Playing About with Shiny
As an update to my MPhys project, I am currently building a webapp using the R package shiny to display the data from the simulations that have been run.
It has been almost too easy to use, basically just a few user interface lessons and playing around with how the app looks.
The app flow is as follows:
- The app grep’s in the directory for the unique ID of the data file that has been chosen.
- It then plots the displacement, velocity and variance graph using ggplot with a custom theme. This is basically the black and white theme (theme_bw()) with removal of y label markings.
- For a given user inputed time stamp, the app outputs the distribution of the populations. A red marker point is displayed on the previous graphs to indicate where that time occurs.
- The fitness and mutation landscapes are drawn below the population graph to easily show whether the cloud is in a trap etc.
What I am most pleased about this app is the interactivity and ability to view the populations at a given interval. While not exactly the most “physicsy” bit of the project, it will help communicate the results of the data.
Further work can be done to generally improve the aesthetic look of the app.
A link will be added to the app once it is fully fit for public consumption!
UPDATE:
Feedback appreciated!


Foundation is the most advanced responsive front-end framework in the world. You can quickly prototype and build sites or apps that work on any kind of device with Foundation, which includes layout constructs (like a fully responsive grid), elements and best practices.
To get started, check out http://foundation.zurb.com/docs
To get going with Foundation you can:
bower install foundation
npm install foundation-sites
Foundation uses Assemble.io and Grunt to generate its documentation pages. Documentation can also be run from your local computer:
You'll want to clone the Foundation repo first and install all the dependencies. You can do this using the following commands:
git clone git@github.com:zurb/foundation.git
cd foundation
npm install -g grunt-cli bower
npm install
bower install
bundle install
Then just run grunt build
and the documentation will be compiled:
foundation/
├── dist/
│ └── ...
├────── docs/
│ └── ...
Copyright (c) 2015 ZURB, inc.


Cute doge
Hi, I'm a dog. Woof!
Some of my favorite places
The beach
The dog park
Your lap :3
Make sure to follow me on
Instagram


Walmart apologizes for Santa sweater with drug reference
by KNOE(CNN) - Walmart apologized for selling sweaters that appear to show Santa Claus with lines of cocaine.
The sweater has the words "Let it snow" and includes three white lines in front of Santa.
Part of the description said, "The best snow comes straight from South America." It added "Santa really likes to savor the moment when he gets his hands on some quality, grade-A, Colombian snow."
Walmart said the sweater was sold online in Canada by a third-party vendor and has been removed.
The company said the sweaters do not represent its values.
Copyright 2019 CNN. All rights reserved.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %}
You've accepted the invite and have joined your new alliance. All other invites have been cleared.
You've declined an invite.
You should probably refresh the page.


--- title: Amazon Black Friday Deals - Gaming Accessories date: 2017-11-20 00:00:00 Z tags: - rajiblaze - black - friday - amazon layout: post author: Rajiblaze excerpt_separator: "" description: Black Friday deals at Amazon ---
Black Friday is upon us, and it's the best time for gamers! Here are some accessories for you or that special gamer in your heart. Check them out!


HOWTO: Help during cold weather shelter
created: 2017-11-07;
status: notes;
tagged:
If you take away one piece of information from these minutes: Volunteers are not expected to stay up all night when we open the building for cold weather shelter.
Agencies providing cold weather shelter
Thurston county’s Cold Weather Overnight Shelters include
- Family Support Center,<PHONE_NUMBER>
- Families of any kind with children under 18, or pregnant women & partner, all genders, service animals welcome.
- 837 7th Ave SE Olympia, 98501
- The Salvation Army,<PHONE_NUMBER>
- Single men and women, service animals welcome.
- 824 5th Ave SE Olympia, WA 98501
- Union Gospel Mission,<PHONE_NUMBER>
- Single men and women, service animals welcome.
- 413 Franklin St NE #A, Olympia, WA 98506
- Community Youth Services (CYS),<PHONE_NUMBER>
- Young adults ages 18-24, all genders welcome.
- 520 Pear St. SE, Olympia, WA 98501
See also Year Round Day & Night Shelters.
Overview: Cold Weather Season at Pear Blossom Place
Thurston County funds the Cold Weather Season in our community, including additional emergency family shelter beds at Pear Blossom Place. This year we have moved to a cold weather “season” as opposed to a night to night determination of availability based on temperature. The cold weather season operates from November 1 to April 30, and Pear Blossom Place opens additional beds from 7:00PM to 9:00AM every day.
Building capacity is 70 people.
The Family Support Center is contracted to provide 20 additional beds every night during the cold weather season. However, as a family support organization, and these beds being a life saving measure, it is highly unlikely we will ever turn someone away from cold weather shelter. Our maximum building capacity for the 1st floor is 70 people, allowing for additional 31 spots being available. In the event more than 25 people show up for cold weather shelter, the on-call staff person will be contacted to identify a plan to shelter additional people as we approach fire code (such as hotel stays, etc.).
Hours are 7pm–9am.
Cold weather shelter runs from 7pm to 9am, with FSCSS paid staff arriving at 7:00PM to get set up for the evening. Our families staying at cold weather know the hours are 7:00PM to 9:00AM, and occasionally may arrive a few minutes early as we enter really cold weather. Volunteers are not expected to manage cold weather families, and the staff person who arrives at 7:00 can get everyone set up. Volunteer can encourage families to visit the Salvation Army for dinner, then return at 7pm. (TODO: create map of heated buildings open to the public.)
Screened entry: check if registered sex offender.
The first time someone comes for cold weather shelter, we need to run their first/last name through the sex offender registry. Volunteers are welcome to search the sex offender registry, especially if they are letting someone in before FSCSS staff arrive. Registered Sex Offenders may not stay on property.
Sleeping Arrangements
We keep additional mats, blankets, and pillows in the bike closet. Note: 30 people require lots of room: both the bike closet and the living room will be crowded. FSCSS staff will move furniture around 8:45pm to make room on the floor to sleep. The lights do not turn off in the common room.
We ask long-term shelter residents to retire to their rooms after 9pm. (Note: this is not a hard rule. It’s more important that the kids go to their rooms at 9pm than their parents.) We want to block off time for cold weather families to sleep.
No personal belongings during daytime.
We unfortunately do not heave the storage space to hold families items during the day, so we ask families to take their belongings with them.
No laundry or showers on site.
Due to capacity, we unfortunately cannot provide shower or laundry services for families staying for cold weather. However, if a kiddo gets sick or a family only has soaking wet clothing then of course we can make an exception and offer a shower or laundry. Families may use the kitchen space in the common area, though we ask they clean up and do not keep any food in the cabinets/refrigerator as other families may eat it.
We provide shower vouchers for the YMCA. We keep vouchers in a silver file cabinet under the front desk.
Where to go during the day?
At 9am we ask families to leave Pear Blossom Place. We can support families by referring them to these heated buildings during the day.
- The Union Gospel Mission (map)
- Community Care Center (map)
- Olympia Timberland Regional Library (map)
- Salvation Army Emergency Shelter, colloquially Sally’s (map)


{% extends "base_generic.html" %} {% block pagetitle %}Domain Entry{% endblock %} {% block breadcrumbs %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Upload a csv file containing log entries to be imported:
Your csv file must have these headers:
start_date, end_date, source_ip, dest_ip, tool, user_context, command, description, output, comments, operator_name, tags, oplog_idYour start_date and end_date values must be in the YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS format.


Transparency data
Ofqual board meeting held on 18 November 2015: minutes, agenda and reports.
PDF , 395KB , 5 pages
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The attached minutes documents contain minutes from the previous meeting held on 23 September 2015 and any matters arising from it.


Guide
How to use the RIS3 Innovation Maps application.
Step 1. Data Collection
a: Data Gathering
A prerequisite to the use of this application is the availability of grant data concerning innovative
programmes implemented across various regions. Data sources may include regional research councils or
funding providers such as the Gateway to Research (GtR) in the UK
and Tekes in Finland.
Compile relevant data from these providers in the application by one or more of the following means:
- File upload: Import a local text file. *
- Data Import: Query stored data from the sources listed above.
- Manual Data Entry: Design a custom format and enter or copy data into an online spreadsheet.
Additional sources may also include information exported from the RIS3 Open Data Tool (App. 5.7.). This data consists of CORDIS data concerning EU funded projects and the corresponding calls.
b: Data Specification
The next step is the selection of appropriate fields and the definition of a method of classification, by
business area and technology area.
At this stage it is required to specify the relevant columns containing essential information including:
- Region
- Funding
- Business Area
- Technology Classification
NOTE: It is possible to create new columns for manual data entry should this data not be available.
The OECD and NABS standards are built-in to the application and are used as standard however the user may specify a custom classification method. In order to use a custom classification two additional csv files are required to be uploaded which contain:| Column | Contents | Example |
|---|---|---|
| "chapter" | Label | 1.1. |
| "topic" | Title | Mathematics |
| "category" * | Hierarchy | Natural Sciences |
* optional
Read more concerning classification methods here.
Note: The use of standard classifications is encouraged to allow for cross-regional and cross-country comparisons.
Step 2: Data Cleansing and Classification
Imported data will appear in the online spreadsheet where it can modified and manipulated.
Classify grant data by business and technology area using the provided drop-down menus.
Step 3: Data Visualisation, Analysis and Policy Intelligence
Visualise the data in order to analyse trends concerning regional RIS3 priorities.
Build and apply filters concerning any column in order to fine-tune the analysis; E.g. filter by Region.
Construct filters in order to refine the scope of the analysis.
Step 4: Plotting Options and Data Export
Adjust and save the underlying data and figures.
Options
- Modify Settings: Adjust column selection and change classification method
- Column: Select a column in order to change the header title
- Insert: Add a new column
- Title: Change the plot title and file name for export
- Format: Change the Image type for export - png, jpeg, webp or svg
- Data: Chose to plot project count or funding
- Scale: Adjust the bubble size for improved comparison
- Filter: Construct filter by selecting a column and desired values
Step 5. Policy Intelligence
Analyse the data visualised by the app; for example: Identify regional strengths and concentrations of
innovation activities using Heatmap plots with a regional filter or Bubble maps with classification filters.
Click on the plot to find out more about a specific topic area or region.


We had school on Good Friday this year because of snow day accruals, which means we had a ton of students out. I wanted to give one short assessment to see what needed to happen when we returned from break. Students who were out of school had an option to complete the assessment online (totally their option. I made it clear that family trumps chemistry every time) so they didn’t need to worry about taking it when they got back from break.
I wanted some method of keeping the questions secure, so I decided to use a Google Form to keep track of access to the document.
From the class website, I posted a link they could use to get to the test.
From there, they were taken to a Google form with the following statement:
I understand that taking the test from home is at my own convenience. By signing my name below, I affirm that I took this test without the aid of outside resources such as notes, a textbook, or the Google. My performance is accurate and reflects my current learning in chemistry.
They then had to type their name in the box and submit.
Once submitted, they were given a link to the test so they could take it.
I’m not naive. I know that they could just grab the link and pass that around. That’s not the point.
Standards-based grading helps with the conversation piece – their grade is attached to the learning they’ve done during the chapter. You know the information, or you don’t. It makes grade conversations much easier because students recognize that they haven’t proven their learning…yet. That also gives me a much more solid platform for catching misrepresentation of ability. I know what they can do, and the test scores usually match up pretty closely.
Which brings me to the second point: honestly representing what you can and can’t do goes beyond the classroom. Don’t fake resumes. Don’t fake online profiles. Be who you are, and that means being honest with what you know and don’t know. By signing the form and then taking the test, the student is entering an agreement that gives us a starting point if uncomfortable conversations need to happen.
Written on April 3rd , 2015 by Brian Bennett Categorized in: All Teaching
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A Cue List provides a list of Functions that you can step through with a single keyboard key. The Cue List is designed for theatrical performances where the lighting operator needs only to follow the script and toggle the next cue as the performance goes on.
The first column on the Cue List displays the step (cue) number that runs from 1 to infinity and beyond . The second column shows the individual Function name that has been assigned to that particular cue.
Please note that only Chasers can be assigned to a Cue List, for the simple reason that the Chaser is the only function with a duration. Since any other Function can be added as a step to a Chaser with the Chaser Editor, it is simple to create the desired Cues by mixing Scenes, Collections, and so on...
Cue Lists can be configured with the object properties button
found in the toolbar or
by double clicking on the Cue List widget.
| Cue list name | Set the friendly name of the Cue List. The name appears as the Cue List's second column title. |
| Cue list | This panel allows the user to select the Chaser to associate with the Cue List. |
| Associate a Chaser with the Cue List using the Select Function dialog. | |
| Remove the selected Chaser from the Cue List. | |
| Playback | You can select the key that you want to use to start/stop the selected step (cue) in the Cue List with this option. The key combination is shown in the text field; if the field is empty, there is no key combination currently attached to the Cue List. |
| Next cue | You can select the key that you want to use to skip to the next step (cue) in the Cue List with this option. The key combination is shown on the text field; if the field is empty, there is no key combination currently attached to the Cue List. |
| Previous cue | You can select the key that you want to use to skip to the previous step (cue) in the Cue List with this option. The key combination is shown on the text field; if the field is empty, there is no key combination currently attached to the Cue List. |
| Crossfade | You can select external input for the two crossfaders. |
When switching QLC+ to Operate Mode, the Cue List will
become active, allowing the selection of the desired steps included in the associated Chaser.
Pressing the ENTER key will start the selected step.
The following items are displayed at the bottom of the Cue List widget:
| Cue progress bar |
A progress bar showing the current running step status. When a fade in speed is set and is not set to "default" the bar will be colored in green. During the hold time the bar will be colored in blue. The text displayed on the bar is the time remaining for the cue to end. If the step duration is set to inifinite (∞), the bar will just display the fade in progress in green. |
| When clicked, this button will open/close a side panel showing two sliders for controlling crossfade. (See next chapter) | |
| Start/stop the replay of the Cue List from the currently selected step | |
| Go back to the previous step in the Cue List, which will then be replayed. When the top is reached, the previous step will be the last step of the Cue List | |
| Go to the next step in the Cue List, which will then be replayed. When reaching the bottom, the next step will be the first of the Cue List |
There are two faders that can be used to manually control crossfade between two consecutive steps.
Each slider is connected to a Cue List step and to help to understand their purpose we'll call them
"current step" and "next step" sliders.
The label at the bottom of each slider will show
the number of the step that the slider is controlling and a color to show the status of that step.
The checkbox at the top will link the sliders together to facilitate crossfading between steps.
When the Cue list is running the sliders control the intensity of the
associated steps, overriding their Fade In and Fade Out speeds and so allowing manual control
of the transition.
The slider for the current step has a blue label. This will be at 100% when the replay of the Cue List is started.
The slider for the next step has an orange label and will be at 0% when the replay of the Cue List is started.
The intensities of both steps can be adjusted by moving the corresponding slider.
However, after both sliders have been moved to the opposite ends of their travel, the following changes take place:
The orange next step label changes to blue (slider at 100%). This indicates that the old next step has become the new current step.
The blue current step label changes to orange and the number of the step is increased by 2 (slider at 0%). So this slider now controls the step which comes after the
old next step.
When a step is added to a Chaser using the Chaser Editor, the default
duration is set to 0.
To avoid the steps in the Cue List looping frantically without any result, set the duration
of your steps, either by double clicking on the duration field or by using the
Speed Dial widget
Note that if you need scenes that you're going to crossfade manually with the
Cue List widget, you probably will want to set the duration of the steps to "infinite" (∞) using the Speed Dial widget. This can be
enabled in the Chaser Editor by clicking on the button.


Class CombinedContainerConfig
An IContainerConfig which contains zero or or more other IContainerConfig objects. Behaviours can depend on other behaviours, and this collection ensures that they are applied in the correct order.
Implements
Inherited Members
Namespace: Rezolver
Assembly: Rezolver.dll
Syntax
public class CombinedContainerConfig : DependantCollection<IContainerConfig>, IList<IContainerConfig>, ICollection<IContainerConfig>, IEnumerable<IContainerConfig>, IEnumerable, IContainerConfig
Constructors
| Improve this Doc View SourceCombinedContainerConfig()
Constructs a new instance of the CombinedContainerConfig type
Declaration
public CombinedContainerConfig()
CombinedContainerConfig(CombinedContainerConfig)
Constructs a new instance of the CombinedContainerConfig class by cloning an existing one.
Declaration
public CombinedContainerConfig(CombinedContainerConfig collection)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| CombinedContainerConfig | collection | The collection whose elements are to be copied. If null, then the collection is initialised empty. |
CombinedContainerConfig(IContainerConfig[])
Constructs a new instance of the CombinedContainerConfig type, using the passed behaviours enumerable to seed the underlying collection.
Declaration
public CombinedContainerConfig(params IContainerConfig[] behaviours)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IContainerConfig[] | behaviours | The behaviours to be added to the collection on construction. |
CombinedContainerConfig(IEnumerable<IContainerConfig>)
Constructs a new instance of the CombinedContainerConfig type, using the passed behaviours enumerable to seed the underlying collection.
Declaration
public CombinedContainerConfig(IEnumerable<IContainerConfig> behaviours)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IEnumerable<IContainerConfig> | behaviours | The behaviours to be added to the collection on construction. |
Methods
| Improve this Doc View SourceClone()
Clones the configuration in this instance into a new instance of the CombinedContainerConfig type.
Declaration
public CombinedContainerConfig Clone()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| CombinedContainerConfig |
Configure(IContainer, IRootTargetContainer)
Applies the behaviours in this collection to the passed container
and
targets
.
Declaration
public void Configure(IContainer container, IRootTargetContainer targets)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IContainer | container | The container to which the behaviours are being attached. |
| IRootTargetContainer | targets | The target container used by the |
Remarks
The implementation runs through each behaviour that has been added to the collection, in dependency order, calling its Configure(IContainer, IRootTargetContainer) method.


This is the practice of Bootstrap. We are trying to see what this will actually do. I hope that this class will offer a better understanding than the actual Bootstrap website.


PRATYUSH
SHIVAM
Beautiful designs
Make designs Matter
Some of the frameworks
I have a good knowledge about are
Reactjs, Angularjs, Vuejs, Gatsby, Nextjs,
Threejs, Parceljs, Django, Flask, Ruby, Laravel, jQuery, Symphony, Nodejs, Expressjs, Bootstrap,
Electronjs, ASP .Net Core and Drupal
Pratyush Shivam Github


Spring Boot Web Thymeleaf Page
Myapplicationproperties defined in a class and populated by application.yml
EhCachedData page (reads random generated int. Refresh the page.)
Logout (you might want to logout from the OAuth provider too)
Actuator
/act/metrics(with `customCounter` field)
Stock JSON REST on /stocks
See Postman SpringBootSnippets Group


Malema 'aware' of EFF leaders bribing delegates ahead of December election
by ZINGISA MVUMVUEFF leader Julius Malema is “aware” that leaders within his party are using money to influence delegates to the party's national people's assembly next month.
New party leaders are expected to be elected at the assembly.
Malema made the admission at a press conference on Thursday on the state of readiness for the assembly in Johannesburg.
According to Malema, some party members had alerted him to promises by some leaders to deposit money into their accounts in exchange for votes.
This, he said, was tantamount to trying to buy the EFF, and the party leader said everyone implicated would be named and shamed once they had deposited the money into delegates' accounts.
“I am aware of people who are being asked bank account details so that monies could be sent to their bank accounts, and all of that,” said Malema. “We must expel these people who are sending money. Once money is sent we will publish those names.
“We completely discourage use of money [to buy delegates] and anyone who uses money we will deal with them decisively. We will not waste time.”
Malema said what was more worrying was that some EFF leaders were "buying" students, who are members of the party's student command. This, he said, had the potential to corrupt future leaders of the party.
The EFF was for open and democratic political contests, he said.
Malema also boasted about his track record of never having lost a political contest for positions. This was the clearest warning yet to EFF leaders who might be toying with the idea of contest against Malema, who is widely expected to return to his position uncontested.
“I have never lost a conference, even in the ANC,” he boasted.


Machine learning is all about building models from data. However, data scientists frequently talk about models and algorithms first, which very likely generates suboptimal results. The other approach is to play with the data first. Even simple statistics and plots can help us get feelings of data and problems, which more likely lead us to better modelling.
A feature is an individual measurable property of a phenomenon being observed. Features are also called explanatory variables, independent variables, predictors, regressors, etc. Any attribute could be a feature, but choosing informative, discriminating and independent features is a crucial step for effective algorithms in machine learning. Features are usually numeric and a set of numeric features can be conveniently described by a feature vector. Structural features such as strings, sequences and graphs are also used in areas such as natural language processing, computational biology, etc.
Feature engineering is the process of using domain knowledge of the data to create features that make machine learning algorithms work. Feature engineering is fundamental to the application of machine learning, and is both difficult and expensive. It requires the experimentation of multiple possibilities and the combination of automated techniques with the intuition and knowledge of the domain expert.
Generally speaking, there are two major types of attributes:
The data values are non-numeric categories. Examples: Blood type, Gender.
The data values are counts or numerical measurements. A quantitative variable can be either discrete such as the number of students receiving an 'A' in a class, or continuous such as GPA, salary and so on.
Another way of classifying data is by the measurement scales. In statistics, there are four generally used measurement scales:
Data values are non-numeric group labels. For example, Gender variable can be defined as male = 0 and female =1.
Data values are categorical and may be ranked in some numerically meaningful way. For example, strongly disagree to strong agree may be defined as 1 to 5.
Smile has four attribute types: NominalAttribute, NumericAttribute, DateAttribute, and StringAttribute. Many machine learning algorithms can only handle numeric attributes while a few such as decision trees can process nominal attribute directly. Date attribute is useful in plotting. With some feature engineering, values like day of week can be used as nominal attribute. String attribute could be used in text mining and natural language processing.
Most Smile algorithms take simple double[]
as input. But we often use
the encapsulation class AttributeDataset.
In fact, the output of most Smile data parsers is an AttributeDataset object.
AttributeDataset contains a fixed number of attributes. All attribute values are stored as double
even if the attribute may be nominal, ordinal, string, or date. The dataset is stored row-wise
internally, which is fast for frequently accessing instances of dataset.
A data object may have an associated class label (for classification) or real-valued response value (for regression). Optionally, a data object or attribute may have a (positive) weight value, whose meaning depends on applications. However, most machine learning methods are not able to utilize this extra weight information.
AttributeDataset may also contains meta data such as data name and descriptions.
Suppose we have an AttributeDataset object, which may be created by a parser. To feed
the data to a learning algorithm, we need to unwrap the data by the function
unzip
function. If the data also have labels, the function unzipInt
can be used to return a tuple (x, y)
, of which x
is an array of
feature vectors and y
is an array of labels. If the response variable is
real valued in case of regression, unzipDouble
can be used.
The feature vectors could be very sparse. To save space, SparseDataset stores data in a list of lists (LIL) sparse matrix format. SparseDataset stores one list per row, where each entry stores a column index and value. Typically, these entries are kept sorted by column index for faster lookup.
SparseDataset is often used to construct the data matrix. Once the matrix is constructed, it is typically converted to a format, such as Harwell-Boeing column-compressed sparse matrix format, which is more efficient for matrix operations.
The class BinarySparseDataset is more efficient for binary sparse data. In BinarySparseDataset, each item is stored as an integer array, which are the indices of nonzero elements in ascending order.
Smile provides a couple of parsers for popular data formats, such as Weka's ARFF files,
LibSVM's file format, delimited text files, and binary sparse data. We will demonstrate
these parsers with the sample data in the data
directory.
Weka ARFF (attribute relation file format) is an ASCII text file format that is essentially a CSV file with a header that describes the meta data. ARFF was developed for use in the Weka machine learning software.
A dataset is firstly described, beginning with the name of the dataset (or the relation in ARFF terminology). Each of the variables (or attribute in ARFF terminology) used to describe the observations is then identified, together with their data type, each definition on a single line. The actual observations are then listed, each on a single line, with fields separated by commas, much like a CSV file.
Missing values in an ARFF dataset are identified using the question mark '?'. Comments can be included in the file, introduced at the beginning of a line with a '%', whereby the remainder of the line is ignored.
A significant advantage of the ARFF data file over the CSV data file is the meta data information. Also, the ability to include comments ensure we can record extra information about the data set, including how it was derived, where it came from, and how it might be cited.
To read an ARFF file, smile.io
has the function
def readArff(file: String, responseIndex: Int = -1): AttributeDataset
where responseIndex
is the column index (starting at 0) of response variable.
The default value -1 means no response variable. In the directory data/weka
,
we have many sample ARFF files. Try the following code to load a dataset:
val data = readArff("data/weka/iris.arff", 4)
LibSVM is a very fast and popular library for support vector machines. LibSVM uses a sparse format where zero values do not need to be stored. Each line of a libsvm file is in the format:
<label> <index1>:<value1> <index2>:<value2> ...
where <label> is the target value of the training data. For classification, it should be an integer which identifies a class (multi-class classification is supported). For regression, it's any real number. For one-class SVM, it's not used so can be any number. <index> is an integer starting from 1, and <value> is a real number. The indices must be in an ascending order. The labels in the testing data file are only used to calculate accuracy or error. If they are unknown, just fill this column with a number.
To read a libsvm file, smile.io
has the function
def readLibsvm(file: String): SparseDataset
Although libsvm employs a sparse format, most libsvm files contain dense data. Therefore, Smile also provides helper functions to convert it to dense arrays.
val data = readLibsvm("data/libsvm/glass.txt")
val (x, y) = data.unzipInt
In case of truly sparse libsvm data, we can convert it to SparseMatrix
for more efficient matrix computation.
smile> val sparse = data.toSparseMatrix
sparse: smile.math.matrix.SparseMatrix = smile.math.matrix.SparseMatrix@73ad7e90
The delimited text files are widely used in machine learning research community. The comma-separated values (CSV) file is a special case. Smile provides flexible parser for them.
def readTable(file: String, response: Option[(Attribute, Int)] = None, delimiter: String = "\\s+", comment: String = "%", missing: String = "?", header: Boolean = false, rowNames: Boolean = false): AttributeDataset
def readCsv(file: String, response: Option[(Attribute, Int)] = None, comment: String = "%", missing: String = "?", header: Boolean = false, rowNames: Boolean = false): AttributeDataset
By default, the parser readTable
expects a white-space-separated-values file.
Each line in the file corresponds to a row in the table. Within a line,
fields are separated by white spaces, each field belonging to one table column.
The function readCsv
is a shortcut to readTable
with comma ',' as the delimiter
character. The file may contain comment lines (starting with '%') and missing values
(indicated by placeholder '?'), which both can be parameterized. Optionally, the file may also have
a header (e.g. the first row is column names) and the first column may be row id/names.
val label = new NominalAttribute("class")
val data = readTable("data/usps/zip.train", Some((label, 0)))
Smile can parse several popular microarray data format. A DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome.
In particular, we support GCT, PCL, RES, and TXT file formats.
def readGct(file: String): AttributeDataset
def readPcl(file: String): AttributeDataset
def readRes(file: String): AttributeDataset
def readTxt(file: String): AttributeDataset
The function readSparseData
can read sparse data in coordinate triple tuple list format.
def readSparseData(file: String, arrayIndexOrigin: Int = 0): SparseDataset
where arrayIndexOrigin
is the starting index of array. By default, it is
0 as in C/C++ and Java. But it could be 1 to parse data produced
by other programming language such as Fortran.
The coordinate file stores a list of (row, column, value) tuples:
instanceID attributeID value instanceID attributeID value instanceID attributeID value instanceID attributeID value ... instanceID attributeID value instanceID attributeID value instanceID attributeID value
Ideally, the entries are sorted (by row index, then column index) to improve random access times. This format is good for incremental matrix construction.
Optionally, there may be 2 header lines
D // The number of instances W // The number of attributes
or 3 header lines
D // The number of instances W // The number of attributes N // The total number of nonzero items in the dataset.
These header lines will be ignored.
The sample data data/text/kos.txt
is in the coordinate format.
val data = readSparseData("data/text/kos.txt")
The function readSparseMatrix
can read sparse matrix in Harwell-Boeing column-compressed format.
def readSparseMatrix(file: String): SparseMatrix
In the directory data/matrix
, there are several sample files in
the Harwell-Boeing format.
val data = readSparseMatrix("data/matrix/08blocks.txt")
In Harwell-Boeing column-compressed sparse matrix file, nonzero values are stored in an array (top-to-bottom, then left-to-right-bottom). The row indices corresponding to the values are also stored. Besides, a list of pointers are indexes where each column starts. This class supports two formats for Harwell-Boeing files. The simple one is organized as follows:
The first line contains three integers, which are the number of rows, the number of columns, and the number of nonzero entries in the matrix.
Following the first line, there are m + 1 integers that are the indices of columns, where m is the number of columns. Then there are n integers that are the row indices of nonzero entries, where n is the number of nonzero entries. Finally, there are n float numbers that are the values of nonzero entries.
The second format is more complicated and powerful, called Harwell-Boeing Exchange Format. For details, see http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/data/hb/hb.html. Note that our implementation supports only real-valued matrix and we ignore the optional right hand side vectors.
Smile can parse 3D wireframe models in Wavefront OBJ files.
def readWavefrontObj(file: String): (Array[Array[Double]], Array[Array[Int]])
In the directory data/wireframe
, there is a teapot wireframe model. In the
next section, we will learn how to visualize the 3D wireframe models.
val (vertices, edges) = readWavefrontObj("data/wireframe/teapot.obj")


Samsung Galaxy Watch Active 2 Under Armour edition now available in Canada
The watch includes premium access to MapMyRun for six months
by Dean DaleySamsung’s Galaxy Watch Active 2 Under Armour edition is now available in Canada.
The Under Armour edition includes unique features like cadence-based real-time coaching and premium access to MapMyRun, an ecosystem experience for runners. Buyers will get the MapMyRun access free for six months.
The watch is available at Samsung Experience Stores, online on Samsung’s website and the Source starting at $349.99 cAD for the 40mm variant and 379.99 for the larger 44mm version.
This variant only comes in black.


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% import 'bootstrap/wtf.html' as wtf %} {% block content %}
{{ pitch.pitch }}
by: {{ pitch.user.username }}
Comment By:{{ comment.user.username }}
{{ comment.comment }}


Urgent search for 17-year-old last seen outside Liam Gallagher gig at Newcastle arena
Family members have said that Joe Hogg was last seen without a top on and does not have his phone or any money
by Katie CollingsPolice are searching for a 17-year-old boy who has gone missing after Liam Gallagher's Newcastle concert.
Joe Hogg was reported missing late on Sunday night by frantic family members after last being seen at the Utilita Arena following the gig.
Officers are trying to locate Joe, believed to be from the Sunderland area, and are asking for anyone with information to get in touch.
Worried family members have said that Joe was last seen in the car park without a top on and does not have his phone or any money with him.
A spokesperson for Northumbria Police said: "We can confirm we are searching for missing 17-year-old Joseph Hogg who was reported missing from the Utilita Arena shortly after 11.30pm on November 17.
"Enquiries to locate him are ongoing and anyone with information about his whereabouts is asked to contact police on 101 quoting log 1128 171119."
The former Oasis frontman has also shared the appeal for information on the teen's whereabouts.


Introduction
The POCO C++ Libraries use a built system based on GNU Make on every platform capable of running it. This includes Linux, Mac OS X, virtually every other Unix platform, as well as Cygwin and MinGW on Windows.
Why GNU Make? Well, GNU Make is available virtually everywhere and it's usually readily available, such as on Linux and Mac OS X. Sure, there are more advanced build systems out there, but the philisophy for POCO is download — compile — go. Requiring the user to download and install another build tool just for getting POCO to work is unacceptable.
The build system consists of a number of make files, as well as a few supporting shell scripts. All core files are located within the build directory in the POCO distribution. For every library and executable, there is a small make file describing the kind of project, its input files, and the output.
The POCO build system automatically determines the dependencies between source and header files. This is done when a source file is compiled for the first time, or after a source file has been changed. This relieves the developer from the tedious task of maintining file dependencies manually - one of the biggest drawbacks of GNU Make.
Build System Features
The POCO build system supports the following features:
- building libraries, applications and plugins
- debug and release builds
- dynamic and static linking
- 32-bit and 64-bit builds
- automatic dependency detection
- easy to use
- support for cross-compiling for embedded platforms such as Embedded Linux or iOS
Build System Overview
The core of the build system consists of three different kinds of files — platform configuration files, make rules and shell scripts. All are located in the build directory within the POCO C++ Libraries root directory.
build/ config/ Darwin Linux HP-UX ... rules/ compile dylib exec global lib script/ makedepend.gcc makedepend.cxx makedepend.SunCC makeldpath projname shlibln ...
Configuration Files
Configuration files contain all the knowledge how the toolchain (compiler and linker) must be invoked for a given platform. Configuration files for the most common Unix platforms and their toolchains, as well as for Cygwin and MinGW are already part of POCO. Support for an additional platform (or a variation of a platform) can be added by creating a new (or copying and modifying) an existing build configuration file.
Configuration files are located in the build/config directory.
Rule Files
Rule files contain platform independent make rules for compiling and linking executables or (static and shared) libraries from source files, using the tools defined in a configuration file. Rule files are located in the build/rules directory.
Script Files
Script files are called by the build system's make files to do things that cannot be expressed in make files. For example, there are scripts for invoking a particular C++ compiler in such a way that it produces a list of dependencies for later inclusion by the build system. Script files are located in the build/script directory.
Filesystem Layout
Sources
The build system expects a project's files (header files, source files, Makefiles) to be in a certain directory layout. First, all project directories must be located in or under the same directory where the build directory is located, or in a directory below. All header files must be in the include directory (or a subdirectory of it). All source files must be in the src directory. Finally, there must be a Makefile (named Makefile) located in the project directory.
Below is a sample for a POCO source directory hierarchy:
poco/ build/ Foundation/ Net/ Util/ XML/ ... MyLib/ include/ MyLib.h MyClass.h src/ MyClass.cpp Makefile
Build Products
The POCO build system puts final build products (executables and libraries) and intermediate products (object files, dependency files) into certain directories. Unless specified otherwise (by setting the environment variable POCO_BUILD accordingly — see below), these directories are located within the source directory tree. All libraries are put into a directory with the path lib/<OSNAME>/<OSARCH>, within the POCO base directory. Executables are put into a directory with the path bin/<OSNAME>/<OSARCH>, within the project directory. Object files are put into a directory with the path obj/<OSNAME>/<OSARCH>, within the project directory. Dependency files are put into .dep/<OSNAME>/<OSARCH>, also within the project directory.
Unless specified otherwise (by setting the Makefile variables $(POCO_TARGET_OSNAME) and $(POCO_TARGET_OSARCH), <OSNAME> is the name of the host's operating system, as obtained by a call to uname (or something equivalent), and <OSARCH> is the name of the host's hardware architecture, as obtained by a call to uname -m (or something equivalent).
Taking into account the build products, a typical project hierarchy looks like this:
poco/ build/ lib/ Linux/ i686/ libCppUnit.so.1 libCppUnitd.so.1 libCppUnit.so libCppUnitd.so libPocoFouncation.so.1 ... Foundation/ ... testsuite/ ... bin/ Linux/ i686/ testrunner testrunnerd ... Net/ Util/ XML/ ... MyLib/ .dep/ Linux/ i686/ MyClass.d obj/ Linux/ i686/ MyClass.o include/ MyLib.h MyClass.h src/ MyClass.cpp Makefile
Project Makefiles
Depending on the kind of project, a project Makefile comes in one of three variants.
Library Makefiles
The Makefile for a library always looks like this:
# # Makefile for a library # include $(POCO_BASE)/build/rules/global objects = MyClass ... target = MyLib target_version = 1 target_libs = PocoFoundation ... include $(POCO_BASE)/build/rules/lib
Every Makefile always has to include $(POCO_BASE)/build/rules/global first. In the objects section, the source files (located in the src directory) must be specified. The file extension must not be included; the build system will find files ending in .cpp (C++ sources) and .c (C sources). target specifies the name of the library, target_version specifies the version number for the shared library. target_libs specifies the libraries required for linking the library.
Last in the Makefile is the inclusion of $(POCO_BASE)/build/rules/lib, which includes the rules for building a shared or static library.
Executable Makefiles
Makefiles for executables look similar to the ones for libraries.
# # Makefile for a library # include $(POCO_BASE)/build/rules/global objects = MyClass ... target = MyLib target_libs = PocoFoundation ... include $(POCO_BASE)/build/rules/exec
The only differences are the missing target_version entry, and the $(POCO_BASE)/build/rules/exec file, which is included instead of $(POCO_BASE)/build/rules/lib at the end of the Makefile.
Plugin Makefiles
Makefiles for plugins - shared libraries that are loadable dynamically at runtime - again look almost the same as Makefiles for ordinary libraries or executables.
# # Makefile for a library # include $(POCO_BASE)/build/rules/global objects = MyClass ... target = MyPlugin target_libs = PocoFoundation ... include $(POCO_BASE)/build/rules/dylib
The difference is the file that is included at the end of the Makefile: $(POCO_BASE)/build/rules/dylib.
Build System Reference
Postbuild Command
A Makefile can contain a so-called postbuild command — a shell command that will be executed when the target has been built successfully. To specify a postbuild command, define the variable postbuild in your Makefile, e.g.
# # Makefile for a library # include $(POCO_BASE)/build/rules/global objects = MyClass ... target = MyLib target_libs = PocoFoundation ... postbuild = echo "The build is done." include $(POCO_BASE)/build/rules/exec
Make Targets
Independently of which kind of product (library, executable, plugin) is being built, there are always five make targets available: Note that these targets are only available in project-level Makefiles, not the global Makefile.
clean
The clean target will remove all executable and intermediate object files, forcing a full rebuild with the next make.
all
all is the default target, used if no other target is specified. Depending on the current configuration, it will either build a statically linked or dynamically linked library/executable, or both.
static_debug
The static_debug target will build a statically linked debug version of the library or executable. Statically linked executables will be linked in the static subdirectory within the bin/<OSNAME>/<OSARCH> directory. Debug libraries and executables have a 'd' appended to their basename (e.g., MyLibd.so).
static_release
The static_release target will build a statically linked release version of the library or executable.
shared_debug
The shared_debug target will build a dynamically linked debug version of the library or executable. The library or executable will have the suffix d appended to its name (e.g., if target is MyExec, the actual name of the executable will be MyExecd).
shared_release
The shared_release target will build a dynamically linked release version of the library or executable.
Environment Variables
The POCO build system requires or uses certain environment variables to work properly.
POCO_BASE
POCO_BASE is required and specifies the directory where the POCO source tree is located.
POCO_BUILD
POCO_BUILD specifies the directory where the build system puts all intermediate build files (object files, dependency files) and build products (libraries and executables). Normally, these files are located within the POCO source tree. Setting POCO_BUILD allows to keep the POCO source tree clean and free of binaries.
POCO_CONFIG
POCO_CONFIG specifies the build configuration file (located in build/config) to use. Defaults to the output of uname if not specified.
POCO_TARGET_OSNAME and POCO_TARGET_OSARCH
POCO_TARGET_OSNAME and >*POCO_TARGET_OSARCH are used in cross builds, to specify the operating system name and hardware architecture of the target. These names is used to find the directory where intermediate object files and final build products are put. Intermediate files are always put into obj/<OSNAME>/<OSARCH> and final build products are put into lib/<OSNAME>/<OSARCH>, or bin/<OSNAME>/<OSARCH>, respectively. If POCO_TARGET_OSNAME is specified, its value becomes the value for <OSNAME>. If POCO_TARGET_OSARCH is specified, its value likewise becomes the value for <OSARCH>
The default value for <OSNAME> is the output of uname or a similar command. The default value for <OSARCH> is the output of uname -m or a similar command.
OSARCH_64BITS
If defined to 1, will force a 64 bit build on platforms that support 64 bit builds.
PROJECT_BASE
Setting this environment variable allows you to use the build system to build POCO-based libraries and executables outside the POCO_BASE directory hierarchy. Given a directory /projects containing a project directory MyProject (that is, /projects/MyProject), PROJECT_BASE must be set to /projects. Assuming /projects/MyProject/Makefile is available, you can change to the /projects/MyProject directory and invoke gmake to build your project. POCO_BASE must still be set and point to the POCO source tree, as usual.
Special Files
components
The build system requires a file named components being located in $(POCO_BASE). This file contains a list of project names, one per line. The contents of this file are used by the build system to automatically build include search paths. For example, if components has the following content:
Foundation XML Util Net
the following include search path options will be used for compiling:
- I$(POCO_BASE)/Foundation/include -I$(POCO_BASE)/XML/include -I$(POCO_BASE)/Util/include -I$(POCO_BASE)/Net/include
If a new library is being added to POCO, a corresponding entry should be made in the components file, so that the compiler can find its header files.
libversion
The content of the file libversion, located in $(POCO_BASE), will be stored in the variable $(LIBVERSION). This variable can be used in a Makefile as the value for the target_version variable.
Configuring the Build Process
The build process is configured by build configuration files, located in the build/config directory. Unless specified otherwise, by setting the POCO_CONFIG environment variable accordingly, the build system selects the build configuration file with the same name as the host's operating system (output of uname). If you need support for a new operating system, or just need to customize an existing configuration, you'll usually create a new build configuration file (by copying an existing one).
A typical build configuration file looks like this: # # $Id: //poco/1.3/build/config/Linux#4 $ # # Linux # # Make settings for Linux 2.6/gcc 3.3 # # # # General Settings # LINKMODE = SHARED # # Define Tools # CC = gcc CXX = g++ LINK = $(CXX) LIB = ar -cr RANLIB = ranlib SHLIB = $(CXX) -shared -Wl,-soname,$(notdir $@) -o $@ SHLIBLN = $(POCO_BASE)/build/script/shlibln STRIP = strip DEP = $(POCO_BASE)/build/script/makedepend.gcc SHELL = sh RM = rm -rf CP = cp MKDIR = mkdir -p # # Extension for Shared Libraries # SHAREDLIBEXT = .so.$(target_version) SHAREDLIBLINKEXT = .so # # Compiler and Linker Flags # CFLAGS = CFLAGS32 = CFLAGS64 = CXXFLAGS = -Wall -Wno-sign-compare CXXFLAGS32 = CXXFLAGS64 = LINKFLAGS = LINKFLAGS32 = LINKFLAGS64 = STATICOPT_CC = STATICOPT_CXX = STATICOPT_LINK = -static SHAREDOPT_CC = -fPIC SHAREDOPT_CXX = -fPIC SHAREDOPT_LINK = -Wl,-rpath,$(LIBPATH) DEBUGOPT_CC = -g -D_DEBUG DEBUGOPT_CXX = -g -D_DEBUG DEBUGOPT_LINK = -g RELEASEOPT_CC = -O2 -DNDEBUG RELEASEOPT_CXX = -O2 -DNDEBUG RELEASEOPT_LINK = -O2 # # System Specific Flags # SYSFLAGS = -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_REENTRANT -D_THREAD_SAFE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -DPOCO_HAVE_FD_EPOLL # # System Specific Libraries # SYSLIBS = -lpthread -ldl -lrt
The various settings in the build configuration file are described below.
General Settings
LINKMODE
This specifies the default link mode, which can have the values STATIC, SHARED or BOTH.
TOOL
For cross builds, TOOL specifies the prefix for the toolchain executables, e.g.
TOOL = arm-unknown-linux-gnu
TOOL can later be used in the tool section, as in:
CC = $(TOOL)-gcc CXX = $(TOOL)-g++ ...
POCO_TARGET_OSNAME and POCO_TARGET_OSARCH
The general settings section is also the right place to define POCO_TARGET_OSNAME and POCO_TARGET_OSARCH for cross builds.
Tool Definition
CC
CC specifies the command for invoking the C compiler.
CXX
CXX specifies the command for invoking the C++ compiler.
LINK
LINK specifies the command for invoking the link editor.
STRIP
STRIP specifies the command for invoking the strip utility.
LIB
LIB specifies the command for invoking the library archiver utility.
RANLIB
RANLIB specifies the command for invoking the library table of contents updater utility.
SHLIB
SHLIB specifies the command for creating shared libraries.
SHLIBLN
SHLIBLN specifies the command for creating shared library symbolic links (e.g. libPocoFoundation.so -> libPocoFoundation.so.1)
DEP
DEP specifies the command for creating or updating the dependencies. This is usually a shell script invoking the C/C++ compiler in a special way to generate a list of dependencies.
SHELL
SHELL specifies the command for invoking the POSIX shell.
RM
RM specifies the command for deleting files and directories.
CP
CP specifies the command for copying files.
MKDIR
MKDIR specifies the command for creating directories.
Shared Library Extensions
SHAREDLIBEXT
SHAREDLIBEXT specifies the extension for shared libraries. This usually includes a version number (e.g. .so.1).
SHAREDLIBLINKEXT
SHAREDLIBLINKEXT specifies the extension for shared library symbolic links. (e.g., .so)
Compiler and Linker Flags
CFLAGS
CFLAGS specifies additional flags passed to the C compiler.
CFLAGS32
CFLAGS32 specifies additional flags passed to the C compiler if compiling in 32 bit mode.
CFLAGS64
CFLAGS64 specifies additional flags passed to the C compiler if compiling in 64 bit mode.
CXXFLAGS
CXXFLAGS specifies additional flags passed to the C++ compiler.
CXXFLAGS32
CXXFLAGS32 specifies additional flags passed to the C++ compiler if compiling in 32 bit mode.
CXXFLAGS64
CXXFLAGS64 specifies additional flags passed to the C++ compiler if compiling in 64 bit mode.
LINKFLAGS
LINKFLAGS specifies additional flags passed to the linker.
LINKFLAGS32
LINKFLAGS32 specifies additional flags passed to the linker if compiling in 32 bit mode.
LINKFLAGS64
LINKFLAGS64 specifies additional flags passed to the linker if compiling in 64 bit mode.
STATICOPT_CC
STATICOPT_CC specifies additonal flags passed to the C compiler if compiling for static linking.
STATICOPT_CXX
STATICOPT_CXX specifies additonal flags passed to the C++ compiler if compiling for static linking.
STATICOPT_LINK
STATICOPT_LINK specifies additonal flags passed to the linker for static linking.
SHAREDOPT_CC
SHAREDOPT_CC specifies additonal flags passed to the C compiler if compiling for dynamic linking.
SHAREDOPT_CXX
SHAREDOPT_CXX specifies additonal flags passed to the C++ compiler if compiling for dynamic linking.
SHAREDOPT_LINK
SHAREDOPT_LINK specifies additonal flags passed to the linker for dynamic linking.
DEBUGOPT_CC
DEBUGOPT_CC specifies additional flags passed to the C compiler if compiling in debug mode.
DEBUGOPT_CXX
DEBUGOPT_CXX specifies additional flags passed to the C++ compiler if compiling in debug mode.
DEBUGOPT_LINK
DEBUGOPT_LINK specifies additional flags passed to the linker if linking in debug mode.
RELEASEOPT_CC
RELEASEOPT_CC specifies additional flags passed to the C compiler if compiling in release mode.
RELEASEOPT_CXX
RELEASEOPT_CXX specifies additional flags passed to the C++ compiler if compiling in release mode.
RELEASEOPT_LINK
RELEASEOPT_LINK specifies additional flags passed to the linker if linking in release mode.
System Specific Flags
SYSFLAGS
SYSFLAGS specifies flags passed to both the C and C++ compiler. This usually contains system-specific include paths and settings such as -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 or -D_THREAD_SAFE.
SYSLIBS
SYSLIBS specifies flags passed to the linker. Usually, this flags specify system-specific libraries, such as -lpthread or -ldl.


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Arches
On April 12, 1929, Arches became a National Monument.
Arches Visitor Center sits at just over 4,000 feet (1,219 m) in elevation.
The light opening beneath Delicate Arch is 46 feet (14 m) high.
Most of the sandstones in the park contain iron oxide.
Badlands
The name 'badlands' is believed to originate from the Lakota people.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt created Badlands National Monument by signing a proclamation.
Congress declared the monument Badlands National Park in 1978.
Snakes, including the prairie rattlesnake, are common in Badlands National Park.
Denali
Denali's peak is 20,310 feet above sea level, making it the highest mountain in North America.
Denali is located in Denali National Park and Preserve, which is more than 6 million acres in size.
n 1896 Denali was renamed Mount McKinley.
In 1975 the mountain was officially named Denali by the state of Alaska.
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Em Dashes, Parentheses, and Commas
Nov 7 2011Em dashes, parentheses, and commas set off parenthetical phrases in sentences. Each sets a distinct tone somewhere along the continuum of emphasis, with em dashes imparting the most emphasis to the phrase and parentheses imparting the least. Commas fall in the middle and are the most versatile of the three, minimizing interruption.
An em dash temporarily shifts the focus from the main body of the sentence and signals that the phrase contained therein is meant to further illustrate the point of the sentence and, perhaps, the paragraph. I am particularly partial to em dashes in legal writing as tools of persuasion and flow. Em dashes give the reader a moment to pause and prepare to focus on the phrase to come. If used correctly, the em dash can highlight a key concept or phrase used throughout the paragraph and help the reader draw connections leading to the conclusion. Em dashes can also be used to reemphasize a point without being repetitive. For example, the phrase contained within the em dashes in the following sentence restates the right the author is discussing and simultaneously qualifies the statutes:
It is well-established that the EPC protects the right to equal employment opportunity regardless of gender. Indeed, Title VII and the Family Medical Leave Act (“FMLA”)—two federal statutes with the goal of achieving equal employment opportunity for women—were enacted to enforce this constitutional right.
Additionally, in a sentence unavoidably long or complex, substituting commas with an em dash can eliminate confusion. Doing so also breaks up the monotony of the sentence. Take the following sentence as an example:
In both contexts, statutes—the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) and Title VII, respectively—make it an unlawful employment practice for an employer not to make reasonable accommodations, short of undue hardship, for the disabilities or religious practices of its employees.
If the em dashes were replaced with commas, the sentence would be wrought with them and might cause a reader to stumble or reread the sentence. By using an em dash, the writer also signals that the reader should take note of the specific statutes to which she refers, presumably because they are somehow relevant to the overall piece.
By contrast, parentheses are used to signify a tangential thought that is less integral to the point of the sentence, but perhaps clarifies or comments on the main body of the sentence. If the em dashes in the first example were replaced with parentheses, it would seem unimportant to the argument that Title VII and FMLA are federal statutes enacted to enforce employment rights. The reader might not pay attention to this point. Likewise, replacing the em dashes with parentheses in the second example would give the impression that the specific statutes are not necessarily important, but, perhaps, interesting.
Because parentheses usually contain tangential ideas, a temptation to use parentheses in legal writing should be carefully examined. The tangential idea contained in parentheses almost by definition has little persuasive value. Worse, it might be distracting or come off as snarky to the reader. If the idea contained in a parenthetical is important enough to be included, it probably can and should be included without parentheses so that it gets the full emphasis it deserves.
Finally, commas, the most common of these tools, seem to have an endless amount of uses. When used like em dashes or parentheses, they signal a clarification that flows smoothly from the main sentence body, to the phrase, and back to the main body again. The phrase “short of undue hardship” in the first example above illustrates this. The phrase, which qualifies an employer’s duty, deserves to be closely integrated with the sentence’s main body. Unless the writer is trying to make the point, for instance, that an employer was unduly burdened, the phrase should also not be highlighted relative to the other parts of the sentence.
Ultimately, which of these punctuation marks is used is determined by style and flow of the sentence and overall piece. It requires the writer to know what should be emphasized and deemphasized and listen carefully and critically to the writing.


org.drip.state.estimator
Classes
CreditCurveScenarioGenerator
CurveStretch
GlobalControlCurveParams
LinearCurveCalibrator
LocalControlCurveParams
NonlinearCurveCalibrator
PredictorResponseWeightConstraint
RatesCurveScenarioGenerator
RatesSegmentSequenceBuilder
SmoothingCurveStretchParams
StretchRepresentationSpec


Hi!! Please set your device so that your entire body fits in the video box below and start doing some squats. Your score is:


So who is a Web Developer? If you watch them for a while you will notice couple things. For small periods, they can live off caffeine but more impressively, they will endure hours and hours of frustration and torment all for that glorious moment when — Boom! — everything comes together and works perfectly. (Until the next Chrome update!) Two things I can never part with, coffee and coding. About the second one, I have been in the pursuit of being a better developer since 2019. My academic major was Computer Hardware Engineering and I graduated from Cal State Fullerton back in 2017. Later, I decided to step into web development world and when I got to learn JavaScript, React and web design tools, I felt like I do not want to do anything else. I am passionate about front-end web development and I am confident that I'll be an asset to your organization. As someone who is highly focused and attentive to details, I enjoy being challenged and engaging with projects that require me to work outside my comfort and knowledge set, as continuing to learn new languages and development techniques and tools are important to me and the success of your organization.
I have done numerous projects and below I describe some of them in details.
View ResumeUsing the powerful JavaScript library, React, I built this fully responsive web application. This project contains a list of uniquely generated robots using robohash.org. User can use the search bar at the top to look up their favorite Robo character!!!
Simplicity is key to brilliance! The idea of making a simple but yet modern landing page crossed my mind. This is when the power of CSS3 came to play . I used CSS3 to design the front page and a third party server to create a sign up form and collect subscriber's email address.
This is a sample template that could be used for any company that need a simple yet convinient page. It is designed with CSS3 and Flexbox. The header and layout are fixed so all they have to do is spice it up with thier own content and they are good to go!
This app generates random quotes each time the user asks for it. They can also share their favorite quote on their Twitter account. Fetching APIs, whether it's local or from an online source, is one the most frequently used techniques in JS development.
As the title suggests, in this project, the user is able to scroll the page to infinity! Using the Unsplash API, the pages keeps fetching the high quality photos from Unsplash. Every time that the scroll hits the buttom, the new photos are fetched and the fetching goes on!
Ever wondered how to make a project that displays a video or photos into another page? Well, here it is! In this project, the user can play a video while he is in another page. Using the picture in picture API, the user first select the chrome tab that he or she wants to be played, then after hitting the start button he can see and also control the size of the video display.
This is one of my favorites and I named it Crown Clothing! I built this clothing shopping application with React and Redux.js. I used the powerful Google's Firebase for user's database. Users can sign up with a ID and password or log in with their google account. They can also add items to their shopping cart and checkout. The payment process is powered by Stripe, which is the most popular online payment processing platform.
Thanks for dropping by :)
Talk to Me


I am an CS Undergrad || Shiksha 'O' Anusandhan University (ITER).I am into Programming,Problem Solving, Developing and Designing. Apart from that have a keen interest in photography and writing. I like to help others in a way of self-learning.
I have a keen interest in Coding Languages. Now i am learning web development.
I am never tired of playing Football. I am a fan of football because I personally enjoy playing the game and have been playing the sport since I was a kid. Since I do play the sport, every game I get to enjoy the little nuances that others who do not may be missing out on and it only piques my interest for the sport even more.


As with any technology things can go wrong. Here we discuss problems we are aware of. Please send email to Ken Kahn<EMAIL_ADDRESS>if you encounter any problems or have questions.
The guide has been well-tested on Chrome. Some problems have been observed with FireFox and Safari so switch to Chrome (or Edge) if you encounter problems or very slow responses.
The first time the guide is loaded into the browser it should ask for permission to use the microphone or camera. If you need to change the permission then read this help page by Google.
We have occasionally seen where a program that generates speech successfully suddenly stops generating sound. Saving your work, closing the tab, and then reopening the tab seems to fix this.
Training a computer to recognise images runs quickly on modern PCs because it is able to use the GPU that is part of nearly all computers. There is a GPU on a Raspberry Pi but you may find it runs very slowly. On a laptop training takes 100 to 200 milliseconds per image and prediction takes 40 to 60 milliseconds. On an Android phone training ranges from 60 to 1500 milliseconds and prediction takes 1.1 to 1.3 seconds. On a Raspberry Pi training takes 80 to 250 seconds and prediction 100 to 2500 seconds (2 or 3 minutes is typical). At the time of writing this developers are actively working on the Android version of deep learning and not all examples work yet.
Sometimes after many remaking of models or repeated training sessions it begins to predict zero for everything. Saving your work and reloading the web page seems to fix the problem. This chapter has been well-tested on Chrome on PCs and may or may not work on tablets and smart phones.
The Raspberry Pi may think there are multiple audio devices. Right clicking on the speaker volume icon should display alternative devices.
Depending upon the kind of microphone connected (internal or USB) the browser may not know how to access the microphone.
You may need to launch Chromium with an argument describing the alsa-input-device:
chromium-browser --alsa-input-device=...
The Raspberry Pi cannot run Chrome but can run Chromium instead. One of the few ways in which Chromium differs from Chrome is that it has no builtin voices. The easiest workaround is to rely upon the MARY TTS speech blocks instead.


Reconciliotastic is proof-of-concept software showing a phylotastic approach to the reconciliation problem. A phylogeny of genes (proteins) may reflect duplications, losses, and lateral transfers. "Reconciling" a gene tree with a species tree reveals these events, but only if you can get a species tree-- that's where phylotastic comes in. When you select a gene tree and click the "run demo" button:
Reconcili-o-tastic is a web2py application that relies on code written in Javascript (and JQuery), Python, and Java:
The outputs of this software reflect two types of inputs:
Reconcili-o-tastic is open-source software. Instructions for downloading the code and creating your own implementation are in the README file on github.
Does this software seem useful to you? Do you have a project that might benefit from software like Reconcili-o-tastic? Whether you consider yourself a potential user, or a potential developer, please let us know what you think of this project. Currently this is an unfunded, unstaffed project. We are looking for ways to develop it further, including collaborations with funded projects as well as new sources of funding. Community feedback is essential.
Send feedback to Arlin Stoltzfus<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or post a message to the Hackathons, Interoperability, Phylogenies mailing list at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>On Day 1 of the 1st Phylotastic hackathon, Mark Holder argued for the importance of producing something "shiny". Team Shiny, consisting of Christopher Baron, Holly Bik, Meg Pirrung, Arlin Stoltzfus and Christian Zmasek, took on the task of designing and implementing compelling user-oriented demonstrations, including Reconciliotastic. For more information, see the wiki.
Reconciliotastic was designed by Team Shiny and implemented initially by Christopher Baron, Meg Pirrung and Christian Zmasek, with subsequent modifications by Greg Jordan and Arlin Stoltzfus.
We thank the Hackathons, Interoperability, Phylogenies (HIP) working group for organizing the hackathon. We thank the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) for hosting the hackathon. We thank NESCent, iPlant and EOL BioSync for providing financial support for the hackathon.


Ocean [al57], ocean, in The Inner Sea
Last updated Turn #80
Ocean [al57], ocean, in The Inner Sea
------------------------------------------------------------------------
15: Groucho [hu9z], ship, 10 hulls, 1 rowing port, 30 sails, with ram,
15: arrived from Mosquito Fens [al58], owner:
15: Kijaro [u4q], Pen, with one worker, 32 sailors
15: Biguah [k7h], Imperial Empire, with 16 nazgul, accompanied by:
15: Piadora [v3y], Imperial Empire, with 16 nazgul
15: Chewbacca [w2h], Imperial Empire, the High Priest of the Church
15: of Timeid [154], with ten angels
15: Ynko [s5q], Imperial Empire, priest of the Church of Dol [153],
15: with four nazgul
16: Groucho [hu9z], ship, 10 hulls, 1 rowing port, 30 sails, with ram,
16: departed for Ocean [al56].
Routes leaving Ocean:
North, to Ocean [ak57], 6 days
East, swamp, to Mosquito Fens [al58], Imperia, 2 days
South, to Ocean [am57], 6 days
West, to Ocean [al56], 6 days


Paint makes a mess. Code is so much cleaner. Use this project to recreate a classic Modern artwork, Piet Mondrian’s Composition II in Red, Blue, and Yellow in your browser using basic web building blocks.
A great project for: Modern art buffs, aspiring art forgers and anyone that is interested in drawing with nothing but code.
If you’re new to Coder and unsure how to start you might want to take a quick step back. Check out this other Coder Project for more help getting started.
A good introduction to Coder as well as Basic HTML and CSS. If you’ve never written code before or if you don’t know the difference between HTML and CSS this might be a better place to start.
As always, let’s start by making a new Project in Glitch. You may want to rename it to easily come back to it later.
Before we do anything else lets give our selves a nice big wall to hang our painting.
Our HTML code looks like this:

Our CSS code looks like this:
body, html { background-color: #f6f6f6; }
Let’s make a big box. This will be the canvas for our code painting and the container we will put everything else we will make into. To make our painting we will be using two new concepts: #id and
.
The new CSS code we added looks like this:
#painting { background-color: #fff4db; width: 400px; height: 400px; margin-top: 30px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; box-shadow: 10px 10px 0px #8d8d8d; }
Now let’s add that style to an element on our HTML page.
Our HTML looks like this:

Divs are tags that help divide and segment a page. You can think of them like boxes that can be styled and positioned using CSS. You can also put stuff inside them, such as text, pictures, and even other divs. They are the basic building blocks of any website and a fundamental part of this project. So get ready to make a lot of them.
Now that we have our basic structure, it’s time to define the structure of our painting. It’s very helpful to plan out and divide the work into sections before we begin coding. Positioning and dividing up boxes with DIVs and CSS is much easier if you’ve already done the math.
We will be thinking about the works as rows, columns, and boxes. Each one of these will have their own CSS #id and one or more corresponding HTML
s. Some of them will be visible and colored. Others will be invisible but serve to hold the boxes in proper position and alignment.
Here’s an illustration of how how these divisions will work and what the measurements for our finished piece will be:
We’ll start by making our top row the one with the big box on the right and two smaller boxes on the left.
Our CSS looks like this:
#toprow { height: 290px; }
Our HTML looks like this:

Alright, now let’s start adding some of those boxes we talked about. We’ll start with the biggest, most colorful one of them all: the big red box in the upper right.
Our HTML looks like this:

The CSS addition looks like this:
#bigbox { width: 290px; height: 290px; }
Now let’s give that box some color! Now you’re probably thinking we could just add a background-color attribute to the #bigbox id we already created, and you would be correct! That would get the job done pretty well. But remember we want to give multiple boxes the same color later in the project. For that a CSS .class will be a better choice.
Classes are similar to the #id styles we’ve been working with except the same class can be used to style multiple elements, including DIVs that already have #ids in our layout. That will make more sense in just a bit. Let’s make that .class first.
.red { background-color: red; }
If you’d prefer more control and variation in color you can use a hex value.
.red { background-color: #cc3333; }
To apply the .red class to our #bigbox DIV, simply add the text class="red" to its tag in HTML.

.red { background-color: red; } .blue { background-color: blue; } .yellow { background-color: yellow; } .black { background-color: black; }
You probably noticed the big red box is on the wrong side. These things happen. Web elements will default to the upper left if they aren’t assigned any other positioning. Let’s move this box to the place its supposed to go.
There are many different ways of positioning an element the but method we will be using is called float. It makes things move (or float) either right or left until they bump into something. Normally a DIV will position itself underneath the previous element, but when DIVs are "floated", they can align side-by-side until there is no more space and they are forced to wrap.
Here's the relevant CSS:
.right { float: right; }
And here's what changed in the HTML:

Note that an element can only have a single #id, but it can have more than one .class.
Floated elements will stack up against each other. This means if we give all the boxes in our rows the .right .class they will float up next to each other and form a nice horizontal row. That’s what we want for the next step.
Now let’s add one of those black bars. We’ll add them the same way we added the big red box. Make a new #id for the top divider and assign a color and position class to it in the HTML. our divider is 10px wide and 290px tall.
Our CSS code looks like this:
#divider1 { height: 290px; width: 10px; }
And our HTML: (keep an eye out if you are "inside" another div or not!)

Now let’s make a column, called #topleftcolumn. We will be putting three boxes in it, two with the .mediumbox class, and a horizontal #divider2 in between.
#topleftcolumn won't be visible, but it helps position and stack those three boxes vertically within that last bit of the row.

Our CSS additions look like:
.mediumbox { width: 100px; height: 140px; } #divider2 { height: 10px; width: 100px; }
Since the two boxes are the exact same size we can use one .class for both of them instead of using a unique #id.
This is just another black divider, but it's not inside #toprow.
Here's the HTML markup. Can you figure out the CSS?

Now you’re ready to do the last row your self. You have all the pieces and knowledge at your disposal. The process is the same as the top row we just completed just with different sizes and colors. Hint: you can use a different value for float, do you remember what it is?
You’re done! Doesn’t it look great? Actually, maybe it doesn’t look that great. Maybe you want to make it wilder, add more colors or change the ones that are already there. Good thing that’s easy to do. Go back into the CSS tab and start changing the values of the color classes we made. If you’re feeling really crazy, maybe change some box sizes or add new ones. See if you can make it a whole new painting.
Congrats on the finished piece. If you’re interested in taking your new found Modern art skills to the next level try some of the exercises below.
So far we’ve been dealing with pixel dimensions on everything. What happens if we change height and width to percents? Can you create a Mondrian-style image that fills the entire browser and scales to any dimension the window takes?
Still digging on Mondrian? Why not try to recreate one of his most famous paintings, Broadway Boogie Woogie right next to the painting we just made? Get ready. It’s got a lot of squares.
Like drawing with code? There’s more than just CSS/HTML and static blocks. Try these other coder projects to make more cool things and learn more useful stuff.
Note: Remember, if the tutorials have been converted for the Glitch IDE the "Open Project" button will be yellow, otherwise they are purple and will lead you to the original Coder for Pi website.
Make a simple game to play with your friends and family. See if you can find all the penguins without waking the yeti!
Open ProjectGot a story to tell? Have some great text and images you want to put together? This project will give you the pieces to turn them into a webcomic while teaching you some new skills along the way.
Open Project


SCONJ
: subordinating conjunction
This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation
for SCONJ
.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Gothic)
There are 27 SCONJ
lemmas (1%), 36 SCONJ
types (0%) and 1385 SCONJ
tokens (3%).
Out of 14 observed tags, the rank of SCONJ
is: 7 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 10 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent SCONJ
lemmas: ei, þatei, jabai, unte, þan, biþe, ibai, miþþanei, nibai, swaswe
The 10 most frequent SCONJ
types: ei, þatei, jabai, unte, þan, biþe, ibai, miþþanei, swaswe, iþ
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ei (SCONJ 402, ADV 11), þatei (SCONJ 332, ADV 2), jabai (SCONJ 222, CCONJ 2), unte (SCONJ 172, ADV 131), þan (ADV 366, SCONJ 60), biþe (SCONJ 47, ADV 5), ibai (ADV 33, SCONJ 18), swaswe (ADV 127, SCONJ 15), iþ (CCONJ 446, SCONJ 10), þande (SCONJ 10, ADV 2)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ei (SCONJ 402, ADV 10), þatei (SCONJ 321, PRON 137, ADV 2), jabai (SCONJ 220, CCONJ 2), unte (SCONJ 171, ADV 131), þan (ADV 366, SCONJ 60), biþe (SCONJ 44, ADV 4), ibai (ADV 32, SCONJ 17), swaswe (ADV 127, SCONJ 15), iþ (CCONJ 441, SCONJ 10), niba (ADV 22, SCONJ 10)
- ei
- þatei
- jabai
- unte
- þan
- biþe
- ibai
- swaswe
- iþ
- niba
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of SCONJ
is 1.333333 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.517954).
The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “þatei”: þammei, þatei, þizei.
The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “biþe”: biþe, biþeh.
The 3rd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “duþe”: duþe, duþþe.
SCONJ
does not occur with any features.
Relations
SCONJ
nodes are attached to their parents using 6 different relations: got-dep/mark (1319; 95% instances), got-dep/ccomp (40; 3% instances), got-dep/advmod (14; 1% instances), got-dep/csubj:pass (6; 0% instances), got-dep/appos (4; 0% instances), got-dep/conj (2; 0% instances)
Parents of SCONJ
nodes belong to 7 different parts of speech: VERB (1331; 96% instances), NOUN (20; 1% instances), ADJ (14; 1% instances), SCONJ (10; 1% instances), PRON (6; 0% instances), ADV (3; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances)
1339 (97%) SCONJ
nodes are leaves.
23 (2%) SCONJ
nodes have one child.
13 (1%) SCONJ
nodes have two children.
10 (1%) SCONJ
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a SCONJ
node is 6.
Children of SCONJ
nodes are attached using 12 different relations: got-dep/conj (24; 29% instances), got-dep/cc (22; 26% instances), got-dep/advmod (21; 25% instances), got-dep/obl (4; 5% instances), got-dep/discourse (3; 4% instances), got-dep/nsubj (3; 4% instances), got-dep/fixed (2; 2% instances), got-dep/advcl (1; 1% instances), got-dep/iobj (1; 1% instances), got-dep/mark (1; 1% instances), got-dep/obj:dir (1; 1% instances), got-dep/xcomp (1; 1% instances)
Children of SCONJ
nodes belong to 8 different parts of speech: CCONJ (22; 26% instances), VERB (21; 25% instances), ADV (18; 21% instances), SCONJ (10; 12% instances), NOUN (6; 7% instances), PRON (5; 6% instances), ADJ (1; 1% instances), NUM (1; 1% instances)
SCONJ in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]


About_me
My Ambition
“On average, ambitious people attain higher levels of education and income, build more prestigious careers, and report higher overall levels of life satisfaction,” says Neel Burton, psychiatrist and author of Heaven and Hell: The Psychology of the Emotions. “Many of man’s greatest achievements are the products, or accidents, of their ambition.” Always in my whole life i thinking how to be special in every place i go ,i must given a good ambition but after i graduated and do my best in school and unviersity i was shocked by the reailty there is no jobs chance . and i get depression after three years of my graduated and that does not helpfull in my sutation . so i decided to get more deep in my major so i took a lots of course but it still not working so i decided to get more skills far away from my major so i start studying a software developer hopply that will being usefull one day . i hope i will be a creative person one day and being proud .
Funny Fact
Wonderfully Weird Facts That Will Make You Question Everything.
Top Rated Movies
1-Law abiding citizen
2-The Godfather
3-The Godfather: Part II
4- Fight Club
5- Forrest Gump
6- Inception
7-The Matrix
8-City of God
9- Spirited Away
10-Hara-Kiri


{% if report_template is defined %} {% extends report_template %} {% block report_title %}
This report can be downloaded as a standalone HTML file, standalone HTML file without timeseries or PDF file. The download is a ZIP archive that includes checksums for the report file and a PGP signature that can be used to verify the authenticity of the report. The Solar Forecast Arbiter PGP key ID is 0x22bd497c0930f8b0.
{% endblock %} {% endif %}


This is the information you will need to know to pay for your spot at TEDxSVSU
SATURDAY, AUGUST 1, 2015
Tickets!Call<PHONE_NUMBER>. Tickets are available now, but seats are very limited. Only 100 tickets will be sold in total. Whether you pay by check or by credit card, please call to confirm your seat.
General admission ticket prices are $25 for attendees. Seating is free for volunteers, speakers, exhibitors and sponsors.
Preferred form of payment is by check. Please make check payable to Saginaw Valley State University, referencing TEDxSVSU in the memo line. You can mail your $25 check to:
Saginaw Valley State University
Attn: Sponsored Programs
7400 Bay Road
Zahnow 228
University Center, MI 48710
If you prefer to pay by credit card, that payment will need to be made by telephone. Please call Sponsored Programs,<PHONE_NUMBER> and reference TEDxSVSU. Saginaw Valley State University will accept payment by VISA, Mastercard, and Discover, they will not accept American Express. You will be required to provide your name, credit card number, three digit security code, expiration date, address to mail receipt to (zip code required), and phone number in case of any issues.


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Plays: {{song.numberOfPlays}}
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PLScenes (Planet Labs Scenes), Data V1 API
New in version 2.2.
The driver supports read-only operations to list scenes and their metadata as a vector layer per item-types: "PSOrthoTile", "REOrthoTile", "PSScene3Band", "PSScene4Band", "REScene", "Landsat8L1G", "Sentinel2L1C". It can also access raster scenes.
Driver capabilities
Supports Georeferencing
This driver supports georeferencing
Dataset name syntax
The minimal syntax to open a datasource is :
PLScenes:[options]
Additional optional parameters can be specified after the ':' sign. Currently the following one is supported :
version=data_v1: To specify the API version to request.
api_key=value: To specify the Planet API KEY. It is mandatory, unless it is supplied through the open option API_KEY, or the configuration option
PL_API_KEY
.follow_links=YES/NO: Whether assets links should be followed for each scene (vector). Getting assets links require a HTTP request per scene, which might be costly when enumerating through a lot of products. Defaults to NO.
scene=scene_id: To specify the scene ID, when accessing raster data. Optional for vector layer access.
itemtypes=name: To specify the item types name. Optional for vector layer access. Mandatory for raster access.
asset=value: To specify the asset type (for raster fetching). Default is "visual". Optional for vector layer access. If the option is not specified and the 'visual' asset category does not exist for the scene (or if the value is set to 'list'), the returned dataset will have subdatasets for the available asset categories.
medata=YES/NO: (Raster only) Whether scene metadata should be fetch from the API and attached to the raster dataset. Defaults to YES.
If several parameters are specified, they must be separated by a comma.
Open options
The following open options are available :
VERSION=value: Defaults to
DATA_V1
. To specify the API version to request.API_KEY=value: To specify the Planet API KEY.
FOLLOW_LINKS=[YES/NO]: Defaults to
NO
. Whether assets links should be followed for each scene (vector). Getting assets links require a HTTP request per scene, which might be costly when enumerating through a lot of products.SCENE=<scene_id>: To specify the scene ID, when accessing raster data. Optional for vector layer access.
ITEMTYPES=<name>: To specify the item types name. Optional for vector layer access. Mandatory for raster access.
ASSET=value: Defaults to
visual
. To specify the asset type (for raster fetching). Optional for vector layer access. If the option is not specified and the 'visual' asset category does not exist for the scene (or if the value is set to 'list'), the returned dataset will have subdatasets for the available asset categories.RANDOM_ACCESS=[YES/NO]: Defaults to
YES
. Whether raster should be accessed in random access mode (but with potentially not optimal throughput). If NO, in-memory ingestion is done.ACTIVATION_TIMEOUT=seconds: Defaults to
3600
. Number of seconds during which to wait for asset activation (raster).METADATA=[YES/NO]: Defaults to
YES
. (Raster only) Whether scene metadata should be fetched from the API and attached to the raster dataset.
Configuration options
The following configuration options are available:
PL_API_KEY=value: To specify the Planet API key.
PLSCENES_PAGE_SIZE=value: Defaults to
250
. Chunk size for fetching features. Maximum value is 250.
Attributes
The layer field definition is built from the "plscensconf.json" file in the GDAL configuration. The links to downloadable products are in asset_XXXXX_location attributes where XXXXX is the asset category id, when they are active. Otherwise they should be activated by sending a POST request to the URL in the asset_XXXXX_activate_link attribute (what the raster driver does automatically)
Geometry
The footprint of each scene is reported as a MultiPolygon with a longitude/latitude WGS84 coordinate system (EPSG:4326).
Filtering
The driver will forward any spatial filter set with SetSpatialFilter() to the server. It also makes the same for simple attribute filters set with SetAttributeFilter(). Note that not all attributes support all comparison operators. Refer to comparator column in Metadata properties
Paging
Features are retrieved from the server by chunks of 250 by default (and
this is the maximum value accepted by the server). This number can be
altered with the PLSCENES_PAGE_SIZE
configuration
option.
Vector layer (scene metadata) examples
Listing all scenes available (with the rights of the account) :
ogrinfo -ro -al "PLScenes:" -oo API_KEY=some_value
or
ogrinfo -ro -al "PLScenes:api_key=some_value"
or
ogrinfo -ro -al "PLScenes:" --config PL_API_KEY some_value
Listing all scenes available on PSOrthoTile item types, under a point of (lat,lon)=(40,-100) :
ogrinfo -ro -al "PLScenes:" -oo API_KEY=some_value PSOrthoTile -spat -100 40 -100 40
Listing all scenes available within a bounding box (lat,lon)=(40,-100) to (lat,lon)=(39,-99)
ogrinfo -ro -al "PLScenes:" -oo API_KEY=some_value -spat -100 40 -99 39
Listing all scenes available matching criteria :
ogrinfo -ro -al "PLScenes:" -oo API_KEY=some_value PSOrthoTile -where "acquired >= '2015/03/26 00:00:00' AND cloud_cover < 10"
List all downloadable scenes:
ogrinfo -ro -al -q "PLScenes:" -oo API_KEY=some_value PSOrthoTile -where "permissions='assets:download'"
Raster access
Scenes can be accessed as raster datasets, provided that the scene ID is
specified with the 'scene' parameter / SCENE
open option. The
'itemtypes' parameter / ITEMTYPES
open option must also be specified.
The asset type (visual, analytic, ...) can be specified with the 'asset'
parameter / ASSET
open option. The scene id is the content of the value
of the 'id' field of the features.
If the product is not already generated on the server, it will be
activated, and the driver will wait for it to be available. The length
of this retry can be configured with the ACTIVATION_TIMEOUT
open option.
Raster access examples
Displaying raster metadata :
gdalinfo "PLScenes:scene=scene_id,itemtypes=itemypes,asset=analytic" -oo API_KEY=some_value
or
gdalinfo "PLScenes:" -oo API_KEY=some_value -oo ITEMTYPES=itemtypes -oo SCENE=scene_id -oo ASSET=analytic
Converting/downloading a whole file:
gdal_translate "PLScenes:" -oo API_KEY=some_value -oo SCENE=scene_id \
-oo ITEMTYPES=itemtypes -oo ASSET=analytic -oo RANDOM_ACCESS=NO out.tif


Have a single point of contact for your side project
Written by Regis Freyd and published on February 25, 2020
When your side project gains traction, alongside with being flooded by feature requests, you will receive requests to open a Slack community, or a forum, or to have a newsletter, or to use GitHub issues, or to have a dedicated Twitter account. You will also be tempted to record every feature request — because, well, it’s tempting.
Don’t.
If you work on a side project, you will fight every minute of your life to find the time to work on it. You probably have a full-time job, a spouse and/or kids, friends and life in general. Finding 1 or 2 hours per day to work on your passion is tough, and precious.
Do you really want to spend this time maintaining a lot of channels to talk to your community? Don’t get me wrong: having a community around your project is essential. However, the cost of having too many official channels is enormous and drains a lot of attention and energy — energy that you will not spend on doing what you loved in the first place: working on the core of your side project. The more communication channels you have, the more people will /steal/ your time by flooding you with requests or support questions. And as you are kind, you will try to please them — but this is endless.
For your side project, keep one official channel of communication. It could be the GitHub issues of your project or your own Twitter account. That’s it. Communicate with your community through that channel. And focus on your product. When you will find more time to dedicate to it (because the project generates revenues for instance), you will be able to offer other forms of communication. This time will come. But for now, stay sane.
Regis Freyd is a full-stack developer and product manager living in Montreal. He’s the author of the popular open source personal CRM Monica. You should follow him on Twitter.
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Pull the tiles with the same value on each other to double up and reach 2048!
Earn points by joining the tiles and beat your best score!
- Swipe, click or use the arrows/wasd keys on your keyboard
- Use the menu buttons to restart the current game or choose a different game size
- With the sound on/off button you can play or stop a song
- To return to this information, click on the ? button
Little history:
"2048 is a single-player sliding block puzzle game designed by Italian web developer Gabriele Cirulli .
2048 was originally written in JavaScript and CSS during a weekend, and released on March 9, 2014, as free and open-source software subject to the MIT license."
From Wikipedia