Struct Vector3
Inherited Members
System.Object.Equals(System.Object, System.Object)
System.Object.GetType()
System.Object.ReferenceEquals(System.Object, System.Object)
Namespace: Vim.Math3d
Assembly: Vim.Math3D.dll
[DataContract]
public readonly struct Vector3 : IEquatable<Vector3>, IComparable<Vector3>, ITransformable3D<Vector3>
Constructors
View SourceVector3(Single)
public Vector3(float value)
Vector3(Single, Single)
public Vector3(float x, float y)
Vector3(Single, Single, Single)
public Vector3(float x, float y, float z)
Vector3((Single x, Single y, Single z))
public Vector3((float x, float y, float z) tuple)
Vector3(Vector2, Single)
public Vector3(Vector2 xy, float z)
Fields
View SourceMaxValue
public static Vector3 MaxValue
MinValue
public static Vector3 MinValue
NumComponents
public const int NumComponents = 3
One
public static Vector3 One
UnitX
public static Vector3 UnitX
UnitY
public static Vector3 UnitY
UnitZ
public static Vector3 UnitZ
X
[DataMember]
public readonly float X
Y
[DataMember]
public readonly float Y
Z
[DataMember]
public readonly float Z
Zero
public static Vector3 Zero
Properties
View SourceXY
public readonly Vector2 XY { get; }
XZ
public readonly Vector2 XZ { get; }
XZY
public readonly Vector3 XZY { get; }
YXZ
public readonly Vector3 YXZ { get; }
YZ
public readonly Vector2 YZ { get; }
YZX
public readonly Vector3 YZX { get; }
ZXY
public readonly Vector3 ZXY { get; }
ZYX
public readonly Vector3 ZYX { get; }
Methods
View SourceAlmostEquals(Vector3, Single)
public readonly bool AlmostEquals(Vector3 x, float tolerance = 1E-07F)
AlmostZero(Single)
public readonly bool AlmostZero(float tolerance = 1E-07F)
AnyComponentNegative()
public readonly bool AnyComponentNegative()
Clamp(AABox)
public readonly Vector3 Clamp(AABox box)
CompareTo(Vector3)
public readonly int CompareTo(Vector3 x)
Create(Single, Single, Single)
public static Vector3 Create(float x, float y, float z)
Create((Single x, Single y, Single z))
public static Vector3 Create((float x, float y, float z) tuple)
Cross(Vector3)
Computes the cross product of two vectors.
public readonly Vector3 Cross(Vector3 vector2)
Deconstruct(out Single, out Single, out Single)
public readonly void Deconstruct(out float x, out float y, out float z)
Dot(Vector3)
public readonly float Dot(Vector3 value)
Dot(Vector3, Vector3)
public static float Dot(Vector3 value1, Vector3 value2)
Equals(Object)
public override readonly bool Equals(object obj)
Overrides
System.ValueType.Equals(System.Object)
View Source
Equals(Vector3)
public readonly bool Equals(Vector3 x)
GetComponent(Int32)
public readonly float GetComponent(int n)
GetHashCode()
public override readonly int GetHashCode()
Overrides
System.ValueType.GetHashCode()
View Source
IsInfinity()
public readonly bool IsInfinity()
IsNaN()
public readonly bool IsNaN()
Magnitude()
public readonly double Magnitude()
MagnitudeSquared()
public readonly double MagnitudeSquared()
MaxComponent()
public readonly float MaxComponent()
MinComponent()
public readonly float MinComponent()
MixedProduct(Vector3, Vector3)
Returns the mixed product
public readonly double MixedProduct(Vector3 v1, Vector3 v2)
ProductComponents()
public readonly float ProductComponents()
Reflect(Vector3)
Returns the reflection of a vector off a surface that has the specified normal.
public readonly Vector3 Reflect(Vector3 normal)
SetX(Single)
public readonly Vector3 SetX(float x)
SetY(Single)
public readonly Vector3 SetY(float x)
SetZ(Single)
public readonly Vector3 SetZ(float x)
SumComponents()
public readonly float SumComponents()
SumSqrComponents()
public readonly float SumSqrComponents()
ToString()
public override readonly string ToString()
Overrides
System.ValueType.ToString()
View Source
Transform(Matrix4x4)
Transforms a vector by the given matrix.
public readonly Vector3 Transform(Matrix4x4 matrix)
TransformNormal(Matrix4x4)
Transforms a vector normal by the given matrix.
public readonly Vector3 TransformNormal(Matrix4x4 matrix)
Operators
View SourceAddition(Single, Vector3)
public static Vector3 operator +(float value1, Vector3 value2)
Addition(Vector3, Single)
public static Vector3 operator +(Vector3 value1, float value2)
Addition(Vector3, Vector3)
public static Vector3 operator +(Vector3 value1, Vector3 value2)
Division(Single, Vector3)
public static Vector3 operator /(float value1, Vector3 value2)
Division(Vector3, Single)
public static Vector3 operator /(Vector3 value1, float value2)
Division(Vector3, Vector3)
public static Vector3 operator /(Vector3 value1, Vector3 value2)
Equality(Vector3, Vector3)
public static bool operator ==(Vector3 x0, Vector3 x1)
GreaterThan(Vector3, Vector3)
public static bool operator>(Vector3 x0, Vector3 x1)
GreaterThanOrEqual(Vector3, Vector3)
public static bool operator >=(Vector3 x0, Vector3 x1)
Implicit((Single x, Single y, Single z) to Vector3)
public static implicit operator Vector3((float x, float y, float z) tuple)
Implicit(Vector3 to (Single x, Single y, Single z))
public static implicit operator (float x, float y, float z)(Vector3 self)
Inequality(Vector3, Vector3)
public static bool operator !=(Vector3 x0, Vector3 x1)
LessThan(Vector3, Vector3)
public static bool operator <(Vector3 x0, Vector3 x1)
LessThanOrEqual(Vector3, Vector3)
public static bool operator <=(Vector3 x0, Vector3 x1)
Multiply(Single, Vector3)
public static Vector3 operator *(float value1, Vector3 value2)
Multiply(Vector3, Single)
public static Vector3 operator *(Vector3 value1, float value2)
Multiply(Vector3, Vector3)
public static Vector3 operator *(Vector3 value1, Vector3 value2)
Subtraction(Single, Vector3)
public static Vector3 operator -(float value1, Vector3 value2)
Subtraction(Vector3, Single)
public static Vector3 operator -(Vector3 value1, float value2)
Subtraction(Vector3, Vector3)
public static Vector3 operator -(Vector3 value1, Vector3 value2)
UnaryNegation(Vector3)
public static Vector3 operator -(Vector3 value)
Implements
System.IEquatable<T>
System.IComparable<T>


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Posted by Admin in General | Outdoor
Swimming is an individual or team sport that involves using arms and legs to move the body through water. Typically, the sport takes place in pools or in open-water (e.g., in a sea or lake). Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports, with events in butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle, and individual medley. In addition to these individual events, swimmers also take part in relays. Swimming each stroke requires specific techniques, and in competition, there are specific regulations concerning the acceptable form for different strokes. There are also rules put in place to regulate what types of swimsuits are allowed at competitions. Although it is possible for competitive swimmers to incur several injuries from the sport, there are also multiple health benefits associated with the sport.
400 IM: 4:08.54, 2nd, 200 IM: 1:56.30, 3rd, 200 Free: 1:45.82, 5th, 400 Free: 3:45.19, 7th Wait, who? An injury kept him from competing in the World Championships. Otherwise, everyone might know his name by now. He could have won two or three gold medals and definitely four medals in total had he been healthy in Kazan. But the 21-year-old will have to wait until next year to show the world what he can do. He also could be one of the busiest swimmers at the Olympics as he is also a good backstroker. Whether you think he should be ranked ahead of Phelps is your opinion, but one thing is certain: this could be the next Phelps when the real one is all done with the sport of swimming.
100 Fly: 50.56, 2nd, 200 Fly: 1:53.68, 3rd, 100 Free: 48.16, 6th, 200 Free: 1:46.10, 9th Le Clos is one of the best racers in the world. I cannot wait to watch him, Phelps and Cseh go at it in Rio. He sparked a little controversy after he talked trash to Phelps after Le Clos won the 100 fly gold in Kazan. But regardless, he is a great competitor and he is definitely a favorite to repeat gold in Rio in the 200 as well as challenge in the 100 fly and 200 free.
200 IM: 1:54.75, 1st, 100 Fly: 50.45, 1st, 200 Fly: 1:52.94, 1st The greatest swimmer of all time had a roaring 2015 with three number one ranked times. He will, once again, be the swimmer to watch in Rio as this could actually be his last meet ever. He already has more medals than anyone ever and he still has three world records, so Phelps is essentially swimming for the joy of it, which could be game over for the rest of the world.
Evidence of recreational swimming in prehistoric times has been found, with the earliest evidence dating to Stone Age paintings from around 10000 years ago. Written references date from 2000 BC, with some of the earliest references to swimming including the Iliad, the Odyssey, the Bible, Beowulf, the Quran and others. In 1538, Nikolaus Wynmann, a German professor of languages, wrote the first swimming book, The Swimmer or A Dialogue on the Art of Swimming (Der Schwimmer oder ein Zweigespräch über die Schwimmkunst).
Swimming emerged as a competitive recreational activity in the 1830s in England. In 1828, the first indoor swimming pool, St George's Baths was opened to the public. By 1837, the National Swimming Society was holding regular swimming competitions in six artificial swimming pools, built around London. The recreational activity grew in popularity and by 1880, when the first national governing body, the Amateur Swimming Association, was formed, there were already over 300 regional clubs in operation across the country.
The routes taken by Webb and T.W. Burgess across the English Channel, in 1875 and 1911, respectively. In 1844 two Native American participants at a swimming competition in London introduced the front crawl to a European audience. Sir John Arthur Trudgen picked up the hand-over stroke from some South American natives and successfully debuted the new stroke in 1873, winning a local competition in England. His stroke is still regarded as the most powerful to use today.
Captain Matthew Webb was the first man to swim the English Channel (between England and France), in 1875. Using the breaststroke technique, he swam the channel 21.26 miles (34.21 km) in 21 hours and 45 minutes. His feat was not replicated or surpassed for the next 36 years, until T.W. Burgess made the crossing in 1911.
Other European countries also established swimming federations; Germany in 1882, France in 1890 and Hungary in 1896. The first European amateur swimming competitions were in 1889 in Vienna. The world's first women's swimming championship was held in Scotland in 1892.
Men's swimming became part of the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens. In 1902, the Australian Richmond Cavill introduced the front crawl to the Western world. In 1908, the world swimming association, Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), was formed. Women's swimming was introduced into the Olympics in 1912; the first international tournament for women outside the Olympics was the 1922 Women's Olympiad. Butterfly was developed in the 1930s and was at first a variant of breaststroke, until it was accepted as a separate style in 1952.
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So far Phase 0 has been fine, but I realized that I benefit much more from a sequence of learning and doing simultaneously. Week 3 had a lot of reading page after page of text and I discovered that I had forgotten a lot of what I had read never got to practice them. In the future I need to make sure to be practicing more as I go. One strategy that I found is to have a console open to try things as I read. This was difficult on my new mac (i'm still getting used to it) but I discovered Cinch which allows me to easily resize windows to the edge of the screen windows 7 style.
I think the biggest struggle has been the back and forth between subjects, getting a preliminary taste of a language then switching to a new one. I'm not sure how much retention there will be when we go back to javascript later in the year for instance. I know that after a few weeks of other topics, the Ruby stuff I had learned is a bit fuzzy and will need some refreshing. On a more topical analysis, code that has to deal with looping can be a bit of a brain strain between proper syntax and proper logic, there are a lot of ways that things can go wrong. I need to make sure that I'm staying in the zone of proximal development as well. If things are too advanced for me, instead of wasting time trying to decipher something over my head, I should work on learning the basics and then coming back to it.
I will definitely try to keep the growth mindset in mind to keep myself motivated. Sometimes I find myself ilooking at the peak of the mountain of knowledge that needs to be conquered and getting discouraged when I should be looking at more attainable checkpoints and goals that are closer to the present.


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The Instrument
AMEGO will detect gamma-rays via Compton scattering at low energies (<~10 MeV) and pair production at higher energies (~>10 MeV). In the Compton regime, the use of solid state technology provides substantial performance improvements relative to COMPTEL, the Compton telescope flown on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO). In the pair regime, AMEGO has been optimized for peak performance at lower energies relative to Fermi-LAT by minimizing passive material (e.g. conversion foils) in the tracker and enhancing low energy readout in the calorimeter.
| Energy Range | 0.2 MeV -> 10 GeV |
| Angular Resolution | 3° (1 MeV), 10° (10 MeV) |
| Energy Resolution | <1% below 2 MeV; 1-5% at 2-100 MeV; ~10% at 1 GeV |
| Field-of-View | 2.5 sr |
| Sensitivity (MeV s-1 cm-2) | 4x10-6(1 MeV); 4.8x10-6(10 MeV); 1x10-6(100 MeV) |
Simulations and Performance
Simulations and event reconstruction are performed using the MEGAlib framework which requires ROOT (v6.06) and Geant4 (v10). The detector volume is built in Geomega (Geometry for MEGAlib). The geometry file describes the volume, the materials, the detectors, the trigger criteria. It is used by all programs in the MEGAlib framework including the Geant4 simulation. The event simulation is done using Cosima (COsmic SImulator for MEGAlib based on Geant4). For our studies we have used a “Far Field Point Source”, in which particles are emitted from a disk defined by a surrounding sphere. Events are generated as a function of energy and incidence angle (cos(theta)) with 100k triggers.Event reconstruction is done using Revan (real event analyzer). It uses the simulation files which are output from Cosima. Revan reconstructs Compton scattering, pair conversion and charged particles (muons, protons, etc). The algorithm first reconstructs tracks and searches for vertices in those tracks from pair conversion. If a vertex is not found, the tracks are checked for consistencies with charged particles (hits in the ACD, etc). If these criteria are not met, events are sent to the Compton reconstruction algorithm. Revan specializes in Compton events. One main outcome of this study is that a new pair conversion algorithm (based of the Fermi-LAT event reconstruction) will need to be written.
The data analysis is done using a program that was developed specifically for this study, EventAnalysis. (The MEGAlib algorithm that does this is called Mimrec, we wrote our own version to fit our specific needs.) With EventAnalysis, we make additional event selections (specifically we include a 60 degree cut on the opening angle of pair conversion events).
We then can calculate the angular and energy resolution of the ComPair instrument (based on the true generated events). These are calculated in the following ways:
- Angular Resolution Compton Events: The difference between the reconstructed and true direction. The angular resolution is the angular distance from the true known direction to the outer edge of the compton cone (or arc).
- Angular Resolution Pair Events: The difference between the true direction and the reconstructed direction. The reconstructed direction is determined by the bisect angle of the electron and positron direction vectors, weighted by energy. The angular resolution is the 68% containment of the resulting distribution.
Angular resolution and effective area as a function of energy at an incidence angle of zero degrees.
The Observatory
AMEGO will operate in low-earth orbit in two modes: a survey mode covering a large fraction of the sky every orbit and an inertially pointed mode. The large field of view allows a loose pointing requirement (~5°) with a requirement on pointing knowledge of ~20''.
Technologies
AMEGO will consist of four hardware subsystems: a double-sided silicon strip tracker with analog readout, a segmented CZT calorimeter, a segmented CsI calorimeter and a plastic scintillator anticoincidence detector. Examples of each of these detector types have already been flown.
This instrument primarily makes use of flight-proven technologies (e.g., Fermi-LAT, AGILE, PAMELA, and AMS) and optimizes the energy resolution for MeV line studies through development of the CZT calorimeter configuration and accompanying dedicated electronics, for which development typically takes a couple years.


There are already several applications for managing schools but none resolve well the specifics of a music school. Virtually none of the existing applications to manage schools have the functionality to manage auditions or concerts. This is a specific need for a school of music over a school year may have to organize tens or hundreds of auditions and concerts.
This application was inserted into the integrated project of Languages and Knowledge Processing profile in computer engineering course at the University of Minho. The project presentation can be found on instructor page.


Olivia Colman: Queen Elizabeth II is 'harder' to play than Queen Anne
by Annie MartinNov. 18 (UPI) -- Olivia Colman says it is "harder" to play Queen Elizabeth II than it was to portray 18th century monarch Queen Anne.
The 45-year-old British actress appeared with The Crown co-stars Tobias Menzies and Helena Bonham Carter on Monday's episode of Today, where she compared her roles as Elizabeth on The Crown and Anne in The Favourite.
"[Elizabeth has] been a harder job to do than Queen Anne, mainly because I am quite emotional," Colman, who won an Oscar for Best Actress for her role as Anne in The Favourite, said.
Bonham Carter, who portrays Princess Margaret on The Crown, pointed out that "no one knows what Queen Anne was like anyway."
"Exactly," Colman agreed. "[With Elizabeth], obviously, everyone is a critic. Everyone knows what she looks like. Everyone's heard her. Everyone has seen her walking."
The Crown Season 3, Episode 3 explored Elizabeth's perceived lack of emotion, in the context of the Aberfan mining tragedy. Colman mentioned that Elizabeth is said to be more emotive in private.
"Behind closed doors, apparently, she's an absolute hoot," Colman said. "She's a great mimic, she's a great laugh."
Season 3 premiered Friday on Netflix. Colman, Menzies and Bonham Carter replace Claire Foy, Matt Smith and Vanessa Kirby, who played younger versions of Elizabeth, Prince Philip and Margaret in Seasons 1 and 2.
"We've been employed because we're older and battered," Bonham Carter jokingly said.
The Crown follows Elizabeth's reign throughout the decades, which each season progressing the timeline by some years. Season 4 will feature Gillian Anderson as Margaret Thatcher and Emma Corrin as the future Princess Diana.
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Yang I. Cao
Humanitarian Activist, Cinematographer, Amateur Contemporaty & Theatrical Artist, Independent Astronomer & Theoretical Physicist
M.B.A. (Degree not conferred), School of Economics and Management, Communication University of China
Dissertation title: Lateralism - The Globalization of US Hegemony after World War II
The dissertation is a political discourse to the P.R.China's full blown nationalism sentiment during global structural change. It adopted an approach on epistimological shift in the dissertation texts and abstracts as to the cultural chauvinism posed as soft power discourse. It ended with a suggestive constructive course to P.R.China's international relations on outer space and cosmology.
B.A. (2010), School of Drama, Film, and Television, Communication University of China
2009 - 2010, 校优秀学生干部
2008 - 2009, 校优秀学生干部
Technical and organizational assistance to
未来影像, hospitality to international students and assistant director to their productions.
Served on the admissions board on Directing majors.
Thesis title: Seeking in the Chaos: Analysis on the Cinematic World of JFK
Graduation co-production:《石斑》(on transsexual person's exsistential status)
TRANS film event, Hong Kong (SAR)
Shanghai Pride, P.R.China
2011 MIX COPENHAGEN|LesbianGayBiTrans Film Festival, Denmark
2011 Beijing Queer Film Festival, P.R.China
2010 Beijing Queer Film Festival Tour, P.R.China
Yang worked professionally in cinematic arts for 10 years. He persisted on the humanitarian values and scientific plausibility in film production. He was invited as guest speaker for Adobe China 30 years' anniversary, and assists young directors with humanitarian focus in editing.
Selected cinematography works:
- 爱丽舍之心愿本(2017) Editing Supervisor
- 异生探(2017) Editing Supervisor
- Note Of Female Forensic(2016) Editor, 2017横店影视节暨第四届“文荣奖” - 最佳网络电影
- 人鱼校花(2016) Editor
- 校花驾到2蜜桃时代(2015) Editor
- My Dog Wish(2013) Editor, Asians On Film Festival 2015 - Best Editing
- 意外的恋爱时光(2013) Editor, Nominated for Best Editing in the first China-Britain Film Festival
Yang worked closely with theatrical director Ning Chunyan and recreated theatrical space onto screen. He also worked as stage supervisor and stage visual installation artist in several productions.
Selected theatrical works:
Yang's contemporary art works mainly focused on non-proliferation and public welfare. He adopted nuanced elaborations with symbolic visual constructs. Some of his artworks were exhibited on social media as in the fragmentation of contemporary existences. He also experimented on incorporating scientific elements in his art on science and consciousness.


{% extends "site_base.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% block head_title %}{% trans "What Next?" %}{% endblock %} {% block body %}
Here are some things to do to get started with this site:
{% ifsetting ACCOUNT_OPEN_SIGNUP %} {% blocktrans %}Start by signing up and logging in.{% endblocktrans %} {% else %} {% blocktrans %}Start by logging in.{% endblocktrans %} {% endifsetting %}
{% endif %} {% endblock %}


An IMA-MSN, UP INITIATIVE
"The amount has not been raised in UP for the last 10 years whereas the stipend is Rs 23,500 in central government funded medical educational institutes". And About 400+ Tweets and Retweets.
"The amount has not been raised in UP for the last 10 years whereas the stipend is Rs 23,500 in central government funded medical educational institutes". And About 400+ Tweets and Retweets.
The lockdown and Self Isolation have changed our lifestyle in many ways. It has put strict restrictions on all our preferences — what we eat, where we go, and much more. Though it is a need of the hour, we have become more responsible regarding maintaining hygienic habits and help others in upholding them. Since remaining in isolation is necessary, we also need to distance ourselves from our friends and relatives. Moreover, we have been asked to use protective measures like using a mask, washing our hands at regular intervals, etc. to contain the health risks..
Its demand rose as the COVID situation worsened in areas such as the United States and the United Kingdom. WHO has warned the world of its side-effects and has stated that further research is sought in the direction before it can be used as a treatment. Hydroxychloroquine is potentially dangerous to patients with chronic heart diseases. As of April 25, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) website, there are no drugs or other therapeutics presently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to prevent or treat COVID-19. Current clinical management includes infection prevention and control measures and supportive care, including supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilatory support when indicated.
Lucknow: Indian Medical Association-Medical Studnets' Network(UP) has demanded increase in internship stipend of MBBS students from Rs 7500 to Rs 15000 per month. In a letter to Cm Yogi Adityanath, the students network,which claims to be the representative body of MBBS interns said the stipend was Rs 7500 per month in Government medical colleges and Rs 6000 in private medical colleges.
I collaborated with several Media Agencies like India today,Jan Sandesh News,Amar Ujala,Hindustan Times,Daninik Jagaran and Times of India for UP interns stipend issue.
Have Met Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Prof.Dr.Dinesh Sharma.
Distributed mask to Mess Workers of my College and Briefed them about Social Distancing,Hand Hygiene,And How to use Mask and Ways of Washing Hands
Social customs Implement a no-visitor policy. Allow only authorized employees into the office during this time. Greet without physical contact. Encourage employees to avoid handshakes and hugs while greeting and interacting with colleagues. Increase awareness around the six-foot rule. Encourage employees to maintain six feet or two meters (two- to three-arm’s length) from other employees when possible. Scheduling shifts Flexible work hours or rotational shifts. Allow flexible work hours or reduce work hours so that fewer employees are on location at any given time. Staggered shifts. Implement staggered shifts if the work demands a certain number of customer service reps (CSRs) be on-site for handling complex customer issues or for other critical tasks. Allot alternate desks to CSRs in the staggered shifts to create time between shifts to thoroughly sanitize workstations. Workplace design Insert partitions to raise cubicle wall heights. If there are low or no cubicle walls, add or supplement dividers to create a higher physical barrier between agents to reduce the spread of infectious droplets due to a sneeze or cough. Revisit and revise seating arrangements. Ensure that CSRs aren’t sitting too close to each other. If you have close or congested open workplaces, allow CSRs to use alternate desks and implement rotational remote work where possible..
Distributing Mask to all the workers and the people living near our locality. And teaching them how and when to use it : Few of them are -: Before putting on a mask, clean hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water. Cover mouth and nose with mask and make sure there are no gaps between your face and the mask. Avoid touching the mask while using it; if you do, clean your hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water. Replace the mask with a new one as soon as it is damp and do not re-use single-use masks. To remove the mask: remove it from behind (do not touch the front of mask); discard immediately in a closed bin; clean hands with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water. When and how to wear medical masks to protect against coronavirus? If you are healthy, you only need to wear a mask if you are taking care of a person with COVID-19. Wear a mask if you are coughing or sneezing. Masks are effective only when used in combination with frequent hand-cleaning with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water. If you wear a mask, then you must know how to use it and dispose of it properly.


COMPUTER SOCIETY OF INDIA | JMI Chapter
A Saga of Silent Success
Computer Society of India established in the year 1965 is today the largest IT professionals Society in India.
CSI has been instrumental in guiding the Indian IT industry down the right path since its formative years. Today, the CSI has 67 chapters all over India, 381 student branches, and more than 50000 members including India's most famous IT industry leaders, brilliant scientists and dedicated academicians.
The mission of the CSI is to facilitate research, knowledge sharing, learning and career enhancement for all categories of IT professionals, while simultaneously inspiring and nurturing new entrants into the industry and helping them to integrate into the IT community. The CSI is also working closely with other industry associations, government bodies and academia to ensure that the benefits of IT advancement ultimately percolate down to every single citizen of India.
The Student Branch of Computer Society of India initially started with 75 members, from the Computer Engineering Department, to bring about and foster a scientific temper amongst the students, and to provide a platform to present their views and ideas, which it successfully continues to do till today.
The year, 2011, marked not only the silver jubilee of the Faculty of Engineering and Technology, which was established in 1986, but also the 10th anniversary of the Computer Society of India - Student Branch and its annual techno-cultural festival, AlgoRhythm, which offers a wide range of competitions, presentations and cultural events, being host to thousands of students and visitors each year.


My coworkers use a product called Kamailio, which is a type of SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) server. It is often ridiculed for its poor software design, as evidenced by this very real truth table, used for its inner workings. I decided to create a fake version that generates a random table, using random truthy or falsy, and in some cases, nonsense, values.


Preparation time
1-2 hours
Cooking time
30 mins to 1 hour
Serves
Serves 8-10
Dietary
Place the bulgar wheat in a mixing bowl and pour on the boiling water and soya sauce. Cover and let swell for 25 minutes.
Grind nuts and seeds to a medium fine consistency. Mix together with the wheat. Stir in the parsley, thyme, onions, eggs and oil. Mix well and allow to stand.
Oil a large baking sheet and line with greaseproof paper.
Form a loaf shape with the nut mixture, about 10cm/4in wide, press firmly together and prick the top with a fork.
Pour on a little oil and sprinkle with some extra nuts (optional) and cap loosely with a foil hood.
Bake in oven 190C/375F/Gas 5 for 40 minutes.
Take off hood, baste with oil on baking sheet and continue to bake for a further 10 minutes.
Place in a large serving dish, then cool, easing off the paper as you do so. Cover with the hood until ready to garnish.
To make the sauce cook all the ingredients, except the brandy, together for about 20 minutes. Add the brandy and re-heat for 30 seconds. Serve as an accompaniment to the main dish.


ParseResultEnum Enumeration
Namespace: CommandLineHelper
Assembly: CommandLineHelper (CommandLineHelper.dll) version <IP_ADDRESS>
This enumeration is used to describe the result of a parse operation.
Syntax
public enum ParseResultEnum
Members
| Name | Value | Description |
| NOT_PARSED | 0 | Use this value if the parse operation didn't take place yet. |
| PARSE_SUCCEEDED | 1 | Use this value if the parse operation succeeded. |
| PARSE_FAILED | 2 | Use this value if the parse operation failed for any reason. |
See Also


This task tracks as you extend the basic greeter to repeatedly loop ask for a users name, and in addition to greeting the current person, you should say goodbye to the last person once the new person enters some text
>What is your name? Clark
Hi Clark
>What is your name? Bob
Bye Clark
Hi Bob
>What is your name?
^C
Note that ^C
simply means that ctrl
+c
was pressed in the terminal. This kills the program and exits out of the infinite loop.
Syntax to know:
print()
will 'print' a value. Note that this does not mean using an actual printer, but rather printing to the screen the text and variables inside the brackets.
while
condition :
will repeat the code contained within it while the condition is true. (Example at bottom)
Comparison Operators (Samples at bottom)
==
b Checks if left side is the same as the right side. Evaluates to true if they do.in
b Checks if a contains text in b, or is equal>
b Evaluates true if a is greater than b>=
b Evaluates true if a is greater than or equal to b<=
b Evaluates true if a is less than b<
b Evaluates true if a is less than bNot quite comparison operators, but still useful for conditions
True
this will always be true, and is good for infinite loops when used with whileFalse
this will always be falseor
condition2 will evaluate true if one or the other condition is trueand
condition2 will evaluate true is both conditions are truenot
condition1 will flip the result of condition 1. If condition 1 is true, then not
condition 1 will be false.Example While Loop
while true:
name = input ("Hello, What is your name? ")
outMsg = "Hello, " + name + ". It is good to meet you. How can I help you today?"
print (outMsg)
Sample Comparison Operators
Python 3.7.5 (default, Nov 20 2019, 09:21:52)
[GCC 9.2.1 20191008] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> a = "abc"
>>> b = True
>>> c = 49
>>> d = 89
>>> e = 89
>>> d==e
True
>>> d==c
False
>>> d>c
True
>>> d>=c
True
>>> d>489
False
>>> a == "abc"
True
>>> not a == "abc"
False
>>> a == b
False
>>> a == b or a == "abc"
True
>>> a == b and a == "abc"
False


This keyboard was designed for the Gepo – Bai Yi [ygp] language using the Miao script. A font must be installed to support this keyboard. The Shimenkan GSM font is also packaged with this keyboard.


Module mod_fastcgi
This 3rd party module provides support for the FastCGI protocol. FastCGI is a language independent, scalable, open extension to CGI that provides high performance and persistence without the limitations of server specific APIs.
FastCGI applications are not limited to a particular development language (the protocol is open). FastCGI application libraries currently exist for Perl, C/C++, Java, Python, TCL, SmallEiffel, and Smalltalk.
FastCGI applications use TCP or Unix sockets to communicate with the web server. This scalable architecture allows applications to run on the same platform as the web server or on many machines scattered across an enterprise network.
FastCGI applications are portable to other web server platforms. FastCGI is supported either directly or through commercial extensions by most popular web servers.
FastCGI applications are fast because they're persistent. There is no per-request startup and initialization overhead. This makes possible the development of applications which would otherwise be impractical within the CGI paradigm (e.g. a huge Perl script, or an application which requires a connection to one or more databases).
See the FastCGI website for more information. To receive FastCGI
related announcements and notifications of software updates, subscribe to fastcgi-announce. To participate in the discussion of
mod_fastcgi
and FastCGI application development, subscribe to fastcgi-developers.
Summary
For information about building and installing the module, see the INSTALL document that came with the distribution.
FastCGI applications under mod_fastcgi
are defined as one of three types: static, dynamic, or
external. They're configured using the FastCgiServer, FastCgiConfig, and FastCgiExternalServer directives respectively. Any URI that Apache identifies as a FastCGI application and
which hasn't been explicitly configured using a FastCgiServer or FastCgiExternalServer directive is handled as a dynamic application (see the
FastCgiConfig directive for more information).
FastCGI static and dynamic applications are spawned and managed by the FastCGI Process Manager, fcgi-pm. The process manager is spawned by Apache at server initialization. External applications are presumed to be started and managed independently.
Apache must be configured to identify requests for FastCGI URIs. mod_fastcgi
registers (with
Apache) a handler type of fastcgi-script
for this purpose.
To configure Apache to handle all files (within the scope of the directive) as FastCGI applications (e.g. for a fcgi-bin directory):
SetHandler fastcgi-script
To configure Apache to handle files (within the scope of the directive) with the specified extension(s) as FastCGI applications:
AddHandler fastcgi-script fcg fcgi fpl
Consult the Apache documentation for more information regarding these and other directives which affect
request handling (such as Action).
Dynamic FastCGI applications require the ExecCGI
option be enabled (see the Options
directive) in the
application's directory.
Notes
mod_fastcgi
logs FastCGI application error (stderr) output to the server log associated with
the request. Errors reported by the FastCGI process manager, fcgi-pm, are reported to the main server log
(typically, logs/error_log). Data written to stdout or stderr before entering the FastCGI accept
loop or via a mechanism that is not FastCGI protocol aware will also be directed to the main server log. If
Apache's LogLevel
is set
to info
additional informational messages are printed to the logs, these messages may be
especially helpful while debugging a configuration.
Under Unix, expect your FastCGI application to see SIGPIPE, SIGUSR1, and SIGTERM. The latest FastCGI C, C++ and Perl application library installs default handlers if none are installed by the application. If an http client aborts a request before it completes, mod_fastcgi does too - this results in a SIGPIPE to the FastCGI application. At a minimum, SIGPIPE should be ignored (applications spawned by mod_fastcgi have this setup automatically). Ideally, it should result in an early abort of the request handling within your application and a return to the top of the FastCGI accept() loop. Apache uses SIGUSR1 to request a "graceful" process restart/shutdown. It is sent to Apache's process group (which includes applications spawned by mod_fastcgi). Ideally, it should result in a FastCGI application finishing the current request, if any, and then an exit. The mod_fastcgi process manager isn't particularly patient though (there's room for improvement here) and since it has to shutdown too, sends a SIGTERM to all of the FastCGI applications it is responsible for. Apache will restart the process manager and it will restart its managed applications (as if the server was just started). SIGTERM is, well, SIGTERM - your application should exit quickly.
Under Windows, there are no signals. A shutdown event is used instead. This is setup by mod_fastcgi and honored by the latest version of the C, C++, and Perl application library. If your using a library which doesn't support this, your application will not get shutdown during an Apache restart/shutdown (there's room for improvement here).
To pass per-request environment variables to FastCGI applications, have a look at: mod_env
(SetEnv
,
PassEnv
, UnSetEnv
), mod_setenvif
(BrowserMatch
, BrowserMatchNoCase
, SetEnvIf
,
SetEnvIfNoCase
), and mod_rewrite
(if you're feeling
adventurous).
FastCGI application output is buffered by default. This is not the case for CGI scripts (under Apache 1.3).
To override the default behavior, use the -flush
option (not available for dynamic
applications).
Redirects are handled similarly to CGI. Location headers with values that begin with "/" are treated as internal-redirects; otherwise, they are treated as external redirects (302).
Session affinity (as well as distribution) should be achievable outside of mod_fastcgi
using
mod_rewrite
. If you get this
working, please post the details to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>so they can be included here.
FastCGI Specification Compliance
The FastCGI specification is not implemented in its entirety and I've deviated a bit as well resulting in some Apache specific features.
The file descriptors for stdout and stderr are left open. This is prohibited by the specification. I can't see any reason to require that they be closed, and leaving them open prevents FastCGI applications which were not completely ported to FastCGI from failing miserably. This does not mean the applications shouldn't be fixed such that this doesn't occur, but is invaluable when using a 3rd party library (without source code) which expects to be able to write to stderr. Anything written to stdout or stderr in this manner will be directed to the main server log.
The Filter and Log Roles are not supported. The Filter Role has little value in Apache until the output of one handler can be piped into another (Apache 2.0 is expected to support this). The Log Role has some value, but Apache's "piped logs" feature is similar (and is even more CPU friendly).
The FastCGI protocol supports a feature, described in the specificiation as "multiplexing", that allows a single client-server connection to be simultaneously shared by multiple requests. This is not supported. This does *not* prevent FastCGI applications from supporting multiple simultaneous requests over independent connections. Of course, the application has to be specifically designed to do so by using a threaded or select/poll based server model.
The Authorizer Role has three variations corresponding to three specific Apache request handling
phases: Authentication, Authorization, and Access Control. mod_fastcgi
sets up the
(Apache specific) environment variable "FCGI_APACHE_ROLE" to indicate which Apache authorizer
phase is being performed.
Authorizers under mod_fastcgi
are sent nearly all of the standard environment variables
typically available to CGI/FastCGI request handlers including some explicitly precluded by the FastCGI
specification (for authorizers); I didn't see the point in leaving them out. All headers returned by a
FastCGI Authorizer in a successful response (Status: 200) are passed to sub-processes (CGI/FastCGI
invocations) as environment variables rather than just those prefixed by Variable-
as the
FastCGI specification calls for; I didn't see the point in leaving them out either. FastCGI
specification compliant authorizer behavior can be obtained by using the -compat
option to the
Auth server directives.
Custom failure responses from FastCGI authorizer applications are not supported (speak up if you need this). See the ErrorDocument directive for a workaround (a CGI/FastCGI application can serve the error document).
Directives
-
FastCgiServer
-
FastCgiConfig
-
FastCgiExternalServer
-
FastCgiIpcDir
-
FastCgiWrapper
-
FastCgiAuthenticator
-
FastCgiAuthenticatorAuthoritative
-
FastCgiAuthorizer
-
FastCgiAuthorizerAuthoritative
-
FastCgiAccessChecker
-
FastCgiAccessCheckerAuthoritative
FastCgiServer
| Syntax: |
FastCgiServer filename [option ...]
|
| Context: | server config, virtual host |
The FastCgiServer
directive defines filename as a static FastCGI application. If the
filename does not begin with a slash (/) then it is assumed to be relative to the ServerRoot.
By default, the Process Manager will start one instance of the application with the default configuration
specified (in parentheses) below. Should a static application instance die for any reason
mod_fastcgi
will spawn another to replace it and log the event (at the warn
LogLevel
).
Note: Using FastCgiServer
within a
VirtualHost
does not necessarily limited access to that host. If filename is
accessible via other virtual hosts, they too can leverage the same definition.
Option can be one of (case insensitive):
-
-appConnTimeout n (0 seconds)
-
Unix: The number of seconds to wait for a connection to the FastCGI application
to complete or 0 to indicate a blocking
connect()
should be used. Blockingconnect()
s have an OS dependent internal timeout.
If the timeout expires, a SERVER_ERROR results. For non-zero values, this is the amount of time used in aselect()
to write to the file descriptor returned by a non-blockingconnect().
Non-blockingconnect()
s are troublesome on many platforms. See also-idle-timeout
, it produces similar results but in a more portable manner.
Windows NT: TCP based applications work as above. Named pipe based applications (static applications configured without the-port
option and dynamic applications) use this value successfully to limit the amount of time to wait for a connection (i.e. it's not "troublesome"). By default, this is 90 seconds (FCGI_NAMED_PIPE_CONNECT_TIMEOUT in mod_fastcgi.h). -
-group groupname|#gid (none)
-
Unix (only): When FastCgiWrapper is in use, the group is
used to invoke the wrapper. The
-group
option must be used together with-user
. -
-idle-timeout n (30 seconds)
-
The number of seconds of FastCGI application inactivity allowed before the request is aborted and the
event is logged (at the
error
LogLevel
). The inactivity timer applies only as long as a connection is pending with the FastCGI application. If a request is queued to an application, but the application doesn't respond (by writing and flushing) within this period, the request will be aborted. If communication is complete with the application but incomplete with the client (the response is buffered), the timeout does not apply. -
-initial-env name[=[value]] (none)
- A name-value pair to be passed in the FastCGI application's initial environment. To pass a variable from Apache's environment, don't provide the "=" (if the variable isn't actually in the environment, it will be defined without a value). To define a variable without a value, provide the "=" without any value. The option can be used repeatedly.
-
-init-start-delay n (1 second)
- The minimum number of seconds between the spawning of instances of this application. This delay decreases the demand placed on the system at server initialization.
-
-flush (none)
-
Force a write to the client as data is received from the application. By default,
mod_fastcgi
buffers data in order to free the application as quickly as possible. -
-listen-queue-depth n (100)
-
The depth of
listen()
queue (also known as the backlog) shared by all of the instances of this application. A deeper listen queue allows the server to cope with transient load fluctuations without rejecting requests; it does not increase throughput. Adding additional application instances may increase throughput/performance, depending upon the application and the host. -
-min-server-life n (30)
- The minimum number of seconds the application must run for before its restart interval is increased to 600 seconds. The server will get 3 tries to run for at least this number of seconds.
-
-nph
- Instructs mod_fastcgi not to parse the headers. See the Apache documentation for more information about nph (non parse header) scripts.
-
-pass-header header (none)
- The name of an HTTP Request Header to be passed in the request environment. This option makes available the contents of headers which are normally not available (e.g. Authorization) to a CGI environment.
-
-port n (none)
-
The TCP port number (1-65535) the application will use for communication with the web server. This
option makes the application accessible from other machines on the network (as well as this one). The
-socket
and-port
options are mutually exclusive. -
-priority n (0)
-
The process priority to be assigned to the application instances (using
setpriority()
). -
-processes n (1)
- The number of instances of the application to spawn at server initialization.
-
-restart-delay n (5 seconds)
- The minimum number of seconds between the respawning of failed instances of this application. This delay prevents a broken application from soaking up too much of the system.
-
-socket filename (generated)
-
Unix: The filename of the Unix domain socket that the application will use for
communication with the web server. The module creates the socket within the directory specified by
FastCgiIpcDir
. This option makes the application accessible to other applications (e.g.cgi-fcgi
) on the same machine or via an external FastCGI application definition (FastCgiExternalServer
). If neither the-socket
nor the-port
options are given, the module generates a Unix domain socket filename. The-socket
and-port
options are mutually exclusive. -
Windows NT: The name of the named pipe that the application will use for
communication with the web server. The module creates the named pipe under the named pipe root
specified by
FastCgiIpcDir
. This option makes the application accessible to other applications (e.g.cgi-fcgi
) on the same machine or via an external FastCGI application definition (FastCgiExternalServer
). If neither the-socket
nor the-port
options are given, the module generates a name for the named pipe. The-socket
and-port
options are mutually exclusive. -
-user username|#uid (none)
-
Unix (only): When FastCgiWrapper is in use, the user is
used to invoke the wrapper. The
-user
option must be used together with-group
.
FastCgiConfig
| Syntax: |
FastCgiConfig option [option ...]
|
| Context: | server config |
The FastCgiConfig
directive defines the default parameters for all dynamic FastCGI
applications. This directive does not affect static or external applications in any way.
Dynamic applications are not started at server initialization, but upon demand. If the demand is heavy, additional application instances are started.  Many of the options govern this process.
Option can be one of (case insensitive):
-
-appConnTimeout n (0 seconds)
-
Unix: The number of seconds to wait for a connection to the FastCGI application
to complete or 0 to indicate a blocking
connect()
should be used. Blockingconnect()
s have an OS dependent internal timeout. If the timeout expires, a SERVER_ERROR results. For non-zero values, this is the amount of time used in aselect()
to write to the file descriptor returned by a non-blockingconnect()
. Non-blockingconnect()
s are troublesome on many platforms. See also-idle-timeout
, it produces similar results but in a more portable manner.
Windows NT: TCP based applications work as above. Named pipe based applications (static applications configured without the-port
option and dynamic applications) use this value successfully to limit the amount of time to wait for a connection (i.e. it's not "troublesome"). By default, this is 90 seconds (FCGI_NAMED_PIPE_CONNECT_TIMEOUT in mod_fastcgi.h). -
-autoUpdate (none)
-
Causes mod_fastcgi to check the modification time of the application on disk before processing each
request. If the application on disk has been changed, the process manager is notified and all running
instances of the application are killed off. In general, it's preferred that this type of
functionality be built-in to the application (e.g. every 100th request it checks to see if there's
a newer version on disk and exits if so). There may be an outstanding problem (bug) when this option is
used with
-restart
. -
-flush (none)
-
Force a write to the client as data is received from the application. By default,
mod_fastcgi
buffers data in order to free the application as quickly as possible. -
-gainValue n (0.5)
-
A floating point value between 0 and 1 used as an exponent in the computation of the exponentially
decayed connection times load factor of the currently running dynamic FastCGI applications. Old values
are scaled by (
1 - gainValue
), so making it smaller weights old values more than the current value (which is scaled bygainValue
). -
-idle-timeout n (30 seconds)
-
The number of seconds of FastCGI application inactivity allowed before the request is aborted and the
event is logged (at the
error
LogLevel
). The inactivity timer applies only as long as a connection is pending with the FastCGI application. If a request is queued to an application, but the application doesn't respond (by writing and flushing) within this period, the request will be aborted. If communication is complete with the application but incomplete with the client (the response is buffered), the timeout does not apply. -
-initial-env name[=[value]] (none)
- A name-value pair to be passed in the initial environment when instances of applications are spawned. To pass a variable from the Apache environment, don't provide the "=" (if the variable isn't actually in the environment, it will be defined without a value). To define a variable without a value, provide the "=" without any value. The option can be used repeatedly.
-
-init-start-delay n (1 second)
- The minimum number of seconds between the spawning of instances of applications. This delay decreases the demand placed on the system at server initialization.
-
-killInterval n (300 seconds)
- Determines how often the dynamic application instance killing policy is implemented within the process manager. Smaller numbers result in a more aggressive policy, larger numbers a less aggressive policy.
-
-listen-queue-depth n (100)
-
The depth of
listen()
queue (also known as the backlog) shared by all instances of applications. A deeper listen queue allows the server to cope with transient load fluctuations without rejecting requests; it does not increase throughput. Adding additional application instances may increase throughput/performance, depending upon the application and the host. -
-maxClassProcesses n (10)
- The maximum number of dynamic FastCGI application instances allowed to run for any one FastCGI application. It must be <= to -maxProcesses (this is not programmatically enforced).
-
-maxProcesses n (50)
- The maximum total number of dynamic FastCGI application instances allowed to run at any one time. It must be >= to -maxClassProcesses (this is not programmatically enforced).
-
-min-server-life n (30)
- The minimum number of seconds a dynamic FastCGI application must run for before its restart interval is increased to 600 seconds. The server will get 3 tries to run for at least this number of seconds.
-
-minProcesses n (5)
- The minimum total number of dynamic FastCGI application instances allowed to run at any one time without being killed off by the process manager (due to lack of demand).
-
-multiThreshold n (50)
-
An integer between 0 and 100 used to determine whether any one instance of a FastCGI application should
be terminated. If the application has more than one instance currently running, this attribute will be
used to decide whether one of them should be terminated. If only one instance remains,
singleThreshold
is used instead.
For historic reasons the mis-spellingmultiThreshhold
is also accepted. -
-pass-header header (none)
- The name of an HTTP Request Header to be passed in the request environment. This option makes available the contents of headers which are normally not available (e.g. Authorization) to a CGI environment.
-
-priority n (0)
-
The process priority to be assigned to the application instances (using
setpriority()
). -
-processSlack n (5)
-
If the sum of the number of all currently running dynamic FastCGI applications and
processSlack
exceedsmaxProcesses
, the process manager invokes the killing policy. This is to improve performance at higher loads by killing some of the most inactive application instances before reachingmaxProcesses
. -
-restart (none)
- Causes the process manager to restart dynamic applications upon failure (similar to static applications).
-
-restart-delay n (5 seconds)
- The minimum number of seconds between the respawning of failed instances of applications. This delay prevents a broken application from soaking up too much of the system.
-
-singleThreshold n (0)
-
An integer between 0 and 100 used to determine whether the last instance of a FastCGI application can
be terminated. If the process manager computed load factor for the application is lower than the
specified threshold, the last instance is terminated. In order to make your executables run in the
"idle" mode for the long time, you would specify a value closer to 1, however if memory or
CPU time is of primary concern, a value closer to 100 would be more applicable. A value of 0 will
prevent the last instance of an application from being terminated; this is the default value, changing
it is not recommended (especially if
-appConnTimeout
is set).
For historic reasons the mis-spellingsingleThreshhold
is also accepted. -
-startDelay n (3 seconds)
-
The number of seconds the web server waits patiently while trying to connect to a dynamic FastCGI
application. If the interval expires, the process manager is notified with hope it will start another
instance of the application. The
startDelay
must be less thanappConnTimeout
to be effective. -
-updateInterval n (300 seconds)
- The updateInterval determines how often statistical analysis is performed to determine the fate of dynamic FastCGI applications.
FastCgiExternalServer
| Syntax: |
FastCgiExternalServer filename -host hostname:port [option ...]
|
FastCgiExternalServer filename -socket filename [option ...]
|
|
| Context: | server config, virtual host |
The FastCgiExternalServer
directive defines filename as an external FastCGI
application. If filename does not begin with a slash (/) then it is assumed to be relative to the
ServerRoot. The filename does
not have to exist in the local filesystem. URIs that Apache resolves to this filename will be
handled by this external FastCGI application.
External FastCGI applications are not started by the process manager, they are presumed to be started and
managed "external" to Apache and mod_fastcgi. The FastCGI devkit provides a simple tool,
cgi-fcgi
, for starting FastCGI applications independent of the server (applications can also
be self-starting, see the devkit).
Note: Using FastCgiServer
within a
VirtualHost
does not necessarily limited access to that host. If filename is
accessible via other virtual hosts, they too can leverage the same definition.
Option can be one of (case insensitive):
-
-appConnTimeout n (0 seconds)
-
Unix: The number of seconds to wait for a connection to the FastCGI application
to complete or 0 to indicate a blocking
connect()
should be used. Blockingconnect()
s have an OS dependent internal timeout. If the timeout expires, a SERVER_ERROR results. For non-zero values, this is the amount of time used in aselect()
to write to the file descriptor returned by a non-blockingconnect()
. Non-blockingconnect()
s are troublesome on many platforms. See also-idle-timeout
, it produces similar results but in a more portable manner.
Windows NT: TCP based applications work as above. Named pipe based applications (static applications configured without the-port
option and dynamic applications) use this value successfully to limit the amount of time to wait for a connection (i.e. it's not "troublesome"). By default, this is 90 seconds (FCGI_NAMED_PIPE_CONNECT_TIMEOUT in mod_fastcgi.h). -
-group groupname|#gid (none)
-
Unix (only): When FastCgiWrapper is in use, the group is
used to invoke the wrapper. The
-group
option must be used together with-user
. -
-idle-timeout n (30 seconds)
-
The number of seconds of FastCGI application inactivity allowed before the request is aborted and the
event is logged (at the
error
LogLevel
). The inactivity timer applies only as long as a connection is pending with the FastCGI application. If a request is queued to an application, but the application doesn't respond (by writing and flushing) within this period, the request will be aborted. If communication is complete with the application but incomplete with the client (the response is buffered), the timeout does not apply. -
-flush (none)
-
Force a write to the client as data is received from the application. By default,
mod_fastcgi
buffers data in order to free the application as quickly as possible. -
-host hostname:port (none)
-
The hostname or IP address and TCP port number (1-65535) the application uses for communication with
the web server. The
-socket
and-host
options are mutually exclusive. -
-nph
- Instructs mod_fastcgi not to parse the headers. See the Apache documentation for more information about nph (non parse header) scripts.
-
-pass-header header (none)
- The name of an HTTP Request Header to be passed in the request environment. This option makes available the contents of headers which are normally not available (e.g. Authorization) to a CGI environment.
-
-socket filename (none)
-
Unix: The filename of the Unix domain socket the application uses for
communication with the web server. The filename is relative to the
FastCgiIpcDir
. The-socket
and-port
options are mutually exclusive. -
Windows NT: The name of the named pipe the application uses for communicating
with the web server. the name is relative to the
FastCgiIpcDir
. The-socket
and-port
options are mutually exclusive. -
-user username|#uid (none)
-
Unix (only): When FastCgiWrapper is in use, the user is
used to invoke the wrapper. The
-user
option must be used together with-group
.
FastCgiIpcDir
| Syntax: |
Unix: FastCgiIpcDir directory
|
Windows NT: FastCgiIpcDir name
|
|
| Default: |
Unix/Apache: FastCgiIpcDir logs/fastcgi
|
Unix/Apache2: FastCgiIpcDir RUNTIMEDIR/fastcgi
|
|
Windows NT: FastCgiIpcDir \\\\.\\pipe\\ModFastCgi\\
|
|
| Context: | server config |
Unix: The FastCgiIpcDir
directive specifies directory as the
place to store (and in the case of external FastCGI applications, find) the Unix socket files used for
communication between the applications and the web server. If the directory does not begin with a slash (/)
then it is assumed to be relative to the ServerRoot. If the directory doesn't exist,
an attempt is made to create it with appropriate permissions. Do not specify a directory that is not on a
local filesystem! If you use the default directory (or another directory within /tmp
),
mod_fastcgi
will break if your system periodically deletes files from /tmp
.
Windows NT: The FastCgiIpcDir
directive specifies name as the
root for the named pipes used for communication between the application and the web server. The
name must be in the form of \\\\.\\pipe\\pipename (notice that the
backslashes are escaped). The pipename can contain any character other than a backslash.
The FastCgiIpcDir
directive must precede any FastCgiServer
or FastCgiExternalServer
directives (which make use of Unix
sockets). The directory must be readable, writeable, and executable (searchable) by the web server, but
otherwise should not be accessible to anyone.
FastCgiIpcDir
is typically used move the directory someplace more suitable (than the default)
for the platform or to prevent multiple Apache instances from sharing FastCGI application instances.
FastCgiWrapper
| Syntax: |
FastCgiWrapper On | Off | filename
|
| Default: |
FastCgiWrapper Off
|
| Context: | server config |
Unix (only): The FastCgiWrapper
directive is used to enable support for a
wrapper such as suexec (included with Apache in the
support directory) or cgiwrap. To use the same wrapper used
by Apache, set FastCgiWrapper
to On (NOTE - mod_fastcgi cannot reliably determine the
wrapper used by Apache when built as a DSO). The On argument requires suexec be enabled in Apache
(for CGI). To use a specific wrapper, specify a filename. If the filename does not begin with a
slash (/) then it is assumed to be relative to the ServerRoot. The wrapper is used to invoke all
FastCGI applications (in the future this directive will have directory context).
When FastCgiWrapper
is enabled, no assumptions are made about the target application and thus
presence and permissions checks cannot be made. This is the responsibility of the wrapper.
The wrapper is invoked with the following arguments: username, group, application. The username and group are determined as described below. The application is the "filename" Apache resolves the requested URI to (dynamic) or the filename provided as an argument to another FastCGI (server or authorizer) directive. These arguments may or may not be used by the wrapper (e.g. suexec uses them, cgiwrap parses the URI and ignores them). The environment passed to the wrapper is identical to the environment passed when a wrapper is not in use.
When FastCgiWrapper
is enabled, the location of static or external FastCGI application
directives can be important. Under Apache 1.3, they inherit their user and group from the user and
group
of the virtual server in which they are defined. User
and Group
directives must precede
FastCGI application definitions. Under Apache 2.0, the -user
and -group
options
to FastCgiServer and FastCgiExternalServer directives must be used (dynamic applications still use
the virtual server's user and group).
Note that access to (use of) FastCGI applications is not limited to the virtual server in which they were defined. The application is used to service requests from any virtual server with the same user and group.
If a request is received for a FastCGI application without an existing matching definition already running with the correct user and group, a dynamic instance of the application is started with the correct user and group. This can lead to multiple copies of the same application running with different user/group. If this is a problem, preclude navigation to the application from other virtual servers or configure the virtual servers with the same User and Group.
See the Apache documentation for more information about suexec (make sure you fully understand the security implications).
FastCgiAuthenticator
| Syntax: |
FastCgiAuthenticator filename [-compat]
|
| Context: | directory |
The FastCgiAuthenticator
directive is used to define a FastCGI application as a per-directory
authenticator. Authenticators verify the requestor is who he says he is by matching the provided username
and password against a list or database of known users and passwords. FastCGI based authenticators are
useful primarily when the user database is maintained within an existing independent program or resides on
a machine other than the web server.
If the FastCGI application filename does not have a corresponding static or external server definition, it is started as a dynamic FastCGI application. If the filename does not begin with a slash (/) then it is assumed to be relative to the ServerRoot.
FastCgiAuthenticator
is used within Directory
or Location
containers and must include
an AuthType
and AuthName
directive. Only the
Basic
user authentication type is supported. It must be accompanied by a require
or FastCgiAuthorizer
directive in order to work correctly.
<Directory htdocs/protected> AuthType Basic AuthName ProtectedRealm FastCgiAuthenticator fcgi-bin/authenticator require valid-user </Directory>
mod_fastcgi
sends nearly all of the standard environment variables typically available to
CGI/FastCGI request handlers. All headers returned by a FastCGI authentication application in a successful
response (Status: 200) are passed to sub-processes (CGI/FastCGI invocations) as environment variables. All
headers returned in an unsuccessful response are passed on to the client. FastCGI specification compliant
behavior can be obtained by using the -compat
option.
mod_fastcgi
sets the environment variable "FCGI_APACHE_ROLE" to
"AUTHENTICATOR" to indicate which (Apache specific) authorizer phase is being performed.
Custom failure responses from FastCGI authorizer applications are not (yet?) supported. See the ErrorDocument directive for a workaround (a FastCGI application can serve the document).
FastCgiAuthenticatorAuthoritative
| Syntax: |
FastCgiAuthenticatorAuthoritative On | Off
|
| Default: |
FastCgiAuthenticatorAuthoritative On
|
| Context: | directory |
Setting the FastCgiAuthenticatorAuthoritative
directive explicitly to Off allows
authentication to be passed on to lower level modules (as defined in the Configuration
and
modules.c
files) if the FastCGI application fails to authenticate the user.
A common use for this is in conjunction with a well protected AuthUserFile
containing a
few (administration related) users.
By default, control is not passed on and an unknown user will result in an Authorization Required reply. Disabling the default should be carefully considered.
FastCgiAuthorizer
| Syntax: |
FastCgiAuthorizer filename [-compat]
|
| Context: | directory |
The FastCgiAuthorizer
directive is used to define a FastCGI application as a per-directory
authorizer. Authorizers validate whether an authenticated requestor is allowed access to the requested
resource. FastCGI based authorizers are useful primarily when there is a dynamic component to the
authorization decision such as a time of day or whether or not the user has paid his bills.
If the FastCGI application filename does not have a corresponding static or external server definition, it is started as a dynamic FastCGI application. If the filename does not begin with a slash (/) then it is assumed to be relative to the ServerRoot.
FastCgiAuthorizer
is used within Directory
or Location
containers and must include
an AuthType
and AuthName
directive. It must be
accompanied by an authentication directive such as FastCgiAuthenticator
, AuthUserFile
, AuthDBUserFile
or AuthDBMUserFile
in order to work correctly.
<Directory htdocs/protected> AuthType Basic AuthName ProtectedRealm AuthDBMUserFile conf/authentication-database FastCgiAuthorizer fcgi-bin/authorizer </Directory>
mod_fastcgi
sends nearly all of the standard environment variables typically available to
CGI/FastCGI request handlers. All headers returned by a FastCGI authorizer application in a successful
response (Status: 200) are passed to sub-processes (CGI/FastCGI invocations) as environment variables. All
headers returned in an unsuccessful response are passed on to the client. FastCGI specification compliant
behavior can be obtained by using the -compat
option.
mod_fastcgi
sets the environment variable "FCGI_APACHE_ROLE" to
"AUTHORIZER" to indicate which (Apache specific) authorizer phase is being performed.
Custom failure responses from FastCGI authorizer applications are not (yet?) supported. See the ErrorDocument directive for a workaround (a FastCGI application can serve the document).
FastCgiAuthorizerAuthoritative
| Syntax: |
FastCgiAuthorizerAuthoritative On | Off
|
| Default: |
FastCgiAuthorizerAuthoritative On
|
| Context: | directory |
Setting the FastCgiAuthorizerAuthoritative
directive explicitly to Off allows
authorization to be passed on to lower level modules (as defined in the Configuration
and
modules.c
files) if the FastCGI application fails to authorize the user.
By default, control is not passed on and an unauthorized user will result in an Authorization Required reply. Disabling the default should be carefully considered.
FastCgiAccessChecker
| Syntax: |
FastCgiAccessChecker filename [-compat]
|
| Context: | directory |
The FastCgiAccessChecker
(suggestions for a better name are welcome) directive is used to
define a FastCGI application as a per-directory access validator. The Apache Access phase precede user
authentication and thus the decision to (dis)allow access to the requested resource is based on the HTTP
headers submitted with the request. FastCGI based authorizers are useful primarily when there is a dynamic
component to the access validation decision such as a time of day or whether or not a domain has paid his
bills.
If the FastCGI application filename does not have a corresponding static or external server definition, it is started as a dynamic FastCGI application. If the filename does not begin with a slash (/) then it is assumed to be relative to the ServerRoot.
FastCgiAccessChecker
is used within Directory
or Location
containers.
<Directory htdocs/protected> FastCgiAccessChecker fcgi-bin/access-checker </Directory>
mod_fastcgi
sends nearly all of the standard environment variables typically available to
CGI/FastCGI request handlers. All headers returned by a FastCGI access-checker application in a successful
response (Status: 200) are passed to sub-processes (CGI/FastCGI invocations) as environment variables. All
headers returned in an unsuccessful response are passed on to the client. FastCGI specification compliant
behavior can be obtained by using the -compat
option.
mod_fastcgi
sets the environment variable "FCGI_APACHE_ROLE" to
"ACCESS_CHECKER" to indicate which (Apache specific) authorizer phase is being performed.
Custom failure responses from FastCGI authorizer applications are not (yet?) supported. See the ErrorDocument directive for a workaround (a FastCGI application can serve the document).
FastCgiAccessCheckerAuthoritative
| Syntax: |
FastCgiAccessCheckerAuthoritative On | Off
|
| Default: |
FastCgiAccessCheckerAuthoritative On
|
| Context: | directory |
Setting the FastCgiAccessCheckerAuthoritative
directive explicitly to Off allows
access checking to be passed on to lower level modules (as defined in the Configuration
and
modules.c
files) if the FastCGI application fails to allow access.
By default, control is not passed on and a failed access check will result in a Forbidden reply. Disabling the default should be carefully considered.


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In October 2001, laid off by downsizing, I had to leave the original department work to do another work in four shifts. Because I was going to take the postgraduate pre-exam tutorial class, I had no choice but agreed to go to work shifts after I attended the tutorial class.
The first day of the tutorial was scheduled for 6 p.m. to 8 p.m., but the tutor was coming from Zhengzhou, the train was delayed and it was already 9 p.m. after the tutorial ended.
The foreign language school was at the old campus of Shandong University, having an antique flavour and the architectural style which seemed to fit the foreign language school. Looking at the students quietly reading in such big study room, how envious I was!
There were several stone benches near the school gate. I sat there worrying. Going back to work in four shifts, my daughter was so young, who would take care of her? If I failed the graduate test, there really was no route of retreat…I found myself falling asleep, suddenly hearing my daughter shouting Daddy. I woke up with a start, finding that it was the little girl playing nearby shouting her father.
I walked aimlessly along the road near the school gate. I was afraid to go too far for safety reasons. Sitting on the side of the road, I spent the night with my head on the knees when feeling sleepy. There were patrolling police walking past, and after they read my ID card, and asked a few words, they walked away. Not just to save the dozens of dollars of accommodation fee, but I really didn’t even bother to find a place to pass the night.
When I came back, I learned that when my daughter couldn’t find me at night, she cried for a long time, holding the English book. She said her father often read the book when he was at home. It seemed that her father was gone forever…
On October 30, 2001, I began to work in four shifts. By the time I got my grades, I had been in this work for half a year. Politics 65 points, Japanese 80 points, but my major courses were not good. After all, it was all by my self-study, and it was hard to make a big improvement in a short time.
Exactly a year later, on October 30, 2002, I resigned and was employed by an international trading company. At this time, my daughter attended primary school.
In 2003, I passed the examination and got into the government office.
To this day, I have not given up learning. I think, struggle is a lifelong thing.
This page is synchronized from the post: Sitting Overnight near the Campus Entrance of Shandong University


Follows CUNY
7/8 Board approved plan
All Students attending fully in-person or hybrid courses in any University Facility or Program in connection with their employment, appointment, or educational program must participate in the COVID-19 Vaccination Program by receiving information about the vaccine; and, by the date stated in the accompanying FAQ and posted on the University website, either (i) being fully vaccinated; or (ii) have received an approved Exception or Medical Exemption and submitting a Form , as further described below.
Students accessing any University facilities will be required to show proof of a negative COVID-19 test if they are not fully vaccinated. Until the time at least one vaccine is fully Licensed and available to anyone who wishes to be vaccinated, participation may be delayed for some or all Students consistent with the procedures described under COMPLIANCE/RESPONSIBILITIES below.
Any Students subject to this policy who fail to participate in the COVID-19 Vaccination Program as described in section E.1 above by the date stated in the accompanying FAQ and posted on the University website (i.e., by being fully vaccinated or receiving an Exception or Medical Exemption and submitting a written may be prohibited from attending fully in-person or hybrid courses to any University Facilities or Programs, including University housing.
you will be able to you will have to show proof of (or an two prior to to but no later than 10, 2021, in order to fully or or live in a hall this fall.
What happens if the FDA approves a vaccine after the term begins? Students will be required to follow the vaccination policy and be vaccinated and the deadlines for submitting proof of vaccination will be posted on the University and college websites.
The State of New York directed that the public universities mandate COVID vaccinations for students, upon the federal government’s full approval of the vaccine. To that end, the Board of Trustees passed a resolution delegating the implementation of the mandatory vaccination policy to the Chancellor. The Chancellor’s draft policy has been distributed to campuses and will be finalized after the campus comment period.
Follows CUNY(?)
People who are not fully vaccinated and those who might need to take extra precautions must wear a mask indoors at all times. Unvaccinated members of the CUNY community (students, staff, faculty, visitors, etc.) will be asked to observe the honor system in complying with this requirement.
Acceptable face coverings are required for all unvaccinated individuals who are over the age of two and able to medically tolerate such coverings.
Acceptable face coverings for COVID-19 prevention include but are not limited to cloth- based face coverings (e.g. homemade sewn, quick cut, bandana), surgical masks, N95 respirators, and face shields that cover both the mouth and nose.
However, cloth, disposable, or other homemade face coverings are not acceptable for workplace activities that typically require a higher degree of personal protective equipment (PPE) due to the nature of the work. For those activities, N95 respirators or other PPE used under existing industry standards must continue to be used, as is defined in accordance with OSHA guidelines.
Campuses will have an adequate supply of face coverings, masks and other required PPE on hand should an employee need a replacement.
Pursuant to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, fully vaccinated individuals (i.e. students , faculty, and staff ) are not required to maintain social distancing or wear masks, while unvaccinated individuals are responsible for continuing to wear a mask and practice social distancing in all locations.
Campus discretion. Campuses may impose additional mask wearing requirements and additional terms or restrictions within the instructional setting (e.g. no eating or drinking) above and beyond the CDC guidance.
Follows CUNY (?)
CUNY will implement surveillance testing for unvaccinated individuals, who will be required to submit a test every 7 days. Continued access to on-campus activities will be contingent on regular submission of a negative test.
Fully vaccinated people with no COVID-19-like symptoms and no known exposure will be exempted from routine screening testing programs.
Based on CDC guidance, CUNY will stop entry screening (Everbridge self-reporting) and rely on individuals to stay home when they are sick.
Daily health screenings are no longer required for vaccinated individuals. Campuses may continue to screen all individuals for (1) COVID-19 symptoms, (2) recent close contacts, and (3) recent positive COVID-19 test result, regardless of individual vaccination status.
The goal is to get every individual vaccinated. Until that point, mandatory weekly testing will continue to be required for any person4 who has a physical presence on campus and who has not been fully vaccinated or who has not shown proof of vaccination.
Follows CUNY(?)
For the vast majority of students who are expected to be vaccinated by Fall 2021, physical distancing will not be a required safety measure for classroom and educational settings. People who are not fully vaccinated should continue to practice physical distancing.
Pursuant to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, fully vaccinated individuals (i.e. students , faculty, and staff ) are not required to maintain social distancing or wear masks, while unvaccinated individuals are responsible for continuing to wear a mask and practice social distancing in all locations.
Follows CUNY(?)
Campuses must conduct regular cleaning and disinfection of the facilities and more frequent cleaning and disinfection for high risk areas used by many individuals and for frequently touched surfaces.
Whenever possible, campuses will increase ventilation of outdoor air (e.g., opening windows and doors) while maintaining safety precautions.
The New York State mandatory cleaning and disinfection protocols are no longer in effect. However, it is highly recommended that campuses clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces, such as common areas and shared workstations, at least once a day and regularly clean and disinfect other surfaces as necessary given the level of traffic and type of individuals who use the space and general risk of community transmission of COVID-19. Campuses must provide hand hygiene stations or supplies within workplaces for individuals to use; specifically, hand washing, such as soap, running water or disposable towels or hand sanitizing, such as alcohol-based sanitizer with 60 percent or more alcohol where hand washing may not be available or practical.
Campuses should increase outdoor airflow and ventilation rates in indoor settings to the extent compatible with individual comfort and safety and in accordance with building codes and standards, as well as applicable lease, contract, or other use agreement requirements; in indoor areas where air is recirculated, should consider higher rated filtration within HVAC systems as supported by the filter rack and air handling system so long as the system can perform to the level of heating and cooling that it was able to provide prior to the COVID-19 public health emergency; and consider other appropriate indoor air quality measures, such as portable fans, filters, and air cleaners.
Follows CUNY(?)
CUNY will continue to require that unvaccinated individuals enter quarantine in the event of possible exposure, and isolation should be required for all individuals when diagnosed with COVID-19. Unless showing symptoms of COVID-19, vaccinated individuals do not need to quarantine in the event of possible exposure to someone who has a suspected or confirmed case of COVID-19.
Campuses should plan to maintain a reasonable portion of the rooms previously held or have access to space off campus for quarantine and isolation uses. The CDC Guidance indicates that fully vaccinated individuals who are exposed to COVID-19 do not have to quarantine unless they are symptomatic. Fully vaccinated individuals who test positive must isolate for 10 days.
The Board of Trustees has directed that CSI spend at least 1,061,000 dollars on Re-opening Expenses; 586,800 dollars on Online Program Development; and 512,900 Faculty Professional Development


Authors: Debatosh Guha, Sujoy Biswas, and Chandrakanta Kumar
Source: FERMAT, Volume 2, Article 7, Mar.-Apr., 2014
Abstract: Deliberately created defects in the form of etchedout patterns on the ground plane of microstrip circuits and transmission lines have been familiar to microwave engineers for a long time, although their applications to the antennas are relatively new. The term Defected Ground Structure (DGS), specifically implies a single or very limited number of defects. The antenna designers initially employed DGS underneath printed feed lines to suppress higher harmonics. During 2005- 2006, DGS was directly integrated with antennas to improve the radiation characteristics and to suppress mutual coupling between adjacent elements. Since then, the DGS techniques have been explored extensively and have led to many possible applications. Over 1200 technical papers, three book chapters, and several granted patents on ‘antennas with DGS’, produced in a short span of last eight years, are a measure of the potential of this technique. The objective of this work is aimed to address the topic in a comprehensive way, to provide a chronology of the research and innovations, to offer an insight of the technology, and to review the state-of-the-art advances in the area of DGS.
Index Terms: Defected Ground Structure, DGS, defected ground plane, antenna with DGS, DGS integrated array, printed monopole with DGS.
View PDF
Printed Antenna Designs Using Defected Ground Structures: A Review of Fundamentals and State-of-the-Art Developments


So you've got yourself a shiny new Pebble watch (wise choice!), but your Timeline is looking rather bare and empty with only Google Calendar (and the Weather forecast to keep it company)?
Clearly, you are a person who knows how to get what they want, as populating the timeline is exactly what TimeSync was created for!
(You can grab the app here by the way)
mmmmmm sauce
You can peruse the source code for TimeSync at GitHub under the Apache 2.0 license
But please, if you do venture forth, don't mind the mess.
(Because Facebook made me write one)
You can find it here, and it hopefully outlines just how much I care about keeping your data safe while at the same time how much don't care about it's contents. This service is for you and no one else.
I'm no artist (in fact, I'm fairly certain I have a negative artistic ability), so I have scrounged the wonderful icons you can see on this page (and even the design of this site) from various sources:
If you need to contact me (for whatever reason), you can send one of those new-fangled digital telegrams to "contact squiggly-a-thing time-sync.com"


Local Climate Zones¶
Local Climate Zones (LCZ) is a particular land-use classification framework to describes urban surfaces structure and cover with consistency and comparability across cities, supporting applications in studies of urban heat waves, sustainable urbanization and urban energy balance 2. The LCZ classification scheme 3 and instructions are accessible through the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) project web portal.
Note
In the hands-on exercise, you will use an already available LCZ map of Milan. The analytical procedure to derive LCZ maps from optical satellite imagery is out of scope for this tutorial.
- 2
Stewart, I. D., & Oke, T. R. (2012). Local climate zones for urban temperature studies. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 93(12), 1879-1900.
- 3
Bechtel, B., Alexander, P. J., Böhner, J., Ching, J., Conrad, O., Feddema, J., … & Stewart, I. (2015). Mapping local climate zones for a worldwide database of the form and function of cities. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 4(1), 199-219.


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A Tiny Yoda Has Become A Huge Meme
by Joseph EarpThe first few episodes of Star Wars saga The Mandalorian have gotten fairly mixed reviews. But one character has emerged head and shoulders above the rest.
Spoilers for the first episode of The Mandalorian follow.
See, the show’s pilot follows the titular bounty hunter as he tracks down a package about which he knows very little — only that it’s “50 years old” and extremely important.
As it turns out, the package is a tiny, aggressively cute green thing with long, bat-like ears.
So, a baby Yoda.
Of course, it’s not actually Yoda. The Mandalorian is set a few years after the end of Return of the Jedi, so Yoda is well dead by this stage. Instead, the baby’s a youngling from the same species as the ancient space wizard (unless the show’s setting up the idea that Yoda regenerates into a new body after death, which like, phew.)
But who cares about technicalities? All that matters is that Baby Yoda is extremely cute, and has been widely embraced by the internet at large, and Twitter in particular.
In fact, Baby Yoda is so popular that they’ve been mashed into a number of different trends, ranging from the hugely popular Pikachu memes that floated around for a while this year…
…to, uh, the “suicide” of Jeffrey Epstein.
And it’s not just random internet commentators getting excited about this tiny green guy. Werner Herzog, one of the most acclaimed and serious filmmakers of all time, who stars in the series as a nefarious villain, says he was overwhelmed with emotion when he first clapped eyes on the character.
“I saw two technicians operating it remote,” Herzog said in an interview. “One was for the eyes and the mouth, and the other one was for other facial expressions. It’s a phenomenal technical achievement and beyond the technological achievement, it’s heartbreaking.”
And he isn’t being poetic when he says ‘heartbreaking’. He means it very literally.
“On the set, it looked absolutely convincing,” Herzog said. “It made you cry when you saw it.”