n.
[Great Britain] A monitoring program used to scan incoming network calls
and generate alerts when calls are received from particular sites, or
when logins are attempted using certain IDs. Named after ‘Project
Tinkerbell’, an experimental phone-tapping program developed by British
Telecom in the early 1980s.
--------------
+-------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+
| `Prev `__ | `Up <../T.html>`__ | `Next `__ |
+-------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+
| TINC | `Home <../index.html>`__ | TINLC |
+-------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+


AP Top 25: Georgia edges past Alabama to No. 4; OU up to 8
by RALPH D. RUSSO, AP College Football WriterGeorgia edged past Alabama to No. 4 in The Associated Press college football poll after the Bulldogs had a quality road victory and the Crimson Tide lost star quarterback Tua Tagovailoa for the season.
LSU remained No. 1 in the AP Top 25 presented by Regions Bank, receiving 54 first-places votes. No. 2 Ohio State (five first-place votes) and No. 3 Clemson (three first-place votes) maintained their spots. Georgia moved up one place after winning 21-14 at Auburn.
The Crimson Tide beat Mississippi State 38-7 on Saturday, but Tagovailoa dislocated his right hip while being tackled late in the second quarter and is done for the year. Alabama fell a spot to fifth.
Minnesota and Baylor both lost for the first time and dropped in the rankings. The 11th-ranked Gophers slipped four spots after losing at Iowa. No. 13 Baylor dropped one after blowing a 28-3 lead at home to Oklahoma.
Iowa jumped four to No. 19 and Oklahoma moved up two spots to No. 8.
POLL POINTS
There is more separation at the top of college football this season than last. At this point in 2018, the AP Top 25 had:
- Four unbeaten teams.
- Eight one-loss teams.
- Three two-loss teams.
- Eight three-loss teams.
- Two four-loss teams.
The latest poll has:
- Three unbeaten teams.
- 13 one-loss teams.
- Four two-loss teams.
- Five three-loss teams.
TOP-FIVE TIDE
Alabama extended its record for consecutive weeks in the top five of the AP poll to 67, dating back to Nov. 8, 2015. The second-longest streak of top-five appearances is Miami, which had 55 from Oct. 8, 2000-Oct. 26, 2003.
Breakdown of the streak:
- No. 1 - 49.
- No. 2 - 12.
- No. 3 - 2.
- No. 4 - 2.
- No. 5 - 2.
IN
- No. 23 Appalachian State moved into the rankings for the second time this season.
- No. 24 Texas A&M returned to the Top 25. The Aggies started the season in No. 12, but losses to Clemson, Auburn and Alabama dropped them out. A&M has won four straight.
- No. 25 Virginia Tech is ranked for the first time this season. It has been quite a bounce-back for the Hokies, who suffered their worst home loss in decades against Duke in September but have won five of six since.
OUT
- Navy was bounced after being routed at Notre Dame.
- Texas fell out of the rankings again after a last-second loss to Iowa State.
- Indiana lasted one week in the rankings after a 25-year absence. The Hoosiers lost at Penn State.
CONFERENCE CALL
Big Ten - 6 (Nos. 2, 9, 11, 12, 14, 19).
SEC - 6 (Nos. 1, 4, 5, 10, 16, 24).
American - 3 (Nos. 17, 18, 21).
Big 12 - 3 (Nos. 8, 13, 22).
ACC - 2 (Nos. 3, 25).
Pac 12 - 2 (Nos. 6, 7).
Mountain West - 1 (No. 20).
Sun Belt - 1 (No. 23).
Independent - 1 (No. 15).
RANKED vs. RANKED
No. 9 Penn State at No. 2 Ohio State. The Buckeyes have been rolling, but they still have their heaviest lifting to do.
No. 24 Texas A&M at No. 4 Georgia. The Aggies are positioned to complicate things in the SEC, with the Bulldogs this week and LSU next.
___
Follow Ralph D. Russo at https://twitter.com/ralphDrussoAP and listen at http://www.westwoodonepodcasts.com/pods/ap-top-25-college-football-podcast/
___
More AP college football: https://apnews.com/APTop25CollegeFootballPoll and https://apnews.com/Collegefootball and https://twitter.com/AP_Top25
Copyright 2019 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


Anyone can add a website to the open web, but the insides of
websites are closed. Statebus is an extension
to the web architecture that defines a standard protocol for
the insides of websites. This architecture both makes it
easier to develop the internals of a website, while simultaneously
making it easy to share the internals with other websites.
Caption:
Before the web, people could connect to monolith networks like
Aol, Compuserve and Prodigy. Each had a proprietary protocol. To
contribute to the monolith, you needed special permission.
Monoliths did not link to one another.
On the web, every page has a URL, and can link to any other
page. Websites add value to one another by linking to each other.
But they can only link to pages: the presentation of the
underlying data in a database; the surface of the websites.
Statebus opens the insides of websites. Each piece of
state has a URL. A website's state can derive from other websites.


Dear Sir, I am Sam Aluko, former special adviser on Petroleum matters to the late Head of State of Government of Nigeria Gen. Sani Abacha. Because of my strategic position in the former Government and also being a close confidant of the late Head of State, I was able to acquire personally the sum of $50,000,000.00 USD ( fifty million United States Dollars only) presently lodged in a Security Deposit in Europe. I made this money largely through "CONSULTANCY FEE" and Good Faith Fees" paid by foreign Oil companies prior to Allocation of Deep Water Oil Blocs and other Lifting/prospecting Right. Nigeria is the 6th largest Producer/Exporter of Crude Oil in the World. As you are probably aware of the fact that Nigeria is prone to Military coups and the resultant Political/Economic Instability has fueled hyper Inflation, amongst other problems. I have therefore resolved to invest my money abroad, preferable in Real Estate Properties and Importation of Goods from your country for safety and optimum returns on Investment. However the, present civilian administration of President Olusegun Obasanjo has placed a restriction of movement on every member of the cabinet of the past military government. This is as a result of the panel of inquiry slated to investigate most of the atrocities perpetrated by the late former head of state. This means that I cannot travel out now till the panel conclude its investigations which only God knows when that would be. Straight transfer of this money into a bank abroad will present two major problems one, the tax incidence will be too high, as much as 60% of this money will go up in Taxes, Levies, Penalties etc. as a result of Government deliberate restrictions on flight of capital Abroad. However arrangement have been put in place for you to receive this money from a trust worthy security Deposit Company in Europe. As soon as you indicate your interest. I will send to you the security Code number, certificate of deposit number and airway bill number of the Deposit that will serve as the onus of proof to enable you claim the Money, which is tagged, Diplomatic Luggage. All I now need is an honest partner who can receive the money on my behalf and help me to invest as aforementioned. There is absolutely no risk involved in this transaction, as the money will be delivered to you in United States Dollars Bills. If you are interested in assisting me, please send to me by email immediately your preferred contact address where you can be reached at any time, upon receipt of the money, you are to lodge this money in a bank account and contact me for necessary arrangements for the investment of the funds. For your help and assistance in this deal, you will be entitled to 25% of this money in cash or Equity if you wish to join the proposed company. Finally you are to please urgently send to me through the required contact address that include your telephone and fax number), so that I can instruct the West side Deposit Company to go ahead with the transfer to you Best regards, Sam Aluko ------------------------------------------------------------ http://Game.37.com/ <--- Free Games http://newJoke.com/ <--- J O K E S ! ! !


How's the weather?
Search for a city:
🔍
It's a beautiful day in paradise!
Search a city for the current weather
Make sure to check the 5-day forecast and plan ahead!
Atlanta
Chicago
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5-Day Forecast
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©Copyright 2020 Andrew Siegel


{include file="../../../application/admin/view/public/head" /} {include file="../../../application/admin/view/public/editor" flag="vod_editor"/}


Getting Help #
Having a Question? #
The Apache Flink community answers many user questions every day. You can search for answers and advice in the archives or reach out to the community for help and guidance.
User Mailing List #
Many Flink users, contributors, and committers are subscribed to Flink’s user mailing list. The user mailing list is a very good place to ask for help.
Before posting to the mailing list, you can search the mailing list archives for email threads that discuss issues related to yours on the following websites.
If you’d like to post to the mailing list, you need to
- subscribe to the mailing list by sending an email to
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>, - confirm the subscription by replying to the confirmation email, and
- send your email to
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
Please note that you won’t receive a response to your mail if you are not subscribed.
Slack #
You can join the Apache Flink community on Slack. After creating an account in Slack, don’t forget to introduce yourself in #introductions. Due to Slack limitations the invite link expires after 100 invites. If it is expired, please reach out to the Dev mailing list. Any existing Slack member can also invite anyone else to join.
Stack Overflow #
Many members of the Flink community are active on Stack Overflow. You can search for questions and answers or post your questions using the [apache-flink] tag.
Found a Bug? #
If you observe an unexpected behavior that might be caused by a bug, you can search for reported bugs or file a bug report in Flink’s JIRA.
If you are unsure whether the unexpected behavior happened due to a bug or not, please post a question to the user mailing list.
Got an Error Message? #
Identifying the cause for an error message can be challenging. In the following, we list the most common error messages and explain how to handle them.
I have a NotSerializableException. #
Flink uses Java serialization to distribute copies of the application logic (the functions and operations you implement, as well as the program configuration, etc.) to the parallel worker processes. Because of that, all functions that you pass to the API must be serializable, as defined by java.io.Serializable.
If your function is an anonymous inner class, consider the following:
- make the function a standalone class, or a static inner class.
- use a Java 8 lambda function.
Is your function is already a static class, check the fields that you assign when you create an instance of the class. One of the fields most likely holds a non-serializable type.
- In Java, use a
RichFunction
and initialize the problematic fields in theopen()
method. - In Scala, you can often simply use “lazy val” to defer initialization until the distributed execution happens. This may come at a minor performance cost. You can naturally also use a
RichFunction
in Scala.
Using the Scala API, I get an error about implicit values and evidence parameters. #
This error means that the implicit value for the type information could not be provided.
Make sure that you have an import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.scala._
(DataStream API) or an
import org.apache.flink.api.scala._
(DataSet API) statement in your code.
If you are using Flink operations inside functions or classes that take generic parameters, then a TypeInformation must be available for that parameter. This can be achieved by using a context bound:
def myFunction[T: TypeInformation](input: DataSet[T]): DataSet[Seq[T]] = {
input.reduceGroup( i => i.toSeq )
}
See Type Extraction and Serialization for an in-depth discussion of how Flink handles types.
I see a ClassCastException: X cannot be cast to X. #
When you see an exception in the style com.foo.X
cannot be cast to com.foo.X
(or cannot be assigned to com.foo.X
), it means that
multiple versions of the class com.foo.X
have been loaded by different class loaders, and types of that class are attempted to be assigned to each other.
The reason for that can be:
-
Class duplication through
child-first
classloading. That is an intended mechanism to allow users to use different versions of the same dependencies that Flink uses. However, if different copies of these classes move between Flink’s core and the user application code, such an exception can occur. To verify that this is the reason, try settingclassloader.resolve-order: parent-first
in the configuration. If that makes the error disappear, please write to the mailing list to check if that may be a bug. -
Caching of classes from different execution attempts, for example by utilities like Guava’s Interners, or Avro’s Schema cache. Try to not use interners, or reduce the scope of the interner/cache to make sure a new cache is created whenever a new task execution is started.
I have an AbstractMethodError or NoSuchFieldError. #
Such errors typically indicate a mix-up in some dependency version. That means a different version of a dependency (a library) is loaded during the execution compared to the version that code was compiled against.
From Flink 1.4.0 on, dependencies in your application JAR file may have different versions compared to dependencies used
by Flink’s core, or other dependencies in the classpath (for example from Hadoop). That requires child-first
classloading
to be activated, which is the default.
If you see these problems in Flink 1.4+, one of the following may be true:
- You have a dependency version conflict within your application code. Make sure all your dependency versions are consistent.
- You are conflicting with a library that Flink cannot support via
child-first
classloading. Currently these are the Scala standard library classes, as well as Flink’s own classes, logging APIs, and any Hadoop core classes.
My DataStream application produces no output, even though events are going in. #
If your DataStream application uses Event Time, check that your watermarks get updated. If no watermarks are produced, event time windows might never trigger, and the application would produce no results.
You can check in Flink’s web UI (watermarks section) whether watermarks are making progress.
I see an exception reporting “Insufficient number of network buffers”. #
If you run Flink with a very high parallelism, you may need to increase the number of network buffers.
By default, Flink takes 10% of the JVM heap size for network buffers, with a minimum of 64MB and a maximum of 1GB.
You can adjust all these values via taskmanager.network.memory.fraction
, taskmanager.network.memory.min
, and
taskmanager.network.memory.max
.
Please refer to the Configuration Reference for details.
My job fails with various exceptions from the HDFS/Hadoop code. What can I do? #
The most common cause for that is that the Hadoop version in Flink’s classpath is different than the Hadoop version of the cluster you want to connect to (HDFS / YARN).
The easiest way to fix that is to pick a Hadoop-free Flink version and simply export the Hadoop path and classpath from the cluster.


Base class for all SOAP client factories of Ads client libraries.
Located in /common/src/Google/Api/Ads/Common/Lib/SoapClientFactory.php (line 40)
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AdWordsSoapClientFactory | Factory class for SOAP clients for the AdWords API. |
The constructor called by any sub-class.
Initiates a require_once for the service.
Generates the SOAP service client without the proper headers set yet.
Generates a SOAP client for the given service name. Generates a user level error if this instalation of PHP does not have the extension for SOAP installed.
Gets the product name associated with this factory.
Gets the server associated with this factory.
Gets the end-point location of the service.
Gets the version associated with this factory.
Documentation generated by phpDocumentor 1.4.4


Gradient tells us about the steepness of a slope. Most slopes are not uniform, so we look at the average gradient of the slope from top to bottom, rather than the small sections in between.
Gradient is expressed as a ratio of height:distance (rise:run). In the photograph above, the rise to run ratio is 1 : 1. This is a very steep slope – for every metre you go up, you only travel 1 metre across.
In the photograph above, however, there is no incline along the rocky platform so the rise to run ratio is 0:1. Depending on the gradient, slopes can be described as being gentle, moderate, steep or very steep.
On topographic maps it is best to calculate rather than estimate gradient. We use the following formula:
Vertical distance (VD):Horizontal distance (HD)
The VD is obtained by calculating the difference in height between two points. On a topographic map, this value will always be in metres. (Do not round off altitude values of spot heights!)
The HD between the two points has to be measured on the map and then converted to metres before it can be used in the formula. Remember the scale on topographic maps is 1 : 50 000; this means 1 cm on the map is equal to 500 m on the ground.
Example:
Gradient = VD:HD
VD = 205,7 m
HD = 5,6 cm = 5,6 × 0,5 = 2,8 km = 2 800 m
205,7 : 2 800
1 : 13,61 (Round off to the second decimal place)
This is a moderate to gentle slope.


Six Premier League title races to offer Manchester City hope in their bid to overturn nine-point deficit
by Michael SearlesIt may only be the 13th round of the Premier League season, but Manchester City’s clash with Chelsea on Saturday evening has almost become a must-win game following the champions’ defeat to title rivals Liverpool last time.
The Reds’ 3-1 win at Anfield a fortnight ago extended their lead over fourth-placed City to nine points, while closest challenger Chelsea and Leicester are eight points off the top on 26 points apiece.
Read more: Mourinho must improve Tottenham’s attack and arrest Kane’s waning club form
It is rare that such a deficit is overturned and City’s crown already feels as though it is beginning to slip, but it is not unprecedented in the Premier League era.
1992-93
Tipped for relegation, Norwich City were surprise leaders heading into December in the Premier League’s inaugural season.
They beat Wimbledon 2-1 to extend go eight points clear before a winless run of six games over Christmas and New Year saw them pegged back.
The Canaries would finish third, two points behind Aston Villa and 12 behind Manchester United.
1995-96
The most memorable of collapses, thanks in large part to Newcastle manager Kevin Keegan’s fate-tempting “I would love it if we beat them – love it” post-match rant.
Keegan’s men had stormed into a 12-point lead in January with 15 games to go and still held an eight-point advantage over United at the end of February.
But a run of five defeats in eight games until April led to one of the biggest chokes in top-flight history, as United won 13 of their final 15 games.
Even still, Newcastle were in contention on the final day but ultimately lost by four points.
1997-98
In Arsene Wenger’s first full season in English football, Arsenal trailed Sir Alex Ferguson’s side by 11 points with nine games to go.
The Gunners had three games in hand, however, won them all and beat United 1-0 at Old Trafford. It proved to be the difference as they pipped the champions by a single point.
2002-03
This time it was Arsenal who blew a lead and once again it was United hunting them down.
The Gunners were eight points clear in March but United went on an 18-game unbeaten run and Arsenal’s penultimate matchday defeat to Leeds sent the trophy back to Manchester.
It wouldn’t take Arsenal long to pick themselves up, though, as they went on their famed 49-game unbeaten run soon after.
2011-12
This title race is remembered for going down to the final seconds of the season as a last-minute Sergio Aguero winner against Queens Park Rangers sealed City’s first top-flight crown in 44 years.
But the contest had seemed all but over with eight games to go when United opened up an eight-point gap.
Defeats against relegation-threatened Wigan and away to City saw United waste the chance to claim a fifth title in six seasons.
2013-14
The most recent significant comeback was also produced by City as they chased down Liverpool’s nine-point advantage.
Reds captain Steven Gerrard infamously led to a costly defeat to Chelsea before they capitulated in their penultimate game against Crystal Palace, surrendering a 3-0 lead with 11 minutes to go – and handing City a second title in three years.
Read more: Mateo Kovacic has flourished in Chelsea’s midfield this season
Comebacks of the magnitude City now require are rare, then, although they are possible – particularly, it seems, when a side from Manchester is involved.
Defeat this weekend against Chelsea, however, would likely leave them 12 points adrift of Liverpool, a deficit that has only been overturned once before.


This feature is deprecated. Although it's still fully functional you should rather use new Roles feature to set permissions.
{{'New permission' | translate}}
{{'Check user permissions' | translate}}
{{$select.selected.id}}
No permissions for user.
| Has right to |
|
{{humanizeAccess(permission.access.value)}}
{{humanizeScope(permission.scope.value)}}
{{'with' | translate}}
{{humanizeFragment(permission.type)}}
{{'fragment' | translate}}
|
{{'Granted permission' |translate}}
| User |
Permissions |
|
|
{{userPermission.source.id}}
|
{{translatePermission(permission)}}
|
|
| Group |
Permissions |
|
|
{{groupPermission.source.name}}
|
{{translatePermission(permission)}}
|
|


Definition: A series of activities for a firm operating in a specific industry. Products pass through all activities of the chain in order, and at each activity the product gains some value.
Interview Tip When presented with a case study covering a new industry/product/service that you are not familiar with, then it can be helpful to start by thinking of all the activities that comprise the value chain behind this product.


In the beginning websites were static
Like this1993 - CGI protocol
1995 - PHP
Dynamic sites with server rendering2000 - XMLHttpRequest added to IE for Outlook Web Access application
by 2006 XMLHttpRequest is standardized, supported by all major browsers
Single page application (SPA)UI libraries with module system and helpers
Exploring different approaches of connecting data with DOM
Angular was winning the popularity contest
Appeared in 2013, featuring
Initially was criticized for embedding HTML in JS
Was adopted for performance
Later one-way binding was appreciated
Many frameworks (Angular 2, Ember 2) borrowed those ideas


| 1105 | (A) | Efter proferde thaym peese for pete þat he hade |
| 1109 | (C) | Thanne he profered hem pece . for pyte þat he hedde |
| 1091 | (D) | And þan profreth he pees for pite þat he had |
| 1072 | (E) | & þan thei preyde hym of pees . for pyte of his sowle |
| 64 | (Ex) | . . . that he hadde |
| 1129 | (L) | after profreþ pes for pyte þat he hadde |
| 1041 | (P) | A fter pro fer þaim . . . |
| 1081 | (U) | And then profres hem pees / for pite that he had |
| 170 | (V) | After propheres hem pees . for pitee þat he hadde |


Module core.path
The Path class.
The path class is a structure which represents a path (ordered set of nodes) from a start location to a goal.
An instance from this class would be a result of a request addressed to Pathfinder:getPath
.
This module is internally used by the library on purpose. It should normally not be used explicitely, yet it remains fully accessible.
Class Path
| Path:new () | Inits a new path . |
| Path:iter () | Iterates on each single node along a path . |
| Path:nodes () | Iterates on each single node along a path . |
| Path:getLength () | Evaluates the path length |
| Path:addNode (node [, index]) | Counts the number of steps. |
| Path:fill () | Path filling modifier. |
| Path:filter () | Path compression modifier. |
Class Path
The Path class.This class is callable. Therefore,_
Path(...)
acts as a shortcut to Path:new(...)
.
- Path:new ()
-
Inits a new path .
Returns:
Usage:
local p = Path()
- Path:iter ()
-
Iterates on each single node along a path . At each step of iteration,
returns the node plus a count value. Aliased as Path:nodes
Returns:
see also:
Usage:
for node, count in p:iter() do ... end
- Path:nodes ()
-
Iterates on each single node along a path . At each step of iteration,
returns a node plus a count value. Alias for Path:iter
Returns:
see also:
Usage:
for node, count in p:nodes() do ... end
- Path:getLength ()
-
Evaluates the path length
Returns:
-
number
the path length
Usage:
local len = p:getLength()
- Path:addNode (node [, index])
-
Counts the number of steps.
Returns the number of waypoints (nodes) in the current path.
Parameters:
- node node a node to be added to the path
- index int the index at which the node will be inserted. If omitted, the node will be appended after the last node in the path.
Returns:
Usage:
local nSteps = p:countSteps()
- Path:fill ()
-
Path filling modifier. Interpolates between non contiguous nodes along a path
to build a fully continuous path . This maybe useful when using search algorithms such as Jump Point Search.
Does the opposite of Path:filter
Returns:
see also:
Usage:
p:fill()
- Path:filter ()
-
Path compression modifier. Given a path , eliminates useless nodes to return a lighter path
consisting of straight moves. Does the opposite of Path:fillReturns:
see also:
Usage:
p:filter()


website - www.sdcs.co.nz
phone - +64 2 123 4567
email -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Enter your Name:
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A datatype object has to be committed before it can be used in a communication. As an argument in datatype constructors, uncommitted and also committed datatypes can be used. There is no need to commit basic datatypes. They are ``pre-committed.''
| MPI_TYPE_COMMIT(datatype) | |
| INOUT datatype | datatype that is committed (handle) |
int MPI_Type_commit(MPI_Datatype *datatype)
MPI_TYPE_COMMIT(DATATYPE, IERROR)
INTEGER DATATYPE, IERROR
void MPI::Datatype::Commit()
The commit operation commits the datatype, that is, the formal description of
a communication buffer, not the content of that buffer. Thus, after a datatype
has been committed, it can be repeatedly reused to communicate the changing
content
of a buffer or, indeed, the content of different buffers, with different
starting addresses.
Advice
to implementors.
The system may ``compile'' at commit time an internal
representation for the datatype that facilitates
communication, e.g.
change from a compacted representation to a flat representation of the
datatype, and select the most convenient transfer mechanism.
( End of advice to implementors.)
MPI_TYPE_COMMIT
will accept a committed datatype;
in this case, it is equivalent to a no-op.
Example
The following code fragment gives examples of using
MPI_TYPE_COMMIT.
INTEGER type1, type2 CALL MPI_TYPE_CONTIGUOUS(5, MPI_REAL, type1, ierr) ! new type object created CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT(type1, ierr) ! now type1 can be used for communication type2 = type1 ! type2 can be used for communication ! (it is a handle to same object as type1) CALL MPI_TYPE_VECTOR(3, 5, 4, MPI_REAL, type1, ierr) ! new uncommitted type object created CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT(type1, ierr) ! now type1 can be used anew for communication
| MPI_TYPE_FREE(datatype) | |
| INOUT datatype | datatype that is freed (handle) |
int MPI_Type_free(MPI_Datatype *datatype)
MPI_TYPE_FREE(DATATYPE, IERROR)
INTEGER DATATYPE, IERROR
void MPI::Datatype::Free()
Marks the datatype object associated with datatype for
deallocation and sets datatype to MPI_DATATYPE_NULL.
Any communication that is currently using this datatype will complete
normally.
Freeing a datatype does not affect any other datatype that was
built from the freed datatype. The system behaves as if
input datatype arguments to derived datatype constructors are passed by value.
Advice
to implementors.
The implementation may keep a reference count of active communications
that use the datatype, in order to decide when to free it.
Also, one may implement constructors of derived datatypes so that they keep
pointers to their datatype arguments, rather then copying them. In this
case, one needs to keep track of active datatype definition references in order
to know when a datatype object can be freed.
( End of advice to implementors.)


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04. The Scale-Free Property¶
Contents¶
- 04.01. Introduction
- 04.02. Power Laws and Scale-Free Networks
- 04.03. Hubs
- 04.04. The Meaning of Scale-Free
- 04.05. Universality
- 04.06. Ultra-Small Property
- 04.07. The Role of the Degree Exponent
- 04.08. Generating Networks with Arbitrary Degree Distribution
- 04.09. Summary
- 04.10. Homework
- 04.11. Advanced Topic 3.A Power Laws
- 04.12. Advanced Topic 3.B Plotting Power-laws
- 04.13. Advanced Topic 3.C Estimating the Degree Exponent
- 04.14. Bibliography
04.01. Introduction¶
scale-free vs. random network
- highly connected; hubs forbidden vs. small-degree, few hubs w/ large number of links
scale-free network
04.02. Power Laws and Scale-Free Networks¶
fig.4.2 indicates
eq.4.1: power law dist
degree exponent
depends linealy on
- ,
out-degree , in-degree
and
e.g., ,
scale-free (Barabási, A.L., Albert R., 1999) defined as:
A scale-free network is a network whose degree distribution follows a power law
04.02.01. Discrete Formalism¶
prob , links
constant is determined by the normalization cond
using eq.4.5,
hence
for , the discrete power-law dist:
04.02.02. Continuum Formalism¶
using normalization condition
eq.4.9
obtain
randamly chosen node has degree
Box 04.01. The 80/20 Rule and the Top One Percent¶
04.03. Hubs¶
high- region of
- for small , power law is above the Poisson fn
- for in the vicinity of ,
- for large ,
prob (node with )
in Poisson dist
in power law
if WWW be random network w/ , size
04.03.01. The Largest Hub¶
WWW is estimated to be nodes
Earth;s population about
human cell genes
maximum degree natural cutoff of the degree dist
exponential dist
minimum degree
∵
eq.4.15 provide
is :
eq.4.16 yields
04.04. The Meaning of Scale-Free¶
th moment of the degree distribution is def'd as
lower moments:
- : 1st moment is average
-
: 2nd moment, ,
- calculate variance
- standard deviation
- : 3rd moment, , determine skewness of distribution: how symmetric is around the average
for scale-free network
while is fixed, increases w the system size
- if , ,
- if ,
many scale-free netw ,
,
- Random netw have a scale
in range
- Scale-free netw lack a scale
power-law degreee dist w
1st moment: finite
2nd moment: infinite
e.g., WWW sample
,
04.05. Universality¶
04.05.01. Plotting the Degree Distribution¶
log-log plot
04.05.02. Measuring the Degree Exponent¶
04.05.03. The Shape of for Real Networks¶
Box 04.02. Timeline: Scale-Free Networks¶
Box 04.03. Not All Network Are Scale-Free¶
NOT all real networks are scale-free
- atoms in cystalline / amorphpus matrials
- neural network of C. elegans (Amaral, L.A.N., et al., 2000)
- power grid
04.06. Ultra-Small Property¶
hubs affect the small world property?
average distance ,
system size ,
degree exponent
04.06.01. Anomalous Regime ()¶
according to eq.4.18 for
04.06.02. Ultra-Small World ()¶
eq.4.22


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**bit**: n.
[from the mainstream meaning and “Binary digIT”]
1. [techspeak] The unit of information; the amount of information
obtained from knowing the answer to a yes-or-no question for which the
two outcomes are equally probable.
2. [techspeak] A computational quantity that can take on one of two
values, such as true and false or 0 and 1.
3. A mental flag: a reminder that something should be done eventually.
“I have a bit set for you.” (I haven't seen you for a while, and I'm
supposed to tell or ask you something.)
4. More generally, a (possibly incorrect) mental state of belief. “I
have a bit set that says that you were the last guy to hack on EMACS.”
(Meaning “I think you were the last guy to hack on EMACS, and what I am
about to say is predicated on this, so please stop me if this isn't
true.”) “I just need one bit from you” is a polite way of indicating
that you intend only a short interruption for a question that can
presumably be answered yes or no.
A bit is said to be set if its value is true or 1, and reset or clear if
its value is false or 0. One speaks of setting and clearing bits. To
`*toggle* <../T/toggle.html>`__ or invert a bit is to change it, either
from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0. See also `*flag* <../F/flag.html>`__,
`*trit* <../T/trit.html>`__, `*mode bit* <../M/mode-bit.html>`__.
The term bit first appeared in print in the computer-science sense in a
1948 paper by information theorist Claude Shannon, and was there
credited to the early computer scientist John Tukey (who also seems to
have coined the term software). Tukey records that bit evolved over a
lunch table as a handier alternative to bigit or binit, at a conference
in the winter of 1943-44.
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