A C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T U V Z
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I
- id - Variable in class Models.Appointment
- id - Variable in class Models.Contact
-
ID of the contact.
- id - Variable in class Models.Country
-
ID of the Country.
- id - Variable in class Models.Customer
-
ID of Customer.
- id - Variable in class Models.Division
-
ID of Division.
- id - Variable in class Models.User
-
ID of User.
- idColumn - Variable in class Controllers.Reports
- information(String) - Static method in class Utilities.Alerts
-
Alerts user with information
- initialize() - Method in class Controllers.AppointmentDetails
-
Initializes the Appointment Details Screen.
- initialize() - Method in class Controllers.Calendar
-
Initializes the Calendar view.
- initialize() - Method in class Controllers.CustomerDetails
-
Initializes the Customer Details window.
- initialize() - Method in class Controllers.Login
-
Initializes the Login screen.
- initialize() - Method in class Controllers.Reports
-
Initializes the Reports window.
- initializeAppointments() - Method in class Controllers.Reports
-
Initializes the Appointments Table.
- initializeAppointmentTable() - Method in class Controllers.Calendar
-
Initializes the Appointments table.
- initializeComboBoxes() - Method in class Controllers.AppointmentDetails
-
Initializes the Contact ComboBox & Customer ComboBox.
- initializeContactComboBox() - Method in class Controllers.Reports
-
Initializes the Contact Combo Box.
- initializeContacts() - Method in class Controllers.Reports
-
Retrieves all contacts from the Database.
- initializeContactYearReport() - Method in class Controllers.Reports
-
Retrieves the contact to year reports.
- initializeCustomerTable() - Method in class Controllers.Calendar
-
Initializes the Customer Table.
- initializeData(Appointment, ObservableList<Customer>, Consumer<Appointment>) - Method in class Controllers.AppointmentDetails
-
Initializes Data coming from the Calendar Controller.
- initializeData(Customer, Consumer<Customer>) - Method in class Controllers.CustomerDetails
-
Initializes data sent in from the calling controller.
- initializeData(User) - Method in class Controllers.Calendar
-
Initializes Data.
- initializeDatePickers() - Method in class Controllers.AppointmentDetails
-
Initializes the DatePickers.
- initializeLogManager() - Static method in class Utilities.Logger
-
Initializes Log Manager from logging.properties
- initializeTypeMonthReport() - Method in class Controllers.Reports
-
Retrieves the type to month reports.
- insert(Appointment) - Method in class Utilities.Database.AppointmentDao
-
Inserts an appointment into a database.
- insert(Contact) - Method in class Utilities.Database.ContactDao
-
Inserts a contact into database.
- insert(Country) - Method in class Utilities.Database.CountryDao
-
Inserts a Country into the Database.
- insert(Customer) - Method in class Utilities.Database.CustomerDao
-
Inserts a single Customer into database.
- insert(Division) - Method in class Utilities.Database.DivisionsDao
-
Inserts Division into database.
- insert(User) - Method in class Utilities.Database.UserDao
-
Inserts a Single user into the database.
- insert(T) - Method in interface Utilities.Database.DAO
-
Inserts type T object into database.
- isConflict(Appointment) - Method in class Controllers.Calendar
-
Checks to see if the Appointment has a conflict with an existing appointment.
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Page Loader
You can show or hide the loading screen at any time by using helpers.uiLoader('show')
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1. Abstract
We propose deprecating most of
. This paper explores § 3.4 How we got here. See § 3.2 Proposed changes for a short overview, § 3.6 Why the proposed changes? for details, and § 7 Examples. There
is currently no proposed wording: this paper tries to capture all of the
required context and lets WG21 choose whether to tackle everything at once or
incrementally.
The proposed deprecation preserves the useful parts of
, and removes
the dubious / already broken ones. This paper aims at breaking at compile-time
code which is today subtly broken at runtime or through a compiler update. The
paper might also break another type of code: that which doesn’t exist. This
removes a significant foot-gun and removes unintuitive corner cases from the
languages.
2. A Syntax of Three Parts
C and C++ have syntax for
, and it is a syntax in three parts.
volatile The most obvious part is the abstract machine syntax, made by loads and stores present in the original program. If there is an expression that would have touched
memory in the original source, it will generate instructions by which each byte will be touched exactly once. If there had been shared memory, a signal, even
volatile /
setjmp , the
longjmp would have filled the compiler with doubt, the slowness and preciseness one expects from a compiler during external modifications. If it had been part of the memory model… but no, of course, it isn’t part of the memory model. In fact there are none of these things, and so the syntax remains.
volatile Inside C, pairs of operations can huddle with
,
++ , or
-- . They’re used with quiet determination, avoiding serious code. In doing this with
op = C adds a small, sullen syntax to the larger, hollow one. It makes an alloy of sorts, a counterpoint.
volatile The third syntax is not an easy thing to notice. If you read the Standard for hours, you might begin to notice it in the Standard Library under its specializations and in the rough, splintered applications of design guidelines. It adds weight to Generic Programs which hold the instantiations of templates long specialized. It is in the slow back and forth of code reviews rubbing out esoteric corner cases. And it is all in C++, adding to classes that already are qualified through
.
const The C++ Committee can move with the subtle certainty that comes from knowing many things.
is ours, just as the third syntax is ours. This is appropriate, as it is the most onerous syntax of the three, wrapping the others inside itself. It is as deep and wide as
volatile -qualification. It is heavy as a great river-smooth stone. It is the patient, cut-flower syntax of a feature which is waiting to be deprecated.
const — The Name of
in the style of [NotW]
volatile
3. The Wise Programmer’s Fear
There are three things all wise programmers fear: C’s corner cases, a hardware platform with no documentation, and the anger of an optimizing compiler.
— The Name of
in the style of [NotW]
volatile
3.1. Overview
is often revered as a sacred decree from C, yet very little is known
about what it actually means. Further, that knowledge is often disjoint from how
is actually used. In this section we’ll lay out what we want to
change, explain what is useful, explain how the language got to where it is,
present what the C and C++ standards say and how they got there, and finally
we’ll justify what should be revised.
3.2. Proposed changes
This proposal has the following goals:
-
Continue supporting the time-honored usage of
to load and store variables that are used for shared memory, signal handling,volatile
/setjmp
, or other external modifications such as special hardware support.longjmp -
Deprecate (and eventually remove)
compound assignmentvolatile
, and pre / post increment / decrementop = --
.++ -
Deprecate (and eventually remove)
-qualification of member functions. Don’t changevolatile
-qualification of data members.volatile -
Deprecate (and eventually remove) partial template specializations involving
, overloads onvolatile
, and qualified member functions for all but thevolatile
andatomic
parts of the Library.numeric_limits -
Deprecate (and eventually remove)
member functions ofvolatile
in favor of new template partial specializations which will only declareatomic
,load
, and only exist whenstore
isis_always_lock_free true
. Preserve most
free function overloads for atomic.volatile -
Deprecate (and eventually remove) non-reference and non-pointer
parameters. Deprecate (and eventually remove)volatile
as well asconst
return values. References and pointers tovolatile
data remain valid.volatile
A rationale for each of these is provided in § 3.6 Why the proposed changes?.
3.3. When is volatile
useful?
Knowing your own ignorance is the first step to enlightenment.
― The Wise Man’s Fear [WMF]
Colloquially,
tells the compiler to back off and not optimize code
too much. If the source code contains a load or store of a
operation
then these should occur as many times in the final execution. A
operation cannot be eliminated or fused with a subsequent one, even if the
compiler thinks that it can prove that it’s useless. A
operation
cannot be speculated, even if the compiler can undo or otherwise make that
speculation benign.
Importantly,
does not guarantee that memory operations won’t tear,
meaning that a
load may observe partial writes and
stores
may be observed in parts. Realistically, compilers will only tear when the
hardware doesn’t have an instruction which can perform the entire memory
operation atomically. That being said, the Standard technically allows an
implementation which touched each target byte exactly once, one after the other,
in an unspecified order that could change on each execution.
The order of
operations cannot change relative to other
operations, but may change relative to non-
operations.
That being said,
doesn’t imply any observable ordering in terms of
the C++ memory model. Atomic instructions guarantee sequential consistency for
data-race free programs (data races are otherwise undefined behavior) [BATTY].
has no such guarantee and doesn’t imply a memory ordering or any
fencing, though some implementations provide stronger guarantees (such as [XTENSA] and [MSVC]). This is not in contradiction with the previous
paragraph: the instructions are emitted in a defined order, but processors can
issue and execute them out of order, and other cores may observe them in a
completely different order if no extra synchronization is used. Such
synchronization can come from implementation guarantees or hardware mapping
specifics.
is nonetheless a useful concept to have at the level of the language.
It is more practical than inline assembly because it lives within the language
and offers fairly portable semantics for load and store. It is more capable than
externally linked assembly functions (such as defined in
files) because
compilers don’t typically inline these functions.
3.4. How we got here
When discussing
in C++ it is important to understand that
came from C, before either language acquired a memory model and acknowledged the
existence of threads.
3.4.1. Original intent for volatile
in C
[SEBOR] lays out the original intent for
in C:
The use case that motivated the introduction of the
keyword into C was a variant of the following snippet copied from early UNIX sources [SysIII]:
volatile #define KL 0177560 struct { char lobyte , hibyte ; }; struct { int ks , kb , ps , pb ; }; getchar () { register rc ; ... while ( KL -> ks . lobyte >= 0 ); rc = KL -> kb & 0177 ; ... return rc ; } The desired effect of the while loop in the
function is to iterate until the most significant (sign) bit of the keyboard status register mapped to an address in memory represented by the
getchar () macro (the address of the memory-mapped
KL I/O register on the PDP-11) has become non-zero, indicating that a key has been pressed, and then return the character value extracted from the low 7 bits corresponding to the pressed key. In order for the function to behave as expected, the compiler must emit an instruction to read a value from the I/O register on each iteration of the loop. In particular, the compiler must avoid caching the read value in a CPU register and substituting it in subsequent accesses.
KBD_STAT On the other hand, in situations where the memory location doesn’t correspond to a special memory-mapped register, it’s more efficient to avoid reading the value from memory if it happens to already have been read into a CPU register, and instead use the value cached in the CPU register.
The problem is that without some sort of notation (in K&R C there was none) there would be no way for a compiler to distinguish between these two cases. The following paragraph quoted from The C Programming Language, Second Edition [KR], by Kernighan and Ritchie, explains the solution that was introduced into standard C to deal with this problem: the
keyword.
volatile The purpose of
is to force an implementation to suppress optimization that could otherwise occur. For example, for a machine with memory-mapped input/output, a pointer to a device register might be declared as a pointer to
volatile , in order to prevent the compiler from removing apparently redundant references through the pointer.
volatile Using the
keyword, it should then be possible to rewrite the loop in the snippet above as follows:
volatile while ( * ( volatile int * ) & KL -> ks . lobyte >= 0 ); or equivalently:
volatile int * lobyte = & KL -> ks . lobyte ; while ( * lobyte >= 0 ); and prevent the compiler from caching the value of the keyboard status register, thus guaranteeing that the register will be read once in each iteration.
The difference between the two forms of the rewritten loop is of historical interest: Early C compilers are said to have recognized the first pattern (without the
keyword) where the address used to access the register was a constant, and avoided the undesirable optimization for such accesses [GWYN]. However, they did not have the same ability when the access was through pointer variable in which the address had been stored, especially not when the use of such a variable was far removed from the last assignment to it. The
volatile keyword was intended to allow both forms of the loop to work as expected.
volatile The use case exemplified by the loop above has since become idiomatic and is being extensively relied on in today’s software even beyond reading I/O registers.
As a representative example, consider the Linux kernel which relies on
in its implementation of synchronization primitives such as spin locks, or for performance counters. The variables that are operated on by these primitives are typically declared to be of unqualified (i.e., non
volatile ) scalar types and allocated in ordinary memory. In serial code, for maximum efficiency, each such variable is read and written just like any other variable, with its value cached in a CPU register as compiler optimizations permit. At well-defined points in the code where such a variable may be accessed by more than one CPU at a time, the caching must be prevented and the variable must be accessed using the special
volatile semantics. To achieve that, the kernel defines two macros:
volatile , and
READ_ONCE , in whose terms the primitives are implemented. Each of the macros prevents the compiler optimization by casting the address of its argument to a
WRITE_ONCE and accessing the variable via an lvalue of the
volatile T * -qualified type
volatile (where
T is one of the standard scalar types). Other primitives gurantee memory synchronization and visibility but those are orthogonal to the subject of this paper. See [P0124R5].
T Similar examples can be found in other system or embedded programs as well as in many other pre-C11 and pre-C++11 code bases that don’t rely on the Atomic types and operations newly introduced in those standards. . They are often cited in programming books [CBOOK] and in online articles [INTRO] [WHY] [WHYC].
3.4.2. C89 intent
[RATIONALE] lays out the intent for
in C89:
The C89 Committee concluded that about the only thing a strictly conforming program can do in a signal handler is to assign a value to a volatile static variable which can be written uninterruptedly and promptly return.
[…]
: No cacheing through this lvalue: each operation in the abstract semantics must be performed (that is, no cacheing assumptions may be made, since the location is not guaranteed to contain any previous value). In the absence of this qualifier, the contents of the designated location may be assumed to be unchanged except for possible aliasing.
volatile […]
A
object is an appropriate model for a memory-mapped I/O register. Implementors of C translators should take into account relevant hardware details on the target systems when implementing accesses to
static volatile objects. For instance, the hardware logic of a system may require that a two-byte memory-mapped register not be accessed with byte operations; and a compiler for such a system would have to assure that no such instructions were generated, even if the source code only accesses one byte of the register. Whether read-modify-write instructions can be used on such device registers must also be considered. Whatever decisions are adopted on such issues must be documented, as
volatile access is implementation-defined. A
volatile object is also an appropriate model for a variable shared among multiple processes.
volatile A
object appropriately models a memory-mapped input port, such as a real-time clock. Similarly, a
static const volatile object models a variable which can be altered by another process but not by this one.
const volatile […]
A cast of a value to a qualified type has no effect; the qualification (
, say) can have no effect on the access since it has occurred prior to the cast. If it is necessary to access a non-
volatile object using
volatile semantics, the technique is to cast the address of the object to the appropriate pointer-to-qualified type, then dereference that pointer.
volatile […]
The C89 Committee also considered requiring that a call to
restore the calling environment fully, that is, that upon execution of
longjmp , all local variables in the environment of
longjmp have the values they did at the time of the
setjmp call. Register variables create problems with this idea. Unfortunately, the best that many implementations attempt with register variables is to save them in
longjmp at the time of the initial
jmp_buf call, then restore them to that state on each return initiated by a
setjmp call. Since compilers are certainly at liberty to change register variables to automatic, it is not obvious that a register declaration will indeed be rolled back. And since compilers are at liberty to change automatic variables to register if their addresses are never taken, it is not obvious that an automatic declaration will not be rolled back, hence the vague wording. In fact, the only reliable way to ensure that a local variable retain the value it had at the time of the call to
longjmp is to define it with the
longjmp attribute.
volatile
3.4.3. Intent in C++
was extended to "fit" into C++ by allowing
-qualification
to member functions. [DE] states:
To match ANSI C, the
modifier was introduced to help optimizer implementers. I am not at all sure that the syntactic parallel with
volatile is warranted by semantic similarities. However, I never had strong feelings about
const and see no reason to try to improve on the ANSI C committee’s decisions in this area.
volatile
As threads and a formal model were added to C++ it was unclear what role
should play. It was often advocated for multi-threaded applications [INTRO]. This advice is incorrect as [ROBISON] explains. Others, such as [ALEXANDRESCU], suggested using
member functions to have the type
system enforce user annotations about thread safety. Various approaches were
suggested to improve visibility of writes in a memory model—such as [REGEHR]—but weren’t adopted for C++. [N2016] explains why
shouldn’t acquire atomicity and thread visibility semantics. Further, [BOEHM] makes the a case that threads cannot be implemented as a library. A variety of
FAQs existed to help programmers make sense of the state of concurrency before
C++0x became C++11, for example [FAQ]. The behavior of
has slightly
changed over time [CWG1054] [CHANGE] [WHEN]. Importantly, C++11’s memory
model forbids the compiler from introducing races in otherwise correct code,
modulo compiler bugs [INVALID].
3.5. Current Wording
C++ has flaws, but what does that matter when it comes to matters of the heart? We love what we love. Reason does not enter into it. In many ways, unwise love is the truest love. Anyone can love a thing because. That’s as easy as putting a penny in your pocket. But to love something despite. To know the flaws and love them too. That is rare and pure and perfect.
― The Wise Programmer’s Fear in the style of [WMF]
The above description doesn’t tell us how
is used: it merely sets
out, informally, what it guarantees and what the intent was. What follows are
the formal guarantees provided by
. As of this writing, the word
appears 322 times in the current draft of the C++ Standard [DRAFT].
Here are the salient appearances from C++17 [N4659]:
Program execution [intro.execution]
Accesses through
glvalues are evaluated strictly according to the rules of the abstract machine.
volatile Reading an object designated by a
glvalue, modifying an object, calling a library I/O function, or calling a function that does any of those operations are all side effects, which are changes in the state of the execution environment. Evaluation of an expression (or a subexpression) in general includes both value computations (including determining the identity of an object for glvalue evaluation and fetching a value previously assigned to an object for prvalue evaluation) and initiation of side effects. When a call to a library I/O function returns or an access through a
volatile glvalue is evaluated the side effect is considered complete, even though some external actions implied by the call (such as the I/O itself) or by the
volatile access may not have completed yet.
volatile
Data races [intro.races]
Two accesses to the same object of type
volatile do not result in a data race if both occur in the same thread, even if one or more occurs in a signal handler. For each signal handler invocation, evaluations performed by the thread invoking a signal handler can be divided into two groups A and B, such that no evaluations in B happen before evaluations in A, and the evaluations of such
std :: sig_atomic_t
volatile objects take values as though all evaluations in A happened before the execution of the signal handler and the execution of the signal handler happened before all evaluations in B.
std :: sig_atomic_t
Forward progress [intro.progress]
The implementation may assume that any thread will eventually do one of the following:
terminate,
make a call to a library I/O function,
perform an access through a
glvalue, or
volatile perform a synchronization operation or an atomic operation
During the execution of a thread of execution, each of the following is termed an execution step:
termination of the thread of execution,
performing an access through a
glvalue, or
volatile completion of a call to a library I/O function, a synchronization operation, or an atomic operation.
Class member access [expr.ref]
Abbreviating postfix-expression.id-expression as
,
E1 . E2 is called the object expression. If
E1 is a bit-field,
E2 is a bit-field. The type and value category of
E1 . E2 are determined as follows. In the remainder of [expr.ref], cq represents either
E1 . E2 or the absence of
const and vq represents either
const or the absence of
volatile . cv represents an arbitrary set of cv-qualifiers.
volatile
If
is a non-static data member and the type of
E2 is “cq1 vq1 X”, and the type of
E1 is “cq2 vq2 T”, the expression designates the named member of the object designated by the first expression. If
E2 is an lvalue, then
E1 is an lvalue; otherwise
E1 . E2 is an xvalue. Let the notation vq12 stand for the “union” of vq1 and vq2; that is, if vq1 or vq2 is
E1 . E2 , then vq12 is
volatile . Similarly, let the notation cq12 stand for the “union” of cq1 and cq2; that is, if cq1 or cq2 is
volatile , then cq12 is
const . If
const is declared to be a
E2 member, then the type of
mutable is “vq12 T”. If
E1 . E2 is not declared to be a
E2 member, then the type of
mutable is “cq12 vq12 T”.
E1 . E2
The cv-qualifiers [dcl.type.cv]
The semantics of an access through a
glvalue are implementation-defined. If an attempt is made to access an object defined with a
volatile -qualified type through the use of a non-
volatile glvalue, the behavior is undefined.
volatile [ Note:
is a hint to the implementation to avoid aggressive optimization involving the object because the value of the object might be changed by means undetectable by an implementation. Furthermore, for some implementations,
volatile might indicate that special hardware instructions are required to access the object. See [intro.execution] for detailed semantics. In general, the semantics of
volatile are intended to be the same in C++ as they are in C. —end note]
volatile
Non-static member functions [class.mfct.non-static]
A non-static member function may be declared
,
const , or
volatile . These cv-qualifiers affect the type of the
const volatile pointer. They also affect the function type of the member function; a member function declared
this is a
const member function, a member function declared
const is a
volatile member function and a member function declared
volatile is a
const volatile member function.
const volatile
The this pointer [class.this]
In the body of a non-static member function, the keyword
is a prvalue expression whose value is the address of the object for which the function is called. The type of
this in a member function of a class
this is
X . If the member function is declared
X * , the type of
const is
this , if the member function is declared
const X * , the type of
volatile is
this , and if the member function is declared
volatile X * , the type of
const volatile is
this .
const volatile X *
semantics apply in
volatile member functions when accessing the object and its non-static data members.
volatile
Constructors [class.ctor]
A constructor can be invoked for a
,
const or
volatile object.
const volatile and
const semantics are not applied on an object under construction. They come into effect when the constructor for the most derived object ends.
volatile
Destructors [class.dtor]
A destructor is used to destroy objects of its class type. The address of a destructor shall not be taken. A destructor can be invoked for a
,
const or
volatile object.
const volatile and
const semantics are not applied on an object under destruction. They stop being in effect when the destructor for the most derived object starts.
volatile
Overloadable declarations [over.load]
Parameter declarations that differ only in the presence or absence of
and/or
const are equivalent. That is, the
volatile and
const type-specifiers for each parameter type are ignored when determining which function is being declared, defined, or called.
volatile
Built-in operators [over.built]
In the remainder of this section, vq represents either
or no cv-qualifier.
volatile For every pair (T, vq), where T is an arithmetic type other than
, there exist candidate operator functions of the form
bool vq T & operator ++ ( vq T & ); T operator ++ ( vq T & , int ); For every pair (T, vq), where T is an arithmetic type other than
, there exist candidate operator functions of the form
bool vq T & operator -- ( vq T & ); T operator -- ( vq T & , int ); For every pair (T, vq), where T is a cv-qualified or cv-unqualified object type, there exist candidate operator functions of the form
T * vq & operator ++ ( T * vq & ); T * vq & operator -- ( T * vq & ); T * operator ++ ( T * vq & , int ); T * operator -- ( T * vq & , int ); For every quintuple (C1, C2, T, cv1, cv2), where C2 is a class type, C1 is the same type as C2 or is a derived class of C2, and T is an object type or a function type, there exist candidate operator functions of the form
cv12 T & operator ->* ( cv1 C1 * , cv2 T C2 ::* ); For every triple (L, vq, R), where L is an arithmetic type, and R is a promoted arithmetic type, there exist candidate operator functions of the form
vq L & operator = ( vq L & , R ); vq L & operator *= ( vq L & , R ); vq L & operator /= ( vq L & , R ); vq L & operator += ( vq L & , R ); vq L & operator -= ( vq L & , R ); For every pair (T, vq), where T is any type, there exist candidate operator functions of the form
T * vq & operator = ( T * vq & , T * ); For every pair (T, vq), where T is an enumeration or pointer to member type, there exist candidate operator functions of the form
vq T & operator = ( vq T & , T ); For every pair (T, vq), where T is a cv-qualified or cv-unqualified object type, there exist candidate operator functions of the form
T * vq & operator += ( T * vq & , std :: ptrdiff_t ); T * vq & operator -= ( T * vq & , std :: ptrdiff_t ); For every triple (L, vq, R), where L is an integral type, and R is a promoted integral type, there exist candidate operator functions of the form
vq L & operator %= ( vq , L & , R ); vq L & operator <<= ( vq , L & , R ); vq L & operator >>= ( vq , L & , R ); vq L & operator &= ( vq , L & , R ); vq L & operator ^= ( vq , L & , R ); vq L & operator |= ( vq , L & , R );
Here are salient appearances of
in the C17 Standard:
Type qualifiers
An object that has
-qualified type may be modified in ways unknown to the implementation or have other unknown side effects. Therefore any expression referring to such an object shall be evaluated strictly according to the rules of the abstract machine. Furthermore, at every sequence point the value last stored in the object shall agree with that prescribed by the abstract machine, except as modified by the unknown factors mentioned previously.† What constitutes an access to an object that has
volatile -qualified type is implementation-defined.
volatile † A
declaration may be used to describe an object corresponding to a memory-mapped input/output port or an object accessed by an asynchronously interrupting function. Actions on objects so declared shall not be "optimized out" by an implementation or reordered except as permitted by the rules for evaluating expressions.
volatile
3.6. Why the proposed changes?
Only priests and fools are fearless and I’ve never been on the best of terms with God.
— The Name of The Wind [NotW]
3.6.1. External modification
We’ve shown that
is purposely defined to denote external
modifications. This happens for:
-
Shared memory with untrusted code, where
is the right way to avoid time-of-check time-of-use (ToCToU) races which lead to security bugs such as [PWN2OWN] and [XENXSA155].volatile -
Signal handling, where at any time in a program’s execution a signal can occur, and the optimizer must therefore make sure that
operations occur (even though they are allowed to tear).volatile -
/setjmp
, wherelongjmp
can effectively return twice andsetjmp
is used to prevent motion of memory operations around this operation.volatile
is a more coarse-grained solution to this problem.atomic_signal_fence -
Various other external modifications such as special hardware support—e.g. memory-mapped registers—where the compiler cannot assume that memory doesn’t change or that writes aren’t synchronizing externally.
-
Marking that an infinite loop has side-effects and is therefore not undefined behavior (this can also be done with atomic or I/O operations).
-
Casting pointers to
to denote code expectingvolatile
semantics (as opposed having this as a property of data). This type of code is commonplace and we intend this paper to leave it alone, e.g. [TORVALDS].volatile -
Enforcing control dependencies and preventing compiler value speculation (such as through feedback-directed optimization) as discussed in [CONTROL].
-
Avoiding value speculation around some hand-rolled implementations of
(until [P0750R1] is resolved).memory_order_consume
As [SEBOR] lays out there have been wording issues around this usage. [TROUBLE] and [ACCESS_ONCE] make a similar case. This paper doesn’t try to
address those issues. We don’t see a reason to change existing syntax denoting
external modification in this paper: this paper rather focuses on deprecation of invalid or misleading uses of
. The above uses are valid and have
no alternative other than inline assembly.
deprecation / repurposing in any form wasn’t on the table when C++11
was standardized because existing code had no alternative but (sometimes
erroneous)
coupled with inline assembly. Now that codebases use
atomic and have moved away from erroneous
, we believe deprecation
is warranted. In other words, what would have been a disastrous breaking change
for C++11 is merely good house-cleaning for C++20.
A new language would likely do things differently, but this paper isn’t about
creating a new language. Notably, [D] and [Rust] took different approaches
(
/
and
/
respectively).
Note that an important aspect of external modification for
is
. As discussed in [CWG1688] a
is intentionally
permitted and could be used in some circumstances to force constant
initialization.
3.6.2. Compound assignment
external modifications are only truly meaningful for loads and
stores. Other read-modify-write operations imply touching the
object
more than once per byte because that’s fundamentally how hardware works. Even
atomic instructions (remember:
isn’t atomic) need to read and write
a memory location (e.g. x86’s
won’t allow a race
between the read and write, but needs to both read and write, whereas ARM will
require a load-linked store-conditional loop to perform the same operation).
These RMW operations are therefore misleading and should be spelled out as
separate
, or use
atomic operations which we
discuss below.
We propose to deprecate, and eventually remove,
compound assignment
, and pre / post increment / decrement
of
variables.
This is a departure from C which breaks source compatibility (once removed), but
maintains ABI compatibility.
We would like guidance on
when combined with
.
That guidance will depend on choices made with respect to
aggregates.
There’s a related problem in [TROUBLE] with chained assignments of
values, such as
. This is equally misleading, and it’s not
intuitive whether the value stored to
is re-read before storing to
. We
would like guidance on whether this is worth addressing.
3.6.3. volatile
qualified member functions
-qualification of member functions was added to C++ to parallel
-qualification. Unlike
-qualification this never truly got used
except for odd cases such as [ALEXANDRESCU]. [DE] is clearly uncertain about
whether
-qualification of member functions is warranted. This
mis-feature is either a heavy burden on Generic Programming, or something
Generic Programming purposely avoids supporting because it often doubles the
(already chatty) amount of Generic code.
Let’s consider what
-qualification truly means: a
could be used
in a context where it can be mutated, as well as in a context where it cannot be
mutated. A member function can be declared
to behave differently, and
this qualifier can be used to forbid usage of non-
member functions when
a variable is
. This doesn’t translate to
: why would a
sometimes map to hardware and sometimes not? And more importantly, how would
a member function meaningfully differ in those circumstances?
It’s worth noting that
constructors aren’t a thing:
semantics
come into effect when the constructor for the most derived object ends. The same
applies to
, but if the object was truly hardware-mapped or
potentially externally modified then it seems unwise to construct its members
without
semantics. Ditto for destructors.
We propose to deprecate, and eventually remove,
-qualified member
functions.
Our goal is to avoid the ambiguity where an aggregate is sometimes
and sometimes not. The above proposal forces developers to recursively
-qualify all non-aggregate data members. Alternatively, we could:
-
Mandate that member functions
-qualification be all-or-nothing; orvolatile -
Allow the aggregate declaration itself to be
(e.g.volatile
).struct volatile my_hardware { /* ... */ }; -
Disallow
-qualified aggregates entirely.volatile
Either of the first two approaches approaches clearly tell the compiler that
every data member access should be done in a
manner, and disallows
accessing that particular aggregate in a non-
manner. In all cases,
data members can still be
-qualified.
Which of the above approaches (deprecate
-qualified member
functions, all-or-nothing,
, or deprecate
aggregates, should we pursue?
If we keep
aggregates, it seems like
aggregates
should have constructors which initialize all members with
semantics,
and destroy them with
semantics. Otherwise, we encourage the use of
initialization / cleanup member functions. Alternatively, triviality could be
mandated for constructors and destructors of
aggregates. The author
is told by some embedded developers that it’s very common to have an aggregate
that describes some hardware, and to access hardware registers (member variables
of the aggregate) by indirection through a pointer to
struct.
If we keep
aggregates, what does it mean to have a
virtual function table pointer?
It is unclear how
should be accessed when all types in
the
aren’t stored using the same bits (i.e. should
always access the full union, even when only accessing
?). Some
hardware defines different semantics to MMIO register accesses of different
sizes to the same address. A union would be a natural way to represent such
hardware. This could be outside the scope of the current paper.
We would like guidance on whether
bit-fields should be
constrained. At the moment no guarantee is made about read-modify-write
operations required when mixing
and non-
bit-field data
members. It seems like, at a minimum, bit fields should always cause alignment
when subsequent data members change their cv-qualification. This could be
outside the scope of the current paper.
3.6.4. volatile
overloads in the Library
Partial template specializations involving
, overloads on
,
and qualified member functions are provided for the following classes:
-
numeric_limits -
tuple_size -
tuple_element -
variant_size -
variant_alternative -
atomic free function overloads
-
member functionsatomic
is obviously useful and should stay. Atomic is discussed below.
Tuple and variant are odd in how they’re made to support
, and we
wonder why other parts of the Library aren’t consistent. It’s unclear what
hardware mapping is expected from a tuple, and how a
discriminated
(such as variant) should be accessed.
We propose to deprecate, and eventually remove,
partial template
specializations, overloads, or qualified member functions for all but the
and
parts of the Library.
As of this writing,
appears in libc++ as follows:
| Directory | count
|
|---|---|
| 12 |
| 12 |
| 175 |
| 2 |
| 48 |
| 2 |
| 1 |
| 1 |
| 71 |
| 8 |
| 1 |
Should we go further and forbid
in containers? Some containers
seem useful for signal handlers and such, however how loads and stores are
performed to these containers isn’t mandated by the Standard which means that to
use containers in signal handlers one needs to synchronize separately with
and some form of token. Containers of
data are
therefore misleading at best.
3.6.5. volatile
atomic
can tear, provides no ordering guarantees (with respect to
non-
memory operations, and when it comes to CPU reordering), can
touch bytes exactly once, and inhibits optimizations. This is useful.
cannot tear, has a full memory model, can require a loop to succeed, and can be
optimized [N4455]. This is also useful.
atomic should offer the
union of these properties, but currently fails to do so:
-
A non-lock-free atomic can be
, in which case it can tear when the issued instructions are considered.volatile -
Read-modify-write operations are implemented as either loops which retry, locked instructions (which still perform a load and a store), as transactional memory operations, or as memory controller operations. Only the last of these can truly be said to touch each byte exactly once, and these hardware implementations are far from the norm.
We propose to deprecate, and eventually remove,
member functions of
in favor of new template partial specializations which will only
declare
,
, and only exist when
is true
.
We would like guidance on whether other read-modify-write operations
should be maintained with implementation-defined semantics. Specifically,
,
,
,
/
(for integral, pointer, and floating-point), and
/
/
(for integral), can be given useful semantics by an
implementation which wishes to guarantee that particular instructions will be
emitted. This would maintain the status-quo whereby
is a
semi-portable abstraction for hardware, and still allows us to consider
deprecation in the future. Keeping these for now is the conservative option.
The same guidance would apply to atomic free function overloads.
3.6.6. volatile
parameters and returns
Marking parameters as
makes sense to denote external modification
through signals or
/
. In that sense it’s similar to
-qualified parameters: it has clear semantics whithin the function’s
implementation. However, it leaks function implementation information to the
caller. It also has no semantics when it comes to calling convention because it
is explicitly ignored (and must therefore have the same semantics as a
non-
declaration). It’s much simpler to have the desirable behavior
above by copying a non-
parameter to an automatic stack variable
marked
. A compiler could, if stack passing is required by the ABI,
make no copy at all in this case.
return values are pure nonsense. Is register return disallowed? What
does it mean for return value optimization? A caller is better off declaring a
automatic stack variable and assigning the function return to it, and
the caller will be none the wiser.
Similarly,
return values are actively harmful. Both cv-qualifiers
already have no effect when returning non-class types, and
-qualified
class return types are harmful because they inhibit move semantics.
We propose to deprecate, and eventually remove, non-reference and non-pointer
parameters and return values. That is,
at the outermost
level of the parameter type specification. We also propose to deprecate, and
eventually remove,
-qualified return types.
4. The Slow Regard of Syntactic Things
This paper is for all the slightly broken features out there.
is one of you. You are not alone. You are all beautiful to me.
volatile — The Slow Regard of Syntactic Things in the style of [SRST]
This proposal tries to balance real-world usage, real-world breakage, frequent
gotchas, and overly chatty features which aren’t actually used. The author
thinks it strikes the right balance, but may be wrong.
may be better
suited with slower deprecation.
might be one for direct removal
instead of deprecation.
might prefer causing diagnostics.
could even consider full deprecation and replacement with
/
free functions.
might not suit aggregate types,
maybe it should only be allowed on scalars.
It is important that
dare be entirely itself, be wild enough to
change itself while somehow staying altogether true, lest we end up with The
Silent Regard of Slow Things. Annex C should be updated, WG14 should be
consulted.
5. The Doors of Stone
This section will hold future work, wording, etc. It will be published based on Committee feedback, when it is ready. The author wants to give the Committee a perfectly worded paper. They deserve it.
Here are items which could be discussed in the future:
-
statements are implementation-defined. Many compilers also supportasm
statements, which are also implementation-defined and not in scope for this paper.asm volatile -
Standardize a library-like replacement for
load / store, such asvolatile
/peek
.poke
6. Acknowledgements
Early drafts were reviewed by the C++ Committee’s Direction Group, Thomas Rodgers, Arthur O’Dwyer, John McCall, Mike Smith, John Regehr, Herb Sutter, Shafik Yaghmour, Hans Boehm, Richard Smith, Will Deacon, Paul McKenney. Thank you for in-depth feedback, and apologies if I mistakenly transcribed your feedback.
Patrick Rothfuss, for writing amazing books. May he take as much time as needed to ensure forward progress of book 3.
7. Examples
Here are dubious uses of
.
struct foo { int a : 4 ; int b : 2 ; }; volatile foo f ; // Which instructions get generated? Does this touch the bytes more than once? f . a = 3 ;
struct foo { volatile int a : 4 ; int b : 2 ; }; foo f ; f . b = 1 ; // Can this touch a?
union foo { char c ; int i ; }; volatile foo f ; // Must this touch sizeof(int) bytes? Or just sizeof(char) bytes? f . c = 42 ;
volatile int i ; // Can each of these touch the bytes only once? i += 42 ; ++ i ;
volatile int i , j , k ; // Does this reload j before storing to i? i = j = k ;
struct big { int arr [ 32 ]; }; volatile _Atomic struct big ba ; struct big b2 ; // Can this tear? ba = b2 ;
int what ( volatile std :: atomic < int > * atom ) { int expected = 42 ; // Can this touch the bytes more than once? atom -> compare_exchange_strong ( expected , 0xdead ); return expected ; }
void what_does_the_caller_care ( volatile int );
volatile int nonsense ( void );
struct retme { int i , j ; }; volatile struct retme silly ( void );
struct device { unsigned reg ; device () : reg ( 0xc0ffee ) {} ~ device () { reg = 0xdeadbeef ; } }; volatile device dev ; // Initialization and destruction aren’t volatile.


CCTV Captures Supervisor Clobbering Female Employee After Being Fired [VIDEO]
by Emmanuel GithukuCCTV footage emerged showing a male, reported to be a supervisor at a supermarket, unleashing his wrath out on a female cashier after he was allegedly fired.
The video was posted online by Kajiado ODM politician Lydia Ngaira on Friday, November 22 but had been recorded on Tuesday, November 19.
She claimed that he was taking out in anger on the female colleague because he had been fired.
After a few blows, she tried holding the assailant's hand, a move that seemed to have enraged him even more.
At this point, the helpless cashier tried hiding below her work station but the attacker dragged her from under the desk by her collar.
He then dragged her towards an open space at the supermarket.
Another male colleague decided to intervene and hold back the aggressor who seemed extremely enraged as he tried to manoeuvre out of the man's arms.
The politician who shared the video called for the arrest of the assailant, claiming that nothing warranted how the woman was treated.
The incident is said to have been recorded at Eastmatt Supermarket Kajiado branch according to a correspondent who spoke to Kenyans.co.ke.
At the time of publishing this article, the supermarket had not released a statement on the issue and our efforts to reach it for comments were fruitless.
UPDATE: Reports reaching our news desk indicate that the man had been arrested after the incident but the woman opted not to press charges and they were both back to work on Friday, November 22.
Below is the Video:


HackNC is the perfect potluck -- each person has something to bring to the table. Whether you arrive with years of experience and a perfectly puffy souffle, or with three days of experience and slightly burnt cookies, HackNC welcomes you. Here, we believe that diversity, in all its forms, makes for a more interesting and worthwhile experience. You will be provided with not only the resources you need to develop your ideas, but also a rich, dynamic environment in which to collaborate with others on them.
Taking advantage of that richness is as much a part of HackNC as the coding is. Talks and workshops, led by sponsors and mentors, fling open the doors to both new technology and new people. Recruiters from companies across the country provide valuable feedback and broaden horizons. Simply being at HackNC means you will be teaching and learning from those there with you, trying things and stepping out of your comfort zone -- developing, in all senses of the word.
Ultimately, HackNC is more than a hackathon. We are a vibrant community, in which differences in experience inform creation. What can you do with the power of a community? Perhaps a better question would be, what can't you do?


Parking info for @@clientName@@, @@period@@
Invoice for @@clientName@@, @@period@@
Number {{invoice.number}}
{{car}}
Park start time
Park end time
Cost
{{info.start}}
{{info.end}}
{{info.cost}} $
Show invoice
Month fee
{{invoice.monthFee}} $
Reduction
-{{invoice.reduction}} $
Total
{{invoice.total}} $


{% extends "base.html" %} {% import "bootstrap/wtf.html" as wtf %} {% import "_macros.html" as macros %} {% block title %}Xiaopengu{% endblock %} {% block page_content %}


Online Tuition System
Sing In
Sing Up
Get Connected Easily
A common platform for tutors and students.


#include <array_ops.h>
Reverses specific dimensions of a tensor.
NOTE tf.reverse
has now changed behavior in preparation for 1.0. tf.reverse_v2
is currently an alias that will be deprecated before TF 1.0.
Given a tensor
, and a int32
tensor axis
representing the set of dimensions of tensor
to reverse. This operation reverses each dimension i
for which there exists j
s.t. axis[j] == i
.
tensor
can have up to 8 dimensions. The number of dimensions specified in axis
may be 0 or more entries. If an index is specified more than once, a InvalidArgument error is raised.
For example:
# tensor 't' is [[[[ 0, 1, 2, 3], # [ 4, 5, 6, 7], # [ 8, 9, 10, 11]], # [[12, 13, 14, 15], # [16, 17, 18, 19], # [20, 21, 22, 23]]]] # tensor 't' shape is [1, 2, 3, 4]
# 'dims' is [3] or 'dims' is [-1] reverse(t, dims) ==> [[[[ 3, 2, 1, 0], [ 7, 6, 5, 4], [ 11, 10, 9, 8]], [[15, 14, 13, 12], [19, 18, 17, 16], [23, 22, 21, 20]]]]
# 'dims' is '[1]' (or 'dims' is '[-3]') reverse(t, dims) ==> [[[[12, 13, 14, 15], [16, 17, 18, 19], [20, 21, 22, 23] [[ 0, 1, 2, 3], [ 4, 5, 6, 7], [ 8, 9, 10, 11]]]]
# 'dims' is '[2]' (or 'dims' is '[-2]') reverse(t, dims) ==> [[[[8, 9, 10, 11], [4, 5, 6, 7], [0, 1, 2, 3]] [[20, 21, 22, 23], [16, 17, 18, 19], [12, 13, 14, 15]]]]
Arguments:
[-rank(tensor), rank(tensor))
.Returns:
Output
: The same shape as tensor
.
Constructors and Destructors |
|
|---|---|
Reverse(const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::Input tensor, ::tensorflow::Input axis)
|
Public attributes |
|
|---|---|
operation
|
|
output
|
Public functions |
|
|---|---|
node() const
|
::tensorflow::Node *
|
operator::tensorflow::Input() const
|
|
operator::tensorflow::Output() const
|
|
Operation operation
::tensorflow::Output output
Reverse( const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::Input tensor, ::tensorflow::Input axis )
::tensorflow::Node * node() const
operator::tensorflow::Input() const
operator::tensorflow::Output() const


 Having played ping pong competitively for 8+ years, I have encountered hundreds of people who are as enthusiastic about ping pong as I am. There are those who enjoy playing for a good exercise. These are those who play because their family members, friends, or even co-workers play. There are even those who want to dominate in the sport and compete in official tournaments.
Hi, my name is Tim and I want to be your ping pong trainer. I want to help those of all ages who are at a BEGINNER level because of three reasons:
1. I want to give you an opportunity to get better in the sport
Many people play ping pong, but do not realize there are individuals like myself who can help enhance their skills.
2. I want you to live a better and happier life
Ping pong is a fantastic sport for the body and mind!
3. I want to grow the sport
Ping Pong is growing more and more popular. Let's keep that going!
2011 US Nationals Standing Finalist
2010 US Open Standing Finalist
Obtained 20+ Rating Title Events in the Washington Metro Area
Top Coaches in the USA (2500+)
Chinese National Team Members
Chinese Province Team Members
* Market Research *
* Content Creation *
* Lead Generation *
* Business Development *
* Cold Calling *
* Strategic Planning *
* Delivering Sales Pitches *
* Relationship Building *


HOME
The Workbench
Introduction:
What is needed to build an electronics lab?
Work Area:
- A strong table
- Power strip
Electro-static Discharge (ESD) Protection:
- ESD floor mat & bench top mat
Instrumentation:
- Multimeter
- Adjustable Bench Top Power-Supply
- Function, Signal, Generator
- Oscilloscope
Soldering Tools & Supplies:
- Soldering station
- Hot air gun / Heat gun
- Solder wire
- Solder wick
- Solder paste
- Flux
Experimenting Supplies:
- Breadboards
- 22-gauge solid core wire kit
- Heat shrink tubing kit
- Through-hole Resistor kit
- Through-hole ceramic capacitor kit
- Through-hole electrolytic capacitor kit
- A selection of LED’s
Hand Tools:
- Dial or digital Caliper
- Bent needle nose pliers
- Pliers
- Vice grips
- PCB vice
- Fine Point Tweezers
- Small Flashlight
- Eye Loupe
- Hobby Knife
- Wire Cutter
- Wire stripper
- Screwdriver set
Safety Equipment:
- Fire extinguisher
- Safety glasses
- Eye wash station or solution
- Latex/nitrile gloves
Cleaning Supplies:
- Cotton swabs
- Lint-free wipes
- High purity Alcohol (99%)
Nice to Haves:
- Work Light
- Reflow Oven
References:
- FreeLists.org -- a general mail list
- WordPress.com -- Everyone should a blog/shared folder of projects/design ideas
- Mediawiki.org -- a shared user changable web site for non-HTML authors.
Revised: Wednesday, January 08, 2020 at 04:03:54 AM (EST)


◆ __init__()
| def collision_detector.CollisionDetector.__init__ |
( |
|
self | ) |
|
◆ sync_callback()
| def collision_detector.CollisionDetector.sync_callback |
( |
|
self, |
|
|
|
cmd, |
|
|
|
odom |
|
) |
| |
◆ coll_pub
| collision_detector.CollisionDetector.coll_pub |
◆ delta_max
| collision_detector.CollisionDetector.delta_max |
◆ over_counter
| collision_detector.CollisionDetector.over_counter |
◆ tag_counter
| collision_detector.CollisionDetector.tag_counter |
◆ tag_vx
| collision_detector.CollisionDetector.tag_vx |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


Click the button below to see a Pop-Message using JQUERY
When you click the button popups will appear 7 times.
Click the button to change the Background Color.


{% extends 'email/email_base.html' %} {% block content %}
|
Welcome to the {{ universal.BUSINESS_NAME }} email list!
We’ll keep you updated on our latest news from now on. But why just read when you can contribute? Please join our community on your favorite platforms and help shape the future of the decentralized sharing economy. Are you a developer? We’re actively developing our demo DApp and protocol specification on Github and welcome good pull requests. We use Discord for our team collaboration and we welcome you to join us there. You can also find us on Facebook and Twitter. To learn more about our project, our product brief and whitepaper are a great place to start. Looking forward to getting to know you over the coming weeks and months! Thanks, The {{ universal.BUSINESS_NAME }} team |


#Book
Create you own school
Want to check out the school you are in click below!!
Want to check your shcool


Welcome to my website! You'll find a bunch of information about me and the things I enjoy doing, as well as a list of my achievements and experience working and volunteering. I'm an engineering student with a passion for programming and design, and I'm currently looking for a co-op position for the upcoming fall term. I made this website to expand my javascript, HTML, and jquery; I hope you enjoy it!
- Pursuing Bachelor of Applied Science in Electrical Engineering - Ranked 23/155 for 1A academic term - Active member of two student design teams - Scored 100% in fundamentals of programming class (C++)
- Class valedictorian - Earned best in class for Programming 12 (Ruby, Java) while in 11th grade - Founded two clubs and participated in many others - Played for varsity soccer and rugby team
- Named 1 of 85 Horatio Alger National Scholars for academic excellence and overcoming adversity - Earned uWaterloo's President's Scholarship of Distinction for +95% entrance avg. - Won Richard and Elizabeth Madter's Entrance Scholarship for participation in extracurricular activities
Real time online multiplayer only; uses a nodejs server and web sockets to quickly transmit game data to all clients. Client-side game programmed using HTML canvas and Javascript. Still in progress! Most of the backend is done, the game mechanics just need to be fleshed out
GithubPlatformer programmed in android studio using Java; implements a real-time database to keep track of the worldwide high score and reports it to every user. Available on the Google Playstore
GithubThe website you're currently browsing! I learned a lot about design in the process and used CSS, HTML, Javascript, and JQuery to bring this to life. It took a few weeks and quite a bit of trial and error to get every detail working; hopefully you're enjoying it!
GithubThis is the first app I've ever worked on; basically it works as a tracker for your daily macronutrients that can be fine tuned by a doctor. I created this with the help of a few students at a hackathon and learned a lot about to use android studio.
GithubA chrome extension that reduces the image load time on websites your browser visits by sending them to an external server before they're loaded. The server would then lower the image resolution for a faster browsing experience. I learned a lot more about node.js and some javascript functions while working on this!
Github- Greatly increased efficiency by introducing automated system to parse and assign service requests within IT team - Reduced cost of external IT consultants by automating service request assignment - Worked on advertising project for marketing team using JavaScript, HTML, and CSS
- Helped participants complete projects by sharing technical knowledge on various programming languages and frameworks - Organized games/ice-breakers to give out prizes to contestants
- Designing dashboard that graphically displays various statistics and updates in real-time based on output from the hyperloop pod's sensors - Built and helped design circuits to help power and control different components of the car


This paragraph should be in a blue block near the top of the page. Around it on all sides should be purple.


The comprehensive guide on how to get hired in a call center.
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Learn the strategy that allows you to never worry about finding a job for the rest of your life.


Aaron and I met in the fall of 2013 during my first quarter at Western Washington University. My first quarter of Computer Science was difficult and I needed extra help so Aaron offered to tutor me. We ended up spending most days after school together and we got to know each other really well. After that first fall quarter we made our relationship official.
December 8th, 2013
One evening in the spring quarter of 2015 I was sitting in class after a long and tiring day, when Aaron sent a text asking if I wanted to go for a drive. Of course I did, so after my class Aaron picked me up at school and we drove to Deception Pass. As we drove Aaron talked about how it was a special place for him. He pointed out spots as we drove that reminded him of his childhood and, eventually we made it to the beach. We sat down on a piece of driftwood and talked for a little bit until Aaron casually mentioned that my engagement ring had been finished earlier that day. In that instant tears started flowing from my face. Aaron got down on one knee and pulled out the ring. He finally asked if I would marry him and I of course said yes. After I cleaned the tears from my face we took a walk down the beach as the sun set.
April 29th, 2015
Now we are planning our wedding and our future together.
March 4th, 2017
Find more information about our story and share pictures you may have of us at the social media links below.
If you use Twitter or Instagram please use #AaronAndKara2017
Our WedPics wedding id is AaronAndKara2017
If you have received your save the date and you already know you will be attending, or not, please use the R.S.V.P form below.
The password to access the R.S.V.P can be found on your save the date.
We are registered at Amazon, Target, and Macy's. However, on our Target registry you will find items from other retailers as well. Remember if you purchase one of those items to go back to the Target registry and mark it as purchased.


-- Macbeth(3.1.91)
As Macbeth says quite early in the play, there are many different types of men. When he reprimands the murderers for replying that they are men, he tells them that even dogs have varying kinds, that there are fast dogs, clever dogs, and hunting dogs. Perhaps the play, instead of saying that Macbeth's version of manhood is true, or Macduff's version is true, is instead saying that there are many kinds of men, and there might not be a way to summarize what all of them have in common.
Men like Macbeth may be fearless and ruthless, while men like Macduff may be courageous but emotional. Not one definition is true, but one definition is true to each man, depending on who he is. Macbeth's atrocious behaviours, then, cannot be completely blamed on society forcing his definition of man to be the kind of man that kills Duncan, Banquo, and Macduff's family. No, Macbeth decides his own definition of a man, just as Macduff and other characters in the play have done. Yes, this definition is of course shaped by society, the witches, and Lady Macbeth, but he has the most say in what determines the exact definition that he chooses to follow. Therefore his actions are instead caused by Macbeth deluding himself and seeing himself as the kind of man that will kill Duncan, and eventually leading him to do the action himself.


|
Polycode
|
A Bezier curve. More...
Inherits PolyBase.
Public Member Functions | |
| BezierCurve () | |
| Default constructor. | |
| BezierPoint * | getControlPoint (unsigned int index) |
| Returns a control point by index. More... | |
| unsigned int | getNumControlPoints () |
| Returns the total number of control points in the curve. More... | |
| void | addControlPoint (Number p1x, Number p1y, Number p1z, Number p2x, Number p2y, Number p2z, Number p3x, Number p3y, Number p3z) |
| void | addControlPoint3dWithHandles (Number p1x, Number p1y, Number p1z, Number p2x, Number p2y, Number p2z, Number p3x, Number p3y, Number p3z) |
| Adds a new control point to the curve after the last point. More... | |
| void | addControlPoint3d (Number x, Number y, Number z) |
| Adds a new control point to the curve with handles in the same place as the middle points. More... | |
| void | addControlPoint2dWithHandles (Number p1x, Number p1y, Number p2x, Number p2y, Number p3x, Number p3y) |
| Adds a new control point to the curve after the last point using 2d coordinates. More... | |
| void | addControlPoint2d (Number x, Number y) |
| Adds a new control point to the curve with handles in the same place as the middle points using 2d coordinates.The Z value of the coordinates is set to 0. More... | |
| Number | getHeightAt (Number a) |
| Returns the height of the curve at a specified point on the curve. More... | |
| Vector3 | getPointAt (Number a) |
| Returns the 3d point of the curve at a specified point on the curve. More... | |
| Vector3 | getPointBetween (Number a, BezierPoint *bp1, BezierPoint *bp2) |
| Returns the 3d point of the curve at a specified point between two points. More... | |
| void | rebuildBuffers () |
| Rebuilds the height cache buffers for 2d height curves. | |
| void | removePoint (BezierPoint *point) |
| Removes (and deletes!) a gives point by pointer. | |
A Bezier curve.
This class can be used to draw smooth curves or move things smoothly on curves. It's also used internally for skeletal animation. The curves are 3-dimensional, but convenience methods are added for 2d curves and there is a caching mechanism for 2d height data to speed up bezier curve usage in animation.
A bezier curve consists of control points, each having 3 points: one middle point and two 'handles'. The middle point is the actual position of the control point and the two side points serve as vectors defining how the curve curves towards the next control points.
| void BezierCurve::addControlPoint | ( | Number | p1x, |
| Number | p1y, | ||
| Number | p1z, | ||
| Number | p2x, | ||
| Number | p2y, | ||
| Number | p2z, | ||
| Number | p3x, | ||
| Number | p3y, | ||
| Number | p3z | ||
| ) |
| void BezierCurve::addControlPoint2d | ( | Number | x, |
| Number | y | ||
| ) |
Adds a new control point to the curve with handles in the same place as the middle points using 2d coordinates.The Z value of the coordinates is set to 0.
| x | X position of the point and both handles. |
| y | Y position of the point and both handles. |
| void BezierCurve::addControlPoint2dWithHandles | ( | Number | p1x, |
| Number | p1y, | ||
| Number | p2x, | ||
| Number | p2y, | ||
| Number | p3x, | ||
| Number | p3y | ||
| ) |
Adds a new control point to the curve after the last point using 2d coordinates.
The Z value of the coordinates is set to 0.
| p1x | X position of the first handle point. |
| p1y | Y position of the first handle point. |
| p2x | X position of the middle point. |
| p2y | Y position of the middle point. |
| p3x | X position of the second handle point. |
| p3y | Y position of the second handle point. |
| void BezierCurve::addControlPoint3d | ( | Number | x, |
| Number | y, | ||
| Number | z | ||
| ) |
Adds a new control point to the curve with handles in the same place as the middle points.
| x | X position of the point and both handles. |
| y | Y position of the point and both handles. |
| z | Z position of the point and both handles. |
| void BezierCurve::addControlPoint3dWithHandles | ( | Number | p1x, |
| Number | p1y, | ||
| Number | p1z, | ||
| Number | p2x, | ||
| Number | p2y, | ||
| Number | p2z, | ||
| Number | p3x, | ||
| Number | p3y, | ||
| Number | p3z | ||
| ) |
Adds a new control point to the curve after the last point.
| p1x | X position of the first handle point. |
| p1y | Y position of the first handle point. |
| p1z | Z position of the first handle point. |
| p2x | X position of the middle point. |
| p2y | Y position of the middle point. |
| p2z | Z position of the middle point. |
| p3x | X position of the second handle point. |
| p3y | Y position of the second handle point. |
| p3z | Z position of the second handle point. |
| BezierPoint * BezierCurve::getControlPoint | ( | unsigned int | index | ) |
Returns a control point by index.
| index | Index of the control point to return. |
| Number BezierCurve::getHeightAt | ( | Number | a | ) |
Returns the height of the curve at a specified point on the curve.
Heights are cached into a buffer with a finite cache precision to speed up the curve usage in animation. If you need to quickly get 2D height out of a curve and you don't care about total precision, use this method.
| a | Normalized (0-1) position along the curve. |
| unsigned int BezierCurve::getNumControlPoints | ( | ) |
Returns the total number of control points in the curve.
| Vector3 BezierCurve::getPointAt | ( | Number | a | ) |
Returns the 3d point of the curve at a specified point on the curve.
| a | Normalized (0-1) position along the curve. |
| Vector3 BezierCurve::getPointBetween | ( | Number | a, |
| BezierPoint * | bp1, | ||
| BezierPoint * | bp2 | ||
| ) |
Returns the 3d point of the curve at a specified point between two points.
| a | Normalized (0-1) position between two points |


Remember Who Your Husband Is
My husband is a noble man in Christ Jesus, complete in Him, which is the
head of all principality and power: he is crucified with Christ:
nevertheless he lives, yet not him, but Christ liveth in him: and the life
which he now lives in the flesh, he lives by faith in the Son of God, who
loved him, and gave Himself for him. He willingly and generously offers
himself unto God and in service to those He has given him. God's gentleness
has made him great and He has redeemed him and made him safe and secure.
With the love that he has received, he is able to come with tender mercies
and call me into a conversation so he can consider my troubles and know my
soul in adversity. He can lead me into God's throne room so that He can
clothe me with His grace in the time of need and reconnect us to Himself,
one another, and to our noble calling. My husband lives with me in
understanding because he has the mind of Christ and the heart of the father
living in him by the Spirit. When we are in one accord we can put 10,000 to
flight. God has made him to be fervent in spirit, mighty in the scriptures,
and noble in character. He desires to order his conversation aright and see
the salvation of the Lord.


Ezra 10:26
And of the sons of Elam; Mattaniah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, and Abdi, and Jeremoth, and Eliah.


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All about Naruto
Introduction
Naruto Uzumaki is a shinobi of Konohagakure
and a descendant of the Uzumaki clan. He became the jinchūriki of the
Nine-Tails on the day of his birth — a fate that caused him to be shunned
by most of Konoha throughout his childhood. After joining Team Kakashi,
Naruto worked hard to gain the village's acknowledgement all the while
chasing his dream to become Hokage.
A little background perhaps
- Naruto was born on the night of October 10th to Minato Namikaze
(the Fourth Hokage) and Kushina Uzumaki (the second jinchūriki of the
Nine-Tails)
- On the day of his enrolment in the Ninja Academy, Naruto first
met Hinata Hyūga, who was being picked on by three bullies.
- In the Academy, Naruto became a student of Iruka Umino, who acted as
a surrogate older brother to keep him in line and help him work harder
- Naruto also met his class-mate Sasuke Uchiha and tried to befriend
him, since he was alone as well.
0l>


Stack
I think I lied when I said the linked list might be my favourite data structure. The ubiquitous stack is something else. Even though its implementation is comparatively straightforward, it has an elegance that never gets old for me.
What's a stack?
A common analogy used to describe a stack data structure is that of a stack of plates. Suppose you have an empty table. Then you put one plate on the table. Then you put a second plate on top of the first plate. Add a few more plates.

 This order of operations is known as "Last In First Out", or "LIFO".
What's the point?
Stacks are really useful data structures. Apart from modelling real-world stacks like plates, you see them crop up in many places, including:
- Programming language stack-based virtual machines, which are used to execute bytecode.
- Program call stacks, which track the operations that are currently being executed as a computer program runs.
- Undo functionality in text editors, browsers and other programs.
Let's have a closer look at the key operations of a stack.
Push and pop
Putting a new element onto the stack is commonly called "pushing" and removing the most recently pushed element from the stack is known as "popping".
The time complexity of these operations will depend on how the stack is implemented. If it's implemented using a dynamic array, then pushing takes amortised constant time; some pushes might require the array to be resized. However, if we implement a stack using a linked list, then we get constant-time pushes and pops. All we need to do is track the top of the stack, which points to the most recently pushed element.
Let's take a look at a linked list-based stack implementation.
The code
We'll use Java's LinkedList to implement the stack. The first two methods return the size of the stack and tell us if it's empty. Then we have a method to push an element onto the stack, a method to look at the top element without removing it and a method to remove the top element. Pretty straightforward.
Key takeaways
That's all for the stack. We've seen that it:
- Has many practical applications.
- Is simple to implement.
- Can have constant-time push, pop and peek operations, depending on the implementation.
We didn't mention any disadvantages. Well, depending on your use-case, a linked list-based stack might not be great. For example, if you need to be able to very quickly access an element in the middle of the stack, it might be better to use an array-based stack, or simply use an array. Searching through a stack takes time.
The next data structure is similar to a stack, but slightly different.


This is the homepage for the Mundelein High School programming club. We provide an environment for MHS students to practice and learn to program. We're newly founded so there'll be more to see here later. (^̮^)
Goal for this Club
Give people a chance to learn and program with others
Projects we are currently doing or will be doing
Some things we'll definitely be working on:
Chrome extensions: MHS issues chromebooks to students, which means our extensions can have a big impact. For example, the school CIPA filter blocks a lot of relevant sites, but visiting a site to find that it's blocked is annoying and time-wasting. We made a chrome extension that lets you know whether a link is blocked or not, and now our lives are bliss.
Processing sketches: For most new members, byte club will be your first time coding, and processing/processing.js is an ideal way to begin as it allows you to write visual programs easily and immediately. You can make cool art, interactive demonstrations, and much more!
There's also a great processing curriculum and editor at Khanacademy.org
Hackathons: These are events where programmers get together and build cool things in a short span of time. Some (unaffiliated) examples of hackathons you could attend are CodeDay or any listed at MLH.
Website building: Even if you don't want to make websites, it's cool to understand how they work. Learning HTML/CSS is a great way to start! Khanacademy.org and Codecademy.org are good beginner tools.
Things we have worked on:
Impossible Game Challenge: We made a fun club project to put our Khanacademy programming skills to use. The club members made mini-challenges that were put together to make one big impossible game.
Graduation seating arranger: Mrs. Billitier asked us to help her out when organizing which graduate sits where for graduation. This program is the start of our help.
Mustang Match Maker: This suurvey of love is Byte Club's most famous creation! We hope you enjoy our prediction of your best Mustang Match.
March Madness: We had an idea to make a programming leaderboard game similar to March Madness, but this is as far as we got.
Membership Criteria. . .
For Any Member:
Do not miss eight consecutive meetings
For Novice Members:
Attend at least half of the available club meetings per term
Term One: Attend at least three meetings
Term Two: Attend at least four meetings
Term Three: Attend at least four meetings
Term Four: Attend at least four meetings
Current 25 Members of Byte Club
Sergio Calderon
Patrick Driscoll
Leah Goldman
Benjamin Grabski
Alan Hinz
Zachary Lechton
Bryan Maya
Justin Mjoen
Angel Montero
Sean Naughton
Alex Nickl
Griffin Ozog
Natalia Ozymko
Victoria Ozymko
Komol Patel
Sahil Patel
Matthew Pawlowski
Dawid Pecherek
Megan Schlebecker
Chris Shannon
Kenny Stepney
Krishna Thakkar
Claudia Uribe Padilla
Steven Van Belleghem
Tyler Weiner
Upcoming Events
Learning links
Some websites to visit to learn to program:
Codecademy Offers great tutorials on Web development (HTML/CSS/JavaScript/JQuery/Ruby/PHP) and Python.
KhanAcademy Great editor for visual javascript programs. Also includes a full suite of videos to teach you how to program.
Bento Includes lots of great links to programming tutorials.
CS50 Harvard intro programming course. Teaches you computer science, languages used include include C, PHP, and JavaScript plus SQL, CSS, and HTML
Udacity Offers a wide variety of Computer Science courses from beginner intro courses to advanced "holy cow we're making a self-driving car" courses. Includes really great introductory programming course on Python, although all of its courses are great.
Cloud9 A cloud-based development environment that integrates with Github. Let's you program on your Chromebook!
Github A code- and version-management platform for your projects.


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Keen interest in service oriented architecture, massive scalability, distributed systems, Search Engines.
Pragmatic & Ambitious
Keen interest in service oriented architecture, massive scalability, distributed systems, Search Engines.
Blog: http://out13.com
Goodreads: 42270834-ernestas-poskus
GitHub: ernestas-poskus
Twitter: @ernestas_poskus
Open sourced over 10+ Golang packages: https://github.com/linkosmos
Learned a lot about Scrum and Agile software development, project management and estimation.
Expanded knowledge about server-architectures, complex SQL queries, server monitoring, deployment strategies, caching methods and scaling.
Bachelor of International Business, International Business
Micro/Macroeconomics
Business Mathematics
Business Psychology
Civil & Commercial Law
Management History and Theory
International Protocol
Financial Accounting
Organizational Structures
Business Statistics
Project Management
Financial Markets and Investments
International Economics and Euro-Integration
Quantitative Analysis of Economics
Financial Management
Quality Management
Communication Management of Organizations
Knowledge Management and Innovations
Fundamental of International Negotiations
Bachelor of Engineering Informatics, Information Technology
Programming: C, C++
Integral & Differential Calculus
Discrete Mathematics
Computer Graphics
Algorithms and Data Structures
Operating Systems
Cloud Networking, 80.0%
Cloud Computing Concepts part 2, 94.3%
Cloud Computing Concepts, 85.4%
Cloud Computing Applications, 93.3%
Programming Languages, Software Engineering, 85.9%
SML, Racket and Ruby


OAuth2 is the industry-standard protocol for authorization. It provides a mechanism for users to grant web and desktop applications access to private information without sharing their username, password and other private credentials.
This tutorial builds an extension that accesses a user's Google contacts using the Google People API and the Chrome Identity API. Because extensions don’t load over HTTPS, can’t perform redirects or set cookies, they rely on the Chrome Identity API to use OAuth2.
Begin by creating a directory and the following starter files.
The full, completed extension can be downloaded here.
Add the manifest by creating a file called manifest.json
and include the following code.
Or download the file
here.
{ "name": "OAuth Tutorial FriendBlock", "version": "1.0", "description": "Uses OAuth to connect to Google's People API and display contacts photos.", "manifest_version": 2, "browser_action": { "default_title": "FriendBlock, friends face's in a block." }, "background": { "scripts": [ "background.js" ], "persistent": false } }
Add the background script by creating a file called background.js
and include the following code.
Or download the file
here.
chrome.browserAction.onClicked.addListener(function() { chrome.tabs.create({url: 'index.html'}); });
Add an HTML file called index.html
and include the following code.
Or download the file
here.
  <title>FriendBlock</title>    <button>FriendBlock Contacts</button>

Package the extension directory into a .zip
file
and upload it to the
Chrome Developer Dashboard
without publishing it:
.zip
extension directory and upload it.
Find the extension under Your Listings
and click on more info.
From the popup,
copy the public key and add it to the manifest inside the unzipped directory
under the "key"
field.
{ "name": "OAuth Tutorial FaceBlcok", ... "key": "ThisKeyIsGoingToBeVeryLong/go8GGC2u3UD9WI3MkmBgyiDPP2OreImEQhPvwpliioUMJmERZK3zPAx72z8MDvGp7Fx7ZlzuZpL4yyp4zXBI+MUhFGoqEh32oYnm4qkS4JpjWva5Ktn4YpAWxd4pSCVs8I4MZms20+yx5OlnlmWQEwQiiIwPPwG1e1jRw0Ak5duPpE3uysVGZXkGhC5FyOFM+oVXwc1kMqrrKnQiMJ3lgh59LjkX4z1cDNX3MomyUMJ+I+DaWC2VdHggB74BNANSd+zkPQeNKg3o7FetlDJya1bk8ofdNBARxHFMBtMXu/ONfCT3Q2kCY9gZDRktmNRiHG/1cXhkIcN1RWrbsCkwIDAQAB" }
Open the Extensions Management page at
chrome://extensions
,
ensure developer mode is enabled
and upload the unpackaged extension directory.
Compare the extension ID on the extensions management page
to the Item ID in the Developer Dashboard.
They should match.
The extension will maintain the same ID by including
the "key"
field in the manifest.
Preserving a single ID is essential for API registration.
Navigate to the Google API console and create a new project. Once ready, select Credentials in the sidebar, click Create credentials and choose OAuth client ID.
On the Create client ID page, select Chrome App. Fill out the name of the extension and place the extension ID at the end of the URL in the Application ID field.
Finish by clicking create. The console will provide an OAuth client ID.
Include the "oauth2"
field in the extension manifest.
Place the generated OAuth client ID under "client_id"
.
Include an empty string in "scopes"
for now.
{ "name": "OAuth Tutorial FriendBlock", ... "oauth2": { "client_id": "yourExtensionOAuthClientIDWillGoHere.apps.googleusercontent.com", "scopes":[""] }, ... }
Register the identity
permission in the manifest.
{ "name": "OAuth Tutorial FaceBlcok", ... "permissions": [ "identity" ], ... }
Create a file to manage the OAuth flow called
oauth.js
and include the following code.
Or download it
here.
window.onload = function() { document.querySelector('button').addEventListener('click', function() { chrome.identity.getAuthToken({interactive: true}, function(token) { console.log(token); }); }); };
Place a script tag for oauth.js
in the head of
index.html
.
...  <title>FriendBlock</title> ...   ...
Reload the extension and click on the browser icon to open
index.html
.
Open the console and click on the "FriendBlock Contacts"
button.
An OAuth token will appear in the console.
Return to the Google API console and select Library from the sidebar. Search for "Google People API", click on the correct result and enable it.
Add the
Google People API
client library to "scopes"
in the extension manifest.
{ "name": "OAuth Tutorial FaceBlcok", ... "oauth2": { "client_id": "yourExtensionOAuthClientIDWillGoHere.apps.googleusercontent.com", "scopes": [ "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/contacts.readonly" ] }, ... }
Return to the Google API console and navigate back to credentials. Click "Create credentials" and select "API key" from the dropdown.
Keep the generated API key for later use.
Now that the extension has proper permissions, credentials,
and can authorize a Google user,
it can request data through the People API.
Update the code in oauth.js
to match below.
window.onload = function() { document.querySelector('button').addEventListener('click', function() { chrome.identity.getAuthToken({interactive: true}, function(token) { let init = { method: 'GET', async: true, headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer ' + token, 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, 'contentType': 'json' }; fetch( 'https://people.googleapis.com/v1/contactGroups/all?maxMembers=20&key=<API_Key_Here>', init) .then((response) => response.json()) .then(function(data) { console.log(data) }); }); }); };
Replace <API_Key_Here>
with the API key
generated from the Google API console.
The extension should log a JSON object
that includes an array of people/account_id
s
under the memberResourceNames
field.
Now that the extension is returning a list of the user's contacts,
it can make additional requests to
retrieve those contact's profiles and information
.
The extension will use the memberResourceNames
to retrieve the photo information of user contacts.
Update oauth.js
to include the following code.
window.onload = function() { document.querySelector('button').addEventListener('click', function() { chrome.identity.getAuthToken({interactive: true}, function(token) { let init = { method: 'GET', async: true, headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer ' + token, 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, 'contentType': 'json' }; fetch( 'https://people.googleapis.com/v1/contactGroups/all?maxMembers=20&key=<API_Key_Here>', init) .then((response) => response.json()) .then(function(data) { let photoDiv = document.querySelector('#friendDiv'); let returnedContacts = data.memberResourceNames; for (let i = 0; i < returnedContacts.length; i++) { fetch( 'https://people.googleapis.com/v1/' + returnedContacts[i] + '?personFields=photos&key=<API_Key_Here>', init) .then((response) => response.json()) .then(function(data) { let profileImg = document.createElement('img'); profileImg.src = data.photos[0].url; photoDiv.appendChild(profileImg); }); }; }); }); }); };
Reload and return to the extension. Click the FriendBlock button and ta-da! Enjoy contact's faces in a block.


--- layout: post title: Chuck is Back this January! categories: [] tags: - chuck - geek - tv - video status: publish type: post published: true meta: _original_post_id: '' _original_import_author: John Duprey author: ---
[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rQGCR1lZEY?wmode=transparent]


tarbell.io
{{ version }}
Configuration
Blueprints
Projects
Projects path
Google account
Google credentials
View Credentials
Default S3 buckets
Name
Bucket Name
{% for key, value in config.default_s3_buckets.iteritems() %}
{% endfor %}
Save Configuration
Install Blueprint
Name
URL
{% for item in config.project_templates %}
{{ item.name }}
{% if item.url %}
{{ item.url }}
{% else %}
N/A
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
Install Project
Directory
Title
{% for project in project_list %}
{{ project.directory }}
{{ project.title }}
{% endfor %}
New Project
...
Run Project:
Address
...
Generate Project:
Output Path
...
No
Yes
Publish Project:
Bucket
Sample
...
New Project
danger will robinson
Short Directory Name
Full Title
Blueprint
Create a Google spreadsheet
Use a full email address, such as<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Separate multiple addresses with commas.
...
danger will robinson
Context
Spreadsheet
Publishing
Full Title
Context Source File
Use this data file for the template context. CSV, XLS, and XSLX files are supported. The value may use a relative path, an absolute path, or a remote (http) URL.
Google Spreadsheet Key
Speadsheet Cache
How long to cache spreadsheet values, in seconds
Create JSON
Preview and publish spreadsheet as
data.json
Excludes
A list of files to exclude from publication such as "*.txt" or "img/mockup.psd". Separate with items commas.
S3 Buckets


Budget: $4500
Select Setting
In this step you can add the basic information of setting related to subcampaign you were promoting.
Select your Preferd Subcampaign
Content Review Priority
User Label Types
Device Types
Category Types
Country Types
Language Types
Operating System Types
Connection Types
Content Providing
In this step you can send content of subcampaign related to campaigns you were promoting.
Select your Preferd Subcampaign
Content Delivery Type
Content Template No.
Date Time
date_range
Content Header
next_week
Content Holding
next_week
Content Subtitle


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| AndroidHttpClientFactory |
Factory for AndroidHttpClient instances
|
| ApiJsonOperationCallback |
Callback used after a custom Api invocation is executed using JSON
|
| ApiOperationCallback<E> |
Callback used after a custom Api invocation is executed
|
| NextServiceFilterCallback |
Callback used to chain service filters
|
| ServiceFilter |
The service filter can be used to manipulate requests and responses in the
HTTP pipeline used by the MobileServiceClient.
|
| ServiceFilterRequest |
Represents an HTTP request that can be manipulated by ServiceFilters
|
| ServiceFilterResponse |
Represents an HTTP response that can be manipulated by ServiceFilters
|
| ServiceFilterResponseCallback |
Callback to invoke after processing the ServiceFilters and executing the
request
|
| TableDeleteCallback |
Callback to invoke after executing a delete operation
|
| TableJsonOperationCallback |
Callback used after a TableOperation is executed using JSON
|
| TableJsonQueryCallback |
Callback used after a query is executed using JSON
|
| TableOperationCallback<E> |
Callback used after a TableOperation is executed
|
| TableQueryCallback<E> |
Callback used after a query is executed
|
| UserAuthenticationCallback |
Callback for the user authentication process
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AndroidHttpClientFactoryImpl |
Default implementation for AndroidHttpClientFactory
|
| BuildConfig | |
| MobileServiceApplication |
Provides context regarding the application that is using the Mobile Service.
|
| MobileServiceClient |
Entry-point for Windows Azure Mobile Services interactions
|
| MobileServiceJsonTable |
Represents a Mobile Service Table
|
| MobileServiceQuery<E> |
Class that represents a query to a table, where E is the callback class to
use when executing the query
|
| MobileServiceQueryOperations |
Class used to create query operations
|
| MobileServiceTable<E> |
Represents a Mobile Service Table
|
| MobileServiceUser |
Mobile Service authenticated user
|
| ServiceFilterResponseImpl |
ServiceFilterResponse implementation
|
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| MobileServiceAuthenticationProvider |
Authentication providers to use with a Mobile Service
|
| MobileServiceSystemProperty |
The available System Properties in Mobile Service
|
| QueryOrder |
Sort order values
|
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| MobileServiceException | |
| MobileServicePreconditionFailedException | |
| MobileServicePreconditionFailedExceptionBase |


Hello! I'm Haidar
The Co-Founder and Chief of Magic in Impact Byte
Let's discuss our interests or solve your problems related to living and work enhancement, people and technology development, software and product engineering; also more you can find and need
I live in this world to help people integrate and optimize their various action, potential, knowledge, and insight so that humanity can grow and thrive within the right ecosystem for the greater good


Time Sale watches was founded in 2016 by Rogelio Cumpas, with the mission to sell serious timepieces with quality, durability and eye-catching iconic designs in mind. Each Padron Watch is hand made with 316L surgical-grade stainless steel and sapphire crystal, using only the highest grade watch movements.
Located in Baguio City,Philippines each Time Sale watches is originally designed and engineered, using no common components apart from the movements. They are hand built, individually regulated for accurate timekeeping, and then packed and shipped from here.


EntityCollection
public struct EntityCollection<T> where T : Hashable
An observable collection of Entity
instances where each entity has a
unique id.
-
Implemented by subclasses to initialize a new object (the receiver) immediately after memory for it has been allocated.
Declaration
Swift
init()
-
Creates a new instance with the specified sequence of the generic type.
Declaration
Swift
init<S>(_ sequence: S) where T == S.Element, S : Sequence
Parameters
sequence
The sequence to use for the new instance.
-
Creates a new instance with the specified sequence of the generic type.
Declaration
Swift
init<S>(_ sequence: S) where S : Sequence, S.Element == (key: T, value: Any)
Parameters
sequence
The sequence to use for the new instance.
-
A collection containing the values of the
EntityCollection
.Declaration
Swift
public var values: [T] { get }
-
Adds an element to the contents of EntityCollection.
Declaration
Swift
public mutating func add(value: Any? = nil, forKey key: T)
Parameters
value
The object to store in the contents of EntityCollection.
key
The key with which to associate the value.
-
A textual representation of this instance.
Declaration
Swift
public var description: String { get }
-
A textual representation of this instance, suitable for debugging.
Declaration
Swift
public var debugDescription: String { get }
-
Creates a new instance with the specified array literal.
Declaration
Swift
public init(arrayLiteral elements: T...)
Parameters
elements
Elements to be stored in a EntityCollection.
-
Creates a new instance with the specified dictionary literal.
Declaration
Swift
public init(dictionaryLiteral elements: (T, Any)...)
Parameters
elements
Elements to be stored in a EntityCollection.
-
Type to mean instance of AnyIterator.
Declaration
Swift
public typealias Iterator = AnyIterator<(element: T, value: Any)>
-
Returns an iterator over the elements of the collection.
Declaration
Swift
public func makeIterator() -> Iterator
Return Value
Advances to the next element and returns it, or
nil
if no next element exists.
-
Type to mean instance of DictionaryIndex.
Declaration
Swift
public typealias Index = EntityCollectionIndex<T>
-
The position of the first element in a nonempty dictionary.
Declaration
Swift
public var startIndex: Index { get }
-
The dictionary’s “past the end” position—that is, the position one greater than the last valid subscript argument.
Declaration
Swift
public var endIndex: Index { get }


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New Half-Life game to be unveiled this week
by Staff WriterValve has revealed its first new Half-Life game in 12 years.
The announcement came in a tweet from the publisher yesterday, which unveiled the title of the game – Half Life: Alyx.
The company said that the game would be a flagship VR title and would be officially revealed on 21 November.
The last game released under the Half-Life name was 2007’s Half Life 2: Episode Two.
Although it is not clear whether Half-Life: Alyx will follow on from that story, its title implies that it could focus on Alyx Vance, a prominent ally to Gordon Freeman, who was the main protagonist of the previous Half-Life titles.
A leak of a Game Awards interview suggested that Half-Life: Alyx would be a VR-only game that will be showcased at The Game Awards on 12 December and could be ready for launch in March 2020.
VR appeal
Virtual reality might not be enjoying widespread popularity, but a Half-Life VR title could make sense for Valve.
The company offers a VR headset of its own, the Valve Index, and including a renowned title like Half-Life in Steam’s VR game library could persuade some PC gamers to purchase the Index VR kit.


Mr Key tries to avoid ranting here at Hooting Yard. If he started, he might never stop. But something got his goat today, belatedly and unexpectedly, so bear with him please.
And so we are about to enter the new Dark Ages. Things are bad enough already, in Papworld, ruled by airheads for airheads. Now we enter the Era of Pap and Darkness. A dim society gets dimmer, in more ways than one.
I read about the new criminal status of the 100W light bulb a while ago, but only now have I summoned my rage. This is what happens. Relentless idiocy begets inertia even in those of us who still cling helplessly and hopelessly to the Raft of Sense.
Well, I shall blunder about, in the gloom, half-blind, calling down imprecations upon the filament-bulb-hating nitwits. But eventually I will start shouting “Bring me my blubber candles! Forward to the Dark Ages! Give me dimly-lit pap or give me death!” And I shall be a good citizen at last, and be given my badge.