EXOS Cloning (clone.py)¶
EXOS Compatibility¶
Most of the clone.py application features are compatible with EXOS 21.1 and later releases. Some features such as slot
and cloning an entire stack require EXOS 22.2 and later.
clone.py began shipping as part of EXOS 22.3. To view the version of the cloning application available on an EXOS switch, run the command:
run script clone.py show
The latest version of the EXOS cloning applicaiton is here.
Overview¶
The clone.py application makes a complete software/configuration copy from one EXOS switch (master) to another (client).
- Cloning performs the following actions:
- copies the EXOS inactive operating system partition
- copies the EXOS active operating system partition
- (optionally) copies the
/usr/local/cfg
directory (see –exos_only option) - copies selected NVRAM elements
- aligns boot partitions with the master switch
There are 2 basic ways to clone:
- Network cloning:
The master and client switches are connected to a network. The client makes a clone of the master across the network.
For network cloning, it is not necessary that the master and client switches are located physically together. As long as the IP address of the master is reachable by the client, the client may be cloned using network cloning.
Example: The master switch is located at the corportate offices in Chicago, USA. A switch is being installed in Paris, France. The new switch in Paris can clone the Chicago master switch over the network.
- USB cloning:
- The master switch image is recorded on a USB memory module which can be used to clone client switches.
Why use cloning?¶
- Complete “One Operation” Copy
Beyond the basic EXOS operating system image, there are additional modules (.xmod), which provide increased EXOS functionality, that may be added to your switches. Switches can contain policy files, scripts, additional configurations and applicaitons.
Or you may create a reference switch with a baseline set of EXOS versions, scripts, policy files etc. just the way you would like all of your EXOS switches to be configured. Use the cloning application to align your new/existing client switches be just like the reference switch.
To align a new/existing client switch with existing switch contents/configurations would require downloading and installing all of the files/components to each client switch. The cloning application makes a complete software copy from onc switch to another in one operation.
(See also: USB Zero Touch Provisioning in EXOS 22.3 for cloning new switches)
- Backup
- The cloning application can also be used to create a complete backup of a switch by cloning to a USB memory module. Both EXOS partitions, and the complete configuration directories are recorded on the USB memory module should the switch need to be restored.
I want to:¶
- Use My Network to:
- Use My USB Memory to:
- Synchonize My Stack:
Clone standalone switch to standalone switch over a network¶
Clone Standalone to Standlone
To clone over a network, both the master and client switch need the cloning applicaiton installed. (see Downloading The Cloning Application)
On the master switch¶
Start the cloning application. This only needs to be done once. The master switch may now serve client requests for cloning from any number of client switches.
Command:
run script clone.py master
Display:
clone.py is started as cloning master
Use "stop" option to stop cloning master services
On the client switch¶
For cloning on the client switch, let’s assume:
- the switch has an IP address either via DHCP or manually configured
- the switch can reach the IP address of the master switch
- Example if the master switch has the IP address
<IP_ADDRESS>
. useping
to test network connectivity from the client to the master switch.
ping vr VR-Mgmt <IP_ADDRESS>
for connectivity by the management portping vr VR-Default <IP_ADDRESS>
for connectivity by the front panel ports
Start the cloning operation on the client switch by entering the following CLI command:
run script clone.py from <IP_ADDRESS>
or to clone only the EXOS software and leave the client configuration unchanged:
run script clone.py from <IP_ADDRESS> --exos_only
Command:
run script clone.py from <IP_ADDRESS>
Display:
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ C A U T I O N +
+ Cloning will replace the EXOS partitions and configuration +
+ on this switch with the contents of the master switch <IP_ADDRESS> +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Do you want to continue cloning? [y/N]: y
clone.py is started as cloning client.
This switch will become a copy of <IP_ADDRESS>
DO NOT REMOVE POWER or REBOOT the switch until the operation is COMPLETE
Starting cloning process
Starting cloning process
Transfering NVRAM information from master switch
...........................
Transfering EXOS partitions and configuration
Transferring /usr/local/cfg directory.
Enabling partition write
Transferring inactive EXOS partition
Preserving file boot/system.cfg
Restoring file boot/system.cfg
......................
Transferring active EXOS partition
Preserving file boot/system.cfg
............
Restoring file boot/system.cfg
................................
Transfering control information from master switch
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/bootsel to /proc/extr/nvram/bootsel
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/cmdline to /proc/extr/nvram/cmdline
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/fsu to /proc/extr/nvram/fsu
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/fsp to /proc/extr/nvram/fsp
Config file fixup for this switch
Rebooting to master switch configuration
You may need to adjust any IP addresses that may have been copied from the master switch
************************
* Cloning COMPLETE *
************************
Rebooting ...
An example of cloning just the EXOS software leaving the local configuration unchanged:
Command using the --exos_only
option:
run script clone.py from <IP_ADDRESS> --exos_only
Display:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ C A U T I O N +
+ Cloning will replace the EXOS partitions on this switch +
+ with the contents of the master switch <IP_ADDRESS> +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Do you want to continue cloning? [y/N]: y
clone.py is started as cloning client.
This switch will become a copy of <IP_ADDRESS>
DO NOT REMOVE POWER or REBOOT the switch until the operation is COMPLETE
Starting cloning process
Starting cloning process
Transfering NVRAM information from master switch
...........................
Transfering EXOS partitions and configuration
Transferring EXOS version information
Enabling partition write
Transferring inactive EXOS partition
Preserving file boot/system.cfg
.
Restoring file boot/system.cfg
.................
Transferring active EXOS partition
Preserving file boot/system.cfg
...
Restoring file boot/system.cfg
..................................
Transfering control information from master switch
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/bootsel to /proc/extr/nvram/bootsel
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/cmdline to /proc/extr/nvram/cmdline
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/fsu to /proc/extr/nvram/fsu
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/fsp to /proc/extr/nvram/fsp
Config file fixup for this switch
Rebooting to master switch EXOS image
************************
* Cloning COMPLETE *
************************
Rebooting ...
Clone a stack node replacement over a network¶
To add or replace a switch in a stack, cloning will convert a standalone switch to a stack member. Stacking attributes, such as slot number, are specified on the command line at the start of the cloning process. Once the new switch has cloned the stack master, it will reboot and become a stack member at the specified slot number.
- When cloning a switch to become a stacking member, additional NVRAM attributes are copied from the stack master to the new switch:
- stacking enabled
- stack MAC
- slot number – either provided or derived from the stacking master
- The
–M
option determines if the master-capable option is enabled.
To clone a new stack member over a network, the stacking master and the new stack member need the cloning applicaiton installed. (see Downloading The Cloning Application)
When cloning a stack member replacement or adding a new stack member to an existing stack, the simplest network configuration uses the switch management ports.
If the switch management port is normally not used, you can use it for cloning by assigning any IP address on the same subnet, such as a private IP <IP_ADDRESS>
for the stack master and <IP_ADDRESS>
for the new client switch, and connect the switch management ports directly to each other.
Example command on the master:
config mgmt ip <IP_ADDRESS>/24
Example command on the new switch:
config mgmt ip <IP_ADDRESS>/24
Clone Add/Replace Stack Switch
- The new/replacement stack member:
- The stacking links must be connected to the new stack member
- The stacking links must be configured properly for that switch type to have stacking connectivity
- Each switch type has different configuration options for enabling and configuring stacking links. See the EXOS users guide for more information
On the stack master¶
Command:
run script clone.py master
Display:
clone.py is started as cloning master
Use "stop" option to stop cloning master services
On the new stack member¶
First configure the switches stacking-support options so that stacking connectivity will be ready once the switch becomes stacking enabled. It is important to perform this step before cloning the new switch. If the switch is cloned as a stacking standby switch, console login and configuration options require contacting a stack master for user authentication. If the stacking links are not configured correctly, then only failsafe login is available
Once the standalone switch stack-support configuration is correct where the switches stack links match the stack, the clone operation will take care of everything else
On the stacking master, use the show stacking
command to see if the new switch stacking links have been configured correctly with stacking-support.
In the examples below, <IP_ADDRESS>
is the IP address of the stacking master
Command:
show stacking
Display:
Stack Topology is a Ring
This node is not in an Active Topology
Node MAC Address Slot Stack State Role Flags
------------------ ---- ----------- ------- ---
*00:04:96:98:94:d3 - Disabled Master --- <-This is the standalone switch
00:04:96:98:87:3a 4 Active Standby --O
0e:00:00:00:00:85 5 Active Standby --O
00:04:96:98:87:54 6 Active Standby --O
0e:00:00:00:00:84 7 Active Standby --O
00:04:96:14:0b:03 8 Active Backup --O
00:04:96:14:0b:04 1 Active Standby --O
0e:00:00:00:00:83 2 Active Master --O
* - Indicates this node
Flags: (C) Candidate for this active topology, (A) Active Node
(O) node may be in Other active topology
- Example:
- Clone new switch as standby slot 3
Command:
run script clone.py from <IP_ADDRESS> -s 3
Display:
#++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ C A U T I O N +
+ Cloning will replace the EXOS partitions and configuration +
+ on this switch with the contents of the master switch <IP_ADDRESS> +
+ +
+ STACKING +
+ You have requested this switch to be cloned to stack <IP_ADDRESS> +
+ Switches have a variety of stacking cabling options. See: +
+ +
+ configure stacking-support ... +
+ and +
+ enable stacking-support +
+ +
+ The stacking-support options MUST already be configured before cloning +
+ for stack connectivity to work correctly +
#++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Do you want to continue cloning? [y/N]: y
clone.py is started as cloning client.
This switch will become a copy of <IP_ADDRESS>
DO NOT REMOVE POWER or REBOOT the switch until the operation is COMPLETE
Starting cloning process
Starting cloning process
Transfering EXOS partitions and configuration
Transferring active EXOS partition.......
Updating active partition
...................................
Transferring inactive EXOS partition...............
Transferring /usr/local/cfg directory....Transfering NVRAM information from master switch
Transfering control information from master switch
Transfering stacking information from master switch
Using first available slot 3
Rebooting to master switch configuration
You may need to adjust any IP addresses that may have been copied from the master switch
#************************
* Cloning COMPLETE *
#************************
Rebooting ...
Display:
Authentication Service (AAA) on the master node is now available for login.
admin
password:
ExtremeXOS
Copyright (C) 1996-2017 Extreme Networks. All rights reserved.
This product is protected by one or more US patents listed at http://www.extremenetworks.com/patents along with their foreign counterparts.
==============================================================================
You are connected to a Standby node. Only a limited command set is supported.
You may use "telnet slot <slot_number>" to connect to the Master node to access
the full set of commands.
You are connected to a standby stack node\'s serial port.
Use "telnet slot <slot_number>" to connect to another node.
Press the <tab> or '?' key at any time for completions.
Remember to save your configuration changes.
After the new stack member switch reboots, you can verify its stack membership.
Command:
Slot-3 Stack.1 > show stacking
Display:
Stack Topology is a Ring
Active Topology is a Ring
Node MAC Address Slot Stack State Role Flags
------------------ ---- ----------- ------- ---
*00:04:96:98:94:d3 3 Active Standby CA-
00:04:96:98:87:3a 4 Active Standby CA-
0e:00:00:00:00:85 5 Active Standby CA-
00:04:96:98:87:54 6 Active Standby CA-
0e:00:00:00:00:84 7 Active Standby CA-
00:04:96:14:0b:03 8 Active Backup CA-
00:04:96:14:0b:04 1 Active Standby CA-
0e:00:00:00:00:83 2 Active Master CA-
* - Indicates this node
Flags: (C) Candidate for this active topology, (A) Active Node
(O) node may be in Other active topology
The ‘*’ next to the top switch indicates the new switches position in the stack. The cloning operation has successfully cloned the switch into the slot 3 position as a standby switch.
On the stack master¶
- Example
- Clone new switch as master-capable backup switch in slot 2
On the master switch:
Command:
Slot-1 Stack.1 > show slot
Display:
Slots Type Configured State Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Slot-1 X450G2-48p-10G4 X450G2-48p-10G4 Operational 52
Slot-2 Empty 28
Slot-3 X450G2-24t-10G4 Operational 28
Slot-4 X450G2-24p-G4 Operational 28
Slot-5 Empty 0
Slot-6 Empty 0
Slot-7 Empty 0
Slot-8 Empty 0
The display shows that slot 2 is missing. This was the backup switch for the stack.
Command:
Slot-1 Stack.3 > run script clone.py master
Display:
clone.py is started as cloning master
Use "stop" option to stop cloning master services
On the new stack member¶
On the new switch, clone the new stack member as master-capable slot 2
Command:
run script clone.py from <IP_ADDRESS> -M -s 2
Display:
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ C A U T I O N +
+ Cloning will replace the EXOS partitions and configuration +
+ on this switch with the contents of the master switch <IP_ADDRESS> +
+ +
+ STACKING +
+ You have requested this switch to be cloned to stack <IP_ADDRESS> +
+ as a stacking master +
+ Switches have a variety of stacking cabling options. See: +
+ +
+ configure stacking-support ... +
+ and +
+ enable stacking-support +
+ +
+ The stacking-support options MUST already be configured before cloning +
+ for stack connectivity to work correctly +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Do you want to continue cloning? [y/N]: y
clone.py is started as cloning client.
This switch will become a copy of <IP_ADDRESS>
DO NOT REMOVE POWER or REBOOT the switch until the operation is COMPLETE
Starting cloning process
Starting cloning process
Transfering NVRAM information from master switch
...........................
Transfering stacking information from master switch
Cannot find stacking node information for slot 2
Adding switch as a new stack member slot 2
Switch will be stacking master capable
Transfering EXOS partitions and configuration
Transferring /usr/local/cfg directory.
Enabling partition write
Transferring inactive EXOS partition
Preserving file boot/system.cfg
Restoring file boot/system.cfg
........
Transferring active EXOS partition
Preserving file boot/system.cfg
.....
Restoring file boot/system.cfg
........
Transfering control information from master switch
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/bootsel to /proc/extr/nvram/bootsel
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/cmdline to /proc/extr/nvram/cmdline
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/fsu to /proc/extr/nvram/fsu
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/fsp to /proc/extr/nvram/fsp
Config file fixup for this switch
Rebooting to master switch configuration
You may need to adjust any IP addresses that may have been copied from the master switch
************************
* Cloning COMPLETE *
************************
Rebooting ...
Checking to see the results of cloning a new stack backup switch.
Command:
Slot-2 Stack.1 > show switch
Display:
SysName: Stack
SysLocation:
SysContact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>+1<PHONE_NUMBER>
System MAC: 0E:00:00:00:00:83
System Type: X450G2-24p-10G4 (Stack)
SysHealth check: Enabled (Normal)
Recovery Mode: All
System Watchdog: Enabled
Current Time: Fri Nov 17 11:01:57 2017
Timezone: [Auto DST Disabled] GMT Offset: 0 minutes, name is UTC.
Boot Time: Fri Nov 17 10:57:14 2017
Boot Count: 643
Next Reboot: None scheduled
System UpTime: 20 hours 23 minutes 53 seconds
Slot: Slot-2 * Slot-1
------------------------ ------------------------
Current State: BACKUP (In Sync) MASTER
Image Selected: primary primary
Image Booted: primary primary
Primary ver: <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>
Secondary ver: <IP_ADDRESS> <IP_ADDRESS>
Config Selected: primary.cfg
Config Booted: primary.cfg
primary.cfg Created by ExtremeXOS version <IP_ADDRESS>
754635 bytes saved on Thu Nov 16 14:30:15 2017
The new switch was correctly cloned to slot 2 as the backup switch.
Clone an entire stack over a network¶
EXOS 22.2 is a minimum requirement for using the cloning application ‘Stack Cloning’ capability. Each stack member switch must be running EXOS 22.2 or later.
To clone over a network, both the master stack and new stack switch need the cloning applicaiton installed. (see Downloading The Cloning Application)
When constucting a new stack, it is sometimes challenging to get the right software on the standalone switches to correctly form a stack. Aligning the boot partition of all the stack member switches is also important for future sofware upgrades. Using the cloning application, the process of geting the right software on each of the stack memers is simplified.
Clone Entire Stack
On the master stack¶
Start the cloning application. This only needs to be done once. The master switch may now serve client requests for cloning.
Command:
run script clone.py master
Display:
clone.py is started as cloning master
Use "stop" option to stop cloning master services
On the new stack¶
- Cloning cannot assist with getting the stacking link connectivity correct. Each switch type has unique configurations for
enable stacking-support
config stacking easy-setup
It doesn’t matter if the switches have mismatched software, or the boot partitions do not align. The cloning application will take care of that.
Check the new stack to see the current status
Command:
Slot-1 Stack.1 > show slot
Display:
Slots Type Configured State Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Slot-1 X450G2-48p-10G4 X450G2-48p-10G4 Operational 52
Slot-2 X450G2-24p-10G4 Failed 28
Slot-3 X450G2-24t-10G4 Failed 28
Slot-4 X450G2-24p-G4 Failed 28
Slot-5 Empty 0
Slot-6 Empty 0
Slot-7 Empty 0
Slot-8 Empty 0
The stack has been formed with some kind of software on all of the switches. The display shows that slots 2,3,4 are incompatible with the stack master.
In this example, the new stack is cloned from the master stack. The master stack IP address is <IP_ADDRESS>
.
The stack cloning operation is performed in 2 steps:
- clone the new stack master switch from the master stack
- synchronize the rest of the new stack members with the new stack master switch using the EXOS autoexec.xsf capability
Depending on the types of switches, the stack cloning operation may take 4-5 minutes per stack member. Newer switches take less time.
First step: Start the cloning application on the new stack master switch. It will clone the new stack master switch from the master stack.
Command:
run script clone.py from <IP_ADDRESS>
Display:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ C A U T I O N +
+ Cloning will replace the EXOS partitions and configuration +
+ on this switch with the contents of the master switch <IP_ADDRESS> +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Do you want to continue cloning? [y/N]: y
No more user input is needed after the question is answered.
Display:
clone.py is started as cloning client.
This switch will become a copy of <IP_ADDRESS>
DO NOT REMOVE POWER or REBOOT the switch until the operation is COMPLETE
Cloning stack master. DO NOT REBOOT OR POWER CYCLE this switch
Starting cloning process
Starting cloning process
Saving configuration primary.cfg on master ..... done!
..........
Transfering NVRAM information from master switch
...........................
Transfering EXOS partitions and configuration
Transferring /usr/local/cfg directory.
Enabling partition write
Transferring inactive EXOS partition
Preserving file boot/system.cfg
.
Restoring file boot/system.cfg
..........
Transferring active EXOS partition
Preserving file boot/system.cfg
....
Restoring file boot/system.cfg
......
Transfering control information from master switch
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/bootsel to /proc/extr/nvram/bootsel
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/cmdline to /proc/extr/nvram/cmdline
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/fsu to /proc/extr/nvram/fsu
Copying remote file /proc/extr/nvram/fsp to /proc/extr/nvram/fsp
Config file fixup for this switch
.
Rebooting to master switch configuration
You may need to adjust any IP addresses that may have been copied from the master switch
Rebooting ...
reboot: Restarting system
Copyright 2014 Extreme Networks, Inc.
Starting CRC of Default image
Using Default image ...
Copyright 2014 Extreme Networks, Inc.
Press and hold the <spacebar> to enter the bootrom: 0
Loading Secondary OS Image
Starting ExtremeXOS 22.2.1b5
Copyright (C) 1996-2017 Extreme Networks. All rights reserved.
This product is protected by one or more US patents listed at http://www.extremenetworks.com/patents along with their foreign counterparts.
(pending-AAA) login:
Authentication Service (AAA) on the master node is now available for login.
At this point, the new stack master switch has been cloned from the master stack.
The cloning application performs the next step where the new master sychronizes the rest of the new stack members.
There may be a few minute delay at this point while EXOS prepares to run the autoexec.xsf script to finish the stack cloning operation.
Display:
Loading autoexec.xsf.
*********************
CLONING STACK MEMBERS
*********************
Cloning slot 4 started
............................................................................
Slot 4 cloning COMPLETE
Cloning slot 3 started
.........................................................
Slot 3 cloning COMPLETE
Cloning slot 2 started
..........................................................
Slot 2 cloning COMPLETE
****************
CLONING COMPLETE
****************
Script Loaded Successfully.
The output of loading autoexec script can be seen by executing "show script output autoexec".
Clone standalone switch to standalone switch using USB memory¶
Customers can create a complete switch image and store it on USB memory. The clone.py application is also stored on the USB memory. The USB memory can then be used to clone other switches, or restore a switch to the state when the switch information was saved to USB. In EXOS 22.3, a clone image stored on USB memory may be used to auto clone a switch using the USBZTP feature. (See USB ZTP for more details.)
Clone To/From USB Memory
Copying a switch to USB¶
Copying the entire contents of a switch to a USB memory module is the same procedure for both a standalone and a stack image.
Clone a switch to USB memory
Command:
# run script clone.py usb -o
Display:
clone: <IP_ADDRESS>
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Clone EXOS and configuration partitions on this switch to the file: +
+ /usr/local/ext/xos1439G-00484_2018-02-04_2037.cln +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Do you want to continue cloning? [y/N]: y
.......................................
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 459603456 Feb 4 20:38 /usr/local/ext/xos1439G-00484_2018-02-04_2037.cln
1K-blocks Used Available Use%
7848960<PHONE_NUMBER>976 6%
************************
* Cloning COMPLETE *
************************
The image file name contains the switch serial number, date and time the clone image was created.
USB to switch¶
To create a standalone clone from a USB memory module, insert the USB memory into the switch.
Using the ls /usr/local/ext
command, determine the name of the clone image file (ending wiht .cln)
Command:
# ls /usr/local/ext
Display:
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 149626 Feb 4 20:38 clone.py
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 459603456 Feb 4 20:38 xos1439G-00484_2018-02-04_2037.cln
Enter the command to clone the switch from the desired file name on the USB memory module:
Command:
run script clone.py usb -i xos1439G-00484_2018-02-04_2037.cln
Display:
clone: <IP_ADDRESS>
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ C A U T I O N +
+ Cloning will replace the EXOS partitions and configuration +
+ on this switch with the contents of the usb file +
+ /usr/local/ext/xos1439G-00484_2018-02-04_2037.cln +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Do you want to continue cloning? [y/N]: y
DO NOT REMOVE POWER or REBOOT the switch until the operation is COMPLETE
Switch will reboot when cloning is COMPLETE
...
Transfering NVRAM information from USB
..........................
Transferring /usr/local/cfg directory
Transferring inactive EXOS partition from USB
..........
Transferring active EXOS partition from USB
.............
Config file fixup for this switch
..
****************************
* USB Cloning COMPLETE *
****************************
reboot: Restarting system
Clone an entire stack using USB memory¶
Cloning an entire stack from a USB memory module has the same requirements as cloning a stack over the networks. Clone an entire stack over a network.
Instead of cloning the new stack over the network, an existing stack master image is copied to a USB memory module using the procedure Copying a switch to USB.
Copy Existing Stack Master to USB
Once you have formed the new stack and are ready to clone it using the image captured on a USB memory module.
Insert the USB into the new stack master. Note: The clone image must come from another stack
Copy USB to New Stack Master
Command:
# run script clone.py usb -i /usr/local/ext/xos1031G-00001_2018-02-02_1351.cln
While the new stack master is performing the cloning operation, the other switches in the new stack may reboot.
Display:
clone: <IP_ADDRESS>
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ C A U T I O N +
+ Cloning will replace the EXOS partitions and configuration +
+ on this switch with the contents of the usb file +
+ /usr/local/ext/xos1031G-00001_2018-02-02_1351.cln +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Do you want to continue cloning? [y/N]: y
DO NOT REMOVE POWER or REBOOT the switch until the operation is COMPLETE
Switch will reboot when cloning is COMPLETE
......
Transfering NVRAM information from USB
.........................
Transferring /usr/local/cfg directory
.
Transferring inactive EXOS partition from USB
....
Preserving file alt/boot/system.cfg
....
Restoring file alt/boot/system.cfg
Transferring active EXOS partition from USB
.....
Preserving file boot/system.cfg
...
Restoring file boot/system.cfg
Config file fixup for this switch
..
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ CLONING will continue to synchronize the remaining stack members +
+ after the stack reboots +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
reboot: Restarting system
The new stack master switch will reboot at this point. Once the new stack master has rebooted, it will synchronize the remaining stack members using the EXOS autoexec.xsf facility. Stack members will be cloned based on stack link distance from the master. Switches furthest away from the master, via stack links, will be cloned first.
Display:
(pending-AAA) login:
Authentication Service (AAA) on the master node is now available for login.
Loading autoexec.xsf.
*********************
CLONING STACK MEMBERS
*********************
clone: <IP_ADDRESS>
Cloning slot 4 started
........................................................
Slot 4 cloning COMPLETE
Cloning slot 3 started
....................................................................
Slot 3 cloning COMPLETE
Cloning slot 2 started
.......................................................
Slot 2 cloning COMPLETE
****************
CLONING COMPLETE
****************
Script Loaded Successfully.
The output of loading autoexec script can be seen by executing "show script output autoexec".
Synchonize an entire stack to the master¶
Beginning with EXOS 22.2, the move of functionality from the Linux kernel to user space rendered the stacking command synchronize slot <> unfunctional. While the CLI remained the same, the implementation was replaced by the clone.py application.
In this mode the clone.py application uses the stacking link to copy the file system partitions and stacking NVRAM objects from the stack master to the specified slot
EXOS sync slot command
When using the CLI command to start the clone.py application, only one slot may be specified.
When running the clone.py application directly, any number of slots including the keyword ‘all’ may be specified. If more that one slot is specified, the master is cloned to each slot one at a time. Early versions would clone the entire stack at once but ran into issues if some slots finished and rebooted, disrupting the stack link to other switches that had not completed the cloning operation.
Application Description¶
The clone.py application uses a master/client model. The master use the Linux tar utility to tar the EXOS partitions directly to a socket connection to the client. The client uses the Linux tar utility to read the input directly from the socket connect to the master.
There are no intermediate tar files created on either the master or client switch.
Master¶
When the clone.py is run on a switch as a master, it acts as a server an listens for connection requests from clone.py applications running as clients.
The master will serve up to 8 cloning clients at a time. The master listens on VR-Mgmt and VR-Default for external client requests and VR-Control for stacking cloning requests.
Client¶
When the clone.py application runs as a client, it attempts to connect with the clone master on VR-Mgmt and VR-Default for standalone operations, and VR-Control for synchronize slot <>.
USB¶
When the clone.py application is used to create a clone image on the USB memory, it creates a file with a .cln suffix
When the clone.py application is used to reimage a switch, the file name is provided in the command. Typically it will be the <file>.cln created by the creation process
Downloading The Cloning Application¶
If the EXOS switch can connect with the github directly, use the following CLI command to upgrade clone.py to the latest version:
Using the management port
download url https://github.com/extremenetworks/EXOS_Apps/raw/master/Clone/summitX-clone-<IP_ADDRESS>.xmod
or
download url https://github.com/extremenetworks/EXOS_Apps/raw/master/Clone/onie-clone-<IP_ADDRESS>.xmod
Using a front panel port
download url https://github.com/extremenetworks/EXOS_Apps/raw/master/Clone/summitX-clone-<IP_ADDRESS>.xmod vr VR-Default
or
download url https://github.com/extremenetworks/EXOS_Apps/raw/master/Clone/onie-clone-<IP_ADDRESS>.xmod vr VR-Default
EXOS Command Line¶
Top level help¶
There are multiple levels of help available in clone.py. The top level help displays the clone.py options. Each option may have additional help.
 Useful after upgrade
show Show the running status of clone.
from Cloning this switch from the <ipaddress> provided.
usb Cloning this switch to/from the usb memory at
/usr/local/ext/
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-d, --debug Enable debug
master
¶
Start clone.py as a server for other clone.py clients.  A message displays whether clone.py is stopped or was not running
Command:
run script clone.py stop
Display:
Stopping clone.py
clone.py is stopped
Command:
run script clone.py stop
Display:
clone.py is not running
restart
¶
Used after upgrading clone.py, E.g. if clone.py was running as a clone master, this is equivalent of combining the stop, master commands
Command:
run script clone.py restart
Display:
Restarting clone.py
clone.py has been restarted
show
¶
Displays if clone.py is running and the version number
Command:
run script clone.py show
Display:
clone.py Version: <IP_ADDRESS> is running
Command:
run script clone.py show
Display:
clone.py Version: <IP_ADDRESS> is not running
from
¶
from help
¶
getting help for the from
option
Command:
run script clone.py from -h
Display:
usage: clone from [-h] [-f] [-s STACKING_SLOT] [-M] [-e] <ipaddress>
positional arguments:
<ipaddress> The IP address of the master switch you are cloning to
this switch
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-f, --force Force the cloning operation. Do not ask for
confirmation
-s STACKING_SLOT, --stacking_slot STACKING_SLOT
Also clone stacking information from a stack slot.
Slot 0 finds the lowest available slot number
-M, --stacking_master
For stacking, enable this switch to be master_capable
-e, --exos_only Only clone EXOS partitions. Do not clone the
configuration
<ipaddress>
- The ipaddress of the switch running clone.py as a master. E.g. run script clone.py from <IP_ADDRESS> will attempt to contact a clone.py master running on <IP_ADDRESS> on both the VR-Mgmt and VR-Default VRs
-h
- show this help message and exit
-f, --force
- By default, clone.py prompts for a confirmation if it should proceed with the cloning operation. If clone.py is used by another script or CLI command, the prompt is not desired. The –force optoin bypasses the confirmation promt
-s, --stacking_slot <slot>
- This option is used to tell clone.py to clone the switch as a member of a stack. The <ipaddress> is the stack masters IP address and clone.py is running as a clone master on the stack master. The slot can be provided so that the switch will have that stacking slot number when cloning is complete, or slot number can be 0. If slot is 0, clone.py will ask the stacking master which slot number is the first available
-M, --stacking_master
- When –s is specified indicating that clone.py is cloning the switch to be a stack member, the default behavior is to configure the switch as a standby node. Using this option, the switch is configured to be
stacking master-capable on
-e, --exos_only
- If this option is provided, the
/usr/local/cfg
partition is not copied from the clone master. This is usefule to synchronize /exos, /boot, /alt/exos, /alt/boot and which is the boot partition. It is faster that performing 2 upgrades and aligning which is the booted image using conventional CLI commands. The contents of the/usr/local/cfg
partition are unaffected
from
Standalone to Standalone¶
Creating a standalone clone from a standalone master. In this example clone.py is running as master on <IP_ADDRESS>
Command:
run script clone.py from <IP_ADDRESS>
Display:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ C A U T I O N +
+ Cloning will replace the EXOS partitions and configuration +
+ on this switch with the contents of the master switch <IP_ADDRESS> +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Do you want to continue cloning? [y/N]: y
clone.py is started as cloning client.
This switch will become a copy of <IP_ADDRESS>
DO NOT REMOVE POWER or REBOOT the switch until the operation is COMPLETE
Starting cloning process
Starting cloning process
Transfering EXOS partitions and configuration
Transferring active EXOS partition...............
Updating active partition
..................................................
Transferring inactive EXOS partition........................
Transferring /usr/local/cfg directory..........
Transfering NVRAM information from master switch
Transfering control information from master switch
Rebooting to master switch configuration
You may need to adjust any IP addresses that may have been copied from the master switch
************************
* Cloning COMPLETE *
************************
Rebooting ...
from
Stack to Standalone¶
This example shows a standalone switch being cloned from a stack master. The –s or –stacking_slot <slot> tells clone.py the type of clone to be done
When cloning to become a stacking member, additional NVRAM attributes are copied * stacking enabled * stack MAC * slot number – either provided or derived from the stacking master * The –M option determines if the master-capable option is enabled.
On the stack master
Command:
Stack.1 > run script clone.py master
Display:
clone.py is started as cloning master
Use "stop" option to stop cloning master services
Slot-2 Stack.2 #
On the standalone switch First configure the switches stacking-support options so that stacking connectivity will be ready once the switch becomes stacking enabled. It is important to perform this step before cloning the standalone switch. If the switch is cloned as a stacking standby switch, console login and configuration options require contacting a stack master for user authentication. If the stacking links are not configured correctly, then only failsafe login is available
Once the standalone switch stack-support configuration is correct so the switches stack links match the stack, the clone operation will take care of everything else
Use the show stacking
command to see if the stacking links have been configured correctly with stacking-support.
Command:
> show stacking
Display:
Stack Topology is a Ring
This node is not in an Active Topology
Node MAC Address Slot Stack State Role Flags
------------------ ---- ----------- ------- ---
*00:04:96:98:94:d3 - Disabled Master --- <-This is the standalone switch
00:04:96:98:87:3a 4 Active Standby --O
0e:00:00:00:00:85 5 Active Standby --O
00:04:96:98:87:54 6 Active Standby --O
0e:00:00:00:00:84 7 Active Standby --O
00:04:96:14:0b:03 8 Active Backup --O
00:04:96:14:0b:04 1 Active Standby --O
0e:00:00:00:00:83 2 Active Master --O
* - Indicates this node
Flags: (C) Candidate for this active topology, (A) Active Node
(O) node may be in Other active topology
Example: Clone as standby, let the stacking master select the first availabe slot number
Command:
> run script clone.py from <IP_ADDRESS> -s 0
Display:
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ C A U T I O N +
+ Cloning will replace the EXOS partitions and configuration +
+ on this switch with the contents of the master switch <IP_ADDRESS> +
+ +
+ STACKING +
+ You have requested this switch to be cloned to stack <IP_ADDRESS> +
+ Switches have a variety of stacking cabling options. See: +
+ +
+ configure stacking-support ... +
+ and +
+ enable stacking-support +
+ +
+ The stacking-support options MUST already be configured before cloning +
+ for stack connectivity to work correctly +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Do you want to continue cloning? [y/N]: y
clone.py is started as cloning client.
This switch will become a copy of <IP_ADDRESS>
DO NOT REMOVE POWER or REBOOT the switch until the operation is COMPLETE
* > Starting cloning process
Starting cloning process
Transfering EXOS partitions and configuration
Transferring active EXOS partition.......
Updating active partition
...................................
Transferring inactive EXOS partition...............
Transferring /usr/local/cfg directory....Transfering NVRAM information from master switch
Transfering control information from master switch
Transfering stacking information from master switch
Using first available slot 3
Rebooting to master switch configuration
You may need to adjust any IP addresses that may have been copied from the master switch
************************
* Cloning COMPLETE *
************************
Rebooting ...
reboot: Restarting system
Copyright 2014 Extreme Networks, Inc.
Starting CRC of Default image
Using Default image ...
Copyright 2014 Extreme Networks, Inc.
Press and hold the <spacebar> to enter the bootrom: 0
Loading Primary OS Image
Starting ExtremeXOS 22.2.0b38
Copyright (C) 1996-2017 Extreme Networks. All rights reserved.
 All rights reserved.
This product is protected by one or more US patents listed at http://www.extremenetworks.com/patents along with their foreign counterparts.
==============================================================================
You are connected to a Standby node. Only a limited command set is supported.
You may use "telnet slot <slot_number>" to connect to the Master node to access
the full set of commands.
You are connected to a standby stack node's serial port.
Use "telnet slot <slot_number>" to connect to another node.
Press the <tab> or '?' key at any time for completions.
Remember to save your configuration changes.
* Slot-3 Stack.1 > show stacking
Display:
Stack Topology is a Ring
Active Topology is a Ring
Node MAC Address Slot Stack State Role Flags
------------------ ---- ----------- ------- ---
*00:04:96:98:94:d3 3 Active Standby CA-
00:04:96:98:87:3a 4 Active Standby CA-
0e:00:00:00:00:85 5 Active Standby CA-
00:04:96:98:87:54 6 Active Standby CA-
0e:00:00:00:00:84 7 Active Standby CA-
00:04:96:14:0b:03 8 Active Backup CA-
00:04:96:14:0b:04 1 Active Standby CA-
0e:00:00:00:00:83 2 Active Master CA-
* - Indicates this node
Flags: (C) Candidate for this active topology, (A) Active Node
(O) node may be in Other active topology
* Slot-3 Stack.2 >
usb
¶
This option is used to create a clone image file on USB memory
usb help
¶
Command:
run script clone.py usb -h
Display:
usage: clone usb [-h] [-f] [-e] [-i USB_INPUT | -o | -v USB_FILE]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-f, --force Force the cloning operation. Do not ask for
confirmation
-e, --exos_only Only clone EXOS partitions. Do not clone the
configuration
-i USB_INPUT, --usb_input USB_INPUT
The clone input file name on /usr/local/ext/<file>
-o Create a clone of this switch in /usr/local/ext/<file>
-v USB_FILE, --usb_file USB_FILE
Display the EXOS versions contained in a clone file
/usr/local/ext/
-h
- show this help message and exit
-f, --force
- By default, clone.py prompts for a confirmation if it should proceed with the cloning operation. If clone.py is used by another script or CLI command, the prompt is not desired. The –force optoin bypasses the confirmation promt
-e, --exos_only
- If this option is provided, the
/usr/local/cfg
partition is not copied from the clone master. This is usefule to synchronize /exos, /boot, /alt/exos, /alt/boot and which is the boot partition. It is faster that performing 2 upgrades and aligning which is the booted image using conventional CLI commands. The contents of the/usr/local/cfg
partition are unaffected. -i USB_INPUT, --usb_input USB_INPUT
- When cloning a switch from a USB memory file created by
usb –o
, this option specifies the file name of theclone.py –o <filename>
used as input to the clone.py application. -o
- clone.py creates a clone image file on USB memory
/usr/local/ext
-v USB_FILE, --usb_file USB_FILE
- Show the EXOS versions of a file created by usb –o. The EXOS versions for /exos and /alt/exos are useful pieces of information to know when cloning a new switch. This command extracts the EXOS versions from the .cln file and displays the EXOS versions.
usb -o
¶
This option creates a clone image file on USB memory, Using the –e (–exos_only) option, the /usr/local/cfg
partition is not included in the clone file.
This option requires a USB memory is inserted into the switches USB port. USB memory is mounted on directory /usr/local/ext
.
Command:
run script clone.py usb -o -e
Display:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Clone EXOS partitions on this switch to the file: +
+ /usr/local/ext/xos1405G-00125_2017-01-21_1757.cln +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Do you want to continue cloning? [y/N]: y
......................................
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 453981696 Jan 21 17:58 /usr/local/ext/xos1405G-00125_2017-01-21_1757.cln
1K-blocks Used Available Use%
7958912<PHONE_NUMBER>484 6%
************************
* Cloning COMPLETE *
************************
In the example above, the clone file name xos1405G-00125_2017-01-21_1757.cln has the following parts * xos – constant identifying this file was create from EXOS erial number of the switch used to create the clone image file * 2017-01-21_1757 – The date and time the clone image file was create * .cln – file suffix indicating this file was created by clone.py
In addition to creating the clone image, the clone.py application is also copied ot the USB memory.
See clone.pyc in the example below:
Command:
ls /usr/local/ext
Display:
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 81344 Jan 21 17:58 clone.pyc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 453981696 Jan 21 17:58 xos1405G-00125_2017-01-21_1757.cln
1K-blocks Used Available Use%
7958912<PHONE_NUMBER>484 6%
Including the clone.py on the USB memory makes it easier to insert this USB memory into other switches and image them. The application is already included on the USB memory so it will not be necessary to install it on the new switch.
usb –i <file>
¶
This option will clone a new switch from a file on USB memory.
Command:
run script clone.py usb -i xos1405G-00125_2017-01-21_1757.cln
Display:
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ C A U T I O N +
+ Cloning will replace the EXOS partitions and configuration +
+ on this switch with the contents of the usb file +
+ /usr/local/ext/xos1405G-00125_2017-01-21_1757.cln +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Do you want to continue cloning? [y/N]: y
DO NOT REMOVE POWER or REBOOT the switch until the operation is COMPLETE
Switch will reboot when cloning is COMPLETE
Transferring /usr/local/cfg directory
...
Transferring inactive EXOS partition
...........
Transferring active EXOS partition
..............
****************************
* USB Cloning COMPLETE *
****************************
...reboot: Restarting system
Using the –e option will only image the EXOS partitions. The /usr/local/cfg
partition will not be included in the cloning process
Command:
run script clone.py usb -i xos1405G-00125_2017-01-21_1757.cln -e
Display:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ C A U T I O N +
+ Cloning will replace the EXOS partitions on this switch +
+ with the contents of the usb file +
+ /usr/local/ext/xos1405G-00125_2017-01-21_1757.cln +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Do you want to continue cloning? [y/N]: y
DO NOT REMOVE POWER or REBOOT the switch until the operation is COMPLETE
Switch will reboot when cloning is COMPLETE
Transferring inactive EXOS partition
.................
Transferring active EXOS partition
...........
****************************
* USB Cloning COMPLETE *
****************************
.....reboot: Restarting system
usb –v
¶
A clone image file created by usb –o contains serial number, date and time, but does not tell much about the contents of the file.
The –v
option inspects the contents and reports which EXOS versions are stored.
Command:
run script clone.py usb -v xos1405G-00125_2017-01-21_1757.cln
Display:
File: /usr/local/ext/xos1405G-00125_2017-01-21_1757.cln
Contains:
EXOS: <IP_ADDRESS>
EXOS: <IP_ADDRESS>
slot
¶
See EXOS synchronize slot
command


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|
Standard Reference Data Program |
Data Gateway |
Chemistry WebBook |
|
Go To: Top, Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes / Error Report
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data evaluated as indicated in comments:
HL - E.P. Hunter and S.G. Lias
L - S.G. Lias
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - J.E. Bartmess
LLK - S.G. Lias, R.D. Levin, and S.A. Kafafi
RDSH - H.M. Rosenstock, K. Draxl, B.W. Steiner, and J.T. Herron
View reactions leading to CN+ (ion structure unspecified)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IE (evaluated) | 13.598 | eV | N/A | N/A | L |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔfH°(+) ion | 1750. ± 4. | kJ/mol | N/A | N/A |
| EA (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.8620 ± 0.0050 | LPES | Bradforth, Kim, et al., 1993 | B |
| 3.852 ± 0.091 | D-EA | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
| 3.820 ± 0.020 | PD | Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1969 | B |
| 5.68 ± 0.20 | R-A | DeCorpo, Bafus, et al., 1971 | From MeCN; B |
| 3.1612 | SI | Chamberlin, Page, et al., 1974 | The Magnetron method, lacking mass analysis, is not considered reliable.; B |
| 2.784 | SI | Page, 1972 | The Magnetron method, lacking mass analysis, is not considered reliable.; B |
| 2.800 ± 0.020 | SI | Napper and Page, 1963 | New DH(H-CN) used The Magnetron method, lacking mass analysis, is not considered reliable.; B |
| IE (eV) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14.17 | EVAL | Huber and Herzberg, 1979 | LLK |
| 14.03 ± 0.02 | DER | Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1969 | RDSH |
| ≤14.20 ± 0.02 | DER | Dibeler and Liston, 1967 | RDSH |
| 14.2 ± 0.3 | EI | Berkowitz, 1962 | RDSH |
| 14.5 ± 0.2 | EI | Dibeler, Reese, et al., 1961 | RDSH |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 1468.2 ± 0.84 | kJ/mol | D-EA | Bradforth, Kim, et al., 1993 | gas phase; B |
| ΔrH° | 1469. ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | G+TS | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 1437.6 ± 1.3 | kJ/mol | H-TS | Bradforth, Kim, et al., 1993 | gas phase; B |
| ΔrG° | 1438. ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | IMRE | Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979 | gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B |
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes / Error Report
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: K.P. Huber and G. Herzberg
| State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theoretical work Purcell, 1967 Heil and Schaefer, 1971 Schaefer and Heil, 1971 Green, 1972 Das, Janis, et al., 1974. RKR Potential curves Fallon, Vanderslice, et al., 1962 Brocklehurst, Hebert, et al., 1971 Rao and Lakshman, 1972.Franck-Condon factors Halmann and Laulicht, 1966 Rao and Lakshman, 1972, and ref. In Ortenberg and Antropov, 1967 Brocklehurst, Hebert, et al., 1971. | ||||||||||||
| J 2ΔI | 65258.19 1 | 1121.76 Z | 14.203 | 0.180 | 1.3052 | 0.0208 | 5.8E-6 | 1.4137 | J → A R | 55667.14 2 Z | ||
| missing citation | ||||||||||||
| H 2Π(r) | [61969.7] 3 | [1.520] | [1.310] | H → B R | 35140.84 2 Z | |||||||
| Douglas and Routly, 1955 | ||||||||||||
| G 2Π | [61655.0] 4 5 | [1.085] 4 | [1.551] | G → B R | 34826.10 4 Z | |||||||
| Douglas and Routly, 1955; Lutz, 1970 | ||||||||||||
| State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
| F 2Δr | 60095.64 $I | 1239.50 Z | 12.75 | 1.3834 | 0.0187 | 7E-6 | 1.3732 | F → A R | 50563.80 2 Z | |||
| missing citation; Jha and Rao, 1966; Lutz, 1971 | ||||||||||||
| E 2Σ+ | 59151.18 | 1681.43 Z | 3.60 | -1.02 | 1.4871 | 0.00643 | -0.00077 | 5.0E-6 | 1.3245 | E → A R | 49842.47 | |
| missing citation; Lutz, 1971 | ||||||||||||
| E ↔ X R | 58959.85 Z | |||||||||||
| missing citation; missing citation | ||||||||||||
| D 2ΠI | 54486.3 6 | 1004.71 7 Z | 8.78 | 1.162 7 | 0.013 | 7E-6 | 1.498 | D → A R | 44838.08 2 z | |||
| missing citation | ||||||||||||
| D → X R | 53955.46 | |||||||||||
| missing citation | ||||||||||||
| State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
| a 4Σ(+) | (32400) 8 | |||||||||||
| B 2Σ+ | 25752.0 | 2163.9 9 Z | 20.2 10 | 1.973 9 | 0.023 10 | [6.6E-6] | 1.15 | B → A V | 16680.46 | |||
| LeBlanc, 1968; missing citation | ||||||||||||
| 11 | B ↔ X 12 13 VR | 25797.84 14 | ||||||||||
| missing citation; missing citation; White, 1940; Feast, 1949; Douglas and Routly, 1955; Kiess and Broida, 1961; LeBlanc, 1968, 2; Engleman, 1974 | ||||||||||||
| A 2ΠI | 9245.28 15 | 1812.56 16 Z | 12.609 | -0.0118 | 1.7151 16 | 0.01708 | -0.0000364 | 5.93E-6 16 | 0.0425E-6 | 1.2333 | A ↔ X 17 18 R | 9117.38 2 Z |
| missing citation; Parker, 1932; Herzberg and Phillips, 1948; Douglas and Routly, 1955; Kiess and Broida, 1961; Davis and Phillips, 1963; Weinberg, Fishburne, et al., 1967; LeBlanc, 1968, 2; missing citation | ||||||||||||
| 19 | ||||||||||||
| State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
| X 2Σ+ | 0 | 2068.59 Z | 13.087 20 | -0.009093 | 1.89974 14 | 0.017369 | -0.00003107 21 | 6.40E-6 | 0.000000012 22 | 1.17182 23 | ||
| Phillips, 1973; Treffers, 1975 | ||||||||||||
| Microwave sp. 24 | ||||||||||||
| Penzias, Wilson, et al., 1974; Turner and Gammon, 1975 | ||||||||||||
| ESR sp. 25 | ||||||||||||
| Easley and Weltner, 1970; Adrian and Bowers, 1976 |
| 1 | A0 = -26.90, A1 = -25.67, A2 = -25.40, A3 = -24.97; recalculated from Carroll, 1956 with an improved A0 for A 2Πi. |
| 2 | Refers to the zero point of the Hill-Van Vleck formula for Λ ≠ 0 states. |
| 3 | A0 = (+)49.57. |
| 4 | Vibrational numbering unknown; only the v'>1 band at 32702.60 cm-1 was identified. See also Schaefer and Heil, 1971. |
| 5 | |A| smaller than in the D state. |
| 6 | A0 = -3.03. |
| 7 | Vibrational numbering uncertain. |
| 8 | Predicted by ab initio calculations Heil and Schaefer, 1971, Schaefer and Heil, 1971. This state is probably responsible for the small perturbation in v=11, N = 20 of B 2Σ+ Coxon, Ramsay, et al., 1975; see also Coxon, Setser, et al., 1973. |
| 9 | From Douglas and Routly, 1955; much improved ΔG(v+1/2), Bv, Dv values for v≤7 in Engleman, 1974, but no equilibrium constants given. Spin-rotation interaction constant γ0= +0.01565 [from the magnetic resonance spectrum Cook and Levy, 1973], for higher v see Engleman, 1974. Perturbations by A 2Π (in v=0 at N=4, 7, 11, 15; see 16), and by a 4Σ(+) (see 8). From Stark effect of the P(1) and R(0) lines in the B-X, 0-0 band Thomson and Dalby, 1968 determine for the B state μel (-CN+) = 1.15 D. |
| 10 | The ΔG and Bv curves are strongly non-linear. |
| 11 | [For a comprehensive review of molecular data on the B-X system including a bibliography of references prior to 1972 see Brocklehurst, Hebert, et al., 1971]. |
| 12 | Radiative lifetime τ(v=0)= 65.6 ns for the unperturbed levels and 72 ns for the perturbed N=4 level [tunable laser excitation Jackson, 1974]. Phase shift measurements give 59 ns for v=0-2, in good agreement with the direct decay measurements, 60.8 ns, of Luk and Bersohn, 1973. From the zero-electric-field-limit linewidth of the anticrossing spectrum Cook and Levy, 1972 derive 39 ns. The electronic f value for the B-X system at 3860 , f = 0.033, is primarily based on shock tube emission and absorption measurements; for a review see Arnold and Nicholls, 1973. |
| 13 | For 0-0, 0-1, 0-2 bands of 13C14N see Jenkins and Wooldridge, 1938. |
| 14 | Spin-splitting constant γ0 = +0.00725, from the microwave spectrum Penzias, Wilson, et al., 1974 Turner and Gammon, 1975; see also Poletto and Rigutti, 1965, Engleman, 1974. μel(+CN-) = 1.45 D from Stark effect in the B-X, 0-0 band Thomson and Dalby, 1968. |
| 15 | Av = -52.64 + 0.0365v + 0.0086v2, v≤12 Poletto and Rigutti, 1965. |
| 16 | The vibrational and rotational constants given here are those of Poletto and Rigutti, 1965 based on the measurements of Davis and Phillips, 1963; see also Douglas and Routly, 1955. More elaborate evaluations, primarily intended to assist in the identification of CN lines in the solar spectrum, have been published by Swensson, Benedict, et al., 1970 and Fay, Marenin, et al., 1971; note, however, that the constants tabulated in Swensson, Benedict, et al., 1970 are not the usual Dunham coefficients. An extension of the system to bands with v'≤ 25 LeBlanc, 1968, 2 requires the use of slightly different vibrational constants. Λ-type doubling, for details see Jenkins, Roots, et al., 1932, Poletto and Rigutti, 1965. The rotational perturbations by B 2Σ+ in v=10 have been the subject of many experimental and theoretical investigations Radford and Broida, 1962, Batt and Benson, 1962; microwave-optical double resonance missing citation Evenson, Dunn, et al., 1964 Radford, 1964 Evenson, 1968 Evenson, 1969 Pratt and Broida, 1969 Meakin and Harris, 1972, level anticrossing spectroscopy Levy, 1972 Cook and Levy, 1972 Cook and Levy, 1973, 2, magnetic resonance Cook and Levy, 1973. Hyperfine structure constants in Meakin and Harris, 1972, μel(+CN-) = 0.56 D Cook and Levy, 1973, 2, Π ~ Σ interaction parameters Cook and Levy, 1973. |
| 17 | Radiative lifetime τ = 0.68 μs (average for 1≤v≤9), corresponding to f00 = 0.0034 Jeunehomme, 1965, in good agreement with Treffers, 1975. A shock tube emission study Arnold and Nicholls, 1972 gives fel = 0.0045 at 10970 . See also Gippius, Kudryavtsev, et al., 1967 Jain, 1975. A considerably shorter lifetime for v=10, τ = 0.14 μs; v=10, was derived by Cook and Levy, 1972 from the anticrossing and microwave linewidths. Calculated relative absorption coefficients at three different temperatures in Phillips and Leung, 1973. |
| 18 | Rotational analyses of the 0-0, 1-0, 2-0, 2-1, 3-1 bands of 13C14N in Wyller, 1966 Hosinsky and Lindgren, 1976. |
| 19 | [For a useful compilation of molecular data on the A-X system and a bibliography of references prior to 1971 see Brocklehurst, Hebert, et al., 1971.] |
| 20 | Vibrational constants from Douglas and Routly, 1955, slightly different constants in Poletto and Rigutti, 1965. |
| 21 | Rotational constants from Engleman, 1974 who gives γe = -0.0003107 which appears to be a misprint; see also Douglas and Routly, 1955, Poletto and Rigutti, 1965. |
| 22 | Poletto and Rigutti, 1965, Engleman, 1974. |
| 23 | IR fundamental b. |
| 24 | In emission from interstellar sources; eqQ and other hyperfine structure constants. |
| 25 | in rare gas matrices at 4K. |
| 26 | Based on ΔHof0(CN) = 103.2 ± 2.5 kcal/mole recommended in missing citation. It represents an average value obtained from mass-spectrometric Berkowitz, 1962 and shock tube studies Knight and Rink, 1961, Tsang, Bauer, et al., 1962, Levitt and Parsons, 1969, Arnold and Nicholls, 1973 and from the photo-ionization Dibeler and Liston, 1967, Dibeler and Liston, 1968, Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1969 and photo-dissociation Davis and Okabe, 1968 of CN containing molecules and their decomposition in collisions with Ar metastable atoms Setser and Stedman, 1968. The most recent quantitative absorption measurements by Engleman and Rouse, 1975 together with lifetime measurements in the B-X system (see 12) tend to support the slightly higher value ΔHof0 = 105.5 ± 2 kcal/mole, of Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1969, giving D00 = 7.66 eV. Gaydon Gaydon, 1968 recommends 7.75 eV. |
| 27 | Indirectly from a combination of photo-ionization Dibeler and Liston, 1967, Dibeler and Liston, 1968 and photo-dissociation Davis and Okabe, 1968 threshold energies for HCN and ClCN; in good agreement with an electron impact appearance potential of 14.2 eV Berkowitz, 1962. Similar photoionization data for HCN Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1969 suggest, however, 14.03 eV. Theory predicts 14.10 eV Moffat, 1975. |
| 28 | A0 = +28.77, A1 = +27.86, A2 = +27.06. |
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes / Error Report
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Bradforth, Kim, et al., 1993
Bradforth, S.E.; Kim, E.H.; Arnold, D.W.; Neumark, D.M.,
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of CN-, NCO-, and NCS-,
J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 800. [all data]
Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr.,
The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]
Berkowitz, Chupka, et al., 1969
Berkowitz, J.; Chupka, W.A.; Walter, T.A.,
Photoionization of HCN: the electron affinity and heat of formation of CN,
J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 1497. [all data]
DeCorpo, Bafus, et al., 1971
DeCorpo, J.J.; Bafus, D.A.; Franklin, J.L.,
Correlation of excess energies of dissociative electron attachment processes with the translational energies of their products,
J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 1592. [all data]
Chamberlin, Page, et al., 1974
Chamberlin, A.T.; Page, F.M.; Painter, M.R.,
A Study of the Negative Ions Produced during Surface Ionization on Hot Metal Filaments,
Adv. Mass Spectrom., 1974, 6, 311. [all data]
Page, 1972
Page, F.M.,
Experimental determination of the electron affinities of inorganic radicals,
Adv. Chem. Ser., 1972, 36, 68. [all data]
Napper and Page, 1963
Napper, R.; Page, F.M.,
Determination of Electron Affinities. Part 5. Cyanide and Thiocyanate Radicals,
Trans. Farad. Soc., 1963, 59, 1086. [all data]
Huber and Herzberg, 1979
Huber, K.P.; Herzberg, G.,
Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules,, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979, ,1. [all data]
Dibeler and Liston, 1967
Dibeler, V.H.; Liston, S.K.,
Mass-spectrometric study of photoionization. VIII.Dicyanogen and the cyanogen halides,
J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 4548. [all data]
Berkowitz, 1962
Berkowitz, J.,
Heat of formation of the CN radical,
J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 36, 2533. [all data]
Dibeler, Reese, et al., 1961
Dibeler, V.H.; Reese, R.M.; Franklin, J.L.,
Mass spectrometric study of cyanogen and cyanoacetylenes,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1961, 83, 1813. [all data]
Purcell, 1967
Purcell, K.F.,
14N Quadrupole coupling in the ground and excited states of CN,
J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 47, 1198-1199. [all data]
Heil and Schaefer, 1971
Heil, T.G.; Schaefer, H.F., III,
Four new bound, low-lying states of cyanogen: 4Σ+, 4Σ-, 4Π, 4Δ,
Astrophys. J., 1971, 163, 425. [all data]
Schaefer and Heil, 1971
Schaefer, H.F., III; Heil, T.G.,
Electronic structures and potential energy curves for the low-lying states of CN radical,
J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 2573. [all data]
Green, 1972
Green, S.,
Electric dipole moment of diatomic molecules by configuration interaction. V. Two states of 2Σ+ symmetry in CN,
J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 4694. [all data]
Das, Janis, et al., 1974
Das, G.; Janis, T.; Wahl, A.C.,
Ground and excited states of the diatoms CN and A1O,
J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 1274. [all data]
Fallon, Vanderslice, et al., 1962
Fallon, R.J.; Vanderslice, J.T.; Cloney, R.D.,
Potential curves and rotational perturbations of CN,
J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 37, 1097. [all data]
Brocklehurst, Hebert, et al., 1971
Brocklehurst, B.; Hebert, G.R.; Innanen, S.H.; Seel, R.M.; Nicholls, R.W.,
Identification atlas of molecular spectra. 8. The CN A2Π - X2Σ+ red system, Pub. York University, Centre for Research in Experimental Space Science, Toronto, Ontario, 1971, 0. [all data]
Rao and Lakshman, 1972
Rao, T.V.R.; Lakshman, S.V.J.,
The true potential energy curves, morse r-centroids and Franck-Condon factors for the bands of the E2Σ+-X2Σ+ system of CN,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1972, 12, 1063. [all data]
Halmann and Laulicht, 1966
Halmann, M.; Laulicht, I.,
Isotope effects on vibrational transition probabilities. IV. Electronic transitions of isotopic C2, CO, CN, H2, and CH molecules,
Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 1966, 12, 307. [all data]
Ortenberg and Antropov, 1967
Ortenberg, F.S.; Antropov, E.T.,
Probability of electron-vibrational transitions in diatomic molecules,
Sov. Phys. Usp. Engl. Transl., 1967, 9, 717, In original 237. [all data]
Douglas and Routly, 1955
Douglas, A.E.; Routly, P.M.,
The spectrum of the CN molecule,
Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 1955, 1, 295. [all data]
Lutz, 1970
Lutz, B.L.,
Spectrum of the CN molecule. I. Absorption in the vacuum ultraviolet,
Can. J. Phys., 1970, 48, 1192. [all data]
Jha and Rao, 1966
Jha, B.L.; Rao, D.R.,
F2Δγ-A2Πi band system of CN,
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Sect. A, 1966, 63, 316. [all data]
Lutz, 1971
Lutz, B.L.,
Spectrum of the CN molecule. II. F2Δr-A2Πi,
Astrophys. J., 1971, 164, 213. [all data]
LeBlanc, 1968
LeBlanc, F.J.,
B2Σ → A2Πi bands of CN,
J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 1841. [all data]
White, 1940
White, J.U.,
Spectroscopic measurements of gaseous CN. II. Thermal dissociation of cyanogen,
J. Chem. Phys., 1940, 8, 459. [all data]
Feast, 1949
Feast, M.W.,
The CN tail bands emitted by the carbon arc in air,
Proc. Phys. Soc. London Sect. A, 1949, 62, 121. [all data]
Kiess and Broida, 1961
Kiess, N.H.; Broida, H.P.,
Perturbations and rotational intensities observed in CN bands emitted by reactions of organic molecules with nitrogen atoms,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1961, 7, 194. [all data]
LeBlanc, 1968, 2
LeBlanc, F.J.,
Extension of the CN red and violet band systems,
J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 1980. [all data]
Engleman, 1974
Engleman, R., Jr.,
The Δv = O and +1 sequence bands of the CN violet system observed during the flash photolysis of BrCN,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 49, 106. [all data]
Parker, 1932
Parker, A.E.,
Analysis of the (O,O) 2Π-2Σ CN band at 9168A,
Phys. Rev., 1932, 41, 274. [all data]
Herzberg and Phillips, 1948
Herzberg, G.; Phillips, J.G.,
Infrared CN bands,
Astrophys. J., 1948, 108, 163. [all data]
Davis and Phillips, 1963
Davis, S.P.; Phillips, J.G.,
Berkeley analyses of molecular spectra. 1. The red system (A2Π-X2Σ) of the CN molecule, Pub. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1963, 0. [all data]
Weinberg, Fishburne, et al., 1967
Weinberg, J.M.; Fishburne, E.S.; Rao, K.N.,
Infrared bands of the CN red system (A2Π-X2Σ),
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1967, 22, 406. [all data]
Phillips, 1973
Phillips, J.G.,
The fundamental rotation-vibration band of CN,
Astrophys. J., 1973, 180, 617. [all data]
Treffers, 1975
Treffers, R.R.,
Observations of the fundamental rotation-vibration band of CN,
Astrophys. J., 1975, 196, 883. [all data]
Penzias, Wilson, et al., 1974
Penzias, A.A.; Wilson, R.W.; Jefferts, K.B.,
Hyperfine structure of the CN radical determined from astronomical observations,
Phys. Rev. Lett., 1974, 32, 701. [all data]
Turner and Gammon, 1975
Turner, B.E.; Gammon, R.H.,
Interstellar CN at radio wavelengths,
Astrophys. J., 1975, 198, 71. [all data]
Easley and Weltner, 1970
Easley, W.C.; Weltner, W., Jr.,
ESR of the CN radical in inert matrices,
J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 197. [all data]
Adrian and Bowers, 1976
Adrian, F.J.; Bowers, V.A.,
g-tensor and spin doubling constants in the 2Σ molecules CN and C2H,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1976, 41, 517. [all data]
Carroll, 1956
Carroll, P.K.,
The spectrum of CN in the vacuum ultraviolet,
Can. J. Phys., 1956, 34, 83. [all data]
Coxon, Ramsay, et al., 1975
Coxon, J.A.; Ramsay, D.A.; Setser, D.W.,
A doublet-quartet perturbation in CN,
Can. J. Phys., 1975, 53, 1587. [all data]
Coxon, Setser, et al., 1973
Coxon, J.A.; Setser, D.W.; Duewer, W.H.,
Excitation of CN violet (B2Σ+-X2Σ+) bands by reaction of Ar and Xe metastable atoms with CN-containing compounds,
J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 2244. [all data]
Cook and Levy, 1973
Cook, T.J.; Levy, D.H.,
Optically detected gas phase magnetic resonance spectrum of the CN radical,
J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 3547. [all data]
Thomson and Dalby, 1968
Thomson, R.; Dalby, F.W.,
Experimental determination of the dipole moments of the X(2Σ+) and B(2Σ+) states of the CN molecule,
Can. J. Phys., 1968, 46, 2815. [all data]
Jackson, 1974
Jackson, W.M.,
Laser measurements of the radiative lifetime of the B2Σ+ state of CN,
J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 4177. [all data]
Luk and Bersohn, 1973
Luk, C.K.; Bersohn, R.,
Time dependence of the fluorescence of the B state of CN,
J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 2153. [all data]
Cook and Levy, 1972
Cook, T.J.; Levy, D.H.,
Lifetimes of the A2Π and B2Σ states of the CN radical,
J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 5059. [all data]
Arnold and Nicholls, 1973
Arnold, J.O.; Nicholls, R.W.,
A shock tube determination of the CN ground state dissociation energy and the CN violet electronic transition moment,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1973, 13, 115. [all data]
Jenkins and Wooldridge, 1938
Jenkins, F.A.; Wooldridge, D.E.,
Mass ratio of the carbon istopes from the spectrum of CN,
Phys. Rev., 1938, 53, 137. [all data]
Poletto and Rigutti, 1965
Poletto, G.; Rigutti, M.,
The A2Π and X2Σ states of the CN molecule from the Berkeley analysis of the CN red system,
Nuovo Cimento, 1965, 39, 519. [all data]
Swensson, Benedict, et al., 1970
Swensson, J.W.; Benedict, W.S.; Delbouille, L.; Roland, G.,
The solar spectrum from λ 7498 to λ 12016. A table of measures and identifications, University of Liege, Belgium, 1970, 449. [all data]
Fay, Marenin, et al., 1971
Fay, T.; Marenin, I.; van Citters, W.,
Perturbation analysis and constants for the red system of the cyanide radical,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1971, 11, 1203. [all data]
Jenkins, Roots, et al., 1932
Jenkins, F.A.; Roots, Y.K.; Mulliken, R.S.,
The red CN band system,
Phys. Rev., 1932, 39, 16. [all data]
Radford and Broida, 1962
Radford, H.E.; Broida, H.P.,
Rotational perturbations in CN. Zero-field theory, optical Zeeman effect, and microwave transition probabilities,
Phys. Rev., 1962, 128, 231. [all data]
Batt and Benson, 1962
Batt, L.; Benson, S.W.,
Erratum: Pyrolysis of di-tertiary butyl peroxide: temperature gradients and chain contribution to the rate,
J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 36, 3031. [all data]
Evenson, Dunn, et al., 1964
Evenson, K.M.; Dunn, J.L.; Broida, H.P.,
Optical detection of microwave transitions between excited electronic states of CN and the identification of the transitions involved,
Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1964, 136, 1566. [all data]
Radford, 1964
Radford, H.E.,
Hyperfine structure of the B2Σ+ state of CN,
Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1964, 136, 1571. [all data]
Evenson, 1968
Evenson, K.M.,
The optical detection of simulated emission in CN at 20-CM wavelength,
Appl. Phys. Lett., 1968, 12, 253. [all data]
Evenson, 1969
Evenson, K.M.,
Microwave magnetic-dipole transitions between excited electronic states of CN,
Phys. Rev., 1969, 178, 1. [all data]
Pratt and Broida, 1969
Pratt, D.W.; Broida, H.P.,
Microwave-optical double resonance. Frequencies and linewidths of stimulated emission transitions in the A2Π3/2 state of CN,
J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 2181. [all data]
Meakin and Harris, 1972
Meakin, P.; Harris, D.O.,
The analysis of the hyperfine structure of the A2Π(v = 10) and B2Σ+(v = O) states of the CN radical molecule,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 44, 219. [all data]
Levy, 1972
Levy, D.H.,
Molecular level anticrossing in the CN radical,
J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 5493. [all data]
Cook and Levy, 1973, 2
Cook, T.J.; Levy, D.H.,
Electric dipole moment of the A2Π state of CN as measured by level anticrossing spectroscopy,
J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 2387. [all data]
Jeunehomme, 1965
Jeunehomme, M.,
Oscillator strength of the CN red system,
J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 4086. [all data]
Arnold and Nicholls, 1972
Arnold, J.O.; Nicholls, R.W.,
A shock tube determination of the electronic transition moment of the CN red band system,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1972, 12, 1435. [all data]
Gippius, Kudryavtsev, et al., 1967
Gippius, E.F.; Kudryavtsev, E.M.; Pechenov, A.N.; Sobolev, N.N.,
Electronic transition strength of the red system of CN bands,
High Temp. Engl. Transl., 1967, 5, 27, In original 32. [all data]
Jain, 1975
Jain, D.C.,
Study of the electronic transition moment for the CN red band system,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1975, 15, 571. [all data]
Phillips and Leung, 1973
Phillips, J.G.; Leung, C.M.,
Relative absorptions by the red system of the CN molecule from 4400 Å to 3 microns,
Astrophys. J., 1973, 180, 607. [all data]
Wyller, 1966
Wyller, A.A.,
New C13 indications in stellar spectra,
Astrophys. J., 1966, 143, 828. [all data]
Hosinsky and Lindgren, 1976
Hosinsky, G.; Lindgren, B.,
Laboratory measurments of the (O.O), and (1.0) and (2.1) bands of the red system of the C13N14 molecule,
Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser., 1976, 25, 1-8. [all data]
Knight and Rink, 1961
Knight, H.T.; Rink, J.P.,
Dissociation energy of cyanogen and related quantities by x-ray densitometry of shock waves,
J. Chem. Phys., 1961, 35, 199. [all data]
Tsang, Bauer, et al., 1962
Tsang, W.; Bauer, S.H.; Cowperthwaite, M.,
Dissociation energy and rate of decomposition of C2N2,
J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 36, 1768. [all data]
Levitt and Parsons, 1969
Levitt, B.P.; Parsons, A.B.,
Emissivity and heat of dissociation of CN,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1969, 65, 1199. [all data]
Dibeler and Liston, 1968
Dibeler, V.H.; Liston, S.K.,
Mass-spectrometric study of photoionization. IX. Hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile,
J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 4765. [all data]
Davis and Okabe, 1968
Davis, D.D.; Okabe, H.,
Determination of bond dissociation energies in hydrogen cyanide. Cyanogen and cyanogen halides by the photodissociation method,
J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 5526. [all data]
Setser and Stedman, 1968
Setser, D.W.; Stedman, D.H.,
Chemical applications of metastable excited argon atoms. I. The heat of formation of the CN radical,
J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 467. [all data]
Engleman and Rouse, 1975
Engleman, R., Jr.; Rouse, P.E.,
Oscillator strengths from line absorption in a high-temperature furnace. II. The (0,0) band of the B2Σ+-X2Σ+ transition in CN,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1975, 15, 831. [all data]
Gaydon, 1968
Gaydon, A.G.,
Dissociation energies and spectra of diatomic molecules, Chapman and Hall, Ltd., 3rd Edition, London, 1968, 1. [all data]
Moffat, 1975
Moffat, J.B.,
A comparitive theoretical study from ab initio calculations, of the 1Σ+ states of CN+ and CN-,
J. Mol. Struct., 1975, 25, 303. [all data]
Go To: Top, Gas phase ion energetics data, Constants of diatomic molecules, References
| EA | Electron affinity |
| IE (evaluated) | Recommended ionization energy |
| ΔrG° | Free energy of reaction at standard conditions |
| ΔrH° | Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions |
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The measurements
were performed in the Electrical and Computer Engineering building at James
Cook University. The construction of this building is fairly typical of a
multilevel office building. Measurements were taken at ten locations (some
were taken at the same location but at different heights) around the
building. These locations were chosen to get a typical distribution of the
channel response as would be seen by 10 mobile users. These measurement sets
were used to model a multiuser OFDM system.
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After installating Mireka, you have to configure the following settings, which has no sensible defaults.
Edit mireka.js
and change the value of the helo
variable.
For example if your server is named mail.example.com
the result should look like this:
... var helo="mail.example.com"; ...
If Mireka will be configured to sometime forward incoming mail to an external server, than it has to use a mechanism named SRS to successfully deliver the mail. SRS needs a secret key. Choose a random hexadecimal value which should be about 32 characters long.
Edit mireka.js
, uncomment the secretKey
line and edit its value.
For example if you have choosen 12AB34CD
as the secret, the result should look like this:
... secretKey: "12AB34CD", ...
submission/queues.js
configuration file, to reflect your own domain. The mailer daemon address is used as the from
address in automatically generated delivery status notification mails.


IF THESE TREES COULD TALK
What do they have to say?
Personally I don't like changes. I like doing the same thing over and over again. Just because I like it. Maybe change is a really important thing for you but not for me, especially in songs that I listen to. I like listening the same thing over and over again. Maybe the reason behind this is that I like instrumental music. I feel different every time I listen to, like it is a deeper level, another chapter, another page...
I met this group back in March 2015 with the song "Barren Lands Of the Modern Dinosaur". I added it to my Spotify playlist then left it there for a while. I was listening to random things back then. Let's say I did not have a music taste. :)


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#include <lru.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| LRU (int max) | |
| ~LRU () | |
| int | Use (int value) |
| int | WantOldest () |
| void | Flush () |
| void | Dump () |
Private Member Functions | |
| LRUElement * | NewElement (int value) |
Private Attributes | |
| int | size |
| int | size_max |
| LRUElement * | first |
| LRUElement * | last |
The following class defines a list -- a double linked list of LRU elements, each of which points to a single item. The first element is the "older" one The last element is the "younger" one
|
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Constructor. Initialize the LRU. Initialize the list, empty to start with. Elements can now be added to the list.
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Destructor. De-allocate the LRU. Prepare a LRU for deallocation. If the LRU still contains any LRUElements, de-allocate them. However, note that we do *not* de-allocate the "items" on the LRU -- this module allocates and de-allocates the LRUElements to keep track of each item, but a given item may be on multiple LRUs, so we can't de-allocate them here. |
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Flush the list. Reinitialize the list, empty to start with. Elements can now be added to the list. |
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Add a new element in the list, put out the older one if the list is full (first of the list). The new element become the last of the list (thge tounger one)
|
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Called when using member number "value". Look for the element in the list and put it at the end.
|
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Called when wanting the value of the oldest element of the list. Look for the oldest elemnt of the list or an empty case
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Head of the list, NULL if LRU is empty.
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Last element of list.
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Size and maximum size of the list.
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ALHAJI MOHAMMED ABACHA 2/8 GIDADO DRIVE,GRA, KANO - NIGERIA.  SINCE MY FATHER'S DEATH AND MY DETENTION FOR CLOSE TO THREE YEARS, MY FAMILY HAS BEEN LOOSING A LOT OF MONEY DUE TO VINDICTIVE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS WHO ARE BENT ON DEALING WITH OUR FAMILY.  MY FAMILY AND I ARE LOOKING FOR A TRUSTWORTHY FOREIGN PARTNER WHO CAN ASSIST US BY TAKING POSESSION OF THE TOTAL SUM OF US$25,000,000.00 ( TWENTY FIVE MILLION UNITED STATES DOLLARS ), WHICH THE GOVERNMENT DID NOT KNOW ABOUT.  THIS MONEY WAS OF COURSE, ACQUIRED BY MY LATE FATHER AND IS NOW KEPT SECRETLY BY THE FAMILY. THE SWISS GOVERNMENT HAS ALREADY FROZEN ALL OTHER ACCOUNTS OF MY FAMILY IN SWITZERLAND, AND SOME OTHER COUNTRIES ALSO TRIED DOING LIKE WISE. THIS BID BY SOME GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS TO DEAL WITH THIS FAMILY HAS MADE IT NECESSARY THAT I SEEK YOUR ASSISITANCE IN RECEIVING THIS MONEY AND IN INVESTING IT ON BEHALF OF MY FAMILY.  SINCE THIS MONEY IS STILL CASH,EXTRA SECURITY MEASURES HAVE BEEN TAKEN TO PROTECT IT FROM THEFT OR SEIZURE.       I LOOK FORWARD TO WORKING WITH YOU. THANK YOU ALHAJI MOHAMMED ABACHA PLEASE YOU CAN AS WELL REACH ME VIA THIS EMAIL ADDRESS - mohammedabacha2004@indiatimes.com


{% load i18n sekizai_tags static %} {% load category_tags %} {# if this is a landing category, render the following and allow the user to edit the category's parent #} {# easy hack to check if the article is a landing category, compare the slug of the article's first category with the urlpath slug #} {# if form.validCategory and article.category.slug == urlpath.slug #} {% if article.category %}
This is article is not a category. You cannot edit this.
{% endif %}


Woodstock will turn your chord progressions into four-part chorales.
You can enter chord symbols:
Roman numerals work too!


Salmon Cookies are the hip new thing in Seattle. Come visit any of our five locations to enjoy yours today!
--------------
--------------
100 Pike Street
Seattle, WA
98115
300 Denny Way
Seattle, WA
98165
3000 Broadway E
Seattle, WA
98135
3420 Alki Ave SW
Seattle, WA
98315
Main Terminal
SeaTac, WA
93145


NRA drops lawsuit over San Francisco's 'terrorist' label
by JANIE HARSAN FRANCISCO -- The National Rifle Association has withdrawn its lawsuit against San Francisco over the city's resolution labeling the gun-rights group a "terrorist organization."
Lawyers for the NRA filed a notice of dismissal Thursday in U.S. District Court of Northern California.
City Attorney Dennis Herrera said in a statement that he's pleased the organization "backed down on its frivolous lawsuit" to silence the politically liberal city.
The NRA's lawyer, William A. Brewer III, said in a statement that the group had achieved its goals.
The resolution contends the lobby uses its power to incite gun owners to acts of violence. It was nonbinding and did not require the city to investigate vendors' ties to the NRA as the organization claimed.


SELECTIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
CHARLES F. REUSCH
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AT CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


High Priest Raymond:
Now you'll need to know the password for the Storage Room's Code Input device .It's <IP_ADDRESS>. Do not, under any circumstances, forget it. Good men died getting that code; forgetting it would be a disservice to all that they sacrificed.
Now, what's the code?
"<IP_ADDRESS>."


MUM Golden Dome Market ::: System
Products
Suppliers
Hello!
Sign Out
New Product Form
Product Number
Name
Unit Price
Quantity in stock
Supplier:
Select a supplier
Supplier1
Supplier2
Supplied Date
Enter a valid Date.
Reset
Cancel
Add Product


The b:commandButton tag extends the standard h:commandButton with Ajax, and partial processing features.


Regular
Neutral
Information
Caution
Positive
Negative
Hover
Neutral
Information
Caution
Positive
Negative
Down
Neutral
Information
Caution
Positive
Negative
Regular, Focus
Neutral
Information
Caution
Positive
Negative
Hover, Focus
Neutral
Information
Caution
Positive
Negative


{%extends "base_pgus.html" %} {%load markup%} {%block title%}About Us{%endblock%} {%block layoutblock%} Resolution Tracker Instructions This resolution tracker is designed to allow board members to vote on resolutions submitted by others, providing information on who each resolution as well as votes. Vote On A Resolution Click Here to Vote Submit A Resolution Full Name: * Resolution Title: * Resolution Description: * Send {%endblock%}
This resolution tracker is designed to allow board members to vote on resolutions submitted by others, providing information on who each resolution as well as votes.


Sign In
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search
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more_vert
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arrow_drop_down
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home
Home
person_add
Add New Hospital
list
View All
notifications_active
Event Notifications
forum
Update Newsfeed
States & Union Territories
Cities
Total Blood Units
Hospitals
State Wise: Total Blood Units
State
O+
O-
A+
A-
B+
B-
AB+
AB-
City Wise: Total Blood Units
City
O+
O-
A+
A-
B+
B-
AB+
AB-
Blood Groups & Total Blood Units
O+
O-
A+
A-
B+
B-
AB+
AB-
Add A New Hospital
Hospital Name...
Email...
Password...
Address...
State...
City...
Pincode...
Phone Number...
Add Hospital
Error
Hospital Added Successfully
Ok
Hospital Wise : Blood Count
Hospital ID
Hospital Name
District
O+
O-
A+
A-
B+
B-
AB+
AB-
Add a New Event
Event Name...
Date...
Time...
Venue...
State...
City Pincode...
Add New Event
Detailed Event Summary
Event Name
Date
Time
Venue
Actions
Error
Name...
Date...
Time...
Venue...
State...
Pincode...
Update Event
Error
New Event Added Successfully
Ok
Add a new update
Heading...
Description...
Image...
Add News
Detailed Newsfeed
Heading
Actions
Error
News Updated Successfully
Ok
/


module
:
child_process
:
ChildProcess
Events
close
disconnect
error
exit
message
Member Properties
connected
kill
pid
stderr
stdin
stdio
stdout
Methods
disconnect
send
//nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_class_childprocess
Additional Documentation Pages
Asynchronous Process Creation
Example: sending server object
Example: sending socket object
Events
close
disconnect
error
exit
message
Member Properties
|
Boolean
connected
|
String
kill
|
Number
pid
|
stream.Readable
stderr
|
stream.Writable
stdin
|
Array
<
stream
,
>
stdio
|
stream.Readable
stdout
Methods
disconnect
(
) {
send
(
) {


Batman: The Animated Series is an American superhero animated television series based on the DC Comics superhero Batman. Developed by Bruce Timm, Paul Dini, and Mitch Brian, and produced by Warner Bros. Animation, it originally aired on Fox Kids from September 5, 1992, to September 15, 1995, with a total of 85 episodes.[1][2] For the final fifteen episodes, the series was given the on-screen title The Adventures of Batman and Robin, which was also used for reruns of earlier episodes. The series became the first in the continuity of the shared DC animated universe, spawning further animated TV series, feature films, comic books and video games with most of the same creative talent.[3] The series was praised for its thematic complexity, film noir aesthetics, darker tone, artistic presentation, and modernization of its title character's crime-fighting origins.[4] IGN.com listed Batman: The Animated Series as the best adaptation of Batman anywhere outside of comics, the best comic book television show of all time[5] and the second-best animated series of all time (after The Simpsons).[6][7] Wizard magazine also ranked it #2 of the greatest animated television shows of all time (again after The Simpsons). TV Guide ranked it the seventh-greatest cartoon of all time.[8] The widespread acclaim led the series to win four Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Animated Program.


Class that wraps a Writer or ValidatingWriter with an interface that uses explicit write* names instead of writeValue. More...
#include <Serializer.hh>
Public Member Functions | |
| Serializer () | |
| Constructor only works with Writer. | |
| Serializer (const ValidSchema &schema) | |
| Constructor only works with ValidatingWriter. | |
| void | writeNull () |
| void | writeBool (bool val) |
| void | writeInt (int32_t val) |
| void | writeLong (int64_t val) |
| void | writeFloat (float val) |
| void | writeDouble (double val) |
| void | writeBytes (const void *val, size_t size) |
| template<size_t N> | |
| void | writeFixed (const uint8_t(&val)[N]) |
| template<size_t N> | |
| void | writeFixed (const boost::array< uint8_t, N > &val) |
| void | writeString (const std::string &val) |
| void | writeRecord () |
| void | writeRecordEnd () |
| void | writeArrayBlock (int64_t size) |
| void | writeArrayEnd () |
| void | writeMapBlock (int64_t size) |
| void | writeMapEnd () |
| void | writeUnion (int64_t choice) |
| void | writeEnum (int64_t choice) |
| InputBuffer | buffer () const |
Class that wraps a Writer or ValidatingWriter with an interface that uses explicit write* names instead of writeValue.


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Bio
Michael had a strong passion for computers at an early age.
Education
- East Tennessee State University
- Bluegrass Technical College
Work Experience
- Student of Code Fellows
Contact Info
Email me
Links
Top 10 Movies
- The Last of the Mohicans
- O Brother Where Art Thou'
- Toy Story
- The Dark Knight
- Jurassic Park
- Lord of the Rings
- Star Wars
- Braveheart
- The Godfather
- The Shining


Raquel Acevedo
About
Contact
Portfolio
Timed Quiz
Weather Dashboard
Day Planner
Password Generator
Fitness App Project


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load static %} {% block title %} Sign Up {% endblock %} {% block extraHead %} {% endblock %} {% block mainContent %}
Note: Please enter the same email that you have used to sign up for CryptoPay
Already registered? LOG IN


Introvert, Passionate, Ambitious
I like the colour Red, Pink, White and Gold. I enjoy bike riding and watching horses. I think Elon Musk is inspirational. I love to read books. Some of my favorite authors are Paulo Coelho, Dan Brown and Jackie Collins. My favorite movie/TV show genres are Comedy, Romcoms, a bit of Horror and some Political satire. I enjoy good music and good company. I love to think about the design of everyday things!
This is my first project at Moringa School. I made my first webpage, practicing block elements,inline elements and indentation and spacing and HTML attributes.
I also learned how to use Git and for version control. Here's a link to the repository with this project:
My first webpage
This webpage was made to practice add links and images to a webpage. Also learnt about Github pages and that it recognizes the first page as index.html. You can view this repository here: My Pet
I practised the concepts of forking in Github. This also taught me how to indent my code properly and correct spacing in code. This first week has been about learning and practicing HTML5, CSS and using Git to keep track of changes within a project. You can find this repository here:
Cookie Recipe


My research outside of geographic visualization lies within Business Analytics. I'm currently completing my Master's degree, with a graduation date set for this May 2021. I enjoy diving into statistics and data within a business to solve real problems. To be able to solve business problems using historical data to guide decisions is a passion of mine. Last summer I worked at a tech startup in Des Moines which works within the IoT space. I was a Data Analyst intern in which I built an ERP application from scratch. Following graduation I'll be returning to Des Moines to begin working full-time at Ernst & Young as a Technology Risk Consultant.


This concept cannot be deleted. The following rules depend on {{concept.Name}}:
Computing:
Validating:
By deleting this concept the following {{references.References}} references will be deleted as well:
- {{references.Trees.Presentation.length}} appearance{{references.Trees.Presentation.length>1?'s':''}} in Presentation (including children)
- Several Synonyms
- {{references.ConceptMaps.SynonymOf.length}} appearance{{references.ConceptMaps.SynonymOf.length>1?'s':''}} as Synonym
- {{references.Rules.Computing.length}} Formula{{references.Rules.Computing.length>1?'s':''}}
- {{references.Rules.Validating.length}} Validation{{references.Rules.Validating.length>1?'s':''}}


The Fedora Docker packages (or rather, moby packages) don’t provide additional things like buildx
, which means you might be forced to use Docker’s own repos.
The documentation for these is pretty thorough and can be found here. One thing that is doesn’t describe is
the need to configure firewall policies though. If you find you have no network connectivity inside docker containers then you want to do the following:
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=docker --add-interface=docker0
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
This assumes you have the docker
zone, which I’m going to guess the moby
packages created for me. If not, you can simply use the trusted
zone. A list of
all available zones can be found like so:
sudo firewall-cmd --list-all-zones
All interfaces can found like so:
sudo firewall-cmd --list-interfaces


A bitmap image is represented with a TBitmap32 object and is stored in the Bitmap property. Its scale and location within the control is determined by the following properties:
BitmapAlign specifies if the bitmap image is positioned at the top-left corner of the control (baTopLeft), centered (baCenter), tiled (baTile) or it its exact location is determined by OffsetHorz and OffsetVert properties;
ScaleMode indicates if the bitmap image is displayed with its original size (smNormal), stretched to fit the control's boundaries (smStretch), proportionally resized to fit the control's boundaries(smResize) or proportionally scaled using its Scale property (smScale).
The bitmap image is combined with the back-buffer according to its DrawMode property. And the quality of its resampling is determined by the StretchFilter property. If its DrawMode is dmCustom, the bitmap will fire a series of OnPixelCombine events.
[See Also] TDrawMode, TStretchFilter, Image32 Example


https://www.w3.org/TR/webmidi/ Connects midi-devices to your browser Receives midi-messages Sends midi-messages Notes Controller (Knobs, Sliders,...) Modulation Wheel (controller.id = 0) Pitch Wheel SysEx


Howdy Trader!
Make sure your app with api_key -
{{api_key}}
has set redirect to
{redirect_url}
. Analyst : {{ enable_analyst }}
Login to generate access token.


{{college?.specialization}}
Duration : {{course_duration}}
Fees : {{college?.fees}} ( Per Semester)
Admission Schedule :
Last date for submission of completed application form : {{college?.admissionDate}}
Last date of submission with late fee : {{college?.LateFeeFormDate}}
Date of commencement of course : {{college?.Dateofcommencement}}
time: {{college?.DateofcommencementTime}}


This is an object for manipulating arrays. The type attribute returns the value array
. The following primitive values define the object:
The returned object has the following characteristics:
See the menu for more details.
The toString
method returns the value of the array in JSON format. The valueOf
method returns the browser default value.


An Air Force airman is missing after falling from a plane into the Gulf of Mexico
by CNN NewsourceThe US Coast Guard is helping with the search for a missing Air Force airman who fell out of a plane during a jump training mission, Coast Guard Mobile Sector spokesman Juston Lee told CNN.
The missing staff sergeant deployed his parachute and fell about 1,500 feet into the Gulf of Mexico, he said. His name and age have not been released.
The crew aboard the C-130 plane said the airman hit the water and was treading water, but when they turned back around to find him, they couldn't see him, Lee said.
The crew is from Hurlburt Field in Okaloosa County, Florida.
Multiple teams are continuing the search for the man.


--- layout: post title: Comparing WebObjects to Ruby on Rails categories: [] author: admin published: true date: 2005-08-23 04:44:54.000000000 +01:00 ---
Deirdre recently gave a presentation at BarCamp that compares the implementation of the same application in Apple’s WebObjects to Ruby on Rails. It includes this graph that contrasts the code-base size of the WO application to the Rails version:


AMAZING PEOPLE ARE MAKING AMAZING DESIGNS IN A FUN ENVIRONMENT
When you work with us,you are part of the team of commited collaborators.All aspects of our software development process are intergrated,iterative and agile.
Our approach unifies design,development and product management to create exceptional products. We start each project by understanding your business goals,the users needs and the product requirement. Then we help translate then into effective and elegant solutions.
Before we sign a contract or write a line of code our team will spend necessary
time to understand
your product vision.
The outcome of this scoping session is a proposal of high level statement of work.
Based on your requirement we can provide a complete offering or just the pieces you need.
Our design practice offers a full range of services including branding strategy,interaction and visual design and user experience testing. Throughout your project, our designers create and implement visual designs and workflows solicit user feedback, and work with you to make sure what gets built is what is needed.
All engineers are fluent in the latest enterprise, mobile and web development technologies. They collaborate with your team to write, test, and improve code on a daily basis, using proven practices such as test-driven development and pair programming.
Planning and development is iterative. Because we are constantly coding and testing, the products we build are always ready to go live. This iterative process allows for changes as business requirements evolve.


Hey {{first_name}}, {{last_name}} has invited you to join the team for their {{tourName}} tour. As a tour member you will be able to monitor and manage the tour settings and content based on your role.
Accept Tour Invitation
or copy & paste this link into your browser: http://{{host}}/#!/activation/{{token}}/link
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