nonparametric bayes
Reading
- Arnqvist, G. 2013 Editorial rejects? Novelty, schnovelty! Trends in ecology & evolution 28, 448-9. (doi:10.1016/j.tree.2013.05.007)
- Accounting for Complementarity to Maximize Monitoring Power for Species Management. 27, 988-999. (doi:10.1111/cobi.12092)
- Nes, E. H. Van, Hirota, M., Holmgren, M. & Scheffer, M. 2013 Tipping points in tropical tree cover: linking theory to data. (doi:10.1111/gcb.12398)
- Millar, R. B. 2002 Reference priors for Bayesian fisheries models. , 1492-1502. (doi:10.1139/F02-108)
- Mcallister, M. K. & Kirkwood, G. P. 1998 Bayesian stock assessment : a review and example application using the logistic model. , 1031-1060.
writing
reorganizing, re-writing in intro.
- technical issues:
- pandoc 1.12 citation formating issues? How to use bibtex now?
Makefile add dependency flags. Yay, brilliant.
Informatics / ropensci
Interesting discussion with Dave Bridges over semantic metadata in regards to his data management plan
Karthik asks for thoughts on sustainability in advance of our meeting this fall.
Scott’s
taxize_
paper is out (Chamberlain, S. a. & Szöcs, E. 2013 taxize: taxonomic search and retrieval in R. F1000Research 191, 1-20. doi:10.12688/f1000research.2-191.v1) Great, but also appears F1000 (and everyone else, including both my software papers) does a terrible job with code display in papers. Ought to have a more general open letter to publishers on this (Scott writing blog post on issue – yay). Sent this to F1000Research:
Congrats on publishing https://f1000research.com/articles/2-191/v1 This looks like a promising article. Your support of research containing software, with support for features such as continual updating as the software improves, is an invaluable contribution to an crucial and frequently neglected element of academic research, and your innovative publishing workflow with visible and signed reviewer comments a welcome addition to the academic publishing landscape.
Overall the presentation of your HTML and pdf manuscripts looks quite strong. (I particularly appreciate the linked pdf and the availability of XML version).
It is most unfortunate that code blocks appear as gifs rather than as text (in PDF, HTML, and XML versions). Being able to copy-paste code chunks is a valuable element to ensure reproducible output of the author’s provided code, and this is severely hampered by the use of the GIFs. Though I can copy the text for the most part from the GIF, certain characters are not ASCII encoded, so that commas, for instance, appear not as plain-text ASCII but as a UTF-8 comma symbol I don’t recognize, and which will not work in code.
As you strive to bring publication into the 21st century, please consider addressing this important issue. All lines of code should be machine-readable in the XML, not images, and should use only the ASCII characters they actually involve.
evolution thinking
After another email on the topic, am assembling thoughts on comparative methods promises and pitfalls. Might be worth flushing out into proper post / article at some point. A broader version of the more narrower opinion I’ve been toying with writing for some time (beyond phylogenetic signal; or phylogenetic signal is not biologically meaningful). Similar statements should be made of rates.
Yes, so it’s a good question of just how meaningful that would be. I believe that assigning some Markovian process to some property associated with a species (e.g. Markov chain to categories, BM/OU to some continuous trait) in general is exciting but potentially dicey even in the context that we already apply the phylogenetic comparative method. Um, summarizing roughly, I think i have 3 concerns. (Take with a grain of salt, I’m probably on the far end of skepticism with regards to this stuff, and not completely up to date these days either).
Applicability. It should be reasonable to think of the trait in question as evolving under the hypothesized model (at least approximately). For instance, Brownian Motion may not seem like a very biological model except for purely neutral processes, but I find it 100% reasonable as an approximation to lots of processes. Other models/statistics in this area I do not – such as Pagel’s lambda, because it treats tips differently from the rest of the tree and obviously evolution has no idea if it is on a tip or not. Without a clear picture of the quantities you have in mind it would be difficult for me to be sure how comfortable I am with it.
Power. As the models get richer, clearly our ability to meaningfully distinguish between them goes down. This isn’t much of a problem in Bayesian framework, since we just get posteriors that look like our priors and we realize we haven’t learned anything, but it can be more misleading in a frequentist framework (though the method I take in that Evolution paper, based on frequentist methods from Huelsenbeck and others in the 1990s (and really Cox in the 1960s) tries to address that in a fequentist way instead).
Identifiability. Other difficulties are more troublesome. A central tenant of the approach is to assume evolution on independent branches is independent – clearly a bit of a strange assumption when the process is supposed to capture competition between species that might lead to different niches, etc. However, relaxing this assumption (a growing interest recently) is yet more troublesome, since the tree no longer tells us much if traits can be correlated for reasons other than shared evolutionary history. This is just one of many ways we get a stronger problem than power – we have non-identifiable elements in our model, where we can explain the data equally effectively with different representations. (This arises in simpler models too of course).


Apache TomEE 1.0.0-beta-2 Release Notes
2012-01-23
Upgrades
-
[TOMEE-81] Upgrade HSQLDB to 2.2.4
-
[TOMEE-109] Upgrade to XBean 3.9
-
[TOMEE-112] Upgrade wss4j to 1.6.3
-
[TOMEE-117] Upgrade OpenWebBeans to 1.1.3
-
[TOMEE-118] Upgrade CXF to 2.5.1
-
[TOMEE-119] Upgrade ActiveMQ to 5.5.1
-
[TOMEE-113] Upgrade Commons Fileupload to 1.2.2
-
[TOMEE-114] Upgrade Commons Discovery to 0.5
-
[TOMEE-116] Upgrade Commons Pool to 1.5.7
New Features
-
[TOMEE-6] Arquillian adapter
-
[TOMEE-84] TomEE Embedded Container
-
[TOMEE-86] Implementation of EJBContainer.createEJBContainer for TomEE Embedded
-
[TOMEE-96] All-in-one TomEE Embedded jar
-
[TOMEE-95] Command line 'java -jar tomee-embedded.jar myAwesome.war' launching
-
[TOMEE-58] New concept of persistence-fragment.xml file
-
[TOMEE-71] Ability to reload Persistence units via JMX
-
[TOMEE-72] Example: Reloading Persistence unit properties dynamically
-
[TOMEE-104] Allow custom JAX-RS providers to be used
-
[TOMEE-99] Example: CDI @Alternative and @Stereotype
-
[TOMEE-101] Example: CDI Events and @Observes
-
[TOMEE-97] Beginning documentation for Meta-Annotation support
-
[TOMEE-37] TomEE webapps based Deployer implementation
-
[OPENEJB-1454] Meta Annotation Support
-
[OPENEJB-1691] Dynamic @Proxy beans
-
[OPENEJB-1430] Scanning an JMX Registration of @ObjectName mbeans in applications
-
[OPENEJB-1737] Example: Dynamic JMX MBean example
-
[OPENEJB-1517] EJBContainer.createEJBContainer MODULES supports various org.apache.openejb.jee.* types
-
[OPENEJB-1571] CDI Injection for clients of EJBContainer and tests using ApplicationComposer
-
[OPENEJB-1706] CDI Injection support for MDBs
-
[OPENEJB-1744] Example: MDBs as CDI beans
-
[OPENEJB-1654] System property overrides for MDB ActivationConfig
-
[OPENEJB-1690] Ability to define DataSources, Topics, Queues and other resources in applications with a META-INF/resources.xml file
-
[OPENEJB-1453] Metatyping for EJB and Dependency Injection Annotations
-
[OWB-621] Alternative configuration method for buggy container or pre servlet api 2.5 container
Improvements
-
[TOMEE-102] Cleaned up error handling of closed jars at shutdown
-
[TOMEE-107] Reduced logging of harmless "Could not install our singleton service" message
-
[TOMEE-106] Better handling of DataSource "maxWait" property, supports ints
-
[TOMEE-108] Smarter default of Log4j, Slf4j and JULI logging implementation selection
-
[TOMEE-100] Trim internal objects from logging
-
[TOMEE-93] Ensure JAX-RS @HeaderParam matching is case insensitive
-
[TOMEE-91] Improved error handling and resolving of REST @Path URLs
-
[TOMEE-82] SQLLoginModule support for HSQLDB 2.x
-
[TOMEE-83] Improved ability to imply type of <env-entry>
-
[TOMEE-87] Expanded scope of Global JNDI
-
[TOMEE-123] Eliminate webapp lib scanning from known libs
-
[TOMEE-73] Example: JAX-RS example with Application
-
[TOMEE-60] More Optimization in scanning of webapp libs
-
[OPENEJB-1746] More helpful information on ConcurrentAccessTimeoutException
-
[OPENEJB-48] Log the location of the openejb.conf file being used
-
[OPENEJB-1747] Avoid NPE when a custom mdb container uses badly defined activation properties
-
[OPENEJB-1749] Better logging of @Stateful @PreDestroy exceptions
-
[OPENEJB-1701] Improved Multipoint and Multicast discovery logging
-
[OPENEJB-1750] Improved documentation on Windows Service installer
-
[OPENEJB-1700] deploying rest ejb as ejb when it is returned by Application.getClasses()/getSingletons()
-
[OPENEJB-1754] Reduce logging of failed security checks due to being unauthorized
-
[OPENEJB-1753] New 'openejb.descriptors.output.folder' property for location of generated descriptors
-
[OPENEJB-1722] manage JtaPlatform instead of TransactionManagerLookup when hibernate 4 as JPA provider
-
[OPENEJB-1752] Tolerate toString() issues with ejb method return values when logging on DEBUG
-
[OPENEJB-1751] Ability to deactivate all internal JMX MBeans
-
[OPENEJB-1742] Respect 'openjpa.Specification' persistence.xml property
-
[OPENEJB-1743] Better MDB/CDI support
-
[OPENEJB-1741] Faster jar scanning at deploy
-
[OPENEJB-1699] managing @ApplicationPath for rest
-
[OPENEJB-1738] MDB Queue/Topic name defaults to MappedName
-
[OPENEJB-1715] Add ServiceTracker in Activator class to wait till we find the ServiceManagerProxy
-
[OWB-623] Relax check on @AroundInvoke Interceptors 'throws Exception'
-
[OWB-627] Automatically destroy @Dependent contextual instances created with Instance<T>
-
[OWB-475] support for optional beans
Bugs
-
[TOMEE-56] jsp group properties order not respected
-
[TOMEE-103] Further reduction of possible LinkageError in log files
-
[TOMEE-105] fixing contextroot in TomcatWebAppBuilder for windows
-
[TOMEE-51] Deployment without web.xml not possible. With web.xml, tests do not run.
-
[TOMEE-11] conf/logging.properties conflicts with juli configuration for Tomcat
-
[TOMEE-10] JNDI Browser in the openejb.war does not show @LocalBean views as EJBs
-
[TOMEE-94] context.xml ignored in internally created Tomcat StandardContexts
-
[TOMEE-90] Fixed REST Service undeployment issue
-
[TOMEE-98] Possible name conflict with internal "Comp" bean
-
[TOMEE-47] ServletContext.getResource(path).getInputStream() fails
-
[TOMEE-43] library-directory ignored
-
[TOMEE-42] TCCL.getResources() returns duplicated when deploying with OpenEJB deployer
-
[TOMEE-80] Avoid hibernate HHH015010 at startup
-
[TOMEE-89] Fixed lifecycle issue in CDI BeforeBeanDiscovery
-
[TOMEE-85] Fixed issues with rootUrl in persistence units of webapps
-
[TOMEE-39] context.xml of WAR not loaded
-
[TOMEE-88] Possible EL related issue prevents startup
-
[TOMEE-30] OpenEJBLifecycle.startApplication brutly cast Object in StartupObject
-
[TOMEE-33] seam-international-timeanddate fails to deploy
-
[TOMEE-34] seam-remoting-helloworld fails to deploy
-
[TOMEE-35] Unable to lookup BeanManager from JNDI
-
[TOMEE-36] NullPointerException when Missing required persistence.xml for @PersistenceUnit
-
[TOMEE-120] Fixed issue preventing serveral Web Service applications from being deployed simultaneously
-
[TOMEE-77] Ignore REST Applications without default constructor
-
[TOMEE-1] TomEE Beta 1.0.0 doesn’t start with MyFaces CODI
-
[TOMEE-27] UnknownModuleTypeException thrown when no-web.xml webapp deployed
-
[TOMEE-76] Avoid NullPointerException in no-web.xml applications
-
[TOMEE-29] Applications always seem to be refreshed/redployed
-
[TOMEE-74] Fixed serialization issue with ValidationFactory references
-
[TOMEE-79] Fixed "no root logger" warning
-
[TOMEE-78] Issue finding openejb.war in Tomcat
-
[TOMEE-110] Fixed Tomcat issue with JSF code/prelude ordering
-
[TOMEE-111] Avoid overriting files in Tomcat installer if already installed
-
[TOMEE-61] allow ROOT to contain rest service
-
[TOMEE-115] Issue in OWB preventing CDI Extensions from adding Interceptors to EJBs
-
[OPENEJB-1523] TomEE 6.0.26 / 3.1.4: NPE in org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp
-
[OPENEJB-1730] Reliability of multipoint discovery heartrates less than 1 second
-
[OPENEJB-1745] Fix null pointer in discardInstance when releaseInstance has already been called
-
[OPENEJB-1748] Fixed undeploy race condition
-
[OPENEJB-1710] ClassCastException when deploying ear files containing persistence.xml
-
[OPENEJB-1709] TomEE webapps (See rest-example) doesn’t work under Windows (Path - Problem with backslash "\")
-
[OPENEJB-1708] Servlet Injection
-
[OPENEJB-1443] EntityManager in non-transactional business methods using queries can be used only once
-
[OPENEJB-1729] Reliability of Multipoint remove event when last peer disappears
-
[OPENEJB-1702] Multicast and Multipoint 'heart_rate' property ignored
-
[OPENEJB-1704] undeploy or shutdown call ejbCreate() on stateless session beans
-
[OPENEJB-1711] Multithreaded filling of @Stateless pools to PoolMin at bean startup
-
[OPENEJB-1733] Parameters are not always available in custom interceptor when the bean is a webservice
-
[OWB-620] any disabled bean of passivating scope will wrongly be detected as 'not passivatable'
-
[OWB-622] beanmanager injection in afterBeanDiscovery method parameter
-
[OWB-624] AnnotatedTypes registered in BeforeBeanDiscovery might get processed twice
-
[OWB-615] remove @Overrides for interfaces to be java5 compatible
-
[OWB-597] StackOverFlow when injecting product in same bean where @Produces is placed
-
[OWB-589] " … requires a passivation capable dependency …" for producer method with return type String and non serializable injected dependency
-
[OWB-616] javax.el.ExpressionFactory has final methods! CDI doesn’t allow that. - Test on final PRIVATE methods too?
-
[OWB-619] @New beans must only exist if there is at least one injection point for them
-
[OWB-618] we sometimes invoke a dispose method without having created the bean upfront
-
[OWB-562] non-enabled alternative beans with passivating scope fail validation during deployment
-
[OWB-630] AmbiguousResolutionException thrown for Decorators that Decorate multiple beans where any of those beans are passivation capable.
-
[OWB-631] openwebbeans-resource misses openwebbeans.properties
-
[OWB-565] missing check for producer methods
-
[OWB-625] BeanManager.resolve throw java.util.NoSuchElementException with an empty set parameter
-
[OWB-629] NoClassDefFoundError for optional dependencies
-
[OWB-515] interceptors don’t support inheritance without an overridden method annotated with @AroundInvoke
Tasks & Sub-Tasks
-
[TOMEE-31] upgrade hsqldb to version 2.2.4
-
[TOMEE-122] WebService subcontext mapping adjustable with tomee.jaxws.subcontext property
-
[TOMEE-121] WebServices mapped into /<webappcontext>/webservices/<name>
-
[TOMEE-75] Resolve default persistence provider before Assembly
-
[OPENEJB-1638] Add Readme.md files for examples
-
[OPENEJB-1723] Unit tests and changes for ActivationConfigOverride
-
[OPENEJB-1755] Repackaging LocalInitialContextFactory into org.apache.openejb.core
-
[OPENEJB-1697] TomEE related renaming
-
[OPENEJB-1705] Example: Simple CDI Interceptor


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% import 'bootstrap/wtf.html' as wtf%} {% import 'macros.html' as macro %} {% block content %}
Title : {{pitch.pitch_title}}
Description : {{pitch.pitch_comment}}
Date Posted : {{pitch.posted}}


Registration form
Only latin characters and numbers
Only latin characters and numbers
Needed to verify your account
Only latin characters and numbers
Only latin characters and numbers


Assembla is owned by Assembla, INC and was created in 2005. It hosts over 100,000 commercial and open-source projects and is used by over 800,000 users in more than 100 countries.
GitHub is a web-based Git repository hosting service. Unlike Git, which is strictly a command-line tool, GitHub provides a Web-based graphical interface and desktop as well as mobile integration.
It also provides access control and several collaboration features such as bug tracking,feature requests, task management, and wikis for every project.
As of April 2016, GitHub reports having more than 14 million users and more than 35 million repositories,making it the largest host of source code in the world.
The software was written by Dmytro Zaporozhets from Ukraine; the CEO, Sytse Sijbrandij, is based in Utrecht.
The code is written in Ruby. As of May 2016, the company has more than 80 salaried employees and more than 1000 open source contributors.
It is used by more than 100,000 organizations including Jülich Research Center, NASA, Alibaba, Invincea, O’Reilly Media, Leibniz-Rechenzentrum (LRZ) and CERN.
Bitbucket is a web-based hosting service for projects that use either the Mercurial (since launch) or Git (since October 2011) revision controlsystems. Bitbucket offers both commercial plans and free accounts
Bitbucket is written in Python using the Django web framework.
It is similar to GitHub, which primarily uses Git
Bitbucket was previously an independent startup, founded by Jesper Nøhr. On 29 September 2010, Bitbucket was acquired by Atlassian. Initially, Bitbucket only offered hosting support forMercurial projects. On 3 October 2011, Bitbucket officially announced support for Git hosting.
In September 2015, Atlassian renamed their Stash product to Bitbucket Server.


AppNext Background Service Test Suit
Note:
this test
must
be running from a trusted origin (like
localhost
or
https
)
Waiting for background service to properly load
Background service is ready for action
Background service recieves data properly
Background service is stopped properly
Error handled by background service


CHAPTER 332
MATTRESSES, MANUFACTURE, ETC., AND SALE OF
Section
332-1 Definition
332-2 Materials
332-3 Tag, statement, form
332-4 Statement, contents, use
332-5 Tag or stamp
332-6 Tampering with mark or statement
332-7 Penalty


--- layout: page title: "Portfolio" date: 2011-11-13 03:11 comments: false sharing: false footer: false sidebar: false portfolio: - name: Twitter.com class: twitter description: Twitter.com, Twitter Inc's primary web application. role: Frontend engineer on the web profiles team. Our team is reponsible for the profile page, settings pages, profile popup, and direct message dialog. technology: Scala, Ruby, Ruby on Rails, jQuery, flight.js, mustache, jasmine, webdriver, and many custom technologies images: - twitter-bird-small.png - twitter-popup.png - name: Home Depot Layout Tool description: Designed to allow reset team members to diagram the layout of a Home Depot department from a birds eye view and then drill into each product “bay” to add images and other meta information. This information was gathered from 2000+ plus stores across the country and could be interactively viewed by Home Depot Store Support Center in Atlanta. role: Lead front end engineer. Wrote custom form framework. Lead the rewrite using Django and Backbone.js technology: Django, Python, JavaScript, jQuery, Jquery UI, Backbone.js, Underscore.js, HTML, CSS, images: - drawingtool.png - drawingtool2.png - drawingtool3.png - drawingtool4.png - name: Aaron’s Management Performance Dashboard (AMP) description: Created to allow eligible employees to track their impact on the company’s performance and opt into a stock grant program. role: "Oversaw front end development. Created two custom widgets: a tachometer and cascading list" technology: ASP.Net MVC 3, C#, Razor, JavaScript, jQuery, Jquery UI, Canvas, HTML, CSS, images: - amp1.png - amp2.png - name: Aaron’s Multi Unit Manager (MUM) description: Created to allow managers who oversee multiple stores the ability to view and interact with their store's local data. It is a distributed system that uses a peer to peer architecture to achieve local data access. It is also a one page application that makes heavy use of ajax to provide a highly responsive user experience. role: Lead Developer. Planned backend and front end architecture. technology: ASP.Net MVC3, C#, Razor, SQL Server, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery, Jquery UI, Underscore.js, KnockoutJS images: - mum1.png - mum2.png - mum3.png - mum4.png - name: Whiteoak Pastures description: Worked with Green Olive Media to integrate their redesign of whiteoakpastures.com with the existing E-Commerce Solution. role: Sole developer. Wrote e-commerce theme from design. Performed server move. On going maintenance. technology: PHP, MySQL, Zen Cart, HTML, CSS, JavaScript images: - whiteoak.png - whiteoak2.png - name: Probate Court Information System (PCIS) description: Created to replace a legacy Microsoft Access application that was becoming impossible to maintain. It is used by probate court clerks to manage information, generate forms, reports, and receipts for marriage licenses, firearms licenses, probate cases, birth certificates, death certificates, and wills. role: Came in late to the project and did both backend and front end development to finish the project and delivery it to the client. technology: Java, Struts, iText, Oracle 10g, Tomcat, jQuery, jQuery UI, JSP, HTML, and CSS. images: - aoc_logo.png - name: AOC Citation Data Web Services description: Developed to allow the transfer of traffic citation information from police departments, to courts and finally to a citation data warehouse. Project included a web application that managed web service consumer credentials and authorization. role: Co-Developed Court-to-State web service, Web application, and automated web service testing system. Solely developed Reporting and Citation Code List web service. technology: Java, Tomcat, Oracle 10g, Apache CXF, Apache Axis2, WSDL, XML, SOAP, jQuery, HTML, CSS, Maven, Spring, Spring MVC, Hibernate, Python, JaxB images: - aoc-webservices.png - name: GT Theta Xi Fraterntiy Intranet & Website description: In addition to running the fraternities public facing internet presence this drupal website acts as an intranet that provides brother and associate profiles, rush management, associate education tracking, and various member reporting using role based permissions. role: Development and Design technology: Drupal, PHP, MySQL, jQuery, HTML, CSS, JavaScript images: - gttx1.png - gttx2.png - name: Jon-Julie.com (My Wedding Website) description: This site was designed for our wedding guests. It allowed guests to learn our story, meet the wedding party, get directions (via Google Maps), look at our registry, view our engagement photos, sign an online guest book, and send us an email. role: Development and Design technology: Drupal, PHP, MySQL, jQuery, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Google Maps images: - jonjulie1.png - jonjulie2.png - jonjulie3.png - jonjulie4.png - name: Process Logic Inc. description: A brochurware site for Process Logic Inc., an IT Services Company. Process Logic came to me with a need to replenish their brand and refresh their web presence. I helped them create a more modern site and logo. Using CMS really paid off with this site, because the client took advantage of the ability to add photos and update content without my assistance. role: Development and Design technology: Drupal, PHP, MySQL, jQuery, HTML, CSS, JavaScript images: - processlogic1.png - processlogic2.png - processlogic3.png - name: The Green Flue description: The Green Flue is a cost and energy saving device that prevents heat loss through leaks in your chimney. I developed an E-Commerce site using Drupal and Ubercart to sell the product. I did the logo, web design, and custom graphics for this site. role: Development and Design technology: Drupal, Ubercart, PHP, MySQL, jQuery, HTML, CSS, JavaScript images: - thegreenflue1.png - thegreenflue2.png - thegreenflue3.png - thegreenflue4.png ---
{{ piece.description }}
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{{ piece.technology }}


By proceeding your current session will end and you will be logged in as the user #{loggeduser.loginAsUser.fullName}. All actions performed during this session will be contributed to this user.


Preparation time
30 mins to 1 hour
Cooking time
1 to 2 hours
Serves
Serves 4
I have written recipes for seafood risotto before but never made it with the distinctive mix of spices so particular to Venice, which I call a Byzantine spice mix. As with all my mixed seafood dishes, the ingredients are only what I would like. Feel free to use whatever you do.
For the spice mix, grind all of the ingredients using a pestle and mortar or an electric grinder. Store in an airtight tin or box.
For the fish stock, put all the ingredients except the fish bones into a large pan, add 2¼ litres/3¾ pints water and bring to the boil. Turn down the heat and simmer gently for 20 minutes. Add the fish bones (or fish fillet) and bring back up to a simmer, skimming off any scum as it rises to the surface. Simmer for a further 20 minutes. Strain through a sieve into a clean pan and simmer a little longer, if necessary, until reduced to about 1¼ litres/2 pints. Keep warm.
For the prawn stock, heat the olive oil in a large pan over a medium heat. Add the garlic and the prawn heads and shells. Stir-fry for a couple of minutes before adding the tomato purée, salt and 300ml/10fl oz water. Cook for 10 minutes, then pass through a sieve, pushing down on the shells to extract as much of the prawn flavour as you can. Discard the shells, set the stock aside and keep warm.
For the risotto, heat 3 tablespoons of the olive oil in a large frying pan over a medium heat. Fry the shallots and garlic gently until softened. Add the rice and fry it in the oil for 2 minutes, then add the Byzantine spice mix and stir it through the rice.
Add the white wine, bring to a simmer and allow to evaporate, then add a ladle of the hot fish stock.
When this has been absorbed, add the next ladle, and continue to do so, stirring after each addition, until you have only a couple of ladlefuls left, this should take about 16-18 minutes. Add the mussels and prawn stock.
Heat the remaining tablespoon of olive oil in a frying pan until simmering and fry the red mullet strips, squid rings and tentacles and shrimps briskly for 2–3 minutes.
Season with salt and pepper. Stir the seafood into the risotto with the remaining fish stock and cook for 1-2 minutes, or until absorbed.
Stir in the butter, crab meat and parsley, and serve immediately.


All Classes
App
AuthTool
EchoBot
JSonConfReader
RainbowCallbackItem
RainbowEventHandler
RainbowEventName
RainbowEventSubscriber


If you're the ready, fire, aim type (aren't all programmers?), you should find everything you need on this page to start using DuxForm.
This package consists of three React components: <DuxForm>
, <DuxInput>
, and
<DuxAutoComplete>
. DuxForm and DuxInput are thin wrappers around <form>
and
<input>
. All attributes such as method
, target
,
or className
are passed along to the underlying HTML tags.
npm install duxform
If you are using the <DuxAutoComplete>
component, you also need to link to the
duxautocomplete.css
file in the node_modules/duxform/website/dist/
directory.
<link rel="stylesheet" href="duxautocomplete.css"/>
DuxForm stores form state in the Redux store. It requires the root form
object in the store.
A reducer is supplied to manage this.
import {DuxFormReducer} from 'duxform'; const appReducer = combineReducers({ ... // other reducers forms: DuxFormReducer });
DuxForm doesn't place any special requirements on browser support. It has been tested on the modern evergreen browsers (Chrome and Firefox) as well as Internet Explorer 10 and 11. It definitely won't work on Internet Explorer 8 or earlier.
Here is a really brief example. It demonstrates a couple of fields and a onSubmit handler to process the form submission. The current Redux store is shown to the right of the form. Try hitting the Enter key in the fields.


License:
Distributed under the terms of the MIT license.
Consult the provided LICENSE.md file for details
class Dominator;
Parse, hierarchize, analyse xhtml
this();
Instantiate empty Dominator
this(string haystack);
Instantiate object and load the Document
Dominator load(string haystack);
loads a Document
Params:
string haystack
the Document String
Node[] getNodes();
returns all found Nodes.
Please note, that also Nodes will be returned which was found in comments.
use isComment() to check if a Node is in a comment or use libdominator.Filter.filterComments()
Returns:
Nodes[]
string getStartElement(Node node);
gets the Tag Name of the Node
Params:
Node node
The Node to get the Tag Name from
Returns:
The Tag Name as string
string getElelment(Node node);
gets the part of the loaded Document from the nodes begining to its end
Params:
Node node
The Node from which you want to get the Document representation
string getInner(Node node);
gets the Inner-HTML from the given node
Params:
Node node
The Node from which you want to get the Inner-HTML


10 years into their existance, Two Beers Brewing is still one of the most consitent breweries that you can find in Seattle. Working out of an office park in the Sodo/Georgetown neighborhood, you will find a great spot for groups of all sizes with 24+ taps of Two Beers, plus sister Seattle Cider Company, as well as food prepared on site by Bread & Circus's. Defintiely one of the better options from one of the longer tenured Seattle brewing venture.
Not satisfied with your current choice?


@()(implicit cart: Cart) @main("Demo page") {
This application shows the use of implicit template parameters. The "You have 4 items in your shopping cart" text in the black navigation bar above, is rendered using an implicit Cart object, which is passed through the templates.
}


HardwareKeyboard
public enum HardwareKeyboard: String, LaunchArgumentValue
Enumeration describing available hardware keyboards in the system.
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard Arabic.
Declaration
Swift
case Arabic = "ar@hw=Arabic"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard Bengali.
Declaration
Swift
case Bengali = "bn@hw=Bangla"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard BulgarianBulgaria.
Declaration
Swift
case BulgarianBulgaria = "bg_BG@hw=Bulgarian - Phonetic"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard CatalanSpain.
Declaration
Swift
case CatalanSpain = "ca_ES@hw=Spanish - ISO"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard Cherokee.
Declaration
Swift
case Cherokee = "chr@hw=Cherokee-Nation"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard ChineseChina.
Declaration
Swift
case ChineseChina = "zh_CN@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard ChineseSimplifiedPinyinRomanization.
Declaration
Swift
case ChineseSimplifiedPinyinRomanization = "zh_Hans-Pinyin@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard ChineseSimplifiedWUBIHUA.
Declaration
Swift
case ChineseSimplifiedWUBIHUA = "zh_Hans-Wubihua@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard ChineseTaiwan.
Declaration
Swift
case ChineseTaiwan = "zh_TW@hw=Zhuyin Bopomofo"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard ChineseTraditionalCANGJIE.
Declaration
Swift
case ChineseTraditionalCANGJIE = "zh_Hant-Cangjie@hw=CangjieKeyboard"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard ChineseTraditionalPinyinRomanization.
Declaration
Swift
case ChineseTraditionalPinyinRomanization = "zh_Hant-Pinyin@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard ChineseTraditionalSUCHENG.
Declaration
Swift
case ChineseTraditionalSUCHENG = "zh_Hant-Sucheng@hw=CangjieKeyboard"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard ChineseTraditionalWUBIHUA.
Declaration
Swift
case ChineseTraditionalWUBIHUA = "zh_Hant-Wubihua@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard ChineseTraditionalZHUYIN.
Declaration
Swift
case ChineseTraditionalZHUYIN = "zh_Hant-Zhuyin@hw=Zhuyin Bopomofo"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard CroatianCroatia.
Declaration
Swift
case CroatianCroatia = "hr_HR@hw=Croatian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard CzechCzechRepublic.
Declaration
Swift
case CzechCzechRepublic = "cs_CZ@hw=Czech"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard DanishDenmark.
Declaration
Swift
case DanishDenmark = "da_DK@hw=Danish"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard DutchBelgium.
Declaration
Swift
case DutchBelgium = "nl_BE@hw=Belgian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard DutchNetherlands.
Declaration
Swift
case DutchNetherlands = "nl_NL@hw=Dutch"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard EnglishAustralia.
Declaration
Swift
case EnglishAustralia = "en_AU@hw=Australian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard EnglishCanada.
Declaration
Swift
case EnglishCanada = "en_CA@hw=Canadian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard EnglishIndia.
Declaration
Swift
case EnglishIndia = "en_IN@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard EnglishJapan.
Declaration
Swift
case EnglishJapan = "en_JP@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard EnglishSingapore.
Declaration
Swift
case EnglishSingapore = "en_SG@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard EnglishUnitedKingdom.
Declaration
Swift
case EnglishUnitedKingdom = "en_GB@hw=British"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard EnglishUnitedStates.
Declaration
Swift
case EnglishUnitedStates = "en_US@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard EstonianEstonia.
Declaration
Swift
case EstonianEstonia = "et_EE@hw=Estonian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard FinnishFinland.
Declaration
Swift
case FinnishFinland = "fi_FI@hw=Finnish"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard FrenchBelgium.
Declaration
Swift
case FrenchBelgium = "fr_BE@hw=French"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard FrenchCanada.
Declaration
Swift
case FrenchCanada = "fr_CA@hw=Canadian - CSA"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard FrenchFrance.
Declaration
Swift
case FrenchFrance = "fr_FR@hw=French"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard FrenchSwitzerland.
Declaration
Swift
case FrenchSwitzerland = "fr_CH@hw=Swiss French"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard Georgian.
Declaration
Swift
case Georgian = "ka@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard GermanAustria.
Declaration
Swift
case GermanAustria = "de_AT@hw=German"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard GermanGermany.
Declaration
Swift
case GermanGermany = "de_DE@hw=German"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard GermanSwitzerland.
Declaration
Swift
case GermanSwitzerland = "de_CH@hw=Swiss German"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard GreekGreece.
Declaration
Swift
case GreekGreece = "el_GR@hw=Greek"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard Gujarati.
Declaration
Swift
case Gujarati = "gu@hw=Gujarati"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard Hawaiian.
Declaration
Swift
case Hawaiian = "haw@hw=Hawaiian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard HebrewIsrael.
Declaration
Swift
case HebrewIsrael = "he_IL@hw=Hebrew"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard Hindi.
Declaration
Swift
case Hindi = "hi@hw=Devanagari"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard HindiLatin.
Declaration
Swift
case HindiLatin = "hi_Latn@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard HindiTRANSLIT.
Declaration
Swift
case HindiTRANSLIT = "hi-Translit@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard HungarianHungary.
Declaration
Swift
case HungarianHungary = "hu_HU@hw=Hungarian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard IcelandicIceland.
Declaration
Swift
case IcelandicIceland = "is_IS@hw=Icelandic"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard IndonesianIndonesia.
Declaration
Swift
case IndonesianIndonesia = "id_ID@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard IrishIreland.
Declaration
Swift
case IrishIreland = "ga_IE@hw=British"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard ItalianItaly.
Declaration
Swift
case ItalianItaly = "it_IT@hw=Italian - Pro"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard JapaneseJapanKANA.
Declaration
Swift
case JapaneseJapanKANA = "ja_JP-Kana@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard JapaneseJapanROMAJI.
Declaration
Swift
case JapaneseJapanROMAJI = "ja_JP-Romaji@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard KoreanSouthKorea.
Declaration
Swift
case KoreanSouthKorea = "ko_KR@hw=2SetHangul"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard LatvianLatvia.
Declaration
Swift
case LatvianLatvia = "lv_LV@hw=Latvian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard LithuanianLithuania.
Declaration
Swift
case LithuanianLithuania = "lt_LT@hw=Lithuanian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard MacedonianMacedonia.
Declaration
Swift
case MacedonianMacedonia = "mk_MK@hw=Macedonian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard MalayMalaysia.
Declaration
Swift
case MalayMalaysia = "ms_MY@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard Marathi.
Declaration
Swift
case Marathi = "mr@hw=Devanagari-QWERTY"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard NorwegianBokmålNorway.
Declaration
Swift
case NorwegianBokmålNorway = "nb_NO@hw=Norwegian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard Persian.
Declaration
Swift
case Persian = "fa@hw=Persian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard PolishPoland.
Declaration
Swift
case PolishPoland = "pl_PL@hw=Polish Pro"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard PortugueseBrazil.
Declaration
Swift
case PortugueseBrazil = "pt_BR@hw=Brazilian - Pro"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard PortuguesePortugal.
Declaration
Swift
case PortuguesePortugal = "pt_PT@hw=Portuguese"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard Punjabi.
Declaration
Swift
case Punjabi = "pa@hw=Gurmukhi"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard RomanianRomania.
Declaration
Swift
case RomanianRomania = "ro_RO@hw=Romanian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard RussianRussia.
Declaration
Swift
case RussianRussia = "ru_RU@hw=Russian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard SerbianCyrillic.
Declaration
Swift
case SerbianCyrillic = "sr_Cyrl@hw=Serbian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard SerbianLatin.
Declaration
Swift
case SerbianLatin = "sr_Latn@hw=Serbian-Latin"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard SlovakSlovakia.
Declaration
Swift
case SlovakSlovakia = "sk_SK@hw=Slovak"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard SlovenianSlovenia.
Declaration
Swift
case SlovenianSlovenia = "sl_SI@hw=Slovenian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard SpanishLatinAmerica.
Declaration
Swift
case SpanishLatinAmerica = "es_419@hw=Spanish - ISO"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard SpanishMexico.
Declaration
Swift
case SpanishMexico = "es_MX@hw=Spanish - ISO"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard SpanishSpain.
Declaration
Swift
case SpanishSpain = "es_ES@hw=Spanish - ISO"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard SwedishSweden.
Declaration
Swift
case SwedishSweden = "sv_SE@hw=Swedish - Pro"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard TagalogPhilippines.
Declaration
Swift
case TagalogPhilippines = "tl_PH@hw=Spanish - ISO"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard Telugu.
Declaration
Swift
case Telugu = "te@hw=Telugu"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard ThaiThailand.
Declaration
Swift
case ThaiThailand = "th_TH@hw=Thai"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard Tibetan.
Declaration
Swift
case Tibetan = "bo@hw=Tibetan-QWERTY"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard TurkishTurkey.
Declaration
Swift
case TurkishTurkey = "tr_TR@hw=Turkish-QWERTY-PC"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard UkrainianUkraine.
Declaration
Swift
case UkrainianUkraine = "uk_UA@hw=Ukrainian"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard Urdu.
Declaration
Swift
case Urdu = "ur@hw=Urdu"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard VietnameseVietnam.
Declaration
Swift
case VietnameseVietnam = "vi_VN@hw=US"
-
Automatically generated value for hardware keyboard WelshUnitedKingdom.
Declaration
Swift
case WelshUnitedKingdom = "cy_GB@hw=British"


Daily Grind
Coffee Specials For Each Day of the Week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Coffee goes here.


Class for encoding to and decoding from JSON.
| package |
Default |
|---|
decode(string $encodedValue, integer $objectDecodeType = self::TYPE_OBJECT) : mixed
Uses json_decode() from ext/json if available.
| Throws |
|
|---|
string
Encoded in JSON format
integer
Optional; flag indicating how to decode objects. See {@link Decoder::decode()} for details.
mixed
decodeViaPhpBuiltIn(string $encodedValue, integer $objectDecodeType) : mixed
| Throws |
|
|---|
string
integer
mixed
encode(mixed $valueToEncode, boolean $cycleCheck = false, array $options = array()) : string
Encodes using ext/json's json_encode() if available.
NOTE: Object should not contain cycles; the JSON format does not allow object reference.
NOTE: Only public variables will be encoded
NOTE: Encoding native javascript expressions are possible using Zend\Json\Expr. You can enable this by setting $options['enableJsonExprFinder'] = true
| see | \Zend\Json\Zend\Json\Expr |
|---|
mixed
boolean
Optional; whether or not to check for object recursion; off by default
array
Additional options used during encoding
string
JSON encoded object
encodeValue(mixed $valueToEncode, boolean $cycleCheck, array $options, boolean $prettyPrint) : string
Intermediary step between injecting JavaScript expressions.
Delegates to either the PHP built-in json_encode operation, or the Encoder component, based on availability of the built-in and/or whether or not the component encoder is requested.
mixed
boolean
array
boolean
string
encodeViaEncoder(mixed $valueToEncode, boolean $cycleCheck, array $options, boolean $prettyPrint) : string
Passes the value, cycle check flag, and options to Encoder::encode().
Once the result is returned, determines if pretty printing is required, and, if so, returns the result of that operation, otherwise returning the encoded value.
mixed
boolean
array
boolean
string
encodeViaPhpBuiltIn(mixed $valueToEncode, boolean $prettyPrint = false) : string|false
Uses the encoding options:
If $prettyPrint is boolean true, also uses JSON_PRETTY_PRINT.
mixed
boolean
string|false
Boolean false return value if json_encode is not available, or the $useBuiltinEncoderDecoder flag is enabled.
injectJavascriptExpressions(string $encodedValue, \SplQueue $javascriptExpressions) : string
Loops through each, substituting the "magicKey" of each with its associated value.
string
\SplQueue
string
prettyPrint(string $json, array $options = array()) : string
Use 'indent' option to select indentation string; by default, four spaces are used.
string
Original JSON string
array
Encoding options
string
recursiveJsonExprFinder(mixed $value, \SplQueue $javascriptExpressions, null|string|integer $currentKey = null) : mixed
Check each value to determine if it is a Zend\Json\Expr; if so, replace the value with a magic key and add the javascript expression to the queue.
NOTE this method is recursive.
NOTE: This method is used internally by the encode method.
| see | \Zend\Json\encode |
|---|
mixed
a string - object property to be encoded
\SplQueue
null|string|integer
mixed
TYPE_ARRAY
TYPE_ARRAY is 1, which also conveniently evaluates to a boolean true value, allowing it to be used with ext/json's functions.
TYPE_OBJECT
useBuiltinEncoderDecoder : boolean
| var |
|---|
boolean


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
My thoughts on the road to being a software engineer


Assignment by Chris Gregg, based on an assignment by Marty Stepp and Victoria Kirst. Originally based on a problem by Julie Zelenski and Jerry Cain.
January 20, 2017
This problem practices using stacks and queues.
This is an individual assignment. Write your own solution and do not work in a pair/group on this program.
wordladder.cpp
file for this portion of the assignment.
Our assignments offer a solution 'demo' that you can run to see the program's expected behavior. On many machines, all you have to do is download the .jar file, then double-click it to run it. But on some Macs, it won't work; your operating system will say that it doesn't know how to launch the file. If you have that issue, download the file, go to the Downloads folder in your Finder, right-click on the file, and click Open, and then press Confirm.
Some Mac users see a security error such as, "cs106x-life-demo.jar can't be opened because it is from an unidentified developer." To fix this, go to System Preferences → Security & Privacy. You will see a section about downloaded apps. You should see a prompt asking if you would like to allow access to our solution JAR. Follow the steps and then you should be able to open the demo.
If all else fails, you could run the demo JAR from a terminal. Every operating system allows you to open a "terminal" or "console" window for typing raw system commands. Open your operating system's terminal or console window (Google if you need to learn how to do this), and then type:
cd DIRECTORY_WHERE_DEMO_JAR_IS_STORED java -jar JAR_FILE_NAME
For example, on a Mac machine, if your user name is jsmith12 and you have saved a demo JAR named hw1.jar in your Documents/106a directory, you would type:
cd /users/jsmith12/Documents/106a java -jar hw1.jar
Or on a Windows machine, if your user name is jsmith12 and you have saved a demo JAR named hw1.jar in your Documents/106a directory, you would type:
cd C:\users\jsmith12\Documents\106a java -jar hw1.jar
Our assignments offer a solution 'demo' that you can run to see the program's expected behavior. On many machines, all you have to do is download the .jar file, then double-click it to run it. But on some Macs, it won't work; your operating system will say that it doesn't know how to launch the file. If you have that issue, download the file, go to the Downloads folder in your Finder, right-click on the file, and click Open, and then press Confirm.
Some Mac users see a security error such as, "cs106x-life-demo.jar can't be opened because it is from an unidentified developer." To fix this, go to System Preferences → Security & Privacy. You will see a section about downloaded apps. You should see a prompt asking if you would like to allow access to our solution JAR. Follow the steps and then you should be able to open the demo.
If all else fails, you could run the demo JAR from a terminal. Every operating system allows you to open a "terminal" or "console" window for typing raw system commands. Open your operating system's terminal or console window (Google if you need to learn how to do this), and then type:
cd DIRECTORY_WHERE_DEMO_JAR_IS_STORED java -jar JAR_FILE_NAME
For example, on a Mac machine, if your user name is jsmith12 and you have saved a demo JAR named hw1.jar in your Documents/106a directory, you would type:
cd /users/jsmith12/Documents/106a java -jar hw1.jar
Or on a Windows machine, if your user name is jsmith12 and you have saved a demo JAR named hw1.jar in your Documents/106a directory, you would type:
cd C:\users\jsmith12\Documents\106a java -jar hw1.jar
A word ladder is a connection from one word to another formed by changing one letter at a time with the constraint that at each step the sequence of letters still forms a valid word. For example, here is a word ladder connecting the word "code" to the word "data". Each changed letter is underlined as an illustration:
There are many other word ladders that connect these two words, but this one is the shortest. There might be others of the same length, but none with fewer steps than this one.
In this problem, write a program that repeatedly prompts the user for two words and finds a minimum-length ladder between the words.
You must use the Stanford Stack
and Queue
collections from Chapter 5, along with following a particular provided algorithm to find the shortest word ladder.
Here is an example log of interaction from your program (with user input bolded). Your output must match this format exactly to earn full credit. (We are very picky.)
Welcome to CS 106X Word Ladder! Give me two English words, and I will change the first into the second by changing one letter at a time. Dictionary file name: dictionary.txt Word 1 (or Enter to quit): code Word 2 (or Enter to quit): data A ladder from data back to code: data date cate cade code Word 1 (or Enter to quit): Have a nice day.
Notice that the word ladder prints out in reverse order, from the second word back to the first. If there are multiple valid word ladders of the same length between a given starting and ending word, your program would not need to generate exactly the ladder shown in this log, but you must generate one of minimum length.
Here are some additional expected output files to compare. Also, your program's graphical Console window has a File → Compare Output feature for checking your output. Use it!
Your code should ignore case; in other words, the user should be able to type uppercase, lowercase, mixed case, etc. words and the ladders should still be found and displayed in lowercase. You should also check for several kinds of user input errors, and not assume that the user will type valid input. Specifically, you should check that both words typed by the user are valid words found in the dictionary, that they are the same length, and that they are not the same word. If invalid input occurs, your program should print an error message and re-prompt the user. See the logs of execution on the course web site for examples of proper program output for such cases.
You will need to keep a dictionary of all English words. We provide a file dictionary.txt that contains these words, one per line. The file's contents look something like the following (abbreviated by ... in the middle in this spec):
aa aah aahed ... zyzzyvas zzz zzzs
Your program should prompt the user to enter a dictionary file name and use that file as the source of the English words. (If the user types a file name that does not exist, reprompt them; see the second execution log on the next page.) Read the file a single time in your program, and choose an efficient collection to store and look up words. Note that you should not ever need to loop over the dictionary as part of solving this problem.
Finding a word ladder is a specific instance of a shortest-path problem of finding a path from a start position to a goal. Shortest-path problems come up in routing Internet packets, comparing gene mutations, and so on. The strategy we will use for finding a shortest path is called breadth-first search ("BFS"), a search process that expands out from a start position, considering all possibilities that are one step away, then two steps away, and so on, until a solution is found. BFS guarantees that the first solution you find will be as short as any other.
For word ladders, start by examining ladders that are one step away from the original word, where only one letter is changed. Then check all ladders that are two steps away, where two letters have been changed. Then three, four, etc. We implement the breadth-first algorithm using a queue to store partial ladders that represent possibilities to explore. Each partial ladder is a stack, which means that your overall collection must be a queue of stacks.
Here is a partial pseudocode description of the algorithm to solve the word-ladder problem:
The following list attempts to illustrate the progress of the overall algorithm when used to find a word ladder from "cat" to "dog". We begin with a queue containing only a single stack containing the starting word, cat. Then we enqueue all of its neighbors; suppose those neighbors in the dictionary are cot, cad, and car. Then we enqueue the neighbors of cot, and then the neighbors of cad, and so on, each as the tops of larger and larger stacks. Eventually we find a path to the destination word, "dog", or we exhaust all possible stack paths and give up.
Finding neighbor words:
Part of the above algorithm describes finding each "neighbor" of a given word.
A neighbor of a given word w is a word of the same length as w that differs by exactly 1 letter from w.
For example, "date" and "data" are neighbors.
It is not appropriate to look for neighbors by looping over the entire dictionary every time; that would be too slow.
Instead use two nested loops: one that goes through each character index in the word, and one that loops through the letters of the alphabet from a
-z
, replacing the character in that index position with each of the 26 letters in turn.
For example, when examining neighbors of "date", you'd try:
aate
, bate
, cate
, ..., zate
← all possible neighbors where only the 1st letter is changed
date
, dbte
, dcte
, ..., dzte
← all possible neighbors where only the 2nd letter is changed
data
, datb
, datc
, ..., datz
← all possible neighbors where only the 4th letter is changed
The following diagram attempts to depict this process. Think of it as "spinning" each of the four letters of "code" through the alphabet A-Z, looking for valid English dictionary words.
. . . . a m b c b n c d +---+---+---+---+ | c | o | d | e | +---+---+---+---+ d p e f e q f g . . . .
Note that many of the possible words along the way (aate, dbte, datz, etc.) are not valid English words. Your algorithm has access to an English dictionary, and each time you generate a word using this looping process, you should look it up in the dictionary to make sure that it is actually a legal English word.
Another subtle issue is that you do not reuse words that have been included in a previous shorter ladder. For example, suppose that you have add the partial ladder cat → cot → cog to the queue. Later on, if your code is processing ladder cat → cot → con, one neighbor of con is cog, so you might want to examine cat → cot → con → cog. But doing so is unnecessary because your goal is to find the shortest valid word ladder, and you have already found one from cat to cog without the unnecessary word con. So you should not enqueue the longer ladder in your algorithm. If you follow this rule properly, it will ensure that as soon as you've enqueued a ladder ending with a specific word, you've found a minimum-length path from the starting word to the end word in the ladder, so you will ever have to enqueue that end word again. To implement this strategy, keep track of the set of words that have already been used in any ladder, and ignore those words if they come up again. Keeping track of what words you've used also eliminates the possibility of getting trapped in an infinite loop by building a circular ladder, such as cat → cot → cog → bog → bag → bat → cat.
It is helpful to test your program on smaller dictionary files first to find bugs or issues related to your dictionary or word searching. We have provided files named smalldict1.txt through smalldict3.txt that you can try. Here is a sample log of execution using a smaller dictionary file:
Welcome to CS 106X Word Ladder! Give me two English words, and I will change the first into the second by changing one letter at a time. Dictionary file name: notfound.txt Unable to open that file. Try again. Dictionary file name: oops where am I.txt Unable to open that file. Try again. Dictionary file name: smalldict1.txt Word 1 (or Enter to quit): ghost Word 2 (or Enter to quit): boo The two words must be the same length. Word 1 (or Enter to quit): marty Word 2 (or Enter to quit): keith The two words must be found in the dictionary. Word 1 (or Enter to quit): kitty Word 2 (or Enter to quit): kitty The two words must be different.
As in other assignments, you should follow our Style Guide for information about expected coding style. You are also expected to follow all of the general style constraints emphasized in the Homework 1 specs, such as the ones about good problem decomposition, parameters, using proper C++ idioms, and commenting. The following are additional points of emphasis and style contraints specific to this problem:
Algorithms: You should follow the general algorithms as described in this document and should not substitute a very different algorithm. In particular, you should follow the breadth-first approach for finding word ladders as described in this spec. You should also not write a recursive algorithm for finding word ladders.
Collections: You are expected to make intelligent decisions about what kind of collections from the Stanford C++ library to use at each step of your algorithm, as well as using those collections properly. As much as possible, pass collections by reference, because passing them by value makes an expensive copy of the collection. Do not use pointers, arrays, or STL containers on this program.
For each assignment problem, we receive various frequent student questions. The answers to some of those questions can be found by clicking the link below.
<>
.
Vector<Vector<int>> foo; // no Vector<Vector<int> > foo; // yes
Lexicon
?
for (char ch = 'a'; ch <= 'z'; ch++) { ... }
Though your solution to this assignment must match all of the specifications mentioned previously, it is allowed and encouraged for you to add extra features to your program if you'd like to go beyond the basic assignment. Note that our motivation for allowing extra features is to encourage your creativity, not inflate your grade; so if any points are given for your extra features, they will be minimal. The purpose is to explore the assignment domain further, not to disrupt the class grading curve. Make sure to see the notes below about how to separate your extra code and how to turn it in properly.
Here are some example ideas for extra features that you could add to your program:
Indicating that you have done extra features: If you complete any extra features, then in the comment heading on the top of your program, please list all extra features that you worked on and where in the code they can be found (what functions, lines, etc. so that the grader can look at their code easily).
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turbo::RotativeBuffer< T > Class Template Reference
Simple cirular buffer implementation. More...
#include <RotativeBuffer.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| RotativeBuffer (T initial_value, unsigned short size) | |
| Initialize the cirular buffer. More... | |
| RotativeBuffer () | |
| Initialize a cirular buffer of size 10 and the default value of the type as memset. | |
| T & | get_data (unsigned short position) const |
| get an item of the circular buffer More... | |
| T * | get_array () const |
| get the buffer rotated by the buffer position | |
| void | turn () |
| void | set_first (const T &val) |
| void | set_last (const T &val) |
| unsigned short | get_size () const |
| const T & | operator[] (unsigned short pos) |
| operator const char * () | |
Protected Attributes | |
| T * | buffer = nullptr |
| unsigned short | size |
| unsigned short | position = 0 |
Detailed Description
template<typename T = unsigned char>
class turbo::RotativeBuffer< T >
Simple cirular buffer implementation.
- Template Parameters
-
T content type
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
◆ RotativeBuffer()
template<typename T = unsigned char>
|
inline |
Initialize the cirular buffer.
- Parameters
-
initial_value value to memset size size of the circular buffer
Member Function Documentation
◆ get_data()
template<typename T = unsigned char>
|
inline |
get an item of the circular buffer
- Parameters
-
position position in the buffer
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- include/turbo/RotativeBuffer.hpp


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I am currently in my second year of a Master's degree in computer science at Northeastern University.
After completing a degree in medicine and public health, I joined the ALIGN program at Northeastern in 2020. Since then, I have gained fundamental knowledge and technical skills in programming. My ability to learn new skills has always prompted me to take up challenges and I have enjoyed the process of innovative thinking for problem-solving.
I believe the skills I have developed in computer science, my clinical and public health background, and most important of all, my passion to make this a better and healthier world through technology, will enable me to bring different perspectives into the tech world.
My current goal is to gain more real-world experience from co-ops/internships. In the future, I hope to contribute to people's health with the power of technology.


WITNESS LIST Appropriations-S/C on Criminal Justice Committee March 16, 1999-5:00P Budget On: Crawford, Rick (State Preservation Board) Elliston, Randy (Department of Public Safety) McNutt, David (Texas Department of Criminal Justice) Sheridan, Mike (Texas Workforce Commission) Treadway, Tom (General Services Commission)


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_('You take the red pill, you stay in Wonderland, and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes.')


The idyll
command line tool accepts the following options
--components
the path to your custom components. By default this points to components/
.--css
the path to your CSS file. You can use this to override Idyll's default styles, e.g. $ idyll index.idl --css my-custom-styles.css
.--datasets
the path to the folder containing your datasets. By default this points to data/
.--inputString
a string of Idyll markup. Use this flag to compile a string instead of a file.--layout
the name of the layout to use. By default this is blog
. More on layouts below.--no-minify
turn code minification off when building for production.--no-ssr
turn server-side rendering off when building for production.--output
the folder in which to place build output.--theme
the name of the theme to use. By default this is idyll
. More on themes below.--template
a custom HTML template to use.--watch
the watch flag tells Idyll if it should watch files for changes, or just run once and exit.If you are using Idyll via the project generator, open package.json
to change these options.
Idyll exposes two options to help you style your project, layout
and theme
. layout
deals with CSS styles related to how your content is
layed out on the page: width, columns, etc. The theme
option allows you to choose different stylesheets to change the style of the content itself (text color, font, and so on).
Idyll currently ships with several page layouts that can be used to modify how content is displayed on the page, allowing you to quickly test out different narrative styles for you project.
The centered
layout puts your content in the center of the page and is mobile responsive.
This is the default layout. The blog
layout is fairly traditional article layout with room in the margin to
put notes and other callouts. See https://mathisonian.github.io/trig/etymology/ for an example of this layout.
If you set --layout none
Idyll won't provide any structural CSS, allowing you to customize things to your
heart's content.
This is the default theme, it uses CSS that resembles the styles in GitHub READMEs.
This theme uses custom styles that go along with Idyll's look and feel. See https://mathisonian.github.io/trig/etymology/ for an example of this style.
The Tufte
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You can use Idyll directly from JavaScript as well; this is useful if you want to build on top of Idyll. For example, you could make a static blog engine that uses Idyll to compile the blog posts.
var Idyll = require('idyll');
var idyll = Idyll({
inputFile: 'my-file.idl'
output: 'build/',
htmlTemplate: '_index.html',
componentFolder: './components/'
dataFolder: './data',
layout: 'centered',
theme: 'github'
});
idyll.build()
.on('update', () => {}) // the compilation finished.
.on('error', () => {}) // there was an error
If you pass live: true
to Idyll, it will continue to watch the input files for changes,
and will emit the update event each time that the output is rebuilt.
You can also compile an input string directly instead of a file:
var idyll = Idyll();
idyll
.build('# My Idyll markup')
.on('update', () => { console.log('Finished.') });
Continue to the next section to learn about Idyll components.


This command invokes the Encryption Algorithm Dialog to choose the cipher used with subsequent use of the Encrypt and Decrypt commands. The algorithms available are all those provided by the Cryptographic Service Providers that are installed on your computer, as well as a bonus algorithm that comes with HexEdit. See Encryption for more details.
If you use the HexEdit internal algorithm the selection must be a multiple of the block length (8 bytes) before you can encrypt or decrypt. If you use a CSP block algorithm the encrypted length will be increased slightly, but decreased again when you decrypt -- if you are in overtype (OVR) mode HexEdit will prompt you to turn on insert (INS) mode. If you use a CSP stream cipher then you can encrypt a selection of any length and the size remains unchanged.
Always decrypt using the same CSP, algorithm and password that you encrypted with. If you don't encrypt the whole file you also need to remember the length of the encrypted data. If you decrypt on a different machine you must make sure that the same CSP that was used to encrypt is available to decrypt.
Shortcuts
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--- layout: default title: Littera scripta manet ---
Tablet name: tip ETH
Tablet address:
Tablet owner:


To see the demo, start a web server and load this page (e.g., `npx http-server` and navigate to http://<IP_ADDRESS>:8080/demos/fonts/core-with-promise.html).
 It will load fonts on demand when
you call Vex.Flow.fetchMusicFont(fontName)
. This method is asynchronous and returns a Promise.
Open your browser's developer tools to see that font modules are downloaded upon request:
View the page's source.


Inc. Population
Welcome! I am a student at Lund University in Sweden, where I'm working on my master's in GIS. This is my journal of learning d3. Each page will display a map where I take on an entirely new project or add a new feature to an existing project. I post general thoughts on the map iteration on the page, and my code is heavily annotated to give better understanding to aspiring d3 devs like myself. If you have no familiarity at all with d3 or javascript, this might not be enough. Start with Codecademy or Interactive Data Visualization for the Web. Without further ado, let's get into the entries!
This is the first mapping project. In this map, I try to lay down the standards for my own map writing which include asynchronous data parsing and rescalability. Additionally, I run into a serious error parsing .csvs.
In this update, I add tooltip functionality to the base map. While most of it is straightforward, I had to learn how to solve a problem with tooltip positioning.
In this entry I update my tooltip formatting, visually represent multiple variables, and focus on point data.
Now with 1000 cities! In this update of the map, I tackle zoom and some JS quirks to better represent the whole cities dataset.
In this update, I decided to do a decluttering of my previous map by drawing the significant features by zoom level.


Unlimited Games. How should Red play 62?
pips Red=115 White=125
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
Everybody got this one right. Sixes don’t grow on trees and Red must play 22/16. 16/14 is a fraction better than 3/1 with the two because it doesn’t put a checker out of play.
8/6, 8/2 was played over the board but that makes White’s life very easy. It is a 1.5 blunder.
8/6, 8/2 was played over the board but that makes White’s life very easy. It is a 1.5 blunder.
1. Cubeful 2-ply 22/14 Eq.: -0.639 0.360 0.089 0.002 - 0.640 0.246 0.007 2. Cubeful 2-ply 22/16 3/1 Eq.: -0.675 (-0.036) 0.358 0.087 0.002 - 0.642 0.257 0.007 3. Cubeful 2-ply 8/6 8/2 Eq.: -0.691 (-0.052) 0.324 0.060 0.001 - 0.676 0.142 0.004 4. Cubeful 2-ply 9/7 9/3 Eq.: -0.741 (-0.103) 0.314 0.048 0.000 - 0.686 0.141 0.004 5. Cubeful 0-ply 8/2 3/1 Eq.: -1.000 (-0.361) 0.238 0.035 0.000 - 0.762 0.179 0.008


--- layout: post title: Calling One Way WCF Service with BizTalk WCF Adapter, Part 2 date: 2008-12-30 18:36:37.000000000 +01:00 categories: [] tags: - BizTalk - BizTalk 2006 R2 - OneWay - WCF status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: '1' author: login: admin email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Philippe first_name: Philippe last_name: Vlérick excerpt: !ruby/object:Hpricot::Doc options: {} ---
As promised, here is the follow up of my previous post: Calling One Way WCF Service with BizTalk WCF Adapter, Part 1.
Let's do a qui recap: we want to create a WCF proxy that will call a one way web service and return an empty message to BizTalk so the messaging process doesn't timeout waiting for an answer.
The first step is to create a service interface that is able to receive any message. This is done by
[ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://pvle.be/WcfOneWayProxy", Name = "OneWayProxy")] public interface IOneWayProxy { [OperationContract(Action = "*", ReplyAction = "*")] Message ProcessOneWayMessage(Message message); }
The operation has to be defined as a request/reply operation, as this is what BizTalk expects. Note the Action property of the OperationContractAttribute, its value is set to "*" meaning that all received messages will be dispatched to that operation.
Now that the interface is ready, let's implement it.
[ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.PerCall, ValidateMustUnderstand = false)] public class OneWayProxy : IOneWayProxy { private const String ConfigurationName = "ServiceEndpoint"; private static ChannelFactory<IOutputChannel> Factory; static OneWayProxy() { BasicHttpBinding binding = new BasicHttpBinding(); OneWayProxy.Factory = new ChannelFactory<IOutputChannel>(OneWayProxy.ConfigurationName); OneWayProxy.Factory.Open(); } #region IOneWayProxy Members public Message ProcessOneWayMessage(Message message) { IOutputChannel channel = OneWayProxy.Factory.CreateChannel(); try { //Send the one way message channel.Open(); channel.Send(message); channel.Close(); } catch (Exception) { //Do something, log the exception, whatever return Message.CreateMessage(message.Version, "http://pvle.be/EmptyReplyAction"); } //Whatever happens, send a response as this was "Fire and Forget" for the caller //Empty response send back to BizTalk so messaging process can terminate gracefully return Message.CreateMessage(message.Version, "http://pvle.be/EmptyReplyAction"); } #endregion }
A couple of remarks here:
Now that we have our service implementation, we can host it. I hosted it in IIS, as this is probably the best way to host WCF services and as this proxy should be running all the time.
The last step is to make sure that your one way WCF adapter is calling the proxy. This is done by changing the address in the WCF Adapter configuration in your BizTalk project.
Once this is set (the SOAP Action header remains the same), you are ready to run you orchestration. You will see that the messaging process will no longer timeout, as our home made proxy will send an empty response message.
Let's face it, this implementation is fine for a proof of concept, but it's hardly enough for a real application as only one endpoint is defined in the configuration.
If you have multiple one way endpoints and you want to reuse that proxy, you'll probably need to have some lookup table in the proxy code to define the destination of the call, based on the To property of the Message object. This way, you can use a single one way proxy for all the actions needed in your orchestrations, as long as you are not using the same action for more than one endpoint.


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Guan Eng: Govt ensures 2020 development expenditure to be used in the same year
PETALING JAYA, Nov 10 — The government will ensure that the development expenditure allocated in Budget 2020 will be used in the same year, said Finance Minister Lim Guan Eng.
He said this year’s allocation for development expenditure has not been used and he will be holding a meeting to resolve the matter.
“ when we talk about the development expenditure for Budget 2019, the money has been drawn out in January this year, but some ministries only gave them to the agencies and departments in May or June.
“Only after May and June was it opened for tender...the money which was supposed to have been spent can now only be spent in 2020,” he said in his speech at the Selangor DAP Annual Convention here this year.
Also present was Selangor DAP chairman who is also Communications and Multimedia Minister, Gobind Singh Deo.
Lim said he was confident economic development for the year 2020 will be better than this year.
Meanwhile, commenting on the Tanjung Piai by-election campaign at the press conference, Lim who is also DAP secretary-general said Pakatan Harapan’s component parties have to work together to retain the seat.
“We don’t deny that there is unhappiness but I think that there is a need to work together to win together.
“Remember that any loss for Pakatan Harapan is also a loss for each individual party, so it is important that we have to work towards our objective,” he said.
When asked on what action should be taken against Perak Menteri Besar Datuk Seri Ahmad Faizal Azumu regarding his remarks in a video clip that has gone viral recently, Lim said the matter should be resolved internally in the spirit of ‘setiakawan’ and no double standards. — Bernama


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--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/option.20is.20a.20monad.html ---
I read in Programming in Lean that option is a monad. I rolled my own option
and decided to try and define a term of type monad option
. I seem to have to fill in a bunch of fields, I've done half of them, and it's just dawned on me that none of them are proofs :-/ I have map_const
, seq_left
and seq_right
left to do. But I'm not doing the right thing because I'm sure there should be proofs involved. Should I be proving it's a lawful monad?
Yes
monad
is for programming, and programmers don't need proofs
Kevin, what you're doing is called Haskell. To become Lean you need the lawfulness.
I was actually experimenting with things which I thought might be worth doing in the tutorial project
but for some reason I thought a monad had about two fields and two proofs
and currently I seem to have to prove map_const_eq
, _id_map
, bind_pure_comp_eq_map
, bind_map_eq_seq
, pure_bind
, bind_assoc
and I also have to guess definitions of map_const
, seq_left
and seq_right
this has got a bit out of hand.
The category_theory monad would look more like what you expect
Furthermore I have no idea what all the notation means in the goals :-) x >>= pure ∘ f = f <$> x
?
but I don't know whether it is suitable for your purposes
My purposes are trying to figure out if I can teach schoolkids what monads are
At the VU, we just defined our own monad class.
To avoid all that stuff.
Two fields, three proofs.
What's with the burrito?
Is one of them (f >>= λ (_x : α → β), _x <$> x) = f <*> x
Seriously?
@Patrick Massot Search for monad and burrito
And brew yourself a cup of coffee.... you'll have a long evening
https://duckduckgo.com/?t=ffab&q=monad+burrito&atb=v1-1&ia=web
@Kevin Buzzard Does Lean know what a burrito is?
This is the original source: https://byorgey.wordpress.com/2009/01/12/abstraction-intuition-and-the-monad-tutorial-fallacy/
You could try proving that those are monads
Johan Commelin said:
https://duckduckgo.com/?t=ffab&q=monad+burrito&atb=v1-1&ia=web
I commend you for using duckduckgo.
Reminds me of this
@wilshipley git gets easier once you get the basic idea that branches are homeomorphic endofunctors mapping submanifolds of a Hilbert space.
- Isaac Wolkerstorfer (@agnoster)Oh, I remember now. I've met those before, but I forgot.
Today is the perfect day, and this is the perfect thread, to mention Burritos for the hungry mathematician
https://neoeinstein.github.io/monads-are-not-burritos/
So it is a theorem in Lean, that what Leo de Moura thinks a monad is, is the same as what Scott Morrison thinks a monad is?
Category theory is some weird way for type theory to formally verify programming languages or something.
Kevin Buzzard said:
So it is a theorem in Lean, that what Leo de Moura thinks a monad is, is the same as what Scott Morrison thinks a monad is?
Not sure if this has been done.
Why is the Lean term option.monad
a monad, Scott Morrison?
One answer is https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib/blob/master/src/category_theory/monad/types.lean
Which takes a type-level lawful monad and produces a category theoretic monad.
But we "just" need to understand why option
is an algebra object in the monoidal category of endofunctors of Type
.

Johannes got it into what a computer scientist thought a category was?
If you wanted to prove that option was a monad purely in the category theoretic definition, you would start with:
import category_theory.monad.basic import category_theory.functorial import category_theory.types open category_theory @[reducible] def Option := of_type_functor option.{0} instance monad_Option : monad Option := { η := -- We need to provide `𝟭 Type ⟶ Option`, -- i.e. a natural transformation from the identity functor to the Option functor -- In components, this just means for each type `α` a morphism from `α` to `option α`. -- I can think of two good options, `some` and `none`. -- Let's guess `some` is the right answer! -- Hopefully the category theoretic automation is good enough we won't need to check naturality. { app := λ α x, some x, }, -- Indeed, the naturality proof was provided "under the hood". μ := -- Now we need to provide `Option ⋙ Option ⟶ Option`. { app := λ α x, begin dsimp [Option] at x, dsimp [Option], -- There's only one sensible thing to do: exact x.get_or_else none, end, -- Unfortunately, naturality doesn't happen automatically this time! naturality' := λ α β f, begin ext, dsimp, cases x, -- There appears to be a ridiculous lack of `simp` lemmas about the `option` functor... sorry, sorry, end}, -- We still need to prove that what we wrote down constituted an algebra in `Type ⥤ Type`: left_unit' := sorry, right_unit' := sorry, assoc' := sorry, }
I've given up there because people have neglected to prove the obvious simp lemmas about the functor
and is_lawful_functor
instances they biult for option
.
Maybe I should have just proved it was a functor by hand, and then the monad
proof would be worked automatically.
Scott, you look at those proofs and think sigh, I must go and write more automation
I think I look at them and say "hey, we are five computer game puzzles away from proving that option is a monad, let's play some computer games"
Oh, actually the reason those proofs were breaking was that I wrote { app := λ α x, none, },
when I'd said in the comment that we were going to write { app := λ α x, some x, },
Can you post a fixed version?
Yes. Indeed, if you turn on case bashing then tidy just handles everything:
import category_theory.monad.basic import category_theory.types open category_theory -- We turn on case bashing, to case split on `option` hypotheses. attribute [tidy] tactic.case_bash def Option := of_type_functor option.{0} instance monad_Option : monad Option := { η := -- We need to provide `𝟭 Type ⟶ Option`, -- i.e. a natural transformation from the identity functor to the Option functor -- In components, this just means for each type `α` a morphism from `α` to `option α`. -- I can think of two good options, `some` and `none`. -- Let's guess `some` is the right answer! -- Hopefully the category theoretic automation is good enough we won't need to check naturality. { app := λ α x, some x, }, -- Indeed, the naturality proof was provided "under the hood". μ := -- Now we need to provide `Option ⋙ Option ⟶ Option`. { app := λ α x, x.get_or_else none, }, }
Option is a monad!
in just three lines, plus comments :-)
Now what about the theorem that _root_.monad
is a monad?
this is so cool
Thanks @Shing Tak Lam
@Kevin, what do you mean? That's the proof Johannes wrote that I linked above.
I see, so it's all there.
Yes. To prove option
is a category-theoretic monad you should of course just combine the fact people have proved it's a computer science monad already, and the generic translation to category-theoretic monads.
The proof I wrote above is just for pedagogy.
@Simon Hudon would you ever need to import category_theory.monad.types
when you are, say, writing meta code? Do you ever use option.monad
? Presumably you use monads? What would happen if they were tagged noncomputable
?
option.monad
is used whenever you write opt >>= f
where opt : option A
actually that's not quite correct because there is a has_bind
superclass that provides that, but monad
gives you other haskelly notations like <*>
and *>
actually monad
is basically just the join of other typeclasses, so it doesn't contribute anything new but other functions are written to that interface. So for instance you can't write return a : option A
without using option.monad
but you can write pure a : option A
which is the name contributed by applicative
(thank you haskell for having not one but two nonintuitive names for the same function), or of course some a : option A
I don't have a clue what >>=
means. Is this notation commonly used? This is some meta thing, right? :wink:
and all the other funny emoticons like <*>
?
a >>= \lam b. f
means the same as do b <- a, f
, which is how you will normally see it
actually do
notation is just syntax for the former
OK so I must confess that I have seen b <- a
before.
And what would happen if I made it noncomputable? Would anything break?
yes, everything would break
What exactly?
all tactics
All tactics?
rofl
taking away bind is like taking away function composition
But what would happen if Scott made his construction noncomputable?
you can have a function, but only one. two is too many
That said, category_theory.monad.types
has very little impact if any on the lean programmer
monad Option
is not even the same monad as monad option
because we don't use category_theory.monad
for any of that
Hence the two Wikipedia pages I guess
Also, it should be noted that it is not an exact match (between Leo's monad and Scott's monad in the category of types) because of universe issues
Leo's monad has two universe parameters, Scott's has one
I don't care, I'm into ZFC
I know my small category from my large category
It matters here for more than size reasons
it's the difference between asking for a function f : X -> Y
and f : X -> X
Yes but the generic mathematician chooses to ignore these foundational issues
We work in Type in Type.
I'm saying it's more than that
We're careful not to press the bad self-destruct button in Type-in-Type.
Leo's monads literally contain objects that are not monads in Scott's sense because they don't have a multiplication
they have a bind
operator but not a join
Oh you're just saying that Johannes proved something about lawful monads?
which one are we talking about now?
monad
is a predicate on functions F : Type u -> Type v
. Crucially, unlike the category theory monad situation, you cannot iterate F
So monads are like topoi, the word is used by different people to mean literally different things?
The definition of category theory monad uses a function mu : F (F X) -> F X
which doesn't typecheck
(mu
is also called join
in the haskell tradition)
Instead, the "multiplication operator" is written in a sort of continuation passing style, bind : F A -> (A -> F B) -> F B
, which doesn't require iterating F
The proof that bind
and join
are equivalent defines join x = bind x id
but id
doesn't typecheck here because one side is in Type u
and the other is in Type v
I'm not sure how you could capture this in a category theory setting, since it is like you have two categories and some of the arrows in the diagram are spanning both categories
Perhaps you could go for Kleisli (F : Type u -> Type v) := {obj := Type u, hom := \lam A B, A -> F B}
with bind as composition
and the statement that F
is a lawful monad is the same as the claim that this forms a category
Do we know of any monad that intrinsically change universe? (i.e. where you can only define with v \ne u)
There was a time when io
was a universe changing monad, although right now that's not necessary because it is implemented with meta constants
there is a way to make the collection of all monad_io
's a universe changing monad
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
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new Binding(js)
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
js |
string | optional Optionally provide initial JS on construction. |
Methods
-
withJs(js)
-
Replaces any current JS with that provided, re-executes if live.
Name Type Description js
string The new script to be executed. -
withLocals(locals)
-
Replaces any current locals with those provided
Name Type Description locals
Map.<string, Binding#GetLocalValue> A map of local variable names to functions returning their value.


You can set up multiple ways to receive notifications when checks in your account change state. This is useful for multiple reasons:
Notification methods ("integrations") are scoped to a project: if you want to use a notification method in multiple projects, it must be set up in each project separately.
In the web interface, the list of checks shows a visual overview of which alerting methods are enabled for each check. You can click the icons to toggle them on and off:
You can also toggle the integrations on and off when viewing an individual check:
SITE_NAME limits the maximum number of SMS and WhatsApp notifications an account can send per any given month. The specific limit depends on account's billing plan.
The limit is applied to the combined number of sent SMS and WhatsApp notifications. It automatically resets at the start of each month. The "unused" sends from one month do not carry over to the next month.
When an account exceeds its SMS / WhatsApp monthly limit, SITE_NAME will:
If you want to receive repeated notifications for as long as a particular check is down, you have a few different options:
SITE_NAME sends monthly email reports at the start of each month. Use them to make sure all checks have their expected state and nothing has "fallen through the cracks".
A monthly report shows checks from all projects you have access to. For each check it lists:
You can opt out from the monthly reports in the Account Settings › Email Reports page or by clicking the "Unsubscribe" link in report's footer.


Whoa! Hang on. Wait a minute. What do I see? Are you reading this half-heartedly??? No can do. I'm sorry but you'll have to bear with my annoyingly optimistic charisma while reading my Website.
Right. You in the mood?
Good let's go.
Hey unsuspecting reader, I'm Shreyas Plankiyil Manu, a student at DAV Public School Safilguda.  I'm sorry folks. I'm a DC fan to the core.)
A quick introduction 'bout me. (You might wanna read up. When I become famous it will be useful for you.)
Oh yeah. The skills. This section lists out my skills (not all of them of course....I didn't add sleeping for instance....I'll get 100% easily for that.)
This section starts off with my favourite football teams (I keep on telling you that I'm a football fan and ..... you know what? Forget it.) and then goes on to my coding capabilities.
Los Catalanes Sons de Mejores
This team deserves it's title as the best team in the world!!! Be it the god of football (That's Messi by the way and not that weirdo Ronaldo) or a biting human on the loose, this team has it all!!....
The Gunners!
Well..Ya. It's true. The standards of Arsenal have fallen over a couple of years. But who cares? They still perform well and once a Gunner, always a Gunner!!!
Stern des Südens
Ya I know that Bundesliga is kinda slow but you gotta give it up for Bayern Munich. With Robert Lewandowski and a whole lotta other players, the team's a goal machine! This is further justified by the fact that they have been at the top for 7 years!..
Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is a piece of cake for me (or so I presume!). I love long codes and I like them clean, so no bugs and make sure your nesting is right.
Cascading Style Sheets
CSS right? Ohk... It's alright for me I guess... Of course I'm no pro here... I gotta learn more about CSS. Right now I'm alright and I can style websites well and I'm getting better for me.
Javascript
Javascript?? I'm out!  It's so boring yet so important. I'm very bad at it so I kinda hate it. What adds to my misery is that Javascript is needed for a website to have function. I'm sure I'll get better at it. Let's wait and watch.....
I know this sounds weird. But who cares that I'm a 15 year old (barely) boy?? I can do a lotta things for you. I'm free for work so you call email me if you have a job for me.
Webdesign? Ya that's totally my field. I can help you out if you want a website to be designed for you. No charges of course!
If you want me to help you with your coding, that's alright. I'm here for you. If you aren't able to get an output or think your code is buggy, contact me!
Am I good at powerpoint? You bet! I can create beautiful presentations for you. If you are an online instructor and preparing the slides seem tedious for you, don't fear for I'm here!
Do you own a financial company or are you a data scientist? In the unlikely case you actually are, I can help you with your excel computations (and can I get a summer job at your company??(Jk.....But if the answer is yes then I'm not kidding...))..
If you've got tips, feedback or anything just send me a message...
P.S: No..I mean it...Seriously....Go ahead and fill the form......
That's a good question..
I'll keep that anonymous thank you
But I'll give you a clue- "India"
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>JK! That's gonna be anonymous....
Mail Me if you need anything....
Just press the envelope at the bottom of the page.


T
- The type of objects the implementation class will sortpublic interface SortingAlgorithm<T extends java.lang.Comparable<T>> extends ICloneable<SortingAlgorithm<T>>
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
setCompletionStatus(boolean completionStatus)
Sets the sorting completion status of sorting algorithm
|
void |
sort(java.util.List<T> list,
java.util.Comparator<T> comparator)
Method to sort the list of objects
|
boolean |
sortComplete()
Gets whether the sorting algorithm has finished sorting
|
deepClone
void sort(java.util.List<T> list, java.util.Comparator<T> comparator)
list
- The list of objects to be sortedcomparator
- The comparator to be used when sortingvoid setCompletionStatus(boolean completionStatus)
completionStatus
- the completion status to setboolean sortComplete()


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Welcome
Algoland.NET is a portal where you'll find popular algorithms explained and implemented in C#. When you're preparing for an interview or just studying computer science, you find most code examples written in Java or C++. Sometimes you wish to find an implementation in a particular language since build-in class libraries and language constructs differ.
If you love C# or just looking for an algorithm example written in C#, Algoland.NET is here to help.
Contribution
Like Algoland.NET and want to make it better? Feel free to contribute.
The project source code is hosted on GitHub.
Fork the repo, add your algorithm, and make a pull request. Thank you for contribution!


Esperance Police investigate serious Hicks Street crash
by Jake DietschPolice are investigating a serious crash that occurred on Hicks Street in Esperance on Saturday, November 9.
At about 7.00pm, a black Suzuki motorcycle was travelling in a north westerly direction on Hicks Street when the motorcycle mounted the kerb and the rider fell from the vehicle.
The rider, a 29 year-old man, received serious injuries.
He was taken to Esperance Health Campus before being airlifted by the Royal Flying Doctor Service to Royal Perth Hospital.
Police are asking anyone who may have seen the crash or the motorcycle travelling in the area prior to the crash, or have dash-cam vision of the area around that time, to come forward.
Anyone with any information relating to the crash is asked to call Esperance Police on (08) 9079 8999.


Previous Trump foreign policy adviser Carter Page returns to Moscow, telling Russian state-run news agency RIA Novosti he will meet with "business leaders and thought leaders." Kremlin spokesperson Dmitri S. Peskov, the Kremlin’s spokesman, told news agency Interfax that government leaders had no plans to meet with Page and that they had never had any contact with him. Russia’s deputy foreign minister, Sergei Ryabkov, said his department had no plans to meet with Page.
Source: New York Times


java.lang.Object Pixel
public class Pixel
Class to represent a pixel (Picture Element).
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
Pixel(Picture picture,
int x,
int y)
Constructs a pixel at a given location in a picture. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
double |
colorDistance(java.awt.Color other)
Gets the distance between this pixel's color and another color. |
int |
getAlpha()
Gets the blue value of this pixel. |
double |
getAverage()
Gets the average of the color values of this pixel. |
int |
getBlue()
Gets the blue value of this pixel. |
Color |
getColor()
Gets the Color value of this pixel. |
int |
getGreen()
Gets the green value of this pixel. |
int |
getRed()
Gets the red value of this pixel. |
int |
getX()
Gets the x location of this pixel. |
int |
getY()
Gets the y location of this pixel. |
void |
setAlpha(double value)
Sets the red value of this pixel. |
void |
setBlue(double value)
Sets the red value of this pixel. |
void |
setColor(java.awt.Color value)
Sets the Color value of this pixel. |
void |
setGreen(double value)
Sets the red value of this pixel. |
void |
setRed(double value)
Sets the red value of this pixel. |
java.lang.String |
toString()
|
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public Pixel(Picture picture, int x, int y)
picture
- the picture containing the pixelx
- the x-coordinate of the pixely
- the y-coordinate of the pixel| Method Detail |
|---|
public double colorDistance(java.awt.Color other)
other
- the other color
public int getAlpha()
public double getAverage()
public int getBlue()
public Color getColor()
public int getGreen()
public int getRed()
public int getX()
public int getY()
public void setAlpha(double value)
value
- the red value (0..255)public void setBlue(double value)
value
- the red value (0..255)public void setColor(java.awt.Color value)
value
- the Color valuepublic void setGreen(double value)
value
- the red value (0..255)public void setRed(double value)
value
- the red value (0..255)public java.lang.String toString()
toString
in class java.lang.Object