The DateTime class (PHP 5 >= 5.2.0, PHP 7) 简介 Representation of date and time. 类摘要 DateTime implements DateTimeInterface { /* 常量 */ const string ATOM = "Y-m-d\TH:i:sP" ; const string COOKIE = "l, d-M-Y H:i:s T" ; const string ISO8601 = "Y-m-d\TH:i:sO" ; const string RFC822 = "D, d M y H:i:s O" ; const string RFC850 = "l, d-M-y H:i:s T" ; const string RFC1036 = "D, d M y H:i:s O" ; const string RFC1123 = "D, d M Y H:i:s O" ; const string RFC2822 = "D, d M Y H:i:s O" ; const string RFC3339 = "Y-m-d\TH:i:sP" ; const string RSS = "D, d M Y H:i:s O" ; const string W3C = "Y-m-d\TH:i:sP" ; /* 方法 */ public __construct ([ string $time = "now" [, DateTimeZone $timezone = NULL ]] ) public DateTime add ( DateInterval $interval ) public static DateTime createFromFormat ( string $format , string $time [, DateTimeZone $timezone = date_default_timezone_get() ] ) public static array getLastErrors ( void ) public DateTime modify ( string $modify ) public static DateTime __set_state ( array $array ) public DateTime setDate ( int $year , int $month , int $day ) public DateTime setISODate ( int $year , int $week [, int $day = 1 ] ) public DateTime setTime ( int $hour , int $minute [, int $second = 0 ] ) public DateTime setTimestamp ( int $unixtimestamp ) public DateTime setTimezone ( DateTimeZone $timezone ) public DateTime sub ( DateInterval $interval ) public DateInterval diff ( DateTimeInterface $datetime2 [, bool $absolute = false ] ) public string format ( string $format ) public int getOffset ( void ) public int getTimestamp ( void ) public DateTimeZone getTimezone ( void ) public __wakeup ( void ) } 预定义常量 DateTime::ATOM DATE_ATOM Atom (example: 2005-08-15T15:52:01+00:00) DateTime::COOKIE DATE_COOKIE HTTP Cookies (example: Monday, 15-Aug-2005 15:52:01 UTC) DateTime::ISO8601 DATE_ISO8601 ISO-8601 (example: 2005-08-15T15:52:01+0000) Note: This format is not compatible with ISO-8601, but is left this way for backward compatibility reasons. Use DateTime::ATOM or DATE_ATOM for compatibility with ISO-8601 instead. DateTime::RFC822 DATE_RFC822 RFC 822 (example: Mon, 15 Aug 05 15:52:01 +0000) DateTime::RFC850 DATE_RFC850 RFC 850 (example: Monday, 15-Aug-05 15:52:01 UTC) DateTime::RFC1036 DATE_RFC1036 RFC 1036 (example: Mon, 15 Aug 05 15:52:01 +0000) DateTime::RFC1123 DATE_RFC1123 RFC 1123 (example: Mon, 15 Aug 2005 15:52:01 +0000) DateTime::RFC2822 DATE_RFC2822 RFC 2822 (example: Mon, 15 Aug 2005 15:52:01 +0000) DateTime::RFC3339 DATE_RFC3339 Same as DATE_ATOM (since PHP 5.1.3) DateTime::RSS DATE_RSS RSS (example: Mon, 15 Aug 2005 15:52:01 +0000) DateTime::W3C DATE_W3C World Wide Web Consortium (example: 2005-08-15T15:52:01+00:00) 更新日志 版本 说明 5.5.0 The class now implements DateTimeInterface. 5.4.24 The COOKIE constant was changed to reflect RFC 1036 using a four digit year rather than a two digit year (RFC 850) as prior versions. DateTime object comparison with the comparison operators changed to work 5.2.2 as expected. Previously, all DateTime objects were considered equal (using ==). Table of Contents • DateTime::add — Adds an amount of days, months, years, hours, minutes and seconds to a DateTime object • DateTime::__construct — Returns new DateTime object • DateTime::createFromFormat — Returns new DateTime object formatted according to the specified format • DateTime::getLastErrors — Returns the warnings and errors • DateTime::modify — Alters the timestamp • DateTime::__set_state — The __set_state handler • DateTime::setDate — Sets the date • DateTime::setISODate — Sets the ISO date • DateTime::setTime — Sets the time • DateTime::setTimestamp — Sets the date and time based on an Unix timestamp • DateTime::setTimezone — Sets the time zone for the DateTime object • DateTime::sub — Subtracts an amount of days, months, years, hours, minutes and seconds from a DateTime object User Contributed Notes 17 notes =============================================================================== DateTime does not support split seconds (microseconds or milliseconds etc.) I don't know why this isn't documented. The class constructor will accept them without complaint, but they are discarded. There does not appear to be a way to take a string like "2012-07-08 11:14:15.638276" and store it in an objective form in a complete way. So you cannot do date math on two strings such as: diff($d1); print_r( $diff ) ; /* returns: DateInterval Object ( [y] => 0 [m] => 0 [d] => 0 [h] => 0 [i] => 0 [s] => 0 [invert] => 0 [days] => 0 ) */ ?> You get back 0 when you actually want to get 0.251066 seconds. =============================================================================== DateTime supports microseconds since 5.2.2. This is mentioned in the documentation for the date function, but bears repeating here. You can create a DateTime with fractional seconds and retrieve that value using the 'u' format string. format('u'); // 012345 // Output the date with microseconds. echo $d->format('Y-m-d\TH:i:s.u'); // 2011-01-01T15:03:01.012345 =============================================================================== It isn't obvious from the above, but you can insert a letter of the alphabet directly into the date string by escaping it with a backslash in the format string. Note that if you are using "double" speech marks around the format string, you will have to further escape each backslash with another backslash! If you are using 'single' speech marks around the format string, then you only need one backslash. For instance, to create a string like "Y2014M01D29T1633", you *could* use string concatenation like so: but you could also escape the letters with backslashes like so: This method involves fewer function calls, so probably is slightly quicker; and also is immune to race conditions if you are not specifying the second argument. [It's possible that you could evaluate date("d") just *before* midnight and date("H") just *after* midnight. This will not give you the result you were expecting.] =============================================================================== There is a subtle difference between the following two statments which causes JavaScript's Date object on iPhones to fail. format('c'); // ISO8601 formated datetime echo $objDateTime->format(DateTime::ISO8601); // Another way to get an ISO8601 formatted string /** On my local machine this results in: 2013-03-01T16:15:09+01:00 2013-03-01T16:15:09+0100 Both of these strings are valid ISO8601 datetime strings, but the latter is not accepted by the constructor of JavaScript's date object on iPhone. (Possibly other browsers as well) */ ?> Our solution was to create the following constant on our DateHelper object. =============================================================================== If you have timezone information in the time string you construct the DateTime object with, you cannot add an extra timezone in the constructor. It will ignore the timezone information in the time string: $date = new DateTime("2010-07-05T06:00:00Z", new DateTimeZone("Europe/ Amsterdam")); will create a DateTime object set to "2010-07-05 06:00:00+0200" (+2 being the TZ offset for Europe/Amsterdam) To get this done, you will need to set the timezone separately: $date = new DateTime("2010-07-05T06:00:00Z"); $date->setTimeZone(new DateTimeZone("Europe/Amsterdam"); This will create a DateTime object set to "2010-07-05 08:00:00+0200" =============================================================================== Small but powerful extension to DateTime format('Y-m-d H:i'); } /** * Return difference between $this and $now * * @param Datetime|String $now * @return DateInterval */ public function diff($now = 'NOW') { if(!($now instanceOf DateTime)) { $now = new DateTime($now); } return parent::diff($now); } /** * Return Age in Years * * @param Datetime|String $now * @return Integer */ public function getAge($now = 'NOW') { return $this->diff($now)->format('%y'); } } ?> Usage: Albert Einstein would now be ', $birthday->getAge(), ' years old.
' ; // Result:Albert Einstein would now be 130 years old.
// Example 3 echo 'Albert Einstein would now be ', $birthday->diff()->format('%y Years, %m Months, %d Days'), ' old.
'; // Result:Albert Einstein would now be 130 Years, 10 Months, 10 Days old. p> // Example 4 echo '
Albert Einstein was on 2010-10-10 ', $birthday->getAge('2010-10-10'), ' years old.
'; // Result:Albert Einstein was on 2010-10-10 131 years old.
?> =============================================================================== This caused some confusion with a blog I was working on and just wanted to make other people aware of this. If you use createFromFormat to turn a date into a timestamp it will include the current time. For example: getTimestamp(); ?> Would not output the expected "1389312000" instead it would output something more like "1389344025". To fix this you would want to do: setTime(0, 0, 0); echo $publishDate->getTimestamp(); ?> I hope this helps someone! =============================================================================== please note that using setTimezone setTimestamp setDate setTime etc.. will modify the original object, and the return value is $this $original = new DateTime("now"); $modified = $original->setTimezone(new DateTimezone("europe/rome")); echo $original === $modified ? "THE OBJECT IS THE SAME" : "OBJECTS ARE DIFFERENT"; so a datetime object is mutable (Editors note: PHP 5.5 adds DateTimeImmutable which does not modify the original object, instead creating a new instance.) =============================================================================== IF You want to create clone of $time, use clone.. modify( '-1 day' ); echo $now->format( 'd-m-Y' ), "\n", $clone->format( 'd-m-Y' ); echo '----', "\n"; // will print same.. if you want to clone make like this: $now = new DateTime; $clone = clone $now; $clone->modify( '-1 day' ); echo $now->format( 'd-m-Y' ), "\n", $clone->format( 'd-m-Y' ); ?> Results: 18-07-2011 18-07-2011 ---- 19-07-2011 18-07-2011 =============================================================================== Create function to convert GregorianDate to JulianDayCount format('Y')); $diff = $dateTime->diff($limitDate); $soma = 1; if ($dateTime->format('L') && $diff->invert) { $soma = 2; } return ( (int) $dateTime->format('z')) + $soma; } echo PHP_EOL,dateJulian('01-03-2015'), PHP_EOL; echo PHP_EOL,dateJulian('01-03-2016'), PHP_EOL; /** * returns * 60 * 61 */ ?> =============================================================================== This is a great class, but unless you need to use it's more advanced features, I would stick to passing times around your scripts as Unix Time Stamps - maybe prefixing with "uts". Otherwise you will simply be creating more lines of code with no benefit. =============================================================================== It seems like, due to changes in the DateTimeZone class in PHP 5.5, when creating a date and specifying the timezone as a a string like 'EDT', then getting the timezone from the date object and trying to use that to set the timezone on a date object you will have problems but never know it. Take the following code: getTimezone()->getName() ; $tz = new DateTimeZone($tz_string) ; $date->setTimezone($tz) ; ?> You would think this code should not change $date at all, but it does. It seems like you can create a timezone object like 'EDT' but can't use those to set timezones properly. The process, however does act like it's working without errors. =============================================================================== Be aware of this behaviour: modify( '-1 month' ); $m = (int) $dt1->format( 'm' ); var_dump( $m ); // still 12 !!! $dt2 = new \DateTime( '2014/12/30' ); $dt2->modify( '-1 month' ); $m = (int) $dt2->format( 'm' ); var_dump( $m ); // 11 ?> The method modify( '-1 month' ) appear to remove 30 days, not to subtract 1 from the month and adjust the day (if needed). In my opinion, the former date should be adjusted to 2014/11/30, that is, the last day in the previous month. =============================================================================== If you're stuck on a PHP 5.1 system (unfortunately one of my clients is on a rather horrible webhost who claims they cannot upgrade php) you can use this as a quick workaround: date = strtotime($date); } public function setTimeZone($timezone) { return; } private function __getDate() { return date(DATE_ATOM, $this->date); } public function modify($multiplier) { $this->date = strtotime($this->__getDate() . ' ' . $multiplier); } public function format($format) { return date($format, $this->date); } } } ?> it is NOT perfect. Timezones and DST are not supported, but if you just need compatible basic functions this works. Feel free to complete this so it's compatible with the 5.2 datetime object. =============================================================================== Be aware that DateTime may ignore fractional seconds for some formats, but not when using the ISO 8601 time format, as documented by this bug: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=51950 $dateTime = DateTime::createFromFormat( DateTime::ISO8601, '2009-04-16T12:07:23.596Z' ); // bool(false) =============================================================================== If you need DateTime::createFromFormat functionality in versions <5.3.0 releases you might use the following basic class which can also be combined with Tom's class. It should work for most basic formats, however you should improve this function if you need more complex formats. format ("U"); } /** * This function calculates the number of days between the first and the second date. Arguments must be subclasses of DateTime **/ static function differenceInDays ($firstDate, $secondDate){ $firstDateTimeStamp = $firstDate->format("U"); $secondDateTimeStamp = $secondDate->format("U"); $rv = round ((($firstDateTimeStamp - $secondDateTimeStamp))/86400); return $rv; } /** * This function returns an object of DateClass from $time in format $format. See date() for possible values for $format **/ static function createFromFormat ($format, $time){ assert ($format!=""); if($time==""){ return new DateClass(); } $regexpArray['Y'] = "(?P


My Elephant
My pets name is called Ayo.He is cheerful playful and my best friend ever
Its favorite toys
Ball
Tennis
Basketball
Golf
Its favorite activities
Mud Baths
Water Games
Football and Fun with Friends
Swimming


The issue of traditional birth attendants is one that has hounded Orthodox medicine across Nigeria including the north. Our reporters examine the practice and the reasons why it is still very popular today in Northern Nigeria. At 15, Hajara was already married and began having children a year later. Now 32, she has had five children all of whom were delivered by a traditional birth attendant (TBA) resident in her Ibwa village in Gwagwalada Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Like her, so many other women in the community and beyond, as well as in other States in northern Nigeria do not deliver their children in hospitals. This situation which is becoming worrisome features prominently in a recent report released by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The report noted that ninety five percent of Sokoto State's expectant mothers give birth at home with the aid of TBAs. Dr. Abubakar Maishanu, the USAID deputy chief of party, in a previous report, stated that only 4.7percent of women in the State give birth in a health facility. A situation, he observed, which has worsened the incidence of maternal deaths in the state, adding that the likelihood of receiving assistance from skilled providers during delivery was low. "Only 17 percent of mothers received ante-natal care from a skilled provider," he said. Although these statistics are of Sokoto, it is hardly different from other parts of northern Nigeria.


{% load staticfiles %}
Family Host
Website Name
A description of your brilliant website
{% block content %} {% endblock %}


Timers¶
Timers based on SysTick and TIM7¶
-
void
systick_setup
()¶ systich_setup() - setup SysTick.
Return: void.
-
void
delay_ms_systick
(uint32_t ms)¶ delay_us_systick() - dalay based on systick. @uint32_t time_ms: time in miliseconds.
Return: void.
-
void
one_shot_timer_tim7_setup
()¶ one_shot_timer_tim7_setup() - setup TIM7 as one shot timer.
Return: void.
-
void
delay_us_tim7
(uint32_t time_us)¶ delay_us_tim7() - dalay based on one shot timer TIM7. @uint32_t time_us: time in microseconds.
Return: void.


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| def | __init__ (self) |
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def | copy |
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def | place |
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def | placeOnLine |
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def | placeWithin |
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def | row |
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def | stack |
| |
| def | stackToArea (self, space, area, plenum=0) |
| |
◆ __init__()
| def aecSpace.aecSpacer.aecSpacer.__init__ |
( |
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self | ) |
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◆ stackToArea()
| def aecSpace.aecSpacer.aecSpacer.stackToArea |
( |
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self, |
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space, |
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area, |
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plenum = 0 |
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) |
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Compares the area of the delivered aecSpace to the target area and stacks
identical spaces from the original space until the target area is met or
exceeded, returning a list of resulting aecSpaces.
Returned list does not include the delivered aecSpace.
Returns None on failure.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


This chapter points out some common JavaScript mistakes.
JavaScript programs may generate unexpected results if a programmer accidentally uses an assignment operator (=), instead of a comparison operator (= =) in an if statement.
This if statement returns false (as expected) because x is not equal to 10:
var x = 0; if (x == 10)
This if statement returns true (maybe not as expected), because 10 is true:
var x = 0; if (x = 10)
This if statement returns false (maybe not as expected), because 0 is false:
var x = 0; if (x = 0)
An assignment always returns the value of the assignment.
In regular comparison, data type does not matter. This if statement returns true:
var z = 10, y = "10"; if (z == y)
In strict comparison, data type does matter. This if statement returns false:
var z = 10, y = "10"; if (z === y)
It is a common mistake to forget that switch statements use strict comparison:
Demo 1: This case switch will display an alert:
var z = 10;
switch(z) {
case 10: alert("Hello");
}
Demo 2: This case switch will not display an alert:
var z = 10;
switch(z) {
case "10": alert("Hello");
}
Addition is about adding numbers.
Concatenation is about adding strings.
In JavaScript both operations use the same + operator. Because of this, adding a number as a number will produce a different result from adding a number as a string:
All numbers in JavaScript are stored as 64-bits Floating point numbers (Floats).
All programming languages, including JavaScript, have difficulties with precise floating point values:
continue...


| Name | Total Lines | Lines of Code | Total Coverage | Code Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| app/controllers/data_entry/loans.rb | 97 | 87 | 18.56%
|
11.49%
|
Code reported as executed by Ruby looks like this...and this: this line is also marked as covered.Lines considered as run by rcov, but not reported by Ruby, look like this,and this: these lines were inferred by rcov (using simple heuristics).Finally, here's a line marked as not executed.
1 module DataEntry |
2 |
3 class Loans < DataEntry::Controller |
4 provides :html, :xml |
5 def new |
6 if params[:client_id] |
7 @client = Client.get(params[:client_id]) || Client.first(:name => params[:client_id]) || Client.first(:reference => params[:client_id]) |
8 if params[:product_id] and @loan_product = LoanProduct.is_valid(params[:product_id]) |
9 if Loan.descendants.map{|x|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
10 klass =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
11 @loan = klass.new |
12 end |
13 end |
14 end |
15 @loan_types = Loan.descendants if @loan.nil? |
16 @loan_products = LoanProduct.valid if @loan.nil? |
17 # display [@loan_types, @loan_products, @loan, @client] |
18 render |
19 end |
20 |
21 def create |
22 klass, attrs = get_loan_and_attrs |
23 attrs[:interest_rate] = attrs[:interest_rate].to_f / 100 if attrs[:interest_rate].to_f > 1 |
24 @loan = klass.new(attrs) |
25 raise NotFound if not @loan.client # should be known though hidden field |
26 @client = @loan.client |
27 if @loan.save |
28 if params[:format]=='xml' |
29 display @loan, "" |
30 else |
31 redirect url(:enter_loans, :action => 'new'), :message => {:notice => "Loan<EMAIL_ADDRESS>was successfully created"} |
32 end |
33 else |
34 @loan_product = LoanProduct.get(params[:loan_product_id]) |
35 params[:format]=='xml'? display(@loan) : render(:new) |
36 end |
37 end |
38 |
39 def edit |
40 @loan = (params[:loan] and params[:loan][:id]) ? Loan.get(params[:loan][:id]) : Loan.new |
41 render |
42 end |
43 |
44 def update |
45 klass, attrs = get_loan_and_attrs |
46 @loan = klass.get(params[klass.to_s.snake_case.to_sym][:id]) |
47 raise NotFound unless @loan |
48 if @loan.update_attributes(attrs) |
49 if params[:format]=='xml' |
50 display @loan, "" |
51 else |
52 redirect url(:enter_loans, :action => 'new'), :message => {:notice => "Loan<EMAIL_ADDRESS>was successfully created"} |
53 end |
54 else |
55 params[:format]=='xml'? display(@loan): render(:edit) |
56 end |
57 end |
58 |
59 def approve |
60 if params[:id] |
61 @center = Center.get(params[:id]) |
62 raise NotFound unless @center |
63 render |
64 elsif params[:approve] |
65 params[:approve].each do |k,v| |
66 l = Loan.get(k) |
67 l.approved_on = Date.today |
68 approver = StaffMember.get(params[:approved_by]) |
69 raise NotFound if approver.nil? |
70 l.approved_by = approver |
71 l.history_disabled = true |
72 l.save |
73 end |
74 redirect "/data_entry", :message => {:notice => 'loans approved'} |
75 else |
76 @loans = Loan.all(:approved_on => nil) |
77 @centers = {} |
78 @loans.each do |l| |
79 @centers[l.client.center_id] = @centers[l.client.center_id].nil? ? 1 : @centers[l.client.center_id] + 1 |
80 end |
81 render |
82 end |
83 end |
84 |
85 private |
86 # the loan is not of type Loan of a derived type, therefor we cannot just assume its name.. |
87 # this method gets the loans type from a hidden field value and uses that to get the attrs |
88 def get_loan_and_attrs # FIXME: this is a code dup with the loans contoller |
89 loan_key = params.keys.find { |x| x =~ /loan$/ } # loan params have the key like 'a50_loan' or 'loan' |
90 attrs = params[loan_key] |
91 raise NotFound if not params[:loan_type] |
92 klass = Kernel::const_get(params[:loan_type]) |
93 [klass, attrs] |
94 end |
95 end |
96 |
97 end |
Generated on Thu Nov 12 16:05:06 +0530 2009 with rcov 0.9.6


|
clang::tidy PagesJaunes rules
1.0
Rules for manipulating PagesJaunes eSQL requests
|
Checks that argument name match parameter name rules. More...
#include <CCharToCXXString.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| CCharToCXXString (StringRef Name, ClangTidyContext *Context) | |
| Constructor for the CCharToCXXString rewriting ClangTidyCheck. More... | |
| void | storeOptions (ClangTidyOptions::OptionMap &Opts) override |
| Store options for this check. More... | |
| void | registerMatchers (ast_matchers::MatchFinder *Finder) override |
| Register the ASTMatchers that will found nodes we are interested in. More... | |
| void | check (const ast_matchers::MatchFinder::MatchResult &Result) override |
| This method is called each time a visited AST node matching our ASTMatcher is found. More... | |
Checks that argument name match parameter name rules.
These options are supported:
Include-Comment-Regex
: The regular expression to use for parsing comment default is 1 (process strcpy)Handle-strcmp
: actually process or not strcpy default is 1 (process strcmp)Handle-strlen
: actually process or not strcpy default is 1 (process strlen) Definition at line 37 of file CCharToCXXString.h.
| clang::tidy::pagesjaunes::CCharToCXXString::CCharToCXXString | ( | StringRef | Name, |
| ClangTidyContext * | Context | ||
| ) |
Constructor for the CCharToCXXString rewriting ClangTidyCheck.
CCharToCXXString constructor
The rule is created a new check using its ClangTidyCheck
base class. Name and context are provided and stored locally. Some diag ids corresponding to errors handled by rule are created:
| Name | A StringRef for the new check name |
| Context | The ClangTidyContext allowing to access other contexts |
Definition at line 52 of file CCharToCXXString.cpp.
|
override |
This method is called each time a visited AST node matching our ASTMatcher is found.
check
This method will navigated and inspect the found AST nodes for:
| result | The match result provided by the recursive visitor allowing us to access AST nodes bound to variables |
Definition at line 794 of file CCharToCXXString.cpp.
|
override |
Register the ASTMatchers that will found nodes we are interested in.
registerMatchers
This method register 3 matchers for each string manipulation calls we want to rewrite. These three calls are:
| Finder | the recursive visitor that will use our matcher for sending us AST node. |
Definition at line 100 of file CCharToCXXString.cpp.
|
override |
Store options for this check.
storeOptions
This check support three options for enabling/disabling each call processing:
| Opts | The option map in which to store supported options |
Definition at line 76 of file CCharToCXXString.cpp.


CHAPTER 167
IRRIGATION WATER DEVELOPMENT
Section
167-1 Findings and declaration of necessity
167-2 Definitions
167-3 Engineering program administrator
167-4 Interested members of the board or employees
167-5 Powers
167-6 Further powers
167-7 Issuance of revenue bonds
167-8 Investment of funds
167-9 Security for funds deposited by board
167-10 Eligibility of revenue bonds for investment
167-11 Rate policy; sale of excess water
167-12 Lands included within irrigation projects
167-13 Petition of land occupiers for formation of water
project
167-14 Petition of Hawaiian homes commission for formation
of irrigation project, community pastures
167-15 State lands, formation of irrigation project
167-16 Consideration of petitions; notice and hearing
167-17 Formation of irrigation project on initiative
of board; notice and hearing; protests
167-18 Approval of legislature, appropriations
167-19 Administration of irrigation project; acreage
assessments; liens
167-20 Furnishing domestic water
167-21 Repayment of certain state advances
167-22 Irrigation system revolving fund
167-22.5 Repealed
167-23 Molokai irrigation system water users advisory
board; establishment; meetings
167-24 Repealed


As the name implies, joints attach game objects together. You can only attach 2D joints to game objects which have a Rigibody 2D component attached or to a fixed position in world space.
2D joints all have names ending ‘2D’. A joint named without a ‘2D’ ending is a 3D joint. 2D joints work with game objects in 2D and 3D joints work with game objects in 3D.
(See Details and Hints, below for useful background information on all 2D joints.)
There are different types of 2D joints. See each joint reference page for detailed information about their properties.
Distance Joint 2D - attaches two game objects controlled by rigidbody physics together and keeps them a certain distance apart.
Fixed Joint 2D - keeps two objects in a position relative to each other, so the objects are always offset at a given position and angle. For example, objects that need to react as if they are rigidly connected: They can’t move away from each other, they can’t move closer together, and they can’t rotate with respect to each other. You can also use this joint to create a less rigid connection that flexes.
Friction Joint 2D - reduces both the linear and angular velocities between two game objects controlled by rigidbody physics to zero (ie: it slows them down and stops them). For example; a platform that rotates but resists that movement.
Hinge Joint 2D- allows a game object controlled by rigidbody physics to be attached to a point in space around which it can rotate. For example; the pivot on a pair of scissors.
Relative Joint 2D - allows two game objects controlled by rigidbody physics to maintain a position based on each other’s location. Use this joint to keep two objects offset from each other. For example; a space-shooter game where the player has extra gun batteries that follow them.
Slider Joint 2D - allows a game object controlled by rigidbody physics to slide along a line in space, like sliding doors, for example.
Spring Joint 2D - allows two game objects controlled by rigidbody physics to be attached together as if by a spring.
Target Joint 2D - connects to a specified target, rather than another rigid body object, as other joints do. It is a spring type joint, which you could use for picking up and moving an object acting under gravity, for example.
Wheel Joint 2D - simulates wheels and suspension.
Constraints
All joints provide one or more constraints that apply to Rigidbody 2D behaviour. A constraint is a ‘rule’ which the joint will try to ensure isn’t permanently broken. There are different types of constraints available but usually a joint will only provide a few of them, sometimes only one. Some constraints limit behaviour such as ensuring a rigid body stays on a line, or in a certain position. Some are ‘driving’ constraints such as a motor that rotates or moves a rigid body object, trying to maintain a certain speed.
Temporarily Breaking Constraints
The physics system expects that constraints do become temporarily broken; the objects may move further apart than their distance constraint tells them, or objects may move faster than their motor-speed constraint. When a constraint isn’t broken, the joint doesn’t apply any forces and does little work. It is when a constraint is broken that the joint applies forces to fix the constraint: So for the ‘driving’ constraints mentioned above, it maintains a distance or ensures a motor-speed. This force, however, doesn’t always instantaneously fix the constraint. Although it usually happens very fast, it can happen over time.
This time lag can lead to joints ‘stretching’ or seeming ‘soft’. The lag happens because the physics system is trying to apply joint-forces to fix constraints, whilst at the same time other game physics forces are acting to break constraints. In addition to the conflicting forces acting on game objects, some joints are more stable and react faster than others.
Whatever constraints the joint provides, the joint only uses forces to fix the constraint. These are either a linear (straight line) force or angular (torque) force.
HINT: Given the conflicing forces acting on joints, it is always good to be cautious when applying large forces to rigid body objects that have joints attached, especially those with large masses.
Permanently Breaking Joints
All joints have the ability to stop working completely (that is break) when a linear force or angular torque force exceeds a specified limit. This is known as ‘__Break Force__’ and ‘__Break Torque__’:
Both these limits are pre-set to ‘__Infinity__’: This means that they have no limit.
When a Break Force or Break Torque limit is exceeded, the joint is broken and the component deletes itself from its game object.


These table headers have invalid abbreviations (NULL)
Age Of All Recent Residents Of The GTA
Income Level Specified In English Pounds
19
7000
29
19000


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Web Japan Privacy Policy
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- The Web Japan website ("Site") collects information from users related to areas necessary for the smooth operation of provided services (including but not limited to the provision of information on the Site, acceptance of user questions and comments, the What's New Mail Service, shipment of gifts). The information acquired will be used appropriately within the scope of the purpose of use as shown below.
- 2. Scope of information acquisition
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- (1) The Site automatically collects and stores Internet domain names, IP addresses, OS versions and browser versions from those who access the Site.
- (2) We ask users to register their E-mail addresses and names in order to use the "What's New Mail Service" or to make submissions for posting on the "Bulletin Board" page.
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- (4) When an E-mail message is sent to the Web Master, the sender's E-mail address will be displayed on the recipient's screen.
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Interface CMD
- All Known Implementing Classes:
CMDImpl
Provides a mechanism for defining command line interfaces and reading values and flags from the command line arguments.
The CMD external entity is used in two phases: defining and reading. First,
the interface is defined using the register_flag
and register_value
bridges.
Once the interface is defined, the read_command_line
bridge
must be invoked to finalize the usage and parse the command line arguments.
After the command line arguments are parsed, the get_flag
and get_value
bridges can be used to
access the values passed by the user on the command line.
The utility expects that all invocations of the "register" bridges are before
the read_command_line
bridge is invoked, that the read_command_line
bridge
is invoked at most once, and that all invocations of the "get" bridges are
after the read_command_line
bridge is invoked. Violation of this order will result in
an exception.
Flags and values can be defined by one or more alphanumeric characters,
underscores, and hyphens (starting with an alphabetic character). Single
character flags/values are specified on the command line with a single hyphen
(e.g. -i
), while multi-character flags/values must be specified with
two hypens (e.g. --input_file
). The flags -h
and
--help
are reserved and are always included in order to print usage text.
A flag is considered to be true if the flag appears anywhere on
the command line. A value is defined as the argument that directly follows
the registered option name (e.g. --input_file in.sql
). Values may not
be repeated on the command line and are always returned to the caller as a
string. Numerical or other types of values must be converted after the fact
by the application modeler.
-
Method Summary
Modifier and TypeMethodDescriptionboolean
Get the value of a registered command line flag.Get the value of a registered command line value.void
Parse and validate the command line arguments based on the previously registered flags and values.void
register_flag
(String name, String usage) Register a command line flag.void
register_value
(String name, String value_name, String usage, String default_value, boolean required) Register a command line value.
-
Method Details
-
get_flag
Get the value of a registered command line flag.- Parameters:
name
- the name of the flag- Returns:
- true if the flag was passed as a command line argument, false if otherwise
- Throws:
XtumlException
- if the command line has not been read, the flag name has not been registered, or if the flag has been registered as a value.
-
get_value
Get the value of a registered command line value.- Parameters:
name
- the name of the value- Returns:
- the value of the option passed on the command line or the registered default value if not present and not required
- Throws:
XtumlException
- if the command line has not been read, the value name has not been registered, or if the value has been registered as a flag.
-
read_command_line
Parse and validate the command line arguments based on the previously registered flags and values. If an excption is thrown, the usage is printed to the command line and the application will exit.- Throws:
XtumlException
- if the command line has already been readXtumlInterruptedException
- if the command line arguments are incorrectly formatted or if an option that requires a value does not provide a value.
-
register_flag
Register a command line flag.- Parameters:
name
- the name of the flagusage
- the help text to display in the usage- Throws:
XtumlException
- if the command line has already been read, the flag name has already been registered, or if the flag name is invalid.
-
register_value
void register_value(String name, String value_name, String usage, String default_value, boolean required) throws XtumlException Register a command line value. If the flag is required, thedefault_value
parameter is ignored.- Parameters:
name
- the name of the valuevalue_name
- the placeholder name of the value to display in the usageusage
- the help text to display in the usagedefault_value
- the default value of the option if not required and no value is specifiedrequired
- whether or not a value is required- Throws:
XtumlException
- if the command line has already been read, the option name has already been registered, or if the option name is invalid.
-


Cloud Vision V1 API - Module Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::BatchOperationMetadata::State (v0.6.4)
Reference documentation and code samples for the Cloud Vision V1 API module Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::BatchOperationMetadata::State.
Enumerates the possible states that the batch request can be in.
Constants
STATE_UNSPECIFIED
value: 0
Invalid.
PROCESSING
value: 1
Request is actively being processed.
SUCCESSFUL
value: 2
The request is done and at least one item has been successfully
processed.
FAILED
value: 3
The request is done and no item has been successfully processed.
CANCELLED
value: 4
The request is done after the longrunning.Operations.CancelOperation has
been called by the user. Any records that were processed before the
cancel command are output as specified in the request.


Water is the most important resource. It is very essential for the life of the flora and fauna on the planet. Without water, there would be no life and earth will be as dry as stone. Water is also necessary for irrigation and essential everyday works. Today, we waste water, without realizing its importance.
We take very minimal attempt to save water. Water is wasted in religious gatherings, functions, and celebrations, etc. In houses also, water is wasted every day. We have a habit of keeping the tap running while we brush, shave, bathe or do any other daily activity. All attempts must be made to save water.


STDDEV_SAMP and STDDEV_POP Window Functions
The STDDEV_SAMP and STDDEV_POP window functions return the sample and population standard deviation of a set of numeric values (integer, decimal, or floating-point). See also STDDEV_SAMP and STDDEV_POP Functions.
STDDEV_SAMP and STDDEV are synonyms for the same function.
Syntax
STDDEV_SAMP | STDDEV | STDDEV_POP ( [ ALL ] expression ) OVER ( [ PARTITION BY expr_list ] [ ORDER BY order_list frame_clause ] )
Arguments
- expression
-
The target column or expression that the function operates on.
- ALL
-
With the argument ALL, the function retains all duplicate values from the expression. ALL is the default. DISTINCT is not supported.
- OVER
-
Specifies the window clauses for the aggregation functions. The OVER clause distinguishes window aggregation functions from normal set aggregation functions.
- PARTITION BY expr_list
-
Defines the window for the function in terms of one or more expressions.
- ORDER BY order_list
-
Sorts the rows within each partition. If no PARTITION BY is specified, ORDER BY uses the entire table.
- frame_clause
-
If an ORDER BY clause is used for an aggregate function, an explicit frame clause is required. The frame clause refines the set of rows in a function's window, including or excluding sets of rows within the ordered result. The frame clause consists of the ROWS keyword and associated specifiers. See Window Function Syntax Summary.
Data Types
The argument types supported by the STDDEV functions are SMALLINT, INTEGER, BIGINT, NUMERIC, DECIMAL, REAL, and DOUBLE PRECISION.
Regardless of the data type of the expression, the return type of a STDDEV function is a double precision number.
Examples
See STDDEV_POP and VAR_POP Window Function Examples.


| Vendor Name | Accurate Design & Communication Inc. |
|---|---|
| Reference Number | DH&R 16-002 |
| Contract Date | 26-10-2015 |
| Description of Work | Graphic Design Services - including website |
| Delivery Date | 4-12-2015 |
| Contract Value | $17,085.60 |
| Comments | This contract was competitively sourced. This contract is a call-up against a Public Works and Government Services procurement tool. |
| Additional Comments | To provide design services for the layout of the â€œMention in Dispatches (MID)â€ |


Membership of Cern ‘will result in millions being put into Irish economy’
Ireland’s associate membership of the Cern nuclear research centre is a “no brainer” which will result in millions of euro being put into the Irish economy, an Oireachtas committee has been told.
It would cost around €1.3 million for Ireland to join as an associate member of Cern, or €10 million as a full member.
Founded in 1954, the laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland, was one of Europe’s first joint ventures and has 22 member states.
Malta and Luxembourg are the only other countries in the European Union who are not members.
Associate membership is €1.3 million per year but... €90 million will come back to the country as it will have the multiplier effect
A report on the case for Ireland joining up, published on Wednesday, said associate membership would bring direct economic returns for the country.
Professor Ronan McNulty told an Oireachtas Business Committee on Wednesday that it is advisable for Ireland to become an associate member before it gets full membership, and the money spent on the yearly fee will pay dividends.
“Yes full membership is expensive but the committee has recommended associate membership,” he said.
“Associate membership is €1.3 million per year but… €90 million will come back to the country as it will have the multiplier effect,” he said.
Prof McNulty said much of Cern’s billion-euro budget goes on procurement from companies in member states.
He said Ireland’s €1.3 million contribution will easily be returned in terms of hi-tech equipment purchased from Ireland, research and industrial contracts.
Irish science bodies, business representatives, IT organisations and politicians have echoed the call from Mr McNulty who said Ireland needs to become a full member of Cern or risk missing out on hundreds of millions of euro of contracts.
Labour Senator Kevin Humphreys said the cost of Ireland’s membership should not be the focus as the value of Cern membership cannot have a monetary value put on it.
“Cern is one of those things you can’t put a euro value of being involved in,” he said.
Fianna Fál spokesman on science and technology, James Lawless, said that if Ireland is to be a real player in the international science community, membership of Cern is key.
“Ireland’s membership of Cern is a no-brainer,” said Mr Lawless.
He said membership of the European Space Agency (ESA) and European Southern Observatory (ESO) alone was not enough and Ireland was isolating itself by not being a member of Cern.
Cern is home to the Large Hadron Collider, the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator with a 27km ring of superconducting magnets.
READ MORE
Wetherspoons boss Tim Martin hits out at corporate governance rules


procedure LineToS(X, Y: Integer);
procedure LineToTS(X, Y: Integer);
procedure LineToAS(X, Y: Integer);
procedure LineToXS(X, Y: TFixed);
procedure LineToFS(X, Y: Single);
procedure LineToXSP(X, Y: TFixed);
procedure LineToFSP(X, Y: Single);
LineTo* methods are similar to TCanvas.LineTo. The line is drawn from the current raster position, to the position specified by X and Y parameters excluding the last point. Then raster position is shifted to (X, Y) point.
The line is drawn with the color specified in PenColor property. 'S', 'TS', and 'AS' versions use and update integer integer raster position, while 'FS' and 'XS' versions use and update independent fixed-point raster position.
LineToXSP and LineToFSP do not use PenColor, instead, they draw a line using currend stipple pattern.
To start a new line or sequence of lines, use MoveTo methods.


|
Name
|
{{row.name}} |
Description
|
{{row.description}} |
Color
|
|
Weight
|
{{row.weight}} |
Code
|
{{row.code}} |
Status
|
{{row.status}} | Created at | {{row.created_at | date}} | Updated at | {{row.updated_at | date }} |
|
|---|


the name is valid or not
the email is valid or not
write anything in the field
The form gets red color when it is modified


Message Decowding
问题描述 :
Cows are not known for their intelligence. Their encryption method is nothing like DES or BlowFish or any of those really good secret coding methods. No, they are using a simple substitution cipher.
The cows have a decryption key and a secret message. Help them decode it. The key looks like this:
yrwhsoujgcxqbativndfezmlpk
Which means that an ‘a’ in the secret message really means ‘y’; a ‘b’ in the secret message really means ‘r’; a ‘c’ decrypts to ‘w’; and so on. Blanks are not encrypted; they are simply kept in place.
Input text is in upper or lower case, both decrypt using the same decryption key, keeping the appropriate case, of course.
输入:
* Line 2: As many as 80 characters that are the message to be decoded
输出:
* Line 2: As many as 80 characters that are the message to be decoded
样例输入:
eydbkmiqugjxlvtzpnwohracsf Kifq oua zarxa suar bti yaagrj fa xtfgrj
样例输出:
Jump the fence when you seeing me coming
罪过罪过。。。。刷了个水题。。
练英语吧。。
题意：用第一行密码代替26个字母解密第二行句子。
代码：
#include<iostream> #include<cstdio> #include<cstring> using namespace std; char cha[26]; char str[80]; int main() { while(cin>>cha) { getchar(); gets(str); for(int i=0;i<strlen(str);i++) { if(str[i]>='a'&&str[i]<='z') { str[i]=cha[str[i]-'a']; } if(str[i]>='A'&&str[i]<='Z') { str[i]=cha[str[i]-'A']-'a'+'A'; } } puts(str); } return 0; }
解题转自：http://blog.csdn.net/amourjun/article/details/8805835
示威会和很多头子总部骨干就在米国，米国出钱 帮葡萄干闹事，明摆的、。。
其实不需要用LCA，用DFS+vector更简单
第一种方法怎么会是O(log(m+n))呢？没有二分的话直接遍历应该就是O(m+n)吧？
不错，值得借鉴
这是往年的笔试题，非在线，主要考察基础，Java会在面试时问到
yeah, This is very tricky. If you use Cpp,you need more code
无需用转移方程也可以解决，哈哈
.net中char类型不是两个字节么
第一个数表示数列的个数，5表示之后有5个数
这种二分还是比较经典！mark
位运算真赞
目测会火
给力！


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The most Simple and Powerful way for employees management.
Features
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Installation of OIOSAML.java consists of adding jar files to a web application, editing web.xml, and configuring OIOSAML.java. For configuration, see the configuration guide.
The distribution file contains both the necessary jar files and a demo application. The demo application is a simple web application with OIOSAML.java configured to protect selected resources.
Before deploying the demo war file to a web container, web.xml must be edited to set oiosaml-j.home to point to a valid configuration dir. If this is not done, configuration will be placed in ${user.home}/.oiosaml. Edit the file by opening the war file (as a zip file) and editing WEB-INF/web.xml. When this is done, simply deploy the war file to a servlet container such as Tomcat.
When the application is accessed using a browser, OIOSAML.java will see that the application has not yet been configured, and there will be a link to the autoconfigure feature. Use this link to configure the system.
To install OIOSAML.java in your own web application, do the following:
<env-entry> <env-entry-name>oiosaml-j.home</env-entry-name> <env-entry-value>/path/to/oiosaml.home</env-entry-value> <env-entry-type>java.lang.String</env-entry-type> </env-entry> <listener> %lt;listener-class>dk.itst.oiosaml.sp.service.session.SessionDestroyListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet-name>SAMLDispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>dk.itst.oiosaml.sp.service.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SAMLDispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/saml/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>LoginFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>dk.itst.oiosaml.sp.service.SPFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>LoginFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/protected/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
This defines a servlet which handles all SAML related requests, such as Single Logout, Login Responses, and so on. /saml/ is the recommended prefix for this servlet. Furthermore, a protection filter is defined. This filter handles user authentication, and only allows access to the protected resources if the user is authenticated correctly. The filter can cover the SAML servlet, this does not make any difference. The listener makes sure assertions are cleaned up as soon sessions are expired. The listener is not strictly necessary, but it is good practice to include it.
When OIOSAML.java is started, it will check if it is configured correctly. If not, autoconfig is enabled, and you can visit saml/configure to configure the system.
When the system has been configured, the SP metadata can be downloaded from saml/metadata. The metadata is automatically signed when downloading it.


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Question 1
Your mind is always buzzing with unexplored ideas and plans.
5 (Strongly Agree)
4 (Agree)
3 (Neutral)
2 (Disagree)
1 (Strongly Disagree)
Question 2
Generally speaking, you rely more on your experience than your imagination.
5 (Strongly Agree)
4 (Agree)
3 (Neutral)
2 (Disagree)
1 (Strongly Disagree)
Question 3
You find it easy to stay relaxed and focused even when there is some pressure.
5 (Strongly Agree)
4 (Agree)
3 (Neutral)
2 (Disagree)
1 (Strongly Disagree)
Question 4
You rarely do something just out of sheer curiosity.
5 (Strongly Agree)
4 (Agree)
3 (Neutral)
2 (Disagree)
1 (Strongly Disagree)
Question 5
People can rarely upset you.
5 (Strongly Agree)
4 (Agree)
3 (Neutral)
2 (Disagree)
1 (Strongly Disagree)
Question 6
It is often difficult for you to relate to other people’s feelings.
5 (Strongly Agree)
4 (Agree)
3 (Neutral)
2 (Disagree)
1 (Strongly Disagree)
Question 7
In a discussion, truth should be more important than people’s sensitivities.
5 (Strongly Agree)
4 (Agree)
3 (Neutral)
2 (Disagree)
1 (Strongly Disagree)
Question 8
You rarely get carried away by fantasies and ideas.
5 (Strongly Agree)
4 (Agree)
3 (Neutral)
2 (Disagree)
1 (Strongly Disagree)
Question 9
You think that everyone’s views should be respected regardless of whether they are supported by facts or not.
5 (Strongly Agree)
4 (Agree)
3 (Neutral)
2 (Disagree)
1 (Strongly Disagree)
Question 10
You feel more energetic after spending time with a group of people.
5 (Strongly Agree)
4 (Agree)
3 (Neutral)
2 (Disagree)
1 (Strongly Disagree)
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The research leading to these results has received
support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative
(IMI) Joint Undertaking under
grant agreement n° 115191, resources of which are composed of financial
contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme
(FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies’ in kind contribution.
These RDF-guidelines are intended for data providers who want to expose their data as RDF to the Open PHACTS platform.
The HTML source code and full revision history of this document can be found in this git repository.
There are many sides to making data semantic. This guidelines document restricts itself to using RDF, and will not go into ontological discussions, such as when to use a class or an instance. The document will also be limited to giving pointers, and some rules of thumb, and the reader is most invited to read the below-listed further reading.
The most important message is to use RDF not find the best representation for your data, but to be explicit in how you represent your data.
Open PHACTS requires:
Open PHACTS does not specify requirements or guidelines around:
Before you start thinking about converting something into RDF, the first two questions you should ask yourself:
Because this information is also important for all people who will want to use your data, you must specify as metadata these pieces of crucial information along with the shared data. This step does not imply that the data must be Open, but it does simplify a lot of things when it is. The least you must do is to provide clarity as to whether the data is Open or not.
VoID should be used to encode license information for data sets to be used in Open PHACTS [[OPSDD]].
The Dublin Core ontology [[Nilsson2008]] is a common alternative, and the given example is purely
illustrative for encoding license information in RDF:
When creating triples from your data, it is important to think about the data in terms of concepts and their relations in scientific terms, not in terms of database terminologies. The triples must in no way reflect concepts like database tables or other details that originate from the format in which the data was previously stored.
So, the following code example shows bad practices. This generated example RDF shows a compound database, listing molecules, their synonyms, mol weight and SMILES representations. The RDF output reflects the original data structure, and adds little useful meaning (i.e. the semantics) to the data.
Input tables with header on the first line, for names, smiles, and properties:
ID:MW 1:180.1578 2:151.1629
ID:Synonym 1:aspirin 1:acetyl salicylic acid 2:paracetamol
ID:SMILES 1:O=C(O)c1ccccc1(OC(=O)C) 1:CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C(O)=O 2:O=C(Nc1ccc(O)cc1)C
Output:
@prefix any23: <http://any23.org/tmp/> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix props: <http://any23.org/tmp/propsTable/> . @prefix names: <http://any23.org/tmp/synonymsTable/> . @prefix smiles: <http://any23.org/tmp/smilesTable/> . props:row1 any23:molid "1" ; any23:mw "180.1578" . props:row2 any23:molid "2" ; any23:mw "151.1629" . names:row1 any23:molid "1" ; rdfs:label "aspirin" . names:row2 any23:molid "1" ; rdfs:label "acetyl salicylic acid" . names:row3 any23:molid "2" ; rdfs:label "paracetamol" . smiles:row1 any23:molid "1" ; any23:smiles "O=C(O)c1ccccc1(OC(=O)C)" . smiles:row2 any23:molid "1" ; any23:smiles "CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C(O)=O" . smiles:row3 any23:molid "2" ; any23:smiles "O=C(Nc1ccc(O)cc1)C" .
Importantly, the notion of columns and rows in the RDF must be removed. Better would be:
@prefix any23: <http://any23.org/tmp/> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix compound: <http://any23.org/tmp/compound/> . compound:molid1 rdfs:label "aspirin" ; rdfs:label "acetyl salicylic acid" ; any23:smiles "O=C(O)c1ccccc1(OC(=O)C)" ; any23:smiles "CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C(O)=O" ; any23:mw "180.1578" . compound:molid2 rdfs:label "paracetamol" ; any23:smiles "O=C(Nc1ccc(O)cc1)C" ; any23:mw "151.1629" .
One can notice that identifiers used in relational databases typically find a role in the URI of resources, as was used in this example too.
Another important difference is that tables require an external schema to provide meaning. RDF is much more self-explanatory. Therefore, one must not only think about the structure, but also about data types. With this approach, we can further improve the semantic equivalent of the three tables:
@prefix any23: <http://any23.org/tmp/> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix compound: <http://any23.org/tmp/compound/> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . compound:molid1 rdfs:label "aspirin"@en ; rdfs:label "acetyl salicylic acid"@en ; any23:smiles "O=C(O)c1ccccc1(OC(=O)C)" ; any23:smiles "CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1C(O)=O" ; any23:mw "180.1578"^^xsd:float . compound:molid2 rdfs:label "paracetamol"@en ; any23:smiles "O=C(Nc1ccc(O)cc1)C" ; any23:mw "151.1629"^^xsd:float .Be aware of making assumptions that are not true. For example, the enriched example above assumes that all labels are all in English, which is not generally true for compound databases.
The first step in creating your RDF is to create a list of all concepts that are found in your data. Are there proteins, metabolites, cell cultures, organisms, targets, assays? At what level are those concepts represented in your data? Are they protein names without exactly known point mutations? Are the accurate masses resulting from metabolomics experiments? Are the exact metabolic structures known? Are there multiple identifiers known? Does your data contain references with a PubMed identifier or a DOI? In this step you define the types, rather than the entities: you observe that they are proteins, but do not enumerate each of them.
The purpose here is not to develop an ontology, but to get clear what the content of your data is, allowing you to identify existing ontologies (see Step 4) that capture that information. To support this process, for each concept found in your data a human readable label and a short definition must be provided, both in English. Here too, the underlying rule is that everything must have an explicit and well-defined meaning. This list may be in a Word document, Excel spreadsheet, but also in RDF itself, for example using SKOS [[SKOS]]. The choice, however, must be chosen such to improve the thinking about the concepts.
For example:
| "Activity" | Biochemical property that chemical entities exhibit in some experiment. |
Once you know what concepts are found in your data, it is time to identify how those concepts are linked in your data set. These relations must be identified and listed too, and in the same manner as in Step 2. These relations preferably have a verb form, making them easier to understand. For example, a predicate label has name is preferred over just name.
For each relation, the list should provide a human readable label, and a short definition, again in English. Again, the method of recording the list of relations and properties must be chosen such to improve the thinking about the information in the data.
For example:
| "has sequence" | Protein property linking an amino acid sequence to a protein. |
| "binds to" | Relation between a drug and a drug target reflecting a chemical interaction. |
Like in Step 2, you focus on the types only, not in actual binding interactions, etc.
Because existing software already knows about existing, common ontologies, you should use those existing, common ontologies, if you care about having an impact. This sections lists below a number of suggestions, for the various data types that will be covered in Open PHACTS. You should explore those ontologies and check if for each concept and relation you find matching entries in those existing, common ontologies. If you find that only a minor amount of items are missing, you should contact the ontology authors, and see if the missing terms can be added. Only if that fails should you be looking for less common ontologies and see if these provide a substantial higher coverage. Services that allow you to find uncommon ontologies are listed below. You can use the SKOS vocabulary to express relatedness to existing concepts.
As an alternative, rdfs:subClassOf should be discussed here.
It is OK to keep a number of entries not mapped to existing ontologies. In this case the entries have to be made openly available, i.e at purl.org. This of course also applies for creating a new ontology.
In all cases, you must never use ontologies that you are not allowed to share with your data, as that will effectively leave you with triplified data, of which your users have no means in the future to figure out what is what, and thus is "meaningless".
Importantly, the following two resources must be watched with respect to recommended vocabularies: first, Open PHACTS project deliverables, such as D1.6 and D1.7 [[D16D17]]; second, the Open PHACTS project on BioPortal: http://bioportal.bioontology.org/projects/163. These documents precede the following suggestions.
Below is a list of pointers to ontologies and vocabularies related to the scope of Open PHACTS. For each ontology, the prefix or website is also given. Furthermore, a list of search engines is provided where further ontologies and vocabularies can be found.
For document identifiers use (in order, if existing)
This requires that the structures have been deposited with ChemSpider already. If not, then use in descending order of preference:
The use of the CHEMINF ontology is encouraged for these identifiers [[Hastings2011]]. Also, you should register small molecule names with ChemSpider. Documentation how to deposit individual structures in ChemSpider can be found at https://www.chemspider.com/Help_DepositStructures.aspx. Larger sets of compounds can be deposited as SD files, but if the purpose is to have those exposed via Open PHACTS, the Scientific Advisory Board should be contacted to give permission for that exposure.
The following search engines can be useful to find suitable ontologies.
Schema.org is a very generic ontology. It may not be directly applicable to life sciences data, but is adopted by major search engines, like Google.com. It can be considered to use this ontology in addition to more detailed domain ontologies, and as such make your data more easily found. It has types for creative works, non-text objects, events, health and medical types, organization, persons, places, products, and reviews.
The next step is to explore what related data sets are available as Linked (Open) Data,
and link out to those data sets. For example, if your data contains ChemSpider, ChEBI,
ChEMBL, PubChem, DrugBank, KEGG, Uniprot, and PDB identifiers, you can link to the
respective RDF variants of those databases. Various RDF versions of these databases are
around, including Bio2RDF [[Belleau2008]], LODD [[Samwald2011]], and Chem2Bio2RDF [[Chen2010]],
but preferably to the original source directly. The figure below (CC-BY-SA, [[Cyganiak2011]])
shows a diagram of the larger network, including Linked Data relevant the Open PHACTS:
Careful consideration must be taken here in to what relation (predicate) is used. In the table below various options are outlined, the specific meaning, and how and when which predicate can be used. The Data Set guidelines specify Open PHACTS standards in detail [[OPSDD]] and are the definite documentation, but here follows a general outline of predicates demonstrating the different implications they have:
rdf:seeAlso |
General link, that indicates that the resource linked to is relevant to the subject. See http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/. |
skos:relatedMatch |
This link indicates that the linked resources are somewhat related. See http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core.html. |
skos:closeMatch |
This link indicates that the linked resources are the same, under some assumptions or applications. This link is not transitive. See http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core.html. |
skos:exactMatch |
This link subclasses skos:closeMatch but is stronger, and the same as now applies to a
wide range of applications, implying that the link is transitive. See
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core.html. |
owl:sameAs |
Link that indicates that the subject is an instance, and that the object resource is an instance too, and the same resources as the subject. This link is transitive. See http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/. |
owl:equivalentClass |
The same as owl:sameAs but then for OWL classes instead of instances. This link is
transitive. See http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/. |
The owl:sameAs
and owl:equivalentClass
predicates are very powerful and should be used with
care since all attributes and relations of two therewith connected entities are merged
together. In Open PHACTS the use of the less restrictive skos:exactMatch is recommended.
These first steps ensure you have IRIs for all resources and predicates, and know where to put all relations, it is time to create triples. It is irrelevant to the triple creation process and thus up to the user to pick whatever tool they find most convenient. Triples can be created with dedicated semantic web tools, as listed below, but also using simple regular expressions, or scripting tools in any language. Of course, generated triples should be validated, but the tool to create them is merely a tool; there is nothing semantic about that. The output in which the triples are serialized can be in any of the standardized or proposed RDF serialization formats, such as RDF/XML [[RDFXML]], Notation3 [[Notation3]], Turtle (preferred) [[Turtle]], or plain N-Triples [[NTriples]]. These guidelines do not encourage nor disallow named graphs; the user is free to use them, but it is not required.
Importantly, this process should be well documented. You must keep track of what versions of the input data was used, who created the RDF data, when that was done, and preferable what tools were used. This information should be available to users along with the data itself. Provenance is really important in the process of creating RDF, and you should in detail track how the transformation was done. However, the exact guidelines for tracking provenance information is under development, and future Open PHACTS guidelines will document in detail how it is captured. The reader is referred to the W3C PROV Model Primer as reference for now [[Gil2012]].
Update the above paragraph to point to specifications how Open PHACTS decides to expose provenance information.
Because the Open PHACTS GUI is human language oriented, all entities in the data must be associated with a human readable label. It is important that for all texts, like labels and definitions, the language it is represented in is explicitly identified. For example (not a full RDF serialization):
ex:methane rdfs:label “methaan”@nl .
Occasionally, there are concepts in your data that do not have labels in the data source. For example, the interaction between two proteins or the property of a molecule. Labels like "The interaction between protein A and protein B" and "The molecular weight of molecule A" can be autogenerated. If this label follows implicitly from the semantic typing of the entities and relations between those entities, then a label may be omitted. An example is the molecular weight property in the next section.
Relations can be modeled as both a predicate and a concept. In the former type it is commonly the relation type that is represented by a predicate. For example, "binds to" clearly has a label. But if the relationship is a unique one, for example, a specific binding affinity with which you want to associate further information, you would commonly model this as a concept instead of a predicate. In such cases, you can omit the label, which is favored over labels like "an affinity between target X and compound Y".
Blank nodes must not be used, following for example the Banff Manifesto [[banffmanifesto]]; each concept or thing should have a unique IRI, which may be similar to those of more principle resources. For example, the following CHEMINF example describes a molecule with one of its properties, where the property is an instance itself and has a IRI quite similar to that of the molecule it characterizes:
ex:m1 cheminf:CHEMINF_000200 ex:m1/full_mwt . ex:m1/full_mwt a cheminf:CHEMINF_000198 . ex:m1/full_mwt cheminf:SIO_000300 "341.748" .
At this moment, no further restrictions on the RDF triple structure is made, but it may be useful to read up on considerations in URIs patterns, labels names, etc, others have made in the past. For example, the OBO Foundry wrote up a series of principles which provide an interesting read into what the consequences can be of practices you adopt.
Below is a brief overview of tools that may assist the triple generation.
Description: Sesame is a Java framework for handling RDF data. It includes functionality for parsing, storing, inferencing and querying of RDF data. Development is support by the Dutch company Aduna.
Homepage: http://www.openrdf.org
Audience: Java programmers
Tutorial: http://www.openrdf.org/doc/sesame2/users/
Description: “Jena is another Java framework for building Semantic Web applications, originally developed by HP, now under the Apache umbrella. It provides am environment for handling RDF, RDFS and OWL, SPARQL.
Homepage: http://jena.sourceforge.net/
Audience: Java programmers
Tutorial: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/j-jena/
Description: Tripliser is a Java library and command-line tool for creating triple graphs from XML. It is particularly suitable for data exhibiting any of the following characteristics: messy - missing data, badly formatted data, changeable structure; bulky - large volumes; and volatile - ongoing changes to data and structure.
Homepage: http://daverog.github.com/tripliser/
Audience: Java programmers
Tutorial: http://daverog.github.com/tripliser/
Description: A Ruby library for working with RDF data.
Homepage: http://rdf.rubyforge.org/
Audience: Ruby programmers
Tutorial: http://rdf.rubyforge.org/
Description: A tool than can convert anything to triples, supporting microformats, RDFa, Microdata, RDF/XML, Turtle, N-Triples and NQuads.
Homepage: http://any23.org
Audience: Everybody
Tutorial: http://any23.org
Description: An Eclipse plugin [[Marx2013]].
Homepage: http://lod2.inf.puc-rio.br/site/download/
Audience: Everybody
While dedicated semantic web tools make it hard to introduce syntactic errors, it is still possible to make mistakes in the resulting RDF, and the generated triples should be validated.
There are various levels at which the data should be validated. First, it should be validated that the created syntax notation is correct, for which various online services are available. Remark: Some encodings of special characters may pose problems and may have to converted or be replaced. One such validator tool is the W3C RDF Validation Service, at http://www.w3.org/RDF/Validator/.
Second, the output should be checked that the selected common ontologies are correctly used. For example, that predicates with literal domains are indeed used for such in the output. An example of common misuse, is using the wrong Dublin Core namespace [[Nilsson2008]]; there are two, both defining a dc:title predicate, but only one namespace should be used with literal values.
This also applies to the use of links as outlined in step 5, where these linking predicates can make claims of the nature of resources. For example, skos:closeMatch implies that the subject and object resources are also SKOS concepts. That should not conflict with other triples.
One aspect here is that the resulting data should be verified for internal consistency. This is particularly important if the used common ontologies define relations (predicates) that specify what types of objects it links (RDF domain and range). Tools like Protégé (http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/api/) and Pellet (http://clarkparsia.com/pellet/) can be used for that.
Last but not least, the whole transformation should be unit tested. This testing can be done as part of this step, or after later steps. These tests make assertions regarding number of resources in the RDF data, testing that they match those in the original data. Additionally, the tests should test that the anticipated RDF structure is accurately reflected in the triple data set. Unit tests can be exposed as SPARQL queries and a query tool, like Rasqal, can then be used to see if expected results are returned.
In addition to the tools mentioned above, the Manchester University team has developed a few validation webservices, including validators for RDF documents.
Below is a brief overview of tools that may assist the triple validation.
Description: Webpage that accepts raw triple content and URLs pointing to RDF documents.
Homepage: http://www.w3.org/RDF/Validator/
Description: Command line utility.
Homepage: http://librdf.org/raptor/rapper.html
cat data.ttl | rapper -i turtle -t -q - . > /dev/null
Description: Command line utility.
Homepage: http://librdf.org/rasqal/
roqet --results=ntriples -i sparql -e 'CONSTRUCT WHERE { ?s ?p ?o } LIMIT 5' -D data.ttl
Description: Website that spots common mistakes.
Homepage: http://graphite.ecs.soton.ac.uk/checker/
Description: A general-purpose command line utility for the semantic web.
Homepage: http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/doc/cwm.html
There are various ways to make your data available for others to use:
Linked Open Data requires the data to be linkable, and therefore that URIs are dereferencable (see the Linked Open Data star system). Dereferencable means that IRIs identifying resources can be used using the web design (via domain name and web servers) resolve in triples about that resources. For example, the following resource IRI for methane is dereferencable:
http://rdf.openmolecules.net/?InChI=1S/CH4/h1H4
However, because data used in Open PHACTS will be loaded into a central cache, all data must be available for bulk download. This means that all triples, including provenance, etc, are archived into a .zip or .tar.bz2 file, and shared via a HTTP and FTP server, allowing others to download all triples and use that locally.
Additionally, a third option is highly recommend as a minimal way to make the triples accessible: via a SPARQL end point. Various tools are available for this purpose, including tools mentioned earlier to create triples, such as Sesame and Jena. These both provide store functionality, including SPARQL functionality, but are APIs primarily, and can wrap around triple stores that scale better, such as Virtuoso and Owlim. A comparison of some triple stores was done by the FU Berlin and can be found here, but we also node that performance depends strongly in your use case [[Erling2011]]. Information about the capacity of triple stores can be found at w3.org (link). We note that these statistics change every half year, and the reader is strongly encouraged to look up recent numbers.
The list of tools that provide SPARQL end point functionality include those below. Other overviews exists, like this one on w3.org.
Homepage: http://www.openrdf.org/
Documentation: http://www.openrdf.org/documentation.jsp
Homepage: http://jena.sourceforge.net/
Documentation: http://jena.sourceforge.net/documentation.html
Homepage: http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/
Documentation: http://docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso/
Homepage: http://www.ontotext.com/owlim
Documentation: http://owlim.ontotext.com/display/OWLIMv42/Home
Homepage: http://4store.org/
Documentation: http://4store.org/trac/wiki/Documentation
Homepage: http://www.mulgara.org/
Documentation: http://www.mulgara.org/documentation.html
Homepage: http://www.systap.com/bigdata.htm
Documentation: http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/bigdata/index.php?title=GettingStarted
Homepage: https://github.com/semsol/arc2/wiki
Documentation: https://github.com/semsol/arc2/wiki/Getting-started-with-ARC2
Now that you know what data you started with, what the RDF looks like, how you generated it, and how you make it available, you must document this provenance. In Open PHACTS the Dataset Descriptions for the Open Pharmacological Space specification details out how you are expecting to do this in very much detail [[OPSDD]]. The key ontology used by this specification is the VoID (Vocabulary of Interlinked Datasets ontology [[Cyganiak2011b]].
The data you should record includes but is not limited to:
The Manchester University team has developed a validator specifically aimed at VoID provenance information, and verified compliance with the Open PHACTS data set description specification [[OPSDD]].
The final step in creating RDF, is to advertise your RDF as to get it used, and to get it linked to. Various options can be considered, such as announcing the data on mailing lists, on the Open PHACTS website (or in the Open PHACTS weblogs), or more traditional channels like presenting a poster on a conference.
Like with conference posters, advertising RDF goes with certain requirements. Similar to the requirement that conference posters must be of a certain size, advertising RDF data sets must include, for example, license (or waiver) information (see Step 0), what ontologies are used (see Step 4), and their embedding in the Linked Open Data network (see Step 5). The VoID-encoded meta data from Step 11 can be reused.
Additionally, your data point should be registered with the appropriate registries. One of these is the Data Hub, formerly know as CKAN (http://thedatahub.org/).
To make data provided by a SPARQL end point as linked data, the PHP library Puelia can be used.
It is useful to compare your results at the end with what others have been doing. One option is to look at the Linked Open Data stars scheme.
As an additional feature, the steps are complemented with details on how that step addresses the requirements for Linked Open Data outlined by Berners-Lee [[BernersLee2006]], and popularized as the Linked Open Data start Scheme by Hausenblas [[Hausenblas2012]] and can be found at http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/star-scheme-by-example/. These are provided as further information on the context of those steps, rather than requirements resulting from these guidelines. In short, the starts have the following meaning according to Hausenblas:
| ★ | make your stuff available on the Web (whatever format) under an open license |
| ★★ | make it available as structured data (e.g., Excel instead of image scan of a table) |
| ★★★ | use non-proprietary formats (e.g., CSV instead of Excel) |
| ★★★★ | use URIs to identify things, so that people can point at your stuff |
| ★★★★★ | link your data to other data to provide context |
To comply to any stars, the license is the first step, and in these guidelines too (see Step 0). For most of the readers of this document, the second star comes for free: the data you are converting into in RDF is most likely already in a structured format (see Step 1). The third star does not require your data to be RDF either, but does insist on using Open Standards (see Step 6). Therefore, once your data is converted into some RDF, you reached a three star state. In fact, the fourth star requires the use of RDF (see Step 6), but also requires to provide a linked data version of your RDF data (see Step 8). Linked Data is also about people linking to your data. The interlinking of your RDF data to other linked data, is rewarded with a fifth star (see Step 5).


James loves to pig out in good food, but if he dosen't like it, he dosen't eat it.
These are James's skills.
This is my contact.mnpencildoodle@gmail.com


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Robin's Links to the Mystical Internet /Other web pages/Psychedelics
- Rockument /Grooves/Haight-Ashbury scene
-
The Rutting Bull (3 links!!!)
- /Sex & Drugs (3 links!!!)
- /Mutate
-
The Secrets of the Lands Without /Relative sites
-
Sector 6
-
Seeker1's CyberAnthropology Page
/Visit/Other stuff on the Web/DRUGS, LIES, N' VR
-
Seeraen Light Universal HOME OF MUSIC OF THE SUN!
-
Semuta Love Devices
- /the existential and ontological consequences of dynamic mutation
-
Serendipity by Peter Meyer
- /Psychedelic Tryptamines (3 links!!!)
- /Links to Documents containing Psychedelic Tryptamines (3 links!!!)
- /DMT Experience
- /Timewave Zero
-
Sidhe's Freehold
-
the silicon trip
-
The Slacker Ethic /Unclassified Links
- FEATURED LINK!
- /Links/Modern(?)Systems (3 links!!!)
- slf headquarters
-
The Space-Time Portal /LINKSTOLINKS (4 links!!!!)
-
Spider's Pick of the Day /June 8, 1995
- The Spirit of Truth
/Apocalypse Now? & /The Omega Point
-
Spirit over Mind over Body /Valuable Links/The Conscious mind
- Spooky's Milkbar
-
Sputnik Drug Information Zone
-
The Stark Fist of Removal /Websites of the Gods/Websites of the GODS, PART TWO!
-
Stephanos Androutsellis-Theotokis /Interesting
-
Steven K. Baum /Tersely identified list of salient sites
-
Steven Shaviro /My personal hotlist/Miscellaneous, Unique, Unclassifiable
- Stone Worship Design
- Strange but Drew /the living room (2 links!!)
-
The Sunshine Image Gallery /Fringe Resources
- Ye Midden of Sybil23
/Enthusiasm/Esoterica (3 links!!!)
-
Sympatico: The Inner Place /Spirit World/Shamanism
-
Synaptic Shenanigans! (2 links!!)
-
Synthetic Pleasures /Cool Links (3 Links!!!)
-
Tamisky's Home Page (3 links!!!)
-
Tao Lodge Archives 1995
- /Personal Interest/Pharmacopoeia and Agriculture
- /Personal Interest/Teachings and Philosophy
-
TAO Web /Regarding the Nature of Deity
-
TarantinoWorld /Lotsa Links
- TechnoBiz Ventures (Singapore)
/News & Publications/Culture on the Internet
-
Ted Holden's Home Page /Winners (The Good...)
-
Thinking Allowed /Related WebSites
-
Thinking Bob's Image of the Day /Trippy Tutt
-
The Thinking Man's Minefield /links
-
Theo 264: Christian Attitudes to War/Peace/Revolution
-
This is not a web page.
-
ThruTheEyes /Links
-
Tomigaya /Tomigaya Favorite Sites
-
Trader /Allowing the mind to wander, as it usually does
-
Transformational Technologies /Transformational Links (Two Links!!)
-
The Transhuman Mailing List
/
Re: H Visions of futurism? Vectra + Levi ads
-
TransPOP
/Transpop's Interpersonal Homepages/Japanese looks like PGP public key
-
Tree of Knowledge /Associations, Affiliations, People and other Special Links
-
Tweak: Exon /DeMenT (7 Links!!!!!!!)
-
Twisted Nipples /interesting random links
-
UB's Home Page /Anarchy/Cyberpunk
-
The Universe of Knowledge
/Personal Info/Creative Life/Edges of Truth
-
The Unofficial St. Matthew Homepages
-
The Unusual or Deep Site of the Day!
-
Van Morrison Homepage
/discography/Poetic Champions Compose/Alan Watts Blues/Alan Watts
-
Virgin Megaweb /Gaia/NetGuide/Top Net
-
The Wannabe Cool Room
- washed ashore /entheogens
-
WebDiva /Featured Sites
-
Weird and Wired on the World's Wild Web /Weirdness, Magick, Heresy
-
The Web Wanderer /CyberSurfing Sites
-
The Western Canon /postmodern intellectual hero vote results
-
the WholeSignal-WorkShop & WWWeb Almanack /Odd & Interesting Resources
-
The Wild Bohemian Home Page /Hippies/Haight-Ashbury archives
-
Winner's World of Psychedelia /Psychedelia & /People
-
(
the mag netsurfed it)
-
WIRED 3.07 NetSurf /Evolution, Revolution, Devolution
-
Wisdom's Maw /CIA + LSD =/lysergic acid diethylamide
-
Wissenschaft plus Politik
/Und hat auch noch eine etwas andere home-page
-
The Wizard Free Form Web /Weirdness/The Truly Inspired
-
wojimatic for the people /list o'links/bookmarks to be sorted
-
Worlds of Complexity, Empowerment, and compassion
- Yahoo
- /Society and Culture/Alternative
- /Society and Culture/Cyberculture
- /Entertainment/People/Leary, Timothy
- /Entertainment/People/McKenna, Terence
- /Health/Pharmacology/Drugs/Entheogens/Religious Use
- /Health/Pharmacology/Drugs/Specific Drugs/Psychedelics/Entheogens/Psilocybe Mushrooms
-
XTIME /Sites
-
yet another pointless site /major phun
-
YitzPage /other dark denizens of the web
- Your WebScout
/Mystics, Paganism & New Age
/Other Forms Of Religion & Spirituality
-
Zach's Happy Little Web Page
|
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--- layout: post title: VSA webinar presentation tags: - News - Research ---
I had the great pleasure to present parts of my Ph.D. work at the webinar series on Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSAs) organized by Prof. Evgeny Osipov. You can watch the video recording of my presentation titled Vector Symbolic Architectures for Automotive Scene Representation and Downstream Applications below.


| 006:140 Khan | : |
Indeed lost are they who have killed their children, from folly, without knowledge, and have forbidden that which Allah has provided for them, inventing a lie against Allah.   They indeed have gone astray and are not guided. |
| 006:140 Rashad | : |
Losers indeed are those who killed their children foolishly, due to their lack of knowledge, and prohibited what GOD has provided for them, and followed innovations attributed to GOD. They have gone astray; they are not guided. |
| 006:140 Sarwar | : |
Those who foolishly and ignorantly murdered their children, ascribed falsehood to God and made unlawful what He had given to them for their sustenance, have certainly lost much. They had gone far away from the right guidance. |
| 006:140 Shakir | : |
They are lost indeed who kill their children foolishly without knowledge, and forbid what Allah has given to them forging a lie against Allah; they have indeed gone astray, and they are not the followers of the right course. |
| 006:140 Sherali | : |
Losers indeed are they who slay their children foolishly for lack of knowledge, and make unlawful what ALLAH has provided for them, forging a lie against ALLAH. They have indeed gone astray and are not rightly guided. |
| 006:140 Yusufali | : |
Lost are those who slay their children, from folly, without knowledge, and forbid food which Allah hath provided for them, inventing (lies) against Allah. They have indeed gone astray and heeded no guidance. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الشرك والمشركون > أصنامهم والتهكم بهم على عبادتها Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Polytheism and the Polytheists> Their Idols and the Mockery for Worshipping them أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الكافرون > افتراؤهم على الله وتكذيبهم ومجادلتهم بآيات الله Pillars of Islam> Islamic> The Disbelievers> Their Fabrication Against Allah, their Denial and Argumentation Against Allah's Signs أركان الإسلام > الدين > الجاهلية Pillars of Islam> Religion> The Paganism أركان الإسلام > الصيام > الطعام والأغذية Pillars of Islam> Fasting> Food and Nourishments القرآن الكريم > تغييرهم حكم القرآن The Holy Quran> Changing the Quran Rules العمل > العمل الطالح > القتل والقتال > قتل الأولاد Action(Work)> Bad Deeds>Killing and Fighting> Children Killing العمل > العمل الطالح > القتل والقتال > قتل النفس التي حرّم الله Action(Work)> Bad Deeds>Killing and Fighting> Killing Anyone whose Killing Allah has Forbidden الإنسان والعلاقات الأخلاقية > الأخلاق الذميمة > الافتراء على الله ورسوله Man and The Moral Relations>The Dispraised Morals>Fabrication Against Allah and His Messenger الإنسان والعلاقات الاجتماعية > الأسرة > الأولاد Man and The Social Relations>The Family>Children الإنسان والعلاقات الاجتماعية > الأسرة > قتل الأولاد Man and The Social Relations>The Family>Killing the Children
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


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[gecode-users] Clockwise constraint
Guido Tack
tack at ps.uni-sb.de
Tue Jun 3 10:40:02 CEST 2008
Malcolm Ryan wrote:
> Hrm, it seems that the extensional version is going to be inordinately
> large. How hard would it be to write a propagator for this specific
> constraint X = (A < B < C)?
>
> If X is known, it can simply devolve into atomic constraints.
> If X is unknown, it would just need to check that there exists b in
> dom(B) such that min(A) < b < max(C), to be re-computed whenever
> min(A), dom(B) or max(C) changed.
Yes, that would be the reasoning that's needed.
> If we kept the smallest value of b
> between propagations the amortised cost of the computation could be
> small.
That wouldn't help, because you cannot start checking for values
starting from that previous smallest value.
> How would I go about adding this to Gecode/J?
Unfortunately, we just found out that one important ingredient for
reified propagators currently does not work in Gecode/J: you cannot
return ES_SUBSUMED from a propagator (which you need in order to
rewrite into other propagators). So I'm afraid currently the only
option is to add the propagator in C++ and then interface it to Java.
Cheers,
Guido
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