Party Planning with Probability
Use probability and simulations to estimate the number of guests that will attend your event!
Introduction
My partner recently tasked me with coming up with the guest list for our wedding. Coming up with the list was easy - but how many people could we expect to actually attend? We needed a number to give to the various vendors catering our wedding so, as a bonafide nerd, I turned to probability and simulation for the answer. The idea was to assign a “probability of attendance” for each guest on my list, treat each guest’s attendance as a Bernoulli random variable, and run simulations to determine how many guests we might expect to attend the wedding.
To this end, I whipped up a very simple Python package called pyguest which you can install with:
$ pip install pyguest
An Example
Let’s walk through a quick example of how the package works. Below is the python code to create a hypothetical guest list, with each guest assigned a “probability of attending”.
import math
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
pd.options.plotting.backend = "plotly"
np.random.seed(123)
guest = [f"Guest {i}" for i in range(1, 101)]
proba = np.random.randint(5, 11, 100) / 10
df = pd.DataFrame(proba, index=guest, columns=['Probability of Attending'])
df.head(8)
| Probability of Attending | |
|---|---|
| Guest 1 | 1.0 |
| Guest 2 | 0.7 |
| Guest 3 | 0.9 |
| Guest 4 | 0.7 |
| Guest 5 | 0.6 |
| Guest 6 | 0.8 |
| Guest 7 | 0.7 |
| Guest 8 | 0.8 |
We can use pyguest to simulate wedding attendance from this guest list. The idea is to treat each guest’s attendance as a Bernoulli random variable. For each simulation, we run through all the guests in the list and record how many “successes” we have (i.e, how many guests attend the wedding based on their respective probabilities). I’ve coded this up in pure NumPy and it’s nice and fast - ten thousand simulations can be run in literally the blink of an eye. Here’s the code to do it:
from pyguest import simulate
results = simulate(df['Probability of Attending'], simulations=10000)
print(f"Results shape: {results.shape}")
print(f"First 5 results: {results[:5]}")
Results shape: (10000,)
First 5 results: [69 78 73 78 78]
The results
variable is an array containing the total number of attending guests in each of the 10,000 simulations. We can plot these results to help us understand how many of our 100 hypothetical guests will actually be attending the wedding.
fig = pd.DataFrame(results).plot.hist(histnorm='probability density', width=700, height=400)
fig.update_xaxes(title_text='Number of Guests')
fig.update_yaxes(title_text='Probability of Attending')
fig.update_layout(showlegend=False,
xaxis = dict(range=[57,90], tickmode = 'linear', tick0 = 55, dtick = 5))
Summary
There you have it! We originally had a hypothetical guest list of 100 people, each with an allocated “probability of attendance”. After running 10,000 simulations, we get a distribution of expected guest attenendance and can use this distribution to inform our future planning - want to be conservative? Plan for 85 guests. Want to live a little riskier? You might be able to get away with planning for 75 guests. Obviously the simulation results depend on the probabilites you assign to each guest so use your best judgement!


~ Pizza Parlor ~
Build a pizza
Pizza Size -
$10 Small
$20 Medium
$30 Large
Pizza Topping #1
$5 Pepperoni
$2 Pineapple
$2 Jalepeno
Pizza Topping #2
$5 Pepperoni
$2 Pineapple
$2 Jalepeno
Pizza Topping #3
$5 Pepperoni
$2 Pineapple
$2 Jalepeno
SUBMIT
Your total = $


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In this event, contestants will be provided a starting
template along with a set of various requirements that
contestants must adhere to while building their front-end
website.
Contestants will be given about 2 days to submit
their code.
The websites submitted will be judged based
on several features like creativity, design, readability
of the code, etc.


9
1 This is a declaration of Yahweh's word concerning the land of Hadrach and Damascus. For Yahweh's eye is on all mankind, and also on all the tribes of Israel.
2 This declaration also concerns Hamath, which borders on Damascus, and it concerns Tyre and Sidon, though they are very wise.
3 Tyre has built herself a stronghold and heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets.
4 Look! The Lord will dispossess her and destroy her strength on the sea, so she will be devoured by fire.
5 Ashkelon will see and be afraid! Gaza also will tremble greatly! Ekron, her hopes will be disappointed! The king will perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall no longer be inhabited!
6 Yahweh says, "Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod, and I will cut off the pride of the Philistines.
7 For I will remove their blood from their mouths and their abominations from between their teeth." Then they will become a remnant for our God like a clan in Judah, and Ekron will become like the Jebusites.
8 Yahweh says, "I will camp around my land against enemy armies so no one can pass through or return, for no oppressor will pass any more through it. For now I will watch over my land with my own eyes!
9 Shout with great joy, daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem!
Behold!  He is humble and is riding on a donkey, on the colt of a donkey.
10 Then I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim and the horse from Jerusalem, and the bow will be cut off from battle; for he will speak peace to the nations, and his dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth!
11 And you—because of the blood of my covenant with you—I have set free your prisoners from the pit where there is no water.
12 Return to the stronghold, prisoners of hope! Even today I am declaring that I will return double to you,
13 for I have bent Judah as my bow. I have filled my quiver with Ephraim. I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece, and have made you, Zion, like a warrior's sword!"
14 Yahweh will appear to them, and his arrows will shoot out like lightning! For my Lord Yahweh will blow the trumpet and will advance with the storms from Teman.
15 Yahweh of hosts will defend them, and they will devour them and defeat the stones of the slings.  The young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine!


- KAIST IT Academy - Image Deep Learning with PyTorch (Feb ‘20, co-instructed with Jisu Han)
- A 30-hour course on the basics of deep learning using PyTorch with a focus on image processing, taught in Korean & English.
- KAIST IT Academy - Python Programming Basics (Oct ‘19 & Jan ‘20)
- A 30-hour course on the fundamentals of programming with Python, taught in Korean & English.


Remember all of those family trips where you and your siblings would constantly nag your parents asking them, "Are we there yet?", and they would toss you a paperback filled with, what your parents hoped, hours of blank Mad Libs? Well now you can use these three stories to make and infinate amount of reversions of the same three stories, which will entertain you for probably the same amount of time as the old paperback would! IF you have no idea what any of this means... Follow this link for more information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_Libs


Agent-based simulation environment for EIP 1559.
You can simply run the following commands in a terminal. If you prefer, use a virtual environment to install packages in a local folder.
git clone https://github.com/barnabemonnot/abm1559.git
cd abm1559
###
# Optional: use a virtual environment
python3 -m venv env
source env/bin/activate
###
pip install -r requirements.txt
jupyter lab
We present a brief introduction to the rationale behind EIP 1559 as well as simulate the dynamics of the mechanism, including the basefee.
A good benchmark case to test fee market proposals is stationary demand. In this notebook, we simulate random waves of new users who have value and costs all drawn from the same distribution. Users decide whether to transact or not based on their values and costs. We show that in this environment, the basefee always settles to a stationary level that depends on the congestion of the chain, i.e., how large the demand is.
Before reaching stationarity, or when demand varies rapidly, the market endures transitionary periods where either too many users or too few decide to transact. When there are too few, the basefee naturally decreases. But when there are too many, users have an incentive to increase their premiums during this transitionary period, until sufficiently many users are discouraged by the basefee level, at which point being strategic is no longer helpful. We investigate this dynamics and briefly compare the efficiency in both strategic and non-strategic cases.
As shown by the previous notebook, strategic users in 1559 sometimes have the incentive to enter tip auctions when demand increases rapidly. The escalator is a proposal to automate in protocol the “transaction resubmission” pattern where a strategic user increases their bid over time until inclusion. Combined with 1559 to obtain a good default starting bid, the escalator could help users with various time preferences optimise their resubmission during demand shifts. In this introductory notebook, we present the behaviour of various user strategies and discuss their efficiency.
1559 will be introduced by a soft transition out of the legacy behaviour, with legacy transactions cast into 1559 format by setting their parameters from the declared gas price. This notebook investigates first the behaviour of legacy users in an environment where price references are provided by distributional oracles. We observe the inefficiencies of the legacy, first-price auction-based systems: sticky prices leading to overpayment and “bubbles” driven by high-value users. Meanwhile the introduction of the basefee and basefee-following users (explored in previous notebooks) “cools” the market, reducing the gap between transaction fees and true market-clearing price.


Tamil Songs
English Songs
Hollywood Songs
Sinhala Songs
Aathi songs
Selfie pulla song
pakkam vanthu
Nee yaro


New Job Estimate
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enter total amount
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enter percentage
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Derrick Li
GitHub
Derrick Li
Welcome to my portfolio page.
Projects
Below are select projects from my CS coursework.
Web Development (
== Live)
How-To Guide on Using NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day API [JS/HTML/CSS]

GitHub

JSFiddle
Grocery Price Tracker Web Application [Node.js/Express/jQuery/Bootstrap/MySQL]

GitHub
Single-Page Web Application Using a Database - Workout Tracker [Node.js/Express/MySQL/HTML/CSS]

GitHub
Course Student API [Node.js/Express/Google-Datastore(NoSQL)/Auth0/JWT]

GitHub
C/C++
File Transfer Program Using Socket Programming [C & Python]
Chat Application Using Socket Programming [C & Python]
Small Shell [C]
Spell Checker Using Hash Table [C]
To-Do List Using Heap Data Structure [C]
Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) Approximation Solver [C++]
Text-Based Adventure Game: ESCAPE: STARSHIP CRASH! [C++]
Text-Based Fighting Simulation Game: Fantasy Combat Vol. I [C++]
Text-Based Fighting Simulation Game: Fantasy Combat Vol. II: Tournament [C++]
Langton's Ant Simulation [C++]
Two-Player Tic-Tac-Toe Game [C++]
Java
Hangman Game [Java]
Breakout Game [Java]
Python
Text-Based Adventure-Puzzle Game: NEW SAN DIEGO SAGA
© Derrick Li
Design:
HTML5 UP


homura.callbacks package¶
Submodules¶
homura.callbacks.base module¶
-
class
homura.callbacks.base.
Callback
[source]¶ Bases:
homura.callbacks.base._Callback
-
master_only
= False¶
-
-
class
homura.callbacks.base.
CallbackList
(callbacks)[source]¶ Bases:
homura.callbacks.base.Callback
Combine some callbacks
- Parameters
callbacks – callbacks
homura.callbacks.metrics module¶
-
class
homura.callbacks.metrics.
AccuracyCallback
(k=1, target_index=1)[source]¶ Bases:
homura.callbacks.metrics.MetricCallback
Callback for accuracy
- Parameters
k – report top-k accuracy
target_index – index of target in data
-
class
homura.callbacks.metrics.
IOUCallback
[source]¶ Bases:
homura.callbacks.metrics.MetricCallback
Callback for IOU (classwise and mean IOU)
-
class
homura.callbacks.metrics.
LossCallback
[source]¶ Bases:
homura.callbacks.metrics.MetricCallback
Callback for loss function
-
class
homura.callbacks.metrics.
MetricCallback
(metric, name, logger=None, reduction='average', no_reduce=False)[source]¶ Bases:
homura.callbacks.base.Callback
Base class of MetricCallback class such as AccuracyCallback
- Parameters
metric – metric function: (data) -> float
name – name of the metric
logger –
no_reduce – skip reducing when distributed
reduction – reduction method after every epoch
-
property
history
¶ History of metric.
- Returns
dict of histories in {mode: [history]}
Using this property, history of metrics can be used after a training loop
>>> metric = ... >>> # training loop >>> final_result = metric.history["val"][-1]
homura.callbacks.reporters module¶
-
class
homura.callbacks.reporters.
CallImage
(key, report_freq=None)[source]¶ Bases:
homura.callbacks.base.Callback
Fetch image from data by key. If want to report image by epoch, set report_freq=None (default)
-
master_only
= True¶
-
-
class
homura.callbacks.reporters.
IOReporter
(save_dir)[source]¶ Bases:
homura.callbacks.reporters.Reporter
Reporter based on IO, i.e., save json files for scalars and image files for images.
-
class
homura.callbacks.reporters.
Reporter
(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Bases:
homura.callbacks.reporters._ReporterBase
Virtual base class of reporters. If global_rank>0, i.e., not master node in distributed learning, _ReporterBase is used.
-
master_only
= True¶
-
-
class
homura.callbacks.reporters.
TQDMReporter
(iterator, verb=False)[source]¶ Bases:
homura.callbacks.reporters.Reporter
Reporter with TQDM
- Parameters
iterator – iterator to be wrapped.
>>> t_reporter = TQDMReporter(range(100)) >>> for ep in t_reporter: >>> pass
-
master_only
= False¶
-
class
homura.callbacks.reporters.
TensorboardReporter
(save_dir, report_freq=None, is_global_step_epoch=True)[source]¶ Bases:
homura.callbacks.reporters.Reporter
Reporter with Tensorboard
- Parameters
save_dir – directory where the log is saved
- Report_freq
Frequency of reporting in iteration. If None, reported by epoch.
homura.callbacks.saver module¶
-
class
homura.callbacks.saver.
WeightSave
(save_path, last_only=False)[source]¶ Bases:
homura.callbacks.base.Callback
Save weights after every epoch
- Parameters
save_path – path to be saved
save_freq – frequency of saving in epoch. If -1, saved by after_all.
-
master_only
= True¶


0161-5028632<EMAIL_ADDRESS>This project is designed for native android, supported in ANDROID STUDIO


cv::DMatch Class Reference
Class for matching keypoint descriptors. More...
#include <opencv2/core/types.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| DMatch () | |
| DMatch (int _queryIdx, int _trainIdx, float _distance) | |
| DMatch (int _queryIdx, int _trainIdx, int _imgIdx, float _distance) | |
| bool | operator< (const DMatch &m) const |
Public Attributes | |
| float | distance |
| int | imgIdx |
| train image index More... | |
| int | queryIdx |
| query descriptor index More... | |
| int | trainIdx |
| train descriptor index More... | |
Detailed Description
Class for matching keypoint descriptors.
query descriptor index, train descriptor index, train image index, and distance between descriptors.
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
◆ DMatch() [1/3]
| cv::DMatch::DMatch | ( | ) |
◆ DMatch() [2/3]
| cv::DMatch::DMatch | ( | int | _queryIdx, |
| int | _trainIdx, | ||
| float | _distance | ||
| ) |
◆ DMatch() [3/3]
| cv::DMatch::DMatch | ( | int | _queryIdx, |
| int | _trainIdx, | ||
| int | _imgIdx, | ||
| float | _distance | ||
| ) |
Member Function Documentation
◆ operator<()
| bool cv::DMatch::operator< | ( | const DMatch & | m | ) | const |
Member Data Documentation
◆ distance
| float cv::DMatch::distance |
◆ imgIdx
| int cv::DMatch::imgIdx |
train image index
◆ queryIdx
| int cv::DMatch::queryIdx |
query descriptor index
◆ trainIdx
| int cv::DMatch::trainIdx |
train descriptor index
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- opencv2/core/types.hpp


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It is expected, that this folder contains Microsoft files to build libraries:
lib.exe
mspdb71.dll
which are the part of the Visual Studio.
If the system Visual Studio is installed at your computer, then you may copy these files to this folder or you must set appropriate path to the file lib.exe in those cmd files, which are responsible for the building libraries (.lib files).


Copyright © 2010 Marc Worrell Date: 2010-05-04
Authors: Marc Worrell (marc@worrell.nl).
| queue_allow/2 | |
| queue_deny/2 | |
| queue_list/2 | |
| queue_request/3 | Queue a request for an action with some actors. |
queue_allow(Request, Context) -> any()
queue_deny(Request, Context) -> any()
queue_list(Actor, Context) -> any()
queue_request(ToActors, Request, Context) -> any()
Queue a request for an action with some actors. Eg. request to add an edge to a resource for which the current actor doesn't have permissions.
Generated by EDoc, Oct 13 2011, 14:45:56.


This tool walks through a single LIFT dictionary file, reporting on Writing Systems lang tags in use. The LDML Writing System repository is checked to see if all these tags exist, with the correct file name. You can rename writing systems (and related data in the lift file), and delete unused writing systems files.
This tool can be configured under the config tab. By default the tool reports on what could be done. Use the checkboxes to enable the various fixes.
The input lift file is not modified. If the fixes are enabled the modified lift is saved as [filename].processed.lift. LDML files can be deleted by this tool, so make a backup first.
Cambell Prince


HSM for Signing¶
To ensure high security of your validator, you will want to sign your votes and block proposals using a HSM.
Why use a HSM¶
Tendermint introduction¶
In the Tendermint consensus, all validators in the active validator set participate by submitting block proposals and voting on them (using prevotes and precommits).
The vote of your validator is authenticated using a cryptographic signature, so that other people know that the vote came from you and no one can impersonate you (which would break the consensus mechanism).
This coordinated consensus, which is split into several steps, ensures that at least 2/3+ of the validators have the same view of the network since it requires 2/3+ votes for a block in order to finalize it.
With this restriction in place, we would assume that it is impossible for two different chains (forks) to exist a time, since it is not possible to get 2 times 2/3+ votes on two conflicting blocks in a 3/3 validator set.
Double signing¶
However, this excludes the scenario of double voting/proposing.
In this scenario, the byzantine proposer in the consensus round creates two conflicting blocks and sends them out to the network.
If we assume that we also have other byzantine actors in the validator set which want to profit from both chains, these will also vote for both blocks.
That means that honest nodes in the network could see 2 different blocks at the same height with different contents and hashes. From this point on the network has forked.
Outside viewers of the network will not know which block is correct and from now on there will not be a single truth. This is the exact scenario we want to prevent with PBFT-like consensus systems.
How Cosmos prevents forks¶
Now that we know the 2 reasons that cause forks:
- Conflicting proposals by the same validator
- Conflicting votes by the same validator
Both can be summarized as double signing. In order to create two conflicting proposals/votes, a validator needs to sign two consensus messages for the same HRS pair with its key.
Tendermint allows other validators to record evidence of byzantine behaviour in blocks. Cosmos makes use of this features and slashes validators that double sign. At the moment, the slashing rate is set to 20% of all bonded Atoms, which is very substantial amount.
This strict slashing condition makes it extremely important for validators to avoid double signing in order to ensure network security and prevent being slashed.
Problems of the default signing implementation¶
Lets assume a scenrio in which your validator host is compromised by a malicious actor who wants to financially hurt you and your customers (people staking tokens with you).
If you are using the default FilePV, which stores the private key associated with your validator on the file system, the attacker can compromise your host and steal your priv_validator.json file. From then on, he has the ability to sign any consensus message with your validator’s key.
That way, the attacker could double sign on your behalf, triggering the slashing conditions for you forever since validator keys cannot currently be replaced, ruining your validator.
For this reason, it’s crucial that your validator key cannot be stolen, even if your node is compromised.
The solution¶
A HSM is a separate hardware component that stores keys and - unless configured to perform differently - will not allow you to extract the private keys it stores. However, it will use the private key to sign/encrypt data for you.
HSMs use special tamper-proof secure elements which make it extremely hard to extract the secret keys, even with physical access.
This allows you to store your validator private key on a HSM and not leave it exposed on the filesystem of the validator host.
Using a special software component, Tendermint will ask the HSM to sign the consensus message without ever handling the private key itself.
In case of validator compromise, the attacker would not be able to extract your private key and he could only make you double sign as long as he controls your host.
This can be further mitigated by having an encrypted session between Tendermint and the HSM and doing proper secrets management. With such measures in place, it would be harder for a validator to get the HSM to sign arbitrary data and you would have more time to detect and mitigate the attack.
HSM implementations¶
KMS by Tendermint¶
KMS (Key Management Service) is a reference implementation of pluggable signing modules in a separate software component, maintained by Tendermint.
KMS is a separate process which handles signing and implements double signing protection (like keeping track of the last signed messages).
This component communicates with the Tendermint node using a encrypted channel to prevent MITM attacks.
Signers are implemented as plugins which makes is very extensible and flexible. Examples of implemented signers include the YubiHSM2, Ledger Nano S and the traditional file signer mentioned above.
The advantage of running a separate host (or an SGX enclave) for key management is that in case of a validator host compromise, your KMS host will remain secure and the built-in double signing protection in the KMS will prevent it from responding to double signing requests from the compromised validator host.
At the time of writing, the KMS service is actively being developed and not yet ready to be used.
You can watch the progress and contribute here in the KMS Github repository.
Aiakos by Certus One¶
While KMS connects to Tendermint via a socket, Aiakos is an in-process signer implementation and compiled into gaiad. Aiakos uses the PrivValidator interface of Tendermint to implement a direct wrapper to the YubiHSM2.
We also implemented a YubiHSM Go library.
In order to use Aiakos, you have to install the Yubico YubiHSM2 connector on your host and apply a small patch your Cosmos node source to register it (a validator should always build their own cosmos-sdk binaries - see the article on building Cosmos).
Your Cosmos node will then attempt to connect to the YubiHSM and optionally import a key specified by you to the HSM. All consensus messages will then be signed using the HSM.
We initially designed Aiakos as part of our proprietary JANUS active-active validator, but it can also be used as a standalone signer. We found the socket interface to be too unreliable, and KMS not ready for production, so we set out to build a minimal, easily audited YubiHSM 2 PrivValidator. We chose to write it in Go to avoid the extra complexity of using Rust, which we thought offered little tangible security benefits over Go in this use case.
By being in-process, Aiakos is much more reliable, but slightly less secure than KMS since it doesn’t implement double signing protection in the event of a validator compromise. We decided that, for now, using the socket interface with the pre-release KMS software poses a greater risk than the (unlikely, given the minimal attack surface for remote code execution) event of an attacker somehow compromising the validator host, but not the KMS host unless completely separate infrastructure is used for KMS.
Tendermint is written in Go, which is a memory-safe language, making remote code execution highly unlikely. Most threat scenarios would involve a full infrastructure compromise, like a compromised workstation, supply chain or operating system vendor.
The remaining issue of logic errors which would trick the validator into double signing can be mitigated using double-signing prevention which we implemented at the JANUS layer.
However, we do believe that high-assurance double-signing prevention is worth pursuing, and we plan to either switch JANUS to KMS once it’s ready, and/or work with the community to improve support for out-of-process signers and move Aiakas and JANUS to an out-of-process model. That being said, this will only provide a tangible security advantage if the out-of-process signer itself runs in an isolated environment like SGX and is able to replicate state to standby instances in a high-availability setup.
How to setup a Cosmos validator with Aiakos YubiHSM2 support¶
- Clone cosmos-sdk and checkout the version you want to use.
- Modify the file server/start.go and insert this code in the
startInProcess
function, before “// create & start tendermint node”
if os.Getenv("AIAKOS_URL") == "" {
return nil, errors.New("no Aiakos hsm url specified. Please set AIAKOS_URL in the format host:port")
}
aiakosUrl := os.Getenv("AIAKOS_URL")
if os.Getenv("AIAKOS_SIGNING_KEY") == "" {
return nil, errors.New("no Aiakos signing key ID specified. Please set AIAKOS_SIGNING_KEY")
}
aiakosSigningKey, err := strconv.ParseUint(os.Getenv("AIAKOS_SIGNING_KEY"), 10, 16)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.New("invalid Aiakos signing key ID.")
}
if os.Getenv("AIAKOS_AUTH_KEY") == "" {
return nil, errors.New("no Aiakos auth key ID specified. Please set AIAKOS_AUTH_KEY")
}
aiakosAuthKey, err := strconv.ParseUint(os.Getenv("AIAKOS_AUTH_KEY"), 10, 16)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.New("invalid Aiakos auth key ID.")
}
if os.Getenv("AIAKOS_AUTH_KEY_PASSWORD") == "" {
return nil, errors.New("no Aiakos auth key password specified. Please set AIAKOS_AUTH_KEY_PASSWORD")
}
aiakosAuthPassword := os.Getenv("AIAKOS_AUTH_KEY_PASSWORD")
// Init Aiakos module
hsm, err := aiakos.NewAiakosPV(aiakosUrl, uint16(aiakosSigningKey), uint16(aiakosAuthKey), aiakosAuthPassword, ctx.Logger.With("module", "aiakos"))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Start Aiakos
err = hsm.Start()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if os.Getenv("AIAKOS_IMPORT_KEY") == "TRUE" {
ctx.Logger.Info("importing private key to Aiakos because AIAKOS_IMPORT_KEY is set.")
filepv := pvm.LoadOrGenFilePV(cfg.PrivValidatorFile())
key := filepv.PrivKey.(ed25519.PrivKeyEd25519)
err = hsm.ImportKey(uint16(aiakosSigningKey), key[:32])
if err != nil {
ctx.Logger.Error("Could not import key to HSM; skipping this step since it probably already exists", "error", err)
}
}
- Add import for
"github.com/certusone/aiakos"
,"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/crypto/ed25519"
,"os"
and"strconv"
to the file’s import section. - Replace
pvm.LoadOrGenFilePV(cfg.PrivValidatorFile())
withhsm
(keep the comma at the end of the line) - Run dep ensure -v
- Build cosmos as described in the README
- Install the YubiHSM connector on the host machine
- Run the YubiHSM connector (we recommend a sytemd service unit)
- Update AuthKeys and generate a EdDSA signing-key on the HSM (optional)
Now you can run your Cosmos node with HSM support.
You need to set the following environment variables when running your node:
- AIAKOS_URL
- The URL of the YubiHSM connector. Usually localhost:12345
- AIAKOS_AUTH_KEY
- The ID of the Auth Key. Default 1
- AIAKOS_AUTH_KEY_PASSWORD
- The password of the Auth Key. Default “password”
- AIAKOS_SIGNING_KEY
- The ID of the signing key. The one you generated before or a free slot.
- AIAKOS_IMPORT_KEY
- Do you want to import your priv_validator.json to the HSM. “TRUE” if yes
Todo
Provide a patchset which applies on top of the latest cosmos-sdk master
HSM hardware¶
For the sake of diversity, the Cosmos community shoudn’t rely on a single HSM and we hope that more vendors will add EdDSA support to their HSMs.
Aiakos is a great starting point for validators who want to implement a custom signer for a new type of HSM.
YubiHSM2¶
The YubiHSM2 by Yubico is the most commonly used HSM among Cosmos validators.
It is quite affordable and is among the (very) few HSMs which supports EdDSA.
The HSM runs from a USB port. We recommend you to use an internal USB port for better protection against accidental damage as well as physical security considerations.
| [1] | Hardware Security Module |
| [2] | state of the blockchain, transactions and application |
| [3] | containing different transactions, e.g. double-spending |
| [4] | pair of (block-) height, (consensus-) round, (consensus-) step |
| [5] | malicious |
| [6] | man-in-the-middle |


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} Example - Passing data {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "includes/breadcrumb_examples.html" %} Which of these applies to your vehicle? (Select all that apply) Which of these applies to your vehicle? (Select all that apply) Heated seats GPS Radio {% endblock %}
Which of these applies to your vehicle? (Select all that apply)


I am a agriculturist researcher and a programming student into Moringa school
I am a passionate in a personal development
Programming trainee: Moringa school(2020-2021)
Agriculture economics and agribusiness: university of Rwanda (2011-2015)


© 2019
| allantoides allantoides allantoides | sausage like | |||
| allas | allant | noun/m | αλλασ, αντοϛ forced-meat, a sausage like dish | |
| oides | oid | adj | -οειδεϛ adjective suffix for nouns: like, resemble | |
| alliaceus alliacea alliaceum | like Allium, garlic like | |||
| allium | alli | noun/n | garlic, from which the species name Allium is taken | |
| aceus | ace | adj | adjective suffix for nouns: resembles, of..., ...like, mixture using, fragrance of; borrowed from nouns declined like ...ax, ...acis + eus | |
| Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry Thlaspi alliaceum L. | ||||
| alligatus alligata alligatum | bound | |||
| alligatus | alligat | ppar | alligo to bind | |
| Carex alligata Boott | ||||
| allioides allioides allioides | like the genus Allium (onion, garlic) | |||
| allium | alli | noun/n | garlic, from which the species name Allium is taken | |
| oides | oid | adj | -οειδεϛ adjective suffix for nouns: like, resemble | |
| Scaligeria allioides (Regel & Schmalh.) Boiss. | ||||
| allocarpus allocarpa allocarpum | different seed | |||
| allos | all | adj | αλλοϛ another, other; different, foreign | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| carpos | carp | noun/m | καρποϛ fruit | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Polygonum allocarpum Blake | ||||
| allochrous allochroa allochroum | a different color | |||
| allochrous | allochro | adj | αλλοχρουϛ differently colored | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Astragalus allochrous Gray | ||||
| allocotus allocota allocotum | unusual kind | |||
| allocotos | allocot | adj | of an unusual kind; strange | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Erigeron allocotus Blake | ||||
| allophanus allophana allophanum | appearing otherwise | |||
| allophanes | allophan | adj | ||
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Lecanora allophana Nyl. | ||||
| allophyllus allophylla allophyllum | leaves of another type | |||
| allos | all | adj | αλλοϛ another, other; different, foreign | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| phyllon | phyll | noun/n | φυλλον leaf; foliage | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Monarda allophylla Michx. | ||||
| alloplectus alloplecta alloplectum | differently plaited | |||
| allos | all | adj | αλλοϛ another, other; different, foreign | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| plectus | plect | adj | plecto πλεκτο plaited, twisted | |
| almeriensis almeriensis almeriense | Almeria, se Spain | |||
| almeria | almeri | noun/f | Al-Mariya Arabic mirror of the sea | |
| ensis | ens | adj | adjective suffix for nouns: country or place of origin or habitat | |
| Teucrium almeriense C. E. Hubb. & Sandwith | ||||
| almus alma almum | nourishing | |||
| almus | alm | adj | affording nourishment | |
| Carex alma Bailey Paspalum almum Chase Rubus almus (Bailey) Bailey | ||||
| alni alnorum | of the alder(s) | |||
| generative of alnus | aln | noun/f | alder | |
| Mycoglaena alni (Dearness & House) Barr Crataegus alnorum Sarg. | ||||
| alnifolius alnifolia alnifolium | leaves like the genus Alnus (alder) | |||
| alnus | aln | noun/f | alder | |
| i | i | cnct | connective vowel used by botanical Latin | |
| folius | foli | adj | folium leaf | |
| Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Viburnum alnifolium Marsh. Cercocarpus alnifolius Rydb. | ||||
| alnoides alnoides alnoides | like the genus Alnus (alder) | |||
| alnus | aln | noun/f | alder | |
| oides | oid | adj | -οειδεϛ adjective suffix for nouns: like, resemble | |
| Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don | ||||
| alnophilus alnophila alnophilum | alder loving | |||
| alnus | aln | noun/f | alder | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| philus | phil | adj | philos φιλοσ, ε, ον loved; loving, friendly, fond | |
| us Latinizing suffix | ||||
| alnus alni | alder | |||
| alnus | aln | noun/f | alder | |
| Frangula alnus P.Mill. |


|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object java.lang.Class<T>
public final class Class<T>
Instances of the class Class
represent classes and
interfaces in a running Java application. An enum is a kind of
class and an annotation is a kind of interface. Every array also
belongs to a class that is reflected as a Class
object
that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number
of dimensions. The primitive Java types (boolean
,
byte
, char
, short
,
int
, long
, float
, and
double
), and the keyword void
are also
represented as Class
objects.
Class
has no public constructor. Instead Class
objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes
are loaded and by calls to the defineClass
method in the class
loader.
The following example uses a Class
object to print the
class name of an object:
void printClassName(Object obj) { System.out.println("The class of " + obj + " is " + obj.getClass().getName()); }
It is also possible to get the Class
object for a named
type (or for void) using a class literal
(JLS Section 15.8.2).
For example:
System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());
ClassLoader.defineClass(byte[], int, int)
,
Serialized Form| Method Summary | ||
|---|---|---|
|
asSubclass(Class<U> clazz)
Casts this Class object to represent a subclass of the class represented by the specified class object. |
|
T |
cast(Object obj)
Casts an object to the class or interface represented by this Class object. |
|
boolean |
desiredAssertionStatus()
Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked. |
|
static Class<?> |
forName(String className)
Returns the Class object associated with the class or
interface with the given string name. |
|
static Class<?> |
forName(String name,
boolean initialize,
ClassLoader loader)
Returns the Class object associated with the class or
interface with the given string name, using the given class loader. |
|
|
getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass)
Returns this element's annotation for the specified type if such an annotation is present, else null. |
|
Annotation[] |
getAnnotations()
Returns all annotations present on this element. |
|
String |
getCanonicalName()
Returns the canonical name of the the underlying class as defined by the Java Language Specification. |
|
Class[] |
getClasses()
Returns an array containing Class objects representing all
the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
represented by this Class object. |
|
ClassLoader |
getClassLoader()
Returns the class loader for the class. |
|
Class<?> |
getComponentType()
Returns the Class representing the component type of an
array. |
|
Constructor<T> |
getConstructor(Class... parameterTypes)
Returns a Constructor object that reflects the specified
public constructor of the class represented by this Class
object. |
|
Constructor[] |
getConstructors()
Returns an array containing Constructor objects reflecting
all the public constructors of the class represented by this
Class object. |
|
Annotation[] |
getDeclaredAnnotations()
Returns all annotations that are directly present on this element. |
|
Class[] |
getDeclaredClasses()
Returns an array of Class objects reflecting all the
classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
this Class object. |
|
Constructor<T> |
getDeclaredConstructor(Class... parameterTypes)
Returns a Constructor object that reflects the specified
constructor of the class or interface represented by this
Class object. |
|
Constructor[] |
getDeclaredConstructors()
Returns an array of Constructor objects reflecting all the
constructors declared by the class represented by this
Class object. |
|
Field |
getDeclaredField(String name)
Returns a Field object that reflects the specified declared
field of the class or interface represented by this Class
object. |
|
Field[] |
getDeclaredFields()
Returns an array of Field objects reflecting all the fields
declared by the class or interface represented by this
Class object. |
|
Method |
getDeclaredMethod(String name,
Class... parameterTypes)
Returns a Method object that reflects the specified
declared method of the class or interface represented by this
Class object. |
|
Method[] |
getDeclaredMethods()
Returns an array of Method objects reflecting all the
methods declared by the class or interface represented by this
Class object. |
|
Class<?> |
getDeclaringClass()
If the class or interface represented by this Class object
is a member of another class, returns the Class object
representing the class in which it was declared. |
|
Class<?> |
getEnclosingClass()
Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class. |
|
Constructor<?> |
getEnclosingConstructor()
If this Class object represents a local or anonymous class within a constructor, returns a Constructor object representing
the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
class. |
|
Method |
getEnclosingMethod()
If this Class object represents a local or anonymous class within a method, returns a Method object representing the
immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. |
|
T[] |
getEnumConstants()
Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this Class object does not represent an enum type. |
|
Field |
getField(String name)
Returns a Field object that reflects the specified public
member field of the class or interface represented by this
Class object. |
|
Field[] |
getFields()
Returns an array containing Field objects reflecting all
the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
this Class object. |
|
Type[] |
getGenericInterfaces()
Returns the Types representing the interfaces directly implemented by the class or interface represented by this object. |
|
Type |
getGenericSuperclass()
Returns the Type representing the direct superclass of the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this Class. |
|
Class[] |
getInterfaces()
Determines the interfaces implemented by the class or interface represented by this object. |
|
Method |
getMethod(String name,
Class... parameterTypes)
Returns a Method object that reflects the specified public
member method of the class or interface represented by this
Class object. |
|
Method[] |
getMethods()
Returns an array containing Method objects reflecting all
the public member methods of the class or interface represented
by this Class object, including those declared by the class
or interface and those inherited from superclasses and
superinterfaces. |
|
int |
getModifiers()
Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded in an integer. |
|
String |
getName()
Returns the name of the entity (class, interface, array class, primitive type, or void) represented by this Class object, as a String. |
|
Package |
getPackage()
Gets the package for this class. |
|
ProtectionDomain |
getProtectionDomain()
Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class. |
|
URL |
getResource(String name)
Finds a resource with a given name. |
|
InputStream |
getResourceAsStream(String name)
Finds a resource with a given name. |
|
Object[] |
getSigners()
Gets the signers of this class. |
|
String |
getSimpleName()
Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the source code. |
|
Class<? super T> |
getSuperclass()
Returns the Class representing the superclass of the entity
(class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this
Class . |
|
TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] |
getTypeParameters()
Returns an array of TypeVariable objects that represent the type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this GenericDeclaration object, in declaration order. |
|
boolean |
isAnnotation()
Returns true if this Class object represents an annotation type. |
|
boolean |
isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass)
Returns true if an annotation for the specified type is present on this element, else false. |
|
boolean |
isAnonymousClass()
Returns true if and only if the underlying class is an anonymous class. |
|
boolean |
isArray()
Determines if this Class object represents an array class. |
|
boolean |
isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls)
Determines if the class or interface represented by this Class object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
Class parameter. |
|
boolean |
isEnum()
Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the source code. |
|
boolean |
isInstance(Object obj)
Determines if the specified Object is assignment-compatible
with the object represented by this Class . |
|
boolean |
isInterface()
Determines if the specified Class object represents an
interface type. |
|
boolean |
isLocalClass()
Returns true if and only if the underlying class is a local class. |
|
boolean |
isMemberClass()
Returns true if and only if the underlying class is a member class. |
|
boolean |
isPrimitive()
Determines if the specified Class object represents a
primitive type. |
|
boolean |
isSynthetic()
Returns true if this class is a synthetic class; returns false otherwise. |
|
T |
newInstance()
Creates a new instance of the class represented by this Class object. |
|
String |
toString()
Converts the object to a string. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
| Method Detail |
|---|
public String toString()
getName
. If this Class
object represents a
primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type. If
this Class
object represents void this method returns
"void".
toString
in class Object
public static Class<?> forName(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException
Class
object associated with the class or
interface with the given string name. Invoking this method is
equivalent to:
whereClass.forName(className, true, currentLoader)
currentLoader
denotes the defining class loader of
the current class.
For example, the following code fragment returns the
runtime Class
descriptor for the class named
java.lang.Thread
:
Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")
A call to forName("X") causes the class named X to be initialized.
className
- the fully qualified name of the desired class.
Class
object for the class with the
specified name.
LinkageError
- if the linkage fails
ExceptionInInitializerError
- if the initialization provoked
by this method fails
ClassNotFoundException
- if the class cannot be locatedpublic static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize, ClassLoader loader) throws ClassNotFoundException
Class
object associated with the class or
interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same
format returned by getName
) this method attempts to
locate, load, and link the class or interface. The specified class
loader is used to load the class or interface. If the parameter
loader
is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
class loader. The class is initialized only if the
initialize
parameter is true
and if it has
not been initialized earlier.
If name
denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt
will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose
name is name
. Therefore, this method cannot be used to
obtain any of the Class
objects representing primitive
types or void.
If name
denotes an array class, the component type of
the array class is loaded but not initialized.
For example, in an instance method the expression:
is equivalent to:Class.forName("Foo")
Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of The Java Language Specification. Note that this method does not check whether the requested class is accessible to its caller.Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())
If the loader
is null
, and a security
manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null, then this
method calls the security manager's checkPermission
method
with a RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")
permission to
ensure it's ok to access the bootstrap class loader.
name
- fully qualified name of the desired classinitialize
- whether the class must be initializedloader
- class loader from which the class must be loaded
LinkageError
- if the linkage fails
ExceptionInInitializerError
- if the initialization provoked
by this method fails
ClassNotFoundException
- if the class cannot be located by
the specified class loaderforName(String)
,
ClassLoader
public T newInstance() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
new
expression with an empty argument list. The class is initialized if it
has not already been initialized.
Note that this method propagates any exception thrown by the
nullary constructor, including a checked exception. Use of
this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception
checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.
The Constructor.newInstance
method avoids this problem by wrapping
any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) InvocationTargetException
.
IllegalAccessException
- if the class or its nullary
constructor is not accessible.
InstantiationException
- if this Class
represents an abstract class,
an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;
or if the class has no nullary constructor;
or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
ExceptionInInitializerError
- if the initialization
provoked by this method fails.
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)
denies
creation of new instances of this class
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public boolean isInstance(Object obj)
Object
is assignment-compatible
with the object represented by this Class
. This method is
the dynamic equivalent of the Java language instanceof
operator. The method returns true
if the specified
Object
argument is non-null and can be cast to the
reference type represented by this Class
object without
raising a ClassCastException.
It returns false
otherwise.
Specifically, if this Class
object represents a
declared class, this method returns true
if the specified
Object
argument is an instance of the represented class (or
of any of its subclasses); it returns false
otherwise. If
this Class
object represents an array class, this method
returns true
if the specified Object
argument
can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity
conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns
false
otherwise. If this Class
object
represents an interface, this method returns true
if the
class or any superclass of the specified Object
argument
implements this interface; it returns false
otherwise. If
this Class
object represents a primitive type, this method
returns false
.
obj
- the object to check
obj
is an instance of this classpublic boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls)
Class
object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
Class
parameter. It returns true
if so;
otherwise it returns false
. If this Class
object represents a primitive type, this method returns
true
if the specified Class
parameter is
exactly this Class
object; otherwise it returns
false
.
Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
specified Class
parameter can be converted to the type
represented by this Class
object via an identity conversion
or via a widening reference conversion. See The Java Language
Specification, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.
cls
- the Class
object to be checked
boolean
value indicating whether objects of the
type cls
can be assigned to objects of this class
NullPointerException
- if the specified Class parameter is
null.public boolean isInterface()
Class
object represents an
interface type.
true
if this object represents an interface;
false
otherwise.public boolean isArray()
Class
object represents an array class.
true
if this object represents an array class;
false
otherwise.public boolean isPrimitive()
Class
object represents a
primitive type.
There are nine predefined Class
objects to represent
the eight primitive types and void. These are created by the Java
Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that
they represent, namely boolean
, byte
,
char
, short
, int
,
long
, float
, and double
.
These objects may only be accessed via the following public static
final variables, and are the only Class
objects for which
this method returns true
.
Boolean.TYPE
,
Character.TYPE
,
Byte.TYPE
,
Short.TYPE
,
Integer.TYPE
,
Long.TYPE
,
Float.TYPE
,
Double.TYPE
,
Void.TYPE
public boolean isAnnotation()
isInterface()
would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces.
public boolean isSynthetic()
public String getName()
If this class object represents a reference type that is not an array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified by the Java Language Specification, Second Edition.
If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the name returned is a String equal to the Java language keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void.
If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by one or more '[' characters representing the depth of the array nesting. The encoding of element type names is as follows:
Element Type Encoding boolean Z byte B char C class or interface Lclassname; double D float F int I long J short S
The class or interface name classname is the binary name of the class specified above.
Examples:
String.class.getName() returns "java.lang.String" byte.class.getName() returns "byte" (new Object[3]).getClass().getName() returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;" (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName() returns "[[[[[[[I"
public ClassLoader getClassLoader()
If a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is
not null and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of
the class loader for the class whose class loader is requested, then
this method calls the security manager's checkPermission
method with a RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")
permission to ensure it's ok to access the class loader for the class.
If this object represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.
SecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its
checkPermission
method denies
access to the class loader for the class.ClassLoader
,
SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission)
,
RuntimePermission
public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters()
getTypeParameters
in interface GenericDeclaration
GenericSignatureFormatError
- if the generic
signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
the format specified in the Java Virtual Machine Specification,
3rd editionpublic Class<? super T> getSuperclass()
Class
representing the superclass of the entity
(class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this
Class
. If this Class
represents either the
Object
class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then
null is returned. If this object represents an array class then the
Class
object representing the Object
class is
returned.
public Type getGenericSuperclass()
If the superclass is a parameterized type, the Type
object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type
representing the superclass is created if it had not been
created before. See the declaration of ParameterizedType
for the
semantics of the creation process for parameterized types. If
this Class represents either the Object
class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
returned. If this object represents an array class then the
Class object representing the Object class is
returned.
GenericSignatureFormatError
- if the generic
class signature does not conform to the format specified in the
Java Virtual Machine Specification, 3rd edition
TypeNotPresentException
- if the generic superclass
refers to a non-existent type declaration
MalformedParameterizedTypeException
- if the
generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
instantiated for any reasonpublic Package getPackage()
Packages have attributes for versions and specifications only if the information was defined in the manifests that accompany the classes, and if the class loader created the package instance with the attributes from the manifest.
public Class[] getInterfaces()
If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
containing objects representing all interfaces implemented by the
class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to
the order of the interface names in the implements
clause
of the declaration of the class represented by this object. For
example, given the declaration:
suppose the value ofclass Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }
s
is an instance of
Shimmer
; the value of the expression:
is thes.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]
Class
object that represents interface
FloorWax
; and the value of:
is thes.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]
Class
object that represents interface
DessertTopping
.
If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
representing all interfaces extended by the interface. The order of the
interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface
names in the extends
clause of the declaration of the
interface represented by this object.
If this object represents a class or interface that implements no interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method returns an array of length 0.
public Type[] getGenericInterfaces()
If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the
Type object returned for it must accurately reflect
the actual type parameters used in the source code. The
parameterized type representing each superinterface is created
if it had not been created before. See the declaration of
ParameterizedType
for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized
types.
If this object represents a class, the return value is an array containing objects representing all interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the implements clause of the declaration of the class represented by this object. In the case of an array class, the interfaces Cloneable and Serializable are returned in that order.
If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the extends clause of the declaration of the interface represented by this object.
If this object represents a class or interface that implements no interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method returns an array of length 0.
GenericSignatureFormatError
- if the generic class signature does not conform to the format
specified in the Java Virtual Machine Specification, 3rd edition
TypeNotPresentException
- if any of the generic
superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
MalformedParameterizedTypeException
- if any of the
generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized type that cannot
be instantiated for any reasonpublic Class<?> getComponentType()
Class
representing the component type of an
array. If this class does not represent an array class this method
returns null.
Class
representing the component type of this
class if this class is an arrayArray
public int getModifiers()
public
, protected
,
private
, final
, static
,
abstract
and interface
; they should be decoded
using the methods of class Modifier
.
If the underlying class is an array class, then its
public
, private
and protected
modifiers are the same as those of its component type. If this
Class
represents a primitive type or void, its
public
modifier is always true
, and its
protected
and private
modifiers are always
false
. If this object represents an array class, a
primitive type or void, then its final
modifier is always
true
and its interface modifier is always
false
. The values of its other modifiers are not determined
by this specification.
The modifier encodings are defined in The Java Virtual Machine Specification, table 4.1.
int
representing the modifiers for this classModifier
public Object[] getSigners()
public Method getEnclosingMethod()
Method
object representing the
immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns
null otherwise.
In particular, this method returns null if the underlying
class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type
declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor()
Constructor
object representing
the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
class. Returns null otherwise. In particular, this
method returns null if the underlying class is a local
or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration,
instance initializer or static initializer.
public Class<?> getDeclaringClass()
Class
object
is a member of another class, returns the Class
object
representing the class in which it was declared. This method returns
null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class. If
this Class
object represents an array class, a primitive
type, or void,then this method returns null.
public Class<?> getEnclosingClass()
public String getSimpleName()
The simple name of an array is the simple name of the component type with "[]" appended. In particular the simple name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".
public String getCanonicalName()
public boolean isAnonymousClass()
public boolean isLocalClass()
public boolean isMemberClass()
public Class[] getClasses()
Class
objects representing all
the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
represented by this Class
object. This includes public
class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class
and interface members declared by the class. This method returns an
array of length 0 if this Class
object has no public member
classes or interfaces. This method also returns an array of length 0 if
this Class
object represents a primitive type, an array
class, or void.
Class
objects representing the public
members of this class
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)
method
denies access to the classes within this class
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException
Field
objects reflecting all
the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
this Class
object. The elements in the array returned are
not sorted and are not in any particular order. This method returns an
array of length 0 if the class or interface has no accessible public
fields, or if it represents an array class, a primitive type, or void.
Specifically, if this Class
object represents a class,
this method returns the public fields of this class and of all its
superclasses. If this Class
object represents an
interface, this method returns the fields of this interface and of all
its superinterfaces.
The implicit length field for array class is not reflected by this
method. User code should use the methods of class Array
to
manipulate arrays.
See The Java Language Specification, sections 8.2 and 8.3.
Field
objects representing the
public fields
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)
denies
access to the fields within this class
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException
Method
objects reflecting all
the public member methods of the class or interface represented
by this Class
object, including those declared by the class
or interface and those inherited from superclasses and
superinterfaces. Array classes return all the (public) member methods
inherited from the Object
class. The elements in the array
returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order. This
method returns an array of length 0 if this Class
object
represents a class or interface that has no public member methods, or if
this Class
object represents a primitive type or void.
The class initialization method <clinit>
is not
included in the returned array. If the class declares multiple public
member methods with the same parameter types, they are all included in
the returned array.
See The Java Language Specification, sections 8.2 and 8.4.
Method
objects representing the
public methods of this class
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)
denies
access to the methods within this class
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public Constructor[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException
Constructor
objects reflecting
all the public constructors of the class represented by this
Class
object. An array of length 0 is returned if the
class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or
if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
Method
objects for all the
declared public constructors of this class matches the specified
parameterTypes
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)
denies
access to the constructors within this class
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public Field getField(String name) throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException
Field
object that reflects the specified public
member field of the class or interface represented by this
Class
object. The name
parameter is a
String
specifying the simple name of the desired field.
The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows. Let C be the class represented by this object:
NoSuchFieldException
is thrown.See The Java Language Specification, sections 8.2 and 8.3.
name
- the field name
Field
object of this class specified by
name
NoSuchFieldException
- if a field with the specified name is
not found.
NullPointerException
- if name
is null
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)
denies
access to the field
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public Method getMethod(String name, Class... parameterTypes) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
Method
object that reflects the specified public
member method of the class or interface represented by this
Class
object. The name
parameter is a
String
specifying the simple name the desired method. The
parameterTypes
parameter is an array of Class
objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared
order. If parameterTypes
is null
, it is
treated as if it were an empty array.
If the name
is "<init>"or "<clinit>" a
NoSuchMethodException
is raised. Otherwise, the method to
be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows. Let C be the
class represented by this object:
See The Java Language Specification, sections 8.2 and 8.4.
name
- the name of the methodparameterTypes
- the list of parameters
Method
object that matches the specified
name
and parameterTypes
NoSuchMethodException
- if a matching method is not found
or if the name is "<init>"or "<clinit>".
NullPointerException
- if name
is null
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)
denies
access to the method
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class... parameterTypes) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
Constructor
object that reflects the specified
public constructor of the class represented by this Class
object. The parameterTypes
parameter is an array of
Class
objects that identify the constructor's formal
parameter types, in declared order.
The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class
represented by this Class
object whose formal parameter
types match those specified by parameterTypes
.
parameterTypes
- the parameter array
Method
object of the public constructor that
matches the specified parameterTypes
NoSuchMethodException
- if a matching method is not found.
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)
denies
access to the constructor
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public Class[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException
Class
objects reflecting all the
classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
this Class
object. This includes public, protected, default
(package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the
class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces. This method
returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or
interfaces as members, or if this Class
object represents a
primitive type, an array class, or void.
Class
objects representing all the
declared members of this class
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)
denies
access to the declared classes within this class
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException
Field
objects reflecting all the fields
declared by the class or interface represented by this
Class
object. This includes public, protected, default
(package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.
The elements in the array returned are not sorted and are not in any
particular order. This method returns an array of length 0 if the class
or interface declares no fields, or if this Class
object
represents a primitive type, an array class, or void.
See The Java Language Specification, sections 8.2 and 8.3.
Field
objects representing all the
declared fields of this class
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)
denies
access to the declared fields within this class
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException
Method
objects reflecting all the
methods declared by the class or interface represented by this
Class
object. This includes public, protected, default
(package) access, and private methods, but excludes inherited methods.
The elements in the array returned are not sorted and are not in any
particular order. This method returns an array of length 0 if the class
or interface declares no methods, or if this Class
object
represents a primitive type, an array class, or void. The class
initialization method <clinit>
is not included in the
returned array. If the class declares multiple public member methods
with the same parameter types, they are all included in the returned
array.
See The Java Language Specification, section 8.2.
Method
objects representing all the
declared methods of this class
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)
denies
access to the declared methods within this class
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public Constructor[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException
Constructor
objects reflecting all the
constructors declared by the class represented by this
Class
object. These are public, protected, default
(package) access, and private constructors. The elements in the array
returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order. If the
class has a default constructor, it is included in the returned array.
This method returns an array of length 0 if this Class
object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or
void.
See The Java Language Specification, section 8.2.
Method
objects representing all the
declared constructors of this class
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)
denies
access to the declared constructors within this class
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public Field getDeclaredField(String name) throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException
Field
object that reflects the specified declared
field of the class or interface represented by this Class
object. The name
parameter is a String
that
specifies the simple name of the desired field. Note that this method
will not reflect the length
field of an array class.
name
- the name of the field
Field
object for the specified field in this
class
NoSuchFieldException
- if a field with the specified name is
not found.
NullPointerException
- if name
is null
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)
denies
access to the declared field
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class... parameterTypes) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
Method
object that reflects the specified
declared method of the class or interface represented by this
Class
object. The name
parameter is a
String
that specifies the simple name of the desired
method, and the parameterTypes
parameter is an array of
Class
objects that identify the method's formal parameter
types, in declared order. If more than one method with the same
parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily. If the
name is "<init>"or "<clinit>" a NoSuchMethodException
is raised.
name
- the name of the methodparameterTypes
- the parameter array
Method
object for the method of this class
matching the specified name and parameters
NoSuchMethodException
- if a matching method is not found.
NullPointerException
- if name
is null
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)
denies
access to the declared method
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class... parameterTypes) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
Constructor
object that reflects the specified
constructor of the class or interface represented by this
Class
object. The parameterTypes
parameter is
an array of Class
objects that identify the constructor's
formal parameter types, in declared order.
parameterTypes
- the parameter array
Method
object for the constructor with the
specified parameter list
NoSuchMethodException
- if a matching method is not found.
SecurityException
- If a security manager, s, is present and any of the
following conditions is met:
s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)
denies
access to the declared constructor
s.checkPackageAccess()
denies access to the package
of this class
public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name)
ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(java.lang.String)
.
Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the given resource name using this algorithm:
modified_package_name/name
Where the modified_package_name is the package name of this object with '/' substituted for '.' ('\u002e').
name
- name of the desired resource
InputStream
object or null if
no resource with this name is found
NullPointerException
- If name is nullpublic URL getResource(String name)
ClassLoader.getSystemResource(java.lang.String)
.
Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the given resource name using this algorithm:
modified_package_name/name
Where the modified_package_name is the package name of this object with '/' substituted for '.' ('\u002e').
name
- name of the desired resource
URL
object or null if no
resource with this name is foundpublic ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain()
ProtectionDomain
of this class. If there is a
security manager installed, this method first calls the security
manager's checkPermission
method with a
RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")
permission to
ensure it's ok to get the
ProtectionDomain
.
SecurityException
- if a security manager exists and its
checkPermission
method doesn't allow
getting the ProtectionDomain.ProtectionDomain
,
SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission)
,
RuntimePermission
public boolean desiredAssertionStatus()
Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided for the benefit of the JRE itself. (It allows a class to determine at the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.) Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified class when it was (or will be) initialized.
ClassLoader.setClassAssertionStatus(java.lang.String, boolean)
,
ClassLoader.setPackageAssertionStatus(java.lang.String, boolean)
,
ClassLoader.setDefaultAssertionStatus(boolean)
public boolean isEnum()
public T[] getEnumConstants()
public T cast(Object obj)
obj
- the object to be cast
ClassCastException
- if the object is not
null and is not assignable to the type T.public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz)
This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of a Class object to pass it to an API that restricts the Class objects that it is willing to accept. A cast would generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented by erasure).
ClassCastException
- if this Class object does not
represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes
the class itself).public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass)
getAnnotation
in interface AnnotatedElement
annotationClass
- the Class object corresponding to the
annotation type
public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass)
isAnnotationPresent
in interface AnnotatedElement
annotationClass
- the Class object corresponding to the
annotation type
public Annotation[] getAnnotations()
getAnnotations
in interface AnnotatedElement
public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()
getDeclaredAnnotations
in interface AnnotatedElement
|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
Copyright © 2004, 2010 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.


Here have to be awesome legal information that I am obligated to publish. Don't know what they are, though.


These subroutines gathers the values of the halo elements:
|
psb_comm_halo_
,psb_comm_mov_
,
psb_comm_ext_
, default: psb_comm_halo_
. Chooses the
index list on which to base the data exchange.
Usage Example
Consider the discretization mesh depicted in fig. 7,
partitioned among two processes as shown by the dashed line; the data
distribution is such that each process will own 32 entries in the
index space, with a halo made of 8 entries placed at local indices 33
through 40. If process 0 assigns an initial value of 1 to its entries
in the vector, and process 1 assigns a value of 2, then after a
call to psb_halo
the contents of the local vectors will be the
following:
| Process 0 | Process 1 | |||||
| I | GLOB(I) | X(I) | I | GLOB(I) | X(I) | |
| 1 | 1 | 1.0 | 1 | 33 | 2.0 | |
| 2 | 2 | 1.0 | 2 | 34 | 2.0 | |
| 3 | 3 | 1.0 | 3 | 35 | 2.0 | |
| 4 | 4 | 1.0 | 4 | 36 | 2.0 | |
| 5 | 5 | 1.0 | 5 | 37 | 2.0 | |
| 6 | 6 | 1.0 | 6 | 38 | 2.0 | |
| 7 | 7 | 1.0 | 7 | 39 | 2.0 | |
| 8 | 8 | 1.0 | 8 | 40 | 2.0 | |
| 9 | 9 | 1.0 | 9 | 41 | 2.0 | |
| 10 | 10 | 1.0 | 10 | 42 | 2.0 | |
| 11 | 11 | 1.0 | 11 | 43 | 2.0 | |
| 12 | 12 | 1.0 | 12 | 44 | 2.0 | |
| 13 | 13 | 1.0 | 13 | 45 | 2.0 | |
| 14 | 14 | 1.0 | 14 | 46 | 2.0 | |
| 15 | 15 | 1.0 | 15 | 47 | 2.0 | |
| 16 | 16 | 1.0 | 16 | 48 | 2.0 | |
| 17 | 17 | 1.0 | 17 | 49 | 2.0 | |
| 18 | 18 | 1.0 | 18 | 50 | 2.0 | |
| 19 | 19 | 1.0 | 19 | 51 | 2.0 | |
| 20 | 20 | 1.0 | 20 | 52 | 2.0 | |
| 21 | 21 | 1.0 | 21 | 53 | 2.0 | |
| 22 | 22 | 1.0 | 22 | 54 | 2.0 | |
| 23 | 23 | 1.0 | 23 | 55 | 2.0 | |
| 24 | 24 | 1.0 | 24 | 56 | 2.0 | |
| 25 | 25 | 1.0 | 25 | 57 | 2.0 | |
| 26 | 26 | 1.0 | 26 | 58 | 2.0 | |
| 27 | 27 | 1.0 | 27 | 59 | 2.0 | |
| 28 | 28 | 1.0 | 28 | 60 | 2.0 | |
| 29 | 29 | 1.0 | 29 | 61 | 2.0 | |
| 30 | 30 | 1.0 | 30 | 62 | 2.0 | |
| 31 | 31 | 1.0 | 31 | 63 | 2.0 | |
| 32 | 32 | 1.0 | 32 | 64 | 2.0 | |
| 33 | 33 | 2.0 | 33 | 25 | 1.0 | |
| 34 | 34 | 2.0 | 34 | 26 | 1.0 | |
| 35 | 35 | 2.0 | 35 | 27 | 1.0 | |
| 36 | 36 | 2.0 | 36 | 28 | 1.0 | |
| 37 | 37 | 2.0 | 37 | 29 | 1.0 | |
| 38 | 38 | 2.0 | 38 | 30 | 1.0 | |
| 39 | 39 | 2.0 | 39 | 31 | 1.0 | |
| 40 | 40 | 2.0 | 40 | 32 | 1.0 |


--- layout: page description: "Heroin Anonymous" title: "Literature" header-img: "assets/owner/hero/literature-bg.jpg" ---


Ocean [as58], ocean, in The Inner Sea
Last updated Turn #47
Ocean [as58], ocean, in The Inner Sea
------------------------------------------------------------------------
20: Travelling Wave [hp7g], ship, 2 hulls, 4 rowing ports, 4% damaged,
20: arrived from Ocean [as59], owner:
20: Stewart [k0u], Pen, with 18 sailors, accompanied by:
20: Jonathan [h9k], Pen
21: Travelling Wave [hp7g], ship, 2 hulls, 4 rowing ports, 4% damaged,
21: departed for Ocean [as57].
30: It has stopped raining.
Routes leaving Ocean:
North, to Ocean [ar58], 6 days
East, to Ocean [as59], 6 days
South, to Ocean [at58], 6 days
West, to Ocean [as57], 6 days


Buttons 副标题...
Built-in Buttons
Use any of the available button classes to quickly create a styled button.
Custom Buttons
Use any of the available custom button classes to add a custom styled button to your pages.
Wrap a series of buttons with .btn
in .btn-group
.
Combine sets of btn-group
into a btn-toolbar
for more complex components.
Place a .btn-group
within another .btn-group
when you want dropdown menus mixed with a series of buttons.
Button Dropdowns
Use any button to trigger a dropdown menu by placing it within a .btn-group and providing the proper menu markup.
Single Button Dropdowns
Turn a button into a dropdown toggle with some basic markup changes.
Split Button Dropdowns
Similarly, create split button dropdowns with the same markup changes, only with a separate button.
Dropdown Sizing
Button dropdowns work with buttons of all sizes.


Trai fixes mobile call ring time at 30 seconds; 60 secs for landline
"The time duration of alert for an incoming voice call, which is neither answered nor rejected by the called party, shall be thirty seconds for Cellular Mobile Telephone Service and sixty seconds for Basic Telephone Service," Trai said in an amendment to quality of service norms for basic telephone service and cellular mobile telephone service.
by PTITelecom regulator Trai on November 1 fixed phone call ring time at 30 seconds on mobiles and 60 seconds for landline phones, in case the call is neither answered nor rejected by the susbcriber.
"The time duration of alert for an incoming voice call, which is neither answered nor rejected by the called party, shall be thirty seconds for Cellular Mobile Telephone Service and sixty seconds for Basic Telephone Service," Trai said in an amendment to quality of service norms for basic telephone service and cellular mobile telephone service.
Till now there was no such limit for calls within India.
Reliance Jio has accused old operators, including Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea, of "illegally" masquerading wire-line numbers as mobile numbers for "undue enrichment" and has exhorted Trai to slap "severest penalty" on them for violating regulations and licensing norms.
Bharti Airtel has hit back saying Jio is trying to misguide the regulator ahead the consultation on call connect charges (also called interconnect usage charges).
Telecom operators on their own were reducing incoming call ring time to attract reverse call from subscriber of other networks.
Disclaimer: “Reliance Industries Ltd. is the sole beneficiary of Independent Media Trust which controls Network18 Media & Investments Ltd.”
Special Thursday Expiry on 10th 7th Nov
Early Closure to The Great Diwali Discount. Last Chance to get Moneycontrol PRO for a year @ Rs. 289/- only
Coupon code: DIWALI


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Video / Graphics Cards
Networking
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Home Networking
KVM / KVMP
Modems
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Network Cables
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Security & Automation
Security & Surveillance
Baby Monitors
Network Security Cameras
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Spy Gear
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Appliance Control
Front Door & Intercoms
Home Controllers
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Sensors
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Fine jewelry |
Fine Jewelry |
Earrings
Jewelry Holders & Organizers
Jewelry Boxes
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Rings
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2-Way Radios
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Bar Stools
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Luggage, bags & cases |
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Just the right food
If you’ve been to one of our restaurants, you’ve seen – and tasted – what keeps our customers coming back for more. Perfect materials and freshly baked food, delicious Lambda cakes, muffins, and gourmet coffees make us hard to resist! Stop in today and check us out!
Fine igredients
If you’ve been to one of our restaurants, you’ve seen – and tasted – what keeps our customers coming back for more. Perfect materials and freshly baked food, delicious Lambda cakes, muffins, and gourmet coffees make us hard to resist! Stop in today and check us out!
Gauest Reviews
"If you’ve been to one of our restaurants, you’ve seen – and tasted – what keeps our customers coming back for more. Perfect materials and freshly baked food, delicious Lambda cakes, muffins, and gourmet coffees make us hard to resist! Stop in today and check us out!
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Just the right food
If you’ve been to one of our restaurants, you’ve seen – and tasted – what keeps our customers coming back for more. Perfect materials and freshly baked food.
Delicious Lambda cakes, muffins, and gourmet coffees make us hard to resist! Stop in today and check us out! Perfect materials and freshly baked food.


Spicy jalapeno bacon ipsum dolor amet t-bone spare ribs ham tongue. Chuck frankfurter shoulder shankle capicola jowl boudin. Jerky boudin bresaola, ribeye tail chuck corned beef sausage capicola tri-tip andouille shank beef ribs. Kevin turkey ground round short ribs.
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A prolog process can be started by choosing Run Prolog
from the
Prolog
menu, by typing C-c <RET>, or by typing M-x
run-prolog. It is however not strictly necessary to start a prolog
process manually since it is automatically done when consulting or
compiling, if needed. The process can be restarted (i.e. the old
one is killed and a new one is created) by typing C-u C-c
<RET>.
Programs are run and debugged in the normal way, with terminal I/O
via the *prolog*
buffer. The most common debugging
predicates are available from the menu or via key-bindings.
A particularly useful feature under the Emacs interface is source-linked
debugging. This is enabled or disabled using the Prolog/Source
level debugging
menu entry. It can also be enabled by setting the Emacs
variable prolog-use-sicstus-sd
to t
in
~/.emacs. Both these methods set the Prolog flag
source_info
to emacs
. Its value should be emacs
while loading the code to be debugged and while debugging. If so,
the debugger will display the source code location of the current
goal when it prompts for a debugger command, by overlaying the
beginning of the current line of code with an arrow. If
source_info
was off
when the code was loaded, or if
it was asserted or loaded from user
, the current goal
will still be shown but out of context.
Note that if the code has been modified since it was last loaded,
Prolog's line number information may be invalid. If this happens, just
reload the relevant buffer.
Consultation and compilation is either done via the menu or with the following key-bindings:
The boundaries used when consulting and compiling predicates are the first and last clauses of the predicate the cursor is currently in.
Other useful key-bindings are:
comment-column
. This comment will always
stay at this position when the line is indented, regardless of changes
in the text earlier on the line, provided that
prolog-align-comments-flag
is set to t
.
prolog-electric-dot-flag
variable below.
Prolog/Transform/All
variables to '_'
menu entry. See also the
prolog-electric-underscore-flag
Emacs variable.
prolog-info-predicate-index
.


Simple projects to make life sweet
We like to help out people by making some code available for everyone to use. These projects help us - they may make life sweet for you too.
You can use them all as you wish. We will gladly accept pull-requests. And if you use it, feel free to drop us a note.


About Hayoo!
Hayoo! is a search engine specialized on Haskell API documentation. The goal of Hayoo! is to provide an interactive, easy-to-use search interface to the documenation of various Haskell packages and libraries. Although the Hayoo! data is regularly updated, we might miss a package or library. If you think there is some documentation for Haskell modules available on the Internet which should be added to Hayoo!, just drop us a note at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and tell us the location where we can find the documentation.
Background
Hayoo! is an example application of the Holumbus framework and was heavily inspired by Hoogle. The Holumbus library provides the search and indexing backend for Hayoo!. Holumbus and Hayoo! have been developed by Sebastian M. Gauck and Timo B. Hübel at FH Wedel University of Applied Sciences. The Holumbus framework provides the basic building blocks for creating highly customizable search engines. To demonstrate the flexibility of the framework by a very special use case, the Hayoo! Haskell API search was implemented using Holumbus.
Currently, Hayoo! is still in beta stage. This means, it can become unavailable unexpectedly, as we do some maintenance or add new features. Therefore you should not yet rely on Hayoo! as primary search engine for Haskell documentation.
Technical Information
Hayoo! is entirely written in Haskell, including the underlying webserver. The web interface uses the Janus application server, written by Christian Uhlig. This server allows easy and seamless integration of Haskell code in web applications.
Feedback
We would like to know what you think about Hayoo!, therefore you can reach us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and tell us about bugs, suggestions or anything else related to Hayoo!.