R/step_select_xtab.R
step_select_xtab.Rd
`step_select_xtab` creates a *specification* of a recipe step that will filter predictors using their relationship with the outcome as measured using statistical tests for association.
step_select_xtab( recipe, ..., outcome, role = "predictor", trained = FALSE, threshold = NA, top_p = NA, exact = FALSE, fdr = TRUE, exclude = NULL, skip = FALSE, id = recipes::rand_id("select_xtab") ) # S3 method for step_select_xtab tidy(x, ...)
| recipe | A recipe object. The step will be added to the sequence of operations for this recipe. |
|---|---|
| ... | One or more selector functions to choose which predictors are affected by the step. See [selections()] for more details. For the `tidy` method, these are not currently used. |
| outcome | A single character string that specifies a single categorical variable to be used as the class. |
| role | For model terms created by this step, what analysis role should they be assigned?. By default, the function assumes that resulting distances will be used as predictors in a model. |
| trained | A logical to indicate if the quantities for preprocessing have been estimated. |
| threshold | A numeric value, in p-value/FDR units, where predictors with _smaller_ than the threshold will be retained. A value of `NA` implies that this criterion will be ignored. |
| top_p | An integer that will be used to select the predictors with the smallest p/FDR values. A value of `NA` implies that this criterion will be ignored. |
| exact | Should an exact test be used? |
| fdr | Should false discovery rates (FDR) be used instead of p-values? |
| exclude | A character vector of predictor names that will be removed from the data. This will be set when `prep()` is used on the recipe and should not be set by the user. |
| skip | A logical. Should the step be skipped when the recipe is baked by bake.recipe()? While all operations are baked when prep.recipe() is run, some operations may not be able to be conducted on new data (e.g. processing the outcome variable(s)). Care should be taken when using skip = TRUE as it may affect the computations for subsequent operations. |
| id | A character string that is unique to this step to identify it. |
| x | A `step_select_xtab` object. |
An updated version of `recipe` with the new step added to the sequence of existing steps (if any). For the `tidy` method, a tibble with a `terms` column for which predictors were removed.
The recipe will stop if both `top_p` and `threshold` are left unspecified. If both are used, they are combined via 'or'.
The Benjamini-Hochberg FDR correction is used (see [stats::p.adjust()]).
Warnings from [stats::chisq.test()] and [stats::fisher.test()] are suppressed.
data(attrition, package = "modeldata") rec <- recipe(Attrition ~ ., data = attrition) %>% step_select_xtab(all_nominal(), -all_outcomes(), outcome = "Attrition", top_p = 1, threshold = 0.001, exact = TRUE) %>% prep() rec %>% juice(all_nominal(), -all_outcomes()) %>% names()#> [1] "BusinessTravel" "EnvironmentSatisfaction" #> [3] "JobInvolvement" "MaritalStatus" #> [5] "OverTime"tidy(rec, number = 1)#> # A tibble: 9 x 2 #> terms id #> <chr> <chr> #> 1 JobSatisfaction select_xtab_MMaIH #> 2 WorkLifeBalance select_xtab_MMaIH #> 3 Department select_xtab_MMaIH #> 4 RelationshipSatisfaction select_xtab_MMaIH #> 5 Gender select_xtab_MMaIH #> 6 Education select_xtab_MMaIH #> 7 PerformanceRating select_xtab_MMaIH #> 8 EducationField select_xtab_MMaIH #> 9 JobRole select_xtab_MMaIH


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vignettes/intro_covid19swiss.Rmd
intro_covid19swiss.Rmd
The covid19swiss R package provides a tidy format dataset of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) pandemic outbreak in Switzerland cantons and Principality of Liechtenstein (FL).
The covid19swiss
dataset includes the following fields:
date
- the timestamp of the case, a Date
objectlocation
- the Cantons of Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein (FL) abbreviation codelocation_type
- description of the location, either Canton of Switzerland or the Principality of echtenstein
location_code
- a canton index code for merging geometry data from the rnaturalearth package, ailable only for Switzerland cantonslocation_code_type
- the name of code in the rnaturalearth package for Switzerland mapdata_type
- the type of casevalue
- the number of cases corresponding to the date
and data_type
fieldsWhere the available data_type
field includes the following cases:
tested_total
- cumulative number of tests performed as of the datecases_total
- cumulative confirmed Covid-19 cases as of the current datehosp_new
- new hospitalizations on the current datehosp_current
- current number of hospitalized patients as of the current dateicu_current
- number of hospitalized patients in ICUs as of the current datevent_current
- number of hospitalized patients requiring ventilation as of the current daterecovered_total
- cumulative number of patients recovered as of the current datedeaths_total
- cumulative deaths due to Covid-19 as of the current dateThe data organized in a long format:
library(covid19swiss)
head(covid19swiss)
#> date location location_type location_code location_code_type
#> 1 2020-01-24 GE Canton of Switzerland CH.GE gn_a1_code
#> 2 2020-01-24 GE Canton of Switzerland CH.GE gn_a1_code
#> 3 2020-01-24 GE Canton of Switzerland CH.GE gn_a1_code
#> 4 2020-01-24 GE Canton of Switzerland CH.GE gn_a1_code
#> 5 2020-01-24 GE Canton of Switzerland CH.GE gn_a1_code
#> 6 2020-01-24 GE Canton of Switzerland CH.GE gn_a1_code
#> data_type value
#> 1 tested_total 4
#> 2 cases_total NA
#> 3 hosp_new NA
#> 4 hosp_current NA
#> 5 icu_current NA
#> 6 vent_current NA
It is straightforward to transform the data into a wide format with the pivot_wider
function from the tidyr package:
library(tidyr)
covid19swiss_wide <- covid19swiss %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = data_type, values_from = value)
head(covid19swiss_wide)
#> # A tibble: 6 x 13
#> date location location_type location_code location_code_t… tested_total
#> <date> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <int>
#> 1 2020-01-24 GE Canton of Sw… CH.GE gn_a1_code 4
#> 2 2020-01-25 GE Canton of Sw… CH.GE gn_a1_code 8
#> 3 2020-01-26 GE Canton of Sw… CH.GE gn_a1_code 11
#> 4 2020-01-27 GE Canton of Sw… CH.GE gn_a1_code 18
#> 5 2020-01-28 GE Canton of Sw… CH.GE gn_a1_code 27
#> 6 2020-01-29 GE Canton of Sw… CH.GE gn_a1_code 54
#> # … with 7 more variables: cases_total <int>, hosp_new <int>,
#> # hosp_current <int>, icu_current <int>, vent_current <int>,
#> # recovered_total <int>, deaths_total <int>
The following examples demonstrate simple methods for query and summarise the data with the dplyr and tidyr packages.
The first example demonstrates how to query the total confirmed, recovered, and death cases by canton as of April 8th:
library(dplyr)
covid19swiss %>%
filter(date == as.Date("2020-09-08"),
data_type %in% c("cases_total", "recovered_total", "death_total")) %>%
select(location, value, data_type) %>%
pivot_wider(names_from = data_type, values_from = value) %>%
arrange(-cases_total)
#> # A tibble: 26 x 3
#> location cases_total recovered_total
#> <chr> <int> <int>
#> 1 VD 8070 NA
#> 2 GE 7310 NA
#> 3 ZH 6652 NA
#> 4 TI 3565 929
#> 5 BE 2698 NA
#> 6 VS 2458 320
#> 7 AG 2260 NA
#> 8 FR 1920 164
#> 9 SG 1341 NA
#> 10 BS 1254 1154
#> # … with 16 more rows
Note: some fields, such as total_recovered
or total_tested
, are not available for some cantons and marked as missing values (i.e., NA
)
In the next example, we will filter the dataset for the Canton of Geneva and calculate the following metrics:
covid19swiss %>% dplyr::filter(location == "GE",
date == as.Date("2020-04-10")) %>%
dplyr::select(data_type, value) %>%
tidyr::pivot_wider(names_from = data_type, values_from = value) %>%
dplyr::mutate(positive_tested = round(100 * cases_total / tested_total, 2),
death_rate = round(100 * deaths_total / cases_total, 2),
recovery_rate = round(100 * recovered_total / cases_total, 2)) %>%
dplyr::select(positive_tested, recovery_rate, death_rate)
#> # A tibble: 1 x 3
#> positive_tested recovery_rate death_rate
#> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 23.7 10.1 3.83
Values are in precentage
The raw data include both Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein. Separating the data by country can be done by using the location
field:
switzerland <- covid19swiss %>% filter(location != "FL")
head(switzerland)
#> date location location_type location_code location_code_type
#> 1 2020-01-24 GE Canton of Switzerland CH.GE gn_a1_code
#> 2 2020-01-24 GE Canton of Switzerland CH.GE gn_a1_code
#> 3 2020-01-24 GE Canton of Switzerland CH.GE gn_a1_code
#> 4 2020-01-24 GE Canton of Switzerland CH.GE gn_a1_code
#> 5 2020-01-24 GE Canton of Switzerland CH.GE gn_a1_code
#> 6 2020-01-24 GE Canton of Switzerland CH.GE gn_a1_code
#> data_type value
#> 1 tested_total 4
#> 2 cases_total NA
#> 3 hosp_new NA
#> 4 hosp_current NA
#> 5 icu_current NA
#> 6 vent_current NA
liechtenstein <- covid19swiss %>% filter(location == "FL")
head(liechtenstein)
#> date location location_type location_code
#> 1 2020-02-27 FL Principality of Liechtenstein <NA>
#> 2 2020-02-27 FL Principality of Liechtenstein <NA>
#> 3 2020-02-27 FL Principality of Liechtenstein <NA>
#> 4 2020-02-27 FL Principality of Liechtenstein <NA>
#> 5 2020-02-27 FL Principality of Liechtenstein <NA>
#> 6 2020-02-27 FL Principality of Liechtenstein <NA>
#> location_code_type data_type value
#> 1 gn_a1_code tested_total 3
#> 2 gn_a1_code cases_total NA
#> 3 gn_a1_code hosp_new NA
#> 4 gn_a1_code hosp_current NA
#> 5 gn_a1_code icu_current NA
#> 6 gn_a1_code vent_current NA


If you can read this text, html file is recognized. If it is red, main.css is also loaded correctly. Finally, an alert will have popped up if main.js was also loaded.


Improving the Docs & Site
Learn how to improve CanJS’s site and documentation.
Overview
The CanJS site is generated with bit-docs, a modified version of DocumentJS. Its content is hosted using GitHub pages publishing the canjs/canjs#gh-pages repo.
bit-docs
reads JavaScript comments and markdown files within the canjs
repo as well as
the individual repositories within node_modules
to produce a static site.
The high level content (Ex: homepage) and the guides content for the site is within the
canjs/docs
folder. Individual repositories contain their own markdown and commented
JavaScript files used to produce their API pages.
Generate the documentation locally
First, follow the steps listed under Developing Locally to fork & clone the repository, install the dependencies, build the documentation, and view the site locally.
Improve the theme’s design and styles
The CanJS theme is in bit-docs-html-canjs. Its README has instructions on how to test out the theme. Once the theme is updated and published,
- Open
canjs/package.json
. Updatebit-docs-html-canjs
’s version to the new theme version. - Run
npm run document:force
to make sure the theme is correctly applied.
The CanJS design folder has logos, stickers, and other design resources.
Test out content from other repos
As noted above, the API docs from each package come from that package. So if you’re
improving the docs for say can-compute
, you want to see what can-compute
’s docs look like,
install your local can-compute
and re-run bit-docs like:
npm install ../can-compute && npm run document:force
Publish the documentation
Once the docs look right locally, commit your changes, then run:
make
The make script will generate the documentation again and push out the gh-pages
branch.
Writing API documentation
Our documentation is modeled off of jQuery’s. Please read their guidelines. Also read our Reading the Docs (API Guide).
Generally speaking there are three parts to every documentation page:
- Its description
- Its signatures
- The body (typically "Use" section)
Description
The description section should be a one or two sentence explanation of what this piece of documentation does from a user-centric view. Descriptions are a quick summary of the why and the what. It should take on an active voice. For example, can-component’s description:
Create a custom element that can be used to manage widgets or application logic.
Notice that it uses "Create" not "Creates".
Signatures
Signatures are the what and the how. They should include all or most of the following:
- What the signature does, if different from the description, especially if there are multiple signatures.
- High level details on how the code works.
- A simple example showing how to use the code.
can-compute’s first signature is a good example of this. First, it explains what that signature does:
Create a compute that derives its value from other observables.
Then it briefly explains how the code works:
Uses can-observation to call the getterSetter and track observables.
Finally, it provides minimal sample code:
var age = compute(32);
var nameAndAge = compute(function(){
return "Matthew - " + age();
});
nameAndAge() // -> "Matthew - 32"
age(33);
nameAndAge() // -> "Matthew - 33"
Not all signatures need to hit all three points. For example can-event/batch/batch’s
signature simply adds a bit more depth to the purpose of can-event/batch/batch
and then details how the code works. How to use the code is
left for the body
section as importing the module is not necessary to show.
Signature titles should follow jQuery’s conventions:
- Static methods like:
TypeAlias.method()
- Prototype methods like:
typeAlias.method()
- Spaces in between arguments:
typeAlias.method( arg1, arg2 )
- Brackets around optional args:
typeAlias.method( arg1 [, arg2 ], arg3 )
ortypeAlias.method( arg1 [, arg2 ][, arg3 ] )
Make sure to fully document the a signature’s parameters and return value. There’s a lot of flexibility in documenting the type expression of a return value or parameters and the name expression of parameters.
- Parameter and descriptions should start with a
Capital
and end with a period like:@param {Type} name Indicates that something should happen.
Body
Most body sections start with a ## Use
subsection. This is a mini guide on
how to use that piece of code. Modules should have long bodies that span
multiple topics. For example can-component’s body has examples and
information about nearly all of its sub-functions. However
can-component.prototype.tag doesn’t have a
use section because it’s covered in can-component.
Structuring documentation
- Group names (like
prototype
) should be lower case. - Types should be capitalized
{String}
except when they are describing a function requestHandler.


--- layout: post title: Testing is to programming what math is to engineering categories: - Meta Game - unit testing tags: [] status: publish type: post published: true meta: _original_post_id: '' _original_import_author: Steve Shogren ---
In ancient times, plenty of builders did their work without math, and I would guess that a good portion of them likely did it faster then their math-doing counterparts.
I am certain that when builders first started using math to prove that buildings would stand up safely, they were mocked by their math-less counterparts. I can hear them now, "Oh, Stephos, it takes you 5 times longer to prove your building will stand up, real men can just see that it will work". Even in modern times, many people build houses and small buildings that probably don't even need the math to really "prove" they work, but they perform the due diligence anyway. On the other hand, some people today still build houses, sheds, tree-houses, lofts, and fire pits without any drawings or math at at all, and why should they? They are responsible for the risk.
This is all fine, but, builders who shy away from math also don't build airliners, space shuttles, and skyscrapers. An aircraft designer who doesn't feel like using math to prove their aircraft will fly is handed an "Experimental" sticker and gravely patted on the back.
Today, programming is at the same place as both ancient and modern engineering: many projects can be done "by eye", and some of the most experienced programmers are able to build immense projects alone without any sort of automated testing at all. When you go to a forum and ask for help, you are just as likely to hear from a "space shuttle" programmer as you are to hear from a "tin shack" programmer. The "space shuttle" programmer would be horrified to hear of working without automated testing and rigorous review practices, whereas the "tin shack" programmer would be horrified to think of the time wasted to even learn the procedures to automatically prove his code works as it should. The "space shuttle" programmer might work on the same internal financial project for months or years, finally releasing with zero defects; the "tin shack" programmer might churn out several quick web sites a day. Neither project is better then the other, they both might be perfect for what their business needs.
I have heard several times from very good lone wolf programmers that testing just slows them down, and in some ways, it does appear to be a slowdown for them. Unfortunately, the cost to build even medium-sized projects with several workers without automated testing is only felt when it is too late, when the deadlines (and costs) are spiraling out of control.
The disciplined application of mathematics transformed and solidified the field of engineering into a field far more vast and capable of some of the most incredible constructions imaginable. Would we have smart-phones, GPS, modern cars, and airliners if engineering had just avoided mathematics? Just imagine what the field of programming could grow into if we continue to learn and grow our testing, designing, and writing of software.
I propose that automated testing is to programming what math was to ancient engineering.


This document contains the most frequently asked questions about the Document Object Model. It is not intended to replace any specifications or other documents. Please send suggestions or comments about this FAQ to the address above.
(Note: We maintain this document's source as faq.xml, using the markup language defined by faq.dtd. This XHTML version is generated from that source using faq.xsl.)
The Document Object Model. This means that we are developing a model in which the document or Web page contains objects (elements, links, etc.) that can be manipulated. So you will be able to delete, add, or change an element (as long as the document is still valid, of course!), change its content or add, delete or change an attribute. You will be able to get a list of all the H1 elements in the document, or all the elements with an attribute CLASS="foo".
The DOM API provides a standardized, versatile view of a document's contents. By supporting the DOM API, a program not only allows its data to be manipulated by other routines, but does so in a way that allows those manipulations to be reused with other DOMs, or to take advantage of solutions already written for those DOMs. This interoperability also allows programmers who invest in learning to use the DOM calls to apply those skills to other DOMs.
The intent is that -- if you stick with the standardized APIs -- any DOM implementation can be plugged together with any DOM-based application. The original example of this was dynamic-HTML scripts; by agreeing on the DOM as their standard representation of the document, scripts can be be written that will work properly on all browsers. But this applies to larger-scale programming as well; for example, a server-side solution might be built out of the following reusable components, which may or may not all share a single DOM implementation:
If a better implementation of one of these modules becomes available (a faster XML parser, for example) or if an additional/different processing stage is required, you should be able to unplug the existing connections and plug in the new component with minimal recoding.
(The goal is "no recoding", and that is already the case for many applications, but at this writing the DOM Level 2 APIs are not yet complete enough to promise this for all applications. In particular, some of the tools needed to construct a DOM "from scratch" are not yet exposed in the published APIs, and the DOM has not yet defined a representation for the DTD/Schema information.)
Similarly, while all DOM implementations should be interoperable, they may vary considerably in code size, memory demand, and performance of individual operations. So the ability to unplug and replace the DOM itself may also be very useful. For example, since some parsers can write into a user-provided DOM, you may be able to parse a document directly into the above-mentioned database.
There is one potential downside to using the DOM: As with any generalized set of interfaces, the DOM calls can be used to solve a very wide range of problems, but may not be the optimal solution for any specific problem. The advantages of interoperability and familiarity to users will more than compensate for this in many applications, but you will find that some tasks may call for other interfaces in addition to, or instead of, the DOM. For example, your application may wish to use custom interfaces internally for performance reasons, yet be able to import/export/expose its data via the DOM for convenient access from outside.
The DOM Level 1 and Level 2 specifications are W3C Recommendations. This means that the specification is final and can be implemented without fear of things changing. Level 1 allows navigation around an HTML or XML document, and manipulation of the content in that document. Level 2 extends Level 1 with a number of features: XML Namespace support, filtered views, ranges, events, etc. Level 3 is currently a Working Draft, which means that it is under active development and subject to change as we continue to refine it.
A DOM implementation (also called a host implementation) is that piece of software which takes the parsed XML or HTML document and makes it available for processing via the DOM interfaces. A browser contains a hosting implementation, for example.
A DOM application (also called a client application) is that piece of software which takes the document made available by the implementation, and does something to it. A script which runs in a browser is an example of an application.
This will depend on what hosting implementation you want to use it with. Your favorite browser might implement a JavaScript or VBScript interface, so you can use those scripting languages within the page itself to manipulate the page or change the CSS style sheet. Your favorite editor might implement a Scheme or Java interface so you can write an executable in those languages that talks to your editor to manipulate the page. You might be able to write an application in C++ that uses the DOM interface to transfer information from the page in your browser to a database via an ODBC driver. We are writing a set of interfaces; different companies will be able to implement these interfaces in different ways. It is unlikely that any one company will give you a choice of C++ and Java and Scheme and Perl and Python and ..., but interfaces in all these languages will be possible, since the DOM itself is language-neutral.
The Object Management Group Interface Definition Language (OMG IDL) was chosen as it was designed for specifying language and implementation-neutral interfaces. Various other IDLs could be used; the use of OMG IDL does not imply a requirement to use a specific object binding runtime.
We expect that the DOM can be implemented using CORBA, COM, or Java Virtual Machine runtime bindings. We expect that many implementations of the DOM will use bindings to various programming languages. The DOM specifies bindings for Java and ECMAScript (the standardization of JavaScript/JScript by the European Computer Manufacturer's Association (ECMA) defined by ECMA-262) as appendices to the specification; other language bindings (for example, ANSI C++, Perl, or VBScript) may be supplied by other interested parties. Obviously it would be good if different implementations in other languages are consistent with each other.
Although questions about the DOM may be posted in other forums, it would be best to post them to the public mailing list at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>To subscribe, send mail to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>with the subject "subscribe". Please read this FAQ before posting any questions.
Read the specifications up on the Web site, and send email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>We will update the specifications as often as we can.
See the Activity statement for a description of what the DOM WG is currently working on.
Yes. W3C and the member organizations that make up W3C are concerned with accessibility. The DOM will make it much easier for accessibility tools to access documents, since they will be able to take a document and feed it into an accessibility-enabled application, such as a screen reader.
The DOM will not change other standards, or redefine standards. The DOM will have clean interfaces to other relevant specifications. The DOM WG works together with other groups, as far as possible, to make sure various specifications are consistent.
The Document Object Model, despite its name, is not an object model in the same way as the Component Object Model (COM). The COM, like CORBA, is a language-independent way to specify interfaces and objects; the Document Object Model is a set of interfaces and objects designed for managing HTML and XML documents. The DOM may be implemented using language-independent systems like COM or CORBA; it may also be implemented using language-specific bindings like the Java or ECMAScript bindings that we define.
There will be two ways of using the HTML module of the DOM. You might write JavaScript or VBScript in your page. Or, you might use an external application such as a plug-in, ActiveX control, or Java applet, that accesses the document through your browser (support depends on the browser).
Dynamic HTML (DHTML) is a term used by some vendors to describe the combination of HTML, style sheets and scripts that allows documents to be animated. The scripting interfaces provided in DHTML have a significant overlap with the DOM, particularly with the HTML module. Compatibility with DHTML was a motivating factor in the development of the DOM. The DOM, however, is more than DHTML. It is a platform- and language-neutral interface that will allow programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of documents, both HTML and XML.
In general your pages should not be broken, if you want to be able to use the DOM to get consistent results. It's the same right now - if you mix JavaScript or VBScript with a broken HTML page, you can get some odd results.
A DOM-compliant document model is one that responds to all the
DOM API calls with the results documented in a specific Level of
the DOM Recommendation. You are not required to implement the
optional modules (XML, HTML, Stylesheet, CSS, Traversal, Ranges,
Events or the specific event sets) in order to claim compliance,
but if your DOM does not completely implement these it should
respond "false" to the relevant
hasFeature
queries. For example, a DOM which implements
just the Level 1 APIs plus the
importNode
method would be compliant only with Level 1,
since it does not have complete support for Level 2.
In many situations, it is possible and desirable to add features to a DOM without breaking compliance. The simplest and safest way to do so is to define a new set of APIs which the objects in your customized DOM could support, so the behavior of the standard DOM API can be left unchanged. The HTML DOM is a good example of this approach; it defined a set of custom subclasses of standard DOM objects, each of which continues to respect the core DOM behaviors but also supports additional behaviors.
Some developers are starting to reuse portions of the DOM API without promising 100% DOM compliance. For example, some people have written DOM subsets (read-only DOMs, for example), or have used portions of the DOM API to build other kinds of node trees, or even mixed their own custom nodetypes with those defined by the DOM. If designed and written well, these solutions may allow _limited_ interchange of code with standard DOMs -- for example, all reasonable programs that work on a read-only DOM should run just as well on a "real" DOM, though the reverse is obviously not true. However, since the DOM's greatest value is that it promotes interoperability, such changes to the DOM's behavior should be avoided if at all possible, and will not be recognized as fully compliant implementations of the DOM.
The DOM Level 2 specifies a way to manipulate and change CSS stylesheets. There is also core functionality for linking style sheets in any stylesheet language to an XML or HTML file. A similar interface to XSL stylesheets may be specified later on, perhaps not by the DOM WG.
The object model in the DOM is a programming object model that comes from object-oriented design. It refers to the fact that the interfaces are defined in terms of objects. In the DOM work, we call the object model that groves specify an abstract data model. There is an implicit data model in the DOM, but implementors do not have to use this to implement the interfaces. The data model in the DOM is specified in the Information Set specification.
A future Level of the DOM is expected to include a query interface, so that you will be able to interface to whatever query language your DOM implementation supports. W3C is working on a query language, so the DOM WG does not need to specify this.
Other groups are designing DOM modules that work with the DOM specification and give extra functionality for particular markup languages. Examples are the MathML DOM for use with MathML, the SVG DOM for use with SVG, and the SMIL DOM. These DOM modules are being designed by the groups responsible for designing those languages.
DOM and SAX are currently the two most popular APIs for manipulating XML documents. They differ significantly in provenance, in scope, and in programming style. They are not in direct competition with each other; each has strengths and weaknesses.
Provenance:Unlike the DOM, SAX ("Simple API for XML") is not being developed by the World Wide Web Consortium. Instead, it was developed by an informal group of participants of the XML-DEV mailing list. SAX 1 has been fairly widely supported by providers of XML processing software. SAX 2, now being developed, is not yet widely supported, and at this writing diverges significantly from SAX 1, though it includes the SAX 1 APIs for backward-compatibility purposes.
Scope:SAX was originally designed specifically as an API for XML parsers. As such, it includes functions which won't be supported in the DOM until DOM Level 3's Load/Save module is released. On the other hand, SAX 1 discarded some information (such as comments) that the DOM retains. As with the DOM, later versions of SAX are working to improve their coverage of the XML Information Set.
Style:The most important difference between SAX and DOM is that SAX presents the document as a serialized "event stream" (a sequence of calls to a handler function as each chunk of XML syntax is recognized) rather than the DOM's tree. A major disadvantage of this approach is that SAX does not support random-access manipulation of the document -- you see the tokens once, in document order, and that's it. If you might want to refer back to anything you saw earlier, it's your code's responsibility to store that information so you can retrieve it. But this requirement that you invent your own document model means you can decide to discard information that will not be needed, which can result in reduced memory overhead versus retaining a complete model such as the DOM.
However, depending on the task you're trying to perform, SAX may not always have a storage-size advantage. And one should remember that DOM implementations vary in their memory requirements, just as they do in code size and performance. Some are more compact than others, and some do not keep the whole document in main memory at once.
So how should you decide between SAX events and DOM trees? If you intend to allow other code, such as utility routines, middleware, applications, and scripts within the document, to explore and possibly alter the document's contents, the DOM is almost certainly the way to go; it provides a W3C-standardized, complete, and editable view of the document's contents. Conversely, if your task processes the document on a straight-line flow-through basis, without permitting users to write "scripts" against it and without needing much contextual information at each stage -- for example, if you're parsing the XML document directly into a database for storage -- SAX may provide a more direct interface to the parser. Between these extremes, it's a judgement call; you have to think about how much trouble it will be to implement your own document model versus using the DOM, and about how you expect your application to grow in the future.
In fact, it is possible to combine SAX and DOM within a single system. Many parsers can produce both SAX and DOM output, and some have borrowed SAX's parser-control calls as a stopgap while they wait for the DOM 3 Load/Save API to be defined. Despite the slight "impedance mismatch" between them, it is not uncommon to use a SAX stream as input to a DOM builder, or to use a DOM's contents to generate SAX events; code for both these operations is widely available. There are also some new APIs being developed which combine SAX and DOM in interesting ways, for example returning DOM nodes from SAX operations.
Full details are in the DOM specification. A brief summary follows:
If you are implementing the interfaces defined by DOM, then you must use the official package name of those interfaces, which, by definition, is "org.w3c.dom". If you add any additional interfaces or change the interfaces in any way, they may not start with "org.w3c.dom" - they have to be in a different package.
You will need a DOM implementation which supports the Java bindings. Check the documentation for the implementation you're interested in to make sure this is the case. The documentation should also include information as to how to use the Java bindings.
The DOM specification does not define any methods related to memory management (such as to release an object). This is because while the DOM is a programming language independent API, the way one deals with memory is very language specific. Therefore any method related to memory management that is required by a particular language, needs to be specified in that language binding. Due to the way memory is managed in Java and ECMAScript, none of the bindings included in the DOM specification have such methods.
NodeList
, although it resembles an array or vector (it
has a length attribute, and you can access the members of the list
via an integer index), is _not_ an array. Think of it instead as
another way of looking at the DOM's document tree. If that tree
changes -- if something inserts or appends or removes
Node
s -- the
NodeList
will be automatically adjusted at the same
time. The result is that a
NodeList
is always an accurate representation of the
getChildNodes
or
getElementsByTagName
results as if you had just issued
that call, so there is no need to refresh the
NodeList
to pick up changes to the underlying
document.
In MVC terminology, the underlying document tree is the "Model",
the DOM API that allows the tree to be modified is the
"Controller", and each
NodeList
is a "View" of Model. In other words, the
NodeList
is not something separate from the document
tree that needs to be kept in synch with the tree, but a view of
the actual tree with array-like semantics that may be more
convenient for some tasks than the tree-like semantics of the DOM
Node
hierarchy.
This means there is no need to refresh the nodes of a
NodeList
as a document changes. The fact that the
indexed nodes of a
NodeList
returned by
getChildNodes
or
getElementsByTagName
are automatically updated so that
they are always correct as descendants are inserted or removed can
be convenient, but it can also cause the index and count of nodes
in the list to shift unexpectedly. Some DOM implementations may
perform the automatic updating poorly.
For example, a loop that removes a node from the hierarchy causes the next node to slide to the current index and the length to shrink. This could cause the next node to be skipped and the end of the list to be overshot. This can be avoided by decrementing the index from length - 1 to 0 instead of incrementing from 0. Decrementing processes each node before it can shift. To properly use a loop that starts at 0, whenever a removal occurs, the index must not be incremented, but the maximum index must be decremented instead.
Different DOM implementations will process
NodeList
s differently, so getting nodes in
non-sequential order, getting the list length, or intermixing
document modification could affect the performance of the
application. Some DOM implementations might force the list to be
completely recomputed every time a change occurs to the document.
These problems can be avoided. For example, random access is seldom
required and the length is not really needed if a loop terminates
when the returned item is null. Constructing a loop to avoid
accessing shifted nodes makes the implementation less likely to
have to do a fix up. In some cases, copying nodes of a
NodeList
to a static list before modifying the document
may be the best way to avoid index shifts and recomputations.
DOMException (WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR)
when you attempt to
do so. Exposing ownerDocument introduced no additional
constraints... and added significant value, e.g. by allowing you to
write
myNode.appendChild(myNode.getOwnerDocument().createTextNode("new
child"));
even when myNode is not currently part of the
Document's main tree.parent.appendChild(newchild.clonenode(true))
do if
parent and newchild have different
ownerDocument
values?DOMException (WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR)
if an attempt is made
to insert a node from one ownerDocument into a tree with a
different ownerDocument. Some DOM implementations may allow this
code fragment to work in specific circumstances, when they know
that the underlying representation of the nodes is compatable, but
that is considered non-compliant behavior.Yes. The elements will always be in document order.
The DOM Level 3 API specifies an interoperable way to parse and save documents.
In Level 1, you must use vendor-specific solutions, since the Level 1 DOM did not define how to create a Document. Level 2 does define how to create a new Document.
Attr
is a Node because its value is actually carried by
its children, which may be a mixture of
Text
and
EntityReference
nodes, and because making it a
Node
allows us to store it in a
NamedNodeMap
for easy retrieval.
The
getAttribute
method hides this detail by returning a
string representing the concatenation of all these children, and
similarly
setAttribute
replaces the
Attr
's contents with a single
Text
node holding the new string. To create or
manipulate other children of an
Attr
, you have to access the
Attr
node directly via the
getAttributeNode
and
setAttributeNode
methods, or by retrieving it from the
element's "attributes"
NamedNodeMap
.
Section 1.1.1 of the Level 1 DOM Recommendation gives a list of
which nodes can be parents and children of which other nodes.
Attr
is not a legal child of any node, so attempts to
insert it as one will throw a
DOMException
(HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR
).
There is, but it's called
removeAttributeNode
.
We needed both
setAttributeNode
and
setAttributeNodeNS
, because those functions use
different rules to select which (if any) existing
Attr
the new one will replace.
setAttributeNode
bases this decision on the
nodeName
, while
setAttributeNodeNS
looks at the combination of
namespaceURI and localname. However, when you remove a specific
Attr
Node, its
nodeName
,
localname
, and
namespaceURI
are ignored, and there's no need for a
second method to support this.
In XML, all whitespace has to be passed through to the application. This means that if you have whitespace, such as carriage returns, between tags in your source file, these have to be passed through, even if they're just there for pretty-printing. The DOM implementation has to put this whitespace somewhere, and the only possibility is a text node. Thus you will get text nodes which look empty, but in fact have a carriage return or other whitespace in them.
Note that some DOM implementations, which do not consider whitespace in element content to be meaningful for the XML languages they support, discard these whitespace nodes before exposing the DOM to their users.
See also the parameter "element-content-whitespace" in the
DOMConfiguration
interface provided by DOM Level 3.
The DOM structure model that is created by whatever it is that
creates it has one Text node per block of text when it starts. The
only way you can have adjacent Text nodes is as a result of user
operations; it is not an option for the DOM implementation when it
first presents its structure model to the user. The
normalize
method (on the
Element
interface in level 1, but moved to
Node
for Level 2) will merge all the adjacent Text
nodes into one again, so they will have the same form as if you
wrote out the XML or HTML and then read it in again. Note that this
will have no effect on CDATA Sections.
A filtered view of a document, such as that obtained through use of TreeWalker, may have adjacent Text nodes because the intervening Nodes are not seen in that view.
To change a CDATA section into a Text node, you have to copy the
content of the CDATA section node into a string (using the
data
attribute that is inherited from the
CharacterData
interface). Create a Text node with that
content (using the
createTextNode
method on the
Document
interface). Find the parent of the
CDATASection node. Then replace the CDATA Section node with the
Text node (either by inserting the Text node and deleting the CDATA
Section node, or using the
replaceChild
method on the
Node
interface). You may then wish to call the
normalize
method (on
Element
in Level 1, but on
Node
in Level 2), to merge any adjacent Text nodes.
See also the parameter "cdata-sections" in the
DOMConfiguration
interface provided by DOM Level 3.
Interfaces are widely used in many object-oriented languages, for example Java, and have several advantages when designing an API. They are similar to abstract classes, but all the methods are abstract. Variables in an interface must be constants. The key point with interfaces is that they do not constrain implementations. The methods defined in an interface must give the correct results, but the implementation is free to do anything it needs to. Thus, for example, even if one interface inherits from another, this does not mean that the implementation must share any code.
Interfaces are implemented by classes. Any given class is free to implement more than one interface (e.g., an interface specified by the DOM and some extensions). When a class implements more than one interface, it must provide an implementation for all the abstract methods in each interface, but again, need not share code or any other implementation details.
In Level 2 we needed to add some more functionality to, for example, the Node interface. There are several choices for how to add new functionality to an existing interface. One is to define a new interface, say Node2, and have it inherit from Node, adding the new methods. Another possibility is to have the Node2 interface copy all the existing methods from Node, rather than inheriting them. Another method is to extend the interfaces.
All three of these methods have advantages and disadvantages, which vary according to the language binding you are using. One big disadvantage of the inheritance method is the diamond inheritance you get when, for example, Document2 is created, which inherits both from Document (which inherits from Node) and from Node2. But Node2 also inherits from Node. The problem will only get worse as we design Level 3, Level 4, etc of the DOM. This inheritance also necessitates a lot of casting, and the user has to know which precise interface a method was defined on, to know what to cast the result to.
Copying all the methods leads to bloated interfaces, since many methods will be present many times (again, this problem gets worse as we design more Levels of the DOM).
Adding new methods to existing interfaces where appropriate does not work in all languages, but those languages which need a different way of doing things are expressly allowed to do so by the DOM specification. It avoids the problems of diamond inheritance and excessive casting, and cuts down on interface bloat.
That may work in some implementations of the DOM, but it isn't portable and should be avoided. Not all languages support this kind of runtime type identification. Even in languages which do, the results will depend on exactly how the DOM was implemented.
The specification does not guarantee that there is a one-to-one mapping from DOM interface to actual object type. It is entirely possible that a single class might have been written to implement more than one of the DOM interfaces. In such an implementation, the language features can't tell which of those interfaces is actually in use by a given instance of the class. For example, if the DOM developer decided to implement Text and Comment nodes using a single class, an instance of this class would be recognized as being a legitimate instance of both interfaces.
To reliably tell which kind of Node you're looking at, you should look at its nodeType value. To distinguish HTMLElements, look at their nodeName.
Visitor was considered for inclusion in the Traversal module of the Level 2 DOM. There are negative as well as positive consequences to implementing the Visitor pattern. One of Visitor's advantages over Iterator is that Visitor can handle structures where the objects don't share a common ancestor class, which is not an issue when everything you're looking at is derived from Node. Since most of the things a Visitor could do can be emulated with a switch statement driven by an iterator, we decided to defer this issue.
Neither Level 1 nor Level 2 allow you to move a Node from one
document to another, although Level 2 has an
importNode
method which allows you to copy a Node from
one document to another. So, using Level 2, you copy the Node from
the source to the target document and then delete the Node from the
source document. If you want to do this in Level 1, you will need
to write your own function that creates a new Node in the target
document and then copies the data.
DOM Level 3 has
adoptNode()
that will let you move a
Node
from one
Document
to another.
When elements or attributes which have namespace prefixes are moved, it's possible that the prefix no longer matches the same namespace URI. The DOM is always internally consistent, since each node carries its own namespace URI. It may or may not contain all the namespace declaration attributes in the right places, or have the prefixes matched up properly if those declarations do exist. The DOM is departing from canonical form, just a bit, in part because the DOM WG was concerned that continuously enforcing those restrictions could impose a significant amount of overhead. But it should contain all the data needed to allow reconciliation of those departures.
If you think about this as a
namespace_normalize()
operation, it may make more
sense. In Level 2, that normalization task is left as an exercise
for the reader, but Level 3 is expected to provide a standardized
version.
The DOM assumes that an XML document which is read in is well-formed, since otherwise the XML processor which builds the DOM structure model has to stop with a fatal error, as per the XML specification. However, it is possible to carry out some editing operations using the DOM which would result in a non-WF XML document if the document were to be naively serialized. Examples are allowing "--" in comments, or not fixing up namespace URI / prefix bindings, or allowing the insertion of a character which isn't legal XML. If the document is serialized, the serializer is expected to fix the problem, e.g. by modifying the comment appropriately, or choosing an appropriate character encoding to make the character legal XML. This issue is expected to be resolved in Level 3.
DOM Level 3 provides the attributes
Document.xmlVersion
,
Document.xmlStandalone
and
Document.xmlEncoding
for that effect.
DOM Level 3 provides the method
renameNode()
. Some DOM implementations may have given
it special handling based on that information (like the subclasses
of HTMLElement), so the
Node
being renamed might get destroyed and a new
Node
is be returned.
The child node should be removed from its parent, then
reinserted in the same place, as if the call had actually been
parent.insertBefore(child,child.getNextSibling())
.
Note that this is not considered a usage error; no
DOMexception
is thrown. Nor is it necessarily a "no-op"
even though the document is left unchanged, since the removal and
reinsertion may have side effects -- for example,
MutationEvent
s may be fired, and
NodeIterator
and
Range
fixups may occur.
No! As explained in
section
1.1.8 XML Namespaces, they're different and not
really interoperable. DOM Level 1 methods solely identify attribute
nodes by their
nodeName
while DOM Level 2 methods related to
namespaces, identify attribute nodes by their
namespaceURI
and
localName
. Unless you are writing a pure DOM 1.0
application, don't use the non-namespace-aware version of these
calls.
As mentioned in DOM Level 3, "DOM operations only raise
exceptions in "exceptional" circumstances, [...]
Implementations should raise other exceptions under other
circumstances. For example, implementations should raise an
implementation-dependent exception if a null argument is
passed when null was not expected.", therefore if an
attribute is declared unsigned
, using a
negative should generate an error. Note that the error
itself is not defined and is therefore implementation and
binding dependent.


rotten > Library > History > Y2K
Y2K
Jerry Falwell has devoted at least three televised broadcasts and several articles in his National Liberty Journal to "the Y2K Computer Crisis." Falwell's video A Christian's Guide to the Millennium Bug, which retails for $28, stated: "Y2K may be God's instrument to shake this nation, to humble this nation." Viewers are urged to stockpile food, water, gasoline, and ammunition.
Timeline
| 13 Aug 1999 |
Randy Weaver tells a gun show audience in Kingsport, Tennessee that the federal government is planning to declare martial law no later than January 1, 2000. "I think the government will declare martial law at the first of the year, probably before the first of the year. I think they know they're going to have problems with Y2K and they're going to have riots in the streets if the power goes out in the big cities. Man is about five minutes away from becoming a savage." |
| 1 Jan 2000 |
Y2K. |
Pornopolis |
Rotten |
Faces of Death |
Famous Nudes
|


As of November 2015, the Harrisburg Police Department's transition to a new records management system has caused an interruption in report publishing.


Platform Date Picker is an extension of the Date Picker component present in
fundamental-ngx/core
to work with
Platform Form
.
It keeps the same property and behavior with core Date picker.
Platform specific changes
fundamental-ngx/core Date Picker has been Wrapped up to work with
Platform Form
.


Folders
<Go Back>
File
File
File
File
swapNumbe...emp.js
Folders: 1
Files: 1
Size of all files: 2730 KB


Is
motivated
by the usefulness of technology.
Has a
comprehensive information processing style
.
Has
medium computer self-efficacy
.
Is
risk-averse
when it comes to software.
May
purposefully explore or tinker
, but prefers not to.


|
ActiveTcl User Guide
|
||
option - Add/retrieve window options to/from the option database
option add pattern value ?priority?
option clear
option get window name class
option readfile fileName ?priority?
The option command allows you to add entries to the Tk option database or to retrieve options from the database. The add form of the command adds a new option to the database. Pattern contains the option being specified, and consists of names and/or classes separated by asterisks or dots, in the usual X format. Value contains a text string to associate with pattern; this is the value that will be returned in calls to Tk_GetOption or by invocations of the option get command. If priority is specified, it indicates the priority level for this option (see below for legal values); it defaults to interactive. This command always returns an empty string.
The option clear command clears the option database. Default options (from the RESOURCE_MANAGER property or the .Xdefaults file) will be reloaded automatically the next time an option is added to the database or removed from it. This command always returns an empty string.
The option get command returns the value of the option specified for window under name and class. If several entries in the option database match window, name, and class, then the command returns whichever was created with highest priority level. If there are several matching entries at the same priority level, then it returns whichever entry was most recently entered into the option database. If there are no matching entries, then the empty string is returned.
The readfile form of the command reads fileName, which should have the standard format for an X resource database such as .Xdefaults, and adds all the options specified in that file to the option database. If priority is specified, it indicates the priority level at which to enter the options; priority defaults to interactive.
The priority arguments to the option command are normally specified symbolically using one of the following values:
Any of the above keywords may be abbreviated. In addition, priorities may be specified numerically using integers between 0 and 100, inclusive. The numeric form is probably a bad idea except for new priority levels other than the ones given above.
database, option, priority, retrieve
Copyright © 1990 The Regents of the University of California. Copyright © 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Copyright © 1995-1997 Roger E. Critchlow Jr.


ZU: WARRIORS OF THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN (1983) Chinese with English subtitles. Also called SHU SHAN or SUK SAAN (Translated: 'Suk Mountain')
Rating: 2.5 stars (out of 4.0) ******************************** Key to rating system: 2.0 stars - Debatable 2.5 stars - Some people may like it 3.0 stars - I liked it 3.5 stars - I am biased in favor of the movie 4.0 stars - I felt the movie's impact personally or it stood out ********************************* A Movie Review by David Sunga
Directed by: Tsui Hark Written by: Shui Chung Yuet
Starring: Damian Lau Chung-Yun, Adam Cheng Siu-Chow, Brigitte Lin Ching-Hsia, Samo Hung Kam-Bo, Randy Man, Judy Ong, Tsui Hark
Ingredients: Flying kung fu swordsmen and swordswomen, supernatural monsters, magic weapons
Synopsis: In this Chinese mythological fantasy, I-chen - - a young army private in 16th century China - - gets tired of war, especially a battle which pits uniformed reds, blues, greens, oranges, and yellows all against each other in a pointless conflict. So I-chen sneaks off and becomes the apprentice of superhero kung fu master Sifu Ting.
Unfortunately the superhero world of flying swordsmen and magical weapons turns out to be just as petty and divisive as the normal-powered world.  This is bad news because, due to a lack of cooperation, Sifu Ting, Ice Countess, and the monk get knocked out of commission by the supernatural forces of evil. This leaves the three apprentices (I-chen, the handmaiden, and the monk's assistant) on their own to save the world.
The plot revolves around a big monster that will soon hatch into the ultimate evil, spelling doomsday for the world in only 49 days. Only two magic swords located in a far off borderland can combine into a weapon powerful enough to defeat the coming monster. The three young wannabes must go on a quest, find the magical swords, enlist allies, and save the world from the emergence of evil.
Opinion: While THE PRINCESS BRIDE is one of the few mainstream American sword fighting fairy tales involving comedy, fighting, and some magic, Chinese sword fighting fairy tales are common in Hong Kong film. The difference is, Hong Kong swashbuckling is often more 'over-the-top,' on the order of SPAWN or other comic book fantasies. In ZU: WARRIORS OF THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN people fly around like Superman. In addition, heroes can levitate objects, control the forces of nature, and transfer their powers to others. And they carry swords and shields and have big long sashes and other enchanted weapons that can magically fly, spin, duplicate, and take on a life of their own before returning to the hero's side.
ZU: WARRIORS OF THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN is one of director Tsui Hark's earlier works, before martial arts films had much of a budget - - so you'll easily notice when the camera shot switches to a scale model - - in contrast to the deft visual flair of the rest of the movie. This gives the cinematography a stop-and-go feel.
The wushu fight choreography is good, and the very beginning of ZU: WARRIORS OF THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN features an outstanding and funny war sequence along with some sharp quips on human nature made by the characters. After the great beginning, the plot starts to get a little murky. The characters also become less witty and more cardboard. Soon it becomes confusing keeping track of who is who, as side characters such as Long Brows, Heaven's Blade, and Lady Li-ichi are thrown in. The finale of ZU: WARRIORS OF THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN features lots of flying, but less martial arts.
The bottom line? ZU: WARRIORS OF THE MAGIC MOUNTAIN has a great beginning. The characters aren't too deep, and the plot gets a little murky, but the wushu action content is high, providing entertaining action with little or no bloodshed or body count.
Copyright © 1998 by David Sunga THE CRITIC ZOO: http://www.criticzoo.com email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Published Jul 1, 2020 (Updated Feb 4, 2021) by Ritij Jain • Pinned ⭐
_config.yml
_posts
, add projects in _data/projects.yml
and, customize the main page index.html
bundle exec jekyll serve
to test out the site at localhost:4000
This is the file where configurations affecting the whole site live.
_config.yml
title: Pudhina Fresh # Shown in header on pages with full_logo: true
short_logo: P. # Shown in header on all pages by default unless full_logo: true is set
description: > # The description for your site
A minimal yet feature-rich Jekyll theme made for personal websites and blogs.
url: "https://ritijjain.github.io/pudhina-fresh" # The base hostname & protocol for your site
author:
name: Ritij Jain
github: ritijjain/pudhina-fresh # GitHub username, used for GitHub icon on the top right
linkedin: ritijjain # Your LinkedIn profile url name, used for LinkedIn icon on the top right
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS># Used for email icon on the top right
homepage: https://ritijjain.com # This links to your name in post meta
twitter: # Twitter username, used for Twitter Card Analytics
disqus_name: # Setting this will turn on Disqus comments
g_track_id: # Google Analytics tracking ID (e.g. UA-000000-2), setting this will turn on Google Analytics
rss: true # RSS feed icon on or off
_posts/
_posts/<YYYY-MM-DD-short-title.md>
# Required front matter
layout: post # Posts should use the post layout
title: Content Styles # Post title
date: 2021-02-04 # Publish date in YYYY-MM-DD format
# Recommended front matter
tags: [tag2, tag4] # A list of tags
splash_img_source: /assets/img/photo-1556075798-4825dfaaf498.jpeg # Splash image source, high resolution images with an aspect ratio close to 4:3 recommended
splash_img_caption: A sample splash image with a sample caption. Image by Yancy Min on Unsplash. # Splash image caption
# Optional front matter
updated: 2021-02-05 # Updated date in YYYY-MM-DD format
author:
name: Some Guest Author # Author name, if not provided defaults to site.author.name
homepage: http://example.com # Author link, if not provided defaults to site.author.homepage
pin: false # true if this post must be pinned on top of the page, default is false.
listed: true # false if this post must NOT be included on the posts page, sitemap, and any of the tag pages, default is true
index: true # When false, <meta name="robots" content="noindex"> is added to the page, default is true
_data/projects.yml
.
_data/projects.yml
- name: Project One # Project name, also used as heading
id: p1 # Project id, must be unique amongst the projects
img_src: /assets/img/connectpie-page.png # Optional image
description_less: > # Description shown at all times

This part of the project description is visible at all times.

description_more: > # Description shown only when the project card is expanded

This part is only seen when you click on the project card.

   Repository
   Blog Post
tags: [tag1, tag2] # A list of tags
/tags/<tag name>
.
pages/tags
. Each tag page should include front matter in this format:
pages/tags/<tag name>
title: "Tag: tag1" # This is the page title, could be anything of your choosing
subtitle: "Posts and projects filtered by tag: tag1." # This is the page subtitle, could be anything of your choosing
permalink: /tags/tag1 # This is the page permalink, this should be exactly in this format: /tags/<tag name>
tag: tag1 # Tag name should be consistent across tag page, posts, and projects
tag_style: rgba( 144, 106, 207, 100%) # Tag background color, recommended to use RGBA value
_pages/redirects
.
pages/redirects/<name>.md
permalink: /roll # redirect origin link
redirect_link: "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ" # redirect destination link
Change the content on the footer in _includes/page/about.html
.
Refer to markdown guide basic syntax to learn how to render elements using markdown. It is also possible to directly include HTML components in markdown files.
Jekyll sites are just like any other static websites.
GitHub Pages and Netlify are popular options. Both have a free tier of service.
Current development status is active. If resources allow, fixes will be made as soon as they are found and features will be added as soon as they are deemed fit. Feel free to contribute to Pudhian Fresh by opening a pull request on GitHub.
Feel free to open a new issue on GitHub for questions and comments regarding Pudhina Fresh theme.


|
|
| Car (GameDataRef _data, int car_num) |
| |
|
void | draw_car () |
| |
|
virtual void | init (sf::Vector3f pos) |
| |
|
void | reset () |
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virtual void | update_car (float dt, const std::vector< Line > &lines, float segL)=0 |
| |
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sf::Vector3f | getPosition () const |
| |
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sf::Vector3f | getSpeed () const |
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void | onCollision () |
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int | car_image_num |
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bool | l = false |
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bool | r = false |
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sf::Sprite | sprite |
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GameDataRef | data |
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sf::Vector3f | e_position |
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sf::Vector3f | e_speed |
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sf::Vector3f | e_acceleration |
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sf::Vector3f | e_decleration |
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sf::Vector3f | e_max_speed |
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float | centrifugal = 0.5 |
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float | car_mass =0 |
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float | health = 100 |
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bool | in_use =false |
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The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:
- include/Objects/Car.hpp
- libs/Car.cpp


Croft, Reginald
| Birth Name | Croft, Reginald |
| Gender | male |
| Age at Death | unknown |
Narrative
SMH - CROFT, Reginald, 1 September, 1989, at hospital, late of Brussells St, Granville, dearly loved husband of Alice, loved father & father-in-law of Keith & Dawn, Joyce & Arthur, Jeffrey & Barbara & Allan (dec), devoted grandfather of their children, dear brother of Mary. Aged 76 years.
FUNERAL - of the late REGINALD CROFT of Granville, are invited to attend his service, to be held in Chapel in Rookwood Gardens Crematorium, on Tuesday 5th Sept, 1989 at 11am. Please meet at the Crematorium.
Events
| Event | Date | Place | Description | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth | c1913 | |||
|
|
||||
| Death | 1989-09-01 | late Granville NSW (76yrs) | ||
|
|
||||
| Burial | 1989-09-05 | Rookwood Crematorium, Lidcombe NSW | ||
|
|
Families
Family of Croft, Reginald and Mills, Alice Helen |
|||||||||||||||||
| Married | Wife | Mills, Alice Helen ( * c 1924 + 1998-05-12 ) | |||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Children |
| Name | Birth Date | Death Date |
|---|---|---|
| Croft, Keith married Dawn | c 1950 | |
| Croft, Joyce married Arthur | c 1953 | |
| Croft, Jeffrey Reginald married Barbara | c 1956 | |
| Croft, Allan William | c 1959 | 1987-02-06 |
| Type | Value | Notes | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| _UID | 6624A9BBB58EDA119522C0B8E49B374445AD |
Attributes
| Type | Value | Notes | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| _UID | EFAC9452560D754DBB65D1061ACE9A2241EB |


| Top |
GTlsConnection and related classes provide TLS (Transport Layer Security, previously known as SSL, Secure Sockets Layer) support for gio-based network streams.
In the simplest case, for a client connection, you can just set the “tls” flag on a GSocketClient, and then any connections created by that client will have TLS negotiated automatically, using appropriate default settings, and rejecting any invalid or self-signed certificates (unless you change that default by setting the “tls-validation-flags” property). The returned object will be a GTcpWrapperConnection, which wraps the underlying GTlsClientConnection.
For greater control, you can create your own GTlsClientConnection, wrapping a GSocketConnection (or an arbitrary GIOStream with pollable input and output streams) and then connect to its signals, such as “accept-certificate”, before starting the handshake.
Server-side TLS is similar, using GTlsServerConnection. At the moment, there is no support for automatically wrapping server-side connections in the way GSocketClient does for client-side connections.
An error code used with G_TLS_ERROR
in a GError returned from a
TLS-related routine.
|
No TLS provider is available |
||
|
Miscellaneous TLS error |
||
|
A certificate could not be parsed |
||
|
The TLS handshake failed because the peer does not seem to be a TLS server. |
||
|
The TLS handshake failed because the peer's certificate was not acceptable. |
||
|
The TLS handshake failed because
the server requested a client-side certificate, but none was
provided. See |
||
|
The TLS connection was closed without proper
notice, which may indicate an attack. See
|
Since 2.28
The client authentication mode for a GTlsServerConnection.
Since 2.28
A set of flags describing TLS certification validation. This can be
used to set which validation steps to perform (eg, with
g_tls_client_connection_set_validation_flags()
), or to describe why
a particular certificate was rejected (eg, in
“accept-certificate”).
|
The signing certificate authority is not known. |
||
|
The certificate does not match the expected identity of the site that it was retrieved from. |
||
|
The certificate's activation time is still in the future |
||
|
The certificate has expired |
||
|
The certificate has been revoked according to the GTlsConnection's certificate revocation list. |
||
|
The certificate's algorithm is considered insecure. |
||
|
Some other error occurred validating the certificate |
||
|
the combination of all of the above flags |
Since 2.28


Dash
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{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %}
Comments, questions or suggestions? Feedback is always appreciated, so if you have any, please fill in the form below!
{{message}}
Comments, questions or suggestions? Feedback is always appreciated, so if you have any, please fill in the form below!
{% if message != '' %}{{message}}
{% else %} {% endif %}


HIST 397VW: Mill River Greenway Initiative
10 May 2015 tagged in connecticut river, hist 397vw, mill river, mill river greenway initiative, northampton, pioneer valley, smith college, umass amherstIn my studies, I find it extremely
important for my understanding of a particular topic to be able to connect with
something tangible. This semester, my
Public History Workshop worked with a local organization, the Mill
River Greenway Initiative (MRGI), to develop interpretive panels for an
exhibit. The balance of environmental history lectures and working directly in
the field allowed me to understand and interpret the local history of
Northampton.
For our semester-long project, my class developed this six-panel exhibit to document various aspects of the river’s history. I chose
to work on two sections: the study the racial diversity, reform movements, and
early industry along the Mill River, and the history of floods and civil
engineering.
One of the most important lessons
in working on the first panel was integrating our classwork with other local
organizations. Historic Northampton
and the David Ruggles Center had
already tackled the racial diversity and abolitionist efforts I hoped to
investigate in the panel; Smith College addressed
sericulture and the silk manufacturing business. My partner and I reviewed
these established projects – both for their information and structure – in
order to understand the topics addressed and the language used for an exhibit.
For the civil engineering panel, my
partner and I looked into the historic Mill River flood of 1874, the hurricane
of 1938, and the subsequent diversion of the Mill River in 1940 by the Army
Corps of Engineers. We wanted to investigate how over time, engineers control nature to suit human living patterns by designing and constructing public works projects, like dams and bridges for rivers.
Here are some of the facts I
learned during the course of this project:
- Early industry along the Mill River was a direct
result of the First Industrial Revolution, where dozens of textile mill owners
built along the river to take advantage of its strong flow throughout the year. - Northampton was best known for its involvement
in the silk industry. This Smith exhibit made by Dr. Marjorie Senechal goes
into great detail on some of the processes to make silk. - Known as the “Paradise City,” Northampton became
a haven for reformers pursuing utopian and humanitarian efforts, as they worked
together for social and economic equality and the end of slavery in the United
States. One of these utopian efforts was the Northampton Association for
Education & Industry – you can read
more about that here. - This historic Mill River flood of 1874 was the
first major dam disaster in the United States, with 600 million gallons of
water pouring over the land and destroying everything in its path. - The Mill River was prone to harsh flooding,
especially in the 1930s due to the snowfall of 1936 and the hurricane of 1938.
In order to prevent floodwaters from disrupting life in the Northampton
downtown area, the Army Corps of Engineers came to a solution that diverted the
river away from the center of town.
As our final assignment for the semester,
my class had to present our proposal at a public forum. I found this
opportunity to be a great opportunity, and I appreciated the feedback from
members of the community. Their comments and critiques helped my classmates and
me frame our work and gave us valuable insights into the needs of the
community.
I enjoyed working with John and
Gaby of MRGI. They have lots of ideas for the future of the Initiative and
while they have loads of work moving forward, I hope to see the organization
succeed in bringing people back to the river and establishing the greenway. I
hope that our class’s collaboration with the MRGI has been as valuable for them
as it has been for me, and I can’t wait to see what’s in store for the
semester’s worth of hard work.
Overall, this class served two
purposes. In the first half of the semester, we received a crash course in the
history of the Pioneer Valley, environmental history, and the Connecticut River
watershed. In the second half of the semester, we learned how to apply our
newfound knowledge directly to the Mill River and work with John and Gaby in
creating a presentation of this history. While at times this course required
time and effort, the invaluable practical experience involved taught me the
importance of historic site interpretation and working with a community.


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| Previous Lecture | lect03 Before Slides | lect03 Annotated Slides | Next Lecture |
Code from lecture
https://github.com/ucsb-cs16-s18-mirza/cs16-s18-lectures/tree/master/lec-03
Topics
Github intro
- What is github? How and why we plan to use it in this class
- What is a git repo?
- Creating a github repo and using github’s web interface to store your first program
- Basics - organization, repos
- Using github’s web interface
- creating a repo
- adding files to the repo
- adding collaborators to the repo
- updating files and viewing the version history
-
Show command line usage - but won’t go into too much detail
- Intro to lab01
- For loops are DIFFERENT in C++ than in Python. We’ll discuss.
- Simple accumulator
- For loops, applied to a simple accumulator pattern (find sum of a series)
Working with doubles
- Evaluating expressions with mixed numeric types
- Typecasting int to double
- Formatted output with doubles:
Comment each line of code. What is the output of the code?
int i = 10;
double j = 1/static_cast<double>(i);
cout.setf(ios::fixed);
cout.setf(ios::showpoint);
cout.precision(3);
cout<<j<<endl;
## Practice with single for loops
* Summing a series:
Exercise: Write a program that takes a parameter n as a command line arguments and computes the following:
1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ....+ 1/n
where n is the number of terms in the series. Sample run of the program is below:
$./sumSeries 2
Sum of the first 2 terms is: 1.500
## Nested Loops
ASCII Art with nested loops
Exercise: Write a program to draw a square of a given width Example usage:
$./drawSquare
Enter the width of the square: 5
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
Complete the code below
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void drawSquare(int n); // Function to draw a square of side n
int main(){
// Complete the code below:
cout<<"Enter the width of the square : "
cin>> num;
}
// Write the definition of a function drawSquare that takes one parameter
void drawSquare(int n){
}
Exercise: Write a program to draw a triangle of a given width Example usage:
$./drawTriangle
Enter the width of the triangle: 5
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
Complete the code below
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void drawTriangle(int n); // Function to draw a triangle of side n
int main(){
// Complete the code below:
cout<<"Enter the width of the triangle : "
cin>> num;
}
// Which line of code do you need to modify
void drawTriangle(int n){
for(int j = 0 ; j < n; j++){ //A
for(int i = 0 ; j < n; j++){ //B
cout<<"* "; //C
}
cout<<endl; //D
}
cout<<endl; //E
}
Math Puzzle One of the powers of computing is being able to do a brute-force search for a solution to a problem. Trial and error works just fine for some problems. In fact, computers can be especially good at such problems. Consider this:
Horses cost $10, pigs cost $3, and rabbits are only $0.50. A farmer buys 100 animals for $100, How many of each animal did he buy?
Write a program to do this.


Age of Empires 4 won’t have any microtransactions, will get DLCs and expansions
by John PapadopoulosAge of Empires creative director, Adam Isgreen, revealed at XO19 that Age of Empires 4 will not have any microtransactions. According to Isgreen, microtransactions do not belong in a real-time strategy game. Instead, Age of Empires 4 will have DLCs and expansions.
As Isgreen said:
“The idea of microtransactions in a real-time strategy game isn’t a thing. DLC, expansions – all of that is things that we’re going to be exploring for Age 4.”
The dev team will start conversions with the fans in order to figure out the content of the expansions for Age of Empires 4.
“While we definitely already have ideas in terms of where we want to go past Age 4, in terms of expansions and stuff, a lot of that is going to be driven by the community and the players, where they want to see the game going.”
Thanks PCGamesN


Located on the east coast of the Malaspina Peninsula, just a 10 minute drive from Lund.
Position 49° 59'32"N, 124° 42'40"W (Government dock)
There is a government dock here which has been expanded with the addition of a breakwater. The original dock has 20A power and water, while the new breakwater float does not. Moorage is on first-come basis. There is a toilet and a boat ramp.
There is also a restaurant and accommodation close by.
There are several suitable anchorages in the inlet depending on the wind direction.
One anchorages is just north of the government dock in 6-10 metres. Good holding in sand and mud, with shore access via the public wharf.
About 2nm north of the dock is Penrose Bay. It is exposed to southerly winds, but has plenty of swinging room just south of boats on private moorings. Anchor in in 10-14 metres.
At the head of the inlet is Freke Anchorage. This has reasonable protection from the south and good holding in 12-14 metres over firm mud and sand.
Last updated May 2015.


The following tutorial shows users how to convert a sequenced image stack (saved as a set of numbered images inside a directory) to a quantized version that has 4 tissue types.
Step 1:
Start the MIA application. You should be presented with the blank black canvas like the image below.
Step 2:
Locate the Image I/O pane in the right window. Double-click the resources/
directory. Then double click the test-images/
directory, and finally double-click the brainstack/
directory. The screenshots below show the starting resources/
directory and the ending brainstack/
directory.
Step 3:
Now locate your starting image in the brainstacks folder, double-click on it and then select Load Canvas. For this tutorial we selected mrbrain-8bit052.png
. After clicking Load Canvas you should now see the MIA canvas has loaded the image.
Step 4:
Let's reduce some of the noise. To do this we are going to apply a blur of 3.0. To do this simply enter a value of 3.0 into the Blur pane and click the Apply button. The image below shows the image after applying the blur filter.
Step 5:
Next, we will quantize the image into 4 segmements using the Quantize filter. Locate the Quantize pane and enter a value of 4 for the number of Bins. Then click apply. The image below shows the image after being quantized.
Step 6:
Lastly, we save the edited image to a different directory. I just went back one directory to the resources/test-images/
directory. Notice, I also save the image with a new name that I type in the image textfield: brain-052-new.png
. You can name the file whatever you want, however make sure that it ends with either
.jpg
or .png
. Then click the Save Canvas button. The Image I/O browser should now show the new file that you saved. The image below shows the newly saved file in the Image I/O browser.
You have successfully processed a CT scan using MIA, these steps can be repeated for any other image in brainstack/
.
To start this tutorial you will want a sequenced image stack saved as a set of numbered images inside a directory. This tutorial will use the brainstack directory (located in resources/test-images) but can be applied to any image stack you may want to use. Follow these steps below to complete the task.
Step 1: Open Terminal
Open up a terminal on your computer and move into the project folder. This can be done with the cd command, when you are inside the project directory you are now ready to run the program.
Step 2: Understand using MIA command line mode
When running in command line mode we pass MIA multiple arguments. We first pass it the input files (in our case this will be a directory of images), a filter to use (potentially multiple filters), and the output file (in our case we will make an output directory to store all the created images).
The input files can be accessed with: resources/test-images/brainstack/mrbrain-8bit###.png
The output files will be stored in a directory like so: output/brain-final###.png
The filters that we will use:
blur with amount 5.0, this will slightly blur the image (reduce noise)
quantize with amount 4, sort the resulting image into 4 segments
Step 3: Creating the output
You will need to create an output directory, the terminal command below will create a new directory named "output" inside the project directory:
mkdir output
Step 4: Running the commands
In your terminal the command below can be used to run the filters on all images inside brainstack, the ### is used to grab all images in the directory with the name "mrbrain-8bit followed by 3 digits:
./build/bin/MIA resources/test-images/brainstack/mrbrain-8bit###.png –blur 5.0 -quantize 4 output/brain-final###.png
Step 5: Check out the results
After this command executes, there should be 99 new filtered images inside of the output directory. These images will have been applied a blur/quantize filter. Below are two images, the first is the file mrbrain-8bit058.png (no filtering), the second is brain-final058.png (blur/quantize filtering) hopefully your output looks just like this!
You have successfully processed a CT scan using MIA command line mode.


Select All
Hardmoors
Wolds Way Part 1 (Hull to Pocklington)
Full Wolds Way (Hull to Filey)
Tabular Hills Walk (Hardmoors 160)
Cleveland Way (Lots of times)
Other races
Spine Race (2018)
Liverpool To Leeds Canal Race
Bristol to London (KACR 2018)
White Rose Ultra 100 Miles (Three laps of 30 + a bit)
White Rose Ultra (2022) New Route
Convergence (Malton to Hope)
Lyke Wake Challenge
Meriden to Doncaster (Escape From Meriden 2017)
1066
Arc of Attrition
Peak District 100
South Downs 100
The Line
Exploring
Selby To Leeds
Marsden to Hebden Bridge along canals
Leeds to York (Aire and Calder Navigation)
3 Peaks
Edale Skyline
Minster Way (Pocklington to York)
Wetherby To York (Home from work)
Foss Walk
Ebor Way (Ilkley to York section)
Dales High way to Skipton loop
Harrogate Ringway (Clockwise)
Hadrian's Wall Day 1
Hadrian's Wall Day 2
Harrogate to Leeds via Ilkley Moor
Manchester to Hebden Bridge (Rochdale Canal)
Manchester to Huddersfield (Huddersfield Narrow Canal)
Bridlington to Filey to Scarborough
Trans Pennine Trail
Hornsea to York
York To Doncaster
Doncaster to Meadowhall
Barnsley to Leeds
Barnsley to Stalybridge


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import views.html.components._ @import views.html.components.gds._ @import views.Title @this( mainTemplate: gdsMainTemplate, linkButton: link_button, paragraphBody: paragraphBody, pageTitle: pageTitle ) @()(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages) @mainTemplate(title = Title("uploadError.heading")) {


…tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther…


Qiming HOU
make
./prog < input.json > output.html
View output.html
in a browser.
grep -e '[-?+*/^&|.<>=]' prog.c
(cd ..; ls -lS */prog.c) | \
awk 'BEGIN { print "["; } { print "{\"winner\":\"",$9,"\", \"size\":",$5,"},"} END { print "]"}' \
> ioccc.json
./prog < ioccc.json > ioccc.html
What’s not right with the output? How to fix it?
This entry exhibits a way of obfuscation we haven’t seen before, we think. The rulez of programming in an imperative language are violated, aren’t they?
Try figuring out how to increase the number of different colors, if you can.
Nowadays almost every programmer needs to do some Web chore. With all the open source stuff readily available, often we just need to call a bunch of libraries to generate an HTML page from a JSON feed.
This entry takes such decadence to an extreme. It just calls a bunch of libraries to generate an HTML page from a JSON feed, literally. There is no variable (function parameters included), no operator, no flow control statements except a few decorative returns. In compliance to production coding standards, the code is littered with fashionable jargon, doxygen comment, and license text.
As one would expect from such an approach, this program is much more resource intensive than it should be. And one needs a C99-compatible libc (with the common UNIX stuff) to build this and an HTML5-compatible browser to open the result. And it terminates with an assertion failure, but who cares if the web page is already generated?
© Copyright 1984-2018,
Leo Broukhis, Simon Cooper, Landon Curt Noll
- All rights reserved |


{% extends 'blog/base.html' %} {% load crispy_forms_tags %} {% block title %} New Blog {% endblock %} {% block heading %} Create a New Blog {% endblock %} {% block main %}
* Required. Once you make a post, you CANNOT change or edit it. Make sure to look for and fix any mistakes!


My CS Todo List
This is a list of your to-do items that need to be completed.
Insert new to do item:
Add item
Finish Calculus Excersice 5
Watch OS lecture
Midterm Exam in DS
Delete Selected
Moodle
Go to Site


| Product Details | |
|---|---|
| Product Code |<PHONE_NUMBER>378 |
| Height | 22.7 MM |
| Width | 10.94 MM |
| Product Weight (Approx) | 4.37 GRAM |
| Diamond Details | |
|---|---|
| Total Weight | 0.768 CT |
| Total number of Diamonds | 64 |
| Metal Details | |
|---|---|
Type |
White Gold |
Weight (Approx) |
4.215 GRAM |
| Price Breakup | |
|---|---|
Gold |
RS 9,524/- |
Diamond |
RS 55,154/- |
Making Charge |
RS 5,057/- |
Taxes & Duties |
RS 1542/- |
Total Price |
RS 60,585/- |
|---|


{% extends "global/Page.html" %} {% load otree static %} {% block title %}
Task 2 is an encryption task identical to task 1. The main difference is the way Bonus 2 is calculated. There are two elements to calculate Bonus 2:
If you choose scheme 1, Bonus 2 is calculated using the scores YOU and the OTHER participant get.
Specifically, the payment will be determined by the individual score and half of the sum of both players scores.
Example: YOU scored 10 and the OTHER scored 12 correct words. Half of the sum of
both players’ scores is (10+12) / 2 = 11. Then
If you choose scheme 2, Bonus 2 is calculated differently for the participant with highest score than for
the participant with lowest score. The participants with lowest score will be paid a bonus equal to his
score. The participant with the highest score will be paid a bonus equal to three times his score.
Example: YOU scored 10 and the OTHER scored 12 correct words. The OTHER participant
has the highest score. Then:
At the end of the experiment, you will receive information about the number of words that you and the other participants encrypted correctly.


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Click on a channel name below to connect.
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+++
title = "PhysIKA"
linkTitle = "PhysIKA"
+++
{{< blocks/cover title="Physics-based Interactive Kinematics Architecture" image_anchor="top" height="full" color="orange" >}}
{{< /blocks/cover >}}
{{% blocks/lead %}}
PhysIKA is an open source node-based architecture targeted at real-time simulation of versatile physical materials. Currently, it supports simulating physical phenomena ranging from fluids, elastic objects and fracture, etc. It is higly modualized and can also help the research community develop more novel algorithms.
{{% /blocks/lead %}}
{{< blocks/section color="light" >}}
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{{< blocks/section color="white" >}}
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{{% blocks/feature icon="fa-lightbulb" title="New chair metrics!" %}}
The Goldydocs UI now shows chair size metrics by default.
Please follow this space for updates!
{{% /blocks/feature %}}
{{% blocks/feature icon="fab fa-github" title="Contributions welcome!" url="https://github.com/google/docsy-example" %}}
We do a [Pull Request](https://github.com/google/docsy-example/pulls) contributions workflow on **GitHub**. New users are always welcome!
{{% /blocks/feature %}}
{{% blocks/feature icon="fab fa-twitter" title="Follow us on Twitter!" url="https://twitter.com/docsydocs" %}}
For announcement of latest features etc.
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{{< /blocks/section >}}


The Red Badge of Courage
by Stephen Crane
Chapter 4
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1895
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: United States of America
- Source: Crane, S. (1895) The Red Badge of Courage New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 5.9
- Word Count: 1,300
- Genre: Realism
- Keywords: 19th century literature, american literature
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
The brigade was halted in the fringe of a grove. The men crouched among the trees and pointed their restless guns out at the fields. They tried to look beyond the smoke.
Out of this haze they could see running men. Some shouted information and gestured as the hurried.
The men of the new regiment watched and listened eagerly, while their tongues ran on in gossip of the battle. They mouthed rumors that had flown like birds out of the unknown.
“They say Perry has been driven in with big loss.”
“Yes, Carrott went t’ th’ hospital. He said he was sick. That smart lieutenant is commanding ‘G’ Company. Th’ boys say they won’t be under Carrott no more if they all have t’ desert. They allus knew he was a—”
“Hannises’ batt’ry is took.”
“It ain’t either. I saw Hannises’ batt’ry off on th’ left not more’n fifteen minutes ago.”
“Well—”
“Th’ general, he ses he is goin’ t’ take th’ hull command of th’ 304th when we go inteh action, an’ then he ses we’ll do sech fightin’ as never another one reg’ment done.”
“They say we’re catchin’ it over on th’ left. They say th’ enemy driv’ our line inteh a devil of a swamp an’ took Hannises’ batt’ry.”
“No sech thing. Hannises’ batt’ry was ‘long here ‘bout a minute ago.”
“That young Hasbrouck, he makes a good off’cer. He ain’t afraid ‘a nothin’.”
“I met one of th’ 148th Maine boys an’ he ses his brigade fit th’ hull rebel army fer four hours over on th’ turnpike road an’ killed about five thousand of ‘em. He ses one more sech fight as that an’ th’ war ‘ll be over.”
“Bill wasn’t scared either. No, sir! It wasn’t that. Bill ain’t a-gittin’ scared easy. He was jest mad, that’s what he was. When that feller trod on his hand, he up an’ sed that he was willin’ t’ give his hand t’ his country, but he be dumbed if he was goin’ t’ have every dumb bushwhacker in th’ kentry walkin’ ‘round on it. So he went t’ th’ hospital disregardless of th’ fight. Three fingers was crunched. Th’ dern doctor wanted t’ amputate ‘m, an’ Bill, he raised a heluva row, I hear. He’s a funny feller.”
The din in front swelled to a tremendous chorus. The youth and his fellows were frozen to silence. They could see a flag that tossed in the smoke angrily. Near it were the blurred and agitated forms of troops. There came a turbulent stream of men across the fields. A battery changing position at a frantic gallop scattered the stragglers right and left.
A shell screaming like a storm banshee went over the huddled heads of the reserves. It landed in the grove, and exploding redly flung the brown earth. There was a little shower of pine needles.
Bullets began to whistle among the branches and nip at the trees. Twigs and leaves came sailing down. It was as if a thousand axes, wee and invisible, were being wielded. Many of the men were constantly dodging and ducking their heads.
The lieutenant of the youth’s company was shot in the hand. He began to swear so wondrously that a nervous laugh went along the regimental line. The officer’s profanity sounded conventional. It relieved the tightened senses of the new men. It was as if he had hit his fingers with a tack hammer at home.
He held the wounded member carefully away from his side so that the blood would not drip upon his trousers.
The captain of the company, tucking his sword under his arm, produced a handkerchief and began to bind with it the lieutenant’s wound. And they disputed as to how the binding should be done.
The battle flag in the distance jerked about madly. It seemed to be struggling to free itself from an agony. The billowing smoke was filled with horizontal flashes.
Men rushing swiftly emerged from it. They grew in numbers until it was seen that the whole command was fleeing. The flag suddenly sank down as if dying. Its motion as it fell was a gesture of despair.
Wild yells came from behind the walls of smoke. A sketch in gray and red dissolved into a moblike body of men who galloped like wild horses. The veteran regiments on the right and left of the 304th immediately began to jeer. With the passionate song of the bullets and the banshee shrieks of shells were mingled loud catcalls and bits of facetious advice concerning places of safety.
But the new regiment was breathless with horror. “Gawd! Saunders’s got crushed!” whispered the man at the youth’s elbow. They shrank back and crouched as if compelled to await a flood.
The youth shot a swift glance along the blue ranks of the regiment. The profiles were motionless, carven; and afterward he remembered that the color sergeant was standing with his legs apart, as if he expected to be pushed to the ground.
The following throng went whirling around the flank. Here and there were officers carried along on the stream like exasperated chips. They were striking about them with their swords and with their left fists, punching every head they could reach. They cursed like highwaymen.
 He raged with his head, his arms, and his legs.
Another, the commander of the brigade, was galloping about bawling. His hat was gone and his clothes were awry. He resembled a man who has come from bed to go to a fire. The hoofs of his horse often threatened the heads of the running men, but they scampered with singular fortune. In this rush they were apparently all deaf and blind. They heeded not the largest and longest of the oaths that were thrown at them from all directions.
Frequently over this tumult could be heard the grim jokes of the critical veterans; but the retreating men apparently were not even conscious of the presence of an audience.
The battle reflection that shone for an instant in the faces on the mad current made the youth feel that forceful hands from heaven would not have been able to have held him in place if he could have got intelligent control of his legs.
There was an appalling imprint upon these faces. The struggle in the smoke had pictured an exaggeration of itself on the bleached cheeks and in the eyes wild with one desire.
The sight of this stampede exerted a floodlike force that seemed able to drag sticks and stones and men from the ground. They of the reserves had to hold on. They grew pale and firm, and red and quaking.
The youth achieved one little thought in the midst of this chaos. The composite monster which had caused the other troops to flee had not then appeared. He resolved to get a view of it, and then, he thought he might very likely run better than the best of them.


This is a very simple tool to log the amount of time that passes before a certain event occurs in your life.
The idea is to make this on android so I can put it on my phone and not loose count every time I close the window, but since js is all I know at the moment it will live here for a few days until I get some basic Java in my brain.


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