Power & Battery life have become very important factors be to considered during chip design as technology node shrinks. For a VLSI Design Engineer, knowledge on power consumption in a CMOS design is crucial as it has become a very big challenge in latest technology nodes.
Almost any electronic device that you hold in your hand (smartphone, tablet, notebook, laptop etc.,) consume power from a limited power supply (battery). Thus, making the chip consume less power is a mandatory problem to be solved.
Objectives
After reading this tutorial, we will understand
- Why power is important in VLSI design?
- What are the different types of power dissipation?
- What are switching power, short-circuit power and leakage power?
- What is IR drop & different types of IR drop?
- What are the reasons for high IR drop?
- What are the tools available to analyse IR drop?
- What are some strategies to reduce power dissipation?
Power Dissipation
The process in which a chip produces heat (waste energy) as an unwanted byproduct of its primary action is termed as Power Dissipation. If the chip dissipates power than its maximum limit, it could lead to functionality failure or even burn out. Hence, reducing power dissipation is a necessity in modern semiconductor design due to lower technology nodes, higher frequencies, complex functionalities and portability.
When dealing with power, we need to take care of modeling our circuits during both logic design phase as well as physical design phase.
During logic design, industries follow something called as UPF (Unified Power Format) to introduce power reduction strategies along with RTL code. We will discuss more about this in future posts.
During physical design, we build the entire power distribution network in silicon that’s made up of metal layer stack which we will discuss as we proceed in this tutorial. But wait! Let me show you how it looks when we analyze IR drop in power analysis tools such as Apache RedHawk 🙄
The above image shows the standard IR drop map of a design in Apache RedHawk. A design engineer’s job is to reduce all those regions in red so that power number is within limits.
Before diving into how do we reduce power dissipation during physical design phase, we need to understand some basic concepts of power.
Types of Power Dissipation
In a low-power CMOS VLSI design, there are two types of power dissipation.
- Static power
- Dynamic power
The sources of these power dissipations as well as the techniques to solve them are different. These two types of power dissipation are further classified as shown in Figure 1.
Dynamic Power
As the name suggests, dynamic power dissipation occurs when the transistors are switching from one logic state to another. There are two types of dynamic power dissipation in CMOS circuits namely
- Switching Power
- Short-circuit Power
Switching Power
When a transistor switch from one logic state to another, the load capacitance at the output pin needs to be charged or discharged which is referred as the switching power as shown in Figure 2.
- When the output rises, the load capacitance must go from \( V_{SS} \) to \( V_{DD} \).
- When the output falls, the load capacitance must go from \( V_{DD} \) to \( V_{SS} \).
Recall that in basic electronic theory, there is a switching current associated on charging or discharging the capacitor which is given as \( i = C \frac{dV_{DD}}{dt}\), which further gets multiplied by \( V_{DD} \) to produce power.
Similarly in CMOS, the average dynamic power (\(P_{dynamic}\)) is given by
where
- \( f_{sw} \) - frequency of output switching
- \( C \) - load capacitance
- \( V_{DD} \) - power supply voltage
Switching factor (\( \alpha \))
To measure how frequently the output pin of a transistor circuit switches, we define a parameter called switching factor or toggle factor (\( \alpha \)).
If the frequency of output switching is \(f_{sw}\), then the charging and discharging cycle will repeat \(T * f_{sw}\) times over a time interval \( T \).
If \( f \) is the clock frequency at which the chip operates, then \( f_{sw} = \alpha * f \).
- \( \alpha = 1 \) - if the output pin of a transistor switches with the clock frequency.
- \( \alpha = \frac{1}{2} \) - if the output pin of a transistor switches once per cycle of the clock frequency.
If we include this switching factor \( \alpha \) for dynamic power calculation, we get
Thus, we can reduce dynamic power by
- Reducing the switching factor \( \alpha \) of the transistor.
- Reducing the load capacitance \( C \) of the transistor.
- Reducing the supply voltage \( V_{DD} \) of the transistor.
- Reducing the clock frequency \( f \) of the transistor.
From an physical design implementation perspective,
- \( C \) comes from .spef file of the design.
- \( V_{DD} \) comes from the chosen corner of the design.
- \( \alpha \) comes from either .fsdb file or .gsc file of the design.
- \( f \) comes from timing session of the design.
Short-circuit Power
When a transistor switch from one logic state to another, during the signal transition, there exist a direct path from \( V_{DD} \) to \( V_{SS} \) which produces short-circuit current \( I_{SC} \) and short-circuit power dissipation. If clock frequency of the design increases, frequency of transition will increase which further increases short circuit power.
Mathematically, short circuit \( P_{short-circuit} \) power can be written as
where
- \( I_{SC} \) - short circuit current during signal transition
- \( V_{DD} \) - power supply voltage
- \( f_{sw} \) - switching frequency
Static Power
As the name suggests, even when the chip is off or quiescent (static), there exists some amount of power dissipation due to transistor’s leakage characteristics giving rise to leakage power. This is due to the characteristic of CMOS transistors itself, which is a function of power supply voltage \( V_{DD} \), threshold voltage \( V_{th} \) and transistor’s dimension (width \(W \) and length \( L \)).
As we scale down the technology node, leakage power is becoming a significant contributor in IR drop analysis. Leakage power can further be classified into three types.
- Diode leakage
- Sub-threshold leakage
- Gate-oxide leakage
From a PD implementation perspective, .lib files of a standard cell contains leakage power related information which is further given to power analysis tools such as Apache RedHawk for power verification.
You can read more on leakage power here.
What is IR drop?
In an ASIC, power to different blocks, IO pads, standard cells and macros are provided by the power grid which consists of stack of metal layers (conductors) that run horizontally and vertically in a grid-like fashion over the entire floorplan.
These stacked metal layers have power stripes such as \( V_{DD} \) and \( V_{SS} \) at regular intervals (pitch) with defined width and thickness, and are connected through vias from one layer to another as shown in Figure 4. This power distribution grid (or network) comprises of power rings, power stripes and power rails that are resistive by nature which creates the IR drop (or voltage drop).
Currently, there are two approaches followed in industry to redistribute power from package to core namely Wire Bonding and Flip-Chip as shown in Figure 5.
In flip-chip designs, as power supply voltage gets redistributed from the IO pads to bump pads (containing C4 bump arrays) via top-layer (or Redistribution Layer or AP layer), different blocks, standard cells and macros receive power after crossing different metal layers from top to bottom till it reaches the layer in which power pins of the instances reside.
When power supply voltage travels from top-layer (RDL layer) to power pins layer of instances (usually lower layer), there exists drop in the voltage levels due to the resistive nature of these metal layers. As there is resistance in these metal wires, when a voltage is applied, current is produced which further decreases the voltage level reaching the instances which is termed as the IR drop or Voltage drop.
In addition to the voltage drop that is present in the metal layers stack (on-die), there is also some voltage drop called \( \frac{di}{dt} \) drop (off-die) associated with the package leads which has inductance (and less resistance) associated with it due to the time-varying current.
Furthermore, the presence of decoupling capacitors near the instances that store charges locally (which might assist in decreasing voltage drop), adds up some load capacitance. This addition of decaps increases leakage power consumption as well as area which further gets added to the equation.
Thus, we can summarize that the voltage level seen at an instance in the design as
From an implementation perspective, if
- \( V_{powersupply} = 2V \)
- \( drop_{metalstack} = 0.2V\)
- \( drop_{packageleads} = 0.1V \)
- \( drop_{decaps} = 0.1V \)
then, \( V_{instance} = 1.6V \).
Any instance in the design will have a maximum voltage drop limit above which it may fail in functionality or timing. So, it’s the job of the engineer to reduce IR drop in the design before tapeout.
Types of IR drop analysis
There are two standard types of IR drop analysis for a circuit design namely
- Static IR drop - Vectorless IR drop analysis with average current cycles. Typically used for Electro-Migration (EM) analysis where current limit is checked for wires.
- Dynamic IR drop - Vectorless or VCD based IR drop analysis with worst-case switching currents. Typically used to check voltage drop limit for switching instances.
| Static IR Drop | Dynamic IR Drop |
|---|---|
| All cell instances will draw average current (DC). | All switching instances will draw transient current (AC). All non-switching instances will draw only leakage current. |
| Total Average demand will be much lesser than real peak demand current for the design. | Real peak demand current is measured and analyzed in dynamic IR. |
| Total demand current is supplied from the power source (battery). | Total demand current is supplied from the power source (battery) and some portion of the demand current is supplied by decoupling capacitors near the cell instances. |
| All cell instances will draw current all the time. Hence, switching effects are not considered. | Switching effects are always considered. All instances draw transient current only during switching. Simultaneous switching causes huge peak demand current. |
| If package is considered, there is no IR drop due to Ldi/dt effects as current is constant. | If package is considered, Ldi/dt effects are considered. |
Reasons for high IR drop
Some of the standard reasons for high IR drop in a design are
- High power grid resistance.
- High current flowing through the power grid.
- Simultaneous switching of instances at same time.
- Less amount of decoupling capacitors near the instances.
- High parasitics in package leads.
- Lesser length or width of power stripes in RDL layer.
- Lesser power sources such as power bumps (in flip-chip).
- Incorrect input files (to power analysis tools) such as .lef, .def, .lib, .spef, .sta, .ploc or APL files.
Tools for IR drop analysis
There are different tools available to perform IR drop analysis for a design from physical design perspective. Some of the industry standard tools are Apache RedHawk and Cadence VoltageStorm.
In Apache RedHawk, we can do static as well as dynamic IR drop analysis. Also, we can analyze the power grid of the design and find out weaknesses such as shorts, opens, missing vias, high resistance path to an instance etc., before performing actual IR drop analysis.
After completing IR drop analysis for a design in RedHawk, we can review and analyze different types of maps such as Average IR drop map, Frequency map, Load capacitance map etc., and reports dumped by RedHawk to check for potential issues in the design.
Conclusion
In this tutorial, we looked at saving power from a physical design perspective. We understood the different types of power dissipation in a CMOS based circuit design, understood what is IR drop at physical level, why IR drop occur in silicon, what are some techniques to reduce IR drop and tools available to analyze IR drop at physical design stage.
References
- Low Power VLSI Design
- Power Consumption
- IR Drop Analysis using RedHawk
- An efficient RDL routing for flip-chip designs
- Novel and efficient power grid design for lesser metal layer process SOC’s
- IR Drop Analysis Interview Questions
- Minimizing Leakage Power - I
- Minimizing Leakage Power - II
- Leakage Power Trends
In case if you found something useful to add to this article or you found a bug in the code or would like to improve some points mentioned, feel free to write it down in the comments. Hope you found something useful here.
Happy learning!


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LightZone Release Notes
Note:
The complete documentation for LightZone
is integrated into the application.
To access it, from within LightZone,
select Help > LightZone Help.
Mac OS X users can alternatively click
here.
Changes after 4.0.0
Detailed change log is available on
github release page.
Changes for 4.0.0
- LightZone is open-source software released under BSD license
- Copy protection removed (Pavel Benak)
- A lot of fixes for building on all recent platforms (Windows, Linux, Mac OS) (Masahiro Kitagawa, Pavel Benak, Visa Jokelainen, Doug Pardee)
- Libraries upgrade - libjpeg replaced with libjpeg-turbo for faster JPEG loading and saving (Masahiro Kitagawa)
- dcraw updated to latest version (Doug Pardee)
- On Linux platform icons and desktop files were added (Andreas Rother)
- On Linux platform LightZone memory is allocated dynamically based on amount of RAM (Andreas Rother)
- On Linux platform LightZone is distributed as packages for distributions (Masahiro Kitagawa, Andreas Rother)
- Fixed luminance selection problem on Linux platform (Michael Schulze)
- Fixed program crash on Linux platform when loading RAW files (Masahiro Kitagawa)
- Fixed problem with saving files into directories with more than one byte characters in UTF-8 encoding (Pavel Benak, Doug Pardee)
- Fixed problem with saving files into directories with four byte UTF-8 characters (Masahiro Kitagawa)
- Fix for line artifacts on Linux platform (Masahiro Kitagawa)
- Fix for size of exported files (Masahiro Kitagawa)
- Translations added:
- Japanese (Masahiro Kitagawa)
- Spanish (Roberto Quintero)
- Added RAW tone curves for cameras from LightZombie project (Doug Pardee)
New camera models supported:
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- CANON POWERSHOT G1 X
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- NIKON 1 J1
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- OLYMPUS IMAGING CORP5.lzt
- OLYMPUS IMAGING CORPM5.lzt
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- PANASONIC DMC-FZ150
- PANASONIC DMC-G3
- PANASONIC DMC-GF2
- PANASONIC DMC-GF3
- PANASONIC DMC-GX1
- PANASONIC DMC-LX5
- PENTAX K-5
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Changes for 3.8.2
Fixes (Mac OS X only)
Changes for 3.8
Camera Support
-
Raw files from the following cameras are now supported:
Olympus E-P1
Changes for 3.7.1
Fixes (Mac OS X only)
-
Updated eSellerate software for Safari 4.
Changes for 3.7
Camera Support
-
Raw files from the following cameras are now supported:
Canon EOS 5D Mark II,
Canon EOS 50D,
Canon Powershot G10,
Nikon D3X,
Nikon D90,
Nikon D700,
Olympus E-30,
Olympus E-620,
Panasonic DMC-LX3,
Panasonic DMC-FZ28,
Panasonic DMC-G1,
Pentax K2000,
Sony A300,
Sony A900
Changes for 3.6.1
Fixes
-
Fixed shrinking issue in batch processing
when output size was specified.
Changes for 3.6
Camera Support
-
Raw files from the following cameras are now supported:
Canon EOS 450D,
Canon EOS 1000D,
Fuji Finepix S100FS,
Nikon D60,
Nikon D700,
Olympus E-420,
Olympus E-520,
Pentax K20D,
Pentax K200D,
Samsung GX20
Sony A200,
Sony A350.
Changes for 3.5
New Features
Camera Support
-
Raw files from the following cameras are now supported:
Canon EOS 1Ds Mark III,
Panasonic DMC-L10.
Changes for 3.4
New Features
-
Preview Styles by placing mouse over style.
-
User interface enhancements.
-
Improved stability in handling corrupt/incompatible image files.
Changes for 3.3 (Linux only)
New Features
-
LightZone Linux is now supported.
Changes for 3.2
New Features (Mac OS X only)
-
Mac OS X 1.5 Leopard is now supported.
Camera Support
-
Raw files from the following cameras are now supported:
Canon Powershot G9,
Leica V-Lux 1,
Nikon D3, Nikon D300,
Olympus E-3,
Panasonic DMC-FZ18,
Sony Alpha DSLR-A700.
Changes for 3.1.1
Fixes (Mac OS X only)
-
Updated eSellerate software for Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard.
Changes for 3.1
New Features
-
You can now restrict every tools' effect to a
range of color or luminosity.
-
The Raw Adjustments tool
now automatically removes "hot pixels"
from your raw photos.
-
Crop and Rotate have been improved.
Camera Support
-
Raw files from the following cameras are now supported:
Olympus E-400, E-410, E-510; Ricoh Caplio GX100.
Changes for 3.0.6
Fixes (all platforms)
-
Upgrading from pre-3.0 versions of LightZone Basic
to 3.0.x LightZone Basic now works properly.
-
A DNG image created from a Fuji raw image
was not handled correctly.
This has been fixed.
Fixes (Windows only)
-
The font used in menus was too big.
This has been fixed.
Changes for 3.0.5
New Features
-
LightZone Basic is now available again.
Fixes
-
Some Sony raw photo were opened with the wrong dimensions.
This has been fixed.
-
In some cases, you would get a Save dialog
even though the Auto Save preference was enabled.
Camera Support
-
Kodak P712, Nikon D40X, Olympus SP-550UZ, and Samsing GX10
raw files are now supported.
Other Changes
-
If a photo is read-only,
the ability to edit metadata is now disabled.
Changes for 3.0.2
Fixes
-
Fixed oversaturated colors in the sharpening tool.
Changes for 3.0.1
New Features
-
Adjusting the Exposure slider of the Raw Adjustments tool
so that the value is negative performs highlight recovery.
Fixes
-
Improved functioning of Relight tool.
-
The Black & White and Color Balance tools
have had minor corrections.
-
In some cases, vibrant colors were overly saturated.
This has been fixed.
-
Editing of metadata works much better.
-
Fixed generation of IPTC and XMP metadata for JPEG files
that previously resulted in an incompatibility with Photoshop CS3.
-
Fixed obtaining the artist information from CR2 files.
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A photo's rating is now properly stored when generating new TIFF files.
-
Fixed obtaining the exposure-time/shutter-speed information from
Canon raw files.
-
Fixed reading of artist, copyright, caption, and rating metadata
from DNG files.
-
Styles now appear in the Import Styles dialog.
-
The capture date/time from CRW files
is now included when converting to JPEG.
-
Now writing IPTC metadata in a more standards-conformant way
using the Dublin Core XML schema.
Camera Support
-
Fuji Finepix S5 Pro raw files are now supported.
Other Changes
-
LightZone has always edited the full size image. LightZone now
displays the dimensions of the full edit size and the version size
separately.
-
LightZone now goes to the "Discover LightZone" help page
instead of the cover when first launched.
-
You can now sort by file type in the browser.
-
The Browser menu now includes Select Recent and Unselect All
menu items.
-
You can now use the Delete/Backspace key
to delete a region while editing a region.
-
When converting to JPEG, lens metadata is now preserved.
Changes for 3.0
Intelligent Tools
-
The new Relight tool replaces the already "magical"
ToneMapper:
new controls allow for greater precision in relighting virtually any
scene.
-
The new History pane, gives users full and direct access to
intermediate editing steps,
all the way from first opening the photograph.
-
Added support for RAW images from the latest dSLR cameras
such as the Canon 1D Mark III.
Improved Learnability
-
Styles automatically produce tools and guide new users through the
interface process.
-
New context-sensitive help and tool tips to assist users
pre-flight and in-flight.
-
Revamped user interface with distinct Browse and Edit modes, new skins
to optimize clarity of the photograph, logical button groupings.
Improved Interoperability
-
New default save mode: edit stack now embedded in JPEG.
Provides seamless
interoperability with any best-of-breed application.
-
New Send and Convert capability provides advanced pre-processing
capabilities to other applications in the photographic ecosystem.
-
New drag and drop capabilities in Browse mode for folders,
file-system or directly to other applications in the dock (on Mac).
New Integrated Batch Processing
-
New ift Style in Browse mode and apply to multiple images at once.
-
New Send and Convert capabilities
convert your images for sending by e-mail,
posting on a web gallery or simply convert in another file format.
-
New drag & drop capabilities in Browse mode to folders,
file-system or directly to other applications in the dock (on Mac).
New Asset Management Capabilities
-
New Stack and Unstack hides and shows the intermediate edit versions
of every photograph.
-
New Smart Select button automatically selects the latest version of the
photograph, so they can be post processed in batch within a single click
-
New Metadata Editor allows for editing of Title, Copyright, Creator
and other fields,
a new preference for Copyright will automatically populate when
specified.


The spectral variance can be regarded as a continuous function, but in practice there are limitations to its determination. This section discusses some of those limitations, notably the Nyquist frequency, and then presents some examples with interpretation.
Some important characteristics of the variance spectrum are the following:
The Nyquist frequency: For a time series sampled at increments Δt in time and spanning a duration T in time, the first limitation is that the frequency components entering the variance spectrum cannot be determined for frequencies higher than 1∕(2Δt), called the Nyquist frequency, because at least two observations separated by Δt are needed to resolve this highest frequency.
Aliasing: If higher frequencies are present they can contaminate the estimated spectral density at lower frequencies through a process called aliasing.
The low-frequency limit: It becomes difficult to resolve frequencies smaller than 1/T . The common way of estimating the variance spectrum uses Fourier transforms and, because that inherently assumes that the function is periodic, this requires no components with frequency lower than 1∕T .2
Trend removal. Another problem that arises from the assumption that the variable is periodic outside the period (0, T ) is that, if there is a linear increase in the variable with time, this becomes resolved as a triangular wave with components that contaminate the spectral density. For this reason, any trend in the data is normally removed before the variance spectrum is estimated. The mean can also be removed, and this is sometimes useful when numerical precision is a problem with the calculation.
Normalization: As used in this note, the variance spectrum is normalized so that the integral over positive frequencies gives the variance. Sometimes the normalization is such that the integral over both negative and positive frequencies gives the variance, so determining the normalization used is important when examining a plotted variance spectrum.
Figure 1: Three time series of hourly values spanning one week. (top) A sequence of values generated using a Gaussian random-number generator producing deviations about a mean of 0 with a standard deviation of 1; (middle) Surface pressure measurements from Denver CO for one week; (bottom) Temperature measurements from Denver CO for one week.
Again for simplicity first focus on a time series. The following plot (Fig. 1 shows three time series that have very different character:
The top series shows a series of values generated from random numbers generated from a normal distribution having mean zero and unit standard deviation. Knowing the preceding value of the variable does not provide any information on the next measurement; sequential measurements are completely uncorrelated. A similar series generated using uniformly distributed random numbers between -1 and 1 looks different because all values remain in the range from -1 to 1, but the randomness of the values still provides no serial correlations in the time series. Both ways of generating a time series produce “white noise”, a term used to describe a signal where the spectral density is a constant function of frequency and successive values in the time series are uncorrelated.
The middle time series shows one week of sea-level pressure measurements. There is strong correlation among the measurements, such that knowledge of preceding measurements can be used to predict the next measurement with less than the sample variance.
The bottom time series, temperature measurements, shows evidence of a daily cycle in addition to important serial correlations. The spectral variance should highlight this daily cycle. (It will be present in the pressure measurements also, although with less prominence.)
Figure 2: Autocorrelation functions for the 9.5-y time series of variables like those in the preceding figure.
The autocorrelation functions for these series have distinctly different characteristics. The preceding figure was generated from one week of data, for the next plots about 9.5 years of similar observations will be used. The resulting autocorrelation functions are shown in Fig.2. For the white-noise sample, only the lag-zero value is different from zero, which reflects that there is no correlation between consecutive random numbers at any lag. The bottom plot for temperature, however, shows a dominating diurnal cycle. If plotted for longer time differences, it also shows a prominent annual cycle. The middle plot for sea-level pressure and the bottom plot for temperature show a significant correlation over a period of a few days, reflecting the important influence of passing large-scale weather systems. The variance spectrum for pressure also displays an annual and a diurnal cycle, but the diurnal cycle is barely perceptible in this plot. It will be revealed in the variance spectrum.
Figure 3: Variance spectra corresponding to the three cases presented in the preceding two figures. The dotted-black vertical lines mark the frequency corresponding to a period of one year. The white line in all plot is the result of averaging in 50 logarithmically spaced bins in frequency. In the middle plot for pressure, the red line shows the corresponding averaged spectrum constructed from the altimeter setting, with appropriate change of units.
The autocovariance function (the autocorrelation multiplied by the total variance) is related to the variance spectrum; they are Fourier transforms of each other. The variance spectra are shown in Fig. 3. The variance spectrum for white noise, shown in the top plot, is a constant function of frequency, but there is considerable variability in the estimated spectral variance because of uncertainty in the individual estimates. The white dashed line in that plot shows the result of averaging in bins to reduce that uncertainty, and where the uncertainty is small (for frequencies above about 0.1 day-1) the spectral variance has a value of about 0.083. The standard deviation of the values producing this spectrum is 1, so the expected value of the spectral variance is 1/12=0.08333. This relationship can sometimes be used to estimate the random error in a measurement, because a random error of σ will produce a constant contribution to the spectral variance of σ2∕12. In cases where the high-frequency portion of the spectral variance assumes a constant value, the random error can thus be determined from the spectral variance there.
The middle plot shows the variance spectrum for hourly measurements of sea-level pressure and, as the red dashed line, the altimeter setting. There are prominent spikes in the unaveraged spectrum with frequencies corresponding to (1/24) h-1 and multiples of this frequency extending to at least ten times this frequency. These arise from the atmospheric tides of the diurnal cycle, which instead of a simple sine wave must instead be represented by many “harmonics” of the basic frequency.3 The annual cycle also makes a prominent contribution to the spectral variance. Unlike the sea-level pressure, the altimeter setting is not adjusted by averaging the temperature from the previous 12 h to use for extrapolation to sea level. The higher variance in the sea-level pressure suggests that the altimeter setting is a better variable to use for spectral analysis, even though it is recorded with lower resolution (0.01 inHg or 0.3 hPa vs 0.1 hPa for the sea-level pressure).4 In the case of the measurements of temperature, the diurnal cycle is very prominent (before averaging) and the contribution from the annual cycle is concentrated more on the period of 365.25 days.


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About
My name is Tomoya Takano, currently PhD student at the Tohoku University, Japan.
My research focus on understanding dynamic processes of the Earth’s structure by analyzing seismic data. I am particularly interested in temporal changes of elastic properties in the crust, i.e., how does the crust respond to stress perturbations (e.g. earthquakes, volcano deformations by magma pressure, tides, rainfall)?
Currently, I investigate characteristics of stress sensitivities of seismic velocity changes by using tides and magma pressures. Seismic velocity changes caused by these loading provide a natural experiment to understand crustal dynamics.
My study about seismic velocity changes related with volcanic activities can be found in the EOS Spotlight.


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layout: post
title: WIP
date: '2013-12-18T07:30:00+01:00'
categories:
- Illustration
- Klare Lijn — Ligne Claire
picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/70387356702/character-placement-line-and-ink-in-manga-studio
---
Character placement, line and ink in Manga Studio 4, colour in Photoshop.


We specialize in creating memorable, interactive products that focus on your customers and/or employees.


Reports the abstract methods that override concrete methods.
The methods overridden from
java.lang.Object
are not reported by this inspection.


---
layout: default
permalink: /form-elements/
---
Form Elements
Buttons
{% include /pages/buttons.hbs %}
Text Input
{% include /pages/text-input.hbs %}
Text Area
{% include /pages/textarea.hbs %}
Checkboxes
Use checkbox when:
- Multiple options within a set are available
- Settings need to be confirmed by the user before submitting
- There is not an expecation of immediate change
More examples on UX Planet and Nielson Group
{% include /pages/checkbox.hbs %}
Radio
{% include /pages/radio.hbs %}
Toggles
Use a Toggle when:
- An instant response is expected
- User does not need to confirm the changes
More examples on UX Planet and Nielson Group
{% include /pages/toggle.hbs %}


[Project Name]
Project Timeline
Add Event
Update List
July 13th, 2013
Initial contact
Start Clock
When does the hackathon end?
Enter the end time of the hackathon in the format hh:ss (for example, 09:22)
AM
PM


Authentication Rest API
Authentication Rest API¶
Overview
Resource |
Operation |
Description |
|---|---|---|
GSS |
Authenticate with GSS token |
|
OIDC |
||
Authenticate with OIDC |
||
SAML |
||
SSH |
Request SSH Challenge Token |
|
Authenticate with SSH key exchange. |
||
UserPass |
Authenticate with username/password |
|
Validate |
Validate a Rucio Auth Token. |
|
x509 |
Authenticate with x509 certificate. |
|
Details
-
GET
/auth/ssh_challenge_token
¶ Request a challenge token for SSH authentication
- Request Headers
Rucio-VO – VO name as a string (Multi-VO only).
Rucio-Account – Account identifier as a string.
Rucio-AppID – Application identifier as a string.
- Response Headers
X-Rucio-SSH-Challenge-Token – The SSH challenge token
X-Rucio-SSH-Challenge-Token-Expires – The expiry time of the token
- Status Codes
200 OK – Successfully authenticated
404 Not Found – Invalid credentials
-
GET
/auth/oidc_redirect
¶ - Status Codes
200 OK – OK
303 See Other – Redirect
401 Unauthorized – Unauthorized
- Response Headers
X-Rucio-Auth-Token – The authentication token
-
GET
/auth/oidc_refresh
¶ - Status Codes
200 OK – OK
401 Unauthorized – Unauthorized
- Response Headers
X-Rucio-Auth-Token – The authentication token
-
GET
/auth/x509
¶
-
GET
/auth/x509_proxy
¶ Authenticate a Rucio account temporarily via an x509 certificate.
- Request Headers
Rucio-VO – VO name as a string (Multi-VO only).
Rucio-Account – Account identifier as a string.
Rucio-AppID – Application identifier as a string.
SSLStdEnv – Apache mod_ssl SSL Standard Env Variables.
- Response Headers
X-Rucio-Auth-Token – The authentication token
- Status Codes
200 OK – Successfully authenticated
404 Not Found – Invalid credentials
-
GET
/auth/oidc_token
¶ - Status Codes
200 OK – OK
401 Unauthorized – Unauthorized
- Response Headers
X-Rucio-Auth-Token – The authentication token
X-Rucio-Auth-Token-Expires – The time when the token expires
-
GET
/auth/oidc_code
¶ - Status Codes
200 OK – OK
401 Unauthorized – Unauthorized
-
GET
/auth/userpass
¶ Authenticate a Rucio account temporarily via username and password.
- Request Headers
X-Rucio-VO – VO name as a string (Multi-VO Only)
X-Rucio-Account – Account identifier as a string.
X-Rucio-Username – Username as a string.
X-Rucio-Password – password as a text-plain string.
X-Rucio-AppID – Application identifier as a string.
- Response Headers
X-Rucio-Auth-Token – The authentication token
- Status Codes
200 OK – Successfully authenticated
404 Not Found – Invalid credentials
-
GET
/auth/validate
¶ Validate a Rucio Auth Token.
- Request Headers
Rucio-Auth-Token – as a variable-length string.
- Status Codes
406 Not Acceptable – Not Acceptable.
- Returns
Tuple(account name, token lifetime).
-
GET
/auth/saml
¶ - Status Codes
200 OK – OK
401 Unauthorized – Unauthorized
- Request Headers
Rucio-VO – VO name as a string (Multi-VO only)
Rucio-Account – Account identifier as a string.
Rucio-Username – Username as a string.
Rucio-Password – Password as a string.
Rucio-AppID – Application identifier as a string.
- Response Headers
X-Rucio-SAML-Auth-URL – as a variable-length string header.
-
GET
/auth/oidc
¶ - Status Codes
200 OK – OK
401 Unauthorized – Unauthorized
- Response Headers
X-Rucio-OIDC-Auth-URL – User & Rucio OIDC Client specific Authorization URL
-
GET
/auth/gss
¶ Authenticate a Rucio account temporarily via a GSS token.
- Request Headers
Rucio-VO – VO name as a string (Multi-VO only).
Rucio-Account – Account identifier as a string.
Rucio-AppID – Application identifier as a string.
SavedCredentials – Apache mod_auth_kerb SavedCredentials.
- Response Headers
X-Rucio-Auth-Token – The authentication token
- Status Codes
200 OK – Successfully authenticated
404 Not Found – Invalid credentials
-
GET
/auth/ssh
¶ Authenticate a Rucio account temporarily via SSH key exchange.
- Request Headers
Rucio-VO – VO name as a string (Multi-VO only).
Rucio-Account – Account identifier as a string.
Rucio-SSH-Signature – Response to server challenge signed with SSH private key as a base64 encoded string.
Rucio-AppID – Application identifier as a string.
- Response Headers
X-Rucio-Auth-Token – The authentication token
- Status Codes
200 OK – Successfully authenticated
404 Not Found – Invalid credentials


Hi All,
Thanks for anyone who is about to read this.I am from India, southern part ,
This post has many questions I would like to seperate it into 3 parts for simplicity
I was initially planning to create an energy monitoring/logging tool customized for my home.... primarily for calculating the power energy I am taking from the PV and then also my battery monitoring,etc. Then whilst roaming around in the Internet I found this nice project.
I am almost convinced to buy this from the store, however had some questions..
Regarding the 3Phase:
I was assuming I have 3-phase power here in my home , but reading the Wikipedia and this site, I'm convinced it is not the 3 phase they are talking about , it looks like they supply 3 x 1 phase .. so we have separate breaker/fuse and then we run different loads like lighting / computers/air conditioners in each.
No device in my home can take all 3 phase at a time. Is this normal? line from the grid has like 4 wires total which i assume is 3 live wires and 1 neutral ..
I have 1 of this 3 x1 Phases and another 1 Phase from the grid which means I have to monitor all 4 to get the total power consumption.
I would like to go with a RaspPi Base as its the most recommended., and I will buy an EmonTx , it can monitor 3 x CT sensors..
How do i go about monitoring the other nodes..
Regarding the Display :
In the EmonGLCD I would like to show more information that it is.. It seems it would only display the first sensor's calculations so far by default.
Editing the arduino code is the only way to show the other phase outputs? if so.. adding them all together is alright to show a combined usage?
Regarding more data:
I have a hybrid solar pv system which is more of a UPS system with batteries being charged from the SUN. it is not grid tied so i do not export. however I harvest some of the sun power by deliberately switching off the grid during morning hours.
I would also like to monitor my battery as well as PV output.. which I believe can be done with 2x CT sensors and an arduino.. I heard this is possible but I dont think this kind of feature is integrated into the Emon.
So should I have this in a separate module/system ? or somehow integrate it into the same emon system? . I would love to see all the information I can gather into 1 LCD / 1 system so I can easily read it from internet / lan and see it in LCD too.
And a final question: is it possible to monitor some other sensors like lets say water level sensor as a part of the emon?
My background: I am a software engineer with lot of interest on the electronical/electrical stuff.
I have done tons of stuff in the software / web dev but in regards to E&E, I have only 2 things to say Ive done.
Ive put together a 2KW solar pv system on my home and I have designed a circuit based on arduino so my grid is detached if my battery is charged and there is bleeding solar energy !.
And I know a thing or two about the arduino and basic electronics.
I wanted to tell about me so those who answer can give me the ideas that best suit me :).
I am an opensource developer so I want to support projects like this which helps everyone!.
Re: Questions about extra sensor data and lot more
Welcome to the website. I shall ONLY answer the question about your electricity supply.
If you have a genuine 3-phase supply, you will measure:
Neutral - Earth: zero to a few volts,
Each Line - Neutral: approx. 220 V
Between any 2 Lines: approx 380 V
If you measure less than (say) 40 V between Lines but they both measure about the same to Neutral, then they are the same phase. Look here to see why.
It is quite normal for only large loads and motors to use 3 phases. Lighting and domestic socket outlets will invariably be single phase, though different floors or areas may well be on different phases. However, I don't understand why you should have a 3-phase supply and another phase, unless the building was originally two separate houses, or a house and a workshop.
I assume you have read this: Full-fat 3-phase monitor If you do have a 3-phase supply and you don't require maximum accuracy, then you can measure 3 phase currents and one voltage with a single emonTx. If the voltages of the three phases are significantly different, then you need to measure all 3 voltages and you probably need 3 x emonTx like the Full-fat project.
Re: Questions about extra sensor data and lot more
Thank you. Robert. I will test my phase voltages and see what i have.
You were right about my house being a 2 separate house initially and now only we are occupying it as a whole.
I am not really that much hardware saavy to stack 2 arduinos and setup things in master/slave.. I guess I can learn but I am 99% sure my house is just 4 seperate phases .
I would be grateful if someone can answer my other questions :)
Re: Questions about extra sensor data and lot more
I'm also new to openenergy... but assuming that the sketch do calc all 3 phases but the display only shows phase 1 i would think there is no problem just adding them together... if you want you could have the display cycle through them automatic... or push the button to change what phase or the combined result
I understand that you have some solar cells that output power and you use that to charge some battery's and you use the battery's to power something in your house... why not just monitor the power used from the colar system?
So as i understand your system, you could use the 3 phase system found here: http://openenergymonitor.org/emon/node/1170
that one can monitor 3 phases from the grid and up to 3 phases from a solar system. to monitor the extra phase for the 2nd "house" you can use just 1 emon tx on its own.
Use the GLCD to monitor on LCD... you can move it arround if powered from battery. use emoncms to monitor from internet/lan


US man holds pregnant girlfriend captive, forces her to drink toilet water, bleach
Police said the assault took place Wednesday at the 20-year-old victim’s apartment in St. Peters.
by APMissouri: An eastern Missouri man was accused of holding his pregnant girlfriend captive, punching her and forcing her to drink toilet water and bleach.
The St. Louis Post-Dispatch reports that 40-year-old Ronnie William Howard of St. Peters is charged with kidnapping, domestic assault and unlawful use of a weapon. He is jailed on USD 300,000 cash-only bail.
Police said the assault took place Wednesday at the 20-year-old victim’s apartment in St. Peters. She made a video call to a relative about the crime. The relative called the woman’s mother, who called police.
The victim was treated at a hospital.
A police probable cause statement said Howard has convictions in another state for kidnapping, assault by strangulation, assault with a firearm and stealing a motor vehicle. He does not have a listed attorney.
Catch the latest news, live coverage and in-depth analyses from India and World. Follow us on Facebook and Twitter.


All examples are using 3 valid tokens: Python, JavaScript and Ruby.
The examples are pretty straightforward, look at the source and get inspired!


git init
Learning Git and GitHub
Saturday, March 21st, 2015
back to blog index
This week we dove into “git.” Git is a distributed revision control system. Revision control is the management of changes to documents. In distributed revision control, many users can work on a given project without sharing a common network. Instead of a centralized system in the client-server approach, distributed revision control allows each user to have a copy of a project on their own system. The different copies are synchronized by exchanging changes peer-to-peer.
Revision control is also known as version control. Version control is a beneficial tool for many reasons. As the name implies, this system allows users to control the storage of different versions of a file or project in a safe, organized manner. Instead of trying to manually track changes in updated versions of files - which can be incomplete, poorly documented, and costly to store - "snapshots" of changes are available in one central place. Properly-managed and well-documented changes allow for the restoration of previous versions (when necessary), expanded backup capabilities (as many individual copies are distributed), and better analysis of the history of a project (thanks to descriptions that accompany the changes).
Version control also allows for better collaboration. Instead of working with a common shared folder, when only one user should be making changes at a time, any user can work on any file at any time. Changes are later merged into a common version. With version control, engineers can truly collaborate, working on any file whenever necessary, and for as long as needed. The entire project can be viewed at any time, and when it is improved upon, changes can be added.
In git’s method of version control, entire snapshots of a project are saved to a repository, which is an on-disk data structure containing metadata for a set of files and directories. The snapshots are known as commits, which can be merged with other versions of the project. With GitHub, a web-based repository hosting service, this is made even easier. GitHub contains its own version of a project’s repository, which acts as a central repository, allowing engineers to pull and push changes. It allows for forks of projects, which then become new central repositories. When changes are made to a fork, pull requests allow them to be merged with the main project. Thus, GitHub allows for even better collaboration, allowing users to build projects together, and save the history of the project along the way.
Our brief exploration into the concepts of git and GitHub has shown us their truly revolutionary nature. They allow users to track changes and collaborate better than they ever have before, all without a reliance on a central server. As we move forward in our learning DBC, our understanding git will be instrumental.
back to blog index


Comet parameter: activation_method
- This parameter specifies which scan types are searched.
- If "ALL" is specified, no filtering based on the activation method
is applied.
- If any other allowed entry is chosen, only spectra with activation
method matching the specified entry are searched.
- This parameter is valid only for mzXML, mzML and mz5 input.
- Allowed values are: ALL, CID, ECD, ETD, PQD, HCD, IRMPD
- The default value is "ALL" if this parameter is missing.
Example:
activation_method = ALL
activation_method = CID
activation_method = ETD
activation_method = HCD


[gecode-users] Problem on cloning spaces
Guido Tack
tack at gecode.org
Fri Jan 29 21:52:15 CET 2010
Hi,
the problem is that you're using copy to create the clone, not clone. Simply try this:
Model* m2 = dynamic_cast<Model*>(m->clone(true));
Cheers,
Guido
Ignacio Castiñeiras Pérez wrote:
> Hi,
> I have tried to use clones to reason with models.
> I got some execution errors which I do not understand. May I show it to you with a little example?
>
> I create a class Model with an IntVarArray "vars" as its own attribute.
> The default constructor initializes "vars" with two IntVar, vars[0] = 0, and vars[1] = [0..1].
> The function addVar() adds a new IntVar to "vars". The function postEQ() constraints two IntVars of "vars" to be equal.
>
> In the main program we create a first model "m" with the default constructor.
> We add two new vars "vars[2]" and "vars[3]", and constraint vars[2] = vars[0] and vars[3] = vars[1].
> We request propagation and show the solution.
>
> Then we create "m2" by using "m" and the copy constructor.
> We add two new vars "vars[4]" and "vars[5]" and constraints vars[4] = vars[0] and vars[5] = vars[1].
> While it succeeds posting vars[4] = vars[0] it fails trying to post vars[5] = vars[1].
>
> If (always in "m2") we try with vars[4] = vars[2] and vars[5] = vars[3] it fails too.
> It succeeds posting vars[4] = vars[2], but it fails trying to post vars[5] = vars[3].
> If we try with vars[4]= vars[5] it also fails.
>
> It seems that the error appears when we try to constraint a non-asigned "new variable" (created in the current Space "m2")
> with a non-asigned "old variable" (created in the Space "m", from which "m2" has been cloned from).
> An error also appears when we try to constraint two non-asigned variables in the clonated space. In "m2", both vars[4] = vars[5] and vars[2] = vars[3] fails, while in "m" vars[2] = vars[3] succeeds.
>
> Do you know what is the problem? Am I doing something wrong with the copy constructor?
>
> Gecode Version: Gecode 3.2.2
> Compiler tools: Microsoft Visual Studio 2008
> OS: Microsoft Windows XP SP3
>
> Thank you very much in advance,
> Nacho
>
> /* EXAMPLE */
>
>
> #include <gecode/int.hh>
> #include <gecode/search.hh>
>
> using namespace Gecode;
>
> class Model : public Space {
> protected:
> IntVarArray vars;
> public:
> Model(void) : Space(), vars(*this, 2, 0, 1){
> rel(*this, vars[0], IRT_EQ, 0);
> };
>
> Model(bool share, Model& s) : Space(share, s) {
> vars.update(*this, share, s.vars);
> }
>
> virtual Space* copy(bool share) {
> return new Model(share,*this);
> }
>
> void print(void) const {
> std::cout << vars << std::endl;
> }
>
> void newVar(){
> vars.add(*this, IntVar(*this, 0, 1));
> }
>
> void postEQ(int i, int j){
> rel(*this, vars[i], IRT_EQ, vars[j]);
> }
>
> };
>
>
> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
> Model* m = new Model;
> m->newVar();
> m->newVar();
> m->postEQ(2,0);
> m->postEQ(3,1);
> m->status();
> m->print();
>
> //------------------//
>
> Model* m2 = dynamic_cast<Model*>(m->copy(true));
> m2->newVar();
> m2->newVar();
> m2->postEQ(4,0);
> m2->postEQ(5,1);
> m2->status();
> m2->print();
>
> return 0;
> }
>
>
>
>
> <code.cpp>_______________________________________________
> Gecode users mailing list
> users at gecode.org
> https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
More information about the users
mailing list


mixed microtime ([ bool $get_as_float = false ] )
microtime() returns the current Unix timestamp with microseconds. This function is only available on operating systems that support the gettimeofday() system call.
By default, microtime() returns a string in the form "msec sec", where sec is the current time measured in the number of seconds since the Unix epoch (0:00:00 January 1, 1970 GMT), and msec is the number of microseconds that have elapsed since sec expressed in seconds. If get_as_float is set to TRUE, then microtime() returns a float, which represents the current time in seconds since the Unix epoch accurate to the nearest microsecond.


To develop an app that makes the volunteering recruitment process for elections in Hawai'i easier.
It has come to our attention that volunteers of state elections may face problems with signing up and committing as a volunteer. Traditionally, volunteers sign up by calling the Office of Elections and are then called back later so that they can schedule a training session. Some of the problems with this are: schedule conflicts, ineffective reminders, and being unprepared to write down information.
We are student developers (grades 11 & 12) from Waipahu High School. All of us are currently taking our second year of Coding, a new class offered at WHS.
Visual Professional
The meme & gaming master
Zedrick's Favorite Apps:
Team Captain | Styler
i 2³ ∑ π & it was gr8
Angela's Favorite Apps:
API Wizard
Doesn't reply within 24 hours...
Dylan's Favorite Apps:
WHS Teacher
Too busy to fill out her bio...
Mrs. Takara's Favorite Apps:


This is your dashboard where you can update your public profile or configuring your settings.
Select the kind of role you identify with.
Select the kinds of roles you're looking for.
Your Summary
Your Skills and Interests


Regular Expressions (aka Regex, Regexp)
Nov 9, 2014
Regular expressions describe patterns of characters. Commonly referred to with the shorthand regexp, they are an integral part of most common programming languages. Most languages use similar commands to call regexps.
Regexps can be very high level, for example / \d/
describes any digit, and / \s/
descibres any whitespace (spaces, tab indents, line breaks). They can also be tasked for finding very specific patterns. /cobra/
looks for the string of letters, c-o-b-r-a, in exactly that arrangement. /[aeiouy3]/
employs brackets to indicate a set of characters. If the string being searched contains any one of those characters (the vowels, y, and--for whatever reason, the digit 3), it will match the regexp.
In Ruby, regexps are objects; instances of their very own Class,
Regexp.
, i.e. /\d/.class #=>Regexp < Object
. As you've seen in my examples so far, they can be denoted with /.../
. You can also use %r{...}
. Both of those represent the Regexp literals.
To be very meta about it, let's say you want to search a document for the string describing the Regexp literal, %r{...} to readers. In a string, when you want to write quotation marks, you have to escape them (because they mark the string literal, ""
. So you deploy an apostrophe with: puts "what\'s up?"
. You use the backslash as an escape character. In Regexp's, the backslash is also the escape character. So to find the index position of the beginning of the first Regexp literal in document
you'd use:
document =~ /\%\{/ 26 #this being the index position where the first Regexp opens in the string.
To help you get started, here is a list of the common character classes, search for in Regexps by escaping with the backslash:
- \w = word character (alphanumerics and underscores)
- \W = non-word character
- \d = digits
- \D = non-digits
- \s = whitespace
- \S = non-whitespace
- \b = word boundaries
- \B = non-word boundaries
- \n = newline
This should allow you to dip your toes into Regexp use. As you work, you may want to refer to this concise guide to Perl's special Regexp characters, which is what many popular languages like Ruby, JavaScript, and Python use.


NO ESCAPE A film review by James Berardinelli Copyright 1994 James Berardinelli
Rating (0 to 10): 6.0
Date Released: 4/29/93 Running Length: 1:59 Rated: R (Violence, gore, language)
Starring: Ray Liotta, Lance Henriksen, Stuart Wilson, Kevin Dillon, Ernie Hudson, Michael Lerner Director: Martin Campbell Producer: Gail Anne Hurd Screenplay: Michael Gaylin and Joel Gross based on THE PENAL COLONY by Richard Herley Music: Graeme Revell Released by Savoy Pictures
The science fiction/action arena is littered with entries of varying quality, from the pulse pounding excitement of ALIENS to the plodding and ill-conceived SPLIT SECOND. NO ESCAPE, the latest offering from mega-producer Gail Anne Hurd, falls somewhere in between.
Set in the year 2022, when the prison system has become big business, NO ESCAPE opens with the incarceration of Captain J. T. Robbins (Ray Liotta) in Leviticus, a maximum security prison for unredeemable offenders. The Warden (Michael Lerner) is a sadist who delights in fiendishly vicious punishments and sends his worst prisoners to the escape-proof island of Absalom, where savagery is the norm and survival the sole objective. It doesn't take long before Robbins, a man who steadfastly refuses to take orders or acknowledge authority, offends the Warden enough to warrant a one-way journey to Absalom.
If elements of NO ESCAPE sound vaguely familiar to those of last year's FORTRESS, don't be disturbed. This movie is far more watchable.
Most of the script, which is based on Richard Herley's THE PENAL COLONY, is reasonably intelligent--or at least it doesn't astound with its lack of intelligence. The biggest plot problem is the existence of Absalom. It's never made clear exactly what the prison island's purpose is, or how it was established. Not that this is the only "detail" glossed over by NO ESCAPE.
Of course, many of the explanations could have been snipped from the final print. It's clear that the editors went to work on NO ESCAPE. Even at a two hour running length, it has all the marks of a pruning job. In most cases, especially the action sequences, this has been expertly done, but it's apparent that a fair amount of what was committed to film didn't make it to the screen version.
The first half hour is reminiscent of a futuristic THE FUGITIVE in that it doesn't give the viewer much opportunity to catch his or her breath. During the final three-quarters of NO ESCAPE, bursts of action occur, but nothing--not even the climactic battle--rivals the opening for generating tension.
Ray Liotta might seem an odd choice for an action hero. After all, he doesn't have Schwarzenegger's biceps, Stallone's monosyllabic speech patterns, Van Damme's accent, or Lundgren's woodenness. In fact, Liotta is an actor--and a pretty good one at that. Nevertheless, despite this apparent "disadvantage", he's reasonably convincing. I think it's the steely eyes and no-nonsense expression. It certainly isn't the few obligatory (and lame) one-liners he's forced to utter.
Development of Captain Robbins' character is spotty, and the movie arguably might have been better had he remained ambiguous. Before we know his background, he's fierce and intimidating. Learning the truth serves to diminish him.
The supporting actors, as is often the case, vary from good to bad. Lance Henriksen, who is making a career appearing in these sorts of films, is merely adequate, as is Ernie Hudson as a mirthless head-of-security. Michael Lerner is miscast as the nasty Warden--his sneer isn't good enough. Far better is Stuart Wilson, who steals far too many scenes from Liotta and everyone else, as the deliciously evil Satan of Absalom, Merak. The worst performance belongs to Kevin Dillon, whose whiny, poorly-realized Casey should have been excised from the screenplay.
Filmed in Australia, NO ESCAPE boasts gorgeous scenery, and it's easy to accept Absalom as a lush hell. The special effects are believable, although not plentiful. And those members of the audience who don't like rats will have to close their eyes during one very creepy scene.
NO ESCAPE is effective, but not superlative. The more you think about it, the less it holds together, but this is not a motion picture designed to withstand careful scrutiny. Put simply, NO ESCAPE is meant to be an escape and, as such, it meets all the necessary requirements.
- James Berardinelli<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Started with web designing using photoshop and graphic design using illustrator.Once designed i started developing my own web page and this is my first portfolio webpage created using html,css,javascript and bootstrap.
I do motion graphics and visual effects using adobe after effects.The passion for designing and developing is guiding to design my life with new designing paths and learning!


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[enable JavaScript to render MarkDown]:
# Embedding Scrollback You can easily embed Scrollback into your own website by following these simple steps: #### **Step one:** On the Scrollback website, create your own chat room. This chat-room will be the one which will get embedded into your site. ![Create own room on Scrollback](http://i.imgur.com/ora5MN8.png) #### **Step two:** If a room with that name already exists, you will be redirected to that room, else you will be promted accordingly and asked if you would like to create a new room and claim it. Once you claim a your room, you will be get the option to embed your Scrollback room into your website. ![Option to get the embed Script](http://i.imgur.com/UjsLAE4.png) #### **Step three:** Copy the entire script that appears in the modal window. ![Copy Code](http://i.imgur.com/1I7KcYu.png) #### **Step four:** Open your website's HTML code and paste the script before the closing 'head' tag #### See an example: [Sample website HTML with Scrollback](http://jsbin.com/AmUkekUL/6/edit) #### On Wordpress? [Guide to embedding any script (including Scrollback) in a Wordpress site ](http://www.labnol.org/software/javascript-in-wordpress/)


|
ovs all
|
#include <ofproto-provider.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| struct hindex cookies | OVS_GUARDED_BY (ofproto_mutex) |
| struct hmap learned_cookies | OVS_GUARDED_BY (ofproto_mutex) |
| struct ovs_list expirable | OVS_GUARDED_BY (ofproto_mutex) |
Data Fields | |
| struct hmap_node | hmap_node |
| const struct ofproto_class * | ofproto_class |
| char * | type |
| char * | name |
| uint64_t | fallback_dpid |
| uint64_t | datapath_id |
| bool | forward_bpdu |
| char * | mfr_desc |
| char * | hw_desc |
| char * | sw_desc |
| char * | serial_desc |
| char * | dp_desc |
| enum ofp_config_flags | frag_handling |
| struct hmap | ports |
| struct shash | port_by_name |
| struct simap | ofp_requests |
| uint16_t | alloc_port_no |
| uint16_t | max_ports |
| struct hmap | ofport_usage |
| uint64_t | change_seq |
| long long int | eviction_group_timer |
| struct oftable * | tables |
| int | n_tables |
| cls_version_t | tables_version |
| struct ofputil_meter_features | meter_features |
| struct meter ** | meters |
| struct connmgr * | connmgr |
| struct guarded_list | rule_executes |
| unsigned long int * | vlan_bitmap |
| bool | vlans_changed |
| int | min_mtu |
| struct ovs_rwlock | groups_rwlock |
| struct hmap groups | OVS_GUARDED |
| uint32_t n_groups[4] | OVS_GUARDED |
| struct ofputil_group_features | ogf |
| struct hindex cookies ofproto::OVS_GUARDED_BY | ( | ofproto_mutex | ) |
| struct ovs_list expirable ofproto::OVS_GUARDED_BY | ( | ofproto_mutex | ) |
| struct hmap learned_cookies ofproto::OVS_GUARDED_BY | ( | ofproto_mutex | ) |
| uint16_t ofproto::alloc_port_no |
| uint64_t ofproto::change_seq |
| struct connmgr* ofproto::connmgr |
| uint64_t ofproto::datapath_id |
| char* ofproto::dp_desc |
| long long int ofproto::eviction_group_timer |
| uint64_t ofproto::fallback_dpid |
| bool ofproto::forward_bpdu |
| enum ofp_config_flags ofproto::frag_handling |
| struct ovs_rwlock ofproto::groups_rwlock |
| struct hmap_node ofproto::hmap_node |
| char* ofproto::hw_desc |
| uint16_t ofproto::max_ports |
| struct ofputil_meter_features ofproto::meter_features |
| struct meter** ofproto::meters |
| char* ofproto::mfr_desc |
| int ofproto::min_mtu |
| int ofproto::n_tables |
| char* ofproto::name |
| struct simap ofproto::ofp_requests |
| struct hmap ofproto::ofport_usage |
| const struct ofproto_class* ofproto::ofproto_class |
| struct ofputil_group_features ofproto::ogf |
| struct hmap groups ofproto::OVS_GUARDED |
| uint32_t n_groups [4] ofproto::OVS_GUARDED |
| struct shash ofproto::port_by_name |
| struct hmap ofproto::ports |
| struct guarded_list ofproto::rule_executes |
| char* ofproto::serial_desc |
| char* ofproto::sw_desc |
| struct oftable* ofproto::tables |
| cls_version_t ofproto::tables_version |
| char* ofproto::type |
| unsigned long int* ofproto::vlan_bitmap |
| bool ofproto::vlans_changed |


Item 8.10.1.g.
Solutions: What are some things that districts and states can do (or have done) to decrease the number of arrests and suspensions, and to close the racial gap in school discipline? You can do some research about the reforms already taking place in various states across the country.in-context


A SQL injection attack as defined by Wikipedia is a code injection technique, used to attack data-driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution (e.g. to dump the database contents to the attacker).
First-order attacks are when the attacker receives the desired information immediately. They can receive immediately through something like e-mail
Second-order attacks are when the attacker injects some data that will reside in the database, but the payload will not be immediately activated.
For either type of attack, the goal is for the attacker to inject their own SQL into the statement that will return valuable information. For example, if there is nothing to prevent a user from entering "wrong" input, the attacker can put a true statement in and get back everything in that table. So, if an attacker input this statement:
Since 1=1 is always true, the attacker would get access to everything in the Users table. This may contain: usernames, passwords, and other important information.
There are endless examples of how to inject SQL, but let's move on to how to prevent attacks.
You may think that a company would be safe if they used an intranet webiste, being unavailable to Internet users would give you a false sense of security. Many attackers are insiders that would have already have access to some of the information. To make sure employees don't get more information than they are authorized to have, the program should only allow valid data through. Once valid data is through it must be verified and cleaned up with other security features in place.
Another way of preventing attacks is to ecrypt data. A way to encrypt data is through a "salted hash". This will be used on certain information you need to keep secret, such as passwords. When a password is created, a randomly generated "salt" value is also created. The value of a salted hash is such that a dictionary attack would not work. Even if the password is determined by brute force, the use of salt will greatly slow down the process.


This class receives the eye-tracking data from pupil capture via XMQ protocol and provides static methods for other classes to get the data.
More...
|
| static Vector2 | GetCoordinates () |
| | The gaze's coordinates in two dimensional space. These are mapped by Pupil Capture from the pupil's position onto the world view. These use the normalized coordinates and multiply them with the screen size to get the pixel coordinates of the gaze. More...
|
| |
| static Vector2 | GetNormalCoordinates () |
| | The gaze's coordinates in two dimensional space. These are mapped by Pupil Capture from the pupil's position onto the world view. These are normalized, therefore (0;0) is the bottom left corner and (1;1) is the top right corner More...
|
| |
| static double | GetGazeTimestamp () |
| | Timestamp of the calculated gaze position. Measured in seconds since PUPIL EPOCH. PUPIL EPOCH is usually the time since last boot. In UNIX like, PUPIL EPOCH is usually not the Unix Epoch (00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970). More...
|
| |
| static Vector2 | GetEyeLCoordinates () |
| | The left pupil's center's position in pixel coordinates, rounded down. More...
|
| |
| static Vector2 | GetEyeLNormalCoordinates () |
| | The pupil's normal coordinates. (0; 0) is the bottom left corner, the top right one is (Screen.width; Screen.height) More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeLPupilDiameterPixels () |
| | The diameter of the left pupil in image pixels. More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeLConfidence () |
| | The confidence in the left eye's tracking data, ranges from 0.0 (worst) to 1.0 (best) More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeLPupilDiameterMillimeters () |
| | Diameter of the left pupil scaled to mm based on anthropomorphic average eye ball diameter and corrected for perspective. More...
|
| |
| static ProjectedSphere | GetEyeLProjectedSphere () |
| | 3D sphere projected back onto the left eye image frame. Units are in image pixels. More...
|
| |
| static Sphere | GetEyeLEyeballSphere () |
| | The sphere representing the left eyeball in 3d space. Units are scaled to mm. More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeLTheta () |
| | Polar angle of the left pupil's normal in spherical coordinates More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeLPhi () |
| | Azimuthal angle of the left pupil's normal in spherical coordinates More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeLModelId () |
| | ID of the current eye model. When a slippage is detected the model is replaced and the id changes. More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeLTimestamp () |
| | Timestamp of the source image frame. Measured in seconds since PUPIL EPOCH. PUPIL EPOCH is usually the time since last boot. In UNIX like, PUPIL EPOCH is usually not the Unix Epoch (00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970). More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeLModelConfidence () |
| | Confidence in the current eye model (0-1). More...
|
| |
| static string | GetEyeLMethod () |
| | A string that indicates what detector was used to detect the pupil More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeLid () |
| | Index for the Pupil, for the left eye this should be 0. Otherwise there might be an error in the Pupil Capture settings. More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeLModelTimestamp () |
| | Timestamp of the model. Measured in seconds since PUPIL EPOCH. PUPIL EPOCH is usually the time since last boot. In UNIX like, PUPIL EPOCH is usually not the Unix Epoch (00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970). More...
|
| |
| static Circle3d | GetEyeLPupil3D () |
| | The left eye as a 3dCircle in three dimensional space. Units are scaled to millimeters based on the average human eyeball. More...
|
| |
| static Ellipse | GetEyeLEllipse () |
| | The ellipse showing the two dimensional position of the pupil. It is shown as a red ellipse in Pupil Capture's Eye View. More...
|
| |
| static Vector2 | GetEyeRCoordinates () |
| | The right pupil's center's position in pixel coordinates, rounded down. More...
|
| |
| static Vector2 | GetEyeRNormalCoordinates () |
| | The pupil's normal coordinates. (0; 0) is the bottom right corner, the top right one is (Screen.width; Screen.height) More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeRPupilDiameterPixels () |
| | The diameter of the right pupil in image pixels. More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeRConfidence () |
| | The confidence in the right eye's tracking data, ranges from 0.0 (worst) to 1.0 (best) More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeRPupilDiameterMillimeters () |
| | Diameter of the right pupil scaled to mm based on anthropomorphic average eye ball diameter and corrected for perspective. More...
|
| |
| static ProjectedSphere | GetEyeRProjectedSphere () |
| | 3D sphere projected back onto the right eye image frame. Units are in image pixels. More...
|
| |
| static Sphere | GetEyeREyeballSphere () |
| | The sphere representing the right eyeball in 3d space. Units are scaled to mm. More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeRTheta () |
| | Polar angle of the right pupil's normal in spherical coordinates More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeRPhi () |
| | Azimuthal angle of the right pupil's normal in spherical coordinates More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeRModelId () |
| | ID of the current eye model. When a slippage is detected the model is replaced and the id changes. More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeRTimestamp () |
| | Timestamp of the source image frame. Measured in seconds since PUPIL EPOCH. PUPIL EPOCH is usually the time since last boot. In UNIX like, PUPIL EPOCH is usually not the Unix Epoch (00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970). More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeRModelConfidence () |
| | Confidence in the current eye model (0-1). More...
|
| |
| static string | GetEyeRMethod () |
| | A string that indicates what detector was used to detect the pupil More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeRid () |
| | Index for the Pupil, for the right eye this should be 1. Otherwise there might be an error in the Pupil Capture settings. More...
|
| |
| static double | GetEyeRModelTimestamp () |
| | Timestamp of the model. Measured in seconds since PUPIL EPOCH. PUPIL EPOCH is usually the time since last boot. In UNIX like, PUPIL EPOCH is usually not the Unix Epoch (00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970). More...
|
| |
| static Circle3d | GetEyeRPupil3D () |
| | The right eye as a 3dCircle in three dimensional space. Units are scaled to millimeters based on the average human eyeball. More...
|
| |
| static Ellipse | GetEyeREllipse () |
| | The ellipse showing the two dimensional position of the pupil. It is shown as a red ellipse in Pupil Capture's Eye View. More...
|
| |
This class receives the eye-tracking data from pupil capture via XMQ protocol and provides static methods for other classes to get the data.


Say it
Daily Tasks
Weekly Tasks
Completed Tasks
Uncompleted Tasks
Add Task
Logout
{% block body %}{% endblock %}
{% include "create_task.html" %} {% include "edit_task.html" %}


JavaScript must be enabled in order for you to use Jain Bandhan in standard view. However, it seems JavaScript is either disabled or not supported by your browser. To use standard view, enable JavaScript by changing your browser options, then try again.


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
I believe that I am able in this moment to do my absolute best. I will learn from my past and I am planning for my future but at this moment, right now, I am empowered to be!


---
title: equivalentRadius
sidebar: function_reference_sidebar
permalink: grain2d.equivalentRadius.html
folder: function_reference
toc: false
---
returns the equivalent radius of grain-polygon
defined as
\[ r = \sqrt{\frac{A}{\pi}} \],
where \(A\) is the area of a grain
Syntax
{% highlight matlab %}
r = equivalentRadius(grains)
{% endhighlight %}
Input
Output
|
r
|
radius (in measurement units)
|
See also
grain2d.deltaarea grain2d.equivalentPerimeter grain2d.paris


Orangutan
Chair and Chalk
+
Can't help it if my head in a daze, my eyes tune up the other way. My mind's going on and off the dream.
Credits
- Client: Girl
- Agency / Production : Five / Six
- Web Development: Sky


Free and Open Sharing of knowledge, source, design.
This project is an open source project. Following the principles of the Free Software Movement the software source code and hardware designs are available at no cost to everyone under the GNU General Public License. This makes it possible to do more than just use the technology;
- you can learn how it works from the physics of AC and DC electricity to electronic circuit design and software programming.
- You can build it yourself (and with others) and modify it to your needs.
- You can take part and benefit from a collaborative effort to develop and improve it.
- If it breaks you can learn how to repair it and when it comes to the end of its useful life it is easier to take apart so that different components and materials can be recycled in to new technologies.
At the heart of every commercially existing electricity monitor, central heating controller, solar water controller, wind and PV monitor is a proprietary microcontroller system are closed protocols. Replacing this with open source hardware, software, firmware and communications protocols leads to a more integrated system that ultimately yields significant overall benefits to the user in terms of convenience, usability and maintainability.
We believe open source is a better way of doing things, it is a way in which people can get involved in developing and making technology and build on the work of others. The openenergymonitor hardware builds upon an open source micro-controller platform called Arduino (which is based on ATMEL micros) and work by projects such as Cliff Jao and Xi Guo's PowerBox, the web based software builds upon open source software such as php, mysql and jquery.
Open source and the purpose of technology
I great quote by Richard Stallman it really sums up for me a really important reason for open source:
"...but something that humanity could tremendously benefit from knowing, I mustn’t withhold. You see, the purpose of science and technology is to develop useful information for humanity to help people live their lives better. If we promise to withhold that information–if we keep it secret–then we are betraying the mission of our field. And this, I decided, I shouldnt do." - Richard Stallman
Further reading
Free Software Foundation fighting for essential freedoms.
Open Source Initiative formed to educate about and advocate for the benefits of open source and to build bridges among different constituencies in the open-source community.
The Homebrew Industrial revolution by Kevin Carson a really great book that explains these ideas very clearly
AdCiv - Post-scarcity philosophy


user: {{data['id']}}
created: {{timeAgo}}
karma: {{data['karma']}}
about: {{data['about']}}
submissions comments


The backdrop
option specifies whether the modal should hava a dark overlay (the background color of the current page) or not
The keyboard
option specifies whether the modal can be closed with the escape key.
Note: Press the Tab key on your keyboard to enter the modal window and then press the Esc key.
The show
option specifies whether the modal should be shown upon initialization.


Note these addreses are derived from the BIP32 Extended Key
|
Path
|
Address
|
Public Key
|
Private Key
|
|---|---|---|---|
Read more at the official BIP39 spec
Read more at the official BIP32 spec and see the demo at bip32.org
Read more at the official BIP44 spec
Use private keys at brainwallet.org, but be careful - it can be easy to make mistakes if you don't know what you're doing
You can use this tool without having to be online.
In your browser, select file save-as, and save this page as a file.
Double-click that file to open it in a browser on any offline computer.
Alternatively, download it from https://github.com/erasmospunk/bip39
Get the source code at - https://github.com/erasmospunk/bip39
Originally based on - https://github.com/dcpos/bip39
BitcoinJS - https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib
jsBIP39 - https://github.com/iancoleman/jsbip39
sjcl - https://github.com/bitwiseshiftleft/sjcl
jQuery - https://jquery.com/
Twitter Bootstrap - http://getbootstrap.com/


Scale Drop - Responsive Web Design in Mumbai India.
About
Blog
Twitter
A better way to Test Responsiveness of website
|||
Mobile
Mobile Landscape
Tablet
Tablet Landscape
Desktop
Mobile with Retina (NEW)


The recruitment program helps to attract and refer quality candidates across the GC. We directly support the IM/IT community, the Chief Information Officer of Canada as the functional head of the IM/IT community and the Policy on Service and Digital.
Our pools have:
It is the hiring organization’s responsibility to review the candidate’s file to determine an appropriate group and level to offer.
In partnership with the Public Service Commission, the following recruitment processes were externally advertised:
Women in Technology (open and ongoing)
Following a needs analysis with the community, the competencies below were identified for assessment:
We assess these competencies through three steps:
The group interview concept was validated by the Personnel Psychology Centre at the Public Service Commission.
The group interview:
Board members are OCIO employees and volunteers from the community.
To move forward in the process, candidates must obtain a 60% pass mark for each competency during the interview.
Candidates successful in the interview move on to the self-assessment step.
The self-assessment:
At this step, we send a reference check form to the candidate’s referees to validate the examples provided by the candidate and to answer other reference check questions.
Before proceeding to hire a candidate, we recommend having a right fit meeting. If an organization determines additional testing is required, it is possible and up to the organization to complete the assessment. For that reason, it is the hiring organization that determines whether they consider our pool as fully or partially assessed.
Organizations that are interested in hiring from our pool are provided with the candidate’s:
Typically, positions offered through our pool are term or indeterminate, throughout Canada (mostly in the National Capital Region) and range from CS-01 to CS-04.
The Statement of Merit used to obtain priority clearance is in some instances modified to include experience criteria from the candidate answers to the asset questions in the application and from resumes. It is up to hiring organizations to determine the appropriate position level for a candidate as there was no group and level on the job posters.
Once a candidate is hired, a copy of the signed letter of offer needs to be sent to us.
ConneCSion is a recruitment event that we hold a few times a year for candidates in our pool and hiring managers who are looking for talented candidates.
We are always working towards making ConneCSion as efficient and successful as possible. Based on experience and feedback, we found that a combination of networking and scheduled interviews works very well. This means having an open space designated to networking and small breakout rooms designated to scheduled interviews.
Note: because of COVID-19, our most recent event was fully virtual.
Anne-Marie Kirouac Assistant Director, Policy & Programs
Corinne Fraser Project Services Manager
Mélanie Desjardins Project Coordinator
Hélène Levesque Research Agent
Julie Harrison External Recruiter
Want to know more about our recruitment initiatives? Looking to hire from our pool? Send us a message, we’re happy to talk!


Dosages consumed / Time
200mg 5-HTP 0:00
125mg Protease 0:30
Protease is a slightly brand-specific name for a combination of enzymes which aid the body in amino acid breakdown. 5-HTP is an amino acid which is a precursor to serotonin.
I had been experimenting with 5-HTP for approximately 1 week before this episode occurred. I had not had any negative experiences with 5-HTP before this. Approximately 25 minutes after the dose of protease I had begun to feel elated, and generally good. Within half an hour or so after this I had started to feel as if I had taken a very strong stimulant. This was a neutral effect, it didn't bother me, however it was related to a stimulant effect merely in the anxiety / thought racing / irritability. It didn't give me the normal stimulating effect of wanting to accomplish tasks and in fact I did not want to do anything whatsoever.
Within the next 3 hours these effects peaked and I experienced what can be likened to a small scale serotonin overload. I had begun to experience at the peak a feeling of being hot yet cold, tired yet awake, nervous, anxious, and could not think very clearly. After an hour of the peak these feelings had subsided for the most part and my functions returned to normal. I would not suggest repeating this experiment as it was not enjoyable whatsoever.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


| 1 | /* =========================================================== | |
| 2 | * JFreeChart : a free chart library for the Java(tm) platform | |
| 3 | * =========================================================== | |
| 4 | * | |
| 5 | * (C) Copyright 2000-2008, by Object Refinery Limited and Contributors. | |
| 6 | * | |
| 7 | * Project Info: http://www.jfree.org/jfreechart/index.html | |
| 8 | * | |
| 9 | * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
| 10 | * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by | |
| 11 | * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or | |
| 12 | * (at your option) any later version. | |
| 13 | * | |
| 14 | * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but | |
| 15 | * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY | |
| 16 | * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public | |
| 17 | * License for more details. | |
| 18 | * | |
| 19 | * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public | |
| 20 | * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software | |
| 21 | * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, | |
| 22 | * USA. | |
| 23 | * | |
| 24 | * [Java is a trademark or registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. | |
| 25 | * in the United States and other countries.] | |
| 26 | * | |
| 27 | * ------------------ | |
| 28 | * PointerNeedle.java | |
| 29 | * ------------------ | |
| 30 | * (C) Copyright 2002-2008, by the Australian Antarctic Division and | |
| 31 | * Contributors. | |
| 32 | * | |
| 33 | * Original Author: Bryan Scott (for the Australian Antarctic Division); | |
| 34 | * Contributor(s): David Gilbert (for Object Refinery Limited); | |
| 35 | * | |
| 36 | * Changes: | |
| 37 | * -------- | |
| 38 | * 25-Sep-2002 : Version 1, contributed by Bryan Scott (DG); | |
| 39 | * 26-Mar-2003 : Implemented Serializable (DG); | |
| 40 | * 09-Sep-2003 : Added equals() method (DG); | |
| 41 | * 08-Jun-2005 : Implemented Cloneable (DG); | |
| 42 | * 22-Nov-2007 : Implemented hashCode() (DG); | |
| 43 | * | |
| 44 | */ | |
| 45 | ||
| 46 | package org.jfree.chart.needle; | |
| 47 | ||
| 48 | import java.awt.Graphics2D; | |
| 49 | import java.awt.geom.GeneralPath; | |
| 50 | import java.awt.geom.Point2D; | |
| 51 | import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D; | |
| 52 | import java.io.Serializable; | |
| 53 | ||
| 54 | /** | |
| 55 | * A needle in the shape of a pointer, for use with the | |
| 56 | * {@link org.jfree.chart.plot.CompassPlot} class. | |
| 57 | */ | |
| 58 | public class PointerNeedle extends MeterNeedle | |
| 59 | implements Cloneable, Serializable { | |
| 60 | ||
| 61 | /** For serialization. */ | |
| 62 | private static final long serialVersionUID = -4744677345334729606L; | |
| 63 | ||
| 64 | /** | |
| 65 | * Draws the needle. | |
| 66 | * | |
| 67 | * @param g2 the graphics device. | |
| 68 | * @param plotArea the plot area. | |
| 69 | * @param rotate the rotation point. | |
| 70 | * @param angle the angle. | |
| 71 | */ | |
| 72 | protected void drawNeedle(Graphics2D g2, Rectangle2D plotArea, | |
| 73 | Point2D rotate, double angle) { | |
| 74 | ||
| 75 | GeneralPath shape1 = new GeneralPath(); | |
| 76 | GeneralPath shape2 = new GeneralPath(); | |
| 77 | float minX = (float) plotArea.getMinX(); | |
| 78 | float minY = (float) plotArea.getMinY(); | |
| 79 | float maxX = (float) plotArea.getMaxX(); | |
| 80 | float maxY = (float) plotArea.getMaxY(); | |
| 81 |
2
1. drawNeedle : Replaced double division with multiplication → NO_COVERAGE 2. drawNeedle : Replaced double addition with subtraction → NO_COVERAGE |
float midX = (float) (minX + (plotArea.getWidth() / 2)); |
| 82 |
2
1. drawNeedle : Replaced double division with multiplication → NO_COVERAGE 2. drawNeedle : Replaced double addition with subtraction → NO_COVERAGE |
float midY = (float) (minY + (plotArea.getHeight() / 2)); |
| 83 | ||
| 84 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/geom/GeneralPath::moveTo → NO_COVERAGE |
shape1.moveTo(minX, midY); |
| 85 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/geom/GeneralPath::lineTo → NO_COVERAGE |
shape1.lineTo(midX, minY); |
| 86 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/geom/GeneralPath::lineTo → NO_COVERAGE |
shape1.lineTo(maxX, midY); |
| 87 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/geom/GeneralPath::closePath → NO_COVERAGE |
shape1.closePath(); |
| 88 | ||
| 89 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/geom/GeneralPath::moveTo → NO_COVERAGE |
shape2.moveTo(minX, midY); |
| 90 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/geom/GeneralPath::lineTo → NO_COVERAGE |
shape2.lineTo(midX, maxY); |
| 91 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/geom/GeneralPath::lineTo → NO_COVERAGE |
shape2.lineTo(maxX, midY); |
| 92 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/geom/GeneralPath::closePath → NO_COVERAGE |
shape2.closePath(); |
| 93 | ||
| 94 |
2
1. drawNeedle : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE 2. drawNeedle : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE |
if ((rotate != null) && (angle != 0)) { |
| 95 | /// we have rotation huston, please spin me | |
| 96 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/geom/AffineTransform::setToRotation → NO_COVERAGE |
getTransform().setToRotation(angle, rotate.getX(), rotate.getY()); |
| 97 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/geom/GeneralPath::transform → NO_COVERAGE |
shape1.transform(getTransform()); |
| 98 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/geom/GeneralPath::transform → NO_COVERAGE |
shape2.transform(getTransform()); |
| 99 | } | |
| 100 | ||
| 101 |
1
1. drawNeedle : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE |
if (getFillPaint() != null) { |
| 102 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/Graphics2D::setPaint → NO_COVERAGE |
g2.setPaint(getFillPaint()); |
| 103 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/Graphics2D::fill → NO_COVERAGE |
g2.fill(shape1); |
| 104 | } | |
| 105 | ||
| 106 |
1
1. drawNeedle : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE |
if (getHighlightPaint() != null) { |
| 107 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/Graphics2D::setPaint → NO_COVERAGE |
g2.setPaint(getHighlightPaint()); |
| 108 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/Graphics2D::fill → NO_COVERAGE |
g2.fill(shape2); |
| 109 | } | |
| 110 | ||
| 111 |
1
1. drawNeedle : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE |
if (getOutlinePaint() != null) { |
| 112 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/Graphics2D::setStroke → NO_COVERAGE |
g2.setStroke(getOutlineStroke()); |
| 113 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/Graphics2D::setPaint → NO_COVERAGE |
g2.setPaint(getOutlinePaint()); |
| 114 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/Graphics2D::draw → NO_COVERAGE |
g2.draw(shape1); |
| 115 |
1
1. drawNeedle : removed call to java/awt/Graphics2D::draw → NO_COVERAGE |
g2.draw(shape2); |
| 116 | } | |
| 117 | } | |
| 118 | ||
| 119 | /** | |
| 120 | * Tests another object for equality with this object. | |
| 121 | * | |
| 122 | * @param obj the object to test (null permitted). | |
| 123 | * | |
| 124 | * @return A boolean. | |
| 125 | */ | |
| 126 | public boolean equals(Object obj) { | |
| 127 |
1
1. equals : negated conditional → SURVIVED |
if (obj == this) { |
| 128 |
1
1. equals : replaced return of integer sized value with (x == 0 ? 1 : 0) → NO_COVERAGE |
return true; |
| 129 | } | |
| 130 |
1
1. equals : negated conditional → KILLED |
if (!(obj instanceof PointerNeedle)) { |
| 131 |
1
1. equals : replaced return of integer sized value with (x == 0 ? 1 : 0) → NO_COVERAGE |
return false; |
| 132 | } | |
| 133 |
1
1. equals : negated conditional → KILLED |
if (!super.equals(obj)) { |
| 134 |
1
1. equals : replaced return of integer sized value with (x == 0 ? 1 : 0) → NO_COVERAGE |
return false; |
| 135 | } | |
| 136 |
1
1. equals : replaced return of integer sized value with (x == 0 ? 1 : 0) → KILLED |
return true; |
| 137 | } | |
| 138 | ||
| 139 | /** | |
| 140 | * Returns a hash code for this instance. | |
| 141 | * | |
| 142 | * @return A hash code. | |
| 143 | */ | |
| 144 | public int hashCode() { | |
| 145 |
1
1. hashCode : replaced return of integer sized value with (x == 0 ? 1 : 0) → NO_COVERAGE |
return super.hashCode(); |
| 146 | } | |
| 147 | ||
| 148 | /** | |
| 149 | * Returns a clone of this needle. | |
| 150 | * | |
| 151 | * @return A clone. | |
| 152 | * | |
| 153 | * @throws CloneNotSupportedException if the PointerNeedle | |
| 154 | * cannot be cloned (in theory, this should not happen). | |
| 155 | */ | |
| 156 | public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { | |
| 157 |
1
1. clone : mutated return of Object value for org/jfree/chart/needle/PointerNeedle::clone to ( if (x != null) null else throw new RuntimeException ) → KILLED |
return super.clone(); |
| 158 | } | |
| 159 | ||
| 160 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 81 |
1.1 2.2 |
|
| 82 |
1.1 2.2 |
|
| 84 |
1.1 |
|
| 85 |
1.1 |
|
| 86 |
1.1 |
|
| 87 |
1.1 |
|
| 89 |
1.1 |
|
| 90 |
1.1 |
|
| 91 |
1.1 |
|
| 92 |
1.1 |
|
| 94 |
1.1 2.2 |
|
| 96 |
1.1 |
|
| 97 |
1.1 |
|
| 98 |
1.1 |
|
| 101 |
1.1 |
|
| 102 |
1.1 |
|
| 103 |
1.1 |
|
| 106 |
1.1 |
|
| 107 |
1.1 |
|
| 108 |
1.1 |
|
| 111 |
1.1 |
|
| 112 |
1.1 |
|
| 113 |
1.1 |
|
| 114 |
1.1 |
|
| 115 |
1.1 |
|
| 127 |
1.1 |
|
| 128 |
1.1 |
|
| 130 |
1.1 |
|
| 131 |
1.1 |
|
| 133 |
1.1 |
|
| 134 |
1.1 |
|
| 136 |
1.1 |
|
| 145 |
1.1 |
|
| 157 |
1.1 |


Intriduction
Template for admin panel in materialize framework .
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