pymatgen.analysis.gb.gb module¶
-
class
GBGenerator
(initial_structure, symprec=0.1, angle_tolerance=1)[source]¶ Bases:
object
This class is to generate grain boundaries (GBs) from bulk conventional cell (fcc, bcc can from the primitive cell), and works for Cubic, Tetragonal, Orthorhombic, Rhombohedral, and Hexagonal systems. It generate GBs from given parameters, which includes GB plane, rotation axis, rotation angle.
This class works for any general GB, including both twist and tilt GBs. The three parameters, rotation axis, GB plane and rotation angle, are sufficient to identify one unique GB. While sometimes, users may not be able to tell what exactly rotation angle is but prefer to use sigma as an parameter, this class also provides the function that is able to return all possible rotation angles for a specific sigma value. The same sigma value (with rotation axis fixed) can correspond to multiple rotation angles. Users can use structure matcher in pymatgen to get rid of the redundant structures.
- initial_structure (Structure): Initial input structure. It can
- be conventional or primitive cell (primitive cell works for bcc and fcc). For fcc and bcc, using conventional cell can lead to a non-primitive grain boundary structure. This code supplies Cubic, Tetragonal, Orthorhombic, Rhombohedral, and Hexagonal systems.
- symprec (float): Tolerance for symmetry finding. Defaults to 0.1 (the value used
- in Materials Project), which is for structures with slight deviations from their proper atomic positions (e.g., structures relaxed with electronic structure codes). A smaller value of 0.01 is often used for properly refined structures with atoms in the proper symmetry coordinates. User should make sure the symmetry is what you want.
angle_tolerance (float): Angle tolerance for symmetry finding.
-
static
enum_sigma_cubic
(cutoff, r_axis)[source]¶ Find all possible sigma values and corresponding rotation angles within a sigma value cutoff with known rotation axis in cubic system. The algorithm for this code is from reference, Acta Cryst, A40,108(1984) :param cutoff: the cutoff of sigma values. :type cutoff: integer :param r_axis: the rotation axis of the grain boundary, with the format of [u,v,w]. :type r_axis: list of three integers, e.g. u, v, w
Returns: dictionary with keys as the possible integer sigma values and values as list of the possible rotation angles to the corresponding sigma values. e.g. the format as {sigma1: [angle11,angle12,…], sigma2: [angle21, angle22,…],…} Note: the angles are the rotation angles of one grain respect to the other grain. When generate the microstructures of the grain boundary using these angles, you need to analyze the symmetry of the structure. Different angles may result in equivalent microstructures. Return type: sigmas (dict)
-
static
enum_sigma_hex
(cutoff, r_axis, c2_a2_ratio)[source]¶ Find all possible sigma values and corresponding rotation angles within a sigma value cutoff with known rotation axis in hexagonal system. The algorithm for this code is from reference, Acta Cryst, A38,550(1982)
Parameters: - cutoff (integer) – the cutoff of sigma values.
- (list of three integers, e.g. u, v, w (r_axis) – or four integers, e.g. u, v, t, w): the rotation axis of the grain boundary.
- c2_a2_ratio (list of two integers, e.g. mu, mv) – mu/mv is the square of the hexagonal axial ratio, which is rational number. If irrational, set c2_a2_ratio = None
Returns: dictionary with keys as the possible integer sigma values and values as list of the possible rotation angles to the corresponding sigma values. e.g. the format as {sigma1: [angle11,angle12,…], sigma2: [angle21, angle22,…],…} Note: the angles are the rotation angle of one grain respect to the other grain. When generate the microstructure of the grain boundary using these angles, you need to analyze the symmetry of the structure. Different angles may result in equivalent microstructures.
Return type: sigmas (dict)
-
static
enum_sigma_ort
(cutoff, r_axis, c2_b2_a2_ratio)[source]¶ Find all possible sigma values and corresponding rotation angles within a sigma value cutoff with known rotation axis in orthorhombic system. The algorithm for this code is from reference, Scipta Metallurgica 27, 291(1992)
Parameters: - cutoff (integer) – the cutoff of sigma values.
- r_axis (list of three integers, e.g. u, v, w) – the rotation axis of the grain boundary, with the format of [u,v,w].
- c2_b2_a2_ratio (list of three integers, e.g. mu,lamda, mv) – mu:lam:mv is the square of the orthorhombic axial ratio with rational numbers. If irrational for one axis, set it to None. e.g. mu:lam:mv = c2,None,a2, means b2 is irrational.
Returns: dictionary with keys as the possible integer sigma values and values as list of the possible rotation angles to the corresponding sigma values. e.g. the format as {sigma1: [angle11,angle12,…], sigma2: [angle21, angle22,…],…} Note: the angles are the rotation angle of one grain respect to the other grain. When generate the microstructure of the grain boundary using these angles, you need to analyze the symmetry of the structure. Different angles may result in equivalent microstructures.
Return type: sigmas (dict)
-
static
enum_sigma_rho
(cutoff, r_axis, ratio_alpha)[source]¶ Find all possible sigma values and corresponding rotation angles within a sigma value cutoff with known rotation axis in rhombohedral system. The algorithm for this code is from reference, Acta Cryst, A45,505(1989).
Parameters: - cutoff (integer) – the cutoff of sigma values.
- (list of three integers, e.g. u, v, w (r_axis) – or four integers, e.g. u, v, t, w): the rotation axis of the grain boundary, with the format of [u,v,w] or Weber indices [u, v, t, w].
- ratio_alpha (list of two integers, e.g. mu, mv) – mu/mv is the ratio of (1+2*cos(alpha))/cos(alpha) with rational number. If irrational, set ratio_alpha = None.
Returns: dictionary with keys as the possible integer sigma values and values as list of the possible rotation angles to the corresponding sigma values. e.g. the format as {sigma1: [angle11,angle12,…], sigma2: [angle21, angle22,…],…} Note: the angles are the rotation angle of one grain respect to the other grain. When generate the microstructure of the grain boundary using these angles, you need to analyze the symmetry of the structure. Different angles may result in equivalent microstructures.
Return type: sigmas (dict)
-
static
enum_sigma_tet
(cutoff, r_axis, c2_a2_ratio)[source]¶ Find all possible sigma values and corresponding rotation angles within a sigma value cutoff with known rotation axis in tetragonal system. The algorithm for this code is from reference, Acta Cryst, B46,117(1990)
Parameters: - cutoff (integer) – the cutoff of sigma values.
- r_axis (list of three integers, e.g. u, v, w) – the rotation axis of the grain boundary, with the format of [u,v,w].
- c2_a2_ratio (list of two integers, e.g. mu, mv) – mu/mv is the square of the tetragonal axial ratio with rational number. if irrational, set c2_a2_ratio = None
Returns: dictionary with keys as the possible integer sigma values and values as list of the possible rotation angles to the corresponding sigma values. e.g. the format as {sigma1: [angle11,angle12,…], sigma2: [angle21, angle22,…],…} Note: the angles are the rotation angle of one grain respect to the other grain. When generate the microstructure of the grain boundary using these angles, you need to analyze the symmetry of the structure. Different angles may result in equivalent microstructures.
Return type: sigmas (dict)
-
gb_from_parameters
(rotation_axis, rotation_angle, expand_times=4, vacuum_thickness=0.0, ab_shift=[0, 0], normal=False, ratio=None, plane=None, max_search=50, tol_coi=0.001)[source]¶ Parameters: - rotation_axis (list) – Rotation axis of GB in the form of a list of integer e.g.: [1, 1, 0]
- rotation_angle (float, in unit of degree) – rotation angle used to generate GB. Make sure the angle is accurate enough. You can use the enum* functions in this class to extract the accurate angle. e.g.: The rotation angle of sigma 3 twist GB with the rotation axis [1, 1, 1] and GB plane (1, 1, 1) can be 60.000000000 degree. If you do not know the rotation angle, but know the sigma value, we have provide the function get_rotation_angle_from_sigma which is able to return all the rotation angles of sigma value you provided.
- expand_times (int) – The multiple times used to expand one unit grain to larger grain. This is used to tune the grain length of GB to warrant that the two GBs in one cell do not interact with each other. Default set to 4.
- vacuum_thickness (float, in angstrom) –
- The thickness of vacuum that you want to insert
- between two grains of the GB. Default to 0.
ab_shift (list of float, in unit of a, b vectors of Gb): in plane shift of two grains
- normal (logic):
- determine if need to require the c axis of top grain (first transformation matrix) perperdicular to the surface or not. default to false.
- ratio (list of integers):
- lattice axial ratio. For cubic system, ratio is not needed. For tetragonal system, ratio = [mu, mv], list of two integers, that is, mu/mv = c2/a2. If it is irrational, set it to none. For orthorhombic system, ratio = [mu, lam, mv], list of three integers, that is, mu:lam:mv = c2:b2:a2. If irrational for one axis, set it to None. e.g. mu:lam:mv = c2,None,a2, means b2 is irrational. For rhombohedral system, ratio = [mu, mv], list of two integers, that is, mu/mv is the ratio of (1+2*cos(alpha))/cos(alpha). If irrational, set it to None. For hexagonal system, ratio = [mu, mv], list of two integers, that is, mu/mv = c2/a2. If it is irrational, set it to none. This code also supplies a class method to generate the ratio from the structure (get_ratio). User can also make their own approximation and input the ratio directly.
- plane (list): Grain boundary plane in the form of a list of integers
- e.g.: [1, 2, 3]. If none, we set it as twist GB. The plane will be perpendicular to the rotation axis.
- max_search (int): max search for the GB lattice vectors that give the smallest GB
- lattice. If normal is true, also max search the GB c vector that perpendicular to the plane. For complex GB, if you want to speed up, you can reduce this value. But too small of this value may lead to error.
- tol_coi (float): tolerance to find the coincidence sites. When making approximations to
- the ratio needed to generate the GB, you probably need to increase this tolerance to obtain the correct number of coincidence sites. To check the number of coincidence sites are correct or not, you can compare the generated Gb object’s sigma with enum* sigma values (what user expected by input).
Returns: Grain boundary structure (structure object).
-
get_ratio
(max_denominator=5, index_none=None)[source]¶ find the axial ratio needed for GB generator input. :param max_denominator: the maximum denominator for
the computed ratio, default to be 5.Parameters: index_none (int) – specify the irrational axis. 0-a, 1-b, 2-c. Only may be needed for orthorombic system. Returns: axial ratio needed for GB generator (list of integers).
-
static
get_rotation_angle_from_sigma
(sigma, r_axis, lat_type=’C’, ratio=None)[source]¶ Find all possible rotation angle for the given sigma value.
Parameters: - sigma (integer) – sigma value provided
- (list of three integers, e.g. u, v, w (r_axis) – or four integers, e.g. u, v, t, w for hex/rho system only): the rotation axis of the grain boundary.
- lat_type (one character) –
- ‘c’ or ‘C’: cubic system
- ’t’ or ‘T’: tetragonal system ‘o’ or ‘O’: orthorhombic system ‘h’ or ‘H’: hexagonal system ‘r’ or ‘R’: rhombohedral system default to cubic system
- ratio (list of integers) – lattice axial ratio. For cubic system, ratio is not needed. For tetragonal system, ratio = [mu, mv], list of two integers, that is, mu/mv = c2/a2. If it is irrational, set it to none. For orthorhombic system, ratio = [mu, lam, mv], list of three integers, that is, mu:lam:mv = c2:b2:a2. If irrational for one axis, set it to None. e.g. mu:lam:mv = c2,None,a2, means b2 is irrational. For rhombohedral system, ratio = [mu, mv], list of two integers, that is, mu/mv is the ratio of (1+2*cos(alpha)/cos(alpha). If irrational, set it to None. For hexagonal system, ratio = [mu, mv], list of two integers, that is, mu/mv = c2/a2. If it is irrational, set it to none.
Returns: rotation_angles corresponding to the provided sigma value. If the sigma value is not correct, return the rotation angle corresponding to the correct possible sigma value right smaller than the wrong sigma value provided.
-
static
get_trans_mat
(r_axis, angle, normal=False, trans_cry=array([[1., 0., 0.], [0., 1., 0.], [0., 0., 1.]]), lat_type=’c’, ratio=None, surface=None, max_search=50)[source]¶ Find the two transformation matrix for each grain from given rotation axis, GB plane, rotation angle and corresponding ratio (see explanation for ratio below). The structure of each grain can be obtained by applying the corresponding transformation matrix to the conventional cell. The algorithm for this code is from reference, Acta Cryst, A32,783(1976).
Parameters: - (list of three integers, e.g. u, v, w (r_axis) – or four integers, e.g. u, v, t, w for hex/rho system only): the rotation axis of the grain boundary.
- angle (float, in unit of degree) – the rotation angle of the grain boundary
- normal (logic) – determine if need to require the c axis of one grain associated with the first transformation matrix perperdicular to the surface or not. default to false.
- trans_cry (3 by 3 array) – if the structure given are primitive cell in cubic system, e.g. bcc or fcc system, trans_cry is the transformation matrix from its conventional cell to the primitive cell.
- lat_type (one character) –
- ‘c’ or ‘C’: cubic system
- ’t’ or ‘T’: tetragonal system ‘o’ or ‘O’: orthorhombic system ‘h’ or ‘H’: hexagonal system ‘r’ or ‘R’: rhombohedral system default to cubic system
- ratio (list of integers) – lattice axial ratio. For cubic system, ratio is not needed. For tetragonal system, ratio = [mu, mv], list of two integers, that is, mu/mv = c2/a2. If it is irrational, set it to none. For orthorhombic system, ratio = [mu, lam, mv], list of three integers, that is, mu:lam:mv = c2:b2:a2. If irrational for one axis, set it to None. e.g. mu:lam:mv = c2,None,a2, means b2 is irrational. For rhombohedral system, ratio = [mu, mv], list of two integers, that is, mu/mv is the ratio of (1+2*cos(alpha)/cos(alpha). If irrational, set it to None. For hexagonal system, ratio = [mu, mv], list of two integers, that is, mu/mv = c2/a2. If it is irrational, set it to none.
- (list of three integers, e.g. h, k, l (surface) – or four integers, e.g. h, k, i, l for hex/rho system only): the miller index of grain boundary plane, with the format of [h,k,l] if surface is not given, the default is perpendicular to r_axis, which is a twist grain boundary.
- max_search (int) – max search for the GB lattice vectors that give the smallest GB lattice. If normal is true, also max search the GB c vector that perpendicular to the plane.
Returns: The transformation array for one grain. t2 (3 by 3 integer array):
The transformation array for the other grain
Return type: t1 (3 by 3 integer array)
-
static
reduce_mat
(mat, mag)[source]¶ Reduce integer array mat’s determinant mag times by linear combination of its row vectors
Parameters: - mat (3 by 3 array) – input matrix
- mag (integer) – reduce times for the determinant
Returns: the reduced integer array
-
static
slab_from_csl
(csl, surface, normal, trans_cry, max_search=50)[source]¶ By linear operation of csl lattice vectors to get the best corresponding slab lattice. That is the area of a,b vectors (within the surface plane) is the smallest, the c vector first, has shortest length perpendicular to surface [h,k,l], second, has shortest length itself.
Parameters: - csl (3 by 3 integer array) – input csl lattice.
- surface (list of three integers, e.g. h, k, l) – the miller index of the surface, with the format of [h,k,l]
- normal (logic) – determine if the c vector needs to perpendicular to surface
- trans_cry (3 by 3 array) – transform matrix from crystal system to orthogonal system
- max_search (int) – max search for the GB lattice vectors that give the smallest GB lattice. If normal is true, also max search the GB c vector that perpendicular to the plane.
Returns: a slab lattice ( 3 by 3 integer array):
Return type: t_matrix
-
class
Gb
(lattice, species, coords, rotation_axis, rotation_angle, gb_plane, init_cell, vacuum_thickness, ab_shift, site_properties, oriented_unit_cell, validate_proximity=False, coords_are_cartesian=False)[source]¶ Bases:
pymatgen.core.structure.Structure
Subclass of Structure representing a Gb. Implements additional attributes pertaining to gbs, but the init method does not actually implement any algorithm that creates a gb. This is a DUMMY class who’s init method only holds information about the gb. Also has additional methods that returns other information about a gb such as sigma value.
Note that all Gbs have the gb surface normal oriented in the c-direction. This means the lattice vectors a and b are in the gb surface plane (at
least for one grain) and the c vector is out of the surface plane (though not necessary perpendicular to the surface.)Makes a Gb structure, a structure object with additional information and methods pertaining to gbs.
Parameters: - lattice (Lattice/3x3 array) – The lattice, either as a
pymatgen.core.lattice.Lattice
or simply as any 2D array. Each row should correspond to a lattice vector. E.g., [[10,0,0], [20,10,0], [0,0,30]] specifies a lattice with lattice vectors [10,0,0], [20,10,0] and [0,0,30]. - species ([Specie]) –
Sequence of species on each site. Can take in flexible input, including:
- A sequence of element / specie specified either as string symbols, e.g. [“Li”, “Fe2+”, “P”, …] or atomic numbers, e.g., (3, 56, …) or actual Element or Specie objects.
- List of dict of elements/species and occupancies, e.g., [{“Fe” : 0.5, “Mn”:0.5}, …]. This allows the setup of disordered structures.
- coords (Nx3 array) – list of fractional/cartesian coordinates of each species.
- rotation_axis (list) – Rotation axis of GB in the form of a list of integers, e.g. [1, 1, 0].
- rotation_angle (float, in unit of degree) – rotation angle of GB.
- gb_plane (list) – Grain boundary plane in the form of a list of integers e.g.: [1, 2, 3].
- init_cell (Structure) – initial bulk structure to form the GB.
- site_properties (dict) – Properties associated with the sites as a dict of sequences, The sequences have to be the same length as the atomic species and fractional_coords. For Gb, you should have the ‘grain_label’ properties to classify the sites as ‘top’, ‘bottom’, ‘top_incident’, or ‘bottom_incident’.
- vacuum_thickness (float in angstrom) – The thickness of vacuum inserted between two grains of the GB.
- ab_shift (list of float, in unit of crystal vector a, b) – The relative shift along a, b vectors.
- oriented_unit_cell (Structure) – oriented unit cell of the bulk init_cell. Help to accurate calculate the bulk properties that are consistent with Gb calculations.
- validate_proximity (bool) – Whether to check if there are sites that are less than 0.01 Ang apart. Defaults to False.
- coords_are_cartesian (bool) – Set to True if you are providing coordinates in cartesian coordinates. Defaults to False.
-
bottom_grain
¶ return the bottom grain (Structure) of the GB.
-
coincidents
¶ return the a list of coincident sites.
-
copy
()[source]¶ Convenience method to get a copy of the structure, with options to add site properties.
Returns: A copy of the Structure, with optionally new site_properties and optionally sanitized.
-
get_sorted_structure
(key=None, reverse=False)[source]¶ Get a sorted copy of the structure. The parameters have the same meaning as in list.sort. By default, sites are sorted by the electronegativity of the species. Note that Slab has to override this because of the different __init__ args. :param key: Specifies a function of one argument that is used to extract
a comparison key from each list element: key=str.lower. The default value is None (compare the elements directly).Parameters: reverse (bool) – If set to True, then the list elements are sorted as if each comparison were reversed.
-
sigma
¶ This method returns the sigma value of the Gb.
-
top_grain
¶ return the top grain (Structure) of the GB.
- lattice (Lattice/3x3 array) – The lattice, either as a
-
factors
(n)[source]¶ Compute the factors of a integer. :param n: the input integer
Returns: a set of integers that are the factors of the input integer.
-
fix_pbc
(structure, matrix=None)[source]¶ Set all frac_coords of the input structure within [0,1].
Parameters: - structure (pymatgen structure object) – input structure
- matrix (lattice matrix, 3 by 3 array/matrix) – new structure’s lattice matrix, if none, use input structure’s matrix
Returns: new structure with fixed frac_coords and lattice matrix


Benefits to the Digital Marketplace from GOV.UK PaaS
The service
The Digital Marketplace is a publicly accessible and searchable database of services offered under a number of government frameworks, including G-Cloud and Digital Outcomes and Specialists. It is aimed at government departments seeking to procure cloud computing services and specialist services for digital projects.
Scope of this case study
Migrating to the GOV.UK PaaS has unlocked numerous benefits to the Digital Marketplace team. Deploying new software versions can now be done with zero downtime.
The PaaS infrastructure is more flexible and scalable, allowing the Digital Marketplace service to respond to high demand more readily. Prototyping and experimentation is also easier on the PaaS. Furthermore, the abstraction of infrastructure maintenance from the Digital Marketplace team reduces the risk of downtime in the case of specialist knowledge of the custom infrastructure being unavailable internally.
1. Faster deployments
Moving the Digital Marketplace to the PaaS has allowed the team to deploy new versions of the software more easily and with zero downtime . The previous custom Amazon Web Services (AWS) infrastructure was more complex and deployments consequently took much longer to complete. Deployments are now roughly six times faster now that the app is hosted on the PaaS, taking only 5 minutes instead of 30 minutes. Data from the Digital Marketplace team indicates there are approximately 380 deployments per year, resulting in a saving of over 150 hours of deployment time.
Easier prototyping
The PaaS infrastructure allows for rapid deployment of branch environments, allowing for easy prototyping and experimentation with new features. Previously to the creation of the GOV.UK PaaS, some prototyping for the Digital Marketplace had been hosted on the free tier of the Heroku commercial PaaS, which is slower and more limited than the GOV.UK PaaS free tier. This allows for smoother delivery of new features and incremental improvements to the application.
2. More features and backing services
The GOV.UK PaaS has a number of useful and important backing services already in place. The Digital Marketplace team was able to improve logging using the Cloudwatch integration already in place on the PaaS. The PaaS also supports private environments which assist with troubleshooting and debugging. It is also able to scale up rapidly in case of increased demand.
3. Reduced risk
The custom AWS infrastructure on which the Digital Marketplace was previously hosted had been developed over time by a number of different developers. The Digital Marketplace team uses full-stack developers rather than using specialist web operations engineers and front-end developers.
Natural staff turnover meant that the developers who had been involved in building the custom infrastructure have moved on from the team. The custom infrastructure was relatively mature, so required little day-to-day effort from the full-stack developers. This led to a risk of downtime in the case of an incident as the current development team could potentially be lacking in familiarity with the system.
Migrating to the GOV.UK PaaS reduces this risk, as the PaaS team is dedicated to maintaining the system and has a 24 hour support arrangement in place.


Chapter 9 Causality
9.1 General
Instrumental variables
propensity score matching
http://causalinference.gitlab.io/icwsm-tutorial/
http://causalinference.gitlab.io/dowhy/do_why_simple_example.html
9.2 Causality edX
Draw a complete DAG if your expert knowledge is insufficient to exclude any possible effect. Knowledge is expressed in the form of missing arrows.
Causal Markov Condition: If two vars share a cause this cause is also on the graph.
An association exists b/w A & Y if having info on A on average better allows us to predict Y.
An association for a -> y exists if the proportion of individuals with y is different given having or not having a.
A -> B -> Y: B is a mediator which blocks the association b/w A & Y when conditioning on it even though A is causal for Y.
Systematic bias: Any assoication between A & Y not causes by an effect of A on Y.
Bias due to a common cause is called confounding. We expect an association b/w two items with a commong cause.
a <- t -> y: t is a commong cause which blocks the association from a to y when conditioned upon.
Common effects ( a -> y <- b) don’t cause an association but common causes ( a <- y -> b) do.
For a -> y <- b, y is called a collider. It blocks association between a and b.
Selection bias: Conditioning on a collider introduces an association between its causes.
Bias stems from The existence of a shared cause of treatment and outcome and conditioning on a common effect of treatment and outcome. (Also conditioning on a mediator.)
Associations: 1) Cause & effect, 2) Common causes, 3) Conditioning on a common effect
Bias introduced by association by chance can be removed by increasing the sample size.
A (parent) -> B (descendant)
D(irectionally)-separation rules: Determine whether paths (which don’t need to follow arrows) are blocked or open.
D-separation rules:
If there are no variables being conditioned on, a path is blocked iff two arrows on the path collide at some variable on the path.
Any path with a non-collider that has been conditioned on is blocked.
A collider that has been conditioned on doesn’t block the path.
A collider with a descendant that has been conditioned on doesn’t block the path.
The summary of these D-separation rules is that a path is blocked if, and only if, it contains a non-collider that has been conditioned on, or a collider that has not been conditioned on and has no descendant that had been conditioned on.
Two variables are d-separated if all paths between then are blocked
And two variables are marginally or unconditionally independent if they are D-separated without conditioning on all the variables. On the other hand, we say that two variables are conditionally independent, even a set variables L, if they are D-separated after conditioning on the variables L.
Faithfulness: Causal effects in opposite directions that cancel out, i.e a certain medication causes diseases in some people and prevents it in others. Rare.
All paths are blocked variables are not associated.
back door path: a path connecting A and Y without using arrows that leave from A. eg. Given L → A → Y ← L, the path A - L - Y is a back door path.
back door path criterion: We can identify the causal effect of A on Y if we have enough data to block all back door paths between them
confounder: A variable that, possibly with other variables, can block back door paths between treatment and outcome.
Change in estimate definition of confounder: A var is a confounder of the effect of a on y if adjusting for it alters the association between a and y
Conventional definition of confounder: L is a confounder of the effect of a on y if L meets 3 conditions: L is associated with a, L is associated with y conditional on a, L is not on a causal pathway from a to y.
surrogate confounder: a descendant of a cofounder.
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cofounding if absolute but cofounder is relative to other variables.
If you can’t randomize then you have to rely on observational data. Methods: 1) Measure enough variables to block all backdoor paths between A & Y, 2) Alternatives to blocking back door paths (instrumental variable estimation) Here’s are a few options for 1):
Stratification (adjust for confounding): A way to adjust for a variable by only looking at a subset of it, for example only looking at people who smoke instead of all people. An alternative is to use regression to look at the effects in each subset and then pool the estimates.
Matching (adjust for confounding): Randomly match someone with a & b to ~a & b and a & ~b to ~a & ~b. Then see if there is an associating in the match subset.
G-methods: The following three methods should be used when time-varying confounders are affected by prior treatment.
Inverse Probability Weighting (adjust for confounding): Compute 1/p(a = 1 | b) and 1/p(a = 0 | b), and use these as weights in the association computation. Eliminates backdoor.
Standardization (G-formula)
G-estimation
All these confounding adjustment methods require knowledge of the true causal DAG since you need to know which paths to block.
Randomization, when possible, is the preferred approach to eliminating confounding.
Selection bias under the null is called collider stratification bias. One way it occurs is by conditioning on a collider or the child of a collider.
Case-control study: Outcome based selection design
Selection bias can occur due to eligibility criteria and loss to follow-up. The latter can occur from causes that have significance in the causal graph.
Internal validity: We say that a study has internal validity when the estimated association has a causal interpretation in the study population. That is, there is no selection bias, there is no confounding, et cetera.
External validity: We say that a study has external validity when the estimated association has a causal interpretation in another population. That is, we can transport or generalize the estimated effect to other populations.
In randomized trials, self-selection bias does not affect internal validity, but may affect external validity.
Bias under the null due to self-selection at baseline can happen in a follow up study.
Smart selection, adjustment for selection bias
Use inverse probability weighting to control for the four selection bias dags discussed: {insert dags here}
Competing events
Measurement error: True value isn’t equal to measured value.
Measurement bias: When the measure of association between a and y (measured treatment & outcome values) differs from that of a and y.
Types of measurement error:
Type 1, independent non-differential. Type 2, dependent non-differential. Type 3, independent differential. Type 4, dependent differential.
Independent non-differential error is the only type of measurement error that does not create bias under the null.
information bias
Statistical models and validation samples can be used to correct measurement error.
We can’t correctly choose methods of measurement error correction without considering the structure of the measurement error.
A causal DAG can’t eliminate bias due to confounding. A causal DAG can improve precision. A causal DAG can’t improve external validity. A causal DAG can represent sources of bias.
Time-varying treatments
treatment-confounder feedback: In its presence most methods are biased. Use G Methods.
The difference method: Run regression with E[M|A,C] which has the term beta_1 times a and E[Y|A,M,C] with the terms theta_1 times a & theta_2 times m. The direct effect is theta_1 and the indirect effect is beta_1 times theta_1.
9.2.1 Causality Coursera
The fundamental problem of causal inference: We can only observe one potential outcome for each person.
Causal effect: E(y^1) - E(y^0)


Here you can find list of digital products.
Click on any porduct to get list of its subproduct details.


HTML
The basics of what you need to know about HTML for building emails.
Tags: These are the building blocks of HTML. They live inside brackets and are almost always in opening/closing pairings.
Attributes: These belong to tags. Some are universal across all tags, some are shared across different tags, and some are unique to particular tags.
Elements that we use

Outside wrapper for the table, used for structure.
See: https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_table.asp
Attributes that we use:
- border: Width of the border we want around the box. Usually set to 0 to hide it.
- cellspacing: Spacing between different cells.
- cellpadding: Spacing between cell walls and the things inside of it.
- width: Sets width of the table.
- style
- class

These are rows within the table element, once again used for structure.
See: https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_tr.asp
Attributes that we use:
none!

Similar to a cell in Excel, these are the blocks used inside of rows.
See: https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_td.asp.
Attributes that we use:
- valign: vertical alignment similar to align.
- height: used to set a minimum height on elements. Typically used to provide padding around things.
- align: similar to text align in word, aligns content in a cell.
- width: How wide element should be. Defaults to pixel value.
- style
- class

This is an anchor tag. 99% of the time you use it for links.
See: https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_a.asp
Attributes that we use:
- href: This is where you put the link you want to send people off to.
- target: use _blank if you want the link to open up in a new window/tab.
- style
- class

This is the image tag. Notice it doesn't have pair with a closing tag as nothing goes "inside" the block. You can include the blackslash at the end or not. See: https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_img.asp
Attributes we use:
- src: link for where the image lives.
- alt: this is the text that shows up if the image isn't downloaded. It's meant to describe what's in the image.
- width: Width of the image. Please crop the image to the same size you want it to show up otherwise you can run into rendering issues.
- style
- class

This is an HTML Comment that the html rendering engine ignores. People can still read them if they go into the code. See: https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_comment.asp
No attributes supported.

Paragraph Tag. This is where the text goes. See: https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_p.asp
Attributes that we use:
- style
- class

Break tag. It's like the enter key on your keyboard. Use it twice to get a space between paragraphs in your text block! See: https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_br.asp
No attributes supported.

Span tag. This is a way to introduce formatting to a chunk of text that doesn't have a predefined use (not a link, etc). See: https://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_span.asp
Attributes that we use:
- style
- class
Universal Attributes
Style: This is referred to as inline CSS, which overwrites anything that is defined before it in the style cascade. This is necessary because not all email clients support Stylesheets or style definitions in the header, and is one of the painful legacy bits left in email design.
Class: These are styles defined in groups in CSS that can be applied to multiple tags.
Basic Visual Example
Here is our pomegranate, because we're all about fancy fruit.

This is the white filling This is a seed, this is more white filling and These are larger red seeds.

Here we've got Ian's pomegrante. The fruit inherits some visual traits from being a fruit but also has some specific attributes to itself. Note that the pomegrante has to be closed or the seeds and filling will fall out.
Attributes on the pomegranate:
Id: Unique identifier for this particular element, I can only choose one favourite fruit.
class: visual definitions that are brought in to the fruit from outside of it. Has to be defined somewhere.
style: style for this particular element, could also be stored in a class. Ex. we could make a Pomegranate class that had these two definitions and then add it to the classes.
Layout Example
Think of this as a table as you'd put it into Word! We have a table that's 550 pixels wide with three rows. The first row has two blocks that are both 25 pixels high. This is to give some spacing above the images so the text doesn't get too close. The second row has two cells, each with an image inside of it. The third row has two more elements that are 25 pixels high to give space below the element as well.


This is just some crappy test page, it doesn't have a purpose.
This is just some crappy test page, it doesn't have a purpose.
Try adding some querystring parameters: /test/?foo=bar, /test/?foo=&key=value
| Key | Value |
|---|---|
| foo | {{params.$query.foo}} |
| key | {{params.$query.key}} |


Tofu is heatlhy for you. You can eat it as a main dish or as dessert. Specially tofu fa, you can drink it in milk tea as a substitude for boba.
Lavander black milk tea from Boba Guys is a must try because what is life without boba.
Matcha latte is one of the best drinks out there. If you like green tea, you will definetely love matcha, according to sources, this fine powder contains 137 times more antioxidants than regular green tea.


d3 = Data Driven Documents
Use existing representations - HTML and SVG
No new representation
Construct DOM from data
Yes!
<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<svg width="960" height="500">
<circle cx="480" cy="250" r="200" fill="steelblue">
</circle>
</svg>
Slides can be nested inside of other slides,
try pressing down.
Press down or up to navigate.
Cornify
That's it, time to go back up.
Press ESC to enter the slide overview!
Try it out! You can swipe through the slides pinch your way to the overview.
You can select from different transitions, like:
Set data-state="something"
on a slide and "something"
will be added as a class to the document element when the slide is open.
Additionally custom events can be triggered on a per slide basis by binding to the data-state
name.
Reveal.addEventListener( 'customevent', function() {
console.log( '"customevent" has fired' );
} );
These guys come in two forms, inline:
The nice thing about standards is that there are so many to choose from
and block:
For years there has been a theory that millions of monkeys typing at random on millions of typewriters would reproduce the entire works of Shakespeare. The Internet has proven this theory to be untrue.
function linkify( selector ) {
if( supports3DTransforms ) {
var nodes = document.querySelectorAll( selector );
for( var i = 0, len = nodes.length; i < len; i++ ) {
var node = nodes[i];
if( !node.className ) ) {
node.className += ' roll';
}
};
}
}
Courtesy of highlight.js.
You can link between slides internally,
like this.
Hit the next arrow...
... to step through ...
any type


Reproducibility is the name of the game¶
There are two basic reasons to make your research reproducible. The first is to show evidence of the correctness of your results. The second one is to enable others to make use of our methods and results. So to achieve it we need to recognize that:
- A well-defined standard project structure means that a newcomer can begin to understand an analysis without having to look into an extensive documentation.
- It also means that you do not necessarily have to read 100% of the code before you know where to look for very specific things.
- A well-organized code tends to self-document, since the organization itself provides the context for its code without too much overhead.
- Your team collaborates more easily with you on this analysis
- Learn yourself from your analysis about the research process
- Feel more confident in the conclusions of the project
You will get what you put: Provenance¶
The term “data provenance” refers to a record that explains the origin of a piece of data (in a database, document or repository) along with an explanation of how and why it arrived at the current location. Trading quants need the provenance like the trees the sunlight.
Example: In an application like quantitative strategies, a lot of data is derived from public databases or brokers, which in turn might be derived from papers but after some clearing and transformations (only the most significant data are put into the public database), which are derived from data markets. A good provenance record will keep the whole history for each piece of data. Here are some questions we have learned to ask with a sense of existential fear:
- Are we supposed to go in and join the feature column X to the data before we get started (raw data) or did that come from one of our notebooks?
- Come to think of it, which notebook do we have to run first before running the plotting code: was it “process data” or “clean data”?
- Where did the shapefiles get downloaded from for the price plots?
- Etceter, etcetera, …
These types of questions are painful and are symptoms of a disorganized, foolish project. A good project structure encourages practices that make it easier to come back to old work. You should make sure tha it is clear on how you came to certain conclusions. Just because something makes sense to you, it is not clear that it does for others (yourself next month). When making claims based on your analysis, you must link them to the data on which you base them. This is to ensure that you or others who read your work can easily follow the steps you took from the data to the conclusions. Having a complete context makes it easy to understand the work process and relate to it by reproducing it.
Another benefit is that all raw data remains available to you and, if you wish, for others, to access and consult. This helps transparency and, again, makes it easier for others to understand your workflow.


Colin Blackburn, Mark Carroll & Josh Moore
omero import path/to/image -- --transfer=ln_rm
omero import path/to/image -- --transfer=ln_rm
omero import --advanced-help --transfer=ARG File transfer method General options: upload # Default upload_rm # Caution! Upload followed by source deletion. some.class.Name # Use a class on the CLASSPATH. Server-side options: cp # Use local copy command. cp_rm # Caution! Copy followed by source deletion. ln # Use hard-link. ln_rm # Caution! Hard-link followed by source deletion. ln_s # Use soft-link. e.g. omero import -- --transfer=ln_s foo.tiff ./importer-cli --transfer=ln bar.tiff
omero import -- --transfer=my.new.Transfer foo.tiff
omero import --advanced-help File exclusion: --------------- --exclude=filename Exclude files based on filename. --exclude=clientpath Exclude files based on the original path. e.g. omero import -- --exclude=filename foo.tiff # First-time imports omero import -- --exclude=filename foo.tiff # Second-time skips
omero import -- --exclude=my.new.Exclusion foo.tiff
omero import --help -d DATASET_ID OMERO dataset ID to import image into -r SCREEN_ID OMERO screen ID to import plate into
omero import --help -d DATASET_ID OMERO dataset ID to import image into -r SCREEN_ID OMERO screen ID to import plate into -T TARGET, --target TARGET OMERO target specification
omero import FILE -T <action or Class>[:<discriminator>]:<pattern>
# use the Dataset with id=2 omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T Dataset:id:2 # use the Dataset with id=2, here the discriminator is implicit omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T Dataset:2 # both of these are equivalent to the legacy target '-d' omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -d 2
The same syntax applies to Screen & id
# use the Dataset named 'Sample01' as the target omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T Dataset:name:Sample01 # implied use of the name as a target omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T Dataset:Sample01
This will import the image into the Dataset named 'Sample01'.
If no Dataset exists with that name a new one will be created.
The same syntax applies to Screen & name
# use the most recent Dataset named 'Samples' omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T Dataset:+name:Samples # use the oldest Dataset named 'Samples' omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T Dataset:-name:Samples # use the Dataset named 'Samples' only if it is unique omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T Dataset:%name:Samples # create a new Dataset named 'Samples' even if one already exists omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T Dataset:@name:Samples
The same syntax applies to Screen & name
omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T "regex:name:^.*images/(?<Container1>.*?)" # use the Dataset named 'dv', the most name is implicit omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T "regex:^.*images/(?<Container1>.*?)"
This will import the image into the Dataset called 'dv', resolved by <Container1>.
If no Dataset exists with that name a new one will be created.
The same syntax applies to Screen & name
# use the most recent Dataset named 'dv' omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T "regex:+name:^.*images/(?<Container1>.*?)" # use the oldest Dataset named 'dv' omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T "regex:-name:^.*images/(?<Container1>.*?)" # use the Dataset named 'dv' only if it is unique omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T "regex:%name:^.*images/(?<Container1>.*?)" # create a new Dataset named 'dv' even if one already exists omero import ~/images/dv/SMN10ul03_R3D_D3D.dv -T "regex:@name:^.*images/(?<Container1>.*?)"
Given a series of plates in the following directories
~/images/bd-pathway/week-1/2015-12-01_000/ ~/images/bd-pathway/week-2/2015-12-09_000/ ~/images/bd-pathway/week-2/2015-12-11_000/
then
omero import ~/images/bd-pathway/ -T "regex:+name:^.*bd-pathway/(?<Container1>[^/]*)/.*"
will resolve to using two Screens 'week-1' and 'week-2' for the import targets.
omero import foo.tiff --target=my.new.Target
bin/omero login -u john --sudo jane Password for jane: Created session f49d2...65250 (john@...). Current group: skyelab bin/omero import ~/Images/dv/IAGFP-Noc01_R3D.dv Using session f49d2...65250 (john@...). Current group: skyelab ... ==> Summary 2 files uploaded, 1 fileset created, 1 image imported, 0 errors in 0:00:21.602
/OMERO/DropBox/amy /emily /edgar /root /petr /zak
<properties id="DropBox"> ... <property name="omero.fs.importArgs" value="--transfer=ln_rm --target="regex:name:^.*DropBox/.*/(?<Container1>.*?)""/> </properties>
/Users/colin/var/omero/DropBox/user-0/Dataset01 /Dataset02
cp dv/IAGFP-Noc01_R3D.* ~/var/omero/DropBox/user-0/Dataset01/ cp dv/IAGFP-Noc01_R3D.* ~/var/omero/DropBox/user-0/Dataset02/ cp dv/CFPNEAT01_R3D.* ~/var/omero/DropBox/user-0/Dataset02/


Constructor
new CommandClient(prefixopt, optionsopt)
Class constructor
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
prefix |
string |
<optional> |
'!' | Prefix for commands. |
options |
ClientOptions |
<optional> |
{} | Options to be passed to the Client. |
Extends
- Client
Members
commandNotAllowedMessage :string
Message displayed when usage doesn't have enough privileges to run command.
Type:
- string
enableHelp :boolean
Set if the help is enabled
Type:
- boolean
prefix :string
Prefix of the command
Type:
- string
Methods
editCommandData(command, callback, optionsopt)
Edit command datas (callback, and options, if specified)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
command |
string | The command to edit | ||
callback |
CommandCallback | The new callback function | ||
options |
CommandOptions |
<optional> |
{} | The options to edit (if an existing option isn't set, its value will be unchanged) |
editCommandOptions(command, options)
Edit command options
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
command |
string | The command to edit |
options |
CommandOptions | The options to edit (if an existing option isn't set, its value will be unchanged) |
registerCommand(command, callback, optionsopt)
Register a new command
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
command |
string | Command without the prefix | ||
callback |
CommandCallback | Callback function called when the command is triggered | ||
options |
CommandOptions |
<optional> |
{} | Options evaluated when the command is triggered |
unregisterCommand(command)
Unregisters a command if registered
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
command |
string | Command to unregister |


| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
BoxGraphItemClient |
GraphItemCreator.createBox(GraphItemCreator.GraphItemRegistration nrt,
BoxInfoClient info)
Creates a fully initialized box, if registered automatically.
|
BoxGraphItemClient |
KineticEngine.getHoveredBox() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
EdgeGraphItemClient |
GraphItemCreator.createEdge(GraphItemCreator.GraphItemRegistration nrt,
BoxGraphItemClient fromBox,
BoxGraphItemClient toBox)
Creates a fully initialized edge, if registered automatically and both endpoints are not null (they can be).
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
BoxGraphItemClient |
EdgeGraphItemClient.getEndPoint(EdgeGraphItemClient.EndPoint endPoint) |
BoxGraphItemClient |
EdgeGraphItemClient.getNotSelectedEndpoint() |
BoxGraphItemClient |
EdgeGraphItemClient.getOtherEndpoint(BoxGraphItemClient oneEndpoint) |
BoxGraphItemClient |
EdgeGraphItemClient.getSelectedEndpoint() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
EdgeGraphItemClient.edgeDrag_toBaseLine(Vector2d initialDragPosition,
BoxGraphItemClient staticBox) |
void |
EdgeGraphItemClient.endPointDrag_toBaseLine(BoxGraphItemClient draggedEndPoint) |
void |
EdgeGraphItemClient.endPointDrag_updateBaseLine(BoxGraphItemClient draggedEndPoint) |
BoxGraphItemClient |
EdgeGraphItemClient.getOtherEndpoint(BoxGraphItemClient oneEndpoint) |
boolean |
BoxGraphItemClient.isNotConnectedTo(BoxGraphItemClient otherBox) |
void |
EdgeGraphItemClient.setEndpoint(EdgeGraphItemClient.EndPoint endPoint,
BoxGraphItemClient box)
When using this method, keep in mind that eventually
EdgeGraphItemClient.setEdgeRegisteredInEndpoints(boolean registered) needs to be
called to keep consistency. |
static BoxGraphItemShared[] |
BoxGraphItemClient.toShared(BoxGraphItemClient... boxes) |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
BoxGraphItemClient |
ItemRegistrationModule.getBoxByID(java.lang.Integer id) |
BoxGraphItemClient |
TrackMouseModule.getCurrentlyHoveredBox() |
BoxGraphItemClient[] |
ItemRegistrationModule.getRegisteredBoxes() |
BoxGraphItemClient[] |
SelectionModule.getSelectedBoxes()
Get boxes that are currently selected.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
ItemRegistrationModule.doOperation(AbstractGraphItemShared.RegistrationOperation opKind,
boolean drawOnFinish,
boolean notifyServer,
BoxGraphItemClient... boxes)
Does the operation corresponding to the arguments, doesn't handle edges
in any way.
|
void |
SelectionModule.doSelectionRelatedOperation(SelectionModule.SelectionOperation opKind,
boolean drawOnFinish,
boolean notifyServer,
BoxGraphItemClient... boxes)
A single method for all selection related operations, acts as a
guidepost.
|
void |
SelectionModule.onEdgeDragFinish(EdgeGraphItemClient edge,
BoxGraphItemClient originalEndPoint,
BoxGraphItemClient newEndPoint,
BoxGraphItemClient staticEndPoint) |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
protected BoxGraphItemClient |
BoxListener.getEventSourceBox() |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
BoxListener(BoxGraphItemClient parentBox) |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
ItemRegistrationOperation(KineticEngine kineticEngine,
BoxGraphItemClient[] boxes,
EdgeGraphItemClient[] edges,
boolean notifyServer) |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
java.util.Set<BoxGraphItemClient> |
IBoxDragContext.getBoxesBeingMoved() |


Home
About
Resume
Projects
Contact
Jack Pults
Design. Development. Dork.
Projects
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample
Sample


Dynamic Closest Color Warping
Dynamic Closest Color Warping to Sort and Compare Palettes
Suzi Kim and Sunghee Choi
Geometric Computing Lab., School of Computing, KAIST
Presented at ACM SIGGRAPH 2021
Exp #4. PPS w/ Different Palette Sizes
Exp #5. Multiple Palettes Sorting


Returns the global Policy.
tf.compat.v1.keras.mixed_precision.experimental.global_policy
tf.compat.v2.keras.mixed_precision.experimental.global_policy
tf.keras.mixed_precision.experimental.global_policy()
The global policy is the default policy used for layers, if no policy is
passed to the layer constructor. If no policy has been set with
keras.mixed_precision.experimental.set_policy
, this will return a policy
constructed from tf.keras.backend.floatx()
in TensorFlow 2, or an "infer"
policy in TensorFlow 1.
See keras.mixed_precision.experimental.Policy
for more information.
The global Policy.


Today Is the International Tolerance Day
On this day, November 16, we celebrate the International Tolerance Day.
In 1996, the UN General Assembly called on Member States to honour the date of the Day of Tolerance by spreading the idea of understanding among peoples through activities.
On this date in 1995, the UNESCO Member States adopted the Declaration of Principles of Tolerance.
In 1995, to mark the United Nations Year for Tolerance and the 125th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi, UNESCO created a prize for the promotion of tolerance and non-violence. The UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence rewards significant activities in the scientific, artistic, cultural or communication fields aimed at the promotion of a spirit of tolerance and non-violence.


The Synthetic
attribute is a fixed-length attribute in the attributes
table of a ClassFile
, field_info
, or method_info
structure.
A class member that does not appear in the source code must be marked using a Synthetic
attribute, or else it must have its ACC_SYNTHETIC
flag set.
The only exceptions to this requirement are compiler-generated methods which are not considered implementation artifacts, namely the instance initialization method(<init>
) representing a default constructor of the Java programming language, the class initialization method(<clinit>
), and the Enum.values()
and Enum.valueOf()
methods.
The Synthetic
attribute has the following format:
Synthetic_attribute { u2 attribute_name_index; u4 attribute_length; }
attribute_name_index
item must be a valid index into the constant_pool
table. The constant_pool
entry at that index must be a CONSTANT_Utf8_info
structure representing the string "Synthetic".
attribute_length
item must be zero.
public enum Day { SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY }
methods_count='0004' (4) methods MethodInfo {Value='values:()[Lsample/Day;', AccessFlags='[ACC_PUBLIC,ACC_STATIC]'} MethodInfo {Value='valueOf:(Ljava/lang/String;)Lsample/Day;', AccessFlags='[ACC_PUBLIC,ACC_STATIC]'} MethodInfo {Value='<init>:(Ljava/lang/String;I)V', AccessFlags='[ACC_PRIVATE]'} MethodInfo {Value='<clinit>:()V', AccessFlags='[ACC_STATIC]'}


Once you are connected with us, we will keep a track of your daily progress
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Electroconvulsive Therapy are available at Pysyborg
Meet and connect with our previous clients, who fought depression and came out victorious with flying colours
Dr. Mrinal Kanti:
11 years of experience
Post graduate in Psychology from
University of Michigan
Treated nearly 3500+ clients
Consultation charge: $20
Dr. Kimon Perwell:
7 years of experience
MD in Psychology & Neurology from
Oxford University
Treated nearly 1000+ clients
Consultation charge: $25
Dr. Sharmistha Sen:
10 years of experience
Masters in Psychotherapy from
University of California
Treated nearly 2800+ clients
Consultation charge: $24
Dr. Jimmy Stark:
10 years of experience
Gold Medalist in Mental Health
Studies from University of Madrid
Treated nearly 5000+ clients
Consultation charge:
$30
Dr. Timothy Carter:
12 years of experience
MD in Psychology from Oxford
University, London
Treated nearly 2500+ clients
Consultation charge: $27
Dr. Epsita Mukherjee:
10 years of experience
Silver Medalist in Psychology &
Neuro Studies from Univeristy of Michigan
Treated 8000+ clients
Consultation
charge: $30
Psyborg has been my guardian angel to counter depression. I am kind of an introvert so I often feel left out and isolated. The community has helped a lot to bring out the best in me and stay motivated.
I was not doing good at school and at times, I used to be very worried and depressed. Psyborg helped me to cope up with my anxiety, and increased my confidence a lot.
I used to be bullied at college and I thought suicide my best way out. But then, one of my friends introduced me to Psyborg. The community here is really amazing. They helped me cheer up and counter bullies in peaceful ways.
Psyborg really changed my life. I didn't want to live anymore, but Psyborg team gave my life a direction and now I live happily with my wife, kids and a great job.


18
1 After these things I saw another angel coming down out of heaven. He had great authority, and the earth was illumined by his glory.
2 He cried out with a mighty voice, saying,
"Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great!

The kings of the earth have committed sexual immorality with her.
The merchants on earth became rich by the power of her luxurious living."
4 Then I heard another voice from heaven say,
"Come out from her, my people,
so that you may not share in her sins,
and so that you may not receive any of her plagues.
5 Her sins have piled up as high as heaven,
and God has remembered her evil actions.
6 Pay her back as she has paid others back,
and repay her double for what she has done;
in the cup she mixed, mix double the amount for her.
7 As she glorified herself and lived in luxury,
give her just as much torture and grief.
For she says in her heart,
'I am seated like a queen;
I am not a widow,
and I will never see mourning.'
8 Therefore in one day her plagues will overtake her:
death, mourning, and famine.
She will be consumed by fire,
for the Lord God is mighty, and he is her judge."

For in a single hour your punishment has come."
11 The merchants of the earth weep and mourn for her, since no one buys her merchandise anymore—
12 merchandise of gold, silver, precious stone, pearls, fine linen, purple, silk, scarlet, all kinds of scented wood, every vessel of ivory, every vessel made of most precious wood, bronze, iron, marble,
13 cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, frankincense, wine, oil, fine flour, wheat, cattle and sheep, horses and chariots, and slaves and human souls.
14 The fruit that you longed for with all your might is gone from you.
All your luxury and splendor have vanished,
never to be found again.
15 The merchants of these goods who became rich by her will stand away from her at a distance because of the fear of her torment, weeping and loud mourning.
16 They will say,
"Woe, woe to the great city
that was dressed in fine linen,
in purple, and in scarlet,
and was adorned with gold,
precious jewels, and pearls!"
17 In a single hour all that wealth has been wasted.
Every ship's captain, every seafaring man, sailors, and all whose living is made from the sea, stood off at a distance.18 They cried out as they saw the smoke of her burning. They said, "What city is like the great city?"
19 They threw dust on their heads, and cried out, weeping and mourning,
"Woe, woe to the great city
where all who had their ships
at sea became rich from her wealth.
For in a single hour she has been destroyed."
20 "Rejoice over her, heaven,
you saints, apostles, and prophets,
for God has brought your judgment on her!"
21 A mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone and threw it into the sea, saying,
"In this way, Babylon, the great city,
will be thrown down with violence
and will not be seen anymore.
22 The sound of harpers, musicians,
flute players, and trumpeters
will not be heard anymore in you.
No craftsman of any kind
will be found in you.
No sound of a mill
will be heard anymore in you.
23 The light of a lamp
will not shine in you anymore.
The voices of the bridegroom and the bride
will not be heard in you anymore,
for your merchants were the princes of the earth,
and the nations were deceived by your sorcery.
24 In her the blood of prophets and saints was found,
and the blood of all who have been killed on the earth."


Ping Pong will count up to your number from 1 with following exceptions: Numbers divisible by 3 become "ping" Numbers divisible by 5 become "pong" Numbers divisible by 15 become "pingpong" Enter your number here PingPong!


Residential Property Price Index September 2019
Large fall in number of homes sold in Louth in September
Residential Property Price Index September 2019
by Donard McCabeThe number of homes sold and legally transferred in Louth in September of this year has fallen drastically compared to the same month last year, according to figures released this morning by the Central Statistics Office (CSO).
69 homes were sold an legally transferred (termed executions by the CSO) in Louth in September 2019, compared with 133 in September 2018 and 115 in September 2017.
Nine new homes were sold and legally transferred in September 2019, compared with 31 in September 2018. 60 existing homes were sold in September of this year, compared with 102 in September 2018.
Both the average sale price and the median (middle) sale price for houses sold and legally transferred in Louth in September 2019 were lower than the same period last year, as well as being lower than in August of this year.
The average sale price for all homes sold and legally transferred in Louth in September was €176,763, compared to €193,983 in August. The average sale price in September 2018 was €195,960.
The median sale price in Louth in September was €175,000 compared to €224,186 in August and €200,000 in September 2018.


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Braid: Fired election investigator says wrongdoers must be punished
by Don Braid, Calgary HeraldLorne Gibson, the fired election commissioner, stuck it straight to the UCP government in his first public statement since he was fired Monday.
While saying he can’t be specific about details, Gibson defended his hot pursuit and big fines for people who violated funding laws during the UCP leadership campaign.
“Participants who seek to violate or take unfair advantage of those rules must be held accountable for actions that cross legal and ethical lines,” Gibson said in a written statement.
“After thorough and fair investigations, they must be subject to penalties appropriate to the nature of the offense.
“Fairness requires that offenders pay a price for their wrongdoing, including negative publicity.
“Effective enforcement serves as a deterrent to others contemplating illegal activities and prevents the emergence of a culture of corruption within the political and electoral process.”
That’s exactly what Gibson did for a remarkable year.
He levied $210,000 in fines to people who evaded and ignored fundraising laws, mostly in the leadership race for the party that won the election.
Now, Gibson and his entire staff will be terminated, and the function rolled into Elections Alberta.
The UCP argues that this is just one of many cost-saving measures.
We might swallow that — if only they weren’t firing the guy who’s investigating them.
The Opposition NDP responded with a pair of rare gestures that went beyond the usual grandstanding. For once, they were entirely justified.
Notley asked the lieutenant-governor to “deny assent of Bill 22” on grounds that it’s an abuse of power.
That’s as unlikely as getting the Queen to comment on Prince Andrew. But it made a serious point.
In the legislature, Notley said: “This premier’s decision to fire the election commissioner, someone who’s actively investigating the UCP fraud, is an attack on democracy, a coverup of the truth and could even constitute an obstruction of justice.”
Premier Jason Kenney didn’t have a response. He’s conveniently in Houston for the week.
Later, Notley got herself kicked out for the day by Speaker Nathan Cooper after she refused to apologize for saying government house leader Jason Nixon misled the house.
That’s a banned phrase since it suggests a politician might, gosh, lie.
Notley said Bill 22 “is a far bigger threat to this house than whether or not I said people over there misled the house.”
At that point, Cooper expelled her.
It wasn’t clear what Gibson had in store next. But if anybody has an idea, it must be people in the UCP. It was their leadership contest, after all.
Only this month, Gibson issued more big fines.
There’s also an RCMP investigation going on, remember?
Related
In May, after the Mounties visited Justice Minister Doug Schweitzer, the prosecution service (not the minister) asked for an outside prosecutor from Ontario.
There was a lot of pressure building up in this boiler.
The UCP claims the investigation can continue and all fines will stand. The chief electoral officer “may” (not will) hire Gibson to do the same job under the new order.
If that happens, and Gibson continues investigating as before, I will be the first to admit the skepticism was misplaced.
But Gibson’s office is right now in turmoil as people ponder their futures.
Even if the service is reborn under Elections Alberta, with many of the same cast, work will be delayed for months.
If Gibson isn’t rehired by Elections Alberta, he gets six months’ severance.
And he isn’t allowed to sue.
He professes surprise and disappointment at being canned. But the most alarming part of his statement comes at the end.
His office has now received more than 800 complaints, he says.
Investigators try hard to keep up but “not all of these complaints and allegations have been dealt with.”
Really now.
Don Braid’s column appears regularly in the Herald
Twitter: @DonBraid
Facebook: Don Braid Politics


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} Industrial Injuries Disablemment Benefit {% endblock %} {% block content %} Appointee Are you filling in this claim for someone else? Select one of the options below. Yes No {% endblock %}
Select one of the options below.


{% extends 'email/base.html' %}
{% block title %}
Sublimall account deleted
{% endblock %}
{% block subtitle %}
{% endblock %}
{% block lead %}
Sad to see you leave Sublimall.
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
Your account has been deleted with all your data.
See you soon.
{% endblock %}
{% block callout %}
Please give me feedback about why you leave at {{ feedback_email }}.
{% endblock %}


public interface GearmanWorker extends GearmanService
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
GearmanFunction |
addFunction(java.lang.String name,
GearmanFunction function)
Registers a particular
GearmanFunction with the worker. |
boolean |
addServer(GearmanServer server)
|
java.lang.String |
getClientID() |
GearmanFunction |
getFunction(java.lang.String name)
Returns the gearman function associated with the given function name
|
int |
getMaximumConcurrency()
The maximum number of jobs that may execute at a given time
|
long |
getReconnectPeriod(java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)
Returns the default reconnect period
|
java.util.Set<java.lang.String> |
getRegisteredFunctions()
Retrieve the names of all functions that have been registered with this
worker.
|
int |
getServerCount()
Returns the number of servers managed by this service
|
java.util.Collection<GearmanServer> |
getServers()
Returns the collection of servers this service is managing
|
boolean |
hasServer(GearmanServer server) |
void |
removeAllFunctions()
Unregisters all
GearmanFunction from the worker. |
void |
removeAllServers()
Removes all servers from this service
|
boolean |
removeFunction(java.lang.String functionName)
Unregisters a particular
GearmanFunction from the worker. |
boolean |
removeServer(GearmanServer server) |
void |
setClientID(java.lang.String id) |
void |
setLostConnectionPolicy(GearmanLostConnectionPolicy policy)
Sets the
GearmanLostConnectionPolicy . |
void |
setMaximumConcurrency(int maxConcurrentJobs)
Sets the maximum number of jobs that can execute at a given time
|
void |
setReconnectPeriod(long time,
java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)
Sets the default reconnect period.
|
getGearman, isShutdown, shutdown
void setMaximumConcurrency(int maxConcurrentJobs)
maxConcurrentJobs
- The maximum number of jobs that can execute at a given timeint getMaximumConcurrency()
GearmanFunction addFunction(java.lang.String name, GearmanFunction function)
GearmanFunction
with the worker. Once a
function has been registered with a worker, the worker is capable of
executing any job that matches the registered function. Upon registering
a function, the Worker notifies all Gearman Job Servers that is can
accept any job that contains the applicable function.name
- The gearman function namefunction
- The function being registered with the worker.GearmanFunction getFunction(java.lang.String name)
name
- The function namejava.util.Set<java.lang.String> getRegisteredFunctions()
boolean removeFunction(java.lang.String functionName)
GearmanFunction
from the worker. Once a
function has been unregistered from the Worker, a Worker will no longer
accept jobs which require the execution of the unregistered function.functionName
- The name of the function to unregistervoid removeAllFunctions()
GearmanFunction
from the worker. The effect of
which is that the worker will not execute any new jobs.boolean addServer(GearmanServer server)
GearmanServer
to the service.server
- The gearman server to addtrue
if the server was added to the servicelong getReconnectPeriod(java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)
unit
- The time unitint getServerCount()
void removeAllServers()
boolean removeServer(GearmanServer server)
void setClientID(java.lang.String id)
java.lang.String getClientID()
boolean hasServer(GearmanServer server)
java.util.Collection<GearmanServer> getServers()
void setLostConnectionPolicy(GearmanLostConnectionPolicy policy)
GearmanLostConnectionPolicy
. The lost connection policy
describes what should be done in the event that the server unexpectedly
disconnectspolicy
- The policy for handling unexpected disconnectsvoid setReconnectPeriod(long time, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)
GearmanLostConnectionPolicy
time
- The amount of time before a reconnect is attempted unless
otherwise specified by the GearmanLostConnectionPolicy
unit
- The time unit


:: DeveloperApi ::
Abstract class of a receiver that can be run on worker nodes to receive external data.
:: DeveloperApi ::
Abstract class of a receiver that can be run on worker nodes to receive external data. A
custom receiver can be defined by defining the functions onStart() and onStop(). onStart()
should define the setup steps necessary to start receiving data,
and onStop() should define the cleanup steps necessary to stop receiving data.
Exceptions while receiving can be handled either by restarting the receiver with restart(...)
or stopped completely by stop(...).
A custom receiver in Scala would look like this.
class MyReceiver(storageLevel: StorageLevel) extends NetworkReceiver[String](storageLevel) {
def onStart() {
// Setup stuff (start threads, open sockets, etc.) to start receiving data.// Must start new thread to receive data, as onStart() must be non-blocking.// Call store(...) in those threads to store received data into Spark's memory.// Call stop(...), restart(...) or reportError(...) on any thread based on how// different errors need to be handled.// See corresponding method documentation for more details
}
def onStop() {
// Cleanup stuff (stop threads, close sockets, etc.) to stop receiving data.
}
}
A custom receiver in Java would look like this.
class MyReceiver extends Receiver<String> {
public MyReceiver(StorageLevel storageLevel) {
super(storageLevel);
}
public void onStart() {
// Setup stuff (start threads, open sockets, etc.) to start receiving data.// Must start new thread to receive data, as onStart() must be non-blocking.// Call store(...) in those threads to store received data into Spark's memory.// Call stop(...), restart(...) or reportError(...) on any thread based on how// different errors need to be handled.// See corresponding method documentation for more details
}
public void onStop() {
// Cleanup stuff (stop threads, close sockets, etc.) to stop receiving data.
}
}
:: DeveloperApi :: Abstract class of a receiver that can be run on worker nodes to receive external data. A custom receiver can be defined by defining the functions
onStart()
andonStop()
.onStart()
should define the setup steps necessary to start receiving data, andonStop()
should define the cleanup steps necessary to stop receiving data. Exceptions while receiving can be handled either by restarting the receiver withrestart(...)
or stopped completely bystop(...)
.A custom receiver in Scala would look like this.
A custom receiver in Java would look like this.


|
JUST2D Platformer
|
Go to the source code of this file.
Classes | |
| struct | MouseClickCoordinates |
| last registered mouse click coordinates More... | |
| struct | PositionRelativelyScreen |
| hero position relatively screen, not level More... | |
Enumerations | |
| enum | Events { LEFTBUTTON, LEFTBUTTONRELEASED, RIGHTBUTTON, RIGHTBUTTONRELEASED, UPBUTTON, UPBUTTONRELEASED, IBUTTON, PBUTTON, CBUTTON, ESCBUTTON, ENTERBUTTON, MOUSECLICKED } |
| sfml events trasfer into apllication command | |
| enum | ViewEvents { ADDLAYER, DELETELAYER, DELETEALLLAYERS, BRINGZOOMCLOSER, DISTANCEZOOM, WINRESIZE } |
| Controller commands to Viewer. | |
| enum | ReturnEvents { NEXTLEVEL, CLOSE, RESTART, GAMEOVER, WIN, OPENMENU, OPENLOCALMENU, CLOSELOCALMENU, DEFAULT, FULLSCREEN, WINDOWED } |
| Layer events. | |
| enum | ModelReaction { ADD, REMOVE, CLEARALLANDADD, CLOSE, NOTHING, FULLSCREEN, WINDOWED } |
| information about last state that Model return to Controller | |
Variables | |
| static double | X_WIN_SIZE = 800 |
| default windows size on x coordinate | |
| static double | Y_WIN_SIZE = 600 |
| default windows size on y coordinate | |


Category
All Categories with Subcategories
All Categories
| # | TITLE | SUB CATEGORY TITLE | STATUS | CREATED BY | CREATED AT | ACTION |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mobile, Computer | Smart Phone, Laptop | DE-ACTIVE | John Doe | 9/1/2021 10:00 AM | |
| 2 | Electronics | Digital Electronic, Radio Electronic | ACTIVE | John Doe | 10/2/2021 10:00 AM | |
| 3 | Men's Fashion | Clothing, Watches | ACTIVE | John Doe | 11/2/2021 10:00 AM | |
| 4 | Women's Fashion | Jewellery, Sunglasses | ACTIVE | John Doe | 11/2/2021 10:00 AM | |
| 5 | Health | ACTIVE | John Doe | 11/2/2021 10:00 AM | ||
| 6 | Toys | Electronic | ACTIVE | John Doe | 11/2/2021 10:00 AM | |
| 7 | Car | Accessories | ACTIVE | John Doe | 11/2/2021 10:00 AM | |
| 8 | Books | Digital, Textbooks | ACTIVE | John Doe | 11/2/2021 10:00 AM | |
| 9 | Gifts | ACTIVE | John Doe | 11/2/2021 10:00 AM | ||
| 10 | Movies | Action, Drama | ACTIVE | John Doe | 11/2/2021 10:00 AM |


By applying the Nifty Video skin, the Repository module can be used to display a list of videos. Each listing displays the video title, contributor's name, video size, description, and the date and time when the video was last updated. Controls to play, stop, restart and skip along the video are displayed as is volume control.
Categories and sorting are enabled on this skin.
The Nifty Video Repository


PartialMedium is a package and contains all declarations for a medium. This means that constants, models, and functions are defined that every medium is supposed to support (some of them are optional). A medium package inherits from PartialMedium and provides the equations for the medium. The details of this package are described in Modelica.Media.UsersGuide.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| FluidConstants | Critical, triple, molecular and other standard data of fluid |
| ThermodynamicState | Minimal variable set that is available as input argument to every medium function |
| BaseProperties | Base properties (p, d, T, h, u, R, MM and, if applicable, X and Xi) of a medium |
| setState_pTX | Return thermodynamic state as function of p, T and composition X or Xi |
| setState_phX | Return thermodynamic state as function of p, h and composition X or Xi |
| setState_psX | Return thermodynamic state as function of p, s and composition X or Xi |
| setState_dTX | Return thermodynamic state as function of d, T and composition X or Xi |
| setSmoothState | Return thermodynamic state so that it smoothly approximates: if x > 0 then state_a else state_b |
| dynamicViscosity | Return dynamic viscosity |
| thermalConductivity | Return thermal conductivity |
| prandtlNumber | Return the Prandtl number |
| pressure | Return pressure |
| temperature | Return temperature |
| density | Return density |
| specificEnthalpy | Return specific enthalpy |
| specificInternalEnergy | Return specific internal energy |
| specificEntropy | Return specific entropy |
| specificGibbsEnergy | Return specific Gibbs energy |
| specificHelmholtzEnergy | Return specific Helmholtz energy |
| specificHeatCapacityCp | Return specific heat capacity at constant pressure |
| heatCapacity_cp | Alias for deprecated name |
| specificHeatCapacityCv | Return specific heat capacity at constant volume |
| heatCapacity_cv | Alias for deprecated name |
| isentropicExponent | Return isentropic exponent |
| isentropicEnthalpy | Return isentropic enthalpy |
| velocityOfSound | Return velocity of sound |
| isobaricExpansionCoefficient | Return overall the isobaric expansion coefficient beta |
| beta | Alias for isobaricExpansionCoefficient for user convenience |
| isothermalCompressibility | Return overall the isothermal compressibility factor |
| kappa | Alias of isothermalCompressibility for user convenience |
| density_derp_h | Return density derivative w.r.t. pressure at const specific enthalpy |
| density_derh_p | Return density derivative w.r.t. specific enthalpy at constant pressure |
| density_derp_T | Return density derivative w.r.t. pressure at const temperature |
| density_derT_p | Return density derivative w.r.t. temperature at constant pressure |
| density_derX | Return density derivative w.r.t. mass fraction |
| molarMass | Return the molar mass of the medium |
| specificEnthalpy_pTX | Return specific enthalpy from p, T, and X or Xi |
| specificEntropy_pTX | Return specific enthalpy from p, T, and X or Xi |
| density_pTX | Return density from p, T, and X or Xi |
| temperature_phX | Return temperature from p, h, and X or Xi |
| density_phX | Return density from p, h, and X or Xi |
| temperature_psX | Return temperature from p,s, and X or Xi |
| density_psX | Return density from p, s, and X or Xi |
| specificEnthalpy_psX | Return specific enthalpy from p, s, and X or Xi |
| MassFlowRate | Type for mass flow rate with medium specific attributes |
| Choices |


§834-6 Administrator. The lieutenant governor shall be the officer who shall serve as central administrator and information agent for the Agreement on Detainers. [L 1965, c 160, §6; Supp, §250A-6; HRS §714-6; ren L 1972, c 9, pt of §1]


Basically this extension
1) Makes course catalog filtering in CC Banner easier by fixing the height of the options.
2) Provides data (e.g. course availability, historical points) to help you schedule your year more easily.3) Adds some eye-candies. ---------------- Well not exactly, but at least the banner now looks more modern.
Made by Han You<EMAIL_ADDRESS>& Kon Aoki<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.


Wright Stuff Timer
Start Pre-flight Time (3 Minutes)
Start Flight Time (8 Minutes)
Pause (Please only click once consecutively)
Resume
Reset


--- layout: pipeline title: Tech Resources permalink: pipeline/resources/ ---
Coding school designed to help people learn how to create software (websites, mobile apps, or video games) through hands-on, in-person classes, online classes, office hours memberships, and on-site training.
Code LouisvilleCollaboration of employers who want Louisville to be a place of technological innovation; offers free 12-week coding courses & resources to connect developers to employers.


$2000k-$100k = $1900k / 10 = $190k /2 = $95k/year
= $95k/ ($100+$95)k = $95 / $195 = 48%
Quick trick... the growth is just under 50% (which can be determined from thinking about 95 vs 100)
By looking at the numbers you can tell that revenue has increased by 50% every year over the past 3 years
This can be calculated by doing (Final Year / First Year)^(1/ (Number of Years - 1)) = ($2.0M / $888k)^(1/2)
Unless the numbers are easy multiples it's difficult to do the CAGR calculation without a calculator!


FROM DUSK TILL DAWN A film review by Zach Douglas Copyright 1996 Zach Douglas
This is my early draft as I couldn't locate names and spellings for all involved parties! Forgive me if I've made a grammatical error or two also. I'm a busy man! Send me corrections if you find mistakes please. Also, I haven't given away anything that isn't given away in interviews or on t.v. but read at your own risk.
Dusk Till Dawn A Review by Zach D<EMAIL_ADDRESS>First off, let's consult Webster's College Dictionary
Gen-re (zhan're) n. 1. a class or category or artistic endeavor having a particular form, content, technique, or the like.
Splice (splis) v. 4. to join or unite.
be-wil-der (bi wil d'upside down e'r) v.t. 1. to confuse or puzzle completely.
Ok, lets not kid anyone. We all know Dusk Till Dawn is being hyped because of Quentin Tarantino's involvement. He's done a re-write here, some less than good acting there, even a sandbox project for grownup directors gone terribly wrong - but here is what he does best: Write scripts. We ALSO know or should know by now that his new movie is about killing vampires. More things we know are that Harvey Keitel, Julliete Lewis, and George Clooney are in the film. Oh yeah, we also knew that hot-shot Robert Rodriguez is not only the director but the 'Camera Operator' as the credits say. OK, you think you're set up pretty well. You are expecting the worst. Maybe your expecting the best. I'll just say that no matter what you expect, you will in no way be prepared for this film! OK quick synopsis if you haven't heard. Notorious criminals Seth and Richie Gecko are armed, dangerous, and on the loose after a jail break and bank robbery. While fleeing to Mexico they take a family hostage. Keitel is the ex-minister/dad, disgruntled with the Lord for the loss of his wife and heading to Mexico with daughter (Lewis) and Chinese son (?). So, the band swings on down to the rendevous point where they proceed to KILL VAMPIRES. AND MORE VAMPIRES. AND MORE AND MORE. Mr. Blue: "How many vampires is that?"  This movie is 50% road/heist film and 50% Splatter/Horror. I've seen movies that hovered on the fringe of it (most recently, Dead Presidents) but never, never, never have I seen something like this. For that alone, I admire Tarantino much like Todd admires Butthead when he says, "You're TWISTED MAN!". (p.s. that's a compliment; Also, mentioning of Beavis, Butthead, or Todd in any followup posts or mail is punishable by death) But, I guess we must dig to the heart of the matter and ask the bigger question: Does it Work? CAN it work? Yes and No. It works as 50% of a heist film, and it definitely works as 50% of a splatter film. But I'm not sure if those parts put together are as fulfilling as 100% of either genre. The first half of the film is pretty tight. Reminiscent of The Getaway (No dummy, the one with Steve McQueen, not that Baldwin freak) and Natural Born Killers if they had featured two brothers instead of lovers. First off we notice that Clooney can play the tough guy! This guy smokes. Tarantino also shows that he was really meant to play a psychopath all this time also! I rather enjoyed his performance, and the two make quite a team. We also catch a good look at what NBK would have looked like in it's original form (Die Oliver Die). There's violence, tension, and humor, but it's all as black as the outfits the Gecko Brothers are wearing. The dialogue is Tarantino gone Texas, and fairly accurate. The characters even throw in a few movie references to get their point across. But, before you get your panties in a wad by saying that QT's a one trick dialogue spewing pony, it's really not that similar to his last writing jobs. OK, so maybe it is, but different at the same time; Just don't let me hear that 'one trick pony' line because I hate it. Rodriguez does his usual magic with the camera, and he does the desert road justice. There is one disturbing scene I won't mention which is rather well done, but quite bewildering and I'll leave it up to you to figure THAT one out. The second half of the movie finds the unlikely gang making it to the rendevous point (an insanely wild titty-bar, pardon my French) where they are greeted by Cheech Marin and a load of Vampires. They have a couple of bruisers lend a hand for a while - a Black Vietnam Vet and a Large Mexican Fellow. From here the movie takes on the likeness of one of the greatest splatter flicks ever made, Dead Alive. As in Dead Alive, the ex-minister must gain strength to fight the evil ("I kick ass, for the Lord! - from D.A. not Dusk, but Keitel gives a similar, more sedate monologue). Also, the point is not really to escape, but to KILL every last Mexican turned undead evil minion from the whorey nether regions. They go at the task with great vigor, and the camera work may leave your head spinning at times! Drawback here as that any attempt to recapture anything from the first half of the movie is lost. Acting or dialogue is no longer important, and so you've lost sight of the creative effort. It's just too much of a shock to the film-goers well trained mind! For me it was a pleasent shock, but I can imagine many will be repulsed by the total abandoment of basic film structure Having said all that, I'd say that if they had a genre for this genre, it would be at or near the top. But since they don't, this film will probably be forgotten only to live on as a best renter in the cult classics section of the video store 15 years from now. I liked it personally, and will probably see it again just to relive the bizarre experience (note, still nothing has topped the experience of sitting through Tetsuo's Ironman!). I won't put it on my top shelf with Reservoir Dogs and Pulp Fiction, but I will always marvel at the fact that Tarantino actually got away with getting this film made, and doing it as grandly as he did with the help of Robert "water into wine" Rodriguez. I see it as another visually strong effort from Rodriguez and another page in Tarantino's bizzarre film resume. One that, when he is finished writing, will indeed be more bizarre than anything that the good Doctor Seuss could come up with.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews