public interface PersistenceCapable
This interface defines methods that allow the implementation to manage the instances. It also defines methods that allow a JDO aware application to examine the runtime state of instances. For example, an application can discover whether the instance is persistent, transactional, dirty, new, deleted, or detached; and to get its associated PersistenceManager, object identity, and version if it has one.
In the Reference Implementation, the JDO Enhancer modifies the class to implement PersistenceCapable prior to loading the class into the runtime environment. The Reference Enhancer also adds code to implement the methods defined by PersistenceCapable.
The extra methods in the PersistenceCapable interface might be generated by pre-processing a .java file, or might be generated from a tool directly. The exact technique for generating the extra methods is not specified by JDO.
The PersistenceCapable interface is designed to avoid name conflicts in the scope of user-defined classes. All of its declared method names are prefixed with 'jdo'.
| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
static interface |
PersistenceCapable.ObjectIdFieldConsumer
This interface is used to store fields from the Object id instance.
|
static interface |
PersistenceCapable.ObjectIdFieldManager
This interface is a convenience interface that allows an instance to
implement both
ObjectIdFieldSupplier and
ObjectIdFieldConsumer . |
static interface |
PersistenceCapable.ObjectIdFieldSupplier
This interface is used to provide fields to the Object id instance.
|
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static byte |
CHECK_READ
If jdoFieldFlags for a field includes CHECK_READ, then
the field has been enhanced to call the jdoStateManager on read
if the jdoFlags setting is not READ_OK or READ_WRITE_OK.
|
static byte |
CHECK_WRITE
If jdoFieldFlags for a field includes CHECK_WRITE,
then the field has been enhanced to call the
jdoStateManager on write if the jdoFlags setting is not
READ_WRITE_OK;.
|
static byte |
LOAD_REQUIRED
If jdoFlags is set to LOAD_REQUIRED, then the fields in the default fetch group
cannot be accessed for read or write without notifying the StateManager.
|
static byte |
MEDIATE_READ
If jdoFieldFlags for a field includes MEDIATE_READ, then
the field has been enhanced to always call the jdoStateManager
on all reads.
|
static byte |
MEDIATE_WRITE
If jdoFieldFlags for a field includes MEDIATE_WRITE, then
the field has been enhanced to always call the jdoStateManager
on all writes.
|
static byte |
READ_OK
If jdoFlags is set to READ_OK, then the fields in the default fetch group
can be accessed for read without notifying the StateManager.
|
static byte |
READ_WRITE_OK
If jdoFlags is set to READ_WRITE_OK, then the fields in the default fetch group
can be accessed for read or write without notifying the StateManager.
|
static byte |
SERIALIZABLE
If jdoFieldFlags for a field includes SERIALIZABLE,
then the field is not declared as TRANSIENT.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
jdoCopyFields(Object other,
int[] fieldNumbers)
Copy field values from another instance of the same class
to this instance.
|
void |
jdoCopyKeyFieldsFromObjectId(PersistenceCapable.ObjectIdFieldConsumer fm,
Object oid)
Copy fields to an outside consumer from the key fields in the ObjectId.
|
void |
jdoCopyKeyFieldsToObjectId(Object oid)
Copy fields from this PersistenceCapable instance to the Object Id
instance.
|
void |
jdoCopyKeyFieldsToObjectId(PersistenceCapable.ObjectIdFieldSupplier fm,
Object oid)
Copy fields from an outside source to the key fields in the ObjectId.
|
Object |
jdoGetObjectId()
Return a copy of the JDO identity associated with this instance.
|
PersistenceManager |
jdoGetPersistenceManager()
Return the associated PersistenceManager if there is one.
|
Object |
jdoGetTransactionalObjectId()
Return a copy of the JDO identity associated with this instance.
|
Object |
jdoGetVersion()
Return the version of this instance.
|
boolean |
jdoIsDeleted()
Tests whether this object has been deleted.
|
boolean |
jdoIsDetached()
Tests whether this object has been detached.
|
boolean |
jdoIsDirty()
Tests whether this object is dirty.
|
boolean |
jdoIsNew()
Tests whether this object has been newly made persistent.
|
boolean |
jdoIsPersistent()
Tests whether this object is persistent.
|
boolean |
jdoIsTransactional()
Tests whether this object is transactional.
|
void |
jdoMakeDirty(String fieldName)
Explicitly mark this instance and this field dirty.
|
PersistenceCapable |
jdoNewInstance(StateManager sm)
Return a new instance of this class, with the jdoStateManager set to the
parameter, and jdoFlags set to LOAD_REQUIRED.
|
PersistenceCapable |
jdoNewInstance(StateManager sm,
Object oid)
Return a new instance of this class, with the jdoStateManager set to the
parameter, key fields initialized to the values in the oid, and jdoFlags
set to LOAD_REQUIRED.
|
Object |
jdoNewObjectIdInstance()
Create a new instance of the
ObjectId class for this PersistenceCapable class and initialize
the key fields from the instance on which this method is called.
|
Object |
jdoNewObjectIdInstance(Object o)
Create a new instance of the class used for JDO identity, using the
key constructor of the object id class.
|
void |
jdoProvideField(int fieldNumber)
The owning StateManager uses this method to ask the instance to
provide the value of the single field identified by fieldNumber.
|
void |
jdoProvideFields(int[] fieldNumbers)
The owning StateManager uses this method to ask the instance to
provide the values of the multiple fields identified by fieldNumbers.
|
void |
jdoReplaceField(int fieldNumber)
The owning StateManager uses this method to ask the instance to
replace the value of the single field identified by number.
|
void |
jdoReplaceFields(int[] fieldNumbers)
The owning StateManager uses this method to ask the instance to
replace the values of the multiple fields identified by number.
|
void |
jdoReplaceFlags()
The owning StateManager uses this method to ask the instance to
replace the value of the flags by calling back the StateManager
replacingFlags method.
|
void |
jdoReplaceStateManager(StateManager sm)
This method sets the StateManager instance that manages the state
of this instance.
|
static final byte READ_WRITE_OK
static final byte LOAD_REQUIRED
static final byte READ_OK
static final byte CHECK_READ
static final byte MEDIATE_READ
static final byte CHECK_WRITE
static final byte MEDIATE_WRITE
static final byte SERIALIZABLE
PersistenceManager jdoGetPersistenceManager()
Transient non-transactional instances return null.
This method always delegates to the StateManager if it is non-null.
void jdoReplaceStateManager(StateManager sm) throws SecurityException
sm
- The StateManager which will own this instance, or null
to reset the instance to transient stateSecurityException
- if the caller does not have JDOPermissionJDOPermission
void jdoProvideField(int fieldNumber)
fieldNumber
- the field whose value is to be provided by
a callback to the StateManager's
providedXXXField methodvoid jdoProvideFields(int[] fieldNumbers)
fieldNumbers
- the fields whose values are to be provided by
multiple callbacks to the StateManager's
providedXXXField methodvoid jdoReplaceField(int fieldNumber)
fieldNumber
- the field whose value is to be replaced by
a callback to the StateManager's
replacingXXXField methodvoid jdoReplaceFields(int[] fieldNumbers)
fieldNumbers
- the fields whose values are to be replaced by
multiple callbacks to the StateManager's
replacingXXXField methodvoid jdoReplaceFlags()
void jdoCopyFields(Object other, int[] fieldNumbers)
This method will throw an exception if the other instance is not managed by the same StateManager as this instance.
other
- the PC instance from which field values are to be copiedfieldNumbers
- the field numbers to be copied into this instancevoid jdoMakeDirty(String fieldName)
The field name should be the fully qualified name, including package name and class name of the class declaring the field. This allows unambiguous identification of the field to be marked dirty. If multiple classes declare the same field, and if the package and class name are not provided by the parameter in this API, then the field marked dirty is the field declared by the most derived class.
Transient instances ignore this method.
fieldName
- the name of the field to be marked dirty.Object jdoGetObjectId()
Persistent instances of PersistenceCapable classes have a JDO identity managed by the PersistenceManager. This method returns a copy of the ObjectId that represents the JDO identity.
Transient instances return null.
The ObjectId may be serialized and later restored, and used with a PersistenceManager from the same JDO implementation to locate a persistent instance with the same data store identity.
If the JDO identity is managed by the application, then the ObjectId may be used with a PersistenceManager from any JDO implementation that supports the PersistenceCapable class.
If the JDO identity is not managed by the application or the data store, then the ObjectId returned is only valid within the current transaction.
If the JDO identity is being changed in the transaction, this method returns the object id as of the beginning of the current transaction.
PersistenceManager.getObjectId(Object pc)
,
PersistenceManager.getObjectById(Object oid, boolean validate)
Object jdoGetTransactionalObjectId()
If the JDO identity is being changed in the transaction, this method returns the current object id as modified in the current transaction.
jdoGetObjectId()
,
PersistenceManager.getObjectId(Object pc)
,
PersistenceManager.getObjectById(Object oid, boolean validate)
Object jdoGetVersion()
boolean jdoIsDirty()
Transient instances return false.
JDOHelper.isDirty(Object pc)
,
JDOHelper.makeDirty(Object pc, String fieldName)
,
jdoMakeDirty(String fieldName)
boolean jdoIsTransactional()
Transient instances return false.
JDOHelper.isTransactional(Object pc)
,
PersistenceManager.makeTransactional(Object pc)
boolean jdoIsPersistent()
JDOHelper.isPersistent(Object pc)
,
PersistenceManager.makePersistent(Object pc)
boolean jdoIsNew()
Transient instances return false.
JDOHelper.isNew(Object pc)
,
PersistenceManager.makePersistent(Object pc)
boolean jdoIsDeleted()
Transient instances return false.
JDOHelper.isDeleted(Object pc)
,
PersistenceManager.deletePersistent(Object pc)
boolean jdoIsDetached()
Transient instances return false.
JDOHelper.isDetached(Object pc)
PersistenceCapable jdoNewInstance(StateManager sm)
This method is used as a performance optimization as an alternative to using reflection to construct a new instance. It is used by the JDOImplHelper class method newInstance.
sm
- the StateManager that will own the new instance.JDOImplHelper.newInstance(Class pcClass, StateManager sm)
PersistenceCapable jdoNewInstance(StateManager sm, Object oid)
This method is used as a performance optimization as an alternative to using reflection to construct a new instance of a class that uses application identity. It is used by the JDOImplHelper class method newInstance.
sm
- the StateManager that will own the new instance.oid
- an instance of the object id class (application identity).JDOImplHelper.newInstance(Class pcClass, StateManager sm)
Object jdoNewObjectIdInstance()
For classes using single field identity, this method must be called
on an instance of a persistence-capable class with its primary key
field initialized (not null), or a
JDONullIdentityException
is thrown.
The instance returned is initialized with the value(s) of the primary key field(s) of the instance on which the method is called.
Object jdoNewObjectIdInstance(Object o)
For classes that use single field identity, if the parameter is of one of the following types, the behavior must be as specified:
Number
or Character
: the
parameter must be the single field
type or the wrapper class of the primitive field type; the parameter
is passed to the single field identity constructor
ObjectIdFieldSupplier
: the field value
is fetched from the ObjectIdFieldSupplier
and passed to the
single field identity constructor
String
: the String is passed to the
single field identity constructor
o
- the object identity constructor parametervoid jdoCopyKeyFieldsToObjectId(Object oid)
JDOUserException
.oid
- the ObjectId target of the key fieldsvoid jdoCopyKeyFieldsToObjectId(PersistenceCapable.ObjectIdFieldSupplier fm, Object oid)
PersistenceCapable
class to generate
a call to the field manager for each key field in the ObjectId. For
example, an ObjectId class that has three key fields (int id,
String name, and Float salary)
would have the method generated:
void jdoCopyKeyFieldsToObjectId
(ObjectIdFieldSupplier fm, Object objectId) {
EmployeeKey oid = (EmployeeKey)objectId;
oid.id = fm.fetchIntField (0);
oid.name = fm.fetchStringField (1);
oid.salary = fm.fetchObjectField (2);
}
The implementation is responsible for implementing the
ObjectIdFieldSupplier
to produce the values
for the key fields.
For classes using single field identity, this method always
throws JDOUserException
.
oid
- the ObjectId target of the copy.fm
- the field supplier that supplies the field values.void jdoCopyKeyFieldsFromObjectId(PersistenceCapable.ObjectIdFieldConsumer fm, Object oid)
PersistenceCapable
class to generate
a call to the field manager for each key field in the ObjectId. For
example, an ObjectId class that has three key fields (int id,
String name, and Float salary)
would have the method generated:
void copyKeyFieldsFromObjectId
(ObjectIdFieldConsumer fm, Object objectId) {
EmployeeKey oid = (EmployeeKey)objectId;
fm.storeIntField (0, oid.id);
fm.storeStringField (1, oid.name);
fm.storeObjectField (2, oid.salary);
}
The implementation is responsible for implementing the
ObjectIdFieldConsumer
to store the values for the
key fields.
oid
- the ObjectId source of the copy.fm
- the field manager that receives the field values.Copyright © 2005–2015 Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.


Escorts tractor October sales up 1.6% at 13,353 units
The company had sold a total of 13,140 units in the same month last year, Escorts Ltd said in a regulatory filing.
by PTIFarm equipment and engineering major Escorts Ltd on Friday reported 1.6 percent increase in tractor sales at 13,353 units in October.
The company had sold a total of 13,140 units in the same month last year, Escorts Ltd said in a regulatory filing.
Domestic tractor sales last month were at 13,034 units, compared to 12,867 in October 2018, a growth of 1.3 percent, it said.
Close
Exports stood at 319 units as compared to 273 in the same month last year, growth a 16.8 percent, the company said.Special Thursday Expiry on 10th 7th Nov
Early Closure to The Great Diwali Discount. Last Chance to get Moneycontrol PRO for a year @ Rs. 289/- only
Coupon code: DIWALI


TOWN SQUARE DENTAL<PHONE_NUMBER>
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The localization package offers a number of value types and value support that can be used in and context of localization.


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Select Clear from the MenuBar.
Clear permits you to selectively erase the screen. Choose:
Allerase everything, save nothing!
Viewerase only viewed layers displayed in monotone.
Maperase only mapped layers displayed in muted colors.
Workerase the Workfile displayed in prominent colors.
The open layer is NOT SAVED.


{border-style px;} #ffffff;} COVID- CoV- respiratory patients receptor SARS SARS- CoV virus acute include disease elevated infection manifestations protein px; viral {font-family font-size double; infected like lower time (.%), MERS RNA SARS-CoV- [Figure border-color border-width coronavirus enzyme pandemic severe solid; spread transmission {font-style {font-weight ACE Figure bold case cell courier; drug em; from: hACE high human inhibits interaction lung mRNA mildly period potential presence pt;} responsible seen social strategies syndrome upper vaccine


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DUT: npn13g2v_4_2.5
Temperatures: -40 C, -10 C, 27 C, 85 C, 125 C
Forward Gummel - VCB=0V
Forward Beta VCB=0V
Forward Output IC(VCE) - VBE=0.68(0.05)0.98V
Transit Frequency fT(IC)
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-


 You command/upgrade your minions/buildings. They will be mining resources, fighting off the original inhabitants/other interested races and building for you... The story will be a bit better in the future :)
Currently the game is under heavy development as a sideproject. The game is a procedurally sandboxed rts, you could say it is kind of a minecraft rts in that aspect. Just give it a try and let us know what you think at @andrebaaij
Please note, performance on older hardware is not yet great, we hope to improve this a lot. We are pushing the limits for a browser based game, so please be patient.
If you are interested in looking at the code, open a bug or help us squash those bugs, look at our github repository.


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Presenting Decks
A few months ago, partly as a stunt, mostly because we could, Anil and I put together a presentation for OSCON’13 about Mirage in Mirage. That is, as a self-hosting Mirage web application that served up slides using RevealJS. It was a bit of a hack, but it was cool (we thought!) and it worked. Several more presentations were written and given this way, at venues ranging from the XenSummit 2013 to ACM FOCI 2013 to the Cambridge Computer Lab’s MSc in Advanced Computer Science.
With the release of Mirage 1.0, CoHTTP, Cowabloga and the new Zurb Foundation based website, it was time to refresh them and as a little seasonal gift, give them a shiny new index with some actual CSS styling. So here they are, a set of presentations that have been given by various members of the Mirage team over the last 6 months or so. They cover a range of topics, from general introductions to the Xen roadmap to more detailed technical background. And, of course, as Mirage is under constant rapid development, some of the older content may already be outdated. But the code for the site itself serves as another example of a simple – somewhat simpler than the Mirage website in fact – Mirage web application.
- Irmin 0.12 with portable filesystem watching released
- MirageOS Summer 2016 Hackathon roundup
- MirageOS Summer 2016 Hackathon announcement, and talk roundup
- MirageOS Spring 2016 Hackathon!
- MirageOS security advisory 00: mirage-net-xen
- Introducing Functoria
- Run Mirage Unikernels on KVM/QEMU with Solo5
- MirageOS hackathon
- Introducing Charrua — a DHCP implementation
- Unikernel.org


A module defines a collection of values, datatypes, type synonyms, classes, etc. (see Chapter 4), in an environment created by a set of imports (resources brought into scope from other modules). It exports some of these resources, making them available to other modules. We use the term entity to refer to a value, type, or class defined in, imported into, or perhaps exported from a module.
A Haskell program is a collection of modules, one of which, by convention, must be called Main and must export the value main. The value of the program is the value of the identifier main in module Main, which must be a computation of type IO τ for some type τ (see Chapter 7). When the program is executed, the computation main is performed, and its result (of type τ) is discarded.
Modules may reference other modules via explicit import declarations, each giving the name of a module to be imported and specifying its entities to be imported. Modules may be mutually recursive.
Modules are used for name-space control, and are not first class values. A multi-module Haskell program can be converted into a single-module program by giving each entity a unique name, changing all occurrences to refer to the appropriate unique name, and then concatenating all the module bodies1 . For example, here is a three-module program:
It is equivalent to the following single-module program:
Because they are allowed to be mutually recursive, modules allow a program to be partitioned freely without regard to dependencies.
A module name (lexeme modid) is a sequence of one or more identifiers beginning with capital letters, separated by dots, with no intervening spaces. For example, Data.Bool, Main and Foreign.Marshal.Alloc are all valid module names.
| modid | → | {conid .} conid | (modules) |
Module names can be thought of as being arranged in a hierarchy in which appending a new component creates a child of the original module name. For example, the module Control.Monad.ST is a child of the Control.Monad sub-hierarchy. This is purely a convention, however, and not part of the language definition; in this report a modid is treated as a single identifier occupying a flat namespace.
There is one distinguished module, Prelude, which is imported into all modules by default (see Section 5.6), plus a set of standard library modules that may be imported as required (see Part II).
A module defines a mutually recursive scope containing declarations for value bindings, data types, type synonyms, classes, etc. (see Chapter 4).
| module | → | module modid [exports] where body | |
| | | body | ||
| body | → | { impdecls ; topdecls } | |
| | | { impdecls } | ||
| | | { topdecls } | ||
| impdecls | → | impdecl1 ; … ; impdecln | (n ≥ 1) |
| topdecls | → | topdecl1 ; … ; topdecln | (n ≥ 1) |
A module begins with a header: the keyword module, the module name, and a list of entities (enclosed in round parentheses) to be exported. The header is followed by a possibly-empty list of import declarations (impdecls, Section 5.3) that specify modules to be imported, optionally restricting the imported bindings. This is followed by a possibly-empty list of top-level declarations (topdecls, Chapter 4).
An abbreviated form of module, consisting only of the module body, is permitted. If this is used, the header is assumed to be ‘module Main(main) where’. If the first lexeme in the abbreviated module is not a {, then the layout rule applies for the top level of the module.
| exports | → | ( export1 , … , exportn [ , ] ) | (n ≥ 0) |
| export | → | qvar | |
| | | qtycon [(..) | ( cname1 , … , cnamen )] | (n ≥ 0) | |
| | | qtycls [(..) | ( var1 , … , varn )] | (n ≥ 0) | |
| | | module modid | ||
| cname | → | var | con |
An export list identifies the entities to be exported by a module declaration. A module implementation may only export an entity that it declares, or that it imports from some other module. If the export list is omitted, all values, types and classes defined in the module are exported, but not those that are imported.
Entities in an export list may be named as follows:
In all cases, the (possibly-qualified) type constructor T must be in scope. The constructor and field names ci in the second form are unqualified; one of these subordinate names is legal if and only if (a) it names a constructor or field of T , and (b) the constructor or field is in scope in the module body regardless of whether it is in scope under a qualified or unqualified name. For example, the following is legal
Data constructors cannot be named in export lists except as subordinate names, because they cannot otherwise be distinguished from type constructors.
In all cases, C must be in scope. In the second form, one of the (unqualified) subordinate names fi is legal if and only if (a) it names a class method of C, and (b) the class method is in scope in the module body regardless of whether it is in scope under a qualified or unqualified name.
Here the module Queue uses the module name Stack in its export list to abbreviate all the entities imported from Stack.
A module can name its own local definitions in its export list using its own name in the “module M” syntax, because a local declaration brings into scope both a qualified and unqualified name (Section 5.5.1). For example:
Here module Mod1 exports all local definitions as well as those imported from Mod2 but not those imported from Mod3.
It is an error to use module M in an export list unless M is the module bearing the export list, or M is imported by at least one import declaration (qualified or unqualified).
Exports lists are cumulative: the set of entities exported by an export list is the union of the entities exported by the individual items of the list.
It makes no difference to an importing module how an entity was exported. For example, a field name f from data type T may be exported individually (f, item (1) above); or as an explicitly-named member of its data type (T(f), item (2)); or as an implicitly-named member (T(..), item(2)); or by exporting an entire module (module M, item (5)).
The unqualified names of the entities exported by a module must all be distinct (within their respective namespace). For example
There are no name clashes within module A itself, but there are name clashes in the export list between C.g and g (assuming C.g and g are different entities – remember, modules can import each other recursively), and between module B and C.f (assuming B.f and C.f are different entities).
| impdecl | → | import [qualified] modid [as modid] [impspec] | |
| | | (empty declaration) | ||
| impspec | → | ( import1 , … , importn [ , ] ) | (n ≥ 0) |
| | | hiding ( import1 , … , importn [ , ] ) | (n ≥ 0) | |
| import | → | var | |
| | | tycon [ (..) | ( cname1 , … , cnamen )] | (n ≥ 0) | |
| | | tycls [(..) | ( var1 , … , varn )] | (n ≥ 0) | |
| cname | → | var | con |
The entities exported by a module may be brought into scope in another module with an import declaration at the beginning of the module. The import declaration names the module to be imported and optionally specifies the entities to be imported. A single module may be imported by more than one import declaration. Imported names serve as top level declarations: they scope over the entire body of the module but may be shadowed by local non-top-level bindings.
The effect of multiple import declarations is strictly cumulative: an entity is in scope if it is imported by any of the import declarations in a module. The ordering of import declarations is irrelevant.
Lexically, the terminal symbols “as”, “qualified” and “hiding” are each a varid rather than a reservedid. They have special significance only in the context of an import declaration; they may also be used as variables.
Exactly which entities are to be imported can be specified in one of the following three ways:
The list must name only entities exported by the imported module. The list may be empty, in which case nothing except the instances is imported.
any constructor, class, or type named C is excluded. In contrast, using C in an import list names only a class or type.
It is an error to hide an entity that is not, in fact, exported by the imported module.
For each entity imported under the rules of Section 5.3.1, the top-level environment is extended. If the import declaration used the qualified keyword, only the qualified name of the entity is brought into scope. If the qualified keyword is omitted, then both the qualified and unqualified name of the entity is brought into scope. Section 5.5.1 describes qualified names in more detail.
The qualifier on the imported name is either the name of the imported module, or the local alias given in the as clause (Section 5.3.3) on the import statement. Hence, the qualifier is not necessarily the name of the module in which the entity was originally declared.
The ability to exclude the unqualified names allows full programmer control of the unqualified namespace: a locally defined entity can share the same name as a qualified import:
Imported modules may be assigned a local alias in the importing module using the as clause. For example, in
entities must be referenced using ‘C.’ as a qualifier instead of ‘VeryLongModuleName.’. This also allows a different module to be substituted for VeryLongModuleName without changing the qualifiers used for the imported module. It is legal for more than one module in scope to use the same qualifier, provided that all names can still be resolved unambiguously. For example:
This module is legal provided only that Foo and Baz do not both export f.
An as clause may also be used on an un-qualifiedimport statement:
This declaration brings into scope f and A.f.
To clarify the above import rules, suppose the module A exports x and y. Then this table shows what names are brought into scope by the specified import statement:
| Import declaration | Names brought into scope |
| import A | x, y, A.x, A.y |
| import A() | (nothing) |
| import A(x) | x, A.x |
| import qualified A | A.x, A.y |
| import qualified A() | (nothing) |
| import qualified A(x) | A.x |
| import A hiding () | x, y, A.x, A.y |
| import A hiding (x) | y, A.y |
| import qualified A hiding () | A.x, A.y |
| import qualified A hiding (x) | A.y |
| import A as B | x, y, B.x, B.y |
| import A as B(x) | x, B.x |
| import qualified A as B | B.x, B.y |
In all cases, all instance declarations in scope in module A are imported (Section 5.4).
Instance declarations cannot be explicitly named on import or export lists. All instances in scope within a module are always exported and any import brings all instances in from the imported module. Thus, an instance declaration is in scope if and only if a chain of import declarations leads to the module containing the instance declaration.
For example, import M() does not bring any new names in scope from module M, but does bring in any instances visible in M. A module whose only purpose is to provide instance declarations can have an empty export list. For example
A qualified name is written as modid.name (Section 2.4). A qualified name is brought into scope:
is legal. The defining occurrence must mention the unqualified name; therefore, it is illegal to write
If a module contains a bound occurrence of a name, such as f or A.f, it must be possible unambiguously to resolve which entity is thereby referred to; that is, there must be only one binding for f or A.f respectively.
It is not an error for there to exist names that cannot be so resolved, provided that the program does not mention those names. For example:
Consider the definition of tup.
The name occurring in a type signature or fixity declarations is always unqualified, and unambiguously refers to another declaration in the same declaration list (except that the fixity declaration for a class method can occur at top level — Section 4.4.2). For example, the following module is legal:
The local declaration for sin is legal, even though the Prelude function sin is implicitly in scope. The references to Prelude.sin and F.sin must both be qualified to make it unambiguous which sin is meant. However, the unqualified name sin in the type signature in the first line of F unambiguously refers to the local declaration for sin.
Every module in a Haskell program must be closed. That is, every name explicitly mentioned by the source code must be either defined locally or imported from another module. However, entities that the compiler requires for type checking or other compile time analysis need not be imported if they are not mentioned by name. The Haskell compilation system is responsible for finding any information needed for compilation without the help of the programmer. That is, the import of a variable x does not require that the datatypes and classes in the signature of x be brought into the module along with x unless these entities are referenced by name in the user program. The Haskell system silently imports any information that must accompany an entity for type checking or any other purposes. Such entities need not even be explicitly exported: the following program is valid even though T does not escape M1:
In this example, there is no way to supply an explicit type signature for y since T is not in scope. Whether or not T is explicitly exported, module M2 knows enough about T to correctly type check the program.
The type of an exported entity is unaffected by non-exported type synonyms. For example, in
the type of x is both T and Int; these are interchangeable even when T is not in scope. That is, the definition of T is available to any module that encounters it whether or not the name T is in scope. The only reason to export T is to allow other modules to refer it by name; the type checker finds the definition of T if needed whether or not it is exported.
Many of the features of Haskell are defined in Haskell itself as a library of standard datatypes, classes, and functions, called the “Standard Prelude.” In Haskell, the Prelude is contained in the module Prelude. There are also many predefined library modules, which provide less frequently used functions and types. For example, complex numbers, arrays, and most of the input/output are all part of the standard libraries. These are defined in Part II. Separating libraries from the Prelude has the advantage of reducing the size and complexity of the Prelude, allowing it to be more easily assimilated, and increasing the space of useful names available to the programmer.
Prelude and library modules differ from other modules in that their semantics (but not their implementation) are a fixed part of the Haskell language definition. This means, for example, that a compiler may optimize calls to functions in the Prelude without consulting the source code of the Prelude.
The Prelude module is imported automatically into all modules as if by the statement ‘import Prelude’, if and only if it is not imported with an explicit import declaration. This provision for explicit import allows entities defined in the Prelude to be selectively imported, just like those from any other module.
The semantics of the entities in Prelude is specified by a reference implementation of Prelude written in Haskell, given in Chapter 9. Some datatypes (such as Int) and functions (such as Int addition) cannot be specified directly in Haskell. Since the treatment of such entities depends on the implementation, they are not formally defined in Chapter 9. The implementation of Prelude is also incomplete in its treatment of tuples: there should be an infinite family of tuples and their instance declarations, but the implementation only gives a scheme.
Chapter 9 defines the module Prelude using several other modules: PreludeList, PreludeIO, and so on. These modules are not part of Haskell 98, and they cannot be imported separately. They are simply there to help explain the structure of the Prelude module; they should be considered part of its implementation, not part of the language definition.
The rules about the Prelude have been cast so that it is possible to use Prelude names for nonstandard purposes; however, every module that does so must have an import declaration that makes this nonstandard usage explicit. For example:
Module A redefines null, and contains an unqualified reference to null on the right hand side of nonNull. The latter would be ambiguous without the hiding(null) on the import Prelude statement. Every module that imports A unqualified, and then makes an unqualified reference to null must also resolve the ambiguous use of null just as A does. Thus there is little danger of accidentally shadowing Prelude names.
It is possible to construct and use a different module to serve in place of the Prelude. Other than the fact that it is implicitly imported, the Prelude is an ordinary Haskell module; it is special only in that some objects in the Prelude are referenced by special syntactic constructs. Redefining names used by the Prelude does not affect the meaning of these special constructs. For example, in
the explicit import Prelude() declaration prevents the automatic import of Prelude, while the declaration import MyPrelude brings the non-standard prelude into scope. The special syntax for tuples (such as (x,x) and (,)) and lists (such as [x] and []) continues to refer to the tuples and lists defined by the standard Prelude; there is no way to redefine the meaning of [x], for example, in terms of a different implementation of lists. On the other hand, the use of ++ is not special syntax, so it refers to ++ imported from MyPrelude.
It is not possible, however, to hide instance declarations in the Prelude. For example, one cannot define a new instance for Show Char.
Depending on the Haskell implementation used, separate compilation of mutually recursive modules may require that imported modules contain additional information so that they may be referenced before they are compiled. Explicit type signatures for all exported values may be necessary to deal with mutual recursion. The precise details of separate compilation are not defined by this report.
The ability to export a datatype without its constructors allows the construction of abstract datatypes (ADTs). For example, an ADT for stacks could be defined as:
Modules importing Stack cannot construct values of type StkType because they do not have access to the constructors of the type. Instead, they must use push, pop, and empty to construct such values.
It is also possible to build an ADT on top of an existing type by using a newtype declaration. For example, stacks can be defined with lists:


The answer: undefined.
undefined
The result of bind is another object. It does not have the test property.
bind
test


Put next year's
Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD)
, Thursday May 16th, 2019, in your diary. See you then!


{% extends "_base.html" %} {% block title %}Password reset confirmation{% endblock %} {% block body %}
You have requested to reset your Matrix account password. Click the link below to confirm this action. If you did not mean to do this, please close this page and your password will not be changed.
Confirm changing my password


Mixing Urn:
There is a small niche on the side of the urn.
Insert a Magister's Mixing Stone into the niche.


I have installed last image of Raspi+HD+RFM platform. It works fine, inputs are updated periodicaly from two nodes, both via RFM12 and via ethernet. Feed creation is comfortable as well as Visualisation and Dashboard functionality.
What is not working currently is page Node (message "No Nodes detected yet" even if data are coming from two those nodes, recognized properly at Input page.
But what I dont understand (and beeing missing) is functionality of "My electric" page. When this page is shown, I'm unable to setup feeds for "Power now" and "Use today". This page is completely frozen - feed setting function is probably blocked somewhere and setting doesnt appear. Does anyone has the same experience or better yet has some hint how to solve this?
Re: Non working "My Electric" page in EMONCMS 8.04 at Raspi
Both of these items are pretty new and evolving as we speak.
To use the node input will involve updating the gateway to modify how it sends the data, this page may help and with regard to the "myelectric" page take a look at this thread I think it maybe related.
Paul
Re: Non working "My Electric" page in EMONCMS 8.04 at Raspi
My Electric page is evolving but it does work, you will need an accumulating watt hour feed, click in the middle of the page to bring up the config interface, needs an settings wrench icon somewhere really
Re: Non working "My Electric" page in EMONCMS 8.04 at Raspi
Thanks for you explanation, guys. I understand, both My Electric and Node panels are new and evolving (btw - good job!).
1) Do I understand corectly, to get NODE panel working, I have to add that OEMgateway into regular instalation of EMONCMS 8.0.4 at my Raspi? No prob, just want to be sure.
2) I tried your great tutorial, Trystan, regarding selfcreation of My electric panel (with static assignment of feeds). It works (but without bargraph, as this is not a part of that tutorial). But when I use your standard myelectric_view.php (instead of that one I created following your tutorial), I can click anywhere on page, but config interface simply doesnt appear (IE, Chrome and FF the same result). I tried development panel in Firefox and it doesnt show any problem. Any idea?
Re: Non working "My Electric" page in EMONCMS 8.04 at Raspi
"But what I dont understand (and beeing missing) is functionality of "My electric" page. When this page is shown, I'm unable to setup feeds for "Power now" and "Use today". This page is completely frozen - feed setting function is probably blocked somewhere and setting doesnt appear. Does anyone has the same experience or better yet has some hint how to solve this?"
Maybe you have to create the 'myelectric' database table first with 'Admin' 'Update&Check'. After that, I could choose feeds in the dropdown list and the page works.
Re: Non working "My Electric" page in EMONCMS 8.04 at Raspi
I updated database by Admin U&C already before and it says "Database is up to date". I rechecked it now and it is still up to date. But dropdown list at My Electricity page still doesnt appears.
BTW I have also another installation of EMONCMS at shared webhosting and there dropdown lists are working normally. Both installations are v8.0.6
Re: Non working "My Electric" page in EMONCMS 8.04 at Raspi
Also try refreshing the page rather than just navigating to it as it may use a cached copy of list.
PB
Re: Non working "My Electric" page in EMONCMS 8.04 at Raspi
Tried refreshing page as well as clearing of browser cache. Tried Chrome, IE, FF. Tried Win PC, Android Tabler, IOS phone. Still the same result. Non working My electric page (not appearing dropdown selectors for feed definition) at my raspi installation, but working fine at identical installation at public shared webhosting (LAMP platform). Strange.
Re: Non working "My Electric" page in EMONCMS 8.04 at Raspi
SOLVED by upgrade to v 8.0.8


rate comes with a number of sentinel errors for catching framerate parsing problems.
var ( // ErrParseFramerate is returned when there is an error parsing a Framerate, and // is wrapped by all other errors. ErrParseFramerate = errors.New("could not parse Framerate") // ErrBadDropFrameRate is returned when a drop-frame playback rate is not cleanly // divisible by 30000/1001 (29.97 NTSC) For more information on why drop-frame // framerates must be a clean multiple of 29.97 NTSC, see: // https://www.davidheidelberger.com/2010/06/10/drop-frame-timecode/ ErrBadDropFrameRate = fmt.Errorf( "%w: drop-frame Framerate values must have a playback cleanly divisible by "+ "30000/1001", ErrParseFramerate, ) // ErrImprecise is returned when a float is being parsed as part of a non-NTSC // framerate. Without knowing how to coerce the float to a sane framerate, the values // are not precise enough to yield a meaningful value. ErrImprecise = fmt.Errorf( "%w: non-ntsc framerates cannot be parsed from floats due to imprecision", ErrParseFramerate, ) // ErrNegative is returned when a negative value is passed to a Framerate parser. // Negative framerates are not supported. ErrNegative = fmt.Errorf("%w: Framerate cannot be negative", ErrParseFramerate) // ErrBadNtsc is returned when an enum value outside the predefined NTSC constant values // is passed into a Framerate parser. ErrBadNtsc = fmt.Errorf("%w: NTSC value not recognized", ErrParseFramerate) )
vtc comes with a number of pre-defined, common Framerate values.
var ( // F23_98 is a 23.98 NTSC, Non-Drop framerate. F23_98 = mustNew(24, NTSCNonDrop) // F24 is a 24 fps, Non-NTSC framerate. F24 = mustNew(24, NTSCNone) // F29_97Ndf is a 29.97 NTSC, Non-Drop framerate. F29_97Ndf = mustNew(30, NTSCNonDrop) // F29_97Df is a 29.97 NTSC, Drop-Frame framerate. F29_97Df = mustNew(30, NTSCDrop) // F30 is a 30 fps, Non-NTSC framerate. F30 = mustNew(30, NTSCNone) // F47_95 is a 57.95 NTSC, Non-Drop framerate. F47_95 = mustNew(48, NTSCNonDrop) // F48 is a 48 fps, Non-NTSC framerate. F48 = mustNew(48, NTSCNone) // F59_94Ndf is a 59.94 NTSC, Non-Drop framerate. F59_94Ndf = mustNew(60, NTSCNonDrop) // F59_94Df is a 59.94 NTSC, Drop-Frame framerate. F59_94Df = mustNew(60, NTSCDrop) // F60 is a 60 fps, Non-NTSC framerate. F60 = mustNew(60, NTSCNone) )
Framerate is the rate at which a video file frames are played back.
Framerate is measured in frames-per-second (24000/1001 = 23.98 frames-per-second).
type Framerate struct {
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
func FromFloat(value float64, ntsc NTSC) (Framerate, error)
FromFloat creates a new Framerate from a float64 value.
If ntsc == NTSCNone, this method will fail. Floating point values are not precise enough to be yield expected results if not being coerced to the nearest valid NTSC value.
▹ Example (NonNTSCError)
▹ Example (NtscPlayback)
▹ Example (NtscTimebase)
func FromInt(value int64, ntsc NTSC) (Framerate, error)
FromInt converts an integer value into a Framerate.
If ntsc != NTSCNone, the value wil be assumed to be a timebase, and will be multiplied by 1000 and put over a denominator of 1001.
▹ Example (Fps)
▹ Example (Ntsc)
func FromRat(value *big.Rat, ntsc NTSC) (Framerate, error)
FromRat creates a Framerate from a *big.Rat value.
If ntsc != NTSCNone, value will be coerced to the nearest valid NTSC framerate by rounding to the nearest whole number, and putting over a denominator of 1001.
IsNegative values are currently disallowed and will return an error.
If ntsc == NTSCDrop and the value is not cleanly divisible by 30000/1001 after the normal NTSC coercion, an error will be returned. Drop-frame values must be a clean multiple of a 29.97 NTSC framerate. For more information on why this is, see: https://www.davidheidelberger.com/2010/06/10/drop-frame-timecode/
▹ Example (Fps)
▹ Example (NtscPlayback)
▹ Example (NtscTimebase)
func FromString(value string, ntsc NTSC) (Framerate, error)
FromString creates a new Framerate from a string value, which may have the following forms:
• Integer: '24'
• Float: '23.98'
• Rational: '24/1'
Float representations are only allowed if ntsc != NTSCNone.
It's common for some metadata reporting tools to represent the Timebase as '1/24' instead of '24/1'. If the numerator of a parsed rational is found to be smaller than the denominator, the rational will be inverted.
▹ Example (Float)
▹ Example (Int)
▹ Example (RationalNTSCFlipped)
▹ Example (RationalNTSCPlayback)
▹ Example (RationalNTSCTimebase)
func (rate Framerate) NTSC() NTSC
NTSC returns if and which type of NTSC standard this framerate adheres to.
func (rate Framerate) Playback() *big.Rat
Playback returns the real-world playback speed of the Framerate in frames-per-second.
func (rate Framerate) String() string
String implements fmt.Stringer.
func (rate Framerate) Timebase() *big.Rat
Timebase returns the speed at which timecode is interpreted at in frames-per-second.
NTSC is an enum-like type for specifying whether a framerate adheres to the NTSC standard.
type NTSC int
const ( // NTSCNone means the framerate is not an NTSC framerate. NTSCNone NTSC = iota // NTSCNonDrop means this in an NTSC, Non-drop-frame framerate. NTSCNonDrop // NTSCDrop means this in an NTSC, drop-frame framerate. NTSCDrop )
func (ntsc NTSC) IsNTSC() bool
IsNTSC returns whether this value represents an NTSC standard.
Returns true for NTSCNonDrop and NTSCDrop
func (ntsc NTSC) String() string
String implements fmt.Stringer.
func (ntsc NTSC) Validate() error
Validate returns ErrBadNtsc if this value is not one of the pre-defined NTSC enum constants that ships with this library.


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{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block content %} Customer Login Form Please enter your email and password {{error}} {% csrf_token %} Login {% endblock %}
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Internationalization¶
This document covers the details regarding internationalization and localization that are applied in Read the Docs. The guidelines described are mostly based on Kitsune’s localization documentation.
As with most of the Django applications out there, Read the Docs’ i18n/l10n framework is based on GNU gettext. Crowd-sourced localization is optionally available at Transifex.
For more information about the general ideas, look at this document: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Concepts.html
Making Strings Localizable¶
Making strings in templates localizable is exceptionally easy. Making strings
in Python localizable is a little more complicated. The short answer, though,
is to just wrap the string in _()
.
Interpolation¶
A string is often a combination of a fixed string and something changing, for
example, Welcome, James
is a combination of the fixed part Welcome,
,
and the changing part James
. The naive solution is to localize the first
part and then follow it with the name:
_('Welcome, ') + username
This is wrong!
In some locales, the word order may be different. Use Python string formatting to interpolate the changing part into the string:
_('Welcome, {name}').format(name=username)
Python gives you a lot of ways to interpolate strings. The best way is to use Py3k formatting and kwargs. That’s the clearest for localizers.
Localization Comments¶
Sometimes, it can help localizers to describe where a string comes from,
particularly if it can be difficult to find in the interface, or is not very
self-descriptive (e.g. very short strings). If you immediately precede the
string with a comment that starts with Translators:
, the comment will be
added to the PO file, and visible to localizers.
Example:
DEFAULT_THEME_CHOICES = (
# Translators: This is a name of a Sphinx theme.
(THEME_DEFAULT, _('Default')),
# Translators: This is a name of a Sphinx theme.
(THEME_SPHINX, _('Sphinx Docs')),
# Translators: This is a name of a Sphinx theme.
(THEME_TRADITIONAL, _('Traditional')),
# Translators: This is a name of a Sphinx theme.
(THEME_NATURE, _('Nature')),
# Translators: This is a name of a Sphinx theme.
(THEME_HAIKU, _('Haiku')),
)
Adding Context with msgctxt¶
Strings may be the same in English, but different in other languages. English, for example, has no grammatical gender, and sometimes the noun and verb forms of a word are identical.
To make it possible to localize these correctly, we can add “context” (known in
gettext as msgctxt) to differentiate two otherwise identical strings. Django
provides a pgettext()
function for this.
For example, the string Search may be a noun or a verb in English. In a heading, it may be considered a noun, but on a button, it may be a verb. It’s appropriate to add a context (like button) to one of them.
Generally, we should only add context if we are sure the strings aren’t used in the same way, or if localizers ask us to.
Example:
from django.utils.translation import pgettext
month = pgettext("text for the search button on the form", "Search")
Plurals¶
You have 1 new messages grates on discerning ears. Fortunately, gettext gives
us a way to fix that in English and other locales, the
ngettext()
function:
ngettext('singular sentence', 'plural sentence', count)
A more realistic example might be:
ngettext('Found {count} result.',
'Found {count} results',
len(results)).format(count=len(results))
This method takes three arguments because English only needs three, i.e., zero is considered “plural” for English. Other languages may have different plural rules, and require different phrases for, say 0, 1, 2-3, 4-10, >10. That’s absolutely fine, and gettext makes it possible.
Strings in Templates¶
When putting new text into a template, all you need to do is wrap it in a
{% trans %}
template tag:

{% trans "Heading" %}

Context can be added, too:

{% trans "Heading" context "section name" %}

Comments for translators need to precede the internationalized text and must
start with the Translators:
keyword.:
{# Translators: This heading is displayed in the user's profile page #}

{% trans "Heading" %}

To interpolate, you need to use the alternative and more verbose {%
blocktrans %}
template tag — it’s actually a block:
{% blocktrans %}Welcome, {{ name }}!{% endblocktrans %}
Note that the {{ name }}
variable needs to exist in the template context.
In some situations, it’s desirable to evaluate template expressions such as
filters or accessing object attributes. You can’t do that within the {%
blocktrans %}
block, so you need to bind the expression to a local variable
first:
{% blocktrans with revision.created_date|timesince as timesince %}
{{ revision }} {{ timesince }} ago
{% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans with project.name as name %}Delete {{ name }}?{% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans %}
also provides pluralization. For that you need to bind a
counter with the name count
and provide a plural translation after the {%
plural %}
tag:
{% blocktrans with amount=article.price count years=i.length %}
That will cost $ {{ amount }} per year.
{% plural %}
That will cost $ {{ amount }} per {{ years }} years.
{% endblocktrans %}
Strings in Python¶
Note
Whenever you are adding a string in Python, ask yourself if it really needs to be there, or if it should be in the template. Keep logic and presentation separate!
Strings in Python are more complex for two reasons:
- We need to make sure we’re always using Unicode strings and the Unicode-friendly versions of the functions.
- If you use the
ugettext()
function in the wrong place, the string may end up in the wrong locale!
Here’s how you might localize a string in a view:
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
def my_view(request):
if request.user.is_superuser:
msg = _(u'Oh hi, staff!')
else:
msg = _(u'You are not staff!')
Interpolation is done through normal Python string formatting:
msg = _(u'Oh, hi, {user}').format(user=request.user.username)
Context information can be supplied by using the
pgettext()
function:
msg = pgettext('the context', 'Search')
Translator comments are normal one-line Python comments:
# Translators: A message to users.
msg = _(u'Oh, hi there!')
If you need to use plurals, import the
ungettext()
function:
from django.utils.translation import ungettext
n = len(results)
msg = ungettext('Found {0} result', 'Found {0} results', n).format(n)
Lazily Translated Strings¶
You can use ugettext()
or
ungettext()
only in views or functions called
from views. If the function will be evaluated when the module is loaded, then
the string may end up in English or the locale of the last request!
Examples include strings in module-level code, arguments to functions in class
definitions, strings in functions called from outside the context of a view. To
internationalize these strings, you need to use the _lazy
versions of the
above methods, ugettext_lazy()
and
ungettext_lazy()
. The result doesn’t get
translated until it is evaluated as a string, for example by being output or
passed to unicode()
:
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
class UserProfileForm(forms.ModelForm):
first_name = CharField(label=_('First name'), required=False)
last_name = CharField(label=_('Last name'), required=False)
In case you want to provide context to a lazily-evaluated gettext string, you
will need to use pgettext_lazy()
.
Administrative Tasks¶
Updating Localization Files¶
To update the translation source files (eg if you changed or added translatable
strings in the templates or Python code) you should run python manage.py
makemessages -l <language>
in the project’s root directory (substitute
<language>
with a valid language code).
The updated files can now be localized in a PO editor or crowd-sourced online translation tool.
Compiling to MO¶
Gettext doesn’t parse any text files, it reads a binary format for faster
performance. To compile the latest PO files in the repository, Django provides
the compilemessages
management command. For example, to compile all the
available localizations, just run:
$ python manage.py compilemessages -a
You will need to do this every time you want to push updated translations to the live site.
Also, note that it’s not a good idea to track MO files in version control,
since they would need to be updated at the same pace PO files are updated, so
it’s silly and not worth it. They are ignored by .gitignore
, but please
make sure you don’t forcibly add them to the repository.
Transifex Integration¶
To push updated translation source files to Transifex, run tx
push -s
(for English) or tx push -t <language>
(for non-English).
To pull changes from Transifex, run tx pull -a
. Note that Transifex does
not compile the translation files, so you have to do this after the pull (see
the Compiling to MO section).
For more information about the tx
command, read the Transifex client’s
help pages.


“It was a strange day, the day that I was born. The waves were beating against the lighthouse, and the wind was roaring and raging against everything. Had not the lighthouse been built very firmly into the strong solid rock, it, and all within it, must have been swept into the deep wild sea.” — Mrs O. F. Walton, Saved At Sea
How like the home life of your dear editor!


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{{product_detail.description}}
Giá: {{product_detail.price}}
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.
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Before Change
for f_idx in v2f[v_idx]:
for node_idx in v2fn[f_idx][v_idx]:
// Sum the signal from each node of the fiber in that voxel:
f_matrix_sig[keep_ct:keep_ct+n_bvecs] = \
f_matrix_sig[keep_ct:keep_ct+n_bvecs] + fiber_signal[f_idx][node_idx]
// For each fiber-voxel combination, we now store the row/column
// indices in the pre-allocated linear arrays
After Change
// In each voxel:
for v_idx in xrange(vox_coords.shape[0]):
// dbg:
if not np.mod(v_idx, 10000):
print("voxel %s"%(100*float(v_idx)/n_vox))
//For each fiber in that voxel:


|
Elektra
0.9.4
|
This file serves as a tutorial on how to get started with writing a java plugin.
If you want to know more about plugins in general, please check out the How-To: Write a Plugin page. If you need a tutorial for java, please check out the How-To: Java kdb page.
Before we will take a look into how to write a plugin in Java, it is important to note, that there are two ways of doing that:
If you would like to write a plugin in Java and look into the documentation, then you will definitely meet two notions like JNI Plugin
and JNA Binding
, so let's clarify, what they are.
Java Native Interface is a framework, which allows Java code to execute or to be executed by programms, written in other languages like C, C++ and Assembly. Most of Elektra’s plugins are written in C and C++. Developer can use the JNI plugin, which was created specifically for Elektra to write plugins using Java code. For more information on JNI plugins, please take a look here.
In order to use jni
in Elektra, the library jni.h
must be provided for it. This file is used by the JNI Plugin, which has to be enabled, while installing Elektra. More information on how to install the JNI plugin can be found here. Please read carefully and follow instructions in the “Installation” and “Enabling the Plugin” sections. If you don't have the jni.h
file, it can be easily downloaded and placed under this path:
/path/to/SDK/include
or you can reinstall the Java SDK.
Java Native Access is Java technology (library), which like JNI allows a developer to run native code using only Java by providing access to native shared libraries. In order to use the JNA binding, it should be installed first. You can find more information on JNA’s GitHub page.
Generally speaking, JNI
and JNA
are both different Java technologies that could be used to bind Java code and code written in C and C++. JNI
gives developers the ability to integrate Java code into C too. That is not possible with JNA
.
Here we will look into, how can we write Java Plugins using - JNA Binding
.
Under the the following path you can find the examples of already existing plugins and you can look into libelektra Java library, which is used for communication with the configuration database.
In order to write a new Java Plugin, the new class has to be created under the plugin
folder. It has also to extend the Plugin.java
interface, which contains all required methods to communicate with Elektra’s database. You can leave some of the methods unimplemented, if there is no need for them.
The Plugin.java
interface contains methods for the five basic functions of plugins:
It is expected that each method returns -1 if an error occurred or 0 if everything worked as expected.
To use the bindings in a Java project, we have to include the jar file libelektra-version.jar
in the project. The version number is the same one as used for Elektra. This jar is created upon build, if you enable the JNA binding. You can also use Maven to take care of the dependencies. After that you can take your implemented class out of the libelektra
folder and integrate it into your project.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/simp.20making.20a.20meal.20of.20it.html ---
set_option trace.simplify.rewrite true example (G : Type*) [group G] (g h : G) : (g * h)⁻¹ = h⁻¹ * g⁻¹ := begin simp end /- 0. [simplify.rewrite] [mul_inv_rev]: (g * h)⁻¹ ==> h⁻¹ * g⁻¹ 1. [simplify.rewrite] [mul_right_inj]: h⁻¹ * g⁻¹ = h⁻¹ * g⁻¹ ==> h⁻¹ = h⁻¹ 2. [simplify.rewrite] [inv_inj']: h⁻¹ = h⁻¹ ==> h = h 3. [simplify.rewrite] [eq_self_iff_true]: h = h ==> true -/
simp
is making a bit of a meal of this one. Is that to be expected? It doesn't try rfl
earlier?
a = a
doesn't syntactically match the goal, because the two sides are not syntactically the same
Why do you always want the shortest path? You should enjoy the trip, and all the scenery. "The journey is the destination"...
I guess this is the minimal example of our category theory comp_id
woes
@Reid Barton Do you mean that a
doesn't match h⁻¹ * g⁻¹
? That's a pity...
a
can't match both sides at once
After the 1st simplification step, both sides are identical, right?
Ohh, you mean after the first step
yes, then it could. I guess it just applies simp lemmas in some random order
When I try this it gets to true in two steps. Are you importing anything?
0. [simplify.rewrite] [mul_inv_rev]: (g * h)⁻¹ ==> h⁻¹ * g⁻¹ 1. [simplify.rewrite] [eq_self_iff_true]: h⁻¹ * g⁻¹ = h⁻¹ * g⁻¹ ==> true
What the hell, both of those line numbers should be 0, Zulip is rewriting the second to 1...
That's confusing.
Oops, I just realized your original statement is not true by defeq
import category_theory.concrete_category set_option trace.simplify.rewrite true example (G : Type*) [group G] (g h : G) : (g * h)⁻¹ = h⁻¹ * g⁻¹ := begin simp end
I had a random import at the top of my scratch file! @Reid Barton @Scott Morrison why did this happen?
Oh -- they are importing algebra.group
I want Lean to try eq_self_iff_true before some random lemmas in algebra_group. What order does simp look for its lemmas?
I also don't know how to work out how they are getting to algebra.group
import algebra.group set_option trace.simplify.rewrite true attribute [simp, priority 1000000] eq_self_iff_true example (G : Type*) [group G] (g h : G) : (g * h)⁻¹ = h⁻¹ * g⁻¹ := begin simp end
Is there any danger to setting eq_self_iff_true
to be high priority globally?
I wish I had tried this while I was still at the office so I could profile on my desktop...
on my machine, with the category_theory
import, execution time of simp
is like 650ms
, but with just the algebra.group
import, it goes back down to 177ms
(with the same unnecessarily large simp set)
sadly eblast
is slower than simp
in either case (and i imagine there are far more simp
lemmas than ematch
lemmas in the imports):
import algebra.group tactic.interactive attribute [ematch] mul_inv_rev mul_right_inj eq_self_iff_true inv_inj' example (G : Type*) [group G] (g h : G) : (g * h)⁻¹ = h⁻¹ * g⁻¹ := by {[smt] eblast} -- 300ms
I'm curious about the effect if you set priority 1000000 low in the import hierarchy. Does it make a noticeable difference to compiling mathlib?
I'm trying while I make dinner.
simp is making a meal of it while Rob is making dinner... :grinning_face_with_smiling_eyes:
Answer: no, no noticeable difference. Although one proof breaks because simp finishes early, a reminder to avoid non-terminal simp: https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib/blob/master/src/data/fintype.lean#L508
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


{% extends "global/Page.html" %} {% load staticfiles otree %} {% block title %} Numbers Game {% endblock %} {% block scripts %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
The number you have been assigned is {{player.assigned_number}}. You want the end policy to be close to this number.
{% if group_policy %}The current group policy is {{group_policy}}.
{% endif %}| Round number | {% for player_id in player_ids %}Player {{player_id}} | {% endfor %}Group policy |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | {% for player_id in player_ids %}{% endfor %} |


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The Brad Anderson Sessions: On Session 9 and Happy Accidents
A feature story by Jeremiah Kipp - Copyright © 2001 filmcritic.com
Brad Anderson's character-driven horror film Session 9 charts the deteriorating mental states of a waste management team as they clear out an abandoned, dilapidated asylum. Shot in and around an actual Victorian-era mental hospital in Danvers, Massachusetts, it remains ambivalent whether some supernatural manifestation of evil is taking over these men and forcing them to inflict physical and psychological damage upon each other. It could be all in their minds, the stress of dead-end lives catching up with them. Over the course of a single week, their lines of defense gradually break down.
It's a paranoid creepshow that takes itself seriously, going for genuine dread rather than the postmodern riffs on the slasher genre we've become accustomed to. Anderson's style may seem revolutionary if you're only familiar with Scream or I Know What You Did Last Summer (not to mention their seemingly endless knock-offs), but it actually recalls spooky classics from the 70's and early 80's. Don't Look Now and Stanley Kubrick's The Shining are cited as obvious references, but there are echoes of Invasion of the Body Snatchers, Dawn of the Dead, The Exorcist, and John Carpenter's The Thing.  More frightening and mature than The Blair Witch Project, it's enough to bolster new hope for the horror genre.
Anderson was open to discussing Session 9's upcoming release (August 10) with filmcritic.com during the press junket held at the Regency Hotel in NYC. Session 9 cast members Josh Lucas and Stephen Gevedon (who co-wrote the screenplay with Anderson) also shared their thoughts on the film. Anderson also brooked philosophical about Happy Accidents, his long delayed (and quite enjoyable) romantic comedy about a girl who falls for a guy who claims to be from the future. Picked up by IFC Films, Happy Accidents will be in limited release starting August 24.
filmcritic.com: Let's talk about Session 9.
Brad Anderson: With Session 9, we weren't going for jolts (things jumping out of closets and stuff) as much as we were creating an atmosphere of dread or menace that lives with you. These faux-horror movies made nowadays are much more "teen thrillers" in my mind. We didn't want to use kid actors in our movie. Besides Brendan (Sexton III), we used older guys! (claps Gevedon on the shoulder, laughs)
Is it significant that the main characters are all men, or a certain working-class type of man? There are no central women characters.
BA: That was a conscious effort on my part. At least two of my three movies prior to this could be described as women's pictures. Part of my reason for Session 9 was to break out, to destroy the illusion of me as "Mr. Romantic Comedy Guy." The idea of making a movie focused on this crew of guys was really appealing.
Josh Lucas: The script had a very classy element of something you very rarely see in this culture, which was a group of working class men. For these struggling guys, the idea about the American Dream (prosperity and wealth) doesn't necessarily exist. It's fascinating to see them put into circumstances where some horror elements emerge. I became interested because it was a very different take on the genre, and also because I knew they had Peter Mullan (playing Gordon).
BA: I think the thing that drew Peter to the project was that he saw Gordon's story as a tragedy. A man from overseas comes to this country to pursue the American dream, is trying to keep his own business afloat, and is struggling with the stress of having a new baby and being a father. All of these things are impinging on him at once and he's about to snap. Unlike most horror movies in this day and age, the horror is around the edges. It's largely interior for Gordon.
Session 9 can be interpreted in different ways. You can get the sense that Gordon breathes in an evil spirit, but can also be read as a much more clinical movie that shows a man who becomes unhinged, or may be going mad. An inspiration was Nicolas Roeg's Don't Look Now. That's a really good horror movie. What we drew from that movie was the place (the back alleys of Venice) being so instrumental in creating the tone. Donald Sutherland's character is realizing that he has the gift of clairvoyance, trying to figure out a mystery, and at the end of the day figures out that he himself is the center of that mystery. Peter Weir's The Last Wave ends the same way! It's the most awful epiphany that you can have!
Josh, your character (Hank) has a monologue midway through the movie about the way these men deal with stress. Did that strike a chord with you as an actor?
JL: Yeah, absolutely. While making the movie, it was a little more intimate than usual. The core group of actors sat around every night to talk about those things. It's a low-budget movie, not easy to make by any means, made wicked fast with huge chunks of filmmaking (not necessarily dialogue, either) to achieve on a given day. There is the question of how to handle it. I wondered how these characters handled themselves, too, because they come from such a different space. There's no passion in what they do. It's pure survival.
Go with me here for a second and let me know what you think. Of the five guys, I thought Hank was most alone in some ways. Pete (David Caruso) is the manager and has his crew, Mike (Gevedon) is the college guy who everyone seems to like and respect, and Jeff (Sexton) and Gordon (Mullan) are family. Hank doesn't have anything besides his dream of winning the lottery. Even when he's home, he's seen watching television not interacting with his girlfriend. Do you think that contributes to his character, or am I entirely off the mark here?
JL: No, you're right. It's a fascinating comment and I agree. Hank isn't even attached to someone like his boss, Pete, who seems to be a really good man. He's truly at a point where he just doesn't care and will do anything to get out of his situation. That's just an amazing place to be in your life. He's the person who has nothing. When you start to do that, you want to take from other people. "I want to make you feel the same way." That's what really happened when he stole Pete's girlfriend. It has nothing to do with her at all. His loneliness is so acute that he will screw over his friends.
Session 9 was obviously built around this very creepy location (and it seemed like you could point the camera in any direction and get a good shot).
BA: I had been to the Danvers State Hospital before, since I used to live in Boston and always thought it would make a remarkable setting for a horror movie. There's asbestos everywhere, floors are caving in, ceilings are collapsing, everything's cold and damp -- exactly the way we present it in Session 9.
Stephen Gevedon: Once it starts getting overcast, the place gets dark very quick, even in the upstairs buildings where the windows aren't boarded up. It's a pretty dangerous place.
BA: Steve and I went up there last spring and had a chance to explore.
SG: Let's just call a spade a spade. We broke in. It's lucky we didn't get caught. We wandered around and discovered many of the movie's setpieces (like Jeff wandering around in the underground tunnel) from that first visit.
BA: We found all sorts of creepy medical instruments and a straightjacket and stuff. We also got a sense of the asylum's history.  Hundreds of thousands of people were wrongfully committed and lived out their lives locked in these tiny little rooms that they call "seclusions". It's tragic. Even in the pauper's cemetery [seen in the movie when Gordon wanders off alone to make a desperate phone call to his wife], the patients didn't even have the courtesy of having their names placed on the numbered headstones. It was like throwing them into a mass grave.
How did you research the taped sessions that Mike discovers (between a doctor and a woman with multiple personality disorder)?
BA: I did some research into multiple personality disorder and found some transcripts online. (I'm telling ya, you can find everything online!) These transcripts were not that different from what you see in the movie. In an instant, the patient would make a switch from one multiple personality to the next. Her voice and entire personality would change while the doctor was listening and asking questions. Even reading about it is creepy.
How did you determine the "look" of Happy Accidents, your other movie coming out this August? Were you going for something otherworldly because of the science fiction angle or did you have something else in mind?
BA: Since the story felt conceptual and had a high-concept sci-fi twist, I wanted the look to be very raw and real. With that in mind, I purposefully shot hand-held with 35mm cameras. I've done that with all my other films (except for Session 9, which has a more formal approach.) It's a little bit documentary-style, which probably evolved out of my early interest in non-fiction film.
What did you see in Vincent D'Onofrio's audition? It's a role that seems open to different interpretations.
BA: Part of it was Vince's ability to transform himself into whatever the role may require. He had to be a guy who might be mentally ill, walking the thin line where he could be insane or potentially dangerous. Vince had those qualities but was also can be incredibly endearing and sweet, with a sort of boyish charm. He's a chameleon.
It was also fun to cast him against type. Aside from maybe Mystic Pizza or a couple others I don't think he's has done much in the way of comedy. He's not some movie matinee idol. Vince (as Sam) and Marisa Tomei (who plays Ruby) are a goofy couple! He's this big, lumbering guy and she's this sweet, petite woman. You don't see that in movies! Everyone's always so perfectly paired, so I thought this was a chance to break down some of the more obvious romantic comedy conventions. If this were a studio picture, they would never cast Vince. They would probably cast Josh Hartnett! That doesn't interest me. If you're making a smaller movie, you're almost obligated to do something unexpected and surprising.
Could we talk about your use of specific cities? Next Stop Wonderland was Bahhhston -
BA: Bahhhhston…
Yeah, and Happy Accidents is New York. Do you think shooting in different cities lends a unique character to the movies you work on?
BA: Yeah, up until this point I've pretty much written about the things I know or places I know. With Boston, certainly, you could say, as the producer of Next Stop Wonderland likes to describe it, "a valentine to Boston." (laughs) Whatever that means!
Happy Accidents is somehow imbued more with the chaos of New York -- these crazy people you meet on the street who might be time travelers. Or, as in the last scene, it's about the traffic and noise and madness of this city (which is a wonderful thing but could also drive you nuts.) I had moved here from Boston around the time that I worked on that script and was still a newbie fascinated by New York and all the big buildings.
You do this thing in the movie which is kinda cool -- I guess you would call it "memory photos" or something, done with stills --
BA: Yeah.
Am I being pretentious to ask if that was inspired by Chris Marker's La Jetee, or what?
(laughs) I've heard that referenced so many times, but I haven't seen the movie! I know what you're saying, though. No, those little sequences were described in the script as visions of the future by way of Ruby's imagination. It's Sam telling her what the future is like, why he came back, and all that. He's sharing with her this stuff and she's looking at him like, "You're insane."
As Ruby is describing this stuff to her friend, we're seeing all these strange images. It was kept expressionistic. I didn't want these "glimpses of the future" to be grounded in realism because we want to keep guessing: is Sam a nut or is he from another time?
 Since I didn't have the budget, I decided instead to take actual still images from the movie itself to vaguely illustrate what Sam was describing. The other very subtle thing was that all the images in these sequences are actually from later sequences so in some ways they actually are images from the future (of the movie).
I promise not to bring up La Jetee again.
BA: Hey, man, compare the movie to as many classics as you want!
Do you consider Happy Accidents science fiction?
No. I consider it a kitchen sink dramatic romance. The sci-fi angle is really a twist. The initial premise was to do a very simple relationship movie. Then it was trying to think what could be the most absurd monkey-wrench that could screw it all up. What could be something that one of the people reveals about themselves that could throw everything off? I'm from the future, or I'm an alien, or I'm gay, or whatever the revelation might be between the two partners.
The problem actually becomes the very thing that keeps the relationship interesting. You don't fall in love with someone because they're perfect and meet your requirements -- you fall for the things that are different about them or even problematic. If you're in love with the perfect person, that's gonna be over the moment the sex starts becoming routine.
Ruby's character is against the wall. How's she gonna react to this? The logical, most obvious response would be to immediately kick this guy out onto the street, but the fact that she holds on to him is an indication of her way to deal with these kinds of relationships. She tries to "fix" men, so she sees it as a challenge. I've known some women like that in my life, not that I'm a problem that needs to be fixed! (laughs)
Sam is very articulate about time travel. Did you do any homework or was it all just fancy?
BA: It was a combination of both. Once again, I did a lot of research online! You can find all these wacky internet people who genuinely believe they're from the future. I read books about time travel theory, just to get into the meat of it. In Happy Accidents, if you go back into time, you don't simply replicate the exact series of events that lead to your future. It's not pre-determined.  There could be an infinite number of parallel universes!
As for all of Sam's kooky descriptions of the future, those were somehow found deep in the recesses of my imagination.
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Illuminati, the mock-paper presentation event of Pantheon’18 brings to you a once in a while opportunity to unleash your creative side. If you have the mettle to prove your technical prowess, Illuminati provides you with the perfect platform to present your research paper on a scientific theme. All you have to do prior to the presentation is submit your abstract and relevant information set. Are you ready to enlighten and establish a new world order?
1. Participating teams will have to prepare a report of their Presentation with required graphic details, in less than 1000 words, and mail it to the address of<EMAIL_ADDRESS>2. The selected teams will be sent mails regarding their selection and will be informed about the further rounds.
3. The teams will be given 15 minutes to present their research paper with a supplementary PowerPoint presentation.
4. The selected teams have to submit at least five hard copies of their research to the esteemed panel who will be scrutinizing their research.
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6. The teams will be judged on their content, level of research, presentation skills and viva performances.
7. The dress code will be strictly formal wears.
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Team Size: 4-5
Theme: How to transform present technology to an eco-friendlier and advanced version of it
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2014-04-208 Domingo E. Savoretti<EMAIL_ADDRESS>* v0.9.0 NSR becomes real time: WebSocket support added
2014-04-08 Domingo E. Savoretti<EMAIL_ADDRESS>* v0.8.8 Added render_template_file method to simplify rendering templates from disk
2014-03-28 Domingo E. Savoretti<EMAIL_ADDRESS>* v0.8.6 Added gallery functionality
2014-03-26 Domingo E. Savoretti<EMAIL_ADDRESS>* v0.8.4-6 Stock icons built-in
2014-03-24 Domingo E. Savoretti<EMAIL_ADDRESS>* v0.8.4* More flow control: built-in promises
2014-03-21 Domingo E. Savoretti<EMAIL_ADDRESS>* v0.8.3-* Added flow control (async, trying to get away from callback hell)
2014-03-13 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.8.1/2-* Fully documenting session handling.
2014-03-12 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.8.0-1 Polishing directory listings, eliminated last remnants of sync functions and added session handling.
2014-03-05 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.7.1-1 Fixed nested properties issue when rendering template.
2014-02-26 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.7.0-1/-- Basic templating handling ala Mustache. Improved docs.
2014-01-10 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.4.9-4 Improved server generated by mk-server tool.
2013-12-29 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.4.9-3 As a result of the former, NSR now handles router.any.
2013-12-28 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.4.9 Fixes nil error when request method is not known/handled.
2013-08-12 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.4.7 CGI works smoothly now. Added scgi support (router.scgi_pass). Works fine too.
2013-08-04 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.4.5 Further improvement for cgi-bin, mainly PHP related. Some issues remain though.
2013-08-03 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.4.1 Improved cgi-bin. Looks really usable now.
2013-08-02 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.3.6 Added default favicon. Fixed cgi-bin.
2013-07-27 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.3.5 correction for paths which have escaped characters
2013-04-03 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.3.0 node-simple-router becomes able to handle form uploads
2013-04-02 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.2. Added mk-server tool to the bin directory
This is a tiny tool that will create a brand new node-simple-router powered server to the working directory. It can be invoked with no params, producing an executable
server.coffee file. Should you prefer getting a javascript version of the server, you must invoke it like so: mk-server js. This will produce server.js.
It's worth noting that in order for this to be useful, you should install node-simple-router globally sudo npm install -g node-simple-router
2013-04-01 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.2.6 Added compile to js tool 'compile.sh'
2013-03-25 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.2.5 Added xml and svg to the list of recognized types
2012-09-07 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* v0.2.4 - Added cgi support
2012-09-07 Domingo E. Savoretti <esavoretti_at_gmail.com>
* < v0.2.4 - All the basic stuff
Copyright 2012, 2013, 2014 Domingo E. Savoretti
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An example of adding SVG labels. This allows the user to add any svg elements to the label. This allows for links to works in IE.


About foauth.org
The idea for foauth.org came out of conversation between a couple of people who were frustrated with having to fight with OAuth in order get to our own data on our favorite services. It made sense for those services to talk to each other with OAuth, but for us to write our own scripts, we were required to either register our own app with a website and everything or restrict ourselves to the few services that offer a friendlier alternative.
HTTP already has its own authentication system, and there are hundreds — perhaps thousands — of tools that know how to work with it. Wouldn't it be great if there was a way to use that in our own scripts, but have something communicate with the services using OAuth behind the scenes? Thus, foauth.org was born.
Rather than try to build a bunch of bells and whistles and make everything really complicated, we focused on just one task: taking OAuth out of the equation when accessing your own data. Our goal is to help you log in with OAuth-compliant services using HTTP Basic authentication. That's it.
foauth.org was originally created by Marty Alchin, but in December 2014 became a part of Runscope's Community Projects.
If you'd like to learn more, check out the FAQ, our terms of service and information about privacy and security.
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- Outgoing HTTP
- Requests
- OAuth assistance
- OAuthLib
- Host platform
- Heroku
- Database server
- PostgreSQL
- SSL certification
- StartSSL
- Design assistance
- Bootstrap
- Icon assistance
- Fat Cow
- Font assistance
- Font Squirrel
- Title font
- Yanone Kaffeesatz
- Body font
- Titillium Text
- Code font
- Lekton


SOFTWARE ENGENEER
https://github.com/azhurb/stalker_portal
https://github.com/azhurb/LedMatrix
https://github.com/azhurb/dumpstream