By
Name: Indrajit Banerjee
2. ABSTRACT
3. INTRODUCTION
3.1. MOBILE TOWER
3.2. PROCESS OF MOBILE TOWER WORK WITH RADIATION
3.3. RADIATION
3.4. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE
3.6. IONIZATION ENERGY
3.7. IONIZING RADIATION
3.9. COSMIC WAVE FROM OUTER SPACE
3.10.
PENTRATION OF RADIO
WAVE THROUGH WALLS
3.11.
WAVE INTENSITY AND
POWER
3.12.
THEORY OF
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
3.13.
MOBILE TOWER, WIFI,
BLUETOOTH OPERATING RANGE
4. EFFECT ON BRAIN BY MOBILE TOWER RADIATION
4.2. LINK BETWEEN TOWER RADIATION AND BRAIN
5.
LINK TO CANCER WITH MOBILE TOWER RADIATON
5.1. CANCER
6. IMPACT ON LIFE BY MOBILE TOWER RADIATION
6.2. IMPACT ON BIRDS
6.3. IMPACT ON INSECTS
7. IMPACT ON MIGRATION OF BIRDS
8. THE MISCONCEPTION ABOUT THE DANGER OF RADIO
WAVE
9. THE STRONG EVIDENCE OF NON-EFFECTIVENESS OF RADIO
WAVE ON LIFE
9.1. LIFE EXPECTANCY IN DIFFERENT TIME & REGION
9.2.  PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER FOR LONG TIME
MOBILE USE
9.2.2. THE MAJOR PARAMETER TO THE BIRD CRISIS
10. CONCLUSION
I would like
to express my gratitude to my college Prof. Priyabrata
Dasgupta (Guide and Mentor) and all Professor in Physics department
for their continuous effort, support and guidance, otherwise this project would
have never been a reality. I would like to be grateful to the stranger
pedestrian to whom I asked some question for what they think about. I am very
grateful to American
Cancer Society, Oxford
Cancer Research Centre, University of Nottingham, and
IISC Bangalore PhD scholar Riddhi Sengupta (Former Assistant Teacher of
Vidyasagar Evening College) for their contribution to my project by giving
essential information about Radiation, Health Effect. Simon Sinek’s online lecture
helped me a lot to understand the psychological effect parameter and Kartick Malik’s (Assistant Professor of Vidyasagar
Evening College) advice on philosophical effect which many times is confused
with the Radiation. I have gathered most of information from Science Journal
(Verified) and online organisation and Wikipedia. Lastly, the most helpful
person in this project is Dr. Derek Mular (one of the top science YouTube
vlogger of channel “Veritasium”) &
Michael Stevens(YouTube channel ‘Vsauce’).
I would like
to thank all my family member, classmates, Pedestrians for their valuable output
regarding the project.
VIDYASAGAR
EVENING COLLEGE ____________________________
39, Sankar Ghosh Lane Dept. of Environmental Studies
Kolkata-700006
VIDYASAGAR EVENING COLLEGE
Year: 2018-2019
Name Registration
No College
Roll
Indrajit
Banerjee 137-1121-0509-15 512
The present project is based on secondary data collected
from different science journal. The conception about radiation and the messing
up with Other key factor is misconception. My aim is to deliver the proper
science and the key concept to clearly visualize how the misconception lead us
today’s era. The manuscript of this study and project is peer reviewed by
Assistant professor of Physics department and Head of Neurology department. The
study conducts with asking few questions to pedestrians and their answer helped
me to study deeply of psychological behaviour and disorder they face, which
sometimes considered as Biological effect for Mobile Tower radiation. It is
concluded that risk of health issues from mobile tower radiation still unknown
and unpredictable study can’t assure the data’s link with only 1 cause. The
mobile tower radiation only heats up some molecules which far below than
negligible and it has affected only magneto reception which is still arise
question.
A cell site or cell
tower is a cellular-enabled mobile device site where antennae and
electronic communications equipment are placed — typically on a radio
mast, tower, or other raised structure — to create
a cell (or adjacent cells) in a cellular network. The raised structure typically supports antennae and
one or more sets of transmitter/ receiver, transceivers, digital signal processors, control electronics, a GPS receiver for timing primary and backup
electrical power sources and sheltering.
Here in picture I demonstrate One tower with two
cite. Each cite emits a specific frequency band and hence they can power up in
two way and their range is different according to their power and frequency.
In
a grossly oversimplified description, there are hundreds of towers, all with
overlapping coverage. As you move along, your phone I said constantly looking
for whichever on has the strongest signal. When you make a call, that tower
will connect back to a switching centre, which is connected to all the other
towers, and the regular old landline telephone network, through which you call
is completed. As you continue to move, your signal to and from that tower gets
weaker, and is being constantly measured by both your phone and the tower. When it gets low enough that call quality can become
degraded, the network then finds a new tower that “sees” your phone with a
stronger signal than the one you are on. Your phone is sent a command, telling
it to retune and move to a better tower.
This happens throughout the duration of your call, and on call
may be handled by dozens of towers along the way, depending on how fast you are
moving and how long you talk.
Phones have isotropic antennas that radiate in all directions
like lamps. The base stations use directional antennas, each using a set of
frequencies such that no antenna interferes with its neighbours.
The phone doesn't know where the station is, only tracks the
signal from the stations close to it, and will pick the one with the strongest
level, or switch to another station otherwise (roaming mode).
When the phone selects a station, it starts a “handshake”
process to negotiate a channel and inquire on the services available, among
other things. The station will identify the hardware IMEI in its database,
authenticate the client, then assign a channel and inform the phone location to
the rest of the network, so that calls are forwarded to the right base station.
If the station is too busy or overcrowded by other subscribers,
the phone is rejected, and we get “no service available” on the screen.
During calls, the phone maintains two conversations: one between
users through the assigned voice channel, and another through a special service
channel between phone and station, to track signal quality and other
parameters, and may transfer the call to another station with better signal
(hand-over) or stop the call if the signal is too weak or by network command
(no credit, for example).
Everyone is
concerned about the key term “radiation” as very serious physical phenomena
which has impacted a negative effect on Life. But radiation is not what
everyone thinks. Radiation is Electromagnetic Wave which propagate with speed
of light. It does not need any medium to propagate. Radiation can be
categorized in 2 different kind according to how much energy they carry. So, I
will discuss this in following thread.
In physics,
electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their
quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through
space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves,
microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.[i]
Classically,
electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are
synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields that propagate at the
speed of light, which, in a vacuum, is commonly denoted c. In homogeneous,
isotropic media, the oscillations of the two fields are perpendicular to each
other and perpendicular to the direction of energy and wave propagation,
forming a transverse wave. The wave front of electromagnetic waves emitted from
a point source (such as a light bulb) is a sphere. The position of an
electromagnetic wave within the electromagnetic spectrum can be characterized
by either its frequency of oscillation or its wavelength. Electromagnetic waves
of different frequency are called by different names since they have different
sources and effects on matter. In order of increasing frequency and decreasing
wavelength these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible
light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.
Electromagnetic waves are emitted by electrically charged particles undergoing acceleration, [4][5] and these waves can subsequently interact with other charged particles, exerting force on them. EM waves carry energy, momentum and angular momentum away from their source particle and can impart those quantities to matter with which they interact. Electromagnetic radiation is associated with those EM waves that are free to propagate themselves ("radiate") without the continuing influence of the moving charges that produced them, because they have achieved sufficient distance from those charges. Thus, EMR is sometimes referred to as the far field. In this language, the near field refers to EM fields near the charges and current that directly produced them specifically, electromagnetic induction and electrostatic induction phenomena.
In quantum
mechanics, an alternate way of viewing EMR is that it consists of photons,
uncharged elementary particles with zero rest mass which are the quanta of the
electromagnetic force, responsible for all electromagnetic interactions.
Quantum electrodynamics is the theory of how EMR interacts with matter on an
atomic level. Quantum effects provide additional sources of EMR, such as the
transition of electrons to lower energy levels in an atom and black-body
radiation. The energy of an individual photon is quantized and is greater for
photons of higher frequency. This relationship is given by Planck's equation E
= hν, where E is the energy per photon, ν is the frequency of the
photon, and h is Planck's constant. A single gamma ray photon, for example,
might carry ~100,000 times the energy of a single photon of visible light.
The electromagnetic spectrum covers electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from below one hertz to above 1025 hertz, corresponding to wavelengths from thousands of kilometres down to a fraction of the size of an atomic nucleus. This frequency range is divided into separate bands, and the electromagnetic waves within each frequency band are called by different names; beginning at the low frequency (long wavelength) end of the spectrum these are: radio waves, microwaves, terahertz waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays at the high-frequency (short wavelength) end. The electromagnetic waves in each of these bands have different characteristics, such as how they are produced, how they interact with matter, and their practical applications. The limit for long wavelengths is the size of the universe itself, while it is thought that the short wavelength limit is in the vicinity of the Planck length. Gamma rays, X-rays, and high ultraviolet are classified as ionizing radiation as their photons have enough energy to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions. Exposure to these rays can be a health hazard, causing radiation sickness, DNA damage and cancer. Radiation of visible light wavelengths and lower are called nonionizing radiation as they cannot cause these effects.
In physics and chemistry, ionization energy or ionisation energy, denoted Ei , is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron, the valence electron, of an isolated neutral gaseous atom or molecule. Ionization energy can be categorised in two sub categories:
· Ionization Radiation
· Non-Ionization Radiation
The lowest ionization energy of any element is 3.89 eV, for caesium. However, US Federal Communications Commission material defines ionizing radiation as that with a photon energy greater than 10 eV (equivalent to a far ultraviolet wavelength of 124 nanometres).[11] Roughly, this corresponds to both the first ionization energy of oxygen, and the ionization energy of hydrogen, both about 14 eV.[12] In some Environmental Protection Agency references, the ionization of a typical water molecule at an energy of 33 eV is referenced[13] as the appropriate biological threshold for ionizing radiation: this value represents the so-called W-value, the colloquial name for the ICRU's mean energy expended in a gas per ion pair formed,[14] which combines ionization energy plus the energy lost to other processes such as excitation.[15] At 38 nanometres wavelength for electromagnetic radiation, 33 eV is close to the energy at the conventional 10 nm wavelength transition between extreme ultraviolet and X-ray radiation, which occurs at about 125 eV. Thus, X-ray radiation is always ionizing, but only extreme-ultraviolet radiation can be considered ionizing under all definitions.
Ionizing radiation (ionising radiation) is radiation that carries enough energy to knock electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing them. Ionizing radiation is made up of energetic subatomic particles, ions or atoms moving at high speeds (usually greater than 1% of the speed of light), and electromagnetic waves on the high-energy end of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Gamma rays, X-rays, and the higher ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum are ionizing, whereas the lower ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum and all the spectrum below UV, including visible light (including nearly all types of laser light), infrared, microwaves, and radio waves are considered non-ionizing radiation. The boundary between ionizing and non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that occurs in the ultraviolet is not sharply defined, since different molecules and atoms ionize at different energies. Conventional definition places the boundary at a photon energy between 10 eV and 33 eV in the ultraviolet.
Typical ionizing subatomic particles from radioactivity include alpha particles, beta particles and neutrons. Almost all products of radioactive decay are ionizing because the energy of radioactive decay is typically far higher than that required to ionize. Other subatomic ionizing particles which occur naturally are muons, mesons, positrons, and other particles that constitute the secondary cosmic rays that are produced after primary cosmic rays interact with Earth's atmosphere. Cosmic rays are generated by stars and certain celestial events such as supernova explosions. Cosmic rays may also produce radioisotopes on Earth (for example, carbon-14), which in turn decay and produce ionizing radiation. Cosmic rays and the decay of radioactive isotopes are the primary sources of natural ionizing radiation on Earth referred to as background radiation. Ionizing radiation can also be generated artificially by X-ray tubes, particle accelerators, and any of the various methods that produce radioisotopes artificially.[ii]
The region at which radiation becomes considered as "ionizing" is not well defined, since different molecules and atoms ionize at different energies. The usual definitions have suggested that radiation with particle or photon energies less than 10 electronvolts (eV) be considered non-ionizing. Another suggested threshold is 33 electronvolts, which is the energy needed to ionize water molecules. The light from the Sun that reaches the earth is largely composed of non-ionizing radiation, since the ionizing far-ultraviolet rays have been filtered out by the gases in the atmosphere, particularly oxygen. The remaining ultraviolet radiation from the Sun causes molecular damage (for example, sunburn) by photochemical and free-radical-producing means.
Radio waves are a type
of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum
longer than infrared light. Like all other electromagnetic waves, they travel
at the speed of light. Naturally occurring radio waves are made by lightning,
or by astronomical objects. Artificially generated radio waves are used for
fixed and mobile radio communication, broadcasting, radar and other navigation
systems, satellite communication, computer networks and innumerable other
applications. Different frequencies of radio waves have different propagation
characteristics in the Earth's atmosphere; long waves may cover a part of the
Earth very consistently, shorter waves can reflect off the ionosphere and
travel around the world, and much shorter wavelengths bend or reflect very
little and travel on a line of sight.
Radio waves are a
type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic
spectrum longer than infrared light. Like all other electromagnetic waves, they
travel at the speed of light. Naturally occurring radio waves are made by
lightning, or by astronomical objects. Artificially generated radio waves are
used for fixed and mobile radio communication, broadcasting, radar and other
navigation systems, satellite communication, computer networks and innumerable
other applications. Different frequencies of radio waves have different
propagation characteristics in the Earth's atmosphere; long waves may cover a
part of the Earth very consistently, shorter waves can reflect off the
ionosphere and travel around the world, and much shorter wavelengths bend or
reflect very little and travel on a line of sight.
Cosmic rays are high-energy
radiation, mainly originating outside the Solar
System and even from distant galaxies.
Upon impact with the Earth's atmosphere, cosmic rays can produce showers of
secondary particles that sometimes reach
the surface. Composed primarily of
high-energy protons and atomic
nuclei, they are of uncertain origin. Data from
the Fermi Space Telescope (2013) have
been interpreted as evidence that a significant fraction of primary cosmic rays
originates from the supernova explosions
of stars.
Now the most important part, I am going to reveal. Intensity
is major parameter in Wave mechanics. Because it tells us how much wave us or
anything is around else. The picture here tells us that the 1st man
is more exposed to radiation than the 2nd one so here heating effect
would be greater for 1st man than 2nd man. So, we should
keep in mind that the closer we are to the source of radiation the more we may
have harmful effect. The power of wave can be expressed as
The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon in physics. The effect is based on the idea that electromagnetic radiation is made of a series of particles called photons. When a photon hits an electron on a metal surface, the electron can be emitted. The emitted electrons are called photoelectrons.
The intensity of the light does not cause ejection of electrons, only light of the cut off frequency or higher can do that. However, increasing the intensity of light will increase the number of electrons being emitted, if the frequency is above the cut off frequency.
|
Generation |
Frequency |
Bandwidth |
|
1G |
150MHz-900MHz |
30KHz |
|
2G |
900MHz-1.8GHz |
900MHz |
|
3G |
1.6-2.1GHz |
100MHz |
|
4G |
2-8GHz |
100MHz |
|
5G |
3-30GHz |
----------- |
|
Wi-Fi |
2.4GHz |
|
|
Bluetooth |
2.4GHz |
|
First thing first, we must understand the behaviour and structure of brain to unearth the link between radiation and its effect on Brain.
It is made up of more than 100 billion nerves that communicate in trillions of
connections called synapses.
 Thinking and voluntary
movements begin in the cortex.
• The brain stem is between the spinal cord and the rest of the brain. Basic
functions like breathing and sleep are controlled here.
• The basal ganglia are a cluster of structures in the centre of the brain. The
basal ganglia coordinate messages between multiple other brain areas.
• The cerebellum is at the base and the back of the brain. The cerebellum is
responsible for coordination and balance.
The brain is also divided into several lobes:
• The frontal lobes are responsible for problem solving and judgment and motor
function.
• The parietal lobes manage sensation, handwriting, and body position.
• The temporal lobes are involved with memory and hearing.
• The occipital lobes contain the brain's visual processing system.
The brain is surrounded by a layer of tissue called the
meninges. The skull (cranium) helps protect the brain from injury.
Mobile phones, which operate at frequencies of 1.8–2.2 gigahertz (GHz) for digital systems and 400–900 MHz for analogue systems, are currently very widely used, especially among adolescents. Intensive use of mobile phones among adolescents is leading to concern regarding common physical and emotional problems, ranging from insomnia to problems with concentration [1,2]. During mobile phone use, the human brain can be exposed to a high specific absorption rate (SAR) because of its close proximity to sources of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) source. Exposure to mobile phones is generally associated with the emitted RF power. Various parameters, including the properties of the absorbing tissue, the antenna position and the magnetic field frequency, must be considered in evaluating the side-effects of RFEMF exposure on human health. In that context, Hardell et al. suggested that long-term exposure to RF-EMF emitted by mobile phones may increase the risk of brain tumours, such as glioma and neuroma. The morphological and biochemical alterations caused by RFEMF exposures have been investigated in animal studies. At this point, prenatal exposure results in smaller litter size, lower birth weight and offspring with significant impairment of the hippocampus, pyramidal cell and glial cells [7–9]. Neuronal damage in the central nervous system has been reported due to both prenatal or early adult exposures to electromagnetic radiation. Effects of EMF have also been reported at the cellular level, including alterations in intracellular signalling pathways such as ionic distribution and changes in calcium (Ca+2) ion permeability. Several in vivo studies have also reported effects of RF-EMF on behaviour, neurotransmitters and blood–brain barrier permeability. In addition to the cellular effects of electromagnetic radiation, the potential carcinogenic effects of EMF emitted by mobile phones has been investigated in various previous studies [15–20].
The prenatal effects of EMF exposure can include cell death and inhibition of the differentiation of neural stem cells. EMF exposure can also affect neurogenesis in both the developing and adult brain [10]. Bas et al. suggested that EMF exposure can affect the new formation of cells in the cornu ammonis (CA) of the hippocampus during the embryonic development. This may result in deterioration of behavioural and cognitive functions involving learning tasks and short-term memory [7]. Although many in vitro and in vivo experimental studies have been performed, the potential effects of EMF exposure on the central nervous system are still unclear.[iii]
While answering this question I would like to write one thing first. Most of the News journal, people, teachers, even many of Neurotically expert’s belief there is a link between Radiation and cancer, but maximum of them don’t know the cause of cancer. So, I am going to write in details about cancer.
When I searched on internet about how cancer begins, all of them started from tumour but that`s not the beginning.
Life is based on the ability of cells
to reproduce or make copies of themselves. This is done by a process
called cell division = one cell divides into two cells.
Somatic Cells: body
cells of an organism that do all the 'daily' functions of the organism
Germ Cells: reproductive
cells - eggs and sperm
A cell spends a good part of its
"life" working and growing, breaking down sugars, making ATP,
synthesizing proteins, enzymes, and other macromolecules.
At other times, the cell prepares for
reproduction, or cell division, where 1 cell will divide to form 2
"daughter" cells, and the whole process will start over again!
|
G1 |
Growth
of cell, development of organelles, making and breaking of macromolecules,
repairing wounds, sorting proteins, cellular work. Also called "Gap
1". |
|
S |
Synthesis
DNA replication - the cell makes a copy of each of its chromosomes, in
preparation for cell division (mitosis). |
|
G2 |
Growth
(more) and more preparation for cell division. Also called "Gap 2". |
|
M |
Mitosis
distribution of the replicated chromosomes to two cells |
Chromosomes: are found in the nucleus of
cells and are made of DNA - repeating sequences of bases (A, T, C, G) - coiled
tightly around histone proteins. An individual chromosome is
one, l...o...n...g... DNA molecule which is highly coiled and
condensed. The total number base pairs in all the chromosomes ONE human cell is
approximately three billion (3,000,000,000); individual chromosomes
range from 30 to 150 million base pairs EACH.
Humans have 46 chromosomes, (really
23 pairs of chromosomes, one originally from mon and one from dad). Each
chromosome contains a few thousand genes, that "code for"
all cellular proteins.
Cells do not just divide randomly into
two cells during cell division; they must also distribute an exact copy
of each of their chromosomes to each new cell.
Why the need to be so precise? Each chromosome
contains thousands of genes, each necessary to the proper
functioning of the organism. It is vital that each new cell gets the same set
of chromosomes that its parent cell once had!
Humans have ~120,000 genes spread over
46 chromosomes in EACH ONE of our somatic (body) cells. EACH
ONE of these cells is genetically identical to each other.
Obviously, some SERIOUS organizational
skills are needed to make sure this process runs smoothly......
A cell first prepares to go through
mitosis by first making a copy of its all its DNA (in S phase), so that each
new cell can receive a complete set of chromosomes.
After S phase, each replicated
chromosome is then composed of two identical parts - each copy of DNA is called
a sister chromatid, held together by a centromere. The
chromatids need to stay together to keep things "organized" in the
cell.
Diploid: indicates that our body cells have 23
pairs of chromosomes - and every time our body cells reproduce, each
NEW cell must also end up with 23 pairs of chromosomes. We
will discuss this today.
Haploid: indicates that a cell has only ONE copy of each
chromosome - this is necessary for the process of sexual reproduction.  Upon fertilization, the new baby now has the 'correct' human
number of 46 chromosomes in each of its somatic cells. We will talk about this
Wednesday.
Cancer is essentially a disease
of mitosis - the normal 'checkpoints' regulating mitosis are ignored
or overridden by the cancer cell. Cancer begins when a single cell is transformed
or converted from a normal cell to a cancer cell. Often this is because of a
change in function of one of several genes that normally function to control
growth. (i.e. the cell cycle gene p53, the "guardian of the
genome" that is mutated in over 50% of all human cancers) or supress tumor formation (ie the
"Breast Cancer Gene" BRCA 1).
Once these crucial Cell Cycle genes start
behaving abnormally, cancer cells start to proliferate wildly by repeated,
uncontrolled mitosis.

Tumours - Good Cells gone Bad...? The
cancer cells proliferate to form mass of cancer cells called a tumour. As the tumour
grows larger, it begins to release proteins from the cell to attract new blood
vessel growth (this is called "angiogenesis"). At point the tumour
contains ~ 1 million cells and is about the size of a 'bb'.
Benign: tumour
cells remain at original site.
Malignant: some tumour
cells send out signals that tell the body to produce a new blood vessel at the tumour
site. These cells not only have a food and oxygen supply, they also have an
avenue for escape to a new part of the body - through the new
blood vessel and into bloodstream. Cells that break away from the tumour begin
to spread to surrounding tissues (via the bloodstream or lymph) and start new tumours
= metastasis.
Cancer cells are frequently "immortal":
whereas normal cells divide about 50 times and they die, cancer cells can go on
dividing indefinitely if supplied with nutrients (See essay on HeLa cells a
cancer cell line used in cancer research that has been growing since 1951).
Cancer cells often have unusual numbers
of chromosomes or mutations in chromosomes. Aging (production
of toxic oxygen "free radicals"), exposure to toxins (like
components of tobacco), mutagens (like ultraviolet light) all
cause mutations in genes, but normal errors in DNA replication can lead
transformation of the cell if they occur in a crucial gene.
Cancer cells may also have an
abnormal cell surface; instead of "sticking" to its neighbouring
cells, cancer calls tend to "round up" and break attachments its neighbours’
cells, allowing for metastasis.
The best understood biological effect of electromagnetic fields is to cause dielectric heating. For example, touching or standing around an antenna while a high-power transmitter is in operation can cause severe burns or heating issues. These are exactly the kind of burns that would be caused inside a microwave oven, where microwave make vibrate to the polar molecule and this vibration make the object hot inside oven.
This heating effect varies with the power and the frequency of the electromagnetic energy, as well as the distance to the source. A measure of the heating effect is the specific absorption rate or SAR, which has units of watts per kilogram (W/kg). The IEEE and many national governments have established safety limits for exposure to various frequencies of electromagnetic energy based on SAR, mainly based on ICNIRP Guidelines, which guard against thermal damage.
There are publications which support the existence of complex biological and neurological effects of weaker non-thermal electromagnetic fields, including weak ELF magnetic fields and modulated RF and microwave fields. Fundamental mechanisms of the interaction between biological material and electromagnetic fields at non-thermal levels are not fully understood that’s why I want to reveal the truth and the parameter which we neglect thinking they are negligible but actually they have high impact.
A broad range of health effects have been reported with cell phone use. Neurologic effects are of particular concern in young persons since the brain is the primary exposed organ. However, studies of memory, learning, and cognitive function have generally produced inconsistent results.
·
1. Cell phone radiation has been classified as a
"possible human carcinogen" by the World Health Organization. Yes,
this is true! It poses an increased risk of brain cancer from heavy, long-term
use.
·
2. A two-year study conducted by the Radiation and Nuclear
Safety Authority in Finland found that brain tissue damage could be caused by
radiation from mobile phones.
·
Your
cell phone usage could very well give you a tumour! An Italian court recently
ruled that a man's heavy mobile phone use caused him to develop a benign brain
tumour. He testified that his job required him to use his cell phone for 3-4
hours every day, for 15 years.
·
While
your child may constantly beg you for your cell phone to play the latest
version of Candy Crush Saga, you might want to tell him no once in a while.
Research shows that the bone marrow of a child's head absorbs almost ten times
more radiation than an adult. Yes, you read that right
·
Our
cell phones are powerful enough to accelerate our brain activity, even after
just 50 minutes of use. This just goes to show how sensitive our brain is to
electromagnetic radiation, and how this could greatly affect us in the
long-term.
·
An analysis of data from five Northern European countries in
the Interphone study showed an increased risk of acoustic neuroma only in those
who had used a cell phone for 10 or more years
·
No association was observed between cell phone use and the
incidence of glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neuroma, even among people who had
been cell phone subscribers for 13 or more years
·
Self-reported cell phone use was not associated with an
increased risk of glioma, meningioma, or non-central nervous system tumours.
Although the original published findings reported an association with an
increased risk of acoustic neuroma (14), this association disappeared after
additional years of follow-up of the cohort.
Penguins: The world’s second-largest penguin
colony has collapsed in just a few decades, falling from half a million
breeding pairs in the 1980s to just tens of thousands in 2017. Breeding colonies
of king penguins (Aptenodytes catatonics) occupy unvegetated ground on
islands in the Southern Ocean, including the remote Ile aux Cochons. Helicopter
and satellite images taken in 1982 and 1988 showed that the island hosted some
500,000 breeding pairs — a population that was second in size only to a colony of chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis Antarctica) in the South Sandwich
Islands. Analysing new helicopter and satellite images from 2015 and
2017, Henri Weimerskirch at the French National Center for Scientific Research
in Villiers en Bois and his colleagues found that vegetation has overrun much
of the penguins’ breeding ground. The team estimates that the colony’s numbers
have dropped by 88% in 35 years, to 60,000 breeding pairs. Nearly one-third of
the world’s king penguins have disappeared in the collapse.
Crane-like: Many parrot species are in decline and several are extinct. Of the 350 or so living species, 130 are listed as near threatened or worse by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and 16 of which are currently considered critically endangered.
Parrot: Many parrot species are in decline and several are extinct. Of the 350 or so living species, 130 are listed as near threatened or worse by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and 16 of which are currently considered critically endangered. The endangered species
House Sparrow And Pigeon: Sparrow, by far, is the most familiar bird in the world. It has shared 10000 years of relationship with mankind. Overtime it has come to be called the natural bio-indicator of Environmental Health. The house sparrow has an extremely large range and population, and is not seriously threatened by human activities, so it is assessed as least concern for conservation on the IUCN Red List. However, populations have been declining in many parts of the world. These declines were first noticed in North America, where they were initially attributed to the spread of the house finch but have been most severe in Western Europe. Declines have not been universal, as no serious declines have been reported from Eastern Europe, but have even occurred in Australia, where the house sparrow was introduced recently. The no. of house Sparrow is continue decreasing, mostly in urban area. Maximum People, Organisation and reporting Material support that this happens due to Mobile Tower Radiation. To take this scenario more trustworthy, I am going to discuss about all the parameter.
· In Great Britain, populations peaked in the early 1970s, but have since declined by 68% overall, and about 90% in some regions. In London, the house sparrow almost disappeared from the central city. The numbers of house sparrows in the Netherlands have dropped in half since the 1980s, so the house sparrow is even considered an endangered species. This status came to widespread attention after a female house sparrow, referred to as the "Dominomus", was killed after knocking down dominoes arranged as part of an attempt to set a world record. These declines are not unprecedented, as similar reductions in population occurred when the internal combustion engine replaced horses in the 1920s and a major source of food in the form of grain spillage was lost.
· The decline in sparrow population was first recorded during the British Industrial Revolution, as the grime and soot started polluting the atmosphere. Then their population started reducing in other European countries. Question arises here that during this period there was not too much electromagnetic radiation nor Mobile tower, so why their number started to decrease?
· But the biggest blow to them was during the reign of Chairman Mao, Chinese premier, who launched the four pest campaign in which millions of sparrows were killed. Consequent drought killed nearly 20 million people. Even the Chinese realized that sparrows contributed to the balance of the ecosystem but the damage they had done was irreversible.
·
Sparrows eat insects. Before
urbanization, sparrows were considered farmer's best friend, eating
all the insects in the farmland and once again once when the crops were
harvested. In the first 15 days after birth, host(sparrow baby) is
dependent on the fresh insect larva which it devours. However, in the modern
era, the widespread loss of habitat and excessive
insecticide usage has taken away their mode of subsistence.
· Additionally, the air and water pollution has also contributed to the down-spiraling numbers.
· A study by University of Sheffield found that industrial and traffic noise can make it difficult for adult sparrows to hear their young, which results in them not being fed.
· Collision with ceiling fan is another reason that house sparrow can`t live in house anymore.
· Most of beautiful subspecies are reserved into cage in our house where they are unable to reproduce and the number decrease
· At morning, after waking up, we check our mobile phone notification, and forget to fed the birds.
· The introduction of unleaded petrol, which produces toxic compounds such as methyl nitrite, is another reason for decrease.
Nightjars: Following a catastrophic decline in range of more than 50% of 10-km squares between breeding atlases, the 1992 national survey revealed a welcome increase of 50% in population size since 1981, probably due to the increased availability of young forest habitat as plantations were felled and replanted (Morris et al. 1994). A National Nightjar Survey in 2004 revealed that a further 36% increase had taken place in the UK population in 12 years, with a 2.6% increase in the number of 10-km squares occupied (Conway et al. 2007). There was evidence of population declines and range contractions since 1992, however, in North Wales, northwest England, and Scotland. Although annual nest record sample are very small, the increases in nest failure rates and decreases in clutch and brood sizes have resulted in the inclusion of Nightjar on the NRS concern list (Leech & Barimore 2008). A steep linear decrease is evident in the number of fledglings per breeding attempt. A recent study suggests that nest failure is most likely in areas heavily frequented by walkers and dogs (Langston et al. 2007). 3,400 males in 1992 (Morris et al. 1994: BiE04, APEP06); 4,600 males in 2004 (Conway et al. 2007).
Kite - The red kite suffered from intensive human persecution through much of its world range, which is mainly in Europe, until the mid-1950s, but especially so between 1850 and 1900[v] . But in recent Years, Kite has become extinct due to urban civilization even some studies observed kites love to build their nest in mobile cite, or top building where exposure is high. Its one type of strong evidence that Radiation coming from Mobile tower does not effect at all.
Vulture and Eagle- Nine species of vulture can be found living in India, but
most are now in danger of extinction after a rapid and major population
collapse in recent decades. As recently as the 1980s there were up to 80
million white-rumped vultures (Gyps bengalensis) in India, but today the
population numbers only several thousand. Population
of three Gyps vultures in South Asia decreased by about 95% in
the 1990s. A major contributing factor in declining populations of vultures is
believed to be widespread use of drugs such as diclofenac, once commonly used as a livestock anti-inflammatory drug.
Use of diclofenac is now banned in India. The IUCN Red Data Book has
listed Gyps bengalensis as "critically endangered".
In winter 2012, 56 vultures in three species (Eurasian griffon, cinereous vulture, Egyptian vulture) and 10 steppe eagles were found dead at Jorbeer dumping site. Six Eurasian griffons were found dead in
May 2013 due to dehydration and wing weakness. The area has been declared as a
conserved forest area, but the dead animal dumping site is not part of the
protected area. The dramatic vulture
decline observed across India presents a range of ecological threats, by
influencing the numbers and distribution of other scavenging species.[vi]
The presence of
anti-knocking agents like lead in petrol is known to cause deadly poisoning in
birds.
Honey
bees — wild and domestic — perform about 80 percent of all
pollination worldwide. A single bee colony can pollinate 300 million flowers
each day. Grains are primarily pollinated by the wind, but fruits, nuts and vegetables are
pollinated by bees. Seventy out of the top 100 human food
crops — which supply about 90 percent of the world’s
nutrition — are pollinated by bees. Worldwide bee colony collapse is
not as big a mystery as the chemical industry claims. The systemic nature
of the problem makes it complex, but not impenetrable. Scientists know that
bees are dying from a variety of factors—pesticides, drought, habitat
destruction, nutrition deficit, air pollution, global warming and more.
Many of these causes are interrelated. The bottom line is that we
know humans are largely responsible for the two most prominent
causes: pesticides and habitat loss.
The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) population in North
America has sharply declined over the last two decades. Despite rising concern
over the monarch butterfly’s status, no comprehensive study of the factors
driving this decline has been conducted. Using partial least-squares
regressions and time-series analysis, we investigated climatic and habitat
related factors influencing monarch population size from 1993 to 2014.
Potential threats included climatic factors, habitat loss (milkweed and
overwinter forest), disease and agricultural insecticide use (neonicotinoids).
While climatic factors, principally breeding season temperature, were important
determinants of annual variation in abundance, our results indicated strong
negative relationships between population size and habitat loss variables,
principally glyphosate use, but also weaker negative effects from the loss of
overwinter forest and breeding season use of neonicotinoids. Further declines
in population size because of glyphosate application are not expected. Thus, if
remaining threats to habitat are mitigated, we expect climate-induced stochastic
variation of the eastern migratory population of monarch butterfly around a
relatively stationary population size.[vii]
The
Earth’s magnetic field provides potentially useful information, which birds
could use for directional and/or positional information. It has been clearly
demonstrated that birds are able to sense the compass direction of the Earth’s
magnetic field and that they can use this information as part of a compass
sense. Magnetic information could also be useful as part of a map sense, and
there is a growing body of evidence that birds are able to determine their
approximate position on the Earth on the basis of geomagnetic cues. In addition
to direct uses for orientation and navigation, magnetic information also seems
to be able to influence other physiological processes, such as fattening and
migratory motivation, as a trigger for changes in behaviour. Although the behavioural
responses to geomagnetic cues are relatively well understood, the physiological
mechanisms enabling birds to sense the Earth's magnetic field are only starting
to be understood, and understanding the magnetic sense(s) of animals, including
birds, remains one of the most significant unsolved problems in biology. It is very challenging to
sense magnetic fields as weak as that of the Earth using only biologically
available materials. Only two basic mechanisms are considered theoretically
viable in terrestrial animals: iron-mineral-based magnetoreception and radical-pair
based magnetoreception. On the basis of current scientific evidence,
iron-mineral-based magnetoreception and radical-pair-based magnetoreception
mechanisms seem to exist in birds, but they seem to be used for different
purposes. Plausible primary sensory molecules and a few brain areas involved in
processing magnetic information have been identified in birds for each of these
two types of magnetic senses. Nevertheless, we are still far away from
understanding the detailed function of any of the at least two different
magnetic senses existing in some if not all bird species, and, at present, no
primary sensory structure has been identified beyond reasonable doubt to be the
source of avian magnetoreception.
Maximum studies show that Bird Migration is affected by Mobile Tower radiation. Following is the list by peer reviewed journal:
· The growth of wireless telecommunication technologies causes increased electro smog. Radio frequency fields in the MHz range disrupt insect and bird orientation.
Radio frequency noise interferes with the primary process of
magnetoreception. Existing guidelines do not adequately protect wildlife.
Further research in this area is urgent.[viii]
The Caribbean
spiny lobster, Panulirus Argus, is a migratory
crustacean that uses Earth’s magnetic field as a navigational cue, but how
lobsters detect magnetic fields is not known. Magnetic material thought to be
magnetite has previously been detected in spiny lobsters, but its role in
magnetoreception, if any, remains unclear. As a first step toward investigating
whether lobsters might have magnetite-based magnetoreceptors, we subjected
lobsters to strong, pulsed magnetic fields capable of reversing the magnetic
dipole moment of biogenic magnetite crystals. Lobsters were subjected to a
single pulse directed from posterior to anterior and either: (1) parallel to
the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field (i.e., toward magnetic
north); or (2) antiparallel to the horizontal field (i.e., toward magnetic
south). An additional control group was handled but not subjected to a magnetic
pulse. After treatment, each lobster was tethered in a water-filled arena
located within 200 m of the capture location and allowed to walk in any
direction. Control lobsters walked in seemingly random directions and were not
significantly oriented as a group. In contrast, the two groups exposed to
pulsed fields were significantly oriented in approximately opposite directions.
Lobsters subjected to a magnetic pulse applied parallel to the geomagnetic
horizontal component walked westward; those subjected to a pulse directed
antiparallel to the geomagnetic horizontal component oriented approximately
northeast. The finding that a magnetic pulse alters subsequent orientation behaviour
is consistent with the hypothesis that magnetoreception in spiny lobsters is
based at least partly on magnetite-based magnetoreceptors.[ix]
With the growing use of wireless
devices in almost all day-to-day activities, exposure to radio-frequency radiation
has become an immediate health concern. It is imperative that the effects of
such radiation not only on humans, but also on other organisms be well
understood. In particular, it is critical to understand if RF radiation has any
bearing on the gene expression during embryonic development, as this is a
crucial and delicate phase for any organism. Owing to possible effects that RF
radiation may have on gene expression, it is essential to explore the
carcinogenic or teratogenic properties that it may show. This study observed
the effects of RF radiation emitted from a cellular telephone on the embryonic
development of zebrafish.[x]
This study observed the effects of RF
radiation emitted from a cellular telephone on the embryonic development of
zebra fish. The expression of the gene shah plays a key role in the early
development of the fish. This gene has homologs in humans as well as in other
model organisms. Additionally, several biomarkers indicative of cell stress
were examined: including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase
(SOD), and lipid peroxidation (LPO).[xi]
Magneto-reception in cows and other mammals: Evidence continues to accumulate that a wide range of organisms, from bacteria to vertebrates, can detect and orient to ambient magnetic fields (for examples see refs 2-4). Since the discovery that magnetic orientation by bacteria was due to the presence within the organism of magnetic particles of the ferric/ferrous oxide, magnetite, the search has begun for other biogenic deposits of inorganic magnetic material and ways in which the possession of such material might confer on the organism the ability to orient to ambient magnetic fields. Such magnetic material, often identified as magnetite, has been discovered in bees, homing pigeons, dolphins and various other organisms, including man. A variety of hypotheses for the use of magnetite in magnetic field detection have been proposed. We report here that bones from the region of the sphenoid/ethmoid sinus complex of humans are magnetic and contain deposits of ferric iron. The possible derivations and functions of these deposits are discussed.
Wood mice exposed to a 0.9 to
5 MHz frequency sweep changed their preference from north-south to
east-west. In contrast to birds, however, a constant frequency field tuned to
the Larmor frequency (1.33 MHz) had no effect on mouse orientation. In
sum, we demonstrated magnetoreception in wood mice and provide first evidence
for a radical-pair mechanism in a mammal. Open Access Paper: http://bit.ly/1zh1J91
In sum, we show that wood mice
possess a magnetic sense that they use to position their nests along the
NNE-SSW axis relative to the magnetic field. The NNE-SSW preference was not
altered by RF fields delivered at the Larmor frequency but was shifted by
approximately 90° by a RF frequency sweep (0.9–5 MHz repeated at
1 kHz) at an intensity of only ~5% that of the Larmor frequency stimulus.
The results point to the involvement
of a radical pair mechanism, the first such evidence for a mammal, although
further research is needed to provide a more thorough characterization of the
underlying mechanism.
The RF magnetic fields applied here
have peak intensities below the ICNIRP guidelines for general public exposure
(63, i.e., Brms = 0.92 µT/f [MHz], or Peak = 1.30 µT/f [MHz])
considered as harmless for human health. Yet, we show that they are sufficient
to affect behaviour in a mammal.[xii]
The aim of this work was to study
possible effects of environmental radiation pollution on plants. The
association between cellular telephone (short duration, higher amplitude) and
base station (long duration, very low amplitude) radiation exposure and the
growth rate of soybean (Glycine max) seedlings was investigated.
The exposure to higher amplitude
(41 V m−1) GSM radiation resulted in diminished outgrowth of
the epicotyl. The exposure to lower amplitude (5.7 V m−1) GSM
radiation did not influence outgrowth of epicotyl, hypocotyls, or roots. The
exposure to higher amplitude CW radiation resulted in reduced outgrowth of the
roots whereas lower CW exposure resulted in a reduced outgrowth of the
hypocotyl. Soybean seedlings were also exposed for 5 days to an extremely low
level of radiation (GSM 900 MHz, 0.56 V m−1) and
outgrowth was studied 2 days later. Growth of epicotyl and hypocotyl was found
to be reduced, whereas the outgrowth of roots was stimulated.
Our findings indicate that the
observed effects were significantly dependent on field strength as well as
amplitude modulation of the applied field.[xiii]
“Our analysis demonstrates that the
data from a substantial amount of the studies on RF-EMFs from mobile phones
show physiological and/or morphological effects (89.9%, p < 0.001).
Additionally, our analysis of the results from these reported studies
demonstrates that the maize, roselle, pea, fenugreek, duckweeds, tomato, onions
and mungbean plants seem to be very sensitive to RF-EMFs. Our findings also
suggest that plants seem to be more responsive to certain frequencies…”[xiv]
The simple answer is, No. The above peer reviewed journal does their job, but they misled the data as they are biased to harmfulness from beginning. The picture is quite complex because we just messed up with different parameter with only Mobile tower radiation or Radio wave frequency. The picture is more than the parameter they used in their journal and research paper. On the following section, I will mention all the parameter that is misinterpreted with the danger of radio tower wave.
Do cell phones cause brain cancer? now it doesn't seem to make sense that cell phones should cause cancer because the radiation they emit is non-ionizing which means it doesn't have enough energy to rip electrons off atoms or molecules and destroy DNA. the radiation from cell phones is almost identical to the radiation inside a microwave the wavelengths are almost the same about 15 centimetres long basically the same size as your phone. this led to various internet videos where cell phones were shown popping popcorn or cooking eggs now that is obviously impossible because the amount of power in a microwave is over a thousand times the power of radiation of microwaves emitted from your cell phone would you be concerned about living near a cell phone town do you think that's worse? the truth is this if you live in an area with better reception that means your phone must emit less microwaves in order to transmit to the tower. so, you're exposed to lower levels of microwave radiation living near a tower than living far from it. however there have been some scientific studies that show very high-level microwaves like those from a mobile phone can cause heat shock proteins to be released inside the body and it's thought that that could be related to the onset of cancer. so perhaps there is a reason to study the biological effects of cell phones on people. a recently published Swedish study found that cell phone users were 30% more likely to develop glioma that's the most common form of malignant brain cancer and it gets worse those people who had used a cell phone for over 25 years had a three-fold increase in this type of cancer. due to studies like that one and expert opinion the World Health Organization classified cell phone radiation as possibly carcinogenic to humans but now consider that brain cancers are exceedingly rare in any given year you have a three in 100,000 chance of developing of glioma. now according to the Swedish study long-term cell phone use can increase that risk up to nine in a hundred thousand. still a very small risk but a significant increase. now given the scarcity of brain cancers how can they really quantify this risk. the ideal way to do the experiment would be to perform a randomized control trial which is where you get a group of people who don't use cell phones randomly give half of them cell phones and force the other half to live without. then follow them for 15 to 20 years and see how many in each group developed glioma. you would need hundreds of thousands if not millions of people to take part because of just how rare brain tumours are and immediately you can spot the problem with this experimental design virtually everyone already has a cell phone. I mean there are more mobile devices than there are people on earth more people have access to a cell phone than to a working toilet so the next best way to do the experiment would be to perform a prospective observational study in which you gather a group of people and follow them over a period of decades monitoring their cell phone use and then you find out how many developed glioma and correlate that with their cell phone usage. the problem is people who use their cell phones a lot may differ in other ways than just their cell phone use plus there's the problem of scale even if you followed around 50,000 people for 10 years, you'd only expect to observe 20 gliomas and that's not nearly enough to detect a difference between the groups. so, the third way to do the experiment is to perform a case control study where you collect a group of people who have brain tumours those are the cases and you find a demographically very similar group who don't have brain tumours. those are the controls and then you ask them about their behaviours over the previous decade and see if they differ markedly between the groups. for example did the brain tumour cases use their phones a lot more than the controls the Swedish study was one of these large-scale case control studies but there is a question about whether this study was methodologically flawed in hindsight if you get a brain tumour you might remember using your phone more than you did and if you don't have a brain tumour you might remember using it less now there have been a few prospective studies completed including one in Denmark using almost the entire Danish population and records from their cell phone companies and they found no link between cell phone usage and incidence of brain cancer another prospective study using almost 1 million women in the UK again found no link. so what are we supposed to believe then? what are we supposed to believe this is where I think we really need to figure out the right methodology exactly to look at it and here's a thing right over the last 15 to 20 years almost everyone is used to mobile phone mobile phone use has gone way up everyone's going so you can look at the actual brain cancer rates on the overall population and if there is a link you would expect that to be going up is it? it is not okay if the results of the Swedish study were correct then the rates of glioma would be more than 40 percent higher than they are so it is extremely unlikely that cell phones actually cause brain cancer and if they do either the effects take decades to show or the increase in risk is very very small [xv]
The parameter which is directly linked to Mobile phones but still unconvincing to researcher. The following is the list of parameters.
Life expectancy has increased rapidly since the
Enlightenment. Estimates suggest that in a pre-modern, poor world, life
expectancy was around 30 years in all regions of the world. In the early 19th
century, life expectancy started to increase in the early industrialized
countries while it stayed low in the rest of the world. This led to a very high
inequality in how health was distributed across the world. Good health in the
rich countries and persistently bad health in those countries that remained
poor. Over the last decades this global inequality decreased. Countries that
not long ago were suffering from bad health are catching up rapidly. Since
1900 the global average life expectancy has more than doubled and is now
approaching 70 years. No country in the world has a lower life expectancy than
the the countries with the highest life expectancy in 1800.
The chart also shows how low life expectancy was in
some countries in the past: A century ago life expectancy in India
and South Korea was as low as 23 years. A century later, life expectancy
in India has almost tripled and in South Korea it has almost quadrupled.
This graph shows that developed country where Mobile frequency is more existing, radio, tv, Wi-Fi included, the life expectancy is more than the non-developed country such as Africa where intensity and abundance of radio frequency is such low. So, this is one of the evidences that cell phone tower or radio frequency is not as harmful as we think it. And most importantly, the first radio station which used radio frequency wave, started on 1920. The graph shows that from around 1920 the rising started.
· The maximum research is based on asking question to groups, one of the groups use too much mobile and keep it with them all time, another group don’t use mobile. But this process is problematic as both group participants are exposed to same amount of radio frequency. The radio wave is everywhere with all other invisible waves of spectrum exist as well. Mobile is such device like radio which tune to specific frequency and hence we can decrypt the information carried out by radio waves. The problem happens to the group of heavy using mobile as the problem is psychological. This generation surf the social media much more in virtual medium so browsing social media in mobile actually make us lonely. We got depression, headache, muscle pain as we sit for hours to browse the internet, we likely to edit our own picture which seems like we actually don’t like our original version so we put a filter on our face and philosophically it is the tendency of human beings that we likely to blame others on our own problem which is very similar to the fact that using mobile for long time making us unhappy, sad and depressed and we just blame to Mobile tower radiation.[xvii]
· Our popular news paper journalist and editor neither scientist nor they understand the core of science, they just know how to make attractive headlines and story. So most of them just concluded that Mobile phone tower radiation is harmful which make impact to readers psychologically, the system of believing make us weak to the fact even it’s not harmful. In recent, most of daily news paper printed that 5G technology testing kills hundreds of birds in Holland.[xviii] But the story is different.[xix]
· The using of mobile phones in dark room specially in night can destroy the sleeping order which in order return some unusual health effect such as memory loss, less intelligence.[xx]
· The most consistent health risk associated with cell phone use is distracted driving and vehicle accidents.
· Urbanization is the most important factor here.
· The food for bird is unable in city.
· The birds can’t find the right place like Cornish or tree in city too much to live.
· The global warming.

· The toxic water and unpleasant air condition in earth is major key to the endangered of bird.
The effects of EMR
upon chemical compounds and biological organisms depend both upon the
radiation's power and its frequency. EMR of visible or lower frequencies (i.e.,
visible light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves) is called non-ionizing
radiation, because its photons do not individually have enough energy to ionize
atoms or molecules or break chemical bonds. Even the high intensity can’t
ionize atoms as theory of photoelectric effect.[xxi] The
effects of these radiations on chemical systems and living tissue are caused
primarily by heating effects from the combined energy transfer of many photons.
In contrast, high frequency ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays are called
ionizing radiation, since individual photons of such high frequency have enough
energy to ionize molecules or break chemical bonds. These radiations can cause
chemical reactions and damage living cells beyond that resulting from simple
heating and can be a health hazard.
So, Radio frequency
waves from Mobile tower, is actually heating up but its very little to measure.
There is no potential of danger. Using the mobile phone and keeping it with you
all time can change your life style, the philosophy of your own, and obviously
it is actually harmful for psychology as it is same as drug. But we can’t mix
two different issues in single topic. A biased and politically corrupted theory
is everywhere but you have to know the science before engaging with it. To the
environment, the harmful impact is negligible and its effect on migration of
birds is something hazy to clearly say. So, the final answer of the question “Is
mobile phone tower radiation dangerous to environment?”
[iii] https://ac.els-cdn.com/S2213879X17300524/1-s2.0-S2213879X17300524-main.pdf?_tid=277199a1-5ea0-4f2a-9e2f-2e65e0f813f1&acdnat=1546073125_44d1358de892cd5227fb6f922e6774e1
[iv]
Croxall, J. P., Butchart S. H. M.,
Lascelles, B., Stattersfield A. J., Sullivan B., Symes, A. and Taylor, P.
(2012) Seabird conservation status, threats and priority actions: a global
assessment. Bird Conserv. Int. 22:1–34.
[v] https://www.rspb.org.uk/birds-and-wildlife/wildlife-guides/bird-a-z/red-kite/population-trends/#Xf34JA2UrWiLjHOq.99
[xviii] http://www.radiationdangers.com/5g/hundreds-of-birds-drop-dead-during-5g-experiment-in-the-hague-the-netherlands/
[xix] https://www-forbes-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/02/02/the-truth-about-cell-phone-radiation/amp/?amp_js_v=a2&_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQECAFYAQ%3D%3D#aoh=15461067794535&_ct=1546108259426&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&_tf=From%20%251%24s&share=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fquora%2F2018%2F02%2F02%2Fthe-truth-about-cell-phone-radiation%2F


Pokemon designer and Game Freak share artwork for Pokemon Sword & Shield launch
by My Nintendo News AdminThe long-awaited next adventures in the Pokemon franchise is out today on Nintendo Switch, Pokemon Sword & Shield. To celebrate the games release, Pokemon Sword & Shield art director James Turner has shared a special image to celebrate its release. In fact Mr. Turner has been sharing artwork all week on Twitter and you can check his account here.
Update: Here’s the launch artwork from Game Freak


Before Change
predictions_probs = self.get_expert_predictions_probs([x])
//// 2. Output prediction:
output_pred = np.argmax(np.sum(
[pred_probs * w for pred_probs, w in zip(predictions_probs, (exp.weight for exp in self.experts))],
axis=0
))
//// 3. Update expert weights:
self.update_expert_weights(map(np.argmax, predictions_probs), y)
After Change
predictions = self.get_expert_predictions(X)
//// 2. Get aggregate prediction:
output_pred = np.argmax(self._aggregate_expert_predictions(predictions))
//// 3. Update expert weights:
self.update_expert_weights(predictions, y)


Cene is a programming language dedicated to simplifying the experience of programming on all fronts.
It isn't enough for Cene to be a language that's easy to use.
Some of the most arcane techniques in programming have come about because it's been even harder to go without them.
It isn't enough for Cene to be simple within a well-defined problem domain.
Much of the complexity of programming comes about when a project crosses domains and has to make various tools work together.
It isn't enough for Cene to be a good tool for today's programmers.
It must also be simple for those personally affected by Cene software to take ownership of their stake, including future generations who may have trouble dealing with Cene's technicalities or dated assumptions.
Cene isn't enough.
Perhaps no language can be enough.
And Cene has been designed with that in mind.
Thanks to Cene's macros and namespaces, tools that appear to be built into the language can turn out to be libraries, so Cene is not anchored to its old design decisions.
Thanks to Cene's quasiquotation and string quasiquotation, it's easy to write Cene code that generates code that a fork of Cene can load.
Thanks to Cene's "
follow-heart
" operation, some of a program's decisions are explicitly left up to the user and their chosen Cene implementation, so a program doesn't have to be set in its ways. This has the potential to release pressure that could have otherwise driven other parts of the language semantics to be subjective or complicated. With the resulting simplicity, we hope for Cene to be about as easy to standardize as Scheme or SML.Interested in using Cene? The readme at the GitHub repo has a somewhat more in-depth introduction with instructions, and there's a sample project you can take a look at to get started. Cene isn't exactly stable yet, and we're working on improving the error messages in the experimental Cene Mk. II project, but it can be useful with enough patience. If you run into errors, try debugging the language implementation in the Node.js inspector, or open an issue on GitHub.
Thanks for stopping by! Cene ya later.


Social networking, identity and privacy have been at the center of how we interact with the Web in the last decade. The explosion of social networking sites has brought the world closer together as well as created new points of pain regarding ease of use and the Web. Remembering login details, passwords, and sharing private information across the many websites and social groups that we are a part of has become more difficult and complicated than necessary. The Social Web is designed to ensure that control of identity and privacy settings is always simple and under one's control. WebID is a key enabler of the Social Web. This specification outlines a simple universal identification mechanism that is distributed, openly extensible, improves privacy, security and control over how one can identify themselves and control access to their information on the Web.
There are a number of concepts that are covered in this document that the reader may want to be aware of before continuing. General knowledge of public key cryptography and RDF [[!RDF-PRIMER]] and RDFa [[!RDFA-CORE]] is necessary to understand how to implement this specification. WebID uses a number of specific technologies like HTTP over TLS [[!HTTP-TLS]], X.509 certificates [[!X509V3]], RDF/XML [[!RDF-SYNTAX-GRAMMAR]] and XHTML+RDFa [[!XHTML-RDFA]].
A general Introduction is provided for all that would like to understand why this specification is necessary to simplify usage of the Web.
The terms used throughout this specification are listed in the section titled Terminology.
Developers that are interested in implementing this specification will be most interested in the sections titled Authentication Sequence and Authentication Sequence Details.
The WebID specification is designed to help alleviate the difficultly that remembering different logins, passwords and settings for websites has created. It is also designed to provide a universal and extensible mechanism to express public and private information about yourself. This section outlines the motivation behind the specification and the relationship to other similar specifications that are in active use today.
It is a fundamental design criteria of the Web to enable individuals and organizations to control how they interact with the rest of society. This includes how one expresses their identity, public information and personal details to social networks, Web sites and services.
Semantic Web vocabularies such as Friend-of-a-Friend (FOAF) permit distributed hyperlinked social networks to exist. This vocabulary, along with other vocabularies, allow one to add information and services protection to distributed social networks.
One major criticism of open networks is that they seem to have no way of protecting the personal information distributed on the web or limiting access to resources. Few people are willing to make all their personal information public, many would like large pieces to be protected, making it available only to a selected group of agents. Giving access to information is very similar to giving access to services. There are many occasions when people would like services to only be accessible to members of a group, such as allowing only friends, family members, colleagues to post an article, photo or comment on a blog. How does one do this in a flexible way, without requiring a central point of access control?
Using a process made popular by OpenID, we show how one can tie a User Agent to a URI by proving that one has write access to the URI. WebID is an authentication protocol which uses X.509 certificates to associate a User Agent (Browser) to a Person identified via a URI. A WebID profile can also be used for OpenID, WebID provides a few additional features such as trust management via digital signatures, and free-form extensibility via RDF. By using the existing SSL certificate exchange mechanism, WebID integrates smoothly with existing Web browsers, including browsers on mobile devices. WebID also permits automated session login in addition to interactive session login. Additionally, all data is encrypted and guaranteed to only be received by the person or organization that was intended to receive it.
Subject Alternative Name
extension with at least one URI entry
identifying the http://example.org/webid#public
would contain the following:
X509v3 extensions: ... X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: URI:http://example.org/webid#public
TODO: cover the case where there are more than one URI entry
Subject Alternative Name
extension
of the Whether or not RDF/XML, XHTML+RDFa 1.1, both or neither serialization of RDF should be required serialization formats in the specification is currently under heavy debate.
The user agent will create a Subject Alternative Name
URI entry. This URI must be one that
dereferences to a document the user controls so that he can publish the
public key of the
For example, if a user Joe controls http://joe.example/profile
,
then his WebID can be http://joe.example/profile#me
explain why the WebID URI is different from the URI of the WebID profile document.
As an example to use throughout this specification here is the following certificate as an output of the openssl program.
Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 5f:df:d6:be:2c:73:c1:fb:aa:2a:2d:23:a6:91:3b:5c Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: O=FOAF+SSL, OU=The Community of Self Signers, CN=Not a Certification Authority Validity Not Before: Jun 8 14:16:14 2010 GMT Not After : Jun 8 16:16:14 2010 GMT Subject: O=FOAF+SSL, OU=The Community Of Self Signers/UID=https://example.org/profile#me, CN=Joe (Personal) Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption Public-Key: (2048 bit) Modulus: 00:cb:24:ed:85:d6:4d:79:4b:69:c7:01:c1:86:ac: c0:59:50:1e:85:60:00:f6:61:c9:32:04:d8:38:0e: 07:19:1c:5c:8b:36:8d:2a:c3:2a:42:8a:cb:97:03: 98:66:43:68:dc:2a:86:73:20:22:0f:75:5e:99:ca: 2e:ec:da:e6:2e:8d:15:fb:58:e1:b7:6a:e5:9c:b7: ac:e8:83:83:94:d5:9e:72:50:b4:49:17:6e:51:a4: 94:95:1a:1c:36:6c:62:17:d8:76:8d:68:2d:de:78: dd:4d:55:e6:13:f8:83:9c:f2:75:d4:c8:40:37:43: e7:86:26:01:f3:c4:9a:63:66:e1:2b:b8:f4:98:26: 2c:3c:77:de:19:bc:e4:0b:32:f8:9a:e6:2c:37:80: f5:b6:27:5b:e3:37:e2:b3:15:3a:e2:ba:72:a9:97: 5a:e7:1a:b7:24:64:94:97:06:6b:66:0f:cf:77:4b: 75:43:d9:80:95:2d:2e:85:86:20:0e:da:41:58:b0: 14:e7:54:65:d9:1e:cf:93:ef:c7:ac:17:0c:11:fc: 72:46:fc:6d:ed:79:c3:77:80:00:0a:c4:e0:79:f6: 71:fd:4f:20:7a:d7:70:80:9e:0e:2d:7b:0e:f5:49: 3b:ef:e7:35:44:d8:e1:be:3d:dd:b5:24:55:c6:13: 91:a1 Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical CA:FALSE X509v3 Key Usage: critical Digital Signature, Non Repudiation, Key Encipherment, Key Agreement, Certificate Sign Netscape Cert Type: SSL Client, S/MIME X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 08:8E:A5:5B:AE:5D:C3:8B:00:B7:30:62:65:2A:5A:F5:D2:E9:00:FA X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: critical URI:https://joe.example/profile#me Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption cf:8c:f8:7b:b2:af:63:f0:0e:dc:64:22:e5:8a:ba:03:1e:f1: ee:6f:2c:f5:f5:10:ad:4c:54:fc:49:2b:e1:0d:cd:be:3d:7c: 78:66:c8:ae:42:9d:75:9f:2c:29:71:91:5c:29:5b:96:ea:e1: e4:ef:0e:5c:f7:07:a0:1e:9c:bf:50:ca:21:e6:6c:c3:df:64: 29:6b:d3:8a:bd:49:e8:72:39:dd:07:07:94:ac:d5:ec:85:b1: a0:5c:c0:08:d3:28:2a:e6:be:ad:88:5e:2a:40:64:59:e7:f2: 45:0c:b9:48:c0:fd:ac:bc:fb:1b:c9:e0:1c:01:18:5e:44:bb: d8:b8
Should we formally require the Issuer to be O=FOAF+SSL, OU=The Community of Self Signers, CN=Not a Certification Authority. This was discussed on the list as allowing servers to distinguish certificates that are foaf+Ssl enabled from others. Will probably need some very deep TLS thinking to get this right.
discuss the importance for UIs of the CN
The above certificate is no longer valid, as I took an valid certificate and change the time and WebID. As a result the Signatiure is now false. A completely valid certificate should be generated to avoid nit-pickers picking nits
The cert
and rsa
ontologies, as well as the cert
or xsd
datatypes.
The set of relations to be published at the
The document can publish many more relations than are of interest to the WebID protocol, as shown in the above graph by the grayed out relations.
The encoding of this graph is immaterial to the protocol, so long as a well known mapping to the format of the representation to such a graph can be found. Below we discuss the most well known formats, and a method for dealing with new unknown formats as they come along.
The WebID provider must publish the graph of relations in one of the well known formats, though he may publish it in a number of formats to increase the usability of his site using content negotiations.
Add content negotiation pointers
It is particularly useful to have one of the representations be in HTML or XHTML even if it is not marked up in RDFa as this allows people using a web browser to understand what the information at that URI represents.
A widely used format for writing RDF graphs is the Turtle notation.
@prefix cert: <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/cert#> . @prefix rsa: <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/rsa#> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix : <https://joe.example/profile#> . :me a foaf:Person; foaf:name "Joe"; cert:key [ a rsa:RSAPublicKey; rsa:modulus """ 00:cb:24:ed:85:d6:4d:79:4b:69:c7:01:c1:86:ac: c0:59:50:1e:85:60:00:f6:61:c9:32:04:d8:38:0e: 07:19:1c:5c:8b:36:8d:2a:c3:2a:42:8a:cb:97:03: 98:66:43:68:dc:2a:86:73:20:22:0f:75:5e:99:ca: 2e:ec:da:e6:2e:8d:15:fb:58:e1:b7:6a:e5:9c:b7: ac:e8:83:83:94:d5:9e:72:50:b4:49:17:6e:51:a4: 94:95:1a:1c:36:6c:62:17:d8:76:8d:68:2d:de:78: dd:4d:55:e6:13:f8:83:9c:f2:75:d4:c8:40:37:43: e7:86:26:01:f3:c4:9a:63:66:e1:2b:b8:f4:98:26: 2c:3c:77:de:19:bc:e4:0b:32:f8:9a:e6:2c:37:80: f5:b6:27:5b:e3:37:e2:b3:15:3a:e2:ba:72:a9:97: 5a:e7:1a:b7:24:64:94:97:06:6b:66:0f:cf:77:4b: 75:43:d9:80:95:2d:2e:85:86:20:0e:da:41:58:b0: 14:e7:54:65:d9:1e:cf:93:ef:c7:ac:17:0c:11:fc: 72:46:fc:6d:ed:79:c3:77:80:00:0a:c4:e0:79:f6: 71:fd:4f:20:7a:d7:70:80:9e:0e:2d:7b:0e:f5:49: 3b:ef:e7:35:44:d8:e1:be:3d:dd:b5:24:55:c6:13: 91:a1 """^^cert:hex; rsa:public_exponent "65537"^^cert:int ; ] .
There are many ways of writing out the above graph using RDFa in html. Here is just one example.

 Joe

My RSA Public Key

Modulus (hexadecimal)

 00:cb:24:ed:85:d6:4d:79:4b:69:c7:01:c1:86:ac: c0:59:50:1e:85:60:00:f6:61:c9:32:04:d8:38:0e: 07:19:1c:5c:8b:36:8d:2a:c3:2a:42:8a:cb:97:03: 98:66:43:68:dc:2a:86:73:20:22:0f:75:5e:99:ca: 2e:ec:da:e6:2e:8d:15:fb:58:e1:b7:6a:e5:9c:b7: ac:e8:83:83:94:d5:9e:72:50:b4:49:17:6e:51:a4: 94:95:1a:1c:36:6c:62:17:d8:76:8d:68:2d:de:78: dd:4d:55:e6:13:f8:83:9c:f2:75:d4:c8:40:37:43: e7:86:26:01:f3:c4:9a:63:66:e1:2b:b8:f4:98:26: 2c:3c:77:de:19:bc:e4:0b:32:f8:9a:e6:2c:37:80: f5:b6:27:5b:e3:37:e2:b3:15:3a:e2:ba:72:a9:97: 5a:e7:1a:b7:24:64:94:97:06:6b:66:0f:cf:77:4b: 75:43:d9:80:95:2d:2e:85:86:20:0e:da:41:58:b0: 14:e7:54:65:d9:1e:cf:93:ef:c7:ac:17:0c:11:fc: 72:46:fc:6d:ed:79:c3:77:80:00:0a:c4:e0:79:f6: 71:fd:4f:20:7a:d7:70:80:9e:0e:2d:7b:0e:f5:49: 3b:ef:e7:35:44:d8:e1:be:3d:dd:b5:24:55:c6:13: 91:a1

Exponent (decimal)

65537

If a WebID provider would rather prefer not to mark up his data in RDFa, but just provide a human readable format for users and have the RDF graph appear in a machine readable format such as RDF/XML then he MAY publish the link from the HTML to a machine readable format (it this is available at a dedicated URI) as follows:
  <link type="rel" type="application/rdf+xml" href="profile.rdf"/>   ...
RDF/XML is easy to generate automatically from structured data, be it in object notation or in relational databases. Parsers for it are also widely available.
<?xml version="1.0"?> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:cert="http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/cert#" xmlns:rsa="http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/rsa#" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"> <foaf:Person rdf:about="https://joe.example/profile#me"> <foaf:name>Joe</foaf:name> <cert:key> <rsa:RSAPublicKey> <rsa:modulus rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/cert#hex"> 00:cb:24:ed:85:d6:4d:79:4b:69:c7:01:c1:86:ac: c0:59:50:1e:85:60:00:f6:61:c9:32:04:d8:38:0e: 07:19:1c:5c:8b:36:8d:2a:c3:2a:42:8a:cb:97:03: 98:66:43:68:dc:2a:86:73:20:22:0f:75:5e:99:ca: 2e:ec:da:e6:2e:8d:15:fb:58:e1:b7:6a:e5:9c:b7: ac:e8:83:83:94:d5:9e:72:50:b4:49:17:6e:51:a4: 94:95:1a:1c:36:6c:62:17:d8:76:8d:68:2d:de:78: dd:4d:55:e6:13:f8:83:9c:f2:75:d4:c8:40:37:43: e7:86:26:01:f3:c4:9a:63:66:e1:2b:b8:f4:98:26: 2c:3c:77:de:19:bc:e4:0b:32:f8:9a:e6:2c:37:80: f5:b6:27:5b:e3:37:e2:b3:15:3a:e2:ba:72:a9:97: 5a:e7:1a:b7:24:64:94:97:06:6b:66:0f:cf:77:4b: 75:43:d9:80:95:2d:2e:85:86:20:0e:da:41:58:b0: 14:e7:54:65:d9:1e:cf:93:ef:c7:ac:17:0c:11:fc: 72:46:fc:6d:ed:79:c3:77:80:00:0a:c4:e0:79:f6: 71:fd:4f:20:7a:d7:70:80:9e:0e:2d:7b:0e:f5:49: 3b:ef:e7:35:44:d8:e1:be:3d:dd:b5:24:55:c6:13: 91:a1 </rsa:modulus> <rsa:public_exponent rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/cert#int">65537</rsa:public_exponent> </rsa:RSAPublicKey> </cert:key> </foaf:Person> </rdf:RDF>
TODO: the dsa ontology
TODO: discuss other formats and GRDDL, XSPARQL options for xml formats
summarize and point to content negotiation documents
The following steps are executed by
Subject Alternative Name
extension of the
The
This section covers details about each step in the authentication process.
This section will detail how the TLS connection process is started and used by WebID to create a secure channel between the Identification Agent and the Verification Agent.
This section will detail how the certificate is selected and sent to the Verification Agent.
A application/rdf+xml
with a higher priority than
text/html
and application/xhtml+xml
. If the server
answers such a request with an HTML representation of the resource, this SHOULD
describe the WebID Profile with RDFa.
This section will explain how a Verification Agent extracts semantic data describing the identification credentials from a WebID Profile.
There are number of different ways to check that the public key given in the
X.509 certificate against the one provided by the
Assuming the public key is an RSA key, and that its modulus is "9D79BFE2498..." and exponent "65537" then the following SPARQL query could be used:
PREFIX cert: <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/cert#> PREFIX rsa: <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/rsa#> ASK { <http://example.org/webid#public> cert:key [ rsa:modulus "9D79BFE2498..."^^cert:hex; rsa:public_exponent "65537"^^cert:int; ] . }
If the query returns true, then the graph has validated the associated public key with the WebID.
The above requires the sparql endpoint (or the underlying triple store
to be able to do inferencing on dataytypes. This is because the numerical
values may be expressed with different xsd and cert datatypes which must all
be supported by
Should we define the base64 notation?
If the SPARQL endpoint doesn't provide a literal inferencing engine, then
the modulus should be extracted from the graph, normalised into a big integer
(integers without an upper bound), and compared with the values given in the
public key certificate. After replacing the ?webid
variable in the
following query with the required value the
PREFIX cert: <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/cert#> PREFIX rsa: <http://www.w3.org/ns/auth/rsa#> SELECT ?m ?e WHERE { ?webid cert:key [ rsa:modulus ?m ; rsa:public_exponent ?e ; ] . }
Here the verification agent must check that one of the answers for ?m and ?e matches the integer values of the modulus and exponent given in the public key in the certificate.
The public key could be a DSA key. We need to add an ontology for DSA too. What other cryptographic ontologies should we add?
This section will explain how a Verification Agent may use the information discovered via a WebID URI to determine if one should be able to access a particular resource. It will explain how a Verification Agent can use links to other RDFa documents to build knowledge about the given WebID.
This section will explain how an Identification Agent and a Verification Agent may communicate securely using a set of verified identification credentials.
If the
The
The following vocabularies are used in their shortened form in the subsequent sections:
Personal details are the most common requirement when registering an
account with a website. Some of these pieces of information include an e-mail
address, a name and perhaps an avatar image. This section includes
properties that SHOULD be used when conveying key pieces of personal information
but are NOT REQUIRED to be present in a
Cryptographic details are important when
cert:identity was previously used to associate an RSAPublicKey with a WebID URI. cert:identity has been deprecated in favor of its inverse property cert:key. Implementors are encouraged to publish WebID Profile Documents using cert:key. During this transitional period, implementations consuming WebID Profile Documents might still support the deprecated cert:identity as well as the stable cert:key.
2011-02-10 Move to W3C WebID XG. Updates from previous unofficial WebID group include changes on RDF/XML publishing in HTML, clarification on multiple SAN URIs and WebID verification steps.
2010-08-09 Updates from WebID community: moved OpenID/OAuth sections to separate document, switched to the URI terminology instead of URL, added "Creating the certificate" and "Publishing the WebID Profile document" sections with a WebID graph and serializations in Turtle and RDFa, improved SPARQL queries using literal notation with cert datatypes, updated list of contributors, and many other fixes.
2010-07-25 Added WebID Profile section.
2010-07-18 Updates from WebID community related to RDF/XML support, authentication sequence corrections, abstract and introduction updates.
2010-07-11 Initial version.
The following people have been instrumental in providing thoughts, feedback, reviews, criticism and input in the creation of this specification:


java.lang.Object
.
Such 'extends' clauses are redundant as java.lang.Object
is a supertype for all classes.
Example:
class ClassA<T extends Object> {}
If you need to preserve the 'extends Object' clause because of annotations, disable the
Ignore when java.lang.Object is annotated option.
This might be useful, for example, when you use a nullness analyzer, and the 'extends Object' clause
holds a @Nullable
/@NotNull
annotation.
Example:
class MyClass<T extends @NotNull Object> {}


Ronin
Rating: 81 % Starring: Robert DeNiro Jean Reno Natasha McElhone Director: John Frankenheimer After the dismal and complete disaster that was the 'Island of Dr Moreau, director John Frankenheimer could only do better in his next big screen effort. Well he has just done that. Ronin is an intriguing , but most of all a thrilling rollercoaster ride full of twists and turns and on the edge of your seat excitment. Just like the recent 'Negotiator' I was expecting another average action movie with the usual explosions and some above average acting. I was yet again surprised. And I do like surprises.
In Japan, a samurai must protect their master with their lives. The samurai whose master was killed was a disgrace, and they were forced to wander the land, looking for work as hired swords or assassins. A masterless warrior were reffered to as 'ronin'.
We are introduced to an array of enigmatic characters basically covering all four corners of the earth. We have an Irish contact called Deidre (Natasha McElhone), an American who has a great deal of knowledge regarding battle strategies and weapons (DeNiro), an English weapon specialist (Sean Bean), a French operative (Jean Reno) and another American that is the driver (Skip Sudduth).
It is set in the post Cold War era. A group of skilled people are hired to collect a certain mysterious briefcase, which stays a mystery until the end just like in 'Pulp Fiction'. Nobody is told what it contains or given any specific details. All the group knows is that it is always guarded by a group of bodyguards and that it is handcuffed to a man's arm. What they do know is that the price is high. And they are doing this job only for the money.
The movie is a wonderful action thriller. Probably the best I have seen in years. It is a wonderful tourism ad for Paris and Nice, showcasing the marvellous scenery. I have not seen Europe in all its splendour in a very long time since Harrison Ford's 'Frantic'. The movies these days only shows you cities somewhere in America like New York. I know New York so well by now, and I have not even been there yet. It has some amazing stunts and action sequences ever. There are two LONG car chasing scenes that is totally awesome. It is so exciting I did not want it to end. Action , action , action all the way.
The performances from the entire cast are all superb. DeNiro(Cape Fear; Heat) is great as usual. The scene where he guides Jean Reno and his mysterious friend to help him remove a bullet was quite funny and convincing. Reno (Godzilla; Professional) is an actor France should be more proud of more than Gerard Depardieu. He has really made a name for himself across the globe and especially in Tinsel Town. Natasha McElhone(Truman Show) as the Irish contact is quite convincing even with her Irish accent.She is one to watch out for in the future.
In conclusion all I can say is that if you like Die Hard then this is your movie. Miss it at your own peril.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


title: Proposal for ECMAScript enums stage: 0 contributors: Ron Buckton, Ecma International
Introduction
Foo: Identifier


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“Kutsotswa Stonyeni Gone Wrong” – ZRP Hunts For “Suspect” Who Dumped Lover At Lodge After Claiming It Was Parents’ House
by Timothy NdoroKutsotswa Stonyeni Gone Wrong
The Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) have revealed that they are hunting for a male suspect who dumped his lover at a city lodge after being intimate with her.
According to the police, the suspect duped the woman into having sexual intercourse with him after lying that the lodge was his parents’ house. Apparently, the suspect had told the woman that he was going to introduce her to his parents.
After the couple finished being intimate, the suspect then dumped the woman at the lodge after claiming that he was only stepping out for a few minutes. He never returned.
The police’s statement is rather confusing because they claim that the suspect ” became intimate with her” and they do not say that he raped the complainant or sexually molested her. Since the woman, in this case, is 18 years old, it begs the question of what charge the police will prefer aginst the suspect when they apprehend him as they have indicated.
Below is the statement shared by the police on their official social media page on Twitter,
Responding to the police’s statement, most social media users seem to be confused by how the matter becomes a police matter. Given the information shared by the police themselves, people are arguing that this seems to be a case of a lovers’ tiff or more extremely a case of “kutsotswa stonyeni” in the local parlance. Others also accused the police of using the wrong words in their statement which make it appear as if the intimacy was consensual when it might actually have been forced.
Also Read,
-
Machete gang leader gunned down in movie style shootout with the police
-
EXPOSED: ZRP Refuses To Open Docket Against VP Mohadi After AXE Attack On Ex-Wife
-
WATCH: “Ndimi Makauraya” – ZRP Officers Assault & Arrest Citizens Protesting Against Murder Of Vendor In Police Custody
-
Hard Times Bite As ZRP Officer-In-Charge Turns To Armed Robbery
To View and Apply for the latest Jobs and Vacancies in Zimbabwe, Please Visit our Sister website iHarare Jobs


Buhari: Construction of Ajaokuta-Kaduna-Kano gas pipeline to start soon
by Jamilah NasirPresident Muhammadu Buhari says the federal government will soon commence the construction of the Ajaokuta-Kaduna-Kano (AAK) gas pipeline.
Buhari said this in Malabo, Equitorial Guinea, while addressing the 5th Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) Summit on Friday.
He said Nigeria has led the way in the construction of the West Africa Gas Pipeline which runs through four West African countries.
The 600-kilometre AAK gas pipeline which forms phase one of the Trans-Nigeria Gas Pipeline (TNGP) project, is designed to enable gas connectivity between the east, west and north.
Buhari said the viability of extending the gas pipeline system across the Sahara to Algeria in North Africa is still under consideration.
“We are mindful of the energy deficit in the developing world especially, here in Africa where we have nearly 600 million people without access to modern energy. As responsible leaders, it is our duty to preserve the environment not only for the present but for future generations,” he said.
“We can achieve this balance between our energy deficit and environmental preservation needs by developing and deploying new technologies. Although classified as fossil fuel, natural gas is a viable solution to both our energy and environmental challenges.
“Natural gas has the added advantage of availability and affordability. To fully leverage this potential, nations need to pool resources to put up trans-border and trans-regional energy infrastructure.
“The Paris Accord of 2015 signalled the first major global commitment to a deliberate effort on this inevitable transition.
“Nigeria is proud to be one of the first signatories to the historic Agreement. We in Nigeria have led the way by the construction of the West Africa Gas Pipeline which runs through four West African countries.”
Buhari also commended the the founding fathers of the GECF for “promoting natural gas in the global energy mix.”


Quick install (the command we all love)
$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yeti-platform/yeti/master/extras/ubuntu_bootstrap.sh | sudo /bin/bash
Yeti is a platform meant to organize observables, indicators of compromise, TTPs, and knowledge on threats in a single, unified repository. Yeti will also automatically enrich observables (e.g. resolve domains, geolocate IPs) so that you don't have to. Yeti provides an interface for humans (shiny Bootstrap-based UI) and one for machines (web API) so that your other tools can talk nicely to it.
Learn more about Yeti in our introductory blogpost


Ethan's Blog
Ruby Classes
April 19, 2015
Ruby Classes are an important tool. Most importantly, they allow batch edits and changes to objects within the Class. They are simple to use and a pleasure to work with.
As an example, I will create a class and include instance variables and instance methods for this object. I will also allow batch edits to the class. The following allows the venue/date of the MLB game to be changed and inputted, and prints the schedule for the user to see.
Example Class MLB def initialize (venue, date) #example of an instance method @venue = venue @date = date #example of instance variables end def venue @venue end def date @date end def printout puts “The MLB game is for the #{date} taking place at: #{venue}” end end e1 = MLB.new(“Yankees Stadium”, “April 19, 2015”) e1.printout "The MLB game is for April 19, 2015 taking place at: Yankees"


CHILDRENS ROBITUSSIN COUGH AND COLD LONG-ACTING- chlorpheniramine maleate and dextromethorphan hydrobromide liquid
Richmond Division of Wyeth
Disclaimer: Most OTC drugs are not reviewed and approved by FDA, however they may be marketed if they comply with applicable regulations and policies. FDA has not evaluated whether this product complies.
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS (IN EACH 5 ML TSP)
Chlorpheniramine maleate, USP 1 mg
Dextromethorphan HBr, USP 7.5 mg
PURPOSES
Antihistamine
Cough suppressant
USES
- temporarily relieves cough due to minor throat and bronchial irritation as may occur with a cold
- temporarily relieves these symptoms due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies:
- runny nose
- sneezing
- itchy, watery eyes
- itching of the nose or throat
WARNINGS
Do not use
- to sedate a child or to make a child sleepy
- if you are now taking a prescription monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) (certain drugs for depression, psychiatric, or emotional conditions, or Parkinson's disease), or for 2 weeks after stopping the MAOI drug. If you do not know if your prescription drug contains an MAOI, ask a doctor or pharmacist before taking this product.
Ask a doctor before use if you have
- trouble urinating due to an enlarged prostate gland
- glaucoma
- a cough that occurs with too much phlegm (mucus)
- a breathing problem or chronic cough that lasts or as occurs with smoking, asthma, chronic bronchitis or emphysema
Ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if you are
taking sedatives or tranquilizers
When using this product
- do not use more than directed
- marked drowsiness may occur
- avoid alcoholic drinks
- alcohol, sedatives, and tranquilizers may increase drowsiness
- be careful when driving a motor vehicle or operating machinery
- excitability may occur, especially in children
Stop use and ask a doctor if
cough lasts more than 7 days, comes back, or is accompanied by fever, rash, or persistent headache. These could be signs of a serious condition.
If pregnant or breast-feeding,
ask a health professional before use.
Keep out of reach of children.
In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
DIRECTIONS
- do not take more than 4 doses in any 24-hour period
| age |
dose |
| under 6 years |
do not use |
| 6 to under 12 years |
2 teaspoons every 6 hours |
| 12 years and older |
4 teaspoons every 6 hours |
OTHER INFORMATION
-
each teaspoon contains: sodium 3 mg
- store at 20-25°C (68-77°F)
- dosage cup provided
INACTIVE INGREDIENTS
anhydrous citric acid, artificial & natural flavors, FD&C red no. 40, glycerin, lactic acid, propylene glycol, purified water, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sorbitol solution, sucralose
QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS?
Call weekdays from 9 AM to 5 PM EST at 1-800-762-4675
PRODUCT PACKAGING
The product packaging shown below represents a sample of that currently in use. Additional packaging may also be available.
See New Dosing Information
Children’s Robitussin Cough & Cold LONG-ACTING
CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE (Antihistamine)
DEXTROMETHORPHAN HBr (Cough Suppressant)
RELIEVES:
Cough: Up to 8 Hours
Runny Nose
FRUIT PUNCH Flavor
For Children Ages 6 & Over
Alcohol-Free
4 FL OZ (118 mL)
Robitussin Knows
Choosing the right product is important. Robitussin has different products for adults and for children.
GREEN Boxes
Ages 12 & Over
RED Boxes
Ages Under 12
Use as directed
DOSAGE CUP INCLUDED
Wyeth Consumer Healthcare Madison, NJ 07940 U.S.A. © 2009 Wyeth
For most recent product information, visit www.robitussin.com
PARENTS: Learn about teen medicine abuse www.stopMedicineAbuse.org
Packaged with Tamper-Evident bottle cap. Do Not Use if breakable ring is separated or missing.