input
element and invoking the picker:$('.datepicker').pickadate()
Along with v3, the v2 options and API have effectively been deprecated. Read up on the full changelog here.
One of the most critical changes is that the “month” used to create dates, just as in JavaScript’s native Date object, now has zero-as-index.
With the basic invocation above, these are the default settings:
// Strings and translations
monthsFull: ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'],
monthsShort: ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'],
weekdaysFull: ['Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday'],
weekdaysShort: ['Sun', 'Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat'],
showMonthsShort: undefined,
showWeekdaysFull: undefined,
// Buttons
today: 'Today',
clear: 'Clear',
// Accessibility labels
labelMonthNext: 'Next month',
labelMonthPrev: 'Previous month',
labelMonthSelect: 'Select a month',
labelYearSelect: 'Select a year',
// Formats
format: 'd mmmm, yyyy',
formatSubmit: undefined,
hiddenPrefix: undefined,
hiddenSuffix: '_submit',
hiddenName: undefined,
// Editable input
editable: undefined,
// Dropdown selectors
selectYears: undefined,
selectMonths: undefined,
// First day of the week
firstDay: undefined,
// Date limits
min: undefined,
max: undefined,
// Disable dates
disable: undefined,
// Root container
container: undefined,
// Events
onStart: undefined,
onRender: undefined,
onOpen: undefined,
onClose: undefined,
onSet: undefined,
onStop: undefined,
// Classes
klass: {
// The element states
input: 'picker__input',
active: 'picker__input--active',
// The root picker and states *
picker: 'picker',
opened: 'picker--opened',
focused: 'picker--focused',
// The picker holder
holder: 'picker__holder',
// The picker frame, wrapper, and box
frame: 'picker__frame',
wrap: 'picker__wrap',
box: 'picker__box',
// The picker header
header: 'picker__header',
// Month navigation
navPrev: 'picker__nav--prev',
navNext: 'picker__nav--next',
navDisabled: 'picker__nav--disabled',
// Month & year labels
month: 'picker__month',
year: 'picker__year',
// Month & year dropdowns
selectMonth: 'picker__select--month',
selectYear: 'picker__select--year',
// Table of dates
table: 'picker__table',
// Weekday labels
weekdays: 'picker__weekday',
// Day states
day: 'picker__day',
disabled: 'picker__day--disabled',
selected: 'picker__day--selected',
highlighted: 'picker__day--highlighted',
now: 'picker__day--today',
infocus: 'picker__day--infocus',
outfocus: 'picker__day--outfocus',
// The picker footer
footer: 'picker__footer',
// Today & clear buttons
buttonClear: 'picker__button--clear',
buttonToday: 'picker__button--today'
}
* It is important to not add any stylings to the picker’s root element. Instead, target the .picker__holder
element (or any other within) based on the state of the root element.
Change the month and weekday labels as you find suitable:
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
weekdaysShort: ['Su', 'Mo', 'Tu', 'We', 'Th', 'Fr', 'Sa'],
showMonthsShort: true
})
Change the text or hide a button completely by passing a false-y value:
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
today: '',
clear: 'Clear selection'
})
Change the title
attributes to several elements within the picker:
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
labelMonthNext: 'Go to the next month',
labelMonthPrev: 'Go to the previous month',
labelMonthSelect: 'Pick a month from the dropdown',
labelYearSelect: 'Pick a year from the dropdown',
selectMonths: true,
selectYears: true
})
The picker can be extended to add support for internationalization. Translations for 39 languages are available out of the box, which you can include in one of two ways:
// Extend the default picker options for all instances.
$.extend($.fn.pickadate.defaults, {
monthsFull: ['Janvier', 'Février', 'Mars', 'Avril', 'Mai', 'Juin', 'Juillet', 'Août', 'Septembre', 'Octobre', 'Novembre', 'Décembre'],
weekdaysShort: ['Dim', 'Lun', 'Mar', 'Mer', 'Jeu', 'Ven', 'Sam'],
today: 'aujourd\'hui',
clear: 'effacer',
formatSubmit: 'yyyy/mm/dd'
})
// Or, pass the months and weekdays as an array for each invocation.
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
monthsFull: ['Janvier', 'Février', 'Mars', 'Avril', 'Mai', 'Juin', 'Juillet', 'Août', 'Septembre', 'Octobre', 'Novembre', 'Décembre'],
weekdaysShort: ['Dim', 'Lun', 'Mar', 'Mer', 'Jeu', 'Ven', 'Sam'],
today: 'aujourd\'hui',
clear: 'effacer',
formatSubmit: 'yyyy/mm/dd'
})
When using translations, specify the formatSubmit
and data-value
to ensure the date parses correctly regardless of locale.
For languages that flow from right-to-left (RTL), you’ll need to switch the arrows and text direction by linking along the rtl.css
file:
<!-- Add the stylings *after* the pickadate theme files -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/themes/rtl.css">
<!-- Add the language *after* the pickadate script files -->
<script src="lib/translations/ar.js"></script>
Display a human-friendly format and use an alternate one to submit to the server.
This is done by creating a new hidden input
element with the same name
attribute as the original with an optional prefix/suffix:
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
// Escape any “rule” characters with an exclamation mark (!).
format: 'You selecte!d: dddd, dd mmm, yyyy',
formatSubmit: 'yyyy/mm/dd',
hiddenPrefix: 'prefix__',
hiddenSuffix: '__suffix'
})
value
only§A majority of the time, the value that needs to be sent to the server is just the hidden value – and not the visible one. To make this happen, use the hiddenName
option.
This essentially nullifies the hiddenPrefix
and hiddenSuffix
, strips the name
attribute from the source input
, and then sets it as the name
of the hidden input
:
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
formatSubmit: 'yyyy/mm/dd',
hiddenName: true
})
When using a custom formatting rule for the format
option or when using translations, the input
element should be given a data-value
attribute formatted using the formatSubmit
– the element’s value
can be left blank. This helps to parse the date from custom formats into various languages:
<input data-value="2013/04/20">
To use a formatting rule, make sure to keep a delimiter between each rule. This ensures each rule’s value can be parsed correctly. Example:
Bad: yyyymmdd
; Good: yyyy-mm-dd
.
The following rules can be used to format any date:
| Rule | Description | Result |
|---|---|---|
d |
Date of the month | 1 – 31 |
dd |
Date of the month with a leading zero | 01 – 31 |
ddd |
Day of the week in short form | Sun – Sat |
dddd |
Day of the week in full form | Sunday – Saturday |
m |
Month of the year | 1 – 12 |
mm |
Month of the year with a leading zero | 01 – 12 |
mmm |
Month name in short form | Jan – Dec |
mmmm |
Month name in full form | January – December |
yy |
Year in short form * | 00 – 99 |
yyyy |
Year in full form | 2000 – 2999 |
* If you use the yy
rule in the format
option, you must specify the yyyy
rule in the formatSubmit
option with the appropriate data-value
attribute to ensure the date parses accurately.
Never use the yy
rule in the formatSubmit
option.
By default, typing into the input is disabled by giving it a readOnly
attribute. Doing so ensures that virtual keyboards don’t pop open on touch devices. It is also a confirmation that values passed to the server will be of a consistent format.
However, this behavior can be changed using the editable
option:
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
editable: true
})
An important thing to note here is that this disables keyboard bindings on the input element, such as arrow keys opening the picker. You will have to add your own bindings as you see fit.
Because each input
is readOnly
by default, HTML5 attributes, such as required
and pattern
, do not get enforced.
To enable default browser behavior on these attributes, set the editable
property to true
.
Display select
menus to pick the month and year. Anything truth-y enables the selectors and anything false-y switches them into text:
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
selectYears: true,
selectMonths: true
})
When selectYears
is truthy, the year selector appears before the month. Read here for more details on why.
You can also specify the number of years to show in the dropdown using an even integer - half before and half after the year in focus:
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
// `true` defaults to 10.
selectYears: 4
})
The first day of the week can be set to either Sunday or Monday. Anything truth-y sets it as Monday and anything false-y as Sunday:
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
firstDay: 1
})
Set the minimum and maximum selectable dates on the picker.
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
min: new Date(2013,3,20),
max: new Date(2013,7,14)
})
[YEAR,MONTH,DATE]
§$('.datepicker').pickadate({
min: [2013,3,20],
max: [2013,7,14]
})
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
// An integer (positive/negative) sets it relative to today.
min: -15,
// `true` sets it to today. `false` removes any limits.
max: true
})
Disable a specific or arbitrary set of dates selectable on the picker.
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
disable: [
new Date(2013,3,13),
new Date(2013,3,29)
]
})
[YEAR,MONTH,DATE]
§$('.datepicker').pickadate({
disable: [
[2013,3,3],
[2013,3,12],
[2013,3,20]
]
})
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
disable: [
1, 4, 7
]
})
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
disable: [
{ from: [2014,2,14], to: [2014,2,27] }
]
})
The values for from
& to
can be:
[YEAR,MONTH,DATE]
,true
to set it as “today”.The values can also be integers representing dates relative to the other:
to
can only be positive: { from: [2014,3,12], to: 10 }
from
can only be negative: { from: -10, to: true }
Enable only a specific or arbitrary set of dates by setting true
as the first item in the collection:
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
disable: [
true,
1, 4, 7,
[2013,3,3],
[2013,3,12],
[2013,3,20],
new Date(2013,3,13),
new Date(2013,3,29)
]
})
Enable dates that fall within a range of disabled dates by adding the inverted
parameter to the item within the collection:
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
disable: [
5,
[2013, 10, 21, 'inverted'],
{ from: [2014, 3, 15], to: [2014, 3, 25] },
[2014, 3, 20, 'inverted'],
{ from: [2014, 3, 17], to: [2014, 3, 18], inverted: true }
]
})
By default, the picker’s root element is inserted right after the input
element. Specify where to insert the root element by passing any valid CSS selector to this option:
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
container: '#root-outlet'
})
This is especially important when the input
falls within a label
element because click events bubble up to the label
element and re-open the picker.
Fire off events as the user interacts with the picker:
$('.datepicker').pickadate({
onStart: function() {
console.log('Hello there :)')
},
onRender: function() {
console.log('Whoa.. rendered anew')
},
onOpen: function() {
console.log('Opened up')
},
onClose: function() {
console.log('Closed now')
},
onStop: function() {
console.log('See ya.')
},
onSet: function(context) {
console.log('Just set stuff:', context)
}
})
The onSet
event is the only callback that is passed a context
argument that provides details as to which properties are being “set”.
Within scope of all six of these events, this
refers to the picker.
To learn more on how to use the picker object, read the API documentation.


# extends 'team/team_base.html' # block team_content
Motto: {{team_db.motto}}
Name: {{team_db.name}}
Website: {{team_db.website}}


Get me a Taxi!
Name:
Can't be null
Phone Number:
Can't be null
Shared ID:
Can't be null
Remember Settings
Get Me A Taxi!
Better Not
Get me a Taxi!
Make Visible
Exit


change temporal OpenUrl community &; individuals beta-diversity relative individual species compositional forest temperature communities time equilibrium changes evergreen individual-based broad-leaved climate deciduous indices trends annual index speed CrossRef Ecol. Fig. data mortality forests recruitment tree Table composition information new sites turnover using components mean analyses biodiversity patterns rates indicate Science contribution rate Japanese Legendre Web diversity precipitation processes .±. abundance monitoring plots used datasets dissimilarity follows: <; Panels Therefore, average calculated forests. loss refers respectively. warming (e.g., Ecol., Legendre, different i.e., identity model persistence relation simple (.–.), (Table However, based gradient increased indicator local period present relationship studies study Bray–Curtis Evol., Glob. Japan S). Specifically, Trends accessed archipelago. beta developed ecological effects evenness gain life lines plot significant types (–. component concept differences global identifying numbers results shift shifts spatial statistical structure targeted total zone; Abstract Anim. Biodiversity Biogeogr., December Figure Furthermore, Japan. Magurran Magurran, Meteorological Thus, abundance-based best clear communities. concepts considered contributions dashed decade. did evaluate forests, identify increasing major novel obtained partitioned range respectively, separately time. times use vegetation year (a) (b) (coefficients (i.e., .), Baselga Data Detailed Download Ecology, FREE Fukushima Ishihara Open Ružička Temporal Text Valtonen analysis analyzed approach beta-diversity. black caused coefficients column composition. context contribute data-hide-link-title=""> data-icon-position="" dataset deaths decade decreased detailed detected diversity. dynamics ecology empirical extension figure focused identified impacts included including index, indicates level multiple number organisms original panels plant polynomial possible refer regression related replaced required responses series structural tab time, understanding values variation


var logger = require("log4js").getLogger("angoose");
var logger = require("log4js").getLogger("angoose");
This is the base class for Angoose model classes and service classes
getContext()
This method allows you obtain the execution context. The context may contain following properties:
{
user: currently logged in user, see Principal
req: current request object, this may be undefined
}
function(req){
this.req = req;
}
module.exports = Remotable


This is a full application ready for use to display particle mass density as an isovolume. It combines the following modules:


This code is casting the result of calling toArray()
on a collection
to a type more specific than Object[]
, as in:
String[] getAsArray(Collection<String> c) { return (String[]) c.toArray(); }
This will usually fail by throwing a ClassCastException. The toArray()
of almost all collections return an Object[]
. They can't really do anything else,
since the Collection object has no reference to the declared generic type of the collection.
The correct way to do get an array of a specific type from a collection is to use
c.toArray(new String[]);
or c.toArray(new String[c.size()]);
(the latter is slightly more efficient).
There is one common/known exception exception to this. The toArray()
method of lists returned by Arrays.asList(...)
will return a covariantly
typed array. For example, Arrays.asArray(new String[] { "a" }).toArray()
will return a String []
. FindBugs attempts to detect and suppress
such cases, but may miss some.
STACKOVERFLOW SITE :


Open Geospatial Consortium
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Internal reference number of this OGC® document: {{ docnumber }}
{% if url or html %}URL for this OGC® document: {{ url or html }}
{% endif %} {% if edition %}Version: {{ edition }}
{% endif %}Category: {{ doctype }}
Editor: {{ editors | join: ", " }}
OGC {{ doctitle }}
Copyright notice
Copyright
© {{ docyear }} Open Geospatial Consortium
To obtain additional rights of use, visit http://www.opengeospatial.org/legal/.
Warning
This document is an OGC Member approved international standard. This document is available on a royalty free, non-discriminatory basis. Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning
This document is not an OGC Standard. This document is an OGC Discussion Paper and is therefore not an official position of the OGC membership. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an OGC Standard. Further, an OGC Discussion Paper should not be referenced as required or mandatory technology in procurements.
Warning
This document is not an OGC Standard. This document is an OGC Public Engineering Report created as a deliverable in an OGC Interoperability Initiative and is not an official position of the OGC membership. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an OGC Standard. Further, any OGC Engineering Report should not be referenced as required or mandatory technology in procurements.
Warning
This document defines an OGC Best Practices on a particular technology or approach related to an OGC standard. This document is not an OGC Standard and may not be referred to as an OGC Standard. It is subject to change without notice. However, this document is an official position of the OGC membership on this particular technology topic.
Warning
This document is an OGC Policies and Procedures Document. The document is subject to change based on membership requirements and motions. Please note that the OGC Policies Related to OGC Standards should be also be read.
Warning for drafts
This document is not an OGC Standard. This document is distributed for review and comment. This document is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an OGC Standard.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
{% endif %} {% if doctype == "Best Practice" %}This document defines an OGC Best Practice on a particular technology or approach related to an OGC standard. This document is not an OGC Standard and may not be referred to as an OGC Standard. It is subject to change without notice. However, this document is an official position of the OGC membership on this particular technology topic.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
{% endif %} {% if doctype == "Discussion Paper" %}This document is not an OGC Standard. This document is an OGC Discussion Paper and is therefore not an official position of the OGC membership. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an OGC Standard. Further, an OGC Discussion Paper should not be referenced as required or mandatory technology in procurements.
{% endif %} {% if doctype == "White Paper" %}This document is not an OGC Standard. This document is an OGC White Paper and is therefore not an official position of the OGC membership. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an OGC Standard. Further, an OGC White Paper should not be referenced as required or mandatory technology in procurements.
{% endif %} {% if doctype == "Release Notes" %}This document is not an OGC standard. This document provides release notes for an OGC standard. This document is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an OGC Standard.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
{% endif %} {% endif %}|
Document
type: OGC® {{ doctype }} Document
subtype: {{ docsubstatus }} Document
stage: {{ stage }} Document
language: {{ language }} |


About Cinemaclub
We invite high school and university students to watch and discuss movie with us!
Our club is open for everyone. We will show you world famous classic films and best films of our century. All of these films made in different countries tell us about problems, which are actual for young people:
relationship between men and women,
relationship between generations,
loneliness and friendship.
Cinemaclub is totally free! It is held every second Saturday, 17:00. (You can find a map in the contact page.)


{% extends "base.html" %} {# This template lays out the sidebar and spectrum plots, and is used by the results pages only #} {% block active2 %} class="active" {% endblock %} {% block content %}


What are the reasons to launch?
- Distance to the final point
As Earth’s and satellite’s direction of rotation aren’t usually the same, the distance between spaceport and reaching point always changes. So, to pick the window, where the least amount of fuel is needed, astronomers calculate time when traveling distance is the smallest. Orbit usually depends on what area will be observed (one with the most visits per day).
- Proximity to the equator
The closer the launch site to the equator, the easier it is to launch to equatorial orbit, and the more help you get from Earth's rotation for a prograde orbit. Unless launching to a polar orbit, there's at least some benefit to launching from as close to the equator as you can get.
- Safety
- Downrange safety
You want to be sure that spent stages dropped along the launch path or failed launches don't fall on people or property. As every country (except Israel) launch rockets to the East, Eastern coasts are good for that, if you can exclude marine and air traffic along the launch path.
- Launch site safety
There needs to be an exclusion zone of some size (depending on the size of your vehicle) in all directions around your launch site to keep unauthorized people away from your launch facility, and keep things/people out of harm's way if the vehicle has a catastrophic failure at or close to the launch pad. Even if all goes well, exhaust from a big rocket can do serious damage to things on the ground from just the acoustic energy (shock waves, vibration).
- Downrange safety
- Proximity to the transportation infrastructure
Your launch site needs to be well clear of anything a failed launch can damage, but still close enough to roads/rails/docks to be able to bring people and material to or from it in support of launch activities.
- Weather
Lightning and wind are the primary concerns when launching a rocket. Of course, it should go without saying that you don’t want to launch a rocket during a hurricane or tornado, either.
What are the most common causes of scheduling changes in launches?
- There are different requirements for different rockets, but in average launch must be cancelled if:
- Sustained wind at the 162 feet (49 m) level of the launch pad in excess of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph)
- Upper-level conditions containing wind shear[quantify] that could lead to control problems for the launch vehicle
- Launch through a cloud layer greater than 4,500 feet (1,400 m) thick that extends into freezing temperatures
- Launch within 19 km (10 nmi) of cumulus clouds with tops that extend into freezing temperatures
- Within 19 km (10 nmi) of the edge of a thunderstorm that is producing lightning within 30 minutes after the last lightning is observed
- Within 19 km (10 nmi) of an attached thunderstorm anvil cloud
- Within 9.3 km (5 nmi) of disturbed weather clouds that extend into freezing temperatures
- Within 5.6 km (3 nmi) of a thunderstorm debris cloud
- Through cumulus clouds formed as the result of or directly attached to a smoke plume
- field mill instrument readings within 9.3 km (5 nmi) of the launch pad exceed +/- 1,500 volts per meter, or +/- 1,000 volts per meter


Email: {{ user.email }}
Name: {{ user.name }}
Access Level: {{ role }}
Thank you for registering an account at dfam.org! At this time we are
performing manual activation of new user accounts. You will receive an email
when your account has been enabled for data submission.


Some Error Message!
Success! Paypal transaction ID: X8l7Wof56xso
Thanks for you order!
- Your order number: 1002212
- Made a mistake? update board file on this page until they go to manufacturing
- Boards usually take 6-8 days to manufacture and ship
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| 编号 |
File |
Layers |
尺寸 |
颜色 |
价格 |
状态 |
| 8762 |
item.zip |
3 |
5x5cm |
Red |
$14 |
Pending |
| 8763 |
item2.zip |
2 |
5x6cm |
Blue |
$24 |
Sent |
| 配送费 |
|
$0 |
0.1kg |
| 总计 |
|
$38 |
|


About Me
My name is Qiqi(Tiffany) Chen, and I have experience with Python a lot, but I just start to study web development, which i find it fascinating. I enjoy turning complex problems into simple, beautiful and intuitive small puzzles.
I am from China, and I went to the States on 2014. I love coffee, traveling, baking and watching drama. I enjoy collecting coffee from all around the world, and I do latte art every morning. If there is no Covid around the world right now, I would be on vacation with my family. One fun fact about me is that I enjoy the baking part of baking but not the eating part. If you happen to be my friends, you would receive a lot of pastries I make. I love the slow process of measuring, sifting, and stirring; waiting as the dough rises int he oven and the house becomes saturated with the scents of butter and flour. Just like how small pieces of code can build up to a functional program. Creating something that people interact with, use, touch and work with every day makes me feel exciting.


Voter
Housing
Parks
Schools
Public Safety
{% for voter in voters %}
{{ voter }}
Yes:
0
No:
0
Yes:
0
No:
0
Yes:
0
No:
0
Yes:
0
No:
0
{% endfor %}


Get reminders to stretch, drink water, and take a break.
Logs chat messages to a text file.
Disabled / Enabled
The amount of non bot messages for the next repeatable message to go through.
The amount of time that must pass until the next repeatable command is sent to chat.
Send the song name and artist to chat when a song plays.
Disabled / Enabled
Send the song name and artist to a text file. Can be displayed in OBS with custom styling.
Disabled / Enabled
The amount of points a new user starts with.
The amount of points earned per 15 minutes.
The name of your currency.
Send a message to your server when you join a channel.
Disabled / Enabled
Webhook URI
Default Message
If enabled Glimboi will ask for confirmation before sending the message. You can also add stream specific details (what you're doing that stream)
Disabled / Enabled
Send a message to your guild when you join a channel.
Disabled / Enabled
Webhook URI
Default Message
If enabled Glimboi will ask for confirmation before sending the message. You can also add stream specific details (what you're doing that stream)
Disabled / Enabled


Tempus Dominus uses and exposes a Namespace class for consistency and easy reference.
These values are provide via tempusDominus.Namespace
Returns tempus-dominus
.
Returns td
. This is used as a suffix for events e.g. change.td
.
A class with the pickers event keys. See the full events page for more details.
A class with the pickers css classes. See the full css page for more details.
A class with the pickers errors and error messages. See the full css page for more details.


One of the main goals of small, medium and large farms is to improve the reproductive performance of rabbit does. Stocks of lower productivity can be improved by crossing with intensive breeds. A better nutritional status of both foetuses and suckling kits has a positive effect on their later productivity. Overfeeding young females before first mating can lead to conditions of fattiness. Using restricted feeding or higher fibre content in the feed and changing it for a higher level ad libitum feeding about one week prior to first mating leads to longer lifespan and higher productive level. Intensive reproductive rhythm creates a negative energy balance in does : they are unable to consume enough feed (energy) for the nutritional requirements of foetus and lactation, and therefore lose most of their fat reserves. Furthermore, primiparous does also expend energy because they are still growing. Under intensive conditions, the 42-d reproductive rhythm (re-mating 11 days after parturition) is recommended. Under extensive conditions, the 18 or 25-d mating interval with 35 to 42-d weaning could be suitable. On small farms, natural mating is favoured; on large farms AI is commonly employed. The main advantage of AI is the all-in, all-out system. Hormonal (PMSG) treatment is used with AI to increase receptivity on d 11. Frequent and high level PMSG use can lead to higher anti-PMSG antibody rates. Lower level (max. 20 IU) and less frequent PMSG injection or non-hormonal alternative methods (short dam-litter separation, changing nursing method or lighting programs) are recommended for this reason.
Rabbit farms can be classified as small, medium, and large. Their owners usually started out with just a few does and a stock of growing rabbits for their own consumption ( Lebas et al., 1986 ). When rabbit meat became available at butchers, rabbit farms started increasing in size and selling animals. Not only the number of does increased, but also breeds, housing conditions, feeding, and management techniques were developed accordingly.
The owners of backyard stocks in Europe are only moderately interested in know-how. Most follow family tradition and keep rabbits in the same way as their parents or grandparents. Owners of medium-sized farms are interesting in learning more and using this knowledge to the best of their limited financial resources. Farmers with a large number of good quality animals (kept in closed buildings, modern cages, and fed with pellets, etc.) are those most interested in expanding their knowledge in order to increase efficiency and productivity while cutting costs for higher income. On large farms, profit per animal or profit per cage decrease continuously, and so farmers increase farm size for higher benefits. The survey report by Hanzhong (2008) describes the emerging Chinese rabbit industry and its high economic value, notable market prospects, and unique advantages. The Chinese say that if a family has several rabbits, it will not lack in oil, salt and vinegar, if a family has one hundred rabbits, it will not lack clothes and pants, and if a family has one thousand rabbits, it will not lack a building.
Scientific papers and reviews mainly deal with issues of intensive farming. Industrial rabbit production is concentrated mainly in some European countries (e.g. Italy, France, Spain, Hungary and Belgium), while medium and small sized farms are representative of the rest of the world, from South-America to Asia. Broadening scientific knowledge in such farms is essential for their development. For this reason, management of reproduction on each farm size is also emphasized in the review.
This paper deals with a number of practical aspects of the work on small, medium, and large farms. The main topics are:
breeds and selection
rearing future does
mating
artificial insemination
re-mating interval
palpation of pregnancy
suckling mortality
teat number
seasonal effect
Apart from artificial insemination, most of these topics apply equally well to all farms.
Breeds used for meat production can be categorized as
- native (local) breeds,
- coloured (extensive) breeds,
- intensive breeds, such as New Zealand or Californian,
- synthetic breeds,
- hybrids.
Certain native breeds are used primarily in hot climate countries or specific districts in other countries. Even if their reproductive performance is low, they are well-adapted to the local environment and highly resistant (hot climate, low nutritional level, local feedstuffs) to keeping conditions ( Lukefahr, 1992 ). For backyard rabbit husbandry or home meat production, breed choice does not assume critical importance ( Cheeke et al., 1986 ). Inexpensiveness and resistance may be the most important characteristics.
Coloured breeds are kept in numerous countries to produce meat for own consumption or special markets. Some coloured breeds are used in Europe in organic farming or alternative systems. Their productivity is between those of native and intensive breeds. Their reproductive ability is good enough, even under weak conditions, and this makes them common at small farms.
Intensive breeds are suitable for medium and large farms due to their good reproductive and productive performance. They are used for their good maternal ability and steady litter size ( Zhiqiang and Xiaoyan, 2008 ). New Zealand White and Californian are bred throughout the world as leading commercial breeds ( Cheeke et al., 1986 ).
Synthetic breeds originated from the crossing of two or more intensive breeds to introduce higher reproductive and productive characteristics and adapt to different environmental conditions or consumer preferences in a given country. Californian, the best known synthetic breed, originated from Himalayan, Chinchilla rabbit and New Zealand White crosses ( Cheeke et al., 1986 ). Most synthetic breeds are popular in the country where they are bred.
There are other ways to increase reproductive performance.
The easiest and quickest way is to cross existing stock with intensive breeds (lines). Note that imported breeds must be chosen carefully. The best choices to improve reproductive or productive performances might be New Zealand White, Californian, or similar types of medium-sized breeds.
Another well-known method is crossbreeding. Several experiments have been carried out in which the heterosis of crossbred populations has been proven in reproductive traits (e.g. litter size) ( Brun and Saleil, 1994 ; Jensen et al., 1996 ; Nofal et al., 1996 ; Das et al., 1997 ; Brun et al., 1998 ; Khalil et al., 2002 ; Brun and Baselga, 2005 ; Szendrő et al., 2007a ).
Another crossbreeding system is rotational crossing, in which purebred males are mated with crossbreed females. Each purebred sire breed is alternated (rotated) between successive generations ( Cheeke et al., 1986 ):
(N = New Zealand, C = Californian, D = Danish)
Selection: Garreau et al. (2004) and Khalil and Al-Saef (2008) summarized selection criteria, technique, and direct and correlated genetic responses in maternal lines. In most cases, the litter size at birth or at weaning is adopted for selection criteria and selection is based on the BLUP procedure. Some lines have been selected for over 30 generations. The heritability of the litter size is very low (sometimes under 0.1), therefore the selection responses per generation are also low (0.03 to 0.18). In some cases, new criteria (mortality, longevity or genetic variability) are built into the selection programs. The main purpose of selecting maternal lines is to produce crossbred (parents) does for a hybrid program. The (maternal) heterosis effect could be high (15% and 16% in litter size alive and weaned, Brun et al., 1992 ). The mostly widely-known hybrids (Hyplus, Hycole, Hyla and Zika) have two maternal lines and one terminal line.
The elements that affect reproductive performance are mainly examined during the breeding period. However, some factors before first mating may also influence life performance. One of the most important effects might be nutritional status (foetuses, suckling kits, and young females) before breeding.
Birth weight (nutritional status of foetuses) is determined mainly by litter size and the position of foetuses in the uterine horns ( Lebas, 1982 ; Pálos et al., 1996 ; Poigner et al., 2000 ; Szendrő and Maertens, 2001 ). Several papers published on humans indicate that birth weight has long-term effects on health and lifespan ( Barker et al., 1989 ; Doblhammer and Vaupel, 2001 ). Although several studies on rodents are also available ( Pond and Wu, 1981 ; Langley-Evans and Sculley, 2006 ), we have not yet found any studies on farm animals. We assume the same correlation between birth weight and adult performance in these animals, and therefore the selection of animals of larger birth weight might be suggested for better reproductive performance.
The nutritional (milk) supply of kits also has a long-term effect. Babile et al. (1982) reared kits in small and larger litters. The does in litters with 5 kits kindled and reared larger litters than those born in litters with 11 kits. Our results ( Szendrő et al., 1989 ) indicate that the size of the litter in which kits were born and nursed affected their performance in adult age as well. Rommers et al. (2001) observed that does taken from large litters (12) had low productivity. When Gyovai et al. (2004a , 2004b) nursed kits with one or two does, the results showed a significant difference in milk consumption. Nursing kits with two does has a positive effect on their adult performance, as well.
Better nutrient supply during suckling age could result in better adult performance. The main reason for this might be the better condition (higher body weight) of the does. The ratio of fat to muscle tissue measured by computer tomography at the age of first mating was higher in the group nursed by two does than in the group nursed by one ( Szendrő et al., 2006a ).
Restricted feeding: Feed restriction increases the length of life of rats and other laboratory rodents considerably ( Masoro et al., 1980 ). Using a slimming diet against obesity is commonly practiced around the world. People consume less than their appetite on such diets. After the diet ends, their food consumption might be higher and digestibility of nutrients became better. Consequently several weeks or months later, they might even be fatter than at the start of the slimming program (MacCuish et al., 1968).
However, this method may offer certain advantages in animal (rabbit) nutrition. When feed intake is reduced, rabbits are leaner (not only fat deposits but also total muscle lipid content is lower) ( Gondret et al., 2000 ). The rabbits reach optimal weight for first mating one or two weeks later than usual, and thus are more developed physiologically. When restriction ends, they begin consuming more feed. Nulliparous does must grow by about 0.3 to 0.5 kg until adult weight; furthermore; litter (foetus) weight at birth is around 0.5 kg and the does also produce around 4 to 5 kg of milk (0 to 28 d of lactation). In order to achieve such high performance, they have to mobilise their fat deposits because of limited feeding capacity. Terminating feed restriction some days prior to first mating is similar to flushing (with energy and protein intake increasing suddenly), and feed consumption is higher for a longer time. Digestibility of nutrients is better as well.
This theory has been proven in some experiments. When feed restriction ended, although body weight was lower than in the ad libitum group ( Hartmann and Petersen, 1997 ; Gyovai et al., 2004b ) due to their higher consumption at the time of the first parturition, their body weight was higher than in the group reared with ad libitum feeding ( Gyovai et al., 2004b ). Rabbits fed restricted diets can also digest nutrients (DM, OM, DF) with higher efficiency ( Di Meo et al., 2007 ).
Does reared with restricted feeding may provide better performance. Eiben et al. (2001) observed slightly higher conception rate, larger litter size, and higher milk production (litter weight), especially when a 9 h/d feeding duration was applied until the rabbits reached 3.4 to 3.5 kg body weight. In an experiment by Hartmann and Petersen (1997) , higher milk yield (litter weight gain) was ascribed to a 68.5% restriction of the ad libitum level (1st litter: +42 g, 2nd litter: +206 g, 3rd litter: +267 g). In contrary, Gyovai (2006) did not find any advantages in the restricted group. By combining the effects of nursing doe number (1 or 2) with young doe feeding regime ( ad libitum or restricted), the best lifetime production was observed in the group with high milk consumption and restricted feeding until 3 days prior to first mating (group TR). When compared to the traditional method (nursing by one doe fed ad libitum), the group TR produced more rabbits born total and alive by 14 and 16%, respectively ( Szendrő et al., 2006a ).
The productive performance of primiparous, restricted fed does (R) may be low. In most cases, the conception rate of first mated does was significantly lower than in the ad libitum fed group (A). In an experiment of Gyovai (2006) , the results were 59.5% and 83.3% in groups R and A, respectively. Larger differences were found if they were mated first at 15.5 than at 18.5 wks of age ( Gyovai, 2006 ). Matics et al. (2008) compared the reproductive performance of middle (M) and large (L) adult body weight genotypes fed restricted diets and mated first at 19.5 wks of age (R19) or fed ad libitum and mated at 15.5 wks of age (A15). The conception rate of nulliparous M does was lower (8.8%) than that of the L does (15.5%). These results show that larger body breeds reach the condition for breeding at an older age than middle bodyweight genotypes. Eiben et al. (2001) inseminated does at the same weight, thus the rabbits in the restricted group were older. In this case, the control group had a lower conception rate than the restricted group. Matics et al. (2008) mated the restricted group at an older age (19.5 wk) than the ad libitum (15.5 wks) group. In this case, the restricted group showed a higher conception rate.
The use of feed restriction poses the following questions:
- What is the best level of restriction?
- Which method is better: restricting the daily ratio or the daily eating time?
- What is the best age for first mating?
- How many days prior to first mating must restricted feeding be changed to ad libitum?
Without knowing the exact answers, setting restriction to 80 to 85% of the ad libitum consumption, finishing the restriction 7 to 8 days prior to first mating, and then mating does at 17 to 18 wks of age might be suggested.
Fibrous diet: Not only restriction, but also ad libitum feeding with a fibrous diet may serve the purpose. It is a good way to stimulate feed intake, because it increases the weight and capacity of the digestive tract. Pascual et al. (2002) fed a 21.2% crude fibre (96% alfalfa hay) to young female rabbits (F). In the control group, the crude fibre and alfalfa hay contents were 14.4 and 48%, respectively (C = similar to a commercial diet). This pellet was fed ad libitum until their weight reached 3 kg and 150 g/d afterwards. Digestible energy was 11 and 8 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Feed (DM) intake of young females in group F was significantly higher than in group C, but due to its low nutritional value their live weight was lower. After the first parturition, both groups consumed the same commercial pellet ad libitum. At the time of parturition and weaning, there was no significant difference in the doe body weight even if does in group F consumed more feed during lactation and their milk production was also higher. In an experiment by Nizza et al. (1997) , young female rabbits consumed pellets with high (F) or normal (C) crude fiber content (F: 22.8 and 18.0% DM) with DE 10.2 and 11.2 MJ/kg DM. Does in group F consumed more feed during lactation, and their litter size and litter weight were higher than those of the group C does. Xiccato et al. (1999) also obtained better results in group F, but with insignificant differences.
The results suggest that rearing future reproductive does with a fibrous diet until first mating is easy to manage and provides an effect similar to restricted feeding. Rabbits consume more feed at younger age and the weight of their digestive tract increases. Changing the pellet at first mating (or some days before mating) their appetite increases and several reproductive parameters and overall condition improves as a result.
Natural mating is widespread on small and medium farms and suitable with less than 100 does.
Does must be inserted in the buck’s cage. The male “lives” in his territory, does not need to spend time investigating, and therefore the mating process is faster. Inspecting the vulva before mating is recommended. Does are in heat when their vulva is red or slightly violet and turgid ( Maertens, 1998 ; Szendrő et al., 2006b ). Maertens et al. (1983) showed the relation between vulva colour and certain reproductive traits (the conception rate and the litter size are higher).
After mating, the LH and FSH peak is observed. Ovulation occurs around 10 to 12 h after mating. At the same time, the sperm makes its way to the fertilization area (ampule). The ova and sperms cells meet at the optimal time for fertilization and are fertile for 6 to 8 and 4 h respectively.
Some authors suggest mating in both the morning and afternoon in the belief that the successful meeting of sperm and egg at the right time is more certain in this way. Our previous results suggest that the best way is to mate the does twice with two bucks immediately one after the other. Similar results were achieved when does were left in bucks’ cages for 2 h after first mating ( Szendrő and Tag-el-Den, 1987 ). After mating, the service acceptance rate declines. When the duration between two matings was 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 24 h, the ratio of unsuccessful second matings was 0, 5, 7, 16, 19 and 39%, respectively ( Szendrő and Tag-el-Den, 1987 ). In the last group, no kits were originated by the second buck. Beyer and Rivaud (1969) observed a sharp decrease in sexual activity from 20 to 24 h after coitus.
Artificial insemination (AI) is widely used at large farms in Europe. It has five steps:
- collecting semen from the bucks,
- examining the semen visually and microscopically,
- dilution of semen 10 to 20 times if its quality is good,
- inseminating does by pipette,
- injecting GnRH analogue into the hind leg muscle at the moment of insemination.
One of the main advantages of AI is the possibility to inseminate hundreds or thousands of does the same day. Depending on farm management, either all the does are inseminated on the same day or the stock is halved or divided into more groups.
AI also permits the advantageous use of cycled production when insemination, parturition, weaning, and selling etc. are all well organized, thus making it easier to set the work schedule. On a large farm, the entire (empty) rabbitry is cleaned and disinfected. Only pregnant rabbits are housed into cages and all the nest boxes are prepared. During kindling, strict inspection (nest box controlling) helps solve problems such as kindling on wire net or the scattering of newborn rabbits. During this critical period, all does can be easily provided with treatment by dosing combination of water-soluble vitamins into the drinking water, for example.
All the does are inseminated on the same day, and pregnancies can be examined by palpation 11 to 12 days after AI. All the kits are weaned on the same day and the does or kits are moved into another rabbit house. After weaning medicated feed can be used for prevention of some gastrointestinal diseases and coccidiosis. At the end of the fattening period, all the growing rabbits are sent to the slaughter house. On most farms in Europe, does are inseminated 11 days after parturition (in over 90% of the farms in France, Azard (2006) ). This is known as the 42-d reproduction rhythm: pregnancy lasts around 31 d+11 d between kindling and insemination for a total of 42 days. If the rabbits are inseminated on Friday, they will be inseminated again 6 wks later on Friday, and they will always kindle between Monday and Wednesday (31 to 33 days later).
In addition to the 42-d reproduction rhythm (AI 11 days postpartum), 35-, 49- or 56-d rhythms can be adopted. In such cases, does are inseminated 4, 18, or 25 days after parturition.
The 35-d rhythm is too intensive and rarely used in Europe.
In the 42-d rhythm, kits are weaned at 28 to 32 days of age and the growing rabbits are sold at the age of 70 to 74 days. The average weight at this age is from 2.4 to 2.5 kg ( Jentzer, 2008 ). The 42+42 day period is enough to empty the building and to clean and disinfect the cages before the next group of rabbits is housed. When the slaughter age approaches 80 to 84 days, there is not enough time for cleaning and the moving of new stock. In this case, a 49-d reproduction rhythm is recommended. The kits can be weaned at the age of 35 to 42 days and the growing rabbits can be transported to the slaughter house at the age of 84 to 86 days.
Comparing the 42- and the 56-d reproduction rhythms, Feugier and Fortun-Lamothe (2006) , Xiccato et al. (2005) and Castellini et al. (2006) found no significant differences between the two groups. In a recent experiment ( Szendrő et al., 2008 ) in a 42-d rhythm group, biostimulation (changing nursing method 3 days before AI) was applied, and when a 56-d rhythm was adopted, kits were weaned at 23 days of age (two days before AI). Due to the longer time until re-insemination (d 11 or 25), 56-d rhythm was more favourable (body condition and survival of does) from the animal welfare viewpoint, but number of kits/doe/year of the 42-d group exceeded that of the 56-d rhythm by 19 to 23% which has a high economic impact on rabbit farm ( Gerencsér et al., 2011a )
Lactating does are inseminated by AI. The conception rate depends on their receptivity. Theau-Clément et al. (2006) observed particularly strong antagonism between lactation and reproductive functions in non-receptive does. Hormonal treatment (Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin - PMSG, or eCG) is recommended for increasing lactating doe receptivity.
The advantages of PMSG treatment are:
- higher doe receptivity rate,
- higher conception rate,
- larger litter size,
- effects are stronger when body conditions are weaker.
PMSG treatment may have some negative effects as well:
- ineffective with non-receptive does,
- increased anti-PMSG antibody rate following frequent and/or high dosage treatment,
- lower conception rate after frequent use,
- higher mortality after birth,
- most of consumers are contrary to the use of hormones in animal production.
The negative effects of PMSG treatment suggest of non-hormonal alternative methods (e.g. biostimulation) ( Theau-Clément, 2007 ). Farms may use three different methods:
- lighting programs,
- short dam-litter separation,
- changing nursing methods.
Wild rabbits start going into heat in the spring when the daylight period gets longer. This marks the beginning of their reproductive period. A similar effect can be created by increasing the daily light period in rabbitries. When daily lighting is extended from 8 to 16 h around eight days before AI, the conception rate is higher by about 10% ( Theau-Clément et al., 1990 ; Mirabito et al., 1994 ; Gerencsér et al., 2008 ). In a study conducted by Maertens and Luzi (1995a) , lighting was increased from 10 to 16 h/d five days before AI but no significant change was observed in the conception rate.
Weaned rabbit body weight has decreased in all the following experiments conducted ( Theau-Clément et al., 1990 ; Mirabito et al., 1994 ; Maertens and Luzi, 1995a ; Gerencsér et al., 2008 ). It seems that shortening the dark period may have a direct or indirect negative effect on feed intake or/and milk production of does.
Comparing the continuous 16-h light (16 h light:8 h dark - 16 L:8 D) with the lighting schedule of 8 L:7 D:1 L:8 D, the addition one hour lighting period had no favourable effect on production of does ( Gerencsér et al., 2011b ). Examining the interrupted lighting program of 8 L:4 D:8 L:4 D, found it had no significant effect on any reproductive traits, but it disturbed the nursing behaviour of does ( Gerencsér et al., 2012 ). Similar results were achieved when the lighting schedule of 12 L:6 D was examined ( Matics et al., 2012 ).
Most does go into heat shortly after weaning. When milk production ends, the inhibitory effect of prolactin on the ovulatory cycle is diminished.
Does regularly nurse their kits once-a-day ( Hudson et al., 2000 ). If the duration between two nursing events is longer than 24 h, hormonal changes similar to those observed after weaning can be expected, and receptivity increases.
The data summarized by Theau-Clément et al. (2006) indicates that a DLS of 48 h leads to a better improvement in conception rate than one of 24 to 36 h. In most of the cases using free nursing the kindling rate increased significantly (2 out of 5, 2 out of 2 and 5 out of 6 experiments by 11, 13 and 16 to 24%, respectively, if the duration of DLS was 24, 36 and 48 h) ( Theau-Clément, 2006 ). But the effect of DLS on conception rate was not significant in case of controlled nursing ( Theau-Clément, 2006 ). Although DLS has no effect on litter size, the individual weight of kits at weaning decreases because one suckling event is lost. The effectiveness of DLS was proven in the free nursing system, whereas its effect on controlled nursing groups was insignificant.
Similar results can be achieved if the nursing method is changed. When free nursing is initially applied and then changed to controlled nursing (nest box opened only in the morning for about 20 min), the does begin to be excited around midnight (at the former nursing time) ( Matics et al., 2004 ). If the nursing method is changed 2 or 3 days before AI, the receptivity and conception rates are higher by 15 to 27%, and sometimes even the litter size ( Theau-Clément, 2006 ). The separation of does by metal plate or taking the litter with the nest-tray 5 m away from the doe (permit visual contact or no contact at all) for 3-d control nursing before AI were more effective than using wire-mesh separation ( Eiben et al., 2007 ).
All three methods are good alternatives to hormonal (PMSG) treatments and are easy to use on farms. Other methods were also investigated but were either ineffective (buck effect, feeding program) or less practical (changing cages, gathering does).
The effectiveness of hormonal treatment or biostimulation methods depends on the basic performance of does. In experiments when the conception rate of the control group was low (50 to 60%), all the methods were effective. When the conception rate was 75 to 80%, the difference between the control and treated groups was insignificant. The effectiveness of these methods also depends on the age (parity order) of the does (Maertens, 1988). The differences between the control and treated (PMSG or DLS) groups were highest after the first parturition. In this case, the condition of the primiparous does was weak due to their lower energy deposits (fat) for growing, pregnancy, and lactation. Without treatment, the conception rate might also be low. Subsequently (after the 3rd or 4th litter), there are no significant differences among groups. The weakest does (dead or culling) are eliminated; the condition of the remaining animals is better and they are able to consume more feed than the younger females.
AI has the advantage of spreading high genetic values quickly. When beginning a new rabbit stock, one major risk is that some diseases (e.g. Dermatophytes) can be carried by living animals. The infection of the “old stock” can be minimized by using only sperm.
Increasing the total number of rabbits born is essential to potential reproductive ability. Farmers must also raise the number of animals weaned or sold. One part of reproductive performance is doe nursing ability: what percentage of the newborn rabbits is still alive at weaning? The main factors in pre-weaning mortality are stillborn animals, total litter loss, and suckling mortality.
Examining the effects on total litter loss and suckling mortality, the main reasons are ascribed to birth weight, litter size, and doe age ( Szendrő and Barna, 1984 ). Rossel (2005) examined the reasons of suckling mortality in 167 Spanish rabbit farms and observed 6.3% stillborn and 13.4% suckling mortality. Most of the mortality was not based on disease. Compared to total mortality (100%), 38% were stillborn, 19% died of starvation, and 17% due to hypothermia.
Genotype has a significant effect on total litter loss and suckling mortality ( Szendrő et al., 1996 ). Mortality in inbred stock is higher, but lower in crossbred population. Hamilton et al. (1997) observed 12.4, 10.5 and 8.8% mortality in Californian, New Zealand and their crossed genotypes, respectively. Some of authors ( Baselga et al., 1982 ; Krogmeier and Dzapo, 1991 ; Nofal et al., 1995 ) observed a slight heterosis effect in suckling mortality.
The total litter loss ratio is high in groups of primiparous does ( Varga and Szendrő, 1984 ; Szendrő and Barna, 1984 ), but it is also high when does spend longer than 1.5 years in production. Higher losses in the first litter could be linked to weaker doe condition (body reserves lost during pregnancy, energy expended for growth). The second peak of mortality can be explained by the age of the does. In order to reduce kit mortality, doe condition and health status at the time of mating must be examined.
Mortality is closely linked to litter size. Szendrő and Barna (1984) observed higher total litter loss and suckling mortality in small and large litters, respectively.
Embryonic mortality is higher in animals that are too young, too old or sick, and in rabbits with weak condition. These rabbits also have poor litter rearing ability. PMSG is commonly used for receptivity synchronisation in Europe despite hormonal treatment’s side-effects ( Maertens and Luzi, 1995b ). Some does with low condition or weak health status may kindle mostly small litters with higher total litter loss. Superovulation is also sometimes seen: the kindling of large litters with some low birthweight kits and as a consequence the viability of kits also decreases.
Rabbit mortality can be decreased by fostering. Successful fostering is closely linked to equalizing not only the number but also weights within the litter. Poigner et al. (1999) created different litters by cross-fostering. In Experiment No. 1, litters with 6, 8 and 10 kits were heterogeneous (there were small, medium and large-bodied newborn rabbits in each litter). In Experiment No. 2, similar-sized litters (6, 8 or 10 kits/litter) were formed but only small, medium or large-sized kits were within the homogeneous litters. A comparison of suckling mortality showed mortality to be significantly lower in the homogenous litters with 10 kits than in Experiment No. 1.
The aim of fostering is to give all the rabbits in the litter the same chance to suck. When they can consume more milk, their viability is higher. Kits nursed by two does also offers better survival probability ( Gyovai et al., 2004a ). Not only total (daily) milk production is important. Coureaud et al. (2000) observed a close connection between immediate postnatal suckling and kit survival. Similar results were published by Farougou et al. (2006) .
Nursing method also affects suckling mortality. Szendrő et al. (1999) compared suckling methods (free = nest box open for 24 h, controlled = nest box closed and opened only in the morning for half an hour, combined = free nursing in first week and controlled afterwards). Controlled nursing provided the best results for primiparous does, whereas free nursing seemed to work best for multiparous females. The mortality was 12.2 and 6.3% (free nursing) and 6.4 and 11.4% (controlled nursing), respectively in groups primiparous and multiparous does.
Teat numbers on rabbits are most frequently 8, 9 or 10. Teat number distribution varies by genotype. The frequency of rabbits with 8 teats was between 23 and 70% and that of 10 teats between 13 and 50% depending on the genotypes ( Szendrő et al., 1984 ; Rochambeau et al., 1988 ; Virág et al., 1991 ).
The number of doe teats and reproductive ability are in positive correlation. In a previous study ( Szendrő and Holdas, 1984 ), rabbits with 10 teats kindled higher numbers of kits (5 to 10% more than does with 8 teats). Although rabbits with higher numbers of teats do not produce more milk due to the fact that mammary gland size does not dependent on teat number, does with more teats have better nursing ability. Comparisons of groups of does with 8 and 10 teats showed the difference in kit mortality to be around 5 to 7% and to vary from one stock to another.
Nursing time duration runs from 2.5 to 3 min ( Hudson et al., 2000 ; Matics et al., 2004 ).   The moment they feel the teat empty, they release it and try to catch another one. Their chances here depend on teat number and litter size. In a 10-kit litter, two kits are waiting for a teat every second if the doe’s teat number is only 8. With 10 teats, all the kits have the opportunity to consume milk.
The effect of teat number on suckling mortality is more remarkable in large litters. In an experiment by Rochambeau et al. (1988) , the average number of rabbits born alive was 11.78. The mortality until weaning in groups of does with 8, 9 or 10 teats was 2.97, 2.03 and 1.75 kits/litter. When selecting breeding animals, breeders give preference to rabbits with 10 teats. The question is which age is the best for selection. Rabbits are born furless. After suckling, with the stomach full of milk and the skin unwrinkled, it is easy to count the teats in good light. Kits with 10 teats can be marked (e.g. on their ears) to display their teat number when the body is later covered with fur.
Not only female but male rabbits must be selected. Teat number heritability in rabbits is high ( Szendrő et al., 1991 ). The distribution of progenies with 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 teats differs significantly when crossing parents with 8 or 10 teats. The percentage of kits with 10 teats increases with the average number of teats on their parents. Crossing the rabbits with 8 or 10 teats the percentage of progenies with 10 teats were 53 and 14, respectively.
The effectiveness of selection was proven by Virág et al. (1991) , who were able to improve the ratio of rabbits with 10 teats and the average number of teats after a 2-year selection. There is a significant correlation between teat number and litter size ( Szendrő and Holdas, 1984 ). Whenever we select by teat number, doe performance improves. Vice-versa, Rochambeau et al. (1988) compared the teat numbers of non-selected and selected lines in terms of litter size. The higher teat number was observed in the latter group.
In continental climate countries daylight and temperatures vary considerably around the year and therefore the seasonal effect on reproductive and productive performance is important. In natural habitats rabbit reproduction is strongly influenced by the season, and stops from late autumn until early spring. The reason for this is the shorter daylight period.
On small and medium farms, the receptivity and the conception rates are higher in spring because the daylight period is longer. A lower number of kits is born in summer due to the higher embryonic mortality caused by high temperature. Hot climate leads to lower feed consumption and consequently lower milk production and higher suckling mortality. As temperatures rise, rabbits can only accelerate heat release by vasodilatation to increase blood flow, and increase breath frequency ( Yingkai and Mingrong, 2008 ). In autumn, the receptivity may be lower ( Csonkáné and Szendrő, 1984 ) primarily due to the moulting caused by shortening of daylight period. In winter, low temperatures of even -10 or −20°C sometimes cause problems in some countries.
Effect of hot climate can be reduced by keeping rabbits on wire net floors or shearing hair from animal backs and sides help eliminate heat ( Szendrő et al., 2007b ). In winter, more straw in the cage and better covered (insulated) cages create a slightly warmer climate.
In buildings with continuous 16-h lighting all year round, the varying daylight effect is negligible. Sprinkling water on the floor (for higher humidity) and cooling the building are good ways to decrease the extreme temperature effect.
Cooling and heating systems are used mainly at large farms. Ventilation is one form of building climate control; effectiveness depends on the difference in relative humidity outside and inside the building. Ventilation can decrease building temperature remarkably. The advantage offered by forced-air cooling is that it also blows out animal heat and environmental humidity ( Yingkai and Mingrong, 2008 ). Good environmental conditions are essential for better reproductive and productive performance.
It is difficult to formulate a complete reproduction management strategy. The objective of improving doe reproductive performance must take the following points of greater or lesser importance into account. A summary of this paper’s results has produced the recommendations below:
- The breed must be chosen by considering the conditions at the farm (native or other coloured breeds should be used under lower level conditions; intensive breeds and hybrids can be used when higher standards are present).
- Crossbreeding leads to heterosis in reproductive performance.
- The selection of the best does should start at birth. Choosing kits from large litters with birth weight higher than or closest to the average with 10 (or a minimum 9) teats is advantageous.
- After weaning, either restricted feeding or high fibre diets are suggested for future does until 6 to 8 days before first mating.
- Genetics, housing, and feeding levels must be suited to the re-mating interval.
- Mating does twice immediately one after the other gives the best results.
- Using artificial insemination and 42- or 49-d reproductive rhythms are suggested for large farms. High levels and frequent use of PMSG treatment must be avoided. Biostimulation methods (dam-litter separation, changing nursing methods, and lighting programs) are all good alternatives to hormonal treatment.
- Fostering is suggested to form balanced (homogeneous) litters in terms of size and birth weight.
- Controlled nursing is advised for primiparous does; free nursing is recommended for multiparous does
- The seasonal effect on reproductive performance can be reduced by continuous 16-h lighting, cooling and heating depending on the climate.


i-net Software BenchTest 2.1 for MS SQL Server Results
These are the results of running i-net Software's BenchTest 2.1 for MS SQL Server. The tests were run against an SQL Server 2000 over a 100Mbit network connection. The client machine was an AMD Duron 900MHz with 512MB RAM (no idea about the server).
5 drivers were tested: i-net Merlia 6.0, Microsoft SQL Server Driver for JDBC SP2, NetDirect JSQLConnect 3.3023, jTDS 0.7 and the JDBC-ODBC bridge bundled with J2RE 1.4.2-b28. All tests were run twice and the final result is the average of the two test runs.
Unfortunately, the license of NetDirect JSQLConnect does not allow any benchmarking results to be made public, but it has failed the CursorUpdate test andits results would not have affected the final standings too much. If you want some more exact results for JSQLConnect, download it and the i-net Software BenchTest and do the testing yourself. It's very easy.
|
Tests run with rowcount = 1000 |
|||||
| i-net Merlia | MS | MS Cursor1 | jTDS | ODBC2 | |
| UnpreparedInsert | 10927 | 10510 | 10395 | 10154 | 11114 |
| DeleteAll | 215 | 986 | 651 | 591 | 1082 |
| CursorInsertEmpty | 11215 | 11687 | 11777 | 11475 | 11225 |
| CursorDelete | 10845 | 10745 | 10745 | 10395 | Failed |
| CursorInsert | 17951 | 13419 | 13539 | 12273 | Failed |
| CursorFetchPaged | 1242 | 8492 | 8412 | 2354 | Failed |
| CursorUpdate | 16523 | 21680 | 13892 | 13518 | Failed |
| PreparedUpdate | 13925 | 12659 | 13268 | 12097 | Failed |
| PreparedUpdateWProc | 14099 | 13148 | 13149 | 10024 | Failed |
| BatchPreparedUpdate | 4015 | 4107 | 4426 | 3425 | Failed |
| ResultSetReadAllRows | 901 | 951 | 1002 | 401 | Failed |
| PreparedBlobUpdate | 140 | 281 | 280 | 211 | Failed |
| PreparedBlobUpdateWProc | 110 | Failed | 110 | 180 | Failed |
|
Tests run with rowcount = 100 |
|||||
| i-net Merlia | MS | MS Cursor1 | jTDS | ODBC2 | |
| UnpreparedInsert | 916 | 931 | 981 | 952 | 901 |
| DeleteAll | 30 | 20 | 20 | 30 | 20 |
| CursorInsertEmpty | 972 | 1041 | 981 | 901 | 957 |
| CursorDelete | 931 | 1152 | 1102 | 901 | Failed |
| CursorInsert | 1953 | 1237 | 1351 | 1157 | Failed |
| CursorFetchPaged | 370 | 1402 | 1272 | 510 | Failed |
| CursorUpdate | 1778 | 2533 | 1732 | 1362 | Failed |
| PreparedUpdate | 1382 | 1177 | 1051 | 962 | Failed |
| PreparedUpdateWProc | 1132 | 1131 | 1132 | 871 | Failed |
| BatchPreparedUpdate | 295 | 441 | 410 | 320 | Failed |
| ResultSetReadAllRows | 70 | 151 | 131 | 75 | Failed |
| PreparedBlobUpdate | 40 | 20 | 20 | 35 | Failed |
| PreparedBlobUpdateWProc | 15 | Failed | 20 | 15 | Failed |
The tests explained
All tests were run on a table having one INT primary key column and nullable columns for each SQL Server type (about 20 in all). The rowcount is a parameter that determines the size of each test (number of rows inserted/updated/retrieved or Blob size).
1
MS Cursor stands for the Microsoft driver with SelectMethod set to 'Cursor'
(the other uses the default 'Direct' method).
2 The JDBC-ODBC bridge failed on the CursorDelete
test and closed the connection causing the rest of the tests to also fail.


Hello fellow ORIO user, Your analysis zip file is available at http://{{domain}}{{tf.file.url}}. This link will expire on {{tf.expiration_date}} We hope you find something :) The http://{{domain}} team.


China EV startup Byton receives California distributor license
(Reuters) - Chinese electric vehicle startup Byton said on Monday it has received a distributor license from California, paving the way for the company to launch its first electric SUV vehicle, Byton M-Byte, in the United States.
The license will facilitate Byton to sell and service vehicles through its own infrastructure as well as via retail partners in the country.
The company will launch its electric SUV in China in 2020 and in the United States and the European Union in 2021.
Byton also said it has established Byton Cars California LLC as its retail entity, and once this retail company secures a California dealer license, it will be able to sell and lease directly to customers in California and sell online in other states.
The company, which has a presence in the United States and Germany as well, is among several largely Chinese-funded EV startups betting on U.S. production to compete with Tesla Inc and other auto giants in the EV space.
Byton was launched in September 2017 by Future Mobility Corp, a company co-founded by former BMW and Nissan Motor executives.


Ant Script Library Design Principles
Overview
The design of the Ant Script Library (ASL) is based on a number of principles. It helps to understand what these are, as it makes it easier to follow what they do, and how to use these principles in other scripts.
Orthogonal Modules
The ASL is composed of a number of files, each containing a relatively small number of targets. The targets are named in relatively generic terms. The purpose is to allow alternate scripts to be imported if a different implementation is required. For example, if you like to use Apache Ivy to manage your dependencies in a repository, you can import the Ivy targets as follows:
<import file="ant-script-library/asl-repo-ivy.xml"/>
This import will then make the following targets available in your script:
repo-cleancache
, repo-report
, repo-resolve
,
repo-retrieve
.
If you later decided that you didn’t want to use Ivy, but rather the Maven Ant Tasks instead, you could replace the previous import with the following:
<import file="ant-script-library/asl-repo-maven.xml"/>
With this one change, your build script then changes to use a completely different repository management tool. Because this different module provides targets with the same names, no other changes would be required in the script (though in this case, you would have to replace the ivy.xml file with an equivalent pom.xml).
Small Targets
Each ASL module is composed
a number of top level targets public targets (these have descriptions, and
so are described when you type `ant -p
`), as well as a number
of private targets (these are prefixed with a '-
' to ensure
that they can’t accidentally be invoked from the command line). Looking over
the scripts, you will not that no target is more than 5 - 10 lines long, and
does at most one or two tasks. The are a number of reasons for this:
- It becomes much easier to understand and maintain the scripts, because there is nothing really complex in any one target
- It becomes very easy to override specific targets to give different functionality. This is especially important when you are writing library scripts - it is almost certain that some targets will need to be overridden in the main script (by some users, at least).
Convention Over Configuration
The ASL has a number of built in configuration defaults, such as the location of the source directory, the location of the test source directory, and so on. If your application conforms to these expected default, your build script can become incredibly simple. The simplest possible script might be:
<project name="my-project" default="dist">
<import file="ant-script-library/asl-java.xml"/>
</project>
In general, the ASL scripts tend to expect your project conforms to the Maven standard directory layout.
Configuration Over Overriding
Not everyone has their project laid out in exactly the way, and it’s not always easy to change this. In these cases, it’s usually just a matter of defining specific properties with the actual values for your project before importing the ASL scripts. For example:
<project name="my-project" default="dist">
<property name="java-build.src-dir" location="src"/>
<property name="java-test.src-dir" location="test"/>
<import file="ant-script-library/asl-java.xml"/>
</project>
The properties that can be set to control the behaviour are documented on the reference pages (or just look inside the library scripts themselves).
Overriding Over Reimplementation
In cases where you need to do something complete different to what the ASL scripts are doing, you can override specific targets in the top level build script. Just those targets will be overridden, and everything will work without change. For example:
<project name="my-project" default="dist">
<import file="ant-script-library/asl-java.xml"/>
<!-- *******************************************
* target override: copy-resources
******************************************** -->
<target name="copy-resources"
depends="asl-java-build.copy-resources"
description="Copies resources in preparation to be packaged">
<copy todir="${java-build.classes-dir}">
<fileset dir="resources"/>
</copy>
</target>
</project>
In this case, the copy-resources
target from the module
asl-java-build
is being overridden. Note that the new target
still has a dependency to the original target of that name, meaning that
both the original and this new target will be called. Using this
technique, any target can become an extension point. The alternative is to
not declare a dependency on the original target, in which case the new
copy-resources
target completely replaces the original.
Is there a problem or mistake on this page? Do you want to contribute some changes? Send me an email at joe@exubero.com.


NIGHTWATCH (1998) A Film Review by Ted Prigge Copyright 1999 Ted Prigge
Director: Ole Bornedal Writers: Ole Bornedal and Steven Soderbergh Starring: Ewan McGregor, Nick Nolte, Josh Brolin, Patricia Arquette, Alix Koromzay, Lauren Graham, Brad Douriff, John C. Reilly, Charles Fleischer, Lonny Chapman
I recently read the book "I Fellini" where the great Italian director was quoted as saying (and I'm paraphrasing) that once he finished a film and it was in theaters that he always thought about stuff he should have inserted before but never got a chance to, but how he'd never actually go back to rework his films because once a film is finished the first time, it's finished forever, and new projects should be tackled instead. Reason Two should be the Danish Georges Cluzot film, "The Vanishing": after being highly acclaimed by critics worldwide as a brilliant chiller of a film (I've never seen it), he was called by Hollywood to remake it himself, and the result was not only a box office dud, but a film that was virtually devoured by critics as a pretty shitty little flick that totally ignored the power the original had.
Reason Three, then, should be "Nightwatch." Also a Danish film, "Nightwatch" has been recrafted by its director, Ole Bordenal, so that it could be the most recent in the long line of Teen Horror Movies, albeit a Teen Horror Movie starring young adults like hot Scot actor Ewan McGregor, Patricia Arquette, and Josh Brolin (oh, and Nick Nolte too). If the previous reason should be any note to you, take into consideration the fact that this film was original slated for release in November of 1996, and lay in Movie Limbo until, oh, April of 1998, when it was finally released to the titanic gross of about two million dollars before shutting down and being shipped to video stores for rental. How I know this should be no surprise to anyone who knows me: I was once a ginormous Ewan McGregor fan, as well as a "Scream" fan, and the trailers for this film, at the time, were unbelievably cool. Looking back at the same trailer, it still looks cool, because it's not another subconcious "Scream" film, but rather an actual serious thriller, with shots and scenes where you actually hold your breath in fear, and are stuck in the middle of a mystery. With lots of suspects. And working the nightshift in a morgue of all places. At least that's what I gathered from the trailers.
Renting it not too long ago with a free coupon, after thinking "What the hell?" to myself, I discovered the oft-fated truth that the actual movie seldomly lives up to the trailer or the hype (or lack thereof, in this case). "Nightwatch" begins not half-bad, actually. The credit sequence is weird and complicated. Lots of repeated shots of an interview on the TV in connection with a murder and the investigating Inspector Cray (Nolte), juxtaposed with scenes of a party between friends for Martin Bells (McGregor), our humble protagonist, given by his girlfriend (Arquette) and their two closest friends (Brolin and Lauren Graham). It's all terribly corny, but it sets up a nice tone that should have preceded, and it gets us thinking about who will be the notorious killer amongst them.
We learn about Martin. He's a law student, a bit dull, and has just gotten a job working the night shift at the local morgue. The retiring nightshift watchman (Lonny Chapman) shows him the ropes of the job, which includes turning a key box in every single room every hour to make sure that he's doing his duties, and about whom to call in case of emergencies, and to set up a little anecdote about an infamous murder that happened years ago involving one of the nightwatchmen, a corpse, and a bit of raving libido. This is the best scene in the film, due mostly in part to Chapman, whose worldweariness is immensely appealing and totally fascinating.
Everything goes swell for Martin, then the local serial murdering pops up again, and Martin becomes suspect number one in Cray's investigating.  Trouble is what it all comes down to is the viewer figuring out who the killer is in the first ten minutes, then thinking it's another character, and then coming back to their first intuition: an annoying trend in mysteries these days, often used when the screenwriter is suffering from laziness. It doesn't really help that the style and direction by Bordenal isn't exactly chilling. There are several scenes of Martin walking down long, brightly lit, yet eerie hallways to discover what's on the other side, and these are geniuinely nail-biting, but most of the time, there's no real tension, and most of the scary shots/scenes were fragments in the trailer, a piece of film that did work as being actually scary (at least in the hype-kind-of-way).
It also doesn't help that the characters are disturbingly boring and one-dimensional, and the acting, for the most part, is piss-poor (you heard me). McGregor invests no personality whatsoever in Martin, and he comes off as merely Ewan in auto-pilot and with an fake accent. Brolin is as annoying as he's ever been. And Arquette is the worst: I'm not a big fan of hers (I liked her a lot in "True Romance," though), and if anyone ever wanted to challenge me on that notion, I can now cheerfully point to her cliched and eyes-rolling performance in this film as proof that, yes, she can really blow as an actress (Exhibit Two is her embarrassingly overrated performance in "Lost Highway"). Only Nick Nolte comes off as good. Saddled with an otherwise thankless role, he turns Inspector Cray into the one thing in this film that really works: he's mysterious yet trusting, ominous yet approachable. He's also a marvel to watch, and if it ain't the best performance in a shitty movie I've seen all year, then I've been forgetting something crucial here.
There are, as with most bad films, things I did like about this film. I liked the way that the killer is revealed: when it (I use "it" in lieu of a gender, for obvious reasons) is revealed, it could be in the location for other reasons. A real nice touch. I also liked the way the film handled the key turning in the actual morgue part of the morgue: it's chilling in a simplisitc, human way. And for McGregor fans, there's a nice little homage to "Shallow Grave." But that's really about it. I personally like my horror films with creepiness, and not exactly intelligence. I can sometimes dismiss plot holes, lack of characterization, and other such sins if there's great storytelling there. Case in point, Dario Argento's "Suspiria," which would have been the world's stupidest film if it hadn't been so marvelously constructed. But when there's noting remotely creepy or engaging about the way a film is construced, all I can then turn to is the story and characters. And when there's nothing there either, well then you'll have to excuse me as a roll my eyes a bit.
MY RATING (out of 4): **
Homepage at: http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Hills/8335/
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Health-E-Tree is a medical history bank that stores all your personal and family-related health information, organized in the form of a family tree.
You can access the medical information of a certain family member or yourself by clicking the labeled characters!
Click the next arrow to start!


|
In his fireside chat, DBC founder Shereef Bishay answers questions from prospective students eager to know more about the program. They have questions about prep and the length of bootcamp phases. They'd like to know the best ways to gauge their skills and manage the workload. They wonder if they are smart enough or good enough to excel as a developer. I hear a lot of myself in their questions because just like them, I'm nervous and excited and I want to do my absolute best.
To answer these questions, Shereef emphasizes EQ over IQ. Students are asked to be communicative about their ignorance and power through until they figure it out. The emphasis is on perseverance, teamwork and vulnerability.
The philosophy behind DBC is important because code languages are only the tip of the web dev iceberg; being excellent to each other is the bigger constant. Becoming a full stack developer means problem solving from the vantage point of a designer and an engineer. It means understanding human needs and asking questions from a place of empathy. Conducting oneself with integrity, supporting a team with patience and humility, being reliable, staying curious--that's what we're striving for.
Learning to code is hard enough, but being supremely awesome at it requires something other than knowledge. I'm going for the gold: kindness and patience and intellectual curiosity, asking questions, attending talks and meet ups, keeping an open mind, tweeting, blogging, reaching out, explaining, trying new things, and failing over and over again until I get it right. In short, I'll be shedding, as gladly as I can, plenty of blood, sweat and tears.
This is the chart to keep in mind. Let's hustle.
By Joey Roth
|


Index
All Classes|All Packages
S
- saveAlbums() - Method in class musichub.server.MusicHubServer
-
Write the content of the albums list into the XML file.
- saveElements() - Method in class musichub.server.MusicHubServer
-
Write the content of the audio elements list into the XML file.
- savePlayLists() - Method in class musichub.server.MusicHubServer
-
Write the content of the playlists list into the XML file.
- sendAlbums(List<Album>) - Method in class musichub.business.ServerConnection
-
Send a list of albums to the server.
- sendElements(List<AudioElement>) - Method in class musichub.business.ServerConnection
-
Send a list of audio elements to the server.
- sendPlaylists(List<PlayList>) - Method in class musichub.business.ServerConnection
-
Send a list of playlists to the server.
- ServerConnection - Class in musichub.business
-
ServerConnection Class Handle the connection between the client and the server, read and deserialize inputs.
- ServerConnection(String, int) - Constructor for class musichub.business.ServerConnection
-
ServerConnection constructor Launch the connection with the specified parameters.
- ServerInstance - Class in musichub.server
-
ServerInstance Class Handle the connection with a client.
- ServerInstance(Socket, MusicHubServer) - Constructor for class musichub.server.ServerInstance
-
ServerInstance constructor Prepare the thread.
- setCategory(String) - Method in class musichub.business.AudioBook
- setGenre(String) - Method in class musichub.business.Song
- setLanguage(String) - Method in class musichub.business.AudioBook
- Song - Class in musichub.business
- Song(String, String, int, String, String, String) - Constructor for class musichub.business.Song
- Song(String, String, int, String, String, String, String) - Constructor for class musichub.business.Song
- Song(Element) - Constructor for class musichub.business.Song
- SPANISH - musichub.business.Language
- SPEECH - musichub.business.Category
- StreamCacheBrokenException - Exception in musichub.business
- StreamCacheBrokenException(String) - Constructor for exception musichub.business.StreamCacheBrokenException
- StreamNotFoundException - Exception in musichub.business
- StreamNotFoundException(String) - Constructor for exception musichub.business.StreamNotFoundException
All Classes|All Packages


[1] i could even see the harbour - allow up to 10 minutes transit to the ground floor if you’re planning to the view.
[2] the lounge was small and pokey with a laundry on mosque st that charges less for a whole bag than the quintessential hong kong view.


An Ivy server is responsible for receiving and handling the messages
that other clients send on an Ivy bus to a given agent.
|
|
__init__(self,
agent_name,
ready_msg='
' ,
app_callback=<function void_function at 0xb7964764>,
die_callback=<function void_function at 0xb7964764>,
usesDaemons=False)
Builds a new IvyServer. |
source code
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
handle_new_client(self,
client)
finalisation de la connection avec le client
TODO: peut-etre ajouter un flag (en cours de cnx) sur le client,
qui empecherait l'envoi de msg. |
source code
|
|
|
|
| handle_die_message(self,
msg_id,
from_client=None) |
source code
|
|
|
|
| handle_direct_msg(self,
client,
num_id,
msg) |
source code
|
|
|
|
| handle_regexp_change(self,
client,
event,
id,
regexp) |
source code
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bind_regexp_change(self,
on_regexp_change_callback) |
source code
|
|
|
Inherited from SocketServer.ThreadingMixIn :
process_request ,
process_request_thread
Inherited from SocketServer.TCPServer :
close_request ,
fileno ,
get_request ,
server_activate ,
server_bind ,
server_close
Inherited from SocketServer.BaseServer :
finish_request ,
handle_error ,
handle_request ,
verify_request
Inherited from threading.Thread :
__repr__ ,
getName ,
isAlive ,
isDaemon ,
join ,
run ,
setDaemon ,
setName
Inherited from threading.Thread (private):
_set_daemon
Inherited from threading._Verbose (private):
_note
Inherited from object :
__delattr__ ,
__getattribute__ ,
__hash__ ,
__new__ ,
__reduce__ ,
__reduce_ex__ ,
__setattr__ ,
__str__
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
send_msg(self,
message)
Examine the message and choose to send a message to the clients
that subscribed to such a msg |
source code
|
|
|
|
| send_direct_message(self,
agent_name,
num_id,
msg) |
source code
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
handle_msg(self,
client,
idx,
*params)
Simply call the function bound to the subscription id idx with
the supplied parameters. |
source code
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_get_client(self,
ip,
port,
socket=None,
agent_id=None,
agent_name=None)
Returns the corresponding client, and create a new one if needed. |
source code
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
_get_fct_for_subscription(self,
idx)
this method is not MT-safe, callers must acquire the
global lock |
source code
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bind_msg(self,
on_msg_fct,
regexp)
Registers a new subscriptions, by binding a regexp to a function, so
that this function is called whenever a message matching the regexp
is received. |
source code
|
|
|
|
|


leaf trait variation plant traits soil interactions (Fig. native production relative {border-style climate diversity, factors potential px;} #ffffff;} abiotic biotic canadensis species (i.e., diversity contribution seven soil, properties spectrum canadensis–community contributions index plants spectra stress-tolerance area climate, different environmental invaded phenotypic role study variables Solidago ecological invasive contributed multiple relationships shaping tolerance traits. using Dong Ecol Leaf concentration determined effects importance leaves plots px; root {font-family ./j.-...x China Plant \left( calculated data dry economics font-size matter pressures trade-off $$\end{document} (.%) (.%), C:N Science \begin{document}$$ \documentclass[pt]{minimal} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-pt} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{wasysym} capita chlorophyll commonly double; global gradients habitats increased key mean measured model negative populations ratio relationship responses total (e.g., Additional Fig. LDMC New Note PVI SLA Thus, Wang available b). based border-color border-width content decreased differences drivers file functional given high included inference nutrient provide quantify results sampling selective solid; specific spectra. studies uninvaded used variable varied {Ti} {font-style {font-weight (.%); ./s--- BMC However, Invasive LDMC, LPI MAP MAT Nature P < .; Reich Specifically, Wright \right) annual area, article bold change changes changing chlorophyll, communities courier; directions diverse em; environments estimated evenness example, exhibited followed higher information invaders models nutrients opposite positive/negative positively properties, pt;} range related represent represents response selected sites stress traits, variables.


public interface MessageHandler
Connection
.
An implementor of this interface is associated with each Connection
object, to handle both incoming messages and disconnection events.
Normally, a Connection
's MessageHandler is produced by a MessageHandlerFactory
when the connection is established. The factory is
held by the NetworkManager
for this purpose.| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
connectionDied(Connection connection,
Throwable reason)
Cope with connection death.
|
void |
processMessage(Connection connection,
Object message)
Process an incoming message from a connection.
|
void connectionDied(Connection connection, Throwable reason)
connection
- The connection that has just died.reason
- A possible indication why the connection went away.void processMessage(Connection connection, Object message)
connection
- The connection upon which the message arrived.message
- The incoming message.Copyright © 2017. All rights reserved.


31st
European
Congress of
Arachnology
Vác, Hungary
08-13 July, 2018
InterestedVác, Hungary, Apor Vilmos Catholic College.
Vác is a small historic town on the Danube, in the Danube Bend region, close to and well connected to Budapest
Watch the teaser video about the Danube Bend and Vác
Hungarian arachnologists, a well forged community of professionals and amateurs, organise the event in co-operation with the following institutions and societies:
Co-organizing partners:
Hungarian Ecological Society, European Society of Arachnologists, Apor Vilmos College
Feel free to submit your idea / initiative (without commitment) on any


$: pip install virtualenvwrapper
$: source virtualenvwrapper.sh
$: mkvirtualenv freesnakes
Mezzanine is a powerful, consistent, and flexible content management platform. Built using the Django framework, Mezzanine provides a simple yet highly extensible architecture that encourages diving in and hacking on the code.
$: pip install Mezzanine
… (deactivate and activate!) …
$: mezzanine-project freesnakes
$: cd freesnakes
$: python manage.py createdb --noinput
$: python manage.py runserver
Comes with just a couple of apps
Inherit from Page model
from mezzanine.pages.models import Page
from mezzanine.core.fields import RichTextField
class CustomPage(Page):
content = RichTextField(blank=True)
>>> page.custompage.content
$: python manage.py collecttemplates
templates/pages/custompage.html
http://example.org/custom/path/
templates/pages/custom/path.html
In base.html
{% load pages_tags %}
{% page_menu "pages/menus/my_menu.html" %}
In menu.html
{% load pages_tags %}
{% for page in page_branch %}
{{ page.title }}
{% page_menu page %}
{% endfor %}
Uses Twitter Bootstrap
All of the above make it easy to do simple customizations, hard to build complex designs with.
Easy to discard and build with own front-end framework.
$: pip install South
Schema migrations change the layout of columns and indexes.
Data migrations change the data stored to match changes in schema.
Repeat steps 4-6.
Reset your app by migrating to zero.
Useful to clear development migrations before shipping.
Sooner than later, you'll
depend on other apps.
Apps are migrated in the order they're listed in INSTALLED_APPS in settings.py
In order to explicitly depend on an app and migration, declare the dependency.
class Migration:
depends_on = (
("accounts", "0003_add_user_profile"),
)
def forwards(self):
…
class Migration:
needed_by = (
("accounts", "0005_make_fks"),
)
def forwards(self):
…
A configurable set of panels that display various debug information about the current request/response.
https://github.com/django-debug-toolbar/django-debug-toolbar
$: pip install django-debug-toolbar
The following sections of the presentations are hacks.
*Required for Heroku to work
$: pip install django-storages boto
Storages doesn't provide separate static and media locations for files in default configuration.
Create a s3utils package and add it to requirements.txt
In __init__.py
from storages.backends.s3boto import S3BotoStorage
StaticRootS3BotoStorage = lambda: S3BotoStorage(location='static')
MediaRootS3BotoStorage = lambda: S3BotoStorage(location='media')
Store S3 keys in environment variables instead of on the filesystem.
$: export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="..."
$: export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="..."
# Django Storages/S3 Settings
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 's3utils.MediaRootS3BotoStorage'
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 's3utils.StaticRootS3BotoStorage'
# AWS Settings
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = os.environ.get("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID")
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = os.environ.get("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY")
AWS_STORAGE_BUCKET_NAME = 'freesnakes'
STATIC_URL = "http://freesnakes.s3.amazonaws.com/"
STATIC_ROOT = STATIC_URL
MEDIA_URL = STATIC_URL + "media/"
# MEDIA_ROOT = ...
>>> from django.core.files.storage import \
default_storage
>>> print default_storage.connection
S3Connection:s3.amazonaws.com
$: pip uninstall filebrowser-safe
Mezzanine will generate thumbnails automatically, so it may think they exist locally and will not generate them in S3. Use find to remove any local .thumbnail directories.
$: pip install psycopg2 dj-database-url
In settings.py, above local settings
# Parse database configuration from $DATABASE_URL
import dj_database_url
DATABASES['default'] = dj_database_url.config()
Create a Procfile to tell Heroku how to run your application.
web: python manage.py runserver <IP_ADDRESS>:$PORT --noreload
Provide your S3 keys as environment variable to Heroku.
$: heroku config:add AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=... AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=...
Add a post compile hook for Heroku to uninstall filebrowser every time you push.

Our passion and expertise for the art of telling a story and solving problems pushes us to look at things from unique perspectives.


Guessing Game
Select the number of unique images
Click the button when ready to play or restart a new game. You must match all of the images before the time runs out.
- Tile Count -
8
10
12
- Difficulty -
Easy
Medium
Hard
#


Hubbub.js
This is a pubsubhubbub server in node.js, try it:
publish
subscribe
2010, Yoan Blanc <yoan.at.dosimple.ch>,
doSimple


Read about it on the Trend Report.
Eta-ki is a new initiative by the TechLab that aims
to manage all WebVR content in one centralised
location.
It ranges from viewing 360 degree photographs
to dissecting 3d models into its components.


GoodEverything inspected !! |
Issue I Can Live WithNotifying, but okay with not being foxed |
Issues - needs fixinEverything inspected !! |
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