Meshes (everyone read!)
Posted: Sat Apr 22, 2006 11:32 am
Hey everyone,
Here are the mesh models we discovered at the last meeting. This is the free pack:
http://www.unseenstudios.com/temp/freemodelbases.zip
Use these to get ideas for meshes. When you create one, export it and post a thumbnail with a download link. All uploaded meshes and their thumbnails (180x120) should be zipped and go in the btr/models/ directory.
For David: Here are some example meshes. We need to convert Stan into a more usable format...I've been trying hard to get him to render on my system but he's too complex. We are not going to be able to change armour types right now--each Stan model has 188 rendering subsets. The whole rest of the game put together uses less than 25. Please take Stan, put clothes on him, and meld all of the meshes together into a single (possibly double, for the head texture) subset.
http://www.unseenstudios.com/temp/examplemeshes.zip
Edit: Post when you have downloaded these. I will remove the files afterward.
Here are the mesh models we discovered at the last meeting. This is the free pack:
http://www.unseenstudios.com/temp/freemodelbases.zip
Use these to get ideas for meshes. When you create one, export it and post a thumbnail with a download link. All uploaded meshes and their thumbnails (180x120) should be zipped and go in the btr/models/ directory.
For David: Here are some example meshes. We need to convert Stan into a more usable format...I've been trying hard to get him to render on my system but he's too complex. We are not going to be able to change armour types right now--each Stan model has 188 rendering subsets. The whole rest of the game put together uses less than 25. Please take Stan, put clothes on him, and meld all of the meshes together into a single (possibly double, for the head texture) subset.
http://www.unseenstudios.com/temp/examplemeshes.zip
Edit: Post when you have downloaded these. I will remove the files afterward.


M (1931) A Film Review by Ted Prigge Copyright 1998 Ted Prigge
Director: Fritz Lang Writers: Paul Falkenberg, Adolf Jansen, Fritz Lang, Karl Vash, and Thea von Harbou Starring: Peter Lorre, Gustaf Gründgens, Ellen Widmann, Inge Landgut, Theo Lingen, Otto Wernicke, Frank Stein, Theodor Loos, Georg John
Fritz Lang's "M" is one of the great philosophical films, primarily because its anger and message are not bogged down in pretentious overtones with crush the story of the film, rendering it almost unwatchable a second time. It's a film where the meanings and anger of the film are not fully comprehended in one single showing because it raises so many questions about crime, punsihment, and authority. But what's really amazing is how it's first and foremost a gripping story about a murderer and the pursuit of him, and then its philosophical. What a concept.
"M" is all about a man named Hans Beckert (Peter Lorre, in the role that made him internationally famous) who is an infamous child killer who the police have been after for months, as his acts have been serial. The first 10 minutes of the film introduces him as the public sees him: he woos a little girl on her way home from school with candy and balloons, and then we see an intensely creepy montage of the girl's ball rolling in the grass, and the balloon he bought for her stuck in electric wires. This whole segment is intercutted with the girl's mom waiting at home for her to arrive, and growing more and more worried as the time passes. And we get the saddening, scary shot of the woman's cry for her daughter being echoed in an empty room.
The film immeadiatly launches into a kind of documentary on what the police are doing to track him down, including night raids on criminal spots where they think the killer may be, and propaganda for kids to learn not to talk to any strangers. The public is furious that the police haven't caught him, and some even begin doing their own investigated work, albeit less successful or deft as the police. There's a scene towards the end that perfectly sums up what this film is about: an old man is seen innocently talking to a child, and before he knows it, a mob of people have formed around him, and begin attacking him, saying that he's the infamous murderer. Of course, the man isn't the murderer, but it shows what people become when they are angry and want to take their vengeance out on someone without proof.
We also discover that the other really pissed off people in this matter are the local mafiasos, who meet to discuss how they too will try and track them down. In one of the best parallel action sequences I've ever seen, Lang shows the mafiasos discussing their plans as well as the police's plans, and both seem eerily similar (even though they're marginally different). And soon the criminal underground, the police, and the general public all seem to be the same.
The film also shows us Hans, who, in one brief shot, looks at himself in the mirror and makes a nasty face like the monster the people believe him to be. The opening scenes of him show him as such, as we see him primarily in shadow, and eerily whistling Grief's "In the Hall of the Mountain King" over and over again until it becomes his signature tune. The fact is we never really see him up close, only in the form of shadows, and when we do, he's not this monster he's made out to be. It would be cheap if he was such a monster, but the film shows Hans to be a man with a really sick impulse, one that he cannot control, and one that is driving him insane. Peter Lorre's portrayal of Hans is not as a horrible creature, but as a frightened human being.
The one scene that perfectly sums up who Hans really is and how he feels to be himself is a pivotal scene where a man has discovered that he's the killer and tries to place a marker on his back so that he can be found more easily. So the man sketches an "M" on his hand, trips into Hans as he walks by him, and places the "M" on his back shoulder. A couple seconds later, Hans looks back into a mirror behind him and notices the "M." His entire face looses color and from this point on the film becomes a merciless rush of fear and paranoia.
Hans has very little time in the film, but in one final scene, he is captured and brought before a council of citizens and criminals (no police) who have gone out of their way to get him for themselves and before the police do. There, he's placed on trial with the mafia don as the prosecuting attorney, and a defense counsel man who basically says there's not much he can do for him. Here, a frightened Hans looks death right in the face of all the people who hate him, and tries to desperately plea for his life. "I cannot help what I do!"
"M" is angry about so many things in society, namely the way that people refuse to see past what they hear about, and the way that people decide other peoples' fates.  How ironic is it for a criminal who has killed dozens of people in his life to sentence a man to death for murder? And who is to say that another man must die because of what he has done and for what he is?
Hans is seen as a murderer, but no one appears to want to help this man. They just want to kill him. Society often wants to easily rid themselves of people who don't fit in with them, who cause a roucous in the waves of society, and that's what this film is about.  They block out Hans' desperate cries for help, and refuse to understand him.
"M" was restored last year after being released on video in a murky, screwed-up version filled with bad sub-titles and unwatchable scenes. This new version really clears things up and allows us to see what Lang wanted us to see. The film was a major innovative film when it came out, as it was one of the first "talkies," and uses its sound so carefully and effectively that its a wonder that anyone was able to be impressed with it by viewing the older version.
When Fritz Lang made this, he was speaking out about his homeland, Germany, and the atrocities they were having at the time (as well as in the time when he made "Metropolis"). But this film actually goes beyond that.  Hans Beckert was based on a real person, but this person is a regular in history, and this film doesn't intend to make him out to be a monster, but really a person who just has some really major problems.
What's amazing about Fritz Lang's storytelling is how he doesn't let his message become overbearing or pretentious. "M" is an intensely watchable film, one that holds the audience's attention, and in the process, stirs them up, and makes them think about what is occurring. A lesser director would have made this a blatant satire, but Lang lets the story tell itself and the meaning to come out through it, much like he did with "Metropolis." Lang is angry, but he's also doesn't to be condescending about it.
MY RATING (out of 4): ****
Homepage at: http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Hills/8335/
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Here is a date for the diaries of those of you lot who live in or around London. Next Saturday sees the London première of Sharon Smith's film adaptation of A Recipe For Gruel at the BFI Southbank. It is being shown as part of the British Animation Awards – programme 2, on 8 February at 6.20 p.m. Mr Key will be in attendance (incognito, of course). Don't miss the cinematic event of this, or any other, century!


OpenScreen()
Syntax
Result = OpenScreen(Width, Height, Depth, Title$ [, FlipMode [, RefreshRate]])Description
Opens a new screen according to the specified 'Width', 'Height' and 'Depth'. InitSprite() has to be called successfully before using this command. The opened screen is created with 2 video buffers to allow double buffering, especially useful for games. The buffers can be manipulated with the FlipBuffers() function.
Parameters
Width, Height The screen resolution, in pixels. The specified resolution has to be supported or the screen won't be created. ExamineScreenModes() can be used to get a full list of supported resolution. Depth It can be one the following values: 16: 65000 colors, fixed palette 24: 16 Mo colors, fixed palette 32: 16 Mo colors, faster than 24-bit mode, allows alpha blendingTitle$ The title for the application which will be displayed when switching back to the desktop. (Windows only). It will be displayed in the taskbar, so it's recommended to use a title related to the application name. FlipMode (optional) Sets the screen synchronization methods used when flipping buffers (also known as 'Vertical blank synchronization'). It can have one of the following values: #PB_Screen_NoSynchronization : disable synchronization #PB_Screen_WaitSynchronization : enable synchronization (default value) #PB_Screen_SmartSynchronization: enable synchronization, with a CPU saver routine when the program doesn't consume all the CPU time (full screen mode only)Waiting for the screen synchronization allows the flip to be perfect (no 'tearing' or other visible artifacts) because the flip is performed when the screen has been fully drawn (and when the screen spot is outside of visible screen area). This also link the flip frequence to the actual screen refresh, ie: for 60Hz screen it could have at most 60 flip per seconds, etc.RefreshRate (optional) Set the refresh rate (in Hz) for the new screen. If it can't be handled, then OpenScreen() will fail. ExamineScreenModes() can be used to get a full list of supported refresh rates.
Note: on Windows, the refresh rate could be locked or forced by the video card drivers, so it could be inaccurate.
Return value
Nonzero if the screen has been successfully opened, zero otherwise.
Remarks
The Requester functions cannot be used on screens created with OpenScreen.
To open a screen area on a regular window, see OpenWindowedScreen().
See Also
OpenWindowedScreen(), FlipBuffers()
Supported OS
All


SoftAP Setup
Let's connect your device to the Wifi.
Plug-in your device.
Make sure it is blinking blue. If it isn't, press and hold the 'S' button until it does.
Disconnect from your WiFi and Connect to the new WiFi hotspot it creates. It will appear as
Photon-XXXX
on your network list.
Press Next.
Next
Device ID:
Copy
Scan for visible WiFi networks
Scan
Don't see your network? Move your device closer to your router, then re-scan.
Show
Connect


hortonworks
Businessmodel of Hortonworks
Customer Segments
Hortonworks has a niche market business model, focusing on a specialized customer segment. Its products are targeted at organizations who have a need to quickly process and analyze large sets of data on commodity hardware.
Value Proposition
Hortonworks offers three primary value propositions: accessibility, convenience, and cost reduction.
The company utilizes YARN, a common data operating system capable of simultaneously running various types of processing workloads. It allows customers to integrate new and existing third-party applications seamlessly with Hadoop. Further, even though Hadoop is designed for commodity hardware, it can also run in appliances or other storage solutions, in the cloud and on-premise, and in virtualized environments. These features make it accessible to a wider variety of organizations.
The company’s products offer real-time predictive analytics. This enables customers to be less reactive and have a broad view of data, which in turn simplifies their daily roles and saves time.
The company’s offerings optimize data architectures and increase analysis efficiencies in a way that significantly reduces costs. As an example, the annual cost of using HDP to manage a raw data terabyte could be as much as 100 times less expensive than doing so with high-end storage arrays.
Channels
Hortonworks‘ main channel for acquiring customers is its sales organization, which is comprised of a direct sales team and reseller partners who work to identify new prospects. The company also markets its offerings through its main website and social media pages, trade shows and conferences, and the annual Hadoop Summit that it has hosted since 2012.
Customer Relationships
Hortonworks’ customer relationship is primarily of a personal assistance nature. The company works closely with product users to ensure all runs well, providing 24/7 online and phone support.
Key Activities
Hortonworks’ business model mostly involves maintaining and enhancing its Connected Data Platforms, HDP and HDF.
Key Partners
Hortonworks operates partner programs designed to support the growth of the Apache Hadoop ecosystem. They provide training, business resources, technical support, enablement services, and joint marketing opportunities to members. There are over 1,600 partners, who fall into the following program categories:
- Technology Partner (ISV/IHV) Program: This program enables independent OEMs, hardware, and software solution providers to develop, test, deploy, and support joint products with Hortonworks offerings. Partners include Hewlett-Packard Enterprise and EMC2.
- System Integrator/Consultant Program: This program enables system integrators and consultants who provide consulting, design, and/or deployment services to optimize their services through use of HDP. Partners include Accenture, Capgemini, and EY.
- Strategic Reseller Program: This program involves an agreement with resellers for the sale of Hortonworks subscriptions and other services to their clients. It is by invitation only. Partners include World Wide Technology and Immix Group.
- Training Delivery Partner Program: This program involves partnerships with organizations that provide training for high-tech software firms, in which they receive training themselves on the use of HDP. Features include hands-on laboratories, instructor certification, and go-to-market assistance. ### Key Resources
Hortonworks’ most important resource is its open source business and technology team, which features talent from a wide variety of companies, including IBM, Oracle, HP, and VMware.
Another crucial human resource is its team of sales engineers who have deep domain expertise and provide support to the sales organization, as well as technical training for partners. Lastly, customer support staff members operate 24/7 and are essential to ensuring the satisfaction among clients.
Cost Structure
Hortonworks has a value-driven structure, aiming to offer a value proposition by focusing on a high level of personal service. Its biggest cost driver is sales and marketing expenses. Other major drivers are research and development and administrative costs. All of these costs are fixed.
Revenue Streams
Hortonworks has two revenue streams, which are as follows:
Support Subscriptions: The company generates revenues through annual and multi-year “support subscriptions“. In addition to access to the platform, they entitle buyers to the following:
- Remote troubleshooting
- Online self-paced training courses
- Access to upgrades, updates, and patches
- Diagnosis of installation and configuration issues
- Diagnosis of cluster management and performance issues
- Diagnosis of data loading, processing, and query issues
- Application development advice Subscribers also get access to SmartSense, a service for enhancing cluster health and utilization. In addition, there is a premium option that offers input from and closer collaboration with developers.
Professional Services: The company offers an array of additional value-added services:
- Training: This involves scenario-based classes for developers, data analysts, and system administrators in classroom, corporate on-site, and online settings, along with exams that customers can take to become Certified Hadoop Professionals.
- Consulting: This involves experienced consultants assisting customers with deployment assessments, implementations, upgrade planning, solution integration, platform migrations, and application development.


Chapter 3 Data
You can skip this chapter if you:
-
Are comfortable working with dataframes and tibbles
-
Know about and are comfortable using some of R’s inbuilt data packages
-
Are comfortable loading .csv and .xlsx files into R
3.1 Packages for this chapter
In this chapter you’ll want the following packages loaded in your R session. At the start, you will need to run the following code. Remember if you don’t have a package you can install it with the install.package("package_name")
command.
3.2 Built In Data
Many packages, such as the tidyverse
package, and the default 3 datasets
package come with data in them. These datasets can be really useful for testing code that you’re unfamiliar with, because you know what the data should look like, and how it should perform.
Some common datasets are:
mpg
- Fuel economy data from 1999 to 2008 for 38 popular models of cars
ChickWeight
- Weight versus age of chicks on different diets
starwars
- Name, height, weight, age, and other characteristics of Star Wars characters
iris
- The measurements (in cm) of the sepal length and width and petal length and width of 50 flowers in 3 species of iris
There are many, many more. You can explore some of them by typing datasets::
into the console and instead of pressing ‘enter’, scroll the menu that pops up to help you autocomplete your command.
You might wonder, what’s the ::
in the datasets::
command. The ::
is very useful and tells R to look inside the datasets
package without having to actually load it into your library which can be very quick and easy.
3.3 Exercise
For our first exercise we are going to look at some of the inbuilt datasets.
What happens when you enter the following code4 into the console?
You should see something like Figure 3.1
The View()
command is very handy for getting a quick window onto what data looks like. Unfortunately, the View()
command only really works for you getting a look at your data. If you wanted to share your code, you would be better using a command which prints some of the data into the console.
So - what functions will tell R to print data into the console?
You can view the top of a dataset with head()
## # A tibble: 6 x 11
## manufacturer model displ year cyl trans drv cty hwy fl class
## <chr> <chr> <dbl> <int> <int> <chr> <chr> <int> <int> <chr> <chr>
## 1 audi a4 1.8 1999 4 auto(l5) f 18 29 p compact
## 2 audi a4 1.8 1999 4 manual(m5) f 21 29 p compact
## 3 audi a4 2 2008 4 manual(m6) f 20 31 p compact
## 4 audi a4 2 2008 4 auto(av) f 21 30 p compact
## 5 audi a4 2.8 1999 6 auto(l5) f 16 26 p compact
## 6 audi a4 2.8 1999 6 manual(m5) f 18 26 p compact
Note that this code has produced an output block. Unlike View()
where I had to share a screengrab to show you what the output of the code was. This is why head()
is a lot more reproducible than View()
and should be your default for code sharing. See more about this in workflows.
Unsurprisingly we can also view the bottom of a dataset with …
## # A tibble: 6 x 11
## manufacturer model displ year cyl trans drv cty hwy fl class
## <chr> <chr> <dbl> <int> <int> <chr> <chr> <int> <int> <chr> <chr>
## 1 volkswagen passat 1.8 1999 4 auto(l5) f 18 29 p midsize
## 2 volkswagen passat 2 2008 4 auto(s6) f 19 28 p midsize
## 3 volkswagen passat 2 2008 4 manual(m6) f 21 29 p midsize
## 4 volkswagen passat 2.8 1999 6 auto(l5) f 16 26 p midsize
## 5 volkswagen passat 2.8 1999 6 manual(m5) f 18 26 p midsize
## 6 volkswagen passat 3.6 2008 6 auto(s6) f 17 26 p midsize
Another very useful way to look at a dataset is with the summary()
function, which takes its best guess at how to summarise each variable in the dataset.
## manufacturer model displ year cyl trans drv cty
## Length:234 Length:234 Min. :1.600 Min. :1999 Min. :4.000 Length:234 Length:234 Min. : 9.00
## Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.:2.400 1st Qu.:1999 1st Qu.:4.000 Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.:14.00
## Mode :character Mode :character Median :3.300 Median :2004 Median :6.000 Mode :character Mode :character Median :17.00
## Mean :3.472 Mean :2004 Mean :5.889 Mean :16.86
## 3rd Qu.:4.600 3rd Qu.:2008 3rd Qu.:8.000 3rd Qu.:19.00
## Max. :7.000 Max. :2008 Max. :8.000 Max. :35.00
## hwy fl class
## Min. :12.00 Length:234 Length:234
## 1st Qu.:18.00 Class :character Class :character
## Median :24.00 Mode :character Mode :character
## Mean :23.44
## 3rd Qu.:27.00
## Max. :44.00
The summary()
function highlights an important aspect of R - it knows the difference between numbers and characters. In the output block we can see that manufacturer
is given the Class
character
. R knows it can’t create a mean and a median from this data, so it simply tells you the Length
of that data instead. What do you think the 234 refers to here? Answer in the footnote5.
3.4 Data you create
Sometimes you will want to test something on pretend data, or run something on a very small dataset. In these cases, we can create a dataset in our environment. This can be really useful for troubleshooting because you can create data that shows your problem, and this is easier to share with others.
For example, lets say we we were interested in this idea that R only sees manufacturer
in mpg
as a string of letters. How can we tell R that manufacturer
is in fact a category? We can test on a smaller, simpler dataset.
3.5 Exercise - Creating data
We are going to use a new function here called tibble
which will make a dataframe quickly and easily. Before when we were typing things like x <- 1
, we created a single thing in the environment. Now we want to create multiple thing (rows and columns) and that’s what the tibble
function will do.
Try the following and watch what happens in your environment (you’ll need the tidyverse
loaded - see above)
You can View(dat)
to look at this (or use head(dat)
). Let’s try and replicate our weird summary(mpg)
character issue.
## x y
## Min. :1.00 Length:6
## 1st Qu.:2.25 Class :character
## Median :3.50 Mode :character
## Mean :3.50
## 3rd Qu.:4.75
## Max. :6.00
We can replicate the issue. You can see that the y
variable has the class: Character
. What can we do about it?
We essentially want to tell R that y
is not a character, but a factor6.
We can ask R more directly what y
is by telling it exactly where to look.
## [1] TRUE
The $
symbol tells R that it needs to look inside dat
for y
. Try typing out is.character(y)
or is.character(dat::y)
and see what happens. What are those error messages telling you? 7
If the is.character()
function asks R if the named object is a character, how do you think we ask R if the named object is a factor? Try typing out your answer in the console to see what happens.
We therefore need to ask R to change the data. We can do this like so:
## [1] A B A B A B
## Levels: A B
And we get a response. But what happens if we run summary(dat)
again?
## x y
## Min. :1.00 Length:6
## 1st Qu.:2.25 Class :character
## Median :3.50 Mode :character
## Mean :3.50
## 3rd Qu.:4.75
## Max. :6.00
Why do you think this happens?
You should take time to stop and answer these questions before reading on - practice and thinking about R is the best way to learn.
It happens because we haven’t actually changed the data. With as.factor(dat$y)
, R told us the answer, but didn’t edit the object in any way. To change the dat
dataframe, we need to use the assign (<-
) function to make sure R saves it into the environment.
Here’s the fun part. We can do this in two (or actually - many) different ways. In a lot of ways, its personal preference which one you choose . . .
To demonstrate, we will make two new dataframes.
Option 1
Option 2
In Option 1, using what’s called ‘base R’, we are essentially saying something like:
-
Make a new thing called
option1
-
That thing is a tibble
-
That tibble should contain x, from dat (
dat$x
) -
That tibble should contain y, from dat, made into a factor (
as.factor(dat$y)
)
Whereas in Option 2, we are saying:
-
Make an new thing caled
option2
-
That thing should start the same as
dat
-
We use the pipe command from
tidyverse
(%>%
) to say ‘and then’ -
So take
dat
and then change something indat
(themutate
function) -
Make y a factor (
y = as.factor(y)
)
With Option 2, we don’t need to specify dat$y
because we are using the pipe function (%>%
) to tell R we are still working with the dat
dataframe.
Personally, I found the pipe function in tidyverse
to be revolutionary when I learned it, and its by far my favourite way to write code. I find the code in Option 2 a lot easier to read than the code in Option 1, and we’ll be using tidyverse
in the rest of this book. However, here’s another important thing:
You do not have to code like I do - so long as I can run your code, we don’t have to approach a problem in the same way.
This will become clearer as we work through the book.
To test that we have done what we wanted to do - let’s run the summary()
function again.
## x y
## Min. :1.00 A:3
## 1st Qu.:2.25 B:3
## Median :3.50
## Mean :3.50
## 3rd Qu.:4.75
## Max. :6.00
## x y
## Min. :1.00 A:3
## 1st Qu.:2.25 B:3
## Median :3.50
## Mean :3.50
## 3rd Qu.:4.75
## Max. :6.00
And now we see that R has changed y
into a factor, both ways, and now we have a different output to the summary()
function.
Thinking back to our mpg
example - can you change the mpg
dataset so that manufacturer
is a factor?
Can you change multiple variables to factors?
Is
tidyverse
or base R easier to use for changing multiple factors?If you google, do you find other ways of changing
mpg
?
Once you have tried these - you can view some of my answers here
3.6 Loading data from your hard drive
Finally, sometimes you will have data delivered to you on a file that you will want to load in to R. These will usually be *.csv or *.xlsx files
These can easily be read in with a function. The most commonly used function for *.csv files is read.csv
. For excel files its read_excel
from the readxl
package. There are also ways to load data from URLs, and word documents, and all sorts!
The skill most needed to load files from your hard drive is the ability to navigate and understand folder structures (sometimes called working directories). If your desktop has a hundred files then you should go and watch this video.
We will use two different files for the rest of this chapter.
You should download the two files and save them into the folder you are using for your R Project. We will explore directories a bit in the next section, but its better to start good practice now.
The two files are:
-
ch2_planets.xlsx
-
ch2_planets.csv
You will find them on your Learn course under this week’s materials.
If you are learning independently, you will also find them in the data folder on my github page.
3.7 Loading data
3.7.1 Loading from a CSV
There are two main ways to load a .csv file.
The easy way is to navigate to the environment tab and click on Import Dataset
Scroll down to From Text (base) and click through the import wizard, navigating to where you saved your file.
Here is a short demonstration:Note that the the import wizard runs code in the console which says something like:
If you copy this code you can run it yourself. You know by now that anything to the left of the assign command (<-
) is the name of the thing you’re creating.
3.8 Exercise
Change this code so you’re creating a dataset called dat
not ch2_planets
. Answer here
3.8.1 Loading from an Excel file
Similar to above, you can upload an .xlsx file in two different ways, using the wizard, or by typing in the code.
To use the wizard, you again navigate to the environment tab and click on Import Dataset
Scroll down to From Excel and click through the import wizard, navigating to where you saved your file. Depending on what your excel file looks like
Here is a short demonstration:This time, note that the console first loads a package (library(readxl)
) before it loads the data.
Again you can copy this code and run the code itself in an R Script file, in a R Markdown file, or in the console, to load the data without going through the wizard.
Why would you want to use code instead of the wizard?
We will come to talk about repeatable workflows in a later chapter, but basically - if you send me an R Script file with the code for loading in the data, I can run that file without having to edit it.
You can send me your script and your data file together, and I can work directly on it, which saves a huge amount of time and makes collaborating easier.
3.9 Exercise
This time I want you to load the ch2_planets.xlsx file into your environment.
I assume that you have saved the ch2_planets.xlsx file to your working directory in a folder called data
.
Your task: I don’t want to have to load the readxl
library every time I read in an excel file. Is there a short cut we can use?
Remember to try this - play about with the code and talk to your classmates/friends before looking at the answer. Answer here
‘Default’ here means one you won’t need to install or load into the library↩
If its not working - are you sure you have spelled it with a capital
View
?↩The Length of these variables is the number of rows in each one, which for this case is the same for each variable because this is a nice, tidy dataset↩
A factor is also called a categorical variable, or a grouping variable. If you’re not sure you know what a factor is, wiki is a good place to review↩
is.character(y)
should give you an error message likeError: object 'y' is not found
becausey
by itself does not exist in your environment. There’s a way around this by ‘attaching’ data to your environment, which is a bit old fashioned and can result in problems down the line with your workflow (because you won’t necessarily know if the person you’re working with has also attached the data), so I recommend against it.is.character(dat::y)
should give you an error likeError in loadNamespace(name) : there is no package called 'dat'
.  Packages and data frames are different things.↩


This is a course in abstract linear algebra, focusing on finite-dimensional vector spaces over the real and complex numbers and linear operators which act on them. Topics include eigenvalues and eigenvectors, inner product spaces, the spectral theorem, the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, and Jordan canonical form. Successful students will learn to give proofs of abstract statements in linear algebra and use the abstract theory to analyze particular examples.
Math 311W, Concepts of Discrete Mathematics. Former experience with computational linear algebra such as Math 220 will be helpful but is not strictly necessary.
Sheldon Axler, Linear Algebra Done Right, 3rd edition. With your Penn State account you can get an eBook version for free here . However, the book is not exorbitantly expensive, and you should be reading it very carefully. I would strongly consider purchasing the hard copy. The free electronic textbook "Linear Algebra" by Jim Heffron may also be helpful, get it here .
Homework is by far the most important part of the course. The only way to learn advanced mathematics is to do advanced mathematics. Weekly homework assignments will be posted on the webpage most Wednesdays, and they are due in class the following Wednesday. A typical homework set will consist of a reading assignment, 5 exercises to be turned in, and a list of additional textbook exercises that you should complete for yourself. Please write your solutions clearly and carefully, using complete sentences to explain all steps of your proofs or computations.
If you have to miss class on the due date, you can turn in your assignment early to my box in the McAllister building. Solutions to homework will be posted after class on the day it is due, so late homework will not be accepted for any reason. Your lowest score will be dropped at the end of the semester.
You are encouraged to discuss homework problems with your fellow students. However, you have to write up your solutions by yourselves and show originality. Please write the names of any students you collaborated with on your assignment.
| Assignment | % Score |
|---|---|
| Homework | 20% |
| Exam 1 | 20% |
| Exam 2 | 20% |
| Final Exam | 40% |
| Total | 100% |
Letter grades will be assigned based on the cumulative score; the ranges corresponding to letter grades will be determined based on the difficulty of the exams and the following rubric:
| Letter Grade | Criteria |
|---|---|
| A | Able to perform basic computations in linear algebra and recite the definitions from the course. Demonstrates solid understanding of the theoretical aspects of the course. |
| B | Able to perform basic computations in linear algebra and recite the definitions from the course. Demonstrates some understanding of the theoretical aspects of the course. |
| C | Able to perform basic computations in linear algebra and recite the definitions from the course. |
| D / F | Fails to meet the expectations for a C. |
Cumulative scores of 80/70/60 will receive at least an A-/B-/C-; however, the final breakpoints may be lowered. Grade ranges will be discussed in more detail after each exam.


Peer-Reviewed Conference Papers
-
A. Sapmaz, G. D. Acar, B. F. Feeny, “Superharmonic Resonances in a Horizontal-Axis Wind-Turbine Rotor Set with Mistuned Blades”, The ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences, Anaheim, CA, August 2019.
-
F. Afzali, G. D. Acar, B. F. Feeny, “Response Characteristics of Systems with Two-Harmonic Parametric Excitation”, The ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences, Quebec, Canada, August 2018.
-
G. D. Acar, B. Balachandran, “Bifurcations of Periodic Orbits of a One-Dimensional Pre-Compressed Granular Array”, The ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences, Quebec, Canada, August 2018.
-
A. Sapmaz, G. D. Acar, B. F. Feeny, “In-plane blade-hub dynamics in horizontal-axis wind turbines with mis-tuned blades”, The ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences, Cleveland, OH, August 2017.
-
F. Afzali, G. D. Acar, B. F. Feeny, “Analysis of the Periodic Damping Coefficient Equation Based on Floquet Theory”, The ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences, Cleveland, OH, August 2017.
-
G. Acar, M. A. Acar, B. F. Feeny, “In-plane blade-hub dynamics in horizontal-axis wind turbines”, The ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences, Charlotte, NC, August 2016.
Conference Abstracts and Chapters
-
P. Ravula, G. D. Acar, B. Balachandran, “Numerical Studies on Dynamic Interactions Between Lugged Wheel and Granular Media”, The ASME 2018 IMECE, Pittsburgh, PA.
-
G. D. Acar, B. F. Feeny, “Floquet-type analysis of transient vibrations of a horizontal axis wind turbine”, IMAC XXXVI, Orlando, FL, February 2018.
-
A. Sapmaz, G. D. Acar, B. F. Feeny, “Approximate General Responses of Tuned and Mistuned 4-Degree-of-Freedom Systems with Parametric Stiffness”, IMAC XXXVI, Orlando, FL, February 2018.
-
G. Acar, B. F. Feeny, “Approximate general responses of multi-degree-of-freedom systems with parametric stiffness”, Special Topics in Structural Dynamics, Volume 6. Springer International Publishing, 2016.
-
G. Acar, B. F. Feeny, “Linear Modal Analysis of a Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine Blade”, Special Topics in Structural Dynamics, Volume 6. Springer International Publishing, 2015. 125-131.
-
G. Acar, B. F. Feeny, “A Bend-Bend-Twist Model for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blades”, 17th U.S. National Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, East Lansing, MI, June 2014.
-
C. Yilmaz, G. Acar, “Analysis and Design of a Compliant Bridge Type Mechanism for Vibration Isolation”, 16th Ulusal Makine Teorisi Sempozyumu, Erzurum, Turkey, September 2013.


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My experience
Over ten years of experience in the area of web applications guarantee a professional service in the projects I undertake daily both as a professional freelance of the sector and the services carried out in companies.
- Senior PHP Developer, Clicklline Services On Line, clickline.com.
- Senior PHP Developer, privalia.com.
- Senior PHP Developer, LetsBonus.com.
- Freelance PHP developer, asbeel.net.
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.contrast()
Finds a contrastful color. Outputs it to the given property as a rule, usually color (the default), border-color or background-color.
Arguments
- @property: The name of a CSS property
- @background-color: A color to contrast against
- @standard: The contrast ratio standard to meet
- @mode: Which contrast method to use
- tint: Add white to find contrast
- shade: Add black to find contrast
- auto: (default) Add whichever has more contrast potential
Examples
Basic usage
By default, contrast sets the color property to a contrastful value against @content-background.
p { .contrast(); }

A paragraph with default text contrast.

Output:
A paragraph with default text contrast.
Different background colors
Sometimes background colors will be an awkward color, like this CSS color blue, where our text color doesn't work as well:

This is text on blue

This is text on blue
We can use .contrast() to make the text meet our project's contrast standards with this .text-on-blue class :
p.text-on-blue { .contrast(color, blue); }

This is text on blue

This is text on blue
Now the text is more readable and meets the project's standards.
Of course, the official Decent way of making something blue is to simply add the blue class. Instead of CSS's take on blue, it uses your project's take on blue.
This is a blue paragraph with text-padding too.
To set both the text color and background color, use .colorize().
Using different contrast standards
All contrasting is done according to a standard, a contrast ratio which is usually 4.5 or 7 for text, according to WCAG standards.
WCAG standards are lower for large text, like headlines. In your project, you may wish to set headline text contrast to a lower standard (WCAG suggests at least 3) so that your headlines are more colorful:
.headline-elements({ .contrast(color, blue, 3); });
This targets all headlines using the headline ruleset mixin, applyin the same contrast algorithm as before but stopping when a contrast ratio of 3 is met. Not how the headline here is less contrastful than the body text from before:
A softer-contrasted headline
This is text on blue
Outputting different properties
Suppose we want to give a border to the paragraph in this new blue-backgrounded element.
To do this, we give .contrast() the border-color property, along with a higher contrast standard to stand out more:
p { .contrast(border-color, blue, 7); }
This gives us:
A softer-contrasted headline
This is text on blue
Forcing a contrast mode
We may find that the automatic contrasting doesn't pick the color we had in mind. If we want to force the border-color in the prior example to use black to find contrast, we can set the @mode argument to shade.
p { .contrast(border-color, blue, 7, shade); }
A softer-contrasted headline
This is text on blue
Now the border around the paragraph will always tend to be darker.
It's important to keep in mind that this may reduce contrast possibilities. Forcing a very light color to use the tint mode, for example, will never produce contrastful text.
For more on this concept, read about .set-contrast-floor() and .set-contrast-ceiling(), which find how much room there is available for either tinting or shading operations.


Checkers’ big plans for Black Friday 2019
by Staff WriterCheckers has outlined its plans for Black Friday 2019 which has become one of the biggest shopping days of the year for the retailer.
Set to fall on 29 November, Checkers said that it will offer unbeatable deals on big-ticket items like tech and appliances.
However, it said that will also cut prices on household essentials as it aims to become ‘the ultimate destination’ for Black Friday shopping.
The group said that this year, members of its newly launched Xtra Savings rewards programme will be the first to receive advance notifications of the Black Friday deals on offer at Checkers, the retailer said.
A total of two million customers have signed up for Xtra Savings in just 20 days following the launch of the rewards programme in mid-October.
Shoppers still have time to join Xtra Savings ahead of this year’s Black Friday and can do so free of charge, and in less than three minutes, using a number of paperless channels.
Xtra Savings members also stand a chance to win their Black Friday shopping for free, it said.
“Extensive planning commences at least 6 months in advance to ensure we give customers the very best Black Friday experience,” said Willie Peters, GM of marketing at Shoprite and Checkers.
“As with previous years, we will again stay true to what Black Friday is all about – deep-cut specials that offer real value. We have been hard at work to secure the best deals and to ensure all our stores are sufficiently stocked. We look forward to making this year’s Black Friday our biggest yet.
“Considering the pressure many households are under given the current economic environment, we have worked closely with our suppliers to identify discounts that will provide meaningful savings and value to all.”


Pizza Place
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--- title: About ---
Hi, I'm Brandon Hyeung a 4th-year MIS student at the University of Georgia. I DJ various events from bars to parties to networking events to weddings under the moniker Vita Brando.
Here you can find links to my mixes on Mixcloud, as well as social media links and contact info for booking inquiries.


First step
PLACE milk, sugar, corn syrup and vanilla in a pot.
Second step
PON the pot over medium heat, move constantly. When it boils, add the baking soda.
Third step
MOVE the mixture for about 45 minutes or until it turns dark brown and you can see the bottom of the pot.
Fourth step
REMOVE from the heat, cool for 30 minutes, add the nuts and let cool completely.
Fifth step
FORM the glories with the help of two spoons, place them on cellophane paper, wrap them in candy form and enjoy!


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Bulk Uploader
Instructions:
- Prepare a csv document with a column for each variable kind you would like stored (i.e, Artist, Title, Description, filename). Please include an artifact id column or the row numbers will be used as the id
- Inside your csv document, for the "files" column (where you set your file names and such) should use the following format if individual pricing info is desired. To see how to format each file in the array, take a look here at
artifact.storage.files
it contains all the currently allowed variables for the file information including pricing. If you do not care about per file payment info, please just include an array containing strings with the filenames, you also may define columns for the price. Please note that this price will be applied to all files, i.e. if you have a 1¢ play fee, it would apply to all files without requiring you to set that for each individual file. - Place all files into the same folder and name all of your files according to the following format:
{artifact-id}.{filename}.{extension}
aka9c7Ajc.album_artwork.jpg
- Click or Drag and drop the folder containing all of your files to bulk upload onto the dropzone below.
- Select your
.csv
file - Assign JSON locations for each column. After you select your
.csv
file, you should see input boxes show up below the uploader. Each of these input values are linked to one of your Columns in your csv. Input where in the artifact you would like that data variable to be stored. For example, if I had a column named "Artist Name" I would want to link that toartifact.info.extraInfo.artist
as that is how you would reference that variable in the JSON object. Curious what variables are commonly supported? You can check out the official OIP Media Protocol standard here.
Bulk File Publish Uploader
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BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL CENTRAL ZONAL BENCH BHOPAL Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) CORAM: Hon'ble Mr. Justice Dalip Singh (Judicial Member) Hon'ble Mr. P.S.Rao (Expert Member) BETWEEN: Smt. Mithlesh Bai Patel .....Applicant W/o Shri Shahdev Patel, aged 30 yrs, R/o Bikakheda, Tehsil Sihora, District Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh Versus 1. State of Madhya Pradesh Through its Secretary, Deptt. of Mining, Mantralaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 2. Under Secretary, Deptt. of Mining, Mantralaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 3. Central Pollution Control Board, Through its Zonal Officer, 3rd Floor, Shahkar Bhawan, T.T. Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 4. Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Through its Member Secretary, Paryawaran Parisar, E-5, Arera Colony, District Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 5. Collector (Mining) District Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. 6. Ashok Khare S/o Sh. Narmada Prasad Khare, R/o Jwala Mukhi Road, Behind Post Officer, Tehsil Sihora, District Jabalpur, M.P. 7. Chief Secretary, State of Madhya Pradesh, Mantralaya, Vallabh Bhawan, Bhopal. 8. Principal Secretary, Department of Housing & Environment, Mantralaya, Vallabh Bhawan, Bhopal. Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 1 of 20 9. Principal Secretary, Department of Forest, Mantralaya, Vallabh Bhawan, Bhopal. .....Respondents Counsel for Applicant : Shri Bhoopesh Tiwari, Advocate Counsel for Respondent Nos. 1,2,5,7,8&9 : Mr. Ayush Dev Bajpai, Advocate with Mr. H.S. Mohanta, DFO, Jabalpur & Mr. R.J. Parihar, Dy. Collector, Jabapur Counsel for Respondent No. 3: Mr. Suman Mandal, Advocate Counsel for Respondent No. 4: Mr. Shivendu Joshi, Advocate Counsel for Respondent No. 6: Mr. Ajay Gupta, Advocate Dated : March 26th, 2014 J U D G M E N T
1. This Application has been filed by one, Smt. Mithlesh Bai Patel who claims that she is an elected Sarpanch of Village Pratappur, Tehsil Siroha, District Jabalpur and she is filing this Application in larger public interest on behalf of the villagers of Pratappur. She says that she is challenging the order dated 15th May, 2013 in Reference No. F3-7/07/12/2 (Annexure P/8) issued by the Under Secretary, Department of Mines, Government of Madhya Pradesh whereby a Prospecting License (in short referred to as 'PL') for prospecting laterite mineral has been granted in favour of Respondent No. 6 over an area of 5.42 hectares out of the total extent of 9.85 hectares land in Khasra No. 413 of village Pratappur, Tehsil Siroha, District Jabalpur. It is stated that this is a government land under the control of the Revenue Department and there is a dense tree growth with approximately 397 Mahua trees standing in the area allotted for PL and the villagers are having Nistar rights over the land. It falls under the definition of 'Forest' as given under Section 2 of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. She further states that No Objection Certificate (in short referred to as 'NOC') was not Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 2 of 20 obtained from the Forest Department before granting the PL. Initially an application for granting PL for mining iron ore, filed by one, M/s Anand Mining Corporation was recommended by the Government of Madhya Pradesh and PL was granted in their favour but having objected by the villagers, the lease holder could not commence any mining work. Subsequently an application was filed seeking grant of Mining Lease (in short referred to as 'ML') for mining of iron ore over a period of 30 years by M/s Ind Synergy Ltd. However, as the villagers objected, that application was not considered by the Government of Madhya Pradesh for recommending the case to the Central Government and in this regard a Public Interest Litigation (in short referred to as 'PIL') by way of Writ Petition No. 830/2009 was filed by one, Shri Anadilal Sen before the Hon'ble High Court of Madhya Pradesh (Annexure P/1) wherein the Hon'ble High Court vide order dated 4th March, 2009 (Annexure P/2) issued notice to the Respondents and ordered that in case the Central Government grants approval for ML, the Petitioner is at liberty to move the Court for appropriate interim relief.
2. The Applicant further stated in her application that under Mahatma Gandhi NREGS, the Gram Panchayat Pratappur has planted approximately one thousand trees in the said piece of land in Khasra No. 413 during the year 2011 by investing an amount of about Rs.1.48 lakhs. But the Respondent No.6 uprooted the plants and a complaint in this regard was made before the District Collector, Jabalpur vide complaint dated 13th September, 2011(Annexure P/4) but no action was taken by the Collector and it was informed by the office of the Collector that no such application is pending in their office in respect of the aforesaid land for mining purpose (Annexure P/5). The Divisional Forest Officer, Jabalpur vide his letter dated 1st May, 2007 informed the District Collector that 397 Mahua trees are standing in part of Khasra No. 413 in an area of 5.42 hectares (Annexure P/5). When the matter was referred to the SDM, Siroha, it was reported that the land Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 3 of 20 situated in Khasra No. 413 is not fit for mining activities. (Annexure P/6). When NOC was sought from the Forest Department for granting mining lease in Khasra No. 413 and a letter dated 29th October, 2011 was addressed to the Secretary, Mining Department, Government of Madhya Pradesh that this particular piece of land is not a forest land (Annexure P/4)
3. Thus the Applicant has stated that the issue of granting ML for iron ore was taken up twice in the above piece of land and the PIL filed is still pending before the Hon'ble High Court and no NOC was issued by the Forest Department for granting ML. She contended that in order to by-pass the orders of the Hon'ble High Court subsequently an application was moved seeking PL for mining laterite mineral instead of iron ore and accordingly the aforesaid order dated 15-5-2013 was issued by the Government of Madhya Pradesh granting PL to the Respondent No. 6. She further states that earlier vide memo dated 3 rd February, 2007 the then District Collector, Jabalpur had submitted a report to the Secretary, Mining, Government of Madhya Pradesh stating that there are 694 Mahua trees standing in Khasra No. 413 and it is not suitable for granting ML (Annexure P/7). Thus, the Applicant lamented that due to negative reports sent from the office of the District Collector, Jabalpur and inspite of the fact that the land in question is having such large number of Mahua trees, the Government of Madhya Pradesh granted PL over an extent of 5.42 hectares in Khasra No. 413 for laterite mining in favour of Respondent No. 6 (Annexure P/8). It was further stated by the Applicant that a close look at the order dated 15th May, 2013, gives an impression that the mineral limestone is expected to be found rather than laterite and there is neither leterite nor limestone deposits in the said piece of land except iron ore but to circumvent the Hon'ble High Court order, the PL was granted for prospecting laterite since it is only the Central Government which is competent to grant ML in case of iron ore mining and thus an incorrect and false mineral has been mentioned in the order Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 4 of 20 granting PL and there is no clear NOC issued from the Forest Department. The Applicant expressed her concern that if mining activity is taken up in the said piece of land, it will not only lead to removal/damage of the huge number of existing Mahua trees but it will also affect the ecology and environment in the area besides robbing the livelihood opportunities of the villagers as they are presently collecting the Minor Forest Produce (MFP) from the Mahua trees. In support of her claim, she filed photographs depicting tree growth in the said piece of land (Annexure P/9). She further alleged that though the Respondent applied for iron ore mining surprisingly PL was granted for laterite mining and this is a deliberate act on the part of Respondent government to bypass the law. It was further stated that the land in question bears approximately 5.13 million tons of iron ore deposits as per the survey conducted by the Geological Survey of India and ultimately it is not the laterite or limestone but the iron ore that will be mined from the area. She prayed that though the land is a Government land, the Respondent No. 6 should not have been granted PL for mining brushing aside the objections raised by the villagers and thus she had no alternative except to approach this Tribunal seeking justice. She pleaded that the impugned order dated 15th May, 2013 should be quashed immediately.
4. Upon registration of the Application, notices were issued to the Respondents and interim stay was granted on 18th July, 2013 on the operation of the impugned order.
5. The Respondent Nos. 1 to 5 in their reply have stated that the land in question in Khasra No. 413 is not a forest land. In view of the orders of the Hon'ble Supreme Court dated 12th December, 1996 in the matter of T.N. Godavarman vs. Union of India (1997) 2 SCC 267 and as per the Circular No. 16610/7/1-A dated 13th January, 1997 (Annexure RI-1) issued by the Revenue Department, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh wherein on the recommendation of the Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 5 of 20 Expert Committee the following criteria has been fixed to declare the tree clad areas in the state as 'Forest' but not yet notified as 'Forest' under any Act and not recorded as 'Forest' in Government records : -
i. The extent of area should be 10 hectares or more ; ii. On an average the area should consist atleast 200 naturally growing trees per hectare;
6. The Respondent Nos. 1 to 5 further stated that the govt. land in Khasra No. 413 is less than 10 hectares in extent and it was further divided into restricted and unrestricted parts. The restricted part is of 4.43 hectares while the unrestricted part is 5.42 hectares and the Respondent No. 6 has been sanctioned PL for mining over the unrestricted area. Therefore the contention of the Applicant that the land is a forest land, is misconceived and it does not qualify to be brought under the provisions of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. The unrestricted area where the PL for mining was granted, consists 303 Mahua trees which becomes on an average 56 Mahua trees per hectare. It was further stated in the reply that the State Government has not sanctioned the PL in favour of the Respondent No. 6 in suppression of earlier orders but the PL was sanctioned in accordance with law within the purview of Section 11(2) of the Mines & Minerals (Development & Regulations) Act, 1957 considering the preferential rights of the Respondent No. 6 after giving opportunity of hearing to all the parties. The relief sought by the Applicant is premature because it is only the PL that has been granted in favour of the Respondent No. 6 and no permission was granted for cutting the Mahua trees as prospecting of mineral does not require cutting of trees. It was further stated in the reply that MLs were sanctioned in the areas adjacent to the land in question and this application was filed on the instigation of those mine owners whose mines are located adjacent to Khasra No. 413.
Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 6 of 20
7. As directed by the Tribunal, the counsel for the State of Madhya Pradesh filed the report of the Expert Committee constituted in pursuance of the directions of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of T.N. Godavarman vs. Union of India (supra) copy of which has been furnished to the learned counsel for the Respondent No. 6 as well as to the Applicant. A perusal of the report of the Expert Committee indicates that Government lands measuring a total of 16,616.80 hectares are outside the control of the Forest Department but having tree growth and falling in 295 nos. of Khasras located in 146 villages in Jabalpur District and they meet the aforesaid criteria and qualified to be declared as 'Forest'. Thus they are eligible to be brought under the definition of 'Forest' irrespective of their ownership. However, the Khasra no. wise and village wise details were missing in the report. Therefore, the learned counsel for the State of Madhya Pradesh was directed to produce particulars of villages and Khasra numbers where such 'Forests' were identified by the Expert Committee to know whether this particular Khasra No. 413 in village Pratappur finds place in the list or not. The District Collector, Jabalpur in his affidavit dated 28th February 2014 stated that village Pratappur does not find place within the list of 146 villages where 'Forest' was identified by the Expert Committee and therefore the govt. land in Khasra No. 413 is only a revenue land and does not fall under the definition of 'Forest' and therefore Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 is not applicable in this case. The Collector further stated that as per the provisions under Section 2 of the Madhya Pradesh Adim Janjatika Sanrankshan (Vrikshonka hith) Adhiniyam, 1999 which lays down the list of special category trees including Mahua tree at Entry No. '7' and Section 240 of the Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code, 1969 confer powers to the District Collectors to permit cutting of any standing tree including that of Mahua tree. The Collector further stated that the Mahua trees existing in Khasra No. 413 are not the exclusive source of livelihood for the tribals in the area and the PL for mining was Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 7 of 20 granted by the Government of Madhya Pradesh taking into account of the above facts and as mining of minerals is essential for the development of the State of Madhya Pradesh and the country as a whole.
8. The Divisional Forest Officer, Jabalpur was present before the Tribunal and filed an affidavit dated 1st March, 2014 stating that the land in question is a revenue land and not a forest land.
9. The Respondent No. 4 i.e. Madhya Pradesh State Pollution Control Board (MPPCB) filed their reply stating that no application has been received from the Respondent No. 6 for granting any permission for mining and if any such application is required for granting permission under the Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 it will be examined after inspection of the site. It was further stated by the MPPCB that under the EIA Notification dated 14th September, 2006 under the schedule of projects or activities requiring Environment Clearance (EC) the activity of prospecting of minerals is exempted and therefore no EC is required for granting PL in this case. However, the Officer-in-Charge of the area of the MPPCB inspected the site and observed that few pits/holes have been dug up in the site and neither there is any damage caused to the environment nor is any activity going on there. It was further stated that the MPPCB has specifically directed the Respondent No. 6 that without obtaining written consent from the PCB no mining activity shall be undertaken in the area.
10. The Respondent No. 3 i.e. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in their reply has stated that they do not issue any consent/license/NOC/EC/FC in such cases and Prior EC is required to be given by the MoEF/SEIAA depending upon the category of project as specified in EIA Notification dated 14 th September, 2006 and 'Consent to Operate' and 'Consent to Establish' is granted by the concerned State Pollution Control Board under the Water (Prevention & Control of Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 8 of 20 Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and therefore the CPCB has got no role to play in this case.
11. The Respondent No. 6 filed his reply dated 19th September, 2013 stating that the adjudication of the matter as to whether the PL has been rightly granted or not, is outside the purview of this Tribunal as the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 provides that this Tribunal shall have jurisdiction over all the civil cases where substantial question relating to environment is involved and such question arises out of implementation of the enactments specified under schedule-I of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. In this particular application no civil case involving substantial question relating to environment has been raised by the Applicant. It was further stated that the Applicant is under the wrong notion that because the land in Khasra No. 413 is having Mahua trees it falls within the definition of 'Forest' and PL has been granted in violation of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. The Respondent No. 6 averred that the land in question is not a Reserved Forest and as per the recommendations of the Expert Committee constituted consequent to the orders of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of T.N. Godavarman (supra) this particular piece of land has not been declared to come under the definition of 'Forest' and hence Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 is not applicable. It was further stated in the reply that PL was granted only over an area of 5.42 hectares in Khasra No. 413 and not for the entire area of 9.85 hectares and it was also denied that the villagers have got any Nistar rights over the land which is a revenue land and no Mahua usufruct is being collected by the tribals from the trees occurring in the said piece of land. It was further stated by the Respondent No. 6 that presently it is not sure whether the land in question has got any iron ore deposits and no PL was granted in favour of M/s Anand Mining Corporation for iron ore mining. However, the Government of Madhya Pradesh recommended the case of M/s Ind Synergy Limited to the Government of India for Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 9 of 20 granting lease for 30 years for mining of iron ore in Khasra No. 413 over an extent of 5.42 hectares but the said recommendation was not confirmed by the Government of India as the Government of India came to the conclusion that there is no material on record to suggest that iron ore deposits occur in the area and no prospecting of mineral has been done earlier for the purpose of iron ore. It was mentioned as virgin area and thereafter the Central Government directed the State Government to look into the matter and take a fresh decision. Orders dated 8th November, 2010 passed by the Central Government under Section 30 of the Mines & Minerals (Development & Regulations) Act, 1957 are annexed by the Respondent at Annexure R-6/2 and R-6/3. Thereafter, the State Government duly considering all the relevant facts decided to grant PL to Respondent No. 6. It was further stated by the Respondent No. 6 that M/s Ind Synergy Limited filed Writ Petition No. 12062/2011 and 12063/2011 before the Hon'ble High Court of Madhya Pradesh at Jabalpur challenging the order of remand made by the Central Government and vide order dated 16th May, 2012 the Hon'ble High Court dismissed the above petitions (Annexure R6/4). With regard to the PIL filed by Sri Anandilal Sen, it is stated that the PIL was filed in the year 2009 against the order dated 4th October, 2008 of the govt. of Madhya Pradesh by which it was recommended for granting ML for iron ore in favour of Ind Synergy Ltd. However, the Hon'ble High Court has not granted any stay as agreed by the Applicant herself. The Respondent No. 6 averred that perhaps the writ petition must have been rendered infructuous as the Central Government remanded the matter back to the State Government by not accepting the recommendation of the state Government.
12. The Respondent No. 6 further denied that the villagers have planted trees in the land in question under NREGS and no such plantation is existing at the site. The alleged filing of the complaint by the Applicant to the District Collector is Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 10 of 20 only a motivated one and the allegations made therein by her are incorrect. It was further stated that SDM, Siroha only wrote a note sheet on the objections raised by the villagers and not recommended to the Collector that ML should not be granted. Nevertheless, the said objections raised by the villagers were not accepted by the District Collector. Thus ML was recommended by the State Government in favour of M/s Ind Synergy Ltd. in the year 2008 and though the Applicant is aware of it, she has deliberately hidden this fact. Respondent No. 6 further contended that without prospecting of mining being taken up the question of concluding that the said land is harbouring iron ore deposits does not arise and accordingly the Government of India has mentioned in its order that there is no evidence on record to show that the land in question has got iron ore deposits. Therefore, considering all the aspects, the State Government has granted PL for laterite mining to the Respondent No.6. Therefore, only after prospecting is done, it can be ascertained whether the land has got laterite deposits or not. Therefore, it is incorrect on the part of the Applicant to say that the land in question does not consist laterite deposits. The Respondent No. 6 in his application for granting PL clearly stated that it is for prospecting laterite only and just because that few trees are existing on such piece of land which does not qualify to be brought under the definition 'Forest', such activity of granting PL cannot be denied. Any piece of land lying idle for a long period will allow tree growth to come up and simply because few trees have come up on the site in question the plea that no permission shall be granted there for mining activity, is not correct. Moreover prospecting of mine does not require cutting of trees. It was also stated that the Forest Department has not raised any objection and based on the recommendations of the District Collector, the PL was granted by the government and no public places of worship are located in the said piece of land as revealed from the report of the District Collector. Only after the prospecting is completed, application for granting ML Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 11 of 20 shall be made and Government at that time would examine all the aspects and would impose the terms and conditions including compensatory afforestation if required in lieu of the cutting of trees and presently it is only for the purpose of prospecting of mineral and no tree is required to be cut and after prospecting is done, the Government would take a conscious decision as to whether it is necessary to allow mining of the mineral if found located and if required, take up compensatory afforestation on alternate site to compensate the loss of trees existing on the land in question. It was also averred that it is incorrect to say that the aforesaid Mahua tree are the only source of livelihood for the villagers. In the circumstances the Respondent No. 6 prayed for dismissal of the OA.
13. In response to the reply dated 19th September, 2013 of the Respondent No. 6, the Applicant filed rejoinder dated 9th October, 2013 stating that she is challenging the government order on the grounds of disturbance of ecological balance which may occur due to felling of such large number of grown up Mahua trees which are more than 100 years old and it involves a substantial question relating to environment and if the prospecting of mineral is permitted it may lead to subsequent granting of ML and therefore it may be inevitable to fell such large number of trees. It was wrongly stated by the Respondents that the area does not qualify to be declared as 'Forest'. It contains about 397 Mahua trees and the orders of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of T.N. Godavarman (supra) dated 12th December, 1996 are applicable to this particular piece of land and it does qualify to be recorded as 'Forest' where no non-forest activity can be permitted to be taken up. The Applicant further stated that to favour the Respondent No. 6 the authorities deliberately bifurcated the land in Khasra No. 413 to demonstrate that the trees in that particular portion of land where PL is granted in Khasra No. are less in number. PL for mining was granted over 5.42 hectares though initially Respondent No. 6 applied the PL over the entire 9.85 hectares of land in Khasra Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 12 of 20 No. 413. It was further stated that the contention of the Respondent No. 6 that there is no material on record to suggest occurrence of iron ore deposits in the said land, is not correct and in fact the Government of Madhya Pradesh while addressing the Secretary, Department of Mines, Government of India stated that as per the estimates made by the Geological Survey of India, the availability of minor mineral laterite and major mineral iron ore over the said piece of land has been established and the expected quantity of iron ore deposits is approximately 5.13 million tons and the Central Government has only remanded back the matter to the State Government to comply with the norms of principles of natural justice without commenting upon the minutes of the case whether existence of iron ore deposits as stated by the Government, was proved or not. It was further contended by the Applicant that in case of granting PL for a minor mineral Madhya Pradesh Minor Minerals Rules, 1996 come into play and as per Rule 18 of the said rules on receipt of any application the details shall be first circulated on the notice board of Zila Panchayat, Janpad Panchayat and Gram Sabha but in this case this mandatory provision has been not followed. It was also stated that in Madhya Pradesh Minor Minerals Rules, 1996 it is provided that no lease shall be sanctioned without obtaining opinion of the concerned Gram Sabha but in the instant case no such exercise has been done.
14. The counsel for the Applicant in his objections on behalf of the Applicant in response to the Miscellaneous Application No. 140/2013 filed by the Respondent No. 6, has contended that Madhya Pradesh (Prohibition or Cutting of Trees) Rules, 2002 prohibit cutting of trees on hilly grounds. As per rule 5 cutting of Mahua trees without permission of the District Collector in consultation with Gram Panchayat is prohibited and in the instant case the trees are standing on hilly terrain. It was also stated that as per the Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 the tribes consisting Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 13 of 20 about 100 families residing in the village come under the category of forest dwelling tribes and the said Mahua trees are the source of their livelihood and therefore no permission shall be granted for mining.
Discussion
15. Having gone through the averments made by the Applicant and replies submitted by the Respondents and having heard the learned counsel for the parties at length and after persuing the record placed before us it is required to examine the following questions in detail : -
(i) Whether the State Government is competent to grant PL for mining of minor mineral laterite in the Government land where it has earlier recommended to the Central Government for granting ML for iron ore which is a major mineral and why initial granting of iron ore mining over a period of 30 years to M/s Ind Synergy Ltd. was cancelled by the Government ?
(ii) Whether the land in question is qualified to be defined as 'Forest' and does it attract the provisions of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 ?
(iii) Whether there are any Rules/Orders/Notifications prohibiting cutting of Mahua trees as they are one of the important sources of collection of MFP by the tribals and other traditional forest dwellers irrespective of their location on the Government lands other than notified forests or private lands and objections raised by the villagers for granting PL in government land has any legal validity?
We may examine each of the above 3 points in detail as follows.
16. Point No. (i) : -
Initially the Applicant filed this OA challenging the impugned order dated 15th May, 2013 granting PL for prospecting of laterite mineral over Khasra No. 413 in Pratappur village over an extent of 5.42 hectares. Later on, in the MA and Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 14 of 20 rejoinders filed by her, the Applicant contended that as the issue involves substantial question relating to environment she is challenging the order and she is not just challenging the order granting PL per se. This Tribunal can go into the issues concerning the environment and if any decision taken or order issued by the Government or any other authority under any of the existing Acts or Rules that affects the environment, it can be examined and in this particular case the PL is granted by the state government under MP Minor Mineral Rules 1996. However the fact is that initially the State Government recommended to the Government of India for granting of ML for iron ore mining over the same piece of land in Khasra No. 413 but the proposal was returned back to the State Government and it clearly reveals that the State Government took a decision to grant the PL for latetrite which is a minor mineral and comes under the purview of the State Government and the Respondent/Government Authorities could not explain convincingly as to why it was agreed to grant PL for laterite mining when initially ML was proposed to be granted for iron ore mining to M/s Ind Synergy Ltd. However, this issue doesn't come under the purview of this Tribunal The main issue to be considered here is whether there is any violation of environmental laws in granting the PL. Therefore, this Tribunal need not go into the correctness or otherwise of the decision of the state government in granting PL for laterite over the same piece of land where initially it recommended granting of ML for iron ore mining which is a major mineral. Nevertheless, the concern raised by the Applicant that mining activity over the said piece of land involves substantial question relating to environment will not get altered irrespective whether it is mining of iron ore or laterite. Therefore, this Tribunal need not go into the merits of granting PL for laterite mining or ML for iron ore mining. The Applicant may raise this issue with the appropriate authority/ court of law if she Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 15 of 20 finds violation of any Act/rules concerning granting of mining leases by the state government.
17. Point No. (ii) : -
The record placed before us reveals that the land in question is neither a notified forest nor recorded as 'Forest' in revenue/village records. It is a revenue land consisting tree growth. As per the recommendation of the Expert Committee, constituted by the state government in consonance with the Hon'ble Supreme Court orders in the case of T.N.Godavarman (supra), the land is not qualified to be defined as 'Forest' since it did not fulfil the criteria recommended by the Expert Committee constituted in terms of the order dated 12.12.1996 of the Hon'ble Apex Court. Therefore it can be safely concluded that the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 is not applicable to the land in Khasra No. 413. The contention of the Applicant that as per the Hon'ble Supreme Court order the meaning of the definition of 'Forest' shall ipso facto be applied to this particular piece of land, is not agreed to since on the basis of the orders of the Hon'ble Supreme Court the State Government has constituted the Expert Committee which identified areas outside the purview of the Forest Department and which are not recorded as 'Forest' in revenue/village records but bear tree growth and it is found that this particular Khasra No. does not fulfil the criteria and therefore not included in the recommendation of the Expert Committee. Thus the question of application of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 does not arise in this case.
18. Point No. (iii) : -
In exercise of the powers conferred by Sub-Section (1) and Clause LXI of sub-section (2) of Section 258 read with sub-section(1) of Section 240 of the Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code, 1959 the State Government issued Madhya Pradesh (Prohibition or Regulation of the Cutting of Trees) Rules, 2007 wherein certain restrictions have been imposed on cutting of trees. The trees shall not be cut Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 16 of 20 without the permission of concerned Tehsildar on the recommendation of Gram Panchayat level committee. However, the rules prescribe that the trees standing on unoccupied Government land shall not be cut without granting permission in writing by the District Collector and there is no provision of complete ban of cutting Mahua trees standing on Government lands as per the above Rules. The District Collector is having powers to accord permission to cut the Mahua trees under the said Rues. As per the Madhya Pradesh Lokvaniki Adhiniyam, 2001 there is a provision to regulate and facilitate management of tree clad private and revenue lands in the State of Madhya Pradesh wherein felling of trees shall be permitted if management plan is prepared and approved by the competent authority and there is no ban on cutting of Mahua trees. The Applicant did not produce any other order/notification or rule either in the OA or in the subsequent additional applications or rejoinders filed during the course of hearing to the effect that there is a total ban on cutting of standing Mahua trees or any restrictions imposed in the state of Madhya Pradesh. No document was placed before us to the effect that rules have been enacted by the state of Madhya Pradesh declaring the Mahua trees under the category of 'Reserved trees' and they are prohibited from being cut. The rules placed before us reveal that there is a provision of granting permission for cutting Mohua trees. However, in this particular case only PL for mining laterite was granted and no permission was sought or granted for cutting of trees existing on the said piece of land. PL involves only digging holes/small pits on the ground for extracting the mineral samples to arrive at the nature of mineral deposits and their quantity and no felling of trees is required for the purpose.
19. With regard to application of Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 in this case it is found that this Act is not applicable here as the land in question is located neither in a notified scheduled area nor any individual or community rights accrue to the villagers for Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 17 of 20 granting forest rights over a piece of land which is not notified as forest and the land in question doesn't qualify to be brought under the definition 'Forest'.
20. Therefore, mere sanctioning of PL ipso facto does not entail the lease holder to undertake regular mining by clearing the vegetation. The apprehension of the Applicant in this regard is unfounded. Eventually if cutting of trees is required at the time of regular mining, if permitted subsequent to prospecting, it is for the authorities to examine whether it is required to sacrifice such large number of Mahua trees and if so what measures can be taken to compensate the loss of trees. So far no evidence is produced before us that the Respondent-6 resorted to cutting of trees and inspection by the officials of PCB also revealed that no such activities have been taken up. The photographs placed before us also reveal that the said land in Khasra No. is not located on a hilly terrain but it is more or less plain.
21. In conclusion we may observe that though it is for the State Government to examine the issues in totality including the resolutions passed by the Gram Sabha and objections raised by the villagers before granting the PL it is left to the authorities to take the aforesaid observations into account if subsequently ML is granted based on the result of the prospecting of mineral. But in the existing circumstances since it does not come under the category of 'Forest' there is no law prohibiting PL in the said piece of land in Khasra No. 413. Further no information was produced before us as to how much quantity of usufruct is being obtained from the Mahua trees by the villagers and how much dependence they have on these trees for their livelihood and it is for the authorities to examine how to compensate in case the villagers' livelihood is going to be affected if in future these trees are permitted to be cut at the time of granting ML, if granted. The EIA Notification, 2006 requires the Applicant to seek Environmental Clearance (EC) from MoEF/SEIAA at the time of seeking granting of ML and therefore Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) study may be required to be conducted and Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 18 of 20 all the aspects related to the environment and ecology including the existence of Mohua trees on the land in question will have to be examined by the concerned authorities which will take care the concern of the Applicant.
22. While the objective of granting PL for mining is for systematic development of minerals which forms part of the development process of the country, it is the duty of the Central Government and the State Government to take steps to protect the environment and maintain the ecological balance and prevent damage that may be caused by prospecting and mining operations. The Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of M.C.Mehta vs. Union of India, {2009) 6 SCC 142} while stressing the need for regulating the mining activities in a sustainable way in view of the large scale environmental concerns raised across the county and also to prevent further environmental degradation, inter alia, held that;
"......Mining within the principles of sustainable development comes within the concept of 'balancing' whereas mining beyond the principle of sustainable development comes within the concept of 'banning'. It is a matter of degree. Balancing of the mining activity with environment protection and banning such activity are two sides of the same principle of sustainable development".
23. Thus it is mandatory on the part of the authorities to apply the principle of Sustainable Development and therefore any person applying for undertaking mining operations for both major and minor minerals is required to take prior EC from the authority concerned i.e. MoEF at the central level or State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) at the State level. Hence in future if ML is going to be granted over the land in question after the prospecting is done, the authorities shall take into account of the issues raised by the Applicant in this OA along with the EIA report.
24. With the above observations we have no hesitation to dismiss the OA and accordingly the OA stands dismissed. In the facts and circumstances of the case we direct no order as to costs.
Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 19 of 20
25. However, the Applicant has got full liberty to approach the appropriate forum/authority/court of law if ML is granted to the Respondent No. 6 based on the outcome of the prospecting of mineral in violation of any law.
(Mr. Justice Dalip Singh)
Bhopal: Judicial Member
March 26th, 2014
(Mr. P.S. Rao)
Expert Member
Original Application No. 41/2013 (CZ) Page 20 of 20


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|
VL6180(X) API
3.2.0
|
Platform-dependent code. More...
| void | VL6180x_PollDelay (VL6180xDev_t dev) |
| execute delay in all polling api calls : VL6180x_RangePollMeasurement() and VL6180x_AlsPollMeasurement() More... | |
| #define | VL6180x_DEV_DATA_ATTR |
| For user convenience to place or give any required data attribute to the built-in single device instance Useful only when Configuration VL6180x_SINGLE_DEVICE_DRIVER is active. More... | |
| #define | ROMABLE_DATA |
| API Read only data that can be place in rom/flash are declared with that extra keyword. More... | |
| #define | VL6180x_RANGE_STATUS_ERRSTRING 1 |
| Activate error code translation into string. More... | |
| #define | VL6180x_SINGLE_DEVICE_DRIVER 1 |
| Enable lightweight single vl6180x device driver. More... | |
| #define | VL6180X_SAFE_POLLING_ENTER 0 |
| Ensure safe polling method when set. More... | |
| #define | VL6180X_LOG_ENABLE 0 |
| Enable start/end logging facilities. More... | |
| #define | VL6180x_PollDelay(dev) (void)0 |
| Default value : does nothing. More... | |
| #define | LOG_FUNCTION_START(fmt,...) fprintf(log_file, "VL61080 beg %s start @%d\t" fmt "\n", __FUNCTION__, LOG_GET_TIME(), ##__VA_ARGS__) |
| Log function start. More... | |
| #define | LOG_FUNCTION_END(status) fprintf(log_file, "VL61080 end %s @%d %d\n", __FUNCTION__, LOG_GET_TIME(), (int)status) |
| Logging function end with status. More... | |
| #define | LOG_FUNCTION_END_FMT(status, fmt,...) fprintf(log_file, "End %s @%d %d\t"fmt"\n" , __FUNCTION__, LOG_GET_TIME(), (int)status,##__VA_ARGS__) |
| Log function end along with extra optional formated arguments. More... | |
| #define | VL6180x_ErrLog(fmt,...) fprintf(stderr, "VL6180x_ErrLog %s" fmt "\n", __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__) |
| Log error raised in API. More... | |
| #define | VL6180x_HAVE_MULTI_READ 1 |
| Enable I2C multi read support. More... | |
| #define | VL6180x_CACHED_REG 1 |
| Enable Cached Register mode. More... | |
| #define | trace_printf fprinf |
| #define | LOG_GET_TIME() clock() |
| typedef uint8_t | VL6180xDev_t |
| Generic VL6180x device type that does link between API and platform abstraction layer. More... | |
| FILE * | log_file |
Platform-dependent code.
| #define VL6180x_DEV_DATA_ATTR |
For user convenience to place or give any required data attribute to the built-in single device instance
Useful only when Configuration VL6180x_SINGLE_DEVICE_DRIVER is active.
Definition at line 61 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define ROMABLE_DATA |
API Read only data that can be place in rom/flash are declared with that extra keyword.
For user convenience, use compiler specific attribute or keyword to place all read-only data in required data area.
For example using gcc section :
Definition at line 76 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define VL6180x_RANGE_STATUS_ERRSTRING 1 |
Activate error code translation into string.
TODO: michel to apdate
Definition at line 85 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define VL6180x_SINGLE_DEVICE_DRIVER 1 |
Enable lightweight single vl6180x device driver.
Value 1 => Single device capable. Configure optimized API for single device driver with static data and minimal use of ref pointer.
Limited to single device driver or application in non multi thread/core environment.
Value 0 => Multiple device capable. User must review "device" structure and type in vl6180x_platform.h files.
Definition at line 98 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define VL6180X_SAFE_POLLING_ENTER 0 |
Ensure safe polling method when set.
Polling for a condition can be hazardous and result in infinite looping if any previous interrupt status condition is not cleared.
Setting these flags enforce error clearing on start of polling method to avoid it. the drawback are :
Definition at line 115 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define VL6180X_LOG_ENABLE 0 |
Enable start/end logging facilities.
It can generates traces log to help problem tracking analysis and solving
Requires porting LOG_FUNCTION_START, LOG_FUNCTION_END, LOG_FUNCTION_END_FMT
Definition at line 146 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define VL6180x_PollDelay | ( | dev) | (void)0 |
Default value : does nothing.
Macro to be deleted it you implement a real function
Definition at line 219 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define LOG_FUNCTION_START | ( | fmt, | |
| ... | |||
| ) | fprintf(log_file, "VL61080 beg %s start @%d\t" fmt "\n", __FUNCTION__, LOG_GET_TIME(), ##__VA_ARGS__) |
Log function start.
| fmt | Text and printf formating for any extra argument. It can be " " when there is nothing else than the function entry to log. |
| ... | (__VA_ARGS__) extra argument if any, but it can be none. |
Example of time logging using printf and LOG_GET_TIME() macro
Definition at line 249 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define LOG_FUNCTION_END | ( | status) | fprintf(log_file, "VL61080 end %s @%d %d\n", __FUNCTION__, LOG_GET_TIME(), (int)status) |
Logging function end with status.
| status | final status (d) |
Example of time logging using printf and LOG_GET_TIME() macro
Definition at line 264 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define LOG_FUNCTION_END_FMT | ( | status, | |
| fmt, | |||
| ... | |||
| ) | fprintf(log_file, "End %s @%d %d\t"fmt"\n" , __FUNCTION__, LOG_GET_TIME(), (int)status,##__VA_ARGS__) |
Log function end along with extra optional formated arguments.
| status | final status (d) |
| fmt | printf format and string |
| ... | (__VA_ARGS__) extra argument for printf or va_args type function |
Example of time logging using printf and LOG_GET_TIME() macro.
Definition at line 282 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define VL6180x_ErrLog | ( | fmt, | |
| ... | |||
| ) | fprintf(stderr, "VL6180x_ErrLog %s" fmt "\n", __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__) |
Log error raised in API.
Implementation may abort execution but it's not an API requirement
| fmt | text and printf like format list |
| ... | (__VA_ARGS__) optional variable to be formated |
Example of error logging using printf and LOG_GET_TIME() macro
Definition at line 300 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define VL6180x_HAVE_MULTI_READ 1 |
Enable I2C multi read support.
When set to 1, multi read operations are done (when necessary) by the API functions (mainly WAF) to access a bunch of registers instead of individual ones (for speed increase). This requires the VL6180x_RdMulti() function to be implemented.
Definition at line 124 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define VL6180x_CACHED_REG 1 |
Enable Cached Register mode.
In addition to the multi read mode (VL6180x_HAVE_MULTI_READ set to 1), this mode implements an advanced register access mode to speed-up ranging measurements by reading all results registers in one shot (using multi read operation). All post-processing operations (like WAF) are done by accessing the cached registers instead of doing individual register access.
Definition at line 137 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define trace_printf fprinf |
Definition at line 230 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| #define LOG_GET_TIME | ( | ) | clock() |
Definition at line 231 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
Generic VL6180x device type that does link between API and platform abstraction layer.
Definition at line 159 of file vl6180x_platform.h.
| void VL6180x_PollDelay | ( | VL6180xDev_t | dev) |
execute delay in all polling api calls : VL6180x_RangePollMeasurement() and VL6180x_AlsPollMeasurement()
A typical multi-thread or RTOs implementation is to sleep the task for some 5ms (with 100Hz max rate faster polling is not needed). if nothing specific is needed, you can define it as an empty/void macro
| dev | The device |
| FILE* log_file |


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Ocala events
-
most expensive typo in history
PSY - Gangnam Style Lyrics (English & Romanized)
A guy who one-shots his coffee before it even cools down .  Yup, Rain Man Definitely, definitely Dr. Dre · Super dope, beatmaker .
http://rapgenius.com/Eminem-rain-man-lyrics8 Super Chill Songs | Super Tight Stuff
Feb 23, 2009 . Contrary to what Eminem has to say, Moby is a great man with a firm place in American music. People do listen to techno. This particular song .
http://www.supertightstuff.com/02/23/tightmusic/10-super-chill-songs/
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[VIDEO] Beyonce Super Bowl Halftime Show - TVLine
Feb 3, 2013 . Beyoncé's Super Bowl XLVII Halftime Show: What Did You Think? . she gave us very small fragmented pieces of songs, what she did sing was not . I agree with you when you say that she didn't sing live she just shouted . All that was missing was tip row and seedy men with dollar bills in their hands.
http://tvline.com/2013/02/03/beyonce-super-bowl-video/ -
ANY QUESTIONS? Beyonce nails the national anthem during Super ...
Jan 31, 2013 . But Beyoncé refused to say whether she had or hadn't faked it. . Then, she knocked the patriotic song out of the park. . Mohawk police have identified the man suspected of fatally shooting four people and wounding two .
http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music-arts/beyonce-admits-lip-synch-silences-critics-song-article-1.1252397 -
2013 Super Bowl Ad Lineup - Business Insider
Jan 25, 2013 . The actual spot will be about the length the guy will go to in order to get back his . will star in one of the spots, premiering a brand new song during the ad. . While M&M's says it won't release the spot pre-Super Bowl, here's a .
http://www.businessinsider.com/2013-super-bowl-ads-everything-we-know-2012-12?op=11990 mitsubishi van information
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Beyonce's Super Bowl Halftime Performance: What Hollywood Is ...
Feb 3, 2013 . Beyonce took the stage at halftime of Sunday's Super Bowl less than two . Gotta say I'm #crushing . Doritos' Man's Best Friend Super Bowl Commercial . of a stripper while lip-synching to previously recorded songs.
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GANGNAM STYLE - Epic Korean Dance Video | SMOSH
Jul 30, 2012 . Bus Flips Over On Highway (Super Booyah); The Woman Whisperer (Holy Taco). Tweet . So literally he is saying Brother is Gangnam Style. Oppa can also mean as . Saw the dance moves on the news without listening to the song, immediate fan.


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