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java.lang.Object atg.service.email.MimeMessageUtils
A set of static utility methods for creating and filling in
javax.mail.Message
objects. In particular, the
createMessage
methods of this class create
javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage
objects; other
methods can be used to set the various fields of the message,
specify the message content, and so on.
Note that the setContent
methods in this
class typically call through to
javax.mail.Part.setContent(Object obj, String type)
to set the content of the message or each of its parts. The
type of the content can be any MIME type; however, for the
message to be sent successfully, a
javax.activation.DataContentHandler
class for
the specified type should be available to the JavaMail
implementation. For example, to do
setContent(foobar, "application/x-foobar")
, a
DataContentHandler
for "application/x-foobar"
should be installed. The Object passed in to the
setContent
method should be of type expected by
the DataContentHandler
associated with the
content type.
If you want to create and send messages with a content
type unknown to the system, you will first need to write a
DataContentHandler
implementation specific to
your content type. Once you have your
FoobarDataContentHandler
, you will need to
make it available to the Java Activation Framework. One way
to do that is by providing a mailcap
file with
the new content handler entry in it (see JAF documentation,
particularly javax.activation.MailcapCommandMap
class documentation, for more information). Another option
is to provide the same information to the
DataContentHandlerRegistry
component, by
setting its dataContentHandlerMap
property.
Following is the list of MIME types currently supported
by the system, assuming a
DataContentHandlerRegistry
component with the
standard configuration is used. For each content type, we
also indicate the type of Object that must be passed in to
setContent
for the associated
DataContentHandler
to work correctly:
String
)
String
)
Message
,
MimeMessage
,
DataContentHandler
,
MailcapCommandMap
,
DataContentHandlerRegistry
| Field Summary | |
static java.lang.String |
CLASS_VERSION
Class version string |
| Constructor Summary | |
MimeMessageUtils()
|
| Method Summary | |
static void |
addRecipient(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
javax.mail.Message.RecipientType pRecipientType,
java.lang.String pRecipient)
Adds a recipient to the message. |
static void |
addRecipients(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
javax.mail.Message.RecipientType pRecipientType,
java.lang.String[] pRecipients)
Adds recipients to the message. |
static javax.mail.Message |
createMessage()
Creates a new, empty Message object. |
static javax.mail.Message |
createMessage(javax.mail.Session pSession)
Creates a new, empty Message object. |
static javax.mail.Message |
createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom,
java.lang.String pSubject)
Creates a new Message object with the given From and Subject fields. |
static javax.mail.Message |
createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom,
java.lang.String pSubject,
javax.mail.Session pSession)
Creates a new Message object with the given From and Subject fields. |
static javax.mail.Message |
createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom,
java.lang.String pSubject,
java.lang.String pReplyTo)
Creates a new Message object with the given From ReplyTo and Subject fields. |
static javax.mail.Message |
createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom,
java.lang.String pSubject,
java.lang.String pTo,
java.lang.Object pContent,
java.lang.String pContentType)
Creates a new Message object with the given From, Subject, and To fields, and the given content. |
static javax.mail.Message |
createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom,
java.lang.String pSubject,
java.lang.String pTo,
java.lang.Object pContent,
java.lang.String pContentType,
javax.mail.Session pSession)
Creates a new Message object with the given From, Subject, and To fields, and the given content. |
static javax.mail.Message |
createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom,
java.lang.String pSubject,
java.lang.String pReplyTo,
javax.mail.Session pSession)
Creates a new Message object with the given From ReplyTo and Subject fields. |
static javax.mail.Message |
createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom,
java.lang.String pSubject,
java.lang.String pTo,
java.lang.String pTextContent)
Creates a new Message object with the given From, Subject, and To fields, and a body given by pTextContent . |
static javax.mail.Message |
createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom,
java.lang.String pSubject,
java.lang.String pTo,
java.lang.String pTextContent,
javax.mail.Session pSession)
Creates a new Message object with the given From, Subject, and To fields, and a body given by pTextContent . |
static javax.mail.Session |
createSession()
Creates a new mail session. |
static javax.mail.Session |
getDefaultSession()
Gets the default mail session using without using and Authenticator. |
static void |
setBcc(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
java.lang.String pBcc)
Adds the Bcc field of the message to the InternetAddress obtained from the given string. |
static void |
setCc(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
java.lang.String pCc)
Adds the Cc field of the message to the InternetAddress obtained from the given string. |
static void |
setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
ContentPart[] pContentParts)
Sets the message content of a message with multiple content parts. |
static void |
setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
ContentPart[] pContentParts,
java.io.File[] pAttachments,
boolean pInlineAttachments)
Sets the message content of a message with multiple content parts and multiple file attachments. |
static void |
setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
ContentPart[] pContentParts,
java.io.File[] pAttachments,
boolean pInlineAttachments,
java.lang.String pMultipartSubtype)
Sets the message content of a message with multiple content parts and multiple file attachments. |
static void |
setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
ContentPart[] pContentParts,
java.io.File pAttachment,
boolean pInlineAttachment)
Sets the message content of a message with multiple content parts and a file attachment. |
static void |
setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
ContentPart[] pContentParts,
java.io.File pAttachment,
boolean pInlineAttachment,
java.lang.String pMultipartSubtype)
Sets the message content of a message with multiple content parts and a file attachment. |
static void |
setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
ContentPart[] pContentParts,
java.lang.String pMultipartSubtype)
Sets the message content of a message with multiple content parts. |
static void |
setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
java.lang.Object pContent,
java.lang.String pContentType,
java.io.File[] pAttachments,
boolean pInlineAttachments)
Sets the message content of a message with multiple file attachments. |
static void |
setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
java.lang.Object pContent,
java.lang.String pContentType,
java.io.File pAttachment,
boolean pInlineAttachment)
Sets the message content of a message with a file attachment. |
static void |
setFrom(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
java.lang.String pFrom)
Sets the From field of the message to the InternetAddress obtained from the given string. |
static void |
setRecipient(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
javax.mail.Message.RecipientType pRecipientType,
java.lang.String pRecipient)
Sets the recipient of the message (either To, Cc, or Bcc field) to the InternetAddress obtained from the given string. |
static void |
setRecipients(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
javax.mail.Message.RecipientType pRecipientType,
java.lang.String pRecipient)
Describe setRecipients method here. |
static void |
setRecipients(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
javax.mail.Message.RecipientType pRecipientType,
java.lang.String[] pRecipients)
Sets the recipients of the message (either To, Cc, or Bcc field) to the InternetAddress array obtained from the given string array. |
static void |
setReplyTo(javax.mail.Message pMessage,
java.lang.String pReplyTo)
Sets the ReplyTo field of the message to the InternetAddress obtained from the given string. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
public static java.lang.String CLASS_VERSION
| Constructor Detail |
public MimeMessageUtils()
| Method Detail |
public static javax.mail.Session createSession()
javax.mail.Session#getInstance(java.util.Properties,javax.mail.Authenticator);
public static javax.mail.Session getDefaultSession()
javax.mail.Session#getDefaultInstance(java.util.Properties,javax.mail.Authenticator);
,
Authenticator
public static javax.mail.Message createMessage()
public static javax.mail.Message createMessage(javax.mail.Session pSession)
public static javax.mail.Message createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom, java.lang.String pSubject) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if any of the fields could not
be setpublic static javax.mail.Message createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom, java.lang.String pSubject, javax.mail.Session pSession) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if any of the fields could not
be setpublic static javax.mail.Message createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom, java.lang.String pSubject, java.lang.String pReplyTo) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if any of the fields could not
be setpublic static javax.mail.Message createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom, java.lang.String pSubject, java.lang.String pReplyTo, javax.mail.Session pSession) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if any of the fields could not
be setpublic static javax.mail.Message createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom, java.lang.String pSubject, java.lang.String pTo, java.lang.String pTextContent) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
pTextContent
.
This is a convenience method that calls
MimeMessage.setText(pTextContent)
to set the
message content; the resulting MIME type of the content is
"text/plain."
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if any of the fields or the
message content could not be setMimeMessage.setText(String)
public static javax.mail.Message createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom, java.lang.String pSubject, java.lang.String pTo, java.lang.String pTextContent, javax.mail.Session pSession) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
pTextContent
.
This is a convenience method that calls
MimeMessage.setText(pTextContent)
to set the
message content; the resulting MIME type of the content is
"text/plain."
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if any of the fields or the
message content could not be setMimeMessage.setText(String)
public static javax.mail.Message createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom, java.lang.String pSubject, java.lang.String pTo, java.lang.Object pContent, java.lang.String pContentType) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
MimeMessage.setContent(pContent, pContentType)
to set the message content.
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if any of the fields or the
message content could not be setMimeMessage.setContent(Object, String)
public static javax.mail.Message createMessage(java.lang.String pFrom, java.lang.String pSubject, java.lang.String pTo, java.lang.Object pContent, java.lang.String pContentType, javax.mail.Session pSession) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
MimeMessage.setContent(pContent, pContentType)
to set the message content.
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if any of the fields or the
message content could not be setMimeMessage.setContent(Object, String)
public static void setReplyTo(javax.mail.Message pMessage, java.lang.String pReplyTo) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the field could not be setpublic static void setFrom(javax.mail.Message pMessage, java.lang.String pFrom) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the field could not be setpublic static void setCc(javax.mail.Message pMessage, java.lang.String pCc) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the field could not be setpublic static void setBcc(javax.mail.Message pMessage, java.lang.String pBcc) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the field could not be setpublic static void setRecipient(javax.mail.Message pMessage, javax.mail.Message.RecipientType pRecipientType, java.lang.String pRecipient) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
pRecipientType
- the recipient type, given by one of the
values enumerated in Message.RecipientType; e.g., specifying
Message.RecipientType.TO for the recipient type will result in
the To field being set
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the field could not be setMessage.RecipientType
public static void setRecipients(javax.mail.Message pMessage, javax.mail.Message.RecipientType pRecipientType, java.lang.String[] pRecipients) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
pRecipientType
- the recipient type, given by one of the
values enumerated in Message.RecipientType; e.g., specifying
Message.RecipientType.TO for the recipient type will result in
the To field being set
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the field could not be setMessage.RecipientType
public static void setRecipients(javax.mail.Message pMessage, javax.mail.Message.RecipientType pRecipientType, java.lang.String pRecipient) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
setRecipients
method here.
pMessage
- a Message
valuepRecipientType
- a Message.RecipientType
valuepRecipient
- a String
value
javax.mail.MessagingException
public static void addRecipient(javax.mail.Message pMessage, javax.mail.Message.RecipientType pRecipientType, java.lang.String pRecipient) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
pRecipientType
- the recipient type, given by one of the
values enumerated in Message.RecipientType; e.g., specifying
Message.RecipientType.TO for the recipient type will result in
the To field being updated
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the field could not be setMessage.RecipientType
public static void addRecipients(javax.mail.Message pMessage, javax.mail.Message.RecipientType pRecipientType, java.lang.String[] pRecipients) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
pRecipientType
- the recipient type, given by one of the
values enumerated in Message.RecipientType; e.g., specifying
Message.RecipientType.TO for the recipient type will result in
the To field being updated
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the field could not be setMessage.RecipientType
public static void setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage, ContentPart[] pContentParts) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
Each element in pContentParts
represents a
message part, with the content and its MIME type contained
within the ContentPart object.
This method sets the message content to a MimeMultipart
with a content type of "multipart/mixed;" for each
contentPart
,
Part.setContent(contentPart.getContent(),
contentPart.getContentType())
is called to set the
part's content.
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the message content could
not be setPart.setContent(Object, String)
public static void setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage, ContentPart[] pContentParts, java.lang.String pMultipartSubtype) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
Each element in pContentParts
represents a
message part, with the content and its MIME type contained
within the ContentPart object.
This method sets the message content to a MimeMultipart
with a content type of
"multipart/pMultipartSubtype
"; for each
contentPart
,
Part.setContent(contentPart.getContent(),
contentPart.getContentType())
is called to set the
part's content.
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the message content could
not be setPart.setContent(Object, String)
public static void setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage, java.lang.Object pContent, java.lang.String pContentType, java.io.File pAttachment, boolean pInlineAttachment) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
This method sets the message content to a MimeMultipart
(with a content type of "multipart/mixed"); the first part
is given by pContent
, with the MIME type of
pContentType
, and the second part contains the
file attachment.
pAttachment
- the file to attach to the messagepInlineAttachment
- if true, the file will be inlined
into the message, rather than attached
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the message content could
not be setpublic static void setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage, ContentPart[] pContentParts, java.io.File pAttachment, boolean pInlineAttachment) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
Each element in pContentParts
represents a
message part, with the content and its MIME type contained
within the ContentPart object.
This method sets the message content to a MimeMultipart
(with a content type of "multipart/mixed"). The first part
of the multipart is itself a MimeMultipart, with a content
type of "multipart/mixed;" for each contentPart
,
Part.setContent(contentPart.getContent(),
contentPart.getContentType())
is called to set the
part's content. The second part of the outer multipart
contains the file attachment.
pAttachment
- the file to attach to the messagepInlineAttachment
- if true, the file will be inlined
into the message, rather than attached
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the message content could
not be setPart.setContent(Object, String)
public static void setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage, ContentPart[] pContentParts, java.io.File pAttachment, boolean pInlineAttachment, java.lang.String pMultipartSubtype) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
Each element in pContentParts
represents a
message part, with the content and its MIME type contained
within the ContentPart object.
This method sets the message content to a MimeMultipart
(with a content type of "multipart/mixed"). The first part
of the multipart is itself a MimeMultipart, with a content
type of "multipart/pMultipartSubtype
;" for each
contentPart
,
Part.setContent(contentPart.getContent(),
contentPart.getContentType())
is called to set the
part's content. The second part of the outer multipart
contains the file attachment.
pAttachment
- the file to attach to the messagepInlineAttachment
- if true, the file will be inlined
into the message, rather than attached
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the message content could
not be setPart.setContent(Object, String)
public static void setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage, java.lang.Object pContent, java.lang.String pContentType, java.io.File[] pAttachments, boolean pInlineAttachments) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
This method sets the message content to a MimeMultipart
(with a content type of "multipart/mixed"); the first part
is given by pContent
, with the MIME type of
pContentType
, and the rest of the parts
contain the file attachments.
pAttachments
- the files to attach to the message
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the message content could
not be setpublic static void setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage, ContentPart[] pContentParts, java.io.File[] pAttachments, boolean pInlineAttachments) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
Each element in pContentParts
represents a
message part, with the content and its MIME type contained
within the ContentPart object.
This method sets the message content to a MimeMultipart
(with a content type of "multipart/mixed"). The first part
of the multipart is itself a MimeMultipart, with a content
type of "multipart/mixed;" for each contentPart
,
Part.setContent(contentPart.getContent(),
contentPart.getContentType())
is called to set the
part's content. Additional parts of the outer multipart
contain the file attachments.
pAttachments
- the files to attach to the messagepInlineAttachments
- if true, each of the files will be
inlined into the message, rather than attached
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the message content could
not be setPart.setContent(Object, String)
public static void setContent(javax.mail.Message pMessage, ContentPart[] pContentParts, java.io.File[] pAttachments, boolean pInlineAttachments, java.lang.String pMultipartSubtype) throws javax.mail.MessagingException
Each element in pContentParts
represents a
message part, with the content and its MIME type contained
within the ContentPart object.
This method sets the message content to a MimeMultipart
(with a content type of "multipart/mixed"). The first part
of the multipart is itself a MimeMultipart, with a content
type of "multipart/pMultipartSubtype
;" for each
contentPart
,
Part.setContent(contentPart.getContent(),
contentPart.getContentType())
is called to set the
part's content. Additional parts of the outer multipart
contain the file attachments.
pAttachments
- the files to attach to the messagepInlineAttachments
- if true, each of the files will be
inlined into the message, rather than attached
javax.mail.MessagingException
- if the message content could
not be setPart.setContent(Object, String)
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nips nips2006 nips2006-48 nips2006-48-reference knowledge-graph by maker-knowledge-mining
Source: pdf
Author: Olivier Chapelle, Vikas Sindhwani, S. S. Keerthi
Abstract: Semi-supervised SVMs (S3 VM) attempt to learn low-density separators by maximizing the margin over labeled and unlabeled examples. The associated optimization problem is non-convex. To examine the full potential of S3 VMs modulo local minima problems in current implementations, we apply branch and bound techniques for obtaining exact, globally optimal solutions. Empirical evidence suggests that the globally optimal solution can return excellent generalization performance in situations where other implementations fail completely. While our current implementation is only applicable to small datasets, we discuss variants that can potentially lead to practically useful algorithms. 1
[1] K. Bennett and A. Demiriz. Semi-supervised support vector machines. In Advances in Neural Information processing systems 12, 1998.
[2] G. Cauwenberghs and T. Poggio. Incremental and decremental support vector machine learning. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pages 409–415, 2000.
[3] O. Chapelle, M. Chi, and A. Zien. A continuation method for semi-supervised svms. In International Conference on Machine Learning, 2006.
[4] O. Chapelle, B. Sch¨lkopf, and A. Zien, editors. Semi-Supervised Learning. MIT Press, Camo bridge, 2006. in press. www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/ssl-book/.
[5] O. Chapelle, V. Vapnik, O. Bousquet, and S. Mukherjee. Choosing multiple parameters for support vector machines. Machine Learning, 46:131–159, 2002.
[6] O. Chapelle and A. Zien. Semi-supervised classiﬁcation by low density separation. In Tenth International Workshop on Artiﬁcial Intelligence and Statistics, 2005.
[7] R. Collobert, F. Sinz, J. Weston, and L. Bottou. Large scale transductive SVMs. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 7:1687–1712, 2006.
[8] W. Gander, G. H. Golub, and U. Von Matt. A constrained eigenvalue problem. Linear Algebra and its Applications, 114/115:815–839, 1989.
[9] T. Joachims. Transductive inference for text classiﬁcation using support vector machines. In International Conference on Machine Learning, 1999.
[10] P.M. Pardalos and G.P. Rodgers. Computational aspects of a branch and bound algorithm for quadratic zero-one programming. Computing, 45:131–144, 1990.
[11] M. Seeger. A taxonomy of semi-supervised learning methods. In O. Chapelle, B. Sch¨lkopf, o and A. Zien, editors, Semi-Supervised Lerning. MIT Press, 2006.
[12] V. Sindhwani, S. Keerthi, and O. Chapelle. Deterministic annealing for semi-supervised kernel machines. In International Conference on Machine Learning, 2006.
[13] V. Sindhwani, P. Niyogi, and M. Belkin. Beyond the point cloud: From transductive to semi-supervised learning. In International Conference on Machine Learning, 2005.
[14] V. Vapnik and A. Sterin. On structural risk minimization or overall risk in a problem of pattern recognition. Automation and Remote Control, 10(3):1495–1503, 1977.
[15] V. N. Vapnik. Statistical Learning Theory. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1998.
[16] W. Wapnik and A. Tscherwonenkis. Theorie der Zeichenerkennung. Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1979.
[17] X. Zhu and Z. Ghahramani. Learning from labeled and unlabeled data with label propagation. Technical Report 02-107, CMU-CALD, 2002.


The Perfect HTML Picnic
First, choose your picnic spot
There are loads of lovely picnic spots in Bray.
Why not try Platform 2 on the Dart station?
It’s quiet, sheltered from the wind and there’s lots to see and do when you’ve finished eating.
Or maybe Tesco car-park?
Just stay away from the bottle banks.
Best of all though is Bray Harbour.  Like your little brothers and sisters.
Best things for a picnic!
- Dojo Sushi
- Cheese sandwiches
- Crisps
- Jam sandwiches
- Green tea
- Ice cream
Can you think of anything else?
Take a look at these picnic food ideas
Serving the Picnic
This is the hard bit.
You need:
| Item | Where can I buy it? |
|---|---|
| Picnic Blanket | Woodies, Southern Cross Roundabout |
| Plastic plates, bowls, spoons | Woodies, Southern Cross Roundabout |
| Raspberry pies | Bray CoderDojo |
Why not?
- Add your own ideas?
- Edit this.


The WealthSimple Trade API is not a publicly available API. It currently doesn't support generating OAuth clients for external app integration.
Because of this, an email/password login is performed then an OAuth token is stripped from the response and stored in the plugin settings.
The stored OAuth token is kept alive via a hourly refresh. The provided email/password are not stored.
Unfortunately, if the refresh token has expired (eg offline for >2 hrs) a new login is required.


Hide Page | Reload Cached
The goal of this page is to use JavaScript to manipulate the page when a particular font loads.


{% extends "layout-vary.html" %} {% block page_title %} Example - Forms {% endblock %} {% block content %} Back What is your other nationality? {% include "includes/pick-other-nationality.html" %} {% endblock %}


Using the transformation between the two kinds of basis vectors given in Eq.
(152), the gradient of can be written as
(wrong! The derivative of the equilibrium quantities are of order
and thus every term involves these derivatives are of higher order and can be
dropped. Then the above expression reduces to
| (137) |
In field aligned coordinates, and
,
| (138) | |||
yj 2018-03-09


Weight
Height
Calculate
Underweight: BMI is less than 18.5
Normal weight: BMI is 18.5 to 24.9
Overweight: BMI is 25 to 29.9
Obese: BMI is greater than 30 or more
See your BMI result here!


I think I speak for everyone when I say the ideal text-based RPG would have characters that are only bears. I'd want these characters to have many shared abilities, talents, and traits, but ultimately be unique when and where I deem it appropriate. But rewriting every single bear to have a method to "roar" and another method to "hibernate" would be terribly redundant. Thankfully, we have "classes" in Ruby which allow us to create new instances of classes that possess the shared methods and characteristics.
As we can see on lines 13 and 14, we have instantiated two new instances of the class Bear (instantiate is a fancy way of saying create an instance of a class.) To be excessively explicit, let's look at line 13. We assign the variable 'pooh' to a new instance of the Bear class, passing the 4 arguments within the parentheses. When we instantiate a new instance, the special class method "initialize" is passed any arguments we've attached on line 13. So the string "feral grizzly" goes to the parameter "type", and so on. Note how in the method definition on line 4, we assign a default value of "true" to "wears_a_funny_hat".
But these are only locally accessible variables! I want any method in the Bear class to be able to access type, hibernation_length, wears_a_funny_hat, and quote. So we assign an instance variable (e.g. @type) to the argument passed to the parameter. This means that for the pooh variable, @type will be assigned the "feral grizzly" string that we had passed to the 'type' parameter. Now elsewhere in the Bear class, we can access the information held by @type, @hibernation_length, @wears_a_funny_hat, and @quote. Think of instance methods as being used by a single bear - it allows that particular bear to access different methods in their class specific to that bear.
The fun continues to bearal out of control. In the above code, we've added class method definitions on lines 11, 15, 19, and 23. This means that when we call these methods on an object that is a Bear, they will execute the code within their respective definitions. On line 32 we call the method "i_aint_got_no_type" on the object "panda". This then proceeds to reference line 11, outputting the string "I ain't got no type, #{@type} bears is the only thing that I like." Note the "#{@type}". This syntax allows us to interpolate variables into our strings without the ugliness of concatenation. String interpolation is also more memory efficient than concatenation, which is quite useful for our incredibly computing-power-intensive 42 line program.
If/else statements with only two elements to them (i.e. literally one 'if' and one 'else') are verbose and take several lines to write. Thankfully Ruby allows us to use the ternary operator to make a basic if/else statement into one line, as seen on line 20. The syntax is: conditional ? do_this_if_true : do_this_if_false. If @wears_a_funny_hat evaluates to true, then we will output the first string, else the second string. Syntactic sugar at its finest!
We've now completed our basic bear class (and to think, we weren't even koalafied 10 minutes ago!) We've touched upon initialization, local vs instance scope.


--- layout: post title: ! 'Kata problem: Git wrong commit' tags: - git - coding dojo - code - kata ---
Hi there,
This is a Git problem I put up to the office and I really liked practicing the various different ways that people came up with.
I thought to share this, as it could be used in a Git dojo to get the feeling of rewriting the commit history.
As lots of my colleagues pointed out: this is easy to be done because it is a offline branch.
When you share this code with a remote repository it is really complicated to rewrite history, because you need to force the new history on the remote, which can corrupt or lose commits that already exist there and are not in sync.
Here is the problem:
Me and my pair was working with one project on my machine. It uses git to keep track of the files.
The workflow of the project is that the master is always green, we have features on branches to keep track of the work, but we merge it back often.
We were playing one story and it was merged on master already. After we moved the story to validation, we picked up a new story.
One of the QA’s found an IE misalignment on the feature, really simply to fix. So we fixed the issue and committed.
But we forgot to change the branch to master before committing.
We ended up with this state:
$ git branch
master* search_project
$ git log —graph —decorate —oneline —branches
* 7ff891f (HEAD, search_project) [USL-107] Fix css alignment of the user search box
* 7c5b3c1 [USL-108] Use autocomplete when searching projects
* 7fa2aef [USL-108] Search projects
* 8655896 (master) [USL-107] Search users using autocomplete
The challenge here is to move the commit we created to the right branch.
The end state should be this:
$ git branch
master* search_project
$ git log —graph —decorate —oneline —branches
* 3e8322a (HEAD, search_project) [USL-108] Search projects
* 1090110 [USL-107] Fix css alignment of the user search box
* cfc2c36 (master) [USL-108] Use autocomplete when searching projects
* 8655896 [USL-107] Search users using autocomplete
Here is the repo in the initial state.
Have fun.


Every undergraduate math student knows that matrices are linear transformations. That's all well and good, but what is a transformation, and what does it mean for one to be linear?
Essentially, a transformation is a function \(T\) that takes in stuff and transforms it into new stuff
More specifically, a transformation \(T\) is a function \(T : X \to X\). That is, it's a function that maps a set onto itself. For example, when you multiply a matrix by a vector, you get another vector.
\[A \vec x = \vec b\]
Here's an example. Note that in Python, the
@
operator means matrix multiplication, where the
*
operator means elementwise (Hadamard) product.
In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: A = np.matrix([[2, -1], [1, 1]])
In [3]: v = np.array([3, 4]) # A row vector
In [4]: A @ v.T # we right multiply by column vectors
Out[4]:
matrix([[2],
[7]])
In [5]: v @ A # we left multiply by row vectors
Out[5]:
matrix([[10, 1]])
Now what about a linear transformation? In a word, a linear transformation \(L : W \to V\), where \(W\) and \(V\) are vector spaces, is a transformation that preserves the vector space operations of addition and scalar multiplications. If you want more theory than that, go pick up a linear algebra textbook. It'll explain things quite a bit better than I can.
Otherwise, a good way to think about linear transformations is that things that started parallel end up parallel, and things that started perpendicular end up perpendicular. These are harder to visualize in higher dimensions, but here we'll be sticking with 2D.
There are several different kinds of 2D linear transformations that we can describe using matrices.
Each of these transformations can be fully represented as a matrix. Further, every (square) matrix encodes a linear transformation. Interestingly, if you want to apply two transformations, you can multiply the transformation matrices, and the result will be the same as applying one transformation and then the other. Note that this process is not commutative.
While the above pictures are nice, I wanted to animate the transformation to get a more intuitive feel for how they work. My Python code to do so is heavily influenced by @dododas 's work here .
Here's a function to animate a transformation:
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import animation, rc
# Display matplotlib animations as HTML5 videos in a Jupyter Notebook
rc('animation', html='html5')
def animate_transform(A, grid=None, num_steps=50, repeat=False):
"""
Animates the effect a transform has on a given grid.
If no grid is given, one will be generated.
You can expect a small delay while the function generates the animation.
"""
def colorizer(x, y):
"""Map x-y coordinates to a unique rgb color"""
r = min(1, 1 - y/3)
g = min(1, 1 + y/3)
b = 1/4 + x/16
return r, g, b
def stepwise_transform(A, grid, num_steps):
"""
Returns a list of transformed grids,
stepping slowly from the given grid
to
the grid A @ grid
.
"""
# create empty array of the right size
transgrid = np.zeros((num_steps + 1, ) + np.shape(grid))
# compute intermediate transforms
for i in range(num_steps + 1):
intermediate = np.eye(2) + i / num_steps * (A - np.eye(2))
# apply intermediate matrix transformation
transgrid[i] = intermediate @ grid
return transgrid
if grid is None:
# Create a grid of points in x-y space
xvals = np.linspace(-4, 4, 9)
yvals = np.linspace(-3, 3, 7)
grid = np.column_stack([[x, y] for x in xvals for y in yvals])
# Map grid coordinates to colors. Done only for xygrid, not all grids.
colors = list(map(colorizer, grid[0], grid[1]))
intermediate_transforms = stepwise_transform(A, grid, num_steps)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6))
xmin = min(min(grid[0]), min(intermediate_transforms[-1][0]))
xmax = max(max(grid[0]), max(intermediate_transforms[-1][0]))
ymin = min(min(grid[1]), min(intermediate_transforms[-1][1]))
ymax = max(max(grid[1]), max(intermediate_transforms[-1][1]))
ax = plt.axes(xlim=(xmin, xmax), ylim=(ymin, ymax))
scatter = ax.scatter([0]*len(colors), [0]*len(colors), c=colors)
# Prevent %matplotlib inline
from displaying the above scatter plot.
plt.close()
def update(i):
"""Draws the ith intermediate transform"""
scatter.set_offsets(intermediate_transforms[i].T)
return scatter,
return animation.FuncAnimation(fig,
update,
interval=50,
frames=num_steps,
blit=True,
repeat=repeat)
Note that this code is meant to be ran in a Jupyter Notebook.
Here are some examples.
A = np.column_stack([[1, 0], [2, 1]])
anim = animate_transform(A, repeat=True)
anim.save('shear.mp4')
anim
A = np.column_stack([[1, 0], [0, 0]])
anim = animate_transform(A, repeat=True)
anim.save('projection.mp4')
anim
theta = np.pi / 6 # 30 degree counter-clockwise rotation
A = np.column_stack([[np.cos(theta), np.sin(theta)], [-np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta)]])
anim = animate_transform(A, repeat=True)
anim.save('rotation.mp4')
anim
A = np.column_stack([[0, 1], [1, 0]])
anim = animate_transform(A, repeat=True)
anim.save('permutation.mp4')
anim
A = np.column_stack([[2, 0], [0, 5]])
anim = animate_transform(A, repeat=True)
anim.save('scale.mp4')
anim
Now we can visualize combining different transformations!
theta = np.pi / 6 # 30 degree counter-clockwise rotation
A = np.column_stack([[np.cos(theta), np.sin(theta)], [-np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta)]])
B = np.column_stack([[2, 0], [0, 1]]) # A scale by 2 units in the x direction
anim = animate_transform(A @ B, repeat=True)
anim.save('combination.mp4')
anim
The notebook all of this is taken from can be found here


Send Message
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Template
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DRAFT: 20-Nov-96
Milestones / Documents
PIMS Entry
Drafts:
-
Requirements
-
Test Plan
-
Support Plan
-
User Guide
- Build Permit
Final
Versions:
-
Requirements
-
Test Plan
-
Support Plan
Analysis
Design, Code, &
Test
UAT
Support
Final
Version:
-
User Guide


As long as the information reaches all clients or is open to the public, these platforms would be public.
M&C, as required by Standard I(A), should also complete all appropriate regulatory filings distributed through social media platforms.
可以为外部专家支付报酬
不能基于外部专家的内幕有行动
知名分析师的结论是重要公开消息
公众可得仍然可能是不公开消息, 因为分析师的研究过程不是公开的, 研究资源可能不是公开的
适用情景
Andy is advised that the company's earnings projections for the next year have significantly dropped in a call. Throughout the telephone conference call, several salespeople walk in and out of Andy's office. Before the conference call is concluded, the salespeople trade the stock of the company on behalf of the firm's clients.
Comment : Andy failed to protect material nonpublic information to others in his firm. firm should have adopted information barriers. The salespeople trade on inside information.
During a meeting with Andy, the finance director states that the company expects its workforce to strike next Friday, which will cripple productivity and distribution.
Comment : Andy must first determine whether the material information is public.
Andy's doctor mentions that she thinks that the company will soon be bought out by a large multinational conglomerate. After talAndy to various investment professionals and checAndy their opinions on the company as well as checAndy industry trends, Andy decides the next day to accumulate more stock.
Comment : The source is unreliable, so not material.
Andy discovers that SSS, may be in financial trouble, also talks to some designers and retailers. SSS's extravagant new designs have been introduced at substantial cost. The public is now buying more conservative furniture from other makers. Based on this information and on a profit-and-loss analysis, Andy believes that SSS's next quarter earnings will drop substantially. He issues a sell recommendation for SSS. Immediately after receiving that recommendation, investment managers start reducing the SSS stock in their portfolios.
Comment : Designers and retailers' opinions are nonmaterial nonpublic information. All source are public or nonmaterial nonpublic, which allign Mosaic Theory.
After speaAndy with representatives of TTT, a European auto manufacturer with sales primarily in South Korea, and after conducting interviews with salespeople, labor leaders, his firm's Korean currency analysts, and banAndy officials, Andy analyzed TTT and concluded that (1) its newly introduced model will probably not meet sales expectations, (2) its corporate restructuring strategy may well face serious opposition from unions, (3) the depreciation of the Korean won should lead to pressure on margins for the industry in general and TTT's market segment in particular, and (4) banks could take a tougher-than-expected stance in the upcoming round of credit renegotiations with the company. For these reasons, he changes his recommendation.
Comment : pieced together a number of nonmaterial or public bits of information
Andy gets a text message from another firm's trader indicating a software company is going to report strong earnings when the firm publicly announces in two days.
Comment : Unless the source had an ongoing business relationship with the firm, there is no reason to suspect it is a material nonpublic information.
Through various phone conversations with external experts, Andy enhances his understanding of the latest therapies for successful treatment. This information is critical to Andy maAndy recommendations.
Comment : neither asked for nor received material nonpublic information
After a meeting under specific policies and procedures for material nonpublic information, Andy relays the insights he received in the meeting to others at the fund. The fund sells its current position.
企图误导市场参与者
适用情景
Andy buys and sells the stock in hopes of raising the trading volume and the price.
Andy sensationalizes the negative aspects of the message in order to create significant downward pressure on WWW's stock. The report's conclusions are based on speculation, not on fact.
FFF attempts to demonstrate the best liquidity. It let members to commit to a substantial minimum trading volume on the new future over a specific period in exchange for substantial reductions of regular commissions.
Comment : Attempts to mislead participants about the actual liquidity
To achieve the best rating possible, Andy uses mostly positive scenarios as model inputs. The output statistics the new structured products have minimal potential downside risk.
Andy believes that the manager dislikes him. He creates user profiles on several online forums under the manager's name and starts rumors about the smaller companies in the portfolio. As the prices of these stocks increase, the manager sells the position, which leads to an investigation by the regulator as Andy desired.
Comment : In posting the false information, Andy misleads others into believing the companies were likely to be acquired.


| GEOS SDK TechDocs
The following documents contain information specific to the
Nokia 9000i Communicator device.
- Tools Usage
- Usage of the compilation tools and some utilities.
- GP File Keywords
- Keywords for .gp files, used to specify the Glue link tool's behavior.
- Introduction to Swat
- Swat, the programmable GEOS debugger.
- Swat Command Reference
- Listing of commands written for Swat, the programmable GEOS debugger.
- Swat Tcl
- The language which underlies Swat is a flavor of Tcl.
- INI File
- Describes many of the categories and fields of the GEOS.INI file.
- Resource Editor
- This tool is used to localize a program's strings and graphics.
- Icon Editor
- This specialized graphics program writes out Goc source
code for bitmap graphic monikers.
| GEOS SDK TechDocs


[t]Customer Settings[/t]
{$CustomersMenu} {$CustomersSubMenu}
[t]Receive new candidate notifications[/t]
[t]Address:[/t]
[t]Postal code:[/t]
[t]City:[/t]
[t]Phone:[/t]


ImageNet
You can view the ImageNet leaderboard here.
Getting Started
You'll need the following in the root of your repository:
sotabench.py
file - contains benchmarking logic; the server will run this on each commitrequirements.txt
file - Python dependencies to be installed before runningsotabench.py
sotabench_setup.sh
(optional) - any advanced dependencies or setup, e.g. compilation
Once you connect your repository to sotabench.com, the platform
will run your sotabench.py
file whenever you commit to master.
We now show how to write the sotabench.py
file to evaluate a PyTorch object model with
the torchbench library, and to allow your results to be recorded and reported for the community.
The ImageNet Evaluation Class
You can import the evaluation class from the following module:
from torchbench.image_classification import ImageNet
The ImageNet
class contains several components used in the evaluation, such as the dataset
:
ImageNet.dataset # torchvision.datasets.ImageNet
And some default arguments used for evaluation (which can be overridden):
ImageNet.normalize # Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) ImageNet.input_transform # Compose( # Resize(size=256, interpolation=PIL.Image.BILINEAR) # CenterCrop(size=(224, 224)) # ToTensor() # Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) # ) ImageNet.send_data_to_device # <function torchbench.utils.default_data_to_device>
We will explain these different options shortly and how you can manipulate them to get the evaluation logic to play nicely with your model.
An evaluation call - which performs evaluation, and if on the sotabench.com server, saves the results -
looks like the following through the benchmark()
method:
from torchvision.models.resnet import resnext101_32x8d ImageNet.benchmark( model=resnext101_32x8d(pretrained=True), paper_model_name='ResNeXt-101-32x8d', paper_arxiv_id='1611.05431' )
These are the key arguments: the model
which is a usually a nn.Module
type object, but more generally,
is any method with a forward
method that takes in input data and outputs predictions.
paper_model_name
refers to the name of the model and paper_arxiv_id
(optionally) refers to
the paper from which the model originated. If these two arguments match a record paper result,
then sotabench.com will match your model with the paper and compare your code's results with the
reported results in the paper.
A full sotabench.py
example
Below shows an example for the torchvision repository benchmarking a ResNeXt-101-32x8d model:
from torchbench.image_classification import ImageNet from torchvision.models.resnet import resnext101_32x8d import torchvision.transforms as transforms import PIL # Define the transforms need to convert ImageNet data to expected # model input normalize = transforms.Normalize( mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225] ) input_transform = transforms.Compose([ transforms.Resize(256, PIL.Image.BICUBIC), transforms.CenterCrop(224), transforms.ToTensor(), normalize, ]) # Run the benchmark ImageNet.benchmark( model=resnext101_32x8d(pretrained=True), paper_model_name='ResNeXt-101-32x8d', paper_arxiv_id='1611.05431', input_transform=input_transform, batch_size=256, num_gpu=1 )
ImageNet.benchmark()
Arguments
The source code for the ImageNet evaluation method can be found here. We now explain each argument.
model
a PyTorch module, (e.g. a nn.Module
object), that takes in ImageNet data and outputs detections.
For example, from the torchvision repository:
from torchvision.models.resnet import resnext101_32x8d model = resnext101_32x8d(pretrained=True)
model_description
(str, optional): Optional model description.
For example:
model_description = 'Using ported TensorFlow weights'
input_transform
Composing the transforms used to transform the input data (the images), e.g.
resizing (e.g transforms.Resize
), center cropping, to tensor transformations and normalization.
For example:
import torchvision.transforms as transforms normalize = transforms.Normalize( mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225] ) input_transform = transforms.Compose([ transforms.Resize(256, PIL.Image.BICUBIC), transforms.CenterCrop(224), transforms.ToTensor(), normalize, ])
target_transform
Composing the transforms used to transform the target data
model_output_transform
(callable, optional): An optional function
that takes in model output (after being passed through your
model
forward pass) and transforms it. Afterwards, the
output will be passed into an evaluation function.
The model output transform is a function that you can pass in to transform the model output after the data has been passed into the model. This is useful if you have to do further processing steps after inference to get the predictions in the right format for evaluation.
Most PyTorch models for Image Classification on ImageNet don't need to use this argument.
The model evaluation for each batch is as follows from utils.py are:
with torch.no_grad(): for i, (input, target) in enumerate(iterator): input, target = send_data_to_device(input, target, device=device) output = model(input) if model_output_transform is not None: output = model_output_transform(output, target, model=model) check_metric_inputs(output, target, test_loader.dataset, i) prec1, prec5 = accuracy(output, target, topk=(1, 5))
Model output (following model.forward()
and optionally model_output_transform
) should be a 2D
torch.Tensor
containing the model output; first dimension should be output for each example
(length batch_size) and second dimension should be output for each class in ImageNet (length 1000).
send_data_to_device
An optional function specifying how the model is sent to a device
As an example the default is:
def default_data_to_device(input, target=None, device: str = "cuda", non_blocking: bool = True): """Sends data output from a PyTorch Dataloader to the device.""" input = input.to(device=device, non_blocking=non_blocking) if target is not None: target = target.to(device=device, non_blocking=non_blocking) return input, target
data_root
data_root (str): The location of the ImageNet dataset - change this parameter when evaluating locally if your ImageNet data is located in a different folder (or alternatively if you want to download to an alternative location).
Note that this parameter will be overriden when the evaluation is performed on the server, so it is solely for your local use.
num_workers
num_workers (int): The number of workers to use for the DataLoader.
batch_size
batch_size (int) : The batch_size to use for evaluation; if you get memory errors, then reduce this (half each time) until your model fits onto the GPU.
paper_model_name
paper_model_name (str, optional): The name of the model from the paper - if you want to link your build to a machine learning paper. See the ImageNet benchmark page for model names, https://sotabench.com/benchmarks/image-classification-on-imagenet, e.g. on the paper leaderboard tab.
paper_arxiv_id
paper_arxiv_id (str, optional): Optional linking to ArXiv if you want to link to papers on the leaderboard; put in the corresponding paper's ArXiv ID, e.g. '1611.05431'.
paper_pwc_id
paper_pwc_id (str, optional): Optional linking to Papers With Code; put in the corresponding papers with code URL slug, e.g. 'u-gat-it-unsupervised-generative-attentional'
paper_results
paper_results (dict, optional) : If the paper you are reproducing does not have model results on sotabench.com, you can specify the paper results yourself through this argument, where keys are metric names, values are metric values. e.g:
{'Top 1 Accuracy': 0.543, 'Top 5 Accuracy': 0.654}
Ensure that the metric names match those on the sotabench leaderboard - for ImageNet it should be 'Top 1 Accuracy', 'Top 5 Accuracy'
pytorch_hub_url
pytorch_hub_url (str, optional): Optional linking to PyTorch Hub url if your model is linked there; e.g: 'nvidia_deeplearningexamples_waveglow'.
Need More Help?
Head on over to the Computer Vision section of the sotabench forums if you have any questions or difficulties.


Maximum likelihood estimation in respondent driven samples.
| Version: | 0.95.4 |
| Imports: | MASS, Matrix |
| Suggests: | testthat |
| Published: | 2017-01-21 |
| Author: | Jonathan Rosenblatt |
| Maintainer: | Jonathan Rosenblatt <johnros at bgu.ac.il> |
| License: | GPL-2 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | chords results |
| Reference manual: | chords.pdf |
| Package source: | chords_0.95.4.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: chords_0.95.4.zip, r-release: chords_0.95.4.zip, r-oldrel: chords_0.95.4.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: chords_0.95.4.tgz, r-oldrel: chords_0.95.4.tgz |
| Old sources: | chords archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=chords to link to this page.


Pieter Cornelis Mondriaan, after 1906 Piet Mondrian, was a Dutch
painter and theoretician who is regarded as one of the greatest
artists of the 20th century.
Design Pattern
Cubism is an early-20th-century art movement which brought
European painting and sculpture historically forward toward 20th
century Modern art.


***LIVE WIRE*** Alex Vindman, Jennifer Williams Testify on Impeachment
The House Intelligence Committee on Tuesday is holding its third public hearing as part of the House Democrats’ impeachment inquiry into President Donald Trump.
by Joshua CaplanCongressional investigators will hear testimony from Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, a National Security Council official, and Jennifer Williams, a Russia adviser for Vice President Mike Pence. Vindman delivered a closed-door deposition before the House Intelligence, Foreign Affairs, and Oversight committees on October 29, and Williams appeared before the panels on November 7.
Vindman is the first witness to testify that he heard President Trump’s July 25 telephone call with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, which a partisan CIA analyst mischaracterized in a so-called “whistleblower” complaint that sparked the impeachment inquiry. Vindman’s testimony shows he was deeply frustrated by the Trump administration’s shift away from the “interagency consensus” on policy regarding Ukraine, his transcript shows. Tim Morrison, who formally served as Vindman’s superior at the NSC, said in his own closed-door deposition that he had doubts about the Lt. Col’s judgment. In his testimony, Vindman could not state whether he viewed President Trump’s conduct during his call with Zelensky as unlawful, but said he believed it was “wrong.”
Williams was one of the few White House staff members who heard the Trump-Zelensky call. She testified that President Trump asked Pence not to attend Zelensky’s May inauguration, but conceded she only possessed second-hand knowledge of the purported exchange. “My understanding from my colleague—and, again, I wasn’t there for the conversation—was that the President asked the Vice President not to attend,” she told lawmakers.
**Follow live updates on this event from Breitbart News. All times in eastern.**
1:58 P.M. —
1:57 P.M. — The White House issues a statement on today’s hearing:
1:40 P.M. — The hearing is now adjourned. Tim Morrison and Kurt Volker are scheduled to testify at 2:30 p.m.
1:39 P.M. — Schiff: “Ukraine is fighting our fight against the Russians, against their expansionism. That’s our fight too. That’s why we support Ukraine with the military aid that we have.”
1:39 P.M. —
1:37 P.M. — Schiff is delivering his closing statement:
1:32 P.M. — Nunes says in his closing statement: “Act one of today’s circus is over.”
1:30 P.M. —
1:27 P.M. — Rep. Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-IL) claims Vindman appears to be attacked because he’s an immigrant and references remarks by Fox News hosts.
1:25 P.M. — Vindman on the relationship between Russia and Ukraine: “It’s stable, but it’s still a hot war”
1:23 P.M. — Vindman on why he reported the Trump-Zelensky call: “Frankly, I couldn’t believe what I was hearing.” It “was my duty,” he continues. “This is America. This is the country I have served and defended,” he adds. “Here, right matters.” Small applause breaks out.
1:22 P.M. —
1:21 P.M. —
1:17 P.M. — Oh dear:
1:09 P.M. — Jordan: “Democrats don’t trust the American people” and have “been out to get” President Trump since he was elected. “It is sad, it is scary, it is wrong,” he adds of the impeachment probe.
1:08 P.M. — Meadows: “To say this impeachment case is collapsing is an understatement.”
1:01 P.M. — Jordan says Vindman did not follow the chain of command. “Representative Jordan, I did my job,” he replies.
12:59 P.M. — Ratcliffe says if Vindman and Williams can’t agree on whether President Trump made a demand, then it’s impossible for Congress to.
12:57 P.M. — Ratcliffe asks Williams whether she believes President Trump made a “demand” of Zelensky on the July 25 call. She refers back to the call transcript, which shows the president requesting a “favor.”
12:55 P.M. —
12:54 P.M. —
12:48 P.M. — Million-dollar question from Jordan:
12:47 P.M. —
12:43 P.M. — Williams says she place a transcript of the Trump-Zelensky telephone call in Vice President Pence’s intelligence briefing book.
12:4o P.M. — Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) re-ups her call for Hunter Biden testify as part of the impeachment probe.
12:38 P.M. — Vindman and Williams agree that Hunter Biden serving on Burisma’s board of directors has the potential for a conflict of interest.
12:36 P.M. —
12:32 P.M. — Rep. Mark Meadows (R-NC) explains why Rep. Chris Stewart’s (R-UT) exchange with Vindman is important:
12:31 P.M. —
12:30 P.M. — President Trump weighs in on Vindman’s testimony.
12:29 P.M. — Ukrainian President Zelensky says Ukrainians are “so tired” with impeachment questions, reports Politico. “We have our own country. We have our independence, we have our problems and questions. That’s it,” he adds.
12:27 P.M. —
12:22 P.M. — President Trump jokes about George Kent, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs who testified in last week’s impeachment hearing:
12:21 P.M. —
12:20 P.M. — Vindman says “certainty the president is well within his right” to ask for probes.
12:18 P.M. —
12:12 P.M. —
12:08 P.M. — Rep. Mike Turner (R-OH_ asks Vindman if he personally advised President Trump. Vindman says he only prepared briefing materials.
12:05 P.M. — Vindman on Giuliani’s activities regarding Ukraine:
12:01 P.M. — Important point by Rep. John Ratcliffe (R-TX):
11:56 A.M. — The celebrated Rev. Franklin Graham weighs in on today’s hearings:
11:55 A.M. —
11:54 A.M. —
11:52 A.M. —
11:47 A.M. —
11:45 A.M. — Jordan tells Schiff “no one believes you” about not knowing who the so-called “whistleblower” is.
11:44 A.M. — Vindman on whether he ever leaked: “I never did, never would, that is preposterous that I would do that.”
11:43 A.M. — Rep. Jim Jordan (R-OH) begins his questioning by raising Morrison’s testimony regarding his concerns about Vindman‘s judgment. Vindman replies by reading Fiona Hill’s praises of him in which she said he was ‘brilliant.”
11:39 A.M. —
11:38 A.M. —
11:36 A.M. — The hearing’s now resumed.
11:23 A.M. — The hearing is now on recess.
11:23 A.M. — The U.S. Army will not “confirm or deny” reports stating Vindman and his family are moving to a military base.
11:20 A.M. — Vindman confirms he’s never had contact with President Trump.
11:17 A.M. — Vindman seemingly mocks Giuliani: “I only know him as New York’s finest mayor.”
11:16 A.M. —
11:10 A.M. — Vindman says he turned down the role of Ukrainian defense minister three times and reported it to his chain of command. “I’m an American. The whole notion is rather comical that I was being asked to be Minister of Defense,” he says on why he turned down the offer.
11:08 A.M. —
11:01 A.M. —
10:57 A.M. — Vindman’s refusal to discuss the so-called “whistleblower” is getting a lot of attention:
10:56 A.M. — Vindman says Hunter Biden did not appear qualified to serve on Burisma’s board of directors.
10:55 A.M. — Vindman acknowledges he’s aware of President Trump’s skepticism about foreign aid.
10:53 A.M. — Castor asks whether President Trump has concerns about corruption in Ukraine. Vindman replies he does not recall, but there are general concerns in the U.S.
10:52 A.M. —
10:50 A.M. — Williams on the Trump-Zelensky call: “I did not discuss the call with anyone inside or outside the White House.”
10:48 A.M. —
10:46 A.M. —
10:44 A.M. — Vindman clarifies Nunes should address him as “lieutenant colonel.”
10:43 A.M. —
10:41 A.M. —
10:39 A.M. —
10:37 A.M. — Nunes posses the same questions about Hunter Biden and Burisma to Vindman, who gives similar answers to Williams.
10:36 A.M. —
10:31 A.M. —
10:28 A.M. — Williams: “President Zelensky asked Vice President Pence about the status of the security aid because he saw the Politico article that it was being withheld. Zelensky explained that it was the symbolic nature of the assistance.”
10:27 A.M. — Vindman: “My impression is that in order to get the White House meeting, President Zelensky would have to deliver the investigations.”
10:24 A.M. — Important points to remember:
10:22 A.M. — Vindman says President Trump did not mention “corruption” in both his calls with Zelensky.
10:20 A.M. — Vindman says the phrase “there are recordings” was left out from the Trump-Zelensky call transcript.
10:17 A.M. —
10:15 A.M. — Vindman says the Trump-Zelensky call transcript was segregated to a secure server to “preserve the integrity” of the documents.
10:10 A.M. —
Goldman: “You said it doesn’t take a rocket scientist to see the political benefits of [President Trump’s] demands explain?”
Vindman: “To investigate a political opponent was inappropriate and improper. I made that connection as soon as [President Trump] brought up the Biden investigation.”
10:09 A.M. —
Goldman: What languages do you speak?
Vindman: “I speak Russian, Ukrainian and a little bit of English.”
10:08 A.M. — Daniel Goldman, the House Democrats’ general counsel, asks Vindman and Williams if they are aware of evidence that former Vice President Joe Biden acted inappropriately with Ukraine. They both say no.
10:07 A.M. —
10:04 A.M. — Rep. Lee Zeldin (R-NY) busts the New York Times for spreading fake news about Vindman’s actions:
10:03 A.M. — Vindman: “It is the consensus of the entire intelligence community that Russia interfered in the elections of 2016.”
10:02 A.M. —
9:57 A.M. — Vindman and Williams testify that Burisma, the Ukraine gas firm that employed Hunter Biden as a board member, was mentioned in the Trump-Zelensky call, but was not present in the rough transcript. Vindman says it was “not a significant omission.”
9:55 A.M. — Vindman on Trump asking Zelensky to probe allegations of corruption against the Bidens: “It was inappropriate. It was improper for the president to request, to demand an investigation into a political opponent, especially a foreign power where there is at best dubious belief that this would be a completely impartial investigation.”
9:54 A.M. — Schiff asks Vindman for his real-time reaction to the Trump-Zelensky call. “Without hesitation, I knew I had to report my concerns,” he says.
9:52 A.M. — Vindman testifies that he advised Zelensky to steer clear of U.S. politics, stating it is consistent with U.S. domestic policy.
9:51 A.M. —
9:50 A.M. — Rudy Giuliani, President Trump’s personal lawyer, weighs in on today’s hearings:
9:48 A.M. —
9:47 A.M. — Vindman: “Dad, my sitting here today, in the U.S. Capitol, talking to our elected officials is proof that you made the right decision 40 years ago to leave the Soviet Union and come here to the U.S. in search of a better life for our family.”
Dad, do not worry. I will be fine for telling the truth,” he adds.
9:44 A.M. — Vindman: “In Russia, my act of expressing my concerns to the chain of command in an official and private channel would have severe personal and professional repercussions and offering public testimony involving the President would surely cost me my life.”
9:43 A.M. — Vindman: “I want to take a moment to recognize the courage of my colleagues who have appeared & are scheduled to appear before this committee. I want to state that the vile character attacks on these distinguished & honorable public servants is reprehensible”
9:42 A.M. — Vindman: “I privately reported my concerns, in official channels, to the proper authorities in the chain of command. My intent was to raise these concerns because they had significant national security implications for our country.”
9:41 A.M. — Vindman: “It is improper for the President of the United States to demand a foreign government investigate a U.S. citizen and political opponent. It was also clear that if Ukraine pursued an investigation. It would be interpreted as a partisan play.”
9:40 A.M. — Vindman: “The NSC and its inter-agency partners, including the State Department, grew increasingly concerned about the impact that such information was having on our country’s ability to achieve our national security objectives. “
9:39 A.M. — Vindman begins his opening statement: “At the NSC I am the principal advisor to the National Security Advisor and the President on Ukraine and the other countries in my portfolio. My core function is to coordinate policy with departments and agencies partners. “
9:37 A.M. — Williams: “Representatives of the State and Defense Departments advocated that the hold [on military aid for Ukraine] should be lifted. An OMB representative reported the White House chief of staff had directed the hold should remain in place.”
9:35 A.M. — Williams: “I found the July 25th phone call unusual because, in contrast to other presidential calls I had observed, it involved discussion of what appeared to be a domestic political matter.”
9:33 A.M. — Williams begins her opening statement: “As a career officer, I am committed to serving the American people and advancing American interests abroad, in support of the President’s foreign policy objectives.”
9:32 A.M. — Fresh off attacking Rep. Elise Stefanik (R-NY), George Conway lashes out at Nunes over his opening statement:
9:31 A.M. — Nunes on the so-called ‘whistleblower”:
9:27 A.M. —
9:23 A.M. — Nunes defends former The Hill journalist John Solomon’s reporting on Ukraine: “Now that Solomon’s reporting is a problem for the Democrats, it’s a problem for the media as well.”
9:21 A.M. — Rep. Devin Nunes (R-CA) blasts the establishment media in his opening statement, calls them “puppets of the Democratic Party.”
9:18 A.M. — Schiff on Jennifer Williams: “We all saw the President’s tweet about you on Sunday afternoon and the insults he hurled at Ambassador Yovanovich last Friday. You are here today, and the American people are grateful.”
9:17 A.M. — Schiff: “Col. Vindman, we have seen far more scurrilous attacks on your character, and watched as certain personalities on Fox have questioned your loyalty. I note that you have shed blood for America, and we owe you an immense debt of gratitude.”
9:16 A.M. — MORNING CONSULT: “The Nov. 15-17 survey found that 48 percent of voters support the inquiry and 45 percent oppose it, a net drop of 5 percentage points since a Nov. 8-10 poll.”
9:15 A.M. — Schiff begins his opening statement:
9:02 A.M. — Rep. Andy Biggs (R-AZ): “Vindman’s problem is that he’s a deep stater.”
8:30 A.M. — Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman and Jeniffer Williams have arrived on Capitol Hill for their joint testimony.


| 007:164 Khan | : |
And when a community among them said: "Why do you preach to a people whom Allah is about to destroy or to punish with a severe torment?" (The preachers) said: "In order to be free from guilt before your Lord (Allah), and perhaps they may fear Allah." |
| 007:164 Maulana | : |
And when a party of them said: Why preach you to a people whom Allah would destroy or whom He would chastise with a severe chastisement? They said: To be free from blame before your Lord, and that haply they may guard against evil. |
| 007:164 Pickthal | : |
And when a community among them said: Why preach ye to a folk whom Allah is about to destroy or punish with an awful doom, they said: In order to be free from guilt before your Lord, and that haply they may ward off (evil). |
| 007:164 Rashad | : |
Recall that a group of them said, "Why should you preach to people whom GOD will surely annihilate or punish severely?" They answered, "Apologize to your Lord," that they might be saved. |
| 007:164 Sarwar | : |
When a group of them questioned another group saying, "Why do you preach to those whom God has decided to destroy or punish by a severe torment?" they replied, "We preach to them for we are responsible in the sight of your Lord and so that perhaps they may have fear of God." |
| 007:164 Shakir | : |
And when a party of them said: Why do you admonish a with a severe chastisement? They said: To be free from blame before your Lord, and that haply they may guard (against evil). |
| 007:164 Sherali | : |
And when a party among them said to another party, 'Why do you admonish a people whom ALLAH is going to destroy or punish with a severe punishment?' They said, 'In order to be absolved from blame before your Lord and that they may turn to righteousness.' |
| 007:164 Yusufali | : |
When some of them said: "Why do ye preach to a people whom Allah will destroy or visit with a terrible punishment?"- said the preachers:" To discharge our duty to your Lord, and perchance they may fear Him." |
Concepts/Themes Covered:
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


class Parser::Base
Base class for version-specific parsers.
@api public
@!attribute [r] diagnostics
@return [Parser::Diagnostic::Engine]
@!attribute [r] #static_env
@return [Parser::StaticEnvironment]
Attributes
Public Class Methods
@return [Parser::Base] parser with the default options set.
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 82 def self.default_parser parser = new parser.diagnostics.all_errors_are_fatal = true parser.diagnostics.ignore_warnings = true parser.diagnostics.consumer = lambda do |diagnostic| $stderr.puts(diagnostic.render) end parser end
@param [Parser::Builders::Default] builder The AST builder to use.
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 120 def initialize(builder=Parser::Builders::Default.new) @diagnostics = Diagnostic::Engine.new @static_env = StaticEnvironment.new @lexer = Lexer.new(version) @lexer.diagnostics = @diagnostics @lexer.static_env = @static_env @builder = builder @builder.parser = self if self.class::Racc_debug_parser && ENV['RACC_DEBUG'] @yydebug = true end reset end
Parses a string of Ruby code and returns the AST. If the source cannot be parsed, {SyntaxError} is raised and a diagnostic is printed to `stderr`.
@example
Parser::Base.parse('puts "hello"')
@param [String] string The block of code to parse. @param [String] file The name of the file the code originated from. @param [Numeric] line The initial line number. @return [Parser::AST::Node]
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 28 def self.parse(string, file='(string)', line=1) parser = default_parser source_buffer = setup_source_buffer(file, line, string, parser.default_encoding) parser.parse(source_buffer) end
Parses Ruby source code by reading it from a file. If the source cannot be parsed, {SyntaxError} is raised and a diagnostic is printed to `stderr`.
@param [String] filename Path to the file to parse. @return [Parser::AST::Node] @see parse
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 62 def self.parse_file(filename) parse(File.read(filename), filename) end
Parses Ruby source code by reading it from a file and returns the AST and comments. If the source cannot be parsed, {SyntaxError} is raised and a diagnostic is printed to `stderr`.
@param [String] filename Path to the file to parse. @return [Array] @see parse
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 75 def self.parse_file_with_comments(filename) parse_with_comments(File.read(filename), filename) end
Parses a string of Ruby code and returns the AST and comments. If the source cannot be parsed, {SyntaxError} is raised and a diagnostic is printed to `stderr`.
@example
Parser::Base.parse_with_comments('puts "hello"')
@param [String] string The block of code to parse. @param [String] file The name of the file the code originated from. @param [Numeric] line The initial line number. @return [Array]
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 47 def self.parse_with_comments(string, file='(string)', line=1) parser = default_parser source_buffer = setup_source_buffer(file, line, string, parser.default_encoding) parser.parse_with_comments(source_buffer) end
Private Class Methods
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 95 def self.setup_source_buffer(file, line, string, encoding) if string.respond_to? :force_encoding string = string.dup.force_encoding(encoding) end source_buffer = Source::Buffer.new(file, line) if name == 'Parser::Ruby18' source_buffer.raw_source = string else source_buffer.source = string end source_buffer end
Public Instance Methods
@api private @return [Boolean]
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 224 def in_def? @def_level > 0 end
Parses a source buffer and returns the AST.
@param [Parser::Source::Buffer] #source_buffer The source buffer to parse. @return [Parser::AST::Node]
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 158 def parse(source_buffer) @lexer.source_buffer = source_buffer @source_buffer = source_buffer do_parse ensure # Don't keep references to the source file. @source_buffer = nil @lexer.source_buffer = nil end
Parses a source buffer and returns the AST and the source code comments.
@see parse @see Parser::Source::Comment#associate @return [Array]
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 176 def parse_with_comments(source_buffer) @lexer.comments = [] [ parse(source_buffer), @lexer.comments ] ensure @lexer.comments = nil end
Resets the state of the parser.
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 142 def reset @source_buffer = nil @def_level = 0 # count of nested def's. @lexer.reset @static_env.reset self end
Parses a source buffer and returns the AST, the source code comments, and the tokens emitted by the lexer. If `recover` is true and a fatal {SyntaxError} is encountered, `nil` is returned instead of the AST, and comments as well as tokens are only returned up to the location of the error.
Currently, token stream format returned by tokenize is not documented, but is considered part of a public API and only changed according to Semantic Versioning.
However, note that the exact token composition of various constructs might vary. For example, a string `“foo”` is represented equally well by `:tSTRING_BEG “ :tSTRING_CONTENT foo :tSTRING_END ”` and `:tSTRING “foo”`; such details must not be relied upon.
@param [Parser::Source::Buffer] #source_buffer @param [Boolean] recover If true, recover from syntax errors. False by default. @return [Array]
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 204 def tokenize(source_buffer, recover=false) @lexer.tokens = [] @lexer.comments = [] begin ast = parse(source_buffer) rescue Parser::SyntaxError raise if !recover end [ ast, @lexer.comments, @lexer.tokens ] ensure @lexer.tokens = nil @lexer.comments = nil end
Private Instance Methods
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 234 def check_kwarg_name(name_t) case name_t[0] when /^[a-z_]/ # OK when /^[A-Z]/ diagnostic :error, :argument_const, nil, name_t end end
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 243 def diagnostic(level, reason, arguments, location_t, highlights_ts=[]) _, location = location_t highlights = highlights_ts.map do |token| _, range = token range end @diagnostics.process( Diagnostic.new(level, reason, arguments, location, highlights)) if level == :error yyerror end end
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 230 def next_token @lexer.advance end
# File lib/parser/base.rb, line 259 def on_error(error_token_id, error_value, value_stack) token_name = token_to_str(error_token_id) _, location = error_value @diagnostics.process(Diagnostic.new( :error, :unexpected_token, { :token => token_name }, location)) end


{% block lead_head %}{% endblock %}
Logged in as {{ user.username }}
Welcome visitor! {{ user.username }}
The idea of these Data Tasks are to provide a user-centric, task oriented interface.
Each of the Data Tasks will be activated according to context.


Well college life is taking up a lot more time then I thought it would be, so there has been a major slow down
in development. However I have been putting quite a bit of work into Exhiled, I just havnt gotten around to
polishing up what I have, allowing for a playable version to be released.
Also, to let you guys know of all the additions and changes happening to Exhiled, I am converting the game to
a space theme. This does change much of the core mechanics, as the game still remains a colony management game,
just with a focus on suriving on a non earth like planet. This will require you to keep oxygen levels, power levels
and citizens hunger needs meet, while battling with the hard ships of space.
As for the future of the Dev Logs, I will continue to post here with updates on all of my projects, I just
will be changing Dev Logs to a bi-monthly event, rather than weekly. Next Dev Log there should be a fully stable
version of Exhiled to put up for Alpha testing. Cant wait to hear of your feed back, see you soon!


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Define external functions with internal memory.
External functions may have internal memory reported between function calls. Within Modelica this memory is defined as instance of the predefined class ExternalObject according to the following rules:
A user-defined table may be defined in the following way as an ExternalObject (the table is read in a user-defined format from file and has memory for the last used table interval):
class MyTable extends ExternalObject; function constructor input String fileName = ""; input String tableName = ""; output MyTable table; external "C" table = initMyTable(fileName, tableName); end constructor; function destructor "Release storage of table" input MyTable table; external "C" closeMyTable(table); end destructor; end MyTable;
and used in the following way:
model test "Define a new table and interpolate in it" MyTable table=MyTable(fileName ="testTables.txt", tableName="table1"); // call initMyTable Real y; equation y = interpolateMyTable(table, time); end test;
This requires to provide the following Modelica function:
function interpolateMyTable "Interpolate in table" input MyTable table; input Real u; output Real y; external "C" y = interpolateMyTable(table, u); end interpolateTable;
The external C-functions may be defined in the following way:
typedef struct { /* User-defined data structure of the table */ double* array; /* nrow*ncolumn vector */ int nrow; /* number of rows */ int ncol; /* number of columns */ int type; /* interpolation type */ int lastIndex; /* last row index for search */ } MyTable; void* initMyTable(const char* fileName, const char* tableName) { MyTable* table = malloc(sizeof(MyTable)); if ( table == NULL ) ModelicaError("Not enough memory"); // read table from file and store all data in *table return (void*) table; } void closeMyTable(void* object) { /* Release table storage */ MyTable* table = (MyTable*) object; if ( object == NULL ) return; free(table->array); free(table); } double interpolateMyTable(void* object, double u) { MyTable* table = (MyTable*) object; double y; // Interpolate using "table" data (compute y) return y; }


Turkish football fans shower orphans with toys during match
by DAILY SABAHA football match on Sunday in Turkey's northern province of Samsun turned into an unforgettable experience for dozens of orphaned children after they were showered with toys during the game.
The heartwarming gesture took place during a Second League match between Yılport Samsunspor and Şanlıurfaspor. At 55th minute of the match, fans of Samsunspor began raining down stuffed toys on 100 children attending the match at the invitation of the club.
According to reports, the event was planned and carried out by a group of students from the local Ondokuz Mayıs University. The students' gesture was applauded by fans of both teams.
Samsunspor won the the match 5-0.


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Maoists issue death threat to Kerala CM Pinarayi Vijayan
Kozhikode: The Vadakara police station near here on Friday received a letter which said that Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan would be dealt with in the way he should be dealt with as he was responsible for the death of seven Maoists. The letter has been signed by Bedar Moosa, Vice President of the Kabinidal Action Committee for the Urban Action team. The Maoists are up in arms against the Vijayan government for the shooting down of four Maoists in the deep forest ranges bordering the Palakkad and Malappuram districts last month. Since Vijayan assumed office in 2016, in all seven Maoists have been gunned down. The letter written in Malayalam stated that in lieu of gunning down seven of their colleagues, the appropriate punishment for the Kerala CM would be carried out by them. The Maoists have also threatened to eliminate Perambara Sub Inspector Harish for the way he is treating the people. (IANS)
Also Read: Pinarayi Vijayan Slams Amit Shah For Calling Wayanad As ‘Pakistan’
Also Watch: 1st Bodoland International Paragliding concludes, Indonesia wins gold both man’s & women’s category


The Team
Phong Doan
Phong is an Army Veteran and father of two children. Phong enjoys the creative problem solving of software development.
Hollie Thomas
Hollie is an Army Veteran and mother of two children. Hollie enjoys the challenge of software development and the constant evolving atmosphere
Mattäus Isenberg
Mattäus is a German national who speaks a total of five languages. Mattäus enjoys the logical processing of software development
Travis Coots
Travis is an Airforce Veteran, is orginally from California and enjoys the mystery of trouble shooting
David Oram
Cyril goes by the name David. David is from Baltimore. He is currently moving into software development from an extensive career in avionics.


Class DataTransmitIndication
Base class for Data Transmit Indications.
Inheritance
Inherited Members
Namespace: FosterBuster.IU880B.Messaging.Rx.LoRaWAN
Assembly: IU880B.dll
Syntax
public abstract class DataTransmitIndication : LoRaWanRxHciMessage
Constructors
| Improve this Doc View SourceDataTransmitIndication(LoRaWanMessageIdentifier, IList<Byte>)
Initializes a new instance of the DataTransmitIndication class.
Declaration
protected DataTransmitIndication(LoRaWanMessageIdentifier identifier, IList<byte> payload)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| LoRaWanMessageIdentifier | identifier | the identifier. |
| System.Collections.Generic.IList<System.Byte> | payload | the payload. |
Properties
| Improve this Doc View SourceChannelIndex
Gets the channel index the transmission was sent on.
Declaration
public int? ChannelIndex { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Nullable<System.Int32> |
DataRate
Gets the Data rate (spreading factor) the transmission was sent on.
Declaration
public DataRateIndex? DataRate { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Nullable<DataRateIndex> |
ExtendedFormat
Gets a value indicating whether the payload contains extended info or not.
Declaration
protected bool ExtendedFormat { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean |
MessageAirTimeMillis
Gets the airrtime in milliseconds of transmitted radio message.
Declaration
public int? MessageAirTimeMillis { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Nullable<System.Int32> |
RadioPacketSent
Gets a value indicating whether the radio packet was sent (true), or if an error occured (false).
Declaration
public bool RadioPacketSent { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean |
TransmitPowerLevel
Gets the transmit power level configured in transceiver in dBm (min. value 0 dBm).
Declaration
public int? TransmitPowerLevel { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Nullable<System.Int32> |
Remarks
The minimum TRX power level depends on the radio module and it could slightly vary from the given power level value for the low power levels.
TransmittedRadioPackets
Gets the number of transmitted radio packets of last request.
Declaration
public int? TransmittedRadioPackets { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Nullable<System.Int32> |


Sell
{{carname}}
Buyer Name:
Sell Date:
Sell Price:
{{buttonText}}
{{message}}
Available Cars
{{deleteMessage}}
#
Name
Price
Seats
{{$index+1}}
{{car.name}}
{{car.price | currency}}
{{car.seats}}
Sell
Copyright @2021 | Designed With
by
Jazara Debuggers


This blog post describes my work on Graft.jl, a general purpose graph analysis package for Julia. For those unfamiliar with graph algorithms, a quick introduction might help.
My proposal, titled ParallelGraphs, was to develop a parallelized/distributed graph algorithms library. However, in the first month or so, we decided to work towards a more general framework that supports data analysis on networks (graphs with attributes defined on vertices and edges). Our change in direction was mainly motivated by:
The modified proposal could be summarized as the development of a package that supports:
LightGraphs
ParallelGraphs
turned out to be a misnomer, since we were moving towards a more general purpose data analysis framework. So we chose the name Graft
, a kind of abbreviation for Graph Toolkit. The following sections detail Graft's
features:
Graphs are often representations of real world entities, and the relationships between them. Such entities (and their relationships), often have data attached to them. While it is quite straightforward to store vertex data (a simple table will suffice), storing edges and their data is very tricky. The data should be structured on the source and target vertices, should support random access and should be vectorized for queries.
At first we tried placing the edge data in a SparseMatrixCSC.  A simpler solution is to store edge metadata in a DataFrame, and have a SparseMatrixCSC map edges onto indices for the DataFrame. This strategy needed a lot less code, and the benchmarks were more promising. Mutations such as the addition or removal of vertices and edges become more complicated however.
Most graph libraries do not support vertex labelling. It can be very confusing to refer to a vertex by its (often long) integer identifier. It is also computationally expensive to use non-integer labels in the implementation of the package (any such implementation would involve dictionaries). There is no reason, however, for the user to have to use integer labels externally. Graft supports two modes of vertex labelling. By default, a vertex is identified by its internal identifier. A user can assign labels of any arbitrary Julia type to identify vertices, overriding the internal identifiers. This strategy, we feel, makes a reasonable compromise between user experience and performance.
If vertex labels were used in the internal implementation, the graph data structure would probably look like this:
Dict(
"Alice" => Dict(
"age" => 34,
"occupation" => "Doctor",
"adjacencies" => Dict("Bob" => Dict("relationship" => "follow")))
),
"Bob" => Dict(
"age" => 36,
"occupation" => "Software Engineer",
"adjacencies" => Dict("Charlie" => Dict("relationship" => "friend"))
),
"Charlie" => Dict(
"age" => 30,
"occupation" => "Lawyer",
"adjacencies" => Dict("David" => Dict("relationship" => "follow"))
),
"David" => Dict(
"age" => 29,
"occupation" => "Athlete",
"adjacencies" => Dict("Alice" => Dict("relationship" => "friend"))
)
)
Cleary, using labels internally is a very bad idea. Any sort of data access would set off multiple dictionary look-ups. Instead, if a bidirectional map could be used to translate labels into vertex identifiers and back, the number of dictionary lookups could be reduced to one. The data would also be better structured for query processing.
# Label Map to resolve queries
LabelMap(
# Forward map : labels to vertex identifiers
Dict("Alice" => 1, "David" => 4", "Charlie" => 3, Bob" => 2),
# Reverse map : vertex identifiers to labels
String["Alice, "Bob", "Charlie", "David"]
)
# Vertex DataFrame
4×2 DataFrames.DataFrame
│ Row │ age │ occupation │
├─────┼─────┼─────────────────────┤
│ 1 │ 34 │ "Doctor" │
│ 2 │ 36 │ "Software Engineer" │
│ 3 │ 30 │ "Lawyer" │
│ 4 │ 29 │ "Athlete" │
# SparseMatrixCSC : maps edges onto indices into Edge DataFrame
4×4 sparse matrix with 4 Int64 nonzero entries:
[4, 1] = 1
[1, 2] = 2
[2, 3] = 3
[3, 4] = 4
# Edge DataFrame
4×1 DataFrames.DataFrame
│ Row │ relationship │
├─────┼──────────────┤
│ 1 │ "follow" │
│ 2 │ "friend" │
│ 3 │ "follow" │
│ 4 │ "friend" │
Graft’s query notation is borrowed from Jplyr. The @query
macro is used to simplify the query syntax, and
accepts a pipeline of abstractions separated by the pipe operator |>
. The stages are described through abstractions:
Accepts an expression, that is run over every vertex. Vertex properties can be expressed using the dot notation. Some reserved properties are v.id
, v.label
,
v.adj
, v.indegree
and v.outdegree
.
Examples:
# Check if the user has overridden the default labels
julia> @query(g |> eachvertex(v.id == v.label)) |> all
# Kirchoff's law :P
julia> @query(g |> eachvertex(v.outdegree - v.indegree)) .== 0
Accepts an expression, that is run over every edge. The symbol s
is used to denote
the source vertex, and t
is used to denote the target vertex in the edge. The symbol e
is used to denote
the edge itself. Edge properties can be expressed through the dot notation. Some reserved properties are e.source
, e.target
, e.mutualcount
, and e.mutual
.
Examples:
# Arithmetic expression on edge, source and target properties
julia> @query g |> eachedge(e.p1 - s.p1 - t.p1)
# Check if constituent vertices have the same outdegree
julia> @query g |> eachedge(s.outdegree == t.outdegree)
# Count the number of "mutual friends" between the source and target vertices in each edge
julia> @query g |> eachedge(e.mutualcount)
Accepts vertex or edge expressions and computes subgraphs with a subset of vertices, or a subset of edges, or both. Examples:
# Remove vertices where property p1 equals property p2
@query g |> filter(v.p1 != v.p2)
# Remove self loops from the graph
@query g |> filter(e.source != e.target)
Returns a subgraph with a subset of vertex properties, or a subset of edge properties or both. Examples:
# Preserve vertex properties p1, p2 and nothing else
@query g |> select(v.p1, v.p2)
# Preserve vertex property p1 and edge property p2
@query g |> select(v.p1, e.p2)
The typical workflow we hope to support with Graft
is:
LightGraphs
and run computationally expensive algorithms there.Graft
as a new property, or use it to modify the graphs structure.The following examples should demonstrate this workflow:
More information can be found here
This work was carried out as part of the Google Summer of Code program, under the guidance of mentors: Viral B Shah and Shashi Gowda.


You may replace a trigger supplied by the Specific UI by adding your own custom GenTrigger (as a child of the GenInteraction) with its
ATTR_GEN_TRIGGER_INTERACTION_COMMAND
set to the proper
InteractionCommand
of the trigger to replace. You should also mark such triggers with
HINT_SEEK_REPLY_BAR
to place them within the reply bar, though this is not required. If there is no such hint, the trigger will appear within the body of the dialog.
You should set the trigger to perform whatever action your application requires (including the function of the trigger being replaced, if applicable). If necessary, the action handler should also perform the default handling of the replaced trigger. A moniker need not be supplied as the Specific UI will choose one based on the
InteractionCommand
and the context of the dialog. You may supply your own moniker.
In fact, in some cases you might want to merely change the default moniker of a standard response trigger without changing the functionality of the trigger itself. In this case, you should provide an override trigger with
ATTR_GEN_TRIGGER_INTERACTION_COMMAND
. You should then add your new visual moniker to this replacement but leave the action fields blank. The specific UI will assign any trigger set up with
ATTR_GEN_TRIGGER_INTERACTION_COMMAND
and a blank action to have the default behavior of the replaced trigger.
Code Display 7-24 Replacing a Standard Response Trigger
/* The GenInteractionType GIT_NOTIFICATION, when built as a dialog, automatically * contains a standard response trigger to send out the InteractionCommand IC_OK. * You can replace this trigger with one of your own by adding a trigger with that * InteractionCommand. Your trigger will override the system default. */
@object GenInteractionClass MyInteraction = { GII_type = GIT_NOTIFICATION; GII_visibility = GIV_DIALOG; GII_attrs = @default | GIA_NOT_USER_INITIATABLE | GIA_MODAL; GI_comp = MyGlyph, MyResponseTrigger; }
@object GenGlyphClass MyGlyph = { GI_visMoniker = "New Mail has arrived"; }
/* MyResponseTrigger replaces the IC_OK default trigger for the Notification dialog * box. In this case, we will only change the visual moniker of the trigger. By * leaving the output fields blank, we cause the system to send * MSG_GEN_GUP_INTERACTION_COMMAND with IC_OK. (This is the default behavior.) * HINT_SEEK_REPLY_BAR is used to place this trigger within the reply bar of the * notification dialog. */
@object GenTriggerClass MyResponseTrigger = { GI_visMoniker = "OK, I acknowledge"; ATTR_GEN_TRIGGER_INTERACTION_COMMAND = { IC_OK }; HINT_SEEK_REPLY_BAR; }
ATTR_GEN_TRIGGER_INTERACTION_COMMAND
also performs a special function in dialogs displayed with
UserDoDialog()
. Whenever the user completes an Interaction in a
UserDoDialog()
dialog box by activating one of the response triggers, the
InteractionCommand
stored in the
ATTR_GEN_TRIGGER_INTERACTION_COMMAND
of the activated trigger will be returned. You can use this return value to determine which trigger the user activated. (See Thread Blocking Routines
.)