|
STEP 6: Embedding a Mute Button
|
It is not always necessary for a Beatnik Player to actually be playing music. When the control panel is set in SYSTEM display, then the mute button that appears in the top right corner will affect the Beatnik Player's global audio output. This includes all other player instances, regardless of whether or not they are even in the same document or window as the instance with the mute button.
In this example, we have used this principle to our advantage by embedding one player instance that serves purely as a common global mute button and does nothing more. Try playing some of the files embedded below by using the transport controls. Then, click on the mute button. You will notice that the music you started playing now becomes silent, and the mute button changes state to indicate that the Beatnik Player's global audio output has been muted. Now, if you click on the mute button a second time the global mute will once again be turned off, the mute button graphic will return to its original unmuted state, and the music will continue playing. Each time you click on the mute button the global mute state will toggle.
| "Ambient" by Brian Salter | |
| "Classical" arranged by Brian Salter | |
| "Jungle" by Brian Salter | |
| "Lounge" by Brian Salter | |
| "Modern Rock" by Paul Sebastien |
To drive home the point that the mute button affects the global audio output of the Beatnik Player, try playing several of the files simultaneously before clicking on the mute button. Sure, you'll have to endure a moment's cacophony, but it will be perfectly clear when you click the mute button that it is affecting the combined audio output of all Beatnik Player instances.
Now, for each of the player control panels, pop up the player's contextual menu and select the
Now, let's take a look at the source code for this example. The text that is highlighted indicates the code that is responsible for displaying the mute button. The rest of the code is resposible for embedding the other player instances that appear inside the table layout in the form of slim transport controls.

<EMBED
SRC="stub.rmf"
TYPE="audio/rmf"
WIDTH=40
HEIGHT=15
DISPLAY=SYSTEM
AUTOSTART=FALSE
LOOP=FALSE
PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.beatnik.com/to/?player"
>

"Ambient" by Brian Salter

<EMBED
SRC="ambient.rmf"
TYPE="audio/rmf"
WIDTH=144
HEIGHT=15
DISPLAY=SONG
AUTOSTART=FALSE
LOOP=FALSE
PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.beatnik.com/to/?player"
>

"Classical" arranged by Brian Salter

<EMBED
SRC="classical.rmf"
TYPE="audio/rmf"
WIDTH=144
HEIGHT=15
DISPLAY=SONG
AUTOSTART=FALSE
LOOP=FALSE
PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.beatnik.com/to/?player"
>

"Jungle" by Brian Salter

<EMBED
SRC="jungle.rmf"
TYPE="audio/rmf"
WIDTH=144
HEIGHT=15
DISPLAY=SONG
AUTOSTART=FALSE
LOOP=FALSE
PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.beatnik.com/to/?player"
>

"Lounge" by Brian Salter

<EMBED
SRC="lounge.rmf"
TYPE="audio/rmf"
WIDTH=144
HEIGHT=15
DISPLAY=SONG
AUTOSTART=FALSE
LOOP=FALSE
PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.beatnik.com/to/?player"
>

"Modern Rock" by Paul Sebastien

<EMBED
SRC="modern-rock.rmf"
TYPE="audio/rmf"
WIDTH=144
HEIGHT=15
DISPLAY=SONG
AUTOSTART=FALSE
LOOP=FALSE
PLUGINSPAGE="http://www.beatnik.com/to/?player"
>

|
In order to make the control panel only as big as the mute button, we first set the HEIGHT to 15 so that the control panel only displays the slim top portion. We then take advantage of a subtle little behavior of the control panel. That is, when the WIDTH is set to less than 144, the mute button of the control panel is always drawn against the right-hand side. So, while a WIDTH of 40 does not give the control panel enough room to display both the Beatnik symbol and the mute button that usually appear in the top portion of the SYSTEM display, it still gives the control panel enough room to display at least the mute button.
In order to illustrate this principle better, take a look at the control panels below where the WIDTH is progressively decreased, starting from 144 and ending at 41. At a WIDTH of 41, you can still see a tiny smidgen of the Beatnik "B" peeping through with player versions earlier than 2.1. But, with Beatnik Player versions 2.1 and higher, the mute button is clean.
With Beatnik Player versions earlier than 2.1, the mute button is shown as a speaker icon that becomes grayed out when the Beatnik Player's global audio output is muted. With versions 2.1 and higher, the mute button is shown as a pair of green and red on-off lights, where the red light is lit when the audio is muted and the green light is lit when the audio is not muted. With both styles of mute buttons, clicking anywhere on the mute button has the effects of toggling the global audio output's mute state.
The following table shows the different styles of mute button used in different versions of the Beatnik Player...
|


--- layout: default title: Fearghal Sheehan ---
Hi, thanks for visiting my site.
For more info about me, please visit my LinkedIn profile.
Fearghal Sheehan


Definition of an HTML5 Article
The <article> tag specifies independent, self-contained content. An article should make sense on its own and it should be possible to distribute it independently from the rest of the site.
Definition of an HTML5 Section
The <section> tag defines sections in a document. Such as chapters, headers, footers, or any other sections of the document.


| 1 | /* Aalto XML processor | |
| 2 | * | |
| 3 | * Copyright (c) 2006- Tatu Saloranta<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| |
| 4 | * | |
| 5 | * Licensed under the License specified in the file LICENSE which is | |
| 6 | * included with the source code. | |
| 7 | * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. | |
| 8 | * | |
| 9 | * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software | |
| 10 | * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, | |
| 11 | * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. | |
| 12 | * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and | |
| 13 | * limitations under the License. | |
| 14 | */ | |
| 15 | ||
| 16 | package com.fasterxml.aalto.impl; | |
| 17 | ||
| 18 | import javax.xml.stream.*; | |
| 19 | ||
| 20 | /** | |
| 21 | * Base class for all {@link XMLStreamException} instances that | |
| 22 | * we use. Sometimes used as is, but usually there should be more | |
| 23 | * specific sub-class that indicates class of exception. | |
| 24 | */ | |
| 25 | @SuppressWarnings("serial") | |
| 26 | public class StreamExceptionBase | |
| 27 | extends XMLStreamException | |
| 28 | { | |
| 29 | /** | |
| 30 | * D'oh. Super-class munges and hides the message, have to duplicate here | |
| 31 | */ | |
| 32 | final String mMsg; | |
| 33 | ||
| 34 | public StreamExceptionBase(String msg) { | |
| 35 | super(msg); | |
| 36 | mMsg = msg; | |
| 37 | } | |
| 38 | ||
| 39 | public StreamExceptionBase(Throwable th) { | |
| 40 | super(th.getMessage(), th); | |
| 41 | mMsg = th.getMessage(); | |
| 42 | ||
| 43 |
1
1. |
if (getCause() == null) { |
| 44 | initCause(th); | |
| 45 | } | |
| 46 | } | |
| 47 | ||
| 48 | public StreamExceptionBase(String msg, Location loc) { | |
| 49 | super(msg, loc); | |
| 50 | mMsg = msg; | |
| 51 | } | |
| 52 | ||
| 53 | public StreamExceptionBase(String msg, Location loc, Throwable th) { | |
| 54 | super(msg, loc, th); | |
| 55 | mMsg = msg; | |
| 56 | ||
| 57 |
2
1. 2. |
if (th != null && getCause() == null) { |
| 58 | initCause(th); | |
| 59 | } | |
| 60 | } | |
| 61 | ||
| 62 | /** | |
| 63 | * Method is overridden for two main reasons: first, default method | |
| 64 | * does not display public/system id information, even if it exists, and | |
| 65 | * second, default implementation can not handle nested Location | |
| 66 | * information. | |
| 67 | */ | |
| 68 | @Override | |
| 69 | public String getMessage() | |
| 70 | { | |
| 71 | String locMsg = getLocationDesc(); | |
| 72 | /* Better not use super's message if we do have location information, | |
| 73 | * since parent's message contains (part of) Location | |
| 74 | * info; something we can regenerate better... | |
| 75 | */ | |
| 76 |
1
1. getMessage : negated conditional → SURVIVED |
if (locMsg == null) { |
| 77 |
1
1. getMessage : mutated return of Object value for com/fasterxml/aalto/impl/StreamExceptionBase::getMessage to ( if (x != null) null else throw new RuntimeException ) → NO_COVERAGE |
return super.getMessage(); |
| 78 | } | |
| 79 |
2
1. getMessage : Replaced integer addition with subtraction → SURVIVED 2. getMessage : Replaced integer addition with subtraction → SURVIVED |
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(mMsg.length() + locMsg.length() + 20); |
| 80 | sb.append(mMsg); | |
| 81 | sb.append('\n'); | |
| 82 | sb.append(" at "); | |
| 83 | sb.append(locMsg); | |
| 84 |
1
1. getMessage : mutated return of Object value for com/fasterxml/aalto/impl/StreamExceptionBase::getMessage to ( if (x != null) null else throw new RuntimeException ) → KILLED |
return sb.toString(); |
| 85 | } | |
| 86 | ||
| 87 | @Override | |
| 88 | public String toString() { | |
| 89 |
1
1. toString : mutated return of Object value for com/fasterxml/aalto/impl/StreamExceptionBase::toString to ( if (x != null) null else throw new RuntimeException ) → NO_COVERAGE |
return getClass().getName()+": "+getMessage(); |
| 90 | } | |
| 91 | ||
| 92 | /* | |
| 93 | /********************************************************************** | |
| 94 | /* Internal methods | |
| 95 | /********************************************************************** | |
| 96 | */ | |
| 97 | ||
| 98 | protected String getLocationDesc() | |
| 99 | { | |
| 100 | Location loc = getLocation(); | |
| 101 |
2
1. getLocationDesc : negated conditional → SURVIVED 2. getLocationDesc : mutated return of Object value for com/fasterxml/aalto/impl/StreamExceptionBase::getLocationDesc to ( if (x != null) null else throw new RuntimeException ) → SURVIVED |
return (loc == null) ? null : loc.toString(); |
| 102 | } | |
| 103 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 43 |
1.1 |
|
| 57 |
1.1 2.2 |
|
| 76 |
1.1 |
|
| 77 |
1.1 |
|
| 79 |
1.1 2.2 |
|
| 84 |
1.1 |
|
| 89 |
1.1 |
|
| 101 |
1.1 2.2 |


--- title: Mega Man 11 Coming In 2018 date: 2017-12-05 00:00:00 Z tags: - mega - man layout: post author: Rajiblaze excerpt_separator: "" description: The blue bomber is back in a new adventure ---
Now’s a great time to be a MegaMan Fan. Capcom announced that Mega Man 11 will be coming to the Switch, PC, Xbox 1, and PS4 sometime late 2018. That’s right, we’re going back to good 'ol 2D Mega Man, but with a visual update. The art style will be drastically modernized, and I have to say at first glance, it looks really good. It reminded me of the art style Mighty No. 9 was attempting but actually accomplished. I’m interested in learning more, and I’m sure Capcom will show more as time goes on. But for now, we’re stuck with the announcement vid. That’s good enough for me, as I’m just happy a new Mega Man game is being made. And I’m very glad they’re sticking to his roots. After beating Cuphead, I was itching for some more run-and-gun action. Well here it is...until it’s released, that is. Check out the vid below!


| When | April 11, 2015 |
| Where | Santa Fe College Track |
| What | Three Competitions: Junior Solar Sprint - design and race a model solar car Solar Cook-off - design a solar cooker and develop a tasty recipe to cook in it. Extreme Solar Sprint (must be registered for the Junior Solar Sprint to compete in this new category) |
| How | Fill out registration form on this website and send in your Coach Waiver, Student Waivers and Registration Check to: Hands On Gainesville, Inc PO Box 357938 Gainesville, FL 32635-7938 |
| Why | To encourage future scientists and engineers to explore science in their community and to problem solve while designing their solar car models and solar cookers. (Oh, and to have fun!) |


| Private Outbox | Public Inbox | ||||||||
| Hub | Satellite | Hub | Satellite | ||||||
| - | no FWD | FWD | no FWD | FWD | |||||
| no email | - | no email | no email | - | |||||
| Machine Recipient | copy | copy | |||||||
| Cluster Recipient | forward | - | forward | - | |||||
| Remote Recipient | - | forward to hub | pass | - | pass | (defect script) forward to hub |
|||
| Confirmed Remote Recipient | - | pass | - | - | - |
|
There are four types of mailboxes:
For each one, first check if the recipient is on the Local Recipient list. If so, let the Recipient perform the appropriate action: copy or forward directly. If the recipient not found on the Local Recipient list, he seems to be remote. However, before we assume that he is remote, hub mailboxes perform a few checks just in case.
Set confirmedRemote flag = true;
Hub private outboxDispatchToNonLocal
Hub public inboxDispatchToNonLocal
ConfirmRemoteWithKnownEmail for hub mailboxesSearch for recipient on Confirmed Remote Recipient list.If found, return true Else (known email, but not confirmed remote)
AskUser (confirmed remote allowed or forbidden)Ask the user if this is a (1) cluster recipient. If confirmed remote recipient is allowed in this particular call, give the user option to mark him so (2) (only in configuration with e-mail collaboration). Also, give the user option to (3) change e-mail usage flag.
Satellite private outboxDispatchToNonLocal
Satellite public inboxDispatchToNonLocal
|


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% block content %}
{% blocktrans trimmed %} Only approved members of the Debian project (Debian Developers) are granted the permission to upload software packages into the Debian distribution. Still a large number of packages is maintained by non-official developers. How do they get their work into Debian when they are not allowed to upload their own packages directly? By means of a process called sponsorship. Sponsorship means that a Debian Developer uploads the package on behalf of the actual maintainer. The Debian Developer will also check the package for technical correctness and help the maintainer to improve the package if necessary. Therefore the sponsor is sometimes also called a mentor. {% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans trimmed %} Note, not only Debian Developer are allowed to review packages. Everyone is encouraged to review packages! We appreciate your efforts as well. {% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans with u_intro_maintainers=url_intro_maint u_sponsors=url_sponsors name=settings.SITE_NAME trimmed %} See our introductory page for maintainers and learn how to use {{ name }} and get your packages into Debian. Furthermore see our introductory page on sponsorship to learn how to get in touch with a sponsor. {% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans trimmed %} If you are curious about Debexpo, the software which is running this site, you can read more about Debexpo on the Debian Wiki. {% endblocktrans %}


If you'd like to visit our downtown campus, here's a map you can follow:
Why not listen to some 2000s music while driving to campus?


{{ partial "head.html" . }}
Given a task, Funnel will find a worker in a cluster, download input files, run the task in Docker, upload output files, and capture logs.
Download Learn moreFunnel is a young project and there's still a lot to do. It's usable, but important things are broken and missing.
{{ .Desc }}
{{ .Cmd }}
Join the Gitter channel.
Head over to GitHub and dig in.
We love hearing from users.
Tell us what you think.
Funnel is based on an open standard effort from the GA4GH.
Funnel is MIT licensed.
Do as you please.


Woeful Watford's home troubles continue with Burnley defeat
REUTERS: Bottom club Watford's miserable season continued with a 3-0 defeat to a clinical Burnley at Vicarage Road in the Premier League on Saturday.
Watford have now gone 11 league home games without a win while the victory ended a run of eight away games without a victory for Sean Dyche's Burnley.
Burnley, who move up to sixth place above Arsenal on goal difference, struggled to create opportunities in the first half but defended well against Watford's pressure.
The Hornets' Spanish winger Gerard Deulofeu broke free after a slip-up by James Tarkowski but Burnley's England international goalkeeper Nick Pope did well to save with his feet.
Just before the break, Pope again foiled Deulofeu, diving superbly to keep out his goal-bound free-kick.
The visitors took the lead through Kiwi international Chris Wood, who hooked home in the 53rd minute after a Tarkowski header from a corner was deflected towards him - the goal was Wood's sixth in six games.
Ashley Barnes made it 2-0 from the spot in the 83rd minute, converting after a VAR review ruled Jose Holebas had fouled Barnes in the box.
Defender Tarkowski then wrapped up the win, beating Ben Foster at the second attempt after being left unmarked from a free-kick.
The result makes back-to-back 3-0 wins for Burnley after their home victory over West Ham and it was their first clean sheet on the road since their last visit to Watford in January.
"It is a convincing win but hard-fought, in the first half we were miles off, we had a word at half time and we set out in a different manner in the second half," said Dyche.
"I reminded the players about discipline and to play on the front foot. Our defence kept us in the game in the first half, we did not look too much in trouble but Nick Pope deserves a lot of credit too," he said.
Watford defender Adrian Mariappa said he didn't feel the result was a fair reflection of the match.
"Playing the game it did not feel like a 3-0 defeat," he said. "In the first half we were quite comfortable and we are disappointed with the goals we conceded today. We need to go back to the drawing board, look back at this game and work in training".
(Reporting by Simon Evans; editing by Tony Lawrence)


Lying about 45nm east of Travemunde, this very pleasant seaside town and a popular summer destination. It is a useful staging post along this section of coast.
Position 54°09.21'N, 011°46.38'E.
The marina is just east of the pier.
Last updated March 2012.


Work Passionately
Happiness is the universal feeling we all aspire to experience more of, yet, we can be an angry, moody, depressed bunch, can’t
View MoreCreating electronic beats in the Malaysian Rainforest's
I have no age. I carry my years without submitting to the regimen of time and its chronology of dates and seasons
View MorePhotographer’s latest project reexamines time and space
I have no age. I carry my years without submitting to the regimen of time and its chronology of dates and seasons
View MoreCreating electronic beats in the Malaysian Rainforest's
I have no age. I carry my years without submitting to the regimen of time and its chronology of dates and seasons
View More


Configuration of LDAP parameters associated with an enterprise. This will enable authentication through an external LDAP server for this enterprise.
This object has no members.
Accept all certificates from the LDAP server
Format: free
SDK attribute: acceptAllCertificates
The certificate to authenticate with the LDAP server
Format: free
SDK attribute: certificate
To enable LDAP authentication for an enterprise, set this attribute to true. If enabled is set to false, authorizationEnabled attribute is ignored and LDAP is not used for authentication as well as authorization. The relationship between enabled and authorizationEnabled attributes is as follows, enabled = true, authorizationEnabled = false, LDAP is used only for Authentication enabled = true, authorizationEnabled = true, LDAP is used for both authentication and authorization. enabled = false, authorizationEnabled = true, LDAP is not used. enabled = false, authorizationEnabled = false, LDAP is not used.
Format: free
SDK attribute: enabled
Specify if scope of entity is Data center or Enterprise level
Allowed values: ENTERPRISE, GLOBAL
SDK attribute: entityScope
External object ID. Used for integration with third party systems
Format: free
SDK attribute: externalID
This attribute is a mandatory field for LDAP authorization. When LDAP is used for authorization for an enterprise, the group DN will be used to get the list of VSD specific groups in LDAP server for the enterprise. For example, OU=VSDGroups,DC=company,DC=com
Format: free
SDK attribute: groupDN
If this is specified, Prefix+Pre-definedGroupName will be used to look for users.
Format: free
SDK attribute: groupNamePrefix
If this is specified, Pre-definedGroupName+Suffix will be used to look for users.
Format: free
SDK attribute: groupNameSuffix
ID of the user who last updated the object.
Format: free
SDK attribute: lastUpdatedBy
This attribute is a mandatory field for LDAP authorization. Password that will be used to verify the integrity of groups and users in LDAP server for the enterprise.
Format: free
Min length: 1
Max length: 255
SDK attribute: password
Port to be used for the LDAP server
Format: free
SDK attribute: port
The LDAP server IP or FQDN
Format: free
SDK attribute: server
Enable SSL for communication with the LDAP server
Format: free
SDK attribute: SSLEnabled
The DN template to be used for authentication. The template needs to have a string _USERID_ in it. This will be replaced by the userId of the user who makes the REST API call. For example, template UID=_USERID_,OU=company,DC=com will converted to UID=admin,OU=company,DC=com and this will be used as DN for LDAP authentication.
Format: free
SDK attribute: userDNTemplate


Overview
This is part 3 of a summary of the book "A Cooperative Species, Human Reciprocity and Its Evolution" By Samuel Bowles & Herbert Gintis, 2011. Part 0 of this summary is found HERE.
This document is for educational purposes only.
Chapter 6. Ancestral Human Society
[ on how cooperation got bootstrapped in ancient times ]
Chapter 7. The Coevolution of Institutions and Behaviors
reproductive leveling contributes to the evolution of altruism.
Individual differences in size, health, information, behavior, and other influences on access to scarce resources [affect] reproductive success.
Among some other primates and especially among humans, reproductive leveling attenuates this relationship. Because altruists receive lower payoffs than other group members, they benefit from reproductive leveling because this attenuates the within-group selective pressures working against them
Chapter 8. Parochialism, Altruism, and War
by parochialism they mean religious intolerance, racism, xenophobia, which vary across cultures and over time.
The fact that altruism and parochialism may have a common evolutionary origin, whether cultural or genetic, does not mean that the two are inseparable. Examples of tolerant, even anti-parochial, altruism include subjects in some intergroup behavioral experiments, the electoral support in many countries for tax-supported economic aid to the people of poor nations, and the participation of people of all ancestral groups in political movements against racism.
Chapter 9. The Evolution of Strong Reciprocity
a predisposition to cooperate and a willingness to punish defectors is what we have termed strong reciprocity, and it is the combination of the two that is essential to the large-scale cooperation exhibited by our species
Punishment
- reduces the gain to free-riding, and
- induces self-interested individuals to cooperate
9.1 Coordinated Punishment
Summary
[ Previously it was argued that punishment improves group effectiveness, and that centralized punishment over large groups is a recent cultural evolution and still quite ineffective. This section shows how decentralized punishment works. ]
[ Outline of the model ] The initial period in the life of a group has three stages. a signaling stage in which at cost q, punishers can signal their intent to punish any defector. The cost of signaling is high enough that it does not pay to signal and then not to punish. a cooperation stage, during which individuals can choose to cooperate or defect. Cooperation costs the cooperator c and benefits each member of the group b=n. As usual, we assume b > c > b=n. Were there no punishment option, the interaction would be a public goods game (n-person prisoners’ dilemma) in which the dominant strategy would be to not cooperate. [ which is both why punishment is necessary and cooperative game theory + correlated equilibrium are good explanations, because people DO cooperate, but WOULD NOT if not for punishment along with a correlating device (our norms) ] a punishment stage in which individuals can coordinate with other punishers to administer punishment.
“second-order free-rider” problem : individuals who cooperate but do not punish outcompete the Punishers. [ there must be enough Punishers in the group to tolerate Cooperative Nonpunishers ]
9.2 Altruistic Punishment in a Realistic Demography
[ Computer simulations ]
9.3 The Emergence of Strong Reciprocity
[ Computer simulations … showing why “Opportunists” ruin a group ]
9.4 Why Coordinated Punishment Succeeds
[ why Punishers prevail in terms of the signals operated on by darwinian selection ]
9.5 A Decentralized Social Order
[ mentions Cosmides and Tooby (1992), Evolutionary Psychologists ]
While size, strength, and vigor generally determine the outcome of animal disputes, victory often involving great cost even to the winner, in human societies, through the use of coordination, stealth and deadly weapons, even a small number of attackers can defeat the most formidable single enemy at very low fitness cost to the attackers.
[ humans are excellent at clubbing and throwing projectile weapons compared to other animals ]
[ They criticize the the “folk theorem” as relying on ] fictive Rube Goldberg strategies. [ And here is why non-cooperative game theory works so hard at ensuring the truthful operation of participants ] (a) self-interested … members will typically have something to gain by misrepresenting the actions taken by others (b) [ mistakes happen, and with classical game theory this causes the group to spiral into anarchy ]
Modern large-scale societies, we observed, convert private to public information by judicial processes that took centuries to evolve and that presuppose that court officials, jury members, and law enforcement officers adhere to standards of professional conduct that preclude the unrestrained pursuit of self-interest.
Smaller scale ancestral groups devised other ways to convert private to public information. Gossip, group discussions with all or most members present, and taking meals in public are examples.
[ for larger groups, a decentralized approach is required, and an internalized correlating device ]
individuals who developed the capacity to internalize group-beneficial norms and to feel chastened when punished for violating these norms [and] groups that devote their socialization practices to this end [would thrive].
Chapter 10. Socialization
Conformist cultural transmission may arise for a variety of reasons, ranging from an evolved social learning strategy in which individuals regard the population frequency of a trait as a measure of its desirability, all the way to population-level institutional arrangements for the deliberate socialization of the young, in which the content reflects which types are prevalent in the population. We stress the latter for empirical reasons: most societies devote substantial time and resources to deliberately socializing the young to act in ways that are beneficial to others, and an adequate explanation of social preferences needs to take account of this fact
[ at some point along the way, cultural learning results in effective norms, and eventually these norms are internalized, either by socialization, or for certain powerful norms, genetically resulting in ] Gene-Culture Coevolution
a considerable fraction of the total available time of the members of most societies is spent teaching the young the proper way to behave, rather than providing for the nutritional and other needs of its members. But in addition to the cost of acquiring such a norm (u>0), there is a further cost: the rule will not be ideally suited to all situations, and its internalization deprives the individual of flexibility in dealing with such situations on a case-by-case basis
Why, then, are humans so susceptible to internalizing general rules? because it relieves the individual from calculating the costs and benefits in each situation and reduces the likelihood of making costly errors. [ precomputing frequently needed results for rapid access … similarly as with other more primary emotional reasoning ]
A similar argument led John Stuart Mill to remark, “Being rational creatures [sailors] go to sea with it [the Nautical Almanac] already calculated; and all rational creatures go out upon the sea of life with their minds made up on the common questions of right and wrong, as well as on many of the far more difficult questions of wise and foolish”
Chapter 11. Social Emotions
individuals maximize a utility function that includes five distinct motives:
one’s individual material payoffs, how much one values the payoffs to others, this depending on both one’s unconditional altruism and one’s degree of reciprocity, as well as one’s sense of guilt or shame in response to one’s own and others’ actions.
punishment :
- not only reduces material payoffs of those who transgress norms,
- but also may recruit emotions of shame toward the modification of behavior.
in some societies many defectors react to being punished by increasing their contribution to the group, even when the punishment does not affect material payoffs, consistent with the shame response,
in other societies [the punished] react by counterpunishing contributors, consistent with an anger response.
Social emotions in response to sanctions can thus either foster or undermine cooperation.
Reacting to sanctions, then, is often not a dispassionate calculation of material costs and benefits, but rather involves the deployment of culturally specific social emotions.
the altruistic punishment of shirkers by strong reciprocators can proliferate in a population and sustain high levels of cooperation,
social emotions and punishment of miscreants may be synergistic, each enhancing the effects of the other.
Chapter 12 Conclusion: Human Cooperation and Its Evolution
“Any animal whatever, endowed with well-marked social instincts, the parental and filial affections being here included, would inevitably acquire a moral sense or conscience, as soon as its intellectual powers had become as well developed, or nearly as well developed, as in man.” -- Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man Chapter IV (1873)
[ How did it get started? Some small tweak to ]
- kin-based altruism
- ceased discriminating against the non-kin members
- reciprocal altruism
- deleting the proviso that one should condition one’s behavior on expectations of future reciprocation
[these traits evolved ] over tens of thousands of generations and something like 150,000 foraging bands
models and simulations of our evolutionary past ... provide strong evidence that … the group structured nature of human populations could have been a significant influence on human evolution. we have also demonstrated the important contribution to the evolution of social preferences that could have been accomplished by the cultural transmission of empirically well-documented behaviors such as the internalization of norms, within-group leveling, and between-group hostility. preferences revealed in behavioral experiments and in other observations of human behavior is consistent with the view that genuine altruism provides the proximate explanation of much of human cooperation. [this means] a willingness to sacrifice one’s own interest to help others, including those who are not family members, and not simply in return for anticipated reciprocation in the future
The challenge of explaining the origins of human cooperation has
- Led us to study social and environmental conditions of life of mobile foraging bands and other stateless small-scale societies that arguably made up most of human society for most of the history of anatomically modern humans.
- Made noncooperative game theory (which assumes the absence of enforceable contracts) an essential tool. But ... most forms of contemporary cooperation are supported by incentives and sanctions based on a mixture of multilateral peer interactions and third-party enforcement, often accomplished by the modern nation-state.
It would thus be wise to resist drawing strong conclusions about cooperation in the 21st century solely on the basis of our thinking about the origins of cooperation in the Late Pleistocene.
But the fundamental challenges of social living and sustaining a livelihood that our distant ancestors faced are in many respects not fundamentally different from those we face today. Modern states and global markets have provided conditions for mutualistic cooperation among strangers on a massive scale.
altruistic cooperation remains an essential requirement of economic and social life
The reason is that neither private contract or governmental fiat singly or in combination provides an adequate basis for the governance of modern societies.
- Social interactions in modern economies are typically at best quasi-contractual.
- Some aspects of what is being transacted are regulated by complete and readily enforceable contracts, while others are not.
- Transactions concerning credit, employment, information, and goods and services where quality is difficult to monitor provide examples of quasi-contractual exchanges.
- Where contracting is absent or incomplete, the logic of Adam Smith’s invisible hand no longer holds.
- Decentralized markets fail to implement efficient allocations.
- governments typically lack the information, and often the motivation, necessary to provide adequate governance where markets fail or are absent.
We now know from laboratory experiments that subjects in marketlike situations with complete contracts tend to behave like the Homo economicus of the Adam Smith of The Wealth of Nations, but when their contracts are not complete their behavior fortunately resembles more the virtuous citizens of the Adam Smith of The Theory of Moral Sentiments.
Quotable
Thus, where the invisible hand fails, the handshake may succeed
social preferences such as a concern for the well-being of others and for fair procedures remain essential to sustaining society and enhancing the quality of life
[ Closing: ]
In a world increasingly connected not just by trade in goods but also by the exchange of violence, information, viruses, and emissions, the importance of social preferences in underwriting human cooperation, even survival, may now be greater even than it was among that small group of foragers that began the exodus from Africa 55,000 years ago to spread this particular cooperative species to the far corners of the world.
Part 0 : Overview of 14 key lessons of cooperative economics.
Part 1 : Overview of competing alternatives.
Part 2 : Failures of non-cooperative theory.


Attention: it is recommended to prepare icons in the desired colors. Replacing the palette and params in fly can be very heavy and is supported only by icons from lordicon.com.
| description | preview |
| default |
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| replace params (stroke size in this icon) |
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| replace palette |
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{% extends "dashboard/repository_settings/base.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% block content_panel %}
Overview of generated credentials to be used for accessing your localshop. Disabled credentials will receive a 403 error (unless specified in the access control list)
Credentials are simple UUIDs that you can use as Basic Auth credentials when using your localshop via a pip requirement file. Simply specify the index with
pip install -i http://<access key>:<secret_key>@{{ view.repository.simple_index_url }}/ ...
Warning: Please be aware that those credentials are transmitted unencrypted over http unless you setup your localshop instance to run on a server that serves pages via https.


We are sorry, but you will need to enable cookies and Javascript to use your Screen Name with this site. Click here if your browser does not automatically redirect you.


{# Main layout for the application. Mainly created so that the login page could be separated yet retain all the necessary packages and css from the global_layout. #} {% extends "global_layout.html" %} {% block app_content %} {% import "navigation_bar.html" as navigation_bar %}


Acura
Integra
1994
white
120
11.1.e mode attribute of submission element
Each submit control below submits the form with a different mode. Both must replace the page
with form data containing the value "white".
Submit with Synchronous
Submit with Asynchronous


Releasing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 19025 into the Slow ring
by Brandon LeBlancHello Windows Insiders, today we’re releasing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 19025.1051 (20H1) to Windows Insiders in the Slow ring. For details on what is included in this build and known issues, see this blog post. For a summary of all the new 20H1 features, see this article on Microsoft Docs.
Thanks,
BLB


http://www.susangranger.com/
Susan Granger's review of "THE PLEDGE" (Warner Bros.)
In this dark psychological drama, Jack Nicholson delivers a wrenching performance as a stressed-out Reno police detective facing retirement. On his last day at work, there's a grisly homicide. An eight year-old girl has been found slashed, raped and mutilated in the Nevada snow. Her distraught mother (Patricia Clarkson) forces him to promise to find the killer, intoning:"Do you swear by your soul's salvation on this cross made by our daughter?" Despite the "confession" of a retarded Native American (Benicio Del Toro), coerced by another cop (Aaron Eckhart), Nicholson is convinced that the child molester is not only still free but will strike again. So he ploddingly goes undercover, buying a local gas station and befriending a battered single mom (Robin Wright Penn) with a trusting young daughter (Pauline Roberts) he can use as bait.
Judging by Sean Penn's first two films ("The Indian Runner," "The Crossing Guard") and this, his directing choices are as quirky as his acting choices, beginning with extreme close-ups of Nicholson ice fishing, armed with a bottle of Glenfiddich. The sequence where Nicholson breaks the tragic news to the parents is set in the barn of a turkey farm; it's a long shot with no dialogue. That scene is profoundly moving, graceful and lyrical, as are Nicholson's conversations with the child's grandmother (Vanessa Redgrave) and a psychologist (Helen Mirren). But the story by Frederick Durrenmatt ("The Visit"), adapted by Jerzy and Mary Olson-Kromolowski, is flat and deliberate, almost lethargic, framed by Nicholson's bizarre ramblings and ruminations, resulting in an emotional detachment which is hard to overcome. On the Granger Movie Gauge of 1 to 10, "The Pledge" is a haunting 8, emerging as a subtle study of pathological obsession.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Find all the satellites of Saturn:
SELECT * WHERE { ?satellites <http://ontology.projectchronos.eu/astronomy/orbitsPlanet> <http://ontology.projectchronos.eu/solarsystem/Saturn>. }
Copy and paste the query above in the search box for a try
Find all the satellites in Solar System:
SELECT * WHERE { ?satellites <http://ontology.projectchronos.eu/astronomy/orbitsPlanet> ?planets. }
Copy and paste the query above in the search box for a try
Find all the Eart-like planets:
SELECT * WHERE { ?planets <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://ontology.projectchronos.eu/astronomy/TerrestrialPlanet> . }
Copy and paste the query above in the search box for a try
More to come:
Navigation of data will be soon improved by a point-and-click graphical interface.
You can take a look to the APIs:
The Wiki: on Github


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| These words spake Jesus, and lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, Father, the hour is come; glorify thy Son, that thy Son also may glorify thee:
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| ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ ᏥᏌ, ᎠᎴ ᏚᏌᎳᏓᏅᎩ ᏗᎦᏙᎵ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᏫᏚᎧᎿᎭᏅᎩ, ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ; ᎡᏙᏓ, ᎿᎭᏉ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ; ᎯᎸᏉᏓ ᏤᏥ, ᏤᏥ ᎾᏍᏉ ᏂᎯ ᏣᎸᏉᏙᏗᏱ.
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Na-s-gi hi-a nu-we-sv-gi Tsi-sa, a-le du-sa-la-da-nv-gi di-ga-do-li ga-lv-la-di wi-du-ka-hna-nv-gi, hi-a nu-we-sv-gi; E-do-da, hna-quo u-s-qua-lv-hv; hi-lv-quo-da Tse-tsi, Tse-tsi na-s-quo ni-hi tsa-lv-quo-do-di-yi.
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| As thou hast given him power over all flesh, that he should give eternal life to as many as thou hast given him.
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| ᎯᏯᎵᏍᎪᎸᏓᏁᎸᏰᏃ ᏂᎦᎥ ᎤᏇᏓᎵ, ᏧᏁᏗᏱ ᎾᎵᏍᏆᏗᏍᎬᎾ ᎬᏂᏛ ᎾᏂᎥ ᏖᎧᏁᎸᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ.
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Hi-ya-li-s-go-lv-da-ne-lv-ye-no ni-ga-v u-que-da-li, tsu-ne-di-yi na-li-s-qua-di-s-gv-na gv-ni-dv na-ni-v te-ka-ne-lv-hi ge-sv-i.
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| And this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent.
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| ᎯᎠᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏄᏍᏗ ᎬᏂᏛ ᎾᎵᏍᏆᏗᏍᎬᎾ-ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏣᎦᏙᎥᎯᏍᏗᏱ ᏂᎯ ᏨᏒᎯᏳ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᏒ ᏣᏁᎳᏅᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᎦᏙᎥᎯᏍᏗᏱ ᏥᏌ ᎦᎶᏁᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ Ꮎ ᎯᏅᏏᏛ ᏥᎩ.
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Hi-a-no na-s-gi nu-s-di gv-ni-dv na-li-s-qua-di-s-gv-na--na-s-gi ge-tsa-ga-do-v-hi-s-di-yi ni-hi tsv-sv-hi-yu u-do-hi-yu-sv Tsa-ne-la-nv-hi, a-le u-ni-ga-do-v-hi-s-di-yi Tsi-sa Ga-lo-ne-dv na-s-gi na hi-nv-si-dv tsi-gi.
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| I have glorified thee on the earth: I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do.
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| ᎬᎸᏉᏔᏅ ᎡᎶᎯ; ᎠᎩᏍᏆᏛ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᏍᎩᏁᎸᎯ ᏥᎩ ᏗᎩᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗᏱ.
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Gv-lv-quo-ta-nv e-lo-hi; a-gi-s-qua-dv di-ga-lv-wi-s-da-ne-di s-gi-ne-lv-hi tsi-gi di-gi-lv-wi-s-da-ne-di-yi.
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| And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was.
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| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ, ᏂᎯ ᎡᏙᏓ, ᏍᎩᎸᏉᏓ ᏨᏒ ᏗᏦᎸᎢ, ᎾᏍᎩᏯ ᎥᎩᎸᏉᏗᏳ ᏥᎨᏒᎩ ᏗᏦᎸ ᎠᏏᏉ ᏂᎬᎾᏛ ᎾᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬᎾ ᏥᎨᏒᎩ.
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Hna-quo-no, ni-hi E-do-da, s-gi-lv-quo-da tsv-sv di-tso-lv-i, na-s-gi-ya v-gi-lv-quo-di-yu tsi-ge-sv-gi di-tso-lv a-si-quo ni-gv-na-dv na-da-le-ni-s-gv-na tsi-ge-sv-gi.
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| I have manifested thy name unto the men which thou gavest me out of the world: thine they were, and thou gavest them me; and they have kept thy word.
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| ᏕᏣᏙᎥ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏂᎦᏥᏴᏁᎸ ᎠᏂᏍᎦᏯ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏔᏑᏰᏛ ᏗᏍᎩᎧᏁᎸᎯ ᏥᎩ. ᏗᏣᏤᎵᎦ ᎨᏒᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᏕᏍᎩᎧᏁᎸᎩ; ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᏍᏆᏂᎪᏔᏅ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏣᏤᎵᎦ.
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De-tsa-do-v gv-ni-ge-sv ni-ga-tsi-yv-ne-lv a-ni-s-ga-ya e-lo-hi ta-su-ye-dv di-s-gi-ka-ne-lv-hi tsi-gi. Di-tsa-tse-li-ga ge-sv-gi, a-le de-s-gi-ka-ne-lv-gi; a-le u-ni-s-qua-ni-go-ta-nv ka-no-he-dv tsa-tse-li-ga.
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| Now they have known that all things whatsoever thou hast given me are of thee.
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| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᎠᏂᎦᏔᎯᏳ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ, ᏂᎦᎥ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᏍᎩᏁᎸᎯ ᏥᎩ, ᏂᎯ ᏅᏓᏳᏓᎴᎲᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ.
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Hna-quo-no a-ni-ga-ta-hi-yu nu-li-s-ta-nv, ni-ga-v go-hu-s-di s-gi-ne-lv-hi tsi-gi, ni-hi nv-da-yu-da-le-hv-hi ge-sv-i.
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| For I have given unto them the words which thou gavest me; and they have received them, and have known surely that I came out from thee, and they have believed that thou didst send me.
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| ᏕᏥᏁᎸᏰᏃ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏍᎩᏁᎸᎯ ᏥᎩ; ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏚᎾᏓᏂᎸᏨ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᎦᏙᎥᏒ ᎤᏙᎯᏳᏒ ᏂᎯ ᏖᎲ ᏅᏛᏆᏓᎴᏅᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ; ᎠᎴ ᎤᏃᎯᏳᏅ ᏂᎯ ᏅᏓᏍᎩᏅᏏᏛ ᎨᏒᎢ.
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De-tsi-ne-lv-ye-no ka-no-he-dv na-s-gi s-gi-ne-lv-hi tsi-gi; a-le na-s-gi du-na-da-ni-lv-tsv, a-le u-ni-ga-do-v-sv u-do-hi-yu-sv ni-hi te-hv nv-dv-qua-da-le-nv-hi ge-sv-i; a-le u-no-hi-yu-nv ni-hi nv-da-s-gi-nv-si-dv ge-sv-i.
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| I pray for them: I pray not for the world, but for them which thou hast given me; for they are thine.
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| ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏥᏯᏓᏙᎵᏍᏓᏁᎭ; ᎥᏝ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏱᏥᏯᏓᏙᎵᏍᏓᏁᎭ, ᎾᏍᎩᏉᏍᎩᏂ Ꮎ ᏗᏍᎩᎧᏁᎸᎯ ᏥᎩ; ᏂᎯᏰᏃ ᏗᏣᏤᎵᎦ.
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Na-s-gi ga-tsi-ya-da-do-li-s-da-ne-ha; v-tla e-lo-hi yi-tsi-ya-da-do-li-s-da-ne-ha, na-s-gi-quo-s-gi-ni na di-s-gi-ka-ne-lv-hi tsi-gi; ni-hi-ye-no di-tsa-tse-li-ga.
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| And all mine are thine, and thine are mine; and I am glorified in them.
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| ᏂᎦᏛᏃ ᎠᏆᏤᎵᎦ ᏂᎯ ᏣᏤᎵᎦ, ᏂᎯᏃ ᏣᏤᎵᎦ ᎠᏴ ᎠᏆᏤᎵᎦ; ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏅᏗᎦᎵᏍᏙᏗᎭ ᎥᎩᎸᏉᏗᎭ.
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Ni-ga-dv-no a-qua-tse-li-ga ni-hi tsa-tse-li-ga, ni-hi-no tsa-tse-li-ga a-yv a-qua-tse-li-ga; a-le na-s-gi nv-di-ga-li-s-do-di-ha v-gi-lv-quo-di-ha.
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| And now I am no more in the world, but these are in the world, and I come to thee. Holy Father, keep through thine own name those whom thou hast given me, that they may be one, as we are.
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| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᎠᏴ ᎥᏝ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏱᎨᎠ, ᎯᎠᏍᎩᏂ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎠᏁᎭ, ᎠᏴᏃ ᏗᏦᎸ ᏫᏥᎦᏘ. ᎡᏣᎸᏉᏗᏳ ᎡᏙᏓ, ᏨᏒ ᏕᏣᏙᎥ ᎲᏗᏍᎨᏍᏗ ᏕᎯᏍᏆᏂᎪᏕᏍᏗ ᏗᏍᎩᎧᏁᎸᎯ, ᏌᏉᏉ ᎢᏳᎾᎵᏍᏙᏗᏱ, ᎾᏍᎩᏯ ᏂᎯ ᎠᏴᏃ ᏌᏉᏉ ᏥᎩ.
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Hna-quo-no a-yv v-tla e-lo-hi yi-ge-a, hi-a-s-gi-ni e-lo-hi a-ne-ha, a-yv-no di-tso-lv wi-tsi-ga-ti. E-tsa-lv-quo-di-yu E-do-da, tsv-sv de-tsa-do-v hv-di-s-ge-s-di de-hi-s-qua-ni-go-de-s-di di-s-gi-ka-ne-lv-hi, sa-quo-quo i-yu-na-li-s-do-di-yi, na-s-gi-ya ni-hi a-yv-no sa-quo-quo tsi-gi.
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| While I was with them in the world, I kept them in thy name: those that thou gavest me I have kept, and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition; that the scripture might be fulfilled.
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| ᎠᏏ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏥᎦᏥᏰᎳᏗᏙᎲᎩ, ᏕᏣᏙᎥ ᏕᏥᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏛᎩ; ᎾᏍᎩ ᏗᏍᎩᎧᏁᎸᎯ ᎦᏥᏍᏆᏂᎪᏔᏅ, ᎠᎴ ᎥᏝ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᏳᏲᎱᏒ Ꮎ ᎤᏩᏒ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᏪᏥ, ᎤᏙᎯᏳᏗᏱ ᎪᏪᎸᎢ.
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A-si e-lo-hi tsi-ga-tsi-ye-la-di-do-hv-gi, de-tsa-do-v de-tsi-s-qua-ni-go-do-dv-gi; na-s-gi di-s-gi-ka-ne-lv-hi ga-tsi-s-qua-ni-go-ta-nv, a-le v-tla a-si-yv-wi yu-yo-hu-sv na u-wa-sv a-yo-hu-hi-s-di u-we-tsi, u-do-hi-yu-di-yi go-we-lv-i.
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| And now come I to thee; and these things I speak in the world, that they might have my joy fulfilled in themselves.
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| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᏗᏦᎸ ᏫᏥᎦᏘ, ᎾᏍᎩᏃ ᎯᎠ ᏂᏥᏪᎠ ᎠᏂ ᎡᎶᎯ, ᎬᏉᎵᎮᎵᎬ ᎤᏂᎧᎵᎢᏍᏗᏱ ᎤᎾᏓᏅᏛᎢ.
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Hna-quo-no di-tso-lv wi-tsi-ga-ti, na-s-gi-no hi-a ni-tsi-we-a a-ni e-lo-hi, gv-quo-li-he-li-gv u-ni-ka-li-i-s-di-yi u-na-da-nv-dv-i.
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| I have given them thy word; and the world hath hated them, because they are not of the world, even as I am not of the world.
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| ᏕᏥᏁᎸ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏣᏤᎵᎦ; ᎡᎶᎯᏃ ᏗᏍᎦᎩᏳ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ, ᎡᎶᎯ ᎠᏁᎯ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎨᏒ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩᏯ ᎠᏴ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎨᎢ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏥᎩ.
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De-tsi-ne-lv ka-no-he-dv tsa-tse-li-ga; e-lo-hi-no di-s-ga-gi-yu nu-li-s-ta-nv, e-lo-hi a-ne-hi ni-ge-sv-na ge-sv i-yu-s-di, na-s-gi-ya a-yv e-lo-hi ge-i ni-ge-sv-na tsi-gi.
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| I pray not that thou shouldest take them out of the world, but that thou shouldest keep them from the evil.
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| ᎥᏝ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏗᎧᎲᏍᏗᏱ ᏱᏥᏔᏲᎯᎭ, ᏘᏲᏍᏙᏓᏁᏗᏱᏉᏍᎩᏂ ᎤᏲ ᎨᏒᎢ.
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V-tla e-lo-hi di-ka-hv-s-di-yi yi-tsi-ta-yo-hi-ha, ti-yo-s-do-da-ne-di-yi-quo-s-gi-ni u-yo ge-sv-i.
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| They are not of the world, even as I am not of the world.
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| ᎥᏝ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎠᏁᎯ ᏱᎩ, ᎾᏍᎩᏯ ᎠᏴ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎨᎢ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏥᎩ.
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V-tla e-lo-hi a-ne-hi yi-gi, na-s-gi-ya a-yv e-lo-hi ge-i ni-ge-sv-na tsi-gi.
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| Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth.
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| ᎦᏰᎪᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏣᏤᎵᎦ ᏖᏅᎦᎸᏓ; ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏣᏤᎵᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏰᎪᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ.
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Ga-ye-go-gi ni-ge-sv-na tsa-tse-li-ga te-nv-ga-lv-da; ka-no-he-dv tsa-tse-li-ga na-s-gi ga-ye-go-gi ni-ge-sv-na.
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| As thou hast sent me into the world, even so have I also sent them into the world.
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| ᏂᎯ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎠᎩᎷᎯᏍᏗᏱ ᏍᎩᏅᏏᏛ ᏥᎩ, ᎾᏍᎩᏯ ᎾᏍᏉ ᎠᏴ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎦᏥᏅᎵ ᎾᏍᎩ.
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Ni-hi e-lo-hi a-gi-lu-hi-s-di-yi s-gi-nv-si-dv tsi-gi, na-s-gi-ya na-s-quo a-yv e-lo-hi ga-tsi-nv-li na-s-gi.
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| And for their sakes I sanctify myself, that they also might be sanctified through the truth.
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| ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎨᏒ ᏅᏗᎦᎵᏍᏙᏗᎭ ᎦᏓᏅᎦᎵᎠ, ᎾᏍᏉ ᎤᏅᏒ ᎦᏰᎪᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᎾᎿᎭᏅᎦᎸᏙᏗᏱ.
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A-le na-s-gi hi-a ge-sv nv-di-ga-li-s-do-di-ha ga-da-nv-ga-li-a, na-s-quo u-nv-sv ga-ye-go-gi ni-ge-sv-na u-na-hna-nv-ga-lv-do-di-yi.
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| Neither pray I for these alone, but for them also which shall believe on me through their word;
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| ᎠᎴ ᎥᏝ ᎯᎠᏉ Ꮎ ᎤᏅᏒ ᏱᎦᏥᏯᏓᏙᎵᏍᏓᏁᎭ, ᎾᏍᏉᏍᎩᏂ Ꮎ ᎠᎾᎵᏥᏙᎲᏍᎬ ᎬᏉᎯᏳᎲᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᏥᎩ ᎦᏥᏯᏓᏙᎵᏍᏓᏁᎭ;
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A-le v-tla hi-a-quo na u-nv-sv yi-ga-tsi-ya-da-do-li-s-da-ne-ha, na-s-quo-s-gi-ni na a-na-li-tsi-do-hv-s-gv gv-quo-hi-yu-hv-s-gi i-yu-li-s-do-di tsi-gi ga-tsi-ya-da-do-li-s-da-ne-ha;
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| That they all may be one; as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be one in us: that the world may believe that thou hast sent me.
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| ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏌᏉᏉ ᎢᏳᎾᎵᏍᏙᏗᏱ, ᎾᏍᎩᏯ ᏂᎯ ᎡᏙᏓ ᏥᏍᎩᏯᎠ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏴ ᏥᎬᏯᎠ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏉ ᏌᏉᏉ ᎢᎦᎵᏍᏙᏗᏱ; ᎾᏍᎩᏃ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏗᏱ ᏂᎯ ᏅᏓᏍᎩᏅᏏᏛ ᎨᏒᎢ.
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Na-s-gi ni-ga-dv sa-quo-quo i-yu-na-li-s-do-di-yi, na-s-gi-ya ni-hi E-do-da tsi-s-gi-ya-a, a-le a-yv tsi-gv-ya-a, na-s-gi na-s-quo sa-quo-quo i-ga-li-s-do-di-yi; na-s-gi-no e-lo-hi u-wo-hi-yu-di-yi ni-hi nv-da-s-gi-nv-si-dv ge-sv-i.
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| And the glory which thou gavest me I have given them; that they may be one, even as we are one:
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| ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎥᎩᎸᏉᏙᏗ ᎨᏒ ᏂᎯ ᏍᎩᏁᎸᎯ ᏥᎩ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏥᏁᎸ, ᏌᏉ ᎢᏳᎾᎵᏍᏙᏗᏱ, ᎾᏍᎩᏯ ᏂᎯ ᎠᏴᏃ ᏌᏉᏉ ᏥᎩ;
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A-le na-s-gi v-gi-lv-quo-do-di ge-sv ni-hi s-gi-ne-lv-hi tsi-gi, na-s-gi ga-tsi-ne-lv, sa-quo i-yu-na-li-s-do-di-yi, na-s-gi-ya ni-hi a-yv-no sa-quo-quo tsi-gi;
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| I in them, and thou in me, that they may be made perfect in one; and that the world may know that thou hast sent me, and hast loved them, as thou hast loved me.
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| ᎠᏴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏥᏯᎥᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏂᎯ ᎠᏴ ᏍᎩᏯᎥᎢ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏧᏳᎪᏗᏯ ᏌᏉᏉ ᎢᏳᎾᎵᏍᏙᏗᏱ, ᎾᏍᎩᏃ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᎦᏙᎥᎯᏍᏗᏱ ᏅᏓᏍᎩᏅᏏᏛ ᎨᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏘᎨᏳᎯᏳ ᎨᏒᎢ, ᎾᏍᎩᏯ ᏍᎩᎨᏳᎢᏳ ᏥᎩ.
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A-yv na-s-gi ga-tsi-ya-v-i, a-le ni-hi a-yv s-gi-ya-v-i, na-s-gi tsu-yu-go-di-ya sa-quo-quo i-yu-na-li-s-do-di-yi, na-s-gi-no e-lo-hi u-ga-do-v-hi-s-di-yi nv-da-s-gi-nv-si-dv ge-sv-i, a-le na-s-gi ti-ge-yu-hi-yu ge-sv-i, na-s-gi-ya s-gi-ge-yu-i-yu tsi-gi.
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| Father, I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, be with me where I am; that they may behold my glory, which thou hast given me: for thou lovedst me before the foundation of the world.
|
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| ᎡᏙᏓ, ᎠᏆᏚᎵ ᎾᏍᏉ ᏗᏍᎩᎧᏁᎸᎯ ᎠᏴ ᎨᎥᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎣᎦᏕᏗᏱ, -ᎾᏍᎩᏃ ᎤᏂᎪᏩᏛᏗᏱ ᎥᎩᎸᏉᏛᎢ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏍᎩᏁᎸᎯ ᏥᎩ; ᏍᎩᎨᏳᎯᏳᏰᏃ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏏ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎾᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬᎾ ᏥᎨᏒᎩ.
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E-do-da, a-qua-du-li na-s-quo di-s-gi-ka-ne-lv-hi a-yv ge-v-i na-s-gi i-tsu-la-ha o-ga-de-di-yi, ---na-s-gi-no u-ni-go-wa-dv-di-yi v-gi-lv-quo-dv-i, na-s-gi s-gi-ne-lv-hi tsi-gi; s-gi-ge-yu-hi-yu-ye-no ge-sv-gi a-si e-lo-hi na-da-le-ni-s-gv-na tsi-ge-sv-gi.
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| O righteous Father, the world hath not known thee: but I have known thee, and these have known that thou hast sent me.
|
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| ᏣᏓᏅᏘ ᎡᏙᏓ, ᎡᎶᎯ ᎥᏝ ᏣᎦᏔᎯ ᏱᎩ, ᎠᏴᏍᎩᏂ ᎬᏩᏔᎯᏳ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᎦᏔᎯᏳ ᏍᎩᏅᏏᏛ ᎨᏒᎢ.
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Tsa-da-nv-ti E-do-da, e-lo-hi v-tla tsa-ga-ta-hi yi-gi, a-yv-s-gi-ni gv-wa-ta-hi-yu, a-le hi-a a-ni-ga-ta-hi-yu s-gi-nv-si-dv ge-sv-i.
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| And I have declared unto them thy name, and will declare it: that the love wherewith thou hast loved me may be in them, and I in them.
|
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| ᎠᏴᏃ ᏕᏣᏙᎥ ᎦᏥᎾᏄᎪᏫᏎᎸ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏎ ᏓᎦᏥᎾᏄᎪᏫᏎᎵ, ᎤᏁᎳᏗᏍᏙᏗᏱ ᎠᏴ ᏍᎩᎨᏳᎯᏳ ᎨᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏥᏯᎢ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏙᏗᏱ.
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A-yv-no de-tsa-do-v ga-tsi-na-nu-go-wi-se-lv, a-le a-se da-ga-tsi-na-nu-go-wi-se-li, u-ne-la-di-s-do-di-yi a-yv s-gi-ge-yu-hi-yu ge-sv-i, a-le a-yv na-s-gi ga-tsi-ya-i i-yu-li-s-do-di-yi.
|
|---|


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Norman Reedus
American actor, television host, and model. He is known for starring in the popular AMC horror drama series The Walking Dead as Daryl Dixon and in the film The Boondock Saints.


y86 Simulator
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# Execution begins at address 0 .pos 0 init: irmovl Stack, %esp # Setup stack pointer irmovl Stack, %ebp # Set up base pointer call Main # Execute main program halt # Terminate program # Array of 4 elements .align 4 array: .long 0xd .long 0xc0 .long 0xb00 .long 0xa000 Main: pushl %ebp rrmovl %esp,%ebp irmovl $4,%eax pushl %eax # Push 4 irmovl array,%edx pushl %edx # Push array call Sum # Sum(array, 4) rrmovl %ebp,%esp popl %ebp ret # int Sum(int *Start, int Count) Sum: pushl %ebp rrmovl %esp,%ebp mrmovl 8(%ebp),%ecx # ecx = Start mrmovl 12(%ebp),%edx # edx = Count xorl %eax,%eax # sum = 0 andl %edx,%edx # Set condition codes je End Loop: mrmovl (%ecx),%esi # get *Start addl %esi,%eax # add to sum irmovl $4,%ebx # addl %ebx,%ecx # Start++ irmovl $-1,%ebx # addl %ebx,%edx # Count-- jne Loop # Stop when 0 End: rrmovl %ebp,%esp popl %ebp ret # The stack starts here and grows to lower addresses .pos 0x100 Stack:
Code
Assembled
Result
By Victor Aguilar |
Instruction Set
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View on Github


Statistical functions to describe a Pareto Positive Stable (PPS)
distribution and fit it to real data. Graphical and statistical tools to
validate the fits are included.
| Version: |
1.1 |
| Depends: |
R (≥ 3.0.0) |
| Imports: |
graphics, grDevices, stats, ADGofTest, lmom, foreach, doParallel, parallel |
| Published: |
2015-09-02 |
| Author: |
Antonio Jose Saez-Castillo [aut, cre],
Faustino Prieto [aut],
Jose Maria Sarabia [aut] |
| Maintainer: |
Antonio Jose Saez-Castillo <ajsaez at ujaen.es> |
| License: |
GPL-2 | GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: |
no |
| In views: |
Distributions |
| CRAN checks: |
ParetoPosStable results |


Map Builder
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{{quote.description}}
Author: {{quote.author}}
submited by: {{quote.submittedby}}
This quote was generated on {{quote.completeDate|dateCount}} days ago


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block page_content %}
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Choose between {{b.Nmin}} and {{b.Nmax}} of this options


BRDF Evaluation Methods | |
We provide an interface for users to define a BRDF and its associated methods. All the functions receive an arbitrary void pointer where the programmer can store needed parameters. An "instance" of a BRDF is meant to be located at a certain point and to a certain viewing direction. The programmer must take care of this and store it in the arbitrary data pointer. | |
| typedef AtVector(* | AtBRDFEvalSampleFunc) (const void *brdf_data, float rx, float ry) |
| Returns a direction according to some distribution based on the reflectance of the BRDF. More... | |
| typedef AtColor(* | AtBRDFEvalBrdfFunc) (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the actual reflectance from a given direction to the viewer's direction. More... | |
| typedef float(* | AtBRDFEvalPdfFunc) (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the probability density for the above sample function at a certain incoming direction. More... | |
BRDF Integration | |
| AI_API AtColor | AiEvaluateLightSample (AtShaderGlobals *sg, const void *brdf_data, AtBRDFEvalSampleFunc eval_sample, AtBRDFEvalBrdfFunc eval_brdf, AtBRDFEvalPdfFunc eval_pdf) |
| Returns the direct radiance reflected from a light by the provided BRDF using MIS. More... | |
| AtColor | AiBRDFIntegrate (AtShaderGlobals *sg, const void *brdf_data, AtBRDFEvalSampleFunc eval_sample, AtBRDFEvalBrdfFunc eval_brdf, AtBRDFEvalPdfFunc eval_pdf, AtUInt16 ray_type, const AtRGB &weight) |
| Returns the indirect radiance reflected by the provided BRDF. More... | |
Pre-defined BRDFs | |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtColor | AiOrenNayarMISBRDF (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the Oren-Nayar BRDF multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the incoming light direction and the surface normal. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE float | AiOrenNayarMISPDF (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the result of the PDF used to importance sample the Oren-Nayar BRDF for the given direction. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtVector | AiOrenNayarMISSample (const void *brdf_data, float randx, float randy) |
| Returns a sample direction for the Oren-Nayar BRDF given two random values. More... | |
| AI_API void * | AiOrenNayarMISCreateData (const AtShaderGlobals *sg, float r) |
| Returns a pointer to the data required by AiEvaluateLightSample() to sample the Oren-Nayar BRDF using multiple importance sampling. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtColor | AiMicrofacetMISBRDF (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the microfacet BRDF multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the incoming light direction and the surface normal. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE float | AiMicrofacetMISPDF (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the result of the PDF used to importance sample the microfacet BRDF for the given direction. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtVector | AiMicrofacetMISSample (const void *brdf_data, float randx, float randy) |
| Returns a sample direction for the microfacet BRDF given two random values. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtColor | AiMicrofacetMISAverageFresnel (const AtShaderGlobals *sg, const void *brdf_data) |
| Returns the average Fresnel reflectance over the microfacets. More... | |
| AI_API void * | AiMicrofacetMISCreateData (const AtShaderGlobals *sg, int distribution, const AtVector *u, float eta, float rx, float ry) |
| Returns a pointer to the data required by AiEvaluateLightSample() to sample the microfacet BRDF using multiple importance sampling. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtColor | AiWardDuerMISBRDF (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the Ward-Duer microfacet BRDF multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the incoming light direction and the surface normal. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE float | AiWardDuerMISPDF (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the result of the PDF used to importance sample the Ward-Duer BRDF for the given direction. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtVector | AiWardDuerMISSample (const void *brdf_data, float randx, float randy) |
| Returns a sample direction for the Ward-Duer BRDF given two random values. More... | |
| AI_API void * | AiWardDuerMISCreateData (const AtShaderGlobals *sg, const AtVector *u, const AtVector *v, float rx, float ry) |
| Returns a pointer to the data required by AiEvaluateLightSample() to sample the Ward-Duer BRDF using multiple importance sampling. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtColor | AiAshikhminShirleyMISBRDF (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the incoming light direction and the surface normal. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE float | AiAshikhminShirleyMISPDF (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the result of the PDF used to importance sample the Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF for the given direction. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtVector | AiAshikhminShirleyMISSample (const void *brdf_data, float randx, float randy) |
| Returns a sample direction for the Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF given two random values. More... | |
| AI_API void * | AiAshikhminShirleyMISCreateData (const AtShaderGlobals *sg, const AtVector *u, const AtVector *v, float rx, float ry) |
| Returns a pointer to the data required by AiEvaluateLightSample() to sample the Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF using multiple importance sampling. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtColor | AiStretchedPhongMISBRDF (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the Stretched-Phong BRDF multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the incoming light direction and the surface normal. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE float | AiStretchedPhongMISPDF (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the result of the PDF used to importance sample the Stretched-Phong BRDF for the given direction. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtVector | AiStretchedPhongMISSample (const void *brdf_data, float randx, float randy) |
| Returns a sample direction for the Stretched-Phong BRDF given two random values. More... | |
| AI_API void * | AiStretchedPhongMISCreateData (const AtShaderGlobals *sg, float pexp) |
| Returns a pointer to the data required by AiEvaluateLightSample() to sample the Stretched-Phong BRDF using multiple importance sampling. More... | |
Microfacet distributions | |
| #define | AI_MICROFACET_BECKMANN 0x00 |
| Beckmann distribution (used by Cook-Torrance) | |
| #define | AI_MICROFACET_GGX 0x01 |
| GGX distribution. | |
Deprecated BRDF Evaluation API | |
| AI_API AI_PURE float | AiOrenNayarBRDF (const AtVector *L, const AtVector *V, const AtVector *N, float r) |
| Oren-Nayar diffuse BRDF. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE float | AiLommelSeeligerBRDF (const AtVector *L, const AtVector *V, const AtVector *N) |
| Lommel-Seeliger diffuse BRDF (aka lunar dust) More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE float | AiCookTorranceBRDF (const AtVector *L, const AtVector *V, const AtVector *N, const AtVector *u, const AtVector *v, float rx, float ry) |
| Cook-Torrance microfacet BRDF. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE float | AiWardBRDF (const AtVector *L, const AtVector *V, const AtVector *N, const AtVector *u, const AtVector *v, float rx, float ry) |
| Ward anisotropic BRDF. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE float | AiWardDuerBRDF (const AtVector *L, const AtVector *V, const AtVector *N, const AtVector *u, const AtVector *v, float rx, float ry) |
| Improved Ward-Duer anisotropic BRDF. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE float | AiAshikhminShirleyBRDF (const AtVector *L, const AtVector *V, const AtVector *N, const AtVector *u, const AtVector *v, float nx, float ny) |
| Ashikhmin-Shirley anisotropic specular BRDF. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE float | AiStretchedPhongBRDF (const AtVector *L, const AtVector *V, const AtVector *N, float n, bool retro=false) |
| Stretched-Phong BRDF. More... | |
Deprecated BRDF Integration API | |
| AtColor | AiOrenNayarIntegrate (const AtVector *N, AtShaderGlobals *sg, float r, const AtRGB &weight) |
| Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with an Oren-Nayar BRDF. More... | |
| AI_API AtColor | AiLommelSeeligerIntegrate (const AtVector *N, AtShaderGlobals *sg) |
| Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with a Lommel-Seeliger BRDF. More... | |
| AI_API AtColor | AiCookTorranceIntegrate (const AtVector *N, AtShaderGlobals *sg, const AtVector *u, const AtVector *v, float rx, float ry) |
| Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with a Cook-Torrance microfacet BRDF. More... | |
| AI_API AtColor | AiWardIntegrate (const AtVector *N, AtShaderGlobals *sg, const AtVector *u, const AtVector *v, float rx, float ry) |
| Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with the Ward BRDF. More... | |
| AI_API AtColor | AiWardDuerIntegrate (const AtVector *N, AtShaderGlobals *sg, const AtVector *u, const AtVector *v, float rx, float ry) |
| Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with an improved Ward-Duer BRDF. More... | |
| AI_API AtColor | AiAshikhminShirleyIntegrate (const AtVector *N, AtShaderGlobals *sg, const AtVector *u, const AtVector *v, float nx, float ny) |
| Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with the Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF. More... | |
| AtColor | AiMicrofacetBTDFIntegrate (const AtVector *N, AtShaderGlobals *sg, int distribution, const AtVector *u, float rx, float ry, float eta, bool entering, float dispersion, bool fresnel, AtColor transmittance, const AtColor &weight) |
| Computes the refracted indirect-radiance with a microfacet BTDF. More... | |
| AI_API AtColor | AiStretchedPhongIntegrate (const AtVector *N, AtShaderGlobals *sg, float exp) |
| Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with a stretched-Phong BRDF. More... | |
Deprecated BRDFs | |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtColor | AiCookTorranceMISBRDF (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the Cook-Torrance microfacet BRDF multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the incoming light direction and the surface normal. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE float | AiCookTorranceMISPDF (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
| Returns the result of the PDF used to importance sample the Cook-Torrance BRDF for the given direction. More... | |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtVector | AiCookTorranceMISSample (const void *brdf_data, float randx, float randy) |
| Returns a sample direction for the Cook-Torrance BRDF given two random values. More... | |
| AI_API void * | AiCookTorranceMISCreateData (const AtShaderGlobals *sg, const AtVector *u, const AtVector *v, float rx, float ry) |
| Returns a pointer to the data required by AiEvaluateLightSample() to sample the Cook-Torrance BRDF using multiple importance sampling. More... | |
| typedef AtVector(* AtBRDFEvalSampleFunc) (const void *brdf_data, float rx, float ry) |
Returns a direction according to some distribution based on the reflectance of the BRDF.
Returns the actual reflectance from a given direction to the viewer's direction.
| typedef float(* AtBRDFEvalPdfFunc) (const void *brdf_data, const AtVector *indir) |
Returns the probability density for the above sample function at a certain incoming direction.
| AI_API AtColor AiEvaluateLightSample | ( | AtShaderGlobals * | sg, |
| const void * | brdf_data, | ||
| AtBRDFEvalSampleFunc | eval_sample, | ||
| AtBRDFEvalBrdfFunc | eval_brdf, | ||
| AtBRDFEvalPdfFunc | eval_pdf | ||
| ) |
Returns the direct radiance reflected from a light by the provided BRDF using MIS.
This function takes a light sample from sg
and a BRDF to estimate the light coming from the light source in a robust way using multiple importance sampling (MIS).
| sg | Shading globals |
| brdf_data | An arbitrary data pointer that will be passed to the BRDF functions where you can store BRDF-specific parameters like roughness etc. |
| eval_sample | Sampling function for this BRDF |
| eval_brdf | BRDF evaluation function |
| eval_pdf | Probability distribution function for the given sampling funcion (normalized) |
|
inline |
Returns the indirect radiance reflected by the provided BRDF.
Applies the importance sampling Monte Carlo integration technique to compute an estimate of the indirect light that gets reflected by the provided BRDF in the direction sg->Rd
.
The eval_pdf
and eval_sample
parameters are a matching pair of functions that describe a sample probability density and its corresponding quantile function, respectively. Any pair of PDF and quantile functions that sample the entire non-zero region of the BRDF should in theory converge upon the same result given enough samples, however sample distributions that are specifically tuned to the provided BRDF should have a much faster rate of convergence.
This function ignores the reflected direct radiance contribution from light sources. Direct lighting is computed separately in a sampling loop of the shader.
| sg | Shading globals |
| brdf_data | An arbitrary data pointer that will be passed to the BRDF functions where you can store BRDF-specific parameters like roughness etc. |
| eval_sample | Sampling function for this BRDF |
| eval_brdf | BRDF evaluation function |
| eval_pdf | Probability distribution function for the given sampling function (normalized) |
| ray_type | Type of indirect sample rays this BRDF traces (AI_RAY_DIFFUSE or AI_RAY_GLOSSY) |
| weight | RGB weight applied to the result and used for Russian roulette termination for more efficient rendering with high GI depth |
sg->Rd
Returns the Oren-Nayar BRDF multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the incoming light direction and the surface normal.
This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Oren-Nayar BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiOrenNayarMISCreateData |
| indir | incoming light direction |
sg->Rd
| AI_API AI_PURE float AiOrenNayarMISPDF | ( | const void * | brdf_data, |
| const AtVector * | indir | ||
| ) |
Returns the result of the PDF used to importance sample the Oren-Nayar BRDF for the given direction.
This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Oren-Nayar BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiOrenNayarMISCreateData |
| indir | incoming light direction |
indir
| AI_API AI_PURE AtVector AiOrenNayarMISSample | ( | const void * | brdf_data, |
| float | randx, | ||
| float | randy | ||
| ) |
Returns a sample direction for the Oren-Nayar BRDF given two random values.
The samples are generated using importance sampling and have a probability density defined by AiOrenNayarMISPDF(). This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Oren-Nayar BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiOrenNayarMISCreateData |
| randx | uniformly random number in the [0,1) range. |
| randy | uniformly random number in the [0,1) range. |
| AI_API void* AiOrenNayarMISCreateData | ( | const AtShaderGlobals * | sg, |
| float | r | ||
| ) |
Returns a pointer to the data required by AiEvaluateLightSample() to sample the Oren-Nayar BRDF using multiple importance sampling.
The returned data is allocated in a pixel pool and does not need to be freed by the caller.
| sg | shader globals context |
| r | surface roughness, normalized in the [0, 1] range |
Returns the microfacet BRDF multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the incoming light direction and the surface normal.
This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in microfacet BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiMicrofacetMISCreateData |
| indir | incoming light direction |
sg->Rd
| AI_API AI_PURE float AiMicrofacetMISPDF | ( | const void * | brdf_data, |
| const AtVector * | indir | ||
| ) |
Returns the result of the PDF used to importance sample the microfacet BRDF for the given direction.
This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in microfacet BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiMicrofacetMISCreateData |
| indir | incoming light direction |
indir
| AI_API AI_PURE AtVector AiMicrofacetMISSample | ( | const void * | brdf_data, |
| float | randx, | ||
| float | randy | ||
| ) |
Returns a sample direction for the microfacet BRDF given two random values.
The samples are generated using importance sampling and have a probability density defined by AiMicrofacetMISPDF(). This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in microfacet BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiMicrofacetMISCreateData |
| randx | uniformly random number in the [0,1) range. |
| randy | uniformly random number in the [0,1) range. |
| AI_API AI_PURE AtColor AiMicrofacetMISAverageFresnel | ( | const AtShaderGlobals * | sg, |
| const void * | brdf_data | ||
| ) |
Returns the average Fresnel reflectance over the microfacets.
This can for example be used for weighting a diffuse component below the specular layer.
| sg | shader globals context |
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiMicrofacetMISCreateData |
| AI_API void* AiMicrofacetMISCreateData | ( | const AtShaderGlobals * | sg, |
| int | distribution, | ||
| const AtVector * | u, | ||
| float | eta, | ||
| float | rx, | ||
| float | ry | ||
| ) |
Returns a pointer to the data required by AiEvaluateLightSample() to sample the microfacet BRDF using multiple importance sampling.
The returned data is allocated in a pixel pool and does not need to be freed by the caller.
| sg | shader globals context |
| distribution | AI_MICROFACET_BECKMANN or AI_MICROFACET_GGX |
| u | surface tangent vector along the U coordinate |
| eta | refractive index for Fresnel, use 0 to disable Fresnel |
| rx | specular roughness along the U direction |
| ry | specular roughness along the V direction |
Returns the Ward-Duer microfacet BRDF multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the incoming light direction and the surface normal.
This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Ward-Duer BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiWardDuerMISCreateData |
| indir | incoming light direction |
sg->Rd
| AI_API AI_PURE float AiWardDuerMISPDF | ( | const void * | brdf_data, |
| const AtVector * | indir | ||
| ) |
Returns the result of the PDF used to importance sample the Ward-Duer BRDF for the given direction.
This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Ward-Duer BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiWardDuerMISCreateData |
| indir | incoming light direction |
indir
| AI_API AI_PURE AtVector AiWardDuerMISSample | ( | const void * | brdf_data, |
| float | randx, | ||
| float | randy | ||
| ) |
Returns a sample direction for the Ward-Duer BRDF given two random values.
The samples are generated using importance sampling and have a probability density defined by AiWardDuerMISPDF(). This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Ward-Duer BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiWardDuerMISCreateData |
| randx | uniformly random number in the [0,1) range. |
| randy | uniformly random number in the [0,1) range. |
| AI_API void* AiWardDuerMISCreateData | ( | const AtShaderGlobals * | sg, |
| const AtVector * | u, | ||
| const AtVector * | v, | ||
| float | rx, | ||
| float | ry | ||
| ) |
Returns a pointer to the data required by AiEvaluateLightSample() to sample the Ward-Duer BRDF using multiple importance sampling.
The returned data is allocated in a pixel pool and does not need to be freed by the caller.
| sg | shader globals context |
| u | surface tangent vector along the U coordinate |
| v | surface tangent vector along the V coordinate |
| rx | specular roughness along the U direction |
| ry | specular roughness along the V direction |
Returns the Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the incoming light direction and the surface normal.
This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiAshikhminShirleyMISCreateData |
| indir | incoming light direction |
sg->Rd
| AI_API AI_PURE float AiAshikhminShirleyMISPDF | ( | const void * | brdf_data, |
| const AtVector * | indir | ||
| ) |
Returns the result of the PDF used to importance sample the Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF for the given direction.
This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiAshikhminShirleyMISCreateData |
| indir | incoming light direction |
indir
| AI_API AI_PURE AtVector AiAshikhminShirleyMISSample | ( | const void * | brdf_data, |
| float | randx, | ||
| float | randy | ||
| ) |
Returns a sample direction for the Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF given two random values.
The samples are generated using importance sampling and have a probability density defined by AiAshikhminShirleyMISPDF(). This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiAshikhminShirleyMISCreateData |
| randx | uniformly random number in the [0,1) range. |
| randy | uniformly random number in the [0,1) range. |
| AI_API void* AiAshikhminShirleyMISCreateData | ( | const AtShaderGlobals * | sg, |
| const AtVector * | u, | ||
| const AtVector * | v, | ||
| float | nx, | ||
| float | ny | ||
| ) |
Returns a pointer to the data required by AiEvaluateLightSample() to sample the Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF using multiple importance sampling.
The returned data is allocated in a pixel pool and does not need to be freed by the caller.
| sg | shader globals context |
| u | surface tangent vector along the U coordinate |
| v | surface tangent vector along the V coordinate |
| nx | specular glossiness factor along the U coordinate |
| ny | specular glossiness factor along the V coordinate |
Returns the Stretched-Phong BRDF multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the incoming light direction and the surface normal.
This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Stretched-Phong BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiStretchedPhongMISCreateData |
| indir | incoming light direction |
sg->Rd
| AI_API AI_PURE float AiStretchedPhongMISPDF | ( | const void * | brdf_data, |
| const AtVector * | indir | ||
| ) |
Returns the result of the PDF used to importance sample the Stretched-Phong BRDF for the given direction.
This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Stretched-Phong BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiStretchedPhongMISCreateData |
| indir | incoming light direction |
indir
| AI_API AI_PURE AtVector AiStretchedPhongMISSample | ( | const void * | brdf_data, |
| float | randx, | ||
| float | randy | ||
| ) |
Returns a sample direction for the Stretched-Phong BRDF given two random values.
The samples are generated using importance sampling and have a probability density defined by AiStretchedPhongMISPDF(). This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Stretched-Phong BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiStretchedPhongMISCreateData |
| randx | uniformly random number in the [0,1) range. |
| randy | uniformly random number in the [0,1) range. |
| AI_API void* AiStretchedPhongMISCreateData | ( | const AtShaderGlobals * | sg, |
| float | pexp | ||
| ) |
Returns a pointer to the data required by AiEvaluateLightSample() to sample the Stretched-Phong BRDF using multiple importance sampling.
The returned data is allocated in a pixel pool and does not need to be freed by the caller.
| sg | shader globals context |
| pexp | Phong exponent used to control the glossiness of the BRDF |
| AI_API AI_PURE float AiOrenNayarBRDF | ( | const AtVector * | L, |
| const AtVector * | V, | ||
| const AtVector * | N, | ||
| float | r | ||
| ) |
Oren-Nayar diffuse BRDF.
This is the model described in: "Generalization of Lambert’s reflectance model", Oren and Nayar, SIGGRAPH 1994
This model considers rough surfaces to have a collection of microfacets with a statistical distribution of directions. The surface can be made rougher or smoother by changing the roughness parameter sigma, that controls the standard deviation (in radians) of the angle distribution of the microfacets. If sigma is zero, the surface is perfectly lambertian. Values greater than zero give the surface backscattering properties and a flatter look.
It uses essentially the same microgeometry as the Torrance-Sparrow model, but assumes that the underlying surface is diffuse, rather than specular.
| L | direction towards the light |
| V | direction towards the viewer |
| N | surface normal |
| r | surface roughness (sigma), normalized in the [0, 1] range |
| AI_API AI_PURE float AiLommelSeeligerBRDF | ( | const AtVector * | L, |
| const AtVector * | V, | ||
| const AtVector * | N | ||
| ) |
Lommel-Seeliger diffuse BRDF (aka lunar dust)
The Lommel-Seeliger volumetric scattering BRDF is a simple BRDF predicting scattering from a dusty surface. Dusty surfaces scatter the reflected light in all directions toward grazing angles to the surface. The BRDF is:
brdf(wi,wo) = 1 / (N.wi)+(N.wo)
The Lommel-Seeliger function is essentially a "distillation" of the Hapke function that does not contain the more complicated terms. It relies on the incidence and emergence angles alone. It ignores masking and shadowing.
The Lambert and Lommel-Seeliger functions represent end-members on a scale that ranges from an "icy-type" surface (Lambert) to a "lunar-type" surface (Lommel-Seeliger).
| L | direction towards the light |
| V | direction towards the viewer |
| N | surface normal |
| AI_API AI_PURE float AiCookTorranceBRDF | ( | const AtVector * | L, |
| const AtVector * | V, | ||
| const AtVector * | N, | ||
| const AtVector * | u, | ||
| const AtVector * | v, | ||
| float | rx, | ||
| float | ry | ||
| ) |
Cook-Torrance microfacet BRDF.
This is the specular BRDF described in: "Microfacet Models for Refraction through Rough Surfaces", by Walter, Marschner, Li and Torrance, Eurographics 2007. The paper presents a variation of the original Cook-Torrance BSDF extended to simulate transmission through rough surfaces, but here we only use the BRDF (reflection) part, not the full BSDF. We use the Beckmann microfacet distribution.
| L | direction towards the light |
| V | direction towards the viewer |
| N | surface normal |
| u | surface tangent vector along the U coordinate |
| v | surface tangent vector along the V coordinate |
| rx | surface roughness along the U direction |
| ry | surface roughness along the V direction |
| AI_API AI_PURE float AiWardBRDF | ( | const AtVector * | L, |
| const AtVector * | V, | ||
| const AtVector * | N, | ||
| const AtVector * | u, | ||
| const AtVector * | v, | ||
| float | rx, | ||
| float | ry | ||
| ) |
Ward anisotropic BRDF.
Ward's anisotropic BRDF, as described in: "Measuring and Modeling Anisotropic Reflection", Gregory J. Ward, SIGGRAPH 1992
With corrections and improvements from: "Notes on the Ward BRDF", Bruce Walter, Cornell University Technical report PCG-05-06
| L | direction towards the light |
| V | direction towards the viewer |
| N | surface normal |
| u | surface tangent vector along the U coordinate |
| v | surface tangent vector along the V coordinate |
| rx | surface roughness along the U direction, in [0, 1.0] |
| ry | surface roughness along the V direction, in [0, 1.0] |
| AI_API AI_PURE float AiWardDuerBRDF | ( | const AtVector * | L, |
| const AtVector * | V, | ||
| const AtVector * | N, | ||
| const AtVector * | u, | ||
| const AtVector * | v, | ||
| float | rx, | ||
| float | ry | ||
| ) |
Improved Ward-Duer anisotropic BRDF.
Improved Ward-Duer anisotropic specular BRDF as described in: "Bounding the Albedo of the Ward Reflectance Model", D. Geisler-Moroder and A. Duer, Technical Report, University of Innsbruck, March 2010
This solves two major problems with the (Walter-corrected) Ward BRDF: the severe darkening as you move towards grazing angles, and the divergence of the albedo at highly grazing angles.
| L | direction towards the light |
| V | direction towards the viewer |
| N | surface normal |
| u | surface tangent vector along the U coordinate |
| v | surface tangent vector along the V coordinate |
| rx | surface roughness along the U direction, in [0, 1.0] |
| ry | surface roughness along the V direction, in [0, 1.0] |
| AI_API AI_PURE float AiAshikhminShirleyBRDF | ( | const AtVector * | L, |
| const AtVector * | V, | ||
| const AtVector * | N, | ||
| const AtVector * | u, | ||
| const AtVector * | v, | ||
| float | nx, | ||
| float | ny | ||
| ) |
Ashikhmin-Shirley anisotropic specular BRDF.
This is the specular part of the BRDF model described in: "An Anisotropic Phong BRDF Model" Michael Ashikhmin, Peter Shirley Journal of Graphics Tools, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2000
| L | direction towards the light |
| V | direction towards the viewer |
| N | surface normal |
| u | surface tangent vector along the U coordinate |
| v | surface tangent vector along the V coordinate |
| nx | specular glossiness factor along the U coordinate |
| ny | specular glossiness factor along the V coordinate |
| AI_API AI_PURE float AiStretchedPhongBRDF | ( | const AtVector * | L, |
| const AtVector * | V, | ||
| const AtVector * | N, | ||
| float | n, | ||
| bool | retro | ||
| ) |
Stretched-Phong BRDF.
This is the BRDF described in: "Compact Metallic Reflectance Models", by Neumann, Neumann and Szirmay-Kalos, Eurographics'99. It is a physically-plausible BRDF based on modifications of the Phong, Blinn and Ward models. It has some nice properties that make it well suited for Monte Carlo ray tracing.
| L | direction towards the light |
| V | direction towards the viewer |
| N | surface normal |
| n | Phong exponent, in [2,inf) |
| retro | this is a rarely-used, optional argument; if enabled, the specular lobe is retro-reflective |
|
inline |
Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with an Oren-Nayar BRDF.
Computes the reflected indirect-radiance integrated over the hemisphere and weighted by the Oren-Nayar BRDF. The reflected radiance originates at sg->P
and goes along the sg->Rd
direction.
Use this as a view-dependant alternative to Lambert-based diffuse global illumination.
| N | normal vector that defines the hemisphere of incoming radiance |
| sg | shader globals context where reflected radiance is coming from |
| r | surface roughness, normalized in the [0, 1] range |
| weight | RGB weight applied to the result and used for Russian roulette termination for more efficient rendering with high GI depth |
sg->Rd
| AI_API AtColor AiLommelSeeligerIntegrate | ( | const AtVector * | N, |
| AtShaderGlobals * | sg | ||
| ) |
Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with a Lommel-Seeliger BRDF.
Computes the reflected indirect-radiance integrated over the hemisphere and weighted by the Lommel-Seeliger BRDF. The reflected radiance originates at sg->P
and goes along the sg->Rd
direction.
Use this as a view-dependant alternative to Lambert-based diffuse global illumination.
| N | normal vector that defines the hemisphere of incoming radiance |
| sg | shader globals context where reflected radiance is coming from |
sg->Rd
| AI_API AtColor AiCookTorranceIntegrate | ( | const AtVector * | N, |
| AtShaderGlobals * | sg, | ||
| const AtVector * | u, | ||
| const AtVector * | v, | ||
| float | rx, | ||
| float | ry | ||
| ) |
Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with a Cook-Torrance microfacet BRDF.
Computes the reflected indirect-radiance integrated over the hemisphere and weighted by the Cook-Torrance BRDF. The reflected radiance originates at sg->P
and goes along the sg->Rd
direction.
Use this for soft, blurred reflections, aka "glossy" reflection. Unlike in the older "Stretched Phong" BRDF, there is very little darkening at grazing angles, which makes this the recommended BRDF.
This function ignores the reflected direct-radiance contribution from light sources. Direct lighting is usually computed in the shader's light loop block.
| N | normal vector that defines the hemisphere of incoming radiance |
| sg | shader globals context where reflected radiance is coming from |
| u | surface tangent vector along the U coordinate |
| v | surface tangent vector along the V coordinate |
| rx | specular roughness along the U direction |
| ry | specular roughness along the V direction |
sg->Rd
| AI_API AtColor AiWardIntegrate | ( | const AtVector * | N, |
| AtShaderGlobals * | sg, | ||
| const AtVector * | u, | ||
| const AtVector * | v, | ||
| float | rx, | ||
| float | ry | ||
| ) |
Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with the Ward BRDF.
Computes the reflected indirect-radiance integrated over the hemisphere and weighted by the Ward BRDF. The reflected radiance originates at sg->P
and goes along the sg->Rd
direction.
Use this for soft, blurred reflections, aka "glossy" reflection.
| N | normal vector that defines the hemisphere of incoming radiance |
| sg | shader globals context where reflected radiance is coming from |
| u | surface tangent vector along the U direction |
| v | surface tangent vector along the V direction |
| rx | specular roughness along the U direction, in [0,1] |
| ry | specular roughness along the V direction, in [0,1] |
sg->Rd
| AI_API AtColor AiWardDuerIntegrate | ( | const AtVector * | N, |
| AtShaderGlobals * | sg, | ||
| const AtVector * | u, | ||
| const AtVector * | v, | ||
| float | rx, | ||
| float | ry | ||
| ) |
Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with an improved Ward-Duer BRDF.
Computes the reflected indirect-radiance integrated over the hemisphere and weighted by the physically plausible, anisotropic Ward-Duer BRDF. The reflected radiance originates at sg->P
and goes along the sg->Rd
direction.
Use this for soft, blurred reflections, aka "glossy" reflection.
| N | normal vector that defines the hemisphere of incoming radiance |
| sg | shader globals context where reflected radiance is coming from |
| u | surface tangent vector along the U direction |
| v | surface tangent vector along the V direction |
| rx | specular roughness along the U direction, in [0,1] |
| ry | specular roughness along the V direction, in [0,1] |
sg->Rd
| AI_API AtColor AiAshikhminShirleyIntegrate | ( | const AtVector * | N, |
| AtShaderGlobals * | sg, | ||
| const AtVector * | u, | ||
| const AtVector * | v, | ||
| float | nx, | ||
| float | ny | ||
| ) |
Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with the Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF.
Computes the reflected indirect-radiance integrated over the hemisphere and weighted by the Ashikhmin-Shirley BRDF. The reflected radiance originates at sg->P
and goes along the sg->Rd
direction.
This is the BRDF described in: "An Anisotropic Phong BRDF Model" Michael Ashikhmin, Peter Shirley Journal of Graphics Tools, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2000
| N | normal vector that defines the hemisphere of incoming radiance |
| sg | shader globals context where reflected radiance is coming from |
| u | surface tangent vector along the U direction |
| v | surface tangent vector along the V direction |
| nx | specular glossiness factor along the U coordinate |
| ny | specular glossiness factor along the V coordinate |
sg->Rd
|
inline |
Computes the refracted indirect-radiance with a microfacet BTDF.
The refracted radiance originates at sg->P
and goes along the sg->Rd
direction.
Use this for soft, blurred refractions, aka "glossy" refraction.
This function ignores the refracted direct-radiance contribution from light sources. Direct lighting is usually computed in the shader's light loop block.
u
, and ry
variables are currently not being used and will have no effect in the output of this BTDF. The current implementation is isotropic and uses rx
as its roughness parameter.| N | normal vector that defines the hemisphere of incoming radiance |
| sg | shader globals context where reflected radiance is coming from |
| distribution | AI_MICROFACET_BECKMANN or AI_MICROFACET_GGX |
| u | surface tangent vector along the U coordinate |
| rx | specular roughness along the U direction |
| ry | specular roughness along the V direction |
| eta | relative refractive index from to outside to the inside of the object |
| entering | must be set to true if entering the object, false if exiting |
| dispersion | Cauchy coefficient for dispersion. zero for no dispersion, higher values give more dispersion |
| fresnel | set to true to include Fresnel term in the resulting color |
| transmittance | transmitted light according to Beer's law |
| weight | RGB weight applied to the result and used for Russian roulette termination for more efficient rendering with high GI depth |
sg->Rd
| AI_API AtColor AiStretchedPhongIntegrate | ( | const AtVector * | N, |
| AtShaderGlobals * | sg, | ||
| float | pexp | ||
| ) |
Returns the reflected indirect-radiance with a stretched-Phong BRDF.
Computes the reflected indirect-radiance integrated over the hemisphere and weighted by the physically plausible stretched-Phong BRDF. The reflected radiance originates at sg->P
and goes along the sg->Rd
direction.
Use this for soft, blurred reflections, aka "glossy" reflection.
This function ignores the reflected direct-radiance contribution from light sources. Direct lighting is usually computed in the shader's light loop block.
| N | normal vector that defines the hemisphere of incoming radiance |
| sg | shader globals context where reflected radiance is coming from |
| pexp | Phong exponent, in [2,inf) |
sg->Rd
Returns the Cook-Torrance microfacet BRDF multiplied by the cosine of the angle between the incoming light direction and the surface normal.
This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Cook-Torrance BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiCookTorranceMISCreateData |
| indir | incoming light direction |
sg->Rd
| AI_API AI_PURE float AiCookTorranceMISPDF | ( | const void * | brdf_data, |
| const AtVector * | indir | ||
| ) |
Returns the result of the PDF used to importance sample the Cook-Torrance BRDF for the given direction.
This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Cook-Torrance BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiCookTorranceMISCreateData |
| indir | incoming light direction |
indir
| AI_API AI_PURE AtVector AiCookTorranceMISSample | ( | const void * | brdf_data, |
| float | randx, | ||
| float | randy | ||
| ) |
Returns a sample direction for the Cook-Torrance BRDF given two random values.
The samples are generated using importance sampling and have a probability density defined by AiCookTorranceMISPDF(). This function is useable by AiEvaluateLightSample() to perform MIS of the built-in Cook-Torrance BRDF.
| brdf_data | pointer to the data structure created by AiCookTorranceMISCreateData |
| randx | uniformly random number in the [0,1) range. |
| randy | uniformly random number in the [0,1) range. |
| AI_API void* AiCookTorranceMISCreateData | ( | const AtShaderGlobals * | sg, |
| const AtVector * | u, | ||
| const AtVector * | v, | ||
| float | rx, | ||
| float | ry | ||
| ) |
Returns a pointer to the data required by AiEvaluateLightSample() to sample the Cook-Torrance BRDF using multiple importance sampling.
The returned data is allocated in a pixel pool and does not need to be freed by the caller.
| sg | shader globals context |
| u | surface tangent vector along the U coordinate |
| v | surface tangent vector along the V coordinate |
| rx | specular roughness along the U direction |
| ry | specular roughness along the V direction |


Experimental QWIPU Schema files
See QWIPU_Data_Schema.pdf (downloaded from http://lehd.ces.census.gov/doc/QWIPU_Data_Schema.pdf on 2014-10-30) for more details. A similar document, created by Lars Vilhuber (Cornell University),
with download links to each of the machine-readable CSV files in this directory, is provided in lehd_public_use_schema.html.
To download this entire directory, please go up one level, click the checkbox next to the directory, and choose "download" from the top right menu.


Senior Developer / Technical Lead
Blueacornici
April 2019 - Present
Blueacornici - Raleigh, NC
- Created an internal Spring Boot and React application to manage over 500 employees' work experience and dynamically generate PDF resumes on entered information
- Configured and customized a design pattern library for a large bank using the Fractal framework
- Lead and developed a React and Redux application with Okta integration for AEM using the AEM SPA Mapper while providing support for Java servlet API implementation
Software Associate
Capgemini
June 2018 - April 2019
Synchrony Bank - Stamford, CT
- Developed and designed a NodeJS, React Redux application to manage marketing campaign codes
- Train and onboard additional developers for NodeJS and React development
- Implemented Google Analytics & Adobe Analytics tagging on a large scale website tracking 500,000+ visitors daily
- Created a JS test suite inside a tagging solution to automate validation of analytics tagging in lower environments
Open Source Software TA
Berea College
Aug 2017 - May 2018
Berea College - Berea, KY
- Taught 17+ students how to contribute to open source projects with Firefox Dev Tools as the course focus
- Led class workshops on getting started with JavaScript and React to prepare for Firefox project contribution
- Created assignments to introduce students to Git and its collaborative workflow
Software Engineering Intern
Applied Research in Acoustics
May 2017 - Aug 2017
Culpeper, VA
- Reduced time taken to train & evaluate an ML model by 50%+ by implementing multiprocessing via Java
- Queued tasks & jobs for ML training to different computers by leveraging RabbitMQ for Java
- Developed in Unity & C# while following a strong OOP paradigm to produce a simulation-based project


Often, I don't spend enough time thinking over a situation before I act.
I try to avoid activities where you have to act without much time to think first.
I don't like to make decisions quickly, even simple decisions, such as choosing what to wear, or what to have for dinner.
I enjoy working out problems slowly and carefully.
I am good at taking advantage of unexpected opportunities,where you have to do something immediately or lose your chance.
I would enjoy working at a job that required me to make a lot of split-second decisions.
I often make up my mind without taking the time to consider the situation from all angles.
I have often missed out on opportunities because I couldn't make up my mind fast enough.
I often say and do things without considering the consequences.
I frequently make appointments without thinking about whether I will be able to keep them.
I am uncomfortable when l have to make up my mind rapidly.
I don't like to do things quickly, even when I am doing something that is not very difficult.
I frequently buy things without thinking about whether or not I can really afford them.
I am good at careful reasoning.
I like to take part in really fast-paced conversations, where you don't have much time to think before you speak.
I like sports and games in which you have to choose your next move very quickly.
Many times the plans I make don't work out because I haven‘t gone over them carefully enough in advance.
I often get into trouble because I don't think before I act.
Most of the time, I can put my thoughts into words very rapidly.
People have admired me because I can think quickly.
I will often say whatever comes into my head without thinking first.
Before making any important decision, I carefully weigh the pros and cons.
I rarely get involved in projects without first considering the potential problems.