Alpha Vantage APIs are grouped into four categories: (1) Stock Time Series Data, (2) Physical and Digital/Crypto Currencies (e.g., Bitcoin), (3) Technical Indicators, and (4) Sector Performances. All APIs are realtime: the latest data points are derived from the current trading day. Examples in this documentation are for demo purposes. Claim your free API key today to explore our full API offerings!
Stock Time Series Realtime
This suite of APIs provide realtime and historical global equity data in 4 different temporal resolutions: (1) daily, (2) weekly, (3) monthly, and (4) intraday. Daily, weekly, and monthly time series contain 20+ years of historical data (or more upon request).
TIME_SERIES_INTRADAY High Usage
This API returns intraday time series (timestamp, open, high, low, close, volume) of the equity specified.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=TIME_SERIES_INTRADAY
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the equity of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
❚ Optional: outputsize
By default, outputsize=compact
. Strings compact
and full
are accepted with the following specifications: compact
returns only the latest 100 data points in the intraday time series; full
returns the full-length intraday time series. The "compact" option is recommended if you would like to reduce the data size of each API call.
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the intraday time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.

The most recent data point is the cumulative prices and volume information of the current trading day, updated realtime.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=TIME_SERIES_DAILY
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the equity of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Optional: outputsize
By default, outputsize=compact
. Strings compact
and full
are accepted with the following specifications: compact
returns only the latest 100 data points; full
returns the full-length time series of up to 20 years of historical data. The "compact" option is recommended if you would like to reduce the data size of each API call.
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=TIME_SERIES_DAILY&symbol=MSFT&apikey=demo
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=TIME_SERIES_DAILY&symbol=MSFT&outputsize=full&apikey=demo
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=TIME_SERIES_DAILY&symbol=MSFT&apikey=demo&datatype=csv
TIME_SERIES_DAILY_ADJUSTED High Usage
This API returns daily time series (date, daily open, daily high, daily low, daily close, daily volume, daily adjusted close, and split/dividend events) of the global equity specified, covering up to 20 years of historical data (or more upon request).
The most recent data point is the cumulative prices and volume information of the current trading day, updated realtime.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=TIME_SERIES_DAILY_ADJUSTED
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the equity of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Optional: outputsize
By default, outputsize=compact
. Strings compact
and full
are accepted with the following specifications: compact
returns only the latest 100 data points; full
returns the full-length time series of up to 20 years of historical data. The "compact" option is recommended if you would like to reduce the data size of each API call.
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=TIME_SERIES_DAILY_ADJUSTED&symbol=MSFT&apikey=demo
TIME_SERIES_WEEKLY
This API returns weekly time series (last trading day of each week, weekly open, weekly high, weekly low, weekly close, weekly volume) of the global equity specified, covering up to 20 years of historical data.
The latest data point is the cumulative prices and volume information for the week (or partial week) that contains the current trading day, updated realtime.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=TIME_SERIES_WEEKLY
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the equity of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the weekly time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=TIME_SERIES_WEEKLY&symbol=MSFT&apikey=demo
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=TIME_SERIES_WEEKLY&symbol=MSFT&apikey=demo&datatype=csv
TIME_SERIES_WEEKLY_ADJUSTED
This API returns weekly adjusted time series (last trading day of each week, weekly open, weekly high, weekly low, weekly close, weekly adjusted close, weekly volume, weekly dividend) of the global equity specified, covering up to 20 years of historical data.
The latest data point is the cumulative prices and volume information for the week (or partial week) that contains the current trading day, updated realtime.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=TIME_SERIES_WEEKLY_ADJUSTED
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the equity of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the weekly time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=TIME_SERIES_WEEKLY_ADJUSTED&symbol=MSFT&apikey=demo
TIME_SERIES_MONTHLY
This API returns monthly time series (last trading day of each month, monthly open, monthly high, monthly low, monthly close, monthly volume) of the global equity specified, covering up to 20 years of historical data.
The latest data point is the cumulative prices and volume information for the month (or partial month) that contains the current trading day, updated realtime.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=TIME_SERIES_MONTHLY
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the equity of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the monthly time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=TIME_SERIES_MONTHLY&symbol=MSFT&apikey=demo
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=TIME_SERIES_MONTHLY&symbol=MSFT&apikey=demo&datatype=csv
TIME_SERIES_MONTHLY_ADJUSTED
This API returns monthly adjusted time series (last trading day of each month, monthly open, monthly high, monthly low, monthly close, monthly adjusted close, monthly volume, monthly dividend) of the equity specified, covering up to 20 years of historical data.
The latest data point is the cumulative prices and volume information for the month (or partial month) that contains the current trading day, updated realtime.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=TIME_SERIES_MONTHLY_ADJUSTED
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the equity of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the monthly time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=TIME_SERIES_MONTHLY_ADJUSTED&symbol=MSFT&apikey=demo
Quote Endpoint High Usage
A lightweight alternative to the time series APIs, this service returns the latest price and volume information for a security of your choice.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The API function of your choice.
❚ Required: symbol
The symbol of the global security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
.
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the quote data in JSON format; csv
returns the quote data as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=GLOBAL_QUOTE&symbol=MSFT&apikey=demo
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=GLOBAL_QUOTE&symbol=300135.SZ&apikey=demo
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=GLOBAL_QUOTE&symbol=MSFT&apikey=demo&datatype=csv
Search Endpoint High Usage
Looking for some specific symbols or companies? Trying to build a search box similar to the one below?
We've got you covered! The Search Endpoint returns the best-matching symbols and market information based on keywords of your choice. The search results also contain match scores that provide you with the full flexibility to develop your own search and filtering logic.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The API function of your choice. In this case, function=SYMBOL_SEARCH
❚ Required: keywords
A text string of your choice. For example: keywords=microsoft
.
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the search results in JSON format; csv
returns the search results as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=SYMBOL_SEARCH&keywords=BA&apikey=demo
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=SYMBOL_SEARCH&keywords=Micro&apikey=demo
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=SYMBOL_SEARCH&keywords=sony&apikey=demo
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=SYMBOL_SEARCH&keywords=xiaomi&apikey=demo
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=SYMBOL_SEARCH&keywords=BA&apikey=demo&datatype=csv
Foreign Exchange (FX) Realtime
APIs under this section provide a wide range of data feed for realtime and historical forex (FX) rates.
CURRENCY_EXCHANGE_RATE High Usage
This API returns the realtime exchange rate for any pair of digital currency (e.g., Bitcoin) or physical currency (e.g., USD).
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The function of your choice. In this case, function=CURRENCY_EXCHANGE_RATE
❚ Required: from_currency
The currency you would like to get the exchange rate for. It can either be a physical currency or digital/crypto currency. For example: from_currency=USD
or from_currency=BTC
.
❚ Required: to_currency
The destination currency for the exchange rate. It can either be a physical currency or digital/crypto currency. For example: to_currency=USD
or to_currency=BTC
.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
Bitcoin to Chinese Yuan: US Dollar to Japanese Yen:FX_INTRADAY High Usage
This API returns intraday time series (timestamp, open, high, low, close) of the FX currency pair specified, updated realtime.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=FX_INTRADAY
❚ Required: from_symbol
A three-letter symbol from the forex currency list. For example: from_symbol=EUR
❚ Required: to_symbol
A three-letter symbol from the forex currency list. For example: to_symbol=USD
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
❚ Optional: outputsize
By default, outputsize=compact
. Strings compact
and full
are accepted with the following specifications: compact
returns only the latest 100 data points in the intraday time series; full
returns the full-length intraday time series. The "compact" option is recommended if you would like to reduce the data size of each API call.
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the intraday time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
Downloadable CSV file:FX_DAILY
This API returns the daily time series (timestamp, open, high, low, close) of the FX currency pair specified, updated realtime.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=FX_DAILY
❚ Required: from_symbol
A three-letter symbol from the forex currency list. For example: from_symbol=EUR
❚ Required: to_symbol
A three-letter symbol from the forex currency list. For example: to_symbol=USD
❚ Optional: outputsize
By default, outputsize=compact
. Strings compact
and full
are accepted with the following specifications: compact
returns only the latest 100 data points in the daily time series; full
returns the full-length daily time series. The "compact" option is recommended if you would like to reduce the data size of each API call.
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=FX_DAILY&from_symbol=EUR&to_symbol=USD&apikey=demo
FX_WEEKLY
This API returns the weekly time series (timestamp, open, high, low, close) of the FX currency pair specified, updated realtime.
The latest data point is the cumulative price information for the week (or partial week) containing the current trading day, updated realtime.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=FX_WEEKLY
❚ Required: from_symbol
A three-letter symbol from the forex currency list. For example: from_symbol=EUR
❚ Required: to_symbol
A three-letter symbol from the forex currency list. For example: to_symbol=USD
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the weekly time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=FX_WEEKLY&from_symbol=EUR&to_symbol=USD&apikey=demo
FX_MONTHLY
This API returns the monthly time series (timestamp, open, high, low, close) of the FX currency pair specified, updated realtime.
The latest data point is the cumulative prices information for the month (or partial month) containing the current trading day, updated realtime.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=FX_MONTHLY
❚ Required: from_symbol
A three-letter symbol from the forex currency list. For example: from_symbol=EUR
❚ Required: to_symbol
A three-letter symbol from the forex currency list. For example: to_symbol=USD
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the monthly time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=FX_MONTHLY&from_symbol=EUR&to_symbol=USD&apikey=demo
Digital & Crypto Currencies Realtime
APIs under this section provide a wide range of data feed for digital and crypto currencies such as Bitcoin.
CURRENCY_EXCHANGE_RATE High Usage
This API returns the realtime exchange rate for any pair of digital currency (e.g., Bitcoin) or physical currency (e.g., USD).
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The function of your choice. In this case, function=CURRENCY_EXCHANGE_RATE
❚ Required: from_currency
The currency you would like to get the exchange rate for. It can either be a physical currency or digital/crypto currency. For example: from_currency=USD
or from_currency=BTC
.
❚ Required: to_currency
The destination currency for the exchange rate. It can either be a physical currency or digital/crypto currency. For example: to_currency=USD
or to_currency=BTC
.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
Bitcoin to Chinese Yuan: US Dollar to Japanese Yen:DIGITAL_CURRENCY_DAILY High Usage
This API returns the daily historical time series for a digital currency (e.g., BTC) traded on a specific market (e.g., CNY/Chinese Yuan), refreshed daily at midnight (UTC). Prices and volumes are quoted in both the market-specific currency and USD.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=DIGITAL_CURRENCY_DAILY
❚ Required: symbol
The digital/crypto currency of your choice. It can be any of the currencies in the digital currency list. For example: symbol=BTC
.
❚ Required: market
The exchange market of your choice. It can be any of the market in the market list. For example: market=CNY
.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=DIGITAL_CURRENCY_DAILY&symbol=BTC&market=CNY&apikey=demo
DIGITAL_CURRENCY_WEEKLY High Usage
This API returns the weekly historical time series for a digital currency (e.g., BTC) traded on a specific market (e.g., CNY/Chinese Yuan), refreshed daily at midnight (UTC). Prices and volumes are quoted in both the market-specific currency and USD.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=DIGITAL_CURRENCY_WEEKLY
❚ Required: symbol
The digital/crypto currency of your choice. It can be any of the currencies in the digital currency list. For example: symbol=BTC
.
❚ Required: market
The exchange market of your choice. It can be any of the market in the market list. For example: market=CNY
.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=DIGITAL_CURRENCY_WEEKLY&symbol=BTC&market=CNY&apikey=demo
DIGITAL_CURRENCY_MONTHLY High Usage
This API returns the monthly historical time series for a digital currency (e.g., BTC) traded on a specific market (e.g., CNY/Chinese Yuan), refreshed daily at midnight (UTC). Prices and volumes are quoted in both the market-specific currency and USD.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The time series of your choice. In this case, function=DIGITAL_CURRENCY_MONTHLY
❚ Required: symbol
The digital/crypto currency of your choice. It can be any of the currencies in the digital currency list. For example: symbol=BTC
.
❚ Required: market
The exchange market of your choice. It can be any of the market in the market list. For example: market=CNY
.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
Downloadable CSV file:Technical Indicators Realtime
Technical indicator values are updated realtime: the latest data point is derived from the current trading day of a given equity or currency exchange pair.
SMA High Usage
This API returns the simple moving average (SMA) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=SMA
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each moving average value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
Equity: Forex (FX) or cryptocurrency pair:EMA High Usage
This API returns the exponential moving average (EMA) values. See also: mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=EMA
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each moving average value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
Equity: Forex (FX) or cryptocurrency pair:WMA
This API returns the weighted moving average (WMA) values. See also: mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=WMA
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each moving average value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
Equity:DEMA
This API returns the double exponential moving average (DEMA) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=DEMA
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each moving average value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
TEMA
This API returns the triple exponential moving average (TEMA) values. See also: mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=TEMA
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each moving average value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
TRIMA
This API returns the triangular moving average (TRIMA) values. See also: mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=TRIMA
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each moving average value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
KAMA
This API returns the Kaufman adaptive moving average (KAMA) values.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=KAMA
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each moving average value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
MAMA
This API returns the MESA adaptive moving average (MAMA) values.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=MAMA
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: fastlimit
Positive floats are accepted. By default, fastlimit=0.01
.
❚ Optional: slowlimit
Positive floats are accepted. By default, slowlimit=0.01
.
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
T3
This API returns the triple exponential moving average (T3) values. See also: mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=T3
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each moving average value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
MACD High Usage
This API returns the moving average convergence / divergence (MACD) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=MACD
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: fastperiod
Positive integers are accepted. By default, fastperiod=12
.
❚ Optional: slowperiod
Positive integers are accepted. By default, slowperiod=26
.
❚ Optional: signalperiod
Positive integers are accepted. By default, signalperiod=9
.
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
Equity: Forex (FX) or cryptocurrency pair:MACDEXT
This API returns the moving average convergence / divergence values with controllable moving average type. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=MACDEXT
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: fastperiod
Positive integers are accepted. By default, fastperiod=12
.
❚ Optional: slowperiod
Positive integers are accepted. By default, slowperiod=26
.
❚ Optional: signalperiod
Positive integers are accepted. By default, signalperiod=9
.
❚ Optional: fastmatype
Moving average type for the faster moving average. By default, fastmatype=0
. Integers 0 - 8 are accepted with the following mappings. 0 = Simple Moving Average (SMA), 1 = Exponential Moving Average (EMA), 2 = Weighted Moving Average (WMA), 3 = Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA), 4 = Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA), 5 = Triangular Moving Average (TRIMA), 6 = T3 Moving Average, 7 = Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA), 8 = MESA Adaptive Moving Average (MAMA).
❚ Optional: slowmatype
Moving average type for the slower moving average. By default, slowmatype=0
. Integers 0 - 8 are accepted with the following mappings. 0 = Simple Moving Average (SMA), 1 = Exponential Moving Average (EMA), 2 = Weighted Moving Average (WMA), 3 = Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA), 4 = Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA), 5 = Triangular Moving Average (TRIMA), 6 = T3 Moving Average, 7 = Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA), 8 = MESA Adaptive Moving Average (MAMA).
❚ Optional: signalmatype
Moving average type for the signal moving average. By default, signalmatype=0
. Integers 0 - 8 are accepted with the following mappings. 0 = Simple Moving Average (SMA), 1 = Exponential Moving Average (EMA), 2 = Weighted Moving Average (WMA), 3 = Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA), 4 = Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA), 5 = Triangular Moving Average (TRIMA), 6 = T3 Moving Average, 7 = Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA), 8 = MESA Adaptive Moving Average (MAMA).
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
STOCH High Usage
This API returns the stochastic oscillator (STOCH) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=STOCH
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Optional: fastkperiod
The time period of the fastk moving average. Positive integers are accepted. By default, fastkperiod=5
.
❚ Optional: slowkperiod
The time period of the slowk moving average. Positive integers are accepted. By default, slowkperiod=3
.
❚ Optional: slowdperiod
The time period of the slowd moving average. Positive integers are accepted. By default, slowdperiod=3
.
❚ Optional: slowkmatype
Moving average type for the slowk moving average. By default, slowkmatype=0
. Integers 0 - 8 are accepted with the following mappings. 0 = Simple Moving Average (SMA), 1 = Exponential Moving Average (EMA), 2 = Weighted Moving Average (WMA), 3 = Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA), 4 = Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA), 5 = Triangular Moving Average (TRIMA), 6 = T3 Moving Average, 7 = Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA), 8 = MESA Adaptive Moving Average (MAMA).
❚ Optional: slowdmatype
Moving average type for the slowd moving average. By default, slowdmatype=0
. Integers 0 - 8 are accepted with the following mappings. 0 = Simple Moving Average (SMA), 1 = Exponential Moving Average (EMA), 2 = Weighted Moving Average (WMA), 3 = Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA), 4 = Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA), 5 = Triangular Moving Average (TRIMA), 6 = T3 Moving Average, 7 = Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA), 8 = MESA Adaptive Moving Average (MAMA).
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
Equity:https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=STOCH&symbol=MSFT&interval=daily&apikey=demo
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=STOCH&symbol=USDEUR&interval=weekly&apikey=demo
STOCHF
This API returns the stochastic fast (STOCHF) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=STOCHF
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Optional: fastkperiod
The time period of the fastk moving average. Positive integers are accepted. By default, fastkperiod=5
.
❚ Optional: fastdperiod
The time period of the fastd moving average. Positive integers are accepted. By default, fastdperiod=3
.
❚ Optional: fastdmatype
Moving average type for the fastd moving average. By default, fastdmatype=0
. Integers 0 - 8 are accepted with the following mappings. 0 = Simple Moving Average (SMA), 1 = Exponential Moving Average (EMA), 2 = Weighted Moving Average (WMA), 3 = Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA), 4 = Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA), 5 = Triangular Moving Average (TRIMA), 6 = T3 Moving Average, 7 = Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA), 8 = MESA Adaptive Moving Average (MAMA).
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=STOCHF&symbol=MSFT&interval=daily&apikey=demo
RSI High Usage
This API returns the relative strength index (RSI) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=RSI
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each RSI value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
Equity: Forex (FX) or cryptocurrency pair:STOCHRSI
This API returns the stochastic relative strength index (STOCHRSI) values. See also: mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=STOCHRSI
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each STOCHRSI value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: fastkperiod
The time period of the fastk moving average. Positive integers are accepted. By default, fastkperiod=5
.
❚ Optional: fastdperiod
The time period of the fastd moving average. Positive integers are accepted. By default, fastdperiod=3
.
❚ Optional: fastdmatype
Moving average type for the fastd moving average. By default, fastdmatype=0
. Integers 0 - 8 are accepted with the following mappings. 0 = Simple Moving Average (SMA), 1 = Exponential Moving Average (EMA), 2 = Weighted Moving Average (WMA), 3 = Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA), 4 = Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA), 5 = Triangular Moving Average (TRIMA), 6 = T3 Moving Average, 7 = Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA), 8 = MESA Adaptive Moving Average (MAMA).
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
WILLR
This API returns the Williams' %R (WILLR) values. See also: mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=WILLR
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each WILLR value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
ADX High Usage
This API returns the average directional movement index (ADX) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=ADX
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each ADX value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
Equity:https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=ADX&symbol=MSFT&interval=daily&time_period=10&apikey=demo
ADXR
This API returns the average directional movement index rating (ADXR) values. See also: mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=ADXR
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each ADXR value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
APO
This API returns the absolute price oscillator (APO) values. See also: mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=APO
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: fastperiod
Positive integers are accepted. By default, fastperiod=12
.
❚ Optional: slowperiod
Positive integers are accepted. By default, slowperiod=26
.
❚ Optional: matype
Moving average type. By default, matype=0
. Integers 0 - 8 are accepted with the following mappings. 0 = Simple Moving Average (SMA), 1 = Exponential Moving Average (EMA), 2 = Weighted Moving Average (WMA), 3 = Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA), 4 = Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA), 5 = Triangular Moving Average (TRIMA), 6 = T3 Moving Average, 7 = Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA), 8 = MESA Adaptive Moving Average (MAMA).
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
PPO
This API returns the percentage price oscillator (PPO) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=PPO
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: fastperiod
Positive integers are accepted. By default, fastperiod=12
.
❚ Optional: slowperiod
Positive integers are accepted. By default, slowperiod=26
.
❚ Optional: matype
Moving average type. By default, matype=0
. Integers 0 - 8 are accepted with the following mappings. 0 = Simple Moving Average (SMA), 1 = Exponential Moving Average (EMA), 2 = Weighted Moving Average (WMA), 3 = Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA), 4 = Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA), 5 = Triangular Moving Average (TRIMA), 6 = T3 Moving Average, 7 = Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA), 8 = MESA Adaptive Moving Average (MAMA).
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
MOM
This API returns the momentum (MOM) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=MOM
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each MOM value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
BOP
This API returns the balance of power (BOP) values.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=BOP
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=BOP&symbol=MSFT&interval=daily&apikey=demo
CCI High Usage
This API returns the commodity channel index (CCI) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=CCI
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each CCI value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
Equity:https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=CCI&symbol=MSFT&interval=daily&time_period=10&apikey=demo
CMO
This API returns the Chande momentum oscillator (CMO) values. See also: mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=CMO
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each CMO value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
ROC
This API returns the rate of change (ROC) values. See also: Investopedia article.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=ROC
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each ROC value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
ROCR
This API returns the rate of change ratio (ROCR) values. See also: Investopedia article.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=ROCR
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each ROCR value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
AROON High Usage
This API returns the Aroon (AROON) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=AROON
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each AROON value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
Equity: Forex (FX) or cryptocurrency pair:AROONOSC
This API returns the Aroon oscillator (AROONOSC) values. See also: mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=AROONOSC
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each AROONOSC value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
MFI
This API returns the money flow index (MFI) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=MFI
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each MFI value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
TRIX
This API returns the 1-day rate of change of a triple smooth exponential moving average (TRIX) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=TRIX
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each TRIX value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
ULTOSC
This API returns the ultimate oscillator (ULTOSC) values. See also: mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=ULTOSC
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Optional: timeperiod1
The first time period for the indicator. Positive integers are accepted. By default, timeperiod1=7
.
❚ Optional: timeperiod2
The second time period for the indicator. Positive integers are accepted. By default, timeperiod2=14
.
❚ Optional: timeperiod3
The third time period for the indicator. Positive integers are accepted. By default, timeperiod3=28
.
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Examples (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=ULTOSC&symbol=MSFT&interval=daily&apikey=demo
DX
This API returns the directional movement index (DX) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=DX
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each DX value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=DX&symbol=MSFT&interval=daily&time_period=10&apikey=demo
MINUS_DI
This API returns the minus directional indicator (MINUS_DI) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=MINUS_DI
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each MINUS_DI value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
PLUS_DI
This API returns the plus directional indicator (PLUS_DI) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=PLUS_DI
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each PLUS_DI value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
MINUS_DM
This API returns the minus directional movement (MINUS_DM) values. See also: Investopedia article
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=MINUS_DM
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each MINUS_DM value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
PLUS_DM
This API returns the plus directional movement (PLUS_DM) values. See also: Investopedia article
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=PLUS_DM
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each PLUS_DM value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
BBANDS High Usage
This API returns the Bollinger bands (BBANDS) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=BBANDS
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each BBANDS value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: nbdevup
The standard deviation multiplier of the upper band. Positive integers are accepted. By default, nbdevup=2
.
❚ Optional: nbdevdn
The standard deviation multiplier of the lower band. Positive integers are accepted. By default, nbdevdn=2
.
❚ Optional: matype
Moving average type of the time series. By default, matype=0
. Integers 0 - 8 are accepted with the following mappings. 0 = Simple Moving Average (SMA), 1 = Exponential Moving Average (EMA), 2 = Weighted Moving Average (WMA), 3 = Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA), 4 = Triple Exponential Moving Average (TEMA), 5 = Triangular Moving Average (TRIMA), 6 = T3 Moving Average, 7 = Kaufman Adaptive Moving Average (KAMA), 8 = MESA Adaptive Moving Average (MAMA).
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
Equity: Forex (FX) or cryptocurrency pair:MIDPOINT
This API returns the midpoint (MIDPOINT) values. MIDPOINT = (highest value + lowest value)/2.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=MIDPOINT
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each MIDPOINT value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
MIDPRICE
This API returns the midpoint price (MIDPRICE) values. MIDPRICE = (highest high + lowest low)/2.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=MIDPRICE
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each MIDPRICE value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
SAR
This API returns the parabolic SAR (SAR) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=SAR
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Optional: acceleration
The acceleration factor. Positive floats are accepted. By default, acceleration=0.01
.
❚ Optional: maximum
The acceleration factor maximum value. Positive floats are accepted. By default, acceleration=0.20
.
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
TRANGE
This API returns the true range (TRANGE) values. See also: mathematical reference
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=TRANGE
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=TRANGE&symbol=MSFT&interval=daily&apikey=demo
ATR
This API returns the average true range (ATR) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=ATR
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each ATR value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=ATR&symbol=MSFT&interval=daily&time_period=14&apikey=demo
NATR
This API returns the normalized average true range (NATR) values.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=NATR
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required:time_period
Number of data points used to calculate each NATR value. Positive integers are accepted (e.g., time_period=60
, time_period=200
)
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
AD High Usage
This API returns the Chaikin A/D line (AD) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=AD
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=AD&symbol=MSFT&interval=daily&apikey=demo
ADOSC
This API returns the Chaikin A/D oscillator (ADOSC) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=ADOSC
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Optional: fastperiod
The time period of the fast EMA. Positive integers are accepted. By default, fastperiod=3
.
❚ Optional: slowperiod
the time period of the slow EMA. Positive integers are accepted. By default, slowperiod=10
.
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example(click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=ADOSC&symbol=MSFT&interval=daily&fastperiod=5&apikey=demo
OBV High Usage
This API returns the on balance volume (OBV) values. See also: Investopedia article and mathematical reference.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=OBV
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=OBV&symbol=MSFT&interval=weekly&apikey=demo
HT_TRENDLINE
This API returns the Hilbert transform, instantaneous trendline (HT_TRENDLINE) values.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=HT_TRENDLINE
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
HT_SINE
This API returns the Hilbert transform, sine wave (HT_SINE) values.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=HT_SINE
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
HT_TRENDMODE
This API returns the Hilbert transform, trend vs cycle mode (HT_TRENDMODE) values.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=HT_TRENDMODE
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
HT_DCPERIOD
This API returns the Hilbert transform, dominant cycle period (HT_DCPERIOD) values.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=HT_DCPERIOD
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
HT_DCPHASE
This API returns the Hilbert transform, dominant cycle phase (HT_DCPHASE) values.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=HT_DCPHASE
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
HT_PHASOR
This API returns the Hilbert transform, phasor components (HT_PHASOR) values.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The technical indicator of your choice. In this case, function=HT_PHASOR
❚ Required: symbol
The name of the security of your choice. For example: symbol=MSFT
❚ Required: interval
Time interval between two consecutive data points in the time series. The following values are supported: 1min
, 5min
, 15min
, 30min
, 60min
, daily
, weekly
, monthly
❚ Required: series_type
The desired price type in the time series. Four types are supported: close
, open
, high
, low
❚ Optional: datatype
By default, datatype=json
. Strings json
and csv
are accepted with the following specifications: json
returns the daily time series in JSON format; csv
returns the time series as a CSV (comma separated value) file.
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
Sector Performances Realtime
SECTOR High Usage
This API returns the realtime and historical sector performances calculated from S&P500 incumbents.
API Parameters
❚ Required: function
The indicator of your choice. In this case, function=SECTOR
❚ Required: apikey
Your API key. Claim your free API key here.
Example (click for JSON output)
https://www.alphavantage.co/query?function=SECTOR&apikey=demo


In South Africa, Members of Parliament usually vote along party lines. If the vote is made secret, this will allow MPs to vote based on their opinion, and not what their political party dictates.
As Speaker of the National Assembly, Baleka Mbete has the power to declare the vote secret.
| From |
|
| Subject |
Have you ever participated in a protest march?


Hey there, and welcome to my generic bootstrap website!
I'm Sam, and I'm a product manager and theater artist originally from Seattle, Washington and currently based in the San Francisco Bay Area!
I graduated with honors from Brown University with a bachelor's degree in Computer Science and Creative Writing.
I'm currently working as an Associate Product Manager at Google and working on various comedy and theater projects at the same time.


just getting there
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days
hours
minutes
seconds
What now?
We are working hard to get the site back and running, feel free to contact us!


This software is a metaphore of the supply chain through the use of blockchain technology.
Your internet browser is becoming a blockchain node with smart contract and cryptography technologies.
This means that :
There is no central server, your browser is in possession of the same data as all other nodes (and
connected to others by peer-to-peer technology),
Data is secured by the group and not a central third party : everything is transparent and verifiable
by everybody.
The rules of the game are applied and controlled by you and every connected actor, no one can cheat or
hide(as long as there are no exploitable bugs in the software).
Especially, retributions are applied automatically and securely.
The metaphore of the supply chain is this :
When set up, you will get some pixels and emojis in your inventory.
You will draw artworks from pixels, emojis and other people's artworks.
People can start to use your artwork in theirs.
You can change your artwork until you validate it.
But you cannot validate it if your artwork uses another artwork that is not validated.
When you validate your artwork, you and others get retributions :
Each pixel or emoji you use will be given back in the form of other pixels and emojis (notice that
you don't loose any items, because your creativity has got no limit).
Each pixel or emoji coming from other's artworks give the author a random pixel or emoji back. This
is the metaphor of the copyright.
Notice that retributions are applied and controlled by the blockchain algorithm, there can be no cheat
here !
This means that you never loose creating something or using someone else's creation, and you gain revenues
when others use your work !


Copyright © 2012 Cromwell Enage
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Table of Contents
Models of this concept provide key-based access to their out-edges and adjacent vertices. This access can be useful to graph algorithms that traverse edges according to a specific criterion, e.g. direction.
Notation
Graph
A type that models the Associative Incidence Graph concept.
const_graph
An object of type Graph const&
.
v
An object of type boost::graph_traits<Graph>::vertex_descriptor
const&
.
degree
An object of type boost::graph_traits<Graph>::degree_size_type
const&
.
key
An object of type boost::edge_key_trait<Graph>::type
const&
.
One new type is introduced.
|
Name |
Expression |
Description |
Requirements |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Edge key type |
boost::edge_key_trait<Graph>::type
|
The type of a key with which a vertex will associate an out-edge. |
Model-specific. |
In addition, the requirements for the edge parallel category type are strengthened:
it must be convertible to disallow_parallel_edge_tag
.
In addition to the expressions defined in the Incidence Graph concept, the following expressions must be valid.
|
Name |
Expression |
Return Type |
Semantics |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Next vertex |
const_graph.next(v, key)
|
boost::graph_traits<Graph>::vertex_descriptor
|
Returns the target vertex of the out-edge from |
Linear with respect to the out-degree of |
|
Edge key count |
boost::num_edge_keys(const_graph)
|
boost::graph_traits<Graph>::degree_size_type
|
Returns the number of distinct edge keys that the graph will recognize. |
Amortized constant |
|
Edge key indexed access |
boost::edge_key(degree, const_graph)
|
boost::edge_key_trait<Graph>::type
|
Returns the |
Amortized constant with respect to edge key count |
Last revised: November 04, 2012 at 23:15:22 GMT |


About
Portfolio
Contact
Erik Stephenson
Connect With Me
Portfolio
Hangman
RPG Game
Trivia Game
Rutgers Info Widget
Rock Paper Scissors


xxm Demo Projects - 09 Upload Progress
This is a demo project showing how show the progress of large file uploads.
Important: Some website-platforms use multiple processes to host a website.
Since this demonstration project uses a single TStringList object to store session data under the sorted SessionID's,
the processes won't be able to access eachother's session data in this case, which results in unexpected behavior.
For advanced projects it is strongly advised to use a central session object store (e.g.: a database, COM or COM+ server),
or to disable multiple processes (IIS: limit to 1 worker processes, Apache: single-process mode "-X")
- Web.xxmp
- The project file, contains an internal list of the files of the project, and other data about the project.
Use xxmProject.exe to edit and manage project settings.
- xxmp.pas
- The project's main unit. When this file is missing form the project, xxm creates one for you.
This one has been modified to include the SetSession(Context);
call on LoadPage, linking each request to a new or existing session.
A session is needed to link incoming file uploads with requests to query the upload progress.
- xxmSession.pas
- This unit defines the TxxmSession class, and SetSession and AbandonSession procedures.
This demo only uses the session to store upload progress information.
- iHead.xxmi
- An include file for pages to use with the HTML header
- iFoot.xxmi
- An include file for pages to use with the HTML footer
- demo9.css
- The website's style sheet, linked to by
iHead.xxmi
, and thus by any page that includes iHead.xxmi
.
- files\
- Directory uploaded files will be stored in. Attention: storing uploaded files within a directory of the website poses a security risk, especially when sensitive information is passed between pages using client side scripting.
- Default.xxm
- The website's default page. It displays a list of the files that have already been uploaded, and a link to the upload form.
- fAdd.xxm
- The upload form. An iframe element is used to display the upload progress when the form is posted.
- aAdd.xxm
- Accepts the upload form post. An upload progress report agent is attached to the context.
- Progress.xxm
- Displays the upload progress.


Photographer and designer based in Hammerfest, Hans Grecco Filipenco, has been honing is skills in geometric artwork for the past several years. Originally an italian cook from Marzamemi, Sicily - Hans blended his passion for savory dishes along with his keen eye for geometric abstractions, bringing about a perfect marriage of his two passions. Hans' deep dive into technology has allowed him to introduce another element to his union and extend the range of his talent. By utilizing SVGs, Hans manifests his expressions in artwork through depths of movement and composition.
Biography
Artwork
Notte e giorno ad Hammerfest
Notte e giorno ad Marzamemi
Documentation
-
CSS-grid and Flexbox-layout
This project uses a combination of CSS-grid and Flexbox-layout to manage the responsive layout. The CSS-grid helps to align elements of the page in sequences, and plays an important role for the structure of this website. The site consists of three main elements, namely, the header, main-content, and footer. These elements belong to a layout defined under the #App-stylings in the CSS-file, and positions the header on top, followed by the main-content and the footer at the bottom. The use of Flexbox allows for responsive layout as the screen-size may differ from user to user. The content of this website is based of flex boxes consisting of columns with different breakpoints. Each column class can take a value from 1-12 points, and each row can hold up to 12 points before a shift in line, i.e. move the new column below the previous columns. As an example, we can have a row of 3 columns of 4 points each. If we were to add a new column to the row, this column would be placed below the three previous columns. Furthermore, columns can also have breakpoints (small, medium), which moves the column to a single row if the screen-size is lower than the breakpoint. To summarize, the use of Flexbox allows for an easy implementation of a fluid layout which changes along with the size of the users’ viewport.
-
HTML canvas and SVG in HTML
The Canvas element is initialized in the HTML code, and the code for representing the art work is wrapped within a function. As a lot of the elements has the same characteristics, i.e. drawing of polygons from point to point – a helper function is used to reduce the amount of lines, and make the code more maintainable. The Canvas is redrawn on each frame and uses global variables to update the position, colours, rotation, etc. of the drawn elements to animate them. Furthermore, event listeners for the Canvas such as “mouseenter” and “mouseleave” are subscribed to in order to change the colors when the user hovers over the canvas. This site uses three SVGs whereas two of them are used as icons and is stored in files, and the third is the SVG-art itself and is produced inline/in-code. The SVGs are built and colored within the SVG-element, and key sub-elements are given classes which makes them easier to access from CSS. The animations and hover effects are handled by CSS. This is done by listening to state changes in the SVG (i.e. hover) and target the elements to animate/change by using the previously mentioned class.
-
Use of jQuery
The jQuery library makes it easy to target HTML-elements and run functions with minimal lines of code compared to pure JavaScript. As this project has implemented scroll logic for the navigation bar and some sort of animation for each section, jQuery has been used to fill the gaps of CSS’ capabilities. The navigation bar changes state when the user scrolls down the page, and thus, never leaves the users’ viewport. This is done by listening to the scroll value of the mouse and adding a class to the navigation when a certain parameter is met. The same logic is implemented for each section, in order to trigger intro animations.
-
Cross-browser testing.
As several browsers have their own interpretation of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, it’s important to test that the site is user-friendly on all targeted browsers. The project has been developed with this in mind, and has been tested on three of the most used browsers, Firefox, Chrome and Safari. This was done by opening the .html file in each browser and manually run through a predetermined user test. Discrepancies was noted and solved until the site fulfilled the user test. As an addition, the site was also tested on different devices, i.e. iPhone and iPad, by using Chrome’s built-in developer tools.


Loss Functions in Machine Learning and LTR
Previously, decision theory was disscussed and an important part of is to evaluate a decision rule for decision making. Since the risk is the average loss \(L(\theta,d)\), different loss functions were used in Machine Learning models. Mean squared error (MSE) was mentioned as the most famous meausre by using squared error loss proposed by Gauss. Regression, Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) use squared error loss. The squared loss function tends to penalize outliers excessively, leading to slower convergence rates. There are other popular loss functions and they are applied in various Machine Learning and Deep Learning models. The plot shows the loss function for two class classification.
1. Hinge loss
The hinge loss is a loss function used for “maximum-margin” classification, most notably for support vector machine (SVM).It’s equivalent to minimize the loss function \(L(y,f) = [1-yf]_+\).
With \(f(x) = h(x)^T \beta + \beta_0\), the optimization problem is loss + penalty: \[ \min_{\beta_0,\beta} \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}[1-y_if(x_i)]_+ + \frac{\lambda}{2}||\beta||^2 \]
2. Exponential loss
The exponential loss is convex and grows exponentially for negative values which makes it more sensitive to outliers. The exponential loss is used in the AdaBoost algorithm. The principal attraction of exponential loss in the context of additive modeling is computational. The additive expansion produced by AdaBoost is estimating onehalf of the log-odds of P(Y = 1|x). This justifies using its sign as the classification rule.
The population minimizer is: \[f^*(x) = \arg\min_{f(x)} E_{Y|x}(e^{-Yf(x)}) = \frac{1}{2} log\frac{Pr(Y = 1|x)}{Pr(Y = -1|x)}\] or \[Pr(Y = 1|x) = \frac{1}{1+e^{-2f*(x)}}\] 3. Logistic loss(Binomial Deviance)
The logistic loss is also called as binomial log-likelihood loss or cross entropy loss. It’s used for logistic regression and in the LogitBoost algorithm. The cross entropy loss is ubiquitous in deep neural networks/Deep Learning.
The binomial log-likelihood loss function is: \[l(Y,p(x)) = Y'logp(x) + (1-Y')log(1-p(x))\]
or the deviance \[-l(Y,f(x) = log(1+e^{-2Yf(x)})\]
Summary Table
| Loss Function | \(L[y,f(x)]\) | Minimizing Function | Advantage/Disadvantage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Squared loss | \([y-f(x)] = [1-yf(x)]^2\) | \(2Pr(Y=+1|x)-1\) | easy cross validation of regularization parameters/slower convergence rates |
| Hinge loss | \([1-yf]_+\) | \(sign[Pr(Y=+1|x)-\frac{1}{2}]\) | support points/not differentiable at\(yf(x)=1\) |
| Exponential loss | \(\frac {1}{2} log(1+e^{-Yf(x)})\) | \(\frac{1}{2}log\frac{Pr(Y =+1|x)}{Pr(Y =-1|x)}\) | grows exponentially for negative values,more sensitive to outliers |
| Logistic loss | \(log(1+e^{-Yf(x)})\) | \(log\frac{Pr(Y =+1|x)}{Pr(Y =-1|x)}\) | grows linearly for negative values,less sensitive to outliers |
Similarities between loss functions:
Hinge loss, Exponential loss, Logistic loss have very similar tails, giving zero penalty to points well inside their margin and linear or exponential penalty to points on the wrong side adn far away. Squared error loss gives a quadratic penalty and points inside their own margin have a strong influence on othe model as well.
Exponential loss and Logistic loss have the same asymptotes as the SVM hinge loss but are rounded in the interrior.
The above popular loss functions are also used in deep learning, for example, Learing To Rank (LTR) for a Recommender System (RS). Differently from traditional machine learning problem that’s to predict the target either classification or regression, LTR optimizes the ranking accruacy instead of the prediction probability accuracy.
Ranking is useful in our daily life for Recommendation system like Netflix, Amazon; Information Retrieval like goole; Drug discovery; Bioinformatics. Generally speaking, there are three types of rankings: bipartie ranking, k-partite ranking, real-valued labels based ranking. RankSVM, RankBoost, RankNet
with corresponding loss functions are used for the ranking problems. A seperate post will be written to further demonstrate LTR framework and how the loss functions are used.
Reference:
Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., & Friedman, J. H. (2009). The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction. 2nd ed. New York: Springer. Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT