[gecode-users] Independent subproblems
Mikael Zayenz Lagerkvist
zayenz at gmail.com
Mon Nov 26 09:19:05 CET 2007
On Nov 26, 2007 1:15 AM, Malcolm Ryan <malcolmr at cse.unsw.edu.au> wrote:
> Thanks. I've been reading the Handbook of Constraint Programming some
> more. I saw it suggested somewhere in there (I've lost the reference)
> that conflict-directed backjumping (Prosser 1993) is particularly
> effective on problems of this sort.
My guess would be that a direct approach like the one Guido has been
working on is probably the best thing for these kinds of problems.
> Does Gecode implement any kind of backjumping?
No.
> Or least-discrepancy search?
Limited discrepancy search is implemented in Gecode, but we haven't
included it in Gecode/J. Maybe we should do that.
Cheers,
Mikael
--
Mikael Zayenz Lagerkvist, http://www.ict.kth.se/~zayenz/
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


<#if errMsg??>
${errMsg?html}
#if>
Due to entering a wrong TOTP confirmation code, you now need to enter 3 consecutive codes so that we can confirm you're not
just guessing codes, and detect issues with your verification device's clock.
Enter the code displayed on your device, then wait for the next code and enter that one, then wait for the third and enter that one.
You should obviously never give this in a real TOTP application, but as a demo, your phone would be telling you:
Correct code, and the 2 following codes: ${correctTotpCode} ${correctTotpCode2} ${correctTotpCode3}
Give these a try to see what the demo app does. You can also try this sequence, which is what you'd see if the clock on your phone is way ahead:
wrong clock codes: ${skewedTotpCode} ${skewedTotpCode2} ${skewedTotpCode3}


Hololens
Why Hololens
Hardware
Software
Get Hololens
Where Power meets Grace.
A perfect blend of the perfect hardware.
Sensors
Advanced sensors work together to capture
your environment as well as your moment.
HoloLens knows what you're doing
and how to make it better.
Optics
HoloLens uses a pair of transparent, HD
holographic lenses with an advanced optical
projection system to generate realistic,
3 dimentional holograms.
Processor
Custom Microsoft Holographic Prcessing Unit (HPU)
that processes immense amounts of data
per second from All the sensors to get to
know you and provide the best experience.
In-built immersive sound system.
Native sound system that provides the true immersive experience. Using a model that characterizes how the human ear perceives audio, Hololens synthesizes sound so you can hear holograms from anywhere in the room.


hybris techné
techné is the design guideline and component library for modern, mobile-first, user-centric experience design on YaaS that gives UX professionals the freedom and creativity to implement experiences from design to deployment FAST
“techne” is a term derived from the Greek τέχνη, often translated as “craftmanship”, “craft”, or “art”.
Why is techné different?
techné design patterns serve consumers and business users equally. It enables best practice storefront and other digital touchpoint experiences as well as what we like to call the “consumerization of business user tooling,” which is an ethos that envisions any digital experience, regardless of whether it is buying a shirt as a consumer or marketing that shirt as a business user, will provide the same highly engaged, visual, efficient and fun experience.
Who are the techné personas?
The Consumer
Visual, social, collaborative. Expects a unified experience across channels and devices; how they want it, where they want it, when they want it.
- at home, at work, on the go
- low and high bandwidth environments
- browser and searcher, depending on the need
- mobile/social/local
- laptop/tablet/mobile phone
- task-driven at times; relaxed researcher at others
- convenient
- consistent
- easy
- flexible
- efficient
- helpful
- secure
The "consumerization continuum"
Less Visual,
Less Collaborative,
Shorter Task Duration
More Visual,
More Collaborative,
Longer Task Duration
High-touch Business User
Our Marketers, Merchandisers, Product Managers and other Designer people
- at home, at work, on the go
- high demand on time and effort; multi-tasker
- collaborative
- typically high bandwidth environments
- laptop/tablet/mobile phone
- performance-driven
- collaboration
- scale regardless of device
- multi-tasking
- nonlinear task flows
- preview of consumer experience
- easy info comparison
- scalable information density
The "consumerization continuum"
Less Visual,
Less Collaborative,
Shorter Task Duration
More Visual,
More Collaborative,
Longer Task Duration
The Low-touch Business User
Our IT, Operations, Customer Service, Order Management people
- works at work (generally)
- high demand on time and effort; serial tasker
- independent
- low and high bandwidth environments
- laptop (mostly)
- efficiency-driven
- data-at-a-glance
- tabular manipulation
- keyboard shortcuts
- one-click actions
- linear and nonlinear flows
- consumer interface emulation
The "consumerization continuum"
Less Visual,
Less Collaborative,
Shorter Task Duration
More Visual,
More Collaborative,
Longer Task Duration
and of course, Software Developers
The heart of YaaS. They need stability, community and tools that don’t get in their way
- works everywhere
- works with remote teams
- high bandwidth and low bandwidth
- typically under tight deadlines
- task-driven
- performance-driven
- quick and easy setup
- instant feedback
- error avoidance
- one-click access to documentation
- speed
- access to developer community
- preview of final experience where applicable
The "consumerization continuum"
Less Visual,
Less Collaborative,
Shorter Task Duration
More Visual,
More Collaborative,
Longer Task Duration


Explanation
KMeans Full Treatment
KMeans and EM-Algorithms
K-Means (code, my github)
K-Means
K-Means:
It is a method for cluster analysis. It aims to partition \(n\) observations into \(k\) clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean. It results in a partitioning of the data space into Voronoi Cells.
IDEA:
- Minimizes the aggregate Intra-Cluster distance
- Equivalent to minimizing the Variance
- Thus, it finds k-clusters with minimum aggregate Variance.
Formal Description:
Given a set of observations \(\left(\mathbf{x}_{1}, \mathbf{x} _{2}, \ldots, \mathbf{x}_{n}\right)\), \(\mathbf{x}_ i \in \mathbb{R}^d\), the algorithm aims to partition the \(n\) observations into \(k\) sets \(\mathbf{S}=\left\{S_{1}, S_{2}, \ldots, S_{k}\right\}\) so as to minimize the intra-cluster Sum-of-Squares (i.e. variance).
The Objective:
$$\underset{\mathbf{S}}{\arg \min } \sum_{i=1}^{k} \sum_{\mathbf{x} \in S_{i}}\left\|\mathbf{x}-\boldsymbol{\mu}_{i}\right\|^{2}=\underset{\mathbf{S}}{\arg \min } \sum_{i=1}^{k}\left|S_{i}\right| \operatorname{Var} S_{i}$$
where \(\boldsymbol{\mu}_i\) is the mean of points in \(S_i\).
Algorithm:
- Choose two random points, call them “Centroids”
- Assign the closest \(N/2\) points (Euclidean-wise) to each of the Centroids
- Compute the mean of each “group”/class of points
- Re-Assign the centroids to the newly computed Means ↑
- REPEAT!
The “assignment” step is referred to as the “expectation step”, while the “update step” is a maximization step, making this algorithm a variant of the generalized expectation-maximization algorithm.
Complexity:
The original formulation of the problem is NP-Hard; however, EM algorithms (specifically, Coordinate-Descent) can be used as efficient heuristic algorithms that converge quickly to good local minima.
Lloyds algorithm (and variants) have \({\displaystyle \mathcal{O}(nkdi)}\) runtime.
Convergence:
Guaranteed to converge after a finite number of iterations
-
Proof:
The Algorithm Minimizes a monotonically decreasing, Non-Negative Energy function on a finite Domain:
By Monotone Convergence Theorem the objective Value Converges.
Optimality:
- Locally optimal: due to convergence property
- Non-Globally optimal:
- The objective function is non-convex
- Moreover, coordinate Descent doesn’t converge to global minimum on non-convex functions.
Objective Function:
$$J(S, \mu)= \sum_{i=1}^{k} \sum_{\mathbf{x} \in S_{i}} \| \mathbf{x} -\mu_i \|^{2}$$
Optimization Objective:
$$\min _{\mu} \min _{S} \sum_{i=1}^{k} \sum_{\mathbf{x} \in S_{i}}\left\|\mathbf{x} -\mu_{i}\right\|^{2}$$
Coordinate Descent:
- Fix \(S = \hat{S}\), optimize \(\mu\):
$$\begin{aligned} & \min _{\mu} \sum_{i=1}^{k} \sum_{\mathbf{x} \in \hat{S}_{i}}\left\|\mu_{i}-x_{j}\right\|^{2}\\ =& \sum_{i=1}^{k} \min _{\mu_i} \sum_{\mathbf{x} \in \hat{S}_{i}}\left\|\mathbf{x} - \mu_{i}\right\|^{2} \end{aligned}$$
- MLE:
$$\min _{\mu_i} \sum_{\mathbf{x} \in \hat{S}_{i}}\left\|\mathbf{x} - \mu_{i}\right\|^{2}$$
\(\implies\)
$${\displaystyle \hat{\mu_i} = \dfrac{\sum_{\mathbf{x} \in \hat{S}_ {i}} \mathbf{x}}{\vert\hat{S}_ i\vert}}$$
- MLE:
- Fix \(\mu_i = \hat{\mu_i}, \forall i\), optimize \(S\)1:
$$\arg \min _{S} \sum_{i=1}^{k} \sum_{\mathbf{x} \in S_{i}}\left\|\mathbf{x} - \hat{\mu_{i}}\right\|^{2}$$
\(\implies\)
$$S_{i}^{(t)}=\left\{x_{p} :\left\|x_{p}-m_{i}^{(t)}\right\|^{2} \leq\left\|x_{p}-m_{j}^{(t)}\right\|^{2} \forall j, 1 \leq j \leq k\right\}$$
- MLE:
- MLE:
- Choosing the number of clusters \(k\):
- Elbow Method
- Silhouette function
- BIC: Bayesian Information Criterion (A much better method)
-
The optimization here is an \(\arg \min\) not a \(\min\), since we are optimizing for \(i\) over \(S_i\). ↩


№1 The plugin is written using js and css. Uses the library jquery. Plugin is run, there are tests and generally very good plugin!
Aleksey Leshko
GitHub Repo


--- title: Wave Velocities sidebar: documentation_sidebar permalink: WaveVelocities.html folder: documentation toc: false ---
Let us start by importing the elastic stiffness tensor of an Olivine crystal in reference orientation from a file.
{% highlight matlab %} fname = fullfile(mtexDataPath,'tensor','Olivine1997PC.GPa'); cs = crystalSymmetry('mmm',[4.7646 10.2296 5.9942],'mineral','Olivin'); C = stiffnessTensor.load(fname,cs) {% endhighlight %} {% highlight plaintext %} C = stiffnessTensor (Olivin) unit: GPa rank: 4 (3 x 3 x 3 x 3) tensor in Voigt matrix representation: 320.5 68.2 71.6 0 0 0 68.2 196.5 76.8 0 0 0 71.6 76.8 233.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 78.7 {% endhighlight %}The Christoffel Tensor is symmetric because of the symmetry of the elastic constants. The eigenvalues of the 3x3 Christoffel tensor are three positive values of the wave moduli which corresponds to \rho Vp^2 , \rho Vs1^2 and \rho Vs2^2 of the plane waves propagating in the direction n. The three eigenvectors of this tensor are then the polarization directions of the three waves. Because the Christoffel tensor is symmetric, the polarization vectors are perpendicular to each other.
{% highlight matlab %} % It is computed for a specific direction x by the % commandThe Christoffel tensor is the basis for computing the direction dependent wave velocities of the p, s1, and s2 wave, as well as of the polarization directions. Therefore, we need also the density of the material, e.g.,
{% highlight matlab %} rho = 3.355 {% endhighlight %} {% highlight plaintext %} rho = 3.3550 {% endhighlight %}which we can write directly into the elastic stiffness tensor
{% highlight matlab %} C = addOption(C,'density',rho) {% endhighlight %} {% highlight plaintext %} C = stiffnessTensor (Olivin) unit : GPa density: 3.355 rank : 4 (3 x 3 x 3 x 3) tensor in Voigt matrix representation: 320.5 68.2 71.6 0 0 0 68.2 196.5 76.8 0 0 0 71.6 76.8 233.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 78.7 {% endhighlight %}the single crystal wave velocities are now computed by the command stiffnessTensor.velocity.html velocity
>
As output we obtain three spherical functions vp
, vs1
and vs2
representing the velocities of P, and fast and slow S-waves respectively in dependency of the propagation direction. The remaining three output variables pp
, ps1
, ps2
are spherical vector fields representing the polarization directions of these wave as functions of the propagation direction.
In order to visualize these quantities, there are several possibilities. Let us first plot the direction dependent wave speed of the p-wave
{% highlight matlab %} plot(vp,'complete','upper') {% endhighlight %}Next, we plot on the top of this plot the p-wave polarization direction.
{% highlight matlab %} hold on plot(pp) hold off {% endhighlight %}We may even compute with these spherical functions as width ordinary values. E.g. to visualize the speed difference between the s1 and s2 waves we do.
{% highlight matlab %} plot(vs1-vs2,'complete','upper') hold on plot(ps1) hold off {% endhighlight %}When projected to a plane the different wave speeds
{% highlight matlab %} planeNormal = vector3d.X; % options for sections optSec = {'color','interp','linewidth',6,'doNotDraw'}; % options for quiver optQuiver = {'linewidth',2,'autoScaleFactor',0.35,'doNotDraw'}; optQuiverProp = {'color','k','linewidth',2,'autoScaleFactor',0.25,'doNotDraw'}; prop = S2VectorFieldHarmonic.normal; % the propagation direction % wave velocyties close all plotSection(vp,planeNormal,optSec{:},'DisplayName','Vp') hold on plotSection(vs1,planeNormal,optSec{:},'DisplayName','Vs1') plotSection(vs2,planeNormal,optSec{:},'DisplayName','Vs2') % polarisation directions quiverSection(vp,pp,planeNormal,'color','c',optQuiver{:},'DisplayName','pp') quiverSection(vs1,ps1,planeNormal,'color','g',optQuiver{:},'DisplayName','ps1') quiverSection(vs2,ps2,planeNormal,'color','m',optQuiver{:},'DisplayName','ps2') % plot propagation directions as reference quiverSection(vp,prop,planeNormal,optQuiverProp{:},'DisplayName','x') quiverSection(vs1,prop,planeNormal,optQuiverProp{:}) quiverSection(vs2,prop,planeNormal,optQuiverProp{:}) hold off axis off tight legend('Vp','Vs1','Vs2','pp','ps1','ps2','x','Location','eastOutSide') mtexTitle('Phase velocity surface (km/s)') mtexColorMap blue2red mtexColorbar('Title','(km/s)','location','southOutSide') {% endhighlight %}Similarly, we can visualize the slowness surfaces (s/km)
{% highlight matlab %} % plot slowness surfaces plotSection(1./vp,planeNormal,optSec{:},'DisplayName','Vp') hold on plotSection(1./vs1,planeNormal,optSec{:},'DisplayName','Vs1') plotSection(1./vs2,planeNormal,optSec{:},'DisplayName','Vs2') % polarisation directions quiverSection(1./vp,pp,planeNormal,'color','c',optQuiver{:},'DisplayName','pp') quiverSection(1./vs1,ps1,planeNormal,'color','g',optQuiver{:},'DisplayName','ps1') quiverSection(1./vs2,ps2,planeNormal,'color','m',optQuiver{:},'DisplayName','ps2') % plot propagation directions as reference quiverSection(1./vp,prop,planeNormal,optQuiverProp{:},'DisplayName','x') quiverSection(1./vs1,prop,planeNormal,optQuiverProp{:}) quiverSection(1./vs2,prop,planeNormal,optQuiverProp{:}) hold off axis off tight legend('Vp','Vs1','Vs2','pp','ps1','ps2','x','Location','eastOutSide') mtexTitle('Slowness surface (km/s)') mtexColorMap blue2red mtexColorbar('Title','(s/km)','location','southOutSide') {% endhighlight %}set back default colormap
{% highlight matlab %} setMTEXpref('defaultColorMap',WhiteJetColorMap) {% endhighlight %}


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An 'if/else' statement
if (condition 1)
#do something
elsif (condition 2)
#do something else
else
#do when no condition is met
end
Format of a 'case' statement
case (expression)
when (condition 1)
#do something
when (condition 2)
#do something
when (condition 3)
#do something
else
#do when no condition is met
end
Simple example of a 'class'
Class Person
def initialize(name,age,gender)
@name = name
@age = age
@gender = gender
end
def breathe
p 'I can breathe!'
end
def move
p 'I can move!'
end
end


THE DREAMLIFE OF ANGELS w/Elodie Bouchez, Natacha Regnier & Gregoire Colin. Directed by Erick Zonca.
The Thumbs For Sale! Review by Roger Gerbig
With the impending arrival of that Star Wars flick, these Thumbs! felt obligated to travel down the dark alley theat bypasses the multiplex, snakes its way past dozens of dumpsters, and ends somewhere in the vicinity of France--that mythical place where they do indeed make better films than cars.
"The Dreamlife of Angels," a big winner on the international film-festival circuit, lets us in on the lives of Isa and Marie (Bouchez and Regnier, who shared the best actress award at Cannes last year), two young women who seem to be in between most everything--jobs, apartments, boyfriends, and quality time spent with family. Theirs is a tentative existence, filled mostly with mass consumption of tobacco products and a staggering lack of bigger plans. Isa's just arrived in town and discovered her one prospect has taken off for the greener pastures of Belgium. After bedding down for a night in a freezing abandoned restaurant, she wastes no time looking for an establishment with central heating. Despite apparently being perpetually down on her luck, her toothy grin, steely resolve, and sparkling eyes that instantly remind us of alien autopsies past land her a job in a matter of hours.
Once employed at a local clothing factory, she befriends Marie, a quiet girl who's content to hang out in the wings and roll the fattest cigarettes in the history of nicotine addiction. Turns out Marie's housesitting a cozy flat while the owner and her daughter recover from comas obtained in a tragic car accident. Refreshingly, this dual coma plot device is as outlandish as the movie gets. For the next hour and a half, we watch as the women's friendship develops, matures, and nearly vaporizes. Often with the French, you're never quite sure if their films are low budget, filmed to look low budget, or are really documentaries masquerading as narrative fiction. In "Angel's" case this has a lot to do with the oft-handheld camera, unadorned lighting and the complete and total lack of melodrama (and for many, many minutes lack of just plain drama).
Yet it's never boring, which is a testament to the fact that director Zonca doesn't let the story unfold. Rather, he allows it to develop at a pace consistent with what his characters can realistically bear. Nor does he waste our time filling us in on the minutia of their motivation and behavior. Like your friends, family, and yourselves, they sometimes just do things that momentarily evade explanation.
For instance, Marie gets involved with Chris (Colin), a rich kid who's obviously practicing to become a classic philandering Frenchman (and scoring high marks, I might add). Why they are drawn together is never fully explained. Sure, judging from his selection of pastimes, I can see why he might be interested in taming a feral child, but is this the whole story? I don't think so. As for Marie, she makes a living out of asserting her complete and total independence, yet who do you think's running off to the beach house for a weekend of wet sand and bliss? Likewise, Isa visits the comatose daughter at the hospital. While she maintains a certain element of curiosity in the beginning, when asked she can't provide an answer why she keeps going back. Trust me when I say there are many more facets like these to ponder both in real time while watching the film, and later.
With "Dreamlife", Zonca makes his full-length feature debut well past the age of 40. His years of documentary filmmaking clearly leave their mark here, yet this isn't any "NYPD Blue" affair. Though the camera is handheld in many scenes, make no mistake, this is an exercise in subtlety. Everything from pensive moments bathed in the soft bluish light of the perpetually overcast sky, to fierce lovemaking captured by an intrusive cameraman hovering just above the action are captured in whichever style feels most honest. But like the plot, adjustments from scene to scene are a matter of only a few degrees. Everything stays on course and well within the realm of plausibility.
If I appear to be repeating myself, it's because I want to drive a few underlying points home. Having these points illustrated allows you to focus on the myriad of other details present on screen, not to mention more time to take in the subtitles. While I feel I had quite a meaningful experience with this film, I'm not entirely sure why. But having so few conclusions drawn for you by the filmmakers makes deciphering your experience all that more rewarding. Folks, the laserblasts heralding the beginning of the summer silly season have arrived. For a quality calm before the storm (or respite), I can't recommend this flick highly enough
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We provide opportunity for students to work on small projects to put into action the concepts learnt in the lecture. Projects are not mandatory but we highly recommend participating in projects to get the most out of the lecture. Each project will be accompanied with a concrete task definition, data and initial references (see below). Students are required to work on them with a maximim group size of three, and co-ordinate and report intermediate results to the associated mentors. All projects will be finally integrated into our temporal retrieval system codebase for the lecture. We will use Terrier, which is an open source search engine, for most of the projects.
A successfully completed project should (a) solve the task definition, (b) be able to be integrated into the final temporal search codebase (c) contain an accompanying report of 1 page documenting the results.
To acknowledge successful participation in projects we give out badges according to the performance in successfully completed projects. Each badge earns a 0.3 grade improvement on the final grade of the final exam. Note that the grade improvement will only be awarded to those students who pass the final exam. A successfully completed project get at least two badges, and the maximum number of badges earned can be four. Please enter your preferences in the doodle here.
Traditional search engine implementations index single words along with select textual features. The support for temporal features are central to build a temporal search system. We would want to treat time as a first class citizen and add support for time in our indexing system. This would enable us to efficiently retrieve documents which are relevant for a given period of time. For this project, we require that students understand the indexing process, add support for time as a field, and add querying functionality which filters documents given a time period.
Also, indexing common phrases adds efficient access to the temporal collection for phrase queries. In this project we would also require the students to support indexing of multi-word phrases to improve phrase-query processing.
"Phrase Query Optimization on Inverted Indexes." Avishek Anand, Ida Mele, Srikanta Bedathur, Klaus Berberich. in CIKM 2014.
"Temporal Index Sharding for Space-Time Efficiency in Archive Search." Avishek Anand, Srikanta Bedathur, Klaus Berberich, Ralf Schenkel. in SIGIR 2011.
Diversity is a important requirement for multi-faceted ambiguous queries like "jaguar", "olympic games", "prism" etc. Moreso, when we are dealing with temporal collections, queries mean different things at different points in time. Retrieval models which take diversity of aspects as well as time of documents into account are hence central to a temporal retrieval system. In this project students are supposed to implement the retrieval models discussed in the lecture which take "diversity of aspects" into account explicity. However, a key component in modelling diversity is the identification of these aspects in the documents. These aspects are both topical and temporal. A document talking about the arab spring can be associated with topical aspects "revolution" or "the arab spring". On the other hand temporal aspects could be the publication times and temporal expressions associated with the documents.
“Multi-Dimensional Search Result Diversification.” Dou, Zhicheng, Sha Hu, Kun Chen, Ruihua Song, and Ji-Rong Wen. In WSDM ’11.
To improve the search user experience it is imperative to provide the user with useful cues in the form of potential auto-completions. In this project, we are interested in using temporal patterns from different temporal sources like anchor texts to provide query auto-completions building on the concepts discussed in the lecture. More specifically we use time series analysis methods like forecasting, correlation and burst analysis to predict the most relevant auto-completions given an already typed in query. We evaluate the project both by the effectiveness and efficiency of the approach.
“Behavioral Dynamics on the Web: Learning, Modeling, and Prediction.” Radinsky, Kira, Krysta M. Svore, Susan T. Dumais, Milad Shokouhi, Jaime Teevan, Alex Bocharov, and Eric Horvitz. in TOIS 2013. in SIGIR 2011.
“Using Temporal Bursts for Query Modeling.” Peetz, Maria-Hendrike, Edgar Meij, and Maarten Rijke. In Information Retrieval 2014.
Another useful aid to improve the search user experience is to have query suggestions. After an end-user has partially input a query, intelligent search engines can suggest possible completions of the partial query to help end-users quickly express their information needs. All major web-search engines and most proposed methods that suggest queries rely on search engine query logs to determine possible query suggestions. Unfornately, query logs for long time periods are unavailable. We will explore mechanisms for generating query suggestions from the corpus without using query logs. We utilize the document corpus to ex- tract a set of candidate phrases. As soon as a user starts typing a query, phrases that are highly correlated with the partial user query are selected as completions of the partial query and are offered as query suggestions.
In this project, we are interested in exploiting these term frequencies over time (mined from the underlying collection) to provide year-wise query suggestions.
“Query Suggestions in the Absence of Query Logs.” Bhatia, Sumit, Debapriyo Majumdar, and Prasenjit Mitra. In SIGIR 2011.
“Mining Named Entities with Temporally Correlated Bursts from Multilingual Web News Streams.” Kotov, Alexander, ChengXiang Zhai, and Richard Sproat. in WSDM 2011.
Web Crawling requires information about the change frequency of Web pages to allow efficient scheduling of future re-crawls. Usually this information is computed from data from past crawls, but there are also approaches to estimate the change frequency from the page itself. Information that can be used is e.g. the type of web page (homepage vs. blog entry vs. ...), the URL structure or the number and type of links. The goal of this project is to implement a change frequency estimator as a plugin to an existing Web crawler (e.g. Apache Nutch or Heritrix). The estimator should also be evaluated on an existing Web archive. Contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>“Looking at both the present and the past to efficiently update replicas of web content”, L. Barbosa, A. C. Salgado, F. de Carvalho, J. Robin, and J. Freire. In Workshop on Web Information and Data Management, 2005
“Effective change detection using sampling”, J. Cho and A. Ntoulas. In VLDB'02.


Welcome to [Phones], your number one source for all things [product, ie: shoes, bags, dog treats]. We’re dedicated to giving you the very best of [product], with a focus on [three characteristics, ie: dependability, customer service and uniqueness.] Founded in [2016] by [Ahmed], [Phones] has come a long way from its beginnings in a [starting location, ie: home office, toolshed, Houston, TX.]. When [Ahmed] first started out, his/her passion for [passion of founder, ie: helping other parents be more eco-friendly, providing the best equipment for his fellow musicians] drove him to [action, ie: do intense research, quit her day job], and gave him the impetus to turn hard work and inspiration into to a booming online store. We now serve customers all over [place, ie: the US, the world, the Austin area], and are thrilled to be a part of the [adjective, ie: quirky, eco-friendly, fair trade] wing of the [industry type, ie: fashion, baked goods, watches] industry. We hope you enjoy our products as much as we enjoy offering them to you. If you have any questions or comments, please don’t hesitate to contact us. Sincerely, Name, [title, ie: CEO, Founder, etc.]'[


Just a little patience...
The website is undergoing maintenance and will be back soon.
In the meantime, you can contact me via email.
contact me--- layout: compress ---
The website is undergoing maintenance and will be back soon.
In the meantime, you can contact me via email.
contact me


Last Task
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{% for line in message2 %} {{line}}
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Born: April 28, 2021


extractCSS is an open source project created by Adnan TOPAL. You can check out the repository at GitHub.
If have a suggestion or idea, or have found a bug, please create an issue by going to issues page of github repository.


This section provides solutions to common problems associated with the NVIDIA Linux x86_64 Driver.
|
My X server fails to start, and my X log file contains the error: (EE) NVIDIA(0): The NVIDIA kernel module does not appear to (EE) NVIDIA(0): be receiving interrupts generated by the NVIDIA graphics (EE) NVIDIA(0): device PCI:x:x:x. Please see the COMMON PROBLEMS (EE) NVIDIA(0): section in the README for additional information. |
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|
This can be caused by a variety of problems, such as PCI IRQ routing errors, I/O APIC problems, conflicts with other devices sharing the IRQ (or their drivers), or MSI compatibility problems. If possible, configure your system such that your graphics card does not share its IRQ with other devices (try moving the graphics card to another slot if applicable, unload/disable the driver(s) for the device(s) sharing the card's IRQ, or remove/disable the device(s)). Depending on the nature of the problem, one of (or a combination of) these kernel parameters might also help:
The problem may also be caused by MSI compatibility problems. See MSI Interrupts for details. |
|||||||||||
|
X starts for me, but OpenGL applications terminate immediately. |
|||||||||||
|
If X starts but you have trouble with OpenGL, you most likely
have a problem with other libraries in the way, or there are stale
symlinks. See Chapter 5,
Listing of Installed Components for details. Sometimes,
all it takes is to rerun You should also check that the correct extensions are present; % xdpyinfo should show the “GLX” and “NV-GLX” extensions present. If these two extensions are not present, then there is most likely a problem loading the glx module, or it is unable to implicitly load GLcore. Check your X config file and make sure that you are loading glx (see Chapter 6, Configuring X for the NVIDIA Driver). If your X config file is correct, then check the X log file for warnings/errors pertaining to GLX. Also check that all of the necessary symlinks are in place (refer to Chapter 5, Listing of Installed Components). |
|||||||||||
|
When Xinerama is enabled, my stereo glasses are shuttering only when the stereo application is displayed on one specific X screen. When the application is displayed on the other X screens, the stereo glasses stop shuttering. |
|||||||||||
|
This problem occurs with DDC and "blue line" stereo glasses, that get the stereo signal from one video port of the graphics card. When a X screen does not display any stereo drawable the stereo signal is disabled on the associated video port. Forcing stereo flipping allows the stereo glasses to shutter continuously. This can be done by enabling the OpenGL control "Force Stereo Flipping" in nvidia-settings, or by setting the X configuration option "ForceStereoFlipping" to "1". |
|||||||||||
|
Stereo is not in sync across multiple displays. |
|||||||||||
|
There are two cases where this may occur. If the displays are attached to the same GPU, and one of them is out of sync with the stereo glasses, you will need to reconfigure your monitors to drive identical mode timings; see Chapter 18, Programming Modes for details. If the displays are attached to different GPUs, the only way to synchronize stereo across the displays is with a Quadro Sync device, which is only supported by certain Quadro cards. See Chapter 31, Configuring Frame Lock and Genlock for details. |
|||||||||||
|
I just upgraded my kernel, and now the NVIDIA kernel module will not load. |
|||||||||||
|
The kernel interface layer of the NVIDIA kernel module must be compiled specifically for the configuration and version of your kernel. If you upgrade your kernel, then the simplest solution is to reinstall the driver. ADVANCED: You can install the NVIDIA kernel module for a non running kernel (for example: in the situation where you just built and installed a new kernel, but have not rebooted yet) with a command line such as this: # sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-460.27.04.run --kernel-name='KERNEL_NAME' Where 'KERNEL_NAME' is what uname -r would report if the target kernel were running. |
|||||||||||
|
Installing the driver fails with: Unable to load the kernel module 'nvidia.ko'. My X server fails to start, and my X log file contains the error: (EE) NVIDIA(0): Failed to load the NVIDIA kernel module! |
|||||||||||
|
If the NVIDIA kernel module fails to load, you should check the
output of
|
|||||||||||
|
Installing the NVIDIA kernel module gives an error message like: #error Modules should never use kernel-headers system headers #error but headers from an appropriate kernel-source |
|||||||||||
|
You need to install the source for the Linux kernel. In most situations you can fix this problem by installing the kernel-source or kernel-devel package for your distribution |
|||||||||||
|
OpenGL applications crash and print out the following warning: WARNING: Your system is running with a buggy dynamic loader. This may cause crashes in certain applications. If you experience crashes you can try setting the environment variable __GL_SINGLE_THREADED to 1. For more information, consult the FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS section in the file /usr/share/doc/NVIDIA_GLX-1.0/README.txt. |
|||||||||||
|
The dynamic loader on your system has a bug which will cause
applications linked with pthreads, and that % export __GL_SINGLE_THREADED=1 and in csh and derivatives use: % setenv __GL_SINGLE_THREADED 1 Previous releases of the NVIDIA Accelerated Linux Graphics Driver attempted to work around this problem. Unfortunately, the workaround caused problems with other applications and was removed after version 1.0-1541. |
|||||||||||
|
Quake3 crashes when changing video modes. |
|||||||||||
|
You are probably experiencing a problem described above. Please
check the text output for the “WARNING” message described in the previous
hint. Setting |
|||||||||||
|
I cannot build the NVIDIA kernel module, or, I can build the NVIDIA kernel module, but modprobe/insmod fails to load the module into my kernel. |
|||||||||||
|
These problems are generally caused by the build using the wrong
kernel header files (i.e. header files for a different kernel
version than the one you are running). The convention used to be
that kernel header files should be stored in |
|||||||||||
|
Compiling the NVIDIA kernel module gives this error: You appear to be compiling the NVIDIA kernel module with a compiler different from the one that was used to compile the running kernel. This may be perfectly fine, but there are cases where this can lead to unexpected behavior and system crashes. If you know what you are doing and want to override this check, you can do so by setting IGNORE_CC_MISMATCH. In any other case, set the CC environment variable to the name of the compiler that was used to compile the kernel. |
|||||||||||
|
You should compile the NVIDIA kernel module with the same
compiler version that was used to compile your kernel. Some Linux
kernel data structures are dependent on the version of gcc used to
compile it; for example, in ... * Most gcc versions have a nasty bug with empty initializers. */ #if (__GNUC__ > 2) typedef struct { } rwlock_t; #define RW_LOCK_UNLOCKED (rwlock_t) { } #else typedef struct { int gcc_is_buggy; } rwlock_t; #define RW_LOCK_UNLOCKED (rwlock_t) { 0 } #endif If the kernel is compiled with gcc 2.x, but gcc 3.x is used when the kernel interface is compiled (or vice versa), the size of rwlock_t will vary, and things like ioremap will fail. To check what version of gcc was used to compile your kernel, you can examine the output of: % cat /proc/version To check what version of gcc is currently in your % gcc -v |
|||||||||||
|
I recently updated various libraries on my system using my Linux distributor's update utility, and the NVIDIA graphics driver no longer works. |
|||||||||||
|
Conflicting libraries may have been installed by your distribution's update utility; see Chapter 5, Listing of Installed Components for details on how to diagnose this. |
|||||||||||
|
I have rebuilt the NVIDIA kernel module, but when I try to insert it, I get a message telling me I have unresolved symbols. |
|||||||||||
|
Unresolved symbols are most often caused by a mismatch between your kernel sources and your running kernel. They must match for the NVIDIA kernel module to build correctly. Make sure your kernel sources are installed and configured to match your running kernel. |
|||||||||||
|
OpenGL applications leak significant amounts of memory on my system! |
|||||||||||
|
If your kernel is making use of the -rmap VM, the system may be leaking memory due to a memory management optimization introduced in -rmap14a. The -rmap VM has been adopted by several popular distributions, the memory leak is known to be present in some of the distribution kernels; it has been fixed in -rmap15e. If you suspect that your system is affected, try upgrading your kernel or contact your distribution's vendor for assistance. |
|||||||||||
|
When I try to install the driver, the installer claims that X is running, even though I have exited X. |
|||||||||||
|
The installer detects the presence of an X server by checking
for the X server's lock files: |
|||||||||||
|
Why does the VBIOS fail to load on my Optimus system? |
|||||||||||
|
On some notebooks with Optimus graphics, the NVIDIA driver may not be able to retrieve the Video BIOS due to interactions between the System BIOS and the Linux kernel's ACPI subsystem. On affected notebooks, applications that require the GPU will fail, and messages like the following may appear in the system log: NVRM: failed to copy vbios to system memory. NVRM: RmInitAdapter failed! (0x30:0xffffffff:858) NVRM: rm_init_adapter(0) failed Such problems are typically beyond the control of the NVIDIA driver, which relies on proper cooperation of ACPI and the System BIOS to retrieve important information about the GPU, including the Video BIOS. |
|||||||||||
|
OpenGL applications do not work with driver version 364.xx and later, which worked with previous driver versions |
|||||||||||
|
Release 361 of the NVIDIA Linux driver introduced OpenGL libraries built upon the libglvnd (GL Vendor Neutral Dispatch) architecture, to allow for the coexistence of multiple OpenGL implementations on the same system. Beginning with release 364, the GLVND libraries are installed by default. By design, GLVND conforms with the Linux OpenGL ABI version 1.0 as defined at https://www.opengl.org/registry/ABI/ and exposes all required entry points; however, applications which depend upon specifics of the NVIDIA OpenGL implementation which fall outside of the OpenGL ABI may be incompatible with a GLVND-based OpenGL implementation. If you encounter an application which is incompatible with GLVND, please contact the application vendor to inform them that their application will need to be updated to ensure compatibility with GLVND. |
|||||||||||
|
Vulkan applications crash when entering or leaving fullscreen, or when resized |
|||||||||||
|
Resizing a Vulkan application generates events that trigger an out-of-date swapchain. Fullscreen Vulkan applications are optimized for performance by the driver. This optimization also generates events that trigger an out-of-date swapchain upon entering or leaving fullscreen mode. This is commonly encountered when using the alt-tab key combination, for example. Applications that do not properly respond to the VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR return code may not function properly when these events occur. The expected behavior is documented in section 30.8 of the Vulkan specification. |
|||||||||||
|
The Vulkan ICD has dependencies on X libraries |
|||||||||||
|
By default, nvidia-installer creates a /etc/vulkan/icd.d/nvidia_icd.json that points to libGLX_nvidia.so.0. This DSO has dependencies on X libraries. It is possible to avoid those dependencies by hand editing that file to point to libEGL_nvidia.so.0 instead. However in that case, an application will only be able to create non-X swapchains if it wants to present frames. |
|||||||||||
|
Vulkan applications show up as a blank window |
|||||||||||
|
The Vulkan application may be choosing your iGPU instead of your NVIDIA dGPU. Starting with the 435 driver series, you can set the following environment variable to force the Vulkan loader to list NVIDIA GPUs before other devices: __NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=1 This can be used even if the system is not otherwise configured to use Chapter 34, PRIME Render Offload. In order to prefer discrete GPUs over integrated GPUs, application developers can check the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::deviceType field when querying available physical devices. |
|||||||||||
|
OpenGL applications are running slowly |
|||||||||||
|
The application is probably using a different library that still remains on your system, rather than the NVIDIA supplied OpenGL library. See Chapter 5, Listing of Installed Components for details. |
|||||||||||
|
Fonts are incorrectly sized after installing the NVIDIA driver. |
|||||||||||
|
Incorrectly sized fonts are generally caused by incorrect DPI (Dots Per Inch) information. You can check what X thinks the physical size of your monitor is, by running: % xdpyinfo | grep dimensions This will report the size in pixels, and in millimeters. If these numbers are wrong, you can correct them by modifying the X server's DPI setting. See Appendix E, Dots Per Inch for details. |
|||||||||||
|
OpenGL applications don't work, and my X log file contains the error: (EE) NVIDIA(0): Unable to map device node /dev/zero with read and write (EE) NVIDIA(0): privileges. The GLX extension will be disabled on this (EE) NVIDIA(0): X screen. Please see the COMMON PROBLEMS section in the (EE) NVIDIA(0): README for more information. |
|||||||||||
|
The NVIDIA OpenGL driver must be able to map anonymous memory with read and write execute privileges in order to function correctly. The driver needs this ability to allocate aligned memory, which is used for certain optimizations. Currently, GLX cannot run without these optimizations. |
|||||||||||
|
My log file contains a message like the following: (WW) NVIDIA(GPU-0): Unable to enter interactive mode, because non-interactive (WW) NVIDIA(GPU-0): mode has been previously requested. The most common (WW) NVIDIA(GPU-0): cause is that a GPU compute application is currently (WW) NVIDIA(GPU-0): running. Please see the README for details. |
|||||||||||
|
This indicates that the X driver was not able to put the GPU in interactive mode, because another program has requested non-interactive mode. The GPU watchdog will not run, and long-running GPU compute programs may cause the X server and OpenGL programs to hang. If you intend to run long-running GPU compute programs, set the Interactive option to "off" to disable interactive mode. |
|||||||||||
|
I see a blank screen or an error message instead of a login screen or desktop session |
|||||||||||
|
Installation or configuration problems may prevent the X server, a login/session manager, or a desktop environment from starting correctly. If your system is failing to display a login screen, or failing to start a desktop session, try the following troubleshooting steps:
|
|||||||||||
|
The display settings I configured in nvidia-settings do not persist. |
|||||||||||
|
Depending on the type of configuration being performed, nvidia-settings will save configuration changes to one of several places:
Settings in Even after nvidia-settings has been run to restore
any settings set in These tools may also override some types of settings that are stored in and loaded from the X configuration file, such as any MetaMode strings that may specify the initial display layouts of NVIDIA X screens. Although the configuration of the initial MetaMode is static, it is possible to dynamically switch to a different MetaMode after X has started. This can have the effect of making the set of active displays, their resolutions, and layout positions as configured in the nvidia-settings control panel appear to be ineffective, when in reality, this configuration was active when starting X and then overridden later by the desktop environment. If you believe that your desktop environment is overriding settings that you configured in nvidia-settings, some possible solutions are:
Some systems may have multiple different display configuration utilities, each with its own way of managing settings. In addition to conflicting with nvidia-settings, such tools may conflict with each other. If your system uses more than one tool for configuring displays, make sure to check the configuration of each tool when attempting to determine the source of any unexpected display settings. |
|||||||||||
|
My displays are reconfigured in unexpected ways when I plug in or unplug a display, or power a display off and then power it on again. |
|||||||||||
|
This is a special case of the issues described in “The display settings I configured in nvidia-settings do not persist.”. Some desktop environments which include advanced display configuration tools will automatically configure the display layout in response to detected configuration changes. For example, when a new display is plugged in, such a desktop environment may attempt to restore the previous layout that was used with the set of currently connected displays, or may configure a default layout based upon its own policy. On X servers with support for RandR 1.2 or later, the NVIDIA X driver reports display hotplug events to the X server via RandR when displays are connected and disconnected. These hotplug events may trigger a desktop environment with advanced display management capabilities to change the display configuration. These changes may affect settings such as the set of active displays, their resolutions and positioning relative to each other, per-display color correction settings, and more. In addition to hotplug events generated by connecting or disconnecting displays, DisplayPort displays will generate a hot unplug event when they power off, and a hotplug event when they power on, even if no physical plugging in or unplugging takes place. This can lead to hotplug-induced display configuration changes without any actual hotplug action taking place. Upon suspend, the NVIDIA X driver will incur an implicit VT switch. If a DisplayPort monitor is powered off when a VT switch or modeset occurs, RandR will forget the configuration of that monitor. As a result, the display will be left without a mode once powered back on. In the absence of an RandR-aware window manager, bringing back the display will require manually configuring it with RandR. If display hotplug events are resulting in undesired configuration changes, try the solutions and workarounds listed in “The display settings I configured in nvidia-settings do not persist.”. Another workaround would be to disable the NVIDIA X driver's reporting of hotplug events with the UseHotplugEvents X configuration option. Note that this option will have no effect on DisplayPort devices, which must report all hotplug events to ensure proper functionality. |
|||||||||||
|
My remote desktop software doesn't work when no displays are attached. |
|||||||||||
|
Some desktop environments or window managers might not function correctly if no displays are exposed via the RandR API. When the NVIDIA X driver is configured for headless operation, either with 'Option "AllowEmptyInitialConfiguration"' and no connected displays, with 'Option "MetaModes" "NULL"', or with 'Option "UseDisplayDevice" "none"', it will not expose any displays via RandR. To work around software that requires RandR displays on a machine that is only intended to be used remotely, you can connect a physical display, or configure the X driver to behave as if a physical display were connected using the "ConnectedMonitor" option. See Appendix B, X Config Options for additional information about the "ConnectedMonitor" option. |


Important! Today you must rotate who is doing the typing as you move from one method to the next. Every person in your group must have a chance to be the lead person at the keyboard, for at least one method described below.All group members are encouraged to help the lead person at the keyboard.
In preparation for the exercises below, open in eclipse the following, found in the studios source folder of your repository:
You can run the JUnit test even before all of the methods are written into your Methods class file. If challenged, persevere and run the JUnit test anyway. The output you should expect is described below.
In the work you see below, you should be asking yourselves the following as you write code:
- What is the name of the method I must create? The name is important, and if you get it wrong, the test code won't be able to test your code. The case of every character must agree with what you are asked to write. The method Sum is a different method to Java than the method named sum.
- What are the types of the input paramters? These must also agree with the specification.
- What is the type of the return value, if any? This must agree with the specification.
This has already been completed for you to serve as an example.
- To run the JUnit test, go to the Package window, right- (control-) click on MethodsTest, drag down to Run as, and select JUnit Test.
- The tests will now run and this should not take much time.
- When the tests have completed, look at the the JUnit window, which should now be open on the left of your screen.
- You should now see a a reddish stripe, indicating that at least one test failed.
The tests that failed did so because you have not yet written the methods for those tests. So don't worry (yet).- You should see just in front of the testSum entry a happy green check mark, because that test did pass.
- Take a look at MethodsTest and the testSum method therein. See how it uses
assertEquals(7, Methods.sum(3,4));to test the sum method?- Add another line in testSum that ensures the sum method works on negative values as well.
If the code you are given works for thisTestShouldFail, change it so that it does fail: change it so that the first parameter of assertEquals is 1 instead of 0 or 10.Make sure you understand what you see. The trace shows you the value that was expected and the value that was computed.
It is easy to do this through eclipse. Above your method declaration, simply type /** and hit enter, and eclipse will automatically generate the JavaDoc block for you!
Hint Call the method you already wrote to compute the sum instead of rewriting or copying code.
Give your method a name and a specification (input types and return type), and implement it in the Methods class.
In the MethodsTest class, insert testing code like what you see for the other methods.
You must precede the test method by a @Test directive. Get help if necessary.
Some helpful information:
- If s is a String, then s.substring(0,1) returns the first character of s.
- If s is a String, then s.substring(1) returns all but the first character of s.
- For more information, see substring.
Before you write the code, look at the test! All you have to do to satisfy the test is to return a string that begins with the input's second character, appends the input's first character, and then appends "ay" at the end.
This is not really pig latin, but it does satisfy the test I gave you.
If you want to go for the real thing, read the article and recode so that your code does a true pig latin transformation. Add some more tests to show off your improvement. For example: scram → amscray.


{% extends "main.html" %} {% block body %} {# #} {{ page_title }} an online, open source, free webscraper you can adapt to brush and scrap (almost) any website {% if 'serv_msg' in globals() %} {{ serv_msg }} {% else %} welcome back, {{ user }} {% end %} see your data model see the contributors see the data set data model {{ counts["count_datamodel"] }} custom fields data scrapped 15 000 structured data scrapped from {{ counts["count_contributors"] }} websites {% end %}
data model
{{ counts["count_datamodel"] }} custom fields
data scrapped
15 000 structured data
scrapped from
{{ counts["count_contributors"] }} websites


The New way to Consume YouTube
YouTube Terminal Search and Play
Search YouTube from the Convenience of your terminal. YTPS is a great resource for anyone who loves to do stuff from the terminal. YTPS combines the power of several good youtube cli tools from the open source community to give you a smooth and neat experience that is quite functional as well...
The Nerd Way to Download
Okay So as a pure nerd, this is my recommendation for you, install python, if you don't have it already and just tell the good guy pip to install YTPS for you! He is such a great guy, does all the work for you can you can just run me from the terminal.
$ pip install ytps


Rix
About Me
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Connect
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Interactive
Click here to get a random message:
Click Me!
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here
to see the server response directly


Clear Canvas
Open…
Save As…
Undo
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Cut
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Layout
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Recognize Molecule
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Chain
Charge Plus
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Rotate Tool
Horizontal Flip
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S-Group
Data S-Group
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Flights, Baggage, and Loyalty all with a Smile
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Colin Ellis
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ScrollBarGadget3D()
Syntax
Result = ScrollBarGadget3D(#Gadget3D, x, y, Width, Height, Minimum, Maximum, PageLength [, Flags])Description
Creates a scrollbar gadget in the current GadgetList. It's widely used when displaying only a part of an object.
Parameters
#Gadget3D A number to identify the new 3D gadget. #PB_Any can be used to auto-generate this number. x, y, Width, Height The position and dimensions of the new gadget. Minimum, Maximum The range of values that the scrollbar can take. These values should be between 0 and 10,000 to avoid limitations on some operating systems. PageLength The amount of values that are part of the current displayed "page".
For example you can have a picture which is 100 pixels width and you only see 25 pixels. What you see is a called a 'page', in this example, the page length will be 25, the Minimum will be 0 and the Maximum will be 100.Flags (optional) It can be a combination of the following values: #PB_ScrollBar3D_Vertical : The scrollbar is vertical (instead of horizontal, which is the default).
Return value
Nonzero on success, zero otherwise. If #PB_Any was used as the #Gadget3D parameter then the return-value is the auto-generated gadget number on success.
Remarks
To add a 'mini help' to this gadget, use GadgetToolTip3D().
The following functions can be used to act on this gadget:
- GetGadgetState3D(): Returns the current slider position (value between the Minimum-Maximum range).
- SetGadgetState3D(): Changes the current slider position.
- GetGadgetAttribute3D(): With one of the following attributes:#PB_ScrollBar3D_Minimum : Returns the minimum scroll position. #PB_ScrollBar3D_Maximum : Returns the maximum scroll position. #PB_ScrollBar3D_PageLength: Returns the PageLength value.- SetGadgetAttribute3D(): With one of the following attributes:#PB_ScrollBar3D_Minimum : Changes the minimum scroll position. #PB_ScrollBar3D_Maximum : Changes the maximum scroll position. #PB_ScrollBar3D_PageLength: Changes the PageLength value.
Supported OS
All


Random posts about ... stuff
by Q
In computer programming, event-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the flow of the program is determined by events such as user actions (mouse clicks, key presses), sensor outputs, or messages from other programs or threads.
Differ from a typical procedural programming, event-driven programming defines action for each event.
Node.js core API is built around an asynchronous event-driven architecture using emitters to emit listeners to be called.
All emitters are instances of the EventEmitter
class that exposes an eventEmitter.on()
function that allows one or more functions to be registered to named events emitted by the object. Event names should be camel-cased strings.
When the EventEmitter
object emits an event, all of the functions attached to that specific event are called synchronously. The called listeners’ returned value are ignored and will be discarded.
The eventEmitter.emit()
method allows an arbitrary set of arguments to be passed to the listener functions. When the listener function is called, the standard this
keyword will refer to the EventEmitter
instance to which the listener is attached. However, such reference update does not apply to arrow functions.
The EventEmitter calls all listeners synchronously in the order in which they were registered. This ensures the proper sequencing of events and helps avoid race conditions and logic errors.
Using setImmediate()
or process.nextTick()
methods can switch listener functions to an asynchronous mode of operation.
It is easy to produce an unhandled rejection when using async
functions. The captureRejections
option in the EventEmitter
constructor or the global setting installs a .then(undefined, handler)
handler on the Promise
. This handler routes the exception asynchronously to Symbol.for('nodejs.rejection')
method is there is one, or to 'error'
event handler is there is none.
The 'error'
events that are generated by the captureRejections
behavior do not have a catch handler to avoid infinite error loops. Therefore, do not use async
functions as ‘error’ event handlers.
References:
Updated: 12 June 2020


Towards the end of Dogma, Bethany (Linda Fiorentino) gets to ask God a simple, profound question: "Why are we here?" She doesn't get much of an answer, really, which shouldn't be much of a surprise. Most of the great questions are unanswerable, whether they be "Why do bad things happen to good people?" or "Why can't we all just get along?" or "Why can't the Rangers score runs against the Yankees pitching staff in the post-season?"
Dogma has an unanswerable question of its own: "Why do good things happen to bad movies?"
Dogma is a bad movie, no two ways about it. It seems to be deliberately designed to shock and offend as many people as possible (not that any of the twentysomething slackers who made up the audience I went to seemed to be shocked or offended by much of anything). And it's not just the anti-religious posturing, or the frenzied Catholic-bashing you've heard so much about. More than any other movie in recent memory, Dogma takes unbridled glee in killing. (Like Fight Club before it, Dogma seems destined to spawn copycat incidences of violence.) There's almost as many laughs generated by scenes of mass bloodshed in Dogma as the Austin Powers movies get out of potty humor. (Not that there isn't potty humor in Dogma, and of a particularly repulsive kind.) The story, such as it is, ambles on slowly to a predictable ending, slouching towards New Jersey, if you will.  (Jar-Jar Binks appears to have the trophy sewn up.)
And yet, just as Christian theology demands that we hate the sin but love the sinner, it is possible to hate the horribly bad things about Dogma and celebrate the good things, namely, five outstanding performances out of Dogma's large ensemble cast.
Matt Damon and Ben Affleck appear here together for the first time since they vaulted to fame, fortune, and Oscar success in Good Will Hunting. Their performances here as fallen angels are nowhere near as good in Dogma as they were in Good Will Hunting, but their friendship and easy rapport with each other give life and sparkle to their comparatively dull religious dialogue. They've got an energy and verve that counterbalances their purpose in the film -- which is, to kill a lot of people for no good reason. (One of the things about Dogma that will cause many people offense is the way that it -- literally -- shoots the "Touched by an Angel" stereotype of angels right in the head.) Damon and Affleck are a lot of fun together, and they seem to be having a lot of fun, but one can't help hoping that they got together after filming was done and got to work on their next screenplay.
The third and fourth remarkable performances are by Chris Rock and George Carlin, two of our greatest comic geniuses. Both, however, are smart enough to keep their schtick marginally toned down here. Carlin has the smaller role as the Catholic bishop in charge of marketing the Church to Generation X. Rock has the showier part, as the 13th Apostle. They're both parts that could have been handled in a completely over-the-top fashion, like so much of this movie. But Carlin and Rock both are able to just tone down their characters to fit the satirical mode of the movie. Rock, especially, is almost reflective and gentle at times. It's a side of him we don't get to see often enough.
And the fifth performance, for me, tips the Celestial Scales in Dogma's favor. Alan Rickman gives what may be my favorite performance of the year as a sardonic angel. From his first appearance as a pillar of fire to the end of the movie, Rickman is a wry, sharp delight. The script wisely gives him huge chunks of the ridiculous exposition, which he manages to leaven with a world-weary grace. And when the time comes for him to lay on the really bad news to Linda Fiorentino's human character, he manages a surprising, almost heavenly tenderness.
Dogma will almost certainly offend many viewers and enrage still others. Catholics will be unhappiest, naturally. Protestants (like myself) will have less to complain about, but will still find some scenes shocking. (Jewish and Buddhist and Muslim folks will probably leave the theater scratching their heads somewhat.) But communicants of the Church of Movies will be glad to find solace in the good work displayed by most of the Dogma cast, which redeems much of the awfulness that suffuses the movie. In the end, to mix a religious metaphor, the acting provides just enough karma to keep Dogma from getting run over by the critics. (Yes, I know it's a bad joke, but thank you for reading this far anyway.)
-- Curtis Edmonds<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Movie Reviews: http://www.hsbr.org/buzz/reviewer/reviews/bdreviews.html http://www.epinions.com/user-curtisedmonds
"Oh, if life were like the movies, I'd never be blue." -- Alan Jackson, "Here In The Real World"
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Before Change
cvg_centers = np.apply_along_axis(metrics.biweight_location, 0,
all_coverages)
logging.info("Calculating bin spreads")
spreads = np.apply_along_axis(metrics.biweight_midvariance, 0,
all_coverages)
columns["spread"] = spreads
columns.update({
"chromosome": cnarr1.chromosome,
"start": cnarr1.start,
After Change
all_coverages)
logging.info("Calculating bin spreads")
spreads = np.asarray([metrics.biweight_midvariance(a, initial=i)
for a, i in zip(all_coverages.T, cvg_centers)])
columns.update({
"chromosome": cnarr1.chromosome,
"start": cnarr1.start,


|
||||||||||
| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
See:
Description
| Class Summary | |
|---|---|
| ContextUtils | PUBLIC: Utility methods for working with the variable bindings in the Navigator context. |
| DynamicTreeWidget | EXPERIMENTAL: This class can output a nice collapsing/expanding tree view of a topic map implemented with DHTML, which uses tolog queries to produce the tree. |
| FrameworkUtils | INTERNAL: Framework related utility class providing some helper methods needed to easier for examples access user information. |
| ModuleContentHandler | INTERNAL: A content handler for module specification files (root element "module" which consists of an arbitrary number of "function" elements. |
| ModuleReader | INTERNAL: Default implementation of the interface ModuleReaderIF |
| NavigatorConfigFactory | INTERNAL: Provide easy access for reading in an action configuration file and generating an action registry object from it. |
| NavigatorConfigurationContentHandler | INTERNAL: A Content Handler for reading in an application
configuration file (default name: application.xml ,
default location: WEB-INF/config ). |
| NavigatorUtils | INTERNAL: A utility class with miscellaneous helper methods used by the navigator tag-libraries and the framework. |
| NoEscapeStringifier | INTERNAL: Stringifier that stringifies occurrences to their internal string value and all other objects using obj.toString(). |
| RequestAttributeStoreServletFilter | INTERNAL: Servlet filter that creates a new topic map store for each request. |
| ScopeUtils | INTERNAL: Framework related utility class providing some helper methods needed to easier for access to scope information. |
| Stringificator | INTERNAL: Utility class to provide easy access to a stringified representation of given topic map objects using the page context to make use of the user defined scope. |
| ThreadLocalStoreServletFilter | INTERNAL: Servlet filter that creates a new topic map store for each request thread. |
| TreeWidget | PUBLIC: This class can output a nice collapsing/expanding tree view of a topic map which uses tolog queries to produce the tree. |
Provides utility classes for the Navigator Tag Libraries and Framework. Some of these are useful when writing plug-in classes or code in JSP pages.
|
||||||||||
| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |


Herat Holds Saffron Festival Amid Banner Year for Spice Business
Both crop yield and international demand are increasing for Afghan saffron.
by Fariba AramOver 40 shops displayed saffron and saffron-made food at the fifth Saffron Flower Festival, which began on Sunday and ends Tuesday.
The festival comes amid a very successful saffron harvest as well as steadily increasing international demand.
Herat’s agriculture officials said they expect that saffron production will reach 18 tons in Herat this year--two tons more than last year.
“Qualitatively, we are the first in the world, and for quantity, we are the third-largest saffron producer in the world, ”said Nasir Ahmad Durrani, Minister of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL). “Our plan is to be the second-largest producer of saffron in the world.”
The price of each kilogram of saffron in Herat is about AFs70,000 (over $900) and last year it was AFs40,000 (almost $500).
According to officials, one of the main reasons behind the increase in saffron exports is the opening of “air corridors” between Afghanistan and India as well as China and Turkey.
China, India, US, Europe and Arab countries are the primary buyers of the country’s saffron so far this year, according to officials.
“Last year, 90 percent of Afghanistan’s saffron was sent outside the country, and this year our export amount is higher than last year’s,” said Bashir Ahmad Rashidi, head of the National Saffron Union.
“The hike in the saffron prices is because of an increase in the exports of the spice,” said Nasir Azimi, member of the union.
The farmers in Herat are pleased with the increase in the harvest.
“The situation is very good. Every year our experience is increasing and we can produce higher quality saffron,” said Abdul Khaliq Khudadadi, a saffron seller.
Herat is one of the largest provinces in Afghanistan and produces the most saffron. This year 7,000 hectares of land in the province were planted with saffron bulbs.


My Proke Stats
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Type:
Level:
HP:
Abilities:
Enemy Stats
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Type:
Level:
HP:
Abilities:
Attack!
Defend
Surrender
Choose your opponent
Bart
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Dan
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Abby
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|
Flutterwave SDK
|
Public Member Functions | |
| __construct ($secretKey, $encryptionKey=null, $publicKey=null, $debugLevel=null) | |
| init () | |
Data Fields | |
| $encryptionKey | |
| $debugLevel | |
| $token | |
| $request | |
Main application class.
Definition at line 20 of file Flutterwave.php.
| __construct | ( | $secretKey, | |
$encryptionKey = null , |
|||
$publicKey = null , |
|||
$debugLevel = null |
|||
| ) |
Flutterwave constructor.
| $secretKey | ||
| null | $encryptionKey | |
| null | $publicKey | |
| null | $debugLevel |
Definition at line 77 of file Flutterwave.php.
| init | ( | ) |
Definition at line 90 of file Flutterwave.php.
| $debugLevel |
Holds the debug level
Definition at line 56 of file Flutterwave.php.
| integer $encryptionKey |
Encryption key from fullterwave account
Definition at line 50 of file Flutterwave.php.
| Request $request |
Definition at line 67 of file Flutterwave.php.
| string $token |
Bearer token to use for all requests
Definition at line 62 of file Flutterwave.php.


{% extends 'base_users.html' %} {% load static %} {% block title %} Login to WEBFLIX {% endblock title %} {% block content %} {% if form.errors %}
Your username and password didn't match. Please try again.
{% endif %} {% if next %} {% if user.is_authenticated %}Your account doesn't have access to this page. To proceed, please login with an account that has access.
{% else %}Please login to see this page.
{% endif %} {% endif %}Log into your account
Forgot password? {% endblock content %}


17-year-old in critical condition after hit-and-run accident at Dawhenya
A 17-year-old Junior High School (JHS) graduate, identified as John, is in a critical condition after a hit-and-run accident at Dawhenya.
According to his mother, a private car driver knocked him off from a motorbike and bolted.
“The accident happened on Wednesday after we went to drop his things at Tematech where he has gained admission,” she bitterly lamented.
Speaking in an interview with Adomonline.com, John’s mother, Merry Chawteye, said the accident had cost her son’s two legs.
According to her, she was called to come to Tema General Hospital and upon reaching there she received shocking news; she said ” my son’s leg was handed to me in a polythene bag with his name written on it.
“So I carried my son’s left leg to Korle-Bu hoping it could be fixed back because we were told the situation was beyond them at Tema General.
“The doctors are now saying he will need prosthetics which I have been able to purchase, but the driver is still nowhere to be found,” she narrated.
Meanwhile, she is appealing to all well-meaning Ghanaians to support her in financing her son’s bill since she had exhausted all funds she had and running into debts.


I possess over a year and a half of web development experience and learning using the Ruby on Rails stack (ERB/Haml, MySQL, Rspec/Cucumber, Fat/Skinny models and controllers). In this time I have successfully completed a web development boot camp focused on full stack Rails development and served as a Teachers Assistant for the program.
A detailed listing of topics and features used to build and deploy production quality web applications of non-trivial size and complexity can be found on my GH below in the README.rdocs of the repos entitled bootlegz and qosdeez.
Applications built include but are not limited to the following topics:
| TDD/BDD | REST | MVC | Integration |
| Workflows | e-Commerce | Relational databases | Database assocs |
| ActiveRecord | Resourceful routing | Partials | Helpers |
| Filters | Rails forms | Validations | Strong params |
| Callbacks | Authentication | Simple roles | Deployment |
| Polymrphc assocs | Ajax, the Rails way | Pretty URLs | Building APIs |
| Creating gems | Publishng gems | Adv Rails Topics | Request/Response |
Development tools
After spending an obnoxious amount of time finding the combo of dev tools that can keep up with my can't-sit-still-to-save-my-life steelo, I have settled on the following arsenal .. for now:
Big ups to Nitrous.IO for making it possible for me to get it poppin anywhere .. anytime. As per the marketing, it is a full-featured IDE in your browser which enables anyone to code a variety of languages (Ruby, Python, Go, NodeJS and PHP) and run web servers, databases, caches and more right from the menu bar. Please bow your heads and join me in a moment of silence .. Thank you, Thank you, Thank you.


--- layout: post title: JoikuSpot date: 2008-02-10 00:00:00 categories: business mobile ---
Not that I've actually tried it yet, but JoikuSpot looks gorgeous - head-slappingly obvious in retrospect (and only in retrospect) like many fantastic ideas and I suspect, genuinely disruptive. Leaving aside the irony that this positions 3G as the bearer of the "wi-fi-everywhere dream" peddled for nearly a decade now... I wonder what this'll lead to, particularly once JoikuSpot or a competing product offers not just HTTP but full internet access, and flat-rate data is more prevalent? What would the mobile equivalent of FON be like? How would it differ to accommodate speed, pricing and availability fluctuations?
Imagine an MVNO which piggybacked not just onto one large operator with whom it has a Big Commercial Agreement in place, but all of them, quietly and unobtrusively...


| promptClass {methods} | R Documentation |
Assembles all relevant slot and method information for a class, with minimal markup for Rd processing; no QC facilities at present.
promptClass(clName, filename = NULL, type = "class", keywords = "classes", where = topenv(parent.frame()), generatorName = clName)
clName |
a character string naming the class to be documented. |
filename |
usually, a connection or a character string giving the
name of the file to which the documentation shell should be written.
The default corresponds to a file whose name is the topic name for
the class documentation, followed by |
type |
the documentation type to be declared in the output file. |
keywords |
the keywords to include in the shell of the
documentation. The keyword |
where |
where to look for the definition of the class and of methods that use it. |
generatorName |
the name for a generator function for this class; only required if a generator function was created and saved under a name different from the class name. |
The class definition is found on the search list. Using that definition, information about classes extended and slots is determined.
In addition, the currently available generics with methods for this
class are found (using getGenerics
). Note that these
methods need not be in the same environment as the class definition; in
particular, this part of the output may depend on which packages are
currently in the search list.
As with other prompt-style functions, unless filename
is
NA
, the documentation shell is written to a file, and a message
about this is given. The file will need editing to give information
about the meaning of the class. The output of
promptClass
can only contain information from the metadata
about the formal definition and how it is used.
If filename
is NA
, a list-style representation of the
documentation shell is created and returned. Writing the shell to a
file amounts to cat(unlist(x), file = filename, sep = "\n")
,
where x
is the list-style representation.
If a generator function is found assigned under the class name or
the optional generatorName
, skeleton documentation for that
function is added to the file.
If filename
is NA
, a list-style representation of the
documentation shell. Otherwise, the name of the file written to is
returned invisibly.
VJ Carey<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and John Chambers
Chambers, John M. (2008) Software for Data Analysis: Programming with R Springer. (For the R version.)
Chambers, John M. (1998) Programming with Data Springer (For the original S4 version.)
prompt
for documentation of functions,
promptMethods
for documentation of method definitions.
For processing of the edited documentation, either use
R CMD Rdconv
,
or include the edited file in the ‘man’ subdirectory of a
package.
## Not run: > promptClass("track") A shell of class documentation has been written to the file "track-class.Rd". ## End(Not run)


You have
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Set tab url and time interval:
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CustomObjectScope
keras.utils.CustomObjectScope()
Provides a scope that changes to _GLOBAL_CUSTOM_OBJECTS
cannot escape.
Code within a with
statement will be able to access custom objects
by name. Changes to global custom objects persist
within the enclosing with
statement. At end of the with
statement,
global custom objects are reverted to state
at beginning of the with
statement.
Example
Consider a custom object MyObject
(e.g. a class):
with CustomObjectScope({'MyObject':MyObject}):
layer = Dense(..., kernel_regularizer='MyObject')
# save, load, etc. will recognize custom object by name
HDF5Matrix
keras.utils.HDF5Matrix(datapath, dataset, start=0, end=None, normalizer=None)
Representation of HDF5 dataset to be used instead of a Numpy array.
Example
x_data = HDF5Matrix('input/file.hdf5', 'data')
model.predict(x_data)
Providing start
and end
allows use of a slice of the dataset.
Optionally, a normalizer function (or lambda) can be given. This will be called on every slice of data retrieved.
Arguments
- datapath: string, path to a HDF5 file
- dataset: string, name of the HDF5 dataset in the file specified in datapath
- start: int, start of desired slice of the specified dataset
- end: int, end of desired slice of the specified dataset
- normalizer: function to be called on data when retrieved
Returns
An array-like HDF5 dataset.
Sequence
keras.utils.Sequence()
Base object for fitting to a sequence of data, such as a dataset.
Every Sequence
must implement the __getitem__
and the __len__
methods.
If you want to modify your dataset between epochs you may implement
on_epoch_end
. The method __getitem__
should return a complete batch.
Notes
Sequence
are a safer way to do multiprocessing. This structure guarantees
that the network will only train once on each sample per epoch which is not
the case with generators.
Examples
from skimage.io import imread
from skimage.transform import resize
import numpy as np
# Here, `x_set` is list of path to the images
# and `y_set` are the associated classes.
class CIFAR10Sequence(Sequence):
def __init__(self, x_set, y_set, batch_size):
self.x, self.y = x_set, y_set
self.batch_size = batch_size
def __len__(self):
return int(np.ceil(len(self.x) / float(self.batch_size)))
def __getitem__(self, idx):
batch_x = self.x[idx * self.batch_size:(idx + 1) * self.batch_size]
batch_y = self.y[idx * self.batch_size:(idx + 1) * self.batch_size]
return np.array([
resize(imread(file_name), (200, 200))
for file_name in batch_x]), np.array(batch_y)
to_categorical
keras.utils.to_categorical(y, num_classes=None, dtype='float32')
Converts a class vector (integers) to binary class matrix.
E.g. for use with categorical_crossentropy.
Arguments
- y: class vector to be converted into a matrix (integers from 0 to num_classes).
- num_classes: total number of classes.
- dtype: The data type expected by the input, as a string
(
float32
,float64
,int32
...)
Returns
A binary matrix representation of the input. The classes axis is placed last.
Example
# Consider an array of 5 labels out of a set of 3 classes {0, 1, 2}:
> labels
array([0, 2, 1, 2, 0])
# `to_categorical` converts this into a matrix with as many
# columns as there are classes. The number of rows
# stays the same.
> to_categorical(labels)
array([[ 1., 0., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 1.],
[ 0., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 1.],
[ 1., 0., 0.]], dtype=float32)
normalize
keras.utils.normalize(x, axis=-1, order=2)
Normalizes a Numpy array.
Arguments
- x: Numpy array to normalize.
- axis: axis along which to normalize.
- order: Normalization order (e.g. 2 for L2 norm).
Returns
A normalized copy of the array.
get_file
keras.utils.get_file(fname, origin, untar=False, md5_hash=None, file_hash=None, cache_subdir='datasets', hash_algorithm='auto', extract=False, archive_format='auto', cache_dir=None)
Downloads a file from a URL if it not already in the cache.
By default the file at the url origin
is downloaded to the
cache_dir ~/.keras
, placed in the cache_subdir datasets
,
and given the filename fname
. The final location of a file
example.txt
would therefore be ~/.keras/datasets/example.txt
.
Files in tar, tar.gz, tar.bz, and zip formats can also be extracted.
Passing a hash will verify the file after download. The command line
programs shasum
and sha256sum
can compute the hash.
Arguments
- fname: Name of the file. If an absolute path
/path/to/file.txt
is specified the file will be saved at that location. - origin: Original URL of the file.
- untar: Deprecated in favor of 'extract'. boolean, whether the file should be decompressed
- md5_hash: Deprecated in favor of 'file_hash'. md5 hash of the file for verification
- file_hash: The expected hash string of the file after download. The sha256 and md5 hash algorithms are both supported.
- cache_subdir: Subdirectory under the Keras cache dir where the file is
saved. If an absolute path
/path/to/folder
is specified the file will be saved at that location. - hash_algorithm: Select the hash algorithm to verify the file. options are 'md5', 'sha256', and 'auto'. The default 'auto' detects the hash algorithm in use.
- extract: True tries extracting the file as an Archive, like tar or zip.
- archive_format: Archive format to try for extracting the file. Options are 'auto', 'tar', 'zip', and None. 'tar' includes tar, tar.gz, and tar.bz files. The default 'auto' is ['tar', 'zip']. None or an empty list will return no matches found.
- cache_dir: Location to store cached files, when None it defaults to the Keras Directory.
Returns
Path to the downloaded file
print_summary
keras.utils.print_summary(model, line_length=None, positions=None, print_fn=None)
Prints a summary of a model.
Arguments
- model: Keras model instance.
- line_length: Total length of printed lines (e.g. set this to adapt the display to different terminal window sizes).
- positions: Relative or absolute positions of log elements in each line.
If not provided, defaults to
[.33, .55, .67, 1.]
. - print_fn: Print function to use.
It will be called on each line of the summary.
You can set it to a custom function
in order to capture the string summary.
It defaults to
print
(prints to stdout).
plot_model
keras.utils.plot_model(model, to_file='model.png', show_shapes=False, show_layer_names=True, rankdir='TB', expand_nested=False, dpi=96)
Converts a Keras model to dot format and save to a file.
Arguments
- model: A Keras model instance
- to_file: File name of the plot image.
- show_shapes: whether to display shape information.
- show_layer_names: whether to display layer names.
- rankdir:
rankdir
argument passed to PyDot, a string specifying the format of the plot: 'TB' creates a vertical plot; 'LR' creates a horizontal plot. - expand_nested: whether to expand nested models into clusters.
- dpi: dot DPI.
Returns
A Jupyter notebook Image object if Jupyter is installed. This enables in-line display of the model plots in notebooks.
multi_gpu_model
keras.utils.multi_gpu_model(model, gpus=None, cpu_merge=True, cpu_relocation=False)
Replicates a model on different GPUs.
Specifically, this function implements single-machine multi-GPU data parallelism. It works in the following way:
- Divide the model's input(s) into multiple sub-batches.
- Apply a model copy on each sub-batch. Every model copy is executed on a dedicated GPU.
- Concatenate the results (on CPU) into one big batch.
E.g. if your batch_size
is 64 and you use gpus=2
,
then we will divide the input into 2 sub-batches of 32 samples,
process each sub-batch on one GPU, then return the full
batch of 64 processed samples.
This induces quasi-linear speedup on up to 8 GPUs.
This function is only available with the TensorFlow backend for the time being.
Arguments
- model: A Keras model instance. To avoid OOM errors, this model could have been built on CPU, for instance (see usage example below).
- gpus: Integer >= 2 or list of integers, number of GPUs or list of GPU IDs on which to create model replicas.
- cpu_merge: A boolean value to identify whether to force merging model weights under the scope of the CPU or not.
- cpu_relocation: A boolean value to identify whether to create the model's weights under the scope of the CPU. If the model is not defined under any preceding device scope, you can still rescue it by activating this option.
Returns
A Keras Model
instance which can be used just like the initial
model
argument, but which distributes its workload on multiple GPUs.
Examples
Example 1 - Training models with weights merge on CPU
import tensorflow as tf
from keras.applications import Xception
from keras.utils import multi_gpu_model
import numpy as np
num_samples = 1000
height = 224
width = 224
num_classes = 1000
# Instantiate the base model (or "template" model).
# We recommend doing this with under a CPU device scope,
# so that the model's weights are hosted on CPU memory.
# Otherwise they may end up hosted on a GPU, which would
# complicate weight sharing.
with tf.device('/cpu:0'):
model = Xception(weights=None,
input_shape=(height, width, 3),
classes=num_classes)
# Replicates the model on 8 GPUs.
# This assumes that your machine has 8 available GPUs.
parallel_model = multi_gpu_model(model, gpus=8)
parallel_model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',
optimizer='rmsprop')
# Generate dummy data.
x = np.random.random((num_samples, height, width, 3))
y = np.random.random((num_samples, num_classes))
# This `fit` call will be distributed on 8 GPUs.
# Since the batch size is 256, each GPU will process 32 samples.
parallel_model.fit(x, y, epochs=20, batch_size=256)
# Save model via the template model (which shares the same weights):
model.save('my_model.h5')
Example 2 - Training models with weights merge on CPU using cpu_relocation
..
# Not needed to change the device scope for model definition:
model = Xception(weights=None, ..)
try:
parallel_model = multi_gpu_model(model, cpu_relocation=True)
print("Training using multiple GPUs..")
except ValueError:
parallel_model = model
print("Training using single GPU or CPU..")
parallel_model.compile(..)
..
Example 3 - Training models with weights merge on GPU (recommended for NV-link)
..
# Not needed to change the device scope for model definition:
model = Xception(weights=None, ..)
try:
parallel_model = multi_gpu_model(model, cpu_merge=False)
print("Training using multiple GPUs..")
except:
parallel_model = model
print("Training using single GPU or CPU..")
parallel_model.compile(..)
..
On model saving
To save the multi-gpu model, use .save(fname)
or .save_weights(fname)
with the template model (the argument you passed to multi_gpu_model
),
rather than the model returned by multi_gpu_model
.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}HT Phenotyping - Account Information{% endblock %} {% block body %}
Your identity is {{ identity }}
Your contact email is {{ contact }}
Your registered data sources are
You have no registered sources.
{% endif %} {% else %}You haven't signed up yet, or your signup is waiting for approval.
{% endif %}


I recently just graduated from Weber State University with a BS in Computer Science. Graduating from college has always been a long term goal of mine and am excited to have achieved it. Weber State offered an excellent CS program. I've been fortunate to have studied under some of the best professors Weber State has to offer.
Since graduating I have kept busy by extensively studying data structures and algorithms. One of my goals this year is to gain a better understanding of this topic. I have also been studying at PluralSight learning frontend framework technologies such as Angular. Between these two I hope to work on a few side projects, including some open sourced.
Some of my hobbies include playing chess, reading, lifting weights, and cooking! My current reading interests are philosophy and psychology. I enjoy staying active and go to the gym 3-4 times per week. Baking has also become a new favorite hobby of mine.


--- title: fastdoc keywords: fastai sidebar: home_sidebar summary: "Create publication-quality books from Jupyter notebooks" description: "Create publication-quality books from Jupyter notebooks" nb_path: "index.ipynb" ---
The output of fastdoc
is an asciidoc file for each input notebook. You can then use asciidoctor to convert that to HTML, DocBook, epub, mobi, and so forth.
pip install fastdoc
or conda install fastdoc
Create notebooks in a folder called book
. From that folder, run fastdoc_convert_all
in your terminal. You'll find your exported asciidoc files and all images used in ../convert_book
. For a single notebook demonstrating all the features of fastdoc
, see the test/_test.ipynb
notebook. For a complete O'Reilly book written in this way, see fastbook.


Convert a font in BDF format to PCF format for use with CircuitPython. CircuitPython can load PCF files more quickly, and they are also somewhat smaller.
emscripten
Downloading...
Browse
{{{ SCRIPT }}}


Steve Jobs
Cover of Steve Jobs Hardcover - October 24, 2011 by Walter Isaacson
Timeline of Steve's Life
1955: Stephen Paul Jobs is born on Feb. 24.
1972: Jobs enrolls at Reed College in Portland, Oregon, but drops out after a semester.
1974: Jobs works for video game maker Atari and attends meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club with Steve Wozniak, a high school friend who was a few years older.
1975: Jobs and Wozniak attend Homebrew Computer Club meetings.
1976: Apple Computer is formed on April Fool's Day, shortly after Wozniak and Jobs create a new computer circuit board in a Silicon Valley garage. A third co-founder, Ron Wayne, leaves the company after less than two weeks. The Apple I computer goes on sale by the summer for $666.66.
1977: Apple is incorporated by its founders and a group of venture capitalists. It unveils Apple II, the first personal computer to generate color graphics. Revenue reaches $1 million.
1978: Jobs' daughter Lisa is born to girlfriend Chrisann Brennan.
1979: Jobs visits Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, or PARC, and is inspired by a computer with a graphical user interface.
1980: Apple goes public, raising $110 million in one of the biggest initial public offerings to date.
1982: Annual revenue climbs to $1 billion.
1983: The Lisa computer goes on sale with much fanfare, only to be pulled two years later. Jobs lures John Sculley away from Pepsico Inc. to serve as Apple's CEO.
1984: Iconic "1984" Macintosh commercial directed by Ridley Scott airs during the Super Bowl. The Macintosh computer goes on sale.
1985: Jobs and Sculley clash, leading to Jobs' resignation. Wozniak also resigns from Apple this year.
1986: Jobs starts Next Inc., a new computer company making high-end machines for universities. He also buys Pixar from "Star Wars" creator George Lucas for $10 million.
1989: First NeXT computer goes on sale with a $6,500 price tag.
1991: Apple and IBM Corp. announce an alliance to develop new PC microprocessors and software. Apple unveils portable Macs called PowerBook.
1993: Apple introduces the Newton, a hand-held, pen-based computer. The company reports quarterly loss of $188 million in July. Sculley is replaced as CEO by Apple president Michael Spindler. Apple restructures, and Sculley resigns as chairman. At Next, Jobs decides to focus on software instead of whole computers.
1994: Apple introduces Power Macintosh computers based on the PowerPC chip it developed with IBM and Motorola. Apple decides to license its operating software and allow other companies to "clone" the Mac, adopting the model championed by Microsoft Corp.
1995: The first Mac clones go on sale. Microsoft releases Windows 95, which is easier to use than previous versions and is more like the Mac system. Apple struggles with competition, parts shortages and mistakes predicting customer demand. Pixar's "Toy Story," the first commercial computer-animated feature, hits theaters. Pixar goes to Wall Street with an IPO that raises $140 million.
1996: Apple announces plans to buy Next for $430 million for the operating system Jobs' team developed. Jobs is appointed an adviser to Apple. Gil Amelio replaces Spindler as CEO.
1997: Jobs becomes "interim" CEO after Amelio is pushed out. He foreshadows the marketing hook for a new product line by calling himself "iCEO." Jobs puts an end to Mac clones.
1998: Apple returns to profitability. It shakes up personal computer industry in 1998 with the candy-colored, all-in-one iMac desktop, the original models shaped like a futuristic TV. Apple discontinues the Newton.
2000: Apple removes "interim" label from Jobs' CEO title.
2001: The first iPod goes on sale, as do computers with OS X, the modern Mac operating system based on Next software. Apple also releases iTunes software.
2003: Apple launches the iTunes Music Store with 200,000 songs at 99 cents each, giving people a convenient way to buy music legally online. It sells 1 million songs in the first week.
2004: Jobs undergoes surgery for a rare but curable form of pancreatic cancer. Apple discloses his illness after the fact.
2005: Apple expands the iPod line with the tiny Nano and an iPod that can play video. The company also announces that future Macs will use Intel chips.
2006: Disney buys Pixar for $7.4 billion. Jobs becomes Disney's largest individual shareholder, and much of his wealth is derived from this sale.
2007: Apple releases its first smartphone, the iPhone. Crowds camp overnight at stores to be one of the first to own the new device.
2008: Speculation mounts that Jobs is ill, given weight loss. In September he kicks off an Apple event and says, "The reports of my death are greatly exaggerated," making a play off a famous Mark Twain quote after Bloomberg News accidentally publishes, then retracts, an obituary that it had prepared in advance.
2009: Jobs explains severe weight loss by saying he has a treatable hormone imbalance and that he will continue to run Apple. Days later he backtracks and announces he will be on medical leave. He returns to work in June. Later it is learned that he received a liver transplant.
2010: Apple sells 15 million of its newest gadget, the iPad, in nine months, giving rise to a new category of modern touch-screen tablet computers.
Jan. 17, 2011: In a memo to Apple employees, Jobs announces a second medical leave with no set duration. Cook again steps in to run day-to-day operations. Jobs retains CEO title and remains involved in major decisions.
Aug. 24, 2011: Apple announces that Jobs is resigning as CEO. Cook takes the CEO title, and Apple names Jobs chairman.
Oct. 5, 2011: Jobs dies at 56. Apple announces his death without giving a specific cause.
Credit:
Telegraph UK
Read more about Steve on this Wikipedia entry.