Loading spinner to indicate that something is loading.
Loading spinners can be used in buttons to indicate that an action has been executed and that we're waiting for something to happen before enabling the button again.
Use utility class for background color .bg-*
to spinner element when placed against other backgrounds.
.bg-light
.bg-dark
.bg-warning
.bg-primary
And so on... spinners can be used on any solid background by adding a bg-*
class either to the spinner element itself or to it's parent container. See available bg classes under the colors section.


Search Results
Origin Place: {{$ctrl.originPlace}}, DestinationPlace: {{$ctrl.destinationPlace}},
Outbound date: {{$ctrl.outboundPartialDate | date: "MMMM-dd-y"}},
Inbound date: {{$ctrl.inboundPartialDate | date: "MMMM-dd-y"}}
| QuoteId |
Min-Price |
Outbound Leg |
Inbound Leg |
Quote Date Time |
| {{Quote.QuoteId}} |
${{Quote.MinPrice}} |
|
Departure Date : {{Quote.OutboundLeg.DepartureDate}}
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Carrier Name : {{$ctrl.getCarrierName(Quote.OutboundLeg.CarrierIds["0"])}}
|
|
|
Departure Date : {{Quote.InboundLeg.DepartureDate}}
|
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Carrier Name : {{$ctrl.getCarrierName(Quote.InboundLeg.CarrierIds["0"])}}
|
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${{Quote.QuoteDateTime}} |


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The aim of this package is to deal with topic analysis of the meneamenews database.
Penn Treebank Tokenizer
The Treebank tokenizer uses regular expressions to tokenize text as in PennTreebank. This implementation is a port of the tokenizer sed script written by RobertMcIntyre and available at http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~treebank/tokenizer.sed.
Bases: nltk.tokenize.api.TokenizerI
The Treebank tokenizer uses regular expressions to tokenize text as in Penn Treebank. This is the method that is invoked by word_tokenize(). It assumes that the text has already been segmented into sentences, e.g. using sent_tokenize().
This tokenizer performs the following steps:
split standard contractions, e.g. don't -> do n't
treat most punctuation characters as separate tokens
split off commas and single quotes, when followed by whitespace
separate periods that appear at the end of line
>>> from topics.meneame_tokenizer import TreebankWordTokenizer
>>> s = '''Good muffins cost $3.88\nin New York.Please buy me\ntwo'''
>>> TreebankWordTokenizer().tokenize(s)
['Good', 'muffins', 'cost', '$', '3.88', 'in', 'New', 'York.',
'Please', 'buy', 'me', 'two']
>>> s = "They'll save and invest more."
>>> TreebankWordTokenizer().tokenize(s)
['They', "'ll", 'save', 'and', 'invest', 'more', '.']
The aim of the script is to train a Part of Speech (PoS) tagger.
After the PoS tagger has been created, it is pickled for subsequent use.


|
ChakrasThe word chakra has reached that special semantic plateau reserved for terms like "soul," "evil," "God" or "401(k)."You probably know people who like to pepper their conversations with these words. But when you ask them for a concrete definition of what the word means, they usually can't manage anything coherent. Chakra meant "wheel" in ancient Sanskrit. As a religious concept, the term originated in the Vedas, the Hindu equivalent of the Old Testament. The early Hindus believed the human soul was constructed of a cosmic energy called prana. This energy field was sometimes called the subtle body, or astral body, the metaphysical corollary to our gross human selves. The subtle body existed on another plane from physical reality. In order to guide the physical body, prana had to reach across the planes and manifest itself here in our world. When prana interfaces with the human body, it creates a little spinning vortex -- a chakra. The chakras tend to be centered around certain areas of the body, but they are not considered "of the body." There are six major chakras on the normal human frame, with a seventh floating just above the head. (There are also minor chakras, including chakras that can occur in nature without being connected to a human body.) Each of the seven major chakras is believed to have special qualities and colors. The details vary depending on whom you're talking to, but the general idea is as follows:
Once you get past these basic points, consensus thinking begins to deteriorate into "anything goes." Even within Hinduism and Buddhism, the two major religions which feature chakras prominently, there are any number of possible definitions for what, exactly, a chakra is supposed to be. In some texts, they're described as energy centers; in later texts they are characterized as an accumulation of consciousness. They are sometimes considered doors to put spiritual energy into the body, or valves to let that energy out. Chakras are an important part of various yoga and meditation practices, and they are used in some forms of magic. Reiki healing is centered on the chakras, and many practitioners of acupuncture use the chakras in combination with other subtle energy points on the body. The concept of subtle energy, sometimes called the refined energy, is extremely metaphysical. It's not exactly a soul. The chakras themselves are supposed to be located on the subtle body, rather than the physical body, but the primary way to interact with them is through the physical body. While refined energy is nothing like physical energy (light, heat, radiation, etc.), recent scientific studies suggest that there may be some sort of physical phenomenon associated with the chakras and acupuntcture points. A German research project found that the electrical resistance of the skin was connected to the stimulation of acupuncture points, which include the chakras. However, the study didn't indicate that the chakras tested differently from the other points. The notion of chakras as centers of consciousness is a little more compelling than simply calling them an "energy nexus," which is largely meaningless in context. It's probably not coincidental that the chakras correspond to physical locations where people commonly describe holding sensations or emotions, such as a "broken heart," a "gut instinct" or words that "catch in your throat." As an added bonus, there is currently no way to scientifically measure consciousness, which makes it difficult to prove this thesis wrong. All this ambiguity and loose terminology has had predictable side effects. For instance, a recent search on Amazon.com coughed up almost 4,500 books on chakras, and that's just books. With very little effort, the undiscriminating shopper can find and buy chakra candles, chakra spell kits, chakra incense, chakra music, chakra greeting cards, chakra tea, chakra perfumes, chakra-tuning herbs, chakra stones, chakra bracelets, and chakra chimes, among others. You can stick the word "chakra" on just about any prepackaged New Age product and add a markup of at least 20%. Are you peddling a love potion? Why not make it a Chakra Love Potion? Selling an occult talisman? You can charge more if it's a chakra talisman! The Rotten Library? Why not the Chakra Rotten Library? (OK, now you're just being ridiculous.)
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Hi to all!
I'll cut to the chase. I've bought a pre-asembled emonTx shield with an arduino uno. I did all the proper connections and uploaded the following firmware
#include "EmonLib.h"
EnergyMonitor ct1;
const int LEDpin = 9;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("emonTX Shield CT123 Voltage Serial Only example");
Serial.println("OpenEnergyMonitor.org");
ct1.current(1, 60.606);
ct1.voltage(0, 220.3, 1.0);
pinMode(LEDpin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH);
}
void loop()
{
ct1.calcVI(11,2000);
// Print power
Serial.print("Vrms:");
Serial.println(ct1.Vrms);
Serial.print("CT1:"); Serial.print(ct1.Irms);
Serial.print(" - ");
Serial.print(ct1.realPower);
Serial.print(" - ");
Serial.print(ct1.apparentPower);
Serial.print(" - ");
Serial.println(ct1.powerFactor);
Serial.println();
delay(2000);
}
Uno is powered from the pc usb port. I've connect a voltmeter to the mains power to get the reading and an amperemeter in series with the phase cable. The load is a heater with two scales. The CT is the YHDC SCT-013-000 and the AC-AC adapter is 8.5V and not 9.0V.
When I compile/run the code the readings I get with a single heating lamp are:
Vrms:132.58
CT1:1.61 - 111.36 - 213.83 - 0.52
while the multimeters display 220.5V and 1.54A.
And with the second lamp on,
Vrms:133.40
CT1:3.20 - 222.32 - 427.35 - 0.52
while the multimeters display 220.3V and 3.08A
As you see the Vrms is way too wrong the current is also wrong but it maybe normal as I haven't done any calibrations yet. I've used an oscillator to see the signal on R14 and it's a 50Hz AC signal with a DC offset of 2.5V and min value of 1.64V and max 3.36V, therefore I suppose there's no problem with the resistor divider.
Anyway I've also printed the values from EnergyMonitor::calcVI() function of the EmonLib.cpp where the Vrms is calculated and still can't figure out what is wrong. The values are the following:
VCAL: 220.30
SupplyVoltage: 5059
ADC_COUNTS: 1024
sumV: 4005907.75
numberOfSamples: 283
Vrms: 129.49
I'm a bit lost here, what's my mistake? I don't think that the 8.5VAC of the adapter is the problem but I don't have a 9VAC to test it. I thought I can use the 8.5V adapter and then make any adjustments by calibrating the paramaters.
I've tried to find the values of the variables that this setup displays meaningful values and I've ended to the following:
ct1.current(1, 58);
ct1.voltage(0, 362.8, 5.4);
Yeah I know, doesn't make sense.
Thank you in advance for any help.
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
First, the ac adapter will be a problem because the voltage (and hence the power) calibration depends on the adapter giving you 11.6 V out unloaded for 240 V in. Those are the numbers for our standard UK adapter. Your adapter is different, therefore you will need to measure the output voltage and input voltage simultaneously (yes, I know! I mean measure the second and hope the first doesn't change meanwhile) and recalculate the voltage calibration constant accordingly. I see you've changed the constant to a value that's way out, so that explains why your voltage reading is badly wrong. My guess - and it's only an educated guess - is if your adapter is labelled 8.5 V and your mains is exactly on specification at 220 V, then your voltage calibration coefficient is 293 approx, but using the values you measured on the input pin it should be 362.26. Using the latter value, your shield would report 217 V.
That doesn't however affect the current calibration, which is wrong by about 4%, and that's actually just within tolerance, though you can of course alter the current calibration too if you wish. All the details about calibration, both the theory and the procedure, are in Building Blocks.
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
Thank you for your response.
The adapter is rated at 8.5VAC 230V. I've measured the input voltage at 220.5 VAC and the output was at 8.5. So, if I understand it right it's not a problem to use the 8.5V adapter as long as I use an appropriate voltage coeficient (in my case 362.26). With that coefficient the readings I get are still valid, as it seems to be, correct?
What about the phase shift value which again is way out? It should be within the limits of 1.0 to 2.0 but in my case to get a power factor of 0.99-1.00 I need to use a value of 5.4. Is this ok?
Anyway, my concern is to just get valid readings even if the ac adapter is not the appropriate and the parameters are different from the sketches' defaults. Do you think that is ok if I use the parameters that I get meaningful readings or there's a problem that I can't think of?
Again thank you for your response.
Regards.
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
The whole purpose of the calibration constants is to correct for differences between what the designer expects and reality, where component tolerances come into play. If you use the "shop" parts, experience tells us that the default values overall are 'good enough' for many people and a good starting point for those who are able to do the full calibration. It's quite in order to change the values, especially when you've identified a reason for the change. (If you can't identify a reason, then that's an indication that something might be wrong, and some fault-finding is called for.)
The ac adapter is, where the Shield is concerned - the emonTx V3 is different, only used to measure the voltage. Any voltage above 1.5 V will do, but you might need to change a resistor if the output is markedly different from 9 V. In your case, 8.5 V is close enough to not warrant changing components even though you are losing a little in resolution.
The phase error is clearly not OK and could be giving you serious errors in the voltage measurement. For why, read Building Blocks about "Explanation of the phase correction algorithm". Basically, you're extrapolating 4.4 samples away. If your mains is a good sine wave, that's OK, but if you experience any distortion - like the 'flat-topping' I see, then it is not good. You can do very little about it without getting a better adapter.
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
Thanks Robert.
I will try to investigate further on the phase shift parameter and the reason it has to be that large to get a correct power factor. The sine seems pretty good, I think, I will be able to send you a photo later the evening.
Maybe I will also try to change the R13/R14 ratio to get closer to the specs that you've designed.
Of course, I know that it's not the shield's flow or the design, as also its very simple to just buy another AC adapter and everything be just fine. It's just that I'm trying to solve this in order to learn something because many years ago I've studied electronics and I really remember nothing than the ohm and kirchhoff law...
Again thanks for your time.
Regards.
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
Your phase shift problem unfortunately is a little deeper than that! Basically, it comes down to the design of the transformer. And you'll need to go very deeply into transformer design to understand what's going on there. Even I have to look it up in the text books to remind myself.
As a matter of interest, what frequency is your supply? I've only been able to test the 'shop' adapter at 50 Hz, so I've no idea how it behaves at 60 Hz for example.
I wouldn't change the resistor ratio. Although theoretically it will be better, I don't think you will see any gain. If you think about it, the current inputs usually work over a far smaller input range. You're seeing a range of 1.64 V to 3.36 V in 5 V, that's around 350 counts, and it's only when you get down to inputs of around 15 counts rms that the inherent inaccuracies of the sampling process become significant. If you do change anything, remember you need to cater for the maximum possible mains voltage and the worst case components, and that includes the adapter, divider resistors, the bias resistors and the 5 V supply voltage. It's worth reading what the component tolerances add up to in Building Blocks.
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
Hi Robert thanks for your reply and excuse my late response as things here i Greece are little weird after the referendum and I spend very little time in home.
Anyway, the mains power supply here in Greece is rated at 230V/50Hz and in my house I have a 3-phase installation. I suppose the phase difference and shift should be ok in my area as there aren't any industries around. Nevertheless the voltage is lower than the rated and I've checked with two different multimeters that gives almost the same readings. I've also checked the house's earth grounding and it's ok. Finally I would like to measure the transformers input and output simultaneously with the oscilloscope but as I remember it's not very good idea to do that with mains power and I don't know if the oscilloscope has a proper protection, maybe I try it with a UPS that gives a "good" sine. I still have to read a lot of stuff.
I also have a socket energy meter (expensive Chinese calibrated equipment that costs 10 euro, lol) that when I use the parameters in the first posts gives almost the exact results. Therefore, it seems to work ok for now but as you've said I should (and I will) go deep down to the problem as it's not robust and very little changes on the mains supply will do alot of difference, especially in the phase shift.
Thanks again Robert.
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
You say you have a 3 phase supply - you must be measuring the voltage and current for the same phase, or when you move to the 3-phase sketch, then voltage and CT1 must be on the same phase.
Until you have carefully checked, do not try measuring the mains with an oscilloscope. You are very likely to connect mains neutral to earth via your oscilloscope, and that may give a high current in the 'scope probe screened lead, or if you have RCD protection, will trip it. You need an isolating transformer that you can use to feed your ac adapter. Don't be tempted to do what was common practice years ago but which is now illegal (in the UK at least) - disconnect the 'scope earth.
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
Good morning Robert.
Indeed for the testings I used only one phase sketch with voltage and CT1 on the same phase and of course on real use later they will be on the same phase. I've measured again the transformer and it seems that I was very wrong about the output quality. I will need another transformer to get acceptable results as it's top and bottom are cut-off and maybe this explains the excess phase-shift value I need to use to get meaningful results. You've told me that before but I've trusted my memory that the output was ok, my fault.
Here I post the results (I didn't used the image tag).
CH1:R13/R14, CH2: SEC output (meas: CH1)
http://openenergymonitor.org/emon/sites/default/files/IMG_20150707_11155...
CH1:R13/R14, CH2: SEC output (meas: CH2)
http://openenergymonitor.org/emon/sites/default/files/IMG_20150707_11171...
I've also made a project on PartSim, to check my input voltage against the optimal and the real measured one of my transformer. The difference is around 200mV. Here is the link just for reference.
http://www.partsim.com/simulator/#33724
http://openenergymonitor.org/emon/sites/default/files/8V0.jpg
Therefore, until I get a decent transformer I will proceed with the rest project's target which is to connect the emonTx shield with an ESP8266 wifi module (IoT is hype right now :p) and then interface the energy meter with the EIB/KNX installation of the house and assign group addresses to the meter's output parameters.
I'll come back with the full project.
Robert, thanks again for your help and I appreciate your time.
Regards.
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
The only thing I would question is, could the mains supply really be that shape? If you look at the report on the Mascot and Ideal ac adapters, you can see that my mains voltage really is 'flat-topped', but not quite so distinctively as yours is. So try looking at the output of any transformer, or even wrap some aluminium foil around a wire to make a low-value capacitor, and look at the shape of that before you conclude that it is all down to the transformer that you have chosen. It just doesn't look quite like what I'd expect for a transformer that's saturating, it's more like an amplifier clipping.
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
Hi Robert.
Ok, you're right... It seems that it's the network's problem and not the transformer's. I've just tested a 12V ~1200mA AC/AC adapter (Ktec KA23A120120015G) and the results are the same as before, hence I suppose that it's relative.
This is the SEC output.
http://openenergymonitor.org/emon/sites/default/files/12V.jpg
So, what's your opinion on this? Is this something I should worry about in terms of consumption and devices safety or just ignore it? Do you think that this might be the reason for the exceed phase shift parameter value?
Regards.
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
Sorry for double posting.
I've made some test with the Ktec adapter and the results are much better by calculating the new calibration value as below.
ct1.voltage(0, 215.2, 1.25);
Now also the phase shift parameter is within the limits and gives very good results.
Vrms on multimeter: 232.6
VCAL: 215.20
SupplyVoltage: 5059
ADC_COUNTS: 1024
sumV: 13521581.00
numberOfSamples: 282
Vrms: 232.81
CT1:1.62 - 375.25 - 376.44 - 1.00
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
"So, what's your opinion on this? Is this something I should worry about in terms of consumption and devices safety or just ignore it? Do you think that this might be the reason for the exceed phase shift parameter value?"
I'm not sure what you're asking there. If it is 'Is the Ktek adapter going to have an excessive losses because it is rated at 1200 mA?' - possibly, but not necessarily. There are two components to transformer losses, those related to the transformer itself, and those related to the current it is delivering. You have (almost) zero secondary current, so the only losses are the transformer's own. If it gets warm in use, then it might be something to consider. If it runs cold, it's probably nothing to worry about. Obviously, you'd prefer zero losses but that's not possible given the need to put safety first.
If you are asking 'Is the excessive phase shift and excessive loss in the 8.5 V adapter linked?', then quite possibly they are!
If you're going to continue with the Ktek adapter, you just need to make sure that you don't have excessive volts at the ADC input at maximum mains voltage (which I think should be 230 V + 10% = 243 V).
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
Hi Robert.
You've fully covered all my questions. It seems that I will continue with the Ktek adapter as I finally get meaningful results, therefore; the only thing is left is to calibrate the CT parameter to get more precise current readings.
Also I've noticed that the 8.5V adapter was running too hot even without a load. After 2 days on the mains power of which the last day was unconnected, it was so hot I could barely hold it for couple of seconds. It's obvious that the transformer has problem.
Thank you for your advices and support!
Re: Weird emonTx shield readings
Hi again Robert.
Everything is fine now and while I'm finished with my little project I'm posting the code here for anyone who needs to interface the emonTx shield with an ESP8266 (is a cheap but excellent wifi transceiver with embedded tcp/ip stack) and retrieve UDP packets on a certain IP and port (I use a raspberry pi to listen to the UDP packets).
The sketch is here:
http://openenergymonitor.org/emon/sites/default/files/ard_energy_meter.ino
Some brief notes on the code and shield. To use it you need to connect the ESP8266 module to the RFM12B pads and the following image shows how.
TX. RX are the signals from the ESP8266. Also you have to replace resistors R7 and R20 as their value are too large to use for level translator, therefore R7 must be replaced with a 2K2 resistor and R20 with an 1K.
Also depending the Arduino board (mine is R3 UNO), it's 3V3 supply current may not be enough to drive the ESP8266. In my case there wasn't any problem but I've red that some people did have problems. Anyway, in that case you may need an AMS1117-3.3 or something similar to power the ESP8266 but I think it's no need to cover it here.
Finally, in the sketch you only have to edit the AP_SSID, AP_PASSWD, AP_SERVER_IP and AP_SERVER_PORT definitions with the ones that meet your Access Point and network setup. These values are stored also in the internal EEPROM, that's though are for mine future needs, so don't mind them. Also to enable or disable the debug output of the wifi module comment in or out the DEBUG_WIFI definition.
I hope I've explained it well enough.
Regards.


CRUD of Assets
This is just an overview of how to CRUD assets.
Create (HTTP Post)
To create an asset, you must do an HTTP POST to the OC-Exp. Site:
POST https://exp.orion.organicity.eu/v2/entities
Authorization: Bearer <AccessToken>
Content-Type: application/json
Accept: application/json
X-Organicity-Application: <ApplicationId>
X-Organicity-Experiment: <ExperimentId>
{
"id": "urn:oc:entity:experimenters:<MainExperimenterId>:<ExperimentId>:<AssetId>",
"type": "urn:oc:entityType:demo",
"TimeInstant": {
"type": "urn:oc:attributeType:ISO8601",
"value": "2016-10-04T13:45:00.000Z"
}
}
The response is a 201 Created
, which includes a location
header:
Status Code: 201 Created
...
Content-Length: 0
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Date: Tue, 20 Sep 2016 12:37:07 GMT
...
Location: https://discovery.organicity.eu/v0/assets/urn:oc:entity:experimenters:<MainExperimenterId>:<ExperimentId>:<AssetId>
...
Get (HTTP Get)
To read an asset, you must use the Asset Discovery Service.
You can simply do an HTTP GET on the location
header returnd by the creation:
GET https://discovery.organicity.eu/v0/assets/urn:oc:entity:experimenters:<MainExperimenterId>:<ExperimentId>:<AssetId>
Update (HTTP Update)
To update an asset, you must do an HTTP POST to the OC-Exp. Site.
JSON attributes id
and type
are not allowed! Be aware of the /attrs
in the URL:
POST https://exp.orion.organicity.eu/v2/entities/urn:oc:entity:experimenters:<MainExperimenterId>:<ExperimentId>:<AssetId>/attrs
Authorization: Bearer <AccessToken>
Content-Type: application/json
Accept: application/json
X-Organicity-Application: <ApplicationId>
X-Organicity-Experiment: <ExperimentId>
{
"TimeInstant": {
"type": "urn:oc:attributeType:ISO8601",
"value": "2016-10-04T13:45:00.000Z"
}
}
The response is a 204 No Content
:
Status Code: 204 No Content
...
Content-Length: 0
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Date: Tue, 20 Sep 2016 12:37:07 GMT
Delete (HTTP Delete)
To delete an asset, you must do an HTTP DELETE to the OC-Exp. Site:
DELETE https://exp.orion.organicity.eu/v2/entities/urn:oc:entity:experimenters:<MainExperimenterId>:<ExperimentId>:<AssetId>
Authorization: Bearer <AccessToken>
Accept: application/json
X-Organicity-Application: <ApplicationId>
X-Organicity-Experiment: <ExperimentId>
The response is a 204 No Content
, which tells you that assed was deleted.


Love 'em or hate 'em, someone's still eating them.
Where ya at, Pat?
1st & Pike
92374 1st St.
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A date with french canadian language
A date in canadian english
Testing if min-date works
{{model.Start}}


Animated Countdown Timer Counts down to a future date using text and class names to add styling to. Download (GitHub)


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: Mail Server down author: display_name: Tomas Restrepo login: tomasr email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: http://winterdom.com/ author_login: tomasr author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://winterdom.com/ wordpress_id: 342 wordpress_url: http://winterdom.com/2002/05/mailserverdown date: '2002-05-26 14:43:08 +0000' date_gmt: '2002-05-26 14:43:08 +0000' categories: - Personal tags: [] comments: [] ---
The server I use for mail, nicely maintained by Felix Kasza (the best postmaster around, mind you) seems to be completely unreachable from a large portion of the Net, apparently because of problems in the Sprint or Pair networks.
So if anyone feels like they need to reach me fast, use this other address.


- bet - Variable in class communications.Message
-
This message's bet
- bet() - Method in class entities.Spectator
-
Chooses a bet proportion randomly.
- Bet - Class in hippodrome.actions
-
- Bet(int, int) - Constructor for class hippodrome.actions.Bet
-
Creates a bet, given an identification horseJockeyId
and an amount of money money
.
- betAmount - Variable in class hippodrome.rollfilm.Spectator
-
Current amount of money spent on the current bet.
- bets - Variable in class hippodrome.BettingCentre
-
Internal structure of bets.
- betSelection - Variable in class hippodrome.rollfilm.Spectator
-
Current
Spectator
's bet selection of pair Horse/Jockey on run.
- BETTING_CENTRE_ACCEPT_THE_BETS - communications.MessageType
-
- BETTING_CENTRE_ARE_THERE_ANY_WINNERS - communications.MessageType
-
- BETTING_CENTRE_GET_NUMBER_OF_HORSES - communications.MessageType
-
- BETTING_CENTRE_GO_COLLECT_THE_GAINS - communications.MessageType
-
- BETTING_CENTRE_HAVE_I_WON - communications.MessageType
-
- BETTING_CENTRE_HONOUR_THE_BETS - communications.MessageType
-
- BETTING_CENTRE_HOST - Static variable in class configurations.ServerConfigurations
-
Definition of the Betting Centre host for the execution.
- BETTING_CENTRE_PLACE_A_BET - communications.MessageType
-
- BETTING_CENTRE_PORT - Static variable in class configurations.ServerConfigurations
-
Definition of the Betting Centre port for the execution.
- BETTING_CENTRE_SET_ABILITY - communications.MessageType
-
- BETTING_CENTRE_SHUTDOWN - communications.MessageType
-
Message representing a shutdown of the Betting Centre
- BETTING_CENTRE_TIME_TO_SLEEP - Static variable in class configurations.ServerConfigurations
-
Definition of the Betting Centre time to sleep for the execution.
- bettingCentre - Variable in class entities.Broker
-
- bettingCentre - Variable in class entities.HorseJockey
-
- bettingCentre - Variable in class entities.Spectator
-
- bettingCentre - Variable in class server.BettingCentreProxy
-
A Betting Centre instance.
- BettingCentre - Class in hippodrome
-
Place where the
Spectator
s place their bets on the winning horse.
- BettingCentre(int, int) - Constructor for class hippodrome.BettingCentre
-
Creates a Betting Centre.
- BettingCentreInterface - Interface in hippodrome
-
Interface of the place where the
Spectator
s place their bets on the winning horse.
- BettingCentreProxy - Class in server
-
Betting Centre endpoint representation on the server side.
- BettingCentreProxy() - Constructor for class server.BettingCentreProxy
-
Creates a Betting Centre Proxy instance.
- BettingCentreStub - Class in clients
-
Representation of a place where the
Spectator
s place their bets on the winning horse.
- BettingCentreStub() - Constructor for class clients.BettingCentreStub
-
- bettingQueue - Variable in class hippodrome.BettingCentre
-
The waiting queue to contact the
Broker
on its tasks.
- Broker - Class in entities
-
Implementation of a Entities, an essential character on a horse race action.
- Broker(int) - Constructor for class entities.Broker
-
Creates a Entities.
- BROKER_HOST - Static variable in class configurations.ClientConfigurations
-
Definition of the Broker port for the execution.
- BROKER_PORT - Static variable in class configurations.ClientConfigurations
-
Definition of the Broker port for the execution.
- brokerDidNotOrderToStartTheRace - Variable in class hippodrome.RacingTrack
-
Condition variable for the Entities to order the race to start.
- brokerDidNotReportResults - Variable in class hippodrome.ControlCentre
-
Condition variable for the Entities to report the results of the race.
- brokerDidNotSaidToAdvance - Variable in class hippodrome.Stable
-
Condition variable for noticing when the Broker does not want to the Spectators to advance.
- brokerDoesNotAllowToProceedToHaveIWon - Variable in class hippodrome.BettingCentre
-
Condition variable for noticing when Spectators must wait or not, to see if they've won.
- brokerHaveNotAcceptedTheBet - Variable in class hippodrome.BettingCentre
-
Condition variable for noticing when Entities have not accepted the bets yet.
- brokerState - Variable in class communications.Message
-
The state of this message's Broker
- brokerState - Variable in class server.ServiceProviderAgent
-
The state of a Broker
- BrokerState - Enum in entities
-
Enumeration of all Entities's states, given on its lifecycle.
- BrokerState() - Constructor for enum entities.BrokerState
-
- brokerStatus - Variable in class hippodrome.GeneralInformationRepository
-
Last taken snapshot of the
Broker
entity.


This documenent discusses proposed changes to PVData. These changes also require changes to pvAccess and to the the pvAccess network protocol.
The following are the changes required in pvData to support unsigned integers.
For C++ unsigned will be fully supported.
Because Java does not implement unsigned integers a "best" effort is implemented.
As part of the changes for unsigned support the C++ implementation will use size_t instead of int for everything related to size or length. This means that C++ on 64 bit architectures will support arrays of size greater than 2 gigaElements.
pvAccess will also have to be changed to support unsigned. The protocol specification already allows lengths greater than 2 gigaElements.
For C++ clients the use of the unsigned classes should be obvious because unsigned is fully supported. A Java client, because Java does not support unsigned, must take care when using the unsigned interfaces. The following gives an example for an unsigned scalar, an unsigned array, and usage of the Convert facility.
When a client uses one of the unsigned data interfaces, the client must be aware that get returns a signed not an unsigned type. For put the user must be aware that the implementation performs no checks for unsigned.
For example:
void someMethod(PVUByte pvValue) { byte val = pvValue.get(); if(byte<0) { // BE WARY IT IS AN UNSIGNED BYTE // COULD DO SOMETHING LIKE short uxxx = xxx; xxx &= 0x00FF; } // OR JUST short uxxx = pvValue.getWider(); }
When a client uses one of the unsigned data interfaces, the client must be aware that get is returning a signed not an unsigned type. For put the user must be aware that thye implementation performs no checks on the input value. For example:
void someMethod (PVUByteArray pvValue) { ByteArrayData data; int len = pvValue.getLenth(); int num = pvValue.get(0,len,data); byte[] value = data.data; // BE WARY MAY CONTAIN unsigned bytes // OR JUST short[] uvalue = mew Short[pvValue.getLength()]; num = pvValue.get(0,len,uvalue,0);
The Convert Facliity has methods to handle unsigned. Any methods that internally performs a widening operation implements the proper semantics. For example if the conversion is from a byte to a short and the byte is unsigned the upper bits are set to 0 after the byte is copied to the short.
In addition the Convert Facliity has methods that support unsigned. For example:
fromUByte(PVField pv,byte from);
If the PVField is a wider type: pvShort, pvUShort,pvInt,pvUUnt,pvLong,pvULONG then the upper bits are set to 0
The following:
will be changed to:
The following:
enum ScalarType { pvBoolean, pvByte,pvShort,pvInt,pvLong, pvFloat,pvDouble, pvString; // The following are convenience methods public boolean isInteger(); public boolean isNumeric(); public boolean isPrimitive(); public static ScalarType getScalarType(String type); public String toString(); }
Will be changed to:
enum ScalarType { pvBoolean, pvByte,pvShort,pvInt,pvLong, pvUByte,pvUShort,pvUInt,pvULong, pvFloat,pvDouble, pvString; // The following are convenience methods public boolean isInteger(); public boolean isUInteger(); public boolean isNumeric(); public boolean isPrimitive(); public static ScalarType getScalarType(String type); public String toString(); }
where
In C++ there is a set of typedefs for the primitive types. The following will be added for unsigned types:
typedef uint8_t uint8; typedef uint16_t uint16; // definitions for uint32 and uint54 already exist typedef uint8 * UByteArray; typedef uint16 * UShortArray; typedef uint32 * UIntArray; typedef uint64 * ULongArray;
No changes.
The following:
Each scalar type has an associated data interface: PVBoolean, PVByte, PVShort, PVInt, PVLong, PVFloat, PVDouble, and PVString.
Will be changed to:
Each scalar type has an associated data interface: PVBoolean, PVByte, PVShort, PVInt, PVLong, PVUByte, PVUShort, PVUInt, PNULong, PVFloat, PVDouble, and PVString.
For Java the get and put methods will have the same definition for the unsigned type as for the signed type.
Some examples are:
interface PVUByte extends PVScalar { byte get(); void put(byte value); short getWider(); // new method } interface PVULong extends PVScalar { long get(); void put(long value); BigInteger getWider(); // new method } public interface PVUByteArray extends PVScalarArray{ int get(int offset, int length, ByteArrayData data); int put(int offset,int length, byte[] from, int fromOffset); void shareData(byte[] from); // NEW METHOD int get(int offset, int length, short[] dest, int toOffset); } public interface PVULongArray extends PVScalarArray{ int get(int offset, int length, LongArrayData data); int put(int offset,int length, long[] from, int fromOffset); void shareData(byte[] from); // NEW METHOD int get(int offset, int length, BigInteger[] dest, int toOffset); }
PVByte is:
class PVByte: public PVScalar { virtual uint8 get() = 0; virtual void put(uint8 value) = 0; }
No changes.
pvData provides a conversion utility that is defined in Java by interface Convert and in C++ by class Convert
In Java the following methods will be added.
interface Convert { byte toUByte(PVField pv); short toUShort(PVField pv); int toUInt(PVField pv); long toULong(PVField pv); void fromUByte(PVField pv, byte from); void fromUShort(PVField pv, short from); void fromUInt(PVField pv, int from); void fromULong(PVField pv, long from); int toUByteArray(PVScalarArray pv, int offset, int len, byte[]to, int toOffset); int toUShortArray(PVScalarArray pv, int offset, int len, short[]to, int toOffset); int toUIntArray(PVScalarArray pv, int offset, int len, int[]to, int toOffset); int toULongArray(PVScalarArray pv, int offset, int len, long[]to, int toOffset); int fromUByteArray(PVScalarArray pv, int offset, int len, byte[]from, fromOffset); int fromUShortArray(PVScalarArray pv, int offset, int len, short[]from, fromOffset); int fromUIntArray(PVScalarArray pv, int offset, int len, int[]from, fromOffset); int fromULongArray(PVScalarArray pv, int offset, int len, long[]from, fromOffset); }
NOTE that the argument types are just like the unsigned argument types.
In C++ the following methods will be added:
class Convert { uint8 toUByte(PVField *pv); uint16 toUShort(PVField *pv); uint32 toUInt(PVField *pv); uint64 toULong(PVField *pv); void fromUByte(PVField *pv, uint8 from); void fromUShort(PVField *pv, uint16 from); void fromUInt(PVField *pv, uint32 from); void fromULong(PVField *pv, uint64 from); int toUByteArray(PVScalarArray *pv, int offset, int len, UByteArray to, int toOffset); int toUShortArray(PVScalarArray *pv, int offset, int len, UShortArray to, int toOffset); int toUIntArray(PVScalarArray *pv, int offset, int len, UIntArray to, int toOffset); int toULongArray(PVScalarArray *pv, int offset, int len, ULongArray to, int toOffset); int fromUByteArray(PVScalarArray *pv, int offset, int len, UByteArray rom, fromOffset); int fromUShortArray(PVScalarArray *pv, int offset, int len, UShortArray from, fromOffset); int fromUIntArray(PVScalarArray *pv, int offset, int len, UIntArray from, fromOffset); int fromULongArray(PVScalarArray *pv, int offset, int len, ULongArray from, fromOffset); }
In addition the internal case statements that have choices for all the integer types will add choices for all the unsigned integer types. When a widening operation is required the code will do the "correct" conversion, i.e. if an unsigned integer is converted to a wider integer (signed or unsigned) type high order bits will be made 0.
Since it has already been decided that we give up on complete compatibility between Java an C++ there will be one additional change while implementing unsigned.
For C++ the type associated for anything associated with length will be size_t instead of int. This means that on a 64 bit architecture C++ will support arrays > 2 giga elements in size. If an application creates arrays > 2 giga elements than the array can not be shared with a Java client or with a 32 bit C++ client.
Note that the pvAccess network specification already supports this.
Currently Field and Structure are defined as follows:
public interface Field { String getFieldName(); Type getType(); void toString(StringBuilder buf); void toString(StringBuilder buf,int indentLevel); String toString(); } public interface Structure extends Field{ Field getField(String fieldName); int getFieldIndex(String fieldName); Field[] getFields(); }
These will be changed to:
public interface Field { Type getType(); void toString(StringBuilder buf); void toString(StringBuilder buf,int indentLevel); String toString(); } public interface Structure extends Field{ Field getField(String fieldName); int getFieldIndex(String fieldName); Field[] getFields(); String getFieldName(int fieldIndex); String[] getFieldNames(); }
There will also be some changes to FieldCreate and maybe to PVDataCreate.
To get some idea of how many code changes are required to make this change I looked for calls to getFieldName in the src tree for pvDataJava, pvAccessJava, and pvIOCJava and found:
pvDataJava/src 39 calls pvAccessJava/src 4 calls pvIOCJava/src 43 calls.
I looked at a few instances and see only minor changes in the code. Thus it looks like it will not be a major effort to implement the above change.
The following only applies to the C++ implementation of pvData since the Java memory management system solves the problem automatically.
pvDataCPP exposes data interfaces via raw pointers rather than shared pointers. Thanks to Matej, with help from Michael Davidsaver, pvAccess exposes all top level PVStructures via shared pointers (std::tr1::shared_ptr).
Again thanks to Michael Davidsaver the introspection interfaces expose most subfield information via shared pointers. And exception is where it needs arrays. For example:
typedef std::tr1::shared_ptr<const Field> FieldConstPtr; typedef FieldConstPtr * FieldConstPtrArray;
This can lead to major problems unless code that uses pvData is carefully written. One particularly bad example example is data arrays. As an example consider PVDoubleArray. Code can get the raw data array as follows:
DoubleArrayData data; double *xxx = 0; pvDoubleArray->get(0,len,&data); xxx = data.data;
Assume the code saves the value of xxx and uses it a later time. What xxx has is the address of the raw data array. Now assume some other code changes the capacity of the pvDoubleArray. When the capacity is modified a new raw data array is created and the original array is deleted. This the code shown above now has the address of memory that has been deleted. Not good.
pvDataCPP will change both introspection and data so the everything is exposed via shared rather than raw pointers.
It should be noted that this is a major change to pvDataCPP and to all code that uses it.


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We just watched the Bing Crosby/ Ingmar Bergman classic Bells of St. Mary’s. Here are 10 reasons to watch it.
- If you like Bing Crosby, watch Bells of St. Mary’s.
- If you want to see just how far the culture war has gone since the 1940s, watch Bells of St. Mary’s.
- If you want to see Hollywood treat Catholic Christianity accurately and without awkwardness, watch Bells of St. Mary’s.
- If you want to see Hollywood successfully tell the story of rivalry-turned-buddy-love between two people, both gorgeous yet both celibate, without a hint of sexualizing their tension, watch Bells of St. Mary’s.
- If you want to hear a moving prayer about submission to the will of God in the midst of a difficult move across country, watch Bells of St. Mary’s.
- If you like It’s a Wonderful Life and want to watch the film that is playing in the theater in that movie, watch Bells of St. Mary’s.
- If you are wealthy and want inspiration toward generosity and philanthropy, watch Bells of St. Mary’s.
- If you like classic films, watch Bells of St. Mary’s.
- If you wondering how a film about a priest and a nun can be the 50th best grossing of all time, watch Bells of St. Mary’s.


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Click the demos to view what's possible.
Please note that for now support for Clank is limited to modern browsers only (Chrome, Safari, Firefox).


Package controller
Class StaffController
- java.lang.Object
-
- controller.SuperController
-
- controller.StaffController
-
public class StaffController extends SuperController
This Controller class manages any changes made by the staff to any of the database.
-
-
Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description StaffController()
Constructor method to instantiate array object from their respective data base
-
Method Summary
Modifier and Type Method Description int
addOneHoliday(java.lang.String holName, java.util.Date date)
This method is to add one holiday to the list of holidays.int
addOneMovie(java.lang.String title, java.lang.String status, int duration, java.lang.String director, int sales, int ageRestriction, float rating, java.lang.String synopsis, float basePrice, java.lang.String cast1, java.lang.String cast2, java.lang.String cast3, java.lang.String cast4, java.lang.String cast5)
This method is to add a new movie into the list of movies.int
addOneShowtime(java.lang.String cineplexName, int cinemaId, java.lang.String movieName, java.util.Date movieDateTime)
This method is to add one showtime into the list of showtimes.int
changePrice(float price, int type)
This method is to change the price of either Normal or Blockbuster moviesboolean
checkAgeRestriction(int input)
This method is to check for correct input of age restrictionboolean
checkMovieStatus(java.lang.String input)
This method is to check for correct input of movie statusint
deleteOneHoliday(java.lang.String holName)
This method is to delete one holiday from the list of holidays.int
deleteOneMovie(int i)
This method is to remove one movie by changing its status to "not showing".int
deleteOneShowtime(int i)
This method is to delete one showtime from the list of showtimes.Cinema[]
getCinema(int index)
This method is to get the list of cinemas of the particular cineplexCinema[]
getCinema(java.lang.String cineplexName)
This method is to get the list of cinemas of the particular cineplexCineplex[]
getCineplex()
This method is to get the list of cineplexesHoliday[]
getHolidays()
This method is to get the list of holidaysMovie
getMovieByIndex(int i)
This method is to get the movie by indexMovie[]
getMovies()
This method is to get the list of moviesfloat
getPriceBlockbuster()
This method is to get the price for Blockbuster moviesfloat
getPriceNormal()
This method is to get the price for Normal moviesMovie[]
getShowingMovies()
This method is to get the list of movies whose status are "currently showing"ShowTime[]
getShowtimes()
This method is to get the list of showtimesboolean
loginCheck(java.lang.String username, java.lang.String pass)
This method is to check for validity of the username and password of the staff.int
updateOneMovie(int i, int option, java.lang.String newAtt, java.lang.String[] newCast)
This method is to update the movie chosen by changing any one of the attributes of the movie.int
updateOneShowtime(int i, int option, java.lang.String newAtt)
This method is to update one showtime by changing any one of the attributes of the showtime.-
Methods inherited from class controller.SuperController
insertObject, printObject, read_database, writeData, writeData
-
-
-
-
Method Detail
-
getHolidays
public Holiday[] getHolidays()
This method is to get the list of holidays- Returns:
- the array of Holiday
-
getMovies
public Movie[] getMovies()
This method is to get the list of movies- Returns:
- the array of Movie
-
getShowtimes
public ShowTime[] getShowtimes()
This method is to get the list of showtimes- Returns:
- the array of ShowTime
-
getCineplex
public Cineplex[] getCineplex()
This method is to get the list of cineplexes- Returns:
- the array of Cineplex
-
getPriceNormal
public float getPriceNormal()
This method is to get the price for Normal movies- Returns:
- the base price for Normal movies
-
getPriceBlockbuster
public float getPriceBlockbuster()
This method is to get the price for Blockbuster movies- Returns:
- the base price for Blockbuster movies
-
getCinema
public Cinema[] getCinema(java.lang.String cineplexName)
This method is to get the list of cinemas of the particular cineplex- Parameters:
cineplexName
- is the name of the cineplex- Returns:
- the array of Cinema
-
getCinema
public Cinema[] getCinema(int index)
This method is to get the list of cinemas of the particular cineplex- Parameters:
index
- the index of the showtime in the array of ShowTime- Returns:
- the array of Cinema
-
getShowingMovies
public Movie[] getShowingMovies()
This method is to get the list of movies whose status are "currently showing"- Returns:
- the array of Movie
-
getMovieByIndex
public Movie getMovieByIndex(int i)
This method is to get the movie by index- Parameters:
i
- the index of the movie- Returns:
- the Movie Object
-
loginCheck
public boolean loginCheck(java.lang.String username, java.lang.String pass)
This method is to check for validity of the username and password of the staff.- Parameters:
username
- username givenpass
- password given- Returns:
- true if the username and password matches, return false otherwise
-
updateOneMovie
public int updateOneMovie(int i, int option, java.lang.String newAtt, java.lang.String[] newCast)
This method is to update the movie chosen by changing any one of the attributes of the movie.- Parameters:
i
- the movie chosen from the listoption
- the attribute of the movie to changenewAtt
- the new value of the attribute to changenewCast
- the new array of cast members- Returns:
- 0 if movie successfully updated, 1 if movie is not written to database, 2 if movie already exists, 3 if movie status input is not correct, 4 if age restriction input is not correct
-
deleteOneMovie
public int deleteOneMovie(int i)
This method is to remove one movie by changing its status to "not showing".- Parameters:
i
- the movie to be removed- Returns:
- 0 if the movie is successfully removed, 1 if the movie is not removed from the database, and 2 if the movie still has a showtime
-
addOneMovie
public int addOneMovie(java.lang.String title, java.lang.String status, int duration, java.lang.String director, int sales, int ageRestriction, float rating, java.lang.String synopsis, float basePrice, java.lang.String cast1, java.lang.String cast2, java.lang.String cast3, java.lang.String cast4, java.lang.String cast5)
This method is to add a new movie into the list of movies.- Parameters:
title
- new titlestatus
- new statusduration
- new durationdirector
- new directorsales
- new salesageRestriction
- new age restrictionrating
- new ratingsynopsis
- new synopsisbasePrice
- new base pricecast1
- new cast no. 1cast2
- new cast no. 2cast3
- new cast no. 3cast4
- new cast no. 4cast5
- new cast no. 5- Returns:
- 0 if movie successfully added, 1 if new movie is not written to database, 2 if movie already exists, 3 if movie status input is not correct, 4 if age restriction input is not correct
-
updateOneShowtime
public int updateOneShowtime(int i, int option, java.lang.String newAtt)
This method is to update one showtime by changing any one of the attributes of the showtime.- Parameters:
i
- the showtime chosen from the listoption
- the attribute of the showtime to changenewAtt
- the new value of the attribute to change- Returns:
- 0 if showtime successfully updated, 1 if showtime is not written to database, 2 if booking has been made at that particular showtime, 3 if cineplex entered is not in the database, 4 if cinema ID is not in the cineplex, 5 if movie is not listed as "currently showing", 6 if the showtime is before the current date, or 7 if the showtime coincides with another showtime
-
deleteOneShowtime
public int deleteOneShowtime(int i)
This method is to delete one showtime from the list of showtimes.- Parameters:
i
- the showtime chosen from the list- Returns:
- 0 if showtime is deleted successfully, 1 if the showtime is not deleted from the database, and 2 if the showtime already has booking
-
addOneShowtime
public int addOneShowtime(java.lang.String cineplexName, int cinemaId, java.lang.String movieName, java.util.Date movieDateTime)
This method is to add one showtime into the list of showtimes.- Parameters:
cineplexName
- the cineplex namecinemaId
- the cinema IDmovieName
- the name of the moviemovieDateTime
- the new showtime- Returns:
- 0 if showtime successfully updated, 1 if showtime is not written to database, 2 if cineplex entered is not in the database, 3 if cinema ID is not in the cineplex, 4 if movie is not listed as "currently showing", 5 if showtime already exists, 6 if the showtime is before the current date and time, or 7 if the showtime coincides with another showtime
-
deleteOneHoliday
public int deleteOneHoliday(java.lang.String holName)
This method is to delete one holiday from the list of holidays.- Parameters:
holName
- the name of the holiday to remove- Returns:
- 0 if holiday successfully deleted, 1 if deletion is unsuccessful, 2 if holiday name is not in the list of holidays
-
addOneHoliday
public int addOneHoliday(java.lang.String holName, java.util.Date date)
This method is to add one holiday to the list of holidays.- Parameters:
holName
- the name of the new holidaydate
- the date of the holiday- Returns:
- 0 if holiday successfully added, 1 if holiday not added successfully, 2 if holiday name is already in the database
-
checkAgeRestriction
public boolean checkAgeRestriction(int input)
This method is to check for correct input of age restriction- Parameters:
input
- the age restriction to check- Returns:
- true if the input is 0, 13, 16, 18, or 21, returns false otherwise
-
checkMovieStatus
public boolean checkMovieStatus(java.lang.String input)
This method is to check for correct input of movie status- Parameters:
input
- the movie status to check- Returns:
- true if the input is "upcoming", "currently showing", or "not showing", returns false otherwise
-
changePrice
public int changePrice(float price, int type)
This method is to change the price of either Normal or Blockbuster movies- Parameters:
price
- the new pricetype
- the type of movie- Returns:
- 0 if the update is successful, 1 if the update is unsuccessful, 2 if the Normal price is more than the Blockbuster price.
-
-


Adiabatic elastic moduli (C11, C44,
C12):
Aggregate adiabatic elastic moduli
Bulk modulus, K:
Shear modulus, G:
Reuss bound, GR:
Voigt bound, GV:
Voigt-Reuss-Hill
(VRH) average, G
Hashin-Shtrikman bounds on shear modulus (GHS1, GHS2, GHSA)
Need Expressions from Brown, 2015
Poisson’s ratio (VRH average), ν:
Young’s modulus (VRH average), E:
Sound velocities
Compression, bulk, and shear sound velocities (VP, VB, VS):
where ρ=density
Sound velocity ratios:
Normalized elastic moduli
C12/C11, C44/C11
Elastic anisotropy factors
Zener anisotropy factor, AZ:
Chung and Buessem anisotropy factor, AG:
Universal anisotropy index, AU:
which for the cubic system is:
Universal log-Euclidean anisotropy index, AL:
which for the cubic system is:
Adiabatic elastic compliances (S11, S44, S12)
Relationships between Sijs and Cijs:
Extrema of Poisson’s ratio: ν(110,001) and ν(110,110)


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Frontend/Machine Learning Developer
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Research & Database


Speech
The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Schools talks about the impact the Government's educational reforms will have on sixth form colleges.
My colleague, the Schools Minister Nick Gibb, spoke to you in June and set out the main principles of the Coalition’s education reforms:
Since then we’ve started overhauling the 16-to-19 funding system, had the Spending Review in October, and published our White Paper yesterday.
So it seems a good time to come here today to bring up you to date on where we have got to.
But I want to start by paying tribute to all of you, for your hard work, commitment, passion and success in transforming young people’s lives.
You’ve long set the pace for the rest of the 16 to 19 sector - higher rates of students going on to university, more creative teaching, stronger leadership, and better targeting for support the most disadvantaged students.
You’ve rightly got a great reputation for exactly the sort of motivated and committed staff and students I met this morning - just up the road at Joseph Chamberlain College.
So today I want to reaffirm again our commitment to your future, to helping you meet the demands of students, parents, universities and employers.
And I want to set the wider challenges ahead and answer some of your concerns head-on:
Our country faces a unique combination of challenges today.
We are having to face up to the demands of world economic fluctuations, while keeping pace with our international competitors - all with tighter reins on the public finances.
And they pose the toughest question for us in Government and for you in education.
Are we equipping young people with the skills, knowledge, motivation and aspirations that employers and universities are demanding?
And we’ve got to be honest about the answer.
The truth is that too many young people still don’t get the right skills and qualifications for work and further study.
Too many are staying on in education and training to get qualifications which aren’t valued by higher education and employers.
Too many, particularly from the poorest backgrounds, are turned off learning at an early age, fall back and then get left behind - we have almost a million young people under 24 still not in education, employment or training.
And overall, we have a growing gap in terms of academic achievement between rich and poor - with only 40 children of the 80,000 on free school meals going on to study at Oxbridge.
That’s why we’re keeping the commitment to raise the participation age to 18 by 2015 - so everyone gets the high-quality education and skills they need to thrive in university and the world of work.
And sixth form colleges are at the heart of this - making post-16 education as strong as possible and making sure we keep pace with the best systems in the world.
Nick said in June that sixth form colleges show why giving principals more autonomy led to better results.
He’s right. You show us how having freedoms over pay and conditions means you can the best out of your staff.
There has to be far more trust in the frontline. We’ve got no interest in constantly breathing down your neck - micromanaging every budget, every college and every class.
But the challenge is that these freedoms will come with stronger accountability - to the young people you teach and the communities you serve.
All the international evidence we have seen shows us that this combination of autonomy and accountability is the way that the best-performing educational systems are going. And it’s our approach at the heart of the White Paper.
We’ve made a start reforming and freeing up the system.
Firstly, strengthening qualifications.
Over the last two decades, vocational and academic qualifications have been forced to have some kind of uneasy equivalence when actually we should just be making sure that they are all high quality.
So our White Paper plans will give universities and employers more say over developing A Levels - to keep them robust and rigorous, and to keep pace with the best systems around the world. We have said to Ofqual that we want them to look at our exam qualifications and compare them to the best in the world.
We’ve asked Professor Alison Wolf to lead an independent review of vocational education, so colleges and schools have more freedom to offer qualifications that meet higher education’s and the labour market’s demands.
We want to cut the bureaucracy around qualifications, including removing the need to offer every single Diploma subject in all schools and colleges. And we want to work with you further, to make them even simpler to teach and award.
Secondly, I want to give you more freedom to get on with your job.
We’ve already ended Ofsted inspections for outstanding colleges, scrapped legal requirements to do learner surveys, and stopped in-year funding adjustments.
But we want to go further.
So today I can also confirm we will repeal a whole series of other overly prescriptive statutory duties which weigh you down:
We’re not saying that consulting with students and working with other colleges is not important - but it’s down to you to call the shots. You run high-quality institutions. You directly engage with their pupils and their parents and play an active role in their local communities. I don’t think that you need to be told by central government how to run yourselves.
I know that you are concerned about the future of funding.
And we’ve had to take some difficult decisions.
The Coalition set itself the toughest of tasks in the Spending Review - balancing urgent action to cut the deficit and protecting education as far as possible.
And we secured the best possible deal in the wider economic and political climate - meaning we can commit to full participation to 18 and fund a record 1.6 million places for young people by 2015, including an increase in Apprenticeships.
But we’ve also had to be realistic. Some programmes would no longer be affordable in their previous form. That’s for example why we had to end Building Schools for the Future.
And it’s also why we’re replacing the EMA, with an increased and better targeted scheme of discretionary funding, where schools and colleges themselves judge how to spend it.
We didn’t take this decision lightly. But the evidence seems clear that around nine out of ten students would have gone to college or sixth form regardless of whether or not they got the EMA - leaving it unjustifiable and unsustainable in the current economic climate.
Our job now is to make sure we get the new fund right, working with you here today and others over the coming weeks on making sure it helps overcome the hardships faced by the poorest students - including extending its existing remit to cover transport costs.
And we’ve had to take other hard decisions.
It’s right to ask for even more efficient finances in colleges and schools, so we can afford to fund places young people need in post-16 education. The taxpayer is rightly looking at how every penny is spent.
Across the public sector, we all have to take responsibility for investing public funds wisely. We’ve all got to get the best deal possible from our procurement, our back office functions, our overheads, and how we work.
And in the face of a very tight capital settlement, we must target investment where it is most needed while cutting out wasteful design and procurement processes. That’s why we set up our independent review to get much better value for money out of all our building programmes, which will report to us shortly.
I know that you are anxious to hear about wider capital funding beyond March 2011. I intend to set out our longer-term building plans shortly but I want to reassure you that we have been listening very carefully to your arguments.
And I want to reassure you that your needs are being considered in detail and equally alongside all our building investment in Early Years and schools - to make sure there is funding available to meet refurbishment costs and pupil numbers.
I also know that one of the biggest concerns you have is to have a fairer funding system so you can compete on a level playing field with school sixth forms.
So ahead of the overall 16-to-19 settlement in December and your final allocations next year, I am today reiterating our commitment to end the sharp funding disparities you face.
The wider school funding system we’ve inherited is a mess. It is hideously complex, with little transparency or clarity and with historic, unresolved anomalies meaning there are huge disparities across the country for schools with similar intakes.
For colleges, the unfairness is particularly stark. You have suffered in comparison with school sixth forms for years - getting £280 per pupil less on average, meaning a difference of over half a million pounds for a medium-to-large college.
That’s why yesterday’s White Paper commits us in black-and-white to ending this inequity and bringing all funding into line with the most efficient providers - in other words, with sixth form and FE colleges.
It’s also why we have brought in a much clearer funding system, to allocate and target funding, since we got into power - meaning the money actually follows the students you recruit.
And it’s why we are giving you direct responsibility for securing your own borrowings, without it getting bogged down and holding up essential investment by having to be cleared with local authorities.
We will work with you to get these changes right and to introduce them as carefully as possible.
And in return for cutting bureaucracy and helping you compete with schools and general FE colleges, we want you to play a bigger part in our reform programme.
Our reforms give you the chance to expand and secure your future.
All young people should have access to high-quality sixth forms wherever they live - so we want a far more responsive market.
That could mean new sixth form colleges opening where there is a clear demand - something we will always explore in detail.
But equally, it could mean you seizing the initiative by partnering or sponsoring new academies and Free Schools, working with the new generation of university technical colleges that Lord Baker is pioneering, or taking the lead in federations with existing schools.
You’ve got so much to give your communities. You are among the best, if not the best, providers of A Level education, so I welcome suggestions as to how you can put your experience to work to benefit even more children. Tell us what you think you can do and we will listen.
We are facing challenging times in the education sector.
Sixth form colleges will always have a central role to play - raising aspirations for all, driving up teaching standards, and making leadership stronger.
We’ve got a long way to go but we’ve got the basics right, giving you more of what you want: greater freedoms, stronger qualifications, and fairer funding.
And in return, I look forward to working with you over the coming months and years, to help us create a world-class education system and to keep sixth form colleges as the jewel in the 16-to-19 crown.
Thank you for your time.
Published: 26 November 2010