=== Test case: lasp_SUITE:contracted_latency_test/1 (click for source code)
=== Config value:
[{watchdog,<0.491.0>},
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>{tc_group_properties,[]},
{tc_group_path,[]},
{data_dir,"/home/antoine/Documents/Unif/M1/DistributedSystems/lasp/_build/test/lib/lasp/test/lasp_SUITE_data/"},
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>=== Current directory is<EMAIL_ADDRESS>=== Started at 2017-05-03 15:06:51
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:51.442 ***
Beginning case: contracted_latency_test
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:51.448 ***
15:06:51.448 [info] Configured peer_service_manager partisan_default_peer_service_manager on node 'runner@antoine-PC'
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:52.647 ***
15:06:52.647 [info] Enabling membership...
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:52.648 ***
15:06:52.648 [info] Disabling blocking sync...
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:52.651 ***
15:06:52.651 [info] Configured peer_service_manager partisan_default_peer_service_manager on node 'node-1@antoine-PC'
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:53.987 ***
15:06:53.987 [info] Enabling membership...
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:53.988 ***
15:06:53.988 [info] Disabling blocking sync...
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:53.991 ***
15:06:53.991 [info] Configured peer_service_manager partisan_default_peer_service_manager on node 'node-2@antoine-PC'
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:55.327 ***
15:06:55.326 [info] Enabling membership...
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:55.327 ***
15:06:55.327 [info] Disabling blocking sync...
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:55.330 ***
15:06:55.330 [info] Configured peer_service_manager partisan_default_peer_service_manager on node 'node-3@antoine-PC'
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:55.492 ***
Joining node: 'node-3@antoine-PC' to 'runner@antoine-PC' at port 39680
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:55.495 ***
Joining issued: 'node-3@antoine-PC' to 'runner@antoine-PC' at port 39680
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:55.495 ***
Joining node: 'node-2@antoine-PC' to 'runner@antoine-PC' at port 52974
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:55.495 ***
Joining issued: 'node-2@antoine-PC' to 'runner@antoine-PC' at port 52974
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:55.496 ***
Joining node: 'node-1@antoine-PC' to 'runner@antoine-PC' at port 41789
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:55.498 ***
Joining issued: 'node-1@antoine-PC' to 'runner@antoine-PC' at port 41789
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:55.559 ***
Waiting for join to complete with manager: partisan_default_peer_service_manager
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:55.559 ***
Finished.
*** CT 2017-05-03 15:06:55.577 *** COVER INFO
Adding nodes to cover test: ['runner@antoine-PC']
*** CT 2017-05-03 15:06:55.582 *** COVER INFO
Successfully added nodes to cover test: []
*** User 2017-05-03 15:06:55.582 ***
Case finished: contracted_latency_test
*** User 2017-05-03 15:07:02.606 ***
15:07:02.606 [info] Application lasp exited with reason: stopped
=== Ended at 2017-05-03 15:07:02
=== successfully completed test case
=== Returned value: ok
Test run history
| Top level test index


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Hi! I'm Beñat, I work for Nesplora leading a team of web developers, game developers and 3D designers.
I like learning new technologies and using them to create software that makes our daily life easier. Here are some of the technologies I enjoyed most learning:
See more in my Github: Blizarazu


Sept. 14, 2015
Mobile-friendly is nothing new, but it just got more important.
As smart phones become more and more popular, an increasingly significant portion of searches are made from mobile devices. They can’t be considered second tier. We need one tier, that "responds to user's behavior and environment based on screen size, platform and orientation."
Google has been encouraging mobile friendliness and responsive design to get there since at least 2012. And in April 2015, when Google rolled out their mobile-friendly update, they made a change that everyone designing for the web needs to know.
Now, when searching from a mobile device, Google ranks any site that is not mobile-friendly lower on their search results!
Google has a pile of reasons for doing this. For some time now, companies have been making multiple sites for different devices. A site for mobile (m), a site for tablets (t), and the desktop site. All separate, but using the same or similar info, all needing to be updated individually.
How exhausting!
All these branches are messy and make the web a less unified place. And no one likes that lag when being redirected from desktop site to mobile site is a significant distraction for users.
With Google's latest announcement the path is clear. It's time to get responsive.
You can check to see if your site meets their demands easily enough.
Here
Some tips:
- responsive design is your friend, Google specifically recommends "using RWD over other design patterns”. (But if you are feeling bossed around by Google, don’t get too upset, responsive design is just a suggestion.) It’s mobile- friendly that matters right now.
- go mobile first - Mobile-first design prioritizes use for mobile users and works it way up to larger monitors and greater complexity.
- website must load quickly (seriously quickly-under a second). They provide this link to see how you measure up: Here
There are, of course, some downsides:
- it takes longer to design for so many more variables, even though it saves time in the long run
- lack of support from older browsers
- while the big guys can, and are responsive, smaller companies are the ones who are most likely to be negatively impacted by the change since they may not have the resources to do a redesign from scratch.
- resizing images and content must be done on the server size.
- it’s tricky to break up content for different devices without using different code.


Short Survey for Students
Which is your timezone?
What projects have you done?
Do you have any comments?


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Page not found • {{ block.super }}{% endblock %} {% block content %} Page not found We’re sorry but we could not find the page at . Please e-mail the course instructor about this error. We’ll get it fixed right away! {% endblock %} {% block scripts %} {% endblock %}
We’re sorry but we could not find the page at .
Please e-mail the course instructor about this error. We’ll get it fixed right away!


Enjoy the exquisite taste of our freshely cooked pizza
We are located in the land of thousand hills in the vibrant city of Gisenyi alongside Kivu lake.
Here we serve you the best pizza in town with very carefully selected range of ingredients which will make you come over again to our restaurant.
We offer you a very convenient online ordering and delivery sevices.


WITNESS LIST Public Education Committee March 29, 2005-2:00P HB 11 For: Beneski, Amy (Texas Association of School Administrators) Golson, Kathy (Texas Association of School Boards) Hollingsworth, Lonnie (Texas Classroom Teachers Ass'n) Rodriguez, Jeanette (Texas State Teachers Association) Whitsett, Jo-Hannah (Association Texas Professional Educators) Against: Uhr, Pam (Self and ACLU) HB 243 For: Cervantes, Rene (Self) Golson, Kathy (Texas Association of School Boards; Texas Association of School Administrators) Hollingsworth, Lonnie (Texas Classroom Teachers Ass'n) Pulido, Esterina (Self) Weisfeld, Shanna (Texas State Teachers Assoc.) Against: Uhr, Pam (Self and ACLU) HB 603 For: Bacon, Tim (Texas State Teachers Assoc) Evans (Eddie), Frank Edward (Self) Hollingsworth, Lonnie (Texas Classroom Teachers Ass'n) Lambert, Kay (Advocay, Inc.) On: Canales, Ramiro (Texas Association of School Administrators; Texas Association of School Boards) Levin, Marc (Texas Public Policy Foundation) Melina Raab, Ted (Texas Federation of Teachers) HB 909 For: Graswich, Jon (Self) Hardy, Vicki (Self) Hastings, Ron (Self) Marshasm, Lee W. (Self) Nail, Jerhea (Self) Shuster, Nancy (Self) Sockwell, Keith (Northwest ISD) Spies, Diane (Self) Stephens, Jackie (Self and Trophy Club, TX; H.A.R.M. Association, Homeowners Against Realignment & Manipulation) Twomey, Neil (Self) Against: Crane, Dale (Self and Carroll Independent School District, President, Board of Trustees) Franklin, Anne M. (Self and 51 property owners in Northwest ISD.) Gammage, Bob (Carroll Independent School District) Merrell, Leslie (Self and 51 property owners in Northwest ISD) Reed, Darla (Self and Carroll ISD School Board) Shoupp, Erin (Self and Carroll ISD) On: Anderson, David (Texas Education Agency) HB 984 For: De La Garza, Veronica (American Diabetes Association) Harkless, DPM, Lawrence B. (Texas Diabetes Council) Katz, Lenore (Texas Diabetes Council & Diabetes Coalition of Texas) McCleery, Rebecca K. (Self and Juvenile Diabetes Research-Austin Chapter) McMahon, Kevin (Diabetech, LP) Narendorf, Deborah (American Diabetes Association) Stewart, Ronda (San Angelo associated with Austin JDRF Association (Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation)) Yarborough, Ben Austin (Self) Yarborough, Don (Self) Against: Bacon, Tim (Texas State Teachers Assoc) De Lay, Patricia "Anne" (Self and Houston Nursing Task Force-president; Houston Federation of Teachers) Frederick, Judy (Texas Association of School Boards; Texas Association of School Administrators) Lara, Rene' (Texas Federation of Teachers) Reichek, Starla (Self and Texas Federation of Teachers, Chair TFT School Nurse Task Force) On: Reeves, Gary (Texas School Alliance) Whitsett, Jo-Hannah (Association Texas Professional Educators) HB 1113 Against: Evans, Imani (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.) Hayes, Tracey (ACLU) Watkins, Dr. Richard K. (Executive Committee, Texas State Conf. NAACP) Yanez-Correa, Ana (National LULAC Legislative Laison) On: Reyes, Dr. Pedro (The University of Texas System) HB 1476 For: Gerstenschlager, MerryLynn (Self and Texas Eagle Forum-Education Liaison) Against: Goodfleisch, Margeaux (Self) Hayes, Tracey (ACLU) Uhr, Pam (ACLU) On: Anderson, David (Texas Education Agency) HB 3393 For: Windham, James M. (PEP Task Force of Governor's Business Council) Against: Bacon, Tim (Texas State Teachers Assoc) Canaday, Jennifer (Association of TX Professional Educators) Hollingsworth, Lonnie (Texas Classroom Teachers Ass'n) Lungwitz, Kevin (Texas State Teachers Association) Melina Raab, Ted (Texas Federation of Teachers) On: O'Donnell, Dr. Lorraine (Self and Texas Association of School Boards) HB 3468 For: Jenkins, Dr. William M (Scientific Learning Corp) Patterson, Gary (Self and East Central ISD) Against: Haecher, Rita (Texas Association for Bilingual Education) Lara, Rene' (Texas Federation of Teachers) Yanez-Correa, Ana (National LULAC Legislative Liason) On: Romero, Jesse (B.E.A.M.-E.N.A.B.L.E. Bilingual Educators of Area Metroplex/Effective Networking for the Advancemen)


>From The Desk of : DR. JOHNSON KENNETH DIRECTOR, PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION FEDERAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES, DAKAR SENEGAL. STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL DEAR Sir, TRANSFER OF US$19.5 MILLION INTO A PERSONAL/COMPANY'S OFFSHORE ACCOUNT Based on the information gathered from the Ministry of Trade and Industry,we intend to solicit your assistance on this transaction with you on the assumption that you will not disappoint us. We have Nineteen Million, Five Hundred Thousand United States Dollars (US$19,500,000.00) which we made over time from over inflated contracts in my Ministry (Federal Ministry of Health and Social Services). We are seeking your assistance and permission to remit this amount into your account or any other nominated account you can provide for us. Your commission will be 20% of the total sum, 10% for expenses and the remaining 70% is for my colleagues and myself. Could you please notify me of your acceptance to carry out this transaction urgently by e-mail only on the receipt of this message. Kindly, acknowledge the receipt of this letter by sending to me by email a copy of this letter with your private Tel. And Fax number. I shall in turn inform you of the modalities for a formal application to secure the necessary approvals for the immediate release of this fund into your account. Thanks for your co-operation. Yours faithfully, DR. JOHNSON KENNETH


?PLANTS
OF
BAHAMA
ISLANDS
Agalinis
maritima
(Raf.)
Raf.
Berry
Islands:
Chub
Cay,
in
saline
flats
about
airstrip.
Flowers
pink.
April
21,
1978
lEW
Yo£)
botanical
NEW
YORK
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
D.S.
Correli
49637
(with
Ruben
Sauleda
and
J.E.Eckenwalder)
Herbarium
FAIRCHILD
TROPICAL
GARDEN
01333979
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


Doctor Dolittle (1998)
Grade: 53
The original Dr. Dolittle was a children's book by Hugh Lofting. It was later a 1927 German-made silent film. The version most familiar, of course, is the 1967 film starring a diffident Rex Harrison, which was perhaps the worst film ever to be nominated for Best Picture. The 1967 film did win an Oscar for Best Song, "Talk to the Animals". The song is the only link to the latest incarnation, which is a comedy starring Eddie Murphy.
Murphy began his film career on a high note, in "48 HRS." and "Trading Places". His films have never the same since then, although "Coming to America" and "The Nutty Professor" were good efforts. Murphy is a gifted comic, an inspired mimic and trash talker, and a master of the double take. But as he has succeeded in reaching a mass audience in making films with strongest appeal to children, he has had to abandon much of his R-rated persona in the process. The older, tamer Murphy still owns the double take, but I miss his more dangerous side.
The plot of "Doctor Dolittle" has Murphy cast as a successful surgeon, about to complete some kind of sell-out to a conglomerate with some fellow doctors that will make them all even more rich. Murphy suddenly realizes that he can communicate with animals, and his resulting bizarre behavior threatens to sabotoge the business deal. There are four plot lines to provide mild suspense: Will the business deal come off? Will Murphy's loyal wife (Kristen Wilson) write him off as a lunatic? Can Murphy save the life of a tiger with double vision? Will Murphy accept his misfit daughter (Kyla Pratt) who also has a thing for animals?
Other movies, notably "Babe" and certain Disney cartoons, have had success with talking animals. But these animals only talked to other animals, and lived in an innocent world unaware of human pop culture. Not so in "Doctor Doolittle", which has the spunky pet guinea pig (voiced by Chris Rock) disco dancing and imitating Bob Dylan. Other incongruities (e.g. a pair of penguins appear unescorted at Murphy's door; a tiger threatens to commit suicide by jumping from a tower) tag the film as pandering to an audience of pre-adolescents, the only audience who will buy into the fun.
"Doctor Doolittle" earns its PG-13 rating with some bathroom humor, and a repeated story line that has Murphy about to make love to his wife, but gets interrupted by pesky talking animals.
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>http://members.tripod.com/~Brian_Koller/movies.html
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Community of Urbana Cooperative Housing
A nice place to call home.
The Community of Urbana Cooperative Housing (COUCH) is a non-profit cooperative housing organization that supports and seeks to expand the cooperative movement in Urbana, Illinois. COUCH offers low-cost housing options in a friendly, community-oriented environment. Our members not only share the same roof, but also share the responsibilities of maintaining the house. If you live in the Champaign-Urbana area, and are interested in the co-op experience, COUCH may be right for you!


EBD - Easton Bible DIctionary
Zibiah
ZIBIAH
"ZIBIAH "the mother of King Joash (
2 Kings 12:1
;
2 Chronicles 24:1
).
"ZIBIAH "the mother of King Joash (2 Kings 12:1; 2 Chronicles 24:1).


Croppa Creek Public School students fly to Sydney for excursion thanks to generous sponsors
by Sophie HarrisCroppa Creek students have escaped the dust and heat and will enjoy a few days exploring the big smoke, thanks to some generous sponsors.
Ten students from years four to six and two teachers flew from Moree to Sydney on Tuesday morning for a three-day excursion which has been made possible thanks to donations from Inland Rail ARTC, Gwydir Shire Council, Croppa Creek P&C committee and Clovelly Public School in Sydney.
Croppa Creek teacher Michael Sky said the excursion wouldn't have happened without this support.
"We weren't planning on going," he said.
"Clovelly Public School had raised money for us, so we thought we'd try to go on an excursion.
"Their principal Matthew Jackman used to be the Croppa Creek principal. He came back to visit and saw the extent of the drought and wanted to do something to help his old school."
READ ALSO:
- China work experience 'life-changing' for Moree nursing student Claudia
- Spectacular break from the drought for Moree students
- Canberra adventures for Bellata and Mallawa students
The school raised money through the fiver for a farmer initiative, which will go towards the cost of Opal cards and some of the activities the students will do in Sydney.
The Croppa Creek students will also be staying with some of the Clovelly families, so they don't have to pay for accommodation during their trip.
The ARTC contributed $4000 towards the excursion and handed out bags with drink bottles and hats to the students before they flew out.
Mr Sky said it means a lot for these students to be able to get away for a few days.
"Some of these guys have never been on a plane before or to Sydney, so it's a massive experience for them," he said.
"Out at Croppa Creek it's a bit like living in a bubble, so this is an opportunity to open their eyes and see what's our there. It's also a chance for them to get away from the drought. Rain is forecast in Sydney while we're there, so some proper rain will be nice to see."
During the three days in Sydney, students will visit the Powerhouse Museum, Taronga Zoo, Parliament House, Centrepoint Tower and the Museum of Contemporary Art, before returning on Thursday.


Hiii, ABC!
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pack node-style source files from a json stream into a browser bundle
json input:
[
{
"id": "a1b5af78",
"source": "console.log(require('./foo')(5))",
"deps": { "./foo": "b8f69fa5" },
"entry": true
},
{
"id": "b8f69fa5",
"source": "module.exports = function (n) { return n * 111 }",
"deps": {}
}
]
bundle script:
var pack = require('browser-pack')();
process.stdin.pipe(pack).pipe(process.stdout);
process.stdin.resume();
output:
$ browser-pack < input.json
(function(p,c,e){function r(n){if(!c[n]){c[n]={exports:{}};p[n][0](function(x){return r(p[n][1][x])},c[n],c[n].exports);}return c[n].exports}for(var i=0;i<e.length;i++)r(e[i]);return r})({"a1b5af78":[function(require,module,exports){console.log(require('./foo')(5))},{"./foo":"b8f69fa5"}],"b8f69fa5":[function(require,module,exports){module.exports = function (n) { return n * 111 }},{}]},{},["a1b5af78","b8f69fa5"])
var pack = require('browser-pack');
Return a through stream that takes a stream of json input and produces a stream
of javascript output. This module does not export its internal require()
function but you can prepend 'var require='
to the stream contents to get the
require function. require()
will return undefined
when a module hasn't been
defined to support splitting up modules across several bundles with custom
fallback logic.
If opts.raw
is given, the writable end of the stream will expect objects to be
written to it instead of expecting a stream of json text it will need to parse.
If opts.sourceMapPrefix
is given and source maps are computed, the
opts.sourceMapPrefix
string will be used instead of //#
.
Additionally, rows with a truthy entry
may have an order
field that
determines the numeric index to execute the entries in.
You can specify a custom prelude with opts.prelude
but you should really know
what you're doing first. See the prelude.js
file in this repo for the default
prelude. If you specify a custom prelude, you must also specify a valid
opts.preludePath
to the prelude source file for sourcemaps to work.
opts.standalone
external string name to use for umd
opts.standaloneModule
sets the internal module name to export for standalone
opts.hasExports
whether the bundle should include require=
(or the
opts.externalRequireName
) so that require()
is available outside the bundle
With npm, to get the library do:
npm install browser-pack
and to get the command-line tool do:
npm install -g browser-pack
MIT


| d0=: {.@[ + ?@(] $ -@(-/@[)) | Shape y array of random numbers in x |
| d1=: ?@# | x numbers from i.y with replacement |
| d2=: ? | x numbers from i.y without replacement |
| m3=: 9!:1@<.@(+/ .^&2@(6!:0@])) | Randomizing random number seed |
| m4=: (>:@? %<PHONE_NUMBER>&[) @ $ &<PHONE_NUMBER> | Random numbers between 0 and 1 |
| m5=: {~ ?~@# | Random shuffle of y |


Function to calculate sample size for estimating prevalence/proportional
indicators from a simple random sample (SRS) or a random cluster sample (RCS)
survey. This function has an option to apply a finite population correction
(FPC) to the sample size calculations. |


| Module::Build::Base - Default methods for Module::Build |
Module::Build::Base - Default methods for Module::Build
Please see the Module::Build documentation.
The Module::Build::Base
module defines the core functionality of
Module::Build
. Its methods may be overridden by any of the
platform-dependent modules in the Module::Build::Platform::
namespace, but the intention here is to make this base module as
platform-neutral as possible. Nicely enough, Perl has several core
tools available in the File::
namespace for doing this, so the task
isn't very difficult.
Please see the Module::Build
documentation for more details.
Ken Williams<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Copyright (c) 2001-2006 Ken Williams. All rights reserved.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
perl(1)
, Module::Build(3)
| Module::Build::Base - Default methods for Module::Build |


I have profound interest in Computer Science fundamentals. My primary expertise includes Java, C/C++.I have completed Bachelor of Computer Engineering from Mumbai University, India. I am pursuing Master’s degree in Information Technology
Management at The Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago. Currently I am a freshman having Data analytics, warehousing and business intelligence as major fields of study. I have over a year of experience as software engineer
and have worked at both small startups and large organizations.
I love building things. While hard engineering problems are often intrinsically fun to tackle. I'm most attracted to solving real customer problems with a business
justification. I am looking for a web developer, data analyst or business intelligence analyst intern where I can take on collaborative team leadership responsibilities and gain experience with architecture and project management.
I focus on front-end web development to bring the best experience to your users. I am familiar with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, GitHub, JS, Codepen, WordPress, Bootstrap.
Back in India, I worked in NGO where I assisted people in
which I keenly observed their needs and helped them. I was involved in the health awareness drives in which I gave polio doses to the kids and provided information about STD to the general public. Hence, I can monitor and pay close
attention to people and surroundings. I also led the teams of technical and non-technical events in the college as chief organizer. I have a friendly nature and keep motivating people around me.
This is an informational video demostrating the importance of ETL process, Visualization, Database connections in PPT presentation and working dashboards of visualizations in PowerBI
This is an informational video demostrating the data analytics on Fake Job Posting in PPT presentation and screenshots of the code in R
Web Developer and Support Intern(Jan 2021 - Present)
Web user interface design updates, relevant documentation updates and Physician portal training for customers
Experience with Java 8, IDE – Eclipse, Tomcat (application server), Maven, DB (My SQL), Perforce(P4V), Mantis
Work with production users to resolve abnormalities in production environment.
Maintain and enhance existing code base.
Full Stack Developer Intern(June 2020 - December 2020)
I was part of software development team.
I was responsible in development and migration of the website.
Some of my responsibilities included
Built 8 features for the platform with the founder and migrating the platform from AngularJS to Angular.
Created different web based front ends using HTML5, CSS and back end programming with NodeJS.
Integrated data from six back-end cloud-based services which include Google Cloud Datastore, Google Cloud SQL, Stripe, SendGrid, Google Cloud Storage and Firebase.
Developed business analytics from the data and visualize the data in PowerBi.
Teaching Asistant( September 2020- Present (Part-Time))
Courses: Object Oriented Programming (Java) and (Android) under Prof. James Papademas
It is a very competitive position to offer academic program support to one or more faculty members by conducting classes, labs or
study sessions for undergraduate and Graduate classes. The responsibilities include:
Work with more than 98 students from diverse parts of the world and teaching them basic java fundamentals.
Assist faculty members by conducting classes, grading and preparing exams, and record keeping.
Share personal experiences as a student and an intern to motivate students to complete class assignments
Grade reports, projects, and labs completed and also set up Blackboard, correspond with students and post assignments, grades, and learning materials
Production Asistant( December 2019- February 2021 (Part-Time))
Provide technical assistance to course instructors, report and resolve technical issues.
Business Development Consultant Intern(December 2016 - June 2017)
Monitor and analyze current market conditions for clients. Initiate strategies for small, medium and large companies to make steady profits.
Monitor, review and analyze strategies in marketing, sales, advertising and
other fields of operations.
Assistant Systems Engineer(June 2018 - July 2019)
I was part of Supreme Operational Support Systems.
I was responsible in development and maintenance of new features for Supreme Elmech smallcell business.
Some of my responsibilities included
Develop and maintenance workflows, web services to other teams for clean data access.
Develop new modules to incorporate new features for workflows.
Hands-on with GlideAPI and Server-side scripting. CMS using Bootstrap & Jelly..
Work with production users to resolve abnormalities in production environment.
Maintain and enhance existing code base.
Chicago,Illinois, USA(August 2019 - Present)
Master of Science •Information Technology Management
Specialization in Management Information Systems.
Completed Courses
Current Courses
Mumbai ,Maharashtra,India(May 2014)
Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Engineering
Completed Courses
Developed an android and web-based system using JAVA, HTML & CSS which provides the users with multiple travel itineraries that fulfill their requirements and benefiting user by cutting down 45% of time and cost constraint.
Android
CSS
html
JavaScript
Java
Foursquare API
DATA_ANALYTICS-FAKE-JOB-POSTING
Fake job posts are everywhere, wasting time of dozens or hundreds of aspiring applicants. A single fake job posting can lead to deceitful crowd gaining a wealth of information. Some of them lead to nothing more
than adding email addresses to the spam distribution lists and some of the worst cases involve actual thieves trying to cull sensitive information for deviant activities.
Through this project, we are trying to build classification models that can help predict such fraudulent job postings.
Actively involved in every aspect of application development.
R Studio
Analytics methodologies
Two test hypothesis
KNN algorithm
Cluster Management and ANALYSIS-READING-WRITING--HADOOP-SPARK
It helps to effieciently use cluster. We have to get a specific year data from the cluster by analysis and then perform many functions like max temperature, min temperature, etc.
Reading and writing python file.
Actively involved in every aspect of application development.
Spark
Hadoop
Powershell
Java
SQL
Hive
Python
Visual Studio Code
GitHub
Implemented a website using HTML & CSS allows customers to book a table. The customers also have an option to pre order their food which helps in reducing 50% of there waiting time
HTML
CSS
Java
JavaScript
Implemented a website using HTML & CSS allows the patients to register, book appointments and schedule their routine checkups, and recording all the patient details and inputs in Oracle MySQL database which helps 35% in managing the patients record and ongoing treatment
HTML
CSS
Java
Bootstrap
JavaScript
MySQL
Firebase
I'm looking for new opportunities to enhance my career in the field of software development. My inbox is always open. Whether you have a question or just want to say hi, I'll try my best to get back to you!
+13129736196


This game will last for exactly 15 minutes. Here's how it works.

Each round begins with the dough going into the oven.
Your task is to decide how long to let it bake before opening the oven and taking it out.
Here's the catch: if you take a soufflé out of the oven before it's ready, it won't have risen, and you'll have to throw it out and start again.
You'll be using three different ovens, red, blue, and green, with different settings. In some ovens the soufflés will be ready quickly, while in others they will take longer. Some ovens are also more consistent than others.
You'll need to figure out, through trial and error, how long to leave the soufflés in each oven.
Your goal is to score as many points as you can in 15 minutes. You get 10 points for every succesful soufflé you bake. If you take one out of the oven too soon, you don't get any points, and you move on to the next soufflé. In this game, soufflés don't burn.
Try to strike a balance between opening the oven too soon, and not getting any points, and waiting too long so that you don't have time to bake as many soufflés.
At the end of the game, the points you've won will be converted to cash, and added to your Mechanical Turk payment. You'll receive 1 cent for every 10 points.
Once you're ready to begin, please click the button below to begin the game. Please note that the game cannot be paused once it begins.


--- layout: post type: post status: publish tags: - auto - permalink - php - slug - Technical - wordpress meta: _wpbitly: http://q.bibhas.in/H1BS99 image: "" _edit_last: "1" published: true title: Customize Wordpress' Automated Permalink Generation --- If you use Wordpress for managing your blog or CMS, then you know how it automatically generate the permalink of a post when you just provide the title of the post. It takes the Title, removes special characters or replaces them with a hyphen(-). Now, I was working on a project which required a news submission to Google news, for which I needed to fix an arbitrary 3 or more digit number to the permalink(Google requirement). So one way of doing that was to manually edit it each time i wrote a post. But that aint possible considering the frequency of posting. So I had to automate the process. So I looked around a bit, had a healthy conversation in StackOverflow but it didn't work well. So, when I was wandering around the post.php file, I noticed a function named wp_unique_post_slug() which seemed like the solution I needed! That function generates the slug of the post when the post title is passed to it. Here is the total function -
function wp_unique_post_slug( $slug, $post_ID, $post_status, $post_type, $post_parent ) { // A Whole Lot of Stuff is done here.. But what we really need is the final line .. // .... return $slug; }So, Just before the generated slug is returned from the function, I made the necessary changes. Like -
if($slug!=""){ $random=rand(11111,99999); //I needed 5 digit random $slug .= "-" . $random; } return $slug;And Tada! My Job Done. So now if I give a post title like "Hello World", for a default Wordpress installation, the permalink generated would be - http://bibhas.in/blog/2010/12/hello-world/ but with my customization, I'd get a permalink like http://bibhas.in/blog/2010/12/hello-world-34523/ .. Where the number 34523 is a random number generated by my added code. :) So this way, you can make changes in your slug any way you want. But be careful when you edit the file. One mistake can literally Hang your blog. :P


- Member CustomField::setResourceSubtype (string $type)
- create-only, see the subtype constants
- Member CustomField::setWorkspace (Workspace $workspace)
- create-only, no getter
- Member Membership::setSection (Section $section)
- create-only
- Member Portfolio::setWorkspace (Workspace $workspace)
- create-only
- Member Project::setTeam (?Team $team)
- create-only
- Member Project::setWorkspace (Workspace $workspace)
- create-only
- Member ProjectWebhook::setResource (Project $project)
- create-only
- Member ProjectWebhook::setTarget (string $url)
- create-only
- Member Status::setColor (string $color)
- create-only,
green|red|yellow
- Member Status::setText (string $text)
- create-only
- Member Status::setTitle (string $title)
- create-only
- Member Story::setText (string $text)
- create-only, comments only
- Member Tag::setFollowers (User[] $followers)
- create-only
- Member Tag::setWorkspace (Workspace $workspace)
- create-only
- Member Task::setResourceSubtype (string $type)
- create-only
- Member Task::setWorkspace (Workspace $workspace)
- create-only
- Member TaskWebhook::setResource (Task $task)
- create-only
- Member TaskWebhook::setTarget (string $url)
- create-only


Funny Furry Face :)
How to play: Use your arrow keys to move the tiles. When two tiles with the same face touch, they merge into one!
Game engine stolen shamelessly from Gabriele Cirulli.


Since XML documents are already parsed at insert time, they are stored and ready to be queried in tree structure of nodes. This characteristic provides a much higher search and extraction performance.
Although there may be potential overhead of XML documents being parsed at insert time, it is often outweighed by the fact that XML columns are buffered in the buffer pools while large CLOB columns are not.
Without XML parsing, the structure of the XML documents is entirely ignored. This precludes the database from performing intelligent and efficient search and extract operations on the stored text objects. The only remedy is to invoke the XML parser at query execution time to "look into" the XML documents such that search conditions can be evaluated.
On the right pane, click the buttons in order to obtain an average query times for XML node data stored in XML columns and CLOB columns. You should see a better query performance with XML columns.


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Using WQL almost any hardware or operating system event can be set as and event trigger. I highly recommend that you take some time to review the Win32 Provider Classes to get an understanding of the scope of these events. As always, the best way to learn is to try to formulate some queries on your local host. In powershell the Get-WmiObject cmdlet can be used, in conjunction with the provided link, to get instances of WMI classes.
Lets have a look at a second example. In this case we will be querying Win32_NTLogEvent to retrieve instances from the Windows event log. Simply executing the following query will return a raw list of events.
PS C:\Windows\system32> Get-WmiObject -class Win32_NTLogEvent
The wash of information scrolling over the terminal won't be very useful, however using the EventCode parameter we can drill down into the event log and target whichever specific events we would like to listen for. In this case we would like to retrieve events for user accounts which successfully log on to the system. The relevant Event ID, in this case, is 4624.
PS C:\Windows\system32> Get-WmiObject -query "select * from Win32_NTLogEvent where EventCode = '4624'"
This query will still not be specific enough. The issues is that there are multiple types of logon events, we would only be interested in the Interactive Logon type (0x2). Consider the following logon events.
Category : 12544
CategoryString : Logon
EventCode : 4624 # EventID 4624 - An account was successfully logged on.
EventIdentifier : 4624
TypeEvent :
InsertionStrings : {S-1-5-18, WIN7-TESTBED$, WORKGROUP, 0x3e7...}
LogFile : Security # Part of the Security event channel.
Message : An account was successfully logged on.
Subject:
Security ID: S-1-5-18
Account Name: WIN7-TESTBED$
Account Domain: WORKGROUP
Logon ID: 0x3e7
Logon Type: 5 # Logon type 0x5 - A service was started by the Service
Control Manager.
New Logon:
Security ID: S-1-5-18
Account Name: SYSTEM # Authenticated as SYSTEM.
Account Domain: NT AUTHORITY
Logon ID: 0x3e7
Logon GUID: {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}
Process Information:
Process ID: 0x20c
Process Name: C:\Windows\System32\services.exe
Network Information:
Workstation Name:
Source Network Address: -
Source Port: -
Detailed Authentication Information:
Logon Process: Advapi
Authentication Package: Negotiate
Transited Services: -
Package Name (NTLM only): -
Key Length: 0
RecordNumber : 425
SourceName : Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing
TimeGenerated :<PHONE_NUMBER>2049.157848-000
TimeWritten :<PHONE_NUMBER>2049.157848-000
Type : Audit Success
UserName :
Category : 12544
CategoryString : Logon
EventCode : 4624 # EventID 4624 - An account was successfully logged on.
EventIdentifier : 4624
TypeEvent :
InsertionStrings : {S-1-5-18, WIN7-TESTBED$, WORKGROUP, 0x3e7...}
LogFile : Security # Part of the Security event channel.
Message : An account was successfully logged on.
Subject:
Security ID: S-1-5-18
Account Name: WIN7-TESTBED$
Account Domain: WORKGROUP
Logon ID: 0x3e7
Logon Type: 2 # Logon type 0x2 - A user logged on to this computer.
New Logon:
Security ID: S-1-5-21-2436999474-2994553960-2820488997-1001
Account Name: Fubar # Authenticated as Fubar.
Account Domain: Win7-Testbed
Logon ID: 0x14ad4
Logon GUID: {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}
Process Information:
Process ID: 0x1ac
Process Name: C:\Windows\System32\winlogon.exe
Network Information:
Workstation Name: WIN7-TESTBED
Source Network Address: <IP_ADDRESS>
Source Port: 0
Detailed Authentication Information:
Logon Process: User32
Authentication Package: Negotiate
Transited Services: -
Package Name (NTLM only): -
Key Length: 0
RecordNumber : 166
SourceName : Microsoft-Windows-Security-Auditing
TimeGenerated :<PHONE_NUMBER>0526.048815-000
TimeWritten :<PHONE_NUMBER>0526.048815-000
Type : Audit Success
UserName :
In order to return only interactive logon's we can use the WQL like statement to match events using a pattern. After some experimentation I discovered that all interactive logon's have "User32" set as the "Logon Process" within the "Message" property. The following query should only match a successful user logon.
PS C:\Windows\system32> Get-WmiObject -query "select * from Win32_NTLogEvent where EventCode = '4624' and
Message like '%User32%'"
Using this information we can create the following WQL event trigger. This trigger would monitor the Windows events log and would trigger once it sees a successful interactive user logon.
# Notice that we are checking for an instance creation where the event code is 4624 and the message property contains "User32".
Query = "SELECT * FROM __InstanceCreationEvent Within 5"
"Where TargetInstance Isa \"Win32_NTLogEvent\" "
"And Targetinstance.EventCode = \"4624\" "
"And Targetinstance.Message Like \"%User32%\" ";


| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| com.versionone.apiclient | |
| com.versionone.apiclient.interfaces | |
| com.versionone.apiclient.services |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Asset
Represents one Asset in the VersionOne system.
|
| AssetState
VersionOne built in states for an Asset
|
| Attribute
Base class for an attribute
|
| AttributeSelection
Attributes being selected in a Query
|
| CookiesManager
Class for process and store cookies for requests to the VersionOne service
|
| Paging
Provides support for paging parameter in query.
|
| ProxyProvider |
| Query
Represents a VersionOne API Query
|
| Rank
Rank class used to order assets.
|
| V1APIConnector
Deprecated.
This class has been deprecated. Please use V1Connector instead.
|
| V1Configuration
Class to access to VersionOne server configuration
|
| V1Connector |
| V1Connector.IAuthenticationMethods |
| V1Connector.IBuild |
| V1Connector.IsetEndpoint |
| V1Connector.IsetEndPointOrConnector |
| V1Connector.IsetProxyOrConnector |
| V1Connector.IsetProxyOrEndPointOrConnector |
| V1Connector.ISetUserAgentMakeRequest |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Asset
Represents one Asset in the VersionOne system.
|
| Query
Represents a VersionOne API Query
|
| V1APIConnector
Deprecated.
This class has been deprecated. Please use V1Connector instead.
|
| V1Configuration
Class to access to VersionOne server configuration
|
| V1Connector |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Asset
Represents one Asset in the VersionOne system.
|
| AttributeSelection
Attributes being selected in a Query
|
| Query
Represents a VersionOne API Query
|
Copyright © 2016 VersionOne, Inc.. All rights reserved.


Some demos using Houdini's CSS Paint API. Check out the tutorial article for these demos or grab the source code from this GitHub repo.
Created by Will Boyd.


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Testing
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Welcome back, Stefan


Writes events to the system event log.
For a list of all members of this type, see EventLogAppender Members.
System.Object
log4net.Appender.AppenderSkeleton
log4net.Appender.EventLogAppender
This type is not safe for multithreaded operations.
The EventID
of the event log entry can be set using the EventLogEventID
property (Properties) on the LoggingEvent.
There is a limit of 32K characters for an event log message
When configuring the EventLogAppender a mapping can be specified to map a logging level to an event log entry type. For example:
[XML]
<mapping>
<level value="ERROR" />
<eventLogEntryType value="Error" />
</mapping>
<mapping>
<level value="DEBUG" />
<eventLogEntryType value="Information" />
</mapping>
The Level is the standard log4net logging level and eventLogEntryType can be any value from the EventLogEntryType enum, i.e.:
Namespace: log4net.Appender
Assembly: log4net (in log4net.dll)
EventLogAppender Members | log4net.Appender Namespace


{% trans "Your current email address is:" %}
{{ user.email }}
{% trans "To associate a new email address with your account, please enter the new address in the box below." %}
{% extends "email_change/email_base.html" %} {% load widget_tweaks %} {% load i18n %} {% block title %}{% trans "Change email address" %}{% endblock %} {% block breadcrumbs-box %} {{ block.super }} › {% trans 'Change email address' %} {% endblock %} {% block coltype %}login{% endblock %} {% block content_title %}
{% trans "Your current email address is:" %}
{{ user.email }}
{% trans "To associate a new email address with your account, please enter the new address in the box below." %}


Ashley Brown
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ITravel Weather App
GitHub Pages
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Password Generator
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Work Daily Scheduler
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Dinner-Decider
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This blog post will be updated two times a week for course notes in CS181W lecture.
3/4/2015 - Hacktivism
Notes
- Three Approaches
- Try to change the law within the system
- Break the law and accept the penalties
- Break the law and avoid the penalties
- Aaron Schwartz - wrote a python script to open source JSTOR articles arguing that information should be free and not restricted to universities who pay exoribant fees
- Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (1986):
- "Terms of Service" in these applications often included fine print that many people didn't read
- Socretes - argues that if you break a law, you have to accept the penalties so that when the law is changed, people will accept the social contract and abide by that new law
Three examples of the approaches above:
WikiLeaks:
Julian Assange - broke the law and not facing consequences
- Posted confidential information through WikiLeaks that exposed a lot of friendly foreign agents that were helping the US.
- currently holed up in Ecaudorian embassy in Sweden
Snowden:
Released information about PRISM contradictory to what Congress publicly stated. Currently in Russia, where he has stated that he will return to the States and abide by the penalities after the policies surrounding his circumstance changes.
Anonymous:
Group of people based out of 4chan, an anonymous forum. Where they took it upon themselves to break the law without facing the consequences.
SOPA Blackout
A shining example of trying to change the law within the system. Aaron Schwartz before he died rallied a lot of the world's most popular websites in support of retracting the online piracy act that was achieved with a 100-person swing.
3/2/2015 -
Announcements
- Annotated Bibliography was due today @2:15pm. The next deadline is for the presentation in class
- Sign up for final presentations *see announcement on courseware
Tech in the News
- Unionization of Bus Drivers - FB is negotiating with them
- Net Netruality
- Obamas Stanford Visit
- Computing for good
- Site designed for first responders in preparing for dealing with natural disasters
- Megan Smith former VP of Tech at Google is now Nation's CTO
- Michelle Lee, Google's former patnet chief has been approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee to head the USPTO
Notes
- Digital Divide:
- Women percentage for CS graduates decreased from 13.8% to 11.7%
- We're at 33% declared, 27% graduating class (Stanford is on the rise...)
- Minority CS Graduation: 2010-2011 rates indicate that African-Americans and Hispanics are less than 4%
- Unlocking the Clubhouse (15 years ago) a study on why women were less than 1/10 in CS grad
- Why Diversity is Important?
- We need to focus on the problem of access a an important ethical principle
What makes CS different?
- Experience in computer use prior to college differs markedly with gender, cultural, and socioeconomic differences
- Flexibility of software allows computers to reflect their cultural environments more strongly than other technologies
- Differences in individual productivity are more pronounced
Cooper: Increasing diversity in South America for the tech industry.
2/25/2015 -
Announcements
- Krister is the guest lecturer today
Notes
- Video: describing how drones are able to act as surveillance machines to prevent crime
Privacy vs. Safety (Government)
- How do we know whether the Government is actually providing us Safety?
- Thomas Hobbes - State of Nature
- Imagine a society without any government at all
- Life is solitary, brutish, and chaotic with everyone on edge
- Proposed voluntary gathering under a soverign - gaurentees some degree of safety
Privacy vs. (some service) Novelty (Business)
- Video: Proposes that cyberwarfare may be the new battleground for the new century. NSA works to listen for trouble
- Locksian society
- Right to privacy not an explicit right in the Constitution
- only implicitly implied had set precedent in 1960s
Critiques of Privacy and Security in the context of Government
- Concerned that people who are "soverign" are themselves human - can they be trusted with this type of power?
- CEO of Sun Microsystems: "You don't have any privacy anyways get over it!" Because of technology, it's not possible to exist on a private spectrum anymore
- "If we aren't doing anything wrong, what purpose do you have in surveying us?" (counter: how do we know that you're not doing wrong unless we're surveying you?)
Critiques of Privacy and Business
Video: Watched a paradody video that imagines when Facebook was working with NSA to curate data and store Video: Watched another video satirizing what would happen if Google just shut down
- How much do we actually have a choice in keeping our data private?
- 80% of us go with the default according to an organ donorship study (opt-in vs. opt-out for organ donorship) so isn't it important what the default for our privacy settings are?
- Is the internet a public utility?
- Terms and Services at these tech companies by default allow a broader scope than it actually needs/uses
2/23/2015 -
Announcements
- Sign up for a group project topic by 7pm tonight!
- Final Draft of paper is due today
Tech in the News
- Lenovo and Adware
- Lenovo preinstalled Superfish adware that gave root access to the device
- Ellen Pao
- Brought a suit vs. KPCB
- Absence of women in upper levels at VC firms
Notes
- Pornography and the Communications Decency Act
- many have names that delierately seek attract the unwary visistor (whitehouse.com)
- 1995 - 83.5% of pictures were ponographic
- 1996 - Comunnications Decency Act: "protections against harassment, obscenity and indecency to minors"
- But how do you define indecent?
- Video: Hate on the internet
- Amazon sells anti-semetic literature like the Turner Diarie
- Lone Wolf mentality protects the few that act on the ideas of others and turn it into violent acts
- should we allow the expression of these discriminating and hateful ideas?
2/11/2015 - Code Rush
Announcements
- Free Screening of Imitation Game +1's welcome!
- registration will go out later this week. Screening will be at a nearby theater within walking distance
- Read the Circle by Dave Eggers (a recent dystopian iew of working in SV)
Tech in the News
- DARPA making headway on finding the dark web - the Silk Road 3.0's
- Cybersecurity policy: the White House is creating a new office for analyzing and sharing cyberthread information across federal government. Cyber Thread Intelligence and Integration Center
- Qualcomm 975M fine for violating Chinese anti-competition view
- Women in Tech: Facebook-LinkedIn initiative to get more women in tech
- Lea Coligado was quoted in ABC News
- Government requests for data
- Article focuses on the requests that Twitter has received for data about its users
- top requesting countries (Turkey, Russia, Germany)
- Samsung's privacy concerns: they were very clear in their privacy statement that they were sending it all back to their server
- Samsung turns on a recorder that is supposed to improve voice recognition
- but this is super creeepy...
- Alternate view of SV: The Internet is not the Answer (Andrew Keen)
- mean to Silicon Valley companies
- criticizes the "winner take all" mentality amongst companies
- argues monopolistic behavior is very negative
Code Rush
- We watched the story of Netscape's journey in the valley. Their decision to give Mozilla and their web client for free, and their acquisition by AOL.
- Question:
- Is there a Silicon Valley culture
- How would you characerize working in SV?
- What about the SV culture do you like?
- What about the SV culture don't you like?
2/9/2015 - Monopolies
Announcements
- Sign up for TCP appointments if you're in CS181W
Tech in the News
- Attracting women to IT careers - the media potrarys IT as a very unattractive field for women.
- Smarter cars and privacy erosions
- Senator Markey brings up privacy and security risks with automated cars
- Significant value of the data stored in cars - where you're going etc...
- Future of AI: David Buchanen (IBM Watson researcher)
- requirement for robots to develop consciousness before they can rise up and destroy us (too hard of a problem)
- Crowdsourcing cybersecurity
- hiring vetted hackers to
- Next decade in tech
- internet of things, micropersonalization, clean energy
- Anthem attack - data breach that affected 80 million people by stealing SSN numbers and so forth
- One argument for publishing everyone's SSN number so that stealing is disincentived
- "Dark Web" after Ulbricht
- Insterestng 4th amendment conundrum: how to argue for unlawful search and seizure without admitting ownership illegal servers
Why discuss monopolies?
- Monopoly granted either to an individual or to a trading company has the same ffect as a secret in trade or manufacturees. Monopolists keep the market understocked by never supplying the effectual demand
- side note: government subsidized monopolies exist in the transportation systems (BART) and seem to be better received
Gilded Age
- American Civil War and end of 19th century marked by industralizatio
Early history
- 1870- America begins undustrial innovation
- Sherman AntiTrust Act
- Microsoft's acquisition of Intui blocked by the government
Alleged Anticompetitive Practices
- Tying
- Bundlings
- "vaporware" announcements - get people excited about something that might not even get developed (Big company has market share and is trying to minimize the proclivity of other people buying a smaller product)
Issues raised in the finding of fact
- Microsoft tried to combat the rise of cloud-based java applets by developing incompatible browsers and partnering with Intel to avoid development of cross-compatible platforms
- Judge proposes several remedies in breaking up Microsoft's attempt to hold a monopoly
Timeline EU vs. Microsoft
- 1993 - Novell Corporation files a complaint with EU charging Microsoft with anticompetitive practices
- 1994 - Microsoft negotiates a settlement by revising licensing
- Sun Microsystems and RealNetworks rfile a new complaint
- 2003 - EU orders Microsoft to offer Windows wihtout Media Player fining $690m ...Microsoft appeals and tries to drag feet
- 2008 - imposes new fine on Microsoft and fined 1.25billion
Is Google a Monopoly?
- Steve Ballmer argues that Microsoft is the only company left trying to compete with Google Search
- Google vs. FTC - decided Google is not a monopoly
- In EU, Google under investigation for anti-competitive practices
- has over 90% of the market share in Europe
- has Google been burying search results from people who refuse to pay fines?
2/4/2015 - Cyber Trust and Data Breach
Announcements
- Debates this week!
- Cooper apologizes for the boring content this week for reading
- Policy Paper: We're going to have to address possible alternatives and what the limitations would be. Make a proposal, justify, suggest alternatives, and argue why our proposal is the best.
Tech in the News:
- Computing Ethics and the News:
- If you live in lower income areas, you are less likely to have CS classes
- Equity issues will be addressed later in the news
- Net Netruality issue
- What does it mean to regulate the Internet as a utility?
- (but we don't want to do title IIs because you can get charged a fee for regulation)
- Project Maelstrom
- Hosting websites "in the crowd" rather than in the cloud
- Intended to protect against DDOS attacks
- Adware on smart phones (link)
- Hackers (caught because boasting)
- Checking for backdoors
- Details the steps you have to take to validity of digital signatures (takes an extreme amount of effort)
Trust
- What is Trust?
- Belief in the reliability of someone/something doing what it is assumed to do
- Cyber trust
- NSF Cyber Trust program promotes society where trust enables technologies to support needs without violating confidence or exacerbating public risks
- Data breach
- Violating trust by giving access to data that isn't intended
- Privacy
- "a home is your castle" the English right to have privacy for what you own
- not as well defined as identity theft
- "the right to be left alone" or "the right to stay out of the public view"
- from an information perpsective - you control your own information.
- Privacy refers to records held by third parties (e.g. doctor has health information about me, etc...)
History
- 1966 - Freedom of Information Act
- 1974 - Privacy Act: you've got to keep personally identifiable information private
- 1974 - FERPA: protection of records held by school
- 1996 - HIPAA: medical records held by a hospital
- 1998 - Idenity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act
- 2001 - USA Patriot Act, expanded government roles to allow wiretapping, email history if you're sympathetic to terroists
- 2003 - CAN-SPAM Act, attempted to have rules regarding email
State data breach disclosure laws
- Ways to limit data breach
- Restrict Access
- Log access to it
- Inform people who have data, can have data breached
- what is the level of encryption of the data itself - what would be adquate protection for the data?
- When do we start caring whether we got breached?
- when we know it's possible to get breached but not probable?
- Dark argues state notification isn't admissable
- US statuatory laws present 45 different ways of encrypting? risk? (sorry didn't catch this point)
- Policy analysis - alternate configs
- variaitons of existing laws using incremental approaches to fine-tune laws
- Policy Analysis - collective choice
- using market forces to limit data breach
- the market would force companies to protect data better when companies lose trust and value when their data is breached
- problem: will individuals punish companies that allow data to be breached? Or will individuals view companies as victims (e.g. Samsung)
- Are the assumptions about information regulation reasonable?
- Do customers value data security over convenience? (It's not possible for organizations to do anything about if data is breached - will an university just shut down if all of its students' information is breached?
- Dark doesn't make recommendations, but analyzes the existing situation effectively and explains the limitations of possible solution directions is quite strong.
2/2/2015 - Viruses, Trojan Horses
Announcements
- Debates this week! Make sure to prepare with your partner. Cooper says he might drop in a few debates
Tech in the News:
- China + VPNs
- China is clamping down on the use of VPNs to access the internet (aka Stanford's VPN)
- Privacy and the Internet:
- MIT showed in a proof of concept, new techniques for de-anonymizing data from internet
- Privacy + Internet (Google)
- Google may become clearer about how it uses its users' data (making it more transparent about how data is being used)
- in response to EU negotiations
- Useful news for paper 2?
- Testimony from several high ranking individuals
- Lack of equity of STEM jobs
- Hacking on behalf of the Syrian government
- women hackers (embedding malware in pictures)
- Cyber-espionage
- US companies protesting Chinese requirement that foreign companies supply the government with access to source code
- Last year: US claims Chinese officials of cyber-espionage
- Dan Shefet asked for the right to be forgotten
- Asked Google to take down information about him, and Google only did so on French servers, not other countries
- Brings up an interesting question of whether the EU has the right to enforce this ruling outside the EU
- Uber and Privacy
- Negative converage about Uber employee who had accessed the ride history of a journalist who had written about Uber
- Uber claims to develop new privacy practices
What is Hacking?
- Note positive connotations
- A perosn who enjoys learning details of compute rsystems and how to stretch their coapabilities
- A person who programs enthusiasticaly
- A person good at programming quickly
- Unfortunately, press has ruined the term "hacking"
History of Hacking
- 1971: "freaking" was whistling a "Captain Crunch" toy to spoof a long-distance calls
- 1982: John Shoch and Jon Hupp thought of using worm programs to go into computers at night when people aren't using them for distributed computing on complex problems
- 1983: WarGames this movie depicts a character tha gains access to the military's nuclear command system
- 1984: A group of Milwaukee teenagers (414's) begins a series of break-ins.
- 1986: First PC virus released (at a conference)
- 1987: "Captain Midnight"
- People used to mooch off of HBO's signal by buying some parts from RadioShack and listening to a frequency.
- "Captain Midnight" shows up on the frequency and refuses to let HBO scramble the signal
- 1990: quite recent that there's nothing wrong with hacking.
- Now: CERT Incident Report lists 100,000's of hacks a day
Viruses
- a program that inserts itself into one or more files and then performs some action (action can be null)
- Types: Macro, polymorphic, latent, etc...
- Worms
- Distinction from viruses able to replicate and run on their own
- Most famous: Robert Morris Jr.'s worm
- Internet Worm:
debug
option in Unixsendmail
Other Attacks * FingerD Attack if the user enters a namestirng that overflows the buffer, when the function returns - it jumps into the code written as part of its name. executing the worm's instructions.
Trojan Horse - putting up a fake front to steal data from your victim
- Ken Thompson says you can't protect against Trojan Horse backdoor attacks unless you do everything yourself
Zero-day attacks: Built-in vulnerability that people aren't aware of. Black market offers money in exchange of vulnerabilities.
- DDos Attacks
- Logic bombs: a progrma that violates a security policy when an external event occurs
- disgrunted employee leaves a 'bomb' in a program that can only disabled with a code
- reveals identity...
- Spyware/adware - just reports back what victim is doing
- Social engineering - popularized by Kevin Mitnick
- exploiting human links
- pretexting (making a story)
- phishing (send you a website that looks legit but steals)
Is Hacking Good?
- can lead to awareness of a system's vulnerabilities and allows for defenses to be prepared (pentesting - penetration testing)
- can lead to availability of information - e.g. social proection
- GNU manifesto
- information wants to be free
Is Hacking Bad?
- You can explain vulnerabilities without breaking into it
- If all info is free, there's no privacy
- Complete government transparency isn't always good
- Social protection leads agencies to increased security
Random people to now
- Guy Steele "The Great Quux"
- wrote language specs for Java and built Emacs
- Marvin Minsky - Turing Award winner, one of the fathers of AI (at MIT) with John MacCarthy
- Ken Thompson - developed Unix also co-invented
Go
@Google.
1/28/2015 - Philosophical Ethics
Announcements
- Find a debate partner before next week. Make sure both sides have comparable debate experience.
- No section next week (or response papers) you just have to prepare and show up for the debate
Tech in the News:
- Privacy and Internet-connected devices
- Restricting Internet speech in France
- Hollande asking tech firms to be held "complicit" if they allow hate speech
What is IP?
- What is physical property?
- something tangible. something you can own and
- But ideas aren't tangible - something about the value of the idea is associated with the idea of sharing it with others
- IP can be replicated or replicated
- From a utilitarian perspective: If we create a "right" to IP, we should protect it based on our dedication to maintaining the value of IP for everyone.
- Act-based vs. rule-based utilitarians:
- What if we have IP that can be detrimental to everyone? Should we protect it?
- Sometimes it depends on the IP itself
- John Locke
Foundations of intellectual property protection in the US
Constitutional Basis
To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Invetors the exclusive Right to their discoveries
Technology and social conventions both affect conventions
- Tension: Technology has made it easier to replicate and dissiminate information
Copyright Law
- Awarded to an author for a work that is: original, non-functional, and fixed in a tangible medium
- Right to Fair Use: Given that I can buy software, what's stopping me from reverse-engineering it?
- You can't buy software, you license it.
- When you"I agree to the Terms and Conditions" you are promising to not dissemble and disseminate the technology.
Patents
- Created by the Statute of Monopolies in 1624
- Design, utility, and plant patents exist
- the terms are "useful" "novel" and "nonobvious"
- Copyright doesn't cover "derivative works"
- requires "disclosure", though people tend to obfuscate exactly what they're trying to disclose
- current protection is for 20 years
Trademarks
- Foundation is in common law against unfair competition
- Word, name, phrase, or symbol. (typically referring to a service)
- Protection continues as along as product is sold (becuase people assocate the name with the product)
Trade Secrets
- Protections established in state law
- Most states now subscribe to the Uniform Trade Secrets Act
- Protection continues as long as secret is maintained
Protecting mere ideas
- Buchwald vs. Paramounte Pictures - a successful victory to reclaim mere ideas as intellectual property
Software Patent Cases
- Gottschalk v. Benson (1972): Found that software is an idea and not patentable
- Diamond v. Diehr (1981): Established patentability of software in certain cases. Not algorithms, because these are ideas which are part of nature
- In re Iwashi (1992): Only a special subset of algorithms are patentable
... [sorry, please see the lecture slides for more detials) 8. Mayo v. Prometheus (2012): Reaffirm the laws of nature exception for patents. This was a natural process, different humans need drugs at different rates.
1/26/2015 - Philosophical Ethics
Announcements
- Cooper suggests coming to class on Wednesday because we're talking about IP which is the topic of our debate.
Tech in the News:
- Net Netruality: Cooper says this would be an appropriate topic for the policy paper and the final project
- Privacy and the cloud - how do we best secure the cloud?
- Verizon's mobile "super-cookies"
- Jonathan Meyer's blog post regarding zombie cookies
- Encryption standards revision - NIST made changes in the standards surrounding encrption post-Snowden. See draft
- NWA offered some "very good" random keys that a lot of people used in their encryption protocols
- Comcast + Time Warner - powerful merger between comcast and time warner, would potentially be a monopoly on the internet providers industry
- Comcast executives ghost wrote some "community support" letters
- Software bug on cybercrime allowing hackers to "ransom" files
- Free speech and the Internet
Notes
Tragedy of the Commons:
- see Cooper's sheep grazing depiction - made famous from Hardin's argument against the 1960s USSR arms race)
- classic example: overfishing
- actually from 1652: Gerard Winstanley and the Diggers
- Why related to computing? Here are some related examples
- Internet speeds and throughput
- Virtual stores vs. brick-and-mortar stores
- Personal Privacy
- Open-Source software - everybody wants to use them but nobody wants to supply + maintain them
- Labor (Google - there's nowhere to move up, but are you intellectually challenged? stealing talent where talented labor is the commons)
Prisoner's Dilemma
- repeated simulations point out that the best policy is to actually testify against your partner
- Example: with Cable - if you have an agreement with other companies to hike up prices, everybody gains exactly
- Anti-trust: Four VCs battle for foursqur=are
Offshoring
- Globalization + offsoring is slated to increase, but it will continue to be a problem as tech companies try to do more with less people.
- Customer support is running into a similar problem, with the additional complication of requiring english as a language
- Developed countries need to adopt policies to foster inovation. To educate and attract the best IT talent, US grad schools still wins.
Economic Realities related to software
- Economies of Scale: you can sell products for less dependent on the amount of people using it
- Network effect: value of product grows in direct proportion to number of users
- Customer lock-in: cost of changing software systems is huge
- Low distribution: you just download it (essentially free to duplicate - development costs are distributed across a larger base, so big players have a huge advantage)
- The most productive programmers are in high demand, but short supply
- High-cost effectiveness: software can still be effective even with bugs
Thoughts on Philosophy of economics
- Globalization may cause overall decrease in happiness if some people are overworked for more utility
1/21/2015 - Philosophical Ethics
Announcements:
- CS181W students must have an appointment with a TCP writing tutorial. Hard copies should have been turned into class for the TCP tutors if you made an appointment with a writing tutor.
- Women in CS dinner coming up
Notes
- Accessibility -
- Technology as religion? Cooper encourages us to read this one if nothing else.
Net Neutrality:
TedCook: "Net netruality as the obamacare of the internet"
Google and Anti-trust in the EU link
- Google is a company not a person, are governments responsible to protect their "rights"?
- Privacy link
- A women was arrested and her phone was confiscated with pictures aken to build a FB page to catch others...
- Interesting point from in class: your fingerprint is not protected by the 5th amendment, but your password is!
- Arrest of DoctorChu link
- "Silk Road 2.0 came up in Nov. 2013 and shut down in Nov. 2014 generating approximately $8m per month"
- too profitable for someone not to pick it up again (silk road 3.0?)
- Continued Islamic cyber attacks link
Why Computer ethics vs. applied ethics vs. engineering ethics?
- Walter Maner: Computer ethics is an academic field in is own right. Cooper is unconvinced that this is a strong argument that CS181W should exist
- unique ethical issues that would not have existed if computer technology had not been invented.
- Proposes that the problem of a field overflowing (Y2K bug, the Unix timestamp problem of 2038) is unique to technology
- Uniquely cheap, uniquely cloned (ripping or burning music),
Deborah Johnson
Computers pose new versions of standard moral problems and moral dilemmas, exacerabating the old problems and forcing us to apply ordinary moral norms in uncharted realms
- We just have new problems with computers built upon existing problems
Moor - The invisibility factor (computers are inherently invisible to the task they perform)
1/14/2015 - Philosophical Ethics
Announcements:
- CS181W students must sign up online (see courseware announcement) to go over a first draft before turning in the first assignment
CISAC (see announcement in slides) is offering a luncheon - this is an honors program that you can apply your work in CS181W to
Philosophical Timeline
- Classical Foundations by Aristotle by Nicomachean Ethics
- Virtuous, Kindness, Honesty, Respect, Integrity (attributes we want people to have)
3 different philosophical approaches:
Virtue (Aristotle, Confucius)
- Deontological (Kant, many religions)
Consequentialist (utilitarianism)
- one consequence to meet: minimizing the gap between the rich and the poor
- heathens and dolers
Classical ethics (aristotle)
- Based on virtue
Deontological Theories (Kant)
- Actions are intrinsically right or wrong (do not depend on the conseuqence
- Telos: Goal or end.
- The rightness or wrongness of an action depends
- Deon comes from duty
- Religions come from this belief - introduces rules of behavior
- Kant's Categorial Imerpative: Don't treat people as a means to an end.
Consequentialist theories (Mill's Utilitarianism)
Actions are right as long as they maximize happiness
It is the greatest good to the greatest number of people which is the measure of right and wrong
Bentham:
utils = hedons - dolors
can measure utility- Mill: abandoned mathematical structure but used utilitarianism as a decision making tool.
- Are there human rights to consider in this tension between rights and utility? (e.g. terrorism vs. NSA, Civil Rights Movement)
ethical relativism
- There are no absolutes. Everyone has there own context.
- Not well received in the philosophical community
- As counterexamples: Genocide, Slavery, etc...
- You would have to accept these things as long as one person accepted one of the above
ethical analysis (scientific perspective)
- Carl Snow defines a divide between "fuzzies" and "techies"
- Karl Popper: Science proceeds by falsifcation
Fun comic
News:
- NYT op-ed: Interesting
- Privacy and K-12 school: (Cooper said it'd be a fantastic final project)
- With such data-driven solutions to propel education in public schools
- Can data-driven education entrench existing inequalities?
- My personal counterargument: focusing on using data to improve open-source education (aka Khan Academy)
- Android security patches (link)
- Obama and Data Breach:
- Customers should be notified within 30 days of a breach
- What your computer knows about you:
- Should we talk about regulating software's ability to construct a personal profile based on likes?
1/12/2015 - Reliability and Risk
**Announcements:
- Make sure you sign up for section by tonight.
- Section Leaders will send out welcome emails by tomorrow and you should email the teaching staff if you didn't get one
- Assignment 1 is out! Check courseware link
- Homework: Write a 5–7 page article describing a historical software failure other than the ones discussed in the class. See details on last slide of the powerpoint. Source for ideas
- Weekly Responses due tomorrow: Found on courseware site (under handouts)
Computing Ethics in the News
- Dangers of future advances in AI (Elon Musk's concerns about AI)
- Lot of AI researchers are considered about the state of ethics in AI
- FBI and privacy:
- After 2008, FISA court rules changes
- The FBI redacted an entire report of the Snowden incident regarding their involvmement with PRISM
- NY Times requested a non-redacted version through FOIA (freedom online information act)
- Tech and the SF housing crisis
- EPA housing costs have doubled in the past two decades
- SF's tech gentrification is not only changing SF but also Oakland
- Security and the IoT (Internet of Things):
- Privacy and security was not involved in this conersation about this new interconnectivity between devices through the IoT
- 23andMe
- A genetic testing company that has run into legal issues because they're selling personal genomic data to companies like Genentech for large sums of money
- Automated Online Shopping Bot
- Claims that it's all for the intent of an art show
- Responsibility: with bot programs, who's responsible?
- Intel and diversity
- Allocating $300M of budget to increase diversity
- What are going to do with that budget allocation?
Nature of Software Failures
- Normal Accidents by Charles Perrow
- Doesn't focus specifically on programming, but raises issues critical to understanding why complex systems fail
- Coupling and Interaction Level
- If we plot coupling vs. the number of interactions, the worst problem is to have tightly coupled systems (where one change is important enough to change a lot of elements downstream of it) that a ton of people have to interact with.
- The worst ones to be is to be like a nuclear plant where tightly coupled problems are also problems that many people interact with
- Software is definitely up there in the top right
Critical Observations about Software
- Exceeding complexity makes software intrinsically difficult and not likely to change
- Individual software developers differe remarkdably: short supply and difficulties in identify good engineers.
- Direction of computing is not controlled solely by technological innovation. Economic, social, and political factors all play a role.
Discovering Debugging
- Grace Murray Hopper - found an actual bug in vaccum tubes during her time at Harvard
Maurice Wilkes - developed EDSAC and the concept of microprocessing. Won the second ever Turing Award for his work to store programs internally into a computer (before, we had punchcards to detail what steps in JCL, job control language, the computer should take).
As soon as we started programming, we found to our surprise that it wasn’t as easy to get programs right as we had thought. Debugging had to be discovered. I can remember the exact instant when I realized that a large part of my life from then on was going to be spent in finding mistakes in my own programs.
Christopher Strachey - Father of domain theory
Although programming techniques have improved immensely since the early days, the process of finding and correcting errors
in programming known graphically—if inelegantly—as
debugging still remains a most difficult, confused and
unsatisfactory operation. . . . Although we are happy to pay lipservice to the adage that to err is human, most of us like to make a small private reservation about our own performance on special occasions when we really try. It is somewhat deflating to be shown publicly and incontrovertibly by a machine that even
when we do try, we in fact make just as many mistakes as other
people. If your pride cannot recover from this blow, you will
never make a programmDavid L Parnas (important programmer after Fred Brooks)
People familiar with both software engineering and older engineering disciplines observe that the state of the art in
software is significantly behind that in other areas of engineering. When most engineering products have been completed, tested, and sold, it is reasonable to expect that the product design is correct and that it will work reliably. With software products, it is usual to find that the software has major “bugs” and does not work reliably for some users.Gerald Weinberg (40 years ago):
Although one does not find errors by a detailed search of each line, word, or character, the ability to get down to details is essential in the end. Thus, for debugging, an almost complementary set of mental powers is needed. No wonder good debuggers are so rare!
Software Complexities - No Silver Bullet
- Essential Difficulties: Complexity of software systems, people don't know what they want, invisibility of software
- Accidental Difficulties: difficulties that attenuate its production but are not inherent to software itself
- Accidental Difficulties: things like
- Mythical Man Month - how much code a man canIn write in a month
Brook's Law:
Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later
Intel's "Parallel Gamble" they're trying to add more microprocessor to a chip, but nobody programms effectively in parallel.
Economics and software development
- Low distribution costs: essentially free to duplicate and distribute. Big players can have a distinct advantage.
- Network Externalities: value increases with number of people using that software
- Shortage of highly skilled labor: most productive programmers are in high demand but low supply
- High cost-effectiveness: remarkably useful even if bugs exist
Case Studies In preparation of writing about bugs, let's look at two famous bugs:
- Therac-25: a machine produced by Atomic Energy Commission Limited (AECL) of Canada for radiation-therapy:
- 3 people died from radiation overdose...
- A request for hardware safety locks
- Error message discovered:
Malfunction 54
- Absence of process to report software incidents
- Overconfidence in the software and the removal of hardware interlocks made software vulnerable...
- Lessons learned: documentation shouldn't be afterthought, software quality + standards needed, designs should be simple, software should be subjected to extensive testing
- Ariane 4 Floating point number was converted to a value too big to be held by a 16 bit integer. The computer shut off, and the error logs paralyzed even the backup computer as well which was catastrophic for the engine.
- Lesons Learned: Handling of catastrophic failures should be better, Better software reviews
1/7/2015 - Information Security
Announcements + Administrivia
- What's the difference between CS181 and CS181W?
- Virtually no difference
- CS181W requires a rewrite of your drafts.
- CS181W also requires an extra half-hour session meeting with a Writing Tutor
- Cannot switch courses after week 3
- Announcement: Phil Levis (Stanford professor) is giving a seminar on information security and the Internet of Things
- Monday from 11am-12noon in Gates 415
- Section signups released today after class
- RFIDs were recorded after class as well
WIRED article
- Top information security threats we will face in 2015
- Fun fact: Congress didn't even know about NSA until 1970s
- National-State attacks:
- NSA + GCHQ (Britian) attacked a Belgium telecomunications company
- Stuxnet: virus that attacked national centrifuges
- Extortion:
- Sony hacked with the threat of releasing sensitive information about personal/private lives of actors
- Data Destruction
- Bank Card Breaches
- Third-Party Breaches
- Critical Infrastructure
- Opening all the bridges in New York from China
Why is information security important?
- Cooper argues employees are the most important asset to a company, but data comes second
- Intellectual property has enormous value to a company
- We need remote access to information these days: advances in networking means that data is more accessible than ever
Legal definition of "information security"
- Protecting information and information systems from unauturhozied access in order to provide:
- Integrity: fraud, tampering (i.e. Chicago Tylenol murders)
- Confidentiality:
- Availability
- Information Security, Computer Security, Cybersecurity, Information Assurance are all used interchangeably by US Departments
- Authentication - is the sender/receiver allowed to send or receive data?
- Non-repudiation - sender/receiver cannot deny sending or receiving the data
- Examples of violating:
- Availability - DDOS attacks
- Integrity - changing database values (hacking)
- Non-repudiation - man-in-the-middle attacks
- Confidentiality - WikiLeaks
- Authentication - Phishing attacks
Additional terms:
- Cryptography - most common way to ensure confidentiality. Even if stolen, still retains its confidentiality
- Vulnerability - a hole or weakness in the system. Vulnerabilities can be exploited.
- Threat - danger that can exploit the vulnerability to do harm
- Disclosure - unauthorized access to information
- Deception - acceptance of false data
- Disruption - tampering with availability, taking control of a system
- Usurptation - Firesheep allowed people to usurp identity by intercepting traffic and stealing session information
- Risk - likelihood that something bad is going to happen
Aims of Security:
- Prevention - prevent attackers from violating security policy
- Detection - detect attackers' violation of security policy
- Recovery - stop attack, asess, and repair damage
Levels of Information Security
- Application (most common)
- Operating System
- The network
- Data management system
- Physical protection of devices
How to implement information security?
- Confidentiality - ACL (access control lists) to access files
- Integrity - check for semantic integrity to ensure inputs are reasonable. See Ariane 5 accident which didn't check for reasonable rocket thrust values
- Non-repudiation - usually verified through logs
- User Authentication - two-step authentication: two mechanisms to validate identity
- Information authentication - signature mechanisms
- Intrusion detection
- Security Policy, mechanism (enforce policies), and assurance (knowing that policy + mechanism are being followed)
Management and Legal Issues
- Is it cost-effective to prevent (usually more expensive) or recover
- Models determine damage projected and how we should protect this information
- Laws and Customs - are desired security measures illegal or culturally acceptable?
Human Factor Issues
- The weakest link happens to be human - social engineering to get passwords
- Outsiders tailgating into Google, Palantir
Thought Questions for Today
- What's the relationship between computing and information security? Which is a subset of which?
- Should information security ethics need to be viewed as a separate field than computing ethics?
1/5/2015 - Introduction + Syllabus
Logistics:
- Courseware website - Login and choose CS 181 to view the relevant materials
- Don't forget the section participation is 20% of the overall grade
- Attending lecture in full will offer 2% extra credit
Brief History of CS181:
Why do we talk about ethics in Computer Science?
- Robert Taylor Morris Jr.
- Shut down 25% of the internet with a worm
- Led CS departments to be more proactive about educating students about ethics
- Terry Winograd's Address about this course
- Described why he created this course (CS181)
Three Views of Computer Ethics
- The Angel-Devil Depiction
- There's an absolute good and bad
- Some part of you wants to do the bad
- You need to exert moral strength to overcome this impulse and do what is right.
- Morality Computer
- There's a way to sum up all of the relevant factors
- You can quantify good and bad - there's a set of morale rules that determine the goodness and badness
- Assume that you'll do the right thing if it's decided as so
- Problems:
- The algorithm is subjective - humanity doesn't agree on the grounds for moral reasoning
- Troupe of Jugglers
- Balancing motivations to make spur-of-the moment decisions that other people depend on
- Social context of the activity defines the impact that your decisions have on other people
- Accepted ways of juggling change over time
What Makes Computing Difficult
- The discipline of software engineering has not had centuries in which to mature
- Software Engineering first used as a term in 1968
- Computing is used to solve hard problems
- Software has high "system complexity"
- Economics gravitate towards flawed systems
- Ability of getting huge market share (GOOG, MFST) means that people don't really care about the bugs
- Bugs are ubiquitous and inevitable
- Inherently chaotic - small changes initially generate massive changes
Thought Questions
- What public-policy issues involving computing do you feel to prove important over the next few decades?


Starting KDE4 from the command prompt
You can start KDE4 from runlevel 3, using xinit-1.3.4, or from runlevel 5, using a Display Manager, such as sddm-0.12.0.
To start KDE4 using xinit-1.3.4, run the following commands:
cat > ~/.xinitrc << "EOF"
ck-launch-session dbus-launch --exit-with-session startkde
EOF
startx
The X session starts on the first unused virtual terminal, normally vt7. You can switch to another vtn simultaneously pressing the keys Ctrl-Alt-Fn (n=1, 2, ...). To switch back to the X session, normally started at vt7, use Ctrl-Alt-F7. The vt where the command startx was executed will display many messages, including X starting messages, applications automatically started with the session, and eventually, some warning and error messages. You may prefer to redirect those messages to a log file, which not only will keep the initial vt uncluttered, but can also be used for debug purposes. This can be done starting X with:
startx &> ~/.x-session-errors
Note
You may wish to drop consolekit and/or dbus-launch, e.g., just using startkde in ~/.xinitrc. However some capabilities such as mounting or umounting file systems from a file manager will not be possible, or the reboot option will be absent or inoperative, among other problems.
When shutting down or rebooting, the shutdown messages appear on the vt where X was running. If you wish to see those messages, simultaneously press keys Alt-F7 (assuming that X was running on vt7).


Welcome!
Welcome to AllenNLP! This tutorial will walk you through the basics of building and training an AllenNLP model.
Before we get started, make sure you have a clean Python 3.6 or 3.7 virtual environment, and then run
pip install allennlp
to install the AllenNLP library.
In this tutorial we'll implement a slightly enhanced version of the PyTorch
LSTM for Part-of-Speech Tagging tutorial,
adding some features that make it a slightly more realistic task (and that also showcase some of the benefits of AllenNLP):
- read data from files (rather than having it hardcoded)
- use a validation dataset that's distinct from the training dataset
- use tqdm to track the training progress (and corresponding loss metric)
- implement early stopping based on validation loss
- track accuracy during training and validation
The Problem
Given a sentence (e.g. "The dog ate the apple") we want to predict part-of-speech tags for each word (e.g ["DET", "NN", "V", "DET", "NN"]).
As in the PyTorch tutorial, we'll embed each word in a low-dimensional space, pass them through an LSTM to get a sequence of encodings, and use a feedforward layer to transform those into a sequence of logits (corresponding to the possible part-of-speech tags).
The code is simple enough that we'll just annotate it as we go.
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# pylint: disable=invalid-name,arguments-differ,redefined-outer-name
from typing import Iterator, List, Dict
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We use type annotations all over our code, so we have to import a few things here.
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import torch
import torch.optim as optim
import numpy as np
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AllenNLP is built on PyTorch, so we'll import a few of its features to use directly.
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from allennlp.data import Instance
from allennlp.data.fields import TextField, SequenceLabelField
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In AllenNLP we represent each training example as an Instance consisting of Field s of various types.
Here each example is a sentence (which we store in a TextField ) with corresponding part-of-speech tags
(which we store in a SequenceLabelField .)
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from allennlp.data.dataset_readers import DatasetReader
from allennlp.data.iterators import BasicIterator
from allennlp.data.token_indexers import TokenIndexer, SingleIdTokenIndexer
from allennlp.data.tokenizers import Token
from allennlp.data.vocabulary import Vocabulary
from allennlp.models import Model
from allennlp.modules.feedforward import FeedForward
from allennlp.modules.text_field_embedders import TextFieldEmbedder, BasicTextFieldEmbedder
from allennlp.modules.token_embedders import Embedding
from allennlp.modules.seq2seq_encoders import Seq2SeqEncoder, PytorchSeq2SeqWrapper
from allennlp.nn.util import get_text_field_mask, sequence_cross_entropy_with_logits
from allennlp.predictors import SentenceTaggerPredictor
from allennlp.training.metrics import CategoricalAccuracy
from allennlp.training.trainer import Trainer
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torch.manual_seed(1)
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class PosDatasetReader(DatasetReader):
"""
DatasetReader for PoS tagging data, one sentence per line, like
The###DET dog###NN ate###V the###DET apple###NN
"""
def __init__(self, token_indexers: Dict[str, TokenIndexer] = None) -> None:
super().__init__(lazy=False)
self.token_indexers = token_indexers or {"tokens": SingleIdTokenIndexer()}
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def text_to_instance(self, tokens: List[Token], tags: List[str] = None) -> Instance:
sentence_field = TextField(tokens, self.token_indexers)
fields = {"sentence": sentence_field}
|
|
|
if tags:
label_field = SequenceLabelField(labels=tags, sequence_field=sentence_field)
fields["labels"] = label_field
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return Instance(fields)
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def _read(self, file_path: str) -> Iterator[Instance]:
with open(file_path) as f:
for line in f:
pairs = line.strip().split()
sentence, tags = zip(*(pair.split("###") for pair in pairs))
yield self.text_to_instance([Token(word) for word in sentence], tags)
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reader = PosDatasetReader()
train_dataset = reader.read('tutorials/tagger/training.txt')
validation_dataset = reader.read('tutorials/tagger/validation.txt')
vocab = Vocabulary.from_instances(train_dataset + validation_dataset)
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EMBEDDING_DIM = 6
HIDDEN_DIM = 6
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class LstmTagger(Model):
def __init__(self,
word_embeddings: TextFieldEmbedder,
encoder: Seq2SeqEncoder,
vocab: Vocabulary) -> None:
super().__init__(vocab)
self.word_embeddings = word_embeddings
self.encoder = encoder
self.hidden2tag = FeedForward(input_dim=encoder.get_output_dim(),
num_layers=1,
hidden_dims=vocab.get_vocab_size('labels'),
activations=lambda x: x)
self.accuracy = CategoricalAccuracy()
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def forward(self, sentence: torch.Tensor, labels: torch.Tensor = None) -> torch.Tensor:
embeddings = self.word_embeddings(sentence)
mask = get_text_field_mask(sentence)
encoder_out = self.encoder(embeddings, mask)
tag_logits = self.hidden2tag(encoder_out)
output = {"tag_logits": tag_logits}
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if labels is not None:
self.accuracy(tag_logits, labels, mask)
output["loss"] = sequence_cross_entropy_with_logits(tag_logits, labels, mask)
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return output
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def get_metrics(self, reset: bool = False) -> Dict[str, float]:
return {"accuracy": self.accuracy.get_metric(reset)}
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token_embedding = Embedding(num_embeddings=vocab.get_vocab_size('tokens'),
embedding_dim=EMBEDDING_DIM)
word_embeddings = BasicTextFieldEmbedder({"tokens": token_embedding})
lstm = PytorchSeq2SeqWrapper(torch.nn.LSTM(EMBEDDING_DIM, HIDDEN_DIM, batch_first=True))
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model = LstmTagger(word_embeddings, lstm, vocab)
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.1)
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iterator = BasicIterator(batch_size=2)
iterator.index_with(vocab)
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trainer = Trainer(model=model,
optimizer=optimizer,
iterator=iterator,
train_dataset=train_dataset,
validation_dataset=validation_dataset,
patience=10,
num_epochs=1000)
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# No need to see what the scores are before training,
# our trainer will show the loss over time.
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# Train
trainer.train()
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# See what the scores are after training
# Make predictions
predictor = SentenceTaggerPredictor(model, dataset_reader=reader)
tag_scores = predictor.predict("The dog ate the apple")['tag_logits']
print(tag_scores)
tag_ids = np.argmax(tag_scores, axis=-1)
print([model.vocab.get_token_from_index(i, 'labels') for i in tag_ids])
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{% extends "base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block content %} {% if user.is_authenticated %}
Choose a playlist you'd like to get recommendations from!
Simply click on a playlist to get a recommendation from its tracks that you'll like the most
Here is a list of Spotify's featured playlists right now:
{% for pb in playlist_batches %} {% endfor %}Or you can use a playlist of your own choosing!
Go to your Spotify, right click on the three dots, then share, and "Copy Spotify URI"
Please log in to your Spotify account to get song recommendations


Performs a safe reciprocal operation, element wise.
tf.compat.v1.math.reciprocal_no_nan
tf.compat.v2.math.reciprocal_no_nan
tf.math.reciprocal_no_nan( x, name=None )
If a particular element is zero, the reciprocal for that element is also set to zero.
x = tf.constant([2.0, 0.5, 0, 1], dtype=tf.float32) tf.math.reciprocal_no_nan(x) # [ 0.5, 2, 0.0, 1.0 ]
x
: A Tensor
of type float16
, float32
, float64
complex64
or
complex128
.name
: A name for the operation (optional).A Tensor
of same shape and type as x
.
TypeError
: x must be of a valid dtype.