UICircularRingGradientPosition
public enum UICircularRingGradientPosition
UICircularRingGradientPosition
This is an enumeration which is used to determine the position for a
gradient. Used inside the UICircularRingLayer
to allow customization
for the gradient.
-
Gradient positioned at the top
Declaration
Swift
case top
-
Gradient positioned at the bottom
Declaration
Swift
case bottom
-
Gradient positioned to the left
Declaration
Swift
case left
-
Gradient positioned to the right
Declaration
Swift
case right
-
Gradient positioned in the top left corner
Declaration
Swift
case topLeft
-
Gradient positioned in the top right corner
Declaration
Swift
case topRight
-
Gradient positioned in the bottom left corner
Declaration
Swift
case bottomLeft
-
Gradient positioned in the bottom right corner
Declaration
Swift
case bottomRight


Hello guys! I am Mustafa Mendy Hussein a student in the second grade of high school from Egypt
If you stumble, get up and be optimistic
You can do whatever you want, whenever you want, so don't lose your resolve
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This Online Store is the leading multi-brand sports retailer in the Philippines, having served millions of Filipinos for over 38 years. Included in the Hall of Fame of Most Outstanding Retailers (awarded by the Philippine Retailers Association), it continues to break new ground and ignite passion for sports throughout the country. It is a member of the Quorum Group of Companies.


[§448B-7] Issuance of license. The director shall issue a license to any person who meets the requirements of this chapter, upon payment of the prescribed fees. [L 2000, c 280, pt of §2]


Judge says MASN should pay Nats based on MLB panel decision
NEW YORK (AP) - A judge has ordered lawyers for the Nationals and Baltimore Orioles to submit a proposed judgment of what the Mid-Atlantic Sports Network should pay Washington for television rights from 2012-16 based on the decision issued in April by an arbitration panel of three baseball executives.
New York Supreme Court Justice Joel M. Cohen wrote in a decision issued Thursday that MASN should pay the Nationals the $296.8 million recommended by the panel, minus rights fees MASN already has paid for that five-year period. Cohen said the clerk of the court should calculate interest on the net amount from April 15 through the date the remaining money is paid.
Cohen heard renewed arguments Tuesday and denied a motion by the Nationals to reargue the case that led to his Aug. 22 decision to confirm the arbitration award. He said the sides should jointly submit a proposed judgment by Nov. 21 and also said the Orioles are not precluded from seeking recalculations of MASN profit distributions.
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The Orioles and Nationals jointly own MASN and have been fighting in court for years. MASN was established in March 2005 after the Montreal Expos relocated to Washington and became the Nationals, moving into what had been Baltimore’s exclusive broadcast territory since 1972. The Orioles have a controlling interest in the network.
MASN paid the Nationals for 2012-16 what the Orioles proposed, $197.5 million, and Washington argued it should be paid $475 million.
The parties agreed in 2005 have disputes over rights fees decided by Major League Baseball’s Revenue Sharing Definitions Committee. The decision by the RSDC in April was made by Milwaukee Brewers chairman Mark Attanasio, Seattle Mariners President Kevin Mather and Toronto Blue Jays President Mark Shapiro.
More AP MLB: https://apnews.com/MLB and https://twitter.com/AP_Sports
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Photography
Your clients want to deal with people, not companies.
You’ve worked hard to build your client base and foster every aspect of your companies brand to become YOU, and that is what you give your clients day in and day out. Professionally executed photography for you and your team reminds your clients and prospects that you understand the quality behind doing business and only want to project the best sides of your company.
With websites and social media becoming a strong hub for first impressions and personal relationship building, why would anyone want to attach a selfie or a photo of themselves at the beach? A poor representation of you and your team on your website and social media could be the reason why they left or never signed a contract.
Your headshots can say a lot about you and your team.
If you’re a relaxed, fun, and vibrant company who loves to project happiness, you may want to present yourselves differently than that of an organization who is perceived as strong willed and tough. Assets team of professional photographers will help you shine bright and project your brand through every pose. We will help you achieve your personalities and guide you through the shoot process.
Option 1: In-House shoot (At Asset)
Come to Asset Marketing’s in-house studio in beautiful San Diego, California. The on-site experience will include the following:
- Full day session for you and your team.
- 1-2 make-up artists.
- 3 different poses per person.
- Creative director.
- Professional photographer.
Option 2: Off-Site shoot (Your Location)
If you can’t make it to us, we’ll come to you. The off-site experience will include the following:
- 1/2 day session for you and your team.*
- 1 Make-up artist.**
- 2 different poses per person.
- Mobile studio lighting.
- Creative director.
- Professional photographer.


This is a colletion of samples for ng2-pop-over component. Each working example has a code snippet below it to
show how it was done.
For npm package and documentation go here
A basic usage of trigger
hey there
{{dynamicMessage | async}}
hover for a pop over left and below
<pop-over
#popOver1 [my]="'top left'" [at]="'bottom right'"
[anchor-to]="true" [x-offset]="5" [y-offset]="5">

hey there

some content

</pop-over>

hover for a pop over left and below

Same as above just on top
hey there
{{dynamicMessage | async}}
hover for a pop over top and above
#popOver2 [my]="'bottom left'" [at]="'top right'"
Now trigger it programmatically and position in overlap
hey there
{{dynamicMessage | async}}
click to show an overlapping pop over
<pop-over
#popOver3 [my]="'left'" [at]="'center'"
[anchor-to]="true" [x-offset]="5" [y-offset]="5">

hey there

content ...

</pop-over>

click to show an overlapping pop over

Attach the pop over to another component
click to see the pop over on the element on the right
watch me carefully, I am the pop over target
<pop-over
#popOver4 [my]="'bottom right'" [at]="'center'"
[anchor-to]="popOver4Target" [x-offset]="5" [y-offset]="5">

How did I get here?

</pop-over>

click to see the pop over on the element on the right

watch me carefully, I am the pop over target

Use your own custom component
hover for a custom component pop over right and above
<pop-over
#popOver5 [my]="'bottom left'" [at]="'top right'"
[anchor-to]="true" [x-offset]="5" [y-offset]="5">
<my-message [title]="'Before you go'" [content]="'Did you lock all the doors?'"></my-message>
</pop-over>

hover for a custom component pop over right and above

Click to toggle
Now you got me triggered. Click again to hide me.
click me to toggle a the pop over (visible: {{popOver6.visible$ | async}})
<pop-over
#popOver6 [my]="'bottom left'" [at]="'top right'"
[anchor-to]="true" [x-offset]="5" [y-offset]="5">

Now you got me triggered. Click again to hide me.

</pop-over>

click me to toggle a the pop over (visible: {{popOver6.visible$ | async}})


Rugby Australia backs CEO Castle amid criticism over Folau case
Rugby Australia (RA) have backed embattled Chief Executive Raelene Castle to continue in the role in the wake of intense criticism over her handling of the Israel Folau case.
REUTERS: Rugby Australia (RA) have backed embattled Chief Executive Raelene Castle to continue in the role in the wake of intense criticism over her handling of the Israel Folau case.
Former Wallabies fullback Folau settled his unfair dismissal case with RA and Super Rugby team the New South Wales Waratahs last week, bringing an end to a bitter dispute triggered by his controversial social media post.
The settlement drew criticism from some quarters as a humiliating surrender by RA, but despite calls to resign Castle said the agreement was in the best interests of the game.
"Raelene's position is not in question and the board is united behind the process undertaken with Israel Folau," RA Chairman Cameron Clyne said in a statement on Monday after the governing body's final board meeting of the year.
Castle's position was further complicated by reports earlier this year that RA could end its two-decade relationship with Fox Sports when the current broadcast rights deal expires at the end of next season.
Clyne, who will step down as chairman in March, said RA was still in talks with the pay TV provider over an extension.
"We remain in dialogue with our long-term partner Fox Sports as we aim to deliver the strongest levels of coverage for all of our competitions over the next five-year cycle," he said.
(Reporting by Simon Jennings in Bengaluru; Editing by Peter Rutherford)


C/C++ arrays allow you to define variables that combine several data items of the same kind but structure is another user defined data type which allows you to combine data items of different kinds.
Structures are used to represent a record, suppose you want to keep track of your books in a library. You might want to track the following attributes about each book:
To define a structure, you must use the struct statement. The struct statement defines a new data type, with more than one member, for your program. The format of the struct statement is this:
struct [structure tag] { member definition; member definition; ... member definition; } [one or more structure variables];
The structure tag is optional and each member definition is a normal variable definition, such as int i; or float f; or any other valid variable definition. At the end of the structure's definition, before the final semicolon, you can specify one or more structure variables but it is optional. Here is the way you would declare the Book structure:
struct Books { char title[50]; char author[50]; char subject[100]; int book_id; }book;
To access any member of a structure, we use the member access operator (.). The member access operator is coded as a period between the structure variable name and the structure member that we wish to access. You would use struct keyword to define variables of structure type. Following is the example to explain usage of structure:
#include <iostream> #include <cstring> using namespace std; struct Books { char title[50]; char author[50]; char subject[100]; int book_id; }; int main( ) { struct Books Book1; // Declare Book1 of type Book struct Books Book2; // Declare Book2 of type Book // book 1 specification strcpy( Book1.title, "Learn C++ Programming"); strcpy( Book1.author, "Chand Miyan"); strcpy( Book1.subject, "C++ Programming"); Book1.book_id = 6495407; // book 2 specification strcpy( Book2.title, "Telecom Billing"); strcpy( Book2.author, "Yakit Singha"); strcpy( Book2.subject, "Telecom"); Book2.book_id = 6495700; // Print Book1 info cout << "Book 1 title : " << Book1.title <<endl; cout << "Book 1 author : " << Book1.author <<endl; cout << "Book 1 subject : " << Book1.subject <<endl; cout << "Book 1 id : " << Book1.book_id <<endl; // Print Book2 info cout << "Book 2 title : " << Book2.title <<endl; cout << "Book 2 author : " << Book2.author <<endl; cout << "Book 2 subject : " << Book2.subject <<endl; cout << "Book 2 id : " << Book2.book_id <<endl; return 0; }
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
Book 1 title : Learn C++ Programming Book 1 author : Chand Miyan Book 1 subject : C++ Programming Book 1 id : 6495407 Book 2 title : Telecom Billing Book 2 author : Yakit Singha Book 2 subject : Telecom Book 2 id : 6495700
You can pass a structure as a function argument in very similar way as you pass any other variable or pointer. You would access structure variables in the similar way as you have accessed in the above example:
#include <iostream> #include <cstring> using namespace std; void printBook( struct Books book ); struct Books { char title[50]; char author[50]; char subject[100]; int book_id; }; int main( ) { struct Books Book1; // Declare Book1 of type Book struct Books Book2; // Declare Book2 of type Book // book 1 specification strcpy( Book1.title, "Learn C++ Programming"); strcpy( Book1.author, "Chand Miyan"); strcpy( Book1.subject, "C++ Programming"); Book1.book_id = 6495407; // book 2 specification strcpy( Book2.title, "Telecom Billing"); strcpy( Book2.author, "Yakit Singha"); strcpy( Book2.subject, "Telecom"); Book2.book_id = 6495700; // Print Book1 info printBook( Book1 ); // Print Book2 info printBook( Book2 ); return 0; } void printBook( struct Books book ) { cout << "Book title : " << book.title <<endl; cout << "Book author : " << book.author <<endl; cout << "Book subject : " << book.subject <<endl; cout << "Book id : " << book.book_id <<endl; }
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
Book title : Learn C++ Programming Book author : Chand Miyan Book subject : C++ Programming Book id : 6495407 Book title : Telecom Billing Book author : Yakit Singha Book subject : Telecom Book id : 6495700
You can define pointers to structures in very similar way as you define pointer to any other variable as follows:
struct Books *struct_pointer;
Now, you can store the address of a structure variable in the above defined pointer variable. To find the address of a structure variable, place the & operator before the structure's name as follows:
struct_pointer = &Book1;
To access the members of a structure using a pointer to that structure, you must use the -> operator as follows:
struct_pointer->title;
Let us re-write above example using structure pointer, hope this will be easy for you to understand the concept:
#include <iostream> #include <cstring> using namespace std; void printBook( struct Books *book ); struct Books { char title[50]; char author[50]; char subject[100]; int book_id; }; int main( ) { struct Books Book1; // Declare Book1 of type Book struct Books Book2; // Declare Book2 of type Book // Book 1 specification strcpy( Book1.title, "Learn C++ Programming"); strcpy( Book1.author, "Chand Miyan"); strcpy( Book1.subject, "C++ Programming"); Book1.book_id = 6495407; // Book 2 specification strcpy( Book2.title, "Telecom Billing"); strcpy( Book2.author, "Yakit Singha"); strcpy( Book2.subject, "Telecom"); Book2.book_id = 6495700; // Print Book1 info, passing address of structure printBook( &Book1 ); // Print Book2 info, passing address of structure printBook( &Book2 ); return 0; } // This function accept pointer to structure as parameter. void printBook( struct Books *book ) { cout << "Book title : " << book->title <<endl; cout << "Book author : " << book->author <<endl; cout << "Book subject : " << book->subject <<endl; cout << "Book id : " << book->book_id <<endl; }
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:
Book title : Learn C++ Programming Book author : Chand Miyan Book subject : C++ Programming Book id : 6495407 Book title : Telecom Billing Book author : Yakit Singha Book subject : Telecom Book id : 6495700
There is an easier way to define structs or you could "alias" types you create. For example:
typedef struct { char title[50]; char author[50]; char subject[100]; int book_id; }Books;
Now, you can use Books directly to define variables of Books type without using struct keyword. Following is the example:
Books Book1, Book2;
You can use typedef keyword for non-structs as well as follows:
typedef long int *pint32; pint32 x, y, z;
x, y and z are all pointers to long ints


In the Game of Life example, we used the predefined Moore neighbourhood. As you already know, OpenCAL also provides other 2D and 3D predefined neighbourhoods. Furthermore, it allows for the definition of custom neighbourhood patterns (cf. Listings [lst:CALNeighborhood2D] and [lst:CALNeighborhood3D]).
struct CALCell2D* calAddNeighbor2D(
struct CALModel2D* ca2D, // pointer to a 2D CA object
int i, // row coordinate
int j // column coordinate
);
struct CALCell3D* calAddNeighbor3D(
struct CALModel3D* ca3D, // pointer to a 3D CA object
int i, // row coordinate
int j, // column coordinate
int k // slice coordinate
);
In order to define a custom neighbourhood pattern, you need to
specify CAL_CUSTOM_NEIGHBORHOOD_2D
(or
CAL_CUSTOM_NEIGHBORHOOD_3D
in case of a 3D CA) as the third
parameter of the calCADef2D()
function (calCADef3D()
for a 3D CA) (cf. Listing [lst:calAddNeighbor2D-3D]). Doing this, you
will start with an empty neighbouring pattern. Then call the
calAddNeighbor2D()
(calAddNeighbor3D()
for 3D CA)
function to add a cell to the pattern.
// ...
int main ()
{
// define of the life CA and life_simulation simulation objects
life = calCADef2D (8, 16, CAL_MOORE_NEIGHBORHOOD_2D, CAL_CUSTOM_NEIGHBORHOOD_2D , CAL_NO_OPT );
//...
//add neighbors of the Moore neighborhood
calAddNeighbor2D(life, 0, 0); // neighbor 0 (central cell)
calAddNeighbor2D(life, - 1, 0); // neighbor 1
calAddNeighbor2D(life, 0, - 1); // neighbor 2
calAddNeighbor2D(life, 0, + 1); // neighbor 3
calAddNeighbor2D(life, + 1, 0); // neighbor 4
calAddNeighbor2D(life, - 1, - 1); // neighbor 5
calAddNeighbor2D(life, + 1, - 1); // neighbor 6
calAddNeighbor2D(life, + 1, + 1); // neighbor 7
calAddNeighbor2D(life, - 1, + 1); // neighbor 8
//...
}
Listing [lst:CustomMooreExample] shows an example of how a custom
neighbourhood pattern can be built for the Game of Life CA described
above. In particular, the Moore neighburhood is built by using a
sequence of nine calls to the calAddNeighbor2D()
function.
The first time the function is called, it adds the relative coordinates
(0,0) to the neighbouring pattern. This first set of coordinates
recerives the subscript identifier 0 and therefore can be used later to
refer the central cell. For instance, when you call
calSet2Di(life,Q,i,j,0);
(see e.g. line 23, Listing
[lst:cal_life]), the relative coordinates of the neighbor 0 (specified
as last parameters), i.e. (0,0), are added to the coordinates of the
cells the elementary process is applying to, i.e. (i,j) (cf. second and
third to last parameters), by obtaining the cell (i,j) itself, which
correspond to the central cell by definition. The subsequent calls to
calAddNeighbor2D()
add further couples of coordinates to the
neighbouring pattern, by progressively assigning an integer subscript
identifier to each of them.
Eventually, note that you are free to start from a predefined
neighbourhood. For instance, let still consider the above Game of Life
example; you can enrich the Moore neighbourhood pattern by simply
specifying the value CAL_MOORE_NEIGHBORHOOD_2D
as
parameter for the calCADef2D
function) and then add
further neighbours by calling calAddNeighbor2D()
as meny
times the as the number of cells you want to add is.


Getting Started with Fully Sharded Data Parallel(FSDP)¶
Author: Hamid Shojanazeri, Yanli Zhao, Shen Li
참고
View and edit this tutorial in github.
Training AI models at a large scale is a challenging task that requires a lot of compute power and resources. It also comes with considerable engineering complexity to handle the training of these very large models. Pytorch FSDP, released in PyTorch 1.11 makes this easier.
In this tutorial, we show how to use FSDP APIs, for simple MNIST models that can be extended to other larger models such as HuggingFace BERT models, GPT 3 models up to 1T parameters . The sample DDP MNIST code has been borrowed from here.
How FSDP works¶
In DistributedDataParallel, (DDP) training, each process/ worker owns a replica of the model and processes a batch of data, finally it uses all-reduce to sum up gradients over different workers. In DDP the model weights and optimizer states are replicated across all workers. FSDP is a type of data parallelism that shards model parameters, optimizer states and gradients across DDP ranks.
FSDP GPU memory footprint would be smaller than DDP across all workers. This makes the training of some very large models feasible and helps to fit larger models or batch sizes for our training job. This would come with the cost of increased communication volume. The communication overhead is reduced by internal optimizations like communication and computation overlapping.
At high level FSDP works as follow:
In constructor
Shard model parameters and each rank only keeps its own shard
In forward path
Run all_gather to collect all shards from all ranks to recover the full parameter in this FSDP unit
Run forward computation
Discard parameter shards it has just collected
In backward path
Run all_gather to collect all shards from all ranks to recover the full parameter in this FSDP unit
Run backward computation
Run reduce_scatter to sync gradients
Discard parameters.
How to use FSDP¶
Here we use a toy model to run training on MNIST dataset for demonstration purposes. Similarly the APIs and logic can be applied to larger models for training.
Setup
1.1 Install Pytorch along with Torchvision
pip3 install --pre torch torchvision torchaudio -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/nightly/cu113/torch_nightly.html
We add the following code snippets to a python script “FSDP_mnist.py”.
1.2 Import necessary packages
참고
This tutorial is intended for PyTorch versions 1.12 and later. If you are using an earlier version, replace all instances of size_based_auto_wrap_policy with default_auto_wrap_policy.
# Based on: https://github.com/pytorch/examples/blob/master/mnist/main.py
import os
import argparse
import functools
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import StepLR
import torch.distributed as dist
import torch.multiprocessing as mp
from torch.nn.parallel import DistributedDataParallel as DDP
from torch.utils.data.distributed import DistributedSampler
from torch.distributed.fsdp import FullyShardedDataParallel as FSDP
from torch.distributed.fsdp.fully_sharded_data_parallel import (
CPUOffload,
BackwardPrefetch,
)
from torch.distributed.fsdp.wrap import (
size_based_auto_wrap_policy,
enable_wrap,
wrap,
)
1.3 Distributed training setup. As we mentioned FSDP is a type of data parallelism which requires a distributed training environment, so here we use two helper functions to initialize the processes for distributed training and clean up.
def setup(rank, world_size):
os.environ['MASTER_ADDR'] = 'localhost'
os.environ['MASTER_PORT'] = '12355'
# initialize the process group
dist.init_process_group("nccl", rank=rank, world_size=world_size)
def cleanup():
dist.destroy_process_group()
2.1 Define our toy model for handwritten digit classification.
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 32, 3, 1)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(32, 64, 3, 1)
self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout(0.25)
self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout(0.5)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(9216, 128)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(128, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv1(x)
x = F.relu(x)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = F.relu(x)
x = F.max_pool2d(x, 2)
x = self.dropout1(x)
x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
x = self.fc1(x)
x = F.relu(x)
x = self.dropout2(x)
x = self.fc2(x)
output = F.log_softmax(x, dim=1)
return output
2.2 define a train function
def train(args, model, rank, world_size, train_loader, optimizer, epoch, sampler=None):
model.train()
ddp_loss = torch.zeros(2).to(rank)
if sampler:
sampler.set_epoch(epoch)
for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
data, target = data.to(rank), target.to(rank)
optimizer.zero_grad()
output = model(data)
loss = F.nll_loss(output, target, reduction='sum')
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
ddp_loss[0] += loss.item()
ddp_loss[1] += len(data)
dist.all_reduce(ddp_loss, op=dist.ReduceOp.SUM)
if rank == 0:
print('Train Epoch: {} \tLoss: {:.6f}'.format(epoch, ddp_loss[0] / ddp_loss[1]))
2.3 Define a validation function
def test(model, rank, world_size, test_loader):
model.eval()
correct = 0
ddp_loss = torch.zeros(3).to(rank)
with torch.no_grad():
for data, target in test_loader:
data, target = data.to(rank), target.to(rank)
output = model(data)
ddp_loss[0] += F.nll_loss(output, target, reduction='sum').item() # sum up batch loss
pred = output.argmax(dim=1, keepdim=True) # get the index of the max log-probability
ddp_loss[1] += pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()
ddp_loss[2] += len(data)
dist.all_reduce(ddp_loss, op=dist.ReduceOp.SUM)
if rank == 0:
test_loss = ddp_loss[0] / ddp_loss[2]
print('Test set: Average loss: {:.4f}, Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.2f}%)\n'.format(
test_loss, int(ddp_loss[1]), int(ddp_loss[2]),
100. * ddp_loss[1] / ddp_loss[2]))
2.4 Define a distributed train function that wraps the model in FSDP
Note: to save the FSDP model, we need to call the state_dict on each rank then on Rank 0 save the overall states. This is only available in Pytorch nightlies, current Pytorch release is 1.11 at the moment.
def fsdp_main(rank, world_size, args):
setup(rank, world_size)
transform=transforms.Compose([
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
])
dataset1 = datasets.MNIST('../data', train=True, download=True,
transform=transform)
dataset2 = datasets.MNIST('../data', train=False,
transform=transform)
sampler1 = DistributedSampler(dataset1, rank=rank, num_replicas=world_size, shuffle=True)
sampler2 = DistributedSampler(dataset2, rank=rank, num_replicas=world_size)
train_kwargs = {'batch_size': args.batch_size, 'sampler': sampler1}
test_kwargs = {'batch_size': args.test_batch_size, 'sampler': sampler2}
cuda_kwargs = {'num_workers': 2,
'pin_memory': True,
'shuffle': False}
train_kwargs.update(cuda_kwargs)
test_kwargs.update(cuda_kwargs)
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset1,**train_kwargs)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset2, **test_kwargs)
my_auto_wrap_policy = functools.partial(
size_based_auto_wrap_policy, min_num_params=100
)
torch.cuda.set_device(rank)
init_start_event = torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
init_end_event = torch.cuda.Event(enable_timing=True)
model = Net().to(rank)
model = FSDP(model)
optimizer = optim.Adadelta(model.parameters(), lr=args.lr)
scheduler = StepLR(optimizer, step_size=1, gamma=args.gamma)
init_start_event.record()
for epoch in range(1, args.epochs + 1):
train(args, model, rank, world_size, train_loader, optimizer, epoch, sampler=sampler1)
test(model, rank, world_size, test_loader)
scheduler.step()
init_end_event.record()
if rank == 0:
print(f"CUDA event elapsed time: {init_start_event.elapsed_time(init_end_event) / 1000}sec")
print(f"{model}")
if args.save_model:
# use a barrier to make sure training is done on all ranks
dist.barrier()
# state_dict for FSDP model is only available on Nightlies for now
states = model.state_dict()
if rank == 0:
torch.save(states, "mnist_cnn.pt")
cleanup()
2.5 Finally parsing the arguments and setting the main function
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Training settings
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='PyTorch MNIST Example')
parser.add_argument('--batch-size', type=int, default=64, metavar='N',
help='input batch size for training (default: 64)')
parser.add_argument('--test-batch-size', type=int, default=1000, metavar='N',
help='input batch size for testing (default: 1000)')
parser.add_argument('--epochs', type=int, default=10, metavar='N',
help='number of epochs to train (default: 14)')
parser.add_argument('--lr', type=float, default=1.0, metavar='LR',
help='learning rate (default: 1.0)')
parser.add_argument('--gamma', type=float, default=0.7, metavar='M',
help='Learning rate step gamma (default: 0.7)')
parser.add_argument('--no-cuda', action='store_true', default=False,
help='disables CUDA training')
parser.add_argument('--seed', type=int, default=1, metavar='S',
help='random seed (default: 1)')
parser.add_argument('--save-model', action='store_true', default=False,
help='For Saving the current Model')
args = parser.parse_args()
torch.manual_seed(args.seed)
WORLD_SIZE = torch.cuda.device_count()
mp.spawn(fsdp_main,
args=(WORLD_SIZE, args),
nprocs=WORLD_SIZE,
join=True)
We have recorded cuda events to measure the time of FSDP model specifics. The CUDA event time was 110.85 seconds.
python FSDP_mnist.py
CUDA event elapsed time on training loop 40.67462890625sec
Wrapping the model with FSDP, the model will look as follows, we can see the model has been wrapped in one FSDP unit. Alternatively, we will look at adding the fsdp_auto_wrap_policy next and will discuss the differences.
FullyShardedDataParallel(
(_fsdp_wrapped_module): FlattenParamsWrapper(
(_fpw_module): Net(
(conv1): Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
(conv2): Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
(dropout1): Dropout(p=0.25, inplace=False)
(dropout2): Dropout(p=0.5, inplace=False)
(fc1): Linear(in_features=9216, out_features=128, bias=True)
(fc2): Linear(in_features=128, out_features=10, bias=True)
)
)
)
Following is the peak memory usage from FSDP MNIST training on g4dn.12.xlarge AWS EC2 instance with 4 gpus captured from Pytorch Profiler.
Applying fsdp_auto_wrap_policy in FSDP otherwise, FSDP will put the entire model in one FSDP unit, which will reduce computation efficiency and memory efficiency. The way it works is that, suppose your model contains 100 Linear layers. If you do FSDP(model), there will only be one FSDP unit which wraps the entire model. In that case, the allgather would collect the full parameters for all 100 linear layers, and hence won’t save CUDA memory for parameter sharding. Also, there is only one blocking allgather call for the all 100 linear layers, there will not be communication and computation overlapping between layers.
To avoid that, you can pass in an fsdp_auto_wrap_policy, which will seal the current FSDP unit and start a new one automatically when the specified condition is met (e.g., size limit). In that way you will have multiple FSDP units, and only one FSDP unit needs to collect full parameters at a time. E.g., suppose you have 5 FSDP units, and each wraps 20 linear layers. Then, in the forward, the 1st FSDP unit will allgather parameters for the first 20 linear layers, do computation, discard the parameters and then move on to the next 20 linear layers. So, at any point in time, each rank only materializes parameters/grads for 20 linear layers instead of 100.
To do so in 2.4 we define the auto_wrap_policy and pass it to FSDP wrapper, in the following example, my_auto_wrap_policy defines that a layer could be wrapped or sharded by FSDP if the number of parameters in this layer is larger than 100. If the number of parameters in this layer is smaller than 100, it will be wrapped with other small layers together by FSDP. Finding an optimal auto wrap policy is challenging, PyTorch will add auto tuning for this config in the future. Without an auto tuning tool, it is good to profile your workflow using different auto wrap policies experimentally and find the optimal one.
my_auto_wrap_policy = functools.partial(
size_based_auto_wrap_policy, min_num_params=20000
)
torch.cuda.set_device(rank)
model = Net().to(rank)
model = FSDP(model,
fsdp_auto_wrap_policy=my_auto_wrap_policy)
Applying the FSDP_auto_wrap_policy, the model would be as follows:
FullyShardedDataParallel(
(_fsdp_wrapped_module): FlattenParamsWrapper(
(_fpw_module): Net(
(conv1): Conv2d(1, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
(conv2): Conv2d(32, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1))
(dropout1): Dropout(p=0.25, inplace=False)
(dropout2): Dropout(p=0.5, inplace=False)
(fc1): FullyShardedDataParallel(
(_fsdp_wrapped_module): FlattenParamsWrapper(
(_fpw_module): Linear(in_features=9216, out_features=128, bias=True)
)
)
(fc2): Linear(in_features=128, out_features=10, bias=True)
)
)
python FSDP_mnist.py
CUDA event elapsed time on training loop 41.89130859375sec
Following is the peak memory usage from FSDP with auto_wrap policy of MNIST training on g4dn.12.xlarge AWS EC2 instance with 4 gpus captured from Pytorch Profiler. It can be observed that the peak memory usage on each device is smaller compared to FSDP without auto wrap policy applied, from ~75 MB to 66 MB.
CPU Off-loading: In case the model is very large that even with FSDP wouldn’t fit into gpus, then CPU offload can be helpful here.
Currently, only parameter and gradient CPU offload is supported. It can be enabled via passing in cpu_offload=CPUOffload(offload_params=True).
Note that this currently implicitly enables gradient offloading to CPU in order for params and grads to be on the same device to work with the optimizer. This API is subject to change. Default is None in which case there will be no offloading.
Using this feature may slow down the training considerably, due to frequent copying of tensors from host to device, but it could help improve memory efficiency and train larger scale models.
In 2.4 we just add it to the FSDP wrapper
model = FSDP(model,
fsdp_auto_wrap_policy=my_auto_wrap_policy,
cpu_offload=CPUOffload(offload_params=True))
Compare it with DDP, if in 2.4 we just normally wrap the model in ddp, saving the changes in “DDP_mnist.py”.
model = Net().to(rank)
model = DDP(model)
python DDP_mnist.py
CUDA event elapsed time on training loop 39.77766015625sec
Following is the peak memory usage from DDP MNIST training on g4dn.12.xlarge AWS EC2 instance with 4 gpus captured from Pytorch profiler.
Considering the toy example and tiny MNIST model we defined here, we can observe the difference between peak memory usage of DDP and FSDP. In DDP each process holds a replica of the model, so the memory footprint is higher compared to FSDP that shards the model parameter, optimizer states and gradients over DDP ranks. The peak memory usage using FSDP with auto_wrap policy is the lowest followed by FSDP and DDP.
Also, looking at timings, considering the small model and running the training on a single machine, FSDP with/out auto_wrap policy performed almost as fast as DDP. This example does not represent most of the real applications, for detailed analysis and comparison between DDP and FSDP please refer to this blog post .


[Vector tiles] are packets of geographic data, packaged into pre-defined roughly-square shaped "tiles" for transfer over the web ~Wikpedia
Leaflet.VectorTiles
Written using native Leaflet functions and in ~424 lines of unminified code


DfE enquiries
Central newsdesk 020 7783 8300
General enquiries 0370 000 2288
Press release
The initial teacher training (ITT) census has been published today, showing that more top graduates are getting into teacher training.
Almost three-quarters of graduates starting teacher training this academic year have a first-class or 2:1 degree (74%), new figures published today show. This is the highest quality of graduates starting teacher training since records began.
The proportion of teacher trainees with first-class or 2:1 degrees has risen 3 percentage points compared to last year (71%), and 13 percentage points compared to 2009 to 2010 (61%), when records began.
One in 6 teacher trainees has a first-class degree (16%) – up from 14% last year and 10% in 2009 to 2010.
The School Direct training programme has the highest proportion of new trainees with a first-class or 2:1 degree. There has been a huge amount of interest in School Direct, both from schools and from candidates. School Direct has attracted more applicants per place than any other training route (3 applicants for every place compared with 1.8 for provider led provision).
Charlie Taylor, chief executive of the National College for Teaching and Leadership, said:
I am delighted that more top graduates are going into teaching. Teaching is a rewarding and fulfilling career - and our best graduates can make a real difference in the classroom. This will raise standards in schools and help every child achieve their full potential.
The initial teacher training census data for 2013 to 2014 published today shows the increase in the quality of graduates training to be teachers over a 5-year period.
| Year | Percentage of new entrants with 2:1 and above | Percentage of new entrants with a first-class honours degree | Percentage of new entrants with a 2:1 degree |
| 2009 to 2010 | 61% | 10% | 51% |
| 2010 to 2011 | 62% | 10% | 52% |
| 2011 to 2012 | 66% | 12% | 54% |
| 2012 to 2013 | 71% | 14% | 57% |
| 2013 to 2014 | 74% | 16% | 58% |
The quality of graduates starting teacher training has improved in all the English Baccalaureate subjects - including maths, physics, chemistry and languages, which have traditionally been hard to recruit to.
| Subject | Recruitment year 2009 to 2010 | Recruitment year 2013 to 2014 | Increase (percentage points) |
| English | 75% | 84% | 9pp |
| Maths | 50% | 67% | 17pp |
| Biology | 60% | 74% | 14pp |
| Chemistry | 55% | 65% | 10pp |
| Physics | 50% | 65% | 15pp |
| Modern and ancient languages | 63% | 80% | 17pp |
| Geography | 66% | 76% | 10pp |
| History | 81% | 88% | 7pp |
In the 2014 to 2015 academic year, top graduates - those with a first-class or 2:1 degree - are eligible to apply for scholarships worth up to £25,000 (up from £20,000 this year) and higher bursaries, worth up to £20,000 in maths, physics, chemistry and computing. Scholarships are awarded by highly-regarded bodies such as the Institute of Physics, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT.
The government introduced scholarships in 2011. Since then, 425 high-quality graduates in maths, physics, chemistry and computing have been attracted to teaching through the scheme. A further 680 teacher training scholarships will be available for trainees starting in the 2014 to 2015 academic year.
| Route | Percentage of trainees with a first-class or 2:1 degree | Percentage of trainees with a first-class degree |
| Provider-led | 74% | 16% |
| School Direct training programme | 76% | 18% |
| School Direct training programme (salaried) - for career changers who bring additional skills to the classroom. | 68% | 13% |
| All | 74% | 16% |
Central newsdesk 020 7783 8300
General enquiries 0370 000 2288
Published: 26 November 2013
From: Department for Education
Part of: Teaching and school leadership


public enum MaterialType
Created by Shynixn 2018.
| Enum Constant and Description |
|---|
COBBLESTONE_WALL
Cobble stone wall.
|
GLASS_PANE
Simple glass pane.
|
GOLDEN_AXE
Golden axe.
|
IRON_BARS
Iron Bars.
|
NETHER_FENCE
Nether fence.
|
OAK_FENCE
Oak fence.
|
OAK_FENCE_GATE
Oak fence gate.
|
SIGN_POST
Sign post.
|
SKULL_ITEM
Skull item.
|
STAINED_GLASS_PANE
Stained glass pane.
|
WALL_SIGN
Wall Sign.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
int |
getMinecraftNumericId()
Numeric internal minecraft id.
|
public static MaterialType SIGN_POST
Sign post.
public static MaterialType WALL_SIGN
Wall Sign.
public static MaterialType SKULL_ITEM
Skull item.
public static MaterialType OAK_FENCE
Oak fence.
public static MaterialType OAK_FENCE_GATE
Oak fence gate.
public static MaterialType NETHER_FENCE
Nether fence.
public static MaterialType COBBLESTONE_WALL
Cobble stone wall.
public static MaterialType STAINED_GLASS_PANE
Stained glass pane.
public static MaterialType GOLDEN_AXE
Golden axe.
public static MaterialType IRON_BARS
Iron Bars.
public static MaterialType GLASS_PANE
Simple glass pane.


AMAZING PEOPLE ARE MAKING DESIGN
When you work with us, you are part of the team of committed collaborators.All aspects of our software development process are intergrated,iterative
and agile.
Our approach unifies design,development and project management to create exceptional products.
we start each by understanding your bussiness goals,the user's needs and the product requirements
Then we help translate them into effective and elegant solutions
Before we sign a contract or write a line of code our team will spend neccessary time needed to understand your product vision
The outcome of this scooping session is proposal or high-level statement of work.
based on our requirements,we can provide a complete offering or just the pieces you need.


for students, by students
Curricullege compiles a compacted form of various college-related resources, as well as advice for high school students. Students will be able to access our website to receive support and guidance for competitive colleges.
Our mission is to provide guidance and resources that students can use to aid them in college apps. We are students, just like you, and are passionate about helping you make your eventual transition from high school to college as seamless and stress-free as possible.
We hope to reach any student who is in search of guidance about academics and the college admissions process. We also provide resources for students who would like to strengthen time management, finding balance, and coping with the intensity of the academic pressures of high school and college.
[<EMAIL_ADDRESS>]
[ @jjinwoohoo ]Jin Woo is an aspiring business major from class of 2021. His goal is to create a scholarship foundation to financially aid and support students.
- Founder and Public Relations Manager
[<EMAIL_ADDRESS>]
[ @miiamonti ]Mia is an aspiring psychology and business double major from the class of 2021. She has a passion for creativity and personal growth and hopes to pursue a future as a licensed clinical social worker and freelance artist.
- Lead UI/UX and Graphic Designer
[<EMAIL_ADDRESS>]
[ @carlo.dino_ ]Carlo is an aspiring computer science major from class of 2021. He hopes to carry his deep passion for tech and programming with him to a future career.
- Lead Front-End Developer
[<EMAIL_ADDRESS>]
[ @damisu_ ]Dayo is an aspiring computer science major from class of 2021. His goal is to become a functioning member of society that holds determination to help others.
- Founder and Team-Coordinator


Dark(${GREY_FIRST}): ${GREY_PERCENT_FIRST}%
Spike(${GREY_SPIKE}): ${GREY_PERCENT_SPIKE}%
Light(${GREY_LAST}): ${GREY_PERCENT_LAST}%
Holes & unique: ${GREY_HOLES}, ${GREY_UNIQUE}
ALTO-PC: ${ACCURACY}%
Block/Line/Str: ${BLOCK_COUNT}, ${LINE_COUNT}, ${STRING_COUNT}
Grid
TextBlocks
Black/white
Parent folder: ${PARENT}
Source: ${SOURCE} (${SOURCE_SIZE} KB, ${IMAGE_MP} MP)
Direct: ${IMAGE}
Source: ${ALTO}
${ALTO_ELEMENTS_HTML}${GREY_ALL}
Generated `date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"`


|
Figure 1
|
(a) Top-view and (b) cross-sectional SEM images of a nanocom ... |
|
Figure 2
|
(a) Schematic of the KMCS model, representing the deposition ... |
|
Figure 3
|
AFM images (top) and KMCS results (bottom) for the LMO–LLTO ... |
|
Figure 4
|
Cross-sectional SEM analysis (left) and 3D view of KMCS resu ... |
|
Figure 5
|
Number density comparison between KMCS (squares) and experim ... |


Royal Greenwich UTC is a university technical college which opened in the New Charlton area of the Royal Borough of Greenwich in London, England in September 2013.
The University of Greenwich is the lead university sponsor of the UTC. Other sponsors include Transport for London, Wates Group and Greenwich London Borough Council. The curriculum of the UTC is structured around a series of business projects developed by the sponsors.
Royal Greenwich UTC had an initial intake of students aged 14 and 16 in 2013, but will expand to accommodate students aged 14 to 19 over the following two years.
Royal Greenwich UTC specialises in engineering and construction with underpinning themes of transport and new green technologies.


Parineeti Chopra's 'The Girl On The Train' to clash with Sushant Singh Rajput's 'Dil Bechara' on 8th May 2020
by TIMESOFINDIA.COMParineeti Chopra has been quite busy shooting for the Saina Nehwal biopic nowadays and therefore has been spending a lot of time in the Badminton court acing her skills to give her best in front of the camera.
While Saina Nehwal biopic has grabbed everyone's attention, Parineeti has surprised her fans by announcing the release date of her next film 'The Girl On The Train' which is a Hindi adaptation of 2016 Hollywood thriller flick featuring Emily Blunt.
Taking to Instagram, the quintessential actress shared a series of unseen stills from the film which a caption which read as "The most thrilling ride of my life!!! The Hindi adaptation of #TheGirlOnTheTrain will release on 8th May 2020. 🤛"
While revealing the release date of the film, Parineeti's film which is being directed by Ribhu Dasgupta, is now on the verge of clashing with Sushant Singh Rajput and Sanjana Sanghi's 'Dil Bechara' which is based on the novel 'The Fault in Our Stars' by John Green.


{% extends "play/layer_1.html" %} {% block content1 %}
Comments (# {{ comments|length}})
{{comment.commenter.user.first_name}} | {{comment.date}}
{{comment.comment}}
NEWS FEEDS (JUST LIKE FACEBOOK!)
{{feed.player.user.first_name}} {{feed.player.user.last_name}} has just completed {{feed.event}}!
# likes {{feed.likes}}
Comments (# {{ comments|length}})
{{comment.commenter.user.first_name}} | {{comment.date}}
{{comment.comment}}


ABOUT
MY WORK
MY CLIENTS
CONTACT
Ok! Let's get into it!
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long term cooperation
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submit


use Red::Column; unit class Red::AST::AddForeignKeyOnTable does Red::AST; class Fk { has Str $.name is required; has Red::Column $.from is required; has Red::Column $.to is required; } has Str $.table; has Fk @.foreigns; method new(:$table, :@foreigns) { self.bless: :$table, :foreigns(Array[Fk].new: @foreigns.map: { Fk.new: :from(.<from>), :to(.<to>), |(:name($_) with .<name>), }) } method args {} method returns {} method find-column-name {}


InfoCovid
InfoCovid
See the Covid-19 cases around the globe all from the comfort of discord.
Add The bot
Star On Github


DIY - Some Notes
A key term within my practice, and the broader music communities I identify with, is DIY. But what does this mean?
Firstly, this won’t be a history of DIY, or even a particularly in-depth consideration. Instead, a brief collection of thoughts, notes, and reflections. A starting point.
DIY in its simplest form stands for Do It Yourself. I’ve no idea of where this term emerged, or from what context. Some may only think of hardware stores and putting up shelves. It doesn’t feel productive at present to go into great depths. There are also competing/complementing terms such as Do It Together (DIT) which try to re-enforce collectivist principles where DIY has replicated, ignored, or been blind to various individualist politics, for better, or worse. There are many kinds of DIY, not all of which are political, radical, noncommercial, anti-capitalist, etc.
My entry to DIY, other than putting up shelving, is through music. My understandings would have been quite thin. Still, I had some awareness around independent music release/production that surrounded the more experimental and less commercial music I started to consume as a teenager. Later, there would be a mental ‘click’ around the American DIY punk scene I mostly knew through labels like Sub Pop and bands like Fugazi. I wasn’t deeply into this scene or very well informed. Still, there was a particular understanding of the possibility to release and record music oneself, and this understanding stemmed somewhat from the borders of this scene.
Those borders seemed to flow into a range of formative musical experiences: making mixtapes; figuring out how to play bits of Sonic Youth with only my Mum’s acoustic guitar; an incredibly elaborate use of a VHS recorder and Hi-8 video camera to achieve multi-track recording (mono bounces between left and right channels using a SCART adaptor); accessing the experimental CDr scene around the turn of the millennium; and eventually putting on my own shows whilst running a tape label.
These activities were me (often with others), doing things, with little financial backing or resources, to participate in the kind of music scenes of which I wanted to be a part. Increasingly, the politics of this has played a more significant role in my thinking. Partly I think this is a good thing - a greater understanding of power, privilege, and the experiences of others. Partly I’m not so sure - social media is breeding increasing conflict and confusion, splintering alliances and solidarity.
I’m not sure what DIY means to me at present. It’s something I need to spend some time figuring out. As a starting point, I’ve kept an e-mail in my inbox for over a month (this is quite uncharacteristic of me). It’s a newsletter from Wharf Chambers, a DIY, co-operative members bar/venue in Leeds.
In this e-mail, they ask, and answer, two questions of relevance:
What is Wharf Chambers? Wharf Chambers is a non-for-profit venue, bar and community space in Leeds. We aim to provide an inclusive and affordable space for music, art, film, politics and discussion that brings together people from communities across Leeds. We are run by a workers co-op in partnership with a members’ club and club collective. You can find out more here.
and
We also pride ourselves on being a DIY venue. What does DIY mean? In the past, we have directed people to a definition written by Leeds collective Cops n Robbers. Yet in the seven years we have been open, we have gained many members from many different walks of life, meaning an update was needed. We brought this to a members meeting and came up with the following - a common set of aims and values reflecting the different experiences of people organising in a DIY nature. We grouped the responses into five headings. For our members, DIY means…
- Self-organisation
- Community focused/ by the people for the people/ accessible
- Not prioritising profit making
- Uniqueness: something that is outside of the mainstream
- A space for experimentation/ freedom to explore/ opportunity to develop
I also wish to refer to Cops and Robber’s definition (as mentioned above):
Cops and Robbers exists as a voluntary run and not-for-profit publication and website to help like-minded promoters and bands let people know about underground/DIY music events in the Leeds area. DIY is a much contested and fuzzy term but we use it to describe events that are: Not for profit This does not necessarily exclude gigs that might inadvertently bring in more cash than is required to break even. We believe profit-making shouldn’t be a motivating factor and we champion gigs that consciously exist outside of the professional sphere. Not for kudos or careerism Minor Threat (covering the Monkees!) once sang ‘I’m not your stepping stone’ and we think this phrase sums up the DIY approach well. We believe that doing music DIY is an attempt to create a genuine alternative to the commercial music industry and not simply a feeding pool, first stage or stepping-stone towards it. ‘Econo’ and efficient Another phrase borrowed from the US underground punk scene: this time from the Minutemen. The DIY approach in our eyes is about making best use of resources and not being wasteful so that gigs can be as inclusive (i.e inexpensive) as possible. For example, gigs with guestlists, costly flyers/posters, wristbands, advanced tickets (and their additional fees) tend to make door prices more expensive. Socially and/or politically aware It probably goes without saying that we will not list gigs that promote racist, sexist, or in any way discriminatory or deliberately offensive views. We do encourage and support benefit gigs that help counter or raise awareness of resistance to oppression and ignorance in its many forms. These definitions are not fixed and we welcome discussion around them. However, please do not be offended if we question or do not include submitted listings that appear to conflict with this definition. Things that might prompt rejection or questioning might include: High door prices Whilst we appreciate that some bands have increasing costs to cover and venue hire can be expensive we may question listings that appear overpriced: a gig with a door price above £5 for a gig with just three local bands, for example. Music press/industry language Listings that are submitted that imitate, or worse, copy and paste the hyperbolic language of the music press tend to raise suspicion. To us, promoters that write their own descriptions of the bands demonstrate that they know and care about the music they are promoting. Ethically questionable content If you send in a listing for a night of EDL-endorsed Black Metal bands or a Rockabilly night with a wet T-shirt competition in between bands please don’t be surprised if we ask for additional info about the event to justify its inclusion in C and R.
https://web.archive.org/web/20180527115008/http://www.copsandrobbers.net/about/
Firstly, we can see some direct links to that US DIY Punk culture I mentioned earlier. Secondly, it provides a bunch of headings to dissect at a later date and ones that come directly from a current, local context. For now, this is a brief mapping of some of our key points for further reflection.


Sign up here to find out what we're planning next. As we're just getting started, sometimes we'll ask for your opinions about things.
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No guarantees for Murray at Davis Cup - Smith
Andy Murray is a welcome addition to Britain's Davis Cup team but there is no guarantee the former world number one will play in the singles, team captain Leon Smith has said.
REUTERS: Andy Murray is a welcome addition to Britain's Davis Cup team but there is no guarantee the former world number one will play in the singles, team captain Leon Smith has said.
Murray, who underwent hip surgery in January, won the European Open in Antwerp last month but the three-times Grand Slam champion is the lowest-ranked singles player in the British team at 126 behind Dan Evans (42) and Kyle Edmund (69).
"Any time you can bring Andy into the team is going to make your team better," Smith told reporters. "He's still working his way back to the level he wants to get to, so people have to keep the expectations of the right level of where he's at just now.
"What he did in Antwerp was much talked about and a brilliant step forwards but you do have to remember this is early days in him coming back.
"We've got really good options. With Andy, with Evo (Evans), with Kyle, guys playing a very similar level – and with Jamie (Murray) and Neal (Skupski) we've got strong doubles options."
The revamped Davis Cup format has group stage ties with two singles matches and one doubles match, with Britain drawn alongside Kazakhstan and the Netherlands.
Murray, 32, eased his way back into professional tennis by playing doubles, partnering with older brother Jamie in Washington earlier this year.
Jamie said they would have to "wait and see" if they would pair up again in Madrid.
"It depends on how Andy's feeling physically, what's the best setup for the team on that day," he added.
"But Neal and I have practised all week and we're ready to play if called upon and I hope we'll do a good job for the team."
(Reporting by Rohith Nair in Bengaluru; Editing by Peter Rutherford)


Class Edge. Class that represents an Edge belonging to a Graph. It has source and destination vertexes, a unique identification number, a pointer to the Road it belongs to and the distance between source and destination.
More...
#include <Edge.h>
Class Edge. Class that represents an Edge belonging to a Graph. It has source and destination vertexes, a unique identification number, a pointer to the Road it belongs to and the distance between source and destination.
Edge constructor.
<Distance between source and destination
- Parameters
-
| s | Pointer to Edge source |
| d | Pointer to Edge destination |
| road | Pointer to road the Edge belongs to |
| Vertex * Edge::getDestination |
( |
| ) |
const |
Gets the destination Vertex.
- Returns
- Pointer to destination Vertex
| unsigned int Edge::getEdgeID |
( |
| ) |
const |
Gets the Edge ID.
- Returns
- Returns the Edge ID
| Road * Edge::getRoad |
( |
| ) |
const |
Gets the road the Edge belongs to.
- Returns
- Pointer to the road the Edge belongs to
| string Edge::getRoadName |
( |
| ) |
const |
Gets the road name the Edge belongs to.
- Returns
- Name of the road the Edge belongs to
| Vertex * Edge::getSource |
( |
| ) |
const |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


this website is composed of courses which guide user to establish their own apps.
This website aims to help you build up apps, which is based on google drive, google apps script, and github pages. We call this kind of apps as uxapps.
You can build uxapps for blog, voting platform, personal website, etc. Especially, you can customize your apps.
ntuyusheng@gmail.com


Sales Information
Add a New Store Location
Location
Minimum customers per hour
Maximum customers per hour
Average cookies per customer
Add to table


--- layout: post title: ! 'New in Rails: has_many :through gets :uniq' categories: - documentation author: marcel published: true date: 2006-05-08 20:00:00.000000000 +01:00 ---
Changset 4325 adds the :uniq
option to has_many :through
. Josh Susser, ActiveRecord associations guru, offers a nice write up of what it means for has_many :through
to have :uniq
.
You haven’t subscribed to Josh’s RSS feed yet?


A tool to help create shiny apps for selecting and annotating elements of images. Users must supply images, questions, and answer choices. The user interface is a dynamic shiny app, that displays the images and questions and answer choices. The data generated can be saved to a file that can be used for subsequent analysis. The original purpose was to annotate still images from tennis video for face recognition and emotion detection purposes.
| Version: | 0.1.2 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.2.0) |
| Imports: | shiny, utils |
| Suggests: | testthat, knitr, rmarkdown, tidyverse, ggplot2, purrr, shinydashboard |
| Published: | 2018-09-27 |
| Author: | Stephanie Kobakian [aut, cre], Mitchell O'Hara-Wild [aut] |
| Maintainer: | Stephanie Kobakian <stephanie.kobakian at gmail.com> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/srkobakian/taipan/issues |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| URL: | https://github.com/srkobakian/taipan |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | taipan results |
| Reference manual: | taipan.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Taipan Vignette |
| Package source: | taipan_0.1.2.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: taipan_0.1.2.zip, r-release: taipan_0.1.2.zip, r-oldrel: taipan_0.1.2.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: taipan_0.1.2.tgz, r-oldrel: taipan_0.1.2.tgz |
| Old sources: | taipan archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=taipan to link to this page.


The why, the how and what’s next for the CfP
When we first started organizing EuRuKo 2013 we made the following question to ourselves:
What are the most important aspects of the conference?
and we all agreed on the following:
- Quality of presentations
- Socializing and friendly atmosphere
Everything else follows and is of lower priority.
We handled the second early in the process by putting a lot of effort in trying to find the best possible venue without exceeding the budget. And we believe we really nailed it! Then it was time to find the best possible solution to the most important aspect of the conference: the presentations.
Before continuing, we should mention that EuRuKo is a special kind of event: it’s non-profit and organized by the community for the community. This means it carries some special opportunities but also many special challenges.
Goals
What we wanted to achieve is simple: high quality of presentations from the most diverse possible team of presenters. We don’t believe that these two are contradictory, quite the opposite, the one re-enforces the other. Still though, there were some challenges that needed to be faced:
- Encourage proposal submission by everyone (including “newbies”, minorities, etc)
- Encourage refinements on proposals
- Make sure that the selection process is neutral, fair and unbiased
- Make sure that the most interesting proposals are actually selected by the community
And…
As you should already have noticed the CfP process was a rather long and community driven process so far. It took more than 500 registered users, 250 suggestions, almost 3.000 casted votes and something less than 30.000 impressions to come up with 30 astonishing proposals that made it to the shortlist.
These 30 proposals will now give one last eponymous fight in order to be presented during EuRuKo 2013. And let’s not forget all those other proposals that didn’t make it: most of them (if not all of them) could be easily chosen instead. If you check the ratings, the numbers are amazingly close. And this is where the ranking algorithm comes in…
How did the proposals get chosen?
Before we answer this question, let’s answer the following ones:
- What constitutes a good indication of interestingness?
- What makes a bad indication of interestingness?
- What makes a bad judge?
With a little simplyfication, here are some answers:
Good indications of interestingness
- Engagement
- Popularity
- Explicit preference
- Ratios instead of absolute raw numbers (or vanity metrics)
Bad indications of interestingness
- Bad data
- Easily exploitable data
Bad judges
- Unfair and/or biased to specific proposals or authors
- Irrelevant to the domain
Now, let’s go back to the original question: how did the proposals get chosen?
First of all the ingredients (a.k.a the metrics):
- Ratio of “upvotes” to total votes
- Ratio of unique user impressions for a specific proposal (a.k.a. how many users viewed this proposal) to total unique user impressions for all proposals (a.k.a. how many users viewed at least one proposal)
Then the recipe (a.k.a the algorithm):
- Calculate the confidence interval for the votes ratio using the Wilson score interval
- Do the same for the impressions ratio
- Weight them giving a heavy preference to votes over impressions
- Sum them up
- Rank the proposals based on the above number
- Select the first 30 proposals from unique authors
And the special secret spice (a.k.a the exceptions):
- Before executing the recipe, exclude users with very little engagement in order to not skew the results
What’s next?
Now, it’s the time we define the final lineup for EuRuKo 2013. We choose the exact 10 talks we would like to see in order of preference. We organise a really awesome conference. And by saying ‘we’, we mean the delegates, the organisers, the volunteers, the supporters, the sponsors and all the ruby community which will watch or read the presentations online.
P.S.: Tickets won’t be available for much longer, so grab yours now and come to Athens for an awesome summer.
References
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_proportion_confidence_interval
- http://www.ucl.ac.uk/english-usage/staff/sean/resources/binomialpoisson.pdf
- http://www.evanmiller.org/how-not-to-sort-by-average-rating.html
- http://possiblywrong.wordpress.com/2011/06/05/reddits-comment-ranking-algorithm/
- http://amix.dk/blog/post/19588
- http://blog.reddit.com/2009/10/reddits-new-comment-sorting-system.html
- https://github.com/euruko2013/vestibule/blob/master/app/models/proposal.rb
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Welcome to my resumé website! My name is Jack and I am software developer that lives in Durham, North Carolina. Here are some facts about me:


Organization and data collation will give your call center sales company the ability to maximize time and profit.
SanityOS is a smart and easy-to-use lead management software that works great for small to medium businesses. The software is also proven to work extremely well as a call center CRM system, offering various features designed to keep your workflow steady.
Companies that have a professional CRM to track all of their applicant communications and information are 40% more likely to be “best in class”.
When it comes to lead management software, SanityOS has what startups, sales and teleservice companies need to prosper.
Technology has made it possible for call center and sales focused employees to work from a variety of locations.
This creates a strong need for a quality lead management software that can record data from calls, email customers, book appointments and follow up with clients regardless of location and device.
SanityOS is a great cross platform call center CRM that works across all of your devices, without the need for any downloads.
Monitoring the productivity of work-from-home employees is crucial and SanityOS has crafted a unique CRM that will save employers time and money.
With an ever-growing need for mobile access to information, cloud based CRM solutions are becoming an integral part of any quality call center CRM.
Over 87% of businesses are using a cloud based CRM system, meaning more information is being accessed remotely.
SanityOS is a cloud based lead management software, making all of your important data available at anytime, from anywhere.
Storage capabilities are limitless, making cloud storage a smart solution for ever-growing companies and call centers.
If you are a sales driven organisation, teleservices or call center company, relying on inbound and outbound calls for revenue, an easy-to-use and powerful call center CRM will vastly improve your organizational skills and avoid losing customers due to sloppy data handling.
SanityOS will transform your company’s productivity, increase customer retention, improving workflow for your employees and making you the money you deserve!
Try SanityOS and start improving your company’s future today!
Discover convenience and accelerated sales productivity.
Get setup in minutes.


System - collection of relate components that interact to perform task in order to accomplish a goal
Computer-based system - hardware, software, people, procedure, and data, as well as communication setup
System analysis and design - 6 phase solving procedure to develop system and improve it.It is called SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
Take the quiz to see what you've learn
1. What cant system analysis do?
2. Who didnt get involve with system development?
3. What is 6 phase solving procedure to develop system called?
4. What do the gather data process in the system analysis do?
5. What is not in the process of system maintaintenance
Question 1: The correct answer is Do math homework.
Question 2: The correct answer is All of the above.
Question 3: The correct answer is SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE.
Question 4: The correct answer is All of the above.
Question 5: The correct answer is Upgrade hardware.
You answered them all right!


Today's computers come in all different shapes and sizes. They can be the desktop computer that you have at home or work. They can be the smart phone you use everyday to make phone calls and browse the web. They can even be the watches you wear!
Although, computers were not always small. In fact, they used to take up entire rooms. And in those days, they were very limited in what they could do. But the interesting fact is that they all work the same way. The only difference is that the components have gotten smaller and can do things much faster today.
Computers need 4 things in order for them to work. Input, memory, processor, and output. All computers take data in a form called binary. You and I as humans view numbers in decimal. However, a computer can only take in data in binary. This means that we use the digits 0-9 in counting. The computer can only use 0's and 1's. Now, this can seem very limitting, but the computer has no problem scaling up due to the speed in which it can do things. Now binary is basically a system of on and off switches. The combination of on and off tell the computer what that piece of data is. A little more information on binary can be found here.
This binary information is input into memory and stored there. This can be done via a number of means such as a keyboard, mouse, microphone etc. The memory can be a hard drive or RAM(Random Access Memory). The data waits for the command to process it by the processor. This is where a set of instructions is passed to the data and the processor then proceeds to output what it has completed. The output can be displayed on a screen or printed to a printer or even played on speakers.
Today, most software engineers do not give the instructions to computers using binary also called Machine Code. Today we have languages that interpret what we want to send to the computer into binary for us. We have an assortment of languages such as Java, Python, Ruby, Javascript, etc. that enable us to write instructions much more easily.
This is what makes computers so fascinating. Imagine having to think like a computer. All the 0's and 1's flooding your brain. I wouldn't say it's impossible as we have very complex brains. Computers are just faster at processing the data. Our brains however, possess different strengths that computers may one day be programmed to have.


The $sceDelegateProvider
provider allows developers to configure the $sceDelegate service, used as a delegate for Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE).
The $sceDelegateProvider
allows one to get/set the trustedResourceUrlList
and
bannedResourceUrlList
used to ensure that the URLs used for sourcing AngularJS templates and
other script-running URLs are safe (all places that use the $sce.RESOURCE_URL
context). See
$sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList and
$sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList,
For the general details about this service in AngularJS, read the main page for Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE).
Example: Consider the following case.
http://myapp.example.com/
http://srv01.assets.example.com/
, http://srv02.assets.example.com/
, etc.http://myapp.example.com/clickThru?...
.Here is what a secure configuration for this scenario might look like:
angular.module('myApp', []).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
$sceDelegateProvider.trustedResourceUrlList([
// Allow same origin resource loads.
'self',
// Allow loading from our assets domain. Notice the difference between * and **.
'http://srv*.assets.example.com/**'
]);
// The banned resource URL list overrides the trusted resource URL list so the open redirect
// here is blocked.
$sceDelegateProvider.bannedResourceUrlList([
'http://myapp.example.com/clickThru**'
]);
});
Note that an empty trusted resource URL list will block every resource URL from being loaded, and will require
you to manually mark each one as trusted with $sce.trustAsResourceUrl
. However, templates
requested by $templateRequest that are present in
$templateCache will not go through this check. If you have a mechanism
to populate your templates in that cache at config time, then it is a good idea to remove 'self'
from the trusted resource URL lsit. This helps to mitigate the security impact of certain types
of issues, like for instance attacker-controlled ng-includes
.
trustedResourceUrlList([trustedResourceUrlList]);
Sets/Gets the list trusted of resource URLs.
The default value when no trustedResourceUrlList
has been explicitly set is ['self']
allowing only same origin resource requests.
trustedResourceUrlList
of 'self' is not recommended if your app shares
its origin with other apps! It is a good idea to limit it to only your application's directory.
| Param | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|
|
trustedResourceUrlList
(optional)
|
Array |
When provided, replaces the trustedResourceUrlList with the value provided. This must be an array or null. A snapshot of this array is used so further changes to the array are ignored. Follow this link for a description of the items allowed in this array. |
| Array | The currently set trusted resource URL array. |
resourceUrlWhitelist();
This method is deprecated. Use trustedResourceUrlList instead.
bannedResourceUrlList([bannedResourceUrlList]);
Sets/Gets the bannedResourceUrlList
of trusted resource URLs.
The default value when no trusted resource URL list has been explicitly set is the empty
array (i.e. there is no bannedResourceUrlList
.)
| Param | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|
|
bannedResourceUrlList
(optional)
|
Array |
When provided, replaces the Follow this link for a description of the items allowed in this array.
The typical usage for the Finally, the banned resource URL list overrides the trusted resource URL list and has the final say. |
| Array | The currently set |
resourceUrlBlacklist();
This method is deprecated. Use bannedResourceUrlList instead.


--- layout: default title: Home --- {% include header.html has_sticky_navigation='true' exclude_main_nav='true' %} Let’s Create Your Team Get developers up & running in seconds Already a member? Your password should be a minimum of 8 characters. If you use your work email, your trial may be extended and you may qualify for free credit in your account. This part of your team URL will also be used as your team name. You can change it later. All members of your team will use this URL to access Koding. GET STARTED {% include analytics.html %}


To check your grade on an assignment:
Assignments
. When the
Assignments page appears, you'll see the the title of your assignment
and information about its status.
In addition, your instructor may have added an attachment (or attachments). You will see these below the instructor comments.
Back to list
to return to the Assignments main page.
You may need to take further action (e.g., if your instructor has made suggestions and asked you to resubmit the assignment). After you've done the needed work, you can preview your changes, resubmit your assignment, or save it as a draft.


var pauseState: VideoPauseState
: VideoPauseState - The current pause state of the tile
pauseState - : VideoPauseState - The current pause state of the tile
pauseState


It looks like you are not registered for this service.
If you think this is a mistake and you need to speak to someone, please contact us using the options below.
Call the video hearings team on 0300 303 0655 and quote your case number
(available between 9am and 5pm, Monday to Friday)Email us at {{ contactUsEmail }} quoting your case number
(available between 9am and 5pm, Monday to Friday)


{% extends 'timepiece/invoice/base.html' %} {% load timepiece_tags %} {% load url from future %} {% block title %}Edit Invoice{% endblock title %} {% block crumbs %} {{ block.super }}
No billable entries were found.
{% endif %} {% if nonbillable_entries %}No non-billable entries were found.
{% endif %}


The Jelly Stylesheet Library (JSL)
The JSL tag library implements an XSLT-like declarative XML based processing engine which allows dynamic stylesheets and a free mix and match of all Jelly tags within the script.
The JSL tag library relies on the XML tags in JSTL to do most of its work, so JSL just provides the declarative XML processing via <jsl:stylesheet> <jsl:template> and <jsl:applyTemplates>


Magister Kaira:
Good. You may have it. Money will not purchase this, however.
Instead you'll have to pay for it in another way
.


6. How to Use Templates in Backbone Js – Learning Backbone Js
In the previous lessons we learnt how to define views and display data. In this lesson we will learn how to use templates in backbone js. So from previous lesson we have this PersonView:
var Person = Backbone.Model.extend({
defaults: {
name: 'Guest User',
age: 23,
occupation: 'worker'
}
});
var PersonView = Backbone.View.extend({
tagName: 'li',
initialize: function(){
this.render();
},
render: function(){
this.$el.html( this.model.get('name') ' (' this.model.get('age') ') - ' this.model.get('occupation'));
}
});
// calls from console
// var person = new Person;
// var personView = new PersonView({ model: person });
//$(document.body).html(personView.el); // this is not ideal but good enough for demo.
The problem is this code is:
this.$el.html( this.model.get('name') ' (' this.model.get('age') ') - ' this.model.get('occupation'));
This will go more complex if we have images or some complex views etc. So lets use a template and we pass data to that template and in return that template returns back the full html view. Take a look on this code and lets discuss it line by line.
var Person = Backbone.Model.extend({
defaults: {
name: 'Guest Worker',
age: 23,
occupation: 'worker'
}
});
var PersonView = Backbone.View.extend({
tagName: 'li',
my_template: _.template(" () - "),
initialize: function(){
this.render();
},
render: function(){
this.$el.html( this.my_template(this.model.toJSON()));
}
});
// calls from console
// var person = new Person;
// var personView = new PersonView({ model: person });
//$(document.body).html(personView.el); // this is not ideal but good enough for demo.
So we introduced a new line ie:
my_template: _.template("<%= name %> (<%= age %>) - <%= occupation %>"),
Backbone js has feature that you can define template using underscore js that we included in lesson 1 and it will compile the template and then when ever you pass the data, it will return the html view as per the code. So in the above line we defined a template using
_.template(" () - "),
and we assigned it to
my_template = .......
Now backbone js will compile it and define a function behind the scenes. Next modification that we did was:
this.$el.html( this.my_template(this.model.toJSON()));
// it was
//this.$el.html( this.model.get('name') ' (' this.model.get('age') ') - ' this.model.get('occupation')
We called the template and we need to pass the data to that template. We will have access to the model object as we will call:
// calls from console
// var person = new Person;
// var personView = new PersonView({ model: person });
So personView has access to the model and previously we have seen that toJSON() method just pass the object parameters. Cool. Now lets see the code again and discuss the full flow:
var Person = Backbone.Model.extend({
defaults: {
name: 'Guest Worker',
age: 23,
occupation: 'worker'
}
});
var PersonView = Backbone.View.extend({
tagName: 'li',
my_template: _.template(" () - "),
initialize: function(){
this.render();
},
render: function(){
this.$el.html( this.my_template(this.model.toJSON()));
}
});
// calls from console
// var person = new Person; // a person object created...
// var personView = new PersonView({ model: person });
// personView.el // ---->; You can call this method and it will display the view..
//$(document.body).html(personView.el); // --->; This will add output to the dom. This is not ideal but good enough for demo.
Whats going on?
- A personView object is created.
- Model person has been passed to that personView object.
- So personView has access to person object.
- personView constructor will call render method.
- render method will call template via my_template and pass data to my_template
- my_template will accepts the parameters and assign proper values and return back to render.
Cool :)
Now Lets see what chrome developer tools say:
The templates we will be defining is known as inline templates. We can improve this code too. Lets see that in the next lesson.
If you are facing any issues. Checkout the source code files at github. I will be creating more and more directories in the same repo regarding each post. Still if you have any doubts contact me or you can comment on the blog post itself.


#import "../layout/defaultLayout.ftl.html" as layout><EMAIL_ADDRESS>"Ninja Ebean guestbook">
I exemplify the usage
of the Ebeans Ninja module.Hi. This is a simple guestbook.
Email: ${guestBookEntry.email}
Content: ${guestBookEntry.content}


Improve This Doc
Action Sheets slide up from the bottom edge of the device screen, and display a set of options with the ability to confirm or cancel an action. Action Sheets can sometimes be used as an alternative to menus, however, they **should not** be used for navigation.
The Action Sheet always appears above any other components on the page, and must be dismissed in order to interact with the underlying content. When it is triggered, the rest of the page darkens to give more focus to the Action Sheet options.
Basic Usage
View Demo Source
```typescript
ActionSheet.open({
buttons: [
{ text: 'Share This' },
{ text: 'Move' }
],
destructiveText: 'Delete',
titleText: 'Modify your album',
cancelText: 'Cancel',
cancel: () => {...},
destructiveButtonClicked: () => {...},
buttonClicked: (index) => {...}
}).then(actionSheetRef => {
// Action sheet was created and opened
this.actionSheetRef = actionSheetRef;
// this.actionSheetRef.close() to close it
})
```


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| Method Details |
x.__init__(...) initializes x; see help(type(x)) for signature
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Discards links to matrices which can then be garbage collected (horrible hack, I know)
|
Remove event from history
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Add event to history
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Validation function
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|---|
| Generated by Epydoc 3.0.1 on Tue Mar 12 12:56:40 2013 | http://epydoc.sourceforge.net |


Cleans up after an interrupted installation and attempts to remove all
incomplete pieces of the previous installation. Cleanup should be performed
whenever any software product or update is in a state of either applying or
committing and can be run manually as needed. For backwards compatibility other
flags and parameters can be accepted with installp -C, but are ignored because
all necessary cleanup is attempted.


trap door
`Prev `__
T
`Next `__
--------------
**trap door**: n.
(alt.: trapdoor)
1. Syn. `*back door* <../B/back-door.html>`__ — a `*Bad
Thing* <../B/Bad-Thing.html>`__.
2. [techspeak] A trap-door function is one which is easy to compute but
very difficult to compute the inverse of. Such functions are `*Good
Thing* <../G/Good-Thing.html>`__\ s with important applications in
cryptography, specifically in the construction of public-key
cryptosystems.
--------------
+-------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+
| `Prev `__ | `Up <../T.html>`__ | `Next `__ |
+-------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+
| trap | `Home <../index.html>`__ | trash |
+-------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------+


The name Jarvis comes from the artificial intellegient assistive robot in the movie IronMan. Wouldn't it be nice to have an assistant who was programmed by you. So I name it to remind me that the purpose of this project and keep the enthusiasm of making it more functionional.
(Updated 2016.12.20) Today the founder of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg published a blog revealing making a home AI project also named Jarvis. It's so interesting that how the movie affected us and make us start to do something. Though the scale of our projects is totally different, but I think the most important things is to keep the passion inspired by the spirit of "Jarvis".


| Home | Create TSL | Examples | Help | |
UbiquitinationUbiquitination is a protein modification in which ubiquitin molecule covalently binds to the lysine residues of ubiquitin substrates (Hicke, 2001). This Two Sample Logo example contains 25 residue fragments, 12 upstream and 12 downstream, from all lysines found in 95 ubiquitinated proteins reported by (Hichcock et al., 2003) and (Peng et al., 2003). The positive sample contains 110 non-redundant fragments around experimentally verified ubiquitination sites, while the negative sample contains all remaining lysines from the same set of proteins, 2885 in total. In order to help answering a question about sequence biases around ubiquitination sites, a two sample logo can be generated to visualize residues that are significantly enriched or depleted in the set of ubiquitinated fragments. Tyrosine PhosphorylationReversible protein phosphorylation provides a major regulatory mechanism in eukaryotic cells. At least one third of eukaryotic proteins is believed to be phosphorylated (Marks, 1996). This Two Sample Logo example contains 25 residue fragments, 12 upstream and 12 downstream, from all tyrosines found in 3408 phosphorylated proteins reported by (Iakoucheva et al., 2004). The positive sample contains 136 non-redundant fragments around experimentally verified phosphorylation sites, while the negative sample contains all remaining tyrosines from the same set of proteins, 5103 in total. In order to help answering a question about sequence biases around phosphorylation sites, a two sample logo can be generated to visualize residues that are significantly enriched or depleted in the set of phosphorylated fragments. Calmodulin IQ MotifsCalmodulin signaling involves important and wide-spread eukaryotic protein-protein interactions that regulate a variety of cellular processes (Vetter and Leclerc, 2003). Among five major types of calmodulin binding sites, one particular type of calmodulin regulation is predominantly calcium independent and requires so-called IQ motifs as the calmodulin binding regions. This Two Sample Logo example is based on the Calmodulin Target Database (Yap et al., 2000) and contains a set of 17 non-redundant experimentally verified IQ motifs and 294 remaining fragments, all containing dipeptide IQ, from the same set of proteins. A two sample logo can be generated in order to understand sequence biases that distinguish IQ motifs from the remaining fragments that contain IQ, but are not calmodulin-binding. Calmodulin Target Database suggests that a regular expression for the calmodulin IQ motif is [FILV]QXXX[RK]GXXX[RK]XX[FILVWY]. However, even though positive and negative sequences in this example were restricted to those starting with an IQ dipeptide only, the two-sample logo reveals interesting dependencies when compared to the negative sites. Exon-Intron Splice SitesThis Two Sample Logo example displays the differences between experimentally verified and false positive exon-intron junction sites, both downloaded from HS3D database (Pollastro and Rampone, 2002). The positive set contains 2,000 non-identical 20-nucleotide long exon-intron junctions centered at GT dinuclotide. The negative set contains 2,000 non-identical randomly selected false positive junctions, also centered at GT. In contrast to a one-sample WebLogo output, this example clearly indicates higher GC content on the intron (3') side of the junction. Interestingly, both 5' and 3' sides show significant depletion of thymine, except at position 15 (6th base within an intron), where it is significantly enriched in the positive dataset. Alternatively/regularly spliced exon-intron junctionsTwo sample logo of the differences between alternatively and regularly spliced exon-intron junctions for the p-value threshold of 0.05. A random sample of 2,000 alternatively spliced sites centered at GT dinucleotide (positive sample) was extracted from HASDB (Modrek, et al., 2001) as 20 nucleotide-long sequences around 5’ splice` sites which had more than one competing 3’ site. Regular splice sites (negative sample) consisted of a random sample of 2,000 non-identical exon-intron junctions from HS3D database (Pollastro and Rampone, 2002). References
|


Enable the SUID bit for root on any of your favorite programs
Or create your own program and SUID it. Make sure everyone can execute.


###1. Office applications:
For normal use of office work, LibreOffice is competent:
You can either install entire office suite or only what you need. I only use two of the modules:
Calc: spreadsheet application.
Writer: word processing application.
apt-get install libreoffice-calc libreoffice-writer libreoffice-gtk
`
The libreoffice-gtk package is Libreoffice can integrate nicely with the system gtk theme (other wise it will look urgly).
You can choose one from several icon set. In the screenshot below I am using the “sifr” icon sets:
apt-get install libreoffice-style-sifr
Then apply it by changing the “Icon size and styles” (User Interface) to “sifr”, go to Tool > Options > View.
To enable the ability to remember the last working place in your document, you need to fill out your “User Data”. Go to Tool > Options > User Data.
If there is no user identified, LibreOffice will assume a new user is opening a document and will open it at the beginning.
As a die hard user of spreadsheets, Calc is just a standard and for light spreadsheet work only. I am intensively depending on VBA/ GAS script. Only Microsoft Excel or Google Sheet can meet my requirement.
LibreOffice Calc
LibreOffice Writer
As I had some bad experiences with Evince when I was using Crunchbang/ Debian Wheezy (Slow to navigate through a large PDF file, blured displays of images in PDF file). Then I found qpdfview, quickly open any PDF:
sudo apt-get install qpdfview
apt-get install Fbreader
“Supports popular ebook formats: ePub, fb2, mobi, rtf, html, plain text, and a lot of other formats” (From its website!). It’s also lightweight and very fast to open ebook.