ITK-MessageHeader-1
| MessageHeader | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 0..* |
| Type | MessageHeader |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.id | |
| Definition |
The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation. Bundles always have an id, though it is usually a generated UUID. |
| MessageHeader.meta | |
| Definition |
The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content may not always be associated with version changes to the resource. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Meta |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.implicitRules | |
| Definition |
A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Uri |
| Is Modifier | True |
| Comments |
Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element as much as possible. |
| MessageHeader.language | |
| Definition |
The base language in which the resource is written. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Binding |
A human language. The codes SHALL be taken from http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47 |
| Type | Code |
| Comments |
Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute). |
| MessageHeader.text | |
| Definition |
A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource, and may be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Narrative |
| Aliases | narrative, html, xhtml, display |
| Comments |
Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. |
| MessageHeader.contained | |
| Definition |
These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope. |
| Control | 0..* |
| Type | Resource |
| Aliases | inline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources |
| Comments |
This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. |
| MessageHeader.extension(ITKMessageHandling) | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 1..* |
| Type | Extension |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.extension(senderReference) | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 0..1 |
| Type | Extension |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.modifierExtension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource, and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Is Modifier | True |
| Aliases | extensions, user content |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.timestamp | |
| Definition |
The time that the message was sent. |
| Control | 1..1 ? |
| Type | Instant |
| Requirements |
Allows limited detection of out-of-order and delayed transmission. Also supports audit. |
| Comments |
Note: This is intended for precisely observed times, typically system logs etc., and not human-reported times - for them, see date and dateTime below. Time zone is always required |
| MessageHeader.event(Document) | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 0..* |
| Binding |
Type of document The codes SHALL be taken from https://fhir.nhs.uk/ValueSet/document-type-1 |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.event.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.event.extension(CareSettingType) | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 1..1 |
| Type | Extension |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.event.system | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 1..* |
| Comments | |
| Fixed Value | https://fhir.nhs.uk/ValueSet/document-type-1 |
| MessageHeader.event.code | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 1..* |
| Binding |
A set of codes to classify the type of document. The codes SHOULD be taken from https://fhir.nhs.uk/ValueSet/document-type-1 ; other codes may be used where these codes are not suitable |
| Comments | |
| Example | 308292007 |
| MessageHeader.event.display | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 1..* |
| Comments | |
| Example | Transfer of care |
| MessageHeader.event(Message) | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 0..* |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.event.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.event.extension | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 0..* |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.event.system | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 1..* |
| Comments | |
| Fixed Value | https://fhir.nhs.uk/ValueSet/document-type-1 |
| MessageHeader.event.code | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 1..* |
| Binding |
A set of codes to classify the type of document. The codes SHOULD be taken from https://fhir.nhs.uk/ValueSet/document-type-1 ; other codes may be used where these codes are not suitable |
| Comments | |
| Example | 308292007 |
| MessageHeader.event.display | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 1..* |
| Comments | |
| Example | Transfer of care |
| MessageHeader.response | |
| Definition |
Information about the message that this message is a response to. Only present if this message is a response. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | BackboneElement |
| Is Modifier | True |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.response.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.response.extension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Aliases | extensions, user content |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.response.modifierExtension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element, and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Is Modifier | True |
| Aliases | extensions, user content, modifiers |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.response.identifier | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 0..* |
| Comments | |
| Example | 5369005e-7d37-414e-b81d-034d11b2e56f |
| MessageHeader.response.code | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 0..* |
| Comments | |
| Example | ok |
| MessageHeader.response.details | |
| Definition |
Full details of any issues found in the message. |
| Control | 0..* |
| Type | OperationOutcome |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.response.details.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.response.details.extension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Aliases | extensions, user content |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.source | |
| Definition |
The source application from which this message originated. |
| Control | 1..1 ? |
| Type | BackboneElement |
| Requirements |
Allows replies, supports audit. |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.source.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.source.extension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Aliases | extensions, user content |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.source.modifierExtension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element, and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Is Modifier | True |
| Aliases | extensions, user content, modifiers |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.source.name | |
| Definition |
Human-readable name for the source system. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Requirements |
May be used to support audit. |
| Comments |
Note that FHIR strings may not exceed 1MB in size |
| MessageHeader.source.software | |
| Definition |
May include configuration or other information useful in debugging. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Requirements |
Supports audit and possibly interface engine behavior. |
| Comments |
Note that FHIR strings may not exceed 1MB in size |
| MessageHeader.source.version | |
| Definition |
Can convey versions of multiple systems in situations where a message passes through multiple hands. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Requirements |
Supports audit and possibly interface engine behavior. |
| Comments |
Note that FHIR strings may not exceed 1MB in size |
| MessageHeader.source.contact | |
| Definition |
An e-mail, phone, website or other contact point to use to resolve issues with message communications. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | ContactPoint |
| Requirements |
Allows escalation of technical issues. |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.source.contact.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.source.contact.extension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Aliases | extensions, user content |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.source.contact.system | |
| Definition |
Telecommunications form for contact point - what communications system is required to make use of the contact. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Binding |
Telecommunications form for contact point The codes SHALL be taken from http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/contact-point-system |
| Type | Code |
| Comments |
Note that FHIR strings may not exceed 1MB in size |
| MessageHeader.source.contact.value | |
| Definition |
The actual contact point details, in a form that is meaningful to the designated communication system (i.e. phone number or email address). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Requirements |
Need to support legacy numbers that are not in a tightly controlled format. |
| Comments |
Additional text data such as phone extension numbers, or notes about use of the contact are sometimes included in the value. |
| MessageHeader.source.contact.use | |
| Definition |
Identifies the purpose for the contact point. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Binding |
Use of contact point The codes SHALL be taken from http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/contact-point-use |
| Type | Code |
| Is Modifier | True |
| Requirements |
Need to track the way a person uses this contact, so a user can choose which is appropriate for their purpose. |
| Comments |
This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old contact etc.for a current/permanent one. Applications can assume that a contact is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old. |
| MessageHeader.source.contact.rank | |
| Definition |
Specifies a preferred order in which to use a set of contacts. Contacts are ranked with lower values coming before higher values. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | PositiveInt |
| Comments |
Note that rank does not necessarily follow the order in which the contacts are represented in the instance. |
| MessageHeader.source.contact.period | |
| Definition |
Time period when the contact point was/is in use. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Period |
| Comments |
This is not a duration - that's a measure of time (a separate type), but a duration that occurs at a fixed value of time. A Period specifies a range of time; the context of use will specify whether the entire range applies (e.g. "the patient was an inpatient of the hospital for this time range") or one value from the range applies (e.g. "give to the patient between these two times"). If duration is required, specify the type as Interval|Duration. |
| MessageHeader.source.contact.period.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.source.contact.period.extension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Aliases | extensions, user content |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.source.contact.period.start | |
| Definition |
The start of the period. The boundary is inclusive. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | DateTime |
| Comments |
If the low element is missing, the meaning is that the low boundary is not known. |
| MessageHeader.source.contact.period.end | |
| Definition |
The end of the period. If the end of the period is missing, it means that the period is ongoing. The start may be in the past, and the end date in the future, which means that period is expected/planned to end at that time. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | DateTime |
| Comments |
The high value includes any matching date/time. i.e. 2012-02-03T10:00:00 is in a period that has a end value of 2012-02-03. |
| MessageHeader.source.endpoint | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 0..* |
| Comments | |
| Example | urn:nhs-uk:addressing:ods:B83019 |
| MessageHeader.destination | |
| Definition |
The destination application which the message is intended for. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | BackboneElement |
| Requirements |
Indicates where message is to be sent for routing purposes. Allows verification of "am I the intended recipient". |
| Comments |
There SHOULD be at least one destination, but in some circumstances, the source system is unaware of any particular destination system. |
| MessageHeader.destination.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.destination.extension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Aliases | extensions, user content |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.destination.modifierExtension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element, and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Is Modifier | True |
| Aliases | extensions, user content, modifiers |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.destination.name | |
| Definition |
Human-readable name for the target system. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Requirements |
May be used for routing of response and/or to support audit. |
| Comments |
Note that FHIR strings may not exceed 1MB in size |
| MessageHeader.destination.target | |
| Definition |
Identifies the target end system in situations where the initial message transmission is to an intermediary system. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Device |
| Requirements |
Supports multi-hop routing. |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.destination.target.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.destination.target.extension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Aliases | extensions, user content |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.destination.target.reference | |
| Definition |
A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Comments |
Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server. |
| MessageHeader.destination.target.display | |
| Definition |
Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Comments |
This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it. |
| MessageHeader.destination.endpoint | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 0..* |
| Comments | |
| Example | urn:nhs-uk:addressing:ods:RHM |
| MessageHeader.enterer | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 0..* |
| Type | https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/StructureDefinition/CareConnect-Practitioner-1 |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.enterer.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.enterer.extension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Aliases | extensions, user content |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.enterer.reference | |
| Definition |
A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Comments |
Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server. |
| MessageHeader.enterer.display | |
| Definition |
Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Comments |
This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it. |
| MessageHeader.author | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 0..* |
| Type | https://fhir.hl7.org.uk/StructureDefinition/CareConnect-Practitioner-1 |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.author.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.author.extension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Aliases | extensions, user content |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.author.reference | |
| Definition |
A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Comments |
Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server. |
| MessageHeader.author.display | |
| Definition |
Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Comments |
This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it. |
| MessageHeader.receiver | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 0..* |
| Type | Choice of: |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.responsible | |
| Definition | |
| Control | 0..* |
| Type | Choice of: |
| Comments | |
| MessageHeader.reason | |
| Definition |
Coded indication of the cause for the event - indicates a reason for the occurrence of the event that is a focus of this message. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Binding |
Reason for event occurrence For example codes, see http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/message-reason-encounter ; other codes may be used where these codes are not suitable |
| Type | CodeableConcept |
| Requirements |
Need to be able to track why resources are being changed and report in the audit log/history of the resource. May affect authorization. |
| Comments |
Not all terminology uses fit this general pattern. In some cases, models should not use CodeableConcept and use Coding directly and provide their own structure for managing text, codings, translations and the relationship between elements and pre- and post-coordination. |
| MessageHeader.reason.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.reason.extension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Aliases | extensions, user content |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.reason.coding | |
| Definition |
A reference to a code defined by a terminology system. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Coding |
| Requirements |
Allows for translations and alternate encodings within a code system. Also supports communication of the same instance to systems requiring different encodings. |
| Comments |
Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labelled as UserSelected = true. |
| MessageHeader.reason.coding.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.reason.coding.extension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Aliases | extensions, user content |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |
| MessageHeader.reason.coding.system | |
| Definition |
The identification of the code system that defines the meaning of the symbol in the code. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Uri |
| Requirements |
Need to be unambiguous about the source of the definition of the symbol. |
| Comments |
The URI may be an OID (urn:oid:...) or a UUID (urn:uuid:...). OIDs and UUIDs SHALL be references to the HL7 OID registry. Otherwise, the URI should come from HL7's list of FHIR defined special URIs or it should de-reference to some definition that establish the system clearly and unambiguously. |
| MessageHeader.reason.coding.version | |
| Definition |
The version of the code system which was used when choosing this code. Note that a well-maintained code system does not need the version reported, because the meaning of codes is consistent across versions. However this cannot consistently be assured. and when the meaning is not guaranteed to be consistent, the version SHOULD be exchanged. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Comments |
Where the terminology does not clearly define what string should be used to identify code system versions, the recommendation is to use the date (expressed in FHIR date format) on which that version was officially published as the version date. |
| MessageHeader.reason.coding.code | |
| Definition |
A symbol in syntax defined by the system. The symbol may be a predefined code or an expression in a syntax defined by the coding system (e.g. post-coordination). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Code |
| Requirements |
Need to refer to a particular code in the system. |
| Comments |
Note that FHIR strings may not exceed 1MB in size |
| MessageHeader.reason.coding.display | |
| Definition |
A representation of the meaning of the code in the system, following the rules of the system. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Requirements |
Need to be able to carry a human-readable meaning of the code for readers that do not know the system. |
| Comments |
Note that FHIR strings may not exceed 1MB in size |
| MessageHeader.reason.coding.userSelected | |
| Definition |
Indicates that this coding was chosen by a user directly - i.e. off a pick list of available items (codes or displays). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Boolean |
| Requirements |
This has been identified as a clinical safety criterium - that this exact system/code pair was chosen explicitly, rather than inferred by the system based on some rules or language processing. |
| Comments |
Amongst a set of alternatives, a directly chosen code is the most appropriate starting point for new translations. There is some ambiguity about what exactly 'directly chosen' implies, and trading partner agreement may be needed to clarify the use of this element and its consequences more completely. |
| MessageHeader.reason.text | |
| Definition |
A human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user. |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | String |
| Requirements |
The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source. |
| Comments |
Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings. |
| MessageHeader.data | |
| Definition |
The actual data of the message - a reference to the root/focus class of the event. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Resource |
| Requirements |
Every message event is about actual data, a single resource, that is identified in the definition of the event, and perhaps some or all linked resources. |
| Comments |
The data is defined where the transaction type is defined. The transaction data is always included in the bundle that is the full message. Only the root resource is specified. The resources it references should be contained in the bundle but are not also listed here. Multiple repetitions are allowed to cater for merges and other situations with multiple focal targets. |
| MessageHeader.data.id | |
| Definition |
unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). |
| Control | 0..1 ? |
| Type | Id |
| Comments |
RFC 4122 |
| MessageHeader.data.extension | |
| Definition |
May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. In order to make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. |
| Control | 0..* ? |
| Type | Extension |
| Aliases | extensions, user content |
| Comments |
There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone. |


Your Symphony installation is up to date, but the installer was still detected. For security reasons, it should be removed. Remove installer?
Authors ›


The following table compares the es6 and es5 style status:
Table 1 - Classes
| ID |
NAME |
| Vessel.js ES5 Version |
Vessel.js ES6 Version |
|
|
The following tables the calculated results:
Table 1 - Wave classes
| Variable |
Expect (ES5) |
New Result |
Status |
Table 2 - Free resistance results
| Variable |
Expect (ES5) |
New Result |
Status |
Table 3 - Propeller calculation results
| Variable |
Expect (ES5) |
New Result |
Status |
Table 4 - Fuel consumption
| Variable |
Expect (ES5) |
New Result |
Status |
Table 5 - Positioning values
| Variable |
Expect (ES5) |
New Result |
Status |


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{% macro render_field(field) %}
{{ field.description|safe }}
{% endif %}It is a violation of our policies to misrepresent your identity or institutional affiliation. Claimed affiliation should be current in the conventional sense: e.g., physical presence, funding, e-mail address, mention on institutional web pages, etc. Misrepresentation of identity or affiliation, for any reason, is possible grounds for immediate and permanent suspension.


Package org.lwjgl.opencl
Class EXTMigrateMemobject
- java.lang.Object
-
- org.lwjgl.opencl.EXTMigrateMemobject
-
public class EXTMigrateMemobject extends java.lang.Object
Native bindings to the ext_migrate_memobject extension.This extension defines a mechanism for assigning which device an OpenCL memory object resides.
-
-
Field Summary
Fields Modifier and Type Field and Description static int
CL_COMMAND_MIGRATE_MEM_OBJECT_EXT
static int
CL_MIGRATE_MEM_OBJECT_HOST_EXT
This flag specifies that the specified set of memory objects are to be migrated to the host, regardless of the target command queue.
-
Method Summary
All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method and Description static int
clEnqueueMigrateMemObjectEXT(long command_queue, PointerBuffer mem_objects, long flags, PointerBuffer event_wait_list, PointerBuffer event)
Provides the application with a way to indicate which device a set of memory objects should be associated.
-
-
-
Field Detail
-
CL_MIGRATE_MEM_OBJECT_HOST_EXT
public static final int CL_MIGRATE_MEM_OBJECT_HOST_EXT
This flag specifies that the specified set of memory objects are to be migrated to the host, regardless of the target command queue.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
CL_COMMAND_MIGRATE_MEM_OBJECT_EXT
public static final int CL_COMMAND_MIGRATE_MEM_OBJECT_EXT
- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
-
Method Detail
-
clEnqueueMigrateMemObjectEXT
public static int clEnqueueMigrateMemObjectEXT(long command_queue, PointerBuffer mem_objects, long flags, PointerBuffer event_wait_list, PointerBuffer event)
Provides the application with a way to indicate which device a set of memory objects should be associated. Typically, memory objects are implicitly migrated to a device for which enqueued commands, using the memory object, are targeted. clEnqueueMigrateMemObjectEXT allows this migration to be explicitly performed ahead of the dependent commands. This permits an application to overlap the placement of memory objects with other unrelated operations. Once the OpenCL event, returned from clEnqueueMigrateMemObject, has been markedCOMPLETE
the memory objects specified inmem_objects
have been successfully migrated to the device associated withcommand_queue
. The migrated memory object shall remain resident on the device until another command is enqueued that either implicitly or explicitly migrates it away. As well, clEnqueueMigrateMemObjectEXT can be used to direct the initial placement of a memory object, after creation, possibly avoiding the initial overhead of instantiating the object on the first enqueued command to use it.The user is responsible for managing the event dependencies, associated with this command, in order to avoid overlapping access to memory objects. Improperly specified event dependencies passed to clEnqueueMigrateMemObject could result in undefined results.
- Parameters:
command_queue
- a valid command queuemem_objects
- the memory objects to migrate to the OpenCL device associated withcommand_queue
flags
- a bitfield that is used to specify migration options. One of:0 MIGRATE_MEM_OBJECT_HOST_EXT
event_wait_list
- a list of events that need to complete before this particular command can be executed. Ifevent_wait_list
isNULL
, then this particular command does not wait on any event to complete. The events specified inevent_wait_list
act as synchronization points. The context associated with events inevent_wait_list
andcommand_queue
must be the same.event
- Returns an event object that identifies this particular command and can be used to query or queue a wait for this particular command to complete.event
can beNULL
in which case it will not be possible for the application to query the status of this command or queue a wait for this command to complete. If theevent_wait_list
and theevent
arguments are notNULL
, the event argument should not refer to an element of theevent_wait_list
array.
-
-


Market Cap: {{ (allcoins | async) | marketCap | number: '2.0-2' }} $ BTC Dominance: {{ (allcoins | async) | btcDominance | number: '2.0-2' }}%
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| # |
Name |
Source |
Market Cap |
Price |
Circulating Supply |
Change (24h) |
Price Graph (7d) |


- Fixed an issue with the Windows version forgetting the mod directory path
- Improved Windows mod directory path detection
- Added additional lookups for default Steam directories for Windows users
- No longer shows a loading screen when there is an error loading a resource - fixes #4
- Fixed chrome sandbox permissions for linux users
- Fixed an issue with parsing input.ini files when the
HistoryBuffer
has invalid ini - fixes #3 and #2
- Fixed an issue with update settings not being saved properly
- Improved performance of mod installer fetching available mods
- Fixed an issue with input.ini modifications
- Adding user lockout when trying to modify mods while mordhau is running
- Added a mod manager for local content
- Added support for input.ini console bindings
- Added option to disable character shadows
- Removed extra tabs on community page
-
Removed Maps Installer functionality since it is
now natively supported within Mordhau
-
Added file logging so reporting issues is easier.
-
See here
for more information
-
Adding checking to prohibit users from taking
certain actions while Mordhau is running
- Fixed some issues with initial setup
- Cleanup map downloads on error or cancel
- Fix announcements duplication bug
- Fixed directory setting storage bug
- Staging auto updating and fixes


For those who missed Amber's little announcement on Facebook: http://aclarkfam.blogspot.com/2010/10/coming-next-april.html
10/3/2010, 1:41:46 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link--- layout: tweet ---
For those who missed Amber's little announcement on Facebook: http://aclarkfam.blogspot.com/2010/10/coming-next-april.html
10/3/2010, 1:41:46 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


AddVehicleWheel()
Syntax
AddVehicleWheel(#Entity, #WheelEntity, ConnectX.f, ConnectY.f, ConnectZ.f, AxisX.f, AxisY.f, AxisZ.f, MaxSuspensionLength.f, WheelRadius.f, TractionWheel, RollInfluence.f)Description
Add a new wheel to a vehicle previous created with CreateVehicle().
Parameters
#Entity The vehicle entity to use. #WheelEntity The entity to use for the wheel. ConnectX, ConnectY, ConnectZ The starting point of the ray, where the suspension connects to the chassis. AxisX, AxisY, AxisZ The axis the wheel rotates around. MaxSuspensionLength The maximum length of the suspension (in meters). WheelRadius Radius of the wheel. TractionWheel If sets to #True, this wheel will be a traction wheel: ApplyVehicleForce() and ApplyVehicleSteering() can be used on it. If sets to #False, no force can be applied to the wheel. RollInfluence Reduces the rolling torque applied from the wheels that cause the vehicle to roll over. (0.0: no roll, 1.0: physical behaviour). If friction is too high, it could be needed to reduce this value to stop the vehicle rolling over.
Return value
None.
See Also
ApplyVehicleBrake(), ApplyVehicleForce(), CreateVehicle()
Supported OS
All


Before Change
def on_loaded(self):
if "files" not in self.options or ("files" in self.options and self.options["files"] is None):
logging.error("AUTO-BACKUP: No files to backup.")
return
if "interval" not in self.options or ("interval" in self.options and self.options["interval"] is None):
logging.error("AUTO-BACKUP: Interval is not set.")
After Change
self.status = StatusFile("/root/.auto-backup")
def on_loaded(self):
for opt in ["files", "interval", "commands", "max_tries"]:
if opt not in self.options or (opt in self.options and self.options[opt] is None):
logging.error(f"AUTO-BACKUP: Option {opt} is not set.")
return
self.ready = True
logging.info("AUTO-BACKUP: Successfully loaded.")
def on_internet_available(self, agent):


{% block custom_head %} {% endblock %}
Scientists co-opt our visual system to convey numerical data in a format that's easily understandable using spatial and color variation to capture details of the underlying data. A “colormap” transforms the set of numbers into a pattern of plotted colors. When done poorly, this transformation introduces well-established visual artifacts and obscures the underlying detail. Furthermore, certain colormaps create images that are inaccessible to readers with anomalous color vision (i.e. colorblindness). Unfortunately, widely-used rainbow colormaps, like "jet", face these issues but are pervasive in the scientific literature. Jetfighter aims to prevent this by detecting problematic colormaps in publicly available pre-print manuscripts and then contacting the authors, if necessary. Explore recently screened manuscripts here, and check out a companion website that provides a solution for published figures, fixthejet.caltech.edu, as well!


| Cash | Plastics | Checks | Debiphone | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retailer-Enabled | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Sending Money away | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Receiving Money from distance | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Transaction Speed | Very Fast | Not so Fast | Slow | Very Fast |
| Cashing Out | Yes | Yes | Sometimes | Yes |
| Limits | Limited | Limited | No Limit | Flexible Limit |
| Confidentiality | Yes | No | No | Flexible |
| Security | No | Weak | Not so Weak | Very High |
| Losing Chance | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| ATM/POS Fees | Yes/No | Yes/Yes | Yes/No | Yes/No |
| Environmentally Safe | No | Yes | No | Yes |


|
upkeeper 1
|
linked list of service identifiers. More...
#include <upk_types.h>
Data Fields | |
| char | pkg [2048] |
| char | name [2048] |
| upk_uuid_t | uuid |
| upk_svcid_t * | next |
linked list of service identifiers.
| char _upk_svcid::name |
service name
Referenced by upk_db_upsert_options(), upk_svc_desc_to_json_obj(), and upk_svcconf_svcid_array_appender().
next, for use in lists
Referenced by upk_db_upsert_options(), and upk_overlay_svcconf_values().
| char _upk_svcid::pkg |
service package-prefix
Referenced by upk_db_upsert_options(), upk_svc_desc_to_json_obj(), and upk_svcconf_svcid_array_appender().
not sure I need this here; but just in case for now


Singapore airline
Singapore Airlines is the flag carrier airline
Emirates
Singapore Airlines is the flag carrier airline
Etihad
Emirates Airlines is the flag carrier airline
Tuxon Shuttle Service
Etihad Airlines is the flag carrier airline
Anchor Bus Services
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Et eaque ratione rem porro, nihil.
Scent Bus Service
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Et eaque ratione rem porro, nihil.


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 2
Dietary
Kids under five can cook this easy fruit pie. You can also use blueberries, blackberries or ripe peaches.
Before cooking, wash your hands and put an apron on. Weigh or measure all the ingredients. Put some baking paper on the baking tray.
Flour your worktop or table with a little plain flour. Shape the pastry in your hands into a rough disc shape. You can turn it on its side and roll it or use the palm of your hands to pat the corners until it is round.
Roll the pastry out, turning the pastry often so that it stays round. It should be about 5mm thick and about 20cm across. Put onto the baking tray.
Sprinkle the centre of the pastry with the oats, leaving space all around – like an island of oats – these will soak up the fruit juices!
Pull the stalks off the cherries and put them into a plastic bag. Bash gently with the rolling pin to split them. Tip the cherries and their juices into the mixing bowl and pick out the stones – be sure to double check that all the stones have been removed. Add one tablespoon of the demerara sugar and a pinch of cinnamon, then stir.
Place the cherries into the middle of the pastry on top of the oats, leaving the edge of the pastry free of fruit. Brush the edge with cherry juice.
Now bring the edges of the pastry up over the cherries and pinch the pastry together to hold it in place. You should still be able to see some of the fruit at the top of the pie. Now brush the pastry with the juice again. Sprinkle a little more sugar on top.
Ask a grown-up to put it in the preheated oven for 20–25 minutes. Serve warm or cold with yoghurt or ice cream.


X11PERFCOMP(1) X11PERFCOMP(1) NAME x11perfcomp - X11 server performance comparison program SYNTAX x11perfcomp [ -r | -ro ] [ -l label_file ] files DESCRIPTION The x11perfcomp program merges the output of several x11perf(1) runs into a nice tabular format. It takes the results in each file, fills in any missing test results if necessary, and for each test shows the objects/second rate of each server. If invoked with the -r or -ro options, it shows the relative performance of each server to the first server. Normally, x11perfcomp uses the first file specified to determine which specific tests it should report on. Some (non-DEC :) servers may fail to perform all tests. In this case, x11perfcomp automatically substitutes in a rate of 0.0 objects/second. Since the first file determines which tests to report on, this file must contain a superset of the tests reported in the other files, else x11perfcomp will fail. You can provide an explicit list of tests to report on by using the -l switch to specify a file of labels. You can create a label file by using the -label option in x11perf. OPTIONS x11perfcomp accepts the options listed below: -r Specifies that the output should also include relative server performance. -ro Specifies that the output should include only relative server performance. -l label_file Specifies a label file to use. X DEFAULTS There are no X defaults used by this program. SEE ALSO X(7), x11perf(1) AUTHORS Mark Moraes wrote the original scripts to compare servers. Joel McCormack just munged them together a bit. X Version 11 x11perf 1.5.4 X11PERFCOMP(1)


This how-to is intended to show how to compile the prplHypervisor with virtualized bare-metal applications on the PIC32MZ2048EFM144 Microchip board without using the MPLABX's compiler or linker scripts.
Install the following software packages on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib sudo apt-get install libc6:i386 libncurses5:i386 libstdc++6:i386 sudo apt-get install libexpat1-dev:i386 sudo apt-get install libX11-dev:i386 sudo apt-get install libXext-dev:i386
Linux64: https://github.com/sergev/pic32prog/blob/master/linux64/pic32prog Linux32: https://github.com/sergev/pic32prog/blob/master/linux32/pic32prog
Download and copy the pic32prog to the prplHypervisor directory that will be created at step 4.1.
The ModemManager software package scans for modems on individual serial ports when they are plugged, e.g. ttyACMx ports. This keep the port busy for several seconds. To avoid this inconvenience uninstall it from your system:
sudo apt-get purge modemmanager.
1) Clone the git repository of the prplHypervisor and make sure you are at master branch:
git clone https://github.com/prplfoundation/prpl-hypervisor git checkout master
2) Use the MPLABX IPE to flash the Microchip_UART.hex to the board. It can be found at the prplHypervisor/bin directory.
3) Go to the platform/pic32mz_starter_kit directory and use the make command to compile the hypervisor with its default configuration using the MIPS-MTI toolchain. This process will generate the firmware.bin file. Such file contains the hypervisor and the VM's code. Example:
~/prplHypervisor/platform/pic32mz_starter_kit$: make gcc -o genconf cfg_reader/genconf.c -lconfig #execute first and exit in case of errors ./genconf samples_cfg/sample-1VM.cfg || (exit 1) blink #execute and export to a makefile variable the ouput of the script mips-mti-elf-gcc -EL -O2 -mtune=m14k -mips32r2 -Wa,-mvirt -mno-check-zero-division -msoft-float -fshort-double -c -ffreestanding -nostdlib -fomit-frame-pointer -G 0 -DETHERNET_SUPPORT -DUSB_SUPPORT -DCPU_SPEED=200000000 -DHYPVERSION="v0.11.27 (g9100f1a)" -I../../arch/mips/pic32mz_starter_kit/include -I../../arch/mips/common/include -I../../sys/lib/include -I../../sys/kernel/include -I../../platform/pic32mz_starter_kit/include \ ../../sys/lib/libc.c \ ../../sys/lib/linkedlist.c \ ../../sys/lib/malloc.c ... mips-mti-elf-size blink.elf text data bss dec hex filename 12248 16 1424 13688 3578 blink.elf make[1]: Saindo do diretório `/home/moratelli/hyper/prpl-hypervisor/bare-metal-apps/apps/blink' ../../scripts/genhex.sh blink 0+1 registros de entrada 1+0 registros de saída 65536 bytes (66 kB) copiados, 0,000635281 s, 103 MB/s 0+1 registros de entrada 1+0 registros de saída 32768 bytes (33 kB) copiados, 0,000245427 s, 134 MB/s
Note: See the main Makefile on the platform/pic32mz_starter_kit directory. You may want to modify the input configuration file (CFG_FILE), CROSS_COMPILER or the optional features. Example:
#Input XML file for VMs configuration CFG_FILE = samples_cfg/sample-1VM.cfg # CROSS Compiler CROSS_COMPILER = mips-mti-elf- # Code generation options - Comment undesired features. ETHERNET = -DETHERNET_SUPPORT -DUSB_SUPPORT
4) Upload the resulting firwarem.hex file to the board using "make load" command. For this, use a second USB cable to connect to the board's UART port.
~/prplHypervisor$: make load stty 115200 raw cs8 -hupcl -parenb -crtscts clocal cread ignpar ignbrk -ixon -ixoff -ixany -brkint -icrnl -imaxbel -opost -onlcr -isig -icanon -iexten -echo -echoe -echok -echoctl -echoke -F /dev/ttyACM0 ./pic32prog -S -d /dev/ttyACM0 firmware.hex Programmer for Microchip PIC32 microcontrollers, Version 2.0.186 Copyright: (C) 2011-2015 Serge Vakulenko Adapter: STK500v2 Bootloader Program area: 1d000000-1d1fffff Processor: Bootloader Flash memory: 2048 kbytes Boot memory: 80 kbytes Data: 131072 bytes Erase: done Program flash: ################################# done Program rate: 6600 bytes per second
5) You can make a cat command to the ttyACM0 dev to see the application output.
=========================================================== prplHypervsior v0.11.26 (g2298a08) [Sep 4 2016, 11:50:12] Copyright (c) 2016, prpl Foundation =========================================================== CPU ID: M5150 ARCH: Microchip Starter Kit SYSCLK: 200MHz Heap size: 32Kbytes Scheduler 1ms VMs: 1 Initializing Physical Processor. Initializing Virtual Machines Creating VCPUs HAL: Ethernet PHY at 0 HAL: Ethernet interface en0: interrupt 153, MAC address d8:80:39:75:a6:1a HAL: Ethernet device is a SMSC LAN8740AConfiguring Timer Starting Hypervisor Execution Timer tick count: 2 Timer tick count: 1001
The prplHypervisor configuration is made through readably configuration files (cfg). During the compilation, the cfg file is read and interpreted to generate the config.h on the platform directory. The directory platform/pic32mz_starter_kit/samples_cfg has some configuration file samples. The cfg files are structured in two main groups: system and virtual_machines. The system group contains system wide configuration, while the virtual_machines group contains the configuration of each VM on the resulting system. The proprierties of each group are detailed bellow.
System group properties description.
| Proprierty | Type | Description | Valid Range |
| debug | Array of strings | Optional list of defines for output messages for debug purposes. | WARNINGS, INFOS, and ERRORS. |
| platform | Proprierty group | Specific platform information | Not applicable. |
| platform.cpu | string | Processor's name description. | Any valid string. |
| platform.platform_str | string | Platform description. | Any valid string. |
| platform.system_clock | integer | Processor's clock in Hertz. | Positive integers |
| uart_speed | integer | UART 2 baudrate. | 115200, 57600 and 9600. Other baudrates may be used. |
| scheduler_quantum_ms | integer | Timer interval in millisecods for the hypervisor scheduler timer (QUANTUM). | Positive integers. |
Example of a valid system configuration.
system = { debug = [ "WARNINGS", "INFOS", "ERRORS"]; platform = { cpu = "M5150"; platform_str = "Microchip Starter Kit"; system_clock = 200000000; }; uart_speed = 115200; scheduler_quantum_ms = 1; };
virtual_machines group proprierties description.
| Proprierty | Type | Description | Valid Range |
| app_name | string | Name of the bare-metal application directory. | Any valid barel-metal app directory. |
| os_type | string | Type of the virtualized OS | BARE_METAL |
| RAM_size_bytes | string | Size of the VM's SRAM | MEM_SIZE_4KB, MEM_SIZE_8KB, MEM_SIZE_16KB, MEM_SIZE_32KB, MEM_SIZE_64KB, MEM_SIZE_128KB and MEM_SIZE_256KB |
| flash_size_bytes | string | Size of the VM's FLASH | MEM_SIZE_4KB, MEM_SIZE_8KB, MEM_SIZE_16KB, MEM_SIZE_32KB, MEM_SIZE_64KB, MEM_SIZE_128KB, MEM_SIZE_256KB, MEM_SIZE_512KB and MEM_SIZE_1MB |
| fast_interrupts | Array of strings | List of associated interrupts. Allows for the hypervisor to fast delivery an interrupt to a VM. | IRQ_ETH |
| device_mapping | Array of strings | List of associated devices for virtualized I/O. | PORTA through PORTK, UART1 through UART6, SPI1 through SPI1 through SP16, PM and AD1. |
| memory_maps | Array of proprierties. | Indicate the VM's memory mapping. | Not applicable. |
| memory_maps.base_addr | integer | Memory mapping base address | Any virtual address. |
| memory_maps.page_size | string | Memory mapping size | MEM_SIZE_4KB, MEM_SIZE_8KB, MEM_SIZE_16KB, MEM_SIZE_32KB, MEM_SIZE_64KB, MEM_SIZE_128KB, MEM_SIZE_256KB, MEM_SIZE_512KB and MEM_SIZE_1MB |
Example of a valid virtual_machine group describing two virtual machines. The blink VM has 32KB of SRAM, 64KB of FLASH and two 4KB pages mapping for peripheral access. The pong VM has 32KB of SRAM and FLASH a 4KB page mapping for peripheral access.
virtual_machines = ( { app_name = "blink"; os_type = "BARE_METAL"; RAM_size_bytes = "MEM_SIZE_32KB"; flash_size_bytes = "MEM_SIZE_64KB"; device_mapping = [ "PORTH", "UART2"]; }, { app_name = "pong"; os_type = "BARE_METAL"; RAM_size_bytes = "MEM_SIZE_32KB"; flash_size_bytes = "MEM_SIZE_32KB"; memory_maps = ({ /* Two 4K page mapping for direct peripheral access. */ base_addr = 0xbf822000; page_size = "MEM_SIZE_4KB"; }, { base_addr = 0xbf860000; page_size = "MEM_SIZE_4KB"; }) } );
To develop new applications move to the ~/prplHypervisor/bare-metal-apps/apps directory and see the blink, ping, pong directories among others examples. Each directory contains the implementation of a bare-metal application. Such applications are compiled, virtualized and executed.
The hypervisor can perform up to 3 bare-metal applications (virtual machines). Each virtual machine has configurable SRAM and FLASH sizes, as explained before. To compile differente bare-metal applications modify the input configuration file in platform/pic32mz_starter_kit/Makefile, as in the following example:
#Input CFG file for VMs configuration CFG_FILE = samples_cfg/sample-1VM.cfg
The easily way to implement a new bare-metal app is to copy the directory of a existing application, for example blink, to a new directory and modifing the implementation. Additionally, to compile different combination of applications see the explation in the Section 5.
The default hypervisor scheduler quantum is ten milliseconds. Thus, each VM will perform during ten milliseconds before to be preempted to the next VM execution. During its execution, the VM will receive timer interrupts each one millisecond.
The implementation of the timer handler at the VM is done in the irq_timer() function.
The prplHypervisor supports Inter-VM communication through message copies from origin to the target VM. The API is simple and consists of the following calls:
int32_t ReceiveMessage(uint32_t *source, char* buffer, uint32_t bufsz, uint32_t block); uint32_t SendMessage(uint32_t target, char* buffer, uint32_t size);
Each VM has an identification number (ID) generated by the hypervisor during its initialization. The ID is attributed following the VM's initialization order. The first initialized VM has ID equal to 1, the second one has ID 2 and so on. The ID is used to identify the VMs during communication. A VM can discovers its on ID calling the hypercall hyp_get_guest_id().
The ReiceveMessage() hypercall returns greater than 0 if a message was received. The data is copied to the buffer limited to bufsz bytes. Zero means no data was received. The SendMessage() hypercall returns the number of bytes sent. Zero or less means error. The possible errors are: MESSAGE_VCPU_NOT_FOUND (destination not found), MESSAGE_FULL (destination queue full), MSSAGE_TOO_BIG (message to big), MESSAGE_VCPU_NOT_INIT (the target VPCU is not ready for communication).
If nonblocking receive is desired, use block equal to zero when calling ReceiveMessage(), otherwise, it will block the application until a message is received.
The application Ping-Pong is an example for inter-VM communication. A message is sent from ping (VM ID 1) to pong (VM ID 2) and back. To compile the Ping-Pong example, it is needed to modify the APP_LIST variable in the main makefile (prplHypervisor/Makefile) to:
APP_LIST= ping pong
The bare-metal application's execution enviroment supports a minimal Unix-like API. The available functions are listeb below:
int8_t *strcpy(int8_t *dst, const int8_t *src); int8_t *strncpy(int8_t *s1, int8_t *s2, int32_t n); int8_t *strcat(int8_t *dst, const int8_t *src); int8_t *strncat(int8_t *s1, int8_t *s2, int32_t n); int32_t strcmp(const int8_t *s1, const int8_t *s2); int32_t strncmp(int8_t *s1, int8_t *s2, int32_t n); int8_t *strstr(const int8_t *string, const int8_t *find); int32_t strlen(const int8_t *s); int8_t *strchr(const int8_t *s, int32_t c); int8_t *strpbrk(int8_t *str, int8_t *set); int8_t *strsep(int8_t **pp, int8_t *delim); int8_t *strtok(int8_t *s, const int8_t *delim); void *memcpy(void *dst, const void *src, uint32_t n); void *memmove(void *dst, const void *src, uint32_t n); int32_t memcmp(const void *cs, const void *ct, uint32_t n); void *memset(void *s, int32_t c, uint32_t n); int32_t strtol(const int8_t *s, int8_t **end, int32_t base); int32_t atoi(const int8_t *s); int8_t *itoa(int32_t i, int8_t *s, int32_t base); int32_t puts(const int8_t *str); int8_t *gets(int8_t *s); int32_t abs(int32_t n); int32_t random(void); void srand(uint32_t seed); int printf(const int8_t *fmt, ...); int sprintf(int8_t *out, const int8_t *fmt, ...); void udelay(uint32_t usec); void putchar(int32_t value); uint32_t getchar(void);
I/O calls, like printf() or getchar() will assume by default the UART2 port (J11 connector). However, the application on a VM can choose to write to the UART6 (PIN 12 TX and PIN 11 RX of the 40 pin connector ). To this use the following call:
int32_t serial_select(uint32_t serial_number);
Use the defined parameters UART2 and UART6 to select each one of the UARTs. If the guest if configured with the proprierty device_mapping the UART access is throught virtualized I/O. Otherwise, it is needed to mapped a memory area using memory_maps proprierty for directy memory access.
For a complete guest memory space separation use the proprierty device_mapping to describe which peripherals the guest can access through virtualized I/O. On the guest, use read()/write() calls for peripheral acess. For example:
uint32_t v; write(TRISHCLR, 1); v = read(LATD);


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The Red Badge of Courage
by Stephen Crane
Chapter 1
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1895
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: United States of America
- Source: Crane, S. (1895) The Red Badge of Courage New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 5.9
- Word Count: 4,033
- Genre: Realism
- Keywords: 19th century literature, american literature
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
The cold passed reluctantly from the earth, and the retiring fogs revealed an army stretched out on the hills, resting. As the landscape changed from brown to green, the army awakened, and began to tremble with eagerness at the noise of rumors. It cast its eyes upon the roads, which were growing from long troughs of liquid mud to proper thoroughfares. A river, amber-tinted in the shadow of its banks, purled at the army’s feet; and at night, when the stream had become of a sorrowful blackness, one could see across it the red, eyelike gleam of hostile camp-fires set in the low brows of distant hills.
Once a certain tall soldier developed virtues and went resolutely to wash a shirt. He came flying back from a brook waving his garment bannerlike. He was swelled with a tale he had heard from a reliable friend, who had heard it from a truthful cavalryman, who had heard it from his trustworthy brother, one of the orderlies at division headquarters. He adopted the important air of a herald in red and gold.
“We’re goin’ t’ move t’morrah—sure,” he said pompously to a group in the company street. “We’re goin’ ‘way up the river, cut across, an’ come around in behint ‘em.”
To his attentive audience he drew a loud and elaborate plan of a very brilliant campaign. When he had finished, the blue-clothed men scattered into small arguing groups between the rows of squat brown huts.  He sat mournfully down. Smoke drifted lazily from a multitude of quaint chimneys.
“It’s a lie! that’s all it is—a thunderin’ lie!” said another private loudly. His smooth face was flushed, and his hands were thrust sulkily into his trouser’s pockets. He took the matter as an affront to him. “I don’t believe the derned old army’s ever going to move. We’re set. I’ve got ready to move eight times in the last two weeks, and we ain’t moved yet.”
The tall soldier felT called upon to defend the truth of a rumor he himself had introduced. He and the loud one came near to fighting over it.
A corporal began to swear before the assemblage. He had just put a costly board floor in his house, he said. During the early spring he had refrained from adding extensively to the comfort of his environment because he had felt that the army might start on the march at any moment. Of late, however, he had been impressed that they were in a sort of eternal camp.
Many of the men engaged in a spirited debate. One outlined in a peculiarly lucid manner all the plans of the commanding general. He was opposed by men who advocated that there were other plans of campaign. They clamored at each other, numbers making futile bids for the popular attention. Meanwhile, the soldier who had fetched the rumor bustled about with much importance. He was continually assailed by questions.
“What’s up, Jim?”
“Th’army’s goin’ t’ move.”
“Ah, what yeh talkin’ about? How yeh know it is?”
“Well, yeh kin b’lieve me er not, jest as yeh like. I don’t care a hang.”
There was much food for thought in the manner in which he replied. He came near to convincing them by disdaining to produce proofs. They grew much excited over it.
There was a youthful private who listened with eager ears to the words of the tall soldier and to the varied comments of his comrades. After receiving a fill of discussions concerning marches and attacks, he went to his hut and crawled through an intricate hole that served it as a door. He wished to be alone with some new thoughts that had lately come to him.
He lay down on a wide bunk that stretched across the end of the room. In the other end, cracker boxes were made to serve as furniture. They were grouped about the fireplace. A picture from an illustrated weekly was upon the log walls, and three rifles were paralleled on pegs.  A folded tent was serving as a roof. The sunlight, without, beating upon it, made it glow a light yellow shade. A small window shot an oblique square of whiter light upon the cluttered floor. The smoke from the fire at times neglected the clay chimney and wreathed into the room, and this flimsy chimney of clay and sticks made endless threats to set ablaze the whole establishment.
The youth was in a little trance of astonishment. So they were at last going to fight. On the morrow, perhaps, there would be a battle, and he would be in it. For a time he was obliged to labor to make himself believe. He could not accept with assurance an omen that he was about to mingle in one of those great affairs of the earth.
 In visions he had seen himself in many struggles. He had imagined peoples secure in the shadow of his eagle-eyed prowess. But awake he had regarded battles as crimson blotches on the pages of the past. He had put them as things of the bygone with his thought-images of heavy crowns and high castles. There was a portion of the world’s history which he had regarded as the time of wars, but it, he thought, had been long gone over the horizon and had disappeared forever.
From his home his youthful eyes had looked upon the war in his own country with distrust. It must be some sort of a play affair. He had long despaired of witnessing a Greeklike struggle. Such would be no more, he had said. Men were better, or more timid. Secular and religious education had effaced the throat-grappling instinct, or else firm finance held in check the passions.
He had burned several times to enlist. Tales of great movements shook the land. They might not be distinctly Homeric, but there seemed to be much glory in them. He had read of marches, sieges, conflicts, and he had longed to see it all. His busy mind had drawn for him large pictures extravagant in color, lurid with breathless deeds.
But his mother had discouraged him. She had affected to look with some contempt upon the quality of his war ardor and patriotism. She could calmly seat herself and with no apparent difficulty give him many hundreds of reasons why he was of vastly more importance on the farm than on the field of battle. She had had certain ways of expression that told him that her statements on the subject came from a deep conviction. Moreover, on her side, was his belief that her ethical motive in the argument was impregnable.
At last, however, he had made firm rebellion against this yellow light thrown upon the color of his ambitions. The newspapers, the gossip of the village, his own picturings, had aroused him to an uncheckable degree. They were in truth fighting finely down there. Almost every day the newspaper printed accounts of a decisive victory.
One night, as he lay in bed, the winds had carried to him the clangoring of the church bell as some enthusiast jerked the rope frantically to tell the twisted news of a great battle. This voice of the people rejoicing in the night had made him shiver in a prolonged ecstasy of excitement.   There was an end to the matter for that night.
Nevertheless, the next morning he had gone to a town that was near his mother’s farm and had enlisted in a company that was forming there. When he had returned home his mother was milking the brindle cow. Four others stood waiting. “Ma, I’ve enlisted,” he had said to her diffidently. There was a short silence. “The Lord’s will be done, Henry,” she had finally replied, and had then continued to milk the brindle cow.
When he had stood in the doorway with his soldier’s clothes on his back, and with the light of excitement and expectancy in his eyes almost defeating the glow of regret for the home bonds, he had seen two tears leaving their trails on his mother’s scarred cheeks.
Still, she had disappointed him by saying nothing whatever about returning with his shield or on it. He had privately primed himself for a beautiful scene. He had prepared certain sentences which he thought could be used with touching effect. But her words destroyed his plans. She had doggedly peeled potatoes and addressed him as follows: “You watch out, Henry, an’ take good care of yerself in this here fighting business—you watch, an’ take good care of yerself.  Yer jest one little feller amongst a hull lot of others, and yeh’ve got to keep quiet an’ do what they tell yeh. I know how you are, Henry.
“I’ve knet yeh eight pair of socks, Henry, and I’ve put in all yer best shirts, because I want my boy to be jest as warm and comf’able as anybody in the army. Whenever they get holes in ‘em, I want yeh to send ‘em right-away back to me, so’s I kin dern ‘em.
“An’ allus be careful an’ choose yer comp’ny. There’s lots of bad men in the army, Henry. The army makes ‘em wild, and they like nothing better than the job of leading off a young feller like you, as ain’t never been away from home much and has allus had a mother, an’ a-learning ‘em to drink and swear. Keep clear of them folks, Henry. I don’t want yeh to ever do anything, Henry, that yeh would be ‘shamed to let me know about. Jest think as if I was a-watchin’ yeh. If yeh keep that in yer mind allus, I guess yeh’ll come out about right.
“Yeh must allus remember yer father, too, child, an’ remember he never drunk a drop of licker in his life, and seldom swore a cross oath.
“I don’t know what else to tell yeh, Henry, excepting that yeh must never do no shirking, child, on my account. If so be a time comes when yeh have to be kilt of do a mean thing, why, Henry, don’t think of anything ‘cept what’s right, because there’s many a woman has to bear up ‘ginst sech things these times, and the Lord ‘ll take keer of us all.
“Don’t forgit about the socks and the shirts, child; and I’ve put a cup of blackberry jam with yer bundle, because I know yeh like it above all things. Good-by, Henry. Watch out, and be a good boy.”
He had, of course, been impatient under the ordeal of this speech. It had not been quite what he expected, and he had borne it with an air of irritation. He departed feeling vague relief.
Still, when he had looked back from the gate, he had seen his mother kneeling among the potato parings. Her brown face, upraised, was stained with tears, and her spare form was quivering. He bowed his head and went on, feeling suddenly ashamed of his purposes.
From his home he had gone to the seminary to bid adieu to many schoolmates. They had thronged about him with wonder and admiration. He had felt the gulf now between them and had swelled with calm pride. He and some of his fellows who had donned blue were quite overwhelmed with privileges for all of one afternoon, and it had been a very delicious thing. They had strutted.
A certain light-haired girl had made vivacious fun at his martial spirit, but there was another and darker girl whom he had gazed at steadfastly, and he thought she grew demure and sad at sight of his blue and brass. As he had walked down the path between the rows of oaks, he had turned his head and detected her at a window watching his departure. As he perceived her, she had immediately begun to stare up through the high tree branches at the sky. He had seen a good deal of flurry and haste in her movement as she changed her attitude. He often thought of it.
On the way to Washington his spirit had soared. The regiment was fed and caressed at station after station until the youth had believed that he must be a hero. There was a lavish expenditure of bread and cold meats, coffee, and pickles and cheese. As he basked in the smiles of the girls and was patted and complimented by the old men, he had felt growing within him the strength to do mighty deeds of arms.
After complicated journeyings with many pauses, there had come months of monotonous life in a camp. He had had the belief that real war was a series of death struggles with small time in between for sleep and meals; but since his regiment had come to the field the army had done little but sit still and try to keep warm.
He was brought then gradually back to his old ideas. Greeklike struggles would be no more. Men were better, or more timid. Secular and religious education had effaced the throat-grappling instinct, or else firm finance held in check the passions.
He had grown to regard himself merely as a part of a vast blue demonstration. His province was to look out, as far as he could, for his personal comfort. For recreation he could twiddle his thumbs and speculate on the thoughts which must agitate the minds of the generals. Also, he was drilled and drilled and reviewed, and drilled and drilled and reviewed.
The only foes he had seen were some pickets along the river bank. They were a sun-tanned, philosophical lot, who sometimes shot reflectively at the blue pickets. When reproached for this afterward, they usually expressed sorrow, and swore by their gods that the guns had exploded without their permission. The youth, on guard duty one night, conversed across the stream with one of them. He was a slightly ragged man, who spat skillfully between his shoes and possessed a great fund of bland and infantile assurance. The youth liked him personally.
“Yank,” the other had informed him, “yer a right dum good feller.” This sentiment, floating to him upon the still air, had made him temporarily regret war.
Various veterans had told him tales. Some talked of gray, bewhiskered hordes who were advancing with relentless curses and chewing tobacco with unspeakable valor; tremendous bodies of fierce soldiery who were sweeping along like the Huns. Others spoke of tattered and eternally hungry men who fired despondent powders. “They’ll charge through hell’s fire an’ brimstone t’ git a holt on a haversack, an’ sech stomachs ain’t a’lastin’ long,” he was told. From the stories, the youth imagined the red, live bones sticking out through slits in the faded uniforms.
Still, he could not put a whole faith in veteran’s tales, for recruits were their prey. They talked much of smoke, fire, and blood, but he could not tell how much might be lies. They persistently yelled “Fresh fish!” at him, and were in no wise to be trusted.
However, he perceived now that it did not greatly matter what kind of soldiers he was going to fight, so long as they fought, which fact no one disputed. There was a more serious problem. He lay in his bunk pondering upon it. He tried to mathematically prove to himself that he would not run from a battle.
Previously he had never felt obliged to wrestle too seriously with this question. In his life he had taken certain things for granted, never challenging his belief in ultimate success, and bothering little about means and roads. But here he was confronted with a thing of moment. It had suddenly appeared to him that perhaps in a battle he might run. He was forced to admit that as far as war was concerned he knew nothing of himself.
A sufficient time before he would have allowed the problem to kick its heels at the outer portals of his mind, but now he felt compelled to give serious attention to it.
 As his imagination went forward to a fight, he saw hideous possibilities. He contemplated the lurking menaces of the future, and failed in an effort to see himself standing stoutly in the midst of them. He recalled his visions of broken-bladed glory, but in the shadow of the impending tumult he suspected them to be impossible pictures.
He sprang from the bunk and began to pace nervously to and fro. “Good Lord, what’s th’ matter with me?” he said aloud.
He felt that in this crisis his laws of life were useless. Whatever he had learned of himself was here of no avail. He was an unknown quantity. He saw that he would again be obliged to experiment as he had in early youth. He must accumulate information of himself, and meanwhile he resolved to remain close upon his guard lest those qualities of which he knew nothing should everlastingly disgrace him. “Good Lord!” he repeated in dismay.
After a time the tall soldier slid dexterously through the hole. The loud private followed. They were wrangling.
“That’s all right,” said the tall soldier as he entered. He waved his hand expressively. “You can believe me or not, jest as you like.  Then pretty soon you’ll find out I was right.”
His comrade grunted stubbornly. For a moment he seemed to be searching for a formidable reply. Finally he said: “Well, you don’t know everything in the world, do you?”
“Didn’t say I knew everything in the world,” retorted the other sharply. He began to stow various articles snugly into his knapsack.
The youth, pausing in his nervous walk, looked down at the busy figure. “Going to be a battle, sure, is there, Jim?” he asked.
“Of course there is,” replied the tall soldier. “Of course there is. You jest wait ‘til to-morrow, and you’ll see one of the biggest battles ever was. You jest wait.”
“Thunder!” said the youth.
“Oh, you’ll see fighting this time, my boy, what’ll be regular out-and-out fighting,” added the tall soldier, with the air of a man who is about to exhibit a battle for the benefit of his friends.
“Huh!” said the loud one from a corner.
“Well,” remarked the youth, “like as not this story’ll turn out jest like them others did.”
“Not much it won’t,” replied the tall soldier, exasperated. “Not much it won’t. Didn’t the cavalry all start this morning?” He glared about him. No one denied his statement. “The cavalry started this morning,” he continued. “They say there ain’t hardly any cavalry left in camp. They’re going to Richmond, or some place, while we fight all the Johnnies. It’s some dodge like that. The regiment’s got orders, too. A feller what seen ‘em go to headquarters told me a little while ago. And they’re raising blazes all over camp—anybody can see that.”
“Shucks!” said the loud one.
The youth remained silent for a time. At last he spoke to the tall soldier. “Jim!”
“What?”
“How do you think the reg’ment ‘ll do?”
“Oh, they’ll fight all right, I guess, after they once get into it,” said the other with cold judgment. He made a fine use of the third person. “There’s been heaps of fun poked at ‘em because they’re new, of course, and all that; but they’ll fight all right, I guess.”
“Think any of the boys ‘ll run?” persisted the youth.
“Oh, there may be a few of ‘em run, but there’s them kind in every regiment, ‘specially when they first goes under fire,” said the other in a tolerant way. “Of course it might happen that the hull kit-and-boodle might start and run, if some big fighting came first-off, and then again they might stay and fight like fun. But you can’t bet on nothing. Of course they ain’t never been under fire yet, and it ain’t likely they’ll lick the hull rebel army all-to-oncet the first time; but I think they’ll fight better than some, if worse than others. That’s the way I figger. They call the reg’ment ‘Fresh fish’ and everything; but the boys come of good stock, and most of ‘em ‘ll fight like sin after they oncet git shootin’,” he added, with a mighty emphasis on the last four words.
“Oh, you think you know—” began the loud soldier with scorn.
The other turned savagely upon him. They had a rapid altercation, in which they fastened upon each other various strange epithets.
The youth at last interrupted them. “Did you ever think you might run yourself, Jim?” he asked. On concluding the sentence he laughed as if he had meant to aim a joke. The loud soldier also giggled.
The tall private waved his hand. “Well”, said he profoundly, “I’ve thought it might get too hot for Jim Conklin in some of them scrimmages, and if a whole lot of boys started and run, why, I s’pose I’d start and run. And if I once started to run, I’d run like the devil, and no mistake. But if everybody was a-standing and a-fighting, why, I’d stand and fight. Be jiminey, I would. I’ll bet on it.”
“Huh!” said the loud one.
The youth of this tale felt gratitude for these words of his comrade. He had feared that all of the untried men possessed great and correct confidence. He now was in a measure reassured.


vignettes/installation_issues.Rmd
installation_issues.Rmd
If this is the first time you build and install an R package you can follow this link, which has simple installation instructions for Windows, Mac OSX and Linux.
To specifically install the command-line tools of Xcode for Mac OSX you might also need to run this line in terminal:
If you see this error on your MacOS:
You can install another clang and point R to use that clang, which supports the -fopenmp paramter. This solution was provided on stackoverflow
# comment out first line 'CC= ... if there are errors with compiling a package
CC=/usr/local/opt/llvm/bin/clang -fopenmp
CXX=/usr/local/opt/llvm/bin/clang++
# Also potentially CXX11 (for C++11 compiler)
CXX11=/usr/local/opt/llvm/bin/clang++
# -O3 should be faster than -O2 (default) level optimisation ..
CFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall -pedantic -std=gnu99 -mtune=native -pipe
CXXFLAGS=-g -O3 -Wall -pedantic -std=c++11 -mtune=native -pipe
LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/opt/gettext/lib -L/usr/local/opt/llvm/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/llvm/lib
CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/opt/gettext/include -I/usr/local/opt/llvm/include
If you see this error on your MacOS, most likely with the macOS Mojave:
Error message:
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/gfortran/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin15/6.1.0'
ld: warning: directory not found for option '-L/usr/local/gfortran/lib'
ld: library not found for -lgfortran
clang-9: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
solution: Installing the latest version of gofortran. https://github.com/fxcoudert/gfortran-for-macOS/releases/download/8.2/gfortran-8.2-Mojave.dmg
Reference: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35999874/mac-os-x-r-error-ld-warning-directory-not-found-for-option “I am having Mac OS Catalina and in my case installation of Homebrew, the newest gcc and Gfortran 8.2.0 solved the issue.” – Magda Orzechowska “This worked for me in Mac OS Catalina as well! I used the gfortran 8.2 Mojave installation github.com/fxcoudert/gfortran-for-macOS/releases” – Danny
If you use the latest MacOS ‘Catalina’ and the latest R version 3.6.3 then you need to install Clang 7.0.0 and GNU Fortran 6.1 as per instructions.
Additionally, you might have to specify some flags in “~/.R/Makevars”
# clang: start
CFLAGS=-isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk
CCFLAGS=-isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk
CXXFLAGS=-isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk
CPPFLAGS=-isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk
# clang: end
We hope that these issues will be resolved soon.
If you encounter this error:
Error in system(cmd) : (converted from warning) ‘make’ not found
Solution:
Install the necessary package development tools.
## make sure Rtools is visible (from within R) ## you can set the paths manually Sys.setenv(PATH = paste("C:/Rtools/bin","C:/Rtools/mingw_64/bin", Sys.getenv("PATH"), sep=";")) Sys.setenv(BINPREF = "C:/Rtools/mingw_$(WIN)/bin/")
If you encounter this or similar error:
Error: Failed to install 'Giotto' from GitHub: (converted from warning) ...
## avoid converting warnings to errors by setting this environment variable to true (from within R) Sys.setenv("R_REMOTES_NO_ERRORS_FROM_WARNINGS"=TRUE) library(devtools) # if not installed do install.package('devtools') library(remotes) # if not installed do install.package('remotes') remotes::install_github("RubD/Giotto", build_vignettes = F)


Removing a Deleted SuperUser Account
How to remove a "soft" deleted SuperUser account using SuperUser User Accounts module. This removes all information related to this account from the database.
- Navigate to Host > Advanced Settings > SuperUser Accounts.
- Find the user to be deleted using a filter or by searching.
- Click the Remove button beside their record. This displays the message "Are You Sure You Wish To Remove This Item?"
-
Click the OK button to confirm.


Hello there! I'm Sebastià López, and I am a member of the Coding Team of this project.
Most of my work has been put on the engine (also known by the team as "The Boiler Room") and I've found my place in there. During this project, I've realised I really like Engine programming and it's what I will probably focus on my coding career.
My contributions on the project are mostly centered on the Graphics pipeline of the engine.
To summarize, here's a list of things I've contributed with.
For the Material System I've created a layout similar to Unity.
Every material must have a Shader, chosen from the list of shaders that are available. The choosen shader will dictate what Inputs that material can take, such as textures, colors, or other variables needed.
The initial basic default shader that I created (and later on evolved) had the lighting calculation and also had the three main texture maps:
In the default shader, I applyed a Fog visual effect, that "blends" every pixel of the screen, with the background color of the camera, depending of that pixel's distance from the camera.
To customize this effect, you can modify the blending values, defined by the Density of the fog and the Gradient in which it fades through the distance. You can also modify the background color.
The first time I "stepped" out of the Engine was to program a Script for fog zones that can be added to any level. I created it with the idea of mimmicking the feeling when you enter a fog zone, in which the density rises progressively as you advance through the fog.
The script could be customized by two radius, in which the camera would interpolate the wanted values from the outter radius to the inner radius. The script can also set the camera background color.
I've also improved the drawing ordering to make sure the transparencies worked correctly. At first, the objects where draw from far to near. Later, we realised we had some situations (like the one seen in the GIF) that needed more than that.
The next step was to introduce the concept of Render Mode to the material system. It had to options: Transparent or Opaque. When drawing the scene, now we draw opaques objects from far to near, and later, the transparents ones from far to near aswell.
I created the first iteration of the default shader (later on it evolved with the contribution of multiple members) in which I implemented the Phong Lighting Model.
At this point, we only had one texture input and one color input.
After implementing the default shader with the lighting calculations, and we started to get a higher number of objects in the scene, we had performance troubles when rendering the scene.
Arrived at this point, I researched about possible optimizations that can be done in the rendering pipeline and the one that more popped off was the shader batching. Since binding/chaning shaders is really costly, it would reduce a lot our ms.
The shader bathing consisted of batching together all the objects that used the same shader. With this, I also discovered that we could also save tons of ms in uniform passing.
We didn't need to pass all the light information for each object, which was really expensive.
It ended up being a double optimization. In the pictures above, you can see the white rectangles describe the uniform passing cost. In the first image, is repeated for each object, and the second one is only passed once.
Finally, I implemented a Post-Processing Pipeline that allowed me to apply some effects to the scene that we have rendered. This pipeline, doesn't affect the UI, as we had UI-InGame world that we didn't want to get interfered by the post-processing.
The first feature I introduced was the High Dynamic Range (HDR) image. In which the objects rendered have a wider range of color to be displayed with. This has many tricks with ilumination since darker parts will be seen better, and brighter parts, won't bleed as much.
Here we can see how the Exposure can be modified to achieve desired results depending on the lighting we have on the scene.
And last, but not least. I implemented the Bloom or Emissive effect. This post-processing feature blurs the texture with brighter parts of the rendered scene, so it appears they emit some kind of light.
The value of brighter segments of the scene, can be modifyed by a factor, so you can choose what threshold of bright pixels will be blurred.
Here you can see the bright part of the scene, blurred and blended into the original scene.


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FIELD
MUSEUM
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NATURAL
HISTORY.
PLANTS
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1619064
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


An introduction to workplace wellbeing for employers and HR professionals. Find out about the issues and research, and get some ideas to improve wellbeing in your workplace.
Download the white paper (PDF)


Season:
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bird
Team A choices
fish: 50%
bird: 50%
Your team:
Your points:
fish
Team B choices
fish: 50%
bird: 50%


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{% load i18n %}
{% blocktranslate trimmed %} Disabled fields have conflicting values, and will be ignored until edited. Editing these will overwrite to the new value. Use the Don't Change button to discard edits and keep original value(s) for a field. Use the Clear Value button to remove metadata. {% endblocktranslate %}