Grammar InheritanceObject-oriented programming languages such as C++ and Java allow you to define a new object as it differs from an existing object, which provides a number of benefits. "Programming by difference" saves development/testing time and future changes to the base or superclass are automatically propogated to the derived or subclass. Introduction and motivationAllowing the ANTLR programmer to define a new grammar as it differs from an existing grammar provides significant benefits. Development time goes down because the programmer only has to specify the rules that are different or that need to be added. Further, when the base grammar changes, all derived grammars will automatically reflect the change. Grammar inheritance is also an interesting way to change the behavior of an existing grammar. A rule or set of rules can be respecified with the same structure, but with different actions. The most obvious use of grammar inheritance involves describing multiple dialects of the same language. Previous solutions would require multiple grammar versions or a single grammar that recognized all dialects at once (using semantics to constrain the input to a single dialect). With grammar inheritance, one could write a base grammar for the common components and then have a derived grammar for each dialect. Code sharing would occur at the grammar and output parser class level. Consider a simple subset of English: class PrimarySchoolEnglish; sentence : subject predicate ; subject : NOUN ; predicate : VERB ; This grammar recognizes sentences like: Dilbert speaks. To extend this grammar to include sentences manageable by most American college students, we might add direct objects to the definition of a sentence. Rather than copying and modifying the PrimarySchoolEnglish grammar, we can simply extend it: class AmericanCollegeEnglish extends PrimarySchoolEnglish; sentence : subject predicate object ; object : PREPOSITION ARTICLE NOUN ; This grammar describes sentences such as Dilbert speaks to a dog. While this looks trivial to implement (just add the appropriate extends clause in Java to the output parser class), it involves grammar analysis to preserve grammatical correctness. For example, to generate correct code, ANTLR needs to pull in the base grammar and modify it according to the overridden rules. To see this, consider the following grammar for a simple language: class Simple; stat: expr ASSIGN expr | SEMICOLON ; expr: ID ; Clearly, the ID token is the lookahead set that predicts the recognition of the first alternative of stat. Now, examine a derived dialect of Simple: class Derived extends Simple; expr: ID | INT ; In this case, { ID, INT } predicts the first alternative of stat. Unfortunately, a derived grammar affects the recognition of rules inherited from the base grammar! ANTLR must not only override expr in Derived, but it must override stat. Determinining which rules in the base grammar are affected is not easy, so our implementation simply makes a copy of the base grammar and generates a whole new parser with the appropriate modifications. From the programmer's perspective, code/grammar sharing would have occurred, however, from an implementation perspective a copy of the base grammar would be made. FunctionalityGrammar Derived inherits from Grammar Base all of the rules, options, and actions of Base including formal/actual rule parameters and rule actions. Derived may override any option or rule and specify new options, rules, and member action. The subgrammar does not inherit actions outside of classes or file options. Consider rule Base defined as: class Base extends Parser; options { k = 2; } { int count = 0; } a : A B {an-action} | A C ; c : C ; A new grammar may be derived as follows: class Derived extends Base; options { k = 3; // need more lookahead; override buildAST=true;// add an option } { int size = 0; // override; no 'count' def here } a : A B {an-action} | A C {an-extra-action} | Z // add an alt to rule a ; b : a | A B D // requires LL(3) ; ANTLR will actually interpret the subgrammar as if you had typed: class Derived extends Parser; options { k=3; buildAST=true; } { int size = 0; // override Base action } a : A B {an-action} | A C {an-extra-action} | Z // add an alt to rule a ; b : a | A B D // requires LL(3) ; // inherited from grammar Base c : C ; Rules may be overridden to change their signatures such as their parameters or return types: class Base extends Parser; a[int x] returns [int y] : A ; class Derived extends Base; a[float z] : A ; ANTLR will generate a warning, however: warning: rule Derived.a has different signature than Base.a Because of this ability, the subgrammars do not actually inherit, in the Java-sense, from the supergrammar. Different signatures on the generated methods would prevent the parser from compiling. Where Are Those Supergrammars?The set of potential "supergrammars" available to some grammar P includes any other grammar in the same file as P and any listed on the ANTLR command line with -glib f1.g;f2.g where the files must include path names if they are located in another directory. How is supergrammar P found? The grammars defined in the supergrammar list are read in and an inheritance hierarchy is constructed; any repeated grammar definition in this is ignored. The grammars in the normally specified grammar file are also included in the hierarchy. Incomplete hierarchies results in an error message from ANTLR. Grammars in the same file as P are given precendence to those obtained from other files. The type of grammar (Lexer,Parser,TreeParser) is determined by the type of the highest grammar in the inheritance chain. Error MessagesANTLR generates a file called expandedT.g, given a grammar input file (not the -glib files) called T.g. All error messages are relative to this as you really want to see the whole grammar when dealing with ambiguities etc... In the future, we may have a better solution. Version: $Id: //depot/code/org.antlr/release/antlr-2.7.1/doc/inheritance.html#1 $ |


Actions are a declarative way to change state and are triggered by events.
By using a declarative set of actions the need for scripting is massively reduced while providing better readability and maintainence.
| Action | Description |
| xf-action | allows to group a set of actions |
| xf-append | appends an entry to a xf-repeat |
| xf-delete | deletes one entry from a repeat |
| xf-dispatch | dispatches an event |
| xf-insert | insert an item into a xf-repeat |
| xf-load | load a document into the browser |
| xf-message | display a message to the user |
| xf-refresh | forces a full UI update reapplying the UI Model to the controls |
| xf-reset | roll back all data instances to their initial state after init |
| xf-return | returns values from an embedded form (xf-control ) |
| xf-setindex | set the index of a xf-repeat |
| xf-setvalue | set the value of an data item |
| xf-submit | triggers execution of a xf-submission |
| xf-toggle | toggles a specific xf-base |
| xf-update | force complete update of UI by passing all changes to server |


The PathMatcher DSL
The PathMatcher
mini-DSL is used to match incoming URL’s and extract values from them. It is used in the path
directive.
Some simple examples of the DSL in action can be found below.
Overview
When a request (or rather the respective RequestContext
RequestContext
instance) enters the route structure it has an “unmatched path” that is identical to the request.uri.path
. As it descends the routing tree and passes through one or more pathPrefix or path directives the “unmatched path” progressively gets “eaten into” from the left until, in most cases, it eventually has been consumed completely.
What exactly gets matched and consumed as well as extracted from the unmatched path in each directive is defined with the path matching DSL, which is built around these types:
- Scala
-
trait PathMatcher[L: Tuple] type PathMatcher0 = PathMatcher[Unit] type PathMatcher1[T] = PathMatcher[Tuple1[T]] type PathMatcher2[T,U] = PathMatcher[Tuple2[T,U]] // .. etc
- Java
-
package akka.http.javadsl.server; class PathMatcher0 class PathMatcher1<T1> class PathMatcher2<T1, T2> // .. etc
The number and types of the values extracted by a PathMatcher
instance is represented by the L
type parameter which needs to be one of Scala’s TupleN types or Unit
(which is designated by the Tuple
context bound). is determined by the class and its type parameters. The convenience alias PathMatcher0
can be used for all matchers which don’t extract anything while PathMatcher1[T]
defines a matcher which only extracts a single value of type T
.
Here is an example of a more complex PathMatcher
expression:
- Scala
-
val matcher: PathMatcher1[Option[Int]] = "foo" / "bar" / "X" ~ IntNumber.? / ("edit" | "create") val route: Route = path(matcher) { i: Option[Int] => complete(s"Matched X${i.getOrElse("")}") }
- Java
-
import akka.http.javadsl.server.PathMatcher1; import static akka.http.javadsl.server.PathMatchers.segment; import static akka.http.javadsl.server.PathMatchers.integerSegment; PathMatcher1<Integer> matcher = PathMatchers .segment("foo") .slash("bar") .slash( segment("X").concat(integerSegment()) ) .slash( segment("edit").orElse(segment("create")) ); Route route = path(matcher, i -> complete("Matched X" + i) );
This will match paths like foo/bar/X42/edit
or foo/bar/X/create
foo/bar/X37/create
.
The path matching DSL describes what paths to accept after URL decoding. This is why the path-separating slashes have special status and cannot simply be specified as part of a string! The string “foo/bar” would match the raw URI path “foo%2Fbar”, which is most likely not what you want!
Basic PathMatchers
A complex PathMatcher
can be constructed by combining or modifying more basic ones. Here are the basic matchers that Akka HTTP already provides for you:
- String
- You can use a
String
instance as aPathMatcher0
. Strings simply match themselves and extract no value. Note that strings are interpreted as the decoded representation of the path, so if they include a ‘/’ character this character will match “%2F” in the encoded raw URI! - Regex
- You can use a
Regex
instance as aPathMatcher1[String]
, which matches whatever the regex matches and extracts oneString
value. APathMatcher
created from a regular expression extracts either the complete match (if the regex doesn’t contain a capture group) or the capture group (if the regex contains exactly one capture group). If the regex contains more than one capture group anIllegalArgumentException
will be thrown. - Map[String, T]
- You can use a
Map[String, T]
instance as aPathMatcher1[T]
, which matches any of the keys and extracts the respective map value for it. - Slash: PathMatcher0
- Matches exactly one path-separating slash (
/
) character and extracts nothing. - Segment: PathMatcher1[String]
- Matches if the unmatched path starts with a path segment (i.e. not a slash). If so the path segment is extracted as a
String
instance. - PathEnd: PathMatcher0
- Matches the very end of the path, similar to
$
in regular expressions and extracts nothing. - Remaining: PathMatcher1[String]
- Matches and extracts the complete remaining unmatched part of the request’s URI path as an (encoded!) String. If you need access to the remaining decoded elements of the path use
RemainingPath
instead. - RemainingPath: PathMatcher1[Path]
- Matches and extracts the complete remaining, unmatched part of the request’s URI path.
- IntNumber: PathMatcher1[Int]
- Efficiently matches a number of decimal digits (unsigned) and extracts their (non-negative)
Int
value. The matcher will not match zero digits or a sequence of digits that would represent anInt
value larger thanInt.MaxValue
. - LongNumber: PathMatcher1[Long]
- Efficiently matches a number of decimal digits (unsigned) and extracts their (non-negative)
Long
value. The matcher will not match zero digits or a sequence of digits that would represent anLong
value larger thanLong.MaxValue
. - HexIntNumber: PathMatcher1[Int]
- Efficiently matches a number of hex digits and extracts their (non-negative)
Int
value. The matcher will not match zero digits or a sequence of digits that would represent anInt
value larger thanInt.MaxValue
. - HexLongNumber: PathMatcher1[Long]
- Efficiently matches a number of hex digits and extracts their (non-negative)
Long
value. The matcher will not match zero digits or a sequence of digits that would represent anLong
value larger thanLong.MaxValue
. - DoubleNumber: PathMatcher1[Double]
- Matches and extracts a
Double
value. The matched string representation is the pure decimal, optionally signed form of a double value, i.e. without exponent. - JavaUUID: PathMatcher1[UUID]
- Matches and extracts a
java.util.UUID
instance. - Neutral: PathMatcher0
- A matcher that always matches, doesn’t consume anything and extracts nothing. Serves mainly as a neutral element in
PathMatcher
composition. - Segments: PathMatcher1[List[String]]
- Matches all remaining segments as a list of strings. Note that this can also be “no segments” resulting in the empty list. If the path has a trailing slash this slash will not be matched, i.e. remain unmatched and to be consumed by potentially nested directives.
- separateOnSlashes(string: String): PathMatcher0
- Converts a path string containing slashes into a
PathMatcher0
that interprets slashes as path segment separators. This means that a matcher matching “%2F” cannot be constructed with this helper. - provide[L: Tuple](extractions: L): PathMatcher[L]
- Always matches, consumes nothing and extracts the given
TupleX
of values. - PathMatcher[L: Tuple](prefix: Path, extractions: L): PathMatcher[L]
- Matches and consumes the given path prefix and extracts the given list of extractions. If the given prefix is empty the returned matcher matches always and consumes nothing.
A path matcher is a description of a part of a path to match. The simplest path matcher is PathMatcher.segment
which matches exactly one path segment against the supplied constant string.
Other path matchers defined in PathMatchers
PathMatchers
match the end of the path (PathMatchers.END
), a single slash (PathMatchers.SLASH
), or nothing at all (PathMatchers.NEUTRAL
).
Many path matchers are hybrids that can both match (by using them with one of the PathDirectives) and extract values, Extracting a path matcher value (i.e. using it with handleWithX
) is only allowed if it nested inside a path directive that uses that path matcher and so specifies at which position the value should be extracted from the path.
Predefined path matchers allow extraction of various types of values:
- PathMatchers.segment(String)
- Strings simply match themselves and extract no value. Note that strings are interpreted as the decoded representation of the path, so if they include a ‘/’ character this character will match “%2F” in the encoded raw URI!
- PathMatchers.segment(java.util.regex.Pattern)
- You can use a regular expression instance as a path matcher, which matches whatever the regex matches and extracts one
String
value. APathMatcher
created from a regular expression extracts either the complete match (if the regex doesn’t contain a capture group) or the capture group (if the regex contains exactly one capture group). If the regex contains more than one capture group anIllegalArgumentException
will be thrown. - PathMatchers.SLASH
- Matches exactly one path-separating slash (
/
) character. - PathMatchers.END
- Matches the very end of the path, similar to
$
in regular expressions. - PathMatchers.Segment
- Matches if the unmatched path starts with a path segment (i.e. not a slash). If so the path segment is extracted as a
String
instance. - PathMatchers.Remaining
- Matches and extracts the complete remaining unmatched part of the request’s URI path as an (encoded!) String. If you need access to the remaining decoded elements of the path use
RemainingPath
instead. - PathMatchers.intValue
- Efficiently matches a number of decimal digits (unsigned) and extracts their (non-negative)
Int
value. The matcher will not match zero digits or a sequence of digits that would represent anInt
value larger thanInteger.MAX_VALUE
. - PathMatchers.longValue
- Efficiently matches a number of decimal digits (unsigned) and extracts their (non-negative)
Long
value. The matcher will not match zero digits or a sequence of digits that would represent anLong
value larger thanLong.MAX_VALUE
. - PathMatchers.hexIntValue
- Efficiently matches a number of hex digits and extracts their (non-negative)
Int
value. The matcher will not match zero digits or a sequence of digits that would represent anInt
value larger thanInteger.MAX_VALUE
. - PathMatchers.hexLongValue
- Efficiently matches a number of hex digits and extracts their (non-negative)
Long
value. The matcher will not match zero digits or a sequence of digits that would represent anLong
value larger thanLong.MAX_VALUE
. - PathMatchers.uuid
- Matches and extracts a
java.util.UUID
instance. - PathMatchers.NEUTRAL
- A matcher that always matches, doesn’t consume anything and extracts nothing. Serves mainly as a neutral element in
PathMatcher
composition. - PathMatchers.segments
- Matches all remaining segments as a list of strings. Note that this can also be “no segments” resulting in the empty list. If the path has a trailing slash this slash will not be matched, i.e. remain unmatched and to be consumed by potentially nested directives.
Combinators
Path matchers can be combined with these combinators to form higher-level constructs:
- Tilde Operator (
~
) - The tilde is the most basic combinator. It simply concatenates two matchers into one, i.e if the first one matched (and consumed) the second one is tried. The extractions of both matchers are combined type-safely. For example:
"foo" ~ "bar"
yields a matcher that is identical to"foobar"
. - Slash Operator (
/
) - This operator concatenates two matchers and inserts a
Slash
matcher in between them. For example:"foo" / "bar"
is identical to"foo" ~ Slash ~ "bar"
. - Pipe Operator (
|
) - This operator combines two matcher alternatives in that the second one is only tried if the first one did not match. The two sub-matchers must have compatible types. For example:
"foo" | "bar"
will match either “foo” or “bar”. When combining an alternative expressed using this operator with an/
operator, make sure to surround the alternative with parentheses, like so:("foo" | "bar") / "bom"
. Otherwise, the/
operator takes precedence and would only apply to the right-hand side of the alternative.
Modifiers
Path matcher instances can be transformed with these modifier methods:
- /
- The slash operator cannot only be used as combinator for combining two matcher instances, it can also be used as a postfix call.
matcher /
is identical tomatcher ~ Slash
but shorter and easier to read.
? : By postfixing a matcher with ?
you can turn any PathMatcher
into one that always matches, optionally consumes and potentially extracts an Option
of the underlying matchers extraction. The result type depends on the type of the underlying matcher:
If a matcher is of type |
then matcher.? is of type |
|---|---|
PathMatcher0 |
PathMatcher0 |
PathMatcher1[T] |
PathMatcher1[Option[T]] |
PathMatcher[L: Tuple] |
PathMatcher[Option[L]] |
repeat(separator: PathMatcher0 = PathMatchers.Neutral) : By postfixing a matcher with repeat(separator)
you can turn any PathMatcher
into one that always matches, consumes zero or more times (with the given separator) and potentially extracts a List
of the underlying matcher’s extractions. The result type depends on the type of the underlying matcher:
If a matcher is of type |
then matcher.repeat(...) is of type |
|---|---|
PathMatcher0 |
PathMatcher0 |
PathMatcher1[T] |
PathMatcher1[List[T]] |
PathMatcher[L: Tuple] |
PathMatcher[List[L]] |
- unary_!
- By prefixing a matcher with
!
it can be turned into aPathMatcher0
that only matches if the underlying matcher does not match and vice versa. - transform / (h)flatMap / (h)map
- These modifiers allow you to append your own “post-application” logic to another matcher in order to form a custom one. You can map over the extraction(s), turn mismatches into matches or vice-versa or do anything else with the results of the underlying matcher. Take a look at the method signatures and implementations for more guidance as to how to use them.
Examples
Here’s a collection of path matching examples:
- Scala
-
// matches /foo/ path("foo"./) // matches /foo/bar path("foo" / "bar") // NOTE: matches /foo%2Fbar and doesn't match /foo/bar path("foo/bar") // matches /foo/bar path(separateOnSlashes("foo/bar")) // matches e.g. /foo/123 and extracts "123" as a String path("foo" / """\d+""".r) // matches e.g. /foo/bar123 and extracts "123" as a String path("foo" / """bar(\d+)""".r) // similar to `path(Segments)` path(Segment.repeat(10, separator = Slash)) // matches e.g. /i42 or /hCAFE and extracts an Int path("i" ~ IntNumber | "h" ~ HexIntNumber) // identical to path("foo" ~ (PathEnd | Slash)) path("foo" ~ Slash.?) // matches /red or /green or /blue and extracts 1, 2 or 3 respectively path(Map("red" -> 1, "green" -> 2, "blue" -> 3)) // matches anything starting with "/foo" except for /foobar pathPrefix("foo" ~ !"bar")
- Java
-
import static akka.http.javadsl.server.Directives.complete; import static akka.http.javadsl.server.Directives.path; import static akka.http.javadsl.server.Directives.pathEnd; import static akka.http.javadsl.server.Directives.pathPrefix; import static akka.http.javadsl.server.Directives.pathSingleSlash; import static akka.http.javadsl.server.Directives.route; // matches "/test" path("test", () -> complete(StatusCodes.OK) ); // matches "/test", as well path(PathMatchers.segment("test"), () -> complete(StatusCodes.OK) ); // matches "/admin/user" path(PathMatchers.segment("admin") .slash("user"), () -> complete(StatusCodes.OK) ); // matches "/admin/user", as well pathPrefix("admin", () -> path("user", () -> complete(StatusCodes.OK) ) ); // matches "/admin/user/<user-id>" path(PathMatchers.segment("admin") .slash("user") .slash(PathMatchers.integerSegment()), userId -> { return complete("Hello user " + userId); } ); // matches "/admin/user/<user-id>", as well pathPrefix("admin", () -> path("user", () -> path(PathMatchers.integerSegment(), userId -> complete("Hello user " + userId) ) ) ); // never matches path("admin", () -> // oops this only matches "/admin", and no sub-paths path("user", () -> complete(StatusCodes.OK) ) ); // matches "/user/" with the first subroute, "/user" (without a trailing slash) // with the second subroute, and "/user/<user-id>" with the last one. pathPrefix("user", () -> concat( pathSingleSlash(() -> complete(StatusCodes.OK) ), pathEnd(() -> complete(StatusCodes.OK) ), path(PathMatchers.integerSegment(), userId -> complete("Hello user " + userId) ) ));


First Name: (First name)
Last Name: (Last name)
Astrological Sign:
Color: (Hexadecimal code such as #ADD8E6)
Date: (dd-mm-yyyy)
Datetime-local: (yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm, such as 2012-01-27T03:15)
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Month: (yyyy-mm)
Number: (Enter a number between 0 and 7)
Range: 0 20
Search: (Enter your search query here.)
Tel: (###) ###-####
Time: (hh:mm)
URL: (http://www.domainname.com)
Password: (querty | 123456 | teamo | batman)
Week: (yyyy-Wnn, such as 2012-W01)
Things you liked: Site design Links Ease of use Images Source code
How did you get to our site?: Search engine Links from another site Web site Reference in a book Other


That’s up to you! Wisely encourages you to pledge the amount that you think will motivate you to achieve your goals, with a minimum of $10. Your reward will be calculated based on what grade you aim to achieve in the course, not how much you pledge.
What should my goal be?
This one’s up to you! Take a minute to review the course topics, assignments and
expectations and consider factors such as:
Can I change my pledge?
Unfortunately, once you make a pledge for an entire course, you cannot change your pledge for that course. This is to help keep you motivated and committed.
How much will I be rewarded?
Pledges from all of the users that do not reach their goal are pooled. The pool is divided amongst all of the users that were successful. The rewards are allocated based on the goal you set for yourself. If you pledge to obtain 90% in the course, you will be rewarded more than if you pledged to 60%.
What counts as ‘achieving my goal’?
When you make a pledge, you will be asked to set a goal for performance in the course. If your final mark in the course is equal to or above the goal you set for yourself, congratulations! You have successfully achieved your goal.
How are payments accepted?
Wisely currently accepts payment through Visa, MasterCard and all other credit cards.
Will I get charged right away?
Yes, Wisely collects your pledge upfront and will return in full to you (plus a reward!) once you have reached your goal.
Can I change my pledge?
Unfortunately, once you make a pledge for an entire course, you cannot change your pledge for that course. This is to help keep you motivated and committed.
When can I collect my reward?
Once your rewards account reaches $10, you can cash in your reward through paypal. Well done on your hard work! Alternatively, you can continue to let it accumulate and cash in on various gift cards and prizes from our sponsors. Lastly, once you accumulate rewards, you have the option to pledge using your reward account instead of cash.
How does Wisely track my progress?
Once you sign into your Coursera account, we will be able to help you track your progress through information we gather from Coursera. Don’t worry, all of your information is secured and will never be shared with anyone.


Burton drivers warned of roadworks on major routes
Take note and do not get caught out on your commute
by Ben WaldronA number of roadworks are planned to roll out across Burton roads in the coming weeks.
Motorists are being warned to take note of all the works coming up soon.
Using roadworks collaboration website one.network, we have collated a list of works coming up in the next two weeks across the town.
Issues will soon start appearing on major routes both in and out of the town, including in Wellington Road, Shobnall Road, Derby Street and Evershed Way.
Nothing ruins a good mood in the morning like the sudden appearance of roadworks when you are not expecting it.
We have done the hard work for you and collected a list of all the roadworks coming up from now until Friday, December 6.
Newton Road
Where: Near Burton Canoe Club.
When: Until Thursday, November 28.
For: Works on the road system.
Parkway
Where: On one exit of the roundabout near McDonald's, in the left-hand filter lane.
When: Until Friday, December 6.
For: The installation of a rising main sewer section in the footpath.
Wellington Road
Where: On the entrance to the roundabout near Morrison's.
When: Until Tuesday, December 3.
For: The laying of a new cable.
Branston Road
When: Until New Year's Eve.
Where: On the approach to the roundabout with Orchard Street.
For: The laying of cables in the footpath and road.
There are further works in Branston Road, with one set of traffic lights near the junction with All Saints Road until Tuesday, December 3, and a second set near Queen Street, also until December 3.
Watson Street
When: Until Wednesday, July 1, 2020.
Where: Towards the end of Watson Street, near the entrance for the Washlands.
For: Flood defence improvement works.
Evershed Way
When: Until Thursday, December 5.
Where: On the roundabout with Anglesey Road.
For: The laying of cables in the footpath and road.
Shobnall Road
When: Monday, November 25 to Wednesday, November 27.
Where: Near The Albion pub.
For: The maintenance of flood monitoring equipment in the water system.
Burton Road
When: Thursday, November 28 and Friday, November 29.
Where: Near the junction with Jephson Road.
For: Highway works.
Stanton Road
When: Sunday, November 24 until Wednesday, November 27.
Where: Near Saxon Street.
For: The completion of road maintenance.
Derby Street
When: Tuesday, November 26 to Thursday, November 28.
Where: From the junction with Derby Road to the junction with Little Burton West.
For: road maintenance.
Borough Road
When: Until Sunday, December 1.
Where: Near Burton Railway Station.
For: A safety crossing point.
Rosliston Road South
When: Until Friday, November 29.
Where: Near the junction with Walton Road.
For: Gas mains reinforcement.


{% extends "admin/base_site.html" %} {% load i18n admin_static app_extension %} {% block breadcrumbs %}
{{ app.name|get_app_property:'description' }}
{% trans "You don't have permission to edit anything." %}


QA
Manager
Automator
Dev
Ops
DevOps
|
Good |
Bad |
Browsers are unreliable and inconsistent
Too many environments to test manually
BrowserStack Supports 987 enviornments
Because it is annoying to manually test the same thing acrossing a bunch of different browsers
Server based tool, and requires manual review for approving/rejecting diffs
Server based as well, this one allows for a bit more integration and will pass/fail each image, for manual review
Using a headless browser, takes and compares screenshots across domains, or between a domain and a history of screenshots.
Wraith, but with selenium support, but compares all browsers to the same baseline image
Generates really nice image differences
uses headless browsers, focuses on CSS Regression Testing
describe 'a page' do
it 'has not changed visually' do
visit url
assert_no_ui_changes
end
end
describe 'a page' do
it 'has not changed visually' do
visit url
assert_no_ui_changes 'part 1'
click_on link
assert_no_ui_changes 'part 2'
end
end
def self.color_difference_of_pixels(pixel1, pixel2)
score = Math.sqrt(
(r(pixel2) - r(pixel1)) ** 2 +
(g(pixel2) - g(pixel1)) ** 2 +
(b(pixel2) - b(pixel1)) ** 2
) / Math.sqrt(MAX ** 2 * 3)
[grayscale(MAX - (score * MAX).round), score]
end
|
Control |
Variable |
Diff |
Reduces noise from page rendering speeds
|
Control |
Variable |
Diff |


Creating Main Windows in Qt Designer
Qt Designer can be used to create user interfaces for different purposes, and it provides different kinds of form templates for each user interface. The main window template is used to create application windows with menu bars, toolbars, and dock widgets.
Create a new main window by opening the File menu and selecting the New Form... option, or by pressing Ctrl+N. Then, select the Main Window template. This template provides a main application window containing a menu bar and a toolbar by default -- these can be removed if they are not required.
If you remove the menu bar, a new one can be created by selecting the Create Menu Bar option from the context menu, obtained by right-clicking within the main window form.
An application can have only one menu bar, but several toolbars.
Menus
Menus are added to the menu bar by modifying the Type Here placeholders. One of these is always present for editing purposes, and will not be displayed in the preview or in the finished window.
Once created, the properties of a menu can be accessed using the Property Editor, and each menu can be accessed for this purpose via the The Object Inspector.
Existing menus can be removed by opening a context menu over the label in the menu bar, and selecting Remove Menu 'menu_name'.
Creating a Menu
Double-click the placeholder item to begin editing. The menu text, displayed using a line edit, can be modified.
Insert the required text for the new menu. Inserting an ampersand character (&) causes the letter following it to be used as a mnemonic for the menu.
Press Return or Enter to accept the new text, or press Escape to reject it. You can undo the editing operation later if required.
Menus can also be rearranged in the menu bar simply by dragging and dropping them in the preferred location. A vertical red line indicates the position where the menu will be inserted.
Menus can contain any number of entries and separators, and can be nested to the required depth. Adding new entries to menus can be achieved by navigating the menu structure in the usual way.
Creating a Menu Entry
Double-click the Type Here placeholder to begin editing, or double-click Add Separator to insert a new separator line after the last entry in the menu.
The menu entry's text is displayed using a line edit, and can be modified.
Insert the required text for the new entry, optionally using the ampersand character (&) to mark the letter to use as a mnemonic for the entry.
Press Return or Enter to accept the new text, or press Escape to reject it. The action created for this menu entry will be accessible via the Action Editor, and any associated keyboard shortcut can be set there.
Just like with menus, entries can be moved around simply by dragging and dropping them in the preferred location. When an entry is dragged over a closed menu, the menu will open to allow it to be inserted there. Since menu entries are based on actions, they can also be dropped onto toolbars, where they will be displayed as toolbar buttons.
Toolbars
Creating and Removing a Toolbar
Toolbars are added to a main window in a similar way to the menu bar: Select the Add Tool Bar option from the form's context menu. Alternatively, if there is an existing toolbar in the main window, you can click the arrow on its right end to create a new toolbar.
Toolbars are removed from the form via an entry in the toolbar's context menu.
Adding and Removing Toolbar Buttons
Toolbar buttons are created as actions in the Action Editor and dragged onto the toolbar. Since actions can be represented by menu entries and toolbar buttons, they can be moved between menus and toolbars.
To share an action between a menu and a toolbar, drag its icon from the action editor to the toolbar rather than from the menu where its entry is located. See Adding an Action for more information about this process.
Toolbar buttons are removed via the toolbar's context menu.
Actions
With the menu bar and the toolbars in place, it's time to populate them with actions. New actions for both menus and toolbars are created in the action editor window, simplifying the creation and management of actions.
The Action Editor
Enable the action editor by opening the Tools menu, and switching on the Action Editor option.
The action editor allows you to create New actions and Delete actions. It also provides a search function, Filter, using the action's text.
Qt Designer's action editor can be viewed in the classic Icon View and Detailed View. The screenshot below shows the action editor in Detailed View. You can also copy and paste actions between menus, toolbars and forms.
Creating an Action
To create an action, use the action editor's New button, which will then pop up an input dialog. Provide the new action with a Text -- this is the text that will appear in a menu entry and as the action's tooltip. The text is also automatically added to an "action" prefix, creating the action's Object Name.
In addition, the dialog provides the option of selecting an Icon for the action, as well as removing the current icon.
Once the action is created, it can be used wherever actions are applicable.
Adding an Action
To add an action to a menu or a toolbar, simply press the left mouse button over the action in the action editor, and drag it to the preferred location.
Qt Designer provides highlighted guide lines that tell you where the action will be added. Release the mouse button to add the action when you have found the right spot.
Dock Widgets
Since dock widgets are container widgets, they can be added to a form in the usual way. Once added to a form, dock widgets are not placed in any particular dock area by default; you need to set the docked property to true for each widget and choose an appropriate value for its dockWidgetArea property.
Adding a Dock Widget
To add a dock widget to a form, drag one from the Containers section of the widget box, and drop it onto the main form area. Do not add the dock widget to an existing layout. Instead, open the Property Editor and enable the docked property to place it in a dock area.
Note that it is sometimes easier to configure a dock widget if it is added to a form before a layout is applied to the central widget. For example, it is possible to undock it and resize it, making it more convenient to add child widgets.
Dock widgets can be optionally floated as independent tool windows. Hence, it is useful to give them window titles by setting their windowTitle property. This also helps to identify them on the form.


- Rotation schedule
- Controls how often the log is rotated.
- Maximum size before rotating
- Sets a limit on the size of the log file before it is rotated. This field
can be used instead of the rotation schedule if you prefer a size rather
than time-based limit.
- Number of old logs to keep
- Determines how many old generations of the log file to save. These will
typically have the same name as the original log, but with .0, .1 and so
on appended. If your enter 0, no old logs will be kept and thus the
contents of the log file will be lost when it is rotated.
- Compress old log files?
- When this option is enabled, old logs will be compressed with gzip
after rotation to reduce the amount of disk space that they consume.
- Rotate even if log file is empty?
- If enabled, this option tells logrotate to still rotate the log
file even if it is empty, resulting in old copies with zero size being
saved.
- Re-create log file after rotation?
- When this option is enabled, the log file will be re-created after rotation
instead of simply being left for the server that writes to it to re-create.
By default it will be created with the original permissions and owner, but
you can use the fields next to the Yes option to specify alternate
file permissions, user and group.
- Store old rotated logs in
- When this field is set to Same directory as log file, the old
rotated copies of the log file will be stored in the same directory as
the original log. The Directory option can be used to specify an
alternate location - however, it must be on the same filesystem as the
log file.
- Commands to run after rotation
- When this text box is filled in, the entered shell commands will be run
after the log has been rotated. Many servers need to be re-started after
their log has been renamed, so that they will write to the new file
properly. In this case, you might enter a command like killall -HUP
httpd to trigger a re-start after rotation.


wMAN MOD
Refreshing XML ...
Loading Games ...
. . .
Refresh
Eject
Restart
Shutdown
🔍
Games
Files
Setup
CPU/RSX


Oren Geva
Nov 17, 2018
AHEM — Ad Hoc Email Server Disposable email services are online services that provide temporary email addresses for registering or signing up on websites that require email verification.
The purpose of these services is that you can avoid exposing your own email address to potential SPAM, especially if you just need the service for a short period of time.
Disposable email services are also useful in software development and testing, as many software products require email verification themselves. Using real email addresses in the context of software development or testing is cumbersome and annoying. Many teams around the world use temporary disposable email services for testing their own software products.
AHEM - Ad Hoc Email is one of these services. You can send an email to an @ahem.email address and check the AHEM mailbox to retrieve and read the email. Many similar services such as Mailinator, ThrowAwayMail, Temp-Mail and Yopmail are available online to name a few.
Each has their own interpretation of the theme, but one of the things that makes AHEM unique is that AHEM’s code is freely available on GitHub as open source, allowing a user to download and set up their own temporary mail server. But why would someone want to set up their own disposable mail server? In the context of software testing, while most of the time an online disposable email service is sufficient, on some occasions you might want to host a temporary email server on site:
To install AHEM, you’ll need a Linux or Windows machine with administrative rights and Node.js version 8.9+ as well as MongoDB installed.
Setting up Node.js, npm and MongoDB is out of the scope of this guide, but in case you’re lost, detailed information on how to set them up can be found on the Node.js download and MongoDB download pages.
The following section details the steps required to install and run AHEM disposable mail server. AHEM can run on any system supporting Node.js. These steps were performed and tested on an Ubuntu Linux server and may need slight modifications to be compatible with other systems.
vim .env
The .env file should look like this:
Here is an explanation of the parameters within the properties file:
At this point, make sure your MongoDB server is up and running and that your properties.json file was configured correctly. The easiest way to run AHEM, is run the project with the command: This command will start (by default) the backend server on port 3000 and the front end will run on port 4200. You can then access the AHEM web interface at http://localhost:4200.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block title %}Charge description{% endblock %} {% block body %} {% include 'partials/phase_banner_beta.html' %} {% include 'partials/validation_partial.html' %} Charge description (optional) {% if validation_errors and validation_errors['charge-description'] %} {{ validation_errors['charge-description'].inline_message }} {% endif %} Add any other information about this charge Any other information about this charge. This can be information that will help someone researching this charge. You shouldn't include personal information here, for example a telephone number or email. Description of the charge {% if data %}{{ data }}{% endif %} Answer must be shorter than 1500 characters (about 250 words) {% include 'partials/submit_form_partial.html' %} {% endblock %}
Answer must be shorter than 1500 characters (about 250 words)


News
Headteacher's Roundup 15 March 2019
What a busy week it has been! The school has been alive with purposeful activity and it wonderful to be a part of such a happy community. Some of you may have read my interview with Muddy
Read more >>Two weeks of literacy
What a forthnight of literary-expanding adventures we have had at Chinthurst! With much fanfare last Monday welcomed the return of our special Chinthurst 'Book Week'. Throughout the week all the
Read more >>We are winners!
A few weeks ago, we discovered that we were finalists in an international competition run by the David Shepherd Wildlife Association. Full of excitement, myself, Mrs Lyth and eight Chinthurst
Read more >>World Book Day 2019
In the run up to World Book Day, the whole school got involved in Drop Everything And Read (DEAR). Each day at different times and without warning, the klaxon sounded and everyone literally dropped everything
Read more >>


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Our journey began from the streets beside our college where we came across a homeless woman, begging on the streets. While we were gossiping about the solution to a particular problem, she came up with a solution and told us to "CHILL"
At first we were mind blown that she could speak english but on further thought we realised that she might in fact be someone is suffering with Alzhiemers or some similar disease and lost their way.
This Lead us to the realisations that so many old parents are out there who have lost their way and are on the streets begging for survival with noone to care for them. This lead us to this path and we have been going strong ever since.


This Basketball Scorekeeping app came about as a result of my husband volunteering to "do the book" for our sons' basketball games. "Doing the book" meant recording the points, fouls, and other details of each game. It sounds straightforward, but, this is what the book looks like:
It's positively screaming to be digitized. And so begins the process of developing an app to replace the book. Comments are most welcome.
Designed and developed by Jess Bodie Richards.


{% load static %} {% load i18n %} {% get_current_language as LANGUAGE_CODE %}
{# TODO: Don't use web adresses for production#} {# #} {# #} {# TODO: menu_objects should not be loaded in map.html. Why isn't it working in select_data.html? Time of loading?#} {#TODO: Don't like "show_data()" in map.html, but 2 onload in app don't work. Any better solution?#} {##} {# #} {% block modal %} {% include 'vfwheron/info_modal.html' %} {% endblock modal %} {% comment %}{% endcomment %}


Today I have been adding some new functionality to an iPhone application I am currently developing for work. Being the good developer that I am (Ed: and modest too), I started by writing some tests to cover the changes I needed to make. These days Xcode ships with the SenTest Objective C unit testing framework, which is great. But SenTest does not include a mocking framework. Fortunately OCMock exists to solve this very problem. However getting it into your iOS project and running takes a little bit of effort.
First of all grab the latest copy of the OCMock dmg from http://ocmock.org#download, version 2.0.1 at the time of writing.
Next mount the disk image ocmock-2.0.1.dmg
(version number may be different) so that
the directory structure of the mounted disk image should resemble the image below
At this point the OCMock library is ready to be added to your project. The disk image provided supplies linked libraries for iOS and Mac OS X, as well as the source. Naturally the project source is also available on Github. Be warned, the Github source will require compiling before it can be used in your own tests. If you are not comfortable with that concept, it is best just to use the precompiled binaries.
Before importing the OCMock library into your Xcode 4 project, create a folder for this library name something similar to $(SRCROOT)/tests/libraries
. $(SRCROOT)
is xcode shorthand for the project root folder for anyone scratching their head. In Xcode create a group within the tests
group called libraries
to mirror the layout of the filesystem. Now drag the contents of the OCMock iOS folder on the mounted drive to the new libraries
group within Xcode created previously.
Xcode might be clever and realize what has just happened at this point and added libOCMock.a
to your tests targets Link Binary With Libraries build phase. If it has not, then you can drag libOCMock.a
from your filetree into the Link Binary With Libraries build phase to add it. Before continuing we need to ensure that Xcode is including the library and headers when the tests are run. Within the test target, check the Build Settings entry for Header Search Paths and Library Search Paths includes $(SRCROOT)/tests/libraries
.
Finally and most importantly Xcode needs to tell the compiler to force load the OCMock libraries at compile time, otherwise your tests will crash. Within the Build Settings in your test build target add the following line to the Other Linker Flags entry; -force_load $(SRCROOT)/tests/libraries/libOCMock.a
.
OCMock is now ready for use and bar any other unforseen problems, testing should be uneventful. The last step of instructing the compilier to force load the library caused me to loose 30 minutes this afternoon, so hopefully this will help anyone else having similar issues.


Waking Ned Devine
[2.5/4.0]
Tullymore is a quiet little Irish country village. When two old friends, Jackie and Michael, discover that the latest lottery was won by one of the village's residents, they hatch a plan to find out who the winner is (which should not be hard since they know everyone in town), befriend them, and share in the winnings. Then they discover that the winner was kind old Ned Devine, who had immediately died upon the shock of his win. Since Ned has no family, his winning would be going back to the lottery, so Jackie and Michael decide it would be best if someone else pretended to be Ned, claimed the prize, and shared the winnings. It will not be easy since they will need the cooperation of the whole village and not all may go along.
Like most of the characters in it, this film is quite cute. It presents the Irish coastal countryside as almost a character by itself, with beauty and charm. The rough cliffs, lush woods, and enchanting streams reflect a simplicity and purity to the slow, rustic life. However, many of the characters presented were not given much depth, and the subplots of the pig farmer's romance with a single mother, and the small boy who seems wiser than the substitute priest seemed extraneous. There is a similarity in the narrative to A Simple Plan, but this film has an altogether different tone than that one. The need to neatly wrap up the subplots at the close of the main narrative felt jarring in its superfluousness. The film has a pleasant lightness of tone and provides a good share of well-paced laughs, and the cuteness of its main characters (particularly Michael) is quite endearing. The storyline closes at what would appear to be the beginning point of the more interesting story, but it goes far enough as a showcase of the charm of rural Ireland.
Moderately Recommended. This film does not contain anything exceptional, but is certainly charming and enjoyable. It does not strive to do very much, but does accomplish what it sets out to do.
Murali Krishnan The Art House Squatter http://pages.hotbot.com/movies/murali24/
-----------== Posted via Deja News, The Discussion Network ==---------- http://www.dejanews.com/ Search, Read, Discuss, or Start Your Own
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


|
ActiveTcl User Guide
|
||
time - Time the execution of a script
time script ?count?
This command will call the Tcl interpreter count times to evaluate script (or once if count isn't specified). It will then return a string of the form
503 microseconds per iteration
which indicates the average amount of time required per iteration, in microseconds. Time is measured in elapsed time, not CPU time.
Copyright © 1993 The Regents of the University of California. Copyright © 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Copyright © 1995-1997 Roger E. Critchlow Jr.


---
layout: home
permalink: skills/
header: 1
link_text: SKILLS
title: Skills in progress
lang: en
---
{{ page.title }}
Programming languages
C#, VB, PHP, Java, Javascript, Cobol, Pyhton, Ruby
Markup languages
HTML, HTML5, XML
Design Patterns
Grasp, GoF
General knowledge
UML, Systems Architecture, Accessibility, Usability, User Experience
Library e frameworks
Bootstrap, KnocktouJS, jQuery, DOJO, TheIntern, NodeJS, Angularjs, .NET, Entity Framework, Silverlight, Jekyll
Versioning
Subversion, Team Foundation System, GitHub


Prepared is me marianne pleasure likewise debating. Wonder an unable except better stairs do ye admire.  So moreover as speedily differed branched ignorant. Tall are her knew poor now does then. Procured to contempt oh he raptures amounted occasion. One boy assure income spirit lovers set.
Demesne far hearted suppose venture excited see had has. Dependent on so extremely delivered by. Yet no jokes worse her why. Bed one supposing breakfast day fulfilled off depending questions. Whatever boy her exertion his extended. Ecstatic followed handsome drawings entirely mrs one yet outweigh. Of acceptance insipidity remarkably is invitation.
Whole wound wrote at whose to style in. Figure ye innate former do so we. Shutters but sir yourself provided you required his. So neither related he am do believe. Nothing but you hundred had use regular. Fat sportsmen arranging preferred can. Busy paid like is oh. Dinner our ask talent her age hardly. Neglected collected an attention listening do abilities.


| file_temp {fs} | R Documentation |
file_temp()
returns the name which can be used as a temporary file.
file_temp(pattern = "file", tmp_dir = tempdir(), ext = "") file_temp_push(path) file_temp_pop() path_temp(...)
pattern |
A character vector with the non-random portion of the name. |
tmp_dir |
The directory the file will be created in. |
ext |
The file extension of the temporary file. |
path |
A character vector of one or more paths. |
... |
Additional paths appended to the temporary directory by |
file_temp_push()
can be used to supply deterministic entries in the
temporary file stack. This can be useful for reproducibility in like example
documentation and vignettes.
file_temp_pop()
can be used to explicitly remove an entry from the
internal stack, however generally this is done instead by calling
file_temp()
.
path_temp()
constructs a path within the session temporary directory.
path_temp() path_temp("does-not-exist") file_temp() file_temp(ext = "png") file_temp("image", ext = "png") # You can make the temp file paths deterministic file_temp_push(letters) file_temp() file_temp() # Or explicitly remove values while (!is.null(file_temp_pop())) next file_temp_pop()


From jungle kings to early exits: How footballers have fared on I'm A Celebrity
As Ian Wright heads into the Australian rainforest, we take a look a how other retired footballers have done on the show
by Ned KeatingFormer Arsenal striker Ian Wright heads into the jungle this weekend as he takes part in the 19th series of ITV's I'm A Celebrity...Get Me Out Of Here , becoming the latest ex-footballer to compete Down Under.
Since the show was first broadcast way back in 2002, retired soccer stars have become something of a fixture in the line-up in Australia , featuring alongside actors, singers and reality TV favourites.
By and large, most endeared themselves to the public having entertained millions during the various trials they were voted.
A few, however, did not last as long in the jungle as they would have liked - a fate ex- West Ham forward Wright will be desperately hoping to avoid.
Harry Redknapp (Winner, Series 18)
The former Portsmouth and Tottenham boss emerged from the jungle as a national treasure after declaring his love for jam roly poly and wife Sandra.
Redknapp took part in six trials in total and never once missed out on a star, helping campmates including TV presenters Nick Knowles and Noel Edmonds remain well fed.
The legendary boss topped the public vote every day and was eventually crowned King of the Jungle with 69 per cent of the vote, becoming the first footballer to win the show.
Dennis Wise (Sixth, Series 17)
The ex-Chelsea hard man was a surprise contestant on the show in 2017 having largely stayed out of the limelight since leaving Newcastle in September 2008.
During his time in the jungle, Wise came under fire along with other campmates for the perceived bullying of comedian Iain Lee.
In total, the former Millwall boss took part in two trials on the show and was eventually evicted on day 19 after losing out to boxer Amir Khan.
Wayne Bridge (Fifth, Series 16)
Another former Chelsea star to appear on the show, the ex-England international found himself in the jungle alongside the likes of Countdown legend Carol Vorderman and Gogglebox favourite Scarlett Moffat.
Bridge came out of his shell the more the series progressed, eventually horrifying singer wife Frankie with revelations about their sex life.
The full-back left on Day 20 after taking part in six trials during his stint in the rainforest.
Kieron Dyer (Fourth, Series 15)
Went in with the public probably best knowing him for his scrap on the pitch with Newcastle team-mate Lee Bowyer in 2005, but revealed another side to his personality.
The former West Ham man struck up a friendship with Lady Colin Campbell, the royal biographer and socialite who regular wound up the other campmates with her antics.
Dyer took part in eight trials during his jungle stint before being voted out the day before the final.
Jimmy Bullard (10th, Series 14)
Another surprise choice given he never played for a so-called 'big club' and never represented his country, but the midfielder became the camp's chief banter merchant.
After initially being a hit with the viewing public, the good feeling towards Bullard turned away after it was felt he had taken his mocking of The X Factor contestant Jake Quickenden too far.
That may have led to the former Fulham man's early exit, with the midfielder first to be voted out on day 17 after five trials.
Rodney Marsh (Seventh, Series Seven)
The ex-Man City attacker went Down Under in 2007, taking part alongside supermodel Janice Dickinson and The Apprentice contestant Katie Hopkins.
The public voted Marsh in for a trial at the first possible opportunity, hinting that he was not necessarily a favourite with viewers.
That may have eventually led to his early downfall, with the former QPR man only making it through to day 15 before being sent packing.
Neil Ruddock (Eighth, Series Three)
The man known as Razor was among the favourites to win the show prior to entering the jungle such was his larger-than-life personality.
The ex-Liverpool defender put himself forward for the first trial with glamour model Katie Price and showed no fear as they placed their heads in helmets while critters were poured in.
However, that proved to be Ruddock's only trial before he was the third person to be evicted on day 11, losing out to former BBC royal correspondent Jennie Bond.
John Fashanu (Second, Series Two)
A trailblazer as the first footballer to take part in the show, his success may be the reason why many more soccer stars have been booked since.
Fash become a huge hit with the public for the way he calmed himself down during trials, seemingly meditating before giving it a go.
The ex-Wimbledon striker made it all the way to the final on day 15 before being pipped to the crown by cricketer Phil Tufnell.


Spritesheet Classbased with AngularJS
Default Tilte replace
Same thing for description
Circle Title Generated (not there in orig)
Circle Desc Generated (not there in orig)
Square Title Generated (not there in orig, only title generated, desc not set)
Only Title Overridden


This is a demo of a metronome which uses the Web Audio API to achieve a very high precision. It's basically following the technique described by Paul Adenot in his blogpost named "A robust metronome using the Web Audio API". The metronome is connected to a timing-object which is itself connected to a timing-provider. That means multiple instances of this page should be in sync with each other.


Emilie's Pizzaria
Name:
Toppings:
Pepperoni
Sausage
Chicken
Peppers
Pesto
Artichokes
Olives
Bacon
Select a Size:
Small
Medium
Large
Order Now


Model Objects¶
Overview¶
Skater contains an abstraction for predictive models. Models apis vary by implementation. The skater Model object manages variations in how models are called, the inputs they expect, and the outputs they generate, so that inputs, outputs, and calls are standardized to both the user and to the rest of the code base. Currently the Model object acts as the base class for the InMemoryModel and DeployedModel class, though this API may change in later versions.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | from sklearn.datasets import load_breast_cancer
from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier
breast_cancer = load_breast_cancer()
X = breast_cancer.data
y = breast_cancer.target
gb = GradientBoostingClassifier()
gb.fit(X,y)
from skater.model import InMemoryModel
model = InMemoryModel(gb.predict_proba, examples = X)
|
InMemoryModel¶
Models that are callable function are exposed via the InMemoryModel object.
-
InMemoryModel.
__init__
(prediction_fn, input_formatter=None, output_formatter=None, target_names=None, feature_names=None, unique_values=None, examples=None, model_type=None, probability=None, log_level=30)¶ This model can be called directly from memory
Parameters: - prediction_fn: callable
function that returns predictions
- input_formatter: callable
This function will run on input data before passing to the prediction_fn. This usually should take your data type and convert them to numpy arrays or dataframes.
- output_formatter: callable
This function will run on input data before passing to the prediction_fn. This usually should take your data type and convert them to numpy arrays or dataframes.
- target_names: array type
(optional) names of classes that describe model outputs.
- feature_names: array type
(optional) Names of features the model consumes.
- unique_values: array type
The set of possible output values. Only use on classifier models that return “best guess” predictions, not probability scores, e.g.
model.predict(fruit1) -> ‘apple’ model.predict(fruit2) -> ‘banana’
[‘apple’,’banana’] are the unique_values of the classifier
- examples: numpy.array or pandas.dataframe
optional examples to use to make inferences about the function.
- model_type: None, “classifier”, “regressor”
Indicates which type of model is being used. If left as None, will try to infer based on the signature of the output type.
- probability: None, True, False
If using a classifier, indicates whether probabilities are provided (as opposed to indicators/labels).
- log_level: int
config setting to see model logs. 10 is a good value for seeing debug messages. 30 is warnings only.
DeployedModel¶
Models that are deployed, and therefore callable via http posts are exposed via the DeployedModel object.
-
DeployedModel.
__init__
(uri, input_formatter, output_formatter, request_kwargs={}, target_names=None, feature_names=None, unique_values=None, examples=None, model_type=None, probability=None, log_level=30)¶ This model can be called by making http requests to the passed in uri.
Parameters: - uri: string
Where to post requests
- input_formatter: callable
This function will run on input data before passing to requests library. This usually should take array types and convert them to JSON.
- output_formatter: callable
This function will run on outputs before returning results to interpretation objects. This usually should take request objects and convert them to array types.
- request_kwargs: dict
any additional request headers that need to be passed, such as api keys, content types, etc.
- target_names: array type
(optional) The names of the target variable/classes. There should be as many names as there are outputs per prediction. Defaults to Predicted Value for regression and Class 1…n for classification.
- feature_names: array type
(optional) Names of features the model consumes.
- unique_values: array type
The set of possible output values. Only use on classifier models that return “best guess” predictions, not probability scores, e.g.
model.predict(fruit1) -> ‘apple’ model.predict(fruit2) -> ‘banana’
[‘apple’,’banana’] are the unique_values of the classifier
- examples:
optional examples to use to make inferences about the function.
- model_type: None, “classifier”, “regressor”
Indicates which type of model is being used. If left as None, will try to infer based on the signature of the output type.
- probability: None, True, False
If using a classifier, indicates whether probabilities are provided (as opposed to indicators/labels).
- log_level: int
see skater.model.Model for details


Monster Behaviors
There is going to be a lot of code in this tutorial. We have to start using the scheduling system we built last time. We’ll also be laying the foundation for creating monster behaviors. Our first behavior will be a simple move and attack, but we can expand on this in the future to create lots of interesting monsters.
Defining a Behavior Interface
First we need to define the interface that all of our future Behaviors
will use. Create a new file named IBehavior.cs
in the Interfaces
folder. Add the following code:
public interface IBehavior
{
bool Act( Monster monster, CommandSystem commandSystem );
}
We’re going to keep it simple and just have a simple Act(…)
method that will take the Monster
performing the action and the CommandSystem
as parameters.
Creating a Move and Attack Behavior
Our first concrete behavior that will implement our IBehavior
interface will be StandardMoveAndAttack
.
Briefly lets go over what the StandardMoveAndAttack
behavior will do.
- A monster should perform a standard melee attack on the player if the player is adjacent to the monster.
- If the player is not within attack range, the monster should move closer to the player via the shortest available path.
- Only monsters that are aware of the player should chase him.
- Once the monster is alerted and begins the chase, if the player evades him and remains out of visual range for a period of time the monster should stop pursuit.
- If the monster can see the player but does not have a valid path (possibly because of being blocked by other monsters) it should wait a turn.
Because we want to have many additional behaviors in the future we should make a new folder named Behaviors
and then create the file StandardMoveAndAttack.cs
in that folder. Add the following code:
public class StandardMoveAndAttack : IBehavior
{
public bool Act( Monster monster, CommandSystem commandSystem )
{
DungeonMap dungeonMap = Game.DungeonMap;
Player player = Game.Player;
FieldOfView monsterFov = new FieldOfView( dungeonMap );
// If the monster has not been alerted, compute a field-of-view
// Use the monster's Awareness value for the distance in the FoV check
// If the player is in the monster's FoV then alert it
// Add a message to the MessageLog regarding this alerted status
if ( !monster.TurnsAlerted.HasValue )
{
monsterFov.ComputeFov( monster.X, monster.Y, monster.Awareness, true );
if ( monsterFov.IsInFov( player.X, player.Y ) )
{
Game.MessageLog.Add( $"{monster.Name} is eager to fight {player.Name}" );
monster.TurnsAlerted = 1;
}
}
if ( monster.TurnsAlerted.HasValue )
{
// Before we find a path, make sure to make the monster and player Cells walkable
dungeonMap.SetIsWalkable( monster.X, monster.Y, true );
dungeonMap.SetIsWalkable( player.X, player.Y, true );
PathFinder pathFinder = new PathFinder( dungeonMap );
Path path = null;
try
{
path = pathFinder.ShortestPath(
dungeonMap.GetCell( monster.X, monster.Y ),
dungeonMap.GetCell( player.X, player.Y ) );
}
catch ( PathNotFoundException )
{
// The monster can see the player, but cannot find a path to him
// This could be due to other monsters blocking the way
// Add a message to the message log that the monster is waiting
Game.MessageLog.Add( $"{monster.Name} waits for a turn" );
}
// Don't forget to set the walkable status back to false
dungeonMap.SetIsWalkable( monster.X, monster.Y, false );
dungeonMap.SetIsWalkable( player.X, player.Y, false );
// In the case that there was a path, tell the CommandSystem to move the monster
if ( path != null )
{
try
{
// TODO: This should be path.StepForward() but there is a bug in RogueSharp V3
// The bug is that a Path returned from a PathFinder does not include the source Cell
commandSystem.MoveMonster( monster, path.Steps.First() );
}
catch ( NoMoreStepsException )
{
Game.MessageLog.Add( $"{monster.Name} growls in frustration" );
}
}
monster.TurnsAlerted++;
// Lose alerted status every 15 turns.
// As long as the player is still in FoV the monster will stay alert
// Otherwise the monster will quit chasing the player.
if ( monster.TurnsAlerted > 15 )
{
monster.TurnsAlerted = null;
}
}
return true;
}
}
Be aware that if you try to Build right now there will be errors. We never added the TurnsAlerted
property to our Monster class. Additionally we are missing the MoveMonster
method on our CommandSystem
.
Note
You may also notice the TODO comment. I discovered a bug in V3 RogueSharp and have a fix for it but for now this is a workaround.
Monster Class Updates
We should make sure we get back to a state where the project will build as quickly as possible. With that in mind open Monster.cs
and add a new TurnsAlerted
property as well as a PerformAction
method that we’ll use later.
public int? TurnsAlerted { get; set; }
public virtual void PerformAction( CommandSystem commandSystem )
{
var behavior = new StandardMoveAndAttack();
behavior.Act( this, commandSystem );
}
Did you notice the question mark on the int?
property? That’s shorthand for a Nullable<int> type. Since integers are value types they cannot normally be null, however we want a null integer to represent that the monster has not been alerted.
Notice that the PerformAction
method is virtual
also. Since this is on our Monster
base class, we’ll give any monster the StandardMoveAndAttack
behavior by default. We can override this in any of our Monster sub-classes to get more interesting behaviors.
Actor Class Updates
At this point we’re still not building, but we are getting closer. Open Actor.cs
and make sure that the Actor
class implements IScheduleable
so that we can add them to our scheduling system.
public class Actor : IActor, IDrawable, IScheduleable
{
// ... Previous Actor code omitted
// IScheduleable
public int Time
{
get
{
return Speed;
}
}
}
CommandSystem Class Updates
We should get our CommandSystem
updated now so we can finally build again. Open CommandSystem.cs
and add the IsPlayerTurn
property as well as the ActivateMonsters()
and MoveMonster(…)
methods.
public bool IsPlayerTurn { get; set; }
public void EndPlayerTurn()
{
IsPlayerTurn = false;
}
public void ActivateMonsters()
{
IScheduleable scheduleable = Game.SchedulingSystem.Get();
if ( scheduleable is Player )
{
IsPlayerTurn = true;
Game.SchedulingSystem.Add( Game.Player );
}
else
{
Monster monster = scheduleable as Monster;
if ( monster != null )
{
monster.PerformAction( this );
Game.SchedulingSystem.Add( monster );
}
ActivateMonsters();
}
}
public void MoveMonster( Monster monster, Cell cell )
{
if ( !Game.DungeonMap.SetActorPosition( monster, cell.X, cell.Y ) )
{
if ( Game.Player.X == cell.X && Game.Player.Y == cell.Y )
{
Attack( monster, Game.Player );
}
}
}
The ActivateMonsters()
method is intended to be called after the Player
takes a turn. This will proceed to get the next scheduled Actor
from the SchedulingSystem
. If this happens to be the Player
again, we’ll wait for the Player
to make a move.
Add Player and Monsters to Scheduling System
Open DungeonMap.cs
and update the AddPlayer(…)
, AddMonster(…)
, and RemoveMonster(…)
methods to use the SchedulingSystem
. Just add the calls at the end of each method.
public void AddPlayer( Player player )
{
// ...previous code omitted
Game.SchedulingSystem.Add( player );
}
public void AddMonster( Monster monster )
{
// ...previous code omitted
Game.SchedulingSystem.Add( monster );
}
public void RemoveMonster( Monster monster )
{
// ...previous code omitted
Game.SchedulingSystem.Remove( monster );
}
Updating the Game Class
We’re almost done. The rest of the updates will be in Game.cs
so open up the file and add a new public property.
public static SchedulingSystem SchedulingSystem { get; private set; }
Make sure to instantiate a new SchedulingSystem
in the Main()
method.
SchedulingSystem = new SchedulingSystem();
The last set of updates will be made in the OnRootConsoleUpdate(…)
method. We need to ensure that it is the player’s turn before handling key presses. We also need to activate monsters after the player has taken their turn.
private static void OnRootConsoleUpdate( object sender, UpdateEventArgs e )
{
bool didPlayerAct = false;
RLKeyPress keyPress = _rootConsole.Keyboard.GetKeyPress();
if ( CommandSystem.IsPlayerTurn )
{
if ( keyPress != null )
{
if ( keyPress.Key == RLKey.Up )
{
didPlayerAct = CommandSystem.MovePlayer( Direction.Up );
}
else if ( keyPress.Key == RLKey.Down )
{
didPlayerAct = CommandSystem.MovePlayer( Direction.Down );
}
else if ( keyPress.Key == RLKey.Left )
{
didPlayerAct = CommandSystem.MovePlayer( Direction.Left );
}
else if ( keyPress.Key == RLKey.Right )
{
didPlayerAct = CommandSystem.MovePlayer( Direction.Right );
}
else if ( keyPress.Key == RLKey.Escape )
{
_rootConsole.Close();
}
}
if ( didPlayerAct )
{
_renderRequired = true;
CommandSystem.EndPlayerTurn();
}
}
else
{
CommandSystem.ActivateMonsters();
_renderRequired = true;
}
}
Everything should build now and if you run the game you’ll see that monsters will now chase the player around and attack. The scheduling system that we implemented last time is all hooked up now too.
Code on GitHub
As always the code for the tutorial series so far can be found on GitHub:
Bored waiting for the next tutorial? The complete tutorial project is already finished and the source code is available on Github:
- Sample Roguelike game using RogueSharp and RLNet console
- Sample Roguelike game using RogueSharp and SadConsole
Final Thoughts
This was a long post with a lot of code but it should pave the way for adding more monsters and more interesting behaviors in the future.


Boppy is a male German Shepherd dog that was born in 2013.
Most German shepherd dogs are known to be for security but ours is just a pet and has been trained not to bite.
Just like most dogs Boppy also likes being taken for a walk.
If you want to learn morevisit to learn more
Boppy only eats cooked food which comprises of meat or chicken.
It is fed once a day and that is evening hours.
He is provided with water on a daily basis


--- layout: home title: The Corces Lab subtitle: Gladstone Institute For Neurological Disease, UCSF use-site-title: false ---
The Corces Lab started in July 2020 as part of the Gladstone Institutes of Neurological Disease and Data Science and Biotechnology and the UCSF Department of Neurology. We combine integrative epigenomic profiling of primary human disease tissue with functional perturbations using in vitro and murine models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. The lab is located in the Gladstone Institutes on the UCSF Mission Bay campus.
We are always looking for motivated graduate students and postdoctoral fellows to join the team! Interested trainees should contact Ryan to talk about potential projects.


|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object java.util.AbstractCollection<E> java.util.AbstractQueue<E>
E
- the type of elements held in this collectionpublic abstract class AbstractQueue<E>
This class provides skeletal implementations of some Queue
operations. The implementations in this class are appropriate when
the base implementation does not allow null
elements. Methods add
, remove
, and
element
are based on offer
, poll
, and peek
, respectively but throw
exceptions instead of indicating failure via false or
null returns.
A Queue implementation that extends this class must
minimally define a method Queue.offer(E)
which does not permit
insertion of null elements, along with methods Queue.peek()
, Queue.poll()
, Collection.size()
, and a
Collection.iterator()
supporting Iterator.remove()
. Typically, additional methods will be overridden
as well. If these requirements cannot be met, consider instead
subclassing AbstractCollection
.
This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
protected |
AbstractQueue()
Constructor for use by subclasses. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
boolean |
add(E o)
Adds the specified element to this queue. |
boolean |
addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)
Adds all of the elements in the specified collection to this queue. |
void |
clear()
Removes all of the elements from this collection. |
E |
element()
Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue. |
E |
remove()
Retrieves and removes the head of this queue. |
| Methods inherited from class java.util.AbstractCollection |
|---|
contains, containsAll, isEmpty, iterator, remove, removeAll, retainAll, size, toArray, toArray, toString |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
| Methods inherited from interface java.util.Queue |
|---|
offer, peek, poll |
| Methods inherited from interface java.util.Collection |
|---|
contains, containsAll, equals, hashCode, isEmpty, iterator, remove, removeAll, retainAll, size, toArray, toArray |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
protected AbstractQueue()
| Method Detail |
|---|
public boolean add(E o)
add
in interface Collection<E>
add
in class AbstractCollection<E>
o
- the element
NullPointerException
- if the specified element is null
IllegalStateException
- if element cannot be addedpublic E remove()
remove
in interface Queue<E>
NoSuchElementException
- if this queue is empty.public E element()
element
in interface Queue<E>
NoSuchElementException
- if this queue is empty.public void clear()
This implementation repeatedly invokes poll
until it
returns null.
clear
in interface Collection<E>
clear
in class AbstractCollection<E>
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)
This implementation iterates over the specified collection, and adds each element returned by the iterator to this collection, in turn. A runtime exception encountered while trying to add an element (including, in particular, a null element) may result in only some of the elements having been successfully added when the associated exception is thrown.
addAll
in interface Collection<E>
addAll
in class AbstractCollection<E>
c
- collection whose elements are to be added to this collection.
NullPointerException
- if the specified collection or
any of its elements are null.
IllegalArgumentException
- if c is this queue.add(Object)
|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
Copyright © 2004, 2010 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.


In November I travelled to the US for DEMA 2009 in Orlando. During a stop over in LA, I signed up for a T-Mobile HotSpot account so that I could get access to wifi at a range of locations around the States. I signed up for the month-to-month advanced payment option.
Today I logged into the T-Mobile website to de-activate my account, and found that there was no way I could terminate my account in the "Account Management self serve" area. Thumbs down to T-Mobile - they seem happy to make it easy to take a customer's money, but they have no easy was to terminate an account.
I found the contact section, intending to send an email, and instead got onto a web chat. I was quickly connected to an operator named Cavin, who was polite and helpful. I explained my situation, and he advised that I would have to call and speak to an operator. Reminding him that I was in Australia, he took the initiative to contact the hotspot team on my behalf, relaying the questions using the webchat. In a few minutes I had a confirmation number and confirmation that my account would be terminated at the end of the current (pre-paid) month.
Thanks to Cavin and T-Mobile for being customer focused. Thumbs up for your customer service.


Education
Masters in Computer Engineering June 2021
Courses : Computer Vision, Machine Learning for Robotics, Cryptography
Back to the student life , I am thrilled to study at Georgia Tech my dream college and make some good Friends. The experience of studying abroad is one of its kind and I feel lucky to be given that opportunity.
B-Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering June 2016 GPA (8.14/10)
Courses: Computer Architecture, Computer Networks, Microprocessors, Data Structures and AlgorithmsThose four years at NIT Warangal couldn't be more interesting. A boy came into the college and a men left. It was my first time staying away from the family, it helped me to become more independent and take responsibilities. made friends for life , one of the best days of my life.


Widget for an interactive selection and modification of a color gradient. 'gradientPickerD3' allows addition, removement and replacement of color ticks. List of numeric values will automatically translate in their corresponding tick position within the numeric range. App returns a data.frame containing tick values, colors and the positions in percent (0.0 to 1.0) for each color tick in the gradient. The original JS 'jquery-gradient-picker' was implemented by Matt Crinklaw-Vogt (nick: tantaman) <https://github.com/tantaman/>. Widget and JS modifications were done by CD. Peikert.
| Version: | <IP_ADDRESS> |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.3.1) |
| Imports: | htmlwidgets, jsonlite, shiny |
| Published: | 2017-09-15 |
| Author: | Christian D. Peikert [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | Christian D. Peikert <christian.peikert at biologie.uni-freiburg.de> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/peikert/gradientPickerD3/issues |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| URL: | https://github.com/peikert/gradientPickerD3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README |
| CRAN checks: | gradientPickerD3 results |
| Reference manual: | gradientPickerD3.pdf |
| Package source: | gradientPickerD3_<IP_ADDRESS>.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: gradientPickerD3_<IP_ADDRESS>.zip, r-release: gradientPickerD3_<IP_ADDRESS>.zip, r-oldrel: gradientPickerD3_<IP_ADDRESS>.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: gradientPickerD3_<IP_ADDRESS>.tgz, r-oldrel: gradientPickerD3_<IP_ADDRESS>.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gradientPickerD3 to link to this page.


HTML Attributes
HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements. All elements can have attributes, and atributes have to be specified in the start tag with the format attribute=value.
In the above example, the image tag has 3 attributes:
- src: The source attribute contains the URL of the image, which tells the browser where to find it. We can change the displayed image by changing the value of src, but please use a valid URL, or the browser won't be able to find the image.
- width: The width attribute tells us the width of the displayed image.
- height: the height attribute tells us the height of the displayed image.
Let's play around with the above example and see how these attributes affect our image!
The Anchor Element <a>
The HTML <a> element (or anchor element), with its href attribute, creates a hyperlink to web pages, files, email addresses, locations in the same page, or anything else a URL can address. If the href attribute is present, clicking on the <a> tag will bring you to the destination specified by the href. Set up your destination below, and use the 'click me' link to get there.


Video shows Arizona deputy pinning 15-year-old amputee with no arms or legs to the ground
by KABCTUCSON, Arizona -- An Arizona sheriff's deputy is under scrutiny over an arrest of a 15-year-old boy with no arms and legs that was caught on video.
The disturbing video shows the quadruple amputee being pinned down by the deputy at a group home in Tucson, where the teen had allegedly been causing a disturbance.
The video shows the boy, struggling to move and screaming as the deputy pins hims to the ground while yelling at him to stop resisting. The teen was arrested but the charges have now been dropped and the incident is under investigation.


@import uk.gov.hmrc.hmrcfrontend.views.html.components._ @this(hmrcPageHeading : HmrcPageHeading) @() @hmrcPageHeading(PageHeading( text = "Sorry, there is a problem with the service" ))
Try again later.
You can change other VAT details.
Contact the Income Tax Helpline if you need to speak to someone about your tax calculation.


Using JRuby
Run the features:
jruby bin/cucumber-jvm --glue src/test/resources src/test/resources
Customizing JRuby
You can define GEM_PATH
to tell JRuby where to load gems from.
These values can be defined in any of the three places:
- In an Environment variable
- In a System property (for example
-DGEM_PATH=src/test/gems
- In a
cucumber.properties
properties file on yourCLASSPATH
.
Sample cucumber.properties
file:
GEM_PATH=${basedir}/src/test/gems


About Me
Description
Hey everyone! My name is Pranav Byakod. I'm currently a junior at Santa Clara University, pursuing a degree in Computer Science and Mathematics.
Currently, I'm adept at programming in C++, Python, and Javascript. Since enrolling in UC Berkeley's full stack coding bootcamp, I've been learning and practicing web-based coding programs such as git, command line, html, and css. Apart from developing code, I enjoy playing football, swimming, music, travelling, and cooking.
If you'd like to contact me through either social media, email, phone, github, or even linkedin, simply navigate to the contact dropdown button on the navigation bar.
To view the projects I've recently worked on, scroll onto the portfolio section and click on whichever card you'd like.
Portfolio
Stocking: The One-Stop Stock Destination
This multi-functional website provides users with quick and up-to-date stock information, as well as the latest news around the world. Users who wish to view the stock trend of a particular company can do so at the click of a button, while also catching up on financial updates happening across the economy.
Clove: Community Local Organic Vegetable Exchange
CLOVE is a community engagement application for backyard gardeners and lovers of fresh local produce. Producers can list their harvests for others to see, and consumers can use the interface to search for local produce. Additionally, you’ll find links to resources that can put you in touch with local charities that accept food donations.


Match Play. Red trails 2-5 to 7. How should Red play 55?
pips Red=88 White=113
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
Another very easy one!
With a live cube (and probably in the centre) 23/1392) would be correct but here the cube is dead and gammons count hugely in Red’s favour and so 23/3* is very clear.
With a live cube (and probably in the centre) 23/1392) would be correct but here the cube is dead and gammons count hugely in Red’s favour and so 23/3* is very clear.
1. Cubeful 2-ply 23/3* Eq.: +0.654 0.617 0.301 0.002 - 0.383 0.076 0.003 2. Cubeful 2-ply 23/13(2) Eq.: +0.593 (-0.061) 0.729 0.096 0.001 - 0.271 0.034 0.001 3. Cubeful 0-ply 23/8 23/18 Eq.: +0.038 (-0.616) 0.448 0.101 0.001 - 0.552 0.110 0.004 4. Cubeful 0-ply 23/18(2) 6/1(2) Eq.: -0.053 (-0.706) 0.435 0.057 0.000 - 0.565 0.144 0.001 5. Cubeful 0-ply 23/13 23/18 6/1 Eq.: -0.291 (-0.945) 0.306 0.070 0.001 - 0.694 0.284 0.014


The YARN service registry can be used in a numbe of ways :-
A user of the registry may be both a publisher of entries —Service Records— and a consumer of other services located via their service records. Different parts of a distributed application may also use it for different purposes. As an example, the Application Master of a YARN application can publish bindings for use by its worker containers. The code running in the containers which can then look up the bindings to communicate with that manager even if it was restarted on different nodes in the cluster. Client applications can look up external service endpoints to interact with the AM via a public API.
The registry cannot be used:-
This record MAY have application attempt persistence policy of and an ID of the application attempt
yarn:persistence = "application_attempt" yarn:id = ${application_attemptId}
This means that the record will be deleted when the application attempt completes, even if a new attempt is created. Every Application attempt will have to re-register the endpoint —which may be needed to locate the service anyway.
Alternatively, the record MAY have the persistence policy of “application”:
yarn:persistence = "application_attempt" yarn:id = application_attemptId
The choice of path is an application specific one. For services with a YARN application name guaranteed to be unique, we recommend a convention of:
/users/${username}/applications/${service-class}/${instance-name}
Alternatively, the application Id can be used in the path:
/users/${username}/applications/${service-class}/${applicationId}
The latter makes mapping a YARN application listing entry to a service record trivial.
Client applications may locate the service
After locating a service record, the client can enumerate the external bindings and locate the entry with the desired API.
Here all containers in a YARN application are publishing service endpoints for public consumption.
They then a register service record on a path consisting of:
${base-path} + "/" + RegistryPathUtils.encodeYarnID(containerId)
This record should have the container persistence policy an ID of the container
yarn:persistence = "container" yarn:id = containerId
When the container is terminated, the entry will be automatically deleted.
The exported service endpoints of this container-deployed service should be listed in the external endpoint list of the service record.
Services which are generally fixed in a cluster, but which need to publish binding and configuration information may be published in the registry. Example: an Apache Oozie service. Services external to the cluster to which deployed applications may also be published. Example: An Amazon Dynamo instance.
These services can be registered under paths which belong to the users running the service, such as /users/oozie or /users/hbase. Client applications would use this path. While this can authenticate the validity of the service record, it does rely on the client applications knowing the username a service is deployed on, or being configured with the full path.
The alternative is for the services to be deployed under a static services path, under /services. For example, /services/oozie could contain the registration of the Oozie service. As the permissions for this path are restricted to pre-configured system accounts, the presence of a service registration on this path on a secure cluster, confirms that it was registered by the cluster administration tools.
Here YARN containers register with their AM to receive work, usually by some heartbeat mechanism where they report in regularly. If the AM is configured for containers to outlive the application attempt, when an AM fails the containers keep running. These containers will need to bind to any restarted AM. They may also wish to conclude that if an AM does not restart, that they should eventually time out and terminate themselves. Such a policy helps the application react to network partitions.
Management ports and bindings are simply others endpoint to publish. These should be published as internal endpoints, as they are not intended for public consumption.
A client application wishes to locate all services implementing a specific API, such as "classpath://org.apache.hbase"
This algorithm describes a depth first search of the registry tree. Variations are of course possible, including breadth-first search, or immediately halting the search as soon as a single entry point. There is also the option of parallel searches of different subtrees —this may reduce search time, albeit at the price of a higher client load on the registry infrastructure.
A utility class RegistryUtils provides static utility methods for common registry operations,in particular, RegistryUtils.listServiceRecords(registryOperations, path) performs the listing and collection of all immediate child record entries of a specified path.
Client applications are left with the problem of “what to do when the endpoint is not valid”, specifically, when a service is not running —what should be done?
Some transports assume that the outage is transient, and that spinning retries against the original binding is the correct strategy. This is the default policy of the Hadoop IPC client.
 This is directly visible to the client —but does allow the client to rescan the registry and rebind to the application.
Finally, some application have been designed for dynamic failover from the outset: their published binding information is actually a zookeeper path. Apache HBase and Apache Accumulo are examples of this. The registry is used for the initial lookup of the binding, after which the clients are inherently resilient to failure.


@remarks If Count already equals the capacity, the capacity of the Stack is increased by automatically reallocating the internal array, and the existing elements are copied to the new array before the new element is added.
If Count is less than the capacity of the stack, Push is an O(1) operation. If the capacity needs to be increased to accommodate the new element, Push becomes an O(n) operation, where n is Count.
@examples The following example shows how to add elements to the Stack, remove elements from the Stack, or view the element at the top of the Stack.Public Sub Main() ' Creates an initializes a new Stack. Dim MyStack As New Stack MyStack.Push "The" MyStack.Push "quick" MyStack.Push "brown" MyStack.Push "fox" ' Displays the Stack. Debug.Print "Stack values:"; PrintValues MyStack ' Removes an element from the Stack. Debug.Print t("(Pop)\t\t") & MyStack.Pop ' Displays the Stack. Debug.Print "Stack values:"; PrintValues MyStack ' Removes another element from the Stack. Debug.Print t("(Pop)\t\t") & MyStack.Pop ' Displays the Stack. Debug.Print "Stack values:"; PrintValues MyStack ' Views the first element in the Stack but does not remove it. Debug.Print t("(Peek)\t\t") & MyStack.Peek ' Displays the Stack. Debug.Print "Stack values:"; PrintValues MyStack End Sub Private Sub PrintValues(ByVal MyCollection As IEnumerable) Dim Item As Variant For Each Item In MyCollection Debug.Print vbTab & Item; Next Debug.Print End Sub ' This example code produce the following output. ' ' Stack values: fox brown quick The ' (Pop) fox ' Stack values: brown quick The ' (Pop) brown ' Stack Values: quick The ' (Peek) quick ' Stack Values: quick The


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Let $S\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n$. We say that $\vec{a}$ is an accumulation point of $S$ if $\vec{a}$ is a limit point of $S\backslash\{\vec{a}\}$.
The set of all accumulaion points is denoted $S^a$.
If a point $\vec{a}\in S\backslash S^a$, then we call this an isolated point.
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Arusha National Park
About Arusha National Park Day Tour
Arusha National Park Day Tour. So close to Arusha town, this A park provides the opportunity for an excellent day-trip. Its shallow lakes and the wide Ngurdoto Crater are the chosen environment for a wealth of wonderful wildlife. Might Mount Meru towers above, a spectacular backdrop. In the morning, we will collect you from your hotel in Arusha and take you to the Arusha National Park. The park has an incredible variety of fauna and flora, which cannot fail to impress. Hollywood also chose this region to film the movie “Hatari” in which Hardy Kruger starred alongside the legendary John Wayne. Your day trip will include a visit to the Ngurdo Crater. Buffaloes, waterbucks, giraffes, warthogs, zebras and baboons can be seen all year round as well as many different bird species.


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I grew up in Boise Idaho, graduated at Boise High School in 2004 and then went on to study music at Boise State University. A few years into my program, life took me on a different path and I entered the work force. I held various jobs, many of which were in the food service industry. Some of my favorites included teaching the sport of fencing and being an in home caretaker. I eventually settled into management in the food service industry. As time passed I grew restless and decided I would go back to school and study to be a computer programmer.
My interests include gaming- computer, tabletop and board; Music- listening, playing and composing; fencing, hiking, cooking, juggling and reading.
I really enjoy games, so much so that I have made a very basic one on this page. Somewhere on this page there is a button that is hidden. Your objective is to find the button. If you do I will reward you with a poem. Here is a hint, the button is very small, it is only about the size of this letter 'm'. Also, the mouse acts kind of funny when it is hovering over the button. I will tell you when you find it. Happy hunting
Sadly, your device is too small for this game's reward to work well, please try it in a larger window on your computer.
This is a website I made with Callan Mcnulty for the band The Archies. We used html and css.
This is a website I made with Sky Rousse as I was learning html. We used html on this project. All images and facts used in this site are from the website Spurious Correlations.
This is a website I made with Lauren Posey for a fictional resort island. We used html and css.
This is a website I made with Patrick Lipscomb. We were learning about bootstrap and focused on learning how to make carousels and modal windows work. We used html, css, bootstrap and javascript.
This is a website I made with Patrick Lipscomb. We were learning about customising the look of a webpage with bootstrap and were working on recreating the look of the wikipedia homepage. It is still a work in progress. We used html, css, bootstrap and javascript.
This is a website I made with Callan Mcnulty for the purpose of learning to simplify css with the intelligent use of div tags. We used html and css.
This is a website I made with Callan Mcnulty for the purpose of learning to simplify css with the intelligent use of div tags and classes. We used html and css.
This is a website I made with Callan Mcnulty for an imaginary animal shelter. We were working with the box model. We used html and css.
This is a website I made with Callan Mcnulty for the purpose of learning to individually style elements with css with div tags. We used html and css.
This is a website I made with Callan Mcnulty for the purpose of learning to style elements with div tags. We used html and css.
This is a website I made with Sky Rousse as I was learning html. We used html on this project.