If your Jenkins started choking with OutOfMemoryError
, there are four possibilities.
- Your Jenkins is growing in data size, requiring a bigger heap space. In this case you just want to give it a bigger heap.
- Your Jenkins is temporarily processing a large amount of data (like test reports), requring a bigger head room in memory. In this case you just want to give it a bigger heap.
- Your Jenkins is leaking memory, in which case we need to fix that.
- The Operating System kernel is running out of virtual memory.
Which category your OutOfMemoryError
falls into is not always obvious, but here are a few useful techniques to diagnose the problem.
- Use VisualVM, attach to the running instance, and observe the memory usage. Does the memory max out while loading Jenkins? If so, it probably just needs a bigger memory space. Or is it slowing creeping up? If so, maybe it is a memory leak.
- Do you consistently see OOME around the same phase in a build? If so, maybe it just needs a bigger memory.
- In cases where virtual memory is running short the kernel OOM (Out of Memory) killer may forcibly kill Jenkins or individual builds. If this occurs on Linux you may see builds terminate with exit code 137 (128 + signal number for SIGKILL). The dmesg command output will show log messages that will confirm the action that the kernel took.
If you think it's a memory leak, the Jenkins team needs to get the heap dump to be able to fix the problem. There are several ways to go about this.
- Run JVM with
-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
so that JVM will automatically produce a heap dump when it hitsOutOfMemoryError
. - You can run
jmap -dump:live,file=/tmp/jenkins.hprof pid
where pid is the process ID of the target Java process. - Use VisualVM, attach to the running instance, and obtain a heap dump
- If your Jenkins runs at
http:
//server/jenkins/
, requesthttp:
//server/jenkins/heapDump
with your browser and you'll get the heap dump downloaded. (1.395 and newer) - If you are familiar with one of many Java profilers, they normally offer this capability, too.
Once you obtain the heap dump, please post it somewhere, then open an issue (or look for a duplicate issue), and attach a pointer to it. Please be aware that heap dumps may contain confidential information of various sorts.
If the full heap dump is too big, please try to get us the heap histogram (jmap -histo:live pid
).
In the past, the distributed build support has often been a source of leakage (as this involves in a distributed garbage collection.) To check for this possibility, visit links like http:
//yourserver/jenkins/computer/YOURSLAVENAME/dumpExportTable
. If this show too many objects, they may be leaks.
Analyzing the heap dump yourself
If you cannot let us inspect your heap dump, we need to ask you to diagnose the leak.
- First, find the objects with biggest retention size. Often they are various Maps, arrays, or buffers.
- Next, find the path from that object to GC root, so that you can see which Jenkins object owns those big objects.
Report the summary of those findings to the list and we'll take it from there.
Using VisualVM
Unless you already have a preferred memory profiling tool, VisualVM is recommended for analyzing heap dumps. It is a standalone version of the NetBeans profiler, distributed with the Oracle JDK.
Run jvisualvm
and use File » Load and select the heap dump. In the Classes tab, look for a class with a suspiciously large number of instances, if not already identified by jmap -histo
. For example, to debug a Groovy script leak, type GroovyClassLoader
in the filter field and double-click the line with no $
in it (just groovy.lang.GroovyClassLoader
).
In the Instances tab you should now see all instances. Click on some at random. (If there are more than 500, they will be broken into groups of 500, with the first expanded; so to get a representative instance “from the middle”, collapse the first group, expand a group in the middle, and select some instance from that group.)
Under References, right-click this
and select Show Nearest GC Root. Right-click the selected item in the tree and select Copy Path From Root. Paste this text, for several examples, into a text file and attach it to a bug report—or continue your investigation into plugin source code.


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Workers in the United States continue to be among the most productive in the world, yet median wages have barely increased over the past four decades. We’ve been working longer and harder, trying to keep up with the rising costs of living—housing, health care, education—yet we haven’t actually managed to keep up without plastic. In the early 1980s, U.S. household debt as a share of income was around 60%. By the time of the 2008 financial crisis, that share had grown to exceed 100%, and today it’s hovering around 112%. So despite the fact that productivity has gone up, we have relied more and more on credit as a means of subsistence. This, in turn, intricately weaves people into the complex debt system at the heart of modern capitalism. This process essentially ensures that we will be dependent on Wall Street to provide us with a “lifeline” of credit. These “lifelines” of credit don’t really solve our problems, though. Instead, they only make things worse in the long run.
The credit card industry is notorious for its lack of transparency, which makes credit cards some of the most hazardous and confusing financial tools out there. At their core, they embody the deceptive and bottom line–driven processes that are the engine of mafia capitalism. Many credit cards feature a fluctuating interest rate and a multiplicity of complicated and hidden fees.
Like credit card debt, car debt—money borrowed to purchase an automobile—is a form of consumer debt that enmeshes individuals, perhaps unwittingly, in the debt system. For many who live outside the public transportation infrastructure of a major city, owning a car is a necessity, not a luxury. (How else will they get to their job so they can earn money to pay off their auto loan?) But maintaining a car—buying gas, paying for repairs, paying for parking tickets—is an expensive undertaking. Sometimes, these payments are made with a credit card, thus compounding the consumer’s debt and further entangling them into our predatory financial system.
Today in the United States, credit cards and automobiles are inescapable parts of daily life for many people. Throughout this chapter, we analyze the different ways the credit card and auto loan industries profit off people through duplicitous means. In doing so, we explain the history of the credit card industry, in particular what economic and political conditions allowed for the rise and proliferation of credit, and how credit has affected different communities. For both forms of consumer debt, we introduce strategies for practical alternatives, while hoping to open up avenues that allow for other, more creative individual and collective resistance strategies. We also explore the different ways you—the worker and consumer—can fight back to regain some of your economic independence.
Credit Card Debt: The Plastic Safety Net
Although fewer people hold credit cards than before the 2008 financial crisis, most still do. Some 50 million households have credit card debt, with about 75% of individuals having at least one credit card. With nearly 383 million open credit card accounts and 700 million credit cards in circulation, it’s fair to say that having a wallet full of plastic has now become one of the defining features of life in the United States—our plastic safety net. In all, credit card debt in the United States stands at about $670 billion. This means the average U.S. household owes nearly $15,000 in credit card debt, which is actually down from 2010. However, the number of indebted households has increased by 3.5%. Basically, more people are in debt now than a few years ago, even if they have less of it.
History in reverse
When credit cards were first introduced in the 1960s, the credit card industry would make its money on interest rates, but this never amounted to much. Universal credit cards such as Visa and MasterCard were offered then as loyalty rewards only to banks’ “best” customers who paid off their monthly balances—that is, affluent White men. The appeal of the cards was convenience and prestige, not a need for credit. Banks lost money on the product, but the idea was to build loyalty in order to do even bigger business down the road. The banks got something in return as well: the wealthiest, most powerful men served as walking advertisements for the cards every time they used one. In contrast, today, cardholders who never carry balances on their cards are known inside the industry as “deadbeats,” or “money-losers.”
A series of legal changes—effectively eliminating usury laws by
allowing all lenders to register in South Dakota, where no such laws
existed—along with the growth of computer networks that could trace
credit ratings, led to an explosion of credit card use in the 1980s.
Interest rate deregulation helped transform credit cards from banks’
loss leaders into profit engines. As more people acquired credit
cards throughout the ’80s and ’90s, the wealthiest households’
credit cards were subsidized by the least wealthiest households.
This is sometimes called “risk pooling,” although typically pooling
involves those with more subsidizing those with less; here it’s the
reverse. Through the use of so-called “risk-based pricing,” credit
card companies actually charge financially distressed households
more to use their cards. Card companies claim that interest rate
charges are based on “risk,” but there is abundant evidence that the
risk ratings are largely determined by where you live, a practice
known as “redlining.” Redlining was historically used to deny
residents and businesses access to credit in predominantly Black
neighborhoods—without using explicitly racial/ethnic criteria.
However, now high-risk ratings are used to charge more for credit—a
practice often referred to as “reverse redlining”—and this condition
sets up a self-fulfilling prophecy. Being designated financially
“risky” actually further exposes one to unfair and abusive financial
practices. According to Robert D. Manning, founder of the
Responsible Debt Relief Institute and author of
Credit Card Nation, “[a] carefully guarded secret of the
industry is that about a quarter of cardholders have accounted for
almost two-thirds of interest and penalty-fee revenues. Nearly
half of all credit card accounts
do not generate finance and fee revenues.”
As mentioned above, U.S. household debt as a share of income has
risen from 60% to over 100% in the past thirty years. So, despite
all our exertions as workers over this period, the majority of us
have only gone deeper into debt. The prime reason is clear: we’re in
debt because we’re not paid enough in the first place. In the United
States, there’s minimal or non-existent social protection available
to support us as we struggle to provide for our own basic needs and
those of our dependents. Consolidated corporate greed, with its
never-ending appetite for profit above all, continues to trump our
basic rights. In a financial system characterized by a lack of
transparency, credit cards are a complicated and risky product upon
which too many of us depend. Additionally, credit cards feature a
number of complicated, disguised fees; according to Professor Adam
Levitin of Georgetown University Law Center, these “gotcha” fees
cost families in the United States
over $12 billion a year.
Although total national credit card debt is small in comparison with
mortgage debt, effective APRs (annual percentage rates) on credit
cards are at least five times as high as mortgage loans. The moment
consumers get into trouble, card companies pounce, imposing
penalties, even retroactively. These practices are unfair and
abusive. In an attempt to address them, in 2009 Congress passed the
Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure (CARD)
Act, which aimed to “establish fair and transparent practices relating
to the extension of credit.”
Today, there are more than five thousand credit cards issuers; a
majority of these (and the debt they manage) is owned by the big
banks. The top three—Citigroup, Bank of America, and JPMorgan
Chase—control more than 60%
of outstanding credit card debt. From 1993 to 2007, the amount
charged to U.S. credit card carriers went from $475 billion to more
than $1.9 trillion. Late fees have risen an average of 160% and
over-limit fees have risen an average of 115%
over a similar period (1990–2005).
After the crash of 2008, families scrambled to get out of debt. Some were helped by the useful, if limited, regulatory reforms prescribed by the CARD Act. Credit card debt is down by 15% overall as regulations take effect and cardholders wise up to the industry’s old tricks. The problem is that, meanwhile, card companies have been devising new tricks, household expenses have risen, and incomes have either remained stagnant or have fallen. The total amount of credit card debt remains staggeringly high, and card issuers are still free to charge whatever rates of interest they like. (Only nonprofit credit unions are required by Congress to abide by an interest-rate ceiling of 15%.)
In the nine months between the passage and implementation of the CARD Act, credit card issuers did their best to hike interest rates, reduce lines of credit, increase fees, and water down rewards programs. For the millions with poor credit scores and borrowing costs that are through the roof, it may already be too late. Now, as credit scores are widely used as a screening tool for job applicants, workers face even greater challenges in finding employment, much less entering the increasingly mythological U.S. middle class.
The tricks of the trade
From risk-rating to pricing to credit limit determination, credit
industry policies are extremely opaque and seem designed to keep
cardholders in the dark. Analysts at Credit Karma, however, were
able to study a sample of over two hundred thousand credit cards;
the relationship between credit scores, income, and credit limits
indicated that higher credit scores get you higher credit limits,
regardless of income. Low credit scores, no matter your income,
keep credit limits low.
A history of compliance with minimum payments is more important to issuers than current ability to repay. Credit card companies don’t mind late payments if you maintain a balance, as long as you pay your monthly minimum. Remember us “deadbeats”? Since almost all of the issuers’ profits come from late fees and interest rate penalties, they depend on our slip-ups. This is why monthly statements are intentionally designed to be confusing. If they change the design of your statement—say, by moving a box to the left, or making the print a little smaller—in such a way as to cause even one cardholder out of a thousand to misunderstand and miss a payment, that’s millions of dollars in additional profit for the credit card company. In the past, companies would trip up consumers by making the due date fall on a Sunday or a holiday, creating more “deadbeats” from which to profit.
The CARD Act outlawed several of the most predominant predatory lending practices. For instance, in the past, companies needed to provide only fifteen days notice before raising rates or making other changes to your contract, leaving little time to negotiate. Now, companies are required to notify customers forty-five days in advance. However, this notification will most likely be sent by mail, so be sure to read everything your credit card company sends. Since the 1990s, credit card pricing has been a game of “three-card monte,” according to Levitin. “Pricing has been shifted away from the upfront, attention-grabbing price points, like annual fees and base interest rates, and shifted to back-end fees that consumers are likely to ignore or underestimate.” If we are unable to gauge the true cost of financial products, how can we be expected to use them responsibly?
For a credit card company, the perfect customer is one who charges
up a large amount of debt impulsively, sits on it for a year or two
so as to build up maximum high-rate interest charges, finally feels
guilty, and pays it all back without asking any questions. That’s
why companies used to besiege high school and college students with
free card offers: they calculated that students were likely to spend
impulsively, attempt to avoid the problem, and eventually call their
parents to foot the bill. The CARD Act restricts extensions of
credit to those under twenty-one unless they have a cosigner or a
proven means of income. Credit card companies are
no longer allowed to hand out free gifts
at or near colleges or college-sponsored events.
The overwhelming bulk of credit card debt isn’t driven by impulse spending at all, but by the predicaments of people trying to make ends meet. Even when jobless or unemployed, we remain consumers; our basic needs still include education, groceries, housing, doctor’s visits, medicine, and transportation. One survey found that 86% of people who lose their jobs report having to live, to some degree, off of their credit cards until they find new jobs. According to another survey, medical bills are a leading contributor to credit card debt, affecting nearly half of low- to middle-income households; the average amount of medical debt on credit cards is $1,678 per household.
What can we do?
Obviously, no one wants to sit on a huge pile of “revolving” credit card debt accruing interest at usurious rates every month. Unfortunately, credit cards are the double-edged sword of the credit score world. If we have cards with high balances, our scores go down. If we have no credit card, our scores go down. Having low credit scores can keep us from getting the things we need, like an affordable mortgage, apartment, or job. If we don’t buy on credit, then banks will see us as “risky,” and will not loan. On the other hand, if we have a credit card but spend too much, then we will also be denied a loan.
If you can’t avoid having the cards, you can sidestep the traps by understanding the fine print. Card Hub offers free tools to help us understand and navigate credit reports and scores, compare cards, and even provides customized credit card recommendations. Credit Karma is another great option.
Think about how important credit scores are, and how strongly some people are committed to preserving them. Consider the risks. This involves looking into the future, which always makes things more complicated and multiplies the “unknowns.” Start by finding out where you currently stand. Get your free credit report (see Chapter One) and make sure it’s accurate.
Whether you’re drowning in credit card debt or simply have too many cards, the most appropriate tactics for fighting back against the credit card trap will depend on your individual needs and circumstances. Below we suggest a few options, including legal action, bankruptcy, or simply refusing to pay.
Going to court
You may have seen those lawyers who appear on late-night TV promising that they can get us out of debt. Surprisingly, some of them actually can! This is how the honest ones do it.
What most people don’t realize is that, legally, there’s nothing special about owing money. A debt is just a promise and, contractually, no promise is more or less sacrosanct than any other. If one signs with a credit card company, both the signer and the company are agreeing to abide by a contract that is equally binding. The fine print applies to both sides, so if American Express has failed to fulfill any of its contractual obligations—for instance, its obligation to alert us promptly of a change of policy—that’s just as much a violation of contract as our failure to pay the agreed-upon sum. Knowing how this industry works, any skilled lawyer with a copy of the contract and access to all relevant correspondence is likely to discover half a dozen ways the company has violated its contractual obligations. In the eyes of the law, both parties are guilty, so we may have the power to renegotiate the terms of the relationship. This usually means that the judge can knock off half or even three-quarters of the total sum owed.
The credit card industry is riddled with fraud on a scale that is
only now beginning to be revealed. “The same problems that plagued
the foreclosure process—and prompted a multibillion-dollar
settlement with big banks—are now emerging in the debt collection
practices of credit card companies,” the
New York Times reported in 2012. “As they work through a glut
of bad loans, companies like American Express, Citigroup and
Discover Financial are going to court to recoup their money. But
many of the lawsuits rely on erroneous robo-signed [i.e.,
automatically computer generated] documents, incomplete records, and
generic testimony from witnesses, according to judges who oversee
the cases.” Lenders are “churning out lawsuits without regard for
accuracy, and improperly collecting debts from consumers.” One judge
told the paper that he suspected a full
90% of lawsuits
brought by credit card companies were “flawed and can’t prove the
person owes the debt.”
In some cases, banks have sold credit card receivables known to be inaccurate or already paid. In a series of transactions in 2009 and 2010, Bank of America sold credit card receivables to an outfit called CACH, LLC, based in Denver, Colorado. Each month CACH bought debts with a face value of as much as $65 million for 1.8 cents on the dollar. The cut-rate pricing suggests the accounts’ questionable quality, but what is remarkable is that the bank would even try to sell them and that it could make money from them. Over the last two years, Bank of America has charged off $20 billion in delinquent card debt. An undisclosed portion of the delinquent debt gets passed along to collectors. Once sold, rights to such accounts are often resold within the industry multiple times over several years. Other banks have also admitted that their debt sale contracts may be riddled with inaccuracies.
The lesson is, always keep copies of everything. Always keep open the option of legal action (small claims or otherwise), and make sure the credit card companies know that you’re doing so.
What happens if you just don’t pay?
After ninety days of non-payment, your account goes into default and the credit card company has the option of sending it off to a debt collection agency. They don’t really like this option, because they will be taking a huge loss. Debt collection agencies make their money by buying up your debt at pennies on the dollar, often through brokers, and then trying to collect the whole thing, plus fees for the cost of collection. The original lender takes a loss. No doubt they can get some of it back through tax accounting and no doubt they figure a certain percentage of that loss into their business model, but ultimately they would rather this didn’t happen.
Obviously this is a bad thing for us as well; it means we will be hounded by a collection agency and our credit scores will take a major hit. If we want to borrow in the future, it might not be possible. If we are able to borrow, we will be charged much higher interest rates. If that isn’t a concern, then go ahead, default: it’s free money! But for most of us, it is a problem, so we must turn to other measures.
Negotiating with the credit card company
Since credit card companies don’t want us to default, we can often negotiate. They may offer a substantial reduction on what we owe them if they think defaulting is our only other option. Remember: even if we offer them ten cents on the dollar, that’s more than they would be getting if they sold it to a collection agency. On the other hand, they may not want to set a precedent—they know that if everyone just held out and negotiated a 90% reduction, their business would be ruined. So they are being pulled in two different directions. This is important to bear in mind when negotiating. If you’re seriously thinking about negotiating, see carreonandassociates.com for the exact sequence of procedures for how to do it.
Default versus bankruptcy
When you fail to make payments on your credit card, it falls into default. When this happens, your credit card company usually “closes” the card, meaning that no further charges will be allowed on the account. But that doesn’t mean that the balance goes away—far from it. Interest and late fees will continue to accrue until you pay the balance. If you don’t, the credit card company will most likely hire a collection agency to hound you for the money.
Declaring bankruptcy is an alternative to going into default. When you declare bankruptcy, credit card debts may be wiped out or lessened. However, it is a complex process that can backfire in many cases. In addition, bankruptcy will affect your credit rating for the next seven to ten years. If you are thinking of declaring bankruptcy, refer to Chapter Ten of this manual. The statute of limitations on defaults—the amount of time creditors or collectors have after you default to try to get it back legally—differs from state to state, from as little as three years to as many as ten. But after it’s over, you’re entirely off the hook and it’s easy to wipe the default off your record. Which option to choose will vary according to your individual circumstances. Try to get all information about the different possibilities in your state of residence before you decide.
What about those people who use one credit card to pay interest on another?
There definitely are people who have figured out the ropes―the way that one’s credit score interacts with multiple credit card accounts, and so forth―so well that they can live off their credit cards for years before defaulting. It can be done. The major proviso is that making a living this way is not all that much easier than making a living in a more conventional way, and it has the disadvantage of being extremely risky and time-consuming.  Consider that for some, going “off the financial grid” is an easier way to live (see Chapter Eleven).
Resisting the credit card industry
Unlike student debt, a movement against credit card debt has yet to form. Launching such a movement is one of the aims of this manual and of Strike Debt. In the meantime, here are some examples of individual resistance actions that some people have taken. They tend toward the playful and absurd. As always, beware of the risks before you engage in such behavior.
Dimitry Agarkov, a forty-two-year-old from Russia, managed to
mischievously turn the tables on the credit card industry, and has
inspired others to do the same. Agarkov, discontented with
unsolicited credit card offers from his country’s leading online
bank, Tinkoff Credit Systems, scanned, amended, and returned the
contracts. In their rush to capitalize on the contracts, the bank
signed off on them without reading them. Two years later, due to
overdue payments on a balance of $575 in rubles, Agarkov’s card was
terminated. Agarkov later decided to
sue Tinkoff Credit Systems
for violation of contract, and was awarded $727,000 in rubles.
Until we can organize and mount genuine collective resistance against credit card debt, registering your displeasure through symbolic gestures might help let off some steam. One such gesture is to gather with friends to stuff credit card companies’ own prepaid envelopes that they’ve sent to you along with their offers. Stuff each envelope with wooden shims or roofing shingles to increase the postage costs and send them back to the company at their own expense. This is an example of an action that transforms debtors from passive victims to active rejecters of financialization tools. Also, as the proceeds of this action go to the U.S. Postal Service, we can help slow down this country’s fast track toward mail-delivery privatization.
Car Debt: Going Nowhere Fast
Debt incurred as a result of car ownership, upkeep, and repair represents the single most onerous form of consumer debt, according to a recent Consumer Federation of America complaint survey. And at roughly $783 billion, auto loan debt is the third largest source of consumer debt after mortgages and student loans. Those who suffer most from automobile debt are those who depend on cars most—working people. It’s not unusual for a person to take out a loan to buy a car in order to commute to work, only to discover that monthly loan payments, replacement parts, garage payments, and gas quickly eat into one’s take-home pay:
Even with a generous allowance for housing, Navy Electronics Technician Riley Butler cannot feed his family of three without assistance from a local non-profit in his home city of San Diego, California. Butler’s monthly take-home pay is $1,800, and because he receives a housing stipend, car costs are his biggest expense at $450 each month, followed by groceries at $300.
Cars are the most common non-financial asset held by families in the country, and as an asset they are a natural candidate for creating secured debt. This means that unlike credit card agreements, which have no collateral, if you don’t repay the auto loan, the car—as the underlying asset securing the loan—can be repossessed and sold by the creditor to cover its losses. Given how dependent many of us are on cars, repossession can be devastating. Costs associated with cars can also add to credit card debt, so if you are not well-to-do, sliding further into debt is nearly impossible to avoid.
Monthly payments for cars tend to last for more than four years. As reported by Experian, the average new car payment is $452 per month, and used car loans cost about $351 per month. In 2011, the average total annual cost of a four-door car was almost $9,000 ($750 per month), according to the American Automobile Association.
Cars—new or used—don’t make sense as investments because they lose their value quickly after being purchased. If you buy a new car, this dramatic net loss occurs literally as you drive away from the seller’s lot. Even if you lease, by the time you finish paying it off, you have most likely paid more for your car than its original cost—you are “upside down” on your loan.  Bottom line: if you need to finance a car through debt—a necessity for many—it can easily lead to a net loss in your wealth. But it doesn’t have to be that way.
Framing alternatives: Transportation infrastructure as commons
One of the root causes of the scourge of car debt is the absence of
affordable and reliable public transit. This lack of reliable
transportation options tends to fall upon poor households and
households of color the hardest. The troubles that come with
insufficient access to safe and clean transportation for work or
schooling in struggling communities are further compounded by
advanced age, disability, illness, and whether one has dependents to
transport. Although many see the purchase of an automobile as a
ticket to prosperity and happiness, creating more car owners is not
a solution to our collective transportation woes. Rather, the
solution is to create infrastructure and practices around
transportation that make transportation a collective good, rather
than a private asset that must be financed by debt. Doing so will
not only hopefully reduce the effects of car debt but also of
climate change,
staggering public health costs, the destruction of our precious wild areas for fossil fuel
extraction and burning,
resource wars in the Middle East, and our
rapid military expansion
all over the world to feed our dependence on oil. And of course, car
accidents are responsible for well over
thirty thousand deaths a year
in the United States.
One thing we can do is to demand at the local, state, regional, and national levels transportation infrastructure and policies that are not centered on private automobiles, such as walking, biking, moped and scooter use, and transit such as trains (from local light rail to high-speed regional and transcontinental services), buses, and trolleys. One such example at the local level is families organizing non-car transportation arrangements for their children to get to school through the nationally funded program Safe Routes to Schools.
While agitating for policy changes that bring multiple and safe transport options to our communities, we also must find ways now to envision—then to act upon—our needs to deliver ourselves from car debt. One example is the Build a Better Block project, a model that interested members of your community can follow to create walkable, safe blocks in your neighborhood. There are countless creative ways to bring attention to problems with our current transportation culture, including interventions in public spaces (see my.parkingday.org and visiblecity.ca).
Resources
Websites
Credit cards
Cars and alternatives
Articles and Books
Credit cards
- Kimberly Amadeo, “Consumer Debt Statistics: Consumer Debt’s Role in the U.S. Economy,” About.com, July 19, 2012.
- “Landmines in the Credit Card Landscape: Hazards for Latino Families,” National Council of La Raza, February 20, 2009.
- Robert D. Manning, Credit Card Nation: The Consequences of America’s Addiction to Credit (New York: Basic Books, 2001).
References
- American Automobile Association. “Your Driving Costs: 2012 Edition.” April 2012.
- American Public Health Association. “The Hidden Health Costs of Transportation.” February 2010.
- Carrns, Ann. “Medical Costs Contribute to Credit Card Debt.” New York Times, May 22, 2012.
- Chen, Tim. “Bad News: Credit Card Debt Is Down.” Forbes, May 30, 2012.
- Center for Responsible Lending. “Auto Financing: Practices to Avoid in Your Next Auto Loan.” Accessed September 30, 2013.
- Consumer Federation of America and North American Consumer Protection Investigators. “2011 Consumer Complaint Survey Report.” July 31, 2012.
- Credit Karma. “Credit Card Debt Decreases 15 Percent Nationally.” March 10, 2011.
- Credit Karma. “How a Credit Card Limit Is Determined.” September 23, 2008.
- Dennis, Alicia. “Proud, Patriotic—and Hungry.” People, December 24, 2012.
- Federal Reserve Bank of New York. “Quarterly Report on Household Debt and Credit.” August 2013.
- Horwitz, Jeff. “Bank of America Sold Card Debts to Collectors Despite Faulty Records.” American Banker, March 29, 2012.
- Kennon, Joshua. “The Opportunity Cost of the Car You Drive Is One of the Biggest Financial Decisions You’ll Ever Make.” JoshuaKennon.com, April 20, 2012.
- Lane, Finn. “How to Escape an Upside Down Car Loan.” The Digerati Life, October 22, 2012.
- LeBeau, Philip. “New Car Buyers Stretching Out Payments.” CNBC.com, September 24, 2012.
- Levitin, Adam J. “Enhanced Consumer Financial Protection after the Financial Crisis.” Testimony before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Washington, DC, July 19, 2011.
- Levitin, Adam J. “Modernizing Consumer Protection in the Financial Regulatory System: Strengthening Credit Card Protections.” Testimony before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Washington, DC, February 12, 2009.
- Manning, Robert D. “Five Myths about America’s Credit Card Debt.” Washington Post, January 31, 2010.
- Mansur, Chris. “Oil, Guns, and Military Bases: The U.S. in Africa.” Geopolitical Monitor, November 19, 2012.
- Martin, Ray. “Should You Ditch Your Credit Cards?” CBS News.com, June 22, 2012.
- McFadden, Leslie. “8 Major Benefits of New Credit Card Law.” Bankrate, August 20, 2009.
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. “Traffic Safety Facts: 2010 Data.” U.S. Department of Transportation, June 2012.
- Peter G. Peterson Foundation. “Despite Recent Declines, U.S. Household Debt Is Still Very High Relative to Disposable Income.” February 1, 2013.
- Prater, Connie. “What the Credit Card Reform Law Means to You.” Creditcards.com, June 13, 2012.
- RT. “700k Windfall: Russian Man Outwits Bank with Handwritten Credit Contract.” August 8, 2013.
- Silver-Greenberg, Jessica. “Problems Riddle Moves to Collect Credit Card Debt.” New York Times, August 12, 2012.
- Stark, Lisa. “Your Debt May Raise Your Credit Card Rates.” ABCNews.com, June 2, 2009.
- Unger, Nadine, Tami C. Bond, James S. Wang, Dorothy M. Koch, Surabi Menon, Drew T. Shindell, and Susanne Bauer. “Attribution of Climate Forcing to Economic Sectors.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, no. 8 (2010): 3382–87.
- U.S. Congress. “H.R. 627—111th Congress: Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009.” 111th Congress, 2009.
- U.S. Government Accountability Office. Credit Cards: Increased Complexity in Rates and Fees Heightens Need for More Effective Disclosures to Consumers. Washington, DC: GPO, 2006.
- Weyler, Rex. “Oil Wars.” Greenpeace International, October 19, 2012.


Careers that have similar skills
Border Force officer
Border Force officers protect UK border entry points like ports and airports, by enforcing immigration and customs regulations.
Salary: £33,800 to £39,000
Criminal intelligence analyst
Criminal intelligence analysts use data to detect and prevent crime and protect UK security.
Salary: £32,240 to £35,880
Firefighter
Firefighters help to protect people from fire and other dangers, and give advice on fire prevention.
Salary: £22,500 to £42,000


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- Pete wants to take an appointment with a doctor who is nearby and has good ratings
- The scheduling software agent needs to communicate with the following and suggest the best possible plan
- Pete's calendar
- List of doctors/healthcare providers and their addresses
- Distance between his home and the doctor's address
- Healthcare provider should be covered by Pete's insurance
The Semantic Web. Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora Lassila. Scientific American. May 2001.


--- layout: post title: "Kleisli composition" description: "A way to compose two monadic functions. An article for object-oriented programmers." date: 2022-04-04 6:08 UTC tags: [Software Design, Functional Programming] --- {% include JB/setup %}
{{ page.description }}
This article is an instalment in an article series about monads.
There's a bit of groundwork which will be useful before we get to the monad laws. There are two ways to present the monad laws. One is quite unintuitive, but uses only the concepts already discussed in the introductory article. The other way to present the laws is much more intuitive, but builds on a derived concept: Kleisli composition.
I find it preferable to take the intuitive route, even if it requires this little detour around the Kleisli category.
Imagine some monad - any monad. It could be Maybe (AKA Option), Either (AKA Result), Task, State, etcetera. In Haskell notation we denote it m
. (Don't worry if you don't know Haskell. The type notation is fairly intuitive, and I'll explain enough of it along the way.)
You may have a function that takes some input and returns a monadic value. Perhaps it's a parser that takes a string as input and returns a Maybe or Either as output:
String -> Maybe Int
Perhaps it's a database query that takes an ID as input and returns a Task or IO value:
UUID -> IO Reservation
Notice that in Haskell, you write the input to the left of the output. (This is also the case in F#.) Functions looks like arrows that point from the input to the output, which is a common depiction that I've also used before.
If we generalise this notation, we would write a monadic function like this:
a -> m b
a
is a generic type that denotes input. It could be String
or UUID
as shown above, or anything else. Likewise, b
is another generic type that could be Int
, Reservation
, or anything else. And m
, as already explained, may be any monad. The corresponding C# method signature would be:
Func<T, Monad<T1>>
In C#, it's idiomatic to name generic type arguments T
and T1
rather than a
and b
, but the idea is the same.
The previous article used Functor<T>
as a stand-in for any functor.  It symbolises 'any monad'.
In Functions as pipes you got a visual illustration of how functions compose. If you have a function that returns a Boolean value, you can use that Boolean value as input to a function that accepts Boolean values as input. Generalised, if one function returns a
and another function accepts a
as input, you can compose these two functions:
(a -> b) -> (b -> c) -> (a -> c)
A combinator of this type takes two functions as input: a -> b
(a function from a
to b
) and (b -> c)
, and returns a new function that 'hides' the middle step: a -> c
.
If this is possible, it seems intuitive that you can also compose monadic functions:
(>=>) :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> (b -> m c) -> a -> m c
The >=> operator is known as the fish operator - or more precisely the right fish operator, since there's also a left fish operator <=<.
This is known as Kleisli composition. In C# you could write it like this:
public static Func<T, Monad<T2>> Compose<T, T1, T2>( this Func<T, Monad<T1>> action1, Func<T1, Monad<T2>> action2) { return x => action1(x).SelectMany(action2); }
Notice that Kleisli composition works for any monad. You don't need any new abilities in order to compose a monad in this way. The composition exclusively relies on SelectMany
(monadic bind).
Here's a usage example:
Func<string, Monad<int>> f = s => Monad.Return(s.Length); Func<int, Monad<bool>> g = i => Monad.Return(i % 2 == 0); Func<string, Monad<bool>> composed = f.Compose(g);
The Compose
method corresponds to the right fish operator, but obviously you could define an overload that flips the arguments. That would correspond to the left fish operator.
Kleisli composition seems compelling, but in reality I find that I rarely use it. If it isn't that useful, then why dedicate an entire article to it?
As I wrote in the introduction, it's mostly because it gives us an intuitive way to describe the monad laws.
Kleisli arrows form a category. As such, it's a universal abstraction. I admit that this article series has strayed away from its initial vision of discussing category theory, but I still find it assuring when I encounter some bedrock of theory behind a programming concept.
Kleisli composition lets you compose two (or more) compatible monadic functions into a single monadic function.
Next: Monad laws.


Provides estimation and analysis functions for strategic statistical models.
| Version: | 1.1.2 |
| Depends: | maxLik (≥ 0.7-0), Formula (≥ 0.2-0), MASS |
| Imports: | stringr |
| Suggests: | testthat |
| Published: | 2015-02-23 |
| Author: | Curtis S. Signorino [aut], Brenton Kenkel [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | Brenton Kenkel <brenton.kenkel at gmail.com> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Citation: | games citation info |
| CRAN checks: | games results |
| Reference manual: | games.pdf |
| Package source: | games_1.1.2.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: games_1.1.2.zip, r-release: games_1.1.2.zip, r-oldrel: games_1.1.2.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: games_1.1.2.tgz, r-oldrel: games_1.1.2.tgz |
| Old sources: | games archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=games to link to this page.


Quiet, introverted, imaginative, open-minded, caring and creative people. I would say that is absolutely me.
Idealistic
Seeks Harmony
Open-minded
Creative
Passionate
Energectic
Dedicated and Hardworking
Too Idealistic
Altruistic
Impractical
Dislikes dealing with data
Takes things too personally
Difficult to know
I do agree that some of these are me but some also aren’t.
I am Maori and living and growing up in New Zealand has taught me a lot about culture and identity.
This has helped me form my own values and somethings I consider very important are family, honesty, kindness, and fairness.
Kindness can make a world of difference to just one person and I personally believe that its important to be kind whenever possible.
My strengths and limitations in my learning journey: I love to learn new things but if I don’t understand it, I have a hard time gaining that motivation and drive to go back and re-learn it. I can get stressed and give up quite easily so I am trying to build resistance and start a ‘not-yet’ attitude towards my learning. Once I do learn something though, I love to help and teach others who are struggling so that I can be a resource that they can depend on. When I am focused, I love the energy of learning new skills that I can adapt to other parts of my life.
One of my strengths that I am learning to develop is the ‘not-yet’ mindset and I think that that can help towards any obstacles that I may encounter both in this journey and in other parts of my life. Just knowing that I need to give myself time in order to know what I need and to not compare myself to others. I have worked with groups of others before who were all expecting different things out of a project so I think honesty and keeping clear about the expectations of the outcomes of said project is super important. Open communication is necessary for success.


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{% load static %}
Adriatic Construction
HOME
Who we are
What we do
Our Work
Mark Terrace
by Adriatic Construction
About
{% load static %}
Exterior at Dusk
Exterior
Front Porch
Kitchen
Hearth Room
Library
Kids Reading Room
Guest Room
Kids Room


{% extends "lifeflow/editor/base.html" %} {% block body %}
its a start, but is still rendering the old stuff, I think its because the text() function isn't what we want, although I'm having issues getting innerHTML to work...


For additional information see: http://nanoxml.sourceforge.net/orig//
The NanoXML 2 Lite library has been included into the Quaqua Look and Feel, to be able to parse XML encoded preferences files of the Mac OS X Finder.
Since the Quaqua Look and Feel has to be Java 1.3 compliant, we can not use one of the XML extensions, which are part of Java 1.4 and more recent Java API's.
We have chosen to use NanoXML Lite over SAX or DOM, because we don't need many features of XML, and because we do not want to add a library to the Quaqua Look and Feel, which exceeds the size of Quaqua itself.


wrust.org is a work-in-progress. The goal will be to collect information and resources for
using
Rust as much as possible for web applications, such as web servers, web application frameworks, static site
generators, web assembly, and more. Contact us at @wrustorg.


Description
The Direct Manipulation Sample 4 demonstrates dragging container objects across applications running in separate processes (ie. separate executables). By starting the sample application twice, you can drag and drop objects to these separately running applications. Classed used include IDMCnrItem, IDMSourceOperation, IDMTargetOperation, IDMTargetDropEvent, IDMItemProviderFor, IDMHandler, IContainerControl, and IContainerObject.
Concept
Sample program demonstrates direct manipulation between two container controls in separate processes.
Task
Start the application 2 times. From either container, select a container object and drag to the other container. You can drag parent and child container objects. You can also drag multiple container objects.
How To Run the Project from within the IDE
Run the Drag4 application twice from the IDE. The two applications must run simultaneously.
Supported
Supported
Supported


The earliest space food was extremely light and compact. But it wasn’t very appetizing.
Food cubes and tubes
Early astronauts munched bite-sized food cubes and squeezed purees into their mouths from toothpaste-type tubes.
Where no shrimp has gone before
Space food has improved over the years. A current mission favorite is shrimp cocktail.
Impressive shelf life
Space food is made to last. It needs to stay safe and healthy on months-long missions.
Prepping for space
We often freeze-dry veggies destined for space. Without any moisture, bacteria won’t grow on these vegetables.
The taste test
Astronauts taste-test food before missions. There are plenty of options to choose from, so it isn’t necessary for every astronaut to like every food.
A team effort
Food scientists develop space foods, nutritional biochemists determine nutritional requirements, and dieticians handle mission menu planning.
Plan ahead, stay fed
You can’t easily pack all the food you’d need for a mission that’d last several years. How can astronauts help keep their cupboards full?
Gardens in space
Scientists are experimenting with growing food crops on the International Space Station. An on-board garden could help feed astronauts on long missions.
Printing food?
Astronauts on future missions might “print” a wide range of foods. With nutritive powders and oils for “ink,” 3D printers could create anything from veggie burgers to chocolate bars.
Red planet greens
If humans one day colonize other planets, such as Mars, we could grow our food in greenhouses.


{% extends 'chapterBase.html' %} {% block title %} Education {% endblock %} {% block links %} {% load static %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
(Click on any of the above options for more information on the subject)
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Bibendum est ultricies integer quis auctor elit. Nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum arcu. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Bibendum est ultricies integer quis auctor elit. Nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum arcu. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Bibendum est ultricies integer quis auctor elit. Nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum arcu.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Bibendum est ultricies integer quis auctor elit. Nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum arcu. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Bibendum est ultriciesinteger quis auctor elit. Nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum arcu. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscingelit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Bibendum est ultricies integer quis auctor elit.Nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum arcu.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Bibendum est ultricies integer quis auctor elit. Nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum arcu. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Bibendum est ultriciesinteger quis auctor elit. Nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum arcu. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscingelit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Bibendum est ultricies integer quis auctor elit.Nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum arcu.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Bibendum est ultricies integer quis auctor elit. Nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum arcu. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Bibendum est ultriciesinteger quis auctor elit. Nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum arcu. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscingelit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Bibendum est ultricies integer quis auctor elit.Nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum arcu.
BCTC is a career and technology program, participating students spend half of their day at school, and the other half at the BCTC. Students will be placed into either the AM or PM schedule, AM students go to BCTC in the morning and have normal classes in the afternoon, while PM students do the opposite. Courses at BCTC focus on learning through hands-on experience rather than learning through theory. A wide range of courses are available including, but not limited to: civil protection, programming, robotics, media production, and metalworking. More information about a few of the courses are below. BCTC also provides occupational opportunities to students who show exceptional talent in the form of internships and apprenticeship, in some cases this can lead to real employment opportunities. Overall, BCTC is a way of learning that allows students to get hands-on experience before entering the workforce.
IT-Programming is a course that focuses on fields related to software development. Students use various programming languages such as Visual Basic, C++, and Java to develop applications that could be used in the real world. By doing this, they gain insight into many different concepts, and develop an understanding of how to write applications for real-world use. In addition, students learn how to use various applications that are part of the Microsoft Office Suite such as Word and Excel. By combining these skills with other concepts taught in the course, students learn how to succeed in the software development world.
Video & Media Content Production focuses on the skills required to work in fields related to media production. Students learn the full lifecycle of video production, from initial filming to airing. They master various programs such as Adobe After Effects and Adobe Premiere in order to produce high quality video content. After completing the core curriculum, students have a choice of specializing in either video production or photography. On top of this they get the chance to assist on and create various promotional videos for BCTC, and manage the morning announcements.
Culinary arts focuses on the preparation, and presentation of various dishes. Students enrolled in this school of study learn various culinary concepts for use in the real world. They’ll gain the chance to work at the student-run restaurant at BCTC, giving them direct experience with cooking, waiting tables, and customer service. Graduate students are able to directly enter the food industry at an entry level job using connections made at BCTC.
In advanced Tech and Engineering, the big project completed by students will be the Coin Sorter project. The coin sorter project consists of designing, prototyping, and making an automated coin counter/sorter. Students are assigned into one of two groups, rail and wheel, the rail group will make a coin sorter using a rail solution, and the wheel group does the same but with a wheel solution. Each group is then divided into subgroups that will focus on one of the following three things, sorting, counting, and storage.
Advanced Tech and Engineering is an advanced variety engineering course. Projects done in this class feature the use of Solidworks and 3D printing. In one project students design and build a coin machine, and in another they design a robotic arm designed to aid in assembly lines. The course also includes other projects that utilize electronics and programming, microcontrollers, robotics, product design and development, and modular construction.
Technical Drawing and Design is focused around teaching students how to accurately draft and design technical components. In the course students start out hand-drawing various parts, and then move on to drafting in applications such as Solidworks and Chief Architect.
Photographic Imaging is an introductory photography course. This course focuses on the taking and editing of photographs using a plethora of techniques. Students will use the Adobe Creative Cloud resources provided by the school in order to do photographic editing.


Class ExceptionResources
A strongly-typed resource class, for looking up localized strings, etc.
Inherited Members
Namespace:Rezolver
Assembly:Rezolver.dll
Syntax
public class ExceptionResources
Properties
| Improve this Doc View Source_MOVETOSHAREDPROJECT
Looks up a localized string similar to REMINDER TO MOVE THIS TO THE SHARED PROJECT AND MARK AS INTERNAL WHEN YOU FINALY CAN.
Declaration
public static string _MOVETOSHAREDPROJECT { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
Culture
Overrides the current thread's CurrentUICulture property for all resource lookups using this strongly typed resource class.
Declaration
public static CultureInfo Culture { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| CultureInfo |
CyclicDependencyDetectedInTargetFormat
Looks up a localized string similar to Cyclic dependency detected in targets - current target of type {0} with DeclaredType of {1} has tried to include itself in its expression..
Declaration
public static string CyclicDependencyDetectedInTargetFormat { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
DeclaredTypeIsNotCompatible_Format
Looks up a localized string similar to The declared type {0} is not compatible with the type {1}.
Declaration
public static string DeclaredTypeIsNotCompatible_Format { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
LambdaBodyIsNotNewExpressionFormat
Looks up a localized string similar to The body of the lambda "{0}" is not a NewExpression.
Declaration
public static string LambdaBodyIsNotNewExpressionFormat { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
LambdaBodyNewExpressionIsWrongTypeFormat
Looks up a localized string similar to The expression {0} does not represent calling a constructor of the type {1}.
Declaration
public static string LambdaBodyNewExpressionIsWrongTypeFormat { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
MoreThanOneBestConstructorFormat
Looks up a localized string similar to More than one constructor for {0} found that could be bound from the current context.
Possible candidates: {1}.
Declaration
public static string MoreThanOneBestConstructorFormat { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
MoreThanOneConstructorFormat
Looks up a localized string similar to More than one constructor for {0} qualifies as a target for Auto construction.
Declaration
public static string MoreThanOneConstructorFormat { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
MoreThanOneObjectFoundInScope
Looks up a localized string similar to More than one matching object was found in the scope.
Declaration
public static string MoreThanOneObjectFoundInScope { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
NoApplicableConstructorForContextFormat
Looks up a localized string similar to No constructor found on the type {0} which can be satisfied by the CompileContext.
Declaration
public static string NoApplicableConstructorForContextFormat { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
NoConstructorSetOnNewExpression
Looks up a localized string similar to No constructor has been set on the NewExpression - this is not allowed..
Declaration
public static string NoConstructorSetOnNewExpression { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
NoDefaultOrAllOptionalConstructorFormat
Looks up a localized string similar to The type {0} has no default constructor, nor any constructors where all the parameters are optional..
Declaration
public static string NoDefaultOrAllOptionalConstructorFormat { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
NoPublicConstructorsDefinedFormat
Looks up a localized string similar to No public constructors declared on the type {0}.
Declaration
public static string NoPublicConstructorsDefinedFormat { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
NotRuntimeMethod
Looks up a localized string similar to This method is not to be called at run-time - it is only used for static expression analysis in creating IRezolveTargets for an IRezolveBuilder.
Declaration
public static string NotRuntimeMethod { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
PathIsAtEnd
Looks up a localized string similar to path's Next must not be null - pass path as null once it's reached the last item.
Declaration
public static string PathIsAtEnd { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
PathIsInvalid
Looks up a localized string similar to The path {0} is invalid. All path steps must contain non-whitespace characters and be at least one character in length.
Declaration
public static string PathIsInvalid { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
ResourceManager
Returns the cached ResourceManager instance used by this class.
Declaration
public static ResourceManager ResourceManager { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ResourceManager |
RezolverTargetEntryHasBeenRealised
Looks up a localized string similar to No more targets can be added to this entry.
Declaration
public static string RezolverTargetEntryHasBeenRealised { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
ScopedSingletonRequiresAScope
Looks up a localized string similar to A lifetime scope is required for a scoped singleton.
Declaration
public static string ScopedSingletonRequiresAScope { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
TargetDoesntSupportType_Format
Looks up a localized string similar to The target does not support the type {0}.
Declaration
public static string TargetDoesntSupportType_Format { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
TargetIsNullButTypeIsNotNullable_Format
Looks up a localized string similar to The type {0} is not a nullable type.
Declaration
public static string TargetIsNullButTypeIsNotNullable_Format { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
TargetReturnedNullExpressionFormat
Looks up a localized string similar to Target of type {0} returned a null expression for context {1} - implementation is invalid, targets must never return a null expression..
Declaration
public static string TargetReturnedNullExpressionFormat { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
TypeIsAlreadyRegistered
Looks up a localized string similar to The type {0} has already been registered.
Declaration
public static string TypeIsAlreadyRegistered { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |
UnableToResolveTypeFromBuilderFormat
Looks up a localized string similar to Unable to resolve type {0} from builder.
Declaration
public static string UnableToResolveTypeFromBuilderFormat { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| String |


class msiempy.core.types.NitroList(collections.UserList, NitroObject): (source)
Known subclasses: msiempy.core.query.FilteredQueryList, msiempy.DevTree, msiempy.WatchlistManager
Base class for list objects.
It offers search and other data list actions.
This classe and subclasses fully implements list
interface and is suitable for list operations, see: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#sequence-types-list-tuple-range
Concrete classes have to cast the list items in their __init__
method !
Subclassing requirements: Subclasses of UserList are expected to offer a constructor which can be called with either no arguments or one argument. List operations which return a new sequence attempt to create an instance of the actual implementation class. To do so, it assumes that the constructor can be called with a single parameter, which is a sequence object used as a data source. If a derived class does not wish to comply with this requirement, all of the special methods supported by this class will need to be overridden; please consult the sources for information about the methods which need to be provided in that case. See: https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/collections.html?highlight=userdict#userlist-objects
| Instance Variable | data | Underlying list object |
| Method | __init__ | Create a new list |
| Method | __str__ | str(obj) -> return text string. |
| Method | keys | List items keys. Every items should have the same set of keys. |
| Method | get_text | Return a csv or table string representation of the list |
| Method | text | Defaut table string, a shorcut to get_text() with no arguments. |
| Method | json | JSON list of dicts representing the list. |
| Method | search | Search elements in the list with a regex pattern |
| Method | refresh | Execute refresh function on all items. |
| Method | perform | Wrapper to execute a function on the list of elements |
| Static Method | _confirm_func | Ask user inut to confirm the calling of func on elements . |
Inherited from NitroObject:
| Class | NitroJSONEncoder | Custom JSON encoder that will use the approprtiate propertie depending of the type of NitroObject. TODO support json json dumping of QueryFilers, may be by making them inherits from NitroDict. |
| Instance Variable | nitro | msiempy.core.session.NitroSession object. Interface to the SIEM. |
list
objectCreate a new list
alist
: list object to wrap.Return a csv or table string representation of the list
fields
(lis[str]
): list of fields you want in the table. If None
: default fields are returned by .keys attribute and sorted.max_column_width
(int
): when using prettytable onlyget_text_nest_attr
(dict
): attributes passed to the nested msiempy.core.types.NitroList.get_text
elements if any. Useful to control events appearence.get_text()
with no arguments.Search elements in the list with a regex pattern
term
(str
): String regex pattern to look for in the list items values. More on regex https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#re.Pattern.searchinvert
(bool
): Weither or not to invert the search and return elements that doesn't not match search.fields
(list[str]
): Dictionnary fields to consider in the search, all keys are considered by default. Patterns are compared to str
representation of values.If you wish to apply non-regex filters to, use filter()
or list comprehension:
[e for e in events if int(e['severity']) > 50]
Exemple:
>>> from msiempy import WatchlistManager >>> wl_list = WatchlistManager() >>> wl_ip_list = wl_list.search("IPAddress", fields=["type"]) >>> print(len(wl_ip_list)) 2 # There is two "IPAddress" watchlists
Wrapper to execute a function on the list of elements
func
(callable
): Function. func
is going to be called like func(item, **func_args)
on all items in data.data
(list
): Choose a custom list to execute the function on (Default value = list(self)
)func_args
(dict
): arguments that will be passed by default to func
in all calls.confirm
(bool
): will ask interactively confirmation.asynch
(bool
): execute the task asynchronously with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor
. Carefull not to nest 2 asynchronous executions within eachother, it will be a mess.workers
(int
): number of parrallel tasks, mandatory if asynch is true.progress
(bool
): to show progress bar with ETA (tqdm
).message
(str
): To show to the user.This method is where the core of asynchronous tasks resides. func
will be executed on all data
elements.
Basically, if asynch==True
, will return:
returned=list(concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor( max_workers=workers ).map( func, data))
if asynch==False
, will iterate and return:
for index_or_item in data: returned.append(func(index_or_item))
list
of returned results.func
on elements
.


Hi, I’m Michael.
Welcome to Harrier.
Harrier is the home to my Design and Development work. I have worked as a Designer and Front-end Developer in for 8+ years. In that time I’ve worked with many great people and companies, I’ve worked in-house at a Studio, at a Publishing Company and Freelanced.
I am from Fife in Scotland but have lived in Colorado for almost 10 years.  Eating good food and trying to only take out what I put in.


Decision on sending Bangladeshis to Malaysia after Nov 25, minister says
by bdnews24.comMalaysia will reopen its labour market for Bangladeshi workers shortly, Imran Ahmed hopes.
The expatriates’ welfare and overseas employment minister is also hopeful that the decision to resume sending Bangladeshi workers to Malaysia will be taken after meetings of a joint working group scheduled for Nov 24 and 25 in Dhaka.
Imran was briefing reporters in the capital on Tuesday about his recent visit to Malaysia.
In 2016, the two countries signed a memorandum of understanding in which Malaysia agreed to recruit workers from Bangladesh in five different sectors under the “government-to-government plus” scheme.
Ten Bangladeshi recruitment agencies were permitted to send workers to Malaysia under the five-year contract.
But the Malaysian government stopped issuing visas to Bangladeshi workers in 2018 after allegations surfaced that the workers were paying Bangladeshi agents 10 times more the money fixed in the MoU for work permit and plane tickets.
On Nov 6, Imran travelled to Kuala Lumpur as part of the government’s efforts to have the Malaysian labour market reopened for Bangladeshi workers.
During the visit, he took part in a discussion with Malaysian Human Resource Minister M Kulasegaran.
Imran also called on Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and sought his assistance for reopening their labour market for Bangladesh.
“During the meeting, the Malaysian government agreed to reopen the country’s labour market for Bangladeshis at the earliest time possible,” said the minister.
In the meeting, the two ministers also discussed recruitment of Bangladeshi labourers by Malaysia at the minimum migration cost, the extent of involvement of recruiting agencies in both countries, medical tests, social and economic security of the migrants and sharing of data.


We built this website for The Art of Espresso, a coffee cart on the UCSD campus sitting cozily between Muir College and Library Walk. We emphasized the aesthetic of AOE by emulating the cozy, "sticky spot" feeling in our site, using a combination of earthly and coffee tones. Additionally, after analysis of our user base, we began development mobile first. Consistency was emphasized between mobile and desktop. This website was built for COGS187B, Practicum in Professional Field Design, and will ultimately be used at the Art of Espresso's website


Cerificate of
Completion
Awarded to
ANNA MARIA
Certificate presented on successfully completing
Advanced Tattoo Tutorials
Traviss Cott
Designation goes here
LILA


{% extends '_layouts/layout_2-3.html' %} {% block page_title %}Connect to NHS Wifi{{serviceName}}{% endblock %} {% block pageTitle %}Connect to NHS Wifi{% endblock %} {% block content %}
To connect to NHS Wifi you need to give us your email address.
We will not to send you any spam or share your details.


=== Config function: lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 (click for source code)
=== Config value:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>{tc_group_properties,[]},
{tc_group_path,[]},
{data_dir,"/Users/anne-francevanswieten/lasp/_build/test/lib/lasp/test/lasp_SUITE_data/"},
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>=== Current directory is<EMAIL_ADDRESS>=== Started at 2017-04-16 17:29:48
*** System report during lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 2017-04-16 17:29:48.523 ***
=PROGRESS REPORT==== 16-Apr-2017::17:29:48 ===
application: sasl
started_at: runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** System report during lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 2017-04-16 17:29:48.542 ***
=PROGRESS REPORT==== 16-Apr-2017::17:29:48 ===
application: types
started_at: runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** System report during lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 2017-04-16 17:29:48.544 ***
=PROGRESS REPORT==== 16-Apr-2017::17:29:48 ===
application: gen_flow
started_at: runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** System report during lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 2017-04-16 17:29:48.553 ***
=PROGRESS REPORT==== 16-Apr-2017::17:29:48 ===
application: syntax_tools
started_at: runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** System report during lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 2017-04-16 17:29:48.562 ***
=PROGRESS REPORT==== 16-Apr-2017::17:29:48 ===
application: compiler
started_at: runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** System report during lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 2017-04-16 17:29:48.577 ***
=PROGRESS REPORT==== 16-Apr-2017::17:29:48 ===
supervisor: {local,gr_sup}
started: [{pid,<0.3204.0>},
{id,gr_counter_sup},
{mfargs,{gr_counter_sup,start_link,[]}},
{restart_type,permanent},
{shutdown,5000},
{child_type,supervisor}]
*** System report during lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 2017-04-16 17:29:48.582 ***
=PROGRESS REPORT==== 16-Apr-2017::17:29:48 ===
supervisor: {local,gr_sup}
started: [{pid,<0.3206.0>},
{id,gr_param_sup},
{mfargs,{gr_param_sup,start_link,[]}},
{restart_type,permanent},
{shutdown,5000},
{child_type,supervisor}]
*** System report during lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 2017-04-16 17:29:48.588 ***
=PROGRESS REPORT==== 16-Apr-2017::17:29:48 ===
supervisor: {local,gr_sup}
started: [{pid,<0.3208.0>},
{id,gr_manager_sup},
{mfargs,{gr_manager_sup,start_link,[]}},
{restart_type,permanent},
{shutdown,5000},
{child_type,supervisor}]
*** System report during lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 2017-04-16 17:29:48.588 ***
=PROGRESS REPORT==== 16-Apr-2017::17:29:48 ===
application: goldrush
started_at: runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** System report during lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 2017-04-16 17:29:48.595 ***
=PROGRESS REPORT==== 16-Apr-2017::17:29:48 ===
supervisor: {local,lager_sup}
started: [{pid,<0.3215.0>},
{id,lager},
{mfargs,{gen_event,start_link,[{local,lager_event}]}},
{restart_type,permanent},
{shutdown,5000},
{child_type,worker}]
*** System report during lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 2017-04-16 17:29:48.598 ***
=PROGRESS REPORT==== 16-Apr-2017::17:29:48 ===
supervisor: {local,lager_sup}
started: [{pid,<0.3217.0>},
{id,lager_handler_watcher_sup},
{mfargs,{lager_handler_watcher_sup,start_link,[]}},
{restart_type,permanent},
{shutdown,5000},
{child_type,supervisor}]
*** System report during lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 2017-04-16 17:29:48.602 ***
=PROGRESS REPORT==== 16-Apr-2017::17:29:48 ===
supervisor: {local,lager_sup}
started: [{pid,<0.3219.0>},
{id,lager_crash_log},
{mfargs,
{lager_crash_log,start_link,
["log/crash.log",65536,10485760,[{hour,0}],5]}},
{restart_type,permanent},
{shutdown,5000},
{child_type,worker}]
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.696 ***
17:29:48.691 [info] Application lager started on node runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.696 ***
17:29:48.691 [info] Application time_compat started on node runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.752 ***
17:29:48.752 [info] Application os_mon started on node runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.760 ***
17:29:48.760 [info] alarm_handler: {set,{{disk_almost_full,"/Volumes/Erlang"},[]}}
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.760 ***
17:29:48.760 [info] alarm_handler: {set,{system_memory_high_watermark,[]}}
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.767 ***
17:29:48.767 [info] Application riak_dt started on node runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.767 ***
17:29:48.767 [info] Application lasp_support started on node runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.769 ***
17:29:48.769 [info] Application rand_compat started on node runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.776 ***
17:29:48.775 [info] Application acceptor_pool started on node runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.862 ***
17:29:48.862 [info] Application partisan started on node runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.881 ***
17:29:48.881 [info] Application plumtree started on node runner@MBPdeAnneFrance
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.881 ***
17:29:48.881 [info] Setting jitter: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.882 ***
17:29:48.882 [info] Setting tutorial: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.884 ***
17:29:48.884 [info] Setting event interval: 0
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.886 ***
17:29:48.885 [info] Setting max events: 1000
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.887 ***
17:29:48.887 [info] Setting extended logging: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.889 ***
17:29:48.889 [info] Setting mailbox logging: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.891 ***
17:29:48.891 [info] Setting operation mode: state_based
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.892 ***
17:29:48.892 [info] Setting set type: orset
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.895 ***
17:29:48.895 [info] Setting broadcast: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.924 ***
17:29:48.924 [info] Membership: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.926 ***
17:29:48.926 [info] Workflow: true
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.931 ***
17:29:48.931 [info] AdClientEnabled: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.934 ***
17:29:48.934 [info] AdServerEnabled: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.936 ***
17:29:48.936 [info] TournClientEnabled: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.937 ***
17:29:48.937 [info] TournServerEnabled: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.938 ***
17:29:48.938 [info] ThroughputType: gset
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.940 ***
17:29:48.940 [info] ThroughputClientEnabled: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.941 ***
17:29:48.941 [info] ThroughputServerEnabled: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.943 ***
17:29:48.943 [info] DivergenceType: gcounter
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.944 ***
17:29:48.944 [info] DivergenceClientEnabled: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.946 ***
17:29:48.945 [info] DivergenceServerEnabled: false
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:48.996 ***
17:29:48.959 [error] Error connecting to redis for workflow management: {error,{connection_error,{connection_error,econnrefused}}}
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.019 ***
17:29:48.959 [error] CRASH REPORT Process <0.3378.0> with 1 neighbours exited with reason: {error,{connection_error,{connection_error,econnrefused}}} in gen_server:init_it/6 line 344
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.043 ***
17:29:48.959 [error] Supervisor lasp_sup had child lasp_workflow started with lasp_workflow:start_link() at undefined exit with reason {error,{connection_error,{connection_error,econnrefused}}} in context start_error
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.069 ***
17:29:48.959 [error] CRASH REPORT Process <0.3305.0> with 0 neighbours exited with reason: {{shutdown,{failed_to_start_child,lasp_workflow,{error,{connection_error,{connection_error,econnrefused}}}}},{lasp_app,start,[normal,[]]}} in application_master:init/4 line 134
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.069 ***
17:29:48.959 [info] Application lasp exited with reason: {{shutdown,{failed_to_start_child,lasp_workflow,{error,{connection_error,{connection_error,econnrefused}}}}},{lasp_app,start,[normal,[]]}}
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.069 ***
17:29:48.982 [info] Application plumtree exited with reason: stopped
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.069 ***
17:29:49.020 [info] Application partisan exited with reason: stopped
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.070 ***
17:29:49.020 [info] Application acceptor_pool exited with reason: stopped
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.070 ***
17:29:49.020 [info] Application rand_compat exited with reason: stopped
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.070 ***
17:29:49.020 [info] Application lasp_support exited with reason: stopped
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.070 ***
17:29:49.020 [info] Application riak_dt exited with reason: stopped
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.070 ***
17:29:49.020 [info] alarm_handler: {clear,system_memory_high_watermark}
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.070 ***
17:29:49.020 [info] alarm_handler: {clear,{disk_almost_full,"/Volumes/Erlang"}}
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.070 ***
17:29:49.070 [info] Application os_mon exited with reason: stopped
*** User 2017-04-16 17:29:49.070 ***
17:29:49.070 [info] Application time_compat exited with reason: stopped
*** CT Error Notification 2017-04-16 17:29:49.091 ***
lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite failed
Reason: {badmatch,{error,{lasp,{{shutdown,{failed_to_start_child,las...}
Full error description and stacktrace
=== Ended at 2017-04-16 17:29:49
=== Location: [{lasp_support,start_runner,271},
{lasp_SUITE,init_per_suite,46},
{test_server,ts_tc,1529},
{test_server,run_test_case_eval1,1130},
{test_server,run_test_case_eval,977}]
=== Reason: no match of right hand side value
{error,
{lasp,
{{shutdown,
{failed_to_start_child,lasp_workflow,
{error,
{connection_error,{connection_error,econnrefused}}}}},
{lasp_app,start,[normal,[]]}}}}
in function lasp_support:start_runner/0 (/Users/anne-francevanswieten/lasp/_build/test/lib/lasp/src/lasp_support.erl, line 271)
in call from lasp_SUITE:init_per_suite/1 (/Users/anne-francevanswieten/lasp/_build/test/lib/lasp/test/lasp_SUITE.erl, line 46)
in call from test_server:ts_tc/3 (test_server.erl, line 1529)
in call from test_server:run_test_case_eval1/6 (test_server.erl, line 1130)
in call from test_server:run_test_case_eval/9 (test_server.erl, line 977)
===
*** init_per_suite failed.
Skipping all cases.
Test run history
| Top level test index


Django is a great Python framework for database-driven sites. It’s what we use for Teloga in fact. But there’s one thing that bugs me: usernames are case-sensitive.
With Teloga busy serving both the Auburn University Bands and the Alabama Bandmasters Association, it didn’t take too long for us to realize that this is very unintuitive for users. We received weekly emails complaining that this person couldn’t log into their account, and invariably it’d be caused by the usage of<EMAIL_ADDRESS>instead of<EMAIL_ADDRESS>That had to go.
First things first. Before the case-sensitivity even came up, we first decided we wanted to use emails as logins. In addition, we’re going to need longer usernames than the 30 characters Django allows out of the box, since email addresses can be up to 256 characters long.
That’s where django-longer-username comes in. It’s a really nice plugin which provides a South migration for your database and tweaks all the admin forms appropriately.
Once we have a setup for longer usernames (we went with 75 characters as sufficient for our needs), we needed to create our own registration form. James took care of this for Teloga. Here’s a sketch of what ours looks like:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 |
|
I’ll draw attention to this line:
email = self.cleaned_data['email'].lower() # Oh hey, this is important.
This is getting back to the point I made at first: case sensitivity for usernames sucks. Particularly when you’re dealing with emails: while it’s up to each email provider to decide if they want their email addresses to be case-sensitive, most of them make the (smart) decision to ignore capitalization.  (In our case, we didn’t at first, and had a few dozen users make duplicate accounts with various capitalizations of their email address.)
Now, using this form you will have users with all-lowercase email addresses set as the username. So now it’s time to get them logged in.
We’re actually just going to do a short adjustment to the stock AuthenticationForm. We need to make sure that the length of the username field is increased to 75, and we better make sure we clean up the username/email so that it’s all lowercase. (Otherwise you’re going to get a rightfully perturbed user complaining that they registered with<EMAIL_ADDRESS>but they cannot log in, because you stored their email as<EMAIL_ADDRESS>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
|
So, all in all there isn’t anything too fancy here, but I was surprised I couldn’t find a walkthrough online so I thought I could whip one up. Let me know if you have any comments!
-SXC


Sundar Pichai
CEO of Google
Pichai Sundararajan also known as Sundar Pichai, is an Indian-American business executive. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Google LLC. Formerly the Product Chief of Google, Pichai's current role was announced on August 10, 2015, as part of the restructuring process that made Alphabet Inc. into Google's parent company, and he assumed the position on October 2, 2015.
- Pichai joined Google in 2004, where he led the product management and innovation efforts for a suite of Google's client software products, including Google Chrome and Chrome OS, as well as being largely responsible for Google Drive. He went on to oversee the development of different applications such as Gmail and Google Maps.
- On November 19, 2009, Pichai gave a demonstration of Chrome OS; the Chromebook was released for trial and testing in 2011, and released to the public in 2012.
- On May 20, 2010, he announced the open-sourcing of the new video codec VP8 by Google and introduced the new video format, WebM.
- On March 13, 2013, Pichai added Android to the list of Google products that he oversees. Android was formerly managed by Andy Rubin.
- He was a director of Jive Software from April 2011 to July 30, 2013.
- Pichai was selected to become the next CEO of Google on August 10, 2015 after previously being appointed Product Chief by CEO, Larry Page .
- On October 24, 2015 he stepped into the new position at the completion of the formation of Alphabet Inc., the new holding company for the Google company family.
- Pichai had been suggested as a contender for Microsoft's CEO in 2014, a position that was eventually given to Satya Nadella.
- In August 2017, Pichai drew publicity for firing a Google employee who wrote a ten-page manifesto criticizing the company's diversity policies and arguing that "distribution of preferences and abilities of men and women differ in part due to biological causes and ... these differences may explain why we don't see equal representation of women in tech and leadership". While noting that the manifesto raised a number of issues that are open to debate, Pichai said in a memo to Google employees that "to suggest a group of our colleagues have traits that make them less biologically suited to that work is offensive and not OK".
- In December 2017, Pichai was a speaker at the World Internet Conference in China, where he stated that "a lot of work Google does is to help Chinese companies. There are many small and medium-sized businesses in China who take advantage of Google to get their products to many other countries outside of China."
“Keep pushing your limits.”
Sundar Pichai


Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
Location:Our mission is to find a cure for cystic fibrosis and improve the quality of life for those living with the disease. We can't do it alone. Help us add tomorrows by giving today.
Your gift of support to the Annual Fund provides important, unrestricted resources that help us advance our mission. It helps us develop new treatments and pursue every opportunity for promising research that can lead us to a cure.
Learn More About Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.
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--- layout: post title: The World is not mature for ECM? date: 2010-02-10 14:11:07.000000000 -02:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: - UCM tags: - ecm meta: _oembed_702c01ee9917fcc52d9354d527a84060: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_785c8fc00854902b3379d7eddd34a017: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_600476c5e0b8f0097c350e98d59ccc12: "{{unknown}}" _edit_last: '8405276' _oembed_7b039fa7a0d0c81512a850bf7316a400: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_aac9371b3e30448274581b82a33c684f: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_3656f2985f7ef014696209834907cac2: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_8ee93d6ef7dd3f7110ed7796d6f77e66: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_8c11d1a07ae652aedf1f80c287162445: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_48814b43d23cf17aa61c590ad3c31086: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_a1680c180ef45c6f6926387a2052713a: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_cf676227b5ebe18e8d1134053f3da0d1: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_971aebd3a3d9bfeb0359b76f5a118015: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_b0ccfb0ea572caaa3b23aac13fe982fe: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_7df51556f1d81315676c3991d1ab61ed: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_bcaa740ef8855a0ccbbcb8cf205287ee: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_18ee1169074427de69803dbc910388bd: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_a806ca0f90428d1e0a400ebab7d97edc: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_c900cec40e14293f394f8205d7aac195: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_10cd280e55bf65bb33c473eb93dd7273: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_f471802439c092b8b5ff2b302862902f: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_ebb2e2f252a5227aeff513fc07635b32: "{{unknown}}" _oembed_e6e3dc8043ad0aebca7ec161e767970b: "{{unknown}}" author: login: andrealmar email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: andrealmar first_name: '' last_name: '' ---
Lee Dallas in recent blog post...write about "The Problem with ECM". Really interesting.
"The problem with ECM is that it is too big to buy but too small to dream about. Once you step out of the tactical realm specific realities of documents, web content and image content within a single business seems constrained. The information world is a much bigger, connected and interdependent space. This new strategic destination is a pan-enterprise concept."
More: http://bigmenoncontent.com/2010/02/10/the-problem-with-e-in-ecm-part-i/
More thoughts related to this are on Joe Shepley post:
http://joeshepley.wordpress.com/2010/02/02/no-one-cares-about-ecm/
“ECM is a means and not an end,”
“a way to reach a goal and not that goal itself, valuable to the organization only insofar as it supports, enables, and furthers the work of the organization,” i.e., the products and services it provides to its customers


Arvind Kumar Bhartia
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config¶
-
class
geocoding.config.
Config
[source]¶ Class that configures the execution process.
-
n_folds
¶ The number of folds in the experiment
- Type
int
-
source_crs
¶ The EPSG crs code used in input files
- Type
int
-
target_crs
¶ The EPSG crs code to transform the data
- Type
int
-
clusters_pct
¶ Percentage of data points, indicating how many clusters to create in order to query Overpass API for streets
- Type
float
-
osm_buffer
¶ A buffer distance (in meters) to consider around each bounding box when querying Overpass API
- Type
float
-
osm_timeout
¶ Timeout (in seconds) after five requests to Overpass API
- Type
int
-
max_overpass_tries
¶ Maximum number of failed tries to extract the road network when querying the Overpass API before quiting.
- Type
int
-
distance_thr
¶ Distances in features greater than this value will be converted to this threshold
- Type
float
-
baseline_service
¶ The name of the service to consider when measuring baseline scores
- Type
str
-
experiments_path
¶ Path to folder that stores the experiments
- Type
str
-
services
¶ The services (geocoders) used in the setup
- Type
list
-
supported_features
¶ List of the supported features to choose from
- Type
list
-
included_features
¶ List of the features to be included in the experiment
- Type
list
-
normalized_features
¶ List of features to be normalized
- Type
list
-
supported_classifiers
¶ List of the supported classifiers to choose from
- Type
list
-
included_classifiers
¶ List of the classifiers to be included in the experiment
- Type
list
-
NB_hparams
¶ Parameters search space for Naive Bayes classifier
- Type
dict
-
NN_hparams
¶ Parameters search space for Nearest Neighbors classifier
- Type
dict
-
LR_hparams
¶ Parameters search space for Logistic Regression classifier
- Type
dict
-
SVM_hparams
¶ Parameters search space for SVM classifier
- Type
list
-
MLP_hparams
¶ Parameters search space for MLP classifier
- Type
dict
-
DT_hparams
¶ Parameters search space for Decision Tree classifier
- Type
dict
-
RF_hparams
¶ Parameters search space for Random Forest classifier
- Type
dict
-
ET_hparams
¶ Parameters search space for Extra Trees classifier
- Type
dict
-
hyperparams_search_method
= 'grid'¶ Search Method to use for finding best hyperparameters. (randomized | grid).
- Type
str
-
max_iter
= 30¶ Number of iterations that RandomizedSearchCV should execute. It applies only when
hyperparams_search_method
equals to ‘randomized’.- Type
int
-
n_jobs
= 4¶ Number of parallel jobs to be initiated. -1 means to utilize all available processors.
- Type
int
-
seed_no
= 13¶ Seed to use by random number generators.
- Type
int
-


THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF AZAFULVENES
A THESIS Presented to The Faculty of the Division of Graduate Studies and Research by
Joseph Peter Sanchez
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy
in the School of Chemistry
Georgia Institute of Technology
June, 1972
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


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Cupid and Psyche
“Cupid and Psyche” is a work of Venetian sculptor Antonio Canova, made of marble in two versions by order made in Naples in 1787 by Scottish collector and connoisseur of art Baron Caudor. The plot is taken from the work of the ancient Roman writer Apuleius "Metamorphosis, or the Golden Donkey".