| I l@ve RuBoard |
Striving to better, oft we mar what's well.
King Lear 1.4
There's an old(ish) joke about a U.S. company that places an order for 100,000 integrated circuits with a Japanese manufacturer. Part of the specification was the defect rate: one chip in 10,000. A few weeks later the order arrived: one large box containing thousands of ICs, and a small one containing just ten. Attached to the small box was a label that read: "These are the faulty ones."
If only we really had this kind of control over quality. But the real world just won't let us produce much that's truly perfect, particularly not bug-free software. Time, technology, and temperament all conspire against us.
However, this doesn't have to be frustrating. As Ed Yourdon described in an article in IEEE Software [You95], you can discipline yourself to write software that's good enough—good enough for your users, for future maintainers, for your own peace of mind. You'll find that you are more productive and your users are happier. And you may well find that your programs are actually better for their shorter incubation.
Before we go any further, we need to qualify what we're about to say. The phrase "good enough" does not imply sloppy or poorly produced code. All systems must meet their users' requirements to be successful. We are simply advocating that users be given an opportunity to participate in the process of deciding when what you've produced is good enough.
Normally you're writing software for other people. Often you'll remember to get requirements from them.[2] But how often do you ask them how good they want their software to be? Sometimes there'll be no choice. If you're working on pacemakers, the space shuttle, or a low-level library that will be widely disseminated, the requirements will be more stringent and your options more limited. However, if you're working on a brand new product, you'll have different constraints. The marketing people will have promises to keep, the eventual end users may have made plans based on a delivery schedule, and your company will certainly have cash-flow constraints. It would be unprofessional to ignore these users' requirements simply to add new features to the program, or to polish up the code just one more time. We're not advocating panic: it is equally unprofessional to promise impossible time scales and to cut basic engineering corners to meet a deadline.
[2] That was supposed to be a joke!
The scope and quality of the system you produce should be specified as part of that system's requirements.
Tip 7
Make Quality a Requirements Issue
Often you'll be in situations where trade-offs are involved. Surprisingly, many users would rather use software with some rough edges today than wait a year for the multimedia version. Many IT departments with tight budgets would agree. Great software today is often preferable to perfect software tomorrow. If you give your users something to play with early, their feedback will often lead you to a better eventual solution (see Tracer Bullets).
In some ways, programming is like painting. You start with a blank canvas and certain basic raw materials. You use a combination of science, art, and craft to determine what to do with them. You sketch out an overall shape, paint the underlying environment, then fill in the details. You constantly step back with a critical eye to view what you've done. Every now and then you'll throw a canvas away and start again.
But artists will tell you that all the hard work is ruined if you don't know when to stop. If you add layer upon layer, detail over detail, the painting becomes lost in the paint.
Don't spoil a perfectly good program by overembellishment and over-refinement. Move on, and let your code stand in its own right for a while. It may not be perfect. Don't worry: it could never be perfect. (In Chapter 6, we'll discuss philosophies for developing code in an imperfect world.)
Look at the manufacturers of the software tools and operating systems that you use. Can you find any evidence that these companies are comfortable shipping software they know is not perfect? As a user, would you rather (1) wait for them to get all the bugs out, (2) have complex software and accept some bugs, or (3) opt for simpler software with fewer defects?
Consider the effect of modularization on the delivery of software. Will it take more or less time to get a monolithic block of software to the required quality compared with a system designed in modules? Can you find commercial examples?
| I l@ve RuBoard |


13
22
30ft
(+2 proficiency bonus)
Con (+3), Str (+2)
Perception +1, Stealth +5
darkvision 120ft, passive Perception 11
Common, Draconic
1/2 (100 XP)
The kapak can use its wings to glide, negating any damage from a fall of any height. It can also travel horizontally up to four times the vertical distance it descends.
When the kapak dies, its body instantly dissolves into a 5-foot radius pool of acid. All creatures within this area suffer 4 (1d8) points of acid damage each round they remain in the pool. The acid evaporates in 1 minute. All armor, weapons, an items carried by the kapak suffer damage from the acid as well.
The kapak’s poison doesn’t affect other kapaks.
The kapak deals an extra 7 (2d6) damage when it hits a target with a weapon attack and has advantage on the attack roll, or when the target is within 5 feet of an ally of the kapak that isn’t incapacitated and the kapak doesn’t have disadvantage on the roll.
Melee Weapon Attack: +3 to hit, reach 5 ft., one target. Hit: 4 (1d6 + 1) piercing damage and the target must make a DC 11 Constitution saving throw, becoming poisoned and paralyzed on a failed save for 10 minutes.
Melee Weapon Attack: +3 to hit, reach 5 ft., one target. Hit: 4 (1d6 + 1) piercing damage and the target must make a DC 11 Constitution saving throw, becoming poisoned and paralyzed on a failed save for 10 minutes.
Melee Weapon Attack: +3 to hit, reach 5 ft., one target. Hit: 4 (1d6 + 1) slashing damage.
Ranged Weapon Attack: +3 to hit, range 80/320 ft., one target. Hit: 4 (1d6 + 1) piercing damage.


Reset
To read about the Pomodoro technique please refer to Pomodoro Technique on Wikipedia.
This extension is open source and available on github.com/ada/pomodoro-timer.


The project is set up as an Android library, so to use it in Eclipse, import the project and mark it as a library dependency for your own project.
This documentation is a bit more low-level than most OpenXC application developers will require. Most developers will be more interested in the documentation at openxcplatform.com. These Javadocs are made available primarily as a better interface for looking at the library internals (although try browsing the code on GitHub, it's quite nice!).


Hey, welcome and take a look
This is a photographic journal of Maja Cvetkovic, an amateur photographer based in Nis, Serbia.


2.10. Code Blocks Use Indentation
Code blocks are identified by indentation rather than using symbols like curly braces. Without extra symbols, programs are easier to read. Also, indentation clearly identifies which block of code a statement belongs to. Of course, code blocks can consist of single statements, too.
When one is new to Python, indentation may comes as a surprise. Humans generally prefer to avoid change, so perhaps after many years of coding with brace delimitation, the first impression of using pure indentation may not be completely positive. However, recall that two of Python's features are that it is simplistic in nature and easy to read. If you have a strong dislike of indentation as a delimitation ***, we invite you to revisit this notion half a year from now. More than likely, you will have discovered that life without braces is not as bad as you had originally thought.
|


Here you can find all destinations that we offer with their itinerary.
Thailand
£ £
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Visit of Bangkok
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Visit of Bangkok
Australia
£ £ £
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Visit of Sydney
Day 7: Night with the kangoroos
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Visit of Sydney
Day 7: Night with the kangoroos
Indonesia
£ £
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Visit of Jakarta
Day 7: Visit of Bali - 1 free massage
Day 10: Visit of Borneo
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Visit of Jakarta
Day 7: Visit of Bali - 1 free massage
Day 10: Visit of Borneo
France
£ £ £
Day 1: Eiffel Tower
Day 5: Visit of Paris - 1 free croissant
Day 7: Visit of Nancy
Day 1: Eiffel Tower
Day 5: Visit of Paris - 1 free croissant
Day 7: Visit of Nancy
Malaysia
£ £
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Visit of Kuala Lumpur
Day 6: Night with the Komodo
Day 8: Visit of Malacca
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Visit of Kuala Lumpur
Day 6: Night with the Komodo
Day 8: Visit of Malacca
UAE
£ £ £
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Visit of Dubai
Day 7: Visit of Abu Dhabi
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Visit of Dubai
Day 7: Visit of Abu Dhabi
Peru
£
Day 1: Montains
Day 5: Visit of Kuzco
Day 7: Visit of Machu Pichu
Day 1: Montains
Day 5: Visit of Kuzco
Day 7: Visit of Machu Pichu
Martinique
£
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Visit of Fort-de-France
Day 7: Cocktail Party
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Visit of Fort-de-France
Day 7: Cocktail Party
Sweden
£ £
Day 1: Visit of Oslo
Day 5: Night with Aurora borealis
Day 7: Visit of Santa Claus
Day 1: Visit of Oslo
Day 5: Night with Aurora borealis
Day 7: Visit of Santa Claus
Mauritius
£ £ £
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Beach
Day 7: Coktail
Day 1: Beach
Day 5: Beach
Day 7: Coktail
Venise
£ £
Day 1: Visit of the town
Day 5: Carnaval
Day 1: Visit of the town
Day 5: Carnaval
Berlin
£
Day 1: Visit of Berlin by bus
Day 5: Dinner at Alexander Platz 360
Day 7: Visit of the Wall
Day 1: Visit of Berlin by bus
Day 5: Dinner at Alexander Platz 360
Day 7: Visit of the Wall


Jon Postel
Jon Postel was one of three key figures who was involved with inventing the Internet Domain Name System that we all use today while accessing the internet. The DNS enables us to access websites on the World Wide Web.
Postel earned a Ph.D. in computer science from UCLA in 1974. In addition to his work on DNS, he also contributed to the creation of several other vital internet protocols and standards, such as TCP/IP and SMTP. He was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame in 2012.


Impeachment FOIAs
by BRIEFWASHINGTON — Two impeachment-related FOIA complaints were filed Wednesday against the State Department: Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington wants records on U.S. security assistance and military aid for Ukraine; and the Democracy Forward Foundation wants information on State Department officials’ correspondence about Hunter Biden, both in D.C. Federal Court.
Copyright © 2019 courthousenews.com


Please wait to be connected...
Please call the video hearings team on {{ contact.phone }} to let us know.


Bastian Schiffthaler, Nicolas Delhomme
Computes an assembly quality statistic from raw reads and assembled transcripts
Can run in reference guided and reference free modes
Computes Bayesian statistic based on the (mis)match of expected transcript coverage and observed transcript coverage
You MUST use the library used for the assembly
Example command:
Step 1
conda deactivate
conda activate detonate
rsem-eval-estimate-transcript-length-distribution \
~/share/Day3/writable/bastian/assemblies/139.ORP.fasta \
detonate.param
Step 2
rsem-eval-calculate-score --bowtie2 -p 4 \
--transcript-length-parameters detonate.param --paired-end \
~/share/Day3/writable/bastian/P11562_139_S36_L001_subset_1.fq.gz \
~/share/Day3/writable/bastian/P11562_139_S36_L001_subset_2.fq.gz \
~/share/Day3/writable/bastian/assemblies/139.ORP.fasta 139_ORP 500
Detonate scores are always negative, but higher values (less negative) are better.
Example command:
conda deactivate
conda activate orp
transrate \
--assembly=~/share/Day3/writable/bastian/assemblies/139.ORP.fasta \
--left=~/share/Day3/writable/bastian/P11562_139_S36_L001_subset_1.fq.gz \
--right=~/share/Day3/writable/bastian/P11562_139_S36_L001_subset_2.fq.gz \
--threads=4
C:98.1%[S:35.7%,D:62.4%],F:0.9%,M:1.0%,n:1375
1349 Complete BUSCOs (C)
491 Complete and single-copy BUSCOs (S)
858 Complete and duplicated BUSCOs (D)
13 Fragmented BUSCOs (F)
13 Missing BUSCOs (M)
1375 Total BUSCO groups searched
Example command
conda deactivate
conda activate busco
run_BUSCO.py \
-i ~/share/Day3/writable/bastian/assemblies/139.ORP.fasta \
-c 4 -m tran -o 139.orp \
-l ~/share/Day3/reference/embryophyta_odb10


solbuild
- Solus package builder
solbuild [subcommand] <flags>
solbuild(1)
is a chroot(2)
based package build system, used to safely and
efficiently build Solus packages from source.
solbuild(1)
makes use of OverlayFS
to provide a simple caching system, whereby
a base image (provided by the Solus project) is used as the bottom-most, read-only
layer, and changes are made in temporary upper layers.
When building package.yml
files (ypkg
), the tool will also disable all
networking within the environment, apart from the loopback device. This is
intended to prevent uncontrolled build environments in which a package may
be fetching external, unverified sources, during the build.
This behaviour can be turned off on a package basis, by setting the networking
key to true
within the YML file. This should only be used when it is completely
unavoidable, however, as the container mechanism is there for a reason. Trust.
With both build types, legacy and ypkg
, the tool will enter an isolated namespace
using the unshare(2)
system call. It intends to provide a highly controlled
build environment, and providing a robust container in which to build packages
intended for use in production.
These options apply to all subcommands within solbuild(1)
.
-h
, --help
Help provides an explanation for any command or subcommand. Without any specified subcommands it will list the main subcommands for the application.
-n
, --no-color
Disable text colourisation in the output from solbuild
and all child
processes.
-p
, --profile
Set the build configuration profile to use with all operations.
-d
, --debug
Enable extra logging messages with debug level, useful to assist in further introspection of the environment setup and teardown..
build [package.yml] | [pspec.xml]
Build the given package in a chroot environment, and upon success,
store those packages in the current directory.
If you do not pass a package file as an argument to `build`, it will look
for the files in the current working directory. The priority is always given
to `package.yml` files, falling back to `pspec.xml`, the legacy build format.
-t
, --tmpfs
:
Instruct `solbuild(1)` to use a `tmpfs` mount as the bottom most point
in the chroot layer system. This can drastically improve build times,
as most of the changes are happening purely in memory. If running on
a memory constrained device, please consider setting an appropriate
upper constraint. See the next flag for more details.
-m
, --memory
Set the contraint size for `tmpfs` mounts used by `solbuild(1)`. This is
only useful in conjunction with the `-t` option.
chroot [package.yml] | [pspec.xml]
Interactively chroot into the package's build environment, to enable
further inspection when issues aren't immediately resolvable, i.e. pkg-config
dependencies.
delete-cache
Delete all of the build roots under `/var/cache/solbuild`. Although `solbuild(1)`
employs many cache efficient methods in which to save on space and time, we
retain the build roots after builds to allow inspection and chrooting.
Using this command will remove ALL roots from the cache. You should ensure
you are not already running any builds whilst calling this command, as it may
lead to undefined behaviour.
-a
, --all
In addition to deleting the build root caches, the packages, sources,
and ccache/sccache (compiler) caches will also be purged from disk.
index [directory]
Use the given build profile to construct a repository index in the
given directory. If a directory is not specified, then the current directory
is used. This directory will be mounted inside the container and the Solus
machinery will be used to create a repository.
-t
, --tmpfs
:
Instruct `solbuild(1)` to use a `tmpfs` mount as the bottom most point
in the chroot layer system. This can help to speed up indexing of large
repositories.
-m
, --memory
Set the contraint size for `tmpfs` mounts used by `solbuild(1)`. This is
only useful in conjunction with the `-t` option.
init
Initialise a solbuild profile so that it can be used for subsequent
builds. You must perform this step if you wish to do any kind of useful
operations with `solbuild(1)`.
The init command respects the global `--profile` option, however you
may pass the name of the profile as an argument instead if you wish.
-u
, --update
Passing the update flag will cause `solbuild(1)` to automatically update
the base image, after it has successfully initialised it.
update [profile]
Update the base image of the specified solbuild profile, helping to
minimize the build times in future updates with this profile.
The update command respects the global `--profile` option, however you
may pass the name of the profile as an argument instead if you wish.
version
Print the version and copyright notice of `solbuild(1)` and exit.
On success, 0 is returned. A non-zero return code signals a failure.
solbuild.conf(5)
, solbuild.profile(5)
https://github.com/getsolus/solbuild
https://github.com/getsolus/ypkg
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported


Sanara Car Rental Service For Your Safe Journeys
We are having friendly, well experienced and reliable Staff for your services in every situation


This article describes the ISO 9660 file system format used on compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM). CD-ROMs have become so popular (and cheap) that its market share grew exponential over the last years. Therefore, it is worthwhile to examine the file system used on CD-ROMs. What makes it different to other file systems such as the UNIX File System (UFS) used on e.g. SunOS systems?
Gratien D?haese
Alcatel Bell
Switching Systems Division
May 1995
The audio compact disks are only one decade old, but surprisingly enough it pushed the vinyl records completely from the market. It was in the beginning of the 1980s that Philips and Sony introduced the Compact Disc Digital Audio (CD-DA) Standard, better known as the Red Book standard.
It was also Philips and Sony who introduced in 1984 the CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) standard, which is commonly known as the Yellow Book standard.
The computer industry immediately saw the benefits of CD-ROMs, namely:
� cheaper in production than tapes
� cheaper in shipping to customers
� less vulnerable to dust, fingerprints, magnetic fields than tapes
� large capacity, more than 600 Mbytes
� cannot be overwritten by accident, because it is a read-only medium
Therefore, it did not take long before the CD-ROM became quiet popular among developers and customers.
However, to make a CD-ROM was until last year problematic because for mastering a CD-ROM special equipment was needed. These so called CD-writers have become affordable now, so that making a CD-ROM master (which can also be read with normal CD drives) is no big deal anymore. Making duplicates (the silver CD-ROMs) from a master (the golden CD-ROM) costs about 60 BEF a piece, which is a fair price!
The only problem was that CD-ROMs were not interchangeable amongst different computer architectures. The ISO 9660 standard was created to define the external characteristics of data on a CD-ROM to make it architecture independent. The first standard did not quite go far enough, so an ad hoc committee of hardware and software suppliers met at the High Sierra Hotel in Nevada (USA) and drew up a proposal for the ?High Sierra? format for CD-ROM file structure. The previous ISO 9660 standard and the High Sierra file structure were combined into a complete ISO 9660 standard (1988).
There are almost 6 million CD readers sold until now, which proves that CD-ROMs are a very popular medium among the commercial and non-commercial end-users.
Colour books of standards
The Compact Disc Digital Audio (CD-DA) standard (or just CD) made by Philips and Sony in the early 1980s became the de facto standard for all audio discs, and means that any CD plays on any audio CD drive. This standard became known as the Red Book. The Red Book specifies that the audio data is on the CD in one or more tracks. Each track is normally one song. These tracks are further subdivided into sectors that are 1/75 of a second in length and contain 2352 bytes of audio data in digital form. A maximum of 99 audio tracks may be placed on a standard Red Book disc.
In addition to the 2352 bytes of audio data, the Red Book specifies the addition of 2 layers of error detection and error correction code (EDC/ECC). The compact disc utilises the Cross Interleave Reed-Solomon Code (CIRC) in its first two layers of error protection. If a disc gets scratched or dirty and a laser cannot read the data, the CD player uses the CIRC to recreate the music.
Each sector is also assigned 98 control
bytes, which control the timing information that the CD player
uses to display the length of each song.
The Yellow Book standard was introduced by Philips and Sony in 1984 which defined the Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) layout.
The Yellow Book further defined the Red Book by adding two new types of tracks.
The track type defined in the Red Book is:
� CD-Audio, for audio music.
The two new track types defined in the Yellow Book are:
� CD-ROM Mode 1, usually used for computer data.
� CD-ROM Mode 2, usually used for compressed audio data, and video/picture data. Also, usually further defined as XA (eXtended Architecture).
The CD-ROM Mode 1 and Mode 2 tracks use the Red Book specifications as a foundation. The difference between the Red Book and the Yellow Book is a redefinition of the 2352 byte Red Book data area.
Furthermore, the Yellow Book CD-ROM Mode 1 and Mode 2 use the same track layout as the Red Book specification, including the error correction and control bytes. The fundamental difference between the two Yellow Book CD-ROM modes is the way in which they use the main data segment.
The Yellow Book CD-ROM Mode 1 defines the ISO 9960 and non-ISO 9660 standards. The ISO 9660 compliant CD-ROMs are readable by any kind of (modern) operating systems, such as DOS, UNIX, MacOS, AmigaDOS and other OSes.
The CD-ROM Mode 1 divides the 2352 byte data area defined by the Red Book standards into the following:
� 12 bytes of synchronisation
� 4 bytes of header information
� 2048 bytes of user information
� 288 bytes of error correction and detection codes.
The first 16 bytes contain the synchronisation and header information that the computer uses to determine which sector it is reading. The following 2048 bytes contain the actual user data. Together, these two subdivisions comprise the full 2352 byte portion of the Red Book standard.
The last 288 bytes carry an additional layer of error correction and direction code. This additional layer, which is found only in Mode 1, provides the reliability that is needed for certain types of computer data.
CD-ROM Mode 2 redefines the use of the 2352 byte data area as follows:
� 12 bytes of synchronisation
� 4 bytes of header information
� 2336 bytes of user data.
The main advantage of Mode 2 is that it provides an additional 14 per cent of the user data space per sector (2336 versus 2048 bytes). The reason is that Mode 2 does not have the additional EDC and ECC error correction data of Mode 1.
Mode 2 discs are normally used in extended architecture (XA) format. Even without XA, there are still two layers of error correction as defined in the Red Book standard. CD-ROM Mode 2 discs can be read by a standard CD-ROM drive, but require special software to decode and strip the user data from each sector.
CD-ROM Mode 2 allows compressed audio data and video/picture data to be incorporated on the disc, thanks to the alignment of the byte layout. The drawback is that a CD-ROM drive reading this data cannot read computer data while it?s playing audio.
The next step in CD technology was to create a file format that lent itself to the incorporation of audio and video/picture data. To define this extension to the Yellow Book standard, Sony and Philips produced the Compact Disc Read Only Memory Extended Architecture (CD-ROM/XA). The XA disc has compressed audioand computer data interleaved on the same track, so it can read the computer data and play audio on the same time.
This was a dramatic improvement on existing Yellow Book technology, and marks the point from which application discs that made best use of CD-ROM technology started to develop. CD-ROM/XA Mode 2 is subdivided into Form 1 (for computer data) and Form 2 (for compressed audio data and video/picture data).
The Compact Disc Interactive (CD-I) Media standard was released in 1987 by Philips. This standard specifies the CD-I disc layout and an operating system called CD-RTOS. This specification is known as the Green Book standard. Like CD-ROM/XA, this standard allows for the interleaving of computer data and compressed audio on the same track. The CD-I track is not shown in the table of contents on the disc. This prevents audio players from playing the CD-I track. The sector layout of a CD-I disc is identical to CD-ROM/XA. A CD-I system consists of a stand-alone CD-I player connected to a TV set.
Remember, the main drawback of a CD-ROM is, at least for some people, that it is a read-only medium (the ROM part of it?s name)! Writable mediums were needed to fulfil new (created) needs. In Frankfurt (Germany) a group was formed (guess the name) - the Frankfurt Group - which includes Philips, Sony, Kodak and others to take CD-ROM into the writable market. This became the Orange Book standard defining a CD that lets users write audio and/or data to disc. Part 1 of the Orange Book describes a Compact Disc-Magneto Optical (CD-MO) where data can be written, erased and rewritten. Part 2 describes a Compact Disc Write Once (CD-WO) where data can be written but not erased. The CD-WO is better known under it?s name CD-R where R stands for recordable. CD writers are becoming quite popular these days (and affordable).
CD-ROM Hardware
CD-ROM drives in general function like any other write-protected disk drive, and the device driver level appear quite ordinary.
CD-ROMs do not have a fixed number of sectors in a fixed-arm position. Instead, an inward spiral of records is arranged to maintain minimal latency from record to record.
Furthermore, CD-ROMs are not random access, but rather sequential access, which is why they tend to be slow, because the head hunts to find the desired record. The sectors are indexed by track in the same way cylinder, head, and sector indices are used in a hard-disk drive. With SCSI, these sectors are hidden by logical address translation in the drive?s controller. Unlike with hard drives, a separate head is not used for timing information, so each time a CD-ROM is moved for random access it must search up and down the spiral in the vicinity the head let down to find the desired sector.
CD-ROM sector sizes are large, usually 2048 bytes per sector (larger sizes are possible). Therefore, the concept of logical sectors is introduced. Each logical sector, with a constant logical sector size (= the sector size), starts in a different sector from any other logical sector.
File Systems on CD-ROM
A CD-ROM may be mastered with any kind of information on it. Sun Microsystems, for example, uses the Berkeley UNIX UFS file systems on many CD-ROMs. This make them only usable on Sun equipment, which is no big deal for a bootable CD-ROM with an operating system on it, but for distributing general information it?s a big limitation.
However, because CD-ROMs are especially suited to volume publishing of information, a standard file system useful across many kinds of architecture is very desirable. Before there was a standard on this matter some were using the High Sierra format on CD-ROM, which arranged file information in a dense, sequential layout to minimise nonsequential access.
The High Sierra file system format uses a hierarchical (eight levels of directories deep) tree file system arrangement, similar to UNIX and MS-DOS. High Sierra has a minimal set of file attributes (directory or ordinary file and time of recording) and name attributes (name, extension, and version). The designers realised they could never get people to agree on a unified definition of file attributes, so the minimum common information was encoded, and a place for future optional extensions (system use area) was defined for each file.
High Sierra was soon adapted (with changes) as an international standard (ISO 9660-1988), and the ISO 9660 file system format is now used throughout the industry.
The ISO 9660 File System
An ISO 9660 CD-ROM is described in Figure 1.
|
|
|
Figure 1: ISO
9660 CD-ROM
|
Immediately afterwards, a series of volume descriptors details the contents and kind of information contained on the disk (something like the partition table of MS-DOS).
A volume descriptor describes the characteristics of the file system information present on a given CD-ROM, or volume. It is divided into two parts;
� the type of volume descriptor, and
� the characteristics of the descriptor.
The volume descriptor is constructed in this matter so that if a program reading the disk does not understand a particular descriptor, it can just skip over it until it finds one it recognises, thus allowing the use of many different types of information on one CD-ROM. Also, if an error were to render a descriptor unreadable, a subsequent redundant copy of a descriptor could then allow for fault recovery. When checking CD-ROMs with a dump utility we find each descriptor back in a single logical sector on itself, and also a backup of the descriptor a few logical sectors further.
The minimum requirement is that it has a primary descriptor describing the ISO 9660 file system and an ending descriptor (a variable length table that contains information on how many other descriptors are present).
Little/Big Endian
In order to accommodate the two common byte orders, Big Endian (680x0, Sparc) and Little Endian (80x86, Rx000), ISO 9660 has data types which allow either and consequently are twice as big.
For example, the 32-bit integer (0x11223344) is represented as the byte sequence (0x44, 0x33, 0x22, 0x11, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44), which is essentially a binary palindrome.
This method is often referred to as 733
(section 7.3.3 from the ISO 9660 standard, both byte orders) and
is represented in Figure 2.
|
Figure 2:
Both Byte Orders
|
|
|
Figure 2 illustrates, the Big Endian addressing model assigns or maps the lowest address to the highest-order (that is, the most significant or leftmost) data byte of a multibyte-scalar data item. The Little Endianaddressing model assigns or maps the lowest address to the lowest-order (least significant or right-most) data byte of a multibyte-scalar data item.
ISO 9660 Primary Volume Descriptor
The ISO 9660 primary volume descriptor describes the characteristics of the ISO standard file system information present on a given CD-ROM (refer to Figure 3).
The ISO 9660 primary volume descriptor acts much like the superblock of the UNIX file system, providing details on the ISO 9660 compliant portion of the disk. Contained within the primary volume descriptor is the root directory record describing the location of the contiguous root directory. (As in UNIX, directories appear as files for the operating system?s special use). Directory entries are successively stored within this region. Evaluation of the ISO 9660 filenames is begun at this location. The root directory is stored as an extent, or sequential series of sectors, that contains each of the directory entries appearing in the root. In addition, since ISO 9660 works by segmenting the CD-ROM into logical blocks, the size of these blocks is found in the primary volume descriptor as well.
A CD-ROM is only compliant to the ISO 9660 file system standard if there is a primary descriptor, and when there is an ending descriptor available (e.g., the volume descriptor constitute a variable length table which contains information on how many other descriptors are present).
It is possible to have many kind of file systems and information arrangements on a single CD-ROM. However, while many other kinds of descriptors can be used to optionally record non-ISO defined information contents, the primary volume descriptor is always present. It is even possible to have a Mixed Mode disc, containing audio tracks and data tracks on the same disc. The most common type of Mixed Mode discs is one where the first track on the disc is Mode 1 data (ISO 9660 or non-ISO 9660), and the remaining tracks on the disc are audio tracks. Another possibility is the so called Hybrid disc, which contains an ISO 9660 part and a non-ISO 9660 part (e.g. Apple HFS format). The popular magazine on CD-ROM called ?CD-ROM Today? is an example of an Hybrid disc.
Referring back to Figure 3, the first entry is the Volume Descriptor Type (type), where it can have the following values:
� Number 0: shall mean that the Volume Descriptor is a Boot Record
� Number 1: shall mean that the Volume Descriptor is a Primary Volume Descriptor
� Number 2: shall
mean that the Volume Descriptor is a Supplementary Volume
Descriptor
� Number 3: shall mean that the Volume Descriptor is a Volume Partition Descriptor
� Numbers 4-254 are reserved
� Number 255: shall mean that the Volume Descriptor is a Volume Descriptor Set Terminator.
|
|
|
Figure 3:
File structure of an ISO 9660 primary volume
descriptor
|
Another interesting field is the Volume Space Size ( volume_space_size) which contains the amount of data available on the CD-ROM. It is recorded according the 733 method (see Figure 4).
|
|
|
Figure 4: A dump
of a file structure of an ISO 9660 primary volume
descriptor
|
Directory-entry Format
A directory entry is a data structure that describes the characteristics of a file or directory, beginning with a length octet describing the size of the entire entry. Entries themselves are of variable length, up to 255 octets in size. Attributes for the file described by the directory entry are stored in the directory entry itself (unlike UNIX).
In Figure 5, the root directory entry is a variable length object, so that the name can be of variable length. (No other part in the directory entry is of variable length).
|
|
|
Figure 5: Data
Structure of a CD-ROM file system directory entry
|
File attributes are very simple in ISO-9660. The most important file attribute is determining whether the file is a directory or an ordinary file.File attributes for the file described by the directory entry are stored in the directory entry and optionally, in the extended attribute record. The name length field specifies how long the name is and is limited to 31 characters.
Filenames
Filenames in ISO-9660 correspond to a DOS-like representation, with an uppercase, fixed-size base name, a delimiter (a period) to separate filenames from the extension, and a three-letter extension name (also uppercase). Directory names contain maximum 8 characters and do not have extensions.
With filenames the extension may be followed another delimiter (a semicolon) and a revision number of the file. For example, a typical filename would be FOO.BAR;1. There are additional restrictions on the type of allowed characters beyond that of alpha characters (0-9 and _).
The choice of filename is thus restricted to allow for the vast number of different systems that existed at the time the standard was determined. While the directory entries allow much larger names than this, the characteristics and size of the filename were developed to achieve level-one compliance with original High Sierra format.
Unfortunately, many systems with ISO 9660 capability are not compatible with the naming conventions. For example, on a UNIX system, a semicolon is used as a command delimiter in the shell interpreter.
To by-pass there problems the Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol (RRIP) was designed to allow users of POSIX and other UNIX like systems to remain much of the directory information that is in the native file system. This is important because there systems use directory entries for much more than just pointing to files. Directory entries can point to other entries (symbolic links) or to device drivers that are linked to peripheral devices such as hard disks, tape drives and CD-ROM drives (device files). The directory entry includes information that lets the system know what type of file it is dealing with, whether it is a regular file, directory, symbolic link, or device file. It also has information regarding who has permission to read, write and execute each file. Most of these systems are multi-users systems, and you would not want just anyone to be able to write to the device file that contains your operating system, because they could accidentally erase the entire operating system. On the other hand, permission may not set to tight, because it can make CD-ROM unusable for users when they have no read access to files.
File Pathname Traversal
There are two ways to locate a file on an ISO 9660 file system. One way is to successively interpret the directory names and look through each directory file structure to find the file (much the way MS-DOS and UNIX work to find a file). The other way is through the use of a precompiled table of paths, where all the entries are enumerated in the successive contents of a file with the corresponding entries. Some systems do not have a mechanism for wandering through directories, they obtain a match by consulting the table.
While a large linear table seems a bit arcane, it can be of great value, as you can quickly search without wandering across the disk (thus reducing seek time).
File Contents
The ISO 9660 standard says practically nothing about the contents of files themselves - they can contain any kind of data one wishes to store.
Although the ISO 9660 standard allows an optional extended attributes record (XAR) stored at the beginning of the file?s extent which can contain additional file attribute information. Extension attributes are simply a way to extend the attributes of files. Since attributes vary according to the user, most everyone has a different opinion on what a file attribute should specify.
The Rock Ridge extensions is an example of extended attributes to make POSIX alike file attributes (much like UNIX). Rock Ridge can also be used in a networked situation, since a single CD-ROM can be exported to a variety of different operating systems viewing the same files, while appearing to be in the local system?s native file structure format. In sum, Rock Ridge is heading in the same ?universal? direction of other file systems like the Network File System (NFS).
Conclusions
A lot of people are aware of the ISO 9660 standard and its significance in sharing CD-ROM data between different platforms. ISO compliant CD-ROMs are interchangeable and can be used on any type of system and architecture. However, the minimalism that helped make the ISO 9660 standard successful may sometimes be too minimal for specific applications (such as distributing POSIX based, bootable CD-ROMs). Because ISO 9660 does not adequately support the POSIX file system, the Rock Ridge Group was formed to develop ISO 9660:1988 extensions, which take advantage of the system-use area of the directory record (provided for in ISO 9660) to store complete POSIX file system information.
Extensions to ISO 9660 can make a CD-ROM appear like a given target operating system (such as a POSIX compliant file system). By encoding these extensions (using the sharing-use protocols), you can allow for separate sets of attributes for the same file system. This lets you organize extended information for different systems (such as VMS, DOS, and UNIX) in a nonconflicting way. Also, any system that only understands ISO 9660 without any extensions can still gain access to the files and obtain the exact same contents of data for a file. It is quite simple, if the extensions are not understood, they are not used at all. You get the best of both worlds: ISO compatibility and interoperability, and POSIX operating system transparency and functionality.
Technology is not standing still also, because Philips and Sony just proposed a new CD-ROM standard which could contains 2.3 Gbytes of data (almost 4 times more than current CD-ROM standard). Probably the current ISO 9660 standard has to be adpated too with new extension attributes for new applications (to be defined).
References


{{item.name}} {{item.description}} Amount to raise: {{item.total | currency}} Open Closed See details
{{item.description}}
Amount to raise: {{item.total | currency}}


The Troll's tongue in Hardanger, Norway The cliff is part of the precambrian bedrock and was formed during the ice age, approximately 10,000 years ago, when the edges of the glacier reached the cliff. The water from the glacier froze in the crevices of the mountain and eventually broke off large, angular blocks, which were later carried away with the glacier. Along the cliff itself, a gneiss, there continues to be deep cracks. The trail to Trolltunga also passes through the bedrock and washed slippery hillsides in the background also containing gneiss.


Tomsk meat processing plant to supply pork to Japan and Philippines
TOMSK, Nov 15 – RIA Tomsk. After obtaining permission of supervisory structures Tomsk meat processing plant of Siberian Agrarian Group intends to start supplying raw pork to 10 countries of near and far abroad, including Japan and the Philippines, director of enterprise Andrei Vasilyev told reporters, noting that demand for chilled meat is also growing in domestic market.
Earlier it was reported that the Tomsk meat processing plant planned to invest 100 million rubles in the modernization of the packaging line in 2018, which would allow to increase the shelf life of chilled products (minced meat, sausage, lump meat) from 10 to 14 days. After that, the company expected to significantly expand the geography of deliveries.
On Friday, November 15, the employees of the meat processing plant conducted a tour of the enterprise for Tomsk journalists. Attention was mainly drawn to a new line for the manufacture of chilled goulashes, steaks and minced meat. According to Vasilyev, automation and minimization of personnel participation allowed to increase the shelf life of products to 20 days.
"Last week we passed the certification of the Rosselkhoznadzor, and I think that we will open 10 countries on the supply of meat", – Vasilyev said, specifying that the company intends to export pork, in particular, to Japan and the Philippines.
According to him, the export of chilled meat is already carried out to Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Emphasis on chilled meat will now be placed on supplies to the domestic market.
"We regularly monitor changes (of consumer preferences). Fashion is just shifting towards semi-finished products – goulashes, various steaks, slices", – the director of the enterprise added.
Earlier it was reported that Siberian Agricultural Group is one of the top 20 pork producers in the Russian Federation. Livestock enterprises of the holding are located in Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Tyumen regions, Krasnoyarsk Krai and Buryatia. It currently has seven pig complexes, a poultry farm and four meat processing mills.


spData: Datasets for Spatial Analysis
Diverse spatial datasets for demonstrating, benchmarking and teaching spatial data analysis.
It includes R data of class sf (defined by the package 'sf'), Spatial ('sp'), and nb ('spdep').
Unlike other spatial data packages such as 'rnaturalearth' and 'maps',
it also contains data stored in a range of file formats including GeoJSON, ESRI Shapefile and GeoPackage.
Some of the datasets are designed to illustrate specific analysis techniques.
cycle_hire() and cycle_hire_osm(), for example, is designed to illustrate point pattern analysis techniques.
| Version: |
<IP_ADDRESS> |
| Depends: |
R (≥ 3.3.0) |
| Suggests: |
foreign, maptools, raster, rgdal, sf, sp, spDataLarge (≥
<IP_ADDRESS>), spdep |
| Published: |
2018-12-03 |
| Author: |
Roger Bivand [aut],
Jakub Nowosad [aut, cre],
Robin Lovelace [aut],
Mark Monmonier [ctb] (author of the state.vbm dataset),
Greg Snow [ctb] (author of the state.vbm dataset) |
| Maintainer: |
Jakub Nowosad <nowosad.jakub at gmail.com> |
| BugReports: |
https://github.com/Nowosad/spData/issues |
| License: |
CC0 |
| URL: |
https://github.com/Nowosad/spData |
| NeedsCompilation: |
no |
| Materials: |
README |
| CRAN checks: |
spData results |
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=spData
to link to this page.


Heartwarming Scenes As Mothiba Gives Fan Special Gift
by Soccer LadumaBafana Bafana’s Lebo Mothiba made all of Strasbourg’s supporters very happy with his brace at the weekend, but one young fan got something extra from the striker…
Read: Praise For Scoring Bafana Star In Europe
Mothiba was back amongst the goals on Sunday as Strasbourg beat Nimes 4-1 to climb up the Ligue 1 table in France, with the Bafana man scoring two of the goals after being given a starting berth by Thiery Laurey.
Having battled for fitness this season following his exploits at the Africa Cup of Nations in Egypt, Sunday’s game was only his third full 90 minutes of the season for the French outfit, but his form has been improving and he picked up his first assist of the campaign in the recent win over OGC Nice.
The 23-year-old is already a fan favourite in Strasbourg following an impressive debut season at the club last time out, and he won’t have done his reputation any harm at all after he spotted a supporter in the crowd with a sign that had his name on it and proceeded to hand him his match shirt.
Read: Khune To Play Hero For Chiefs?
Mothiba will now be meeting up with his Bafana teammates as they fly to Ghana for Thursday nights 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier against the Black Stars, with the former Lille man eager to add to his international tally to follow up his latest goals in Europe.
Check out Mothiba's amazing gesture in the video below:


| PORT ELIZABETH | |||
| |
Three killed in vigilante rampage Khanyi Ndabeni HERALD REPORTER ANGRY Kwazakhele residents took the law into their own hands at the weekend, leaving three suspects dead and two in hospital following a crime spree in the Port Elizabeth township. One of the alleged vigilantes was arrested later, prompting community members to toyi-toyi in front of the Kwazakhele police station last night, demanding to be arrested as well. A meeting between the police and community is to be held today in a bid to ease tensions. The five men allegedly robbed community members at the weekend and raped a 14-year-old schoolgirl, who has not been seen since Friday afternoon. Kwazakhele police said the mob justice had started on Friday and carried on until Sunday evening. On Friday, a mob stoned a 25-year- old man to death in Mbilini Street, Kwazakhele. On Saturday, the same mob killed a 27-year-old man in Myali Street, said Captain Colman Tom. Also on Saturday, another man, whose age is not known but who is believed to have been a friend of the two deceased, was killed in Salamtu Street. Weapons used included axes, other sharp objects and wooden sticks. On Sunday, two men were attacked with axes in Myali Street and were taken by police to Dora Nginza Hospital, said Tom. He said though it was rumoured that these men had raped a 14-year-old girl, no rape case had been opened at the police station and no one knew the whereabouts of the girl. We appeal to the community not to take the law into their own hands. They must stop with the kangaroo courts that they are busy running. The police are doing their best to arrest the criminals, said Tom. A ward committee member, who was at the scene when the two men were wounded on Sunday, said the killing spree started after the girls family was told she was gang-raped by men who were known criminals in the area. The family, with assistance from angry community members, had been looking for the places where these men lived. When they got to their houses or when they found them on the street, they started asking questions about the girls whereabouts. When these guys did not talk, they were killed, said the ward committee member, who did not want to be named. Members of the mob were heard saying: Rapists should be killed. We are tired of living with animals in our community.  Yesterday, Kwazakhele police arrested one person who was allegedly part of the vigilante mob. This resulted in a crowd of people toyi-toying in front of the police station, saying they all want to be arrested. Police are going to hold a meeting today at 3pm to try and talk to the people in the Kwazakhele area about the seriousness of these crimes, said Tom. The police also need assistance from the justice department because some of the criminals we arrest are out on bail in a few days time. In the eyes of the community it seems like we are not doing anything, he said. news
| sport | business
| columns | classifieds
la femme | motoring | opinion | letters | arts | weather | surf report | flights directory |subscriptions | ad rates | contact info Copyright © AVUSA Media Ltd |


| ID |
Name |
Raised Date |
Closed Date |
Description |
Resolution |
| 382 |
close button should be a graphic (when not in situ) |
16/08/2002 09:47:02 |
02/09/2002 09:20:00 |
close button should be a graphic (when not in situ) on the edit pane, same goes for the transmute button.  |
created icons, added commandbuttonx  |
| 389 |
dexref a link from a hierarchy node results in error message |
01/09/2002 21:00:21 |
02/09/2002 08:35:21 |
when a link is dexref'd from a hierarchy branch, the user receives the error messages that the from node and to node are not set.  |
this is because the form elements for from and to node had not been set up when a link was xref'd, this was fixed.
  |
| ID |
Name |
Raised Date |
Status |
Criticality |
Description |
| 378 |
delete on treebrowser does not maintain expansion |
16/08/2002 09:30:03 |
OPEN |
LOW |
delete in the treebrowser should try to maintain expansion at the moment it just contracts. It should just remove the deleted item from the tree, rather than updating the whole tree.
This is a problem with both treeviews as the updating algorithms are simple and tend to redraw most of the tree, they certainly don't maintain expansion.  |
| 381 |
filter text is editable |
16/08/2002 09:46:20 |
OPEN |
LOW |
user can edit the text in the filter, this has no functional effect, but the user may expect that the filter can be controlled this way when it can't  |
| 133 |
The hierarchy browser tree refreshes too much on drag |
25/04/2002 17:54:37 |
OPEN |
LOW |
this can be disconcerting when dragging,
perhaps the timer is not long enough?  |
| 133 |
The hierarchy browser tree refreshes too much on drag |
25/04/2002 17:54:37 |
OPEN |
LOW |
this can be disconcerting when dragging,
perhaps the timer is not long enough?  |
| 134 |
the hierarchy browser hierarchy should maintain expansion |
25/04/2002 17:55:54 |
OPEN |
LOW |
during restructuring, the hierarchy should leave expanded the items which are expanded  |
| 62 |
icons on buttons are not transparent |
17/04/2002 |
OPEN |
LOW |
need to turn the .ico into .bmp and setup the mask property  |
| 358 |
revert only reverts first node, not all |
12/08/2002 11:55:48 |
OPEN |
MEDIUM |
if a number of items are changed and revert is pressed, only one of the nodes will be reverted  |


|
KratosMultiphysics
KRATOS Multiphysics (Kratos) is a framework for building parallel, multi-disciplinary simulation software, aiming at modularity, extensibility, and high performance. Kratos is written in C++, and counts with an extensive Python interface.
|
Process for managing the time integration of variables for isolated nodes. More...
#include <manage_isolated_nodes_process.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
Life Cycle | |
| ManageIsolatedNodesProcess (ModelPart &rModelPart) | |
| virtual | ~ManageIsolatedNodesProcess () |
| Destructor. More... | |
Operators | |
| void | operator() () |
| This operator is provided to call the process as a function and simply calls the Execute method. More... | |
Operations | |
| void | Execute () override |
| Execute method is used to execute the ManageIsolatedNodesProcess algorithms. More... | |
| void | ExecuteInitialize () override |
| void | ExecuteBeforeSolutionLoop () override |
| void | ExecuteInitializeSolutionStep () override |
| this function will be executed at every time step BEFORE performing the solve phase More... | |
| void | ExecuteFinalizeSolutionStep () override |
| this function will be executed at every time step AFTER performing the solve phase More... | |
| void | ExecuteBeforeOutputStep () override |
| this function will be executed at every time step BEFORE writing the output More... | |
| void | ExecuteAfterOutputStep () override |
| this function will be executed at every time step AFTER writing the output More... | |
| void | ExecuteFinalize () override |
Input and output | |
| std::string | Info () const override |
| Turn back information as a string. More... | |
| void | PrintInfo (std::ostream &rOStream) const override |
| Print information about this object. More... | |
| void | PrintData (std::ostream &rOStream) const override |
| Print object's data. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from Kratos::Process | |
| KRATOS_CLASS_POINTER_DEFINITION (Process) | |
| Pointer definition of Process. More... | |
| Process () | |
| Default constructor. More... | |
| Process (const Flags options) | |
| ~Process () override | |
| Destructor. More... | |
| void | operator() () |
| This operator is provided to call the process as a function and simply calls the Execute method. More... | |
| virtual Process::Pointer | Create (Model &rModel, Parameters ThisParameters) |
| This method creates an pointer of the process. More... | |
| virtual int | Check () |
| This function is designed for being called after ExecuteInitialize ONCE to verify that the input is correct. More... | |
| virtual void | Clear () |
| This method clears the assignation of the conditions. More... | |
| virtual const Parameters | GetDefaultParameters () const |
| This method provides the defaults parameters to avoid conflicts between the different constructors. More... | |
| std::string | Info () const override |
| Turn back information as a string. More... | |
| void | PrintInfo (std::ostream &rOStream) const override |
| Print information about this object. More... | |
| void | PrintData (std::ostream &rOStream) const override |
| Print object's data. More... | |
Protected Member Functions | |
Protected Operators | |
| ManageIsolatedNodesProcess (ManageIsolatedNodesProcess const &rOther) | |
| Copy constructor. More... | |
Type Definitions | |
| typedef GlobalPointersVector< Node > | NodeWeakPtrVectorType |
| KRATOS_CLASS_POINTER_DEFINITION (ManageIsolatedNodesProcess) | |
| Pointer definition of ManageIsolatedNodesProcess. More... | |
Process for managing the time integration of variables for isolated nodes.
|
inline |
|
inlinevirtual |
Destructor.
|
protected |
Copy constructor.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
Execute method is used to execute the ManageIsolatedNodesProcess algorithms.
Reimplemented from Kratos::Process.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
this function will be executed at every time step AFTER writing the output
Reimplemented from Kratos::Process.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
this function will be executed at every time step BEFORE writing the output
Reimplemented from Kratos::Process.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
this function is designed for being execute once before the solution loop but after all of the solvers where built
Reimplemented from Kratos::Process.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
this function is designed for being called at the end of the computations right after reading the model and the groups
Reimplemented from Kratos::Process.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
this function will be executed at every time step AFTER performing the solve phase
Reimplemented from Kratos::Process.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
this function is designed for being called at the beginning of the computations right after reading the model and the groups
Reimplemented from Kratos::Process.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
this function will be executed at every time step BEFORE performing the solve phase
Reimplemented from Kratos::Process.
|
inlineoverride |
Turn back information as a string.
| Kratos::ManageIsolatedNodesProcess::KRATOS_CLASS_POINTER_DEFINITION | ( | ManageIsolatedNodesProcess | ) |
Pointer definition of ManageIsolatedNodesProcess.
|
inline |
This operator is provided to call the process as a function and simply calls the Execute method.
|
inlineoverride |
Print object's data.
|
inlineoverride |
Print information about this object.


HOME ALONE 3 (Twentieth-Century Fox) Directed by Raja Gosnell Less a sequel than a haphazard remake of the original "Home Alone," "Home Alone 3" is a shining example of desperate studio executives trying to squeeze a few more drops out of a dying cash-cow. It's also further proof --as if any were needed-- that John Hughes-scripted movies are now a thing to be feared instead of anticipated, as they might have been ten years ago during his "Breakfast Club"/"Planes, Trains and Automobiles"/"Pretty in Pink" heyday. At least the producers had the good sense to retire the ungracefully aging Macaulay Culkin, whose performances in his most recent films (such as the acclaimed "Getting Even With Dad" and the unjustly-snubbed-by-Oscar "Richie Rich") smacked of smug self-indulgence. Unfortunately, the filmmakers have not found a young actor with the comic timing of the younger, less affected Culkin: Alex D. Linz, who takes the lead in this installment, seems like one of those little dolls who's been told far too many times exactly how adorable he is. There's a fine line between precocious and precious, and young Mr. Linz continually errs on the side of cutesy-poo. In fact, there's nothing adorable about "Home Alone 3" at all, despite Hughes' dumping of a load of gooey sentimentality into the midst of the proceedings, as beguiling moppet Alex (Linz) defrosts the glacial heart of a bitter old neighbor. The spies-chasing-microchip plot is nothing more than a facile excuse for a second act that's stuffed to the gills with poorly executed slapstick that director Raja Gosnell obviously has no feel for. Say what you will about the first two "Home Alone"s, but at least they were professionally made entertainments; this one seems to have been shot and pasted together by the least-promising students in a community-college film class. Despite the title, the real story that's being continued here is Hughes', and it's a depressing tale of a once-bright talent stuck in a continuing downward spiral.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


BBQpi
Current BBQ
New BBQ
Previous BBQs
About
BBQpi
loading name...
Started:
loading...
Please be patient. The graph is loading.


So a year or so ago, I purchased an e-book version of Elixir in Action after
having run through most of Learn You Some Erlang and discovering Elixir which
I instantly fell in love with but had no immediate use for. Not wanting to
leverage this awesome thing I just found solely (or at all really) as yet another
web framework, I did not dive right in to Phoenix and still have yet to. So I
needed something to sate my desire to ingrain Elixir into my brain. After 20 or
so exercises on exercism.io I looked for some book action to learn the finer
points of all things not Phoenix.
Enter 'Elixir in action', great book. Loved it, soft intro and gets deeper quickly.
However, on my kindle keyboard, the oft used images of code, instead of text
elsewhere in the book, are way too faded and low contrast and fail to show up
in a reasonable and readable manner. So I downloaded calibre to see what damage
I could do, as I know nothing about e-books at all. After a few failed conversions
to what calibre considers an editable format, failed as in, I didn't like how the
text looked after putting it back on the kindle. I went ahead and just opened the
book editor, woo a simple image editor, normalize and sharpen looks good. Almost
300 images and no bulk apply to all images feature I could find… WELLLLLL
Then I shifted to converting it to a zip ImageMagick to the rescue.
Converted it into an azw3. Place on kindle, massive text formatting problems. Ok Ok
I think to myself must be a good way of going about this. Locate calibre plugin
for KindleUnpack, discover it is a wrapper locate the appropriate repo here. Unpack
the original book, do that ImageMagick, have calibre build me an azw3. Sigh, much less
in the horrible text department, but still I would consider unreadable, those images tho.
Ok Ok time to dive into some more conversion options
Disable font size rescaling
Use Cybook G3 output and input profile as the resolution is right for my kindle
Replace detect chapters at Xpath with /
Replace insert page breaks before Xpath with /
Hit blend….BAM a readable book text and images all looking pretty good. Mission
success. Now I can finally get through chapter 5 after brushing back through chapter 4
and finish a book I bought forever ago.
So I have spent the last two weeks or so ripping parts out of Prelude and learning about
minor mode creation and pretty much all the things I never never got around to checking
out. I think perhaps most of it was fear, and a little bit of lazy / lack of need /
want. A large part of this was due to Prelude and how it just worked, and still works. It
just had fulfilled its purpose in being an introduction to the way things could be in
Emacs.
Basically I had gotten tired of throwing stuff in my personal directory and had a growing
file of thigns to work around features of prelude or adding funcitnality. One day it was too
much and I set about figuring what parts of prelude did what and why. Much was learned about
This is mostly just a test running a diagnostic thing to see what is going on.
Which turned out to be maybe a heisenbug, because as soon as i turned on the
diagnostics it suddenly works. Yay…ish.
So, turns out since I'm strange and just push my _live to master and the rest
of it to the 'sources' branch, none of the hooks get called until I push sources
which is fine I just hadn't thought about it and was like where are my comments.
It is mostly my own fault for not thinking and also being difficult. I mean,
had I really thought about it of course the git hook is looking through the
_posts directory not 2016/xx/xx/xxxxxx. So with this issue resolved hopefully
this push will do what I think it should and I wont have to call bootstrap and
push with the script to make it work.
Update: Wellllllll still no joy on the hooks. they have been +x and all that jazz
so I have left a comment on an old issue hopefully something good will come from it
luckily I can still manually create them with two commands when I publish a post.
In the mean time I will dig through this script and see what gives.
That thing I just did, has started to be extremely helpful as far as org-mode
and my total Emacs experience. Well…what is "That thing I just did"? Funny
you should ask me that as I just discovered a thing 'C-c l' org-store-link as
I was trying to just insert the Emacs link above and forgot to keep 'C' down
for the 'C-c C-l'. Sure it was a diversion but I welcome temporary digressions
to a certain depth while engaged in my day to day activities. It's basically
like the problem with Wikipedia. Except for in Emacs, it's minutes of fascinated
'C-h k' which tells me wtf this key combo does or 'C-h v' which tells me wtf this
variable is and how it relates to the largely unknown mesh of abstractions that
let me type stuff like this.
However I too have digressed, but not really. I just wrote about something I just
found out about, a feature of this thing I am writing this blog in which will
come in handy, and already had when I started using it and writing about the time
I discovered easy link creation while making this other post…
While the above pyramid has seen more than its fair share of use and abuse, certainly
a few of those items above will really help you and a different or overlapping set
will help someone else. For instance I have really been digging on exercism.io
for my contrived experiences, which completing the elixir (I had them all done,
they have since added more) and common lisp problems in Emacs has given me direct
purposeful experience with Emacs. Say you are all about Atom and have your actual
work, workflow all set up there, and you've heard about this Emacs thing. Well
you can keep your purposeful experience in atom (do your work there) and play with
contrived experiences in your preferred or new language in Emacs while getting
purposeful experience with it.
Now I add a new layer in by blogging about my experience from inside one of the
technologies I have used to edit all parts of this blog. Which if I point out things
tips tricks chords then this .org file I'm blogging from also becomes a sort of
self-helpcheat-sheet. Which is to say getting this blog going in a single file
has come with other unexpected benefits.


Statistics for Journalists
01 Nov 2013 Statistics TeachingIn November 2013 I had the opportunity to work with the Australian Science Media Centre (AusSMC) and produce a talk explaining numbers and statistics. The deal was that it was 11 concepts on numbers and stats in 20 minutes. The concepts being:
- General Number Hygiene
- Big and Little Numbers
- Surveys
- Averages
- Understanding Uncertainty
- P-Values
- Trends
- Correlation and Causation
- Rare Events
- Risk
- Infographics
This was my first time ever really seriously teaching anything to anyone. And I’ll admit, cramming 11 concepts into 20 minutes was a touch more work than I anticipated. It DID end up being a lot of fun, however. And I managed to learn a lot. So thanks, AusSMC!
This video is aimed at journalists to try and give them a bit more information on how to interpret the 11 topics mentioned earlier. It should help you. You should learn something. But everyone is different, so maybe it won’t. But I hope that it helps you on your journey through statistics. Please let me know if you have any questions. Seriously!
You can watch the presentation below:
EVENT FOR JOURNALISTS: Getting your head around numbers and stats from AusSMC on Vimeo.
Again - let me know if you have any questions!
Cheers,
Nick.


Get historical data analysis of your Hadoop Cluster.
After pressing 'Search', select charts from below.


Recommend the {{ createParticipants.displayToolType() }} to district staff. We recommend inviting 1-2 representatives from different roles and functions involved with PD, including: Teaching & Learning, Human Resources, Curriculum & Instruction, Data & Accountability, Finance, IT, teachers, and principals. You may add participants later on from the dashboard.
Invite a team of colleagues from your district to participate in the {{ createParticipants.displayToolType() }}. We recommend inviting 1-2 representatives from different roles and functions involved with PD, including: Teaching & Learning, Human Resources, Curriculum & Instruction, Data & Accountability, Finance, IT, teachers, and principals. You may add participants later on from the dashboard.
{{ user.full_name }}
{{ user.email }}
{{ user.team_role || 'N/A' }}


As an adult, come and discover our irresistible clowns,
between practical jokes and pranks let yourself be carried
away by their joy and fall back into childhood.
Let yourself be carried away in a world where the real and the imaginary are one, in the company of our talented magicians, discover a wonderful world limited only by your imagination.
Tame the untameable in the company of our tamers, between roar and razor-sharp claws, watch these fierce felines turn into sweet kittens.
Circus Company based in Minneapolis Mn USA. After travelling all over the USA, we are now starting a World Tour.
You want to discover something different? Do not wait anymore and book your tickets. Happyness, Sadness, Magical, Fairy... For sure we'll have a good time together showing you the talent of our Crew.


The Iliad
by Homer
Book 22: The Death of Hector
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1899
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: Greece
- Source: Homer. (1899). The Iliad. Boston, MA; B.H. Stanton.
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 6.4
- Word Count: 5,621
- Genre: Epic
- Keywords: destiny, fate, glory, honor
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
The Trojans being safe within the walls, Hector only stays to oppose Achilles. Priam is struck at his approach, and tries to persuade his son to re–enter the town. Hecuba joins her entreaties, but in vain. Hector consults within himself what measures to take; but at the advance of Achilles, his resolution fails him, and he flies. Achilles pursues him thrice round the walls of Troy. The gods debate concerning the fate of Hector; at length Minerva descends to the aid of Achilles. She deludes Hector in the shape of Deiphobus; he stands the combat, and is slain. Achilles drags the dead body at his chariot in the sight of Priam and Hecuba. Their lamentations, tears, and despair. Their cries reach the ears of Andromache, who, ignorant of this, was retired into the inner part of the palace: she mounts up to the walls, and beholds her dead husband. She swoons at the spectacle. Her excess of grief and lamentation.
The thirtieth day still continues. The scene lies under the walls, and on the battlements of Troy.
Thus to their bulwarks, smit with panic fear,
The herded Ilians rush like driven deer:
There safe they wipe the briny drops away,
And drown in bowls the labours of the day.
Close to the walls, advancing o'er the fields
Beneath one roof of well–compacted shields,
March, bending on, the Greeks' embodied powers,
Far stretching in the shade of Trojan towers.
Great Hector singly stay'd: chain'd down by fate
There fix'd he stood before the Scaean gate;
Still his bold arms determined to employ,
The guardian still of long–defended Troy.
Apollo now to tired Achilles turns:
(The power confess'd in all his glory burns:)
"And what (he cries) has Peleus' son in view,
With mortal speed a godhead to pursue?
For not to thee to know the gods is given,
Unskill'd to trace the latent marks of heaven.
What boots thee now, that Troy forsook the plain?
Vain thy past labour, and thy present vain:
Safe in their walls are now her troops bestow'd,
While here thy frantic rage attacks a god."
The chief incensed—"Too partial god of day!
To check my conquests in the middle way:
How few in Ilion else had refuge found!
What gasping numbers now had bit the ground!
Thou robb'st me of a glory justly mine,
Powerful of godhead, and of fraud divine:
Mean fame, alas! for one of heavenly strain,
To cheat a mortal who repines in vain."
Then to the city, terrible and strong,
With high and haughty steps he tower'd along,
So the proud courser, victor of the prize,
To the near goal with double ardour flies.
Him, as he blazing shot across the field,
The careful eyes of Priam first beheld.
Not half so dreadful rises to the sight,
Through the thick gloom of some tempestuous night,
Orion's dog (the year when autumn weighs),
And o'er the feebler stars exerts his rays;
Terrific glory! for his burning breath
Taints the red air with fevers, plagues, and death.
So flamed his fiery mail. Then wept the sage:
He strikes his reverend head, now white with age;
He lifts his wither'd arms; obtests the skies;
He calls his much–loved son with feeble cries:
The son, resolved Achilles' force to dare,
Full at the Scaean gates expects the war;
While the sad father on the rampart stands,
And thus adjures him with extended hands:
"Ah stay not, stay not! guardless and alone;
Hector! my loved, my dearest, bravest son!
Methinks already I behold thee slain,
And stretch'd beneath that fury of the plain.
Implacable Achilles! might'st thou be
To all the gods no dearer than to me!
Thee, vultures wild should scatter round the shore.

How many valiant sons I late enjoy'd,
Valiant in vain! by thy cursed arm destroy'd:
Or, worse than slaughtered, sold in distant isles
To shameful bondage, and unworthy toils.
Two, while I speak, my eyes in vain explore,
Two from one mother sprung, my Polydore,
And loved Lycaon; now perhaps no more!
Oh! if in yonder hostile camp they live,
What heaps of gold, what treasures would I give!
(Their grandsire's wealth, by right of birth their own,
Consign'd his daughter with Lelegia's throne:)
But if (which Heaven forbid) already lost,
All pale they wander on the Stygian coast;
What sorrows then must their sad mother know,
What anguish I? unutterable woe!
Yet less that anguish, less to her, to me,
Less to all Troy, if not deprived of thee.
Yet shun Achilles! enter yet the wall;
And spare thyself, thy father, spare us all!
Save thy dear life; or, if a soul so brave
Neglect that thought, thy dearer glory save.
Pity, while yet I live, these silver hairs;
While yet thy father feels the woes he bears,
Yet cursed with sense! a wretch, whom in his rage
(All trembling on the verge of helpless age)
Great Jove has placed, sad spectacle of pain!
The bitter dregs of fortune's cup to drain:
To fill with scenes of death his closing eyes,
And number all his days by miseries!
My heroes slain, my bridal bed o'erturn'd,
My daughters ravish'd, and my city burn'd,
My bleeding infants dash'd against the floor;
These I have yet to see, perhaps yet more!

Yet for my sons I thank ye, gods! 'tis well;
Well have they perish'd, for in fight they fell.
Who dies in youth and vigour, dies the best,
Struck through with wounds, all honest on the breast.
But when the fates, in fulness of their rage,
Spurn the hoar head of unresisting age,
In dust the reverend lineaments deform,
And pour to dogs the life–blood scarcely warm:
This, this is misery! the last, the worse,
That man can feel! man, fated to be cursed!"
He said, and acting what no words could say,
Rent from his head the silver locks away.
With him the mournful mother bears a part;
Yet all her sorrows turn not Hector's heart.
The zone unbraced, her bosom she display'd;
And thus, fast–falling the salt tears, she said:
"Have mercy on me, O my son! revere
The words of age; attend a parent's prayer!
If ever thee in these fond arms I press'd,
Or still'd thy infant clamours at this breast;
Ah do not thus our helpless years forego,
But, by our walls secured, repel the foe.
Against his rage if singly thou proceed,
Should'st thou, (but Heaven avert it!) should'st thou bleed,
Nor must thy corse lie honour'd on the bier,
Nor spouse, nor mother, grace thee with a tear!
Far from our pious rites those dear remains
Must feast the vultures on the naked plains."
So they, while down their cheeks the torrents roll;
But fix'd remains the purpose of his soul;
Resolved he stands, and with a fiery glance
Expects the hero's terrible advance.
So, roll'd up in his den, the swelling snake
Beholds the traveller approach the brake;
When fed with noxious herbs his turgid veins
Have gather'd half the poisons of the plains;
He burns, he stiffens with collected ire,
And his red eyeballs glare with living fire.
Beneath a turret, on his shield reclined,
He stood, and question'd thus his mighty mind:
"Where lies my way? to enter in the wall?
Honour and shame the ungenerous thought recall:
Shall proud Polydamas before the gate
Proclaim, his counsels are obey'd too late,
Which timely follow'd but the former night,
What numbers had been saved by Hector's flight?
That wise advice rejected with disdain,
I feel my folly in my people slain.
Methinks my suffering country's voice I hear,
But most her worthless sons insult my ear,
On my rash courage charge the chance of war,
And blame those virtues which they cannot share.
No—if I e'er return, return I must
Glorious, my country's terror laid in dust:
Or if I perish, let her see me fall
In field at least, and fighting for her wall.
And yet suppose these measures I forego,
Approach unarm'd, and parley with the foe,
The warrior–shield, the helm, and lance, lay down.
And treat on terms of peace to save the town:
The wife withheld, the treasure ill–detain'd
(Cause of the war, and grievance of the land)
With honourable justice to restore:
And add half Ilion's yet remaining store,
Which Troy shall, sworn, produce; that injured Greece
May share our wealth, and leave our walls in peace.
But why this thought? Unarm'd if I should go,
What hope of mercy from this vengeful foe,
But woman–like to fall, and fall without a blow?
We greet not here, as man conversing man,
Met at an oak, or journeying o'er a plain;
No season now for calm familiar talk,
Like youths and maidens in an evening walk:
War is our business, but to whom is given
To die, or triumph, that, determine Heaven!"
Thus pondering, like a god the Greek drew nigh;
His dreadful plumage nodded from on high;
The Pelian javelin, in his better hand,
Shot trembling rays that glitter'd o'er the land;
And on his breast the beamy splendour shone,
Like Jove's own lightning, or the rising sun.
As Hector sees, unusual terrors rise,
Struck by some god, he fears, recedes, and flies.
He leaves the gates, he leaves the wall behind:
Achilles follows like the winged wind.
Thus at the panting dove a falcon flies
(The swiftest racer of the liquid skies),
Just when he holds, or thinks he holds his prey,
Obliquely wheeling through the Ærial way,
With open beak and shrilling cries he springs,
And aims his claws, and shoots upon his wings:
No less fore–right the rapid chase they held,
One urged by fury, one by fear impell'd:
Now circling round the walls their course maintain,
Where the high watch–tower overlooks the plain;
Now where the fig–trees spread their umbrage broad,
(A wider compass,) smoke along the road.
Next by Scamander's double source they bound,
Where two famed fountains burst the parted ground;
This hot through scorching clefts is seen to rise,
With exhalations steaming to the skies;
That the green banks in summer's heat o'erflows,
Like crystal clear, and cold as winter snows:
Each gushing fount a marble cistern fills,
Whose polish'd bed receives the falling rills;
Where Trojan dames (ere yet alarm'd by Greece)
Wash'd their fair garments in the days of peace.
By these they pass'd, one chasing, one in flight:
(The mighty fled, pursued by stronger might:)
Swift was the course; no vulgar prize they play,
No vulgar victim must reward the day:
(Such as in races crown the speedy strife:)
The prize contended was great Hector's life.
As when some hero's funerals are decreed
In grateful honour of the mighty dead;
Where high rewards the vigorous youth inflame
(Some golden tripod, or some lovely dame)
The panting coursers swiftly turn the goal,
And with them turns the raised spectator's soul:
Thus three times round the Trojan wall they fly.
The gazing gods lean forward from the sky;
To whom, while eager on the chase they look,
The sire of mortals and immortals spoke:
"Unworthy sight! the man beloved of heaven,
Behold, inglorious round yon city driven!
My heart partakes the generous Hector's pain;
Hector, whose zeal whole hecatombs has slain,
Whose grateful fumes the gods received with joy,
From Ida's summits, and the towers of Troy:
Now see him flying; to his fears resign'd,
And fate, and fierce Achilles, close behind.
Consult, ye powers! ('tis worthy your debate)
Whether to snatch him from impending fate,
Or let him bear, by stern Pelides slain,
(Good as he is) the lot imposed on man."
Then Pallas thus: "Shall he whose vengeance forms
The forky bolt, and blackens heaven with storms,
Shall he prolong one Trojan's forfeit breath?
A man, a mortal, pre–ordain'd to death!
And will no murmurs fill the courts above?
No gods indignant blame their partial Jove?"
"Go then (return'd the sire) without delay,
Exert thy will: I give the Fates their way.
Swift at the mandate pleased Tritonia flies,
And stoops impetuous from the cleaving skies.
As through the forest, o'er the vale and lawn,
The well–breath'd beagle drives the flying fawn,
In vain he tries the covert of the brakes,
Or deep beneath the trembling thicket shakes;
Sure of the vapour in the tainted dews,
The certain hound his various maze pursues.
Thus step by step, where'er the Trojan wheel'd,
There swift Achilles compass'd round the field.
Oft as to reach the Dardan gates he bends,
And hopes the assistance of his pitying friends,
(Whose showering arrows, as he coursed below,
From the high turrets might oppress the foe,)
So oft Achilles turns him to the plain:
He eyes the city, but he eyes in vain.
As men in slumbers seem with speedy pace,
One to pursue, and one to lead the chase,
Their sinking limbs the fancied course forsake,
Nor this can fly, nor that can overtake:
No less the labouring heroes pant and strain:
While that but flies, and this pursues in vain.
What god, O muse, assisted Hector's force
With fate itself so long to hold the course?
Phoebus it was; who, in his latest hour,
Endued his knees with strength, his nerves with power:
And great Achilles, lest some Greek's advance
Should snatch the glory from his lifted lance,
Sign'd to the troops to yield his foe the way,
And leave untouch'd the honours of the day.
Jove lifts the golden balances, that show
The fates of mortal men, and things below:
Here each contending hero's lot he tries,
And weighs, with equal hand, their destinies.

Then Phoebus left him. Fierce Minerva flies
To stern Pelides, and triumphing, cries:
"O loved of Jove! this day our labours cease,
And conquest blazes with full beams on Greece.
Great Hector falls; that Hector famed so far,
Drunk with renown, insatiable of war,
Falls by thy hand, and mine! nor force, nor flight,
Shall more avail him, nor his god of light.
See, where in vain he supplicates above,
Roll'd at the feet of unrelenting Jove;
Rest here: myself will lead the Trojan on,
And urge to meet the fate he cannot shun."
Her voice divine the chief with joyful mind
Obey'd; and rested, on his lance reclined
While like Deiphobus the martial dame
(Her face, her gesture, and her arms the same),
In show an aid, by hapless Hector's side
Approach'd, and greets him thus with voice belied:
"Too long, O Hector! have I borne the sight
Of this distress, and sorrow'd in thy flight:
It fits us now a noble stand to make,
And here, as brothers, equal fates partake."
Then he: "O prince! allied in blood and fame,
Dearer than all that own a brother's name;
Of all that Hecuba to Priam bore,
Long tried, long loved: much loved, but honoured more!

Again the goddess: "Much my father's prayer,
And much my mother's, press'd me to forbear:
My friends embraced my knees, adjured my stay,
But stronger love impell'd, and I obey.

Fraudful she said; then swiftly march'd before:
The Dardan hero shuns his foe no more.
Sternly they met. The silence Hector broke:
His dreadful plumage nodded as he spoke:
"Enough, O son of Peleus! Troy has view'd
Her walls thrice circled, and her chief pursued.

Yet on the verge of battle let us stay,
And for a moment's space suspend the day;
Let Heaven's high powers be call'd to arbitrate
The just conditions of this stern debate,
(Eternal witnesses of all below,
And faithful guardians of the treasured vow!)
To them I swear; if, victor in the strife,
Jove by these hands shall shed thy noble life,
No vile dishonour shall thy corse pursue;
Stripp'd of its arms alone (the conqueror's due)
The rest to Greece uninjured I'll restore:
Now plight thy mutual oath, I ask no more."
"Talk not of oaths (the dreadful chief replies,
While anger flash'd from his disdainful eyes),
Detested as thou art, and ought to be,
Nor oath nor pact Achilles plights with thee:
Such pacts as lambs and rabid wolves combine,
Such leagues as men and furious lions join,
To such I call the gods! one constant state
Of lasting rancour and eternal hate:
No thought but rage, and never–ceasing strife,
Till death extinguish rage, and thought, and life.
Rouse then thy forces this important hour,
Collect thy soul, and call forth all thy power.
No further subterfuge, no further chance;
'Tis Pallas, Pallas gives thee to my lance.
Each Grecian ghost, by thee deprived of breath,
Now hovers round, and calls thee to thy death."
He spoke, and launch'd his javelin at the foe;
But Hector shunn'd the meditated blow:
He stoop'd, while o'er his head the flying spear
Sang innocent, and spent its force in air.
Minerva watch'd it falling on the land,
Then drew, and gave to great Achilles' hand,
Unseen of Hector, who, elate with joy,
Now shakes his lance, and braves the dread of Troy.
"The life you boasted to that javelin given,
Prince! you have miss'd. My fate depends on Heaven,
To thee, presumptuous as thou art, unknown,
Or what must prove my fortune, or thy own.
Boasting is but an art, our fears to blind,
And with false terrors sink another's mind.

I shall not fall a fugitive at least,
My soul shall bravely issue from my breast.
But first, try thou my arm; and may this dart
End all my country's woes, deep buried in thy heart."
The weapon flew, its course unerring held,
Unerring, but the heavenly shield repell'd
The mortal dart; resulting with a bound
From off the ringing orb, it struck the ground.
Hector beheld his javelin fall in vain,
Nor other lance, nor other hope remain;
He calls Deiphobus, demands a spear—
In vain, for no Deiphobus was there.
All comfortless he stands: then, with a sigh;
"'Tis so—Heaven wills it, and my hour is nigh!

No refuge now, no succour from above,
Great Jove deserts me, and the son of Jove,
Propitious once, and kind! Then welcome fate!
'Tis true I perish, yet I perish great:
Yet in a mighty deed I shall expire,
Let future ages hear it, and admire!"

So Jove's bold bird, high balanced in the air,
Stoops from the clouds to truss the quivering hare.
Nor less Achilles his fierce soul prepares:
Before his breast the flaming shield he bears,
Refulgent orb! above his fourfold cone
The gilded horse–hair sparkled in the sun.
Nodding at every step: (Vulcanian frame!)
And as he moved, his figure seem'd on flame.
As radiant Hesper shines with keener light,
Far–beaming o'er the silver host of night,
When all the starry train emblaze the sphere:
So shone the point of great Achilles' spear.
In his right hand he waves the weapon round,
Eyes the whole man, and meditates the wound;
But the rich mail Patroclus lately wore
Securely cased the warrior's body o'er.
One space at length he spies, to let in fate,
Where 'twixt the neck and throat the jointed plate
Gave entrance: through that penetrable part
Furious he drove the well–directed dart:
Nor pierced the windpipe yet, nor took the power
Of speech, unhappy! from thy dying hour.
Prone on the field the bleeding warrior lies,
While, thus triumphing, stern Achilles cries:
"At last is Hector stretch'd upon the plain,
Who fear'd no vengeance for Patroclus slain:
Then, prince! you should have fear'd, what now you feel;
Achilles absent was Achilles still:
Yet a short space the great avenger stayed,
Then low in dust thy strength and glory laid.
Peaceful he sleeps, with all our rites adorn'd,
For ever honour'd, and for ever mourn'd:
While cast to all the rage of hostile power,
Thee birds shall mangle, and the gods devour."
Then Hector, fainting at the approach of death:
"By thy own soul! by those who gave thee breath!
By all the sacred prevalence of prayer;
Ah, leave me not for Grecian dogs to tear!
The common rites of sepulture bestow,
To soothe a father's and a mother's woe:
Let their large gifts procure an urn at least,
And Hector's ashes in his country rest."
"No, wretch accursed! relentless he replies;
(Flames, as he spoke, shot flashing from his eyes;)
Not those who gave me breath should bid me spare,
Nor all the sacred prevalence of prayer.

No—to the dogs that carcase I resign.
Should Troy, to bribe me, bring forth all her store,
And giving thousands, offer thousands more;
Should Dardan Priam, and his weeping dame,
Drain their whole realm to buy one funeral flame:
Their Hector on the pile they should not see,
Nor rob the vultures of one limb of thee."
Then thus the chief his dying accents drew:
"Thy rage, implacable! too well I knew:
The Furies that relentless breast have steel'd,
And cursed thee with a heart that cannot yield.
Yet think, a day will come, when fate's decree
And angry gods shall wreak this wrong on thee;
Phoebus and Paris shall avenge my fate,
And stretch thee here before the Scaean gate."
He ceased. The Fates suppress'd his labouring breath,
And his eyes stiffen'd at the hand of death;
To the dark realm the spirit wings its way,
(The manly body left a load of clay,)
And plaintive glides along the dreary coast,
A naked, wandering, melancholy ghost!
Achilles, musing as he roll'd his eyes
O'er the dead hero, thus unheard, replies:
"Die thou the first! When Jove and heaven ordain,
I follow thee"—He said, and stripp'd the slain.
Then forcing backward from the gaping wound
The reeking javelin, cast it on the ground.
The thronging Greeks behold with wondering eyes
His manly beauty and superior size;
While some, ignobler, the great dead deface
With wounds ungenerous, or with taunts disgrace:
"How changed that Hector, who like Jove of late
Sent lightning on our fleets, and scatter'd fate!"
High o'er the slain the great Achilles stands,
Begirt with heroes and surrounding bands;
And thus aloud, while all the host attends:
"Princes and leaders! countrymen and friends!
Since now at length the powerful will of heaven
The dire destroyer to our arm has given,
Is not Troy fallen already? Haste, ye powers!
See, if already their deserted towers
Are left unmann'd; or if they yet retain
The souls of heroes, their great Hector slain.
But what is Troy, or glory what to me?
Or why reflects my mind on aught but thee,
Divine Patroclus! Death hath seal'd his eyes;
Unwept, unhonour'd, uninterr'd he lies!
Can his dear image from my soul depart,
Long as the vital spirit moves my heart?
If in the melancholy shades below,
The flames of friends and lovers cease to glow,
Yet mine shall sacred last; mine, undecay'd,
Burn on through death, and animate my shade.
Meanwhile, ye sons of Greece, in triumph bring
The corpse of Hector, and your paeans sing.
Be this the song, slow–moving toward the shore,
"Hector is dead, and Ilion is no more."
Then his fell soul a thought of vengeance bred;
(Unworthy of himself, and of the dead;)
The nervous ancles bored, his feet he bound
With thongs inserted through the double wound;
These fix'd up high behind the rolling wain,
His graceful head was trail'd along the plain.
Proud on his car the insulting victor stood,
And bore aloft his arms, distilling blood.
He smites the steeds; the rapid chariot flies;
The sudden clouds of circling dust arise.
Now lost is all that formidable air;
The face divine, and long–descending hair,
Purple the ground, and streak the sable sand;
Deform'd, dishonour'd, in his native land,
Given to the rage of an insulting throng,
And, in his parents' sight, now dragg'd along!

With piercing shrieks his bitter fate she moans,
While the sad father answers groans with groans
Tears after tears his mournful cheeks o'erflow,
And the whole city wears one face of woe:
No less than if the rage of hostile fires.
From her foundations curling to her spires,
O'er the proud citadel at length should rise,
And the last blaze send Ilion to the skies.
The wretched monarch of the falling state,
Distracted, presses to the Dardan gate.
Scarce the whole people stop his desperate course,
While strong affliction gives the feeble force:
Grief tears his heart, and drives him to and fro,
In all the raging impotence of woe.
At length he roll'd in dust, and thus begun,
Imploring all, and naming one by one:
"Ah! let me, let me go where sorrow calls;
I, only I, will issue from your walls
(Guide or companion, friends! I ask ye none),
And bow before the murderer of my son.
My grief perhaps his pity may engage;
Perhaps at least he may respect my age.
He has a father too; a man like me;
One, not exempt from age and misery
(Vigorous no more, as when his young embrace
Begot this pest of me, and all my race).
How many valiant sons, in early bloom,
Has that cursed hand send headlong to the tomb!
Thee, Hector! last: thy loss (divinely brave)
Sinks my sad soul with sorrow to the grave.
O had thy gentle spirit pass'd in peace,
The son expiring in the sire's embrace,
While both thy parents wept the fatal hour,
And, bending o'er thee, mix'd the tender shower!
Some comfort that had been, some sad relief,
To melt in full satiety of grief!"
Thus wail'd the father, grovelling on the ground,
And all the eyes of Ilion stream'd around.
Amidst her matrons Hecuba appears:
(A mourning princess, and a train in tears;)
"Ah why has Heaven prolong'd this hated breath,
Patient of horrors, to behold thy death?
O Hector! late thy parents' pride and joy,
The boast of nations! the defence of Troy!
To whom her safety and her fame she owed;
Her chief, her hero, and almost her god!
O fatal change! become in one sad day
A senseless corse! inanimated clay!"
But not as yet the fatal news had spread
To fair Andromache, of Hector dead;
As yet no messenger had told his fate,
Not e'en his stay without the Scaean gate.
Far in the close recesses of the dome,
Pensive she plied the melancholy loom;
A growing work employ'd her secret hours,
Confusedly gay with intermingled flowers.
Her fair–haired handmaids heat the brazen urn,
The bath preparing for her lord's return
In vain; alas! her lord returns no more;
Unbathed he lies, and bleeds along the shore!
Now from the walls the clamours reach her ear,
And all her members shake with sudden fear:
Forth from her ivory hand the shuttle falls,
And thus, astonish'd, to her maids she calls:
"Ah follow me! (she cried) what plaintive noise
Invades my ear? 'Tis sure my mother's voice.
My faltering knees their trembling frame desert,
A pulse unusual flutters at my heart;
Some strange disaster, some reverse of fate
(Ye gods avert it!) threats the Trojan state.
Far be the omen which my thoughts suggest!
 I fear, I fear him slain!
Safe in the crowd he ever scorn'd to wait,
And sought for glory in the jaws of fate:
Perhaps that noble heat has cost his breath,
Now quench'd for ever in the arms of death."
She spoke: and furious, with distracted pace,
Fears in her heart, and anguish in her face,
Flies through the dome (the maids her steps pursue),
And mounts the walls, and sends around her view.
Too soon her eyes the killing object found,
The godlike Hector dragg'd along the ground.
A sudden darkness shades her swimming eyes:
She faints, she falls; her breath, her colour flies.
Her hair's fair ornaments, the braids that bound,
The net that held them, and the wreath that crown'd,
The veil and diadem flew far away
(The gift of Venus on her bridal day).
Around a train of weeping sisters stands,
To raise her sinking with assistant hands.
Scarce from the verge of death recall'd, again
She faints, or but recovers to complain.
"O wretched husband of a wretched wife!
Born with one fate, to one unhappy life!
For sure one star its baneful beam display'd
On Priam's roof, and Hippoplacia's shade.
From different parents, different climes we came.
At different periods, yet our fate the same!
Why was my birth to great Ætion owed,
And why was all that tender care bestow'd?
Would I had never been!—O thou, the ghost
Of my dead husband! miserably lost!
Thou to the dismal realms for ever gone!
And I abandon'd, desolate, alone!
An only child, once comfort of my pains,
Sad product now of hapless love, remains!
No more to smile upon his sire; no friend
To help him now! no father to defend!
For should he 'scape the sword, the common doom,
What wrongs attend him, and what griefs to come!
Even from his own paternal roof expell'd,
Some stranger ploughs his patrimonial field.
The day, that to the shades the father sends,
Robs the sad orphan of his father's friends:
He, wretched outcast of mankind! appears
For ever sad, for ever bathed in tears;
Amongst the happy, unregarded, he
Hangs on the robe, or trembles at the knee,
While those his father's former bounty fed
Nor reach the goblet, nor divide the bread:
The kindest but his present wants allay,
To leave him wretched the succeeding day.
Frugal compassion! Heedless, they who boast
Both parents still, nor feel what he has lost,
Shall cry, 'Begone! thy father feasts not here:'
The wretch obeys, retiring with a tear.
Thus wretched, thus retiring all in tears,
To my sad soul Astyanax appears!
Forced by repeated insults to return,
And to his widow'd mother vainly mourn:
He, who, with tender delicacy bred,
With princes sported, and on dainties fed,
And when still evening gave him up to rest,
Sunk soft in down upon the nurse's breast,
Must—ah what must he not? Whom Ilion calls
Astyanax, from her well–guarded walls,
Is now that name no more, unhappy boy!
Since now no more thy father guards his Troy.
But thou, my Hector, liest exposed in air,
Far from thy parents' and thy consort's care;
Whose hand in vain, directed by her love,
The martial scarf and robe of triumph wove.
Now to devouring flames be these a prey,
Useless to thee, from this accursed day!
Yet let the sacrifice at least be paid,
An honour to the living, not the dead!"
So spake the mournful dame: her matrons hear,
Sigh back her sighs, and answer tear with tear.