int6krule(1) Qualcomm Atheros Open Powerline Toolkit int6krule(1) NAME int6krule - Stream Classification Utility SYNOPSIS int6krule [options] action operand condition [condition] [condition] control volatility [device] [device] [...] where condition is a field operator value sequence. DESCRIPTION Format and send stream classification rules to one or more devices. Rules specify an action to be taken when a frame satisfies selection criteria. Selection criteria consists of one, two or three conditions where any or all conditions must be satisfied. Each condition consists of a field type, a relational operator and a value. Rules may be added to a device, or removed from a device, so that they have permanent or temporary effect. Classification rules are cumulative. If a new rule set is identical to an old rule set then an error will occur unless it contains a different Transmission Action. In that case the old rule will be replaced. Identical classification rule sets are permitted if one of the sets is associated with a VLAN tag action. Classification is based on the original frame before is is altered by VLAN Tag insertion or removal. Classification is multi-dimensional and the terminology used here may seem strange at first. Refer to the Qualcomm Atheros Firmware Techncial Reference Manual description of the VS_CLASSIFICATION management message for a full explana‐ tion. This program is part of the Qualcomm Atheros Powerline Toolkit. See the plc man page for an overview and installation instructions. OPTIONS -e Redirects stderr messages to stdout. By convention status and error messages are printed on stderr while primary program output is printed on stdout. This option prints all output on stdout in cases where this is desired. -i interface Select the host Ethernet interface. All requests are sent via this host interface and only reponses received via this host interface are recognized. The default interface is eth1 because most people use eth0 as their principle network connection; however, if environment string "PLC" is defined then it takes precedence over the default interface. This option then takes precedence over either default. -r Read rules from a device and display them on stdout. -q Suppresses status messages on stderr. -s Print a list of program keywords on stdout. This option over-rides all others, except -? and -!, and the program will terminate without further action. -t milliseconds Read timeout in milliseconds. Values range from 0 through UINT_MAX. This is the maximum time allowed for a response. The default is shown in brackets on the program menu. -T tag The VLAN tag to be inserted into frames before they are transmitted. The tag is a 32-bit hexadecimal integer with optional "0x" prefix. This option is required for action TagTX and must be omitted for all other actions. -v Print additional information on stdout. In particular, this option dumps incoming and outgoing packets which can be saved as text files for reference. -V version The CSPEC version number expressed as a small decimal integer. This option is required (and should be 2) for action TagTX and must be omitted for all other actions. -?,--help Print program help summary on stdout. This option takes precedence over other options on the command line. -!,--version Print program version information on stdout. This option takes precedence over other options on the command line. Use this option when sending screen dumps to Atheros Technical Support so that they know exactly which version of the Linux Toolkit you are using. ARGUMENTS action The action to be taken for frames that meet any (or all) selection criteria. Valid actions are listed and described under ACTIONS. operand The operand specifies the logical relationship between conditions before the action to be taken. Valid operands are listed and described under OPERANDS. condition A conditional expression consisting of a field, operator and value. See CONDITIONS for more information. control The control specifies the action to be taken by the device upon receipt of the rule. The basic actions are to add it to, or remove it from, the list of existing rules. Valid controls are listed and described under CONTROLS. volatility The volatility specifies the effective lifetime of the rule. Temoprary rules are stored in SDRAM and are lost then the device is reset. Permanent rules are stored in NVRAM and are restored after the device is reset. Valid volatilities are listed and described under VOLATILITY. device The MAC address of some powerline device. More than one address may be specified on the command line. If more than one address is specified then operations are performed on each device in turn. The default address is "local". See DEVICES for more information. ACTIONS Actions indcate the disposition of frames that match selection criteria. They are expressed as discrete alphanumeric strings entered in upper, lower or mixed character case. They are position sensitive. Failure to enter a known action will results in an error message that lists permitted actions. CAP0,CAP1,CAP2,CAP3 Assign a specific Channel Access Priority to frames. Drop,DropTX Do not forward frames over powerline. DropRX Do not forward frames to host. Boost Boost frame priority to CAP3 for MMEs only. At least one condition must be "MME". StripTX Remove the VLAN Tag from frames before transmission over powerline. This option checks for a VLAN Tag even when there are no VLAN related conditions. StripRX Remove the VLAN Tag from frames before forwarding to host. This option checks for a VLAN Tag even when there are no VLAN related conditions. TagTX Insert a given VLAN Tag into frames before transmission over powerline. This action requires option -T to specify the tag and option -V to specify the CSPEC version. OPERANDS The operand indicates the logical relationship that must exist between conditions in the rule set before the action is applied to a frame. Operands are expressed as discrete alphanumeric strings entered in upper, lower or mixed character case. Failure to enter a known operand will result in an error message that lists permitted operands. They are positon sensitive. One operand is allowed and it must appear after the action and before any condition. Any Apply the action to frames that satisfy any of the conditions. This is equivalent to the logical or operation. All Apply the action to frames that satisfy all of the conditions. This is equivalent to the logical and operation. Always Apply the action to all frames. All conditions are ignored. CONDITIONS A condition consists of a field, an operator and a value. One condition is required but three are permitted. Condition order is not important but all conditions must appear after the operand and before the control. field The field is the part of the Ethernet frame to be examined. Some fields are not valid for some actions but this program does not enforce such rules since validation is performed by runtime firmware on each device. Recognized fields are listed and described under FIELDS. operator The operator specifies the relationsip that must exist between the field and value in order for the condition to evaluate True. Currently, only equality operators are supported. Valid operators are listed and described under OPERATORS. value The value must be appropriate to the field type. Some fields are MAC or IP addresses, some are integers, some are bitmaps and others are states. Integers and bitmaps may be expressed in binary, decimal or hexadecimal format. Binary values staRt with 0b. Hexadecimal values start with 0x. States are expressed using keywords. Users are responsible for knowing how many bits are significant for each type of value. Valid values are described along with fields under FIELDS. FIELDS Fields indicate the portion of the frame that is inspected during selection and the size and format of the value permited in the condition statement. They are expressed as discrete alphanumeric strings entered in upper, lower or mixed charac‐ ter case. Failure to enter a known field will result in an error message that lists permitted fields. ET A 16-bit Ethertype expressed in hexadecimal with optional "0x" prefix. The format is described in IEEE Standard 802-2001 [4]. EthDA A 48-bit Ethernet destination address expressed in hexadecimal. Octets may be separated with optional colons for clarity. The format is described in IEEE Standard 802-2001 [4]. EthSA A 48-bit Ethernet source address expressed in hexadecimal. Octets may be separated with optional colons for clar‐ ity. The format is described in IEEE Standard 802-2001 [4]. IPSP A 16-bit IP source port expressed as a decimal integer. This condition applies to either TCP or UDP packets, depending on the protocol used, and is valid only for actions "CAP0", "CAP1", "CAP2", "CAP3" and "Drop". IPDP A 16-bit IP destination port expressed as a decimal integer. This condition applies to either TCP or UDP packets, depending on the protocol used, and is valid only for actions "CAP0", "CAP1", "CAP2", "CAP3" and "Drop". IPV4TOS An 8-bit Type-of-Service code where the format is defined in the RFC 791 (Internet Protocol) [14]. IPV4PROT An 8-bit Ethernet protocol code. The format is defined in the RFC 791 (Internet Protocol) [14]. IPV4SA A 32-bit Internet Protocol source address expressed in dotted-decimal notation. The official format is defined in RFC 791 (Internet Protocol) [14]. Our implementation permits empty octets and leading zeros within fields. For example, "..." is equivalent to "<IP_ADDRESS> and "127..000.001" is equivalent to "<IP_ADDRESS>". IPV4DA A 32-bit Internet Protocol destination address expressed in dotted-decimal notation. The official format is defined in RFC 791 (internet Protocol) [14]. Our implementation permits empty octets and leading zeros within fields. For example, "..." is equivalent to "<IP_ADDRESS> and "127..000.001" is equivalent to "<IP_ADDRESS>". IPV6TC An 8-bit Internet Protocol V6 traffic class expressed as defined in RFC 2460 (Internet Protocol Version 6) [17]. IPV6FL A 24-bit IPV6 flow label where the lower 20 bits are the IPv6 Flow Label defined in RFC 2460 (Internat Protocol Version 6) [17]. The upper 4 bits should be zero. The value can be entered either as a decimal, binary or hex integer. IPV6SA A 128-bit IPV6 source address expressed as colon-separated hexadecmial quartets (octet pairs). The official for‐ mat is defined in RFC 2460 (Internet Protocol Version 6) [17]. Our implementation permits multiple empty fields, abreviated fields and leading zeros within fields. When multiple empty fields appear, the right-most occurance expands to multiple zeros. For example, "AAAA::BBBB::CCCC" is equivalent to "AAAA:0000:BBBB:0000:0000:0000:0000:CCCC". IPV6DA A 128-bit IPV6 destination address expressed as colon-separated hexadecimal quartets (octet pairs). The official format is defined in RFC 2460 (Internet Protocol Version 6) [17]. Our implementation permits multiple empty fields, abbreviated fields and leading zeros within fields. When multiple empty fields appear, the right-most occurance expands to zeros. For example, ":1::2" is equivalent to "0000:0001:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0002". MME A 24-bit Atheros HomePlugAV Management Message type expressed as a hex byte stream. For clarity, the recommeded format it "xx:xxxx". The first byte is the MMV. The next two bytes are the MMTYPE. Both are defined in the HomePlug AV Specification. The MMTYPE will match all MME variants, such as Request, Confirm, Indicate and Response because the lower two bits are ignored. This field is only valid for action "Boost". TCPAck The string "True" or "False" to indicate that the frame is (or is not) a TCP Acknowledgement. Double negatives are allowed so "Is True" is equvalent to "Not False" and "Is False" is equivalent to "Not True". TCPSP A 16-bit TCP source port as a decimal integer. The format is defined in RFC 793 (Transmission Control Protocol [15]). TCPDP A 16-bit TCP destination port expressed as a decimal integer. The format is defined in RFC 793 (Transmission Con‐ trol Protocol [15]). UDPSP A 16-bit UDP source port expressed as a decimal integer. The format is defined in RFC 768 (User Datagram Protocol [13]). UDPDP A 16-bit UDP destination port expressed as a decimal integer. The format is defined in RFC 768 (User Datagram Protocol [13]). VLANID A 16-bit VLAN identifier where the lower 12 bits are the VLAN Identifier (VID) defined in IEEE Std 802.1Q-1998 (Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks) [11]. The upper 4 bits should be zero. VLANUP An 8-bit Ethernet VLAN tag where the lower 3 bits are the User Priority sub-field of a VLAN Tag defined in IEEE Std 802.1Q-1998 (Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks) [11]. The upper 5 bits should be zero. VLANTag The string "Present" or "Missing" to indicate the presence (or absence) of one or more VLAN Tags within a frame. This classifier is essentially equivalent to "ET Is 0x8100". Double negatives are allowed so "Is Present" is equivalent to "Not Missing" and "Is Missing" is equivalent to "Not Present". OPERATORS An operator indicates an equality between a field and a value. An operator is an alphanumeric string entered in upper, lower or mixed character case. Failure to enter a known operator will result in an error message that lists permitted operators. Operators are position sensitive and must appear between each field and value. Is Indicates that the frame field must equal the associated value for the condition to evaluate true. Not Indicates that the frame field must not equal the associated value for the condition to evaluate true. STATES A state is a special case of value. True,On,Yes,Present Indicates a positive state or presence of some entity. All are equivalent and can be used interchangeably. Dou‐ ble negatives are permitted so "Is True" is equvalent to "Not False". False,Off,No,Missing Indicates a negative state or absence of some entity. All are equivalent and can be used interchangeably. Double negatives are permitted so "Is False" is equvalent to "Not True". CONTROLS The control determines how the devices will handle the rule after it is validated. It is expressed as a discrete alphanumeric string entered in upper, lower or mixed character case. Failure to enter a known control will result in an error message that lists permitted controls. The control is position sensitive and must occur after condition and before volatility. Add Adds the rule to the current list of rules unless a violation occurs. In some cases, a rule may replace an exist‐ ing rule instead of being added. Rem,Remove Remove the rule from the current list of rules unless a violation occurs. VOLATILITY The volatility determines which device rule set will be affected by the action. It is expressed as a discrete alphanu‐ meric string entered in upper, lower or mixed character case. Failure to enter a known volatility will result in an error message that lists permitted volatilities. The volatility is position sensitive and must occur after control. Temp The temporary rule set will be modified. The temporary rule set resides in the working PIB stored in SDRAM. Perm The permanent rule set will be modified. The permanent rule set resides in the user PIB stored in NVRAM. DEVICES Powerline devices use Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) addresses. A MAC address is a 48-bit value entered as 12 hex‐ adecimal digits in upper, lower or mixed character case. Octets may be separated with colons for clarity. For example, "00b052000001", "00:b0:52:00:00:01" and "00b052:000001" are valid and equivalent. The following MAC addresses are special and may be entered by name instead of number. all Same as "broadcast". broadcast A synonym for the Ethernet broadcast address, FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. All devices, whether local, remote or foreign recognize messages sent to this address. A remote device is any device at the far end of a powerline connection. A foreign device is any device not manufactured by Atheros. local A synonym for the Qualcomm Atheros vendor specific Local Management Address (LMA), 00:B0:52:00:00:01. All local Atheros devices recognize this address but remote and foreign devices do not. A remote device is any device at the far end of a powerline connection. A foreign device is any device not manufactured by Atheros. REFERENCES See the Qualcomm Atheros HomePlug AV Firmware Technical Reference Manual for more information. DISCLAIMER Atheros HomePlug AV Vendor Specific Management Message structure and content is proprietary to Qualcomm Atheros, Ocala FL USA. Consequently, public information is not available. Qualcomm Atheros reserves the right to modify message structure or content in future firmware releases without any obligation to notify or compensate users of this program. EXAMPLES This command adds a temporary classification rule to the classification table on device B00:B0:52:BA:BE:01. The rule instructs the device to drop frames that match either (any) of two conditions. The first condition states that the IPv4 source address is <IP_ADDRESS>. The second conditon states that the IPv4 destination address is <IP_ADDRESS>. # int6krule drop any IPv4SA is <IP_ADDRESS> IPv4DA is <IP_ADDRESS> add temp 00:B0:52:BA:BE:01 Observe that the action, operand and conditions come first then the control and volatility then the affected devices. Up to three conditions may be specified. Keyword order is important. Character case is not important. The following example prints a list of programmed keywords on stdout for reference. The example shown here has been abbreviate due to formatting limitations. # int6krule -s Controls are ’Add’|’Rem’|’Remove’ Volatilities are ’Temp’|’Perm’ Actions are ’CAP0’|’CAP1’|’CAP2’|’CAP3’|’Boost’|...|’StripTX’|’StripRX’|’TagRX’ Operands are ’All’|’Any’|’Always’ Fields are ’EthDA’|’EthSA’|’VLANUP’|’VLANID’|’IPv4TOS’|...|’TCPAck’|’VLANTag’ Operators are ’Is’|’Not’ More example follow: Ethernet Address Rules Ethernet address rules have the following general format: | CAP0 | ANY | EthSA | IS | xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx | ADD | TEMP | xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx | CAP1 | ALL | EthDA | NOT | | REMOVE | PERM | | CAP2 | | CAP3 | | DROP | For example, instruct device 00:B0:52:BA:BE:FF to temporarily add a rule to forward frames from 00:2B:FE:CA:FE:BA at CAP3. Observe Ethernet hardware addresses are used both in the condition and for the affected powerline devices. # int6krule cap3 any ethsa is 00:2b:fe:ca:fe:ba add temp 00:b0;52:ba:be:ff IP Address Rules IP address rules have the following general format: | CAP0 | ANY | IPv4SA | IS | ddd.ddd.ddd.ddd | ADD | TEMP | xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx | CAP1 | ALL | IPv4DA | NOT | | REMOVE | PERM | | CAP2 | | CAP3 | | DROP | For example, instruct device 00:B0:52:BA:BE:FF to permanently remove the rule that drops packets from <IP_ADDRESS>. Notice that the IP address is specified in dotted decimal format but the device address is specified in hexadecimal octet format. Dotted decimal format permits empty and variable length octets but octet delimiters are mandatory. Hexadecimal octet format requires fixed length octets but octet delimiters are optional. # int6krule drop any ipv4sa is <IP_ADDRESS> remove perm 00:b0:52:ba:be:ff IP Protocol Rules IP protocol rules have the following general format: | CAP0 | ANY | IPv4PROT | IS | xxxx | ADD | TEMP | xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx | CAP1 | ALL | | NOT | | REMOVE | PERM | | CAP2 | | CAP3 | | DROP | For example, to instruct device 00:B0:52:BA:BE:FF to permanently add a rule to forward non-IP packets at CAP2. In this example, delmiters have been omitted from the device Ethernet address. # int6krule CAP2 all ipv4prot not 0x0800 add perm 00b052babeff SEE ALSO plc(1), int6krate(1), int6kstat(1), int6ktone(7) CREDITS Charles Maier<EMAIL_ADDRESS>open-plc-utils-0.0.3 November 2013 int6krule(1)


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A/C 2-tier
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Orange Tours and Travels
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Morning Tours and Travels
Zoomcar
Noori
Safari


Gamma correction is the act of compensating the encoded gamma curve so you can display the content properly on your television, monitor or projector. When it comes to computers, generally speaking by default you should assume the sRGB colourspace unless the content itself explicitly tells you otherwise. sRGB is the standard colourspace on consumer monitors and the web, it gives more quantisation steps to the darker tones because the human visual system is more capable of perceiving slightly differences to dark shades of gray than it is to bright shades of gray.
This is the exact same thing we do in telecommunication systems, where we encode audio in a non-linear way to give more quantisation steps to the lower frequencies.
When both ends expect the exact same encoding scheme, you don't need to do anything. The work has already been done. Why am I writing about this then? Well... It's because sRGB is a colourspace derived from Rec.709, which is the HDTV standard and usually the target when it comes to SDR video content.
Rec.709 does not specify a reference display EOTF (electro-optical transfer function), but it has been defined in ITU-R BT.1886 as an equivalent gamma of 2.4 for displays with infinite contrast. The actual curve depends on the display's characteristics to avoid crushing black detail, and the 2.4 figure is only ideal on dark viewing conditions without light from other sources hitting the display.
sRGB has the exact same white point and RGB primaries as Rec.709, but it modifies the EOTF to a gamma function that's approximately a power 2.2 curve (brighter than 2.4). The rationale comes from the fact that computer displays are generally used in moderately lit rooms like offices or bedrooms, so it's beneficial to boost the light up a little bit.
 The Rec.709 content is displayed as it is in TVs and boosted in brightness on computer displays. The assumption that TVs are watched in dark rooms while computer displays are used in bright rooms does make sense.
The problem, though, is that sRGB does not define a power 2.2 EOTF (it's actually a spline between 1 and 2.4 that's only approximately 2.2).
The TVs do not always follow the 2.4 recommendation either. Check any recent TV review on RTINGS and you'll see that the uncalibrated measurements are almost always closer to 2.2.
The sRGB EOTF is indeed very close to a pure power 2.2 EOTF though (as we can see in the image above), but the darker scenes are slightly brighter and the brighter scenes are slightly darker. This means displaying 2.2 content on an sRGB display will make you lose some contrast. The question is, is it noticeable? And if it is, what can we do about it?
If you're still not convinced the difference is easily perceivable, the image below (takan from lagom.nl) should make it very clear.
On the right, the image is being interpreted as if it had a 2.2 power-law gamma curve, corrected to be displayed on a sRGB display. The image becomes darker to counter the fact that the sRGB gamma curve is brighter than a 2.2 power law-curve.
On the left, we have the exact opposite. The image is interpreted as an sRGB image, and corrected to be displayed on a 2.2 power-law gamma curve display. The image becomes brighter to counter the fact that the 2.2 power-law curve is darker than the sRGB gamma curve.
The original image without any modifications is shown in the middle.
If we go by the assumption that video content is mastered at a 2.4 gamma curve display in a dark environment, having the display at 2.2 should be okay if the display is in a moderately lit room. What we want to do with gamma correction (in this case) is preserve the intent taking into consideration the differences between viewing conditions.
Since you're probably reading this on a computer display, let's start with untouched content gamma on an sRGB gamma display:
mpv --no-config --screenshot-format=png
The image looks reasonably fine, it doesn't look like we're getting any black crush and the gradients are smooth. Since we can't compare it to anything yet though, let's leave the conclusions for later.
By default, mpv does not touch SDR content. It simply displays light as it is.
We can, however, force it to perform gamma correction if we give it an ICC profile or set the EOTF with the
mpv --no-config --screenshot-format=png --target-trc=srgb
It might not be easy to see if you're not putting them side by side or switching between them, but now the screenshot looks darker.
Remember, SDR video content is defined by the Rec.709 HDTV standard which has its EOTF defined by BT.1886 (and is equivalent to a power 2.4 gamma curve prior to the modifications related to display contrast).
Doing what we just did tells mpv: "the content has a 2.4 power law gamma curve, my display has a sRGB gamma curve, please do the required corrections". And since the display's EOTF is a brigther curve than 2.4, the content needs to be darkened to preserve the intent.
It's important to note that this only makes sense if the viewing conditions are the same. So only do this if you intend to watch everything at night and with your lights turned off.
Wait, there's more...? Remember when I made sure to say sRGB gamma is just APPROXIMATELY a 2.2 power law curve? Using
You can achieve this by using
mpv --no-config --screenshot-format=png --target-trc=srgb --gamma-factor=1.1
Now we're telling mpv that the display follows sRGB gamma (it's not always the case with monitors, some manufacturers just ignore the sRGB gamma technicality and go for a 2.2 power law gamma), so it compensates the source by making the dark areas slightly darker (because sRGB gamma is slightly brighter than a 2.2 power law curve towards the darker tones) and also makes the bright areas slightly brighter (again to compensate the fact that sRGB gamma is slightly darker towards the brighter tones).
The 1.1 constant comes from the fact that 2.4/1.1 is approximately 2.2, which is what we want.
If you can not spot the differences between this last picture and the first one without any gamma corrections, just open them both in different tabs and switch between them.
Please note though that if you're using mpv to output to a television you do not need to do any of this. TVs do not follow sRGB gamma. They're Rec.709 or Rec.2020 devices.
just send the content as it is and configure the TV itself depending on the viewing conditions (you usually have gamma controls on TVs, either 2 point or 10 point).
The
It's also important to say that the ideal scenario for a computer monitor is having an ICC profile that describes your monitor's characteristics. The gamma curve is not the only thing that's usually slightly off when it comes to consumer level products, most of them have white points that are colder than they should and primaries that vary from being undersaturated (cheaper models) to oversaturated (the premium models with wider gamuts).
This is just my personal preference, but I strongly advise against modifying the source itself before sending it to a TV. Modern TVs offer you enough controls for you to fix whatever you want to change without having to touch the source and potentially reducing your dynamic range or creating some posterisation artifacts.


About
Hi I'm Alejandro. I'm an Electrical Engineer and future full stack developer, I want and thank you in the first place vor visiting my online portfolio. In this page you will be able to see some of the work that I have done as a prospect software developer. Being in the engineering field has encouraged me to start the software development bootcamp at University of Washington and this experience has given me countless tools and skills to create great applications and the drive to keep improving day to day.


JEE Mains Marks Calculator
JEE Mains response key is out, everybody is excited to know their marks and why not after dedicating one / two years of our life, the excitement is obvious but NTA has made calculating marks, a tedious and boring task.
We provide such aspirants a quick and accurate solution to this problem by calculating their score and pointing out their mistakes.
{{firstName}}, Your Score is {{marks}} ( {{positive}} - {{negative}} )
The table provided is specifically made on basics of your response key(pdf) and contain all those questions which you attempted incorrectly
| Question No. | Your Answer | Correct Answer |
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Aliases are email forwarders. An alias can forward email to a mail user or to any email address.
To use an alias or any address besides your own login username in outbound mail, the sending user must be included as a permitted sender for the alias.
| Alias |
Forwards To | Permitted Senders |
|---|
hostmaster@, postmaster@, admin@ and abuse@ email addresses are required on some domains.
Use your box’s mail aliases API to add and remove mail aliases from the command-line or custom services you build.
Usage:
curl -X VERB [-d "parameters"] --user {email}:{password} https://{{hostname}}/admin/mail/aliases[action]
Brackets denote an optional argument. Please note that the POST body parameters
must be URL-encoded.
The email and password given to the --user
option must be an administrative user on this system.
| Verb | Action | |
|---|---|---|
| GET | (none) | Returns a list of existing mail aliases. Adding ?format=json to the URL will give JSON-encoded results. |
| POST | /add | Adds a new mail alias. Required POST-body parameters are address and forwards_to . |
| POST | /remove | Removes a mail alias. Required POST-body parameter is address . |
Try these examples. For simplicity the examples omit the --user me@mydomain.com:yourpassword
command line argument which you must fill in with your email address and password.
# Gives a JSON-encoded list of all mail aliases curl -X GET https://{{hostname}}/admin/mail/aliases?format=json # Adds a new alias curl -X POST -d<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-d<EMAIL_ADDRESS>https://{{hostname}}/admin/mail/aliases/add # Removes an alias curl -X POST -d<EMAIL_ADDRESS>https://{{hostname}}/admin/mail/aliases/remove


public class MiniModel
extends java.lang.Object
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
private IChatRoom |
chatRoom
chat room object
|
private java.util.HashSet<ChatRoom> |
chatrooms
local chat room list
|
(package private) IMiniViewAdapter |
miniModel2ViewAdapter
model to view adapter
|
private IModelAdapter<?> |
modelAdapter
the model to view adapter
|
private Receiver |
receiver
chat receiver object
|
private Receiver |
receiverStub
remote chat receiver stub
|
private User |
user
local user
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
MiniModel(IMiniViewAdapter miniModel2ViewAdapter,
IChatRoom chatRoom,
User user,
Receiver receiver)
Constructor of the minimodel
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
closeRoom(javax.swing.JPanel miniview)
close chat room
|
IChatRoom |
getChatroom()
get chat room
|
java.util.Collection<IReceiver> |
getChatStubs()
get chat connection stub
|
IReceiver |
getReceiver()
get chat connection
|
void |
refresh()
refresh chatroom
|
void |
sendFile(java.io.File file)
send file
|
void |
sendFile(javax.swing.ImageIcon img)
send image
|
void |
sendMsg(java.lang.String text)
send text message
|
void |
sendMsg(java.lang.String username,
java.lang.String text)
send text message to view
|
void |
setChatroom(IChatRoom chatroom)
set the chat room
|
void |
setChatrooms(java.util.HashSet<ChatRoom> chatrooms)
set chat rooms
|
void |
setModelAdapter(IModelAdapter<?> modelAdapter)
set the model to view adapter
|
void |
start()
start running chatroom
|
IMiniViewAdapter miniModel2ViewAdapter
private IChatRoom chatRoom
private Receiver receiver
private Receiver receiverStub
private java.util.HashSet<ChatRoom> chatrooms
private User user
private IModelAdapter<?> modelAdapter
public MiniModel(IMiniViewAdapter miniModel2ViewAdapter, IChatRoom chatRoom, User user, Receiver receiver)
miniModel2ViewAdapter
- the mini model to mini view adapterchatRoom
- the chat room of the mini mvcuser
- the user of the mini mvcreceiver
- the receiver of the mini mvcpublic IChatRoom getChatroom()
public void setChatrooms(java.util.HashSet<ChatRoom> chatrooms)
chatrooms
- chatrooms that currently joinpublic void setModelAdapter(IModelAdapter<?> modelAdapter)
modelAdapter
- the adapter to be setpublic void setChatroom(IChatRoom chatroom)
chatroom
- the chat room to be setpublic IReceiver getReceiver()
public void sendMsg(java.lang.String username, java.lang.String text)
username
- the name of the sendertext
- the message to be sendpublic void refresh()
public void start()
public void closeRoom(javax.swing.JPanel miniview)
miniview
- chat room viewpublic java.util.Collection<IReceiver> getChatStubs() throws java.rmi.RemoteException
java.rmi.RemoteException
- exceptionpublic void sendMsg(java.lang.String text)
text
- txt contentpublic void sendFile(javax.swing.ImageIcon img)
img
- the image to be sendpublic void sendFile(java.io.File file)
file
- the file to be send


This is how you make the initial connection to sharefile API.
connection
=
ShareFileService
.new
("yoursubdomain",
"youremail", "yourpassword")
root
= connection
.root_folder
=>
ShareFolder object that is the root of your
sharefile account
root
.fetch_children
-- call explicitly to avoid
unneeded API calls
root
.children
=> list of ShareFolder and ShareFile objects in the root. Populated by
fetch_children
, otherwise empty list.
connection
.search
("superimportantfile.txt")
=> list of ShareFolder and ShareFile objects matching your search from
sharefile.
# File sharefile-ruby.rb, line 472 def initialize(subdomain,email,password) @subdomain = subdomain @email = email @password = password auth_url = "https://#{@subdomain}.sharefile.com/rest/getAuthID.aspx?username=#{@email}&password=#{@password}&fmt=json" @authid = JSON.parse(open(auth_url).read)["value"] root_id_url = "https://#{@subdomain}.sharefile.com/rest/folder.aspx?op=get&authid=#{@authid}&path=/&fmt=json" @root_id = JSON.parse(open(root_id_url).read)["value"] @root_folder = ShareFolder.new(@root_id, @authid, @subdomain) end
Returns a list of ShareFolder and ShareFile objects.
# File sharefile-ruby.rb, line 484 def search(q) results = [] url = "https://#{@subdomain}.sharefile.com/rest/search.aspx?op=search&query=#{q}&authid=#{@authid}&fmt=json" response = JSON.parse(open(url).read) if response["error"] == false #success response["value"].each do |item| if item["type"] == "folder" results << ShareFolder.new(item["id"], @authid, @subdomain, item) elsif item["type"] == "file" results << ShareFile.new(item["id"], @authid, @subdomain, item) end end return results else #error return response end end


A XMPP server since {since}
{domain}
5222
(Requires TLS Encryption)room.{domain}
{admin_jid}
online (
sessions),
totalIn-Band Registration(registration within a client) is disabled due to spamming, register here
Any XMPP clients will do, here're some suggestions:
For improved security and privacy concern, you're encouraged to host your own XMPP server. You can follow the documentation of Prosody, or use our open-sourced all-in-one prosody docker


--- layout: post title: Lean overheid date: 2012-05-09 12:11:49.000000000 +02:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: - Reviews tags: [] meta: _edit_last: '2' _jetpack_related_posts_cache: a:0:{} author: login: admin email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: gerbrand first_name: Gerbrand last_name: van Dieijen ---
Quite a while, my top posting was about waste at the government. Now something more positive on waste, and other lean subjects: I recently read the book 'Een lean overheid'. The book is in Dutch, and gives a nice introduction on using Lean in government organizations.
Unlike other lean books, translated to Dutch or not, it's written specifically for the Dutch government. I guess most of this information is relevant for Dutch speaking readers, for those that speak English only: I am very fond of using lean at the government. Some people at the UK government seems to be getting it, as well as the US government. Hopefully the government in the Netherlands catches up soon!


374, Free school Street, Hatirpool, Dhaka- 1205, Bangladesh. Mail-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Ph- 01719-258856


 Join us or let us join you to bring this activity futher, more active and hence achieving AGI as fast as we can.
We are taking step towards to do good amount of research and development in AGI, we need more support to go forward, please visit our wiki page to know more.
Cogviki


Yamato Philbeck Residence / in situ studio
- Curated by María Francisca González
- about 14 hours
Houses · Raleigh, United States
- version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"? Architects: in situ studio
- AreaArea of this architecture projectArea: 244.4 ft2
- version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?YearCompletion year of this architecture project Year: 2019
- version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?PhotographsPhotographs: Keith Isaacs
- Contractor Aiello Builders
- Structural engineer Lysaght & Associates Structural Engineers
- Designed for Taka Yamato and Derek Philbeck
More Specs Less Specs
Our clients wanted a modest, affordable house that would highlight the unique nature of the property they had purchased. They love to cook, spend time outdoors, and entertain, so arrival, entry, main living spaces, and connection to the outdoors were very important. The entry space squeezes between two-bedroom volumes and opens to a tall, skylit stair space and an open kitchen, dining, and living space that overlooks the rim of the ravine. Curved walls and ceiling in the entry amplify the feeling of compression and release. The master suite is separated from the living spaces by the stair and is accessed by a thin bridge through the stair space.
The master bathroom has no windows instead, it gathers natural light from a tall skylight volume. The basement houses a two-car garage, storage, mechanical, laundry, and a large den that opens to a lower patio at the forest end of the driveway terrace. The simple formal expression of a box on concrete walls belies the scale and contour of spaces inside the house, and views into the forest ravine from the living room and elevated deck are a surprise realized only upon entry.
Four cast-in-place concrete site walls create a perch for the main volume of the house on the dramatically sloped site and retain terraces that accommodate the entry walk, driveway, lower patio, and site stair from the deck to the rear yard. The structure of the house is made entirely of wood, aside from a handful of delicate steel columns supporting the elevated rear deck.
Exterior materials are humble – unadorned concrete foundations, cementitious siding, stucco, aluminum-clad residential windows, and brake metal. The interior is made of wood floors, painted sheetrock, and simple tile. The house utilizes a handful of passive sustainable “technologies” – natural lighting, natural ventilation, an SPFI envelope, and a white roof. With this simple palette, the house hopes to offer a reminder that good space can be made from the most basic materials.


dig — DNS lookup utility
dig
[@server] [-b
] [address
-c
] [class
-f
] [filename
-k
] [filename
-p
] [port#
-t
] [type
-x
] [addr
-y
] [name:key
-4
] [-6
] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]
dig
[-h
]
dig
[global-queryopt...] [query...]
dig (domain information groper) is a flexible tool for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that were queried. Most DNS administrators use dig to troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality than dig.
Although dig is normally used with command-line
arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup
requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments
and options is printed when the -h
option is given.
Unlike earlier versions, the BIND9 implementation of
dig allows multiple lookups to be issued from the
command line.
Unless it is told to query a specific name server,
dig will try each of the servers listed in
/etc/resolv.conf
.
When no command line arguments or options are given, will perform an NS query for "." (the root).
It is possible to set per-user defaults for dig via
${HOME}/.digrc
. This file is read and any options in it
are applied before the command line arguments.
A typical invocation of dig looks like:
dig @server name type
where:
server
is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can be an IPv4
address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6
address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied
server
argument is a hostname,
dig resolves that name before querying that name
server. If no server
argument is provided,
dig consults /etc/resolv.conf
and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the name
server that responds is displayed.
name
is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.
type
indicates what type of query is required —
ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc.
type
can be any valid query type. If no
type
argument is supplied,
dig will perform a lookup for an A record.
The -b
option sets the source IP address of the query
to address
. This must be a valid address on
one of the host's network interfaces or "<IP_ADDRESS>" or "::". An optional port
may be specified by appending "#<port>"
The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the
-c
option. class
is any valid
class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for CHAOSNET records.
The -f
option makes dig operate
in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the
file filename
. The file contains a number of
queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organised in
the same way they would be presented as queries to
dig using the command-line interface.
If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the
-p
option is used. port#
is
the port number that dig will send its queries
instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used
to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries
on a non-standard port number.
The -4
option forces dig to only
use IPv4 query transport. The -6
option forces
dig to only use IPv6 query transport.
The -t
option sets the query type to
type
. It can be any valid query type which is
supported in BIND9. The default query type "A", unless the
-x
option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup.
A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When
an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required,
type
is set to ixfr=N
.
The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone
since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was
N
.
Reverse lookups - mapping addresses to names - are simplified by the
-x
option. addr
is an IPv4
address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address.
When this option is used, there is no need to provide the
name
, class
and
type
arguments. dig
automatically performs a lookup for a name like
<IP_ADDRESS>.in-addr.arpa
and sets the query type and
class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are
looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain.
To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain
specify the -i
option. Bit string labels (RFC2874)
are now experimental and are not attempted.
To sign the DNS queries sent by dig and their
responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file
using the -k
option. You can also specify the TSIG
key itself on the command line using the -y
option;
name
is the name of the TSIG key and
key
is the actual key. The key is a base-64
encoded string, typically generated by dnssec-keygen(8).
Caution should be taken when using the -y
option on
multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from
ps(1
) or in the shell's history file. When
using TSIG authentication with dig, the name
server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is
being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate
key and server statements in
named.conf
.
dig provides a number of query options which affect the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout and retry strategies.
Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign
(+
). Some keywords set or reset an option. These may be preceded
by the string no
to negate the meaning of that keyword. Other
keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They
have the form +keyword=value
.
The query options are:
+[no]tcp
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default behaviour is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is requested, in which case a TCP connection is used.
+[no]vc
Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate
syntax to +[no]tcp
is provided for backwards
compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".
+[no]ignore
Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP. By default, TCP retries are performed.
+domain=somename
Set the search list to contain the single domain
somename
, as if specified in a
domain directive in
/etc/resolv.conf
, and enable search list
processing as if the +search
option were given.
+[no]search
Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or domain
directive in resolv.conf
(if any).
The search list is not used by default.
+[no]defname
Deprecated, treated as a synonym for +[no]search
+[no]aaonly
Sets the "aa" flag in the query.
+[no]aaflag
A synonym for +[no]aaonly
.
+[no]adflag
Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. The AD bit currently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in queries, but the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for completeness.
+[no]cdflag
Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query. This requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of responses.
+[no]cl
Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record.
+[no]ttlid
Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record.
+[no]recurse
Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the query.
This bit is set by default, which means dig
normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically disabled
when the +nssearch
or
+trace
query options are used.
+[no]nssearch
When this option is set, dig attempts to find the authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name being looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has for the zone.
+[no]trace
Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers for the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When tracing is enabled, dig makes iterative queries to resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from the root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used to resolve the lookup.
+[no]cmd
toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output identifying the version of dig and the query options that have been applied. This comment is printed by default.
+[no]short
Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a verbose form.
+[no]identify
Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that supplied the
answer when the +short
option is enabled. If
short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the
source address and port number of the server that provided the answer.
+[no]comments
Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default is to print comments.
+[no]stats
This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the query was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default behaviour is to print the query statistics.
+[no]qr
Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. By default, the query is not printed.
+[no]question
Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an answer is returned. The default is to print the question section as a comment.
+[no]answer
Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The default is to display it.
+[no]authority
Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The default is to display it.
+[no]additional
Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply. The default is to display it.
+[no]all
Set or clear all display flags.
+time=T
Sets the timeout for a query to
T
seconds. The default time out is 5 seconds.
An attempt to set T
to less than 1 will result
in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.
+tries=T
Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to
T
instead of the default, 3. If
T
is less than or equal to zero, the number of
tries is silently rounded up to 1.
+retry=T
Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to
T
instead of the default, 2. Unlike
+tries
, this does not include the initial
query.
+ndots=D
Set the number of dots that have to appear in
name
to D
for it to be
considered absolute. The default value is that defined using the
ndots statement in /etc/resolv.conf
, or 1 if no
ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as
relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in the
search
or domain
directive in
/etc/resolv.conf
.
+bufsize=B
Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to
B
bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes of this
buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside this range are
rounded up or down appropriately.
+[no]multiline
Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line format with human-readable comments. The default is to print each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing of the dig output.
+[no]fail
Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The default is to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub resolver behaviour.
+[no]besteffort
Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed. The default is to not display malformed answers.
+[no]dnssec
Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section of the query.
+[no]sigchase
Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
+trusted-key=####
Specifies a file containing trusted keys to be used with
+sigchase
. Each DNSKEY record must be
on its own line.
If not specified dig will look for
/etc/trusted-key.key
then
trusted-key.key
in the current directory.
Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
+[no]topdown
When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top down validation. Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.
The BIND 9 implementation of dig supports
specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to
supporting the -f
batch file option). Each of those
queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query
options.
In this case, each query
argument represent an
individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each
consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be
looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that
should be applied to that query.
A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries,
can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the
first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options
supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except
the +[no]cmd
option) can be
overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example:
dig +qr www.isc.org any -x <IP_ADDRESS> isc.org ns +noqr
shows how dig could be used from the command line
to make three lookups: an ANY query for www.isc.org
, a
reverse lookup of <IP_ADDRESS> and a query for the NS records of
isc.org
.
A global query option of +qr
is applied, so
that dig shows the initial query it made for each
lookup. The final query has a local query option of
+noqr
which means that dig
will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for
isc.org
.


If you wanted to get rich.
I think your best bet would be to start or join a startup. That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years.
I think your best bet would be to start or join a startup. That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years.
That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years.The word "startup" dates from the 1960s, but what happens in one is very similar.
That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years.The word "startup" dates from the 1960s.
That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years.The word "startup" dates from the 1960s.
I think your best bet would be to start or join a startup. That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years.
That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years.The word "startup" dates from the 1960s, but what happens in one is very similar.
That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years.The word "startup" dates from the 1960s.
That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years.The word "startup" dates from the 1960s.
I think your best bet would be to start or join a startup. That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years.
That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years.The word "startup" dates from the 1960s, but what happens in one is very similar.
That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years.The word "startup" dates from the 1960s.
That's been a reliable way to get rich for hundreds of years.The word "startup" dates from the 1960s.
Jack on I think your best bet would be to start or join a startup. 2 hours
Jack on I think your best bet would be to start or join a startup. 2 hours
Jack on I think your best bet would be to start or join a startup. 2 hours
Jack on I think your best bet would be to start or join a startup. 2 hours
Jack on I think your best bet would be to start or join a startup. 2 hours


EXPECT MORE
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ORDER!
YOUR ORDER IS IN PROGRESS.

MAIN MENU
ORDER MENU


This is paragraph 1, class main
This is paragraph 2, no class
This is paragraph 3, class sub
This is paragraph 4, no class
This paragraph is OUTSIDE the DIV


Hunger
The Vampire's hunger for blood allows him to regrow their fangs at a much faster rate.
^a${value} Second(s) Recharge
-1 -1.3 -1.6 -1.9 -2.2 -2.5 -2.8 -3.1 -3.4 -3.7 -4
+${value}% Pierce Damage
16 28 40 52 64 76 88 100 112 124 136 148
MaxLevel
8
UltimateLevel
12


Current Fronters:
Shift click or click here to select multiple
Loading...
Switched to
Someone
Someone
is already in front!
Invalid Token!
Something went wrong (200)
Use the command pk;token
with pluralkit to get your token, then paste it in the box. You can then click on members to switch them to front


Functions for constructing simultaneous credible bands and identifying subsets via the "credible subsets" (also called "credible subgroups") method.
| Version: | 1.0 |
| Suggests: | ff, shiny |
| Published: | 2017-07-14 |
| Author: | Patrick Schnell, Brad Carlin |
| Maintainer: | Patrick Schnell <schnell.31 at osu.edu> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | credsubs results |
| Reference manual: | credsubs.pdf |
| Package source: | credsubs_1.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: credsubs_1.0.zip, r-release: credsubs_1.0.zip, r-oldrel: credsubs_1.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: credsubs_1.0.tgz, r-oldrel: credsubs_1.0.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=credsubs to link to this page.


This table contains entries for a few representative zinc finger proteins in the UniProt database. Links are provided to view the original UniProt protein entries and their display in InterPro.
|
|
UniProt
|
Protein name |
Organism |
InterPro Domain Architecture
|
InterPro Graphical Match |
Function
|
|
C2H2-type |
|
Transcription factor IIIA |
Xenopus borealis
Kenyan clawed frog |
Transcription factor for 5S RNA genes |
||
|
|
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 |
Homo sapiens
|
Activates cAMP-responsive
element |
|||
|
|
|
Forkhead box protein P2 |
Homo sapiens
|
Transcriptional repressor |
||
|
GATA_type |
Erythroid transcription factor |
Homo sapiens
|
Activates globin genes in erythroid cells |
|||
|
|
Metastasis-associated protein MTA3 |
Mus musculus Mouse |
Repression of SNAI1 transcription |
|||
|
|
|
Nitrogen regulatory protein areA |
Emericella nidulans Fungus |
Nitrogen metabolite repression |
||
|
RanBP‑type |
E3 SUMO-protein ligase RanBP2 |
Homo sapiens
|
Facilitates SUMO1 and SUMO2 conjugation by UBE2I |
|||
|
|
Calpain-15 |
Homo sapiens
|
Peptidase |
|||
|
|
Ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 Mdm2 |
Homo sapiens
|
Inhibits TP53/p53- and TP73/p73-mediated cell cycle arrest
and apoptosis |
|||
|
A20‑type |
AN1-type zinc finger protein 5 |
Mus musculusMouse |
|
|||
|
|
Rab5 GDP/GTP exchange factor |
Homo sapiens
|
Rab effector
protein |
|||
|
|
Zinc finger A20 and AN1 domain-containing stress-associated protein 4 |
Arabidopsis thalianaMouse-ear cress |
Environmental stress response |
|||
|
LIM‑type |
Protein lin-11 |
Caenorhabditis elegansNematode worm |
Required for asymmetric division of vulval
blast cells |
|||
|
|
Insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1 |
Homo sapiens
|
Binds insulin gene enhancer. |
|||
|
|
Mechanosensory protein 3 |
Caenorhabditis elegansNematode worm |
Specifies differentiation of touch receptor neurons |
|||
|
MYND‑type |
Protein CBFA2T1 |
Homo sapiens
|
Transcription factor |
|||
|
|
Drosophila melanogasterFruit fly |
|
||||
|
|
Homo sapiens
|
Binds promoter of HNRPA2B1 gene |
||||
|
RING‑type |
Mdm4 protein |
Homo sapiens
|
Inhibits p53- and p73-mediated cell cycle arrest and
apoptosis |
|||
|
|
Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein homolog |
Rattus norvegicus
Rat |
DNA repair |
|||
|
|
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL |
Homo sapiens
|
Signal transduction in hematopoietic
cells |
|||
|
PHD‑type |
Autoimmune regulator |
Homo sapiens
|
Transcription regulator |
|||
|
|
Transcription intermediary factor 1-beta |
Homo sapiens
|
Increases KRAB-mediated repression. |
|||
|
|
PHD finger protein 8 |
Mus musculusMouse |
|
|||
|
TAZ‑type |
CREB-binding protein |
Mus musculusMouse |
Acetyltransferase enzyme |
|||
|
|
Histone acetyltransferase p300 |
Homo sapiens
|
Histone acetyltransferase |
|||
|
|
|
Caenorhabditis elegansNematode worm |
Acetyltransferase enzyme |


Uses of Class
net.aifusion.asn.AsnNode
Package
Description
This package contains a partial implementation an ASN.1 parser and classes to manage ASN.1 values.
-
Uses of AsnNode in net.aifusion.asn
Modifier and TypeMethodDescriptionAdd a child node to this nodeAsnNode.getChild
(int index) Get a given childSymbol.getDefinition()
Get the definition for this symbolSymbolTable.getDefinition
(String name) Get the definition of a symbolAsnProduction.getNode()
Get an AST node corresponding to this productionGet an AST node corresponding to this productionGet an AST node corresponding to this productionGet an AST node corresponding to this productionGet the node where a type is definedGet the primitive type associated with a symbolGet the node where a value is definedAsnNode.locate
(AsnProduction production, String name) Locate a node corresponding to a given name and production starting at this nodeAsnNode.locateType
(String name) Locate the node corresponding to the type for a given nameParse a file for ASN.1 ModulesParse a file for ASN.1 ModulesModifier and TypeMethodDescriptionAsnNode.getChildren()
Get the children of this nodeAsnModule.getTypes()
get a hashmap containing all know types in this moduleAsnModule.getValues()
Get a hashmap containing all known values in this moduleModifier and TypeMethodDescriptionAdd a child node to this nodevoid
Add a type to known typesvoid
Add a value to known valuesvoid
AsnNode.reduce
(AsnNode searchRoot, PrintStream f) Add values to this subtree for defined constantsvoid
Symbol.setDefinition
(AsnNode definition) Set the definition for this symbolvoid
SymbolTable.setDefinition
(String name, AsnNode definition) Set the definition of a symbolstatic void
AsnParser.showTree
(AsnNode n, String indent, PrintStream f) Create a tree representation of all nodes in the query parse tree


Top 3 Ruby Developer Goals
- Functionality
- Fast Development
- Readable + Maintainable Code
What is not a major goal? Speed.
Yes, speed is important. As programmers, we should keep in mind that certain methods take longer than others. However, don't sweat it too much. Execution speed is for the C++ people. After the program is created, we can look back and see where the bottlenecks appear in our code. Rather than spending hours upfront on something that might not even matter, lets focus on keeping our code legible.
When it comes to looping, Ruby has a bunch of different ways to tackle the problem, so how do we determine the right way to do it? Readable + Maintainable Code.
If you spend too much time testing each method for speed, your goal of Fast Development will suffer. Write your code, determine if it functions properly, and refactor if it will be hard for another programmer to read. Bottlenecks will be discovered and reworked during final testing and again once the site goes live.


The mission of the Computer Engineering Department is to provide educational programs that would encourage students to read critically, reason analytically, communicate persuasively, apply professionally and prepare them to excel in the field of computing.
The vision of the Computer Engineering Department is to recognize itself as renowned department in the field of technical education in Computer Engineering and strives to carry out the superior level of research based on the quality, innovation and excellence; with the help of its stakeholders viz. the students, research scholars, faculty members, the support staff and the alumni.


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In Guatemala City, the average January minimum is 11° C (52° F ) and the maximum 23° C (73° F ); the average minimum and maximum temperatures in July .
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Current and forecast weather conditions for Antigua including seasonal . Topics include Dining Scene, Guatemala: For Foreign Visitors & more! . the city from getting too hot in the summer, the average daytime temperature all year 'round .
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Information on Guatemala's climate zones and the seasons. . "Rainy season" does not mean, however, that it rains all day long. On a typical day, there is .
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The chart above shows mean historical monthly temperature and rainfall for Guatemala during the time period 1960-1990. The dataset was produced by the .
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In the regular mask, the QSO spatial region is assumed to be a square region around the QSO centre. Thus, its width can only be an odd number of spaxels, like 1,3,5, etc., which can be adjusted via the QSO Box size. The spatial region for the host spectrum is assumed to be a shell around the QSO region which can have a width of 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. spaxels. If the QSO centre was not automatically set properly, please set the QSO centre manually to the appropriate spaxel as explained previously (4.2.3).
Regular regions may not optimal, for example due to bad spaxels, so that regions need to be defined specifically for the data. In this case, choose the Custom Masks option. In the Cube Viewer Widget you can select either the QSO or host region in the Select Mouse Mode and save them by clicking on the corresponding Save button. In order to change already saved regions you can click on the Change button which automatically switch to the Select Mouse Mode and the spaxel of the stored region appear selected in Cube Viewer Widget. These selection of spaxels can then be changed and saved again by clicking on the corresponding Save button.
To be aware of the selected spatial region you can check the Show Mask box, which will highlight the QSO region as red dashed spaxels and the host region as blue dashed spaxels.


It looks like magic, but it's a Regression model. Trained on the data from the database.
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Jurism Tech: The Legal Resource Registry
Jurism Tech: The Legal Resource Registry
This is the first of a series of posts describing the architecture behind Jurism’s features. These will serve as an aide-mémoire for myself, as documentation for interested users, and as a reference for developers, librarians, and others contributing to the Jurism ecosystem. This installment covers the Legal Resource Registry (LRR), which is at the core of Jurism’s support for law. If you want to know how Jurism produces legal citations, this is a good place to start.
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🔗 Jurisdiction identifiers
There is an important difference between the general principles of citation in any comprehensive style guide, and the rules of citation for legal materials. The former describe patterns of citation to be applied to all materials of a particular type. The patterns themselves may vary. Consider how a journal article would appear in a bibliography formatted in three common styles:
-
Chicago (note style)
Gilmore, Grant. “Law, Logic and Experience.” Howard Law Journal 3 (1957): 26–41. -
APA
Gilmore, G. (1957). Law, Logic and Experience. Howard Law Journal, 3, 26–41. -
Bluebook
Grant Gilmore, Law, Logic and Experience, 3 Howard L.J. 26 (1957).
In contrast, legal citations for a given jurisdiction will be roughly uniform across all “parent” styles, but there is variation among jurisdictions. For example, consider the following citations to court judgments, all of which would be correct in any of the three styles above:
-
United States (Supreme Court)
International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310 (1945). -
United Kingdom (House of Lords)
Donoghue v. Stevenson, [1932] A.C. 562 (HL). -
Germany (Bundesgerichtshof)
BGH IV ZR 241/18.
To cope with the confluence of format-by-style and format-by-jurisdiction requirements, the “JM” styles in Jurism render legal items by first calling a jurisdiction-specific style module to obtain a set of “building-block” citation elements, and then assembling them with markup and punctuation appropriate to the parent style.[1] In broad outline, the workflow looks like this:
This scheme is made possible by a Jurisdiction field set on each legal item. Jurism uses a machine-readable identifier set in this field (discussed below) to select a style module appropriate to the item.
One critical role of the LRR is to supply these essential jurisdiction identifiers, and a human-readable name for each.
🔗 Court abbreviations
In citations to U.S. law, court abbreviations come in two flavors. One is the form used to indicate the court when citing to a multi-jurisdictional reporter. The abbreviated name in this case is an amalgam that to the educated eye expresses both the court and its jurisdiction:
- Lafond v. Sweeney, 343 P.3d 939 (Colo. 2015).
- Begley v. Ireson, 399 P.3d 777 (Colo. Ct. App. 2017).
- Pielet v. Pielet, 978 N.E.2d 1000 (Ill. 2012).
- McCarthy v. Pointer, 3 N.E.3d 852 (Ill. App. Ct. 2014).
- Fallini v. Hodel, 725 F. Supp. 1113 (D. Nev. 1989).
- In Re Moore, 290 B.R. 287 (Bankr. E.D.N.C. 2003).
- Edwards v. Ayers, 542 F.3d 759 (9th Cir. 2008).
The second possible form is that used in a dozen or so U.S. jurisdictions to indicate the court in a “vendor-neutral” citation form:
- Lafond v. Sweeney, 2015 CO 3.
- Begley v. Ireson, 2017 COA 3.
- Pielet v. Pielet, 2012 IL 112064.
- McCarthy v. Pointer, 2013 IL App (1st) 121688.
To generate these various abbreviations, Jurism sets a machine-readable code in the Court field, which is used together with the jurisdiction code to look up the correct abbreviation for a given citation.
A second critical role of the LRR is to supply a label and a machine-readable identifier for each court type and, for each jurisdiction having a court of that type, to provide up to two abbreviations for it in that context.
🔗 Reporters and abbreviations
To keep citations compact and clear, citation styles call for abbreviations to be partially or completely suppressed in some contexts, to avoid repetition. If a reporter is entirely dedicated to decisions of a particular court, the court abbreviation is omitted entirely in the parenthetical below:
- Gedra v. Dallmer Co., 153 Ohio St. 258 (1950).
If a reporter covers decisions of multiple courts in a parent jurisdiction, the court type is indicated, but specific reference to the parent jurisdiction is omitted:
- Kashian v. Harriman, 120 Cal. Rptr. 2d 576 (Ct. App. 2002).
In one unusual case (Ohio), the core portion of a vendor-neutral citation form conveys only the state-level jurisdiction. In this case as well, reference to the parent jurisdiction is omitted:
- Lanzer v. Louisville, 2016-Ohio-8071 (11th Dist.).
Finally, it can happen that certain reporters, because of their form of publication, require a distinctive citation format. For example, compare the following two formats for citations to a decision of the German Federal Administrative Court:
Ordinary citation
- BVerwG, NVwZ 1999, 296
| BVerwG | Court name (Bundesverwaltungsgericht) |
| NVwZ | Journal name (Neue Zeitschrift für Verwaltungsrecht |
| 1999 | Year of report |
| 296 | Page |
Specially formatted citation
- BVerwG, Beschl. v. 9.1.1999 – Buchholz 310 § 65 VwGO Nr. 131, S. 2.
| BVerwG | Court name (Bundesverwaltungsgericht) |
| Beschl. | Disposition type (Beschluss = judgment) |
| v. 9.1.1999 | Date of disposition |
| Bucholz | Reporter name (Buchholz, und Nachschlagewerk der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverwaltungsgerichts = Bucholz, “A Reference Work on the Case Law of the Federal Administrative Court”) |
| section 310 | Section within the reporter |
| § 65 VwGO | Paragraph and statute applied (Verwaltungsgerichtsordnung = Administrative Code) |
| decision no. 131 | Number of decision within Bucholz (not unique) |
| S. 2 | Page |
The role of the LRR in addressing the requirements described in this section is to provide hints for the full or partial suppression of certain portions court abbreviations, and for application of alternative formatting, depending on the core element of a citation (whether that be a reporter name or a vendor-neutral abbreviation).
🔗 Identifier formats
The structure of Jurism jurisdiction and court identifiers loosely follows one portion of the draft URN:LEX specification submitted to the IETF by Spinosa, Francesconi, and Lupo.[2] An instance of a court or other body is identified by two elements: a “jurisdiction;” and a “court.” When the two are combined for processing, they are joined with a semicolon:
<jurisdiction identifier>
;<court identifier>
Jurisdiction identifiers (more accurately “domain identifiers”) consist of one or more elements, each composed of lowercase roman letters and periods, joined by a colon delimiter (no other characters are permitted). An identifier with two or more elements expresses a nested set of domains, with the leftmost being the largest and the rightmost the smallest. The relationship between parent and child domains is otherwise indeterminate. It may be one of procedural hierarchy …
us |
United States | US |
us:c9 |
US | Ninth Federal Appellate Circuit |
us:c9:ca.cd |
US | Ninth Federal Appellate Circuit | Central District of California |
… or a child domain may simply be a container of convenience to group together courts and other entities that are under the parent’s jurisdiction …
us |
United States | US |
us:fed |
US | Various federal courts and tribunals |
Court identifiers represent a court of a particular type, such as “District Court” or “Court of Appeals,” which may be associated with multiple jurisdictions. The identifier is composed of roman characters and periods. There are no particular rules for composition of the court identifier, other than that it must be unique to a given body within a given top-level domain. For example:
sc |
Supreme Court |
district.court |
District Court |
Where a court has divisions that are included in citations, the
court identifier can be extended by an additional element separated
by a tilde (~
):
ecj~chamber.1 |
European Court of Justice, First Chamber |
cass~civ.1 |
Cour de cassassion 1re chambre civil |
The primary purpose of the LRR is to support the organization and citation of materials. A jurisdiction identifier is not intended as a firm statement about procedure or institutional structure. Extended identifiers for court divisions are included only if relevant to citation requirements.
🔗 LRR source files
The Legal Resource Registry supports two specific features of a larger system: the orderly selection of jurisdictions and courts in the Jurism user interface; and the correct application of abbreviations in automatically generated citations. The first is readily apparent when the down-arrow is pressed or text is typed into the Jurisdiction and Court fields of the Jurism client:
The second role of the LRR is to supply court-in-context abbreviations for legal citations in the various forms illustrated under Court abbreviations above.
Filename
Each top-level jurisdiction supported by Jurism is represented by a single source file, named for the domain that it covers. Domains are either the two-character ISO code of a country, or a string (composed of roman letters and periods) identifying an international organization.
- juris-
<domain>
-desc.json
Context
The content of the source file is “exported” to a set of intermediate source files used to build the Jurism client. As context for the comments below, please note the following:
- Citations are generated from a set of CSL-M variables;
- Jurism abbreviates variables depending their abbreviation category (the table below lists the categories and their respective variables);
- The name of the Reporter field in the citation processor is
container-title
; - The name of the Court field in the citation processor is
authority
; - In the LRR, court abbreviations set with the
abbrev
key are set on theinstitution-part
category; and - Court abbreviations set with the
ABBREVS
key are set on theinstitution-entire
category.
| Abbreviation category | CSL-M variables or category description |
|---|---|
classic |
abbrevs apply to items of the classic type. The value must be set by the user in the Jurism Abbrevs Filter to take effect. |
collection-title |
collection-title |
container-title |
container-title , archive |
hereinafter |
available on any item for which a hereinafter form is called by the processor. The value must be set by the user in the Jurism Abbrevs Filter to take effect. |
institution-entire |
publisher , and institutional creator names (including the authority variable) called with the attribute form="short" |
institution-part |
publisher , and institutional creator names (including the authority variable) called with the attribute institution-parts="short" |
nickname |
intended for the narrow use case of replacing a single individual’s name with a phrase such as “the author” in citations to correspondence and the like. The value must be set by the user in the Jurism Abbrevs Filter to take effect. |
number |
number , call-number , chapter-number , collection-number , edition , page , issue , locator , locator-extra , number-of-pages , number-of-volumes , volume , citation-number (For these numeric variables, abbreviation is only enabled—or should only be enabled—if the variable content is non-numeric.) |
place |
country , place , archive-place , publisher-place , event-place , jurisdiction , language-name , language-name-original |
title |
title , title-short , genre , event , medium |
File content
Lines 2, 8 & 32: There are three top-level keys in an LRR source file:
langs
;courts
: andjurisdictions
. Thelangs
object specifies which alternative languages should be included in the output of the LRR export script. If the object is empty, only the default values will be output. The full text of this sample can be found in Appendix 1: Sample LRR source file.
{
"langs": {
Lines 3-6: If alternative languages are to be generated for abbreviations (see Abbreviations above) or the client UI (see User Interface Maps above), their ISO language codes are set as keys in the
langs
object, with an array specifying the desired output targets.
"fr": [
"ui",
"abbrevs"
]
},
Lines 8-31: The
courts
object sets the identifier codes of the courts within this jurisdiction, and their abbreviation equivalents.
"courts": {
Lines 9-18: This entry for the
ca
court illustrates the basic syntax of mappings and variants.
"ca": {
Lines 10-12: Entries have up to three mappings:
name
is the human-readable name of the court, shown in the Jurism user interface.abbrev
is the abbreviation set for this court ininstitution-part
entries of the abbreviation file(s) generated from this source. The%s
placeholder will be replaced with the name or abbreviation of the jurisdiction(s) associated with this court.ABBREV
is the identifier set for this court ininstitution-entire
entries of the abbreviations file(s) generated from this source, again with a%s
placeholder for the jurisdiction name or abbreviation.
"name": "Court of Appeal",
"abbrev": "%s Ct. App.",
"ABBREV": "%sCA"
Lines 13-17: Entries can have a
variants
object, with keys matching language codes set inlangs
above. Mappings set for a variant override the default values for the target language domain. In this case, Cour d’appel will replace the default name Court of Appeal when French is set as the preferred language of the Jurism user interface. Abbreviation output is unaffected by this entry: the default values above will be used for both English and French citation output.
"variants": {
"fr": {
"name": "Cour d'appel"
}
}
},
Lines 19-30: This entry for the
sc
court illustrates a variant override ofabbrev
andABBREV
values in addition toname
.
"sc": {
"name": "Supreme Court",
"abbrev": "Sup. Ct.",
"ABBREV": "SC",
"variants": {
"fr": {
"name": "Cour suprême",
"abbrev": "Cour sup.",
"ABBREV": "CS"
}
}
}
},
Line 32-67: The
jurisdictions
object sets the user-interface names and abbreviations for each jurisdiction, and specifies which courts are associated with it.
"jurisdictions": {
Lines 33 & 34-41: Like courts, jurisdictions have a
name
value, optionally values forabbrev
andABBREV
, and possibly avariants
object. Note that in the sample below, although Laputa has anABBREV
value for its courts, there is no value forABBREV
in this jurisdiction entry. This is normally the case for a top-level jurisdiction: theABBREV
for top-level court names will not ordinarily contain a%s
placeholder, so there is no need.
"zz": {
"name": "Laputa",
"abbrev": "Lap.",
"variants": {
"fr": {
"name": "Láputa",
"abbrev": "Láp."
}
},
Lines 42-44: Courts are associated with a jurisdiction by setting the court code as key in the jurisdiction’s
courts
object. In the simplest (and most common) case, the value set on the key is an empty object. This will associate all of the values of thesc
court configured above with this context, including its multilingual variants.
"courts": {
"sc": {}
},
Lines 45-47: Abbreviations in the container-title category are applied to journal names. In an ordinary entry, the mapping is simply from the variable content (as key) to the abbreviation (as value). The entry at line 20 prepends a formatting statement to suppress the
authority
variable, which holds the court name or code in data received by the citation processor. Although it will rarely, if ever, be required, multiple variables can be suppressed by setting them as a comma-delimited list. The syntax of the suppression statement is therefore:
- !
<variable>[
,<variable>]
>>>This statement will suppress the court name (or its abbreviation) in any citation to the Laputa Reports journal. This is appropriate if Laputa Reports carries only Supreme Court judgments, so …
- Jones v. Smith, 12 All Lap. 34 (Sup. Ct. 1999).
… but …
- Noakes v. Stoakes, 56 Lap. Rep. 78 (2000).
"container-title": {
"Laputa Reports": "!authority>>>Lap. Rep."
}
},
Line 49: The
ca
court set on this child jurisdiction contains a%s
placeholder in itsabbrev
and in itsABBREV
values, which will be replaced with the corresponding values set here on thezz:atl
jurisdiction. This may be overridden—see the note to lines 53–61 below.
"zz:atl": {
"name": "Atlantis",
"abbrev": "Atl.",
"ABBREV": "ATL",
Lines 53-61: This illustrates a pattern that may be required to address special language requirements. In this case, the adjectival form of the noun “Atlantis” is required, so substitution will not suffice. The big-hammer solution is to specify the entire value of
abbrev
for the court, as we do here for French output only.
"courts": {
"ca": {
"variants": {
"fr": {
"abbrev": "Cour d'app. Atlantienne"
}
}
}
},
Line 63: This entry illustrates partial suppression of a court name. The syntax is the same that for full suppression, but with a string set off from the variable name with a colon:
- !
<variable>[
:<string>][
,<variable>[
:<string>]]
>>>The effect of this statement will be to remove “Atl.” from the
authority
variable when it is rendered in the cite. This is appropriate if Atlantis Decisions covers multiple courts within the Atlantis jurisdiction: the jurisdiction hint in the abbreviated court name will be removed, and only the court name itself, if any, will remain. So …
- Anderson v. Biggles, 12 All Lap. 34 (Atl. Ct. App. 1999).
… but …
- Comstock v. Drub, 56 Atl. Dec. 78 (Ct. App. 2000).
"container-title": {
"Atlantis Decisions": "!authority:Atl.>>>Atl. Dec.",
Line 64: A hash mark followed by a number as a formatting statement sets the number as the value of a
cite-form
variable in the citation processor. The variable can be tested in CSL-M style code to apply custom formatting for cites to this particular journal.
"Poseidon Service": "#1>>>Poseidon Serv."
}
}
}
}
🔗 jurisupdate
: the LRR export script
Source files in the Legal Resource Registry must be exported for digestion by the Jurism client. The client is distributed with a ready-to-run set of jurisdiction files bundled in. These can be modified by fetching a copy of the LRR, editing the LRR source files, and running the LRR export script. This section explains how to do that.
🔗 Setting up
The first step in setting up is to fork the LRR project to your own GitHub account, by visiting the LRR project page and clicking on the Fork button:
After forking the project, fetch your project address from your own project page to the clipboard:
Use git
with the project address to clone the project to a location of your choice:
shell> git clone https://github.com/XXXXXXX/legal-resource-registry.git
Set the original “upstream” LRR project as a remote partner to your clone. (This makes is possible to keep your clone current with any upstream changes):
shell> git remote add upstream https://github.com/Juris-M/legal-resource-registry.git
For good measure, issue the command to pull in upstream changes. You should issue this command each time you begin work in the clone, to be sure the upstream project has not changed in the meantime:
shell> git pull upstream master
Enter the scripts
subdirectory of the project folder, install dependencies, and link the maintenance script (jurisupdate
) to your command environment:
shell> cd legal-resource-registry/scripts
shell> npm install
shell> npm link
At this point, running the jurisupdate
command should yield the following error:
shell> jurisupdate
ERROR: path.jurisSrcDir is undefined in /PATH/TO/HOME/DIRECTORY/.jurisUpdate
The final step in setup is to set several path names in the .jurisUpdate
configuration
file shown in the error message, using a text editor. The file content will initially look
like this, with null
values for the paths:
{
"path": {
"jurisSrcDir": null,
"jurisMapDir": null,
"jurisAbbrevsDir": null
}
}
The paths should be set as follows:
jurisSrcDir
- Set
jurisSrcDir
to the path of thesrc
subdirectory of your cloned copy of the LRR.
jurisMapDir and jurisAbbrevsDir
- Set these paths to the directories to which Jurism map and abbreviation files should be written by the
jurisupdate
export script. In most cases, these will be thejuris-maps
andjuris-abbrevs
subdirectories of the Jurism data directory, which you can confirm in the client via Preferences → Advanced → Files & Folders. (Developers building the Jurism client code from scratch may wish to set these to the respective directories of the client source.)
With these adjustments in place, the jurisupdate
command should return the following
error message:
shell> jurisupdate
ERROR: One of -a or -j is required.
If that all checks out, setup is complete and you’re ready to go.
🔗 Commands
Running the jurisupdate
command with the -h
option will show its help text:
shell> jurisupdate -h
Usage: index.js <options>
-a, --all
Perform requested operation on all jurisdictions.
-j <jurisdictionID>, --jurisdiction=<jurisdictionID>
Perform requested operation on the specified jurisdiction.
-c, --convert
Convert from old descriptive format to new descriptive format
-l, --list
List codes for all international organizations and countries [with their languages]
-F --force
Force overwrite of same data for descriptive-to-compact.
To make changes to the Jurism identifier system, you will edit source files in the LRR, and run the following command to make your changes available when the Jurism client is (re)started:
shell> jurisupdate -a
Alternatively, you can limit an update to a particular jurisdiction by setting its code with the -j
option:
shell> jurisupdate -j vn
🔗 Coordination
If you do edit the LRR for local use, be sure to submit your changes to the main project, so they can be folded into a future release. First commit the changes to your LRR fork:
shell> git commit -m "Changes to abbreviations for ZZ (Laputa)" -a
shell> git push
Then file a pull request against your fork on GitHub:
🔗 Jurism output files and formats
The primary purpose of the Legal Resource Registry is to support the storage and citation of legal materials in the Jurism reference manager: it is part of that program’s source code. National jurisdictions and international organizations covered by the system are each represented by a single source file containing its identifiers and abbreviations, in a format that lends itself to manual editing. The LRR source files are then “exported” to produce two intermediate source files, which are used in the actual Jurism build: auto-abbreviation files; and user interface maps. The format of these two targets is documented in this section.
🔗 Abbreviations
Filename
The LRR export script sets abbreviations for use in generating citations in files named according to the following template:
-
auto-
<domain>[
-<variant>
]
.json -
The domain is a two-character ISO country code (i.e.
us
,jp
, etc.), or an ad hoc identifier for an international body (i.e.eu.int
,un.int
,coe.int
). -
The optional variant element is an arbitrary name, which can be used to call the variant from a CSL style.
-
Each supported jurisdiction must have a bare abbreviation file with no variant name. Multiple variants of a given jurisdiction are permitted.
File content
The file content itself is in JSON format. The annotated sample file below, shows the English-version output of the LRR source file annotated in LRR source files above. For the French-version output, see Appendix 2: Sample abbreviation file below.
There is quite a lot to digest here, and we will take it by numbers.
Lines 2-4: Three fields declare the
filename
, thename
of the jurisdiction, and theversion
expressed as an ISO timestamp.[3]
{
"filename": "auto-zz.json",
"name": "Atlantis",
"version": "2019-08-19 12:16:29 UTC",
Lines 5-35: The Jurism abbreviation data is contained in the
xdata
object.
"xdata": {
Line 6: Each legal item in Jurism is assigned a
jurisdiction
value. Abbreviations are defined in the context of a specific jurisdiction, and the processor searches for a match within the item jurisdiction or, failing that, in each successive parent jurisdiction until a match is found. The ultimate fallback is thedefault
“jurisdiction” (which is also tried for a match if the item has no jurisdiction value at all).
"default": {
Lines 7-10: Jurisdiction keys are uppercased in the
place
object, mapped to the name or abbreviation of the jurisdiction.
"place": {
"ZZ": "Lap.",
"ZZ:ATL": "Atl."
}
},
Lines 12-22: The
zz
key is the top-level jurisdiction code of Laputa. All other jurisdiction keys in this file (apart fromdefault
above) are children of this domain.
"zz": {
Lines 13-15 & 16-18: The citation processor can abbreviate an institution (such as a court) in two separate ways:
institution-part
provides the descriptive abbreviation of courts in their jurisdictional context. Examples in US legal citation practice would be “S.D.N.Y” (for the Federal District Court for the Southern District of New York) and “Bankr. D. Mass.” (for the Bankruptcy Court in the Federal District of Massachussetts).
institution-entire
provides a code identifying the court, for the vendor-neutral citation forms used in some jurisdictions. Examples in US citation practice would be “CO” (for the Colorado Supreme Court) and “COA” (for the Colorado Court of Appeals).
"institution-part": {
"sc": "Sup. Ct."
},
"institution-entire": {
"sc": "SC"
},
Lines 19-21: The
container-title
object set on this jurisdiction in the LRR is passed through verbatim in the exported abbreviation file.
"container-title": {
"Laputa Reports": "!authority>>>Lap. Rep."
}
},
Lines 23-33: The key
zz:atl
is a subjurisdiction ofzz
. Theinstitution-part
andinstitution-entire
abbreviation sets have the roles described above.
"zz:atl": {
"institution-part": {
"ca": "Atl. Ct. App."
},
"institution-entire": {
"ca": "ALTCA"
},
Lines 30-33: Again,
container-title
objects set on a jurisdiction in the LRR are passed through verbatim in this exported abbreviation file.
"container-title": {
"Atlantis Decisions": "!authority:Atl.>>>Atl. Dec.",
"Poseidon Service": "#1>>>Poseidon Serv."
}
}
}
}
In the Jurism client, the abbreviation source files are used to populate a database in the Abbrevs Filter plugin with abbreviations appropriate to a particular style. The database format, the Abbrevs Filter, and its interface to the citation processor are beyond the scope of this overview.
🔗 User Interface Maps
Filename
Jurisdiction and court codes are not exposed directly in the Jurism user interface: a human-readable equivalent is displayed instead. In the Jurism source code, the data to produce maps for converting between the two are stored in files named for the domain to which each applies:
- juris-
<domain>
-map.json
A sample of such a file, illustrating a jurisdiction with multiple languages, is shown below. The file format is quite compact to minimize the bulk of data shipped with the Jurism client. There is again a lot to unpack, and we will once more take it by line numbers. The full text of this sample can be found in Appendix 3: Sample user interface map file.
File content
Lines 2 & 20: There are two keys in a Jurism UI map file, the first of which is
courts
.
{
"courts": [
Lines 3-18: Each entry in the
courts
array is an array of two values: a court code; and the human-readable name of the court. Code/name pairs are set here for every court type (two in this case) and every language (again two in this case) that are configured for the jurisdiction covered by the file.
[
"ca",
"Court of Appeal"
],
[
"ca",
"Cour d'appel"
],
[
"sc",
"Supreme Court"
],
[
"sc",
"Cour suprême"
]
],
Line 20: The second top-level key in a Jurism UI map file is
jurisdictions
, the companion to thecourts
object above.
"jurisdictions": {
Lines 21-34 & 35-48: The value of the
jurisdictions
key is an object with at least onedefault
key, and optionally keys for additional languages. This file provides one additional language (fr
, the ISO code for French) as an alternative to the default.
"default": [
Lines 22-27: Each entry in the
default
array and its alternate-language siblings is an array with three or more elements:
- The machine-readable element for the entry’s jurisdiction
- The human-readable name of the entry’s jurisdiction;
- The index of this entry’s parent, or null if there is no parent; and
- Any remaining arguments are zero-origin indices of the
courts
array, specifying which courts are associated with this specific jurisdiction.The root entry is always placed in first position, with a third-position value of
null
.
[
"zz",
"Laputa",
null,
2
],
Lines 28-33: Child jurisdictions always have an integer value in third position. This
atl
jurisdiction is an immediate child of the root jurisdictionzz
, and so has a third-position value of0
. The Jurism jurisdiction code generated from this entry will bezz:atl
.
[
"atl",
"Atlantis",
0,
0
]
],
Lines 35-48: The
fr
object in this sample follows the same pattern as thedefault
object described above, except for setting the trailingcourt
indices to the French versions of court names.
"fr": [
[
"zz",
"Láputa",
null,
3
],
[
"atl",
"Atlantis",
0,
1
]
]
}
}
Jurism user interface maps are source code for building a database to drive pulldown menus in the Jurisdiction and Court fields. The map files described here are automatically generated by the LRR export script, and should not be edited directly.
🔗 Appendix 1: Sample LRR source file
{
"langs": {
"fr": [
"ui",
"abbrevs"
]
},
"courts": {
"ca": {
"name": "Court of Appeal",
"abbrev": "%s Ct. App.",
"ABBREV": "%sCA",
"variants": {
"fr": {
"name": "Cour d'appel"
}
}
},
"sc": {
"name": "Supreme Court",
"abbrev": "Sup. Ct.",
"ABBREV": "SC",
"variants": {
"fr": {
"name": "Cour suprême",
"abbrev": "Cour sup.",
"ABBREV": "CS"
}
}
}
},
"jurisdictions": {
"zz": {
"name": "Laputa",
"abbrev": "Lap.",
"variants": {
"fr": {
"name": "Láputa",
"abbrev": "Láp."
}
},
"courts": {
"sc": {}
},
"container-title": {
"Laputa Reports": "!authority>>>Lap. Rep."
}
},
"zz:atl": {
"name": "Atlantis",
"abbrev": "Atl.",
"ABBREV": "ATL",
"courts": {
"ca": {
"variants": {
"fr": {
"abbrev": "Cour d'app. Atlantienne"
}
}
}
},
"container-title": {
"Atlantis Decisions": "!authority:Atl.>>>Atl. Dec.",
"Poseidon Service": "#1>>>Poseidon Serv."
}
}
}
}
🔗 Appendix 2: Sample abbreviation file
🔗 Default
{
"filename": "auto-zz.json",
"name": "Laputa",
"version": "2021-01-16 08:00:47 UTC",
"xdata": {
"default": {
"place": {
"ZZ": "Lap.",
"ZZ:ATL": "Atl."
}
},
"zz": {
"institution-part": {
"sc": "Sup. Ct."
},
"institution-entire": {
"sc": "SC"
},
"container-title": {
"Laputa Reports": "!authority>>>Lap. Rep."
}
},
"zz:atl": {
"institution-part": {
"ca": "Atl. Ct. App."
},
"institution-entire": {
"ca": "ATLCA"
},
"container-title": {
"Atlantis Decisions": "!authority:Atl.>>>Atl. Dec.",
"Poseidon Service": "#1>>>Poseidon Serv."
}
}
}
}
🔗 French
{
"filename": "auto-zz-fr.json",
"name": "Laputa",
"version": "2021-01-16 08:00:47 UTC",
"xdata": {
"default": {
"place": {
"ZZ": "Láp.",
"ZZ:ATL": "Atl."
}
},
"zz": {
"institution-part": {
"sc": "Cour sup."
},
"institution-entire": {
"sc": "CS"
},
"container-title": {
"Laputa Reports": "!authority>>>Lap. Rep."
}
},
"zz:atl": {
"institution-part": {
"ca": "Cour d'app. Atlantienne"
},
"institution-entire": {
"ca": "ATLCA"
},
"container-title": {
"Atlantis Decisions": "!authority:Atl.>>>Atl. Dec.",
"Poseidon Service": "#1>>>Poseidon Serv."
}
}
}
}
🔗 Appendix 3: Sample user interface map file
{
"courts": [
[
"ca",
"Court of Appeal"
],
[
"ca",
"Cour d'appel"
],
[
"sc",
"Supreme Court"
],
[
"sc",
"Cour suprême"
]
],
"jurisdictions": {
"default": [
[
"zz",
"Laputa",
null,
2
],
[
"atl",
"Atlantis",
0,
0
]
],
"fr": [
[
"zz",
"Láputa",
null,
3
],
[
"atl",
"Atlantis",
0,
1
]
]
}
}
Final composition in the parent style gives it control over some style-specific features, such as the inclusion or stripping of periods, italicization of some titles, back-referencing conventions, and a few other details. ↩
Pier Luigi Spinosa, Enrico Francesconi, and Catarina Lupo, “A Uniform Resource Name (URN) Namespace for Source of Law (LEX)” (IETF, expired work in progress, inactive, December 8, 2018). ↩
For performance reasons, the LRR export script also sets the timestamp in a separate
DIRECTORY_LISTING.json
file in the abbreviations source directory. ↩


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