Class BtcFormat.Builder
- java.lang.Object
-
- org.bitcoinj.utils.BtcFormat.Builder
-
- Enclosing class:
- BtcFormat
public static class BtcFormat.Builder extends java.lang.Object
This class constructs new instances of
BtcFormat
, allowing for the configuration of those instances before they are constructed. After obtaining aBuilder
object from theBtcFormat.builder()
method, invoke the necessary setter methods to obtain your desired configuration. Finally, thebuild()
method returns a newBtcFormat
object that has the specified configuration.All the setter methods override defaults. Invoking
build()
without invoking any of the setting methods is equivalent to invokingBtcFormat.getInstance()
with no arguments.Each setter methods returns the same instance on which it is invoked, thus these methods can be chained.
Instances of this class are not thread-safe.
-
-
Method Summary
All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description BtcFormat
build()
Return a newBtcFormat
instance.BtcFormat.Builder
code(java.lang.String val)
Specify a custom currency code to be used in the denomination-unit indicators of formatted values.BtcFormat.Builder
fractionDigits(int val)
Specify the number of decimal places in the fraction part of formatted numbers.BtcFormat.Builder
fractionGroups(int... val)
Specify the sizes of a variable number of optional decimal-place groups in the fraction part of formatted values.BtcFormat.Builder
locale(java.util.Locale val)
Specify theLocale
for formatting and parsing.BtcFormat.Builder
localizedPattern(java.lang.String val)
Use the given localized-pattern for formatting and parsing.BtcFormat.Builder
minimumFractionDigits(int val)
Specify the minimum number of decimal places in the fraction part of formatted values.BtcFormat.Builder
pattern(java.lang.String val)
Use the given pattern when formatting and parsing.BtcFormat.Builder
scale(int val)
Specify a fixed-denomination of units to use when formatting and parsing values.BtcFormat.Builder
style(BtcAutoFormat.Style val)
Specify the newBtcFormat
is to be automatically-denominating.BtcFormat.Builder
symbol(java.lang.String val)
Specify a currency symbol to be used in the denomination-unit indicators of formatted values.
-
-
-
Method Detail
-
style
public BtcFormat.Builder style(BtcAutoFormat.Style val)
Specify the newBtcFormat
is to be automatically-denominating. The argument determines which of either codes or symbols the newBtcFormat
will use by default to indicate the denominations it chooses when formatting values.Note that the
Style
argument specifies the default style, which is overridden by invoking eitherpattern(String)
orlocalizedPattern(String)
.- Throws:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- ifscale(int)
has previously been invoked on this instance.
-
fractionDigits
public BtcFormat.Builder fractionDigits(int val)
Specify the number of decimal places in the fraction part of formatted numbers. This is equivalent to theminimumFractionDigits(int)
method, but named appropriately for the context of generatingBtcAutoFormat
instances.If neither this method nor
minimumFactionDigits()
is invoked, the default value will be2
.
-
scale
public BtcFormat.Builder scale(int val)
Specify a fixed-denomination of units to use when formatting and parsing values. The argument specifies the number of decimal places, in increasing precision, by which each formatted value will differ from that same value denominated in bitcoins. For example, a denomination of millibitcoins is specified with a value of3
.The
BtcFormat
class provides appropriately namedint
-type constants for the three common values,BtcFormat.COIN_SCALE
,BtcFormat.MILLICOIN_SCALE
BtcFormat.MICROCOIN_SCALE
.If neither this method nor
style(BtcAutoFormat.Style)
is invoked on aBtcFormat.Builder
, then theBtcFormat
will default to a fixed-denomination of bitcoins, equivalent to invoking this method with an argument of0
.
-
minimumFractionDigits
public BtcFormat.Builder minimumFractionDigits(int val)
Specify the minimum number of decimal places in the fraction part of formatted values. This method is equivalent tofractionDigits(int)
, but named appropriately for the context of generating a fixed-denomination formatter.If neither this method nor
fractionDigits()
is invoked, the default value will be2
.
-
fractionGroups
public BtcFormat.Builder fractionGroups(int... val)
Specify the sizes of a variable number of optional decimal-place groups in the fraction part of formatted values. A group of each specified size will be used in addition to all previously applied decimal places only if doing so is useful for expressing precision. The size of each group is limited to a maximum precision of satoshis.If this method is not invoked, then the number of fractional decimal places will be limited to the value passed to
minimumFractionDigits
, or2
if that method is not invoked.
-
locale
public BtcFormat.Builder locale(java.util.Locale val)
Specify theLocale
for formatting and parsing. If this method is not invoked, then the runtime default locale will be used.
-
symbol
public BtcFormat.Builder symbol(java.lang.String val)
Specify a currency symbol to be used in the denomination-unit indicators of formatted values. This method only sets the symbol, but does not cause it to be used. You must also invoke eitherstyle(SYMBOL)
, or else apply a custom pattern that includes a single currency-sign character by invoking eitherpattern(String)
orlocalizedPattern(String)
.Specify only the base symbol. The appropriate prefix will be applied according to the denomination of formatted and parsed values.
-
code
public BtcFormat.Builder code(java.lang.String val)
Specify a custom currency code to be used in the denomination-unit indicators of formatted values. This method only sets the code, but does not cause it to be used. You must also invoke eitherstyle(CODE)
, or else apply a custom pattern that includes a double currency-sign character by invoking eitherpattern(String)
orlocalizedPattern(String)
.Specify only the base code. The appropriate prefix will be applied according to the denomination of formatted and parsed values.
-
pattern
public BtcFormat.Builder pattern(java.lang.String val)
Use the given pattern when formatting and parsing. The format of this pattern is identical to that used by theDecimalFormat
class.If the pattern lacks a negative subpattern, then the formatter will indicate negative values by placing a minus sign immediately preceding the number part of formatted values.
Note that while the pattern format specified by the
DecimalFormat
class includes a mechanism for setting the number of fractional decimal places, that part of the pattern is ignored. Instead, use thefractionDigits(int)
,minimumFractionDigits(int)
andfractionGroups(int...)
methods.Warning: if you set a pattern that includes a currency-sign for a fixed-denomination formatter that uses a non-standard scale, then an exception will be raised when you try to format a value. The standard scales include all for which a metric prefix exists from micro to mega.
Note that by applying a pattern you override the configured formatting style of
BtcAutoFormat
instances.
-
localizedPattern
public BtcFormat.Builder localizedPattern(java.lang.String val)
Use the given localized-pattern for formatting and parsing. The format of this pattern is identical to the patterns used by theDecimalFormat
class.The pattern is localized according to the locale of the
BtcFormat
instance, the symbols for which can be examined by inspecting theDecimalFormatSymbols
object returned byBtcFormat.symbols()
. So, for example, if you are in Germany, then the non-localized pattern of"#,##0.###"
would be localized as"#.##0,###"
If the pattern lacks a negative subpattern, then the formatter will indicate negative values by placing a minus sign immediately preceding the number part of formatted values.
Note that while the pattern format specified by the
DecimalFormat
class includes a mechanism for setting the number of fractional decimal places, that part of the pattern is ignored. Instead, use thefractionDigits(int)
,minimumFractionDigits(int)
andfractionGroups(int...)
methods.Warning: if you set a pattern that includes a currency-sign for a fixed-denomination formatter that uses a non-standard scale, then an exception will be raised when you try to format a value. The standard scales include all for which a metric prefix exists from micro to mega.
Note that by applying a pattern you override the configured formatting style of
BtcAutoFormat
instances.
-
-


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De Bruyne: Manchester City showed their champion qualities
Pep Guardiola’s side came from a goal down to beat Chelsea 2-1.
Kevin De Bruyne believes Manchester City showed their champion qualities as they came from behind to claim a hard-fought win over Chelsea.
After losing to Liverpool a fortnight ago, City faced the prospect of falling 12 points behind the Premier League leaders as N’Golo Kante shot Chelsea into an early lead at the Etihad Stadium.
But City powered back to win 2-1 with both goals coming before the interval, the first a deflected strike from De Bruyne and the second a superb solo effort from Riyad Mahrez.
The result saw City, who also hit the woodwork through Sergio Aguero and had a late Raheem Sterling goal disallowed by VAR for a marginal offside, leapfrog Chelsea to go third.
De Bruyne said: “We work really hard and the main thing, when you lose a game, is to come back with a good reaction.
“That’s what we have always done over the last four or five years. I think it’s very rare to see us lose two games in a row.
“We work hard as a team and that’s what we did. We have a lot of quality to make the difference.”
Chelsea, who had won their previous six games, made life tough for Guardiola’s men. City’s 46.7 per cent possession was remarkably the lowest amount a Guardiola side has had in any of the Spaniard’s 381 top-flight matches as a manager.
De Bruyne said: “We knew before the game that there would be moments where we would have trouble to get the ball.
“Everyone knows we are a team with a lot of quality with the ball but we showed we can also do the other side, with good defending.
“It’s hard to get the ball, but I think we created more chances.”
City remain nine points behind leaders Liverpool but Mahrez insisted the team are not giving that much thought.
He said: “We don’t look too much at Liverpool. We have to try to win every game, like we used to, and see how many points we have at the end.”
Chelsea slipped to fourth but they continue to impress under Frank Lampard.
Such is their progress, captain Cesar Azpilicueta feels it is now only a matter of perfecting minor details to compete with the best.
“When you are in the last 25-30 metres you have to make the difference, but when we arrived there sometimes we were unlucky and sometimes we didn’t make the right choice.
“We have to improve on that if we want to go further. We know we can go further but we have to work hard to try to get the wins in these kind of games.”


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Afia Udofia
Senior UI / UX Designer & Frontend Developer
UX Designer
Frontend Developer
Lagos, Nigeria
I am a senior UI / UX Designer & Front-end Developer based in Lagos, Nigeria. For over 13 years, I have been creating beautiful, functional and reusable digital products for web, mobile and desktop environments for companies of all sizes.
Building something awesome soon? Lets talk about it. I'd love to hear from you.


Qwerty, the coder's keyboard layout
- One keystroke to frequently used characters . / [] ; ' \
- Two keystrokes characters with easy access () {} < > :
- One keystroke to type numbers
- , . / ? are frequently used keys in vim
A brief history of vim
- Written by Bram Moolenaar
- 1991, v1.14 - First public release for the Amiga
- 1994, v3.0 - Support for multiple windows
- 1996, v4.0 - Graphical user interface
- 1998, v5.2 - Long line support, file browser, dialogs, popup menu, select mode, session files, user defined functions and commands, Tcl interface
- 2001, v6.0 - Folding, plugins, multi-language
- 2006, v7.0 - Spell checking, code completion, tabs, current line and column highlighting, undo branches, and more
- 2013, v7.4 - A new, faster regular expression engine
Why vim?
The best text editor is the one you know best. But...
- Vim is preinstalled on almost every OS
- Vim can be run from a terminal or with the graphical interface (gvim)
- Access to your ~/.vimrc file from github and you're ready to code
- If vim is not installed you can compile it from the sources
Vim compilation
~% mkdir src && cd src
~% hg clone https://vim.googlecode.com/hg/ vim
~% cd vim
~% hg pull && hg update
Uncommented options in ~/src/vim/src/Makefile
CONF_OPT_GUI = --disable-gui
CONF_OPT_LUA = --enable-luainterp
CONF_OPT_PYTHON = --enable-pythoninterp
CONF_OPT_RUBY = --enable-rubyinterp
CONF_OPT_FEAT = --with-features=big
CONF_OPT_COMPBY = "--with-compiledby=ytg"
CONF_OPT_X = --without-x
# Home installation?
prefix = $(HOME)
Then type:
~% make
~% sudo make install
If you change anything in the src/Makefile be sure to type:
~% make reconfig
No configuration
% vim -u NONE -N
-u {vimrc} Use the commands in the file {vimrc}...
...It can also be used to skip all initializations by giving the name "NONE".
-N No-compatible mode.
What are options?
- :h options
- boolean can only be on or off
- number has a numeric value
- string has a string value
Setting options
- :set {option}? show option value
- :set {option}& Reset option to its default value
-
Boolean option
- :set {option} switch it on
- :set no{option} switch it off
- :set {option}! or :set inv{option} toggle option
-
String or Number option
- :set {option}={value} set string or number option to {value}
- :set {option}+={value} add the {value} to a number option, or append the
{value} to a string option
- :set {option}-={value} same as above but substract or remove
Load an alternative configuration and plugins directory
vim -u ~/.another.vimrc
set runtimepath+=~/.another.vim
Load a local vimrc file
Use a .vimrc.local file for specific configuration you need and/or don't
want to disclose on github
if filereadable($HOME . '/.vimrc.local')
source $HOME/.vimrc.local
endif
Tabs, spaces, indentation: dead simple ;-)
A ~/.vimrc sample:
set nocompatible
" Should always have the same value for simplicity's sake "
set shiftwidth=4 tabstop=4 softtabstop=4
set expandtab
filetype plugin on
syntax on
" When sourcing multiple times your vimrc file "
" clear the autocommands first instead of adding them "
augroup mygroup
autocmd!
autocmd FileType make setlocal noexpandtab
augroup END
See a full explanation about tabs and spaces
Advanced configuration, it's take a life time
- Keep track of your ~/.vimrc file on github
- Use the option's full name in favor of the shorthand version
- Edit and source in a flash
nnoremap <leader>E :edit $MYVIMRC<cr>
nnoremap <leader>S :source $MYVIMRC<cr>
Colorschemes and eye candy
Terminal configuration
# ~/.zshrc or ~/.bashrc
export TERM=xterm-256color
# ~/.screenrc
term screen-256color
Colorschemes repository and viewer
Eye candy settings
# ~/.zshrc or ~/.bashrc
# Disable cursor blinking
# http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Configuring_the_cursor
echo -ne "\033]12;#ffffff\007"
" ~/.vimrc "
set cursorline " Highlight the cursor screen line "
set colorcolumn=80 " Draws a vertical line at column 80 "
" String to put at the start of lines that have been wrapped "
let &showbreak='↪ '
" Minimal number of screen lines to keep above and below the cursor "
set scrolloff=3
" If 't_vb' is cleared and 'visualbell' is set, "
" no beep and no flash will ever occur "
set visualbell
set t_vb=
set guicursor+=a:blinkon0 " Disable gui cursor blinking "
Buffers, windows and tabs
:help windows-intro
Buffers
- A buffer is a file loaded into memory for editing
- All opened files are associated with a buffer
- There are also buffers not associated with any file
Buffers commands
- :ls shows all buffers
- % is the current file
-
# is the alternate file. Use
the CTRL-^ to toggle between the current and alternate file
- :buffer :b given a full or partial name (use tab to complete) or number, edit buffer
- :bdelete :bd like the above but deletes one or more buffers
- :bnext :bn go to next buffer
- :bprevious :bp go to previous buffer
- :bufdo to run a ex command on all buffers (:bufdo %s/foo/bar/g). Set the 'hidden' option so buffers do not need to be saved
- :wall :wa Write all buffers
- :saveas Write to file and edit it
Buffer mappings
Mapping suggestion, courtesy of the https://github.com/tpope/vim-unimpaired plugin.
nnoremap [b :bprevious<cr>
nnoremap ]b :bnext<cr>
Prefer not to map the Tab key as CTRL-I and tab is the same in vim. CTRL-I goes forward in the jump list.
Windows
- A window is a viewport onto a buffer
- You can use multiple windows on one buffer, or several windows on different buffers
- Use the mouse to scroll, give focus and resize a window (:set mouse=a)
Windows
Windows commands
- Window commands start with CTRL-W
-
CTRL-W CTRL-S :split :sp Horizontally split current window in two.
The ex command can take a file argument.
-
CTRL-W CTRL-V :vsplit :vs Vertically split current window in two
- CTRL-W CTRL-Q :q to close a window
- CTRL-W CTRL-O :on to close all other window but the current window
- CTRL-W CTRL-= to redimension all windows
- CTRL-W CTRL-W to move the cursor clockwise from window to window
- CTRL-W CTRL-(H|J|K|L) to move the cursor to the left, top, bottom or right window
- :windo to run a ex command on all windows
Tabs
- :h tabpage
- A tab page holds one or more windows
- You can easily switch between tab pages, so that you have several collections of windows to work on different things
Tabs
Tabs
Tabs
Tabs
- :tabnew or :tabnew {file}
- :tabclose
- :tabonly
- :tabNext ({count}gt in normal mode)
- :tabprevious ({count}gT in normal mode)
- :tabdo {cmd} execute {cmd} in each tab page
Modes
Introduces normal mode motions
:h vim-modes
Normal mode
- Default mode when the editor starts
- Movements are made from normal mode
- Pin point the location of your next change or insertion
- Use :set relativenumber
-
Easy up and down on wrapped long lines
nnoremap j gj
nnoremap k gk
- zz redraws at center of window
- z<cr> redraws at top of window
- {operator}/foo operates from the cursor position until the search
Vim movements cheat sheet
Insert mode
- :h usr_24.txt
- Enter insert mode using: i, I, a, A, o, O, gi (Go to last insertion and switch to insert mode)
- CTRL-W to delete the word before the cursor
- CTRL-U to delete the line before the cursor
-
Use completion CTRL-N, CTRL-P to complete a word
- CTRL-N, CTRL-P again to cycle forward, backward
- CTRL-Y to choose the value
- CTRL-E to discard the completion menu
Leave insert mode
Or, remap jk to escape:
inoremap jk <esc>
inoremap <esc> <nop>
Paste in insert mode, terminal only
:set paste
Then paste using the system's paste command
:set nopaste
This is an unoptimized workflow.
Paste in insert mode
" Inspired by https://github.com/tpope/vim-unimpaired "
" Sets paste on and set nopaste when leaving insert mode "
" using an autocommand "
nnoremap <silent> yo :set paste<cr>o
nnoremap <silent> yO :set paste<cr>O
" Disables paste mode when leaving insert mode
autocmd InsertLeave *
\ if &paste == 1 |
\ set nopaste |
\ endif
Command mode
- In this mode, you type ex commands
- Enter command mode by typing ':'
- Do it faster by remapping ; to : and : to ;
- Use the command history window q:
- Use the search history window q/
- CTRL-R CTRL-W brings the word under the cursor in the command line
- CTRL-R CTRL-0 brings the yanked content in the command line
Vim modes in your shell
For zsh users
# ~/.zshrc
bindkey -v
# maps jk to escape, same as in my .vimrc
bindkey -M viins 'jk' vi-cmd-mode
For bash users
# ~/.bashrc
set -o vi
# ~/.inputrc
$if mode=vi
set keymap vi-insert
"jk": vi-movement-mode
$endif
For all users
Use ctrl-z and fg to switch between the command line and vim
Visual modes
- v, character visual mode
- V, line wise visual mode
- CTRL-V, visual bloc mode (I insert at start, A insert at end)
- Use the mouse to select character wise
- Each key combination is a toggle from visual to normal mode and vice versa
- Extend the visual selection with o and j / k
- Recall the last visual selection with gv
Text objects
:h text-objects
Text objects
- Used while in visual mode or after an operator (d, y, c...)
- The movement command operates from here (cursor position) to where the movement takes us.
- When using an object the whole object is operated upon, no matter where on the object the cursor is.
- "i" selects an "inner" object
- "a" selects "a"n object including whitespace
- "a" always selects more text than "i"
Text objects
- iw, iW inner word, WORD
- aw, aW a word, WORD with a leading or trailing space
- ip inner paragraph, ap a paragraph including trailing space
- i] or i[ inner brackets
- a] or a[ inner brackets and brackets included
- i) or i(
- a) or a(
- i} or i{
- a} or a{
- i> or i<
- a> or a<
- it inner tag, at a tag
- i', i" quoted text
- a', a" quoted text quotes included
Text objects examples
- diw, delete inner word
- daw, delete a word
- diW, delete inner WORD
- daW, delete a WORD
- yip, yank inner paragraph
- yap, yank a paragraph
- cit, change inner tag
- cat, change a tag
-
ci(,
ca(,
vi',
vi",
ci',
ci"
Operators
- After a visual selection
- Before a motion
- Before a text object
-
They can be prefixed by a count:
3yw 3cw 2dap
or the equivalent more like a phrase:
y3w c3w d2ap
-
When an operator is repeated, it operates on the line
dd 3yy 5>>
Operators list
| c | change |
| d | delete |
| y | yank into register (does not change the text) |
| ~ | swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set) |
| g~ | swap case |
| gu | make lowercase |
| gU | make uppercase |
| ! | filter through an external program |
| = | filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty |
| gq | text formatting |
| g? | ROT13 encoding |
| > | shift right |
| < | shift left |
Idioms
count + operator + motion or text object == idioms == actions
Idioms is more or less a synonym for grammar
Marks
Marks are similar to bookmarks
- m{a-z} set buffer local marks
- m{A-Z} set global marks
- '{a-zA-Z} go to {a-zA-Z} mark at first non blank character
- `{a-zA-Z} go to {a-zA-Z} mark, preserve cursor column number
- Marks can be used as motions, v'a (visually select from here to mark "a")
- '. is the last change mark
- '', `` to the position before the latest jump
- :marks lists all marks
Jumps
Jumps are like breadcrumb navigation
- Next/prev search, paragraph, matchpair, edit file...
- Tiny movements are not jumps, hjkl, 10j, w, b
- Each window has its own jumps list
- CTRL-O go to older jump
- CTRL-I go to newer jump
- :jumps lists all jumps
Changes
When making a change the cursor position is remembered
- g; go to older change
- g, go to newer change
- '. is the last change mark
- :changes lists all changes
Tag navigation
Uses ctags to create a tag index, functions, variables, classes, etc...
- CTRL-] to jump to the first found tag
- :tag {ident} same as above
- g CTRL-] jump to the tag directly when there is only one match. If many matches, prompts the user for a file number.
- :tjump {ident} same as above
- CTRL-T, :pop jump to older tag position
- :tag jump to newer tag position
- :tags shows the tag stack
Tag navigation configuration
# In a shellscript somewhere
find ~/dailymotion -name .git -prune -o -name '*.php' -type f |\
ctags --PHP-kinds=cif -f ~/.vim/tags/dailymotion -L - --totals=yes
" ~/.vimrc "
set tags=~/.vim/tags/dailymotion
Summary
Registers
- A register is a storage place for strings
- "a to "z are user defined registers
- "A to "Z append strings to registers "a to "z
- "0 is the yank register
- "" is the unnamed register
- "= the expression register
- "_ the black hole register
- :reg shows the registers list
- :reg a shows the content of register a
Get from a register
- "ap in normal mode
- CTRL-R a in insert or command mode
- :echo @a in Vimscript
Write to a register
- "ayiw in normal mode
- :let @a = 'foo' in Vimscript
My yank gets overwritten
The problem:
- I yanked a line and deleted a word
- When I press p, the deleted word is put into the document
- Where's the line I just yanked?
The solution:
- Use the yank register ("0) to put the last yank into the document
Yank and delete operations, the explanation
- Yank operations populate the yank ("0) and unnamed ("") registers
- Delete operations populate the unnamed ("") register
- The put command uses the unnamed register by default
- Use the yank register ("0) to put the last yank into the document
The dot command, the mini macro
. Repeat the last change.
- Repeats the last delete
- Repeats the last paste
- Repeats the last edit: A change starts when entering insert mode and stops when going back to normal mode
- Compose atomic changes to be repeatable
Recording a macro
- Going to the start of the line is good idea
- qa starts recording the macro in register "a
- Make your changes...
- q stops recording
- :reg a shows the content of register "a
Execute a macro
- @a executes a macro from register "a
- @@ repeats the last macro
- 22@a repeats the macro "a 22 times
- Visually select lines and then :normal @a
Edit a macro
- "ap pastes the macro from register "a into the document
- Make your changes by adding or removing characters
- Special charaters like Esc or Backspace can be inserted via CTRL-V{char}
- 0"ayg_ yanks back the new macro in register "a
- The important thing is not to include the "new line" charater in the new macro
Practice what you have learned
From this:
Enter 13
Up arrow 38
Down arrow 40
Left arrow 37
Right arrow 39
Escape 27
Spacebar 32
Ctrl 17
Alt 18
Tab 9
Shift 16
Caps-lock 20
Windows key 91
Windows option key 93
Backspace 8
Home 36
End 35
Insert 45
Delete 46
Page Up 33
Page Down 34
Numlock 144
Scroll-lock 145
Pause-break 19
F1-F12 112-123
To this:
9, # Tab
13, # Enter
16, # Shift
17, # Ctrl
18, # Alt
19, # Pause-break
20, # Caps-lock
27, # Escape
32, # Spacebar
33, # Page-Up
34, # Page-Down
35, # End
36, # Home
37, # Left-arrow
38, # Up-arrow
39, # Right-arrow
40, # Down-arrow
91, # Windows-key
93, # Windows-option-key
112, # F1
113, # F2
114, # F3
115, # F4
116, # F5
117, # F6
118, # F7
119, # F8
120, # F9
121, # F10
122, # F11
123, # F12
144, # Numlock
145, # Scroll-lock
Some commands for opening files
- vim file1 file2 file3...
- :edit file or :e file
- :split file
- :vsplit file or :vs file
- :Explore or :Ex opens the local-directory browser on the current file's directory
- :args app/scripts/*.js
- :args app/scripts/**/*.js
- :find file requires setting the path options properly (:set path+=app/scripts/**)
Opening files under the cursor
- gf edit the file whose name is under or after the cursor. Set the path option properly.
- :set suffixesadd=.coffee,.js if the filename's extension is omitted.
Search commands
- :h pattern.txt
- / searches forward
- ? searches backward
- n next search
- N previous search
- * searches forward for word under the cursor
- # searches backward for word under the cursor
Some useful search options
set incsearch " Preview as you type "
set ignorecase " Don't be case sensitive "
set smartcase " If you type a capital letter, be case sensitive "
Search pattern options
- /\c{pattern} forces no case sensitivity
- /\C{pattern} forces case sensitivity
- /\v{pattern} enables very magic patterns ~= perl regular expressions (vim uses ~= posix regular expressions by default)
- /\V{pattern} enables very no magic patterns == literal search
- /{pattern}/e puts the cursor at the end of the match
Grep the code
- CTRL-Z
- % git grep foo
- Copy the interesting filename, remember the line number
- % fg
- :e filename
- Eventually search foo again
- This is an unoptimized workflow
Grep the code with vim
- :set grepprg=git grep -n $*
- :grep foo
- Navigate matches with the builtin quicklist
- :cn go to next match, open the file if needed and puts the cursor on the line matching the pattern
- :cp go to previous match
- If you run :grep several times, use :colder and :cnewer to navigate through older/newer grepped code
Use the global command
- :g/re/p
- :g/re
- :g/re/d
- :g/console.log/d to remove all debug statements in one command
Search and replace
:%s/{pattern}/{string}/gc
- :h :s
- % is the range, here it means the whole file. Can be 5,14 or '<,'> the last visual selection
- g means every occurence on the line
- c prompts the user for an action
Use the dot command to search and replace
- * finds the next word under the cursor
- cw{replacement}
- n.
- n.
- n.
- etc...
Search and replace in all buffers
:bufdo %s/foo/bar/g
Mappings
- :h map
- :h key-notation
- :map {lhs} {rhs}
- Use mode maps n, i, v
- Always use noremap
Mappings
" save file whether in insert or normal mode "
inoremap <leader>s <c-o>:w<cr><esc>
nnoremap <leader>s :w<cr>
A tiny bit of VimL a.k.a Vimscript
Code sample: a toggle tab function
" Toggles between the active and last active tab "
" The first tab is always 1 "
let g:last_active_tab = 1
nnoremap <leader>gt :execute 'tabnext ' . g:last_active_tab<cr>
autocmd TabLeave * let g:last_active_tab = tabpagenr()
Plugins
- Vundle, the plug-in manager for Vim
- unite, unite-outline fuzzy find any source (files, tags, buffers, windows, tabs, menu, mru files, lines, ...)
- delimitMate, insert mode auto-completion for quotes, parens, brackets, etc...
- surround.vim, quoting/parenthesizing made simple
- The nerdtree, a tree explorer plugin for vim
- The nerdcommenter, a plugin for commenting
- fugitive.vim, a Git wrapper so awesome, it should be illegal
- CamelCaseMotion, CamelCase and under_score motions
- snipMate, TextMate-style snippets for Vim
- vim-trailing-whitespace, Highlights trailing whitespace in red and provides :FixWhitespace to fix it.
- Gundo, Graph your Vim undo tree in style
Resources
-
The official site and mailing lists
-
Videos
-
Blog and Reddit
-
Books


2018
-
Stacked Semantics-Guided Attention Model for Fine-Grained
Zero-Shot Learning. Yunlong Yu, Zhong Ji, Yanwei Fu, Jichang
Guo, Yanwei Pang, Zhongfei Zhang, NIPS 2018
-
Pose-Normalized Image Generation for Person
Re-identification . Xuelin Qian, Yanwei Fu, Tao Xiang,
Wenxuan Wang, Jie Qiu, Yang Wu, Yu-Gang Jiang, and Xiangyang
Xue. ECCV 2018 [codes]
-
Pixel2Mesh: Generating 3D Mesh Models from Single RGB
Images. Nanyang Wang, Yinda Zhang, Zhuwen Li, Yanwei Fu, Wei
Liu, Yu-Gang Jiang. ECCV 2018 Arxiv: 1804.01654 Project
page (codes&models):
http://bigvid.fudan.edu.cn/pixel2mesh/
- MSplit LBI: Realizing Feature Selection and Dense
Estimation Simultaneously in Few-shot and Zero-shot
Learning. Bo Zhao, Xinwei Sun, Yanwei Fu, Yizhou Wang, Yuan
Yao. ICML 2018
Soft Filter Pruning for Accelerating Deep Convolutional
Neural Networks. Yang He, Guoliang Kang, Xuanyi Dong, Yanwei
Fu, Yi Yang. IJCAI 2018
-
Harnessing Synthesized Abstraction Images to Improve
Facial Attribute Recognition. Keke He, Yanwei Fu, Wuhao
Zhang, Chengjie Wang，Yu-Gang Jiang, Feiyue Huang, Xiangyang
Xue. IJCAI 2018
-
Dual Skipping
Networks Changmao Cheng, Yanwei Fu, Yu-Gang Jiang,
Wei Liu, Wenlian Lu, Jianfeng Feng, Xiangyang Xue.


Note: We recommend you use *pthr flavor. Some features don't work with non-*pthr flavor.
Download the Ninf-G package from the download Web page
( http://ninf.apgrid.org/packages/welcome.html).It is recommended that you create a "ninf" user on the installation system.
It is also possible, however, to install Ninf-G in a location where the user has read and write privileges under general user privileges (that user's home directory, for example).
|
Move the files of the downloaded package to the directory in which the source files are to be expanded and then use the following command to expand the Ninf-G package files. (The 4.x.x in the command is the version number.)
% gunzip -c ng-4.x.x.tgz | tar xvf -
Executing the above command will create a "ng-4.x.x" directory and expand the Ninf-G source files in that directory.
Note: The Ninf-G package is created by GNU tar, so it requires you to use GNU tar to expand the package.
(Move to the directory in which the source files are expanded.)
% cd ng-4.x.x
% ./configure
Executing the above command, the host software environment is examined, and the execution environment for the tools used by compile is prepared (creating Makefile, etc.).
Parameters such as those for specifying a particular Ninf-G installation directory can be included as shown below.
% ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/ng --with-globusFlavor=gcc32dbgpthr
In this example, the following parameters are specified.
If you do not know about flavors, ask the administrator for flavors which the system-installed Globus Toolkit implies. (The flavors may be obtained by $GPT_LOCATION/sbin/gpt-query command instead.)
If the Ninf-G user desires to use MDS2 or MDS4 on a C client, --with-mds2 or --with-mds4 options must be specified.
Other options are described in section 2.4. The options that can be used with the configure command can be viewed with the following command.
% ./configure --help
Execute the following command in the directory for expanding the source files.
% make
Executing make generates the libraries needed by Ninf-G as well as an executable binary file.
In Ninf-G, the Makefile is created by using the GNU autoconf configure script. If there is code in the Makefile written with the POSIX make program that cannot be executed, try using the GNU make program.
To configure either the server environment only or the client environment only, run one of the following make commands.
The following command can be used to configure the server environment only.
% make server
The following command can be used to configure the client environment only.
% make client
With owner privileges for the directory in which the files are to be installed (specified by a --prefix at the time of configure command; the default is "/usr/local"), execute the following command from the directory in which the source files were expanded.
If you want to specify a number of CPUs for MPI for LocalLDIF(*.ngdef), you have to modify < package_dir > /etc/server.conf and change the variable of MPIRUN_NO_OF_CPUS.
% make install
Executing the above command copies the libraries and executable binaries created by executing the make command and the commands needed to run Ninf-G to the specified directory.
To install either the server environment only or the client environment only, execute the make command as described below.
It is possible to install only the server environment by executing the following command.
% make install_server
It is possible to install only the client environment by executing the following command.
% make install_client
(The following commands are executed only on the server machine
(where the Ninf-G Executable is run).
If MDS is not being used, the following tasks are not necessary.
In that case, owner user privileges for $GLOBUS_LOCATION are
also not needed.)
If the Ninf-G Client uses MDS2 or MDS4, MDS setup is required. This is required only on gatekeeper nodes.
Execute the following command with owner user privileges
for $GLOBUS_LOCATION (for example, "globus").
If you want to specify the number of CPUs for MPI, you have to edit
server_install and change the variable of MPIRUN_NO_OF_CPUS.
% cd ng-4.x.x/utility/script
% ./server_install
If the Ninf-G Client uses MDS2, MDS2 setup is required. This is required only on gatekeeper nodes.
Execute the following items with owner user privileges for $GLOBUS_LOCATION (for example, "globus").
"include ${GLOBUS_LOCATION}/etc/grid-info-resource.schema"
Below that line, add the following line.
"include ${GLOBUS_LOCATION}/etc/grpc.schema"
% ${GLOBUS_LOCATION}/sbin/globus-mds stop
% ${GLOBUS_LOCATION}/sbin/globus-mds start
If the Ninf-G Client uses MDS4, MDS4 setup is required. This is required only on gatekeeper nodes.
Execute the following items with owner user privileges for $GLOBUS_LOCATION (for example, "globus").
% cd ng-4.x.x/infoService
% ant
% ant deploy
Edit URL in wsa:Address element in $GLOBUS_LOCATION/etc/ng4grpcinfo/regist.xml . (You'll have to modify example.org to the IP-address or FQDN of your host.)
Edit the hostName in $GLOBUS_LOCATION/etc/ng4grpcinfo/jndi-config.xml to match the following description.
Note. This hostname is the name of the GRAM server host.
Edit the infoDirPath in $GLOBUS_LOCATION/etc/ng4grpcinfo/jndi-config.xml to match the following description.
This may be $GLOBUS_LOCATION/var/gridrpc .
Append following line to $GLOBUS_LOCATION/container-log4j.properties .
log4j.category.org.apgrid=INFO
Restart the WS Servlet container, and watch the console output. If the following message is output, registration was successful.
????-??-?? ??:??:??,??? INFO impl.GrpcInfoHome [Thread-?,run:???] done rescan to regist
Note: If you change the information of the executable in $GLOBUS_LOCATION/var/gridrpc, the following command forcibly updates this information immediately.
% java -DGLOBUS_LOCATION=$GLOBUS_LOCATION \ -classpath $GLOBUS_LOCATION/lib/ng4grpcinfo.jar:$CLASSPATH \ org.apgrid.ninf.ng4.grpcinfo.client.RescanClient \ -s https://[IP-ADDR or FQDN]:8443/wsrf/services/org/apgrid/ninf/ng4/grpcinfo/GrpcInfoService
The available options can be displayed with the following command.
% ./configure --help
The options that can be used with the configure script are described below.
The general configure command options have no effect on the Ninf-G functions.
| option | description |
|---|---|
| --cache-file=FILE | Cache test results in FILE |
| --help | Print help message |
| --no-create | Do not create output files |
| --quiet, --silent | Do not print `checking...' messages |
| --version | Print the version of autoconf that created configure |
Specify the location for installing Ninf-G.
Specify the installation path for the targets listed below.
The default values are shown.
| option | default | description |
|---|---|---|
| --prefix=PREFIX | /usr/local | Install architecture-independent files in PREFIX |
| --exec-prefix=EPREFIX | same as prefix | Install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX |
| --bindir=DIR | EPREFIX/bin | User executables in DIR |
| --sbindir=DIR | EPREFIX/sbin | System admin executables in DIR |
| --libexecdir=DIR | EPREFIX/libexec | Program executables in DIR |
| --datadir=DIR | EPREFIX/share | Read-only architecture-independent data in DIR |
| --sysconfdir=DIR | EPREFIX/etc | Read-only single-machine data in DIR |
| --sharedstatedir=DIR | EPREFIX/com | Modifiable architecture-independent data in DIR |
| --localstate=DIR | EPREFIX/var | Modifiable single-machine data in DIR |
| --lib-dir=DIR | EPREFIX/lib | Object code libraries in DIR |
| --includedir=DIR | EPREFIX/include | C header files in DIR |
| --oldincludedir=DIR | /usr/include | C header files for non-gcc in DIR |
| --infodir=DIR | EPREFIX/info | Info documentation in DIR |
| --mandir=DIR | EPREFIX/man | Man documentation in DIR |
| --srcdir | configure dir or ... | Find the sources in DIR |
| --program-prefix=PREFIX | Prepend PREFIX to installed program names | |
| --program-suffix=SUFFIX | Append SUFFIX to installed program names | |
| --program-transform-name=PROGRAM | Run sed PROGRAM on installed program names |
| option | default | description |
|---|---|---|
| --disable-FEATURE | Do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no) | |
| --enable-FEATURE[=ARG] | ARG=yes | Include FEATURE |
| --with-PACKAGE[=ARG] | ARG=yes | Use PACKAGE |
| --without-PACKAGE | Do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no) | |
| --with-globusFlavor=FLAVOR | gcc32dbgpthr | Specify Globus runtime library flavor |
| --with-mds | Obsolete option (use mds2 or mds4) | |
| --with-mds2 | no | Include functions for getting information on servers and functions from PreWS MDS |
| --with-mds4 | no | Include functions for getting information on servers and functions from WS MDS |
| --with-zlib | yes if available | Use zlib for compression |
| --with-largefile | yes | Support largefile |
| --with-cc=CC | cc | Specify C compiler to use |
| --with-opt=OPT | Specify C compiler options for optimization | |
| --with-debug=OPT | Specify C compiler options for debuggable executable file creation | |
| --with-cppflag=OPT | Specify C preprocessor options | |
| --with-python | Specify python command path | |
| --with-naregi | no | Support NAREGI SS. |
| --with-naregidir=NAREGIDIR | /usr/naregi | Specify the directory in which NAREGI Middleware has been installed. |
| --enable-gcc | Allow use of gcc if available | |
| --enable-debug | no | Enable generate executable with debug symbol |
Ninf-G requires Globus Toolkit installation. This appendix shows how to accomplish GT4 installation. When you install GT4, refer to Globus Website for exact information.
This section gives hints for installing GT4.
Make the temporary directory.
% mkdir dirForInstaller
Install GT4 (we recommend Version 4.0.1 or later (not 4.0.0) and "source" installer).
% cd dirForInstaller % gunzip -c [TARBALL LOCATION]/gt4.0.1-all-source-installer.tar.gz | tar xf - % cd gt4.0.1-all-source-installer % ./configure --prefix=/path/to/gt4-install % make % make install
Note: Use of MDS2 on Ninf-G requires the --enable-prewsmds option on GT4.
See also information about setting the Globus Toolkit at following URL.
http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/admin/docbook/Ninf-G4 requires some components of the Globus Toolkit. Following URLs provide information about setting of components.
Globus Toolkit provides Usage statistics. (See http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/Usage_Stats.html) If you desire to prevent this, match the following configuration changes.
Set the environment variable "GLOBUS_USAGE_OPTOUT" to "1."
% setenv GLOBUS_USAGE_OPTOUT 1
$ GLOBUS_USAGE_OPTOUT=1
$ export GLOBUS_USAGE_OPTOUT
Comment out the "usageStatisticsTargets" parameter in the configuration file $GLOBUS_LOCATION/etc/globus_wsrf_core/server-config.wsdd
This setting,<globalConfiguration> <parameter name="usageStatisticsTargets" value="usage-stats.globus.org:4810"/>Delete or comment out as follows.
<globalConfiguration> <!--parameter name="usageStatisticsTargets" value="usage-stats.globus.org:4810"/-->Also check the following URLs.
Setup the environment variable and execute the script for setting up the environment.
% setenv GLOBUS_LOCATION /path/to/gt4-install % source $GLOBUS_LOCATION/etc/globus-user-env.csh
$ GLOBUS_LOCATION=/path/to/gt4-install $ export GLOBUS_LOCATION $ . $GLOBUS_LOCATION/etc/globus-user-env.sh
% cd $GLOBUS_LOCATION % ./bin/globus-start-container
Starting the SOAP server at: https://[IP-ADDR]:8443/wsrf/services/ with the following services:
[1]: https://[IP-ADDR]:8443/wsrf/services/TriggerFactoryService [2]: https://[IP-ADDR]:8443/wsrf/services/DelegationTestService .... [48]: https://[IP-ADDR]:8443/wsrf/services/CASService [49]: https://[IP-ADDR]:8443/wsrf/services/ManagedJobFactoryService
Test the WS GRAM using following procedures.
% cd $GLOBUS_LOCATION % ./bin/grid-proxy-init (input your passphrase) % globusrun-ws -submit -job-description-file \ $GLOBUS_LOCATION/test/globus_wsrf_gram_service_java_test_unit/test.xml Submitting job...Done. Job ID: uuid:[UUIDUUID-UUID-UUID-UUID-UUIDUUIDUUID] Termination time: MM/DD/CCYY HH:MM GMT Current job state: Unsubmitted Current job state: Done Destroying job...Done.
If the Ninf-G C Client uses MDS4, the Index Service Bindings should be installed with Globus Toolkit.
Execute the following items with owner user privileges for $GLOBUS_LOCATION (for example, "globus").
% cd gt4.0.1-all-source-installer % make globus_c_wsrf_core_bindings-thr % make globus_handler_ws_addressing-thr % $GLOBUS_LOCATION/sbin/gpt-build index_service_bindings-1.2.tar.gz [flavor]
Note: threaded flavor recommended.
An index_service_bindings package is not prepared at the beginning. The user must create the package.
Note: For convenience, the Ninf-G4 package includes a generated index_service_bindings package on ng-4.x.x/external/index_service.
% cp \ gt4.0.1-all-source-installer/source-trees/wsrf/c/parser/cgen/source/globus_wsrf_bindings_template.tar.gz \ $GLOBUS_LOCATION/share/globus_c_wsrf_cgen
Edit and remove line 657 of $GLOBUS_LOCATION/share/globus_c_wsrf_cgen/client-stub-source-doclit.tmpl .
|
% $GLOBUS_LOCATION/bin/globus-wsrf-cgen -no-service \ -s index_service -flavor gcc32dbg -d $PWD/bindings \ $GLOBUS_LOCATION/share/schema/mds/index/index_service.wsdl
The package is created in bindings/index_service_bindings-1.2.tar.gz
It is recommended to install Globus Toolkit from source installer. If Globus Toolkit is installed from binary installer, you need to install globus_core with the following command:
% $GLOBUS_LOCATION/sbin/gpt-build -nosrc <flavor>
Where flavor is the Globus Toolkit flavor you're passing to Ninf-G configure script.
(GT4 Admin Guide B.4. Using globus-makefile-header with a binary distribution)
$GLOBUS_LOCATION/ +etc | +grid-info-resource-ldif.conf (optional) (*1) | +grpc.schema (optional) | +gpt | | +packages | | +ng4grpcinfo (optional) | | +undeploy.xml (optional) | +ng4grpcinfo (optional) | +regist.xml (optional) | +server-config.wsdd (optional) | +jndi-config.xml (optional) +lib | +ng4grpcinfo.jar (optional) | +ng4grpcinfo_stubs.jar (optional) +share | +schema | +ng4grpcinfo (optional) | +GrpcInfo_flattened.wsdl (optional) | +GrpcInfo.wsdl (optional) | +GrpcInfo_service.wsdl (optional) | +GrpcInfo_bindings.wsdl (optional) +var +gridrpc (optional) +catldif (optional) +root.ldif (optional) +*.ldif (optional) *1) The information of Ninf-G was added to this file. $NG_DIR +bin | +base64encode | +globusflags | +ng_cc | +ng_delete_functions | +ng_dump_functions | +ng_gen | +ng_gen_dif | +ng_invoke_server.Condor (optional) | +ng_invoke_server.GT2c | +ng_invoke_server.GT4java (optional) | +ng_invoke_server.GT4py | +ng_invoke_server.SSH | +ng_invoke_server.NAREGISS (optional) | +ng_version +doc | +tutorial | +users_manual +etc | +gpt-query-result.txt | +ng_invoke_server.GTtempl | +ninfg-user-env.csh | +ninfg-user-env.sh | +server.conf +include | +grpc.h | +grpcError.h | +grpcLocal.h | +grpc_executable.h | +net.h | +ng.h | +ngClientInternal.h | +ngCommon.h | +ngConfig.h | +ngConfigFile.h | +ngEx.h | +ngExecutableInternal.h | +ngFunctionInformation.h | +ngInternal.h | +ngPlatform.h | +ngXML.h +lib +classad.jar (optional) +condorAPI.jar (optional) +condorIS.jar (optional) +gt4invokeserver.py +gt4invokeserverconfig.py +ioutils.py +libexpat.a +libngclient.a +libngcommon.a +libngexecutable.a +libnggrpc.a +libngnet.a +libngutility.a +ng_invoke_server.GT4.py +ng_invoke_server.jar (optional) +ngisgt4.jar (optional) +ngutils.py +template.mk +template.sh +uuid.py +naregissIS.jar (optional) +naregiss_is_execute.sh (optional)


Through a unique and client focused approach we manage to conceptualize, plan, execute, and deliver projects with short turnaround times. JIT (Just In Time) manufacturing is a methodology that originated in the 1970’s by Toyota. Over the years we have incorporated this methodology into the core of our business to achieve a lean process that focuses on output and efficiency.


LPSnackbar
open class LPSnackbar: Equatable
The controller for an LPSnackbarView
.
This class handles everything that has to do with showing, dismissing and performing actions in a LPSnackbarView
.
There are several static helper methods, which allow presenting a basic snack without needing instantiate an LPSnackbar
yourself.
-
The
LPSnackbarView
for the controller, access this view and it’s subviews to do any additional customization.Declaration
Swift
open lazy var view: LPSnackbarView =
-
The width percent of the total available size that the
view
should take up.Important
This should only be a value between
0.0
and1.0
. If this value is set past this range, the value will be reset to the default value of0.98
.Declaration
Swift
open var widthPercent: CGFloat = 0.98
-
The height for the
LPSnackbarView
.Important
Do not set the frame of the
view
yourself. Instead set thewidthPercent
andheight
. Setting the frame forview
can have unexpected results as the frame is calculated in a different way depending on many variables.Declaration
Swift
open var height: CGFloat = 40.0
-
The bottom spacing for the
view
.For example, by default the
view
is placed in the mainUIWindow
of an application with a default bottom spacing of12.0
, however, if you have aUITabBarController
you may want to increase the bottom spacing so that the snack is presented above the bar.Declaration
Swift
open var bottomSpacing: CGFloat = 12.0
-
Similar to the
bottomSpacing
property, except this is only used when multipleLPSnackbarViews
are stacked.Declaration
Swift
open var stackedBottomSpacing: CGFloat = 8.0
-
Whether or not the snackbar should adjust to fit within the safe area’s of it’s parent view.
Only used in iOS 11.0 +
Declaration
Swift
open var adjustsPositionForSafeArea: Bool = true
-
Optional view to display the
view
in, by default this isnil
, thus the mainUIWindow
is used for presentation.Declaration
Swift
open var viewToDisplayIn: UIView?
-
The duration for the animation of both the adding and removal of the
view
.Declaration
Swift
open var animationDuration: TimeInterval = 0.5
-
The completion block for an
LPSnackbar
,true
is sent if button was tapped,false
otherwise.Declaration
Swift
public typealias SnackbarCompletion = (Bool) -> Void
-
Creates an
LPSnackbar
.Important
If
buttonTitle
isnil
, no button will be displayed.Declaration
Swift
public init (title: String, buttonTitle: String?)
-
Creates an
LPSnackbar
.Important
If
attributedButtonTitle
isnil
, no button will be displayed.Declaration
Swift
public init(attributedTitle: NSAttributedString, attributedButtonTitle: NSAttributedString?)
-
Presents the snack to the screen
- displayDuration: How long to show the snack for, if
nil
, will show forever. Default =5.0
- animated: Whether or not the snack should animate in and out. Default =
true
- completion: The completion handler for when the snack is removed/button pressed. Default =
nil
Declaration
Swift
open func show(displayDuration: TimeInterval? = 5.0, animated: Bool = true, completion: SnackbarCompletion? = nil)
- displayDuration: How long to show the snack for, if
-
Allows you to manually dismiss the snack from the screen.
animated
: Whether or not to animate the view out.completeWithAction
: Whether or not if when dismissing, you want to pass true to theSnackbarCompletion
, which means that it will act as if the button was pressed by the user.
Declaration
Swift
open func dismiss(animated: Bool = true, completeWithAction: Bool = false)
-
Allows showing a simple snack without needing to instantiate any
LPSnackbar
Declaration
Swift
open static func showSnack(title: String, displayDuration: TimeInterval? = 5.0, completion: SnackbarCompletion? = nil)
-
Allows showing a simple, more customizable, snack without needing to instantiate any
LPSnackbar
Declaration
Swift
open static func showSnack(attributedTitle: NSAttributedString, displayDuration: TimeInterval? = 5.0, completion: SnackbarCompletion? = nil)


Score: 0
Speed: 5
Player: Use space bar to control the bird
Link to the tutorial: https://goo.gl/IZ28oE
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XYZ Controller
compact android mobile application for gcode streaming and controlling a cnc machine with grbl firmware
Features:
- Supports both Bluetooth and USB connections
- Simple and powerful jogging control
- Uses character counting streaming protocol
- Real time machine status reporting
- Probing (G38.3) with auto zero on Z-Axis
- Manual tool change with G43.1
- Four Highly Configurable Custom Buttons
- Application can work in background mode, by utilizing the less resources, there by consuming less power
Requirements
- Bluetooth enabled or USB Otg supported smart phone with android version >= 4.4 (Kit Kat or above)
- GRBL firmware version >= 1.1f
- Bluetooth module like HC-05 or HC-06 or USB Otg cable
Limitations
- No trimming of decimal places
- Does not remove any command which are not supported directly by grbl
- No expansion of Canned Drill cycles or M06 Tool Change or Arcs


Provides code to augment the Heritrix crawler for use with the CiteSeerX ingestion system. This includes JMS bridges and notification modules for submitting new jobs to Heritrix via JMS and subsequently monitoring their progress. Filters and extra processors are included that allow downloading of targeted content and writing additional metadata regarding downloaded materials.


Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) 4 stars out of 4. Starring Chow Yun-Fat, Michelle Yeoh, Zhang Ziyi, Chang Chen and Cheng Peipei. Written by James Schamus, Wang Hui Ling and Tsai Kuo Jung. Based on a novel by Wang Du Lu. Music by Tan Dun. Directed by Ang Lee. Rated PG-13.
If you see one movie this year, I strongly urge that it be Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.
This Ang Lee spectacle combines soaring adventure with a rousing love story.
It is epic filmmaking on a grand scale. Oh, and it is in Mandarin.
Lee, best known for work behind the camera on Sense and Sensibility and The Ice Storm, has returned to his roots, filming a novel by Wang Du Lu.
The story dealing with warrior wizards is similar to the stories Lee grew up with.
The protagonists of this two-hour epic are Li Mu Bai (Chow Yun-Fat), Shu Lien (Michelle Yeoh) and Jen Yu (Zhang Ziyi).
ChowÝs Li is a world-weary warrior ready to give up his ways. To prove so he asks Shu Lien to present his legendary sword, The Green Destiny, to Sir Te as a gift and token of his respect and devotion.
However, shortly after carrying out her mission, the sword is stolen by a mysterious warrior.
Li and Shu Lien then begin a series of adventures in which they seek the sword and this new warrior.
Meanwhile, Shu Lien grows close to Jen, a young woman betrothed in marriage who seeks an alternative life. She, of course, is the mysterious thief and is as skilled in the ways of the warrior as Li and Shu Lien.
Any description of this movie does it an injustice. It is one that must be seen to be appreciated. ItÝs grandeur and craftsmanship must be viewed first-hand..
Especially spectacular are the martial arts sequences, choreographed by Woo-ping Yuen, who also staged the fights in The Matrix. Here, the combatants fly over rooftops, confront each other on slim tree limbs hundreds of feet of the ground and glide over water.
ItÝs a breathtaking experience.
But what really makes Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon so appealing is the human element. Screenwriters James Schamus, Wang Hui Ling and Tsai Kuo Jung present us with characters who have a history, who have weight.
The unrequited love between Li and Shu Lien, their warrior code, their sacrifices, are all the more poignant because we come to care for them.
Jen, too, is presented as a complex, headstrong individual who wrestles with herself before finally deciding on a path to follow.
What is also interesting is that for a movie of this stripe, the bloodshed is at a minimum. ItÝs the beauty of the combat that Lee emphasizes, not the outcome.
Lee is ably assisted by cinematographer Peter Pau, who has captured some exquisite landscapes and vistas, as well as the music of Tan Dun ˇ aided by cello solos by Yo-Yo Ma ˇ which sets a kind of mythic tone for the movie.
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is an exuberant movie exercise. It neatly captures the potential of the cinema to take you into a foreign culture and get you caught up in its mythology.
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is a sure bet to win the best foreign language film at the Academy Awards. I also think Lee should be recognized in the directorÝs category for this splendid achievement.
This is a must-see experience for anyone who loves movies. It will leave you gasping, awed and overwhelmed. Don't deny yourselves the pleasure of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. It is monumental.
Bob Bloom is the film critic at the Journal and Courier in Lafayette, IN. He can be reached by e-mail at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Other reviews by Bloom can be found at www.jconline.com by clicking on golafayette. Bloom's reviews also can be found on the Web at the Internet Movie Database site: http://www.imdb.com/M/reviews_by?Bob+Bloom
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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API Reference
Setup
-
args.ArgParser(helptext=None, version=None)
-
Initializes a new
ArgParser
instance. Supplying help text activates an automatic--help
flag; supplying a version string activates an automatic--version
flag. (Automatic-h
and-v
shortcuts are also activated unless registered by other options.) -
.parse()
-
Parses the application's command line arguments.
Flags and Options
-
.flag(name)
-
Registers a new flag. The
name
parameter accepts an unlimited number of space-separated aliases and single-character shortcuts. -
.option(name, type=str, default=None)
-
Registers a new option. The
name
parameter accepts an unlimited number of space-separated aliases and single-character shortcuts. Options are string-valued by default but thetype
parameter can be changed toint
,float
, or any other callable which can parse a string value. A default value can be specified which will be used if the option is not found.
Retrieving Values
-
.count(name)
-
Returns the number of times the specified flag or option was found.
-
.found(name)
-
Returns
True
if the specified flag or option was found,False
if not. -
.value(name)
-
Returns the value of the specified option. Returns the default value if the option was not found. (Not valid for flags.)
-
.values(name)
-
Returns the specified option's list of values. (Not valid for flags.)
Positional Arguments
-
.args
-
Stores the positional arguments as a list of strings.
Commands
-
.command(name, helptext=None, callback=None)
-
Registers a new command. The
name
parameter accepts an unlimited number of space-separated aliases. Returns the command'sArgParser
instance which can be used to register the command's flags and options. If the command is found, thecallback
function will be called with the command's name andArgParser
instance as arguments. -
.command_name
-
Stores the command name if a command was found, otherwise
None
. -
.command_parser
-
Stores the command parser if a command was found, otherwise
None
. -
.help_command
-
Boolean switch; activates support for an automatic
help
command which prints subcommand helptext. (Defaults toFalse
but gets toggled toTrue
whenever a command is registered.)


Location: {{searchedUser.location}}
Number of repos: {{searchedUser.repoCount}}
Member since: {{searchedUser.userSince | date}}
Last active: {{searchedUser.lastActive | date}}
Followers: {{searchedUser.followerCount}}
Following: {{searchedUser.followingCount}}
Repository selection:
{{repo.repoName}} {{repo.language}} | {{repo.stars}} stars Website
{{repo.description}}
Selected starred repositories:
{{repo.authorName}}/{{repo.repoName}} {{repo.language}} | {{repo.stars}} stars | Website


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Special Projects
This story is part of a series of specially designed stories that represents some of the best journalism The Post has to offer. Check out the rest of the special projects here.
12/6/2018
Eight months after the April 15 explosion at 104 W. Union St., Thai Paradise rebuilt, but Cycle Path Bicycles is still not open.
Rick Sirois, director of Athens code enforcement, said the second floor of Cycle Path Bicycles is condemned and the code office is currently waiting to see what the owners will do with the property. The building had a bike shop on the first floor and apartments on the second floor.
“As for as the code violations, those code violations would have been corrected, they were small items,” Sirois said. “But it is kind of mute now because the whole second floor has been condemned and they’ll have to redo the structure.”
Sirois said the building will have to be brought back up to code before it reopens.
Cycle Path Bicycles did not comment after multiple contact attempts.
Thai Paradise, 102 W. Union St., sits to the right of Cycle Path Bicycles. Beth Simon, manager and financée of the owner, said Thai Paradise had to close from April to June in order to fix the building. She said she brought in the original contractors from when the building originally opened.
Midge Mazur | FOR THE POST
An explosion caused by gas occured at 104 West Union Street today. At least one injury has occured from the incident.
“Our roof was punctured by a lot of the debris and when we had to fix that, we had to redo the whole roof,” Simon said. “Then we had to do the heating and cooling because the vents were damaged and the water tank because our water tank was in that corner.”
Simon said she moved employees to the other locations of Thai Paradise in Pickerington and Buckeye Lake.
“It was slow going talking to the insurance, getting the funds in and make sure that we could also support our staff at the same time, too,” Simon said. “We are a family business so we care about what happens to our staff, not just while we’re open but also while we’re closed so we tried to help them while we could.”
Locke Wolf, owner of the Smiling Skull Saloon, 108 W. Union St., said the Smiling Skull was not affected by the explosion.
“The only affect we really had was just talk,” Wolf said. “It created a little bit of pandemonium.”
He said he was sad to see a local business have to close and rebuild.
“It was a bummer to see the bike shop close and still be closed. You never want to see a local business have to struggle like that and go through rebuilding,” Wolf said. “I would never wish that on a business or any local business however.”
Landing Page
This story is part of a series of specially designed stories that represents some of the best journalism The Post has to offer. Check out the rest of the special projects here.


---
layout: post
title: Storyboard thumbnails
date: '2018-02-14T11:30:14+01:00'
categories:
- Storyboards
- Sketchbooks
- Sketches
picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/170875557998/rough-Storyboards-thumbnails
---
rough Storyboards thumbnails


{% extends "layout.main.html" %} {% block content %}
List of hostnames allowed to access localshop with credentials
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Getting here is quite easy. We are located 20 mins form the paradise island airport.
When arriving please call our air port shuttle to pick you up and bring you to the resort.
You will be greeted by our front desk to show you to your accomodations.


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Amyan Al-ZawahiriIn his book The New Jackals, terrorism expert Simon Reeve quotes an intelligence official who says "Going after (Osama bin Laden) to stop terror is like going after the Colonel to attack KFC."Pursuing Ayman Al-Zawahiri, on the other hand, is more going after Dick Cheney to stop the Bush administration. It's kind of crazy, but it just might work. Zawahiri is the CEO of al Qaeda, as opposed to bin Laden's chairman of the board. A lifelong jihadist with a globe-sized chip on his shoulder, Zawahiri is the No. 2 most wanted terrorist in the world, after only bin Laden himself. He's widely characterized as the No. 2 man in al Qaeda. Born in 1951, Zawahiri is a senior statesman in the world of international terrorism (owing in part to the fact that many of his colleagues have had "early retirements"). His aliases include Abu Muhammad, Abu Fatima, Muhammad Ibrahim, Abu Abdallah, Abu al-Mu'iz, The Doctor, Dr. Mo'ez, The Teacher, Nur, Ustaz, Abu Mohammed, Abu Mohammed Nur al-Deen, Abdel Muaz. This might be useful information if you're looking to collect the $25 million bounty offered by the U.S. government for his capture, but only experienced bounty hunters need apply. Zawahiri has spent a lifetime waging jihad around the globe. His specialties include assassination and suicide bombing, and he's gathered a virtual army of mujahideen fighters around himself. Unless you happen to be Chuck Norris, you might want to stay home and read a good book. Before al QaedaLong before al Qaeda was a homicidal glimmer in Osama bin Laden's eye, Ayman al-Zawahiri was making a name for himself as an international terrorist of mystery.As a Egyptian teenager in the 1960s, Zawahiri opted against flower power and instead signed up for a terrorist group called "The Muslim Brotherhood," which was founded in the 1920s and active in the 1960s, according to Jane's Intelligence Review. A licensed physician, Zawahiri managed to squeeze medical school in between mounting spectacular terrorist attacks and spending time in jail. Zawahiri worked his way through various movements to overthrow the secular Egyptian government, ending with Islamic Jihad, which assassinated Egyptian president Anwar Sadat in 1981. Zawahiri spent time in prison on charges related to the assassination. After Sadat's death, Islamic Jihad fractured and Zawahiri took charge of half the schism. Under his leadership, the organization rose to new heights (or more properly, sank to new depths). Under heavy pressure from the Egyptian government, Zawahiri relocated himself and his power base to Afghanistan -- where a certain Osama bin Laden was making a name for himself fighting off the Soviet invasion. Although Zawahiri and bin Laden worked closely together for many years, their alliance didn't get the Bad Housekeeping Official Seal of Approval until the late 1990s. Islamic Jihad continued as a purportedly independent group until 2001, when it was formally folded in to al Qaeda according to the Center for Defense Information.
Coming to AmericaAmong his many roles in terrorist circles, Zawahiri has acted as a fundraiser. To accomplish this task, one naturally has to go where the funds are; so Zawahiri set out for sunny California in two separate trips during the mid-1990s.Zawahiri's U.S. travels were facilitated by a senior al Qaeda agent named Ali Mohammed. A former member of both the Egyptian and U.S. armies, Mohammed was a sometime FBI informant and used that status to divert attention away from his day job, director of security for Osama bin Laden. In the 1980s, Mohammed trained several of the 1993 World Trade Center bombers in explosives and paramilitary fighting techniques during weekend leaves from his posting with the U.S. Special Forces at Fort Bragg. Through the 1990s, the naturalized U.S. citizen shuttled back and forth between his Santa Clara home base and al Qaeda's Sudan compounds, where he trained bin Laden's personal bodyguards and directed security arrangments. Working with a compatriot, Mohammed helped smuggle Zawahiri into the country once in the early 1990s and again in 1995. He took the senior leader across the country on fundraising trips under the guise of charity. Some of the money raised on these trips went to bomb an Egyptian embassy in Pakistan in November 1995. According to the Sacremento Bee, Zawahiri netted about $500,000 between the two trips, not too shabby although the amount is disputed in various reports.
All-Purpose IdealogueYou would think that being a doctor, a terrorist mastermind and a glad-handing fundraiser would be enough to keep anyone busy, but Zawahiri also manages to find the time for writing.In keeping with his pattern of overachievement in every area except pacifism, Zawahiri is considered one of the world's leading militant Islamic ideaologues. Although he doesn't appear to claim to formal clerical authority, Zawahiri's father and uncle were extremely prominent Islamic scholars and clerics, and Zawahiri's work has deeply influenced bin Laden's theological pronouncements. Zawahiri's 1991 book Bitter Harvest covered the failures of his terrorist forefathers and a moral justification for nearly indiscriminate murder under the pretext of jihad. Among other things, he attacked almost every other Islamist movement on earth for not being as committed (read: crazy) as him. In a genre not renowned for its gentility, Zawahiri's writings have been termed "apocalyptic." Naturally, this has made them very popular in certain insane circles. A more recent book, Knights Under the Prophet's Banner, reflects Zawahiri's perception of himself in the post-9/11 world (it was penned in an Afghanistan cave while under heavy fire from the U.S.). Described by some as his "last will and testament," alleged excerpts were recently translated and published by the Federation of American Scientists. The book documents his terror career in some detail as well as providing various justifications for violence and terror, such as the following:
Only Second Most Wanted?Zawahiri is clearly the primary intellectual force behind al Qaeda. He reportedly played critical roles in consolidating al Qaeda's alliances with other terror groups and he is believed to be deeply involved in operational planning for terrorist attacks.During the Afghan war, American bombing raids killed one of his wives and two of his children, according to a London-based Arabic-language newspaper. Zawahiri is also under indictment in the U.S. for his role in al Qaeda's 1998 bombings of U.S. embassies in Tanzania and Kenya. He is thought to have played a role in both the 1993 attack on the World Trade Center and the 9/11 attacks. Most terrorism experts consider Zawahiri more dangerous than bin Laden, both intellectually and ideologically. His influence is far-reaching; gaining footholds even among potential U.S. allies in the Middle East, such as the Kurds. According to the New Yorker, Zawahiri helped inspire the relatively recent formation of a terrorist group among the traditionally moderate Kurds, who are among America's few allies in its impending war against Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein. Zawahiri is thought to be hiding in the mountainous border between Afghanistan and Pakistan, in the same general vicinity as bin Laden. Sadly, Zawahiri had proven himself to be a tenacious survivor. In 2005, Osama bin Laden went silent, and his deputy emerged as the voice of al Qaeda proper in a series of video and audio messages on a wide variety of topics. Zawahiri made several video and audio pronouncements in 2005, including a video taking credit for the July 2005 London bombings. His string of public pronouncements generally claimed a trend toward victory in the war with the West, impending victory in Afghanistan and current victory in Iraq (citing the first withdrawals of American troops). In a saga one might entitle All About Ayman, if one were feeling puckish, Zarqawi has also spent a great deal of energy trying to rein in Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the rising young diva of al Qaeda in Iraq. Fasten your seat belts, it's going to be a bumpy jihad! The major issue between the two men, aside from ego, stems from Zarqawi's unfortunate tendency to attack his fellow Muslims. Neither of the Z-Men is particularly fond of Shi'ites, but Zawahiri appears to be on-board with Osama bin Laden's goal of uniting all Muslims under a single flag. Zarqawi, on the other hand, would like to unite all non-Sunni Muslims (whom he affectionally refers to as "apostates") in a single, unmarked mass grave. The price of fame, of course, is visibility, as Zawahiri has discovered in a series of near-misses with American missiles. After the most recent of these incidents -- a January 2006 attack in Pakistan by CIA assassination drones -- Zawahiri went deeper underground, but not (apparently) the full six feet under that the Company had been shooting for. The hunt continues, but with complications. The Pakistanis were not amused to find American missiles raining down on the heads of their villages, especially since several civilians were killed in the 2006 strike. inspiring riots among a populace that is generally never more than three steps away from open revolt. Hopefully, Zawahiri's next public appearance in Pakistan won't be his inauguration as president. Stranger things have happened.
|


class HMultiReader(MultiReader):
Known subclasses: cocopp.readalign.HArrayMultiReader
List of data arrays to be aligned horizontally.
Aligned horizontally means all the function values are lesser than (or equal to) the current alignment function value.
| Method | __init__ |
accepts a list of arrays or a MultiReader (i.e. a list of SingleReader ) as input data type |
| Method | align |
Undocumented |
| Method | calculateCurrentValue |
Undocumented |
| Method | getInitialValue |
Undocumented |
| Method | isFinished |
Is finished when we found the last alignment value reached. |
| Method | newCurrentValue |
Undocumented |
| Instance Variable | idx |
Undocumented |
| Instance Variable | idxCurrentF |
Undocumented |
| Instance Variable | idxCurrentFOld |
Undocumented |
| Instance Variable | idxData |
Undocumented |
| Instance Variable | isNegative |
Undocumented |
| Instance Variable | nbPtsF |
Undocumented |
Inherited from MultiReader
:
| Class | SingleReader |
Single data array reader class. |
| Method | currentLine |
Aggregates currentLines information. |
| Method | currentValues |
Gets the list of the current alignment values. |
| Method | nextValues |
Gets the list of the next alignment values. |
| Instance Variable | isHArray |
Undocumented |
cocopp.readalign.MultiReader.__init__
cocopp.readalign.HArrayMultiReader


About
I'm Shabih Ali, a UX Designer designer born in Patna, studying from Nift Mumbai. I am a trained Designer with a focused on research and identifying a problem through the UX process. I Iike being involved in innovation and human-centric design. My aim is to design products which users would loves to use product physically, mentally and emotionally.
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class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Plotting I ### Introduction to R
Bern R Bootcamp
### June 2020 --- layout: true
        www.therbootcamp.com      R Bootcamp Bern | June 2020
 --- .pull-left4[

 > ### As good as R is for statistics, it's as good if not better for data visualisation > ### Nathaniel D. Phillips ] .pull-right6[
  ] --- .pull-left45[ # Base R Plotting The <high>classic framework</high> of plotting. Contains separate <high>function for each 'type'</high> of plot. E.g. `barplot()` for a bar plot, `boxplot()` for a box plot, and `plot()` for a scatterplot.
 ```r # Histogram in base R hist(x = baselers$age, xlab = "Age", ylab = "Frequency", main = "Baselers Age") ``` ] .pull-right5[

  ] --- .pull-left45[ # Base R Plotting The <high>classic framework</high> of plotting. Contains separate <high>function for each 'type'</high> of plot. E.g. `barplot()` for a bar plot, `boxplot()` for a box plot, and `plot()` for a scatterplot.
 ```r # Boxplot in base R boxplot(formula = height ~ sex, data = baselers, xlab = "Sex", ylab = "Height", main = "Box plot") ``` ] .pull-right45[

  ] --- .pull-left45[ # Base R Plotting The <high>classic framework</high> of plotting. Contains separate <high>function for each 'type'</high> of plot. E.g. `barplot()` for a bar plot, `boxplot()` for a box plot, and `plot()` for a scatterplot.
 ```r # Scatterplot in base R plot(x = baselers$height, y = baselers$income, xlab = "Height", ylab = "Income", main = "Scatterplot") ``` ] .pull-right45[

  ] --- # Problems with Base R plotting .pull-left35[ - Default plots look pretty <high>outdated</high>.
 - Plots can quickly require a <high>LOT of code</high>.
 - Can't store plots as <high>objects</high> to reference and update later

<high>Solution: `ggplot2` </high>
  ] .pull-right55[ This plot would take <high>a lot of code in Base R</high> but <high>just 10 lines of code</high>, 5 of which controlling the labels, in `ggplot2`.  ] --- # Grammar of Graphics in `ggplot2` .pull-left45[ The <high>Grammar of graphics</high> breaks down plots into several key pieces: | Aesthetics| Description| |:------|:----| | Data| What dataframe contains the data?| | axes| What does the x-axis, y-axis, color (etc) represent?| | color| What does color represent? | | size | What does size represent? | | geometries| What kind of geometric object do you want to plot?| | facets| Should there be groups of plots?| ] .pull-right45[  ] --- # Our goal: Creating this plot .pull-left45[ <high>Data</high> - Use the `mpg` tibble <high>Aesthetics</high> - Engine displacement (`disp`) on the x axis - Highway miles per gallon (`hwy`) on the y-axis - Color plotting elements by the `class` of car <high>Geometric objects</high> - Show data as points - Add a regression line <high>Labels and themes</high> - Add plotting labels - Use a black and white plotting theme ] .pull-right45[  ] --- # `ggplot()` .pull-left45[ To <high>create a ggplot2 object</high>, use the `ggplot()` function `ggplot()` has two main arguments: - `data` - A data frame (aka `tibble`) - `mapping` - A call to `aes()` ] .pull-right45[ ```r ggplot(data = mpg) ```  ] --- # `ggplot()` .pull-left45[ An <high>aesthetic mapping</high> is a visual property of the objects in your plot. Use `aes()` to assign columns in your dataframe to properties in your plot. Common aesthetics are... | aesthetics| Description| |:------|:----| | `x`, `y`| Data mapped to coordinates| | `color`, `fill`| Border and fill colors| | `alpha`| Transparency| | `size`| Size| | `shape`| Shape| ] .pull-right45[ ```r ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) ```  ] --- # Adding elements to plots with `+` .pull-left45[ Once you have specified the `data` argument, and global aesthetics with `mapping = aes()`, <high>add additional elements to the plot with `+`</high>. The `+` operator works just like the pipe `%>%` in `dplyr`. <high>It just means "and then..."</high> ```r ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + #and then geom_point() ``` ] .pull-right45[  ] --- # Geometric objects (`geom`) .pull-left4[ A <high>`geom`</high> is a geometric object in a plot that represents data To add a geom to a plot, just include ` + geom_X()` where X is the type of geom. Common geoms are... | geom| output| |:------|:----| | `geom_point()`| Points| | `geom_bar()`| Bar| | `geom_boxplot()`| Boxplot | `geom_count()`| Points with size reflecting frequency| | `geom_smooth()`| Smoothed line| ] .pull-right45[  ] --- .pull-left45[
 ## `geom_boxplot()`
 ```r ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = class, y = hwy)) + geom_boxplot() ```  ] .pull-right45[
 ## `geom_violin()`
 ```r ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = class, y = hwy)) + geom_violin() ```  ] --- .pull-left45[
 ## `geom_bar()`
 ```r ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = class)) + geom_bar() ```  ] .pull-right45[
 ## `geom_count()`
 ```r ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) + geom_count() ```  ] --- # `aes()` .pull-left45[ <high>`color`</high> geoms according to a variable. ```r ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy, color = class)) + geom_point() ```
 `mpg`
 | displ| hwy|class | year| |-----:|---:|:-------|----:| | 3.0| 26|compact | 1999| | 4.7| 12|suv | 2008| | 2.8| 26|compact | 1999| | 4.7| 15|suv | 1999| | 4.0| 19|suv | 1999| ] .pull-right45[
  ] --- # What's next? .pull-left45[  ] .pull-right45[  ] --- # `geom_smooth()` .pull-left45[ `geom_smooth()` adds a <high>smoothed line</high>. Change how the line is created with `method` (e.g., `method = lm`). Color the line with `col`.
 ```r ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy, col = class)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth(col = "blue") ``` ] .pull-right45[  ] --- # `geom_smooth()` .pull-left45[ `geom_smooth()` adds a <high>smoothed line</high>. Change how the line is created with `method` (e.g., `method = lm`). Color the line with `col`
 ```r ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy, col = class)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth(col = "blue", method = "lm") ``` ] .pull-right45[  ] --- # Overriding aesthetics .pull-left45[ If you add additional plotting aesthetics, they will <high>override</high> the general plotting aesthetics. This is what happens, when you don't override...
 ```r ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy, col = class)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth() # no overriding ``` ] .pull-right45[  ] --- # What's next? .pull-left45[  ] .pull-right45[  ] --- # `labs()` .pull-left45[ You can add <high>labels</high> to a plot with the `labs()` function `labs()` arguments are ... - `title` - Main title - `subtitle` - Subtitle - `caption` - Caption below ```r ggplot(...) + labs(x = "Engine Displ...", y = "Highway miles...", title = "MPG data", subtitle = "Cars with ...", caption = "Source...") ``` ] .pull-right45[  ] --- # What's next? .pull-left45[  ] .pull-right45[  ] --- # Themes with `theme_XX()` .pull-left45[ A plotting <high>theme</high> controls many aspects of its <high>overall look</high>, from the background, to the grid lines, to the label font to the spacing between plot labels and the plotting space. Themes built into `ggplot2` `theme_bw()`
 `theme_minimal()`
 `theme_classic()`
 `theme_light()`
 `theme_void()` Themes from the `ggthemes` package `theme_excel()`
 `theme_economist()`
 etc. ] .pull-right45[ ```r ggplot(...) + theme_gray() # The Default theme ```  ] --- # Themes with `theme_XX()` .pull-left45[ A plotting <high>theme</high> controls many aspects of its <high>overall look</high>, from the background, to the grid lines, to the label font to the spacing between plot labels and the plotting space. Themes built into `ggplot2` `theme_bw()`
 `theme_minimal()`
 `theme_classic()`
 `theme_light()`
 `theme_void()` Themes from the `ggthemes` package `theme_excel()`
 `theme_economist()`
 etc. ] .pull-right45[ ```r ggplot(...) + theme_light() ```  ] --- # Themes with `theme_XX()` .pull-left45[ A plotting <high>theme</high> controls many aspects of its <high>overall look</high>, from the background, to the grid lines, to the label font to the spacing between plot labels and the plotting space. Themes built into `ggplot2` `theme_bw()`
 `theme_minimal()`
 `theme_classic()`
 `theme_light()`
 `theme_void()` Themes from the `ggthemes` package `theme_excel()`
 `theme_economist()`
 etc. ] .pull-right45[ ```r ggplot(...) + theme_void() ```  ] --- # Themes with `theme_XX()` .pull-left45[ A plotting <high>theme</high> controls many aspects of its <high>overall look</high>, from the background, to the grid lines, to the label font to the spacing between plot labels and the plotting space. Themes built into `ggplot2` `theme_bw()`
 `theme_minimal()`
 `theme_classic()`
 `theme_light()`
 `theme_void()` Themes from the `ggthemes` package `theme_excel()`
 `theme_economist()`
 etc. ] .pull-right45[ ```r ggplot(...) + theme_excel() ```  ] --- # Themes with `theme_XX()` .pull-left45[ A plotting <high>theme</high> controls many aspects of its <high>overall look</high>, from the background, to the grid lines, to the label font to the spacing between plot labels and the plotting space. Themes built into `ggplot2`: `theme_bw()`
 `theme_minimal()`
 `theme_classic()`
 `theme_light()`
 `theme_void()` Themes from the `ggthemes` package `theme_excel()`
 `theme_economist()`
 etc. ] .pull-right45[ ```r ggplot(...) + theme_economist() ```  ] --- # Final result! .pull-left45[ ```r ggplot(data = mpg, mapping = aes(x = displ, y = hwy, col = class)) + geom_point() + geom_smooth(col = "blue", method = "lm")+ labs(x = "Engine Displ. in Liters", y = "Highway miles per gallon", title = "MPG data", subtitle = "Cars with higher...", caption = "Source: mpg data...") + theme_bw() ``` ] .pull-right45[  ] --- class: middle, center
Practical


For the last couple weeks I’ve been doing some house keeping before going on vacation. I’m working on a paper using PSID panel data and want to do my work in Python. The problem is that the PSID data comes in SAS format, with a .txt ASCII file containing the data and a .sas (or .do or .spss) file containing instructions on how to interpret the file. In order to deal with these files, Florian Oswald has written an R package to download the data and build a panel. I’ve been transcribing the package into Python and struggled for several days with posting to the online form in order to login and download data. This post is about how to do that and what I found to be the easiest solution.
Different Methods to Do the Same things
The standard for connecting to a website from Python, R, etc., is cURL, a free software library for transferring data through http. The problem is that in Python the libcurl wrapper is not at all pythonic. Unless you are familiar with using http you will struggle, as I did, for days trying to get the functions to work. As usual, though, there is a module to fix that!
The slogan for the Requests module is “HTTP for Humans”. Ah, finally something I can understand! The module does all of the heavy lifting for you and even anticipates some of your needs. I encourage you, if you are going to be using it at all often, to get familiar with what the package can do by perusing the read me. This will also give you a chance to learn about http if you are unfamiliar (as I was).
Requests
So to get started, let’s see how to make a simple request (this example is taken from the Requests website). First, import requests (given that you’ve already installed the module):
import requests
Requests is object oriented, so you post requests to a webpage and the generated object contains all of the response information you might need. For example, run
r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
The returned r
object contains a bunch of methods you can use to retrieve information from the returned html. For instance r.url
will return the associated url
, while r.text
will return the entire html
webpage. There a ton of methods that are very useful, so I suggest you get familiar by reading the user guide.
What We Are Going to Do
So, in order to save time and space I’m going to combine two topics here. We’ll take as a working example posting to the PSID website to login. If you want to follow along, I suggest you register for an account here. The PSID Data Center is what is known as an ASP web application. That really just refers to the architecture on which the site is built, but it has implicaitons for posting a login to the page. ASP sites often have different requirements for form fields, or the information they need in order to allow you to login. Because of this there are two things that you will need to do: scrape and post.
First of all, you must scrape the page. What does this mean? To better explain, follow these steps:
- First of all, navigate to the PSID login page linked above.
- Right click on the login field (or anywhere for that matter) and click “Inspect Element”.
- Navigate to the network tab and click on the clear button (similar to a “Do Not…” symbol in the states).
- Now login using your username and password. In the inspect element field you should see a bunch of information appear. If not, start over because you must have done something wrong. My screen looks like this:
- One of the elements (probably the first) will be
Login.aspx
. Click on this and it will pop up a frame with several tabs. SelectHeaders
. - Scroll down to
Form Data
You made it! What you are looking at is a list of the required fields to post a login form on the PSID website. In order for your program to login you must provide all of this information. When writing a program to post a form, this is the first thing you should do to find out what fields you need to know.
So, in order to login we’ll follow the following steps:
- Post a
request
to the page to retrieve thehtml
. - “Scrape” the page to find the required form field values.
- Re-post a
request
to login.
But wait, what is scraping!? Scraping refers to searching a webpage for key terms. This is how Google builds its search results (or one of the many steps in what they do). We don’t actually have to do all the work to do this, as Beautiful Soup is going to do all of it for us. So let’s get down to business.
The Initial Get
Since we’ve already imported requests, the first thing we’ll do is create a requests
session object and define the login url:
c = requests.Session()
URL = 'http://simba.isr.umich.edu/u/login.aspx'
Now we want to retrieve the html
for the page:
page = c.get(URL)
Next, use the Beautiful Soup package to scrape the page and define a params
dictionary object that contains all of your form variables:
#Import Beautiful Soup
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
#Use the beautifulsoup package to scrape for form variables
soup = BeautifulSoup(page.content)
viewstate = soup.findAll("input", {"type": "hidden",
"name": "__VIEWSTATE"})
radscript = soup.findAll("input", {"type": "hidden",
"name": "RadScriptManager1_TSM"})
viewstategenerator = soup.findAll("input", {"type": "hidden",
"name": "__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR"})
eventvalidation = soup.findAll("input", {"type": "hidden",
"name": "__EVENTVALIDATION"})
radscript = soup.findAll("input", {"type": "hidden", "name":
"RadScriptManager1_TSM"})
#Gather form data into a single dictionary
params = {'RadScriptManager1_TSM': radscript[0]['value'],
'__EVENTTARGET': '',
' __EVENTARGUMENT': '',
'__VIEWSTATE': viewstate[0]['value'],
'__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR': viewstategenerator[0]['value'],
'__EVENTVALIDATION': eventvalidation[0]['value'],
'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$Login1$UserName': USERNAME,
'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$Login1$Password': PASSWORD,
'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$Login1$LoginButton': 'Log In',
'ctl00_RadWindowManager1_ClientState': ''}
You’ll want to replace USERNAME
and PASSWORD
with your own. Notice that I left some of the form fields blank. This is because they are blank whenever I submit this form, but I kept them here in case it is different for others.
Now, post the form:
c.post(URL, data=params, headers={"Referer": "http://psidonline.isr.umich.edu/"})
Here the headers={"Referer": "http://psidonline.isr.umich.edu/"}
tells the website that you came from within the site and are not just posting the form directly (which is actually what you are doing, but the site doesn’t seem to like that…). Now the reason for using the session object should become clear. c
now contains a cookie that you can use to move within the site. For example, let’s say you wanted to download a the zipped family interview files from 1968. Then you could simply run the following line:
data = c.get('http://simba.isr.umich.edu/Zips/GetFile.aspx?file=1056',
allow_redirects=False)
Now data
contains a binary zip file with the data you requested. You can use the ZipFile module to unzip and save this, but that’s for another post!
Conclusion
Overall, posting to webpages is not something that I or other economists need to do very often. However, when we do need to do it it is because we need data. These data files can sometimes be large or there could be many of them. Using the requests
package to automate logging into a database can save us tons of time, as we can let the computer do all of the work for us! In any case, if you have any comments or questions, please let me know!


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Compiled by Harpreet Siddhu
for the Data Visualization
Course at University of Illinois Urbana Champaign
The visualizations are based on publicly available data On Indian Premier League (IPL)
which I will be using to visualize teams and players stats!
Let's Go!!


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