The internal type of the Java wrapped class.
The internal type of the Java wrapped class.
The internal instance of the Java wrapped class.
The internal instance of the Java wrapped class.
Close the HTTP client.
Close the HTTP client. This will cause any pooled HTTP connections to be closed.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP CONNECT request with the specified uri
.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP CONNECT request with the specified uri
.
When an HTTP response is received from the server the responseHandler
is called passing in the response.
Attempt to connect an HTML5 websocket to the specified URI
Attempt to connect an HTML5 websocket to the specified URI
This version of the method allows you to specify the websockets version using the wsVersion parameter
You can also specify a set of headers to append to the upgrade request
The connect is done asynchronously and wsConnect
is called back with the websocket
Attempt to connect an HTML5 websocket to the specified URI
Attempt to connect an HTML5 websocket to the specified URI
This version of the method allows you to specify the websockets version using the wsVersion parameter
The connect is done asynchronously and wsConnect
is called back with the websocket
Attempt to connect an HTML5 websocket to the specified URI
Attempt to connect an HTML5 websocket to the specified URI
The connect is done asynchronously and wsConnect
is called back with the websocket
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP DELETE request with the specified uri
.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP DELETE request with the specified uri
.
When an HTTP response is received from the server the responseHandler
is called passing in the response.
Set an exception handler
Set an exception handler
A reference to this, so multiple invocations can be chained together.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP GET request with the specified uri
.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP GET request with the specified uri
.
When an HTTP response is received from the server the responseHandler
is called passing in the response.
The connect timeout in milliseconds
The host
Get the key store password
Get the key store path
Returns the maximum number of connections in the pool
Get the maximum websocket frame size in bytes.
This method works in the same manner as org.vertx.java.core.Handler),
except that it allows you specify a set of headers
that will be sent with the request.
This is a quick version of the org.vertx.java.core.Handler) method where you do not want to do anything with the request before sending.
This is a quick version of the org.vertx.java.core.Handler) method where you do not want to do anything with the request before sending.
Normally with any of the HTTP methods you create the request then when you are ready to send it you call org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest.end() on it. With this method the request is immediately sent.
When an HTTP response is received from the server the responseHandler
is called passing in the response.
The port
The receive buffer size
The send buffer size
the value of TCP so linger
the value of traffic class
Get trust store password
Get the trust store path
Returns true
if the org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClient should try to use compression.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP HEAD request with the specified uri
.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP HEAD request with the specified uri
.
When an HTTP response is received from the server the responseHandler
is called passing in the response.
Is the client keep alive?
The value of reuse address
Is SSL enabled?
true if TCP keep alive is enabled
true if Nagle's algorithm is disabled.
true if this client will trust all server certificates.
true
if pooled buffers are used
true if this client will validate the remote server's certificate hostname against the requested host
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP OPTIONS request with the specified uri
.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP OPTIONS request with the specified uri
.
When an HTTP response is received from the server the responseHandler
is called passing in the response.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP PATCH request with the specified uri
.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP PATCH request with the specified uri
.
When an HTTP response is received from the server the responseHandler
is called passing in the response.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP POST request with the specified uri
.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP POST request with the specified uri
.
When an HTTP response is received from the server the responseHandler
is called passing in the response.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP PUT request with the specified uri
.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP PUT request with the specified uri
.
When an HTTP response is received from the server the responseHandler
is called passing in the response.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP request with the specified uri
.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP request with the specified uri
.
The specific HTTP method (e.g. GET, POST, PUT etc) is specified using the parameter method
When an HTTP response is received from the server the responseHandler
is called passing in the response.
Set the connect timeout in milliseconds.
Set the connect timeout in milliseconds.
a reference to this so multiple method calls can be chained together
Set the host that the client will attempt to connect to the server on to host
.
Set the host that the client will attempt to connect to the server on to host
. The default value is
localhost
A reference to this, so multiple invocations can be chained together.
If keepAlive
is true
then, after the request has ended the connection will be returned to the pool
where it can be used by another request.
If keepAlive
is true
then, after the request has ended the connection will be returned to the pool
where it can be used by another request. In this manner, many HTTP requests can be pipe-lined over an HTTP connection.
Keep alive connections will not be closed until the org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClient.close() method is invoked.
If keepAlive
is false
then a new connection will be created for each request and it won't ever go in the pool,
the connection will closed after the response has been received. Even with no keep alive,
the client will not allow more than org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClient.getMaxPoolSize() connections to be created at any one time.
A reference to this, so multiple invocations can be chained together.
Set the password for the SSL key store.
Set the password for the SSL key store. This method should only be used in SSL mode, i.e. after
org.vertx.scala.core.SSLSupport.setSSL(boolean) has been set to true
.
A reference to this, so multiple invocations can be chained together.
Set the path to the SSL key store.
Set the path to the SSL key store. This method should only be used in SSL
mode, i.e. after org.vertx.scala.core.SSLSupport.setSSL(boolean) has been set to true
.
The SSL key store is a standard Java Key Store, and will contain the client certificate. Client certificates are only required if the server requests client authentication.
A reference to this, so multiple invocations can be chained together.
Set the maximum pool size
Set the maximum pool size
The client will maintain up to maxConnections
HTTP connections in an internal pool
A reference to this, so multiple invocations can be chained together.
Sets the maximum websocket frame size in bytes.
Sets the maximum websocket frame size in bytes. Default is 65536 bytes.
The size in bytes
Set the port that the client will attempt to connect to the server on to port
.
Set the port that the client will attempt to connect to the server on to port
. The default value is
80
A reference to this, so multiple invocations can be chained together.
Set the receive buffer size for connections created by this instance to size
in bytes.
Set the receive buffer size for connections created by this instance to size
in bytes.
a reference to this so multiple method calls can be chained together
Set the reuseAddress setting for connections created by this instance to reuse
.
Set the reuseAddress setting for connections created by this instance to reuse
.
a reference to this so multiple method calls can be chained together
If ssl
is true
, this signifies that any connections will be SSL connections.
If ssl
is true
, this signifies that any connections will be SSL connections.
A reference to this, so multiple invocations can be chained together.
Set the send buffer size for connections created by this instance to size
in bytes.
Set the send buffer size for connections created by this instance to size
in bytes.
a reference to this so multiple method calls can be chained together
Set the TCP soLinger setting for connections created by this instance to linger
.
Set the TCP soLinger setting for connections created by this instance to linger
.
Using a negative value will disable soLinger.
a reference to this so multiple method calls can be chained together
Set the TCP keepAlive setting for connections created by this instance to keepAlive
.
Set the TCP keepAlive setting for connections created by this instance to keepAlive
.
a reference to this so multiple method calls can be chained together
If tcpNoDelay
is set to true
then Nagle's algorithm
will turned off for the TCP connections created by this instance.
If tcpNoDelay
is set to true
then Nagle's algorithm
will turned off for the TCP connections created by this instance.
a reference to this so multiple method calls can be chained together
Set the trafficClass setting for connections created by this instance to trafficClass
.
Set the trafficClass setting for connections created by this instance to trafficClass
.
a reference to this so multiple method calls can be chained together
If you want an SSL client to trust *all* server certificates rather than match them against those in its trust store, you can set this to true.
If you want an SSL client to trust *all* server certificates rather than match them against those in its trust store, you can set this to true.
Use this with caution as you may be exposed to "main in the middle" attacks
Set to true if you want to trust all server certificates
Set the password for the SSL trust store.
Set the password for the SSL trust store. This method should only be used in SSL mode, i.e. after
org.vertx.scala.core.SSLSupport.setSSL(boolean) has been set to true
.
A reference to this, so multiple invocations can be chained together.
Set the path to the SSL trust store.
Set the path to the SSL trust store. This method should only be used in SSL mode, i.e. after
org.vertx.scala.core.SSLSupport.setSSL(boolean) has been set to true
.
The trust store is a standard Java Key Store, and should contain the certificates of any servers that the client trusts.
A reference to this, so multiple invocations can be chained together.
Set if the org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClient should try to use compression.
Set if vertx should use pooled buffers for performance reasons.
Set if vertx should use pooled buffers for performance reasons. Doing so will give the best throughput but may need a bit higher memory footprint.
a reference to this so multiple method calls can be chained together
If verifyHost
is true
, then the client will try to validate the remote server's certificate
hostname against the requested host.
If verifyHost
is true
, then the client will try to validate the remote server's certificate
hostname against the requested host. Should default to 'true'.
This method should only be used in SSL mode, i.e. after org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClient.setSSL(boolean) has been set to true
.
A reference to this, so multiple invocations can be chained together.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP TRACE request with the specified uri
.
This method returns an org.vertx.scala.core.http.HttpClientRequest instance which represents an HTTP TRACE request with the specified uri
.
When an HTTP response is received from the server the responseHandler
is called passing in the response.
Helper method wrapping invocations and returning the Scala type, once again to help provide fluent return types
Helper method wrapping invocations and returning the Scala type, once again to help provide fluent return types
An HTTP client that maintains a pool of connections to a specific host, at a specific port. The client supports pipelining of requests.
As well as HTTP requests, the client can act as a factory for
WebSocket websockets
.If an instance is instantiated from an event loop then the handlers of the instance will always be called on that same event loop. If an instance is instantiated from some other arbitrary Java thread (i.e. when running embedded) then and event loop will be assigned to the instance and used when any of its handlers are called.
Instances of HttpClient are thread-safe.


Commitment Schemes¶
A commitment scheme allows one to commit to a chosen value (or a chosen statement) while keeping it hidden from others, with the ability to reveal the committed value later. There exist some commitment schemes that can be proven by ZK protocols.
Contents
The Committer class¶
-
class
CmtCommitter
¶ This the general class of the Committer side of a Commitment Scheme. A commitment scheme has a commitment phase in which the committer send the commitment to the Receiver, and a decommitment phase in which the the Committer sends the decommitment to the Receiver.
Commit and Decommit¶
This function is the heart of the commitment phase from the Committer’s point of view.
Parameters: - input – The value that the committer commits about.
- id – Unique value attached to the input to keep track of the commitments in the case that many commitments are performed one after the other without decommiting them yet.
-
void
CmtCommitter::
decommit
(long id)¶ This function is the heart of the decommitment phase from the Committer’s point of view.
Parameters: id – Unique value used to identify which previously committed value needs to be decommitted now.
There are cases when the user wants to commit the input but remain non-interactive, meaning not to send the generate message yet. The reasons for doing that are vary, for example the user wants to prepare a lot of commitments and send together. In these cases the commit function is not useful since it sends the generates commit message to the other party. The following function provide the ability to generate the commitment and decommitment messages and get them without send to the other party:
This function generates a commitment message using the given input and ID.
-
shared_ptr<CmtCDecommitmentMessage>
CmtCommitter::
generateDecommitmentMsg
(long id)¶ This function generate a decommitment message using the given id.
Conversion to and from CmtCommitValue¶
-
vector<byte>
CmtCommitter::
generateBytesFromCommitValue
(CmtCommitValue *value)¶ This function converts the given commit value to a byte array.
Parameters: value – to get its bytes. Returns: the generated bytes.
-
shared_ptr<CmtCommitValue>
CmtCommitter::
generateCommitValue
(const vector<byte> &x)¶ This function wraps the raw data x with a suitable CommitValue instance according to the actual implementaion.
Parameters: x – array to convert into a commitValue. Returns: the created CommitValue.
Inner state functions¶
-
CmtCommitmentPhaseValues *
CmtCommitter::
getCommitmentPhaseValues
(long id)¶ This function returns the values calculated during the commit phase for a specific commitment. This function is used for protocols that need values of the commitment, like ZK protocols during proofs on the commitment. We recommended not to call this function from somewhere else.
Parameters: id – of the specific commitment Returns: values calculated during the commit phase
-
vector<shared_ptr<void>>
CmtCommitter::
getPreProcessValues
()¶ This function returns the values calculated during the preprocess phase. This function is used for protocols that need values of the commitment, like ZK protocols during proofs on the commitment. We recommended not to call this function from somewhere else.
Returns: values calculated during the preprocess phase
-
shared_ptr<CmtCommitValue>
CmtCommitter::
sampleRandomCommitValue
()¶ This function samples random commit value to commit on.
Returns: the sampled commit value.
The Receiver class¶
-
class
CmtReceiver
¶ This the general class of the Receiver side of a Commitment Scheme. A commitment scheme has a commitment phase in which the Receiver waits for the commitment sent by the Committer; and a decommitment phase in which the Receiver waits for the decommitment sent by the Committer and checks whether to accept or reject the decommitment.
Receive Commitment and Decommitment¶
-
shared_ptr<CmtRCommitPhaseOutput>
CmtReceiver::
receiveCommitment
()¶ This function is the heart of the commitment phase from the Receiver’s point of view.
Returns: the id of the commitment and some other information if necessary according to the implementing class.
-
shared_ptr<CmtCommitValue>
CmtReceiver::
receiveDecommitment
(long id)¶ This function is the heart of the decommitment phase from the Receiver’s point of view.
Parameters: id – wait for a specific message according to this id Returns: the commitment
-
shared_ptr<CmtCommitValue>
CmtReceiver::
verifyDecommitment
(CmtCCommitmentMsg *commitmentMsg, CmtCDecommitmentMessage *decommitmentMsg)¶ There are cases when the receiver gets the commitment and decommitments in the application (not by the channel), and the receiver does not use the receiveCommitment and receiveDecommitment function. In these cases this function should be called for each pair of commitment and decommitment messages. The reasons for doing that are vary, for example a protocol that prepare a lot of commitments and send together. In these cases the receiveCommitment and receiveDecommitment functions are not useful since they receive the generates messages separately to the other party. This function generates the message without sending it and this allows the user to save it and send it later if he wants.
Conversion to and from CmtCommitValue¶
-
vector<byte>
CmtReceiver::
generateBytesFromCommitValue
(CmtCommitValue *value)¶ This function converts the given commit value to a byte array.
Parameters: value – to get its bytes. Returns: the generated bytes.
Inner state functions¶
-
shared_ptr<void>
CmtReceiver::
getCommitmentPhaseValues
(long id)¶ Return the intermediate values used during the commitment phase.
Parameters: id – get the commitment values according to this id. Returns: a general array of Objects.
-
vector<shared_ptr<void>>
CmtReceiver::
getPreProcessedValues
()¶ Return the values used during the pre-process phase (usually upon construction). Since these values vary between the different implementations this function returns a general array of Objects.
Returns: a general array of Objects
Implemented Protocols¶
Each concrete commitment protocol should have committer and receiver classes that extends the CmtCommitter
and CmtReceiver
abstract classes mentioned above or the CmtCommitterWithProofs
and CmtReceiverWithProofs
, in case the scheme can be proven.
Concrete Commitments protocols implemented so far are: * Pedersen commitment * Pedersen Hash commitment * Pedersen Trapdoor commitment * El Gamal commitment * El Gamal Hash commitment * Simple Hash commitment * Equivoqal commitments
Example of Usage¶
Commitment protocol has two sides: committer and receiver. In order to execute the commitment protocol, both committer and receiver should be created as separate programs (Usually not on the same machine).
Steps in committer creation:
- Given a
Channel
object ch do:- Create a
CmtCommitter
(for example,CmtPedersenCommitter
). - Create an instance of the concrete
CommitValue
that suits the commitment scheme (This can be done by calling the functiongenerateCommitValue(byte[])
. - Call the
commit()
function of the committer with the committed value and id. - Call the
decommit()
function of the committer with the same id sent to thecommit()
function.
- Create a
Code example:
//create the committer
auto dlog = make_shared<OpenSSLDlogECF2m>("K-233");
CmtPedersenCommitter committer(ch, dlog, get_seeded_prg());
//generate CommitValue from string
vector<byte> msg(10, 0);
auto val = committer.generateCommitValue(msg);
//Commit on the commit value with id 2
committer.commit(val, 2);
//decommit id 2
committer.decommit(2);
Steps in receiver creation:
- Given a
Channel
object ch do:- Create a
CmtReceiver
(for example,CmtPedersenReceiver
). - Call the
receiverCommitment()
function of the receiver. - Call the
receiveDecommitment()
function of the receiver with the id given in the output of thereceiverCommitment()
function. - The
CommitValue
returned from thereceiveDecommitment()
can be converted to bytes using thegenerateBytesFromCommitValue()
function of the receiver.
- Create a
Code example:
//create the receiver
auto dlog = make_shared<OpenSSLDlogECF2m>("K-233");
CmtPedersenReceiver receiver(ch, dlog, get_seeded_prg());
//Receive the commitment on the commit value
auto output = receiver.receiveCommitment();
//Receive the decommit
auto val = receiver.receiveDecommitment(output.getCommitmentId());
//Convert the commitValue to bytes.
vector<byte> committedVector = receiver.generateBytesFromCommitValue(val.get());
for (int i=0; i<committedVector.size(); i++){
cout << committedVector[i];
}
cout<<endl;


Lunch : Wednesday, Thursday and Friday - 12PM to 7PM
Dinner: Wednesday, Thursday and Sunday from 4 pm to 10 pm.
Friday and Saturday
we work 24 hours.
Reservations up to 12people – Take out orders available
Pizza palace welcomes local products and first quality vineyard lovers. Every month, a different
sommelier selects
the best wines to pair with our reasonably priced daily specials
Our aim is to serve a meal that delights the senses, nourishes the body and warms the heart any time
of the day.
Our promise: share each time our know-how so you feel at home to enjoy a quick bite
or
linger over a cozy dinner.


[gecode-users] pdb files
Filip Konvička
filip.konvicka at logis.cz
Fri Sep 21 22:04:33 CEST 2007
> as I am myself developing Gecode on Windows with cygwin and MSVC (same
> version) I can reassure you that enable-debug does work. Also, you just add
> the variables once to your .bashrc file. Or, if you are really lazy: start
> bash and run vcvars.bat in it. That's it.
>
I'm using VC++ 2005 Standard SP1 and I downloaded a fresh install of
cygwin (the default set + perl, diff and make). As for calling
vcvars.bat directly, I did not try this as my first attempt somehow failed.
I tried again at my home PC, and it did the same thing. VC++ 2005 Pro,
fresh cygwin (default + perl, diff and make), I did just
export PATH="C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\Common7\IDE:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\BIN:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\Common7\Tools:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\Common7\Tools\bin:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\PlatformSDK\bin:C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\SDK\v2.0\bin:C:\WINNT\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727:C:\Program
Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\VCPackages:$PATH"
export INCLUDE='C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\INCLUDE;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\PlatformSDK\include'
export LIB='C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\ATLMFC\LIB;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\LIB;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\SDK\v2.0\lib'
./configure CC=cl CXX=cl --enable-debug
make
cl -nologo -EHsc -Zi -LDd MDd gecode/kernel/exception.obj
gecode/kernel/core.obj gecode/kernel/memory-manager.obj \
-FeGecodeKernel.dll
cl : Command line warning D9024 : unrecognized source file type 'MDd',
object file assumed
LINK : fatal error LNK1181: cannot open input file 'MDd.obj'
make[1]: *** [GecodeKernel.dll] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/gecode'
make: *** [compilelib] Error 2
So does it use "/MDd" on your box? With gecode/tags/release-1.3.1? I
found the following in configure:
microsoft)
cat >>confdefs.h <<\_ACEOF
#define forceinline __forceinline
_ACEOF
CXXFLAGS="${CXXFLAGS}${CXXFLAGS:+ }-nologo"
CXXFLAGS="${CXXFLAGS}${CXXFLAGS:+ }-EHsc"
cat >>confdefs.h <<\_ACEOF
#define GECODE_MEMORY_ALIGNMENT 4
_ACEOF
if test "${enable_debug:-no}" = "no"; then
CXXFLAGS="${CXXFLAGS}${CXXFLAGS:+ }-Ox -fp:fast"
DLLFLAGS="${DLLFLAGS}${DLLFLAGS:+ }${CXXFLAGS} -LD -MD"
else
CXXFLAGS="${CXXFLAGS}${CXXFLAGS:+ }-Zi"
DLLFLAGS="${DLLFLAGS}${DLLFLAGS:+ }${CXXFLAGS} -LDd MDd"
fi
This is in the svn, so I guess that it must use "MDd" everywhere instead
of "/MDd".
> As it comes to shipping the pdb files, I think that's a good idea. Will do
> for Gecode 2.0.0.
>
Thanks. I think I've already seen several libraries (even programs)
shipped with pdb files.
> BTW: We intend to release 31. October 2007. The system is ready apart from
> minor cleanups and major platform fiddling (on different platform we have
> different issues). If you are curious, you can already get it from svn.
>
That's perfect - of course I am curious! Good luck with platform testing.
Cheers,
Filip
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


by guest astrologer Kathy Rose
Kathy Rose is a Highest Honors Graduate of Noel Tyl’s Master’s Degree Certification Program. She has enjoyed a thriving astrological practice for over 20 years, with clients around the world. Her articles have been published by The Mountain Astrologer magazine, and she produces a monthly New Moon Video available at www.roseastrology.com. Kathy can be reached at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>“No one makes you feel inferior (or guilty) without your consent.” ~ Eleanor Roosevelt
In my practice, I’ve noticed that Saturn in hard aspect to the Sun or Moon in the natal chart can dramatically signal sensitivity to feeling guilt; to taking on responsibility for things which are out of one’s control.
We understand that when the luminaries are stressed by Saturn contact in the natal chart, there is developmental tension with ego expansion and with the expression of the individual’s reigning needs. Sometimes there are inhibitions to work through - a tight, overly controlled or repressed sense of self is often presented. Because we can anticipate this tension when we see this in a horoscope, we should search for ways to release and redirect the restrictions in development.
When I see these aspects in a natal chart, I will often say to the client, “How do you see the role guilt played in your early life.” Then I pause… and wait.
Usually the flood gates open, and we have a powerful discussion.
Recently I talked with a female client, “Tammy”, who has Sun at 0 Gemini at the MC opposed by Saturn Rx at 29 Scorpio on the IC. When I asked her about the role of guilt in her life, she exclaimed, “I feel guilty about everything!!!!” She continued by admitting that, if anything goes wrong, she always feels it’s her fault; and that she feels responsible for everything, for everyone’s well-being and success.
As we continued to talk, Tammy described a childhood full of physical and verbal abuse. Her father had a rigid and controlling personality - with a highly critical mentality. When she was young, she noticed that if there weren’t total order and perfection in the household, her father would become explosive.
The opposition between Saturn and the Sun connected her to the energy of ambition and structured organization - she was wired in this way. Tammy quickly learned that if she handled all the problems of the household, she would avoid abuse, and so would her siblings. Her problem-solving capability around the house became the norm. By automatically assuming responsibility for stepping up and handling things, she had raised the bar for expected behavior. When she didn’t live up to those standards, there was powerful and abusive disapproval.
A conditioned response was born - she linked high efficiency, order and a belief that she was responsible for getting everything done, with the absence of disapproval. She also associated making a mistake (or anything less than hyper-efficiency) with abusive punishment. The pattern she developed has been to attempt to ensure that there is order and success in her life AND for everyone with whom she is in relationship.
In my conversation with Tammy, we focused on the panic and horrible guilt she feels when she finds herself in a situation where she has no control or isn’t able to fix a problem. She feels it is her absolute responsibility to resolve any such problem. Still, to this day, she is afraid when her world isn’t in perfect order - she fears that a “smack on the head” is right around the corner, cruelly waiting for her.
Another female client, “Kate”, has Saturn conjunct Moon in Capricorn square Sun in Libra. She has a pattern very much like Tammy’s, but without the abuse.
Kate also related to feeling guilty all the time, especially if she takes time for her personal needs. In the consultation, she admitted being influenced by her Catholic education and by the message, “self pride is no pride”. She was programmed with an unyielding belief that you should never call attention to yourself because that would be selfish and shallow.
This was further modeled by her Grandmother who lived with the family. The Grandmother lived a life of silent martyrdom - constant work, never resting or taking time for herself. This was in contrast to her mother, a total free spirit who lived in a perpetual state of being overwhelmed and disorganized. Her father was a very regimented military man who was a master at radiating silent disapproval and judgment when there wasn’t order in the household.
In Kate’s chart, Saturn rules the third house, holding a Capricorn stellium with Saturn-Jupiter-Moon. Her mindset is Capricornian, flowing toward strategic achievement and efficiency; and this is in sync with the reigning need of her Moon - to make things happen and administrate progress. There is a natural orientation to organize and to get things done, and by devotedly following this orientation, she feels rewarded.
Kate learned that she was incredibly capable(!) of taking care of all the disorganization and undone tasks that her mother couldn’t handle, and thus winning the approval from her father - or at least, avoiding the disapproval. She adopted a conditioned pattern of feeling painful self-judgment and guilt, even when there wasn’t the suggestion of disorder. She assumed responsibility for everything.
When we had our consultation, Kate was 49 years old and the mother of 5 children. She was exhausted, stressed and emotionally drained from living in a state of chronic guilt-anxiety - fearing that she would not be able to stay on top of the never-ending work in her house.
Kate and Tammy are examples of Saturn’s structured, efficient drive to get things done, to move things forward, and to solve problems by working hard. These traits became exaggerated and ignited by external disapproval. An extreme is set up, and the boundary issue of where responsibility begins and ends emerges. Responsibility runs amuck. –These are examples of painful overachieving in order to avoid guilt and self-judgment.
The opposite reaction - underachievement - is also possible.
She has developed a language of instinctive apology, with “I’m sorry” being interjected many times in every conversation. Her Saturn energy has never risen to the challenge of achievement; instead she proves to herself on a daily basis that she is as “bad” and “unworthy” as she felt her parents projected upon her.
Instead of working to avoid the guilt, she embraces it with her underachievement - and her sense of self-sabotage and failure keeps her safe. Her guilt eats away at her self-worth and keeps her stuck in a very dysfunctional pattern, with her feeling as though she doesn’t have the right to take up space.
Whether it’s hyper-achievement with a pervasive over-reaching assumption of responsibility, or purposeful underachievement in order to guarantee disappointment for the sake of staying safe, this guilt syndrome presents a losing battle. It’s an inner conflict where one loses no matter what one does. Guilt is an emotional state produced by thoughts that we have not lived up to our ideal self and could - or “should” - have done better.
This is where therapeutic astrology really shines. If we are confident enough to understand both the structure and the symbolism of guilt as seen through tension from Saturn to the Sun or Moon, we can help our client identify a programmed reaction that controls their behavior and keeps them stuck in negative patterns. We can help them break the circular cycle of guilt and be free from the self-imposed burdens.
When people have a deeper awareness of their guilt patterns, they can tear up the permission slip they unconsciously wrote - giving the world their consent for making them feel bad.
Or call<PHONE_NUMBER>.


Alpha 0.3.7, released on 08/19/2013
* Added Volume Control support.
Alpha 0.3, released on 08/13/2013
* Improved AutoPlay
Alpha 0.2, released on 08/12/2013
* Added support for custom apps
* Fixed incompabilities with Devices running Android versions below 4.0
Alpha 0.1, released on 08/11/2013
* Initial release


Drawing the Solar System in p5 with explore.js
In this tutorial, I'll explain how to draw the planets in the Solar System using the explore.js library using P5.js for graphics. If you've never used P5.js before, you may want to check out p5js.org first, but you should still be able to follow this tutorial if you are familiar with Javascript.
First, we'll initialize some of our variables. Drawing everything from the center outwards is the easiest way to think of our Solar System, so we want to keep track of where the center is with the variables centerX and centerY.
Next, we'll use a couple of variables to keep track of the time, date and play speed. Finally, we'll set some variables that describe how big to draw the Solar System and how much we want to scale the planets. If we were to attempt to draw the planets at their actual size, they would be far too small to show up in virtually any view we would want.
var centerX, centerY
var speed = 0
var tOffset = 0
var date
var solarScale = 15
var planetScale = .001
P5 programs are called sketches. Every sketch includes the two functions setup() and draw(). setup() initializes everything we'll need and draw() is a loop that runs once on every frame. In our setup() function, all we really need to do is create a canvas the size of our window and initialize our center variables to store where the center of this canvas is.
function setup(){
createCanvas(windowWidth, windowHeight)
centerX = width/2
centerY = height/2
}
Next, we'll get to the draw() function. This is sort of the heart of the program. In short, what we'll do is update the current time, draw the Sun, cycle through the planets drawing first the paths of the orbits and then the planets themselves.xpl.updateTime() calls a function in the explore library that updates the time. explore.js keeps track of time with the Julian Date. To learn more about how Julian Dates work, visit the US Naval Observatory website.
After updating the time, we can accurately derive the planets' locations and draw. The first thing we'll draw is the Sun. imageMode(CENTER) will draw everything from the center out. The next few lines will draw a circle at the center of the screen with a radius of 5.
function draw(){
xpl.updateTime()
background(0)
imageMode(CENTER)
noStroke()
fill(255)
ellipse(centerX,centerY,5,5)
Now, while still inside of the draw() loop, we will create a for loop that looks at every planet inside xpl.planets. xpl.planets is an array of planet objects in the explore.js library. First, we'll call the current planet we're looking at "planet". Then we can store that planet's position, radius and color.
The position of planets we get with the function xpl.SolarSystem(). This function takes two arguments. The first is which planet we want to return the position of and the second argument is the time at which we want to find out the position. The time, in this case, is the current time, xpl.now, plus the tOffset which can be set by the user. The position of the planets is returned as an array in heliocentric coordinates. This can cause a lot of confusion because heliocentric coordinates are described with the Z-axis as up. This can be confusing because most graphics programs use a Y-axis up system. Be sure to keep this in mind when dealing with coordinates
The radius is also store in the planet object but we need to multiply it by our planet scale. Each planet also has a rough surface color associated with it that is stored in the planet object.
for(var p=0;p< xpl.planets.length;p++){
var planet = xpl.planets[p]
var position = xpl.SolarSystem(planet,xpl.now+tOffset)
var radius = planet.radius*planetScale
var planetColor = color(planet.rgbColor.r,
planet.rgbColor.g,
planet.rgbColor.b)
Still in the draw() loop, we want to create a new coordinate system by using push() and pop(). Refer to the p5js documentation to understand push() and pop() further. Now, starting from the center, we will draw the orbital paths of the planets by propagating its position inside of a for loop. The trail step takes the number of days in the planets year (one full trip around the Sun) and divides it by the number of segments you'll want in your line. Next, it simple draws a line from the previous point to the next point.
push()
translate(centerX,centerY)
var trailStep = (planet.yearLength/64)
for(var trail = 0;trail< planet.yearLength;trail+=trailStep){
var t1 = xpl.SolarSystem(planet,xpl.now+tOffset-trail)
var t2 = xpl.SolarSystem(planet,xpl.now+tOffset-trail-trailStep)
stroke(255)
line(t1[0]*solarScale,
t1[1]*solarScale,
t2[0]*solarScale,
t2[1]*solarScale)
}
Now, we draw the actual planets as circles. manageSlider() deals with the time controls.
fill(planetColor)
noStroke()
ellipse(position[0]*solarScale,
position[1]*solarScale,
radius,
radius)
pop()
}
manageSlider()
}
manageSlider() looks for a global speed variable. The speed variable is set below with event listeners on the buttons. Depending on the speed, a step of a certain size is added to the timeOffset variable on each frame. A large step added on each frame makes the simulation play faster.
function manageSlider(){
var dir = speed > 0
dir *= 2
dir -= 1
if(speed< 0){
document.getElementById("timescale").innerHTML+=' backwards'
}
switch(Math.abs(speed)){
case 0:
step = 0
document.getElementById("timescale").innerHTML = 'Second'
break;
case 1:
step = 0.00001157407 * dir// 1 min/sec
document.getElementById("timescale").innerHTML = 'Minute'
break;
case 2:
step = 0.00069166666 * dir// 1 hr/sec
document.getElementById("timescale").innerHTML = 'Hour'
break;
case 3:
step = 0.0166 * dir// 1 day/sec
document.getElementById("timescale").innerHTML = 'Day'
break;
case 4:
step = 0.498 * dir// 1 month/sec
document.getElementById("timescale").innerHTML = 'Month'
break;
case 5:
step = 5.976 * dir// 1 yr/sec
document.getElementById("timescale").innerHTML = 'Year'
break;
}
//add step to tOffset which used throughout the sketch
tOffset+=step
/*the date takes the current time and adds the offset.
This is stored as a Julian Date
We need to convert the date from a Julian date to a calendar date.
-5 is our timezone offset from gmt*/
date = xpl.dateFromJday(xpl.now+tOffset,-5)
//now well draw the date
noStroke()
fill(255)
textSize(30)
textAlign(CENTER)
text(date.month + "/",50,height-50)
text(date.day + "/",90,height-50)
text(date.year,150,height-50)
}
//This simply resizes the sketch when the window dimensions change
function windowResized() {
resizeCanvas(windowWidth, windowHeight);
centerX = windowWidth/2
centerY = windowHeight/2
}
//The following are event listeners that change
// the speed and time when a button is clicked.
document.getElementById("fastForward").addEventListener('click',function(){
var rewind = document.getElementById("rewind")
rewind.innerHTML = "

"+
"

"
speed++
speed < 0 ? speed = 0 : {}
if(speed< 6){
for(var s=0; s< speed; s++){
var name = "speed"+speed+1
var fastforward = document.getElementById("fastForward")
fastforward.innerHTML+="

"
document.getElementById(name).style.borderColor =
"transparent transparent transparent #0f0"
document.getElementById(name).style.left = (speed*20)+'px'
}
}
})
document.getElementById("rewind").addEventListener('click',function(){
var fastfoward = document.getElementById("fastForward")
fastforward.innerHTML = "

"+
"

"
speed--
speed > 0 ? speed = 0 : {}
if(speed>-6){
for(var s=0; s>speed; s--){
var name = "speed-"+speed
document.getElementById("rewind").innerHTML+="

"
document.getElementById(name).style.borderColor =
"transparent transparent transparent #f00"
document.getElementById(name).style.left = (speed*20)+'px'
}
}
})
document.getElementById("play").addEventListener('click',function(){
speed=0
document.getElementById("fastForward").innerHTML =
"

"+
"

"
document.getElementById("rewind").innerHTML = "

"
})
document.getElementById("resetTime").addEventListener("click",function(event){
tOffset = 0
})


unitControlModule.stateFactories.actions.executableActions.worker
Classes
ConstructBuildingAction
GatherAction
GatherGasAction
GatherMineralsAction
MoveToNearestCenterAction
RepairAction
RepairActionBuilding
RepairActionUnit
ScoutBaseLocationWorkerAction
UnloadAction
UnloadGasAction
UnloadMineralsAction
WorkerAction


Question:
Was a contract made between either Wayne, Jenny or Rose?
This is the hint
Please enter some authority
Case authority:
Your answer:
Wayne already made a contract with Rose
Wayne did not make a contract with Rose
Jenny breached her contract with Rose
Jenny has no idea what she is doing
This is the feedback


ForkJoin() Example
Combine all HTTP calls. Can be used to call N number of HTTP calls parallelly and get all response in single array.
Click to call getEmployees and getUsers parallelly :
Loading...
{{userList | json}}
{{employeeList | json}}
| {{i}} |
{{emp.id}} |
{{emp.first_name}} |
{{emp.last_name}} |
|


About MeI am Yahaya Muiz Ayomide, a 200 Level Computer Science student of the Kwara State University. I am passionate anything tech! |
Academics
|
My Experience
I have acquired some basics skills that will be useful for me in Web development and also in some other practical aspect.Below are some of the skills acquired:
©2021 –Ayomide. All Rght Reserved |


Dashboard / Expense Entry Detail
    Equative, Inc. provides free support and training for both Free Trial and Licensed Users. If there is something about TimeLedger that doesn't work for you, we want to know about it.
Hello! I wanted to tell you about www.TimeLedger.com - an easy to setup and use online time and expense tracking application for small to large companies. Your organization can be setup and using www.TimeLedger.com in one hour. TimeLedger <http://www.TimeLedger.com> allows companies and organizations of 1 to 10,000 people to collect timesheet and expense information from people through mobile devices such as iPhones, iPads and Android phones and through any web browser. Employees and contractors can also record time and expenses offline on their laptop or desktop and also offline using their mobile phones. Then as soon as they have cell service or WiFi access, their data is automatically synchronized to the main TimeLedger servers. TimeLedger can produce thousands of graphs, charts and reports and includes powerful ad hoc reporting. It send email alerts to remind users and managers of when projects are running over time and/or expense budgets, and when timesheets need to be submitted for approval. TimeLedger has a robust approval system that allows managers to review individual timesheet detail, ask questions directly to users, and to lock and unlock time entries before final timesheet approval. Try the fully-functional TimeLedger Free Trial right now at: http://www.timeledger.com/signup/ In the Free Trial, you can add any number of users, groups and departments. Contact TimeLedger at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Equative, Inc. 270 N. El Camino Real #510 Encinitas, CA 92024-2874 Or call at<PHONE_NUMBER>


Charly Boy steps out for Opera News Hub launch - The Nation Newspaper
by https://www.facebook.com/alao.h.joshuaOlushola Victor
There has never been a dull moment for Charles Oputa, popularly known as Charly Boy. Even the loss of his mother, Mrs Margaret Oputa, in October, has not stopped him from being his lively self.
The entertainer was one of the personalities sighted at Radisson Blu Hotel, Ikeja GRA, Lagos, for the unveiling of Opera News Hub, a new online media platform that helps authors and bloggers produce original online content. Social Circuit gathered that he has also signed up with the company as an influencer and writer.
Charly Boy’s presence caught the attention of admirers who took turns to take photos with him. He also seemed to enjoy the moment as he was warm with everyone and didn’t leave in a hurry.


The lack of consistency in some of the datapoints would make this difficult to run through a net. For example, in respect to the gender there's a lot of "unknowns." There are also a ton of ages that are left blank
For the most part this dataset seems like it'd be a good indicator of whether some factors might make someone lean more towards one country than another. But things that aren't taken into account that I think are more important is the fact that none of these factors usually influence what country an individual might lean towards. For example, usually the affordability of the country should be taken into account, or the prior search history of the user, or the time of year even.
Below a quick visualization we can do is check where people in the US want to travel the most (at least according to this dataset). It seems that they mostly like to stay at home, and travel internally. (ignoring the NDF which means there wasn't a booking)
We ended up putting together a sort of guideline for our project rather than a paragraph, with everything from data collection to datasets:


Hello my name is Ammar, 27 yrs, I live in Irbid, today I'm a web development student at LTUC, I've always
wanted to start a developing career, and now I'm becoming part of it.
I have had some trainig courses before but I've never got an advanced one like the one I'm in now.
I used to work as a PCs, laptops and smart devices technitian , I also did many volunteering at some NGOs,
in translation, datat entry,and some other jobs.
I love soccor , my favorite team is Real Madrid, and my favorite player is the Coroatian Luka Modric, I also
love listining to old music and one of my wishes is to learn how to play guitar or oud.
Ever since I love watching movies I have made a list of my 10 favorite movies


Movie TimeCostclick hereSome dumbthing5:00pm$5.00
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy
text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make
a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic
typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of
Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software
like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
click hereSome dumbthing5:00pm$5.00
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy
text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make
a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic
typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of
Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software
like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.


Try out our Premium Member services: Virtual Legal Assistant, Query Alert Service and an ad-free experience. Free for one month and pay only if you like it.
2nd Additional Bench STATE CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL COMMISSION, PUNJAB, CHANDIGARH Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 Date of Institution : 29.07.2016 Date of Decision : 16.08.2017 Vishnu Kumar son of Shri Mahender Pal, resident of House No. 3223, Sector 21-D, Chandigarh. ....Complainant Versus 1. The Sherwood Officers Society (Regd.), Mohali/Amritsar, through its Chairman Shri Parampal Singh Sidhu r/o H. No. 3048, Power House Road, Bathinda. 2. RKM Housing Ltd., SCO 1-2-3-4, Behind Chandigarh Engineering College, Sector-112, Landran, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) through its Managing Director Mr. K.S. Walia. ....Opposite parties Consumer Complaint under Section 17 of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. Quorum:- Shri Gurcharan Singh Saran, Presiding Judicial Member. Shri Rajinder Kumar Goyal, Member Present:- For the complainant : Sh. Shubham Kaushik, Advocate For opposite party No.1: Sh. Ashok Verma, Advocate For opposite party No.2: Sh. J.P.S. Sidhu, Advocate Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 2 GURCHARAN SINGH SARAN, PRESIDING JUDICIAL MEMBER ORDER
Complainant has filed this complaint against the opposite parties (hereinafter referred as Ops) under Section 17 of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (for short the Act) on the averments that Op No. 1 i.e. Sherwood Officers Society (Regd.) is a registered body under Section 2 of the Societies Registration Act, 1860 having its Head Office at Amritsar, which was formed for the development scheme in the vicinity of the city of Chandigarh at Sector 113, Mohali and they carried out a wide publicity and general public was invited in the project for booking of the residential plots. They were to develop the plots of various sizes i.e. 200 yards, 250 yards, 300 yards, 400 yards and 500 yards. The complainant believing the assurance extended by Op No. 1 as a genuine one applied for membership of the Society by depositing a sum of Rs. 21,000/- vide cheque No. 906677 dated 3.5.2011 for the allotment of a plot of 200 sq. yards. On the basis of his membership, he was allotted to 200 sq. yards plot vide allotment letter dated 5.6.2011 @ Rs. 13,800/- per sq. yards for a total sale consideration of Rs. 27,60,000/-. The complainant made the payment to the tune of Rs. 19,00,000/-. Op No. 1 expressly assured that the development activities at the site are to start very soon and that the plots will be made available within the stipulated period i.e. 1½ years from the date of booking. However, the assurances given by the Ops were totally false and misleading. Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 3 The factum of getting various approvals from the Government was found false from the letter of Op no. 1 SOS/2294 dated 20.5.2013 wherein it was clearly stated by the Authorized Signatory that CLU for the project has been approved by STP letter No. 308-STP (S)- SS-11 GR dated 3.2.2012. In the year 2014, the complainant was apprised that MOU dated 15.7.2014 has been signed between Op No. 1 and M/s RKM Housing Limited (RKM Builder) for handing over the entire project to Op No. 2, who shall now develop and deliver the possession. That decision was taken by some founder member and was imposed upon all the ordinary members leaving no option except to ratify the said decision in the Annual General Meeting held on 31.7.2014. Op No. 2 then sent letter requesting the Members to sign the consent letter on the basis of which fresh allotment letter shall be issued. The complainant also signed the consent letter. On the basis of that Op No. 2 vide letter No. RKM/0217 dated 30.10.2014 issued revised allotment letter and Op No. 2 also assured to deliver the possession of the said plot within a period of 20 months from the date of issuance of the letter, however, both the parties played fraud with the Members as Ops were not having CLU or layout plan of the project from the GMADA, therefore, the scheme was launched in violation of the provisions of PAPRA, 1995. No development has been started at the spot. Alleging unfair trade practice and deficiency in services on the part of Ops, complaint has been filed by the complainant against the Ops for refund of Rs. 19 Lacs alongwith interest @ 24% p.a. from Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 4 the date of deposit, compensation of Rs. 5 Lacs and litigation expenses of Rs. 50,000/-.
2. Upon notice, Ops filed their written reply. Op No. 1 in its written reply took the preliminary objections that complaint is not maintainable in the present form; complainant has not come to the Commission with clean hands; the complainant has failed to make the payment on due dates and that the complaint is not maintainable before this Commission as the complainant has alleged fraud for which the complaint should be referred to the Civil Court. On merits, the averments stated in the preliminary objections were reiterated. However, it is a matter of record that the complainant applied for membership, which was allowed and he was allotted plot of 200 square yards for a total cost of Rs. 27,60,000/-, out of which a sum of Rs. 6.90 lacs was to be paid on the date of booking and amount of Rs. 10.35 Lacs was to be paid on or before 24.9.2011 and another amount of Rs. 10.35 Lacs was to be paid on or before 24.1.2012. However, the complainant paid a sum of Rs. 10 Lacs on 3.5.2011, Rs. 8 Lacs on 6.9.2011. He paid a sum of Rs. 1 Lac on 20.12.2012 and 3rd installment of Rs. 10 Lacs, which was to be paid on or before 24.1.2012 was not paid. He also did not pay the EDC/IDC charges. It has been specifically denied that Op No.1 expressly assured that the activities at the site will start very soon and that the possession of the flat will be made within stipulated period of 1½ years from the date of booking i.e. 3.5.2011. It was also denied that the offer given by Op No.1 was false and mis-leading or that no development activity was carried Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 5 out at the site. As per Clause 9 of the allotment letter, it was mentioned that all efforts will be made to hand over the possession of the flat within a period of 1½ years from the date of booking. This Op is just a Society and not Colonizer and the work is to be carried out on the basis of payment made by its Members. Since the Members failed to make the payment, therefore, CLU from the GMADA could not be obtained. Society went in loss. Earlier CLU amount was Rs. 1,29,00,000/- but lateron it was increased to Rs. 2,40,00,000/-. With the consent of Members vide MOU dated 15.7.2014, the project was handed over to Op No. 2 for development. Therefore, the complaint of the complainant is not maintainable against this Op. Complainant has also given a consent to transfer the project to Op No. 2, therefore, no unfair trade practice or deficiency in service on the part of this Op. Complaint is without merit, it be dismissed with special costs against this Op.
3. Op No. 2 in their written reply pleaded that Op No. 1 is a Society registered under the Societies Registration Act and that the complainant was enrolled as a Member with Op No. 1. It was further stated that the Member, who is admitted/enrolled as ordinary member was to get his membership renewed after a period of 2 years. The complainant was admitted as a Member w.e.f. 3.5.2011 and was bound to get his membership renewed on or before 3.5.2013, therefore, he is not a Member of Op No.1. The complainant was told about the MOU between Op No. 1 & Op No. 2 by sending a letter and consequently, the complainant gave his Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 6 consent letter dated 30.10.2014. Op No. 2 wanted to take up the matter and to develop the project for which he was to get CLU from GMADA and other approvals from the concerned Departments for which huge amount was required. Op No. 2 wrote letter dated 15.5.2016 and 30.6.2016 to the complaint to deposit the development charges and remaining balance payment but the complainant did not deposit it. Therefore, there is no unfair trade practice or deficiency in service on the part of this Op. Complaint is without merit, it be dismissed.
4. The parties were allowed to lead their respective evidence to prove their contentions. Complainant in his evidence has tendered has tendered his affidavit Ex. C-1 and documents Exs. C-2 to C-5. On the other hand Op No. 1 had tendered affidavit of Varinder Singh, Accountant Ex. Op-1/A and documents Exs. Op- 1/2 to Op-1/4.
Miscellaneous Application No. 1749 of 2017
5. During the pendency of the complaint opposite party No.1 moved an application for dismissal of the present complaint qua opposite party No.1 because opposite party No.1 is the Society, according to Section 13 of the Societies Registration Act 1860, provided as under:-
"In the event of any dispute arising among the said governing body or the members of the society, the adjustment of its affairs shall be referred to the principal court of original civil jurisdiction of the district in which the chief building of the Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 7 society is situate and the court shall make such order in the matter as it shall deem requisite."
6. Therefore, this Commission has no jurisdiction to decide the matter between the society and members. To support this proposition he has referred the judgment reported in 2009(5) BCR 201 titled as General Manager, Telecom Vs. M.Krishnan & Anr., wherein it has been held that Consumer Forum does not have the jurisdiction as there is a special remedy under Section 7B of Telegraph Act regarding disputes in respect of telephone bills. However, later on the Hon'ble National Commission had circulated the instructions that under Section 3 of the Act an additional remedy has been provided. Therefore, the Consumer Fora, have the jurisdiction as held in II (2014) CPJ 38 titled as "GMTD, BSNL, Shillong Vs. KUM.D.Phawa, Mangpoh". Moreover, the provisions under the Telegraph Act are entirely different than the provisions under the Cooperative Societies Act, therefore, this judgment will not apply to the facts of the present case. He has further referred to the judgment reported in 2013(4) C.P.J. 333 titled as Anjana Abraham Vs. Managing Director of Koothattukulam Farmers Service Co-operative Bank Ltd., in which, there was a dispute between a member and Cooperative society regarding the settlement of account. In that event, it was observed that if there is alternative remedy under Section 69 of the Act, the complaint was rightly dismissed by the Consumer Fora. He further referred to a judgment reported in 2015(2) C.P.J. 207, titled as K.D.Kothiyal Vs. Phool Kaul & Ors. In that case, there Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 8 was a dispute between two members of the society. In that context, it was held that consumer complaint is not maintainable. He has also referred to a judgment reported in 2016(4) C.P.J. 711 titled as Rajendra Singh Verma Vs. Committee of Management, Indraprastha Sahakari Awas Samiti Limited & Anr. It was a dispute regarding the outstanding amount. The matter was settled by the arbitrator. In that context, it was held by the Hon'ble Bench that once the matter is settled by the Arbitrator then the complaint before the National Commission is barred by principles of res judicata. He has referred to another judgment reported in 2016(2) C.P.J. 42 titled as "Hanuman Sahakari Pani Pruvatha Sanstha Maryadit & Ors. Vs. Ramchandra Bapuso Khade & Ors.". In that case, there was a dispute between the opposite party and society regarding loss caused on account of non-supply of water for irrigation of land. In that context, it was held by the Hon'ble National Commission that Consumer Fora has no jurisdiction to entertain the complaint. Whereas, learned counsel for the complainant referred to the judgment of Hon'ble National Commission reported in 2017(1) CLT 73 titled as "Raj Kumar Goyal Vs. Malwinder Singh Battu & Ors." In this case, opposite purchased a land and assured to its members to allot flats but failed to give possession. In that context, it was held that even if the issue is to be handled by the Cooperative Department under cooperative law, jurisdiction of Consumer Fora to deal with these matters is not barred. In that case, personal liability of the office bearers of Cooperative Society will also be there. In that case, a Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 9 Judgment of Hon'ble Supreme Court reported in III (1996) CPJ 1 (SC) titled as "Fair Air Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Vs. N.K.Modi" was also relied upon. In another judgment reported in IV(2015) C.P.J., Pg.16 titled as H.R. Singh & Ors. Vs. Vandana Sanjay Pandya & Ors, it was observed that Cooperative Societies Act does not oust the jurisdiction of Consumer Protection Act, 1986. A specific provision under Section 3 of the Act has been provided. The same is reproduced as under:-
"3. Act not in derogation of any other law: The provisions of the Act shall be in addition to and not in derogation of the provisions of any other law for the time being in force."
7. This Section is in addition to and not in derogation of provisions under any other Act. Where the Cooperative Society has assured for the services after taking the amount from its members then it falls within the ambit of services and where the society is in default of services then the matter is covered under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 and Consumer Fora have the jurisdiction to entertain the complaints. Therefore, we do not agree with the plea raised by the counsel for OP No. 1 that the complaint against Op No.1 be dismissed. The application is without merit and it is hereby dismissed.
Miscellaneous Application No. 1750 of 2017
8. OP No. 1 also moved an application to place on record the certificate issued by GMADA on 9.3.2012. However, counsel for the complainant stated that it is clear from this certificate is valid from 7.12.2010 to 6.12.2015 that period is already over and no Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 10 certificate has been placed on the record that it has been got renewed. Therefore, it will not serve the purpose that the Op had the certificate of Promoter but it expired in the year 2015 and it was not further got renewed. Therefore, we do not see any merit in the application and the same is hereby dismissed. Main Complaint
9. It is an admitted fact that Op No. 1 is a Society registered under the Cooperative Societies Act, 1860. The complainant was enrolled as a Member. Op No. 1 raised the scheme under the name and style of Sherwood Estates Mohali, Sector 113, Mohali. On the basis of advertisement given by the Op, the complainant got membership on the basis of which he was given allotment letter of 200 yards plot vide letter dated 5.6.2011. Ex. C-1 is the main features of the scheme raised by the Op. Ex. C- 3 is the Membership Registration form vide which a sum of Rs. 21,000/- was received by Op No. 1. Op No. 1 further received a sum of Rs. 8 Lacs vide receipt dated 6.9.2011 and Rs. 1 Lac vide receipt dated 20.12.2012 referred in the other receipt i.e. Ex. C-3 (colly). Further, Op No. 2 issued revised allotment letter Ex. C-4 in which it was admitted receiving a sum of Rs. 19,00,000/-. Then as per MOU with Op Nos. 1 & 2, the project was transferred to Op No.
2. The copy of the MOU has been placed on the record as Ex. Op- 1/3. This MOU includes the following Clause:-
"And whereas the First Party, in the overall interest of the Society and its Members/Allottees, has decided to involve a reputed Developer/Colonizer who shall take over the entire Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 11 project of the First Party in Sector 113, Mohali along with all its assets and liabilities and develop it for the Members/Allottees."
Clause No. 6 further specify the period within which after development plots will be delivered to the Members.
"6. The second party shall obtain Change of Land Use (CLU) as soon as possible from date of signing of this MOU with concerned department and shall undertake development of the area into a residential colony. The Second Party will hand over Plots after developing the same to the non- defaulting Members/Allottees within 20 months from the date of MOU."
Accordingly, the revised allotment letter was issued by Op No. 2 as Ex. Op-1/4. It also certifies the receipt of earlier amount of Rs. 19 Lacs and out of the balance amount a sum of Rs. 3 Lacs was demanded by Op No. 2. No doubt that consent was given by the complainant for transferring the project by Op No. 1 to Op No. 2 but when Op No. 1 was not developing the project under the compelled circumstances, they had to give the consent.
10. Now the question arises whether Op No. 1 was entitled to raise such a scheme without any CLU and other certificates from the concerned Departments. The CLU was accorded to Op No. 2 vide their letter dated 2.12.2016, which makes it clear that before that neither Op No. 1 or Op No. 2 had the relevant certificates, it has been so stated by Op No. 2 in their reply, even such certificates were not there when the project was transferred to Op Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 12 No. 2. Here the reference to Section 4 of the PAPRA, 1995 is relevant, which reads as under:-
"4. Issuing of Advertisement or Prospectus:- (1) No promoter shall issue an advertisement or prospectus, offering for sale any apartment or plot, or inviting persons who intend to take such apartments or plots to make advances or deposits, unless,-
(a) the promoter holds a certificate of registration under sub-section (2) of section 21 and it is in force and has not been suspended or revoked, and its number is mentioned in the advertisement or prospectus; and
(b) a copy of the advertisement or prospectus is filed in the office of the competent authority before its issue or publication.
(2) The advertisement or prospectus issued under sub- section (1) shall disclose the area of the apartments or plots offered for sale, title to the land, extent and situation of land, the price payable and in the case of colonies, also layout of the colony, the plan regarding the development works to be executed in a colony and the number and the validity of the licence issued by the competent authority under sub-section (3) of section 5, and such other matters as may be prescribed.
(3) The advertisement or prospectus shall be available for inspection at the office of the promoter and at the site where the building is being constructed or on the land being developed into a colony, alongwith the documents specified in this section and in section 3.
(4) When any person makes an advance or deposits on the faith of the advertisement or prospectus, and sustains any loss or damage by reason of any untrue statement included therein, he shall be compensated by,-
(a) the promoter, if an individual;
Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 13
(b) every partner of the firm, if the promoter is a firm;
(c) every person who is a director at the time of issue of
the advertisement or prospectus, if the promoter is a company:
Provided, however, that such person shall not be liable if he proves that,-
(a) he withdrew his consent to become a director before the issue of the advertisement or prospectus; or
(b) the advertisement or prospectus was issued without his knowledge or consent, and on becoming aware of its issue, he forthwith gave reasonable public notice that it was issued without his knowledge or consent; or
(c) after the issue of the advertisement or prospectus and before any agreement was entered into with buyers of plots or apartments, he, on becoming aware of any untrue statement therein, withdrew his consent and gave reasonable public notice of the withdrawal and of the reasons therefor.
(5) When any advertisement or prospectus includes any untrue statement, every person who authorised its issue, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend upto one year or with fine which may extend upto five thousand rupees, or, with both, unless he proves that the statement was immaterial or that he had reason to believe and did upto the time of issue of the advertisement or prospectus believe that the statement was true."
11. The counsel for the Ops have failed to convince before us how they had complied with the provisions of Section 4 of the Act. Further the CLU now provided by Senior Town Planner vide letter dated 2.12.2016 Ex. Op-2/D and Clause No. 9 of the letter issued by Senior Town Planner is as under:-
Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 14
"(ix) Applicant shall obtain NOC from P.P.C.B. under the Water Prevention and control of Pollution Act, 1970, Municipal Solid Waste Management and Handling Rules, 2000 or any other relevant Act before undertaking any development at site."
However, opposite party No. 2 has also not placed on the record the requisite Certificate obtained by them from the concerned departments.
12. Therefore, we have no hesitation to return the findings in favour of the complainant and against the Ops that they have indulged in unfair trade practice as well as deficiency in service even after transferring the project to Op No. 2. Op No. 2 has not been able to deliver the possession within a period of 20 months as agreed. Complainant had submitted an application/complaint in Sangat Darshan against the Ops, upon which the Estate Officer (R), GAMADA told to its official to send the complaint under Section 4 of the PAPRA Act to the competent authority for its approval and necessary action and soon it was also written to the Senior Superintendent of Police, S.A.S. Nagar for the registration of case against the afore said persons.
13. Counsel for Op No.2 contended that there is no direct agreement between the complainant and Op No. 2. The reference is given to MOU Ex. Op-1/4, which shows that Op No. 2 has come in the footsteps of Op No. 1 and had taken all the assets and liabilities and after that he also issued the fresh allotment letter Ex. Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 15 C-4, therefore, it cannot say that there is no privity of contract between the complainant and Op No. 2.
14. If this is the situation when the opposite parties failed to obtain the necessary permissions from the concerned authorities and to complete the project within the stipulated time, the consumer cannot be allowed to suffer for an indefinite period and he is entitled to refund of his amount. It has been so held in 2007(2) CLT 440 titled as 'Kamal Sood Vs. DLF Universal Ltd.' and 2014(2) CLT 401 titled as 'Brigadier B.S.Taunque (Retd.) & Others Vs. M/s Sangeethashree Builders & Developers International Private Limited & Others'. Similar orders have been passed by this Commission in F.A. No.231 of 2016 decided on 12.10.2016 titled as M/s R.K.M. Housing Ltd. Vs. Smt. Geeta Bhatia & Anr. and F.A. No.230 of 2016 decided on 12.10.2016 titled as M/s R.K.M. Housing Ltd. Vs. Smt. Rakhi & Anr.
15. Another contention was raised by the counsel for the Op No.2 that rate of interest should not be given more than 8%, which is the bank interest rate. However, there is provision under Clause No. 3 of the allotment letter dated 5.6.2011, which is as under:-
"3. As the plot has been offered on no-profit-no-loss basis, late payment will attract penal interest @ 12% p.a. and sustained default will lead to cancellation of allotment."
If the Ops are charging interest @ 12% on late payment then they are liable to pay the same interest to the complainant on account of Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 16 their deficiency in service. It has been so provided under Rule 17 of the PAPRA Rules, 1995.
16. No other point was raised.
17. Sequel to the above, we accept the complaint and ordered all the Ops as under:-
(i) to refund the sum of Rs.19,00,000/- alongwith interest at the rate of 12% per annum from the various dates of payment till realization;
(ii) to pay Rs.1,00,000/- as compensation on account of unfair trade practice on the part of the Ops by giving false assurances to develop the area within the stipulated period of 20 months, which causes mental tension and harassment to the complainant;
(iii) to pay Rs.21,000/- as litigation costs.
Both the Ops are jointly and severally liable to make the payment to the complainant.
18. The above directions be complied with within a period of 45 days from the date of receipt of certified copy of the order.
19. The complaint could not be decided within the statutory period due to heavy pendency of court cases.
(GURCHARAN SINGH SARAN) PRESIDING JUDICIAL MEMBER (RAJINDER KUMAR GOYAL) MEMBER August 16, 2017.
as Consumer Complaint No. 227 of 2016 17


231. Other Functionality
Up: Contents
Next: Universe Size
Previous: Simple Client-Server Example
Up: Contents
Next: Universe Size
Previous: Simple Client-Server Example
Return to MPI-3.1 Standard Index
Return to MPI Forum Home Page
(Unofficial) MPI-3.1 of June 4, 2015
HTML Generated on June 4, 2015


Thank you for participating in the first official test of The Vibe Haptic Hoodie. You are among some of the first people in the world to try this product and we are very excited to offer you a three week opportunity to use a prototype as your own. Your experience and the feedback you provide over the course of this test will be essential to developing and improving Vibe.
This webpage will help you familiarize youself with Vibe including setup, troubleshooting, and care.
At the end of this page, we'll direct you to a space to record your feedback, interact with other testers and share how you use Vibe. For the next three weeks, we'll update our website with new journal entries, tasks, and surveys for you to complete. Your feedback will be an important guide for future development of Vibe.
Listening to music through headphones is perfect for having a private experience while you work, relax, or exercise.
However this method of listening loses some of the emotion and tactile impact of being surrounded by music like at a live event.
Vibe is a new wearable garment that brings this impact back to your music while maintaining the privacy and discretion of headphones.
The hoodie connects to your headphones, and your phone, your laptop, or any other audio source, and uses embedded motors that vibrate in sync with the bassline of your music to create a full body sensation to immerse you in your music.
Vibe comes in 2 parts:
A 100% cotton zip hoodie that is meant to be worn comfortably all day.
And a driver box that plugs into the jacket and connects the motors to you music and headphones.
When first setting up your Vibe, you may consider laying out the jacket on a clean flat surface.
The front right pocket contains snap buttons that connect to the driver box.
Locate the corresponding snaps on the bottom of the driver box. These should be in arranged in an identical pattern to the snaps on the jacket.
Align the snaps of the Jacket and the Driver Box and press each button one at a time until you hear a snap. Check each of the five snaps to make sure they are firmly secured.
There are 2 auxillary ports on the driver box.
You can connect your headphones to either port and use the included auxillary cord to connect your music source to the other port. The ports are identical, so you can swap to two connections according to your preference.
There is a single button on the top of the driver box for turning the device on and off.
Press this button once to turn in on, and again to turn it off. The button will illuminate blue when Vibe is on.
Vibe is designed to work with any audio source (itunes, spotify, youtube, video games, movies, etc.).
On first set up you can test that the motors are working by pressing play on any track once you have connected your music source. The jacket should begin vibrating with the bassline of the music
When bassline of your track starts playing, you should feel the motors in the jacket vibrate.
The motors are arragned symmetrically around the jacket, check to ensure both sides are activating.
In the event that the motors do not activate you may need to recalibrate the driver box. If that’s the case, please refer to "Troubleshooting" below.
Once you’ve observed the motors are working properly you’re all set to wear and enjoy your Vibe. Here is a handy checklist for daily use.
1. When using the jacket, make sure the driver box is on and all snaps are properly connected to the jacket. If any snaps are not secure the jacket won’t work.
2. Make sure the driver box is off when not in use or when disconnecting from the jacket. Keeping the box on will drain the batteries when not in use.
3. Never attempt to open the box. If the box comes open, stop using Vibe immediately
4. If you have a pacemaker, you should not use Vibe
5. Do not use the device while charging the driver box. Charging should always be done while the device is disconnected and not in use.
6. Do not use the device if it is wet or damaged
7. The device will not work with other batteries, do not plug the black USB cable on the Driver Box into other devices.
8. We do not advise taking Vibe into high-security areas, a group like the TSA may be wary of a wearable prototype
The driver box is the only part of Vibe that requires recharging. If the blue light does not turn on when you press the power button, you need to recharge the battery. The box can be recharged with any standard micro usb phone charger. We've included a micro usb cable for your convenience.
Disconnnect the box from the jacket
Plug in your micro usb cable.
Your box has a red light to indicate charging. When that light turns off, the pack is fully charged.
The jacket and motors are waterproof, but Vibe is a hand wash, hang dry only device. Before cleaning your device, make sure to disconnect the driver box from the jacket. The driver box is not waterproof and should never get wet.
If the jacket does not vibrate to your music, try turning up the music. If the jacket works at higher volumes, try boosting the bass on the audio source for a better experience with Vibe.
But If the Driver Box is attached properly to the jacket, is turned on and plugged in, and your music is playing at a reasonable volume with an audible bassline, but the motor’s on the jacket won’t turn on, you may have to recalibrate the jacket. You need a small flathead screwdriver to do this.
 Be sure to keep the attached black USB cable plugged into the box.
Locate the calibration hole on the box near the button snaps. Insert your screwdriver into the hole and turn the knob clockwise till you feel resistance (do not force).
Snap the box back onto the jacket except for the 2 snaps furthest from the charging end of the box. Do not connect your music to the box.
Turn on the Driver Box, and turn the scew driver counter-clockwise until you feel resistance. The jacket should begin vibrating on it’s own.
Using you screwdriver very slowly turn the calibration knob clockwise until Vibe stops vibrating, your Vibe is now recalibrated.
If recalibrating does not fix problems with the motors. Or if some motors are activating but others do not, do not attempt to fix these issues on your own and contact us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>If you have questions, trouble, or just a thought to share with us, please send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Once you have read and followed the directions above, you should check out "ZipHub" - the quick access page to connect to your feedback, tasks, and forums.


The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System. Its name "milky" is derived from its appearance as a dim glowing band arching across the night sky whose individual stars cannot be distinguished by the naked eye. The term "Milky Way" is a translation of the Latin via lactea. From Earth, the Milky Way appears as a band because its disk-shaped structure is viewed from within. Galileo Galilei first resolved the band of light into individual stars with his telescope in 1610. Until the early 1920s, most astronomers thought that the Milky Way contained all the stars in the Universe. Following the 1920 Great Debate between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis, observations by Edwin Hubble showed that the Milky Way is just one of many galaxies - now estimated to number as many as 200 billion galaxies in the observable universe.
Stars and gases at a wide range of distances from the Galactic Center orbit at approximately 220 kilometers per second. The constant rotation speed contradicts the laws of Keplerian dynamics and suggests that much of the mass of the Milky Way does not emit or absorb electromagnetic radiation. This mass has been given the name "dark matter". The rotational period is about 240 million years at the position of the Sun. The Milky Way as a whole is moving at a velocity of approximately 600 km per second with respect to extragalactic frames of reference. The oldest stars in the Milky Way are nearly as old as the Universe itself and thus likely formed shortly after the Dark Ages of the Big Bang.
A galactic quadrant, or quadrant of the Milky Way, refers to one of four circular sectors in the division of the Milky Way. In actual astronomical practice,
the delineation of the galactic quadrants is based upon the galactic coordinate system, which places the Sun as the origin of the mapping system.
Quadrants are described using ordinals—for example, "1st galactic quadrant", "second galactic quadrant", or "third quadrant of the Milky Way".
Viewing from the north galactic pole with 0 degrees (°) as the ray that runs starting from the Sun and through the Galactic Center, the quadrants are as follows:
1st galactic quadrant - 0 C < longitude < 90 C
2nd galactic quadrant - 90 C < longitude < 180 C
3rd galactic quadrant - 180 C < longitude < 270 C
4th galactic quadrant - 270 C < longitude < 360 C
The Sun is 26,000 - 28,000 ly (8.0 - 8.6 kpc) from the Galactic Center. This value is estimated using geometric-based methods or by measuring selected astronomical objects that serve as standard candles, with different techniques yielding various values within this approximate range. In the inner few kpc (around 10,000 light-years radius) is a dense concentration of mostly old stars in a roughly spheroidal shape called the bulge. It has been proposed that the Milky Way lacks a bulge formed due to a collision and merger between previous galaxies and that instead has a pseudobulge formed by its central bar.
Outside the gravitational influence of the Galactic bars, astronomers generally organize the structure of the interstellar medium and stars in the disk of the Milky Way into four spiral arms. Spiral arms typically contain a higher density of interstellar gas and dust than the Galactic average as well as a greater concentration of star formation, as traced by H II regions and molecular clouds.
The Milky Way's spiral structure is uncertain and there is currently no consensus on the nature of the Galaxy's spiral arms. Perfect logarithmic spiral patterns only crudely describe features near the Sun, because galaxies commonly have arms that branch, merge, twist unexpectedly, and feature a degree of irregularity. The possible scenario of the Sun within a spur / Local arm emphasizes that point and indicates that such features are probably not unique, and exist elsewhere in the Milky Way.
The Galactic disk is surrounded by a spheroidal halo of old stars and globular clusters, of which 90% lie within 100,000 light-years (30 kpc) of the Galactic Center. However, a few globular clusters have been found farther, such as PAL 4 and AM1 at more than 200,000 light-years from the Galactic Center. About 40% of the Milky Way's clusters are on retrograde orbits, which means they move in the opposite direction from the Milky Way rotation. The globular clusters can follow rosette orbits about the Milky Way, in contrast to the elliptical orbit of a planet around a star.
Globular clusters are among the oldest objects in the Milky Way, which thus set a lower limit on the age of the Milky Way. The ages of individual stars in the Milky Way can be estimated by measuring the abundance of long-lived radioactive elements such as thorium-232 and uranium-238, then comparing the results to estimates of their original abundance, a technique called nucleocosmochronology. These yield values of about 12.5 ± 3 billion years for CS 31082-001 and 13.8 ± 4 billion years for BD +17° 3248. Once a white dwarf is formed, it begins to undergo radiative cooling and the surface temperature steadily drops. By measuring the temperatures of the coolest of these white dwarfs and comparing them to their expected initial temperature, an age estimate can be made. With this technique, the age of the globular cluster M4 was estimated as 12.7 ± 0.7 billion years. Age estimates of the oldest of these clusters gives a best fit estimate of 12.6 billion years, and a 95% confidence upper limit of 16 billion years.
The Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy are a binary system of giant spiral galaxies belonging to a group of 50 closely bound galaxies known as the Local Group, itself being part of the Virgo Supercluster. The Virgo Supercluster forms part of a greater structure, called Laniakea.


adding <accordion handle="myaccordion"></accordion> will make your element publically accessable to invoke available methods as myaccordion
<accordion handle="myaccordion"></accordion>
myaccordion


UD for Cebuano
Tokenization and Word Segmentation
- Words are generally delimited by whitespace but with exceptions:
- Compound words and full reduplications that are separated by a hyphen are tokenized as multi-word tokens (e.g. adis + - + adis) if each word can be taken as a separate semantic expression forming a whole.
- Occurrences of the linker nga, and case markers ug and ang, that are supposed to be attached to a word are tokenized as multi-word tokens (e.g. ako + -ng).
- Occurrences of the definitizer suffix (-a in “lenggwahea”) and neutral marker (-y in “ikay”) are part of the tokens but marked as a feature.
- Words with spaces do not regularly occur in Cebuano.
Morphology
- Cebuano uses 16 of the UPOS tags. Auxiliary (AUX) is excluded.
- Several word types are classified as particles (PART). These fall under two categories:
- Grammatical particles (linkers nga and ka)
- Lexical particles (such as the question marker ba, negation marker dili, ayaw, ambot, wala)
- Quantifiers (including the plural marker mga and indefinite quantifiers such as daghan “many”) are classified as determiners (DET).
- Similar to other Philippine-type languages, Cebuano has nominal markers that function both as prepositions and articles. Calling these as markers is probably the safest classification instead of prepositions, articles or determiners, as the markers can function all of them. To parallel the Tagalog treebank, they are labeled as (ADP). These markers are:
- The topic nominative/absolutive marker ang
- The non-topic genitive/ergative marker ug or sa
- The non-core oblique/dative marker that is also ug or sa
Nominal Features
- Plurality is signaled, if explicitly stated, by the function word mga, hence mga expresses the
Number=Plur
feature and does not need for nouns (NOUN) and proper nouns (PROPN) to haveNumber=Plur
. However, some affixations on nouns show number, and are not preceded with a mga marker anymore. In such occurences, the noun then has aNumber=Plur
. - Pronouns (PRON) are marked for number with 3 possible values:
Sing
,Dual
,Plur
- Some nouns (NOUN) and adjectives (ADJ) have Gender with 2 possible values:
Masc
,Fem
. These are usually loanwords from Spanish. Other nouns or adjectives do not have this feature. - There is a debate about the names of the case markers, depending to which morphosyntactic alignment is subscribed to when analyzing Cebuano. Some linguists would argue Philippine-type languages are ergative-absolutive, some would say nominative-accusative, and some would reject both and say there is an Austronesian alignment. To adopt the similarities of Tagalog, Cebuano has
Nom
,Gen
,Dat
as the 3 possible values for ADP.
Degree and Polarity
- Degree applies to adjectives (ADJ) and has 2 possible values:
Pos
,Sup
.Cmp
(comparative form) is not formed morphologically. - Polarity is used to some existential verbs (VERBS), negation particles like dili, ayaw, wala, ambot, and response to interjection like uu and dili. It has 2 possible values:
Pos
,Neg
.
Verbal Features
- Verbs (VERBS) inflect according to Mood, Aspect (instead of Tense), and Voice.
- Verbs (VERBS) in the current data contains 3 possible mood values:
Ind
(indicative),Imp
(imperative),Pot
(potential). - Aspect has 3 possible values:
Perf
(perfective),Imp
(imperfective),Prosp
(prospective). - Voice is different in many Austronesian languages such as Cebuano as it does not follow the active-passive voice difference. Verbs “focus” on one specific argument, making it as the subject, but it does not transform the patient-like argument from a transitive clause to intransitive, and retains the agent-like argument, if present, is still a core argument. This feature is similar to Tagalog. There are 4 possible values for
Voice
:Act
(actor-focused voice) where the actor is the topic of the sentence.Pass
(patient-focused voice) where the patient is the topic of the sentence.Lfoc
(locative-focused voice) where the location is the topic of the sentence.Ifoc
(instrumental-focused voice) where the instrument is the topic of the sentence.
Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers
- PronType is used with pronouns (PRON), determiners (DET), and adverbs (ADV).
- NumType is used with cardinal numerals (NUM).
- Person is a feature for personal pronouns (PRON) and has 3 possible values:
1
,2
,3
. Person is not marked on other types of pronouns or nouns, but they can be interpreted as they are in 3rd person. - Clusivity is a feature in 1st personal plural pronouns. It has 2 possible values:
In
(inclusive),Ex
(exclusive). - Deixis is a lexical feature of demonstratives (PRON, ADV) and has 3 possible values:
Prox
(proximate),Med
(medial),Remt
(remote or distal).
Other Features
- PartType is used to distinguish the particles used in Cebuano. This excludes linkers even though they are considered as particles. For now, only
Int
(interrogative particles) such as ba or no are marked. - Definitizer
=Yes
feature is used for the definitizer suffix -a that attaches to words such as nouns, verbs or adjectives to make an object or modifier “definite”. - Neutral
=Yes
feature is used for the neutral marker suffix -y that attaches to words like pronouns, verbs (especially existential verbs), adverbs and particles. - Foreign
=Yes
feature is used for words that are not natively Cebuano, usually English or Spanish words that are used a substitute for Cebuano words. If an English word is naturally used in Cebuano sentences and if there is a Cebuano translation but is not really commonly used (e.g. travel document) then it is not labeled asForeign=Yes
anymore.
Syntax
Core Arguments and Adjuncts
- Like many Philippine-type languages, Cebuano uses the Austronesian voice system. In Cebuano, there are two core arguments, which are the topic argument and the non-topic argument. These are marked by prepositions (ADP), and affixation on the verb determines their semantic roles.
- The core topic nominative/absolutive argument (usually marked by the ADP ang for common nouns or si for personal nouns) attaches to the predicate using nsubj relation.
- The core non-topic genitive/ergative argument (usually marked by the ADP for common nouns ug or sa or for personal common nouns ni) attached to the predicate using the obj relation.
- Non-core nominals are attached to the predicate using the obl relation.
- Note that the ADP ug or sa can be both non-topic genitive/ergative argument and non-core dative/oblique argument, and can appear at the same instance in the sentence.
Non-Verbal Predicates
- In cases of non-verbal clauses (such as noun, adverb, or adjective phrases), these may be used as predicates in Cebuano. The highest node of the clause is labeled as root, and all other nodes are connected to this node, similar to nodes connected to a verb. There is no copula.
Treebanks
There is 1 Cebuano UD treebank:
Treebanks
- Nikolaus P. Himmelmann (2005). Typological characteristics. In Alexander Adelaar and Nikolaus P. Himmelmann (eds.): The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar. Routledge, London and New York.
- Tanangkinsing, Michael (2011). A functional reference grammar of Cebuano: from a discourse perspective. Vol 1 & 2. Lambert Academic Publishing: Saarbrücken, Germany. ISBN: 978-3-8465-1024-7 / 978-3-8465-9150-5