"In areas densely covered with intensive shrimp farms, however, the industry is responsible for considerable self-pollution and particularly for bacteriological and viral contamination. Each hectare of pond produces tons of undigested feed and fasecal wastes for every crop cycle. This induces the growth of phytoplankton, protoza, fungus, bacteria and viruses (like the Vibrio group growing in shrimp faeces and in large part responsible for the 1988 collapse of Tasiwan's production) (Lin, 1989). The overuse of fertilizers and of veterinary and sanitary products such as antibiotics adds to the water pollution problem. It also contributes to the decreasing resistance of the shrimp stock. Where intensive shrimp farms are densely spaced, waste laden water tends to slosh from one pond to another before it is finally discharged into the sea. Shrimp producers are extremely concerned about assured supplies of clean water as it is vital for their immediate economic returns. Large amounts of sedimentation in intensive shrimp ponds is posing serious disposal problems for shrimp farmers. From 100 to 500 tons of sediment per hectare per year are apparently accumulating. Since only some 10 tons of feed is used to produce about 5 tons of shrimp per hectare per year, this raises questions about where such incredible quantities of sediment come from (Rosenberry, 1994a;42). Ponds are cleaned after each crop cycle and the sediments are often discarded in water ways leading into the sea, or they are sometimes used to build dikes. Their putrefaction inside and outside the ponds causes foul odours, hypernutrification and eutrophisation, siltation and turbidity of water courses and estuaries, with detrimental implications on local fauna and flora. .............Biodiversity losses: The impacts of semi- intensive and intensive shrimp aquaculture on biodiversity ("the totality of genes, species and ecosystems in a region") are multiple. This is because of the land area they cover; the water they pollute; the water circulation systems they alter; the wild fish and crustacean habitats they replace; the risks they pose of disease transfer; the impacts of released raised shrimp on the genetic diversity and resilence of indigenous shrimp and possibly also their negative impacts on other native fauna and flora.
..........Health hazards: Health hazards to local populations living near or working in shrimp farms have been observed in several places. For instance, in Tamil Nadu (Quaid-e-Milleth district near Pondicherry) an approximately 1,500 acre large shrimp farm has been reported to have caused eight deaths from previously unknown diseases within a period of two months following the installation of the aquaculture farm (Naganathan et al., 1995:60/). There are numerous hazards to public health along the shrimp production chain from the farmers through the various processors to the often distant consumers. The workers employed on shrimp farms handle several potentially dangerous chemicals, and may be exposed to unsanitary working conditions."
According to the UN Report - intensive ponds have a maximum life of only 5 to 10 years. Abandoned ponds can no longer be used for shrimp and there are few known alternative uses for them except some other types of acquaculture. Apparently they can seldom be economically rehabilitated for other uses such as crop land. The extent of abandoned areas by the shrimp industry has been indicated by the UN Report in the following works:-
"After a production cycle of about four of five months, shrimp ponds under intensive use are cleaned and disinfected and the polluted sludge is removed and often disposed for unsafely. This treatment, however, does not usually surfice to maintain the ponds' productivity for more than five to ten yn years (Ibid., Annex III/12).
Entrepreneurs then move to other areas because of pollution and disease. This mode of production has been called "rape and run" (Csavas, 1994b). The altered milieu of these abandoned ponds inhibits the spontaneous regeneration of vegetation and their use for agriculture, forestry, other aquaculture or related fishing activities. These abandoned areas do not appear in worldwide estimastes of areas used for shrimp farming, which for 1993 were estimated to include 962,600 hectares, of which 847,000 hectares were in Asia. In December 1994 these areas were estimated to have increased worldwide to 1,147,500 with 1,017,000 hectares in Asia (Rosenberry, 1993 and 1994a). Globally, areas affected by the industry's practices over the last decade are probably at least one third larger, or even more if the total infrastructures surrounding the ponds are accounted for."
The UN Report pithily sums up the "conflicts and externalities" as under:-
"A major portion of the conflicts arising from the expansion of shrimp farming are the result of environmental and social degradation that is not included in the costs of shrimp production. Where the industry assumes no responsibility for damages to other groups arising from its activities, economists call them "externalities". For example, abandoned ponds are usually virtually unusable for other purposes for indefinite periods without costly rehabilitation, which is seldom undertaken. Mangrove destruction, flooding of crops, salinization or pollution of land and water associated with the expansion of shrimp farming all affect the local people depending on these resources"
Alagarswami has divided the shrimp-farm technology into six types. We have already quoted the relevant paragraph 5.1.2 of the report. Although different experts have given different nomenclature to different types of shrimp farm technologies, we are of the view that the types indicated by Alagarswami in his report are based on the functioning of the shrimp culture industry in India and as such are acceptable. Keeping in view the NEERI report and other material quoted and discussed by us, we are of the view that the traditional and improved traditional types of shrimp- farm technologies - defined by Alagarswami - are environmentally benign and pollution free. Other types of technologies - extensive, modified extensive, semi intensive and intensive - create pollution and have degrading affect on the environment and coastal ecology. Such type of shrimp farms cannot be permitted to operate.
We may refer to constitutional and Statutory provisions which mandate the State to protect and improve the environment. Article 48-A of the Constitution of India states that "the State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country". Article 51-A of the Constitution imposes as one of the fundamental duties on every citizen, the duty to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and to have compassion for living creatures. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (the Act) was enacted as a result of the decisions taken at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at Stockhorm in June, 1972 in which India participated. The Indian delegation was led by the then Prime Minister of India. The Statement of objects and reason to the Act is as under:-
"The decline in environmental quality has been evidenced by increasing pollution, loss of vegetal cover and biological diversity, excessive concentrations of harmful chemicals in the ambient atmosphere and in food chains, growing risks of environmental accidents and threats to life support systems. The world community's resolve to protect and enhance the environmental quality. Found expression in the decisions taken at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm in June, 1972, Government of India participate din the Conference and strongly voiced the environmental concerns. While several measures have been taken for environmental protection both before and after the Conference, the need for a general legislation further to implement the decision of the conference has become increasingly evident."
Section 2(a), 2(b), 2(c) and 2(e) of the Environment Act are as under:-
2. Definitions.-In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,-
(a) "environment" includes water, air and land and the inter- relationship which exists among and between water, air and land, and human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and property;
(b) "environmental pollutant" means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance present in such concentration as may be, or tend to be, injurious to environment;
(c) "environmental pollution"
means the presence in the environment of any environmental pollutant;
(e) "hazardous substance" means any substance or preparation which, by reason of its chemical or physico-chemical properties or handling, is liable to cause harm to human beings, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism, property or the environment;" Section 7 and 8 of the Environment Act are as under:- "7. Persons carrying on industry, operation, etc., not to allow emission or discharge of environmental pollutants in excess of the standards.- No person carrying on any industry, operation or process shall discharge or emit or permit to be discharged or emitted any environmental pollutant in excess of such standards as may be prescribed.
8. Persons handling hazardous substances to comply with procedural safeguards.- No person shall handle or cause to be handled any hazardous substance except in accordance with such procedure and after complying with such safeguards as may be prescribed.
Section 15 of the Act makes contravention of the provisions of the said Act punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years or with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees or with both. If the failure or contravention continues beyond a period of one year after the date of conviction, the offender shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years. The effluents discharged by the commercial shrimp culture farms are covered by the definition of Environmental pollutant, environmental pollution and hazardous substance. The NEERI reports indicate that the effluents discharged by the farms at various places were excess of the prescribed standards. Unfortunately, no action is being taken by the authorities under the Act.
Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 (the rules) have been framed under the Act. Rule 2(i) of the rules defines "hazardous wastes" to mean categories of wastes specified in the Schedule appended to the rules. Waste category No.12 under the Schedule to the rules is as under:-
"SCHEDULE Categories of Hazardous Waste
------------------------------------------------------------ Waste Categories Types of wastes Regulatory quantities
------------------------------------------------------------
1 2 3 = = = Waste category No.12 Sludges arising Irrespective of
from treatment of any quality.
waste waters containing heavy metals, toxic organics, oils, emulsions and spend chemicals and incrineration ash."
Rule 5 of the rules makes it obligatory for every occupier generating hazardous wastes to obtain authorisation as provided under the said rule. Rule 5(4) requires the State Pollution Control Board not to issue and authorisation unless it is satisfied that the operator of a facility or an occupier, as the case may be, possesses appropriate facilities, technical capabilities and equipment to handle hazardous waste safely.
Mr. Mehta has vehemently contended that the shrimp culture farms are discharging highly polluting effluent which is "hazardous waste", under the rules, Mr. Mehta relying upon the NEERI reports and other reports placed on record has contended that none of the farms have obtained authorisation from the State Pollution Control Boards.
The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act. 1974 (the Water Act) has been enacted to provide for the prevention and control of water pollution and the maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water. The Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Water Act, inter alia, state as under:-
"The problem of pollution of rivers and streams has assumed considerable importance and urgency in recent years as a result of the growth or industries and the increasing tendency to urbanization. It is, therefore, essential to ensure that the domestic and industrial effluents are not allowed to be discharged into the water courses without adequate treatment as such discharges would render the water unsuitable as source of drinking water as well as for supporting fish life and for use in irrigation. Pollution of rivers and streams also causes increasing damage to the country's economy." Section 2 (j) & (k) of the Water Act are as under:- "2. Definitions.- In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,-
(j) "stream" includes-
(i) river;
(ii) water course (whether flowing or for the time being dry);
(iii) inland water (whether natural or artificial);
(iv) sub-terranean waters;
(v) sea or tidal waters to such extent or, as the case may be, to such point as the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf;
(k) "trade effluent" includes any liquid, gaseous or solid substance which is discharged from any premises used for carrying on any [industry operation or process, or treatment and disposal system], other than domestic sewage.
Section 25 of the Water Act provides that no person shall, without the previous consent of the State Board establish any industry, operation or process, of any treatment and disposal system which is likely in discharge sewage or trade effluent into a stream on well or sewer or on land. There is nothing on the record to show that the shrimp culture farm owners are even conscious of the statutory provisions which require them to obtain the necessary consent/authorisation from the concerned Pollution Control Boards.
There are other legislations like Fisheries Act 1987, Wild Life Protection Act, 1972 and Forest Conservation Act, 1980 which contain useful provisions for environment protection and pollution control. Unfortunately, the authorities responsible for the implementation of various statutory provisions are wholly re-miss in the performance of their duties under the said provisions.
At this stage we may deal with a question which has incidentally come up for our consideration. Under para 2 of the CRZ notification, the activities listed thereunder are declared as prohibited activities. Various State Governments have enacted coastal acquaculture legislations regulating the industries set up in the coastal areas. It was argued before us that certain provisions of the State legislations including that of the State of Tamil Nadu are not in consonance with the CRZ notification issued by the Government of India under Section 3(3) of the Act, Assuming that <??> so, we are of the view that the Act being a Central legislation has the overriding effect. The Act the Environment Protection Act, 1986) has been enacted under Entry 13 of list 1 Schedule VII of the Constitution of India. The said entry is as under:-
"Participation in international conferences, assessment and other bodies and implementing of decisions made there at."
The preamble to the Act clearly states that it was enacted to implement the decisions taken at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June, 1972. The Parliament has enacted the Act under Entry 13 of List 1 Schedule VII read with Article 253 of the Constitution of India the CRZ notification having been issued under the Act shall have overriding effect and shall prevail over the law made by the legislatures of the States.
This Court in Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum vs. Union of India & Ors. JT 1966 (7) SC 375 has dealt with the concept of "sustainable development" and has specifically accepted "The Precautionary Principle" and "The Polluter Pays" principle as part of the environmental laws of the land. The relevant part of the judgment is as under;
"The traditional concept that development and ecology are opposed to each other, is no longer acceptable. Sustainable Development is the answer. In the International sphere "Sustainable Development" as a concept came to be known for the first time in the Stockholm Declaration of 1972. Thereafter, in 1987 the concept was given a definite shape by the World Commission on Environment and Development in its report called "Our Common Future". The Commission was chaired by the then Prime Minister of Norway Ms. G.H. Brundtland and as such the report is popularly known as "Brundtland Report". In 1991 the World Conservation Union, United Nations Environment Programme and World Wide Fund for Nature, jointly came out with a document called "Caring for the Earth" which is a strategy for sustainable living. Finally, came the Earth Summit held in June, 1992 at Rio which saw the largest gathering of world leaders ever in the history - deliberating and chalking out a blue print for the survival of the planet. Among the tangible achievements of the Rio Conference was the signing of two conventions, one on biological diversity and another on climate change. These conventions were signed by 159 nations. The delegates also approved by consensus three non binding documents namely, a Statement on Forestry Principles, a declaration of principles on environmental policy and development initiatives and Agenda 21, a programme of action into the next century it areas like poverty population and pollution. During the two decades from Stockholm to Rio "Sustainable Development" has come to be accepted as a viable concept to eradicate poverty and improve the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of the supporting eco-systems. "Sustainable Development" as defined by the Brundtland Report means "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs". We have no hesitation in holding that "Sustainable Development" as a balancing concept between ecology and development has been accepted as a part of the Customary International Law though its salient features have yet to be finalised by the International Law Jurists.
Some of the salient principles or "Sustainable Development", as culled out from Brundtland Report and other international documents, are Inter-Generational Equity, Use and Conservation of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection, the Precautionary Principle, Polluter Pays principle, Obligation to assist and cooperate, Eradication of Poverty and Financial Assistance to the developing countries. We are, however, of the view that "The Precautionary Principle" and "The Polluter Pays" principle are essential features of "Sustainable Development". The "Precautionary Principle" - in the context of the municipal law - means:
(i) Environment measures - by the State Government and the statutory authorities - must anticipate, prevent and attack the causes of environmental degradation,
(ii) Where there are threats of serious and irreversible damage, lack of scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation,
(iii) The "Onus of proof" is on the actor of the developer/industrialist to show that his action is environmentally benign.
"The Polluter Pays" principle has been held to be a sound principle by this Court in Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action vs. Union of India JT 1996 (2) 190. The Court observed, "We are of the opinion that any principle evolved in this behalf should be simple, practical and suited to the conditions obtaining in this country". The Court ruled that "Once the activity carried on is hazardous or inherently dangerous, the person carrying on such activity is liable to make good the loss caused to nay other person by his activity irrespective of the fact whether he took reasonable care while carrying on his activity. The rule is premised upon the very nature of the activity carried on". Consequently the polluting industries are "absolutely liable to compensate for the harm caused by them to villagers in the affected area, to the soil and to the underground water rand hence, they are bound to take all necessary measures to remove sludge and other pollutants lying in the affected areas". The "Polluter Pays" principle as interpreted by this Court means that the obsolute liability for harm to the environment extends not only to compensate the victims of pollution but also the cost of restoring the environmental degradation. Remediation of the damaged environment is part of the process of "Sustainable Development" and as such polluter is liable to pay the cost to the individual sefferers as well as the cost of reversing the damaged ecology.
The precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle have been accepted as part of the law of the land. Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees protection of life and personal liberty. Articles 47, 48A and 51A(g) of the Constitution are as under:
"47. Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health. - The State shall regard the raising of the revel of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties and in particular, the State that endeavour to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health.
48A. Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life. - The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country.
51A(g). To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures."
Apart from the constructional mandate to protect and improve the environment there are plenty of post independence legislations on the subject but more relevant enactments for our purpose are : The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (the Water Act), The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (the Air Act) and the Environment Protection Act, 1986 (The Environment Act). The Water Act provides for the constitution f the Central Pollution Control Board by the Central Government and the constitution of the State Pollution Control Boards by various State Governments in the country. The Boards function under the control of the Governments concerned. The Water Act prohibits the use of streams and wells for disposal of polluting matters. Also provides for restrictions on outlets and discharge of effluents without obtaining consent from the Board, Prosecution and penalties have been provided which include sentence of imprisonment. The Air Act provides that the Central Pollution Control Board and the State Pollution Control Boards constituted under the Water Act shall also perform the powers and functions under the Air Act. The main function of the Boards, under the Air Act, is to improve the quality of the air and to prevent, control and abate air pollution in the country. We shall deal with the Environment Act in the later part of this judgment. In view of the above mentioned constitutional and statutory provisions we have no hesitation in holding that the precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle are part of the environment law of the country.
We are of the view that before any shrimp industry or shrimp pond is permitted to be installed in the ecology fragile coastal area it must pass through a strict environmental test. There has to be a high powered "Authority" under the Act to scrutinise each and every case from the environmental point of view. There must be an environmental impact assessment before permission is granted to instal commercial shrimp farms. The conceptual framework of the assessment must be broad-based primarily concerning environmental <??> linked with shrimp farming. The assessment must also include the social impact on different population strata in the area. The quality of the assessment must be analytically based on superior technology. It must take into consideration the inter-generational equity and the compensation for those who are affected and prejudiced.
Before parting with this judgment, we may notice the "Dollar" based argument advanced before us. It was contended before us by the learned counsel appearing for the shrimp acquaculture industry that the industry has achieved singular distinction by earning maximum foreign exchange in the country. Almost 100 per cent of the produce is exported to America, Europe and Japan and as such the industry has a large potential to earn "Dollars". That may be so, but the farm-raised production of shrimp is much lesser than the wild-caught production. The UN Report shows the world production of shrimp from 1982 to 1983 as under:-
Table 1: World Production of Shrimp
------------------------------------------------------------
Thousands of matric tons
------------------------------------------------------------ Year Farm-raised Wild-caught Total
------------------------------------------------------------
1982 84 1,652 1,756 1983 143 1,683 1,626 1984 174 1,733 1,907 1985 213 1,906 2,121 1986 309 1,909 1,218 1987 551 1,909 2,264 1988 604 1,914 2,518 1989 611 1,832 2,518 1990 633 1,968 2,443 1991 690 1,968 2,601 1992 721 2,118 2,912 1993 610 2,100 2,710"
------------------------------------------------------------
It is obvious from the figures quoted above that term- raised production of shrimp is of very small quantity as compared to wild-caught Even if some of the shrimp culture farms which are polluting the environment, are closed, the production of shrimp by environmentally friendly techniques would not be affected and there may not be any loss to the economy specially in view of the finding given by NEERI that the damage caused to ecology and economics by the acquaculture farming is higher than the earnings from the sale of coastal acquaculture produce. That may be the reason for the European and American countries for not permitting their sea-coasts to be exploited for shrimp-culture farming. The UN report shows that 80% of the farm - cultured - shrimp comes from the developing countries of Asia.
We, therefore, order and directed as under:
1. The Central Government shall constitute an authority under Section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and shall confer on the said authority all the powers necessary to protect the ecologically fragile coastal areas, sea shore, water front and other coastal areas and specially to deal with the situation created by the shrimp culture industry in the coastal States/Union Territories. The authority shall be headed by <??> Judge of a High Court. Other members preferably with expertise in the field of acquaculture, pollution control and environment protection shall be appointed by the Central Government. The Central Government shall confer on the said authority the powers to issue directions under section 5 of the Act and for taking measures with respect to the matters referred to in clauses
(v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) and (xii) of sub-section (2) of Section 3. The Central Government shall constitute the authority before January 15, 1997.
2. The authority so constituted by the Central Government shall implement "the Precautionary Principle" and "the Polluter Pays" principles.
3. The shrimp culture industry/the shrimp ponds are covered by the prohibition contained in para 2(1) of the CRZ Notification. No shrimp culture pond can be constructed or set up within the coastal regulation zone as defined in the CRZ notification. This shall be applicable to all seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and backwaters. This direction shall not apply to traditional and improved traditional types of technologies far defined in Alagarswami report which are practised in the coastal low lying areas.
4. All acquaculture industries/shrimp culture industries/shrimp culture ponds operating/set up in the coastal regulation zone as defined under the CRZ Notification shall be demolished and removed from the said area before March 31, 1997. We direct the Superintendent of Police/Deputy Commissioner of Police and the District Magistrate/Collector of the area to enforce this direction and close/demolish all acquaculture industries/shrimp culture industries, shrimp culture ponds on or before March 31, <??> A compliance report in this respect shall be <??> in this Court by these authorities before April 15, 1997.
5. The farmers who are operating traditional and improved traditional systems of acquaculture may adopt improved technology for increased production productivity and return with prior approval of the "authority" constituted by this order.
6. The agricultural lands, salt pan lands, mangroves, wet lands, forest lands, land for village common purpose and the land meant for public purposes shall not be used/converted for construction of shrimp culture ponds.
7. No acquaculture industry/shrimp culture industry/shrimp culture ponds shall be constructed/set up within 1000 meter of Chilka lake and Pulicat lake (including Bird Sanctuaries namely Yadurapattu and Nelapattu)
8. Acquaculture industry/shrimp culture industry/shrimp culture ponds already operating and functioning in the said area of 1000 meter shall be closed and demolished before March 31, 1997. We direct the Superintendent of Police/Deputy Commissioner of Police and the District Magistrate/Collector of the area to enforce this direction and close/demolish and acquaculture industries/shrimp culture industries, shrimp culture ponds on or before March 31, 1997. A compliance report in this respect shall be filled in this Court by these authorities before April 15, 1997.
9. Acquaculture industry/shrimp culture industry/shrimp culture ponds other than traditional and improved traditional may be set up/constructed outside the coastal regulation zone as defined by the CRZ notification and outside 1000 meter of Chilka and Pulicat lakes with the prior approval of the "authority" as constituted by this Court. Such industries which are already operating in the said areas shall <??> authorisation from the "Authority" before April 30, 1997 failing which the industry concerned shall stop functioning with effect from eh said date. We further direct that any acquaculture activity including intensive and semi-intensive which has the effect of causing salinity of soil, of the drinking water or wells and/or by the use of chemical feeds increases shrimp or prawn production with consequent increase in sedimentation which, on putrefaction is a potential health hazard, apart from causing silication turbidity of water courses and estuaries with detrimental implication on local fauna and flora shall not be allowed by the aforesaid Authority.
10. Acquaculture industry/shrimp culture industry/shrimp culture ponds which have been functioning/operating within the coastal regulation zone as defined by the CRZ Notification and within 1000 meter from Chilka and Puliket Lakes shall be liable to compensate the affected persons on the basis of the "polluter pays" principle.
11. The authority shall, with the help of expert opinion and after giving opportunity to the concerned polluters assess the loss to the ecology/<??> the affected areas and shall a individuals/families who have suffered because of the pollution and shall assess the compensation to be pain to the said individuals/families. The authority shall further determine the compensation to be recovered from the polluters as cost of reversing the damaged environment. The authority shall lay down just and fair procedure for completing the exercise.
12. The authority shall compute the compensation under two heads hardly, for reversing the ecology and for payment to individuals. A statement showing amount to be recovered, the names of the <??> whom the amount is to be recovered, the <??> recovered from each polluter, the persons to whom the compensation is to be paid and the amount payable to each of them shall be forwarded to the Collector/District Magistrate of the area concerned. The Collector/District Magistrate shall recover the amount from the polluters, if necessary, as arrears of land revenue. He shall disburse the compensation awarded by the authority to the affected persons/families.
13. We further direct that any violation or non-compliance of the directions of this Court shall attract the provisions of the Contempt of Courts Act in addition.
14. The compensation amount recovered from the polluters shall be deposited under a separate head called "Environment Protection Fund" and shall be utilised for compensating the affected persons as identified by the authority and also for restoring the damaged environment.
15. The authority, in consultation with expert bodies like NEERI, Central Pollution Control Board, respective State Pollution Control Boards shall frame scheme/schemes for reversing the damage cause to the ecology and environment by pollutions of the coastal States/Union Territories. The scheme/schemes so framed shall be executed by the respective State Governments/Union Territory Governments under the supervision of the Central Government. The expenditure shall be met from the Environment Protection <??> from other sources provided by the respective State Governments/Union Territory Governments and the Central Government.
16. The workmen employed in the shrimp culture industries which are to be closed in terms of this order, shall be deemed to have been retrenched with effect from April 30, 1997 provided they have been in continuous service (as defined in Section 258 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947) For not less than one year in the industry concerned before the said date. They shall be paid compensation in terms of Section <??> of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. These workmen shall also be paid, in addition, six year's wages as additional compensation. The compensation shall be paid to the workmen before May 31, 1997. The gratuity amount payable to the women shall be paid in addition.
The writ petition is allowed with costs. We quantify the costs as Rs. 1,40,000/-(Rupees one lac forty thousand) to be paid by the States of Gujarat. Maharashtra, Orissa, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal in equal shares of Rs. 20,000/- each. The amount of Rs. 1,40,000/- realised from the seven coastal States shall be paid to Mr. MC Mehta, Advocate who has assisted <??> in this case throughout. We place on record our appreciation for the assistance rendered by Mr. Mehta.


In order to read the error message, invoke "gemx.bat" at the command line (cmd.exe). Or invoke "gemx.sh" at the shell.
For Windows users
If the license key looks expired, run the License-Key Assistant, in order to obtain a new license key. (version <IP_ADDRESS> or later)
At command line, execute "java -version" in order to check the version of the JavaVM. 1.5 or later is required.
In some version of windows, java.exe is not in path because the Java VM's installer doesn't modify path variable.
In such case, modify path variable manually.
Check the environment variables PATH and CLASSPATH. (Some application seems to overwrite the class path.)
For Ubuntu users
Did you put the license key file on the /bin of the install directory?
Confirm the required apt-get commands were done.
Check the system's default Java VM is Sun's one, not gcj.
Check the version of Python is 2.5 or 2.6. Python 3.x is not supported, yet.
Despite of Python interpreter being installed on your PC, ccfx (or GemX) says it can't find Python,
set the environment variable CCFINDERX_PYTHON_INTERPRETER_PATH to a path where Python interpreter has been installed.
When Python intalled to the non-default directory or when two or more versions of Python have been installed,
this error may occur.
In case a lot code clones are included in one file, clicking or dragging of the file in Scatter Plot may cause out-of-memory error.
This limitation will be relaxed somehow with JavaVM's -Xmx option.
From menu [settings]-[ccfx settings], specify the smaller value for "Chunk Size" (the default value is 60M).
Check "use prescreening" at clone detection in GemX. This option removes too clone-prone source files from target of clone detection.
The tool will determine whether a file to be a source file or not,
by checking its extension (for exmple, a file with extension .COB or .CBL is a COBOL source file).
If you really want to make the tool read a file with a special extension, use a file list.
By default, CCFinderX uses single thread. Specify number of threads in [Max Worker Threads] in a dialog shwon by menu [Preferences]-[Ccfx Preferences].


Security. This is the first line of defense against not trusted code attempting to get access to internal tomcat objects. A servlet will only see objects that implement the API and provide no extra public methods that can be used.
Decouple of the Servlet API implementation from the internal architecture of tomcat. Tomcat.core can use various optimizations and can have a design that is not directly controlled by the Servlet API requirements
Performance. This is a direct consequence of decoupling - tomcat.core can be optimized without affecting the servlet side.
Smooth evolution. Tomcat changes, and the separation of internals from the facade allowed an easy evolution. A side effect of the facade pattern is that it is possible to support multiple servlet APIs at the same time, allowing an easy migration when the spec is upgraded ( for example it may be possible to run both 2.2 and 2.3 servlets in the same engine, allowing a non-disruptive evolution ).
this is not final - need a lot of review and may change )
Attribute access. A servlet can access a Context attribute named "org.apache.tomcat.facade" of type FacadeManager. The FacadeManager is the gate between internal objects and servlets - a servlet will be able to get an instance of FacadeManager only if the Context is marked as "trusted" ( by setting the "trusted" attribute in server.xml ). With JDK1.2 security we can implement finer control based on individual properties.
It is possible to do security checks inside all methods in FacadeManager, allowing a finer access control. The FacadeManager may expose other internal of tomcat to trusted servlets.
Internal servlets. All serlvets in org.apache.tomcat that extend org.apache.tomcat.servlet.TomcatInternalServlet will be initialized with the correct FacadeManager and will be able to do free conversions from Facade to internal objects. This is a hack to simplify the internal objects with minimal pain, after a "standard" access mode is stable enough.
Getting an instance of FacadeManager.
Extra checks in FacadeManagers:
Context - a FacadeManager will verify if the Servlet object ( Request, Response, Context) are part of the same context as the servlet. That will prevent a servlet from accessing internal objects using a fake FacadeManager.
Note that if a servlet has access to a tomcat internal object it may get access to potentially any other tomcat object.
Object reuse. Reusing Facade objects can open a security hole - a servlet may keep references to HttpServletRequest objects and after a number of requests it will end up keeping references to all Facade objects ( there is no way to prevent that ). It will then be able to call for example getParameter() on all of those - accessing parameters of other servlets that happen to execute at that time. ClassLoader is not a good defense, since Facade objects can be loaded by the system class loader.
JDK1.2 - it is possible to use the SecurityDomain and the context (thread) class loader to get informations about the running servlet and to do fine-access-control. A way to implement this without breaking compatibility with JDK1.1 is by using a different set of facades, or just by using a hook that will do the security checks ( better ).
It is still possible for servlets to access core objects directly. This has to be fixed ASAP.
All classes except the "FacadeManager" have package-level access and are final. That means it is not possible to create or extend any of the facades unless you use the FacadeManager.
The only public methods available in facades are those required by the servlet API.
The facade objects will have minimal state, and will delegate most functionality to tomcat.core objects
The only functionality present in facade is the "adapter" between the servlet API interfaces and tomcat internal interfaces. For example the I/O system in tomcat will be less dependent on Stream/Writer ( by using special hooks for char-to-byte conversion), but the facade must still prevent access to both Stream and Writer.
This package implements the "Facade" and "Adapter" patterns.


A CREATIVE WEB AND APP-DEVELOPER BASED IN SWEDEN WHO LOVES SKATEBOARDING.
I’m probably what most people call a geek, a technology fanatic with a
deep interest in programming and graphic design.
As a designer i visualize things and as a developer i build them,
I'm driven by my passion for good looking things. I love being creative,
to write code and to learn new tricks.
I enjoy writing code because it makes me feel alive, the motivation I get
from solving problems is what to keeps me going.
When I'm not behind my desk doing something super creative, I like to take
a skate around town and get insanely lost.


10 tips for PhD-land and beyond
As 2021 comes to a close, I’ve had some time to reflect on my grad school experiences. Here are 10 nuggets of advice / lessons I’ve learned during PhD-land. A thread:
1: Before joining a lab, talk to every current member one-on-one.
Carve out time to have coffee chats with each person during your rotation. Ask about their experiences, any pain points, and whether they’d join again. You can learn so much from these conversations!
2. During lab meetings, ask those “dumb” questions.
Sometimes, I feel embarrassed to ask a question because I assume everyone else already knows the answer, but chances are, if you’re wondering something, someone else is wondering too.
3: Ask for help, and pass it on.
Running a new protocol or doing a new kind of analysis? Don’t be afraid of asking for help from a labmate who’s more experienced! This can help save a lot of wasted time. In return, be generous with helping newer folks in the lab when you can.
4: When a project feels overwhelming, just figure out the immediate next steps.
It’s ok to not have the whole game planned out ahead of time - just map out the next 3-5 key steps, and get a move on! Oftentimes, your results will reveal new problems and insights into the project.
5: Keep an eye on the administrative stuff.
Be proactive in ticking all those administrative boxes. Schedule your qualifying exam, get your committee together sooner rather than later. These things can slip through the cracks if you’re not actively making sure they get done.
6: Reach out to other scientists about their work.
When I’ve had trouble using a method or had a question about a public dataset, I’ve been pleasantly surprised to find that emailing the first-author is usually quite effective. Turns out, people are actually nice and helpful!
7: Find ways to make common tasks more efficient.
Automating frequently used tasks can save you tons of time down the road. For example, I set up a bash alias that lets me change to my project’s directory, activate a conda env, & launch a Jupyter notebook by typing 3 characters.
8: When writing, done is better than perfect.
Especially for first drafts, just focus on getting the content down - it doesn’t need to read perfectly. Once there’s a draft, prioritize getting feedback from others - several rounds of revisions will make it much stronger.
9: Make health a priority.
Exercise. Eat well.  At several points, I’ve felt the physical toll of prolonged stress on my body. In those times, it’s helpful to pause side projects & drop unnecessary tasks to focus on the important things and take care of oneself.
10: When in doubt, show up and stay interested.
When I left for grad school, my undergrad PI (the amazing Ami Bhatt @Stanford) gave me a simple piece of advice: just keep showing up. When things fail and the going gets tough, staying engaged in the work is already half the battle.


--- title: Pads sequences to the same length type: docs repo: https://github.com/rstudio/keras menu: main: name: Pads sequences to the same length - keras parent: keras-reference aliases: - /reference/keras/pad_sequences.html - /keras/reference/pad_sequences.html - /guide/keras/reference/pad_sequences.html - /tools/tools/keras/reference/pad_sequences.html - /installation/keras/reference/pad_sequences.html - /tutorials/keras/reference/pad_sequences.html - /guide/tools/keras/reference/pad_sequences.html - /deploy/keras/reference/pad_sequences.html - /tools/keras/reference/pad_sequences.html - /tutorials/tools/keras/reference/pad_sequences.html ---
Pads sequences to the same length
pad_sequences(
sequences,
maxlen = NULL,
dtype = "int32",
padding = "pre",
truncating = "pre",
value = 0
)
| sequences | List of lists where each element is a sequence |
| maxlen | int, maximum length of all sequences |
| dtype | type of the output sequences |
| padding | 'pre' or 'post', pad either before or after each sequence. |
| truncating | 'pre' or 'post', remove values from sequences larger than maxlen either in the beginning or in the end of the sequence |
| value | float, padding value |
Matrix with dimensions (number_of_sequences, maxlen)
This function transforms a list of num_samples
sequences (lists
of integers) into a matrix of shape (num_samples, num_timesteps)
.
num_timesteps
is either the maxlen
argument if provided, or the length
of the longest sequence otherwise.
Sequences that are shorter than num_timesteps
are padded with value
at
the end.
Sequences longer than num_timesteps
are truncated so that they fit the
desired length. The position where padding or truncation happens is
determined by the arguments padding
and truncating
, respectively.
Pre-padding is the default.
Other text preprocessing:
make_sampling_table()
,
skipgrams()
,
text_hashing_trick()
,
text_one_hot()
,
text_to_word_sequence()


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1: == Preparing opensolaris.org Content for Migration to XWiki == 2: 3: The content on opensolaris.org will be migrated to XWiki on **Monday, October 26, 2009**. Refer to the [[Site Feature Mappings>>Community Group web.site_features]] page for details about what will change as a result of the migration. 4: 5: Automated content conversion is provided, and test conversions will happen every **Monday, Wednesday, and Friday** throughout August, September and October. These test conversions allow you to see your content on the [[XWiki beta site>>http://markebrooks.github.io]] and see the results of changes you make on opensolaris.org. 6: 7: The following list of instructions and information includes changes you can make to your content on opensolaris.org prior to the final content migration in October and steps you can or might need to make after the final content migration, 8: 9: If you find problems with your content migration, please file bugs at [[defect.opensolaris.org>>http://defect.opensolaris.org]] in the category Development | Website and under the ’site-xwiki’ component. Be sure to provide as much detail as possible, including URLs to pertinent pages and actual HTML or TML code that isn’t working. Before filing a new bug, please refer to the [[current list of open bugs>>http://defect.opensolaris.org/bz/buglist.cgi?quicksearch=site-xwiki]]. 10: 11: === PRE-MIGRATION === 12: 13: **Hidden content is not migrated** 14: 15: If a page has a link 16: to something which is hidden, and it is expected to be migrated, it 17: needs to either be un-hidden, or moved elsewhere and link to it updated. 18: 19: **Page content not migrating at all** 20: 21: Some invalid HTML causes the CSS.pm Perl module (used by the html2wiki converter) to fail in such a way that no content for a page is migrated. 22: 23: One example: Using ’strong’ as a style property. Constructs such as {{code}}{{/code}} will cause such a failure. In this situation, the construct should be changed to two instructions: {{code}} {{/code}}. 24: 25: **Tables** 26: 27: Tables are often malformed, especially in HTML, and malformed tables do not migrate well. The problem is that most browsers will render such malformed HTML reasonably well, so you need to use another tool to 28: verify it, for example, [[a w3 validator>>http://validator.w3.org]]. 29: 30: Make sure tables are correctly formed. Additionally, do not 31: use XWiki syntax 2.0 characters as textual delimiters within a table. 32: 33: RE: pipe character ("|") 34: 35: You can use this in a table if you escape it. The XWiki escape character is the tilde ("~"). So using {{code}}~|{{/code}} should work. 36: 37: RE: column span and row span 38: 39: XWiki doesn’t recognize the HTML concepts of column span and row span. So the ’colspan’ and ’rowspan’ options will not work. 40: 41: RE: bulleted lists 42: 43: There is a way to do this in an XWiki table, but it has to be done using XWiki markup syntax. There is no way to change the HTML to migrate correctly. If you want to use this construct, use the following within the table cell: 44: 45: {{code}}((( 46: <insert list here> 47: ))){{/code}} 48: 49: RE: empty table cells 50: 51: Empty HTML table cells ({{code}}	{{/code}}) contain nothing to translate so they don’t migrate well and tend to mess up table formatting. An easy solution is to insert a space in that cell. That tells the html2wiki tool that the cell is not empty and an empty cell migrates with formatting intact: 52: 53: {{code}} 	{{/code}} 54: 55: **Broken links** 56: 57: Make sure links are correct, including those to attachments. Also, re-target 58: relative links (i.e. links containing ../) to use the absolute path. They don’t migrate well 59: because the page hierarchy is different in XWiki. 60: Fixing links also extends to links to hidden pages, or files attached to hidden 61: pages, on the old opensolaris.org web site. 62: 63: **Links within  tags** 64: 65: For example: 66: {{code}}link text{{/code}} 67: 68: will be visible in the migrated page as; 69: 70: {{code}}[[link text>>Project foo.somePage]]{{/code}} 71: 72: i.e. the XWiki link syntax is reproduced verbatim in the page content 73: because the migration code has (correctly) produced this markup; 74: {{code}}{{code}}[[link text>>Project foo.somePage]]{{/code}}{{/code}} 75: 76: Place the  tags inside the anchor tag, e.g. 77: {{code}}link text{{/code}} 78: 79: or remove the  tags altogether. 80: 81: **The use of  tags within
 tags** 82: 83: The use of  tags within
 tags doesn’t migrate to XWiki. 84: 85: The content migration script deals with this scenario automatically as of Oct 2, 2009. If you have pages that use  tags within
 tags, you may also simply remove the  tags. The text should migrate over in a gray box as designated by the
 tags. 86: 87: **Link texts that are URLs do not respect the link target** 88: 89: The migration process does not alter link text, but should remap link targets to their new locations. However, in XWiki, link text which is a fully qualified URL is used as the link target, overriding the link target in the original document. This means that if your link text is a site URL (i.e. under http://opensolaris.org/os/), the text and link will both be broken after migration. 90: 91: As a workaround, simply change the link text not to be a URL. For example, if you have in TML 92: 93: {{code}}~[http://opensolaris.org/project/foo~]~(http://opensolaris.org/project/foo~){{/code}} 94: 95: change it to 96: 97: {{code}}~[project foo~]~(http://opensolaris.org/project/foo~){{/code}} 98: 99: If you have in HTML 100: 101: {{code}}http://opensolaris.org/communtiy/bar{{/code}} 102: 103: change it to 104: 105: {{code}}bar community{{/code}} 106: 107: **Check your image tags: ** 108: 109: There are instances of malformed image tags that do not migrate properly because they contain an incorrect character: 110: 111: {{code}}<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat" </> {{/code}} 112: 113: The left caret before the closing "/>" is incorrect. 114: 115: The correct syntax for the {{code}}{{/code}} tag is as follows: 116: 117: {{code}}{{/code}} 118: 119: **Copy data from pages that won’t migrate** 120: 121: A set of pages that were programmatically provided by the original portal application do not migrate to XWiki. The list of such pages is in the "Special Features" table on the <site features page>: 122: 123: - articles 124: - blogs 125: - news 126: - announcements 127: - events 128: - discussions 129: 130: If you have data on these pages, you can copy it to new pages within your collective now, and the new pages will migrate. 131: 132: If the data is automatically generated (blogs, announcements), you’ll need to wait until after the migration to set up RSS feeds on the new pages. 133: 134: If the data is small, e.g., the pointer to the Jive forum if your collective has one, it can also be put somewhere on an existing page. 135: 136: If one of the programmatically-generated pages has child pages, do the following: 137: 138: - Create a new parent page for the top-level page and copy content to it. 139: - Reassign the child pages to the new parent page via the drop down menu at the bottom of their content edit boxes in edit mode. 140: 141: Note that you can also wait until after the transition date to create new pages on the new site. 142: 143: === POST-MIGRATION === 144: 145: **Workaround for XWiki editor bug** 146: 147: Sometimes on XWiki, when switching to the XWiki editor from the WYSIWYG editor, you may see a blank page and/or this error message in red: "Exception while parsing HTML". Use the following workaround: Check the URL in the browser window. Make sure the text following the ? is only "editor=wiki". If that is the text already there, re-type some or all of the text. The XWiki markup should then be displayed. 148: 149: This is a bug in XWiki, and we’re not sure when it will be fixed. 150: 151: **Empty File pages** 152: 153: If you have a Files page and it looks empty when it shouldn’t be, do the following; Move your cursor over ’Show’ in the XWiki nav bar at the top of the page. The pull-down menu will include an item called ’Attachments’. Click on that. And the attachments on the Files page will be listed. 154: 155: **Attachments with an underscore in the file name** 156: 157: XWiki removes ’_’ characters from file names. The migration process should take account of this, but may fail to modify all attachment links. 158: 159: Double-check links to attached files and correct where necessary. 160: 161: **Page anchors** 162: 163: XWiki implements page anchors differently than TML or HTML, so a straight migration isn’t possible. 164: 165: The XWiki [[TableOfContents macro>>http://code.xwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Macros/TocMacro20]] can be useful if all that is needed is page anchors to section titles, otherwise the anchors can be manually added post migration, for example if a page has a section heading. 166: 167: Installing 168: 169: which when rendered to HTML by XWiki has an id tag of ’HInstalling’, and so may be linked to thus; 170: 171: {{code}}[[installing>>Community Group example.anchorExample#HInstalling]]{{/code}} 172: 173: **Missing attachments** 174: 175: Some attachments may fail to get uploaded as part of the automated content migration. 176: 177: Manually attach the missing file to the appropriate XWiki page. Note 178: that in some cases, links to the attachment may also be broken, which will also require manual intervention. 179: 180: For example, images which links to a larger version of themselves; 181: 182: {{code}}[[[[image:small.png||alt="Small picture"]]>>large.png]]{{/code}} 183: 184: and the larger image is not attached to the page. To remedy, attach the file and change the link to 185: 186: {{code}}[[[[image:small.png||alt="Small picture"]]>>attach:large.png]]{{/code}} 187: 188: **Escaped Double Dash** 189: 190: Double dashes ("~--") are XWiki syntax for strike out so the migration process escapes these with a tilde ("~"). Unfortunately, the escape character is treated literally inside ’verbatim’ blocks (

 in html and {{{ }}} in XWiki) which might cause unwanted text on XWiki pages after the migration. 191: 192: If you use double dashes, check your pages and if needed, remove the extraneous tilde ("~") in cases where double dashes are used inside verbatim blocks. 193: 194: **Formatting within
 tags** 195: 196: {{code}}
{{/code}} tags translate to XWiki as verbatim blocks. Formatting is translated but won’t result formatting within the {{code}}
{{/code}} blocks. For example, if text is bold within a {{code}}
{{/code}} block, that will translate as: 197: 198: {{code}}** text that was to be bold **{{/code}} 199: 200: showing up within the grey box. 201: 202: After the transition, {{code}}
{{/code}} blocks will need to be checked and any formatting fixed on the XWiki page. 203: 204: **Embedded media** 205: 206: Original information: 207: 208: Media (flash, video etc) which were originally presented with an <OBJECT> tag will not migrate. 209: 210: Upload the necessary files and add a link to what was the embedded media; 211: 212: {{code}}[[Some media file>>attach:User Group<EMAIL_ADDRESS>213: 214: This doesn’t embed the media, but at least it is available to the user, assuming browser support. 215: 216: UPDATE: 217: 218: The use of embedded media will be supported, but the website team will probably need to do manual work on XWiki pages after the migration as opposed to being able to change things on opensolaris.org before the migration. This work will probably include use of a custom macro. 219: 220: More detail will be communicated when we have finalized how this will be handled, but be assured that this will be addressed post-migration and that existing videos on opensolaris.org will be preserved. 221:
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A random collection of commands for the linux shell Bash (and other linux commands that don't yet have their own cheatsheet).
- Backup
- Find out where GRUB is installed
- Run command in screen as one-liner
- Sed - replace with found string
- IRC
- GIT
- General Bash Stuff
Linux Shell Back to Index
Backups **dd**mount -o remount,ro /dev/whatever /
dd if=/dev/whatever bs=1M iflag=direct | dd of=/media/exthdd/backup/$date_backup.dd bs=1M
mount -o remount,rw /dev/whatever /
RSYNC
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Full_system_backup_with_rsync
rsync -aAXv /* /path/to/backup/folder --exclude={/dev/*,/proc/*,/sys/*,/tmp/*,/run/*,/mnt/*,/media/*,/lost+found}
# Backup with rsync and keep folder structure (the /./ is important!)
rsync -avR /source/path/./folder-to-backup user@server:/target/folder/
LVM
# Create root filesystem snapshots with LVM
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Create_root_filesystem_snapshots_with_LVM
Find out where GRUB is installed
Nothing more annoying then getting asked during system upgrades where GRUB should be installed... how 'bout where it was before!? Wait, where was that again?
Just try the disk (e.g. /dev/sda), and if it's not on there, try its partitions. (/dev/sda1)
root@server:~ # dd bs=512 count=1 if=/dev/sda 2>/dev/null |strings
ZRr=
`|f
\|f1
GRUB <--- there it is!
Geom
Hard Disk
Read
Run command in screen as one-liner
screen -dmS name command
screen -dmS screen01 rdesktop -k us -g 1920x1180 <IP_ADDRESS>
Sometimes you need to search for something in a document and replace whatever comed after that with the string you found. For example search for xbob23f
, ybob543
, and zbob123
and replace it with xbobnew
, ybobnew
and zbobnew
respectively. To do that, you need to specify a serachterm in brackets, like .bob (the . being a randomn char), a regular expression for what you want to change, like ... (three dots for three random chars following the searchterm) and a string to replace the found content. The string contains whatever the searchterm (aka .bob) found plus whatever you might want to add to replace ...
.
First, the simple structure of sed
sed -options 's/searchterm/replace/g' #s = search for, g = replace all
Example 1: Replace .bob
with itself (e.g. xbob, ybob, zbob)
sed -re 's/(.bob)/\1/g' #(searchterm) is represented by \1 in replace
Example 2: Replace .bob and the three following chars with the searchresults
sed -re 's/(.bob).../\1/g' #You can add further regex after the (searchterm)
Example 3: Same as above and append _new
to every found string.
sed -re 's/(.bob).../\1_new/g'
Replace x number of random characters
# As always, . stands for any character, but instead of typing five dots, we specify the amount of chars with `{5}`
sed -r 's/^.{5}//'
Replace a line in a file
sed -i '/TEXT_TO_BE_REPLACED/c\This line is removed by the admin.' /tmp/foo
Print a file up until a certain keyword
sed '/Keyword/q' file
IRC **IRSSI IRC encrypt traffic** - don't know if that's all of it...
openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout ~/.irssi/mynick.key -out ~/.irssi/mynick.pem
Connect to defcon IRC
irssi
/connect EFNet
/join #dc-forums
Here are some notes on how to use git - as I always seem to screw things up...
http://gitref.org/basic/#stash
# the basics
git status
git add <file1 file2 | folder | *>
git commit -m "comment"
git push
# delete file
git rm <file>
# delete file from git only (not locally)
git rm --chached <file>
# delete all files from cache that are marked as deleted
sudo git rm --cached $(sudo git ls-files --deleted)
# get a file back that has been deleted locally but not commited yet
git checkout HEAD <file>
# get a file back that has been deleted and commited
git checkout HEAD^ <file>
# temporary move all changes to "stash", to work on something else (e.g. patch)
git stash
# after patch (or whatever) is done, get back to previous work
git stash apply
If you have committed something (not pushed) that you want to revert, use
# for the current commit
git reset HEAD
# for the one before the current
git reset HEAD~1
or if just want to reset them and get them back later,
git reset --soft HEAD
If git annoys you with multiple files, that are being tracked and that have changed but you don't really care about them (in fact they're just taking up space in git status...)
# Ignore tracked files
git update-index --assume-unchanged <file>
# If you wanna start tracking changes again run the following command:
git update-index --no-assume-unchanged <file>
# If you want to find all files that have been added to this list, use the following:
git ls-files -v|grep '^h'
General Bash Stuff
Set sticky bit to keep user or group throughout a directory or subdirectory when editing, moving or creating files under a different user
# Example folder structure
mkdir -p myfolder/subfolder/lastfolder
# Set folder ownership the way you want it
chown -R myuser:www-data myfolder
# Perm: myuser:r/w/x, www-data (group):r/x, everyone: nothing
chmod -R 750 myfolder
# To keep the ownership of myuser, set the sticky bit for user
chmod u+s myfolder
# Or with -R for recursive if you want to keep is throughout all subfolders
chmod -R u+s myfolder
# To keep the ownership of the group www-data, set the sticky bit for group (-R optional)
chmod -R g+s myfolder
# Get permissions of file/s in octal form
# stat -c = format of stat output
# "%a %n" = print "octal-permissions filename"
stat -c "%a %n" /etc/sudoers.d/*
Apt-Get
Install Security Updates (-s is dryrun!)
grep security /etc/apt/sources.list > /etc/apt/security.sources.list
apt-get upgrade -o Dir::Etc::SourceList=/etc/apt/security.sources.list -s
Pakete auf Hold setzen
dpkg --get-selections |grep hold
echo -e "packetname\thold" |sudo dpkg --set-selections
#search packet with apt or dpkg
apt-cache search packetname
dpkg --get-selection |grep packetname
#show packet
apt-cache showpkg packetname
#set hold
echo "packetname hold" |dpkg --set-selections
#set install
echo "packetname install" |dpkg --set-selections
MySQL Packet Troubleshooting (5.5 vs. 5.6)
#Prüfen welche versionen installiert sind
sudo apt-cache policy mysql-server-5.[5,6]
#Prüfen welche version läuft
sudo mysql -V
sudo mysqld -V
#MySQL 5.5 deinstallieren
sudo apt-get remove mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server-core-5.5 mysql-client-5.5
# Anschließend unbedingt MySQL 5.6 wieder starten, da dieses bei der deinstallation von 5.5 gestoppt wird.
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start
#Prüfen welche version läuft
sudo mysql -V
sudo mysqld -V
List files
# list one file per line (1), don't go into subdirs and print full path (d)
ls -1d /etc/*
# show newest log at the bottom, oldest at the top.
# list all (a) in long-format (l), human readable (h), sorted by time (t) reverse (r)
ls -alhtr /var/log/
AWK
Print everything except first Collumn
awk -F "delimiter" {'$1=""; print $0'}
GREP
Grepplings that I need but never want to figure out on my own...
# grep for a string that is exactly 23 chars long (any chars)
grep '^.\{22\}$'
# grep for a string that is exactly 23 chars long (charset a-z)
grep '^[a-z]\{22\}$'
Locales on Ubuntu 14.04 - Fresh LXC install
fmohr@ubuntu-1404:~$ locale
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
[...]
# To fix it, just run locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
fmohr@ubuntu-1404:~$ sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
/bin/bash: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (en_US.UTF8)
Generating locales...
en_US.UTF-8... done
Generation complete.
fmohr@ubuntu-1404:~$ locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
[...]
User Permissions and Groups
If you can't remember your root password, or run usermod -G group user
without the -a
option and now find yourself without sudo rights, here is how you reset your root password or group settings.
askubuntu.com/questions/24006/how-do-i-reset-a-lost-administrative-password
# Reboot your system
# Keep hitting SHIFT to get into GRUB selection
# Select Recovery, or Advanced options -> Recovery
# Once the blue/red/greyish menu pops up, select root or netroot shell
# Remount / with
mount -rw -o remount /
# Change root password
passwd root
# Or reset your group settings (first example vbox host, second vbox guest)
usermod -a -G hashtagsecurity,adm,cdrom,sudo,dip,plugdev,lpadmin,sambashare,vboxusers hashtagsecurity
usermod -a -G hashtagsecurity,adm,cdrom,sudo,dip,plugdev,lpadmin,sambashare,vboxsf hashtagsecurity
# You might not need all of the groups - these are just an example
SSL Cert Voodoo
This is a good blogpost when it comes to getting info from ssl certificates!
# Use openssl to get the valid-dates of a SSL cert directly from a website
# If you want a complete ssl scan, use sslscan instead!
echo | openssl s_client -connect google.com:443 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -dates
notBefore=Jun 19 12:44:04 2013 GMT
notAfter=Oct 31 23:59:59 2013 GMT
# Not SSL, but handy if you are looking for hosts to check...
nmap -PN -p 443 -iL ./all_my_hosts.txt -oN nmap_results.txt
# Now check all open ports for ssl certs with this small bash script.
#!/bin/bash
for i in `grep -B 4 open nmap_results.txt |grep "Nmap scan report" |awk {'print $5'}`
do
j=`curl -Ik -m 5 -s https://$i |head -n 1`
k=`echo $j|awk {'print $2'}`
echo "Host: $i, Status: $j"
if [[ "$k" != "401" && "$k" != "" ]]
then
echo -n "$i;" && echo | openssl s_client -connect $i:443 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -subject -dates |sed 's/subject=.*CN/CN/g' |sed 's/$/;/g' |tr -d "\n" |sed 's/$/\n/g'
fi
done
Check Server for supported SSL protocol versions - It should look like this - SSL3 (or -ssl2) not supported, which is good!
$> openssl s_client -connect server:443 -ssl3
CONNECTED(00000003)
140131777316512:error:14094410:SSL routines:SSL3_READ_BYTES:sslv3 alert handshake failure:s3_pkt.c:1260:SSL alert number 40
140131777316512:error:1409E0E5:SSL routines:SSL3_WRITE_BYTES:ssl handshake failure:s3_pkt.c:596:
---
no peer certificate available
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 7 bytes and written 0 bytes
---
New, (NONE), Cipher is (NONE)
Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
SSL-Session:
Protocol : SSLv3
Cipher : 0000
Session-ID:
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key:
Key-Arg : None
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
Start Time:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Timeout : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---
Bad Example - This is a successfull connect - in case of SSL2 and SSL3 something you don't want!
$> openssl s_client -connect server:443 -ssl3
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=1 C = US, O = DigiCert Inc, OU = www.digicert.com, CN = DigiCert SHA2 High Assurance Server CA
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
verify return:0
---
Certificate chain
[...]
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
[...]
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 3079 bytes and written 288 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
SSL-Session:
Protocol : SSLv3
Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
[...]
Even more random Bash stuff
Run a minimal http server on linux using netcat (nc)
while true;do nc -l -p 8080 -q 1 <<<"Hello World";done
while true;do nc -l -p 8080 -q 1 < index.html ;done
#with interpreted html (note, internal links will not work!)
while true; do { echo -e 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'; cat index.html; } | nc -l -p 8080 -q 1; done
VirtualBox shared folder troubleshooting
I know it's just a link, but a good one! https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?t=15868
Also, so you can access your files without sudo...
sudo usermod -a -G vboxsf username


Python script to assist in updating the Paper Minecraft Server.
I host a couple of Minecraft Servers for my friends and I to play on from time to time. My server of choice is Paper, a high performance fork of Spigot, which is a fork of the CraftBukkit Minecraft Server (I promise it doesn't go any deeper!). Development of Paper is very active, with new builds being released multiple times a day. I soon realised that keeping multiple servers up to date would become a chore, so I wrote a Python script to automatically update the servers for me.
Before long, I ended up with a Python script that fits my needs, and hopefully someone else's!
While the main purpose of this script is to update the server, I wanted to make this script as customizable as possible so that it can be used in a wide range of scenarios. A brief list of features can be found below:
• Rename the downloaded server jar (so that startup scripts, etc don't need to be modified!)
• Update multiple servers at once
• Restart a server once the server jar has been replaced
• List all versions or builds available for the Paper Server
• Download a specific build of a version of the Paper Server
As with many of my projects, paper-updater is fully open source and available at GitHub.


Newling
This page contains an index of all the individuals in the database with the surname of Newling. Selecting the person’s name will take you to that person’s individual page.
| Given Name | Birth | Death | Partner | Parents |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abraham | 1835-02-23 | Aug qtr 1837 | Newling, James Driver, Mary | |
| Abraham, of Smith St, P'matta | 1840-10-06 | 1902-08-15 | Byrnes, Catherine | Newling, James Driver, Mary |
| Albert E. | 1891 | 1934 | Newling, Hezekiah Hodges, Lydia | |
| Albert L:eslie Randolph | 1978 | Egenton, Betty Ann | Newling, Joseph Randolph Edwards, Lilly May | |
| Anne | 1852 | 1933 | McCann, Robert | Newling, James Driver, Mary |
| Annie Lucinda | 1874 | Swain, Henry or Harry C. M. | Newling, Hezekiah Hodges, Lydia | |
| Arnold L. | 1886 | Newling, Jacob Crane, Isabella Sarah | ||
| Arthur Abraham | 1863 | 1891-09-07 | Morley, Alice Ada | Newling, Abraham of Smith St, P'matta Byrnes, Catherine |
| Arthur Abraham | 1887 | 1894-07-26 | Newling, Arthur Abraham Morley, Alice Ada | |
| Arthur Ernest | 1901 | 1960-11-01 | Newling, Joseph Randolph Edwards, Lilly May | |
| Caroline | 1838 | 1891-09-21 | Gazzard, Moses | Newling, James Driver, Mary |
| Charles Bernard | 1868 | 1951 | Herbert, Sarah Mary | Newling, Abraham of Smith St, P'matta Byrnes, Catherine |
| Christina May | 1872 | 1929 | Newling, Hezekiah Hodges, Lydia | |
| Edwin James | 1879 | 1939-01-14 | Newling, Hezekiah Hodges, Lydia | |
| Eileen Vera | Newling, Joseph Randolph Edwards, Lilly May | |||
| Elaine A. M. | 1897 | 1897 | Newling, Joseph Randolph Edwards, Lilly May | |
| Elaine Alice, of Brookvale | 1883 | 1962 | Eades, Thomas Ernest | Newling, Abraham of Smith St, P'matta Byrnes, Catherine |
| Ella E. | 1882 | Newling, Isaac Ashley, Amelia | ||
| Elsie Amelia | 1880 | Newling, Isaac Ashley, Amelia | ||
| Elsie B. | 1883 | McCann, William | Newling, Hezekiah Hodges, Lydia | |
| Emily | 1833-03-27 | Apr qtr1849 | Newling, James Driver, Mary | |
| Emily Jane | 1864 | 1926-06-26 | Forsyth, Alexander Chisholm | Newling, Abraham of Smith St, P'matta Byrnes, Catherine |
| Ethel May | 1875 | 1941-01-24 | Newling, Isaac Ashley, Amelia | |
| Eva | 1869 | 1937 | Newling, Isaac Ashley, Amelia | |
| Fanny | 1873 | 1875 | Newling, Isaac Ashley, Amelia | |
| Hedley Spencer | 1879 | 1917-05-03 | Newling, Abraham of Smith St, P'matta Byrnes, Catherine | |
| Hezekiah | 1847 | 1917-08-23 | Hodges, Lydia | Newling, James Driver, Mary |
| Isaac | 1844 | 1919-04-30 | Ashley, Amelia | Newling, James Driver, Mary |
| Jacob | Apr qtr 1850 | 1915 | Crane, Isabella Sarah | Newling, James Driver, Mary |
| James | 1811 | 1874-11-14 | Driver, Mary | |
| James William | 1870 | 1957 | Daniel, Matta Adolphinia | Newling, Abraham of Smith St, P'matta Byrnes, Catherine |
| Jean Emmeline | c1918 | Bell, [Living] | Newling, Joseph Randolph Edwards, Lilly May | |
| Joseph Randolph | 1873 | 1944-06-24 | Edwards, Lilly May | Newling, Abraham of Smith St, P'matta Byrnes, Catherine |
| Leslie Morton, of Dalley St, P'matta | 1875 | 1930-05-27 | Crea, Elizabeth Jane Mc | Newling, Abraham of Smith St, P'matta Byrnes, Catherine |
| Lilly May | 1876 | 1960 | Newling, Hezekiah Hodges, Lydia | |
| Louisa Mary | 1881 | 1884 | Newling, Abraham of Smith St, P'matta Byrnes, Catherine | |
| Lucy | 1877 | Newling, Isaac Ashley, Amelia | ||
| Lucy Ann, of Harris St P'matta | 1866 | 1940-02-28 | Hughes, Walter Shelly | Newling, Abraham of Smith St, P'matta Byrnes, Catherine |
| Mary Ann | 1871 | Newling, Isaac Ashley, Amelia | ||
| Millie May | 1876 | 1877-01-10 | Newling, Abraham of Smith St, P'matta Byrnes, Catherine | |
| Milly Louisa | 1878-09-00 | 1879-03-13 | Newling, Abraham of Smith St, P'matta Byrnes, Catherine | |
| Myra Eileen | 1905 | Brooks, Alfred T. | Newling, Joseph Randolph Edwards, Lilly May | |
| Myrtle D. | 1888 | Newling, Isaac Ashley, Amelia | ||
| Oscar Harold Arthur | 1881 | 1922-07-26 | Newling, Jacob Crane, Isabella Sarah | |
| Percy C. | 1885 | Newling, Jacob Crane, Isabella Sarah | ||
| Raymond Kenneth | 1935-05-06 | Newling, Reginald Samuel O'Brien, Mary T | ||
| Raymond Spencer | 1908 | 1978-07-14 | ???, Annie Madeline | Newling, Joseph Randolph Edwards, Lilly May |
| Reginald Samuel | 1890 | 1956-12-14 | O'Brien, Mary T, Nichols, Muriel Mildred | Newling, Arthur Abraham Morley, Alice Ada |
| Reginald Samuel | 1910 | 1916-09-25 | Newling, Reginald Samuel Nichols, Muriel Mildred | |
| Vera E. A. | 1891 | Bowman, William Robert | Newling, Arthur Abraham Morley, Alice Ada | |
| Vera F. | 1899 | 1900 | Newling, Joseph Randolph Edwards, Lilly May | |
| Victoria E. | 1886 | 1988 | Newling, Isaac Ashley, Amelia | |
| Walter John | 1872 | 1945-07-11 | Brown, Esther Maud | Newling, Abraham of Smith St, P'matta Byrnes, Catherine |
| [Living] | Newling, Raymond Spencer ???, Annie Madeline | |||
| [Living] | Newling, Raymond Spencer ???, Annie Madeline |


LATEST
Update Info:
Improvements: - Turns on Wifi automatically for frequency base algorithm - In order to compensate for location inaccuracy we've added both coordinates and frequency base algorithms. - Bumped framework. Fixes: - Fixed Camera memory leak - Some minor and major bug fixesOLD VERSIONS


Welcome to our dedicated website for Computer Architecture CIA !!
Please go through the rules and register yourself (one member per team) in order to attempt the quiz.
Note: This is no ordinary quiz. You have to really know your way through each level.
All the best! =)
About our team
We are Group 7 and comprise of Rahul Raja Raman and myself (Akshay Sadarangani). We wanted to do something different from what has been happening but at the same time maintain the awesomeness of the event and hence agreed upon this idea. Rahul made the questions while I made the website. Hope you enjoy your experience here! =)


merclass - a module that tries to fix the Mercenary AI behavior
local MERCLASS = dofile('./AI/USER_AI/lib/merclass.lua')
merclass is a module that implements an actor object with a different class method. The original class only works with homunculus (and the correspondent GetV call) or can only recognize only the Mercenary's class.
Important note: Currently, only suports players.
Creates an actor object from the gid gid.
This actor object has a special class method, that tries to guess the actor's class (since their original GetV call only works with homunculus).
Creates an actor group object from the all detectable actors with the custom actor class method. Optionally, it can receive a foreach function that executes for each actor.
Sets the difference between GID_BASE (default: 110000000) and the gid of the first spawned mob (default: Prontera's Wild Rose).
Sets the major RO update version for compatibility.
version should be 'pre-renewal' or 'renewal.'
Edii Knorand - <https://github.com/ediiknorand/>


What I Love & Hate about uWaterloo
I made the decision to study at Waterloo over 3 years ago, and I have no doubts it was the right decision. In this blog post, I will discuss the things that I love and hate about the University of Waterloo.
What I love…
1. The people I’ve met and the experiences I’ve gained
Simply put, I’ve met a lot of great people through my three years in Waterloo and co-op terms. The value of a university degree doesn’t come from the piece of paper I’ll get when I graduate - it’s from the experiences I’ve gained.
2. Invaluable work experience through 6 co-op terms
Through my four co-op terms so far, I’ve learned so much about the industry and developed real practical skills. Co-op is also a great opportunity to travel to different places, and only have to commit to an employer for 4 months.
3. The network of Waterloo students, staff, and alumni
If you put yourself out there, it’s very easy to meet like-minded individuals and build a personal network at Waterloo. A recent notable experience was hiking the Rocky Mountains in Colorado with a Waterloo Math lecturer!
4. $$$
Because of co-op, I’ll graduate university with zero debt. Having spoken to many students from American colleges, the cost of a Waterloo degree is comparatively cheap. Living expenses are also fairly low in Waterloo - you don’t have to pay over $1,200 a month to live on a couch!
5. An extra year to figure life out
Some people complain that our co-op programs take an extra year to complete, but it’s one of the things I appreciate the most.
What I hate…
1. Moving every 4 months
The possibility of moving around every 4 months makes it hard to start or maintain friendships and relationships. There’s also the dilemma of being off-stream, where you basically never see another Waterloo student due to opposite co-op schedules. Other consequences of moving every four months include the lack of stability, no summer breaks, and the stress of having to find housing.
2. The huge focus on academics and preparing for co-op
This is a consequence of having to cram tons of material in a 12 week term, and always having look for next term’s co-op placement. It’s not necessarily a bad thing to work really hard in life, but for many Waterloo students, it seems like they don’t have the opportunity to just “chill out” and enjoy the college life.
3. Lack of continuity
Once again, this occurs due to alternating academic and co-op terms. It’s difficult for student clubs and societies to run very well when people come and go every four months.
4. Lack of flexibility in academics
This problem is prominent amongst engineering programs at Waterloo. I really wish I had the opportunity to take more diverse courses, but there’s not much flexibility. I really admire the students at Stanford, who have much greater flexibility and diversity of courses.
5. CIF
This is a less serious complaint, but CIF (the main gym) is too crowded for my liking.


#include <XSECBinTXFMInputStream.hpp>
Collaboration diagram for XSECBinTXFMInputStream:
This class provides a wrapper for a TXFMChain. It can be used to either provide a nice interface to applications wishing to read the BYTESTREAM output of a TXFM chain, or, as it is derived from BinInputStream, provide an input to the Xerces Parser.
Interface | |
| virtual unsigned int | curPos () const |
| Current position in stream. | |
| virtual unsigned int | readBytes (XMLByte *const toFill, const unsigned int maxToRead) |
| Retrieve the required number of bytes and return. | |
Public Member Functions | |
Constructors and Destructors | |
| XSECBinTXFMInputStream (TXFMChain *lst, bool deleteWhenDone=true) | |
| Construct around an existing transform list. | |
| virtual | ~XSECBinTXFMInputStream () |
| Destructor. | |
Stream management methods | |
| void | reset () |
| Reset the stream. |
|
|
Construct around an existing transform list.
|
|
|
Destructor. Delete the object. If deleteWhenDone was set during construction, will delete the chain if it has not already been done. |
|
|
Current position in stream.
|
|
|
Retrieve the required number of bytes and return. Retrieve up to the requested number of bytes. Does not always retrieve as much as requested, but will always retrieve something until completed.
|
|
|
Reset the stream.
|


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7
8
9
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L"mj;v'Nv
The
New
York
copyright
reserved
Botanical
Garden
ft
EX
HERB.
HORT.
BOT.
REG.
KEW.
FLORA
OF
TRINIDAD
Herb
to
about
80
cm.
tall.
Leaves
pale
green
(bluish
but
not
glaucous).
Flowers
with
white
tube,
bluish-lilac
limb.
Savanna
at
north
end
of
Scotland
Bay.
D.Philcox
&
M.
Olivier
8186
16.8.1977
New
York
Botanical
Garden
Ik24b05
1624605
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


Software Developer at IBM ISL Lab,Banglore
I'm a Mobile and Web Developer, I like To read more about web technologies and cloud


Achievement-driven, motivated, and hardworking senior seeking internship opportunities in Fall 2015 or Spring 2016 for Web developer, Front End, Back End, or Full Stack position.
I like to build and fix things, physically or virtually. I find great pleasures when I make things work again, or make people amazed about my work. I'm a competitor, it motives me when I know that I am doing better than my peers. I love to learn and explore new things. When I am hooked on something, I will spend hours trying to master/finish it.
To me, the key to success is the ability to adapt. It is fine not knowing everything that you need to know about your career, as long as you are willing to learn and be co-operative with others who can teach you, you should do just fine. Be patient and work hard, eventually you will get there.
Sep 2013 - Dec 2015
Bachelor of Arts - Computer Science
GPA: 3.4, Dean's List for 2014~2015
Relevant Courses
Sep 2010 - June 2013
Associate of Arts - Liberal Arts
GPA: 3.88, Dean's List 2010~2013
BMCC Foundation Scholarship
Sep 2010 - Current
Front-Desk Manager (PartTime)
Duties
Overview
This job trains me to multitask well under pressure in a fast-paced environment, sharpens my leadership skills, and also strengthens my teamwork skill with my coworkers.
Oct 2015 - Current
Course: Cuny Tech Prep
Objective: In the complete application, users will be able to sign up, post any tools they want to share with the community, and check out tools they want to borrow. The application will handle tool check in and check out, allow searching, categorizing tools, and reviewing tools.
Course Description: The framework we will use in this class is the Play Framework. Play is a modern full stack framework built on top of the JVM (Java Virtual Machine) that will allow students to build complete web applications and write code for all parts of the stack using the MVC (Model-View-Controller) programming pattern. On the front-end, Play allows us to use HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. For the database, we will use a relational database (Postgresql), and we will also use a NoSQL database (MongoDB) within the same project. The back-end will be developed in Java.
Skills Practiced:
Sep 2015 - Current
Objective: I hope to gain a better and more solid understanding of the Front-End materials that I've learned by practicing using them. As I learn more and more, I'll add on more features that I found interesting.
Skills Practiced:
Summer 2015
Course: Distributed System
Objective: The task was to develope a multi-threaded server/clients program that establishes connection via sockets. The server and the clients uses sockets for communication. The clients send numbers over socket, once the server receives the numbers it will invoke the corresponding method. Using this approach, we have recreate the simulation scenario we did for project 1, which was focuses in thread synchronization using Java monitor.
Skills Practiced:
(Semester Project)
May 2015
Course: Software Engineering
Objective: The task was to design and develope a program to play Hollywood Square in a group of five students. We went through all of the different stages of development of a program. We designed the program by UCD, UCT, CD, AD, CRD, CRC, Script, SMD, SD, and SS. We then later develope the program in Java (We have the opinion to do it with GUI or console-based).
Skills Practiced:
Rated based on my own personal opinion, on a scale of 1 to 5 stars (5 being very experienced, 1 to 2 being knowledgable)
Front-End
Back-End
Database
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