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Hello !
bienvenu
Can one use lean.parser to actually parse strings? If so, how do I run a parser on a string? That's what I want to do.
Should I ask this on the other #general stream?
You could try pinging @Gabriel Ebner and @Sebastian Ullrich. (Actually, I just did that. :smile:)
@Pablo Le Hénaff You can. Here's an example: https://github.com/robertylewis/mathematica/blob/master/mathematica_parser.lean
@Rob Lewis cool! Last time I asked about this, I got the impression it couldn't be done.
Er, wait a sec. lean.parser
is different from data.buffer.parser
.
I didn't know about data.buffer.parser
data.buffer.parser
is a parser monad. lean.parser
exposes a bit of the built-in parser, I think.
So you can use the former to write your own string parser. But you don't get access to any of the built in stuff.
I think data.buffer.parser
is what I need, thanks!
@Scott Morrison What can't be done (easily, anyway) is parsing a string into an expr.
ah, okay. The thing I really wanted to do was parse a string into a tactic.
(I have some "self-describing" tactics, which you can ask to output a string, which is meant to be a tactic block that achieves whatever the invoked tactic just did (probably only using lower-level tactics). I really want to verify the output by parsing it and replaying it on the original goal, but never worked out how to do the parsing step.)
Yeah, you'd need to access the Lean parser to do that.
Can you make them output an expr instead of a string?
Hmm, can't you save the tactics from just before you generate the strings
Sure, certainly I can save the tactics: the point is to double-check that the copy-and-pasteable text you're about to present to the human really does what you promise.
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


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Contents
What's your test coverage?
Why we test
Quality of tests
Test coverage
Summary
What's your test coverage?
If you are a developer and write tests probably you already heard people around you talking about test coverage a lot. Usually it is something like: "we do not have this module covered yet", "we have 90% test coverage", "this new class is covered 100%". It is implied that the higher the test coverage is, the better it is: we are more confident in the code, there are fewer bugs, and the code is well-documented. And you may even get asked from time to time by other developers or wonder yourself what is the test coverage for the code you are currently working on.
Test coverage then seems like a pretty important metric that describes how well our code is tested. At the same time we use this term so often that inevitably we gloss over some important details and can even forget what we are trying to achieve with test coverage to begin with.
This article tries to revisit some of the reasoning behind the test coverage metric and provide a few simple examples that illustrate how we can use this metric and why we should better understand what it really means.
Hopefully, after reading this article you will be a bit more sceptical when somebody claims that the code is "100% tested", "everything is covered", "we should try to reach 100% coverage here", etc. Moreover, you will be able to offer some good arguments and maybe convince others to also be more practical and reasonable when it comes to this metric. And also you will be hopefully having much more meaningful discussions about the quality of the code than just:
- "What's our test coverage?"
- "It is 100%"
- "Good, it should definitely work"
Why we test
Probably, you were already doing some testing and the topic is quite familiar to you, but still, let's start again from the very beginning in small baby steps in order to better understand how exactly do we come up with such a metric as test coverage.
We test our code because we want to be sure, at least to some degree, that it works. Every software developer knows that a just written piece of code rarely works as expected when it is first run. Getting from the first version of the code to the working one can involve a few cycles of applying some changes and observing the results in the working code, that is testing the code. If everything is good, than the code is tested and works in the end.
Well, almost, because it turns out that due to the subjectivity of testing by the same person(s) who develop the code they can sometime miss a few errors (known as "bugs"). That's where testers come in and try to catch those bugs in the code which developers inadvertently left there.
If the testers miss bugs, then it is the turn of users to catch errors in software. Hopefully the users get well-tested and high-quality software, but, as we all know, unfortunately all too often the software we use still has quite a few bugs.
As we want our code to work correctly, ideally we would like to have no bugs in it when we make it available to the users. But this turns out to be a quite challenging task.
For some areas, the cost of error is so high and prohibiting, that finding all the errors and fixing them becomes a must. A good example of this can be software that is installed on a space ship that can cost a lot of money and requires everything to work precisely and perfectly.
For other applications, such as, for example, a video hosting service, the errors are still undesirable, but cost less.
It is all about making a trade-off: more testing means more effort, the cost of the left bugs should be less than the cost of additional testing required to find them.
Another approach is formally proving that some code works and implements specification which in its turn does not have bugs in it to begin with. Testing is quite different. Tests give us confidence, but do not prove completely that the code works, and this is the first important point we want to make in this article and that is often missed by some developers. There is a separate field in Computer Science that focuses on formally proving that programs are correct and some of its methods are even applied practically. We will not be talking about formally proving programs here, but for more information and additional links feel free to start with the following Wikipedia article "Formal verification" in case you have interest.
Often tests are written in the form of executable specifications that can be run by computer which saves a lot of precious human time from doing tedious, repetitive and error-prone work and leaves it to machines that are well-suited precisely for such things.
If tests are written together with the code and before the actual code is written we are talking about test-driven development, or test-first development. This has become quite a popular technique in the last years, but still many people write tests after the code has already been written or, unfortunately, do not write any tests at all. Guess why? Yes, "there is no time for that", although, surprisingly, it is somehow always possible to later find quite a lot of time to fix all those numerous issues that were missed because of poor testing.
Some articles and practical experience suggests that writing tests for the code, ideally doing test-driven development, in the end saves time and development effort by reducing the number of defects dramatically. Although some bugs still escape and need to be caught by QA later, their number is then not as large as it would have been without tests.
So writing tests and testing code well pays off and makes sense because of the better quality of the resulting software, less stress for developers, more satisfied users and less development effort required to develop and fix the issues.
Quality of tests
Tests are good, as we just have seen and we need them. But there are so many ways to write tests for some piece of code, then how do we know if some set of tests is better than another? Can we somehow measure the quality of our tests and compare different sets of tests with each other?
Good tests are the ones after running which we are quite sure that the code works and the major usage scenarios have been tested or we say "covered". Good tests should not be more complicated and take more effort to support than the code they test. They should be as independent as possible and allow to trace down a bug from a test failure in a matter of seconds without long debugging sessions. There should not be a lot of duplication, the test code should be well-structured. The tests should be fast and lightweight. etc.
We see that there are quite a few metrics and criteria that we can come up with that will tell us whether our tests are good enough.
Test coverage
Test coverage is just one such simple metric, although probably the most popular one, that allows us to judge whether our "tests are good". Quite often, and, as we are already starting to see, a bit simplistically, people make this synonymous to "test coverage is good". Moreover, "test coverage" often means the "line coverage of code by tests" which is quite different from, for example, "scenario coverage by tests" as it can be observed in the following simple example.
The example will be in JavaScript and will use a particular testing framework Jasmine but is not really JavaScript-specific. We just use JavaScript here to make our example real and executable in some environment, and you are free to port it to your favorite language and testing framework as you wish.
Let's say we want to write a simple function that will return values from some dictionary based on the set of keys that are passed to it.
[sourcecode language="javascript"]
var dictionary = {
"key1": "value1",
"key2": "value2",
"key3": "value3"
};
[/sourcecode]
Let's write some tests first that specify the desired behavior:
[sourcecode language="javascript"]
describe("getValues - full line coverage", function() {
it("should provide values for requested keys", function() {
expect(getValues(["key1", "key2", "key3"]))
.toEqual(["value1", "value2", "value3"]);
});
});
[/sourcecode]
The implementation is pretty simple:
[sourcecode language="javascript"]
function getValues(keys) {
return keys.map(function(key) {
return dictionary[key];
});
}
[/sourcecode]
We just convert a list of keys into the list of values with map by replacing each key with a corresponding value from dictionary.
As we can see, each line of our function getValues is executed once and we have the so longed for 100% test coverage. Good job?
Well, let's pause for a moment and look at an alternative implementation that will make our test pass and will have the same 100% test coverage.
[sourcecode language="javascript"]
function getValues(keys) {
return ["value1", "value2", "value3"];
}
[/sourcecode]
The implementation is obviously not what we want, because it always returns the same values no matter which keys we pass to the function. Something obviously went wrong with our test coverage metric here because it gave us false confidence in a broken code. And also then our tests are still not good enough as we did not recognize the wrong implementation. Let's add more tests and be more specific for what behavior we wish.
[sourcecode language="javascript"]
describe("getValues", function() {
it("should provide values for requested keys", function() {
expect(getValues(["key1", "key2", "key3"]))
.toEqual(["value1", "value2", "value3"]);
});
it("should provide values for single key", function() {
expect(getValues(["key1"])).toEqual(["value1"]);
});
});
[/sourcecode]
Now we have failing test (and 100% test coverage at the same time ;)) and our implementation should definitely be fixed.
But, if we are really stubborn or have no clue how to implement this required function we can fix it like this.
[sourcecode language="javascript"]
function getValues(keys) {
return (keys.length == 1) ? ["value1"]
: ["value1", "value2", "value3"];
}
[/sourcecode]
which is still wrong, although we already have two passing tests and our test coverage is still 100%.
Then we have no choice but to test all the possible combinations of the keys present in the dictionary.
[sourcecode language="javascript"]
describe("getValues", function() {
sets(["key1", "key2", "key3"]).forEach(function(testInput) {
var testCaseName = "should provide values for '"
+ testInput.join(",") + "'";
it(testCaseName, function() {
var expectedOutput = testInput.map(function(key) {
return key.replace("key", "value");
});
expect(getValues(testInput)).toEqual(expectedOutput);
});
});
});
[/sourcecode]
Here we are using some function sets that generates all the possible sets from the given arguments. Its implementation is left out of scope of this article.
It looks like our test suite is now more complicated then the code we test. It has 8 test cases which all pass and provides 100% test coverage. But now it seems that the only valid implementation to make all those tests pass is the original one.
[sourcecode language="javascript"]
function getValues(keys) {
return keys.map(function(key) {
return dictionary[key];
});
}
[/sourcecode]
OK. So, are we finished yet?
Well, not quite. There are still many scenarios for our code that were not covered but which we may in fact expect to occur when our code is used.
What if we provide some unexpected input or a key that is not present in the dictionary? What should the behavior be? Let's add a couple more tests.
[sourcecode language="javascript"]
describe("getValues", function() {
sets(["key1", "key2", "key3"]).forEach(function(testInput) {
var testCaseName = "should provide values for '"
+ testInput.join(",") + "'";
it(testCaseName, function() {
var expectedOutput = testInput.map(function(key) {
return key.replace("key", "value");
});
expect(getValues(testInput)).toEqual(expectedOutput);
});
});
it("should handle invalid input properly", function() {
expect(getValues(null)).toEqual([]);
});
it("should return no value for unknown key", function() {
expect(getValues(["key1", "unknown", "key3"]))
.toEqual(["value1", undefined, "value3"]);
});
});
[/sourcecode]
Unfortunately our implementation does not pass the test for invalid input and we should correct it a bit. Let's do it.
[sourcecode language="javascript"]
function getValues(keys) {
return keys ? keys.map(function(key) {
return dictionary[key];
}) : [];
}
[/sourcecode]
OK, now we have 10 test cases and still 100% test coverage which, by the way, it seems, we had all along in this example. Should we stop at this point?
If we look formally, there are still lots of untested scenarios, for example, what if dictionary contains other keys or no keys at all, will our code work? So we can get really paranoid about our code, do not believe that it works and add more and more tests. But, rather than wasting time and doing that, let's just say that now it just works because we tested basic scenarios well and even some invalid inputs.
Yes, that's right, as much as our tests give us confidence, without strict mathematical proof of correctness at some point we should just say "we believe that it works now". This is just how it is, tests are a tool not a means. When our tool gives us enough confidence and lets us explore the code enough in the end it is still our judgement whether the code works or not. By the way, this is precisely why our code still needs to be tested or looked at by other people afterwards. As good as we hope it is, our judgement may be flawed and we can miss some important scenarios in which our code will be used.
Given this simple example, let's move on directly to the final part of this article and formulate some of the conclusions that now should be more or less evident.
Summary
- Test coverage is just one of many metrics that can be used to judge how good our tests are
- Name "test coverage" is misleading, it should be more like "line coverage"
- Line coverage is a simplistic metric that measures not the percentage of possible scenarios that were covered, but rather that of executed lines of code
- Line coverage is being measured primarily because it is easy to measure
- Reaching 100% line coverage does not guarantee that code works
- For strictly proving that code is correct a whole different approach is needed
- Don't be deceived by nice line coverage metric values
- Spending a lot of effort on reaching 100% line coverage may not be worth it, because scenario coverage may still be well below 100%
- Consider other metrics in combination with line coverage
- Computing scenario coverage is more difficult than line coverage
- Tests do not prove that code works, only give more confidence
- Avoid excessive confidence in tests
- Quality of the code depends on the quality of tests
- Automated testing and TDD are great tools that improve the quality of software dramatically
- It is difficult or not feasible to cover all possible scenarios for code
- Some leap of faith is still needed that the code works
- There is no exact recipe when we have written enough tests, not too many not too few
- Avoid being too speculative about code and adding too many extra tests, added value per test will be less
- Thoroughly testing invalid inputs is fine for publicly exposed APIs, but may make little sense for internal library code, but, again, no exact recipe
Links
Code from the article
Formal Verification
Test-Driven Development
Jasmine (JavaScript testing framework)


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FIRST MONDAY
by Chris Corcos
Oh, dear. First of all, why
did this series premiere on a Tuesday and why will it then air
on Fridays? Well, if that were the most important of our questions,
we'd be all right.
O.K.,
let's get the special pleading out of the way. Yes, the first
episode of any series is clogged with characters and situations,
in order to get the viewers acclimated. And maybe Executive Producer
Bellisario is angry about Bush v. Gore and its seemingly politically-influenced
result.
After watching the first few
minutes of First Monday, I had the sinking feeling I often
get when reading student first drafts. I can identify some interesting
ideas in there, but they're camouflaged behind murky thought
patterns, cliched writing, superficial analysis, and a lack of
intellectual direction. Shall we start with the characters? Or
the plot so full of holes you could drive a truck through it?
Or the bad dialogue? All of these tax my linguistic ingenuity.
The characters are straight
from popular culture images of former and current Supreme Court
Justices. Garner's conservative, sports-crazy Chief more interested
in Oklahoma's national rankings than in a death-row inmate brush
with lightning is a mix of Byron "Whizzer" White (for
the sports), and various SCJs, including current CJ William Rehnquist,
for the conservatism (and coldness and insensitivity). Are the
Justices that sports-crazy? According to a friend who clerked
at the Court, some of them are. So that part is accurate. If
the writers had made more of it dramatically, it might even be
important. Estelle Weisenberg is clearly Ruth Ginsberg without
the charm or finesse. Jerome Morris (James McEachin) is Thurgood
Marshall-like and thoroughly admirable. Not much you can do with
that if you're an actor, though. Apparently Clarence Thomas,
who would have been a more interesting template for a justice,
is off-limits for political reasons.
The politics of First Monday
is another problem. This episode is agenda-laden. Dealing with
Novelli's first crisis of conscience, it drags out all the memes
associated with capital punishment, the execution of juveniles,
and the execution of the mentally disabled. These are important
issues. Unfortunately, the writers treat them with dialogue dredged
up from film noir. In the interests of full disclosure, I will
admit that I am a knee-jerk liberal, against the death penalty,
for affirmative action, and pro-choice. But the conservatives
on this show get a bad rap. Their legal positions are misrepresented
to the point that they seem to ignore or wilfully misunderstand
the law. When Novelli and Brankin discuss the advisability of
issuing a stay, Brankin's opposition is political, rather than
legal. He suggests that no possible presentation of evidence
or law could result in a rehearing of the case. Therefore the
stay would be cruel, since it would hold out false hope. Novelli's
response is to ask his law clerks (Elly is the only one who does
any work on the case) to find him "case law" that would
allow him to issue the stay. Elly comments that the request for
a stay is badly drafted. What's the dramatic point? That death
penalty advocates are committed but incompetent?
Meanwhile, Brankin calls the
justices together to discuss granting cert (do they do that sua
sponte?). We hear various comments throughout the episode about
the number of justices it takes to grant cert, deny cert or obtain
a "win": different breakdowns fly through the air with
law clerk assessments about how things "would have turned
out" if Novelli had been on the Court the year before. This
all becomes confusing and even law teachers who watched the episode
were left in doubt about what was actually being said. The over-emphasis
on and confusion over "how many votes" distracts us
from the really interesting question: how do Justices make up
their minds? In addition, what goes on behind the Justices' closed
doors in chambers is shrouded in mystery, since no one else,
not even a law clerk, goes in there. The scene in chambers is
therefore totally misleading. If the scriptwriters are trying
to tell us that what goes on is smoke-filled room politics, they
could not have been more obvious, but we have no way of knowing
whether they are correct. Dramatically, it would have been more
interesting if the discussion were not shown and Novelli had
to explain the results to his neophyte clerks (and us) in guarded,
obscure language.
The political breakdowns are obviously more important than the
legal positions. Of all the impressions First Monday throws
out about the Court, this one is perhaps the most accurate. Politics
does matter. But does it matter to the extent that the writers
suggest? Do they really want to tell the American public that
the Brethren make up their minds about who wins and who loses
the way they make up their minds about what to order for dinner?
If so, they need better plots and better dialogue than this.
I'm very cynical about a lot of our legal system, but even I
think it's a cheap shot.
Elly eventually trots in with
a case; Novelli objects to it by saying it isn't factually consistent
with the case at bar, and also that the petitioner lost. (How
did this woman get a job as a law clerk, anyway?). He chastises
her for letting her political beliefs get in the way of her legal
research. Off she goes to try again, and he continues to think
deep thoughts in chambers. The scene of her doing research in
the law library is quite something. Apparently the only person
who knows where anything is located is the person at the desk
(who we are meant to assume is a librarian). She even knows where
specific volumes of reporters are. And she has a code of ethics.
When Julian (Brankin's law minion) pumps her for information
about Elly's research, she declines to answer. The image of the
librarian is accurate-they really do know a lot of stuff and
they keep their mouths shut. Are we going to see that developed?
It might make an interesting plot line at some point. Eventually
the great breakthrough comes, when at the end of the episode,
her male colleague (Jerry, the liberal, nice one) rereads the
trial transcript and opines that the inmate didn't intend to
kill his victim. Aha! Shouts Elly. New evidence! Novelli can
grant the stay. He does, and she tries to get through to the
warden in the usual cliched last-minute reprieve scene, but just
as it did in the beginning of the episode, lightning strikes
the prison, knocking out communications, and she has to give
up. Moses is executed. She feels really, really bad about that,
too.
The triumph of politics over
law is even uglier in the scenes involving the transsexual Mexican
national who wants political asylum. The petitioner sits with
her attorney at the defense table. While the Court provides tables
for attorneys, petitioners don't routinely sit with their advocates,
and justices don't pepper clients with questions from the bench.
(The closest anyone ever came to addressing the Court without
leave was when Larry Flynt objected to the proceedings during
his attorney's November 8, 1983 oral argument and Chief Justice
Burger ordered him arrested. Keeton v. Hustler, 104 S. Ct. 1473
(1984)). The questions directed at the appellant and her attorney
from the conservative Justices are mean-spirited and rude. Chief
Justice Rankin tells the petitioner if he'd just put on a pair
of pants his "problem would be solved." Justice Hoskins
asks the attorney if the petitioner plans to have "the operation"
to make him female. She says she doesn't know (like Elly, yet
another incompetent female practicing law in the jurisdiction
of PopCultureLand, apparently). The client admits at that point
that he is really a transvestite, destroying his case. To make
matters worse, the attorney accepts a dinner invitation from
Novelli's Hispanic conservative law clerk, Miguel (at least he's
not named "Jesús" or "Juan"), who
tells her that he likes her legs. At dinner she admits that she
never met her client before she took the case yesterday. They
go dancing, and in a plot twist one can see a mile away, she
reveals that she is a transsexual. So much for Miguel's (we are
to assume) misguided admiration of her legs. ("Oh,"
he says, "that's why you wanted to lead.") Miguel is
apparently meant to go against type: he's anti-affirmative action
and pro-death penalty. He's the Clarence Thomas of Hispanic-American
legal circles, reminding viewers that we can't judge a book by
its cover or a lawyer by her figure, or a law clerk by his name.
At the end of the episode Novelli
calls his Chief Justice in the middle of the night to tell him
he plans to issue stays for all eight death row inmates convicted
of crimes committed while they were juveniles. The CJ is unimpressed
with this display of potential moral courage, and so are the
viewers. Moses is still really dead.
And the language! Non-lawyers
will think lawyers are linguistically challenged. When examining
the picture of Novelli on the football team, male law clerk 1
(Jerry the likeable guy) says he didn't realize his new boss
was a jock. "Look beyond the prima facie evidence,"
Elly informs him (Novelli was the water boy). Prima facie evidence?
I know some pretty pretentious Ivy League law grads. Even they
don't talk like that.
The interactions are bizarre.
Newly appointed Justice Novelli's (Joe Mantegna) first meetings
with his fellow justices occur on his first day of service. Likely?
I think not. Nor do they really lobby each other on the way down
the hall to hear oral argument. And does the CJ joyfully shout
"Let's make history" after a football huddle, as they
pile onto the bench, like a high school cheerleader with delusions
of grandeur? And it's pretty implausible that Novelli has never
been to the Court before. After all, he has to move into his
office.
My local newspaper ran a column
about the episode yesterday. The critic objected to the depiction
of only four law clerks, three of them working for Novelli, saying
that viewers might think that's all it takes to run the Court.
Believe me, if that was all I thought viewers would think was
wrong with the Court, I wouldn't worry about it. The erstwhile
quartet didn't bother me; in fact, I found them so annoying that
I don't think I could have taken more than that. "Elly"
does all the work, and all the worrying. One of the males, "Jerry
Klein", is the pragmatic sort, very likely to do well as
an eventual popular and emotionally healthy partner in a major
law firm, probably headed for a judgeship himself one day. Third
up is Miguel, the conservative jackass who gets his comeuppance
at the end of the episode. Finally, there's the Chief Justice's
law clerk, a smarmy bit of work named Julian Lodge, who spies
on the other clerks for his master's benefit.
The one redeeming social value
is the acting. The wonderful Charles Durning, who has bad limericks
to recite, James Garner, Joe Mategna and the much underrated
James McEachin are among the talented bunch trapped in this mess.
The actor playing the condemned man does a fine job, as does
the one playing his prison guard, but again their dialogue is
familiar and thus much less touching than it should be. The young
death row inmate whom lightning strikes twice is named "Moses"-unfortunately
he's not leading us into any promised land that I can discern,
except that of certain knowledge that people in this country
are wrongly executed every year.
First Monday could be so much more than it is-an
exciting examination of ideas and social policy coupled with
the human interaction that we forget makes up a great part of
the workings of the Court. Any reporter volume is full of intriguing
and interesting cases that could form the basis for a fascinating
plot, that with effective writing and plotting would not be beyond
the audience's ability to comprehend.. Memo to Donald Bellisario:
Get in touch with me. I can help you with this.
If I talked in sports cliches,
I'd say First Monday so far has too many men on the field,
and ought to be penalized for late hits. Since I don't, I think
First Monday is full of (I hope) reversible errors. But
so far, I'd deny it cert. Without radical revision, I give this
series a very short Term.
Chat rooms:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/first_monday/
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/firstmondaytv/
Posted January 18, 2002
|


:: com :: sun :: star :: text ::
|
| service PagePrintSettings |
- Description
- These properties describe the way the XPagePrintable interface
prints the page on one printer page.
|
| Properties' Summary |
short
PageRows |
contains the number of pages per printed column of pages.
|
short
PageColumns |
contains the number of pages per printed row of pages.
|
long
LeftMargin |
contains the left margin of the printer page.
|
long
RightMargin |
contains the right margin of the printer page.
|
long
TopMargin |
contains the top margin of the printer page.
|
long
BottomMargin |
contains the right margin of the printer page.
|
long
HoriMargin |
contains the margin between the rows of printed pages.
|
long
VertMargin |
contains the margin between the columns of printed pages.
|
boolean
IsLandscape |
defines if the printer page is used in landscape format.
|
| Properties' Details |
PageRows
short PageRows;
- Description
- contains the number of pages per printed column of pages.
|
|
PageColumns
short PageColumns;
- Description
- contains the number of pages per printed row of pages.
|
|
LeftMargin
long LeftMargin;
- Description
- contains the left margin of the printer page.
|
|
RightMargin
long RightMargin;
- Description
- contains the right margin of the printer page.
|
|
TopMargin
long TopMargin;
- Description
- contains the top margin of the printer page.
|
|
BottomMargin
long BottomMargin;
- Description
- contains the right margin of the printer page.
|
|
HoriMargin
long HoriMargin;
- Description
- contains the margin between the rows of printed pages.
|
|
VertMargin
long VertMargin;
- Description
- contains the margin between the columns of printed pages.
|
|
IsLandscape
boolean IsLandscape;
- Description
- defines if the printer page is used in landscape format.
|
|
Top of Page
Copyright © 2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.


| |
Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, app_id=None, app_secret_key=None)
- course(self, semester='S14', course_id=None, department=None, course_number=None)
- Get information about a given course for a given semester
- courses(self, semester='S14', department=None)
- Get a list of all the courses under a given department for
a given semester
- departments(self, semester='S14')
- Get a list of all the departments for a given semester
- request(self, uri, limit=None, page=None)
- Make a request to the scheduling API
|


This document describes pvDatabaseCPP, which is a framework for implementing a network accessible database of smart memory resident records. Network access is via pvAccess. The data in each record is a top level PVStructure as defined by pvData. The framework includes a complete implementation of ChannelProvider as defined by pvAccess. The framework can be extended in order to create record instances that implements services. The minimum that an extension must provide is a top level PVStructure and a process method.
For more information about EPICS generally, please refer to the home page of the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System.
pvDatabaseCPP is one of the components of EPICS Version 4
This document is only a guide to help locate code and documentation related to pvDatabaseCPP
It is intended for developers that want to use pvDatabaseCPP.
A guide for developers is available at developerGuide
This guide discusses all the components that are part of an EPICS V4 release. Some understanding of the components and how they are related is necessary in order to develop code that uses pvDatabaseCPP. In particular read everything related to pvDatabase.
The developerGuide discusses code in a way that applies to both CPP and C++. For the descriptions of the CPP specific code consult the next section.
doxygen documentation is available at doxgen
pvDatabaseCPP itself has the following implementations of a PVRecord
Example code is available as part of this release. exampleCPP
In particular look at the example code mentioned in the following sub-sections.
This has many examples of how to create both soft records and records that implement other functionality.
This shows how to implement a record that has a link to another record
Shell commands are made available via the standard DBD include mechanism provided by iocCore. The following provide EPICS V4 shell commands:
pvAccessCPP pvaSrv pvDatabaseCPP
pvDatabaseCPP provides the following iocshell command.
In addition any code that implements a PVRecord must implement an ioc command. Look at any of the examples in exampleCPP to see how to implement shell commands.


Demographic Information
Personal Details
Social Profile
Demographic Information
Just some quick info
#{name}
...
Education level
High School
Undergraduate
Graduate
PhD
Graduation Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
How Many Hackathons Have You Been To?
None
1
2
3
4
5
6-10
11-15
16-20
20+
Personal Details
Let us know you better.
What Are You Interested In?

What Fields Are You Interested In Working On?
What Are Your Hobbies?
Social Profile
Help others know you better
Upload Profile Image
Website:
Devpost:
Phone:
Facebook:
Instagram:
Linkedin:
Github:


Some old data analysis and visualization experiments developed around 2011-2012.
Rtist: weird but beautiful random paintings.
Got Plot: tiny collection of polished charts in R.
Star Wars Arc Diagram: visualizing Star Wars movie scripts.
genbiovis: deprecated experiment for visualizing titles of genetics & biology papers
Mining twitter with R: deprecated experiment that keeps catching people's attention.


Kids’ drive against fairy lights on trees a success
Many shops in Indiranagar are responding to their appeal and removing decorative lamps draped on trees
by Tini Sara AnienIn areas such as Indiranagar and Koramangala, many stores deck up trees with fairy lights to attract customers.
A group of children from Indiranagar is now campaigning against the practice, and explaining to shop owners how the lights affect tree health.
Interact Club, Indiranagar, described as a youth community service club, handed out appeals to retail outlets on 100 Ft Road last week. They will be going back for a follow-up this week.
The letter speaks about how fairy lights are bad and urges shops to remove them in the interest of the trees. The nails used to hang lights damage the bark, and unnatural light messes with the biocycle.
Twelfth grader, Anika Gururaj is the president of, Interact Club of Indiranagar, and the one who took the campaign ahead. She says the fairy lights give additional stress to trees, which are already exposed to smoke and pollution. “We wanted to make sure that brands were aware of how environmentally damaging they are” she says.
Most shop owners turned off the lights immediately, while others wanted to check with their management.
“We plan to go back this weekend to check with shops who haven’t taken off the lights yet. We will talk to them and if nothing comes of it, address them through social media,” she says.
Anika hopes the campaign will catch on. “The other alarming thing is trees being felled suddenly. Citizens need to be more watchful,” she says.
Hursh R Pai, an eighth-grader with St Joseph’s Boys’ High School, says another concern is cables hung on trees. “They could electrocute the tree or even start a fire,” he says.
Open places act
Disfigurement of trees (which are public property) can be penalised under the Karnataka Open Places
(Prevention of Disfigurement) Act, 1981.
“Fairy lights are unnatural and affect the biodiversity around the tree. They generate heat, and nails hammered into the bark can cause infections.When wrapped around trees, fairy lights even stunt growth.”
- Vijay Nishanth, Conservationist
Why they are bad
They affect a tree’s biological cycle.
They are an electrical safety hazard.
Nails cause bark infection.
They stunt tree growth.
Metrolife article helped create awareness
Sonalee Panda, tree lover and resident of Defence Colony, Indiranagar, encouraged children to take up the campaign.
She was walking by a line of shops a year ago when she saw fairy lights “choking the trees”.
A Metrolife article titled ‘Fairy lights, posters on trees, but officials don’t care, (July 18, 2018) had highlighted the problem. This helped Sonalee create awareness among residents.
“I asked (conservationist) Vijay Nishanth about fairy lights on trees and he sent me this article. It led to discussions and helped create awareness,” she says.
When she approached a few brands, they responded positively and took off the lights. She observes that bigger brands are more aware of social media noise, but standalone stores do not bother much.
“There have also been times when brands have responded with messages apologising for the fairy lights and confirming they have taken them off,” she says. Involving children was a good idea as they are more energetic and have unique ideas to take the campaign forward, she says. “We hope to spread the message to other places too,” she says.


FG executive council meets today to discuss Maria Bailey's future
by By Digital Desk staffFine Gael's national executive council will meet this evening to discuss the political future of Maria Bailey.
The TD may be removed as a general election candidate in the Dun-Laoghaire Rathdown constituency.
Last month, Fine Gael party members voted for an urgent review of the constituency's election ticket.
Maria Bailey has been in the spotlight since it emerged she had taken a personal injuries claim against a Dublin hotel.
It came after she fell off a swing, a case which she later dropped.
It is expected that the executive council will be given a recommendation from the Taoiseach on what should happen next.
If Deputy Bailey is removed, Minister of State Mary Mitchell O'Connor and Cllr Barry Ward would be the FG candidates in Dun-Laoghaire Rathdown.
Or, another person could be added to the ticket, with councillors Lorraine Hall and Jennifer Carroll MacNeill tipped for selection.
Leo Varadkar has refused to be drawn on her Maria Bailey's future, but said he would be guided by the view of members.
READ MORE
Lifelong health damage caused by climate change outlined in report


Background Service Local Application
Please click buttons.
Function
Play action
Play contents 1
/ Number 1
Play contents 2
/ Number 2
Paint contents 3
/ Number 3
Paint contents 4
/ Number 4
Paint contents 5
/ Number 5
Log Clear
/ Number 0
Result


$ git clone git@github.com:YOUR_USERNAME/hibersap.git
If you want to report a bug or request a new feature, please use the Hibersap issue tracker on GitHub. Before filing an issue please make sure it isn’t already on the tracker.
When submitting a bug please include the Hibersap and JCo version as well as the Resource Adapter if you use one and its version.
Before you submit a pull request on GitHub always create an issue on the issue tracker.
If you want to contribute to the Hibersap project, the first thing to do is to fork the original GitHub repository to your own GitHub account by clicking the fork button in the Hibersap repository:
The forked repository is now part of your GitHub account’s list of repositories. Clone the GitHub repository by executing the following command on your command line:
$ git clone git@github.com:YOUR_USERNAME/hibersap.git
Your local repository has your fork on GitHub as a default remote repository (named origin). To be able to pull your changes to the original project repository at a later stage, you need to locally add the latter as an additional remote repository (named upstream):
$ cd hibersap $ git remote add upstream git://github.com/hibersap/hibersap.git $ git fetch upstream
The fetch command updates your fork with any changes that happened to the original repository in the meantime.
Here comes the cool part: Develop your new feature. Write tests. Add and commit changes to your local branch:
$ git add ... $ git commit ...
When you are finished, make sure there are no build errors and all the tests pass. Then, push your branch to your GitHub repository:
$ git push origin my_new_feature
In your web browser, navigate to your GitHub repository and switch to the branch containing your changes (here: my_new_feature). Press the Pull Request button and provide a title and comment. Check the Commits and Files Changed tabs to see if everything is right. Finally, press the Send Pull Request button and you are finished.
You are also welcome to contribute to the Hibersap documentation. To submit a pull request, please follow the steps above with a different GitHub repository: https://github.com/hibersap/hibersap.github.io. The repository contains the web site including the Hibersap Reference Guide.
The web site is built using Awestruct which itself builds on the Ruby programming language. Most of the pages are in AsciiDoc format. Asciidoc is used to process the AsciiDoc files inside Awestruct. As a CSS framework Zurb Foundation is used.
Changes must only be made to the develop
branch!
The master branch contains the web site after the build.
To build the Hibersap web site you need to have Ruby installed. You also need to install the following Ruby gems:
$ gem install awestruct coffee-script htmlcompressor uglifier slim
To build the site run the following command from the command line:
$ rake
The default task that will be run by the rake build is preview
.
This starts up a web server with the site and you can open it in the browser with the following URL:
http://localhost:4242/
To run the build and start a web server for development purposes:
$ rake preview
To run clean up and run the preview :
$ rake clean preview
To just run the build without starting a web server:
$ rake gen
Deploy to GitHub pages:
$ rake deploy


Design Challenge, UI/UX
Medi-Care ( MS Design Challenge 2020 )
Re imagining the communication between Post-operative / at home care patients and their doctors with an aim to improve the existing system's efficiency.
Coming Soon
Re imagining the communication between Post-operative / at home care patients and their doctors with an aim to improve the existing system's efficiency.
Designing the experience for a Healthy meal delivery service aiming to fulfill specilized patient's nutrition needs.
Building a community based platform for empowering Rural Indian Women with increased focus on support and education.


{include file="public/_head" /} {include file="public/_left" /} 批量导入 图片 选择文件 导入模板下载 {include file="public/_foot" /}


SanicMail
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{% trans "Business" %} {% trans "Updates" %}
-
{% for tut in tutorials %}
{% if tut.type != 'tutorial' and tut.type != 'article' %}
- {{tut.publication_date.month}}/{{tut.publication_date.day}} {{tut.title|safe}}{% if tut.subtitle %}: {{tut.subtitle|safe}}{% endif %} {% for tag in tut.classes %} {{tag}} {% endfor %} {% endif %} {% empty %} Sorry, nothing available yet. Become a contributor. {% endfor %}
{% trans "Business" %} {% trans "Tutorials" %}
-
{% for r in tutorials %}
{% if forloop.counter0 < 10 %}
{% if r.type == 'tutorial' or r.type == 'article' %}
-
{{r.title}}{% if r.subtitle %}: {{r.subtitle|safe}}{% endif %}
{{r.description|safe|truncatewords:15}}
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
{% empty %}
Sorry, nothing available yet. Become a contributor.
{% endfor %}{% trans "Why move to HTML5 now than later?" %}
- HTML5 can be deployed across multiple platforms and a wide range of mobile devices.
- It's a less expensive and more productive solution to have one source code for all your platforms.
- HTML5 contains a lot of features that are very useful and powerful for business:
- Security: Secure web sockets gives you high throughput on a secure channel.
- Efficiency: Multi-threading with web workers let you do more computational tasks in your clients’ machines.
- Offline: Client-side databases to store data so you can be productive when you don’t have an internet connection.
- Lots of other leading companies are moving to HTML5: Adobe, Salesforce, Citrix, Netflix, Twitter etc.
{% trans "Tools & Frameworks" %}
- localStorage polyfill
- sessionStorage polyfill
- amplifyjs.js
- IDBWrapper - wrapper library for IndexedDB
- Sencha
- Strobe
- Google Web Toolkit
- Google Closure Library


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block app_content %}
There will be something usefull here at some point.


---
layout: generic
header: 1.2 PERSONAL IMAGE
header_text: IMAGE-> It is the collection of external messages that we communicate (intentionally or not) about our inner selves
header_background_color: 330657
permalink: /personal-image.html
---
"First impression is Last impression"
What's Your Image Saying About You?
David A. McKnight
Image Consultant | Life & Career Coach | Brand Strategist | Author: The Zen of Executive Presence


Food Fight RPG
Cupcake
100 hp
Cheeseburger
100 hp
Artichoke
100 hp
Carrot
100 hp
Your Character
Enemies Available To Attack
Fight Section
Attack
Defender
Images obtained from VectorStock


The user profiles listed in your PeopleZen Web Parts are provided by a something called a Data Source. A PeopleZen Data Source defines the source of the information to be displayed, and how to connect to that source (among other settings).
After installation, there is only one pre-defined PeopleZen Data Source available, titled (Default Data Source). You can customize it or add additional Data Sources via Site Settings / PeopleZen Studio / Data Sources. Each PeopleZen Web Part then lets you select which of your Data Sources to use (in its settings tool-pane, via web part menu / Modify Web Part).
Before reviewing its many other settings, the primary choice for each Data Source is the Connection provider setting. The currently supported choices are:
This is the default choice for PeopleZen installations on SharePoint 2010 Server (SPS) and Microsoft Office SharePoint Server (MOSS) 2007 (and is not available on SharePoint 2010 Foundation (SPF) or Windows SharePoint Services (WSS) 3.0).
Retrieves the farm-wide shared user profile information (which is often imported from Active Directory) stored in the current default User Profiles Service Application (SPS 2010) / the current default Shared Service Provider (MOSS 2007).
This is the default choice for PeopleZen installations on SharePoint 2010 Foundation (SPF) and Windows SharePoint Services (WSS) 3.0.
Retrieves the user profile information (plus optionally groups if desired) stored in the current Site Collection's User Information List (at /_catalogs/users).
Retrieves user profile information stored in any LDAP-compatible directory service, such as Domino or Active Directory.
Retrieves user profile information from SQL Server, Oracle or any other database accessible via OLEDB, ODBC or ADO.NET.


Module to handle output to the console.
MIT. See LICENSE for full details.
Format output to the console.
Write a line to the console.
| string line | The line to write. |
Write an indented line to the console.
| string line | The line to write. |
| int indent | The space indent before the line. |
Write a prefixed line to the console.
| string prefix | The prefix of the line. |
| string line | The line to write. |
Write an intented, prefixed line to the console.
| string prefix | The prefix of the line. |
| string line | The line to write. |
| int indent | The space indent before the line. |
Write the header.
Output a detailed report.
| ModuleResultCollection results | A module result collection. |


If your program doesn’t use raw sockets (nmap syn-scan, for example) then most probably you can use proxychains to force your program though the socks proxy. Edit proxy server in /etc/proxychains.conf:
[ProxyList]
# add proxy here ...
# meanwile
# defaults set to "tor"
socks4 <IP_ADDRESS> 3128
All ready. Just prepend proxychains to you favorite pwn tool:
proxychains program_name


Planetary Climate
Role of the Surface
Boundary Layers
Surface Boundary Condition
Reynolds Number
Momentum/Energy Fluxes
Bulk Aerodynamic Formula
Sensible/Latent Heat
Roughness length
Energy Partitioning
Surface Properties
Plants!


Pow! The Moment Deontay Wilder Knocks Out Luis Ortiz - Video
The Wilder vs Ortiz bout was a rematch of their 2018 fight, where the renowned athlete also knocked out his opponent sending him down in the 10th round.
A video showing Deontay Wilder knocking out his rival Luis Ortiz has been posted online. The footage shows the 34-year-old boxer, who is ranked the world’s second best active heavyweight, trying to crack Ortiz’s defence with several straight punches. The moment the Cuban opened up Wilder threw a crushing hook that sent Ortiz down to the canvas. The Cuban managed to stand up, but not before the ref counted to 10. This was Wilder's 10th WBC world heavyweight title defence.


PLATYPUS LABS
Please select the app/service for which you would like to view our Privacy Policy:
PPoll - Quick Polls
GetPass
SafeDish


\(V(S)\) when S is a SDE - Itô III
Let \(V\) be a function of \(S\) where \(S\) satisfies the stochastic differential equation \(dS = \mu S \space dt + \sigma S \space dX(t)\) Note how in this case \(\mu\) and \(\sigma\) are constants. In more elaborate models, both can be time-dependent variables and be stochastic themselves.
Using a one-dimension Taylor Series expansion, we can write \[V(S + dS) \approx V(S) + \frac{dV}{dS} \space dS + \frac{1}{2} \frac{d^2V}{dS^2} \space dS^2\]
To express \(dS^2\)? \[dS^2 = (dS)^2 = \mu^2 S^2 \space dt^2 + 2 \mu \sigma S^2 \space dt dX(t) + \sigma^2 S^2 \space dX(t)^2\]
\[dS^2 = \sigma^2 S^2 \space dX(t)^2 = \sigma^2 S^2 \space dt \tag{1}\]
We could generalize this a bit further Let’s have a function \[dG_t = A(t, X_t) \space dt + B(t, X_t) \space dW_t\]
Then \[\mathbb{E}[dG_t] = \mathbb{E}[A \space dt] + \mathbb{E}[B \space dW_t] = A \space \mathbb{E}[dt] + B \space \mathbb{E}[dW_t]\]
Recall that \(\mathbb{E}[dW_t] = 0\), hence \[\mathbb{E}[dG_t] = A \space \mathbb{E}[dt]\] Considering the variance, we can write \[\mathbb{V}ar[dG_t] = \mathbb{V}ar[A \space dt] + \mathbb{V}ar[B \space dW_t] = A^2 \space \mathbb{V}ar[dt] + B^2 \space \mathbb{V}ar[dW_t] = B^2 \space dt\] Recall that \(\mathbb{V}ar[dt] = 0\), hence \[\mathbb{V}ar[dG_t] = B^2 \space \mathbb{V}ar[dW_t]\]
Going back to our expansion and considering \(dV = V(S+dS) - V(S)\): \[dV = \frac{dV}{dS} \space (\mu S \space dt + \sigma S \space dX(t)) + \frac{1}{2} \frac{d^2V}{dS^2} \space (\sigma^2 S^2 \space dt)\] \[dV = \left( \mu S \frac{dV}{dS} + \frac{1}{2} \sigma^2 S^2 \frac{d^2V}{dS^2} \right) \cdot dt + \left( \sigma S \frac{dV}{dS} \right) \cdot dX(t) \tag{2}\]
Let \(V(S) = log(S)\) with S satisfies the usual SDE: \(dS = \mu S dt + \sigma S dX_t\). We can then use the above SDE form.
\[\frac{dV}{dS} = \frac{1}{S}\] \[\frac{d^2V}{dS^2} = - \frac{1}{S^2}\]
Using above Equation 2: \[dV = \left( \mu S \frac{1}{S} + \frac{1}{2} \sigma^2 S^2 \frac{-1}{S^2} \right) \cdot dt + \left( \sigma S \frac{1}{S} \right) \cdot dX(t)\] \[dV = \left( \mu - \frac{1}{2} \sigma^2 \right) \cdot dt + \sigma \cdot dX(t)\] Using the integral form:
\[\int_0^t d(log \space S) = \int_0^t \mu - \frac{1}{2} \sigma^2 \space d\tau + \int_0^t \sigma \space dX(\tau)\] \[log(S_t) - log(S_0) = \mu t - \frac{1}{2} \sigma^2 t + \sigma (X_t - X_0)\] \[log \left( \frac{S_t}{S_0} \right) = \mu t - \frac{1}{2} \sigma^2 t + \sigma (X_t - X_0)\] \[S_t = S_0 \cdot e^{\mu t - \frac{1}{2} \sigma^2 t + \sigma (X_t - X_0)}\]
Using \(X_0 = 0\) and \(X_t = \phi \sqrt{t}\): \[S_t = S_0 \cdot e^{\mu t - \frac{1}{2} \sigma^2 t + \sigma \phi \sqrt{t}}\]
Another example with interest rate
This model developed in 1978 by Vasicek is about interest rate.
The basic SDE takes this form \[dr = (\eta - \gamma r) dt + \sigma dX\] {#eq-vasicek1}. In this model, \(\eta\), \(\gamma\) and \(\sigma\) are all constant.
- \(\gamma\) is the speed of reversion to the (long term) mean rate. It’s the rate of reversion.
- we demote \(\bar{r}\) the mean interest rate such that \(\bar{r} = \frac{\eta}{\gamma}\)
\[dr = \gamma (\bar{r} - r) \space dt + \sigma \space dX \tag{3}\]
If we let \(u = r - \bar{r}\), then \(du = dr\) because we consider \(\bar{r}\) as a constant. Hence \[du = - \gamma u \space dt + \sigma dX\] \[du + \gamma u dt = \sigma dX\]
\[e^{\gamma t} du + \gamma u e^{\gamma t} dt = e^{\gamma t} \sigma dX\] \[d(u e^{\gamma t}) = \sigma e^{\gamma t} dX\] \[\int_0^t d(u_s e^{\gamma s}) = \sigma \int_0^t e^{\gamma s} dX_s\] \[u(t) e^{\gamma t} - u(0) = \]
\(V(S, t)\) when S is a SDE - Itô IV
This time \(V\) is a function of both time \(t\) and \(S\) which satisfies the usual SDE: \(dS = \mu S dt + \sigma S dX_t\)
We can also do a Taylor Series expansion on this. And recall Equation 1 when dealing with \(dS^2\)
\[V(S + dS, t + dt) \approx V(S, t) + \frac{\partial V}{\partial S} dS + \frac{\partial V}{\partial t} dt + \frac{1}{2} \frac{\partial^2 V}{\partial S^2} dS^2\] \[V(S + dS, t + dt) - V(S, t) \approx \frac{\partial V}{\partial S} dS + \frac{\partial V}{\partial t} dt + \frac{1}{2} \frac{\partial^2 V}{\partial S^2} \sigma^2 S^2 dt\]
\[dV = \left( \frac{\partial V}{\partial t} + \frac{1}{2} \frac{\partial^2 V}{\partial S^2} \sigma^2 S^2 \right) dt + \frac{\partial V}{\partial S} dS\]
\[dV = \left( \frac{\partial V}{\partial t} + \frac{1}{2} \frac{\partial^2 V}{\partial S^2} \sigma^2 S^2 \right) dt + \frac{\partial V}{\partial S} (\mu S dt + \sigma S dX_t)\] \[dV = \left( \frac{\partial V}{\partial t} + \mu S \frac{\partial V}{\partial S} + \frac{1}{2} \frac{\partial^2 V}{\partial S^2} \sigma^2 S^2 \right) dt + \sigma S \frac{\partial V}{\partial S} dX_t \tag{4}\]
$$$$
Itô


{% extends "design-system-page-layout-landing.html" %}
{% set section_id = "home" %}
{% set page_title = "Home" %}
{% block sectionOneTop %}
Use these styles, components and patterns to make all Leeds City Council services consistent with LEEDS.GOV.UKLEEDS.GOV.UK DESIGN SYSTEM
Guides for applying layout, typography, colour and images.
Re-usable, accessible components for forms, navigation, panels and more.
Common tasks like entering names and addresses and filling in forms.
Page templates for Leeds City Council services and third party systems.


Rotation 8:Sewing and Embroidery
For Rotation 8:
1. Embroider a hat. Take a picture of the hat and describe the process mentioning what backing is used for and what types of backing was used on the project.
2. Sew your own pillowcase. Describe the process us used to make the pillowcase. What was the biggest challenge? What did you learn about using a sewing machine and the process? Take a picture of the finished pillowcase and post it to showcase your work.


UbookS Mobile App
Helps students sell and purchase used textbooks
Overview
Ubooks is a mobile app to connect the students at the University of Michigan to sell and buy used textbooks. It helps buyer the text to find cheaper sources and sellers to deal with unused books. To better achieve this goal of finding the best match, I designed three methods: tailor their homepage by syncing with their course schedule, onboarding to guide them how to use this app with best match recommendation, and to create a post.
The Motivation
College students are part of the print book consuming group because of the textbook requirements. They recognize that textbooks are essential to their education but have been pushed to the breaking point by skyrocketing costs. They turn to the library for free copies but only find limited sources have already been checked out. They want to borrow or purchase used books from seniors but don't know who to ask. So they finally decide to buy from Amazon, and they are informed the shipping takes 7 days.
All these problems occurred through the process of acquiring a textbook necessitate a cheaper and faster access to connect the demand side and the supply side.
Design Process
Research
Right after I got the inspiration to solve the textbooks issue, I conducted 3 user testing as the pilot study and then identified the 3 pain points are price(how to lower the price), time(how to save time) and connectivity(how to connect the demand side and supply side).
The User
By interviewing students from different department and year, I distilled their traits and most representative needs into 2 personas:
Seller Persona
Buyer Persona
Competitive Analysis
I did 5 competitive analysis based on secondary research and the sources mentioned by prospective users. After analyzing their pros and cons, I extracted some useful aspects from them which provided some helpful insights and helped me to make design decisions.
Insights
Based on the findings gained from interviews and competitive analysis, I extracted the following 3 insights:
1. Users wish the price is negotiable and they can compare different sources to check the condition or price of used books.
2. Users don't want to waste time on either finding the best match or trading process.
3. Users don't mind meeting up with other students, but they are concerned about their reliability and security issues.
Ideate
Candidate Features
Based on the insights and scope, I listed out the common and individual goals of seller and buyer persona in the design goal matrix(figure 1). And then I generated some possible solutions corresponded to each goal. For those problems I couldn't decide how to implement, I used Questions, Options, and Criteria (QOC) method (figure 2) to make trade-offs, and revised the following features:
Filters and sorts:
filters and sorts can help users narrow down the scope of searching to save time, and find their best match at a desired price or book condition.
Personalized home page:
recommend the best match to the user depending on their roles(seller or buyer) and personal needs.
Simple create-a-new-post process:
a brief form with only useful information for users to enter can save them time.
Meet-up location:
by setting up preferred meet-up location, users can have a quick view of where to meet and how long it takes.
Save searches/posts feature:
by saving searches and posts, users can get the updated posting information and compare different sources later.
Review feature:
this feature can reduce the reliability and safety issues of trading.
figure 1.Design Goals Matrix
figure 2.QOC Analysis
Scenarios
To explore how users would use the platform and basic interfaces, I created 3 scenarios based on possible features generated above. The stories cover three use cases of this mobile app for both seller and buyer personas.
Insights
After testing the lo-fi prototypes with 5 users, I gained the following central insights correlated to the candidate features.
1. As-you-type suggestion: autocomplete feature when searching can be very helpful and convenient.
2. Creat-a-new-post process: instead of typing on the mobile phone, the user is more willing to choose or auto-fill the form by taking a picture.
3. Saved-search feature: they like the idea of saved-search/posts. And they also wish to receive the notification if they need it.
4. Confusing labels and flows: the "sell" and "buy" tabs are confusing and choosing the department and major seems not intuitive too.
5. Sign-in with student ID: users think it's safer to sign-in by using student ID and then they can sync the course to this app to personalize the home page.
Design
Key Features
Based on the feedback I gained from the testing of the lo-fi prototype, I modified my initial design. Here are the 4 key features of my final design.
User Flow
Below shows the user flow. First, user will go through an onboarding wizard, asking some questions. The system will recommend best match for them. Also, the system will personalize the home page based on their courses. If there are no matched results, users can turn to create a new post.
figure 2.User flow of UbookS
High-fidelity prototyping
Walkthrough
In this walkthrough section, I will showcase 3 critical workflows to achieve the final goal of finding and contacting the best match.
Invision Mock-upsWorkflow 1.
Best Match
- Sign up with the student ID
- Then, the user will be guided through the onboarding process to fill in some necessary information.
- The system will automatically generate the best match for the user on the search page.
- To give the user a sense of other features, a short tutorial will show up on the search page too.
Workflow 2.
Personalized Home Page
- Sign in with the student ID
- Then, the user will see the personalized home page based on courses synced from Canvas.
- The user can start searching bytyping in the search bar.
- Or select from the dashboard and then go to the search page.
- On the search page, the user can narrow down the result by setting upfilters and sorts.
Workflow 3.
Create a new post
- If the user didn't find the best match through either home page or onboarding suggestion, he can always create a new post. The system will bring up the information entered previously.
- While browsing, the user can click into book details page and see the user profile bar fixed at the bottom.
- The user can bring up the user profile page and see the reviews.
- If the user confirm this is a good deal, he can contact that user through inbox with an automatically sent out link to the post.
Style Guide
Impact
In the final solution, there are three main methods for users to find their best match: 1) best match suggestions based on the information provided through onboarding; 2) personalized homepage synced with canvas courses; 3) and finally "create a new post."
Onboarding and tutorial and guide users to better make use of the app. Filters and sorts can help users to narrow down their search results. The tabs of "sell and buy" make it easy for users to toggle between different roles. asy for users As-you-type suggestions allow users to view history search and finish the search query more efficiently. And the saved search/posts can keep users updated, etc.
With the help of Ubooks, students at the University of Michigan can sell/buy the textbook in a more efficient method at expected prices with a delightful mood.


TP1 = Andrea = Luka
TP2 = Julia = Katharina
TP3 = Laura = Elisa
TP4 = Thomas = Michael
TP5 = Olaf = Kevin


Package start
Class WindowManager
- java.lang.Object
-
- start.WindowManager
-
public class WindowManager extends java.lang.Object
Manager of fxml file formats to show on the screen.- Author:
- Brandon Heck
-
-
Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description WindowManager()
-
Method Summary
All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description void
closeError()
When the error Window is open close the window to go away.void
displayOperation(java.lang.String alert, int quantity, java.lang.String message)
Alert box to alert the user that an operation has occurred.void
enterDetails(ItemType itemType)
After required information of a product is entered .void
enterPassword()
When a password is required prompt the password field .void
setUserOfPassword(java.lang.String user)
Set the User Of Password for when password is required.
-
-
-
Field Detail
-
type
public static ItemType type
Item Type to be known to the controller.
-
info
public static final javafx.stage.Stage info
Stage re-used for error,warnings, and password required occurrence's .
-
data
public static final javafx.stage.Stage data
Information gathering Stage.
-
-
Method Detail
-
displayOperation
public void displayOperation(java.lang.String alert, int quantity, java.lang.String message) throws java.io.IOException
Alert box to alert the user that an operation has occurred.- Parameters:
alert
- Alert type to alert the user of.quantity
- number specific codes or identifiable alert boxes.message
- Message to relay to the user about the operation that has occurred.- Throws:
java.io.IOException
- if the error fxml is missing or corrupted.
-
enterDetails
public void enterDetails(ItemType itemType) throws java.io.IOException
After required information of a product is entered . prompt to enter further information about the type of object to be provided.- Parameters:
itemType
- Type of Item properties for the user to enter.- Throws:
java.io.IOException
- if the information fxml is missing or corrupted.
-
enterPassword
public void enterPassword() throws java.io.IOException
When a password is required prompt the password field . so that the user may enter the required password.- Throws:
java.io.IOException
- if the password fxml is missing or corrupted.
-
closeError
public void closeError()
When the error Window is open close the window to go away.
-
setUserOfPassword
public void setUserOfPassword(java.lang.String user)
Set the User Of Password for when password is required.- Parameters:
user
- String of username to appear on window.
-
-


KELLY
Log in
Blog 1.1 - Reflections of Shereef's Fireside Chat
Blog 1.2 - Reflections of Time an Habit techniques
Cultural blog-Emotional intelligence
Blog 2.1 - Udacity Reflection
Blog 2.2- Udacity Reflection
Blog 3 - Technical blog
Blog 3 - Meditation


include "main_header.html" include "sidebar.html"
Listado
Descripción opcional
Inicio
Test
include "alert.html" include "callout.html" include "box_table.html" include "box_table_datatables.html"
include "footer.html" include "sidebar_right.html"
include "admin_options.html"


The goal of this post is to show you some tools that allow you to visualize data. And I also want to analyze some basic characteristics of the Collatz sequence.
The Collatz sequences \((c^n_i)\) of a number \(n \in \mathbb{N}_{> 0}\) is defined like this:
So the sequence \((c^n_{i})\) is defined as:
You can define a directed graph \(G=(V, E)\) like this:
\(V = \mathbb{N}_{>0}, \;\;\; E = \{(n, f(n)) | n \in V\}\)
I will call this the Collatz graph.
Collatz conjecture
The Collatz conjecture was not (dis)proved by now. This is astonishing, as it was proposed in 1937 and I think it is very easy to understand.
We also don't know if the Collatz graph is connected. When it is not connected, it could be that one sequence \((c^n_i)\) goes to infinity or that there is another circle (\(4,2,1,4\) is a circle in the Collatz graph).
Small $n$
When you go through all possible Collatz sequences with \(n \in 1, \dots, 15\), this is what you get:
This image was created with the following Python script:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Based on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Collatz-graph-all-30-no27.svg
def f(n):
if n % 2 == 0:
return n / 2
else:
return 3 * n + 1
def writeDotfile(filename, limit, explored):
dotfile = file(filename, "w")
dotfile.write("digraph {\n")
dotfile.write('node[style=filled,color=".7 .3 1.0"];\n')
dotfile.write("1\n")
dotfile.write('node[style=filled,color=".95 .1 1"];\n')
# dotfile.write('size="15,8";\n')
for n in range(2, limit):
while n not in explored:
dotfile.write(str(n) + " -> ")
explored.add(n)
n = f(n)
dotfile.write(str(n) + ";\n")
dotfile.write("}\n")
def createPng(dotfile, base, program):
import os
command = program + " -Tsvg " + dotfile + " -o " + base + ".svg"
print("Execute command: %s" % command)
os.system(command)
command = "inkscape " + base + ".svg" + " -w 512 --export-png=" + base + ".png"
print("Execute command: %s" % command)
os.system(command)
if __name__ == "__main__":
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Graph for small Collatz sequences")
parser.add_argument(
"-f",
"--file",
dest="filename",
default="collatz-graph.gv",
help="write dot-FILE",
metavar="FILE",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-p",
"--program",
dest="program",
help="dot, neato, twopi, circo, fdp, sfdp, osage",
metavar="PROGRAM",
default="dot",
)
parser.add_argument("-n", dest="limit", default=20, type=int, help="limit")
args = parser.parse_args()
writeDotfile(args.filename, args.limit, set([1]))
import os
createPng(args.filename, os.path.splitext(args.filename)[0], args.program)
called like this:
python small-numbers.py -n 15 -p fdp
$n=27$
\(n=27\) is an enourmously long sequence:
It was created with pgfplots:
\documentclass[varwidth=true, border=2pt]{standalone}
\usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry} %layout
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
axis x line=middle,
axis y line=middle,
enlarge y limits=true,
scaled y ticks = false,
width=15cm, height=8cm, % size of the image
grid = major,
grid style={dashed, gray!30},
ylabel=$c^{27}_i$,
xlabel=$i$,
legend style={at={(0.1,-0.1)}, anchor=north}
]
\addplot[sharp plot, mark=x, blue] table [x=steps, y=n, col sep=comma] {../collatz27.csv};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
How long are Collatz sequences?
I've been interested in the question how long Collatz sequences are. Of course, they will be longer when \(n\) is bigger. But how does the choice of \(n\) influence the number of steps it takes until you reach \(c^n_i = 1\)?
I've tested all Collatz sequences with \(n \leq 10,000,000\). This is the result:
For every hexagon, you check how many datapoints \((n,steps)\) you have there. This leads to the count. As you can see, step numbers from 50-120 are very common, the rest is very uncommon. The number of steps increases very slow.
The data was created as a 116.9 MB csv file with this C++ code:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <climits> // get maximum value of unsigned long long
#include <cstdlib> // exit
#define SURPRESS_OUTPUT true
#define SHOW_DICT_CREATION false
using namespace std;
struct element {
/** What is the next collatz number? */
unsigned long long next;
/** How many steps does it take until you reach 1? */
unsigned long long steps;
};
map<unsigned long long, struct element> collatz;
unsigned long long CRITICAL_VALUE = (ULLONG_MAX-1) / 3;
unsigned long long maxAddFromOneEntry = 0;
unsigned long long maxEntry = 0;
unsigned long long maxStepsToOne = 0;
unsigned long long saveULong = 0;
/** n >= 1 */
unsigned long long nextCollatz(unsigned long long n) {
if (n%2 == 0) {
return n/2;
} else {
if (n >= CRITICAL_VALUE) {
cerr << "Critical value is: " << CRITICAL_VALUE << endl;
cerr << "n is: " << n << endl;
cerr << "saveULong is: " << saveULong << endl;
exit(1);
}
return 3*n+1;
}
}
void insertCollatz(unsigned long long i){
if (collatz.find(i) == collatz.end()) {
if (SHOW_DICT_CREATION && !SURPRESS_OUTPUT) {
cout << i << " is not in collatz:" << endl;
}
// i is not in collatz
vector<unsigned long long> steps;
unsigned long long current = i;
unsigned long long next = nextCollatz(current);
while(collatz.find(current) == collatz.end()) {
steps.push_back(current);
current = next;
next = nextCollatz(current);
}
if (steps.size() > maxAddFromOneEntry) {
maxAddFromOneEntry = steps.size();
}
vector<unsigned long long>::reverse_iterator it;
for(it=steps.rbegin(); it != steps.rend(); it++){
struct element el;
el.next = current;
el.steps = collatz[current].steps + 1;
collatz[*it] = el;
if (el.steps > maxStepsToOne) {
maxStepsToOne = el.steps;
}
if (*it > maxEntry) {
maxEntry = *it;
}
current = *it;
if (SHOW_DICT_CREATION && !SURPRESS_OUTPUT) {
cout << "\tinserted " << *it << "->" << el.next << endl;
}
}
return;
} else if (SHOW_DICT_CREATION && !SURPRESS_OUTPUT) {
cout << i << " was already in collatz." << endl;
}
}
void printCollatz() {
for(map<unsigned long long, struct element>::iterator it=collatz.begin();
it!=collatz.end(); ++it) {
unsigned long long next = (*it).first;
while(next != 1) {
cout << next << "->";
next = collatz[next].next;
}
cout << 1 << endl;
}
}
void printSteps(unsigned long long max) {
cout << "n,steps" << endl;
for(unsigned long long i=1;i<=max;i++) {
cout << i << "," << collatz[i].steps << endl;
}
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
struct element e;
e.next = 4;
e.steps = 0;
collatz[1] = e;
unsigned long long maxCollatz = (unsigned long long) atoi(argv[1]);
for (unsigned long long i = 2; i <= maxCollatz; i++) {
insertCollatz(i);
saveULong = i;
if (i % 1000000 == 0) {
cerr << i << endl;
}
}
cerr << "maxAddFromOneEntry: " << maxAddFromOneEntry << endl;
cerr << "maxStepsToOne: " << maxStepsToOne << endl;
cerr << "maxEntry: " << maxEntry << endl;
cerr << "entries: " << collatz.size() << endl;
//printCollatz();
printSteps(maxCollatz);
return 0;
}
Then I've processed it with R:
R -f analyze.R
analyze.R:
library(ggplot2)
memory.limit(4000)
mydata = read.csv("/home/moose/Downloads/algorithms/collatz/steps.csv")
# Prepare data
p<-ggplot(mydata, aes ( x=n,y=steps ))
p<-p + geom_hex(bins=30)
p<-p + opts(panel.background = theme_rect(fill='white', colour='white'))
# This will save the result in a pdf file called Rplots.pdf
p
And finally, I've converted it to png:
inkscape Rplots.pdf -w 512 --export-png=collatz-sequence-steps.png
I've explained this a bit more detailed on StackExchange.
Maximum in sequence
In the following plot you can see \(n \in 1, \dots, 10,000,000\) on the \(x\)-axis and the maximum \(y = \max(\{a^n_i | i \in \mathbb{N}_{> 0}\})\):
library(ggplot2)
mydata = read.csv("../collatz-maxNumber.csv")
# Prepare data
p<-ggplot(mydata, aes(x=n, y=maximum)) + scale_y_log10()
p<-p + geom_hex(bins=50)
p<-p + opts(panel.background = theme_rect(fill='white', colour='white'))
# This will save the result in a pdf file called Rplots.pdf
p
Execution times
Generating all Collatz sequences up to 10,000,000 items took about 50 seconds. But R needed about 10 minutes to generate images from that.
Inkscape didn't like the heavy plot:
moose@pc07$ inkscape Rplots.pdf -w 512 --export-png=maxInSequence.png
(inkscape:26733): GLib-ERROR **: /build/buildd/glib2.0-2.34.1/./glib/gmem.c:165: failed to allocate 3440640 bytes
^CTrace/breakpoint trap (core dumped)
Maximum in sequence and steps
Read more
- All sources of this article are on GitHub
- Dot guide, Node shapes
- R on UbuntuUsers (German)
- Project Euler 14


The current trade row about EU import quotas on cheap Chinese clothing is something I know little about, and understand even less. It has, however, led to frequent media use of such ringing phrases as “the Chinese trouser mountain”. During Mao's Cultural Revolution, one of the more preposterous operas of the time was Taking Tiger Mountain By Strategy, later used by Brian Eno as the title of one of his early records. (Brian, being Brian, enclosed the last two words in parentheses, a deft but inexplicable alteration.) Is it time for a revival of the opera, retitled Taking Trouser Mountain By Strategy? I hope so.


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Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since.
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TLDR
Provide UX/UI consultation for the CES One Identity project
Provide user research, diagrams, mockups, user flows
Provide various other multimedia and graphic design needs for the project
Currently developing user flows and mockups for a single user login and account creation experience
The Project
BYU Provo is part of several institutes that form the Church Education System (CES). Under the parent umbrella of CES, a team has been put together at BYU Provo to solve problems with user identity across all CES institutes. Our team works with other “working groups” that represent each institute under CES.
My services were offered as a UX/UI consultant and team member for the CES One Identity project.
The project is still in the beginning stages of research and development. I have been tasked with providing UX consultatiion, design consultation, user research, surveys, diagrams, mockups, user flows, and various other multimedia design needs to help further the project goals and plans.
Currently the project is focusing on providing users with a single user login experience that would be united across all CES institutes. I am working on developing user flows and mockups concepts for the various ways this user experience could be accomplished and tested.
Some details of this project are confidential at this time. I am able to share some of my current work. The link below will send you to a lucidchart document. Please be sure to view each tab at the bottom of the chart to see different examples of the user flows and diagrams I've created for the project so far.


Mpd 5.9 User Manual
: Introduction
: Overview
Previous: Introduction
Next: Organization of this manual
1.1. Overview
Mpd is a netgraph(4) based implementation of the multi-link
PPP protocol for FreeBSD. It is designed to be both fast
and flexible as it handles configuration and negotiation in
user land, while routing all data packets strictly in the
kernel.
Mpd has unified support for many link types:
- modem to connect using different asynchronous
serial connections, including modems, ISDN terminal adapters,
and null-modem.
Mpd includes event-driven scripting language for modem
identification, setup, manual server login, etc.
- pptp to connect over the Internet using
the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP).
This protocol is supported by the most OSes and hardware vendors.
- l2tp to connect over the Internet using
the Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP).
L2TP is a PPTP successor supported with modern clients and servers.
- pppoe to connect over an Ethernet port
using the PPP-over-Ethernet (PPPoE) protocol.
This protocol is often used by DSL providers.
- tcp to tunnel PPP session over a TCP connection.
Frames are encoded in the same was as asychronous serial connections.
- udp to tunnel PPP session over a UDP connection.
Each frame is encapsulated in a UDP datagram packet.
- ng to connect using different devices supported by netgraph.
Netgraph is highly modular kernel networking system,
supporting synchronous serial connections, Cisco HDLC, Frame Relay, and other protocols.
It supports numerous PPP sub-protocols and extensions, such as:
- Multi-link PPP
- PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and EAP authentication
- traffic compression (MPPC, Deflate, Predictor-1)
- traffic encryption (MPPE, DESE, DESE-bis)
- IPCP and IPV6CP parameter negotiation
Depending on configured rules and connection parameters mpd can operate
as usual PPP client/server or forward connection unmodified
to other host using any supported link type providing LAC/PAC/TSA
functionality for building distributed access networks.
Mpd also includes many additional features:
- IPv4 and IPv6 support
- Telnet and HTTP control interfaces.
- Different authentication and accounting methods (RADIUS, PAM, script, file, ...)
- NetFlow traffic accounting
- Network address translation (NAT)
- Dial-on-demand with idle timeout
- Dynamic demand based link management (also known as ``rubber bandwidth'')
- Powerful chat scripting language for asynchronous serial ports
- Pre-tested chat scripts for several common modems and ISDN TAs
- Clean device-type independent design
- Comprehensive logging
Mpd was originally developed at Whistle Communications, Inc.
for use in the Whistle InterJet.
It is based on the original iij-ppp
user-mode PPP code,
though it has been completely rewritten since then.
Mpd is now hosted on sourceforge.net
MPD Project Page.
Mpd 5.9 User Manual
: Introduction
: Overview
Previous: Introduction
Next: Organization of this manual


--- layout: post title: Twirl Factor date: 2012-02-28 03:02:39.000000000 -05:00 categories: - Craft - Sewing tags: - Birthday dress - Girls dress - Kati Cupcakes - pretty girls dresses - simple dress pattern - twirly dresses status: publish type: post published: true meta: aktt_notify_twitter: 'no' _edit_last: '1' dsq_thread_id: '1188599621' author: login: cint email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Jacinta first_name: Jacinta last_name: '' ---
One of Tenneille's birthday gifts was a dress I made for her. Now I must say this dress has a twirl factor of 10! It's a fairly simple pattern and apart from some shirring issues, it made up very quickly. The pattern is called Molly Mae and is by Amy Hamberlin of Kati Cupcakes pattern co. This is the second pattern I have used by her. The first was Scarlett's quilt. The sizing goes from 12 months through to 10 years. So I can foresee making quite a few of these. The pattern was originally purchased from The Fat Quarter online shop, but I don't think they stock it now, however, it is available here. The fabric comes from my stash. I originally purchased it from Spotlight some years ago. Now to make one for Scarlett. I can just imagine all the twirling fun they are going to have together. Makes me want one too.
I'm sure there will be many more photos of this dress to come, as Tenneille declared it 'best ever dress'. Jacinta x


9401 Indian Creek Parkway, Overland Park, KS 66210
BUILDING DIRECTORY
{{tenant.name }}
{{tenant.floor}}
Search:
alphabetically
|
by floor
For Leasing Contact:
913.451.4466
Security:
913.451.8240
Lost and Found:
913.451.8240
No Soliciting


John J Czaplewski -
Rashauna Mead -
Richard Donohue -
http://cartography.oregonstate.edu/ScaleAdaptiveWebMapProjections.html
Slides - johnjcz.com/presentations/foss4g2014
Code/examples (CC0 1.0) - github.com/jczaplew/foss4g2014