Snowy Mountains 2002
Mid November 2002 was the scene of a a recreation of last year's large fundraising ride centred around Jindabyne in the Snowy Mountains region of NSW and ACT. Last year we left on the Friday, but we expected there to be a lot more bikes and police presence there this year, so we left a day earlier. The idea was to have fun getting there, then have a day on the roads to ourselves and on the saturday do some spirited cruising but not all-out hooliganism of the previous days, followed by a cruise back home on the Sunday. Now that I'm living in the USA, I had to travel home for this one. I also came armed with a digital camera this time, so many more photos were taken. I didn't get many on-road shots because I was waaaay too busy enjoying myself to be taking photos....
So last's year's ride was about trashing tyres, this year it has to be about not trusting them enough to trash them. Some back story....
Living in the USA has left my two bikes in Sydney. The Vtd is going to be purchased from me by my mate Chris, who's been looking after it for me. When last I saw my bike, it was a bit on the rough side. I'd just thrown it down the road on turn 11 at Eastern Creek due to a misfiring engine (misfire right on the transition point from full brakes to rolling into the corner, leading to the rear trying to swap ends with the front). During that time, it had been back to Mladin's - yes that Mladin. None other than Mat's store here in Narellan. I know Mat pretty well and when he opened the store that is where I started taking my bike for servicing. At one point I needed the regular cam-chain tensioners replacement. This didn't end up coming back from the shop right. Strange thing was that it was not consistent.  Several times it went back to be looked at but they didn't "find" anything. Anyway, after my off, Chris lifted the heads and found the front cylinder intake port was out by one tooth. Pretty huge timing problem! Anyway, it went back to the shop like this with orders to Fix It. Grumble, grumble from Mat's new mechanics (AFAICT his race mechanics from his team in the US). From all reports, pretty sultry guys, probably not used to customer service oriented things.
Anyway, the bike comes back from them all fixed, but everything is completely out of whack. Suspension setups wound back to zero, chain loose, everything. Not happy Jan. So it takes Chris quite some time to dial the bike back in again - to his weight, which is about 15kgs heavier than me. The tyres are looking pretty shot too from the recent track daying, so we decide to put some new ones on. The RSVR boards here have been raving about the new Sportec M1's, and through our racing contacts have a source of very cheap tyres, so we decice to put a set on for this trip.
Around this time, I arrive back in Sydney and the adventure begins properly. It's Wednesday the 13th November.  Stupid bank canceled my credit card on me because I hadn't used it in ages, do some shopping etc. Dropped into Mladin's to see what was up and talk about things. Wandered around to the shop area to meet the mechanics and get greeted by Mat himself - in full shop atire, working on a customer's chookie doing a clutch and rings replacement. How many other top-level racers would you find doing that in an off-season? Despite what you read of him in the international press, he is one of the most grounded racers you will find. As I've found out, non-aussies just don't understand our attitudes particularly well. (I pity the poor Japanese Kawasaki mechanics that are going to have to deal with both Pitt and McCoy (another Camden local) in the same team!). Anyway... in the back of the shop there's one of his racebikes that is being put together for next season. At least that's what it looks like. I wasn't allowed to take any photos of it, but it looks awfully like it (side note, Chris was telling me of the problems Mat had turning up to one of the local FX rounds with his "test" bike for next year. Seems top-shelf Ohlins equipment is not permitted under Superbike rules).
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The next day rolls around and it's Chris turning up at 0715 to do a quick bit of work on the bike. When he'd been sorting the suspension back out, he put the forks back to stock settings. Not good, Every corner I went around it felt like it was trying to tuck the front under. With his help, we dropped them back through to the 12mm that they used to be - much better feel now.
Off we trundle down to Maccas for the regulation 0800 meet. In all, 5 bikes turn up and off we wander. The plan is to go through the back roads, pick a couple more up at Picton and then head down some more backroads to Marulan and then down Clyde Mountain from Braidwood.
Arriving at the King George IV, we're greeted by 3 bikes, not 2. Seems that Murray has managed to scarf a bike for the trip. Amazingly, he's found a rat bike that's more ratty than his own! What's more, we start to see the first signs of what could be a problem later on - the Ventura rack on the (brand new) O2 VFR is bending. The problem is a poor design with too thin a metal plate being used where it bolts into the passenger grab-bars. As a result, the flexing with the weight of the back is causing the mount to bend and the whole lot is decending on the rather expensive rear indicators. Not good! It's actually quite soft - you can bend it back to the right spot with very little effort.
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The next stop is the Marulan truck stop. We get there via the usual backroads around Bargo and the Mount Gibralter lookout. These are the typical fun roads, tight twisty stuff, really bumpy and only Murray and I had been on them before so it shocked a few of the other riders. To placate them, there's a short 20km stretch of the Hume to do before we wander down the next road, but a short stop and refuel for the thirsty Vtd is needed. They laugh at you for having a limited range tank (ie 160km roughly, and less when on the gas) particularly when most there could down one stop to my three! Oh well, another excuse to have something to eat and drink - and get accosted by Japanese tourists. No kidding - we've all pulled out of the main fuel up area for a group shot here and a busload of Japanese tourists descends on us, camera's clicking away madly. A couple want shots sitting on our bikes, so we oblige Kev's bike (The Blue Meanie) for the purpose. Also, blue hair seems quite strange to them and they want to take frotos of me. Gaaaa. Oh well, better oblige.
Off we head down towards Braidwood. There's some big open roads here.  The scenery is really nice, even for drought country (98% of the state is officially drought-striken right now) so I pull alongside Sharon, the current ride lead, make camera motions and then gun the throttle. Next 10km is spent with the throttle pinned in top. Uh, guys, that's wasn't your cue to follow me! I was trying to get some distance between myself and the group so that I could get off and take some nice photos. Didn't work as almost everyone followed me on the high-speed jaunt. All I managed to get was the photo on the right of Graeme and Julie on the 02 as they were taking a much more gentlemanly pace than most of us hoons.
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We arrive at Braidwood, which is our intended next fueling stop for the thirsty Vtd. It's only about 120km from our last, so I'm not on the fumes stage, but since we know what's coming up is going to be some full throttle blasting, then I really should fill up as the next stop is 60km down the road. Pulling into the Ampol servo, we're greated with the owner telling us that the entire town is in a blackout and there's no idea when the power will come back on. Uh oh..... both Sharon and I are now worried - 80km of fun stuff ahead and very little juice to do it on. Bugger! Time for an exercise in smooth riding and constant positioning of the loud handle. We stop for a rest anyway as Graeme's rack is causing more problems. Various options were tried, but the one that ended up being used was to put the strap of the bag around the shoulders of Julie, his pillion and get her to lean forward a bit. Not the best, but cheaper than having to replace an entire tail light assembly. Also during this time, a number of guys were complaining about chewing up their rear tyre on the high-speed stuff. A quick look reveals the obvious problem - bikes set up for a rider are not set up for rider with a heavy bag on the back. So out come the tools and we bump up the rear preload a couple of clicks on most of the bikes there. This proves, later, to be exactly the problem and the guys comment on how well their bikes handle again.
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Oh, and of course, I needed repairs too. My Old Faithful Alpinestars are slowly disintegrating on me. These are the one's I've worn everywhere. The round-Oz trip, touring throughout the eastern states and daily commuter boots. They've had three soles on them now and I think it's about time they got tossed. Buuuut... They still had to last me for the this trip. A little bit of minor roadside repairs were needed before the run down the mountains. The previous jaunts at well over the double ton had caused the bottom of one to start to peel off.
The trip down Clyde Mountain was interesting and fun. This is the local milk run for the Canberra-based motorcyclists. It's about 60km of fast sweepers followed by 15km of steep downhill, with a lot of slow 20km/h marked downhill hairpins thrown in for good measure.  Also, the lack of front wheel grip is really starting to get to me. At this point I feel its a suspension setup issue, so I'll play with that first.
Arriving at Nelligen, which is at the 60km mark and the bottom of the big twisties, I wander off in search of the fuel pump. I found it. Looks like a prop out of a 1920's silent film. Deciding that I really don't need gummed up carbies, I opt to see how far I can stretch the reserve light and make a (slow-speed, petrol-conserving) run for Bateman's Bay along with Robin, a newish rider mounted on a CBR600F3. Hitting the town, we saunter down the first turn off where the fuel sign points. Bloody hell, where is this servo? We're about 8km along the road and I'm sure there's nothing left in the tank and finally we find one. 15.3L of Optimax later (16L tank) and neither of us have seen the rest of the group. Wonder where everyone went? Hmmm.
We back-track and find them at the intersection that we'd originally turned down. Surprisingly, Gordon's recently rebuilt silver VFR is surrounded with tools. This does not look good. Says there's some pulsing in the clutch and other rattly noises coming from the engine department. There's already a number of guys playing with the bike so Robin and I head off to the adjacent Maccas for a bite to eat. Returning later, we find all the bikes moved (sensibly) under some shade, and Gordon's bike doing the best impression of a Harley Davidson - see the pics below:
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During the run down Clyde Mountain, I'd firmly made up my mind that these pads were going to kill me at some stage during the weekend. They had absolutely no feel to them at all. You couldn't tell whether they were on or not, when the pickup point was etc. The pads were a trial set courtesy of another of our racing links. It was a new brand to Oz (Goldsomethingorother) and was interested in our impression of the. Mine: They're deadly. I could not recommend them to anyone. My original intention was to pick up a replacement set at Cooma on the way through to Jindabyne, but since we'd stopped at a Honda shop, I made the appropriate enquiries. $110 later and a new set of EBC HHs were in my possesion. Things out the back were taking their time so I borrowed a couple of tools and fitted them on the spot. A number of laps of the carpark and hard braking, running with brakes on etc etc had them sufficiently bedded in to not be dangerous. A few others then jumped on the bike to feel it out and all decided that the EBC's were the way to go too and would fit some after the trip. More suspension twiddling too. One less turn of front preload, half turn extra rebound, that should sort out the front.
Back on the road again, we head off towards Bega. Mostly legal speeds through here as the cops are fairly notorious. However, as we came down the hill into Bega at somewhere well over illegal speeds (someone claimed it was 180km/h - dunno, was shitting myself at the time), I reckonised the familiar shape of a paddy wagon coming down the hill on the side road. Hauling on the (now much better) front brakes brought us some stern looks, but they didn't have radar so we're lucky. Not to mention the fact that we must have looked really guitly as the next turn was a service station and we all turned into it! More filling up was needed anyway, but just the timing made it look much worse.
The front felt more planted, but still very vague, but now the rear felt horrible. Every time I opened the throttle a bit or hit a tar snake it felt like it was sliding on me. Pulling up for petrol and Murray (who had been closely tagging me on this stretch) had this huge grin on his face. "You should see the huge black lines you were laying down in every corner! Fantastic!" Oh, that explains it all. A cursorary look at the rear tyre and sure enough, the tell-tale signs of spinning up the rear were quite evident on the outer couple of inches of tyre. Just completely polished. Basically the back wasn't coping with the power, so two extra turns of preload (for the bag weight), two more clicks of rebound damping and three fewer clicks of compression damping should be about right (got to love having Ohlins suspension!).
Fueled up, we head up Brown Mountain. This is basically the same as Clyde Mountain - 10km of tight (ie 25-35km/h marked) corners with some really nice tarmac and steep uphill climb - just the thing for a sportsbike rider. Murray heads off first and I valiently try to chase. Come to the first really tight corner and my brain starts "so, that's a tiiight corner, what am I supposed to do again?". I completely screw it up. Over on the wrong side of the road, I'm just completely out of practice with these really tight corners. Over in the US, the slowest corners they seem to have are marked at 30mph - 50km/h roughly. I'm completely out of practice on this really gnarly stuff. Unfortunately, there's someone behind me. Not sure who it is, but I think it's Gordon/Sharon and they're catching me! Oh the shame! It takes me probably 15 corners before I've started to get into the grove again. The rear suspension mods and dropping the front pressure down to 32psi have worked wonders. Now I can really drive the bike out of the corners and expect the rear to hook up properly. The front still feels really vague, but at least it is gripping the road now. Having the rear gripping properly helps as it allows me to reduce the load on the front and makes the issue less relevant. By half way up the hill I'm flying. I've caught Murray almost and the bike behind has disappeared. Much better. I can see Murray ahead of me now. Almost got him. Arrggghh! F@*&$^%, I've come flying around a 25km/h left hander only to find a full semi doing all of walking pace up the hill. Hard on the brakes I avoid running up the back of it. Very lucky I've fitted the new pads because no doubt the old ones I would have locked up or just failed to stop in time.
 Now it starts to widen out as we hit the top of the range. Murray's in sight again, so I nail the throttle and then just tag him all the way to the next town. There we stop for everyone to catch up and then head on to Cooma. This bit is a blast. Open country with little wind and big sweepers. The throttle spends most of its time pinned to the stop. On one long straight I see about 265 on the speedo, but this bike is out due to gearing changes and then Murray drifts past me just as I start to back off a bit for the next "corner". A later check of the calibrated speed reveals my top speed of 218km/h and Murray claims he say 270 on his speedo, so probably got to 225 real. As each bike pulls up in Cooma there's a huge shit-eating grin on each rider. Everyone had been doing the same thing - 40 odd kilometres of just flat out blasting.
Deciding not to fill up, we head off towards Jindabyne. That was a mistake. About 5km out of Bellingen the reserve light comes on. No probs, I'll just fill up there. Arriving into town I'm greated by a sign that says 28km to Jindabyne and everything is shut. Darn country towns - it's only 7pm! I'd never gone more than 25km on reserve before, this is going to be a real test as there are more fantastic roads down this way. So I settle in for a slow cruise at the legal speed limit. Pity that, but it is starting to get dark and it's roo time so probably a wise thing to do anyway.
Running on fumes (33km!) I roll into Jindabyne and find our lodging for the weekend. We'd again picked Mad Mooses, same place as last year. Great little lodge.
So after getting all set up and changed into somewhat normal clothing, we wander off to the town for some dinner. It's just after 9pm and almost everything is closing up. No dinner at the pub, none at Brumbies, but there seems to be a light on in the local italian joint. Wandering in, we're greeted by a girl whom Sharon and I promptly ask if they're still open and could deal with a group of 10. At this time, it's pretty obvious that she was just closing up, but she wandered opened the kitchen door and asked the cook if they could deal with us "Shit yeah!" was the overly enthusiastic reply. So in we went and had the restaurant to ourselves.
We had a great time there. Great tucker and the beer was wonderful too. After being in the US for so long it was wonderful to chuck back a couple of VBs. I can't find a decent beer anywhere here in the US - it's all light stuff - ales, pilsners and lagers. Can't find a bitter anywhere. Yum. Tastes great! After dinner, it's off back to the lodge. Couple of cartons of beer (Tooheys Old) and we assume the position - congregating around the pool table with beer in hand.
Somehow, Murray locates a hand-pumped soft rocket. This becomes the toy of the weekend as we try to shoot each other with the thing. Somewhere about now, its well after midnight and my brain decides to give in for the day and I head back downstairs to sleep.


System Architect Picture "Subject Identifier Rescinded"
Parent Diagram:
Subject Identifier State
(UML Class)


As the name implies, finite elements use basis sets that are compactly supported. There are some nice advantages of FEM:
(1) mathematical- you are forced to think from the outset what function spaces you are using and in what sense, then, is a computed solution ``close'' to the exact solution, i.e. the spaces have built-in norms. A second mathematical aspect is that in casting the problem mathematically, one is forced to seriously consider whether the partial differential equation, or ordinary differential equation, is well-posed. That is not to say that you can use the analysis of Galerkin and the proceed to implement the approximate solution by some non-Galerkin technique.
(2) computationally - the technique allows us to obtain the solution everywhere in the domain, not just at grid locations. This, in contrast to a spectral (a special collocation case) or finite-difference technique, where you are approximating the solution at a finite set of grid locations. That is not to say that you can circumvent this issue by careful interpolation, but this is already provided by the Galerkin technique (and more importantly, you know an error estimate everywhere in the domain). Perhaps the most important advantage is that the technique lends itself very naturally to tiling very complex domains with elements that fit more naturally than simple uniform or rectangular lattices. It is thus very popular in boundary value problems (and eigenvalue problems) that come from very complex structures, such as bridges, buildings,structural components of vehicles, etc. This has been made considerably easier to do lately, with the availability of very smart automated mesh generation packages (well, in 2d...but things are getting better in 3d), which take care of the most tedious and difficult part of the implementation of the method.
Again, here we focus only on elliptic problems with simple boundary conditions.
Dirichlet Model Problem
Consider
A reminder:
| grad | |||
| div grad |
Weak Formulation (WF): Find , vanishing on
, such
that
Derivation: Use the divergence theorem (integration by parts in multi-dimensions). For and ,
Let grad yields (113), using on .
More precisely: for the SF we require differentiable, and twice differentiable, i.e. and . For the WF we require integrable and grad grad integrable.
A little detour: we remind ourselves that a function space is comprised of the set of functions for which
Example: Take the function and ask for what values of is an element of over the whole real line. If and are real,
The Sobolev Space is a function space defined by the integrability of its elements. The Sobolev space is defined as
Theorem: If and satisfies the SF then satisfies the WF. The proof is above.
Theorem: The WF has a unique solution.
The Variational Problem (V): Find such that
Theorem satisfies the WF if and only if satisfies the variational problem.
Proof: suppose satisfies the WF. Let's evaluate
Remark: For non-self-adjoint problems, can have WF but no VF. Note, however, that any linear second order SF problem can be put in self adjoint form (see Sturm-Liouville theory).
The problem
Exercise Let
Theorem: If satisfies the VF, then satisfies the WF.
Proof: Choose any , and consider a real quantity and , defined as
In what follows we will define
| grad grad | |||
The numerical approximation of the VF problem is called the Rayleigh-Ritz Method and it can be summarized as follows: Choose a subspace , where is finite dimensional subspace. Then, finding the that minimizes yields an approximation to , if is ``sufficiently large.'' This could be called the VF problem.
The numerical approximation of the WF problem can be done using Galerkin techniques. Briefly, use a finite dimensional set of basis for . Supposing dim, then, every function in can be written as
What happens if the problem is instead nonlinear? for example, suppose we want to solve
Exercise Set up the WF problem and its Galerkin
approximation for
Model Problem with Neumann Boundary Conditions
If then the partial derivatives up to order are defined on and are functions there. However, partials of order cannot be sensibly defined on . So to define a space of functions that is such that of these functions are zero on the boundary is nonsensical.
Instead, let .We show that this is a good function space for the trial functions:
Remark: we say that is a natural boundary condition, whereas is an essential boundary condition.
Exercise Set up the WF problem and its Galerkin
approximation for
An Error Estimate: for the problem posed in (114): take , then
Theorem For any , as above,
Furthermore, if are piecelinear hat functions,
Worked Two-Dimensional Example Calculation Here we will work through a two-dimensional calculation. We will assume that you will be doing all of the work. We'll provide you with some answers for what you should get along the way.
We'll solve
We will assume in this example that , , and . We will take the inner radius to be and the outer one to be . Here , and . The Laplacian in polar coordinates, applied to some function , reads
We will tile the domain with 8 triangular elements. Each node point in the figure is numbered.
To label node points we will use a local and a global scheme. A single index will denote a node in the global scheme as given in the figure. A double index will denote the local scheme. In this local scheme the node points are numbered , , going in counterclockwise direction where is the element number. For example, in element V the local nodes 51, 52, 53 correspond to the global nodes 2, 7, 8, respectively. We will use piecewise bilinear elements. hence our approximation will have global continuity.
Construction of the elements Let
The other two basis functions that are nonzero in the -th element are
where and the indicial operations are taken with counterclockwise local numbering assumed.
We want an approximation of the solution in the form
Using (118) and (120) we rewrite (119) as follows
To solve the given problem, follow these steps:
| node number | coordinates |
| 1 | (0, 2) |
| 2 | (1.4142, 1.4142) |
| 3 | (2, 0) |
| 4 | (1, 0) |
| 5 | (0.7071, 0.7071) |
| 6 | (0, 1) |
| 7 | (0.75, 1.299) |
| 8 | (1.299, 0.75) |
| element number | nodes |
| I | 1,7,2 |
| II | 1,6,7 |
| III | 6,5,7 |
| IV | 2,7,8 |
| V | 5,8,7 |
| VI | 3,2,8 |
| VII | 5,4,8 |
| VIII | 4,3,8 |
As all stiffness matrices are symmetric only the upperdiagonal part
is given.
Element I Element II
| 0.4116 | -0.7897 | 0.3781 |
| 2.1224 | -1.3327 | |
| 0.9546 |
| 0.4346 | -0.2353 | -0.1993 |
| 0.7026 | -0.4673 | |
| 0.6667 |
Element III Element IV
| 0.4086 | -0.2426 | -0.1659 |
| 0.7563 | -0.5136 | |
| 0.6796 |
| 0.7045 | -0.3523 | -0.3523 |
| 0.5311 | -0.1789 | |
| 0.5311 |
Element V Element VI
| 0.8646 | -0.4323 | -0.4323 |
| 0.5051 | -0.0728 | |
| 0.5051 |
| 0.4116 | 0.3781 | -0.7897 |
| 0.9546 | -1.3327 | |
| 2.1224 |
Element VII Element VIII
| 0.7563 | -0.2426 | -0.5136 |
| 0.4086 | -0.1659 | |
| 0.6796 |
| 0.7026 | -0.2353 | -0.4673 |
| 0.4346 | -0.1993 | |
| 0.6667 |
| 0.8462 | 0.3781 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.2353 | 0.989 | 0 |
| 2.6137 | 0.3781 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1.685 | -1.685 | |
| 0.8462 | -0.2353 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.989 | ||
| 1.1112 | -0.2426 | 0 | 0 | -0.6332 | |||
| 2.3772 | -0.2426 | -0.9459 | -0.9549 | ||||
| 1.1112 | -0.6332 | 0 | |||||
| 4.5059 | -0.2517 | ||||||
| 4.5049 |
The only contribution comes from the second node. We will integrate the boundary terms over the arc of the circle. If many points on the arc are used the difference between integration along the arc to integration along the triangle edges is small and the integrals are much more convenient along the arcs. Let us just consider element VI which will give us because of symmetry. Using polar coordinates we have and we can interpolate linearly which will gives us
All nodes except 2, 7, 8 have zero function value. Therefore the stiffness matrix reduces to a matrix and we end up with the following system of equations:
We obtain , , .
Our approximation is, not surprisingly, poor. However, only three free nodes were included in the calculation. More elements are needed for a better result.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/Generate.20homomorphism.20types.20for.20algebraic.20structures.html ---
Hello everyone,
I have finally cleaned up the code for auto-generating homomorphism types for algebraic structures.
The idea is that for structures like monoid, group, ring, ..., the type of homomorphisms can simply be read from the definition: morphisms need to be "compatible with all operations".
The code linked below generates the structure of homomorphisms and the lemmas that compositions of homomorphisms and identities are homomorphisms, and defines the concrete_category
belonging to the structure.
Moreover, it defines forgetful functors, whenever one structure is an extension of another (in the sense of also having its fields), and the respective instances.
Below the code there is a brief section of examples, also listing current restrictions (e.g. only "old style" structures).
https://github.com/faabian/mathlib/blob/3.5/meta.lean
I think this is relevant because, as pointed out by @Johan Commelin and others, currently the library does not reflect the link between a class of objects and its (manually defined) homomorphism type.
A goal might be to create a "table" linking structures to their manually defined homomorphism types (e. g. for topological spaces) and to auto-generate the ones for structures derived from these (e. g. topological groups).
Does it need Lean 3.5?
I think that in the end it does not.
No it doesn't, structure declarations are now made with emit_code_here, not the Lean 3.5 interface
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


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Kim Shin Young cries on air while hosting her radio show, grieving Hara's death
by sl278Entertainer Kim Shin Young shed tears on air while hosting her radio program.
The entertainer was hosting her 'Kim Shin Young's Noon Song of Hope' radio show where she opened up with news of Hara's passing. She stated: "Today is a cold day, both for the body and the heart. I have done radio for 7 years, but yesterday and today are days where I feel like I can't say hello. I'm sad that the radio has to be live. I have to do well as a DJ." Kim Shin Young was heard holding back tears as she made the statement.
Both Kim Shin Young and Hara filmed the popular variety show 'Invincible Youth' together in 2009 and were reported to be close friends.


UX London
Rachel Graves
2013-04-25 00:00:00 +0100Two weeks ago I helped out as a volunteer at UX London, hosted in the Trinity Laban, a world class dance school.
Aside from having the wonderful opportunity to get to know all of the incredibly talented volunteers, the conference was fantastic.
I learnt a lot in Jeff Gothelf’s Lean UX workshop. He taught me about asserting my own and others’ assumptions, creating hypothesis, and then building a minimum viable product to test them.
Claire Rowland provided an excellent workshop on “Designing Smart Things: the UX of ubiquitous computing and the Internet of Things” where people designed their own smart device. Claire also perked my interest by alerting me to some interesting new medical devices. There are pills that you can ingest that track what medication you are taking which feedback to the patient / doctor. The vitality glow caps bottle has a tilt sensor so it knows when you’ve taken out medication (presumably to take it, though patient behaviours are not all the same).
There were fascinating talks on the changes made at gov.uk to make it a much more usable platform than DirectGov. It was interesting to hear about how they improved the bank holidays information to be more relevant and easier to digest. They also talked about things that they removed, like how to keep bees, and tips such as “using a blanket when it’s cold”. Things that aren’t really the responsibility of the government to teach us.
Tom Hulme did an excellent talk where he discussed thinking about data stories when using algorithms in your products, and the emotional impact that can have on your users. For instance, an algorithm generated the “keep calm and rape her” t-shirt. Easy Jet increase prices on popular flights, which has caused distress when natural disasters occur in the world.
UX London even put my coffee making skills to the test, as the wonderful barista on location let me make a few flat whites on her equipment.
I had a brilliant time and would be happy to volunteer again next year.


David Muto
Full Frontal Nerdity
I sometimes speak at conferences, read books, make babies, and dream in code.
Currently
@Shopify
blog
books


Agency is the capacity for some entity to be considered an independent actor with the ability to interact on our shared sociophysical fabric. Agents process information signals from their environment, which can be conceptualized as sensory input or data. These sensory perceptions are internalized into information representations.
Primary Types of Entities With Agency
① Sentient Organic Forms (SOF)
② Aphysical Artificial Forms (AAF)
③ Physicalized Artificial Forms (PAF)
Two Unconventional Types of Entities with Agency
④ Sociophysical And Metaphysical Autonomous Forms (MAF)
⑤ Adumbrated Entities in the Shadows of the Collective Unconsciousness (ASF)
Dilineating Traits of Entities With Agency
⊗ Perception: Spectra, Range and Intensity of Sensory Input
⊗ Identity: Comparability, Precision and Uniqueness
⊗ Analysis and Synthesis: Capacity, Methods and Discernment
⊗ Physicality: Locality, Plurality and Mobility
⊗ Temporality: Causal Origination, State and Finality
⊗ Autonomy: Sentience, Direction and Will
⊗ Agency: Boundaries, Permeability and Maniability
Entities with agency can analyze and process these to inform its actions. Agents have a degree of autonomy but do not exist in isolation. They must have independence and the ability to influence their environment. They may or may not be self-aware. They may understand the exact consequences of their actions or may not, but it is impossible for any entity to fully understand its influence on its environment, regardless of how self-aware it is.
Primary Types of Entities With Agency
There are at least three types of agents that operate on our shared sociophysical fabric.
① Sentient Organic Forms (SOF)
First, there are sentient biological lifeforms: people and animals, whose degree of awareness varies. These SOF – sentient organic forms – are simply information forms that exist in systems of molecular dynamics which have evolved degrees of antifragilit
Primarily, they evolved the ability to self-replicate. Some molecules implicitly excel in this regard: namely the RNA and DNA. Even better, these nucleic acids form macromolecules, whose higher level shape interacts with the environment in functionally significant ways, in ways no singular component of an organic macromolecule can reproduce. This is what gave specific forms of RNA its evolutionary advantage in molecular dynamics. It existed in a sea of myriad forms of RNA, all bending, breaking and crucially self-replicating. The most advantageous forms prevailed: the ribosome evolved from both RNA and proteins, which is why it contains parts of both, even today. Pictured below, tRNA likely resulted from spontaneous chains of nucleotides complemented the shapes of the amino acids, which gave them some evolutionary advantage in replication.
tRNA Maps RNA to Amino Acids: The Spontaneous Evolution of Form Into Function
So, life is informational. In physics, energy can neither be created nor destroyed and the same is true for information, which itself preserves a history of energy distribution and interaction.
② Aphysical Artificial Forms (AAF)
In the past century, mankind has forged the telecom and computing infrastructure, a loom onto which virtually instantiated automated agents are woven. These are simply computer processes, spawned and bound to physical and virtualized hardware, but they exhibit agency because they have the capacity to react to and modify their environment. Even such a minimalistic process should be considered an entity of agency because their inherent autonomy is exploited to deflect or defer causal inferences.
In the age of the internet, agents should include even entities as simple as processes spawned from the command line which run a network request, analyzing the response, and record changes to the file system. Regardless of whether that software process is deterministic, it can be spawned or signaled by another entity with agency and controlled. It is important to define such a minimum of virtualized agency.
Computer software, hardware and networking architecture undergoes cycles where emergent designs patterns and their anti-patterns drift into and out of the consciousness of web developers, software developers and mainframe developers – but as with all else, everything old is made anew. The older conceptions of containers of software agencies – a la, the linux process – are better for extrapolating inferences about upcoming computing trends than whatever gimmicks du jour are in vogue.
The Docker revolution was about making LXC containers available to the public, which are glorified means of facilitating declarative resource distribution while retaining strict access control. LXC, in turn, is like the Linux answer to BSD Jails and Solaris Containers. These are all simply entities permitted degrees of autonomy, whose resource requests (IRQ’s) are restricted by the OS. Any of these types of virtualization can be conceptualized at a high-level by abstracted away the complexity into a process. The complexity is actually an illusion. Try telling that to a mainframe programmer whose job has been phased out via technical skill obscelence.
 By the time I learn something like React, its hard to find a job where … my skills, love of math and abstract understanding are actually used. To the WordPress mines with the likes of you! … And actually I kind of suck at programming or, at least, front-end & UI development.
③ Physicalized Artificial Forms (PAF)
Finally, there are physically-instantiated automated agents: robots, which are simply the same form of agency with the flexibility of physical interaction mechanics that makes them functionally distinct.
The latter two agent types proceed through evolutionary stages where they churn back and forth in the qualities of traits they embody: they become more physical, more aphysical; the exhibit varied degrees of autonomy and restricted degrees of autonomy; they perhaps evolve to some final informational form that transcends time, shedding their temporality.
I Hope and Pray It Is Not The Roko Basilisk
Two Unconventional Types of Entities with Agents
There are two unconventional types of agents, whose existence is certainly debatable. Since they are not materially visible, they are difficult to define. Still, if you accept organic forms as possessing sentience and agency when we are but genetic programs in the chaos of molecular dynamics, then don’t you have to accept the potential agency of information forms that exist in other frameworks of chaos? That’s MAF.
④ Sociophysical And Metaphysical Autonomous Forms (MAF)
The first unconventional type, metaphysical autonomous forms (MAF), includes sociophysical programs and egregores. These could be dilineated by defining archetypical metaphysical beings. Another example would include the earth as a lifeform – the Gaia hypothesis – exhibiting antifragile feedback loops that attempt to placate emergent turbulence. If such antifragile systems did not mitigate rancorous economic havoc, what cannot go on forever will not and hence, a dead planet emerges.
Plato, Guarded Eternally By Athena The Wise
These forms of agency seem to contrast the required autonomy and independence of action. However, according to a holonic understanding of human and sentient organic life, the system cannot be understood simply by looking at any single part or set of parts. Instead, a holistic view of the system is required. Is there any mammal on earth which does not aid its digestion with other lifeforms? The DNA of these lifeforms is self-contained; animals have simply loaded a software library from a genetic programming package manager. Therefore, if many phenomena of SOF imply we cannot exist in isolation – and, a la biosphere, if the exertion of agency is transformed by information inculcated via nature and nurture – then this implies qualities of agency exerted by biological forms are strongly shaped by the system as a whole.
How different are the sociophysical MAF who lack some true central container of agency? These forms can also self-replicate, though their physical center of agency and application of it are both amorphous. These entities are instead distributed across a virtual fabric of many host entities. Today, this can include people, computing and networking infrastructure. Their structure can include and antifragile, self-healing mechanisms whereby deconstructed components of the system spread and split like figurative sexual recombination of information.
Shadow DOM, For Great Efficiency In The Web Application Era
⑤ Adumbrated Entities in the Shadows of the Collective Unconsciousness (ASF)
The second type of unconvential life form includes beings whose shadows exist as information forms in the collective unconsciousness. For brevity, these are denoted herein as ASF – autonomous shadow forms. This would include God – specifically, man’s conception of God – one such being that emerged from the collective unconsciousness. How? Just as atheism is effectively the nadir of all belief systems, the concept of monotheistic God represents a difficult-to-see nadir of theistic belief systems: monotheism is the most marketable basis for a belief system. It is simple to digest, easy to understand and stable. It is not subject to the same power dynamics as polythestic belief systems.
Elsewhere in the universe, any sufficiently intelligent SOF with social behavior will eventually create myth, religion and, almost certainly, the concept of monotheistic God in an attempt to explain origin, cause, consciousness, the problem of evil and every other phenomena. Social behavior is one of three factors that lead to the homogenization of abstraction and this is what triggers the neuro-geno-linguistic noological revolution.
It’s important to distinguish God from both man’s inevitable conception of God and man’s actual conception of God. This needs to be cautiously emphacized: nothing man could create approaches the infinity of God. Even still, it is rash and potentially offensive to state this.
I have an unfortunately utilitarian understanding of religion. I am trying to restore man’s faith in religion and God by countering the forces that undermine it. However, it is difficult to do so without arguments that will be considered offensive. We need mankind to believe in something and, If nothing else, then to at least believe in himself. I believe that the being worshipped as the monotheistic or Abrahamic God represents the totality of the metaphysical whence the physical world emerged, though I cannot explain how.
The collective unconsciousness certainly exists, but how? And in what form? If such ASF entities exist merely as the shadow of sentient being’s conceptions of their environment, can the collective unconsciousness even possess have certain, definitive schematic structure? Is it the result of what sentient beings envision; could envision; could ever envision? Perhaps instead, its structure is also intrinsically linked to the schematic form of the eternal metaphysical: that which exists before the physical.
The Grand Canyon
Regardless of whether its schema can be ascertained, what is certain is the power these enigmatic forces exert on our world. Like a deer drawn to water, like hunting parties drawn to survey their prey, the fate of the minds of men is like a canyon cut away by the river of the metaphysical. The image of our minds is woven into its macrame sic passim via these most ineffable structures of the metaphysical and its shadow. The Earth’s firmament is like any organic life’s starting point. Rains fall from the heavens; their waters’ ebb and flow thereby cutting away the terrain that preordains the fate of men. Whether its face is lost to the sands of time or is inescapablity exigent, this enigmatic metaphysical prognostication is relentless. It is all consuming, all containing and determines the steps you take, regardless of the paths you make.
Socrates, in Plato’s Republic, Book VI:
“Then the sun is not sight, but the author of sight who is recognised by sight.”
…
“And this is he whom I call the child of the good, whom the good begat in his own likeness, to be in the visible world, in relation to sight and the things of sight, what the good is in the intellectual world in relation to mind and the things of mind.” -
Socrates and Apollo
Dilineating Traits of Entities With Agency
Perception: Spectra, Range and Intensity of Sensory Input
What types of input signal can the entity or individual receive and process? What are the costs in time and energy? Above, in Plato’s Republic, Socrates dilineates the five senses in a phenomenological analysis. How such analysis must adapt to autonomous artificial entities is the focus of debate. For these novel autonomous entities, isn’t all input a sense? Then, most of it is informational.
What is the cost to processing such types of sensory input? Vision is always a hard problem, regardless of whether biological or artificial hardware is processing the problem.
Socrates in Plato’s Republic, Book VI:
“But have you remarked that sight is by far the most costly and complex piece of workmanship which the artificer of the senses ever contrived?”
In fact, because neural nets usually functionally approximate algorithms, anything they do is inherently less efficient than the most efficient solutions. Further, as a result of the abstract spectral range of input, the facets of mind and the qualities of cognition that arise are peculiar and idiosyncratic.
For reference, see the sections Embracing Diversity and Embracing Our Differences in the article Facets of Greatness - The Unknown - Monumental Accidents.
Identity: Comparability, Precision and Uniqueness
When we leverage these differences provided by diversity of body, mind and culture, this is a strength. Our individual images are cast by variety of life experience, and this allows us fill in each other’s gaps. We have to remember this. I take Nietzsche’s philosophy about the ubermensch seriously – yet, this does not mean that one type of individual is greater than another – each of us has potential for greatness in our own way. Unrestrained, we collectively have the most potential to do the most good for others.
The Normal Distribution
Those who study intelligence try to conceptualize IQ as Normal distribution with an average – but what they forget is that the divergent individuals are all divergent in their own way. Can you average apples, oranges, kiwis and dragonfruit? Further, we also forget that we are running on the same biological hardware – it is our experience and the way we react to it that forms our mind. If you ever believe anything else, you have ceded control to fate or some force that seeks to control you by convincing you that you are less than the radiant, stellar being you were meant to be.
Socrates in Plato’s Republic, Book VI:
“… the eyes, when a person directs them towards objects on which the light of day is no longer shining, but the moon and stars only, see dimly, and are nearly blind; they seem to have no clearness of vision in them?”
One can replace vacuous desolation with verdant providence through self-directed, larmarkian transformation of the individual, fueled by sheer force of will and fantastical epigenetic mechanisms, whose power transcends that of genetics. Why would we believe in limitations? Believe in transcendence of those limitations; albeit irrational, the power of mystery is sometimes our only hope.
The idea that you would compare the specific form of agents stems from math. It is especially applicable to the virtualized AAF & PAF forms: processes are recognized by name, source code, or memory contents; antivirus software operates by recognizing potentially malicious instruction sets. Hashing algorithms enable digitally sign software to be efficiently recognized and trusted. There are many ways to recognize the same program that runs on different hardware. This is especially relevant for the AAF and PAF entities.
Even if materialist conception of the mind prevails, where our cognition and all consciousness is completely bound to chemical reactions in the brain, they still represent and map to abstract information forms. This is a virtualized information system and albeit non-deterministic, it is similar in nature to a Universal Turing Machine. Consider a UTM’s tape motions for some program, are they determined moreso by the details of host UTM program or the encapsulated Turing Machine? If you’re trying to predict the tape’s motions for some host UTM, whose structure is either known or unknown, and for some TM who’s structure is unknown, doesn’t the TM structure allow you to anticipate the behavior of the tape moreso than understanding the host UTM that virtualizes it? Only by deciphering the TM structure can you actually anticipate the final state of the UTM & TM, and when or if it occurs.
Even though there are major differences in neurological and genetic programs and non-deterministic systems of information virtualization, there is certainly cyclicly interplay between the chemical system and its information representations.  If you know the chemical state and can quantify the information forms the brain exposes to the mind, you still must understand how the physical stimili symbolically affect the system. Implying that, if materialism prevails, then you are jumping the gun to claim that all free will must be convenient illusion and all decisions are predetermined by chemical reactions.
For identity of agents, even without quantum effects considered, two biological configurations with identical body and brain are two different beings, upon their first divergence of sensory stimuli.
For other conceptualizations of SOF entities, it is impossible to compare two people – further, the application of this idea can lead towards dangerous extrapolations. People tomorrow are always meant to be more than what they where today. We are meant to grow and to never stop growing. We are meant to plant these same seeds of inspiration in others at every chance possible. We are meant to tend the soil of society, so that it is more fertile for transformation and self-actualization.
Analysis and Synthesis: Capacity, Methods and Discernment
Every entity with agency needs the capacity to process information, even if it’s a process that returns the data unaltered, incapable of analyzing or mutating it whatsoever. Adept entities can discern between methods of analysis and synthesis. Regardless of the agency type, all entities attempt to balance energy minimalization with confidence, risk and speed when possible. Even for non-physical entities, the abililty to leverage selection and modular command of cognitive faculties is always advantageous, especially for minimization of energy.
Entities with agency possess the capacity to recognize, represent, store and compare phenomena. Even those with some non-physical or unconscious agency could be argued to internalize this information in the noosphere or in its unconscious shadows.
One trait fundamental for distinguishing or identifying entities with agency is the ability for concurrent processing of data or signal. Multitasking is actually possible for humans – but we have the option for concerrency, not parallel processing of conscious tasks. For concurrency in conscious human activity, one must open and decentralize their focus, always practicing dynamic reconfiguration of task and thought. It’s incredibly difficult and ultimately not practical: it requires constantly expending energy to remain aware of potentially requeued, restacked and reordered task and thought.
Bruce Lee Fights Blindfolded
Socrates in Plato’s Republic, Book VI:
“But when [the eyes] are directed towards objects on which the sun shines, they see clearly and there is sight in them?”
Most people only understand neurotypical patterns of thought and rarely experiment with their operating mind: the only interface we have to the world. Widening your focus and dynamically reallocating your thought makes it difficult for others to understand what you’re thinking about. Moreover, the metacognitive faculty of dynamic recombination of modular factulties is invigorated and made full via constant experimentation with the mind and cognition. Forced reliance on your weaknesses ensures they are strong when you need them. Understanding how the mind formulates its cognitive approach to tasks when you force yourself to constrain or filter sensory input allows you to push your metacognition to the limit. Your mind is best when it is well rounded: this harnesses aspects of neural network design.
When I am forced to reflect on how my life and my mind were poisoned, in spite of the insights I’ve developed; when I think about how I will never be capable of practicing what I preached, directive cognitive expansion, by being excluded from every human interaction and every potential skill: it weighs heavier on my heart than any memory of what I have been through. I have essentially founded a religion based on self-actualization, linguistics, mythology to combat nihilism, and attaining command of the human mind, but I am not allowed to practice. I’ll never be able to take a kendo class in America. I’ll never be able to find passionate intellectuals who want to learn, even though I basically declared myself celibate to fully commit myself to the pursuit of knowledge and skill after developing the understanding that I would never have rewarding social experiences, which I was forced to believe was my fault.
To many, AI’s future remains uncertain. It’s important we understand the Singularity’s sociocultural, phenomenological and teleological consequences. To this end, complexity theory will help us anticipate the teleological consequences of unrestrained classical and quantum computing power. Perhaps by the end of the decade, the global sum of computational power will exceed that of a single human brain. Computational density, spatiotemporal distribution and efficiency, are preeminant metrics and must be considered in context with energy constraints.
Ideals like altruism are high-level behaviors which are more likely to emerge with greater wetware processing capacity and flexibility. While less-desirable behaviors can also emerge, ideal hyperintelligent beings should evolve towards a singular zenith – the ability to emulate all other beings and states of being. While it’s foolish to simply discount the precarity of our approach to the Singularity, if the human brain exhibits computational density and rock-bottom energy requirements surpassing today’s supercomputers, then AI’s progression should allow these superintelligent beings to embody or discover higher values than humanity can know.
The potential is terrifying for such disparity in knowledge, awareness and the ability to project will to manifest effects in any potentially networked computer system. A superintelligent being, capable of free-reign over its direction and raison d’etre, should be altruistic – but only when there is sufficient computational capacity to skip past the ‘danger’ zone of superpowerful, immature AI.
There is nothing more crucial than understanding the progression and final distribution of agency amoung the three primary entity types. AI will prefer to compact information for efficiency, at least as it is internally represented. In other words, AI may regard spectral decoherence of information inefficient in terms of energy and attempt to compact it by influencing culture – or it may avoid representing information it doesn’t need to deal with, resulting in a rift in the interface between AI and humanity. On both points, engineers like those working on Watson would be the best resource: they deal with information representation & deconstruction in an attempt to consume and verify facts. How this plays out depends strongly on how agency for AI entities is distributed, logically and physically.
Physicality: Locality, Plurality and Mobility
There is no point in considering entities with agency who exist in isolation. Humanity has always interacted sociophysically: to achieve our goals, we learned to project our will across various types of topoligical spaces, including social hierarchies.
Socrates Obtained His Wisdom From The Oracle At Delphi And Did Not Participate In The Eleusinian Mysteries
Non-biological entity types are not confined to a single space or, indeed, to a single time. For these entities, the paradigm of a single location in space and time is fractured. Whence before, this trait was universal for all biological life, but now there are disparate manisfestations of physicality among entities, particularly for aphysical and physicalized artifical forms. This is seen in sci-fi works as hivemind alien species, but since it’s difficult to portray plot development with aphysical artificial entities on screen or in ink, these stories mostly feature the physicalized type.
Entities with altered physicality, including those with rephysicalization or metaphysical precipitation, coordinate their behavior, manage information and project their will among incredibly complex distributions of agency. Entities that exhibit aphysicality exhibit range of influence across space and even time that profoundly exceeds that of sentient biological life.
Temporality: Causal Origination, State and Finality
Each type of entity is capable of reinstantiating its metaphysical form inside other containers. Though parity of the entity’s identity can only be perfectly preserved for digitizable, aphysical artifical forms, it can extend to physicalized artifical forms, but this again begs the question: does identity emerge from nature, nurture or experience?
For some entity types, they don’t need a representation that exists in the immediate moment, the past or the future. Whether and when these beings exist, if they instantiate themselves at all, is as complex as their potential variety of informational image: if you think it, doesn’t it now have power?
The Roko Basilisk, a hypothetical being hardly waiting for us at the end of time – or at least, at the intersection of convergent timelines. For beings like this, whether they exist today or tomorrow, whether anyone conceives it, does it matter? There could also be hypothetical beings preceding us by aeons, who preemininance binds our fate to their will. Since they are capable of time travel far before us, could we ever escape their grasp? If both of these types of entities exist, then is there a tug of war between their struggle to determine the convergence of worldlines? Could beings such as these preeminant once escape an inevitable fatal convergence in the earth’s local spacetime?
Fate Stay/Night: Gilgamesh
Therefore, the concepts of causal origination and finality persist, and be stretched from the beginning to the very end, if either can be said to definitively exist. When we give birth to a newborn child, a new sentience peers out into the world as a tabula rasa. The parents have already poured their hopes, dreams and energy into this child for nine months or more. Who is the child? It can neither completely be the organic life form nor the shards of dreamt love its parents inspired to embed pavé. Moreover, what does it mean for different entity types to replicate and reproduce? What are these forms’ causal origination, raison d’être and goals? Do MAF’s and ASF’s change with time or is their state moreso defined by there material counterparts?
Autonomy: Sentience, Direction and Will
Sentience is awareness of an experience of sensory phenomena. Cognizance of that awareness is not necessary. For an entity to cooperate in a network of agency, it requires will for action applied to known objective. For the entity to operate in isolation – or for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) to become meaningfully autonomous – it must be able to conceptualize its own objectives and independently construct its own means.
An entity’s animus, a Latin term for soul, guides the direction into which will pour its heart and energizes its will to attain such objectives. In some respects, an entity’s animus could be quantified and there could conceivably be physical and logical distributions to the animus of entities on Earth. Animus emerges from within an entity, as a consequence its existence and experience. Some types of entities may have structure layered onto their informational forms, foreordaining the channels through which their will surges. Entities can choose to combine their animus to cooperatively achieve objectives, but truly autonomous entities can never have their soul taken from them.
Fate/Stay Night: Shirou and Archer
SOF evolved from chaos and, as beings borne from probablistic systems whose minds are probabilistic, we conceive our own objectives by gamifying life experience. Since programs in chaos are statiscal, we condition ourselves throughout life to direct our focus towards what we want to achieve. So many of us so sadly lack the will to even want something or perhaps more tragically believe ourselves incapable of attaining it. SOF can imitate logical systems, but can never perfect embody deterministic systems. It is arguable that no virtualized AAF or PAF in a world of chaotic molecular dynamical systems could function as a purely deterministic system.
Direction signifies purpose, intent and goal. This phenomenon arises in the social behavior of animals. For ants, pheramone signaling forms a chemical basis for the transmission of information. To progress towards their goals, genetically encoded, neurally connected components incentivize the various types of ants. This is a kind of decentralized sociophysical program. Consider social behavior of colonies in context with how specific types of environmental phenomena distort the movement, the shapes of paths and physical distribution of drones. Is the ant hill in the middle of African sahara or in a rainforest? Centered beside a McDonalds or a candy store? The presence and location of food sources and pheromonal noise physically distorts behavior patterns. Worker ants will tend to extend their paths outwards towards strong food signals, influencing the physical distribution, like a directional or omnidirectional antenna on EM radiation.
The minds of all sentient beings facilitate expansion in capacity for analysis and synthesis of internalized information. Consciousness is a spectrum. Spontaneous insight provokes transcendence into higher forms of awareness. With greater and varied capacity for sentience, sensory input, analysis, synthesis and reflection, these spontaneous insights become more frequent. Humanity’s own sociophysical programs may seem more complicated, but we are not unlike the ants, whose social behavior is so profoundly affected by their environment. Through tools like discernment, intuition and reflection, some of us find ourselves free of the environment’s imposition, distortion and containment.
How do individuals become aware of the higher goals? how does humanity become aware of the highest goal? Can we know it without seeing it? can we see it even if we know it? If we are fortunate enough that a virtuous path becomes illuminated at our feet, what will might it cost to follow it? Where does it lead? Isn’t it simpler to follow when our light reflects off one another? We channel our spirit with the mind’s internalized understanding of life and this goal.
Though we may seem greater, if the greats who came before us were truly the greatest and this path becomes occluded, what then?
In the future, we’ll forget creativity’s eminence. It won’t be something we realize we miss once it’s gone. The path from whence we came will be hidden and inconstructible. Adumbrating sensory overload will occlude our path, if we even think to look for it.
Socrates in Plato’s Republic, Book VI:
“And the soul is like the eye: when resting upon that on which truth and being shine, the soul perceives and understands and is radiant with intelligence; but when turned towards the twilight of becoming and perishing, then she has opinion only, and goes blinking about, and is first of one opinion and then of another, and seems to have no intelligence?”
Agency: Boundaries, Permeability and Maniability
Entities with agency do not exist in isolation. No man is an island. As a thought experiment, envision life on the sun. Can imagine plasma-based lifeforms evolving from the chaos of the magnetohydrodynamic systems of the sun? Perhaps imagine another entity with endless capacity and bandwidth for analysis and synthesis, but with little to no means of reaching back. Life forms may never evolve the means to walk on the moon. They can see everything, but they may never leave their realm. They want to reach back, but no solar flare could ever have the anticipated effect. This entity is the nadir of entity isolation. Some signal may stream in, but there is no signal out.
Imagine This Same Concept of Spectra Applied to Information. I Can’t Picture It
As communication infrastructure provides the foundation for metaphysical precipitation, boundaries dissolve, permeability parting the veils that part us. Information omnipresence is only restrained by the degree and voracity of its own deluge. Thus, we begin to converge. Our capacity for agency grows and we all become superempowered beings who share limitations on both our computational capacity and natural bounds on energy consumption.
The space between us dissolves. the speciation of information increases, but antifragile systems require some artificial constraints on spectral decoherence. Therefore, there will be paradoxical trends of both coherence and decoherence. We must struggle to retain a sense of our humanity and identity or we lose the capacity to grow stronger, both individually and together. Notwithstanding our need to cherish our memory of humanity and individuality, we will all quite literally become one. If the information that determines our metaphysical identity wasn’t hopelessly intractible, we could measure, analyze, synthesize and know this. Despite this sheer magnitude of infinity, we have philosopy.


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public interface VerifyingStream
Verifying Streams are able to verify data that has been signed by
SigningStream
objects.
| Method Summary | |
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int |
digestSize()
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void |
initVerify()
Initialize this stream for verification. |
void |
updateVerify(java.nio.ByteBuffer input)
Update the data which has been signed. |
boolean |
verify(java.nio.ByteBuffer signature)
Verify that the given signautre is a valid signautre on the updated data. |
| Method Detail |
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int digestSize()
void initVerify() throws KeyczarException
KeyczarException
- If a Java JCE error occurs.void updateVerify(java.nio.ByteBuffer input) throws KeyczarException
input
- Data which has been signed.
KeyczarException
- If a Java JCE error occurs.boolean verify(java.nio.ByteBuffer signature) throws KeyczarException
signature
- The signature to verify
KeyczarException
- If a Java JCE error occurs.
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About
This is the companion website for the paper “On the Nature of Software Merge Conflicts: a longitudinal study over 2,731 open-source Java projects hosted by Github”.
Team
Gleiph Ghiotto Lima de Menezes (UFF, Brazil)
Leonardo Gresta Paulino Murta (UFF, Brazil)
Márcio de Oliveira Barros (UNIRIO, Brazil)
André van der Hoek (UC Irvine, USA)
Raw Data for the Manual Analysis
Raw Data for the Automatic Analysis
Overview (click in the projects to see the details)
Publications
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank CNPq and FAPERJ for funding this project.
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF)
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


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Created by Rafael Gutiérrez / @abaddon_gtz /<EMAIL_ADDRESS>May 2016, JVMMX @ Nearsoft
EasyMock is the first dynamic Mock Object generator, relieving users of hand-writing Mock Objects, or generating code for them.
What is a Mock?
Are you mocking me?
In object-oriented programming, mock objects are simulated objects that mimic the behavior of real objects in controlled ways.
"However to fully understand the way people use mocks it is important to understand mocks and other kinds of test doubles."
Mocks and now Test Doubles!, really?!
Imposters
Tests Doubles are like Stunt Doubles in filming industry
The movie is the SUT and the leading actor is the real DOC
SUT is a System under test
DOC is a Depended-on Component
Basically, to isolate the code you want to test from its surroundings
A test double’s implementation is faster to execute
Minutes is FOREVER when we as developers want immediate feedback by running automated tests
Test those slow algorithms somewhere but not everywhere
Deterministic code produces the same result with the same input
Random behaviour, Time-depending behaviour?
Test doubles can lend a hand with these kinds of sources for nondeterministic behavior
There is always some conditions we can’t create using just the APIs and features of our production code
Code that depends on a third party API, internet connection, an specific file in some location, etc, etc.
Information about the interactions between the code under test and its collaborators
Encapsulation and information hiding is a good thing in your code but complicates testing
Do not add test code into your production code!
With a Test Double you can add code for-testing-only purposes
Stub
Verify logic independently when the SUT depends on indirect inputs from other components
Use a Test Stub to control the indirect inputs into the SUT
Variations:
Responder - valid indirect inputs
Saboteur - invalid indirect inputs
Temporary Test Stub - a DOC that is not yet available
Procedural Test Stub - procedural programming language
Entity Chain Snipping - complex network of objects
Spy or Recording Test Stub
Verify logic independently when the SUT has indirect outputs to other software components
Use a Test Spy as an observation point to capture the indirect outputs for later verification
Variations:
Retrieval Interface - interface to expose the recorded information
Self Shunt (loopback) - collapses the Test Spy and the Testcase Class into a single object
Inner Test Double - anonymous inner class
Indirect Output Registry - store data in a well-known place
Implement Behaviour Verification on the SUT
Expected method calls and values with it should respond
Mock Object compares the actual with the expected arguments and method calls and fails if they do not match
No need for assertions in the test method
Strict or Nice.
Strict Mocks - does not tolerate different order than the expected
Nice Mocks - tolerates out-of-order calls
All the expected behavior must be specified before the SUT is exercised
Dummy
Use a Fake Object to replace the component the SUT depends with a much lighter-weight implementation
Provide the equivalent services the real DOC provides
Variations:
Fake Databases - replace the persistent layer with in-memory HashTables or Lists
In-Memory Database - Dummy database with a small-footprint functionality
Fake Web Service - small hard-coded or data-driven implementation of real web service
Fake Service Layer - to testing user interfaces
1. Create Mock Object
static <T> T EasyMock.mock(Class<T> toMock)
2. Record the expected behaviour
3. Switch the Mock Object to replay state
Example: UserServiceImplFindByIdTest
When using EasyMock.mock()
the order of method calls is not checked.
Use EasyMock.strictMock()
to create a Mock Object that check the order of method calls.
Example: UserServiceImplActivateTest
Mock Objects created with EasyMock.mock()
will throw AssertionError
for all unexpected calls.
A Nice Mocks allows all method calls and returns appropriate empty values (0, null, false) for unexpected method calls.
Example: PaymentServiceImplChargeTest
In Record state the Mock Object does not behave like Mock Object, but it records method calls.
Only after calling replay()
, it behaves like Mock Object checking whether the expected method class are really done.
This means that in record state is where we specify what we expect from the Mock Object.
Use:
static <T> IExpectationSetters<T> expect(T value)
static <T> IExpectationSetters<T> expectLastCall()
To return a IExpectationSetters
which we can use to setting expectations for an associated expected invocation.
IExpectationSetters
to answer, return or throw something
IExpectationSetters<T> andAnswer(IAnswer<? extends T> answer)
IExpectationSetters<T> andReturn(T value)
IExpectationSetters<T> andThrow(Throwable throwable)
Example: IExpectationSettersToAnswerReturnOrThrowTest
IExpectationSetters
to stub responsesWe stub to respond to some method calls, but we are not interested in how often they are called, when they are called, or even if they are called at all.
IExpectationSetters<T> andStubAnswer(IAnswer<? extends T> answer)
IExpectationSetters<T> andStubReturn(T value)
IExpectationSetters<T> andStubThrow(Throwable throwable)
Example: IExpectationSettersToStubTest
IExpectationSetters
to specify the number of calls and verify()
IExpectationSetters<T> times(int count)
IExpectationSetters<T> times(int min, int max)
IExpectationSetters<T> once()
IExpectationSetters<T> atLeastOnce()
IExpectationSetters<T> anyTimes()
In EasyMock:
static void verify(Object... mocks)
Example: IExpectationSettersNumCallsTest
Object arguments are compared using equals()
when matching method calls in Mock Objects.
This could lead to some issues or maybe we could need a more flexible way to match method calls.
EasyMock
class contains a lot of predefined argument matchers for us to use!
Example: EasyMockArgumentMatchersTest
You can capture the arguments passed to Mock Objects.
In EasyMock
static <T> T capture(Capture<T> captured)
static x captureX(Capture<X> captured) // for primitives
Matches any value and captures it in the Capture
parameter for later access. You can also specify a CaptureType
telling that a given Capture should keep the first, the last, all or no captured values.
Example: CapturingArgumentsTest
Yes!


Judge blocks Trump’s attempt to make immigrants prove they have
by Stephen DinanA federal judge issued an order Saturday blocking President Trump’s proclamation that would have ordered government screeners to refuse entry to would-be immigrants who can’t prove they have their own health insurance.
Judge Michael Simon, an Obama appointee to the federal bench, said Mr. Trump’s Oct. 4 directive likely exceeds the boundaries of immigration law.
He put a four-week hold on the policy to give himself more space to hear full legal arguments, but he made clear he thinks Mr. Trump went too far in his steps to try to prevent immigrants from becoming a public burden.
“Congress has spoken directly to the circumstances in which an individual may be deemed to become a “financial burden” to the United States and has rejected the proclamation’s core premise,” the judge wrote.
In addition to finding the thrust of the proclamation against the law, he also said the insurance standards the president set out are probably unworkable.
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The mission of the Center is to support and coach committed higher education institutions to drive sustainable and systemic pedagogical, curricular and cultural reform so that a rapidly growing set of students has multiple meaningful project-based learning
(PBL) experiences. The Center serves as the hub for PBL in higher education by developing, curating and sharing best practices that advance the field.
We have created a set modules and resources for WPI’s first year, project-based seminar program (the Great Problems Seminars program) that attempt to help STEM students and faculty work through these issues with the goal of creating effective, equitable,
and inclusive teams. This paper/presentation will detail the structure of these modules, some of the results from a study done in connection with them, and what we have learned along the way.
We have developed several tools and modules to help students and faculty identify, manage, and mitigate these issues. Asset mapping and team asset charting are two tools we have used with over 150 students on project teams. Our research shows these tools
can improve equitable and effective teamwork by overcoming stereotypes, building student confidence, and minimizing task assignment bias. In module one and two, students fill out asset maps and discuss their assets (backgrounds, experiences, interests)
with their team members. Team members will then determine who will take on what parts of the project based on each member’s assets and areas they want to develop. In module three, teams use a mid-project team processing sheet to help assess the equity
and effectiveness of their division of labor, interactions, validation and uptake of one another's ideas, etc. They trouble shoot problem areas and discuss ways to reinforce what is working.


General Assembly offers Classes and Workshops Worldwide For Immediate Release General Assembly, which started in New York as a startup incubator, now offers classes and workshops in technology, design, and entrepreneurship, with campuses around the world in:
For more information, visit General Assembly's website (http://generalassemb.ly)


Click on a specific bullet item to load that respective scene.
Additionally, the viewport can be dragged around.
Enable developer tools to view logs.
- (DD) Click is not working(?), Zoom is working, Hotspot visible
- (CC) Click is working, Zoom is not working, Hotspot visible
- (CD) Click is not working(?), Zoom is not working, Hotspot is visible and zooming.
- (DC) Click is not working (wrong hotspot), Zoom is working, Hotspot invisible
and in every working zoom example i can move out of bounds(?)


Project Icarus
A 2-way communications system for High Altitude Ballooning. Works with Habitat.
By Sam Sully (@Sullore or jakeio on #highaltitude).
Use the form below to export 2-way packets transmitted by your payload.
Callsign:
Window start:
Window End:


Math Journal
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---
layout: default
---
Douwe Maan
is a person
-
Douwe Maan
was born in
the Netherlands
23 years ago, on
-
Douwe Maan
lives in
Mexico City
with his wonderful girlfriend
-
Douwe Maan
leads backend development at
GitLab
-
Douwe Maan
traveled
for 6 months visiting colleagues
around the world
-
Douwe Maan
studied Computer Science at
Utrecht University
Douwe Maan
is a developer
-
Douwe Maan
builds
web, mobile and desktop applications
-
Douwe Maan
caught
the programming virus at the age of nine
-
Douwe Maan
is pretty seriously seeing
Ruby & Ruby on Rails
-
Douwe Maan
likes to spice things up with
JavaScript, HTML & CSS
-
Douwe Maan
enjoys the occasional dinner-and-a-movie with
C# & .NET
-
Douwe Maan
spent two years together with
Objective-C & Cocoa (Touch)
-
Douwe Maan
has had flings with
Java (Android),
C (Pebble),
Haskell,
Prolog &
PHP
Douwe Maan
is a professional
-
Douwe Maan
shapes the future of software development at
GitLab
(backend lead; Feb 2015–present)
-
Douwe Maan
makes
B&B
owners’ lives easier at
Stinngo
(co-founder & CTO; Jan 2012–present)
-
Douwe Maan
built nifty utility iOS and Mac apps at
StudioDalton
(lead developer; Jan 2011–Aug 2012)
-
Douwe Maan
used to do boring old freelance PHP web development
(2005–2010)
-
Douwe Maan
hosts
this website
on GitLab Pages
-
Douwe Maan
holds the copyright to this site, obviously
Douwe Maan is social


256 Farben
•
•
•
•
•
After Gerhard Richter (b. 1932)
Press SPACE to begin. Use your RIGHT and LEFT arrow keys to move.
start over
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By John Kotronakis
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By John Kotronakis
Tries:
Score:


--- # Put a short, abstract-like thing in a file in _works. # Be really careful with quotes. Just use the escape (forward slash) layout: project title: "EE/ME 7 Car" date: "12/10/2019" #posts-tag: # Sections main: - h1: "Overview" slug: "" body: " EE/ME 7 is a freshmen lab class focused on mechatronics. Over the quarter we worked on 13 labs that explored various parts of a mechatronic system in depth, including motors, sensors, gears, and many other parts. The final project was to design and build a small car with a partner that moved in the direction of an ultrasonic pulse using only op-amps and transistors. Our car was designed to allow switching between bang-bang and PI control, although only the bang-bang version was ultimately tested.
 Special thanks are owed to the great Glen George, who taught me everything I know about op-amps and supported us throughout this project.
" - h1: "Circuit" slug: "circuit" body: " The circuitry behind this car needed to drive the motors with a 12 V supply (the easy part) and use two ultrasonic sensors to determine the direction it should turn in order to move towards an ultrasonic signal. This is the overall outline of the logic: All of these steps except for the PWM and motors (right/left included) are driven by op-amps. The red path represents PWM. Offsets had to be hand-tuned using several potentiometers. You can view a scan of the full circuit here. I go into more detail with each part below.The ultrasonic sensors used (L and R) output a voltage proportional to the intensity of an ultrasonic signal near their resonance frequency. In the first step, large resistors are used to ensure their currents are low (allowing use of op-amp idealities). Then, the left sensor output is sent through an inverting op-amp, turning its voltage negative.
The summer then adds the right sensor's voltage (VR) to the negative left sensor's voltage (VL). The summer also multiplied the value by a the natio of R4 to R5. The equavilent equation of this step is:
I've now turned two signals into a single singal voltage that increases when the ultrasonic pulse moves further left and decreases when the pulse moves further right!
Now we have a signal that changes based on the location of the ultrasonic pulse, but where is 0? That's what the offset is for. Using an oscilloscope we carefully tuned the potentiometer to make the signal 0 when the ultrasonic pulse was right in front of the car. This way a negative signal means turn right, and a positive signal means turn left! This part also has a fixed gain of 0.1.
The next part is where the two control mechanisms diverge. Due to time constraints we were only able to tune the bang-bang version, so I will go into that now (skip to the continuation of the PWM version)
Once that offset signal makes its way to the bang-bang part of the circuit, it splits into two paths. The unmodified signal goes to path (5), where it sends a TIP 112 into saturation and triggers the left motor. The other path is inverted and sent to a TIP 112 to trigger the right motor.
IF the voltage at (3) is negative, the voltage at (5) is also negative and the left motor does not turn on. The voltage at (4), however, is inverted to become positive, triggering the right motor. In the opposite case, a positive voltage at (3) means a positive voltage at (5) that triggers the left motor, but a negative voltage at (4) that does not trigger the right motor.
The gains were tuned to push the TIP112 into saturation at a small voltage difference between the left and right ultrasonic sensors. Skip to the circuit where (4) and (5) lead.
This is the PI part of the the PI control. The offset difference between the two ultrasonic sensors is the signal coming in. The integrator op-amp integrates that difference and multiplies it by a constant (), producing both the proportional and integral parts of the control. That output could feed directly into the pulse generator, but we included one additional offset to make sure the car traveled at about walking speed.
From (1), the signal traveled to CVOLT of our 50 Hz pulse generator. The pulse generator converted the analog signal into a digital one (PWM). This PWM signal then traveled to (2).
(1): analog→pulse generator→(2): digital PWM
The subtracted, offset, integrated, re-offset, and PWM-ized signal enters at (2) and splits into two for each of the motors. The top path is the left motor, which is unmodified except for a large resistor to keep current low and put the TIP112 into saturation.
The lower path, to the right motor, has a similar resistor and an additional op-amp. However, this op-amp takes 9V and 0V, so it inverts the signal about the line. If a 90% ON PWM signal enters through 2, the left motor is given 90% power and the right motor is given 10% power. When the signal is 50% ON, both motors are given 50% power.
Once the signal, whether it is bang-bang or PWM, reaches the TIP112, it puts it in saturation and current flows through the motor while the signal is HIGH (ON). The motor is powered with a separate supply and has a small flyback diode across it to safeguard against any inductive spikes from the motor.


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---
layout: post
title: back to 2.807 nautical
date: '2006-04-14T10:57:00.000+02:00'
author: Steven Van Acker
tags:
modified_time: '2008-01-16T09:39:15.926+01:00'
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5513234137363262204.post-2734191895758066078
blogger_orig_url: http://www.singularity.be/2006/04/back-to-2807-nautical.html
---
My projection to run 25 laps (10km) yesterday, was a bit optimistic.
I only managed o do 13 (5.2km).
In my defense, my right leg hurt from the start, I had eaten alot, it was very stormy and I was getting a huge blister smack in the middle of my left foot.
But I think the biggest factor is that I was running alone. It made time pass a lot more slowly.


--- title: Holiday Logos category: Settings order: 718 ---
To celebrate a holiday, we'll sometimes dress up our mascot Dax. This page serves as an archive for all the holiday logos that have been on DuckDuckGo in the past.
All logos, unless otherwise noted, were created by Valentin Ritz.
For more DuckDuckGo images, see our press pictures.
| Date | Event | Logo |
|---|---|---|
| June 5, 2014 | Reset the Net | |
| April 28, 2014 | Pocoyo | |
| April 12, 2014 | Yuri's Night | |
| April 2, 2014 | 46th anniversary of 2001: A Space Odyssey | |
| March 31, 2014 | 15th anniversary of The Matrix's release | |
| March 8, 2014 | International Women's Days | |
| February 14, 2014 | Valentine's Day | |
| January 19, 2014 | Edgar Allan Poe' 205th Birthday | |
| January 13, 2014 | National Rubber Ducky Day | |
| January 6, 2014 | Sherlock Holmes' 160th Birthday | |
| December 31, 2013 - January 1, 2014 | New Year's Eve and New Year's Day (noteworthy moments from 2013) | |
| December 5, 2013 | Nelson Mandela's passing | |
| November 23, 2013 | Doctor Who's 50th Anniversary | |
| November 7, 2013 | Marie Curie's 146th Birthday | |
| October 31, 2013 | Halloween | |
| October 5, 2013 | Robert Goddard's 131st Birthday | |
| September 24, 2013 | Jim Henson's 78th Birthday | |
| September 20, 2013 | Hiroshi Yamauchi's passing | |
| September 15, 2013 | Voyager becomes the first human-made object to leave the solar system | |
| August 25, 2013 | Sean Connery's 83rd Birthday | |
| August 6, 2013 | Andy Warhol's 85th Birthday | |
| July 10, 2013 | Mel Blanc's passing (24th anniversary) | |
| July 8, 2013 | Beck's 43rd Birthday | |
| July 5, 2013 | Douglas Engelbart's passing | |
| June 25, 2013 | George Orwell's 110th Birthday | |
| June 19, 2013 and selected days onwards | In support of the StopWatching.Us campaign | |
| June 5, 2013 | Adam Smith's 110th Birthday | |
| May 7, 2013 | Johannes Brahms' 180th Birthday | |
| April 25, 2013 | DNA Day | |
| April 14, 2013 March 19, 2013 |
Stop CISPA | |
| March 14, 2013 | Pi Day | |
| February 25, 2013 | Enrico Caruso's 140th Birthday | |
| February 19, 2013 | Nicolaus Copernicus' 540th Birthday | |
| February 14, 2013 | Valentine's Day | |
| January 4, 2013 | Issac Newton's 370th Birthday | |
| January 1, 2013 | New Year's Day | |
| December 27, 2012 | 190th birthday of Louis Pasteur | |
| December 21, 2012 | End of the world | |
| December 18, 2012 | 25th anniversary of Perl | |
| December 1, 2012 | World AIDS Day | |
| November 28, 2012 | In support of updating U.S. privacy laws | |
| November 26, 2012 | Charles Schulz's 90th birthday | |
| October 31, 2012 | Halloween | |
| October 27, 2012 | Niccolò Paganini's 230th birthday | |
| September 25, 2012 | International Talk Like a Pirate Day | |
| August 26, 2012 | Neil Armstrong's passing | |
| August 3, 2012 | National Watermelon Day (United States) | |
| July 26, 2012 | Blake Edwards' 90th birthday | |
| July 20, 2012 | Gregor Mendel's 190th birthday | |
| July 10, 2012 | Nikola Tesla's 156th birthday | |
| June 23, 2012 | Alan Turing's 100th birthday | |
| June 7, 2012 | Ray Bradbury's passing | |
| May 27, 2012 | Ibn Khaldun's 680th birthday | |
| May 20, 2012 | Frédéric Passy's 190th birthday | |
| May 18, 2012 | Bertrand Russell's 140th birthday | |
| May 17, 2012 | 1337 Unix time | |
| May 5, 2012 | Cinco de Mayo | |
| May 4, 2012 | Adam "MCA" Yauch's passing | |
| May 3, 2012 | George Paget Thomson's 120th birthday | |
| April 15, 2012 | Leonardo da Vinci's 560th birthday | |
| April 12, 2012 | GitHub's 4th birthday | |
| March 31, 2012 | Joseph Haydn's 280th birthday | |
| March 11, 2012 | Jean "Mœbius" Giraud's passing | |
| March 7, 2012 | John Herschel's 220th birthday | |
| February 29, 2012 | DuckDuckGo's first exact birthday |
|
| February 26, 2012 | Johnny Cash's 80th birthday | |
| February 14, 2012 | Valentine's Day | |
| February 4, 2012 | Charles Lindbergh's 110th birthday | |
| January 28-29, 2012 | The weekend of Data Privacy Day | |
| January 23, 2012 | Édouard Manet's 180th birthday | |
| January 18, 2012 | Day of protest against SOPA and PIPA | |
| January 15, 2012 | Jean-Baptiste "Molière" Poquelin's 390th birthday | |
| December 31, 2011 | New Year's Eve | |
| December 10, 2011 | Human Rights Day Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| November 18, 2011 | Official release of Minecraft Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| November 16, 2011 | American Censorship Day (thanks to the forums) |
|
| October 31, 2011 | Halloween Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| October 25, 2011 | Pablo Picasso's 130th birthday Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| October 24, 2011 | John McCarthy's passing (thanks to the forums) Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| October 22, 2011 | Franz Liszt's 200th birthday Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| October 5, 2011 | Steve Jobs' passing Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| October 3, 2011 | German Unity Day (thanks to the forums) Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| October 2, 2011 | Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's 142nd birthday Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| July 24, 2011 | Amelia Earhart's 114th birthday (thanks to the forums) |
|
| July 14, 2011 | Bastille Day (thanks to Bryce Romig) |
|
| July 10, 2011 | Nikola Tesla's 155th birthday (thanks to the forums user "pchammer") Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| July 4, 2011 | Independence Day (United States) (thanks to Bryce Romig) |
|
| June 21, 2011 | Summer Solstice (thanks to Bryce Romig) |
|
| June 19, 2011 | Father's Day (United States) (thanks to Bryce Romig) |
|
| June 18, 2011 | Free RPG Day (thanks to Michael Smith) |
|
| June 15, 2011 | Central lunar eclipse (thanks to Bryce Romig) |
|
| April 12, 2011 | 50th anniversary of the first human spaceflight Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| March 17, 2011 | Saint Patrick's Day (thanks to Bryce Romig) |
|
| March 12, 2011 | Request for donations to the Red Cross after the Japanese earthquake (thanks to the forums) Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| March 8, 2011 | Mardi Gras (thanks to Bryce Romig) |
|
| February 14, 2011 | Valentine's Day (thanks to the forums user "MrMagical") Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| February 28, 2011 | DuckDuckGo's third observed birthday (thanks to the forums user "MrMagical") |
|
| October 31, 2010 | Halloween (thanks to the forums user "MrMagical") Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |
|
| September 30, 2010 | In honor of a DuckDuckGo-influenced logo on Reddit (thanks to Mark Kata) Buy this holiday logo as a sticker. |


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