Importing LDAP Users
- Introduction
- Attribute Synchronization
- Running the command
- Scheduling the command
- Programmatically Executing
- Single Users
- Command Options
- Additional Tips
Introduction
LdapRecord-Laravel allows you to import users from your LDAP directories into your local database.
This is done by executing the php artisan ldap:import
command and is only available to LDAP
authentication providers you configure with database synchronization.
As it is with signing users into your application, the Eloquent database model you specify in your
config/auth.php
file is used for the creation and retrieval of users in your database.
Attribute Synchronization
The sync_attributes
you define inside of your config/auth.php
file for your provider are used
for importing and synchronizing users. Be sure to look at the documentation
to get a further understanding on what is possible with this option.
Password Synchronization
The sync_passwords
option you define inside of your config/auth.php
file is used when importing
and synchronizing users. However, there are some main takeaways you must be aware of:
- Passwords cannot be retrieved from users who are being imported from your LDAP server.
This would be a major security risk if this were possible. If a password is already set for the user being imported, it will be left untouched. This is to retain a possible synchronized password that was set upon login. - Passwords will always be set to a hashed 16 character string if not already present.
If the user being imported does not have a password, their password will be set to a hashed 16 character random string usingStr::random
. - Passwords will not be set if you have defined
false
forpassword_column
.
Running the command
To run the command you must insert the provider
name that you have setup for LDAP database synchronization
inside of your config/auth.php
file. Let's walk through an example.
In our application we have a configured authentication provider named ldap
:
'providers' => [
// ...
'ldap' => [
// ...
'database' => [
// ...
],
],
],
We will then insert the providers name into our import command and execute it:
php artisan ldap:import ldap
You will then be asked after a successful search in your directory:
Found 2 user(s).
Would you like to display the user(s) to be imported / synchronized? (yes/no) [no]:
> y
A table will then be shown so you can confirm the import of the located users:
+-------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| Name | Account Name | UPN |
+-------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| John Doe | johndoe |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
| Jane Doe | janedoe |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
+-------------+-------------------+---------------------+
Then, you will be asked to import the users shown and the import will begin:
Would you like these users to be imported / synchronized? (yes/no) [no]:
> y
2/2 [============================] 100%
Successfully imported / synchronized 2 user(s).
Scheduling the command
To run the import as a scheduled job, place the following in your app/Console/Kernel.php
in the command scheduler:
protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule)
{
// Import LDAP users hourly.
$schedule->command('ldap:import ldap', [
'--no-interaction',
'--restore',
'--delete',
'--filter' => '(objectclass=user)',
])->hourly();
}
The above scheduled import command will:
- Run without interaction and import new users as well as synchronize already imported users
- Restore user models who have been re-activated in your LDAP directory (if you're using Eloquent Soft Deletes)
- Soft-Delete user models who have been deactived in your LDAP directory (if you're using Eloquent Soft Deletes)
- Only import users that have an
objectclass
equal to user
It's recommended to use model query scopes instead of the
--filter
option on your configured authentication LdapRecord model so LDAP users signing into your application are applied the same search filter.
Programmatically Executing
You can call the ldap:import
command using Laravel's Artisan
facade to programmatically execute the import inside of your application wherever you'd like:
Artisan::call('ldap:import', ['provider' => 'ldap', '--no-interaction']);
To use more options, include them as array values:
Artisan::call('ldap:import', [
'provider' => 'ldap',
'--no-interaction',
'--restore' => true,
'--delete' => true,
'--delete-missing' => true,
'--filter' => '(cn=John Doe)',
]);
Single Users
To import or synchronize a single user, insert one of their attributes and LdapRecord will try to locate the user for you using Ambiguous Name Resolution. If your LDAP server does not support ANR, an equivalent query will be created automatically.
php artisan ldap:import ldap<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Found user 'John Doe'.
Would you like to display the user(s) to be imported / synchronized? (yes/no) [no]:
> y
Command Options
Filter
The --filter
(or -f
) option allows you to enter in a raw filter to further narrow down the users who are imported:
Important: If your filter contains commas, or other types of "escape" level LDAP search filter characters, you must escape the value with a backslash (
\
) before passing it into the search string. More on this below.
php artisan ldap:import ldap --filter "(cn=John Doe)"
Escaping
In some cases, you may need to pass commas or other escape level characters into the search filter.
To do so, add a backslash (\
) before the character to escape it properly:
php artisan ldap:import ldap --filter "(cn=Doe\, John)"
If this is not done, you will receive a Bad search filter
exception during import.
Delete
This option is only available on Active Directory models.
The --delete
(or -d
) option allows you to soft-delete deactivated LDAP users. No users
will be deleted if your User
Eloquent model does not have soft-deletes enabled.
php artisan ldap:import ldap --delete
Delete Missing
This option is available for all LDAP directories.
The --delete-missing
option allows you to soft-delete all LDAP users that
were missing from the import. This is useful when a user is deleted in your
LDAP server, and therefore should be soft-deleted inside of your application.
This option was designed to have the utmost safety of user data in mind. Here are some paramount things to understand with this option:
No users will be deleted if soft-deletes are not enabled on your User
eloquent model.
Deletion will not occur. You must setup Soft Deletes
on your User
eloquent model.
If no users were successfully imported, no users will be soft-deleted.
If an executed import imports zero (0) users, no users will be soft-deleted.
Only users that belong to the domain you are importing will be soft-deleted.
This means, all other users will be left untouched, such as local database users that were not imported from an LDAP server, as well as users that were imported from another domain.
Soft-deleted users are reported in the log.
When users are soft-deleted, a log entry will be created for each one:
User with [id = 2] has been soft-deleted due to being missing from LDAP import.
User with [id = 5] has been soft-deleted due to being missing from LDAP import.
The DeletedMissing Event
A DeletedMissing
event is fired in the event of any users being soft-deleted.
You may listen for this event and access the IDs of the deleted users, as well as the Eloquent model that was used to perform the deletion, and the LdapRecord model that was used to perform the import.
Here is an example listener that accesses this event and its properties:
// app/Listeners/UsersDeletedFromImport.php
namespace App\Listeners;
use LdapRecord\Laravel\Events\DeletedMissing;
class UsersDeletedFromImport
{
public function handle(DeletedMissing $event)
{
// \Illuminate\Support\Collection
$event->ids;
// \LdapRecord\Models\ActiveDirectory\User
$event->ldap;
// \App\User
$event->eloquent;
}
}
Restore
This option is only available on Active Directory models.
The --restore
(or -r
) option allows you to restore soft-deleted re-activated LDAP users.
php artisan ldap:import ldap --restore
Usually the
--restore
and--delete
options are used in tandem to allow full synchronization of user disablements and restoration.
No Logging
The --no-log
option allows you to disable logging during the command.
php artisan ldap:import ldap --no-log
By default this is enabled, regardless if logging
is disabled in your config/ldap.php
file.
No Interaction
To run the import command via a schedule, use the --no-interaction
flag:
php artisan ldap:import ldap --no-interaction
Users will be imported automatically with no prompts.
You can also call the command from the Laravel Scheduler, or other commands:
// Importing one user
$schedule->command('ldap:import ldap sbauman', ['--no-interaction'])
->everyMinute();
// Importing all users
$schedule->command('ldap:import ldap', ['--no-interaction'])
->everyMinute();
// Importing users with a filter
$dn = 'CN=Accounting,OU=SecurityGroups,DC=local,DC=com';
$filter = sprintf('(memberof:1.2.840.1135<IP_ADDRESS>1:=%s)', $dn);
$schedule->command('ldap:import ldap', ['--no-interaction', '--filter' => $filter])
->everyMinute();
Additional Tips
- Users who already exist inside your database will be updated with your configured providers
sync_attributes
- Users are never deleted from the import command, you will need to delete users regularly through your Eloquent model
- If you have a password mutator (setter) on your
User
Eloquent model, it will not override it. This allows you to hash the random 16 character passwords any way you prefer. - Successfully imported (new) users are reported in your log files:
[2020-01-29 14:51:51] local.INFO: Imported user johndoe
- Unsuccessful imported users are also reported in your log files, with the message of the exception:
[2020-01-29 14:51:51] local.ERROR: Unable to import user janedoe. SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1048


So PEP 484 is a thing. It's about type hinting in Python and seems to be heavily influenced by mypy-lang. However, this isn't a type system. It's meant as a helper for static code analysis. There's no type enforcement -- at least to my understanding. Basically, we'd be able to load up pyflakes or PyCharm and receive information on what the parameters are expected to be or if at some point we've got a type mismatch.
There's been a lot of talk about this. Some in favor, some not.
On one hand, I get it. This is super helpful for analysing a new code base -- assuming it's been used. :/ On the other hand, it's down right ugly. I'm not a big fan of inlining types, at all. Some things aren't so bad...
import typing as t def add(x: int, y: int) -> int: return x+y
Not so bad. Just a simple add function, we see it takes two ints and returns an int. However, for something more complicated, let's say zipWith it's gets ugly really fast.
Here's the comparable Haskell type:
zipWith (a -> b -> c) -> [a] -> [b] -> [c]
And here's the proposed PEP syntax:
A, B, C = t.TypeVar('A'), t.TypeVar('B'), t.TypeVar('C') def zip_with(func: t.Callable[[A, B], C], a: t.List[A], b: t.List[B]) -> t.List[C]: return map(func, a, b)
There's so much information in the parameter line I can hardly see what's actually relavant. This is something that really bothers me about all inlined types. Here's the proposed PEP syntax for something as simple as compose:
# compose :: (b -> c) -> (a -> b) -> (a -> c) def compose(f: t.Callable[[B], C], g: t.Callable[[A], B]) -> t.Callable[[A], C]: return lambda x: f(g(x)) print(compose.__annotations__)
{'f': typing.CallableCallable[[~B], ~C], 'return': typing.CallableCallable[[~A], ~C], 'g': typing.CallableCallable[[~A], ~B]}
Using a decorator was explictly shot down in the PEP under the argument that it's verbose and function parameters would need to be repeated. However, I find the current proposed syntax to already be verbose.
Moreover, a special type of file was proposed: Stub files. These would be additional files maintainers right that mirror the structure of an existing project only to provide annotated functions. If decorators are being shot down as unnecessarily verbose, this should too even if addresses the issue of Python 2 and 3 compatibility. I surely don't want to maintain essentially two copies of my project structure to get the minimal benefits of type hinting. And I certainly think that projects that begin using these will see a decline in contributitions -- if your project is using stub files already, surely the onus will be on the committer to maintain changes in the stubs as well.
Breaking out the type definitions into a separate line would go a long way to clean it up. Retyping parameters shouldn't be needed, just doing something like this would help:
@typed(t.Callable[[B], C], t.Callable[[A], B], returns=t.Callable[[A], C]) def compose(f, g): return lambda x: f(g(x))
Using the special keyword syntax introduced in Python 3.0 provides a clean break between input and output types. And using a decorator to separate the concern of "this is type information" from "these are the parameters" is what decorators do.
As a proof of concept:
import inspect from functools import wraps def typed(*types, returns): def deco(f): # todo handle *args, **kwargs params = inspect.getargspec(f).args if not len(types) == len(params): raise TypeError("Must provide types for all parameters") annotations = {a: t for a, t in zip(params, types)} annotations['return'] = returns f.__annotations__ = annotations @wraps(f) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): return f(*args, **kwargs) return wrapper return deco
@typed(t.Callable[[B], C], t.Callable[[A], B], returns=t.Callable[[A], C]) def compose(f, g): return lambda x: f(g(x))
compose.__annotations__
{'f': typing.CallableCallable[[~B], ~C], 'g': typing.CallableCallable[[~A], ~B], 'return': typing.CallableCallable[[~A], ~C]}
@typed(A, returns=C) def mismatched(a, b): pass
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-7-2d7bfefaa7d3> in <module>() ----> 1 @typed(A, returns=C) 2 def mismatched(a, b): 3 pass <ipython-input-4-e8ade1e4ee86> in deco(f) 7 params = inspect.getargspec(f).args 8 if not len(types) == len(params): ----> 9 raise TypeError("Must provide types for all parameters") 10 annotations = {a: t for a, t in zip(params, types)} 11 annotations['return'] = returns TypeError: Must provide types for all parameters
Of course, there's still the issue of things like classes that accept instances of themselves as arguments to methods. The cannonical example appears to be Nodes:
class Node: def __init__(self, value, left=None, right=None): self.value = value self.left = left self.right = right
Since class names aren't evaluated until the entire body of the class is evaluated, it's impossible to straight up reference the class in the top level of the class, i.e.:
class Node: def __init__(self, value: t.Any, left: Node, right: Node): ...
This results in a NameError because of the inside out evaluation (something that has bitten me before, but was easy enough to work around in that case). I believe the current fix for this is actually inheriting from something like Generic[T], i.e.:
class Node(t.Generic[t.T]): def __init__(self, left: t.T, right: t.T): pass
Nevermind the fact that I think imposing this requirement is ridiculous not only because should types be out of the way, the implication is that I'm gaining some tangible runtime benefit by inheriting from Generic[T] -- we're not, static type analysis is an "offline" thing.
Also the problem of using my own metaclass arises. These type variables are scaffolded around using abc.ABCMeta as a base, which is fine until the fact that we can only have one metaclass in a heirarchy comes into play. Wah wah wah.
I don't think that type hinting is necessarily a bad thing. However, I think as the PEP is written currently, we're sacrificing quite a bit for minimal gain.
I spilled my brains, spill some of yours.


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To prepare your mind for the questions I have prepared for you, here is a sneak peek of what you will be asked:
- What is your name?
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The AngularJS expression is missing the corresponding closing operator.


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GitHub Flavored Markdown Syntax Guide
By Chris Oung
Table of Contents
Introduction
Markdown is a lightweight and an easy-to-use syntax for styling all forms of writing on the GitHub platform. This document contains a basic overview of the markdown syntax. Use this document as a reference guide for documenting projects on the GitHub platform.
For more advanced information about the markdown syntax, see About Writing and Formatting on GitHub.
Headings
To create a heading, add one to six # symbols before your heading text. The number of # you use will determine the size of the heading.[2]
For example, to create a heading level three (
), use three number signs (e.g., ### My Header).
Markdown input:
# This is an h1 tag
## This is an h2 tag
### This is an h3 tag
#### This is an h4 tag
##### This is an h5 tag
###### This is an h6 tag
HTML output:

This is an h1 tag

This is an h2 tag

This is an h3 tag

This is an h4 tag

This is an h5 tag

This is an h6 tag

Emphasis
With markdown, you can add emphasis by making text bold or italic.[2]
To bold text, add two asterisks or underscores before and after a word or phrase.
Markdown input:
*This text will be italic*
_This will also be italic_
**This text will be bold**
__This will also be bold__
HTML output:
This will be italic
This will also be italic
This will be bold
This will also be bold
Lists
You can organize items into ordered and unordered lists.
Unordered lists
Markdown input:
* Item 1
* Item 2
* Item 2a
* Item 2b
HTML output:

Item 1

Item 2

Item 2a

Item 2b

Ordered lists
Markdown input:
1. Item 1
2. Item 2
3. Item 3
3.1. Item 3a
3.2. Item 3b
HTML output:

Item 1

Item 2

Item 3

Item 3a

Item 3b

Images
Markdown input:
![GitHub Logo](/images/logo.png)
HTML output:

Links
Markdown input:
[GitHub](http://github.com)
HTML output:
GitHub
Code Blocks
To create code blocks, indent every line of the block by at least four spaces or one tab.
Markdown input:

HTML output:

Blockquote
To create a blockquote, add a >
in front of a paragraph.
Markdown input:
> This is a blockquote.
HTML output:

This is a blockquote

[1] Source: “About Writing and Formatting on GitHub”
[2] Source: “Basic Writing and Formatting on GitHub”


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