5etools is a suite of HTML-and-JavaScript tools for players and DMs of D&D 5e. You can find and download the project on GitHub. Simply download the project as a zip, extract it all to a folder, open the .html files in a browser, and it's ready to go! You can also host your own mirror, or contribute to the project via GitHub. With all the Unearthed Arcana material released, data entry is appreciated!
Classes
Classes.html allows you to quickly browse each of the official classes in 5e. You can also filter for the class' specific subclasses for easier reference, sharing produced URL for quick-access.
Backgrounds
Backgrounds.html lists the official backgrounds in D&D 5e, including those from supplement material.
Feats
Feats.html provides a quick-use list of the feats in D&D 5e, including those from Unearthed Arcana and supplements.
Races
Races.html lists each of the races in D&D 5e, including subraces and variants.
CR Calculator
CRcalculator.html provides a verbose, in-depth Challenge Rating calculator, for determining the CR of custom monsters made for D&D 5e.
Loot Generator
Lootgen.html is a random loot generator for both individual and hoard treasure based on CR for D&D 5e.
Bestiary
Bestiary.html provides a searchable, filterable list of the more than 830 stat blocks in D&D 5e. You can display them and each attack and damage roll can be done in-line with just a click.
Conditions/Cults
Conditions.html lists all the feats in D&D 5e. Cults.html lists all cults in the UA: Fiendish Options.
Items
Items.html lists the mundane and magical items currently in D&D 5e, allowing quick access to their properties.
Other Rewards
Rewards.html lists the blessings, boons, and charms currently in D&D 5e, allowing quick access to their properties.
Spells/Psionics
Spells.html lists all of the official spells in D&D 5e. Psionics.html lists all psionics in the UA: The Mystic Class. Both lists can be easily searched and filtered and the entries can be shared through the generated URL.
Variant Rules
Variantrules.html lists the variant and optional rules in D&D 5e.
Use Roll20?
Get Greasemonkey (Firefox) or Tampermonkey (Chrome). Install the script using this link! This userscript allows you to import much of 5etools' data without paying a dime. If you are using the Shaped sheet, be sure to open up the NPC sheets and let them convert before using it. NOTE: It only imports when you're a DM.
Use Discord?
Now you can join our server using this link!
FAQ / Help
Browser Support. We aim to fully support all commonly used browsers, i.e. Chrome and Firefox. We have no plans to support any Microsoft browsers. Other browsers, e.g. Safari and Opera, might work OK but you may wish to upgrade to a better browser in order to have a better experience when using the internet.
Device Support. We aim to support Windows and Android; mainly because they're the devices we usually have access to. Due to the amount of information displayed we typically aim for the best look-and-feel when using a monitor rather than a smartphone screen. Similar to our browser support, you may wish to upgrade to a better supported device in order to have a more secure / better experience when using the internet.
Filtering. On most of the pages we have filters. By default we include and/or exclude certain things. The filter will include anything that's blue and exclude anything that's red. For example, if you want to see all spells from Xanathar's Guide to Everything that a Warlock can use but can't be used by a Wizard then you need to have "Xanathar's Guide to Everything" and "Warlock" in blue and "Wizard" in red - when you're in the Filter drop-down clicking an icon cycles the color from white (it doesn't matter either way) to blue (include these things) to red (exclude these things). If you get lost then simply click the Reset button and the filtering will go back to the default for that page.
Everything keeps changing. Yes - it does; that's because we want to keep improving this site. We rarely delete data, but it may appear to be "missing"; that's often due to the filter settings. If you find entries are wrong then please let us know, e.g. using Discord or raise an issue in GitHub; we're typically very responsive. Similarly, if you have any good suggestions for improvements then we're up for that too! No change is too small to tell us about, e.g. spelling mistakes and links not working, but the bigger changes might take some time to get to the top of our priority list.
Links. Much of the content includes hyperlinks to other parts of our site. Similarly, other things may look like links but they're often die-rollers, e.g. click on a 1d4+2 and we'll do the dice rolling for you and the results appear at the bottom of the screen. If in doubt, give it a click and see what it does!
Day/Night Mode. Night Mode, with a dark background and lighter text, is a relatively recent new feature and we're still putting the finishing touches to its look-and-feel.
Sorting. If you click on the column name in a table then the data in that column is sorted; clicking on it again will reverse the sort direction. Where possible, we've tried to be logical about the sorting, e.g. Self then touch then various distances then Unlimited and Special at the far end; some of the sorting is still work-in-progress - if you have any good ideas on how to improve it please let us know, e.g. sorting by Ability in Feats.
Hover. Some of the things on the page will pop-up a tooltip if you hover the mouse over them, e.g. our source abbreviations will pop-up with the full name of the source. Actions and skill checks also have tooltips on some pages.


{% extends 'commercialoperator/emails/base_email.html' %} {% block content %} {% if reminder %}
This is a reminder for a referral for Application {{proposal.lodgement_number}} that has been sent to you:
{% else %}A referral for commercial filming licence application {{ proposal.lodgement_number }} has been sent to you.
Please assess the application and complete the referral checklist for your district/region/unit and add applicable conditions to the requirements section that are not already covered in the Commercial Filming and Photography Handbook.
You will need to click ‘Complete Referral Task’ to submit your referral assessment.
Please ensure your referral is completed at least three days prior to the licence proposed start date of {{ proposed_start_date }}.
Comments: {{comments}}
{% endif %}You can access this referral using the following link:
Access Referral {% endblock %}


Message from Sender:
{{message}}
Enter text in input box on Sender then click Page1 button to see text on Receiver


Real Madrid watching another Chelsea star months after Hazard signing
Real Madrid are preparing another raid on Chelsea after signing Eden Hazard this summer, according to reports in Spain.
A long-running transfer saga finally came to an end when Madrid signed Hazard for a potential club record fee in June, but he has only managed one goal from seven La Liga appearances so far.
According to El Desmarque, Madrid are considering adding more firepower to their attack with a bid for another Chelsea winger, Callum Hudson-Odoi.
The English teenager has been one of the players tasked with stepping into Hazard’s shoes this season, so far delivering four assists and one goal from 11 appearances in all competitions.
Madrid manager Zinedine Zidane and owner Florentino Perez are reportedly keeping an eye on Hudson-Odoi’s progress this season, as part of a four-man shortlist to revolutionise their attack next year.
RB Salzburg starlet Erling Braut Haaland is named as the main target, while they are also said to be tracking Villarreal winger Samu Chukwueze and struggling Everton signing Moise Kean.
Hudson-Odoi only signed a contract extension at Stamford Bridge in September, quadrupling his salary as a result, after the Blues managed to fend off long-term interest from Bayern Munich.


---
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title: Page 197
number: 197
---
{% raw %}EARLY ASPIRATIOXS CHECKED. 193{% endraw %}
{% raw %}and the spell had to be broken by some doctor who{% endraw %}
{% raw %}understood how to take advantage of this peculiar{% endraw %}
{% raw %}feature of the negro's mind. Education soon clears{% endraw %}
{% raw %}away all this belief in witchcraft.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}In many districts the blacks far outnumbered the{% endraw %}
{% raw %}whites. Sometimes one planter had 400 negroes on{% endraw %}
{% raw %}an extensive plantation. The year before Nat Tur¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}ner's insurrection, for which he lost his life, there{% endraw %}
{% raw %}was an extensive organisation among the blacks who{% endraw %}
{% raw %}represented a district of fifty miles in extent, in the{% endraw %}
{% raw %}neighbourhood where I lived. The plans were well-{% endraw %}
{% raw %}laid, every detail had been well-considered, even the{% endraw %}
{% raw %}time when the blow was to be struck had been{% endraw %}
{% raw %}appointed.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}It was to be at eleven o'clock at night, when the{% endraw %}
{% raw %}moon was full at that time. Certain slaves were to{% endraw %}
{% raw %}fire the barns and stables in all the different planta¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}tions comprised within the area, at the same hour.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}Then others were to be stationed at the houses, and{% endraw %}
{% raw %}as the masters rushed out to ascertain what the{% endraw %}
{% raw %}matter was, the slaves were to kill them and then{% endraw %}
{% raw %}kill the entire families, and burn up their houses.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}"Not one white shall be left to tell the tale!'' ex¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}claimed an excited slave. I could not agree with the{% endraw %}
{% raw %}leaders, and vet I felt that the evils of slavery could{% endraw %}
{% raw %}not be exaggerated, and that we had a right to our{% endraw %}
{% raw %}freedom. Little by little the light came to my{% endraw %}
{% raw %}soul, till I was convinced that it was not a feasible{% endraw %}
{% raw %}or Christian plan of procedure ; so I began to raise{% endraw %}
{% raw %}doubts and queries, to discuss the subject, and finally,{% endraw %}
{% raw %}I had the moral courage to speak my mind plainly.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}I said, " Suppose we should kill one thousand of the{% endraw %}


DBEnv¶
Read Oracle documentation for better understanding.
DBEnv Methods¶
-
DBEnv
(flags=0) Constructor. More info…
-
set_rpc_server
(host, cl_timeout=0, sv_timeout=0)¶ Establishes a connection for this dbenv to a RPC server. This function is not available if linked to Berkeley DB 4.8 or up. More info…
-
close
(flags=0)¶ Close the database environment, freeing resources. More info…
-
open
(homedir, flags=0, mode=0660)¶ Prepare the database environment for use. More info…
-
log_cursor
()¶ Returns a created log cursor. More info…
-
memp_stat
(flags=0)¶ Returns the memory pool (that is, the buffer cache) subsystem statistics.
The returning value is a tuple. The first element is a dictionary with the general stats. The second element is another dictionary, keyed by filename, and the values are the stats for each file.
The first dictionary contains these data:
gbytes
Gigabytes of cache (total cache size is st_gbytes + st_bytes).
bytes
Bytes of cache (total cache size is st_gbytes + st_bytes).
ncache
Number of caches.
max_ncache
Maximum number of caches, as configured with the DB_ENV->set_cache_max() method.
regsize
Individual cache size, in bytes.
mmapsize
Maximum memory-mapped file size.
maxopenfd
Maximum open file descriptors.
maxwrite
Maximum sequential buffer writes.
maxwrite_sleep
Microseconds to pause after writing maximum sequential buffers.
map
Requested pages mapped into the process’ address space (there is no available information about whether or not this request caused disk I/O, although examining the application page fault rate may be helpful).
cache_hit
Requested pages found in the cache.
cache_miss
Requested pages not found in the cache.
page_create
Pages created in the cache.
page_in
Pages read into the cache.
page_out
Pages written from the cache to the backing file.
ro_evict
Clean pages forced from the cache.
rw_evict
Dirty pages forced from the cache.
page_trickle
Dirty pages written using the DB_ENV->memp_trickle() method.
pages
Pages in the cache.
page_clean
Clean pages currently in the cache.
page_dirty
Dirty pages currently in the cache.
hash_buckets
Number of hash buckets in buffer hash table.
hash_searches
Total number of buffer hash table lookups.
hash_longest
Longest chain ever encountered in buffer hash table lookups.
hash_examined
Total number of hash elements traversed during hash table lookups.
hash_nowait
Number of times that a thread of control was able to obtain a hash bucket lock without waiting.
hash_wait
Number of times that a thread of control was forced to wait before obtaining a hash bucket lock.
hash_max_nowait
The number of times a thread of control was able to obtain the hash bucket lock without waiting on the bucket which had the maximum number of times that a thread of control needed to wait.
hash_max_wait
Maximum number of times any hash bucket lock was waited for by a thread of control.
region_wait
Number of times that a thread of control was forced to wait before obtaining a cache region mutex.
region_nowait
Number of times that a thread of control was able to obtain a cache region mutex without waiting.
mvcc_frozen
Number of buffers frozen.
mvcc_thawed
Number of buffers thawed.
mvcc_freed
Number of frozen buffers freed.
alloc
Number of page allocations.
alloc_buckets
Number of hash buckets checked during allocation.
alloc_max_buckets
Maximum number of hash buckets checked during an allocation.
alloc_pages
Number of pages checked during allocation.
alloc_max_pages
Maximum number of pages checked during an allocation.
io_wait
Number of operations blocked waiting for I/O to complete.
sync_interrupted
Number of mpool sync operations interrupted.
The second dictionary contains these data:
pagesize
Page size in bytes.
cache_hit
Requested pages found in the cache.
cache_miss
Requested pages not found in the cache.
map
Requested pages mapped into the process’ address space.
page_create
Pages created in the cache.
page_in
Pages read into the cache.
page_out
Pages written from the cache to the backing file.
-
memp_stat_print
(flags=0)¶ Displays cache subsystem statistical information. More info…
-
memp_sync
(lsn=None)¶ Flushes modified pages in the cache to their backing files. If provided, lsn is a tuple: (file, offset). More info…
-
memp_trickle
(percent)¶ Ensures that a specified percent of the pages in the cache are clean, by writing dirty pages to their backing files. More info…
-
remove
(homedir, flags=0)¶ Remove a database environment. More info…
-
dbremove
(file, database=None, txn=None, flags=0)¶ Removes the database specified by the file and database parameters. If no database is specified, the underlying file represented by file is removed, incidentally removing all of the databases it contained. More info…
-
dbrename
(file, database=None, newname, txn=None, flags=0)¶ Renames the database specified by the file and database parameters to newname. If no database is specified, the underlying file represented by file is renamed, incidentally renaming all of the databases it contained. More info…
-
fileid_reset
(file, flags=0)¶ All databases contain an ID string used to identify the database in the database environment cache. If a physical database file is copied, and used in the same environment as another file with the same ID strings, corruption can occur. The DB_ENV->fileid_reset method creates new ID strings for all of the databases in the physical file. More info…
-
get_thread_count
()¶ Returns the thread count as set by the DB_ENV->set_thread_count() method. More info…
-
set_thread_count
(count)¶ Declare an approximate number of threads in the database environment. The DB_ENV->set_thread_count() method must be called prior to opening the database environment if the DB_ENV->failchk() method will be used. The DB_ENV->set_thread_count() method does not set the maximum number of threads but is used to determine memory sizing and the thread control block reclamation policy. More info…
-
set_encrypt
(passwd, flags=0)¶ Set the password used by the Berkeley DB library to perform encryption and decryption. More info…
-
get_encrypt_flags
()¶ Returns the encryption flags. More info…
-
get_intermediate_dir_mode
()¶ Returns the intermediate directory permissions.
Intermediate directories are directories needed for recovery. Normally, Berkeley DB does not create these directories and will do so only if the DB_ENV->set_intermediate_dir_mode() method is called.
-
set_intermediate_dir_mode
(mode)¶ By default, Berkeley DB does not create intermediate directories needed for recovery, that is, if the file /a/b/c/mydatabase is being recovered, and the directory path b/c does not exist, recovery will fail. This default behavior is because Berkeley DB does not know what permissions are appropriate for intermediate directory creation, and creating the directory might result in a security problem.
The DB_ENV->set_intermediate_dir_mode() method causes Berkeley DB to create any intermediate directories needed during recovery, using the specified permissions.
-
get_timeout
(flags)¶ Returns a timeout value, in microseconds. More info…
-
set_timeout
(timeout, flags)¶ Sets timeout values for locks or transactions in the database environment. More info…
-
get_mp_max_openfd
()¶ Returns the maximum number of file descriptors the library will open concurrently when flushing dirty pages from the cache. More info…
-
set_mp_max_openfd
(max_open_fd)¶ Limits the number of file descriptors the library will open concurrently when flushing dirty pages from the cache. More info…
-
get_mp_max_write
()¶ Returns a tuple with the current maximum number of sequential write operations and microseconds to pause that the library can schedule when flushing dirty pages from the cache. More info…
-
set_mp_max_write
(maxwrite, maxwrite_sleep)¶ Limits the number of sequential write operations scheduled by the library when flushing dirty pages from the cache. More info…
-
set_shm_key
(key)¶ Specify a base segment ID for Berkeley DB environment shared memory regions created in system memory on VxWorks or systems supporting X/Open-style shared memory interfaces; for example, UNIX systems supporting shmget(2) and related System V IPC interfaces. More info…
-
get_shm_key
()¶ Returns the base segment ID. More info…
-
set_cache_max
(gbytes, bytes)¶ Sets the maximum cache size, in bytes. The specified size is rounded to the nearest multiple of the cache region size, which is the initial cache size divided by the number of regions specified to the DB_ENV->set_cachesize() method. If no value is specified, it defaults to the initial cache size. More info…
-
get_cache_max
()¶ Returns the maximum size of the cache as set using the DB_ENV->set_cache_max() method. More info…
-
set_cachesize
(gbytes, bytes, ncache=0)¶ Set the size of the shared memory buffer pool. More info…
-
get_cachesize
()¶ Returns a tuple with the current size and composition of the cache. More info…
-
set_data_dir
(dir)¶ Set the environment data directory. You can call this function multiple times, adding new directories. More info…
-
get_data_dirs
()¶ Return a tuple with the directories. More info…
-
get_flags
()¶ Returns the configuration flags set for a DB_ENV handle. More info…
-
set_flags
(flags, onoff)¶ Set additional flags for the DBEnv. The onoff parameter specifes if the flag is set or cleared. More info…
-
set_tmp_dir
(dir)¶ Set the directory to be used for temporary files. More info…
-
get_tmp_dir
()¶ Returns the database environment temporary file directory. More info…
-
set_get_returns_none
(flag)¶ By default when DB.get or DBCursor.get, get_both, first, last, next or prev encounter a DB_NOTFOUND error they return None instead of raising DBNotFoundError. This behaviour emulates Python dictionaries and is convenient for looping.
You can use this method to toggle that behaviour for all of the aformentioned methods or extend it to also apply to the DBCursor.set, set_both, set_range, and set_recno methods. Supported values of flag:
0 all DB and DBCursor get and set methods will raise a DBNotFoundError rather than returning None.
1 Default in module version <4.2.4 The DB.get and DBCursor.get, get_both, first, last, next and prev methods return None.
2 Default in module version >=4.2.4 Extends the behaviour of 1 to the DBCursor set, set_both, set_range and set_recno methods.
The default of returning None makes it easy to do things like this without having to catch DBNotFoundError (KeyError):
data = mydb.get(key) if data: doSomething(data)
or this:
rec = cursor.first() while rec: print rec rec = cursor.next()
Making the cursor set methods return None is useful in order to do this:
rec = mydb.set() while rec: key, val = rec doSomething(key, val) rec = mydb.next()
The downside to this it that it is inconsistent with the rest of the package and noticeably diverges from the Oracle Berkeley DB API. If you prefer to have the get and set methods raise an exception when a key is not found, use this method to tell them to do so.
Calling this method on a DBEnv object will set the default for all DB’s later created within that environment. Calling it on a DB object sets the behaviour for that DB only.
The previous setting is returned.
-
set_private
(object)¶ Link an object to the DBEnv object. This allows to pass around an arbitrary object. For instance, for callback context.
-
get_private
()¶ Give the object linked to the DBEnv.
-
get_open_flags
()¶ Returns the current open method flags. That is, this method returns the flags that were specified when DB_ENV->open() was called. More info…
-
get_lg_filemode
()¶ Returns the log file mode. More info…
-
set_lg_filemode
(filemode)¶ Set the absolute file mode for created log files. More info…
-
get_lg_bsize
()¶ Returns the size of the log buffer, in bytes. More info…
-
set_lg_bsize
(size)¶ Set the size of the in-memory log buffer, in bytes. More info…
-
get_lg_dir
()¶ Returns the log directory, which is the location for logging files. More info…
-
set_lg_dir
(dir)¶ The path of a directory to be used as the location of logging files. Log files created by the Log Manager subsystem will be created in this directory. More info…
-
set_lg_max
(size)¶ Set the maximum size of a single file in the log, in bytes. More info…
-
get_lg_max
(size)¶ Returns the maximum log file size. More info…
-
get_lg_regionmax
()¶ Returns the size of the underlying logging subsystem region. More info…
-
set_lg_regionmax
(size)¶ Set the maximum size of a single region in the log, in bytes. More info…
-
get_lk_partitions
()¶ Returns the number of lock table partitions used in the Berkeley DB environment. More info…
-
set_lk_partitions
(partitions)¶ Set the number of lock table partitions in the Berkeley DB environment. More info…
-
get_lk_detect
()¶ Returns the deadlock detector configuration. More info…
-
set_lk_detect
(mode)¶ Set the automatic deadlock detection mode. More info…
-
set_lk_max
(max)¶ Set the maximum number of locks. (This method is deprecated.) More info…
-
get_lk_max_locks
()¶ Returns the maximum number of potential locks. More info…
-
set_lk_max_locks
(max)¶ Set the maximum number of locks supported by the Berkeley DB lock subsystem. More info…
-
get_lk_max_lockers
()¶ Returns the maximum number of potential lockers. More info…
-
set_lk_max_lockers
(max)¶ Set the maximum number of simultaneous locking entities supported by the Berkeley DB lock subsystem. More info…
-
get_lk_max_objects
()¶ Returns the maximum number of locked objects. More info…
-
set_lk_max_objects
(max)¶ Set the maximum number of simultaneously locked objects supported by the Berkeley DB lock subsystem. More info…
-
get_mp_mmapsize
()¶ Returns the the maximum file size, in bytes, for a file to be mapped into the process address space. More info…
-
set_mp_mmapsize
(size)¶ Files that are opened read-only in the memory pool (and that satisfy a few other criteria) are, by default, mapped into the process address space instead of being copied into the local cache. This can result in better-than-usual performance, as available virtual memory is normally much larger than the local cache, and page faults are faster than page copying on many systems. However, in the presence of limited virtual memory it can cause resource starvation, and in the presence of large databases, it can result in immense process sizes.
This method sets the maximum file size, in bytes, for a file to be mapped into the process address space. If no value is specified, it defaults to 10MB. More info…
-
stat_print
(flags=0)¶ Displays the default subsystem statistical information. More info…
-
log_file
(lsn)¶ Maps lsn to filenames, returning the name of the file containing the named record. More info…
-
log_printf
(string, txn=None)¶ Appends an informational message to the Berkeley DB database environment log files. More info…
-
log_archive
(flags=0)¶ Returns a list of log or database file names. By default, log_archive returns the names of all of the log files that are no longer in use (e.g., no longer involved in active transactions), and that may safely be archived for catastrophic recovery and then removed from the system. More info…
-
log_flush
()¶ Force log records to disk. Useful if the environment, database or transactions are used as ACI, instead of ACID. For example, if the environment is opened as DB_TXN_NOSYNC. More info…
-
log_get_config
(which)¶ Returns whether the specified which parameter is currently set or not. You can manage this value using the DB_ENV->log_set_config() method. More info…
-
log_set_config
(flags, onoff)¶ Configures the Berkeley DB logging subsystem. More info…
-
lock_detect
(atype, flags=0)¶ Run one iteration of the deadlock detector, returns the number of transactions aborted. More info…
-
lock_get
(locker, obj, lock_mode, flags=0)¶ Acquires a lock and returns a handle to it as a DBLock object. The locker parameter is an integer representing the entity doing the locking, and obj is an object representing the item to be locked. More info…
-
lock_id
()¶ Acquires a locker id, guaranteed to be unique across all threads and processes that have the DBEnv open. More info…
-
lock_id_free
(id)¶ Frees a locker ID allocated by the “dbenv.lock_id()” method. More info…
-
lock_put
(lock)¶ Release the lock. More info…
-
lock_stat
(flags=0)¶ Returns a dictionary of locking subsystem statistics with the following keys:
id
Last allocated lock ID.
cur_maxid
The current maximum unused locker ID.
nmodes
Number of lock modes.
maxlocks
Maximum number of locks possible.
maxlockers
Maximum number of lockers possible.
maxobjects
Maximum number of objects possible.
nlocks
Number of current locks.
maxnlocks
Maximum number of locks at once.
nlockers
Number of current lockers.
nobjects
Number of current lock objects.
maxnobjects
Maximum number of lock objects at once.
maxnlockers
Maximum number of lockers at once.
nrequests
Total number of locks requested.
nreleases
Total number of locks released.
nupgrade
Total number of locks upgraded.
ndowngrade
Total number of locks downgraded.
lock_wait
The number of lock requests not immediately available due to conflicts, for which the thread of control waited.
lock_nowait
The number of lock requests not immediately available due to conflicts, for which the thread of control did not wait.
ndeadlocks
Number of deadlocks.
locktimeout
Lock timeout value.
nlocktimeouts
The number of lock requests that have timed out.
txntimeout
Transaction timeout value.
ntxntimeouts
The number of transactions that have timed out. This value is also a component of ndeadlocks, the total number of deadlocks detected.
objs_wait
The number of requests to allocate or deallocate an object for which the thread of control waited.
objs_nowait
The number of requests to allocate or deallocate an object for which the thread of control did not wait.
lockers_wait
The number of requests to allocate or deallocate a locker for which the thread of control waited.
lockers_nowait
The number of requests to allocate or deallocate a locker for which the thread of control did not wait.
locks_wait
The number of requests to allocate or deallocate a lock structure for which the thread of control waited.
locks_nowait
The number of requests to allocate or deallocate a lock structure for which the thread of control did not wait.
hash_len
Maximum length of a lock hash bucket.
regsize
Size of the region.
region_wait
Number of times a thread of control was forced to wait before obtaining the region lock.
region_nowait
Number of times a thread of control was able to obtain the region lock without waiting.
-
lock_stat_print
(flags=0)¶ Displays the locking subsystem statistical information. More info…
-
get_tx_max
()¶ Returns the number of active transactions. More info…
-
set_tx_max
(max)¶ Set the maximum number of active transactions. More info…
-
get_tx_timestamp
()¶ Returns the recovery timestamp. More info…
-
set_tx_timestamp
(timestamp)¶ Recover to the time specified by timestamp rather than to the most current possible date. More info…
-
txn_begin
(parent=None, flags=0)¶ Creates and begins a new transaction. A DBTxn object is returned. More info…
-
txn_checkpoint
(kbyte=0, min=0, flag=0)¶ Flushes the underlying memory pool, writes a checkpoint record to the log and then flushes the log. More info…
-
txn_stat
(flags=0)¶ Return a dictionary of transaction statistics with the following keys:
last_ckp
The LSN of the last checkpoint.
time_ckp
Time the last completed checkpoint finished (as the number of seconds since the Epoch, returned by the IEEE/ANSI Std 1003.1 POSIX time interface).
last_txnid
Last transaction ID allocated.
maxtxns
Max number of active transactions possible.
nactive
Number of transactions currently active.
maxnactive
Max number of active transactions at once.
nsnapshot
The number of transactions on the snapshot list. These are transactions which modified a database opened with DB_MULTIVERSION, and which have committed or aborted, but the copies of pages they created are still in the cache.
maxnsnapshot
The maximum number of transactions on the snapshot list at any one time.
nbegins
Number of transactions that have begun.
naborts
Number of transactions that have aborted.
ncommits
Number of transactions that have committed.
nrestores
Number of transactions that have been restored.
regsize
Size of the region.
region_wait
Number of times that a thread of control was forced to wait before obtaining the region lock.
region_nowait
Number of times that a thread of control was able to obtain the region lock without waiting.
-
txn_stat_print
(flags=0)¶ Displays the transaction subsystem statistical information. More info…
-
lsn_reset
(file=None, flags=0)¶ This method allows database files to be moved from one transactional database environment to another. More info…
-
log_stat
(flags=0)¶ Returns a dictionary of logging subsystem statistics with the following keys:
magic
The magic number that identifies a file as a log file.
version
The version of the log file type.
mode
The mode of any created log files.
lg_bsize
The in-memory log record cache size.
lg_size
The log file size.
record
The number of records written to this log.
w_mbytes
The number of megabytes written to this log.
w_bytes
The number of bytes over and above w_mbytes written to this log.
wc_mbytes
The number of megabytes written to this log since the last checkpoint.
wc_bytes
The number of bytes over and above wc_mbytes written to this log since the last checkpoint.
wcount
The number of times the log has been written to disk.
wcount_fill
The number of times the log has been written to disk because the in-memory log record cache filled up.
rcount
The number of times the log has been read from disk.
scount
The number of times the log has been flushed to disk.
cur_file
The current log file number.
cur_offset
The byte offset in the current log file.
disk_file
The log file number of the last record known to be on disk.
disk_offset
The byte offset of the last record known to be on disk.
maxcommitperflush
The maximum number of commits contained in a single log flush.
mincommitperflush
The minimum number of commits contained in a single log flush that contained a commit.
regsize
The size of the log region, in bytes.
region_wait
The number of times that a thread of control was forced to wait before obtaining the log region mutex.
region_nowait
The number of times that a thread of control was able to obtain the log region mutex without waiting.
-
log_stat_print
(flags=0)¶ Displays the logging subsystem statistical information. More info…
-
txn_recover
()¶ Returns a list of tuples (GID, TXN) of transactions prepared but still unresolved. This is used while doing environment recovery in an application using distributed transactions.
This method must be called only from a single thread at a time. It should be called after DBEnv recovery. More info…
-
set_verbose
(which, onoff)¶ Turns specific additional informational and debugging messages in the Berkeley DB message output on and off. To see the additional messages, verbose messages must also be configured for the application. More info…
-
get_verbose
(which)¶ Returns whether the specified which parameter is currently set or not. More info…
-
set_event_notify
(eventFunc)¶ Configures a callback function which is called to notify the process of specific Berkeley DB events. More info…
-
mutex_stat
(flags=0)¶ Returns a dictionary of mutex subsystem statistics with the following keys:
mutex_align
The mutex alignment, in bytes.
mutex_tas_spins
The number of times test-and-set mutexes will spin without blocking.
mutex_cnt
The total number of mutexes configured.
mutex_free
The number of mutexes currently available.
mutex_inuse
The number of mutexes currently in use.
mutex_inuse_max
The maximum number of mutexes ever in use.
regsize
The size of the mutex region, in bytes.
region_wait
The number of times that a thread of control was forced to wait before obtaining the mutex region mutex.
region_nowait
The number of times that a thread of control was able to obtain the mutex region mutex without waiting.
-
mutex_stat_print
(flags=0)¶ Displays the mutex subsystem statistical information. More info…
-
mutex_set_max
(value)¶ Configure the total number of mutexes to allocate. More info…
-
mutex_get_max
()¶ Returns the total number of mutexes allocated. More info…
-
mutex_set_increment
(value)¶ Configure the number of additional mutexes to allocate. More info…
-
mutex_get_increment
()¶ Returns the number of additional mutexes to allocate. More info…
-
mutex_set_align
(align)¶ Set the mutex alignment, in bytes. More info…
-
mutex_get_align
()¶ Returns the mutex alignment, in bytes. More info…
-
mutex_set_tas_spins
(tas_spins)¶ Specify that test-and-set mutexes should spin tas_spins times without blocking. Check the default values in the Oracle webpage. More info…
-
mutex_get_tas_spins
()¶ Returns the test-and-set spin count. More info…
DBEnv Replication Manager Methods¶
This module automates many of the tasks needed to provide replication abilities in a Berkeley DB system. The module is fairly limited, but enough in many cases. Users more demanding must use the full Base Replication API.
This module requires pthread support (in Unix), so you must compile Berkeley DB with it if you want to be able to use the Replication Manager.
-
repmgr_start
(nthreads, flags)¶ Starts the replication manager. More info…
-
repmgr_site
(host, port)¶ Returns a DB_SITE handle that defines a site’s host/port network address. You use the DB_SITE handle to configure and manage replication sites. More info…
-
repmgr_site_by_eid
(eid)¶ Returns a DB_SITE handle based on the site’s Environment ID value. You use the DB_SITE handle to configure and manage replication sites. More info…
-
repmgr_set_ack_policy
(ack_policy)¶ Specifies how master and client sites will handle acknowledgment of replication messages which are necessary for “permanent” records. More info…
-
repmgr_get_ack_policy
()¶ Returns the replication manager’s client acknowledgment policy. More info…
-
repmgr_site_list
()¶ Returns a dictionary with the status of the sites currently known by the replication manager.
The keys are the Environment ID assigned by the replication manager. This is the same value that is passed to the application’s event notification function for the DB_EVENT_REP_NEWMASTER event.
The values are tuples containing the hostname, the TCP/IP port number and the link status.
-
repmgr_stat
(flags=0)¶ Returns a dictionary with the replication manager statistics. Keys are:
perm_failed
The number of times a message critical for maintaining database integrity (for example, a transaction commit), originating at this site, did not receive sufficient acknowledgement from clients, according to the configured acknowledgement policy and acknowledgement timeout.
msgs_queued
The number of outgoing messages which could not be transmitted immediately, due to a full network buffer, and had to be queued for later delivery.
msgs_dropped
The number of outgoing messages that were completely dropped, because the outgoing message queue was full. (Berkeley DB replication is tolerant of dropped messages, and will automatically request retransmission of any missing messages as needed.)
connection_drop
The number of times an existing TCP/IP connection failed.
connect_fail
The number of times an attempt to open a new TCP/IP connection failed.
-
repmgr_stat_print
(flags=0)¶ Displays the replication manager statistical information. More info…
DBEnv Replication Methods¶
This section provides the raw methods for replication. If possible, it is recommended to use the Replication Manager.
-
rep_elect
(nsites, nvotes)¶ Holds an election for the master of a replication group.  More info…
-
rep_process_messsage
(control, rec, envid)¶ Processes an incoming replication message sent by a member of the replication group to the local database environment.
Returns a two element tuple.
-
rep_start
(flags, cdata=None)¶ Configures the database environment as a client or master in a group of replicated database environments.
The DB_ENV->rep_start method is not called by most replication applications. It should only be called by applications implementing their own network transport layer, explicitly holding replication group elections and handling replication messages outside of the replication manager framework.
-
rep_sync
()¶ Forces master synchronization to begin for this client. This method is the other half of setting the DB_REP_CONF_DELAYCLIENT flag via the DB_ENV->rep_set_config method. More info…
-
rep_set_config
(which, onoff)¶ Configures the Berkeley DB replication subsystem. More info…
-
rep_get_config
(which)¶ Returns whether the specified which parameter is currently set or not. More info…
-
rep_set_limit
(bytes)¶ Sets a byte-count limit on the amount of data that will be transmitted from a site in response to a single message processed by the DB_ENV->rep_process_message method. The limit is not a hard limit, and the record that exceeds the limit is the last record to be sent. More info…
-
rep_get_limit
()¶ Gets a byte-count limit on the amount of data that will be transmitted from a site in response to a single message processed by the DB_ENV->rep_process_message method. The limit is not a hard limit, and the record that exceeds the limit is the last record to be sent. More info…
-
rep_set_request
(minimum, maximum)¶ Sets a threshold for the minimum and maximum time that a client waits before requesting retransmission of a missing message. Specifically, if the client detects a gap in the sequence of incoming log records or database pages, Berkeley DB will wait for at least min microseconds before requesting retransmission of the missing record. Berkeley DB will double that amount before requesting the same missing record again, and so on, up to a maximum threshold of max microseconds. More info…
-
rep_get_request
()¶ Returns a tuple with the minimum and maximum number of microseconds a client waits before requesting retransmission. More info…
-
rep_set_nsites
(nsites)¶ Specifies the total number of sites in a replication group. More info…
-
rep_get_nsites
()¶ Returns the total number of sites in the replication group. More info…
-
rep_set_priority
(priority)¶ Specifies the database environment’s priority in replication group elections. The priority must be a positive integer, or 0 if this environment cannot be a replication group master. More info…
-
rep_get_priority
()¶ Returns the database environment priority. More info…
-
rep_set_timeout
(which, timeout)¶ Specifies a variety of replication timeout values. More info…
-
rep_get_timeout
(which)¶ Returns the timeout value for the specified which parameter. More info…
-
rep_set_clockskew
(fast, slow)¶ Sets the clock skew ratio among replication group members based on the fastest and slowest measurements among the group for use with master leases. More info…
-
rep_get_clockskew
()¶ Returns a tuple with the current clock skew values. More info…
-
rep_stat
(flags=0)¶ Returns a dictionary with the replication subsystem statistics. Keys are:
st_bulk_fills
The number of times the bulk buffer filled up, forcing the buffer content to be sent.
bulk_overflows
The number of times a record was bigger than the entire bulk buffer, and therefore had to be sent as a singleton.
bulk_records
The number of records added to a bulk buffer.
bulk_transfers
The number of bulk buffers transferred (via a call to the application’s send function).
client_rerequests
The number of times this client site received a “re-request” message, indicating that a request it previously sent to another client could not be serviced by that client. (Compare to client_svc_miss.)
client_svc_miss
The number of “request” type messages received by this client that could not be processed, forcing the originating requester to try sending the request to the master (or another client).
client_svc_req
The number of “request” type messages received by this client. (“Request” messages are usually sent from a client to the master, but a message marked with the DB_REP_ANYWHERE flag in the invocation of the application’s send function may be sent to another client instead.)
dupmasters
The number of duplicate master conditions originally detected at this site.
egen
The current election generation number.
election_cur_winner
The election winner.
election_gen
The election generation number.
election_lsn
The maximum LSN of election winner.
election_nsites
The number sites responding to this site during the last election.
election_nvotes
The number of votes required in the last election.
election_priority
The election priority.
election_sec
The number of seconds the last election took (the total election time is election_sec plus election_usec).
election_status
The current election phase (0 if no election is in progress).
election_tiebreaker
The election tiebreaker value.
election_usec
The number of microseconds the last election took (the total election time is election_sec plus election_usec).
election_votes
The number of votes received in the last election.
elections
The number of elections held.
elections_won
The number of elections won.
env_id
The current environment ID.
env_priority
The current environment priority.
gen
The current generation number.
log_duplicated
The number of duplicate log records received.
log_queued
The number of log records currently queued.
log_queued_max
The maximum number of log records ever queued at once.
log_queued_total
The total number of log records queued.
log_records
The number of log records received and appended to the log.
log_requested
The number of times log records were missed and requested.
master
The current master environment ID.
master_changes
The number of times the master has changed.
max_lease_sec
The number of seconds of the longest lease (the total lease time is max_lease_sec plus max_lease_usec).
max_lease_usec
The number of microseconds of the longest lease (the total lease time is max_lease_sec plus max_lease_usec).
max_perm_lsn
The LSN of the maximum permanent log record, or 0 if there are no permanent log records.
msgs_badgen
The number of messages received with a bad generation number.
msgs_processed
The number of messages received and processed.
msgs_recover
The number of messages ignored due to pending recovery.
msgs_send_failures
The number of failed message sends.
msgs_sent
The number of messages sent.
newsites
The number of new site messages received.
next_lsn
In replication environments configured as masters, the next LSN expected. In replication environments configured as clients, the next LSN to be used.
next_pg
The next page number we expect to receive.
nsites
The number of sites used in the last election.
nthrottles
Transmission limited. This indicates the number of times that data transmission was stopped to limit the amount of data sent in response to a single call to DB_ENV->rep_process_message.
outdated
The number of outdated conditions detected.
pg_duplicated
The number of duplicate pages received.
pg_records
The number of pages received and stored.
pg_requested
The number of pages missed and requested from the master.
startsync_delayed
The number of times the client had to delay the start of a cache flush operation (initiated by the master for an impending checkpoint) because it was missing some previous log record(s).
startup_complete
The client site has completed its startup procedures and is now handling live records from the master.
status
- The current replication mode. Set to
DB_REP_MASTER if the environment is a replication master, DB_REP_CLIENT if the environment is a replication client, or 0 if replication is not configured.
txns_applied
The number of transactions applied.
waiting_lsn
The LSN of the first log record we have after missing log records being waited for, or 0 if no log records are currently missing.
waiting_pg
The page number of the first page we have after missing pages being waited for, or 0 if no pages are currently missing.
-
rep_stat_print
(flags=0)¶ Displays the replication subsystem statistical information. More info…


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This is the doggone minimal website addition stuff.
It's just added code. And it’s really clean and simple.
To make it look like the other pages, you'd have to add div class tags. Else, it looks like this. Which ain't bad.
Seriously, some minimal things are needed to make this site perfect.
6 doggone declarations and one attribute.
 It’s so simple and it still has all the glory of the original perfect website.
- It’s finally lightweight and loads fast;
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This is a random picture. It's just here, hanging out. But it's probably a very nice picture.
And guess what, friend:
You never knew it, but it’s easy to improve reliability on your site. Here’s how.
A little more accessibility
You should take care of people.
The HTML tag doesn’t include the lang
attribute in your webpage.
Have you ever listened to a wrong language screen reader lecture? What a bad experience.

And did you let the browser choose the font? Don’t make someone read text with Times New Roman.
You can change the colors too, if you want.
License, add a license.
Do you dislike intellectual property? No. So you must choose a license.
And, you can let others improve this site, which is nice.
Yes, this is the last section
If you wish, you can use work on this site. The link is above.
“If a tree falls in a forest, and no one is around to hear it, does it still fall?” — Somebody
Epilogue
Inspired by the geniuses at some brilliant, foul-mouthed websites.


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LAST NAME
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Choose a country
France
Italy
Portugal
BIOGRAPHY
PHONE NUMBER
AFFILIATIONS
OCCUPATION
Choose an occupation
Janitor
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Confirmed Real Madrid squad vs PSG: These fans question Zidane snub
by Ron CarneReal Madrid face Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League this week, and Zinedine Zidane has named his squad for the encounter.
It’s a crucial clash for the Spanish giants as ultimately if they wish to keep alive their hopes of topping Group A, they’ll need to secure all three points.
SEE MORE: Video: Zidane risks sparking fresh row with PSG chief after commenting on Mbappe AGAIN
PSG currently lead the way on 12 points, while Los Blancos sit in second spot with seven, but they have a comfortable five-point buffer over Club Brugge which means this is potentially a shoot-out for top spot.
With that in mind, Zidane has unsurprisingly gone for a strong squad, as seen in the club’s tweet below, but ultimately the decision to leave Vinicius Jr out hasn’t gone down particularly well.
According to AS, it has been reported that there is no injury issue and Zidane has simply left the Brazilian starlet out for the fourth time in the last six games, and that will undoubtedly raise concerns over his long-term future at the Bernabeu if he has fallen down the pecking order.
The 19-year-old hasn’t been able to kick on as expected so far this season after an impressive debut campaign in Spain, as he has managed just one goal and one assist in 11 outings.
In turn, the numbers would perhaps support Zidane’s decision to go with other options, but that still seemingly isn’t enough to avoid a reaction from the fans below who clearly want to see Vinicius still involved to continue to improve and develop his game.
With his lack of opportunities so far this season in mind, it remains to be seen if a loan move elsewhere would perhaps be beneficial for all concerned to allow him to gain regular playing time to improve. For now though, Zidane will be fully focused on the task in hand and that’s securing a much-needed win over PSG.


What You Need · {{page.title}}
Materials
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This course is for Winter Semester 2016. For registration, please use the TISS site. New information will be updated soon
The goal of this lecture is to discuss and study advanced theoretical foundations, system designs, algorithms and system analysis of recent developments regarding Service Computing and Cloud Computing in large-scale distributed systems. In particular, the courses will focus on advanced algorithms, system models, and performance monitoring and analysis techniques for state-of-the-art cloud services, software service systems, IoT, and edge computing. Students will learn and research state-of-the-art algorithms and techniques through literature study, individual and team development project with real-world distributed systems.
Currently there is no change in the syllabus
Lectures are held on Friday from 13-15 at Seminarraum Argentinierstrasse, Argentinierstrasse 8 (or Paniglgasse), EG. Note that lectures are NOT held every week! See lecture notes for lecture dates and places.
Also Check TISS web page for course date, time, and location
| Date | Topics | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 7 Oct 2016, 13 pm | Course Overview | Motivation and expectation of the course, and course administration |
| 14pm, 21 Oct 2016 | Service-oriented and Cloud Computing: Recap and Outlook | Lecture and discussion on key advanced topics |
| 28 Oct & 18 Nov | Advanced algorithms for Complex and Hybrid cloud systems | Study advanced algorithms and discuss how they are used in real-world scenarios. Examples are Zookeeper for high availability, data sharding, geographical multi-cloud load balancing, automatic discovery and formation of container clusters, etc. |
| 25 Nov & 16 Dec | Elasticity principles and control algorithms | Study algorithms for elasticity controls in IoT, Cloud and fog computing and discuss how they are used in real-world scenarios. Examples are elasticity in well-known cloud systems, algorithms for elasticiy coordination in multi-cloud environments, elasticity algorithms for fog and NFV |
| 13 Jan & 20 Jan | Complex big data analytics system design | Study techniques and algorithms for big data ingest and analytics. Examples are algorithms for large-scale data ingest. |
| 27 Jan | End-to-End Service Performance and Dependability Analytics | Study techniques and tools for monitoring IoT, cloud and fog systems. Examples are performance monitoring for end-to-end view, instrumentation techniques for IoT and cloud |
| TBD | Final exam | Oral examination |
Assignments and project reports must be submitted to TUWEL.
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