Gujarat High Court Case Information System Print WPPIL/70/2011 27/ 27 JUDGMENT IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD WRIT PETITION (PIL) No. 70 of 2011 For Approval and Signature: HONOURABLE THE ACTING CHIEF JUSTICE MR.BHASKAR BHATTACHARYA HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA ========================================================= 1 Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see the judgment ? 2 To be referred to the Reporter or not ? 3 Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of the judgment ? 4 Whether this case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the constitution of India, 1950 or any order made thereunder ? 5 Whether it is to be circulated to the civil judge ? ========================================================= YAKUBBHAI SHARIFBHAI AAGLODIYA & 4 - PETITIONER Versus COLLECTOR & DISTRICT MAGISTRATE & 8 - RESPONDENT ========================================================= Appearance : MR JV JAPEE for PETITIONER : 1 - 5. GOVERNMENT PLEADER for RESPONDENT : 1, 4, 9, MR HS MUNSHAW for RESPONDENT : 2, MR SUNIL L MEHTA for RESPONDENT : 3, MR MANISH J PATEL for RESPONDENT : 5, TANNA ASSOCIATES for RESPONDENT : 6 - 8. ========================================================= CORAM : HONOURABLE THE ACTING CHIEF JUSTICE MR.BHASKAR BHATTACHARYA and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA Date : 12/03/2012 CAV JUDGMENT
(Per : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE J.B.PARDIWALA) This Writ Petition in the nature of a Public Interest Litigation has been preferred by the petitioners, who are residents of Block No.613 of Village Prempur, Taluka Himatnagar, District Sabarkantha redressing serious grievance as regard environmental pollution caused by stone crushing (quarry) unit run by respondents No.6, 7 and 8 have prayed for the following relief:
"(A) To issue a writ of mandamus or any other appropriate writ, order or direction and be pleased to quash and set aside the impugned order passed by respondent No.3 and 4 (at Annexure M and P to the petition) allowing to restart the mining activities, which are passed contrary to the observations made by this Hon'ble Court in Special Civil Application No.7293 of 2010 read with Misc. Civil Application No.2524 of 2010, decision of Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of Mohammed Harron Ansari and Another vs. District Collector, Ranga Reddy District reported in AIR 2004 SC 823 providing one kilometer as a safe distance between crushing unit and residential locality and also contrary to the statement made by Learned Counsel for respondent Nos. to 8 and also without making any endeavour or attempt to ensure safety of human inhabitation of the adjoining area and without considering the impact of mining operations upon agricultural fields or health and hygiene of the locality and underground water and also in violation of the fundamental rights of the petitioners under Article 14, 19(1)(g) and Article 21 of the Constitution of India.
(B) To issue the writ of mandamus or any other writ, order or direction and be pleased to direct the Collector, Sabarkantha to take appropriate steps to cancel the mining lease in question of the respondent Nos.6, 7 and 8 as the agriculturists and residents of the surrounding area are facing multiple environment related problems and are exposed to serious risk and hazard to their safety on account of blasting operations and there is substantial reduction of the underground water.
(C) To direct the respondent authorities not to allow respondent Nos. 6 to 8 to carry out mining activities in Block No.651, Village Prempur, Taluka- Himatnagar, District Sabarkantha, pending the admission, hearing and final disposal of this petition.
(D) To direct the respondent authorities not to allow the respondent Nos. 6 to 8 to carrry out mining activities in Block No.651 of Village Prempur, Taluka- Himatnagar, Dist. Sabarkantha pending admission, hearing and final disposal of this petition."
I.
ORIGIN AND GENESIS OF THE PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION :
Facts relevant for the purpose of deciding this Public Interest Litigation can be summarized as under:
1 Petitioners are agriculturists and are residing at Village Prempur situated in Taluka-Himatnagar of District- Sabarkantha and Village Pipodar, situated in Taluka-Himatnagar of District-Sabarkantha. It appears from the record that the petitioners had preferred Special Civil Application No.7293 of 2010 alleging environmental pollution being caused by respondent Nos.6 to 8. It was alleged that the respondent Nos.6 to 8 were using crushing machine (stone crushing unit) causing multiple environmental problems relating to health, hygiene and safety of the agriculturists of the surrounding area. Quarry lease was granted by respondent State Authority in Block No.651 of Village Prempur, adjoining to it are the agricultural lands. They highlighted before this Court that pollution is being caused by respondent No.6 to 8.
2.2 It appears that the Division Bench of this Court vide order dated 31.08.2010, disposed of the writ petition taking note of the fact that respondent Nos.6 to 8 have closed the unit. However, with same suitable observation the Division Bench disposed of the petition being Special Civil Application No.7293 of 2010. We would like to quote the order passed by this Court at the relevant point of time with regard to the same subject matter:
"The petitioners preferred the writ petition alleging environment pollution as being caused by respondents nos. 6 to 8. It was alleged that the respondents nos. 6 to 8 were using crushing machine causing multiple problems relating to health, hygiene and safety of the agriculturists of the surrounding area. The quarry lease has been granted by respondent State authorities in Block No.651 of Prempura. Adjoining to it are the agricultural lands. They have highlighted the pollution being caused by the respondents nos. 6 to 8. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the State referred to Collector's report and submitted that a minimum distance of 200 mts. is prescribed under the Gujarat Minor Mineral Rules, 1963.
Per contra, learned counsel for the petitioners submits that in a similar case, Pollution Control Board has specified 1 km. to be safe distance between crusher and human habitation. Reliance has been placed on Supreme Court decision in Mohammed Haroon Ansari and another Vs. District Collector, Ranga Reddy District (AIR 2004 SC 823). That was a case where mining quarrying operations were seen to be causing pollution, the expert committee appointed by High Court opined that 1 km. is safe distance between site under quarry lease and residential locality or Ground Level Service Reservoir. Pollution Control Board also specified 1 km. to be safe distance between crusher and human habitation. The Supreme Court accepted the said position. In view of such decision of Supreme Court, learned counsel for the petitioner would contend that the respondent-State should modify the 1963 Minor Mineral Rules in view of the report of the Pollution Control Board and decision of the Supreme Court in Mohammed Haroon Ansari (supra).
2. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Gujarat State Pollution Control Board submits that the Board having found that the respondents nos. 6 to 8 were causing pollution in the area cancelled the Consolidated Consent and Authorization (C.C.A.) by order dated 21.07.2010. In view of the cancellation of such consent the respondents nos. 6 to 8 cannot operate the crushing unit.
3. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of respondents nos. 6 to 8 while accepting that they have closed the unit, submits that they be allowed to apply for fresh lease in an area where the public in general will not be affected. In this connection, we are not expressing any opinion, but may only observe that the crushing unit can be allowed to operate without causing pollution and affecting the agricultural fields or human habitation or the health and hygiene of the locality including the water reservoirs, etc. No further order is required to be passed in this case. The writ petition stands disposed of."
2.3 Record also reveals that Respondent Nos.6 to 8 thereafter preferred Misc. Civil Application No.2524 of 2010 in Special Civil Application No.7293 of 2010 for review and recall of order dated 31.08.2011 passed by this Court. This Review Application was also disposed of by the Division Bench vide order dated 24.11.2010. We would like to reproduce Para 7 of the said order:
"7.We have heard counsel for the parties and noticed the statement. We do not want to make any observation with regard to the stand taken by counsel for the respondents nos. 6 to 8 (applicants herein), but may only observe that this Court generally records the statement of counsel in verbatim, if orally made. This Court by its order dated 31.08.2010 having not expressed any further opinion and having passed any further order in the Special Civil Application No.7293 of 2010, taking into consideration the fact that the unit of original respondents nos. 6 to 8 (applicants herein) has been closed, the question of recalling or modification of order dated 31.08.2010 does not arise. Respondents nos. 6 to 8 (applicants herein) will apply for fresh lease in an area where public in general will not be affected. The statement made by counsel for the respondents nos. 6 to 8 (applicants herein) will not preclude them to make any application in accordance with law, including application for grant of fresh C.C.A. In such a case, the Gujarat Pollution Control Board before passing any order will take into consideration the safety of the human inhabitation of the adjoining area. The petition for review stands disposed of with aforesaid observations. No costs."
2.4 It is the case of the petitioners that in spite of clear observation made by the Division Bench earlier in the point of time that crushing unit may be allowed to operate without causing pollution and affecting the agricultural fields or human habitation or the health and hygiene of the locality including the water reservoirs, etc. the authorities concerned namely respondent No.1- Collector, Sabarkantha and respondent No.3- Gujarat Pollution Board has once again granted permission to start the crushing unit which is only at a distance of 645 meters from the residential locality and the agricultural fields. It is also the case of the petitioners that Respondent Nos. 6 to 8 have started blasting operations which has caused substantial damage to the residential houses including religious places like mosque. It is the case on behalf of the petitioner that the permission has been granted by the concerned respondents in total violation of the direction which has been issued by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in this regard wherein Hon'ble Supreme Court has stated that a distance of 1 kilometer can be said to be safe distance between crushing unit and the residential locality.
2.5 It is in this background of the aforestated facts that the petitioners are once again before this Court by way of this petition in the nature of a Public Interest Litigation.
II. CONTENTIONS OF THE PETITIONERS :
3. Learned Counsel Mr. J.V. Japee, vehemently argued that the authorities concerned in flagrant disregard of the earlier orders passed by this Court have granted permission to start the quarry in favour of Respondent No.6 willfully ignoring and overlooking the objections and representations filed by petitioners and other residents of surrounding area regarding environment related problems.
4. Learned counsel also submitted that the petitioners had also highlighted potential risk and hazards to the safety of life and property of the people residing in the surrounding area. He has submitted that the authorities concerned duly complied or/and ignored the objections and representations of the petitioners. Mr.Japee brought to our notice the photographs of the mosque and other residential houses which indicates and suggest that cracks have developed due to vibration caused by the crushing unit which is only at a distance of 645 meters. Mr.Japee also vehemently submitted that it was specifically pointed out to the authorities that on account of small particles of stones being spread due to operation of the quarry the standing crops also would get damaged. He submitted that authorities also ignored the fact that there would be shortage of water on account of necessity of water in the quarry. The agricultural labourers residing in the agriculture fields would also be affected by the pollution created by the operation of the quarry unit. He submitted that authorities very conveniently obtained NOC from some of the relatives, friends and neighbours of respondent Nos.7 and 8 but deliberately ignored the objection of the persons who are most affected.
5. Mr.
Japee invited our attention to the judgment of the Apex Court in the Case of Mohammed Haroon Ansari and another Vs. District Collector, Ranga Reddy District, A.P. reported in AIR 2004 SC 823. Relying on this judgment of the Apex Court Mr.Japee submitted that Supreme Court took serious note of the pollution being caused by operations of stone crushing/mining quarry. He submitted further by inviting our attention to para No.8 of the judgment where the Supreme Court has observed that the distance of 1 k.m. is a safe distance between the site of the quarry lease and the residential locality.
6. Mr.Japee therefore, submitted that this is a fit case where in this Court should interfere and exercise power under Article 226 of the Constitution in public interest and grant reliefs as prayed for in the petition.
III. CONTENTIONS OF RESPONDENT NO.4, GEOLOGIST DIST.SABARKANTHA :
7. Learned Assistant Government Pleader appearing on behalf of respondent No.4 submitted that there is no dispute to the fact that the distance between the site and the residential locality is of 645 meters. According to the learned AGP, this distance is a safe distance and the pollution problem which is being apprehended by the petitioners is not well founded, if respondent Nos.6 to 8 are permitted to operate the quarry. Learned AGP further submitted that necessary permissions from the revenue authority have also been obtained by the respondent. Learned AGP relied on Gujarat Minor Minerals Rules, 1966 more particularly Rule 22(7) which provides that no blasting or mining operations should be allowed within 200 meters from Railway lines, Dam, Roads, Hospitals, Buildings and residential area. According to the learned AGP permission has been granted in accordance with Rule 22(7)of Gujarat Minor Minerals Rules, 1966. Learned AGP further submitted that as and when it has been found that the lease holder has violated the terms of the lease action has been taken and penalty of Rs.10.50 lac has been recovered from Respondent No.6. Learned AGP also submitted relying on the affidavit-in-reply filed by respondent no.4, Geologist that on inspection it has been found that adequate measures are being taken by respondent no.6 to meet with the conditions of the lease. Learned AGP, therefore, submitted that there is no substance in this Public Interest Litigation and the same deserves to be rejected.
IV. CONTENTIONS OF RESPONDENT NO.3, GUJARAT POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD :
8. Learned Counsel Mr. Sunil L. Mehta appearing for Gujarat Pollution Control Board submitted that the Officers of the Board visited the unit on 02.06.2011 and it was found that there was no blasting activity and the rubble stones from mines were in wet condition, thus preventing dust from being spread in the air. It was also found by the officers that water sprinkling was being regularly done and the unit had installed wind breaking wall from RCC plates. He submitted that unit has implemented all the suggestions as made by Gujarat Cleaner Production Centre. Taking all these into consideration SPCB, thought fit to issue an order revoking the earlier direction of closure under Section 31-A of the Air Act and pass a fresh order of consent.
V. CONTENTIONS OF RESPONDENT NO.6, PARTNER OF SAI QUARRY :
9. Learned Senior Counsel Mr.Bhaskar Tanna submitted that respondent no.6 has in all earnestness carried out all necessary modifications and compliance of Gujarat Pollution Control Board given from time to time and accordingly Gujarat Pollution Control Board has issued a consent order in favour of respondent No.6 for a period of five years. Learned Counsel submitted that affidavit filed by the Geologist would show that Survey No.613 is at a safe distance of 645 meters from the said quarry. Mr. Tanna further submitted that there are no residential houses in that area as well as in the nearby vicinity. He vehemently submitted that when all the authorities after due consideration have thought fit to grant consent then in that case this Court in exercise of power under Article 226 of the Constitution may not grant any relief to the petitioners in the name of public interest. He submitted that his client has invested huge sum to setup the unit and at this stage if any orders adverse to respondent no.6 are passed then it may cause irreparable injury and will also cause grave prejudice. He submitted that it is the fundamental right of respondent No.6 to trade and carry on business.
VI. ANALYSIS :
What can be gathered from the materials on record is that in the first round of litigation, the petitioners pointed out to the Court that the respondent Nos.6 to 8 were using crushing machine causing multiple problems relating to health hygiene and safety of the agriculturists of the surrounding area. We have noticed that at that point of time, the stand on behalf of the State Government relying on the Collector's report was that the minimum distance of 200 metres is prescribed under the Gujarat Minor Minerals Rules, 1966 and, therefore, the unit of the respondent Nos.6 to 8 was far beyond the prescribed distance from the residential premises of the petitioners. We have also noticed that at that stage the petitioners pointed out to the Court that as per the decision of the Supreme Court in Mohammed Haroon (supra), the minimum distance between the crusher and human habitation must be 1 km. It was also pointed out to the Court that in view of decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Mohammed Haroon (Supra), the State should modify Minor Mineral Rules, 1966, so far as the distance part is concerned. We may only say at this stage that the Rules, 1966 are now replaced by the Rules, 2010. Even while enacting the Rules, 2010, it appears that the State Government has overlooked the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Mohammed Haroon (supra) so far as distance part is concerned. Be that as it may, we shall deal with this issue at a later stage in our judgment. We have also noticed that the Gujarat Pollution Control Board submitted before the Court that the respondent Nos.6 to 8 were causing pollution in the area and, therefore, cancelled the consolidated consent and authorization (C.C.A.) by order dated July 21, 2010 and in this view of the matter, the respondent Nos.6 to 8 cannot operate the crushing units. Record also reveals that in the first round of litigation, the respondent Nos.6 to 8 accepted the fact before the Court that they have closed the unit as per the order of the Gujarat Pollution Control Board dated July 21, 2010. However, they pleaded that they may be allowed to apply for fresh lease in an area where the public in general will not be affected. We have noticed that the Division Bench in its order dated August 31, 2010, which we have referred to in the foregoing paragraph 22, observed without expressing any opinion that the crushing unit can be allowed to operate without causing pollution and affecting the agricultural fields or human habitation or the health and hygiene of the locality, including the water reservoirs.
It appears that once again the respondent Nos.6 to 8 applied before the Gujarat Pollution Control Board for fresh lease and the Gujarat Pollution Control Board has granted consent to run the unit, subject to certain terms and conditions, which according to respondent Nos.6 to 8 are being scrupulously complied with. However, what is important once again is the distance at which the unit is being operated from the residential locality. It is an undisputed fact that the distance between the unit and the residential locality of the petitioners is about 645 metres i.e. for sure, less than 1 km.. We are not able to understand as to why the Gujarat Pollution Control Board has ignored this aspect while granting consent, more particularly, when there is a decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Mohammed Haroon (supra) that a safe distance between a crushing unit and residential locality should be 1 km.. The judgment of the Supreme Court would be the law of the land within Article 141 of the Constitution of India and the Gujarat Pollution Control Board could not have overlooked the judgment and granted necessary consent or permission to start the unit. Most disturbing feature of this litigation is complete misreading of Rule 22(vii) of the Gujarat Minor Minerals Rules, 1966. It appears that taking shelter of this particular Rule, the Gujarat Pollution Control Board as well as respondent Nos.6 to 8 are of the view that since the distance between the unit and the residential locality is of more than 50 metres, as prescribed under the Rules, the Gujarat Pollution Control Board was well within its powers to accord permission in favour of the respondent Nos.6 to 8. For better understanding of this issue, we may quote Rule 22(vii) of the Gujarat Minor Minerals Rules, 1966, which reads as under :
"Rule 22(vii) : The lease shall not carry on or allow to be carried on any quarrying operations at any point within a distance of 50 metres, if no blasting is involved 200 metres if blasting is involved from the boundary of any railway line, except with the written permission of the railway administration concerned or from the boundary of any reservoir, canal, road or public works or buildings except with the previous permission of Government. The permission of railway administration or Government may, in granting such permission impose such conditions as it may deem fit."
Plain reading of this Rule 22(vii) suggests that the quarrying operations can be permitted at any point within a distance of 50 metres, if no blasting is involved and if blasting is involved, then within a distance of 200 metres from the boundary of any Railway Line, except with the written permission of the Railway Administration concerned or from the boundary of any reservoir, canal, road or public works or buildings, except with the previous permission of the Government.
In our opinion, the position of law as understood by the respondents is completely misconceived and absurd. If the argument of the respondents is accepted, it would lead to a situation where the industrial stone crushing unit would come and say that they do not discharge, suspend particulate beyond the levels of parametres prescribed under the Act and, therefore, they should be allowed to operate the stone crushing unit in the heart of the city. In the first instance, Rule 22(vii) of the Rules, 1966 has no application because Rule 22(vii) is absolutely silent insofar as the distance to be maintained from a residential locality is concerned. The word "building" used in Rule 22(vii) would not suggest that it would include the residential locality and other structures like schools, temples, national highways, etc.. This problem has cropped up as according to us, there is no unified policy of Gujarat Pollution Control Board or any guidelines framed by the Gujarat Pollution Control Board in this regard. What we have noticed is as and when the permission is prayed for to start a quarry unit, the Gujarat Pollution Control Board seems to be taking into consideration the guidelines as regards the parametres to be maintained as fixed under Schedule-I of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. We shall quote Rule 37 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, which reads as under :
"Rule 37 : Stone crushing unit : Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) :
The standards consist of two parts :
Implementation of the following pollution control measures :
(a) Dust containment cum suppression system from the equipment.
(b) Construction of wind breaking walls.
(c) Construction of the metalled roads within the premises.
(d) Regular cleaning and wetting of the ground within the premises.
(e) Growing of a green belt along the periphery.
Quantitative standard for the SPM :
The Suspended Particulate Matter contribution value at a distance of 40 metres from a controlled isolated as well as from a unit located in a cluster should be less than 600 mg/Nm3. The measurements are to be conducted at least twice a month for all the 12 months in a year."
It can be seen that so far as the above referred Rule 37 is concerned, it is also silent so far as the distance part is concerned. However, this would not preclude or prevent the Gujarat Pollution Control Board to make a unified policy and frame guidelines in this regard under Section 17 of the Air Act. In the case of Mohammed Haroon (supra), the Supreme Court was dealing with Environment (Protection) Act (29 of 1986) and the same issue of minor quarries/ operation of stone crushers was under consideration in context with pollution. The relevant observations of the Supreme Court are quoted hereinbelow :
"8. ..
.. .. The affidavit of Pollution Control Board indicates that if proper safeguards are adopted as indicated in the said affidavit, it will not cause any air, water or noise pollution, much less dust articles affect the water supply system in GLSR or Osmansagar lake. We, therefore, direct that the order made by the High Court is modified by directing that the distance of 1 km. is a safe distance between the site of the quarry leases and the residential localities or GLSR or Osmansagar lake. The guidelines issued by the Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board specified 1 km. to be safe distance between crusher and human habitation from 17.1.1997. Prior to that it was only 500 metres away national Highway and 100 metres away from the State Highway, Major District roads and other roads. That is why this Court granted an interim order earlier and directed that no mining and stone crushing operations shall be carried on within a distance of 1 km. from lake or reservoir and 500 metres from human habitations."
Section 17 of the Air authorises the Board under Clause (a) to plan a comprehensive programme for the intervention, control or abatement of air pollution and to secure the execution thereof; Clause (e) to inspect, at all responsible times, any control equipment, industrial plant or manufacturing process and to give, by order, such directions to such persons as it may consider necessary to take steps for the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution. Clause (f) further entitles to inspect air pollution control areas at such intervals as it may think necessary, assess the quality of air therein and take steps for the prevention, control or abatement of air pollution in such areas. Under Clause (g) the Board is authorised to lay down, in consultation with the Central Board and having regard to the standards for the quality of air laid down by the Central Board, standards for emission of air pollutions into atmosphere from industrial plants and automobiles or for the discharge of any air pollution into the atmosphere from any other source whatsoever not being a ship or any aircraft. Under Clause (j) the Board may do such other things and perform such other acts as it may think necessary for the proper discharge of its functions and generally for the purpose of carrying into effect the purposes of this Act.
(Emphasis supplied) We are of the view that the Gujarat Pollution Control Board is obliged in public interest to plan a comprehensive programme for prevention, control or abatement of air pollution and to secure execution thereof, it is authorised to take steps for prevention, control or abatement of area pollution. It is also authorised to take steps for prevention, control or abatement of air pollution in air pollution arise and is also entitled to do all such other things and to perform all such other acts as it may think necessary for proper discharge of its functions and generally for the purpose of carrying into effect the purposes of the Air and Water Act. In fact, it is the duty of the Gujarat Pollution Control Board to prevent and control and in doing so, for achieving the purpose of the Act, for the purpose of carrying into effect the purpose of the Act, it must frame the guidelines. The guidelines must be in the form of general information to all the industrial units which are proposed to be established or operating in accordance with guidelines. We also deem fit to quote Section 31(A) of the Air Act, which reads as under :
"31 : Power to give directions : Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, but subject to the provisions of this Act and to any directions that the Central Government may give in this behalf, a Board may, in the exercise of its powers and performance of its functions under this Act, issue any directions in writing to any person, officer or authority, and such person, officer or authority shall be bound to comply with such directions.
Explanation : For the avoidance of doubts, it is hereby declared that the power to issue directions under this section includes the power to direct-
(a) the closure, prohibition or regulation of any industry, operation or process; or
(b) the stoppage or regulation of supply of electricity, water or any other service."
From the language of Section 31(A) of the Act, it would be clear that the Board has authority to issue any direction in writing to any person and such person shall be bound to comply with such direction. The fact that the Board has not issued any guidelines then too the Board to achieve the object under the Air Act can issue a direction relating to closure, prohibition or regulation of any industry, operation or process. The Board can also issue a direction to an existing unit that it should shift its location. We are of the view that keeping in mind the seriousness of the issue in question, the Board must immediately frame appropriate guidelines insofar as granting permission to start quarry operation units (stone crushing units) like in the present case. In framing such guidelines, the Board may keep in mind the following factors :
Standards of quality of air and water laid down under the concerned Acts;
Existing concentration of various pollutions, including noise in the area;
The likely emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from the proposed industry, process or operation;
The topography and climatic features of the area;
Conservation of biodiversity of the area;
Environmentally compatible land-use in the area;
Net adverse environmental impact likely to be caused by an industry, process or operation in the area;
Proximity to a protected area under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958;
Proximity to human settlement, state or national highway, railway, railway line (non-captive), besides proximity to river.
Likely process-hazards, including hazard likely to occur during handling, storage and transportation of the chemicals; and Provisions of the Wild-life (Protection) Act, 1972 and the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
It is not disputed that in the State of Gujarat, about 1258 industries are involved in the business of crushing of the stones and allied matters. It is also not disputed that mushrooming of such industries is on the rise which is not effectively controlled by the State Executive. Such industries are scattered all over and not located within specified places. The pollution caused on account of the crushing of the stones can also not be disputed. Emission of dust emitted from the conduct of the business are surely to affect the lungs and other major organs of the people involved in the business and living in surrounding areas. At this stage, keeping in mind the nature of controversy, we deem fit to quote a paragraph of a Division Bench decision of Karnataka High Court in the case of Obayya Pujary and others v. Member Secretary, Karnataka Pollution Control Board, Bangalore reported in AIR 1999 Karnataka 157. Their Lordships of Karnataka High Court have observed as under:
"The air we breathe, is a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen with minor constituents like carbon dioxide and trap gases. Pollutants are substances which are not normally present in the air. Pollutants in the form of dust, smoke, industrial and automobile exhaust, gaseous and particulate matters, though not normally expected to be present, yet are found in the air. Nature and amount of such pollutants varies from place to place depending upon population, vehicular density and location of industrial units etc. Lungs are the major organs affected by the air pollution. The spectrum of functional and pathological reactions of the lungs to various exposures is wide. Chronic bronchitis and airways obstruction is the result of long term exposure to air pollution. Organic matters including dust can cause the allergic reactions producing allergic alveolitis. Inorganic dust may get deposited in the lungs and produce fibrosis. Exposure to dust may lower the lung defences and clearing mechanism, resulting in infections particularly tuberculosis. Such occupational exposures may also lead to causing lung cancer as well. Such hazardous effects on health are likely to be caused on account of the air pollution which is caused due to stone crushing. By stone crushing a lot of thick dust is generated polluting the environment, visible dust contains particles more than 50 u in diameter which settle down in the nose and pharynx. Similar particles of 5-10 u size remain suspended in air and are inhaled deeper. Such particles are deposited in the tracheo-bronchial tree and lung parenchyma which is likely to induce fibrosis."
Besides human beings, the animals and the vegetation including crops are likely to be affected unless protected. It is, therefore, the duty of the respondent State to take measures and effective steps for regulating the conduct of the business as has been done in many other States. The statement showing the details of the said industries is as under :
Place Small Medium Large Total Ahmedabad City 0 0 0 0 Anand 2 0 0 2 Ankleshwar 38 0 0 38 Bharuch 0 0 0 0 Bhavnagar 63 1 1 64 Bhuj 80 1 2 83 Gandhinagar + Ahmedabad Rural 2 0 0 2 Godhra 70 0 2 72 Himatnagar 165 2 0 167 Jamnagar 34 0 0 34 Jetpur 13 0 0 13 Junagadh 81 2 0 83 Mehsana 12 0 0 12 Nadiad 68 0 0 68 Navsari 104 1 0 105 Palanpur 41 0 0 41 Porbandar 3 0 0 3 Rajkot 82 0 0 82 Surat 45 1 1 46 Surendranagar 113 0 0 113 Vadodara 183 1 1 185 Vapi 45 0 0 45 Total :
1244 9 6 1258The right to 'life' is the most fundamental right as enshrined in Art. 21 of the Constitution of India. Such right includes all attributes of the life. In Kharak Singh v. State of U.P., AIR 1963 SC 1295, the Supreme Court acknowledged that the term 'life' meant something more than mere animal existence. The inhabition against its deprivation extended to all those limbs and faculties by which the life is enjoyed. It equally prohibited the mutilation of the body by the amputation of an arm or leg, of putting out of an eye, or the destruction of any other organ by the body through which the soul communicates with the outer world. It postulates to be free from restrictions on the enjoyment of a decent, respectable and healthy life. Right of life under Art. 21 is a right of a person to be free from restrictions or encroachment. Whether imposed directly or indirectly brought about by calculated measures. In Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India, AIR 1984 SC 802, it was held that it is a fundamental right of everybody to live with dignity. Such right would include all those rights which ensure a person's life meaningful, complete and worth living. Right to life would also include right to live in peace, to sleep in peace, enjoy health free from pollution. In Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar, AIR 1991 SC 420, the Apex Court held that enjoyment of pollution free atmosphere was included in the right to life under Art. 21. The Court observed (para 7 of AIR) :-
"Right to live is a fundamental right under Art. 21 of the Constitution and it includes the right of enjoyment of pollution free water and air for full enjoyment of life. If anything endangers or impairs that quality of life in derogation of laws, a citizen has right to have recourse to Art. 32 of the Constitution for removing the pollution of water or air which may be detrimental to the quality of life."
However, such a right is not an absolute right and is obviously subject to reasonable restrictions. It is also controlled and regulated by needs of the society. It has to be kept in mind that rapid growth of the economy and the industrialisation is also the need of the mankind and attribute of and requirement of the decent, respectful and dignified life. While protecting the environment the industrial development cannot be completely ignored. In M. C. Mehta's case, (1992 (3) SCC 256) (supra), it was observed :-
"We are conscious that environmental changes are the inevitable consequence of industrial development in our country, but at the same time the quality of environment cannot be permitted to be damaged by polluting the air, water and land to such an extent that it becomes a health hazard for the residents of the area."
The Supreme Court in Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1987 SC 359, had observed :
"Consciousness for environmental protection is of recent origin. The United Nations Conference on World Environment held in Stockholm in June 1972 and the follow-up action thereafter is spreading the awareness. Over thousands of years men had been successfully exploiting the ecological system for his sustenance but with the growth of population the demand for land has increased and forest growth has been and is being cut down and man has started encroaching upon Nature and its assets. Scientific developments have made it possible and convenient for man to approach the places which were hitherto beyond his ken. The consequences of such interference with ecology and environment have now come to be realised. It is necessary that the Himalayas and the forest growth on the mountain range should be left uninterfered with so that there may be sufficient quantity of rain. The top soil may be preserved without being eroded and the natural setting of the area may remain intact. We had commended earlier to the State of Uttar Pradesh as also to the Union of India that afforestation activity may be carried out in the whole valley and the hills. We have been told that such activity has been undertaken. We are not oblivious of the fact that natural resources have got to be tapped for the purposes of social development but one cannot forget at the same time that tapping of resources have to be done with requisite attention and care so that ecology and environment may not be affected in any serious way, there may not be any depletion of water resources and long term planning must be undertaken to keep up the national wealth. It has always to be remembered that these are permanent assets of mankind and are not intended to be exhausted in one generation."
Again in Sri Sachidanand Pandey v. State of West Bengal, AIR 1987 SC 1109, the Supreme Court had held :
"Today society's interaction with nature is so extensive that the environmental question has assumed proportions affecting all humanity. Industrialisation, urbanisation, explosion of population, over-exploitation of resources, depletion of traditional sources of energy and raw materials and the search for new sources of energy and raw materials, the disruption of natural ecological balances, the destruction of a multitude of animal and plant species for economic reasons and sometimes for no good reason at all are factors which have contributed to environmental deterioration. While the scientific and technological progress of man has invested him with immense power over nature, it has also resulted in the unthinking use of the power, encroaching endlessly on nature. If man is able to transform deserts into oases, he is also leaving behind deserts in the place of oases. In the last century, a great German materialist philosopher warned mankind : 'Let us not, however, flatter ourselves over much on account of our human victories over nature. For each of such victory nature takes its revenge on us. Each victory, it is true, in the first place brings about the results we expected, but in the second and third places it has quite different unforeseen effects which only too often cancel the first.' Ecologists are of the opinion that the most important ecological and social problem is the widespread disappearance all over the world of certain species of living organisms. Biologists forecast the extinction of animal and plant species on a scale that is incomparably greater than their extinction over the course of millions of years. It is said that over half of the species which became extinct over the last 2,000 years did so after 1900. The International Association for the Protection of Nature and Natural Resources calculates that now, on average, one species or sub-species is lost every year. It is said that approximately 1,000 bird and animal species are facing extinction at present. So it is that the environmental question has become urgent and it has to be properly understood and squarely met by man. Nature and history, it has been said, are two component parts of the environment in which we live, move and prove ourselves.
In India, as elsewhere in the world, uncontrolled growth and the consequent environmental deterioration are fast assuming menacing proportions and all Indian cities are afflicted with this problem. The once Imperial City of Calcutta is no exception. The question raised in the present case is whether the Government of West Bengal has shown such lack of awareness of the problem of environment in making an allotment of land for the construction of a Five Star Hotel at the expense of the zoological garden that it warrants interference by this Court. Obviously, if the Government is alive to the various considerations requiring thought and deliberation and has arrived at a conscious decision after taking them into account, it may not be for this Court to interfere in the absence of mala fides. On the other hand, if relevant considerations are not borne in mind and irrelevant considerations influence the decision, the Court may interfere in order to prevent a likelihood of prejudice to the public. Whether a problem of ecology is brought before the Court, the Court is bound to bear in mind Art. 48-A of the Constitution. Directive principle which enjoins that 'The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country' and Art. 51 A (g) which proclaims it to be the fundamental duty of every citizen of India 'to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and to have compassion for living creatures.' When the Court is called upon to give effect to the directive principle and the fundamental duty, the Court is not to shrug its shoulders and say that priorities are a matter of policy and so it is a matter for the policy making authority. The least that the Court may do is to examine whether appropriate considerations are borne in mind and irrelevancies excluded. In appropriate cases, the Court may go further, but how much further must depend on the circumstances of the case. The Court may always give necessary directions."
The Supreme Court in M. C. Mehta v. Union of India, AIR 1987 SC 1086 has ruled that enterprise which has engaged in a hazardous or inherently dangerous industry which poses a potential threat to the health and safety of persons working in the industrial unit and residing in the surrounding areas owes an absolute obligation to the community to ensure that no harm results to any one on account of such hazardous or inherently dangerous nature of the activity. A person engaged in such industrial activity is under an obligation to conduct his commercial activities with the highest standards of safety. If the enterprise is permitted to carry on any hazardous or inherently dangerous activity for profit, the law must presume that such permission is conditional on the enterprise absorbing the cost of any accident arising on account of such activity as an appropriate item of its overheads. In case of loss on account of such activity the enterprise is even liable to indemnify and compensate the sufferer. No person, therefore, can claim to have a right of carrying on any commercial activity which admittedly affects the health of others. The State, under these circumstances is under a constitutional obligation to provide safeguards for protecting the life and health of the citizens. There is no absolute right vesting in any citizen to carry on commercial activities of trade or occupation without limitation. The experts on the subject are of the opinion that the theory which governs our environmental laws, is what may be called a 'Policing Society Theory' envisaging the Legislature and the administration would perform their task acting as vigilant policemen entrusted to detect crimes by bringing the culprits to the Court. Failure on the part of the Executive or the Legislature to perform their constitutional obligation would cast a duty upon the judiciary to react and come to the rescue of the people by providing remedial measures, issuance of appropriate direction protecting the environment for the safety of life, the health and property of the citizens.
Right to freedom as enshrined in Art. 19 of the Constitution though fundamental, is not an absolute right and is always subject to reasonable restrictions which may be imposed in the larger interests of the society. Freedom of profession, trade and business as contemplated by Clause (1)(g) of Art. 19 of the Constitution is always subject to the limits as may be imposed by the State in the interests of public welfare. The Supreme Court in various judgments held that there were certain activities which were inherently pernicious that nobody could be considered to have a fundamental right to carry them on as trade or business. The Supreme Court in Cooverjee v. Excise Commissioner, 1954 SCR 873 : (AIR 1954 SC
220) has held that though a citizen has a right to carry on any business of his choice, there is no right to carry on any business inherently dangerous to the society. No citizen has a fundamental right to carry on business wherever he chooses and such a right can be subjected to reasonable restriction in the interests of general public. The Supreme Court in State of Maharashtra v. H. N. Rao, AIR 1970 SC 1157, held that the reasonable restriction imposed has to be adjudged in the light of the nature of the right, danger or injury which may be inherent in the unbridled exercise of the right and the necessity of protection against danger which may result to the public by the exercise of the right. It further held :
"In adjudging the reasonableness of restrictions imposed upon the holding or disposal of a carcass which is noxious, maintenance of public health is the paramount consideration. Restriction imposed upon the right of an owner of a carcass to dispose it of in the manner indicated in the Act, being enacted solely in the interest of the general public, cannot be deemed arbitrary or excessive merely because they involve the owner into a small financial burden. Under the Constitution a proper balance is intended to be maintained between the exercise of the right conferred by Art. 19(1)(f) and (g) and the interests of a citizen in the exercise of his right to acquire, hold or dispose of his property to carry on occupation, trade or business. In striking that balance the danger which may be inherent in permitting unfettered exercise of right in a commodity must of necessity influence the determination of the restrictions which may be placed upon the right of the citizen to the commodity."
In the aforesaid view of the matter, we are left with no other option but to quash and set aside the order passed by the respondent Nos.3 and 4 permitting the respondent Nos.6 to 8 to restart the quarry operations and we, accordingly, quash the same. However, it shall be open for respondent Nos.6 to 8 to put up a unit at a distance of 1 km. from the residential locality and may seek appropriate permission or consent from the Board in this regard. It shall be open to the respondent Nos.6 to 8 to relocate themselves at a place, which is at a minimum distance of 1 km. from the residential locality and the Board upon inspection if is satisfied as regards the distance maintained, then in that case, the Board may grant fresh consent order in favour of the respondent Nos.6 to 8 in accordance with law.
Keeping in view the facts and circumstances of the case, the position of law, the interest of the Society and all those who are carrying on or intend to carry on business connected with the crushing of stones, we deem it proper to issue the following directions to the Gujarat Pollution Control Board in the public interest :
The Gujarat Pollution Control Board shall immediately formulate a policy regulating carrying on of business related to crushing of stones by prescribing reasonable conditions, including the guidelines and licences and their periodical renewals. While framing the guidelines, the Gujarat Pollution Control Board shall keep in mind the factors which we have indicated in paragraph17 hereinabove.
The Gujarat Pollution Control Board is hereby directed to submit its compliance report in the Registry of this Court on or before June 11, 2012.
Copies of present judgment shall be furnished by the Registry to the learned Assistant Government Pleader appearing for the respondent-State as well as the learned counsel appearing for the Gujarat Pollution Control Board for taking up appropriate action and submission of compliance report within the period and time specified.
(Bhaskar Bhattacharya, Acting C.J.) (J.B.
Pardiwala, J.) ::
FURTHER ORDER ::
After this order is passed, the learned advocate appearing on behalf of the respondent No.6 prays for stay of operation of our order.
In view of what has been stated above, we find no reason to stay our order. The prayer is, therefore, refused.
(Bhaskar Bhattacharya, Acting C.J.) (J.B.
Pardiwala, J.) Aakar Top


Money Distribution Calculator
| Sr. No. | Contributor Name | Contributtion Amount | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ₹ {{obj.contiAmt}} | < | |||
| Total Amount Spent | ₹ {{totalAmt}} |
Go Back
| Sr. No. | Contributor Name | Contribution Amount | Description | Debit/Credit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sr. No. | Contributor Name | Contributtion Amount | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ₹ {{obj.contiAmt}} | < | |||
| Total Amount Spent | ₹ {{totalAmt}} |
| Sr. No. | Contributor Name | Contribution Amount | Description | Debit/Credit |
|---|---|---|---|---|


{{ partial "meta.html" . }}
... but, here are some links to help you get to the right place.
Go back to Linkerd.io
View Linkerd features
Read docs
Find Linkerd on GitHub
Get help with Linkerd
See Linkerd updates
Connect with Linkerd


I grew up in rural central California, and one of my personal goals is to
help create more STEM opportunities for tradditionally underrepresented communities. Some groups I've
worked with this to this end include:
- DynaMIT, an MIT STEM outreach program
for middle school students in the Boston area
-
Middle East Entrepreneurs of Tomorrow, an educational program
aimed to create positive social change in the Middle East through computer science and entrepreneurship education
-
The Art of Problem Solving , an online
school aimed at introducing middle and high school students to non-traditional areas of math, regardless of
geographic location
I support and believe in Federico Ardila's axioms:
- Mathematical talent is distributed equally among different groups,
irrespective of geographic, demographic, and economic boundaries.
-
Everyone can have joyful, meaningful, and empowering mathematical experiences.
-
Mathematics is a powerful, malleable tool that
can be shaped and used differently by communities to serve their needs.
-
Every student deserves to be treated with dignity and respect.


CRMint can use dynamically generated parameters throughout a project or pipeline. This allows you to :
Variables in CRMint can be defined either globally or per-pipeline. Where a variable is defined with the same name both globally and in a pipeline, the pipeline version will take precedence.
To add varlables to a pipeline:
To add a global variable:
To use your variable simply enclose the variable name in any parameter in your pipeline with {%
and %}
For example, if you have many pipelines, all working with BigQuery, you can set a global variable for the project as follows
Name: PROJECT_ID
Value: my-project-123456
In your BQToMeasurementProtocol
worker, you can then set Project ID to:
{% PROJECT_ID %}
On execution, the value my-project-123456 from the global variable is substituted into the worker Project ID.
A more complex example might be setting the comment parameter for a Commenter
worker:
Finished execution using project {% PROJECT_ID %}
This would lead to a log message: Finished execution using project my-project-123456
Not only do the {%%}
tags enable variables to be substituted into parameters, as shown above, but they also allow evaluation, for example, setting a parameter Number of Days to:
{% 4 * 7 %}
Would use a value of 28
.
{% NUM_WEEKS * 7 %}
Would use the value of variable NUM_WEEKS
- assuming it has been defined - multiplied by 7.
The full detail of what can be achieved using expressions can be seen in the Simple Eval reference.
To make evaluation more useful when working with time-based and analytical data, the following built in functions can be used in expressions:
All examples given at 2018-10-16 12:00:00 UTC
| Built-in function | Purpose | Details |
|---|---|---|
| today(format) | Returns today’s date in the specified format | format - The desired format, in python date formatting syntax.Example: {% today("%Y-%m-%d") %} => 2018-10-16 |
| days_ago(n_days, format) | Returns the formatted date for n days ago | n_days - The number of days ago, where yesterday is 1format - The desired format, in python date formatting syntax.Example: {% days_ago(1, "%Y-%m-%d") %} => 2018-10-15 |
| hours_ago(n_hours, format) | Returns the formatted date for n hours ago | n_hours - The number of hours agoformat - The desired format, in python date formatting syntax.Example: {% hours_ago(1, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") %} => 2018-10-16 11:00:00 |
| days_since(date, format) | Returns the number of days since given date | date - A string dateformat - The format of the date, in python date formatting syntax.Example: {% days_since("2018-10-14", "%Y-%m-%d") %} => 2 |
| randint(x) | Returns a random int below x | |
| rand() | Returns a random float between 0 and 1 |


The UserVoice developer blog posted an interesting article yesterday talking about how they solve “The Rails Problem” of complex Rails apps having obese models that stymie code re-use. The naive approach is just to make classes.
UserVoice’s approach is different: they made a DSL for describing service calls. The thing is, it’s sort of a type system - and a verbose one at that.
UserVoice’s approach is called “mutations” and it’s more than just method calls. You can specify quite a bit about our service calls, all to make the underlying logic very simple. For example, they have a “user signup” service and, in the most naive, but safe, way, it would look like this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 |
|
This is a very paranoid, but rock solid implementation. If you screw up calling it, you’ll know why. In Mutations, this code would look like so:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 |
|
This is fairly interesting, as the “business logic” (the code in execute
) is clean - it’s just the bare logic. The sanity
checking and other paranoia is handled by the framework. Likely that tests of this are simpler as well - you don’t need to
test the validations. While this is great, I can’t help thinking that “every implementation
of parameter validation in Ruby contains an ad-hoc, informally-specified, bug-ridden, slow implementation of a real type system”.
To demonstrate, here’s what this class would look like in Scala:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 |
|
That’s it. No special DSL, no custom framework, nothing. Just the programming language. Why?
First, we assume that null
(Scala’s analog of nil
) is always a bug. Good Scala programs are designed this way, and it’s
not that bad to program without null, so a declaration like name:String
in Scala means “name is a required
parameter”.
Second, optional parameters use the Option
type to indicate their optionality.
Next, for validating our email, we use the type system. Instead of using a String
for storing email addresses (the
hallmark of every stringly typed application), we require an instance of Email
. We might imagine it looks like
this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
|
So, our UserSignup
code can be absolutely sure that it gets a valid email. Validating that email happens elsewhere, as
it should.
Finally, our callsite uses the same method that our class defines. Under mutations, you define a method called execute
, but
you call a method called run
. Both just take a hash, making the callsite somewhat opaque as to what’s being passed in and
requiring you to know how the framework works in order to piece together what’s being called. In Scala, you just call the
method that you defined.
There’s no magic here, no framework, nothing other than idiomatic Scala code. I like the way it encourages us to create a rich set of types as opposed to strings and hashtables everywhere. Types allow us to encode our understanding of the system, domain, and logic - that’s what they are for. Statically checking that those types are used properly is a sanity check that we’ve correctly encoded our understanding.
Also note how not-that-verbose the Scala code is, compared to the Ruby code. The Java equivalent could not make that claim.
Anyway, I think Mutations looks like a cool library, and I plan on checking it out for writing Rails apps. I did think it was worth pointing out that the problem of separating argument validation from method logic is largely a solved problem - by statically typed languages.


WITNESS LIST State Affairs Committee May 12, 2003 - 8:00A HB 15 FOR: Collett, Teresa S. (Self), The Woodlands, TX Myers, Myra J. (Self), Flower Mound, TX Sanders, Lana Margaret (Self), Houston, TX Vincent, Kathleen Listiak (Self), Dickinson, TX AGAINST: Blackmon, Paula C. (Greater Dallas Coalition for Reproductive Freedom), Dallas, TX Hansen, Fred W. (Self), Austin, TX Linton, Melaney (Planned Parenthood of Houston & SE Texas), Houston, TX Marsden, Julia (League of Women Voters of Texas), Austin, TX Martinez, Jill (Women's Issue Network), Irving, TX Payne, Lisa Y. (Greater Dallas Coalition for Reproductive Freedom), Duncanville, TX Riddering, Hannah (Texas National Organization for Women), Austin, TX Shure, Judith (Women's Issues Network, Dallas), Dallas, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Gerstenschlager, Merry Lynn (Texas Eagle Forum), Dallas, TX Kral, Joe (Texas Right to Life), Houston, TX Against: Baker, Donna M. (Reproductive Services), Austin, TX Baker, James C. (Self), Seguin, TX Baker, Maxine (Self), Seguin, TX Marrero, Elizabeth (National Association of Social Workers), Austin, TX McLaughlin, Kae (Texas Abortion & Reproductive Rights Action League (TARAL)), Austin, TX Paffe, Heather (Texas Association of Planned Parenthood Affiliates), Austin, TX Ramsey, Lesley (Texas Campaign for Women's Health), Austin, TX Romberg, Peggy (Women's Health & Family Planning Association), Austin, TX Sable, Ellen (National Council of Jewish Women of Texas), Austin, TX Sprinkle, G.K. (Self), Austin, TX Tierney, Danielle (Planned Parenthood of Texas Capitol Region), Austin, TX On: Bays, Richard (Texas Department of Health), Austin, TX Garcia, Sarah (American Cancer Society), Austin, TX HB 296 ON: Winn, Elizabeth Hanshaw (Secretary of State), Austin, TX HB 581 Registering, but not testifying: For: Copeland, Chris (Texas Veterinary Medical Association), Austin, TX On: Flowerday, Paula (Texas Racing Commission), Austin, TX HB 752 FOR: Lawson, John E. (Houston Police Officers' Pension System), Houston, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Bratton, Terry (Houston Police Officers' Pension System), Houston, TX Doss, J. Larry (Houston Police Officers' Pension System), Houston, TX Glezman, Joe (Houston Police Officers' Pension System), Houston, TX Grace, Cary (City of Houston), Houston, TX Montero, James E. (Houston Police Officers' Pension System), Houston, TX HB 845 Registering, but not testifying: On: Johnson, Edward (TX Bldg. & Procurement Comm.), Austin, TX HB 928 Registering, but not testifying: For: Hooser, Greg (Texas Association of Insurance Officials), Austin, TX HB 1171 FOR: Grimes, George (Texas Association of School Boards, Council of School Attorneys), San Antonio, TX HB 1174 Registering, but not testifying: On: Winn, Elizabeth Hanshaw (Secretary of State), Austin, TX HB 1549 FOR: Deering, Alyce E. (City of Hurst), Hurst, TX Houston, Scott (Texas Municipal League), Austin, TX ON: McGeehan, Ann (Secretary of State), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: DeBeauvoir, Dana (County & District Clerks Legisl. Cmte), Austin, TX HB 1984 Registering, but not testifying: On: Henry, Ray (Texas County & District Retirement System), Austin, TX HB 2089 Registering, but not testifying: On: McGeehan, Ann (Secretary of State), Austin, TX HB 2093 Registering, but not testifying: On: Winn, Elizabeth Hanshaw (Secretary of State), Austin, TX HB 2359 AGAINST: Jackson, Mary Elizabeth (Trinity Mother Frances Health System), Tyler, TX Registering, but not testifying: Against: Bellsnyder, Luke (TX Association of Business), Austin, TX Coleman, Carrie (Texas Association of Health Plans), Austin, TX On: Jones, Paula A. (ERS), Austin, TX Nail, William S. (Employees Retirement System), Austin, TX HCR 16 FOR: Garza, Marc Anthony (Mission Consolidated Independent School Disrict), Mission, TX Gonzalez, Audrey Judith (Mission Consolidated Independent School District), Mission, TX Guthrie, Michael Ray (Mission Consolidated Independent School District), McAllen, TX Ybarra, Catharina Clara (Mission Consolidated Independent School Dist.), Mission, TX


An entity always represents on table in the database. This will result in a generated class that provides functionality for loading and storing the entity in the database table defined Sample of Entity. Database specific information can be defined in the entity-mysql element.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <entityList> <entity name="Artist" namespace="siestaphp\tests\gen" targetPath="gen/"> <entity-mysql charset="utf8" collate="utf8_general_ci" engine="MEMORY"/> <attribute name="id" type="int" dbType="INT" primaryKey="true" required="true" autoValue="autoincrement"/> <attribute name="bool" type="bool" dbType="SMALLINT"/> <attribute name="int" type="int" dbType="INT"/> <attribute name="float" type="float" dbType="FLOAT"/> <attribute name="string" type="string" dbType="VARCHAR(100)"/> </entity> </entityList>
| Name | Required | default | allowed values | description |
| name | yes | valid php class names | Name of the class that is generated | |
| namespace | no | valid php namespace | Namespace of the class to generate | |
| table | no | name of the class | valid database table names | Name of the database table |
| targetPath | no | . | valid path (does not need to exist) | By default the path is calculated psr-0 compliant. By setting a targetPath you overwrite this behaviour |
| delimit | no | false |
true|false |
Allows to track history of the table |
| replication | no | false |
true|false |
Table will be created twice. |
An object can be instantiated with the classname respectively the construct classname. Static methods allow to find or delete entities by primary key.
// create new instance, set value and save $artist = new Artist(); $artist->setName("Kruder & Dorfmeister"); $artist->save(); // you can initialize the object from a json object $artist->fromJSON($jsonString); // you can also transform the object to json $jsonString = $artist->toJSON(); // you can also initialize an object from an array or transfer it to an array $artist->fromArray($arrayData); $arrayData = $artist->toArray(); // finding an entity by primary key $service = ArtistService::getInstance(); $artist2 = $service->getEntityByPrimaryKey(4); // deleting an entity by primary key $service->deleteEntityByPrimaryKey(4);
For every attribute defined in the XML there will be a member in the class and a column in the table. An entity can have several primary key columns. The following methods will be generated for every attribute.
/** * @return string|null */ public function getName() { ... } /** * @param string $value * * @return void */ public function setName(string $value = null) { ... }
Getters for primary key attributes have additional flags to trigger the generation of IDs.
If $generateKey
is set to true, you can force the generation of a new Id.
Furthermore a $connectionName
can be specified which configured connection should be used.
/** * @param bool $generateKey * @param string $connectionName * * @return int|null */ public function getId(bool $generateKey = false, string $connectionName = null)
Siesta allows to define the type array
. Therefore an array will be created to store
any information in. When the attribute is saved the content will be persisted as a json
string. You should use a database type that fits the desired length (TEXT e.g.)
<entity name="Album" namespace="Siesta\Tests\Entity"> <attribute name="id" type="int" dbType="INT" primaryKey="true" autoValue="autoincrement"/> <attribute name="attributeList" type="array" dbType="TEXT"/> </entity>
Besides the standard getter and setter the following additional method are generated for a 'array' attribute.
/** * @param string $key * @param $value * * @return void */ public function addToAttributeList(string $key, $value = null) { ... } /** * @param string $key * * @return mixed */ public function getFromAttributeList(string $key) { ... }
Siesta allows to a custom class as member. The object if not null, will be serialized when persisting
and deserialized when reading from the database. If you want to have the object be included when
transforming the entity toArray()
or toJSON()
your objects needs to implement
the interface Siesta\Contract\ArraySerializable
<entity name="Album" namespace="Siesta\Tests\Entity"> <attribute name="id" type="int" dbType="INT" primaryKey="true" autoValue="autoincrement"/> <attribute name="myObject" type="SiestaTest\End2End\Util\AttributeSerialize" dbType="TEXT"/> </entity>
| Name | Required | default | allowed values | description |
| name | yes | allowed php variable names | Name of the attribute that is generated | |
| type | yes | bool|int|float|string|SiestaDateTime|array|{existingClass} |
defines the php type to use for the attribute | |
| dbName | no | defined NamingStrategy will determine db name | allowed database column names | name of the column in the database |
| dbType | yes | INT, VARCHAR, BLOB etc. |
database type for the column to use | |
| transient | no | false | true|false |
allows to define attributes that are not stored in the database |
| primaryKey | no | false | true|false |
allows to define a primarykey |
| defaultValue | no | null | valid php code : 'abc', 123 or new SiestaDateTime() |
the default value to use for the attribute |
| required | no | false | true|false |
creates a not null constraint for the table |
| autoValue | required for primary key columns | uuid|autoincrement|{your custom sequencer} | defines how the primary key column is set |
You can configure indexes within the entity.xml file. Every index needs a name. The unique flag
can be true|false
and decides if the index is supposed to be unique. An index
consists of at least one indexPart which defines on which column the index is to be build.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <entityList> <entity name="ArtistEntity" namespace="siestaphp\tests\functional\index\gen" targetPath="gen/"> <attribute name="string" type="string" dbType="VARCHAR(100)"/> <attribute name="string2" type="string" dbType="VARCHAR(100)"/> <index name="uniqueIndex" unique="true" type="btree"> <indexPart attributeName="string" sortOrder="ASC" length="10"/> <indexPart attributeName="string2" sortOrder="ASC" length=""/> </index> <index name="nonUniqueIndex" unique="false" type="hash"> <indexPart attributeName="string2" sortOrder="ASC" length="20"/> </index> </entity> </entityList>
Typically you want to extend from the generated entity to add your custom coding. To make sure Siesta instantiates the right class, you can add a constructor element and define the derived class. Make sure the class extends from the generated entity
<entity name="FestivalEntity" namespace="SiestaTest\End2End\Construct\Generated" table="festival_entity" > <constructor className="SiestaTest\End2End\Construct\Entity\Festival"/> <attribute name="id" type="int" dbType="INT" primaryKey="true" required="true" autoValue="autoincrement"/> </entity>
Your custom class would look like this
namespace SiestaTest\End2End\Construct\Entity; use SiestaTest\End2End\Construct\Generated\FestivalEntity; class Festival extends FestivalEntity { public function __construct() { // make sure to invoke parent constructor parent::__construct(); } }
If you have a central factory in place that does instantiation and or dependency injection you can define a factory method to invoke to obtain a new instance. This is done with the constructCall attribute. Furthermore the constructFactoryClassName is needed to include a use statement. Instantiation of new objects will be done by invoking the defined method.
<entity name="CustomerEntity" namespace="SiestaTest\End2End\Construct\Generated" table="customer" > <constructor className="SiestaTest\End2End\Construct\Entity\Customer" constructCall="CustomerFactory::newCustomerEntity()" constructFactoryClassName="SiestaTest\End2End\Construct\Entity\CustomerFactory"/> <attribute name="id1" type="int" dbType="INT" primaryKey="true" required="true" autoValue="autoincrement"/> </entity>
Example
Construct Test,
Construct Schema,
Sometimes it is useful to archive changes that have been made to an entity. Siesta allows
to automatically generate an archive table which will store changes over time.
Use the attribute delimit="true"
to enable the feature
for a specific table.
mysql> show columns from Artist; +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | | | name | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | | | city | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
With the delimit flag set to true, Siesta will generate a second table:
mysql> show columns from Artist_delimit; +-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | _delimitId | varchar(36) | NO | PRI | | | | _validFrom | datetime | YES | | NULL | | | _validUntil | datetime | YES | | NULL | | | id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | | | name | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | | | city | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | | +-------------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
The delimiter table contains the same columns like the original table (id, name, city).
Furthermore it comes with a a _delimit_id, _validFrom and _validUntil column.
The following example shows how they are used
mysql> select * from artist; +----+-----------+--------+ | id | name | city | +----+-----------+--------+ | 1 | MC Hammer | London | +----+-----------+--------+ mysql> select * from artist_delimit; +-------------+---------------------+---------------------+----+-----------+--------+ | _delimit_id | _validFrom | _validUntil | id | name | city | +-------------+---------------------+---------------------+----+-----------+--------+ | 68f04490 | 1988-10-24 18:58:12 | NULL | 1 | MC Hammer | London | +-------------+---------------------+---------------------+----+-----------+--------+
When the artist is initially created the delimiting table contains the entire record with a _validFrom data and null for the _validUntil field, which indicates that this is the currently valid record. Let's rename the artist to 'Hammer' and see what is happening.
// finding an entity by primary key $hammer = Artist::getEntityByPrimaryKey(1); // rename $hammer->setName("Hammer"); // save again $hammer->save();
This will result in the following table contents.
mysql> select * from artist; +----+-----------+--------+ | id | name | city | +----+-----------+--------+ | 1 | MC Hammer | London | +----+-----------+--------+ mysql> select * from artist_delimit; +-------------+---------------------+---------------------+----+-----------+--------+ | _delimit_id | _validFrom | _validUntil | id | name | city | +-------------+---------------------+---------------------+----+-----------+--------+ | 68f04490 | 1988-10-24 18:58:12 | 1992-10-24 18:58:12 | 1 | MC Hammer | London | | 68f09bd4 | 1992-10-24 18:58:12 | NULL | 1 | Hammer | NY | +-------------+---------------------+---------------------+----+-----------+--------+
The delimiting table contains 2 rows. The first one still shows the name 'MC Hammer' but with a VALID_UNTIL date
set. The second entry shows the new name 'Hammer' with a VALID_FROM date and NULL for the VALID_UNTIL (which
indicates this is the currently active record). Both entries refer to the same id 1 refering to the
id from the artist table. If you delete the entity the valid until data will be set to the time of deletion
Example
Delimit Test,
Delimit Schema,
MySQL allows to create tables with the Memory engine. The Memory engine is stored in the memory rather than on hard disk. Siesta allows to replicate a table with the memory engine. The same table will be present with configured engine and with the memory engine.
mysql> show tables from SIESTA_TEST; +-----------------------+ | Tables_in_siesta_test | +-----------------------+ | Book | | Book_MEMORY | +-----------------------+
Every save operation will result in INSERT/UPDATE statement for both tables. However SELECT statement are working on the memory
table only. The following shows the insert procedure which is invoked on $book->save();
It updates both the memory
table as well as the persistence table.
# stored procedure to Insert a book CREATE PROCEDURE `Book_I` (IN P_id VARCHAR(36),IN P_title VARCHAR(100),IN P_price FLOAT) MODIFIES SQL DATA SQL SECURITY INVOKER BEGIN INSERT INTO `Book` ( `id`,`title`,`price` ) VALUES ( P_id,P_title,P_price ); INSERT INTO `Book_MEMORY` ( `id`,`title`,`price` ) VALUES ( P_id,P_title,P_price ); END #stored procedure to find by primary key CREATE PROCEDURE `Book_FBPK`(IN P_id VARCHAR(36)) READS SQL DATA SQL SECURITY INVOKER BEGIN SELECT * FROM `Book_MEMORY` WHERE `id` = P_id; END
Important: As of now TEXT and BLOB column types are not allowed for memory engines in mysql.
Example
Replication Test,
Replication Schema,


Your Javascript is disabled. Enable it to see Browser Butler's results.
Please report mistakes and errors by sending my developer a mail or opening an issue on github.


The book Specifying Systems: The TLA+ Language and Tools for Hardware and Software Engineers has been published by Addison-Wesley Professional, a division of Pearson Education. You can click here to order it from the publisher, or download a copy for your own use. You can also download accompanying material. The BookThe book is 364 pages long (including a 17-page index). However, most people will want to read only the first part, which comprises the first seven chapters and is 83 pages long. Here is the list of chapters.
The List of CorrectionsThis is a list of all known errors and omissions in the book. If you are the first to report an error, you will be acknowledged in any new edition.Accompanying MaterialAlso available for downloading is material to accompany the book. This includes the ASCII versions of all specifications from the book, additional modules and configuration files for using the TLC model checker to check some of the specifications, and a few exercises.The material is organized hierarchically, with the material for each chapter in a separate folder (directory). Each folder, including the root, has a README file containing the exercises and an explanation of what else is in the directory. The material is available as a Zip file for Windows users and as a gzipped tar file for Unix users. Downloading
|
||||||


Views¶
Shopyo creates some boiler plate codes for you using the startapp command. Please refer to the Modules section
View codes by default¶
Here are some boiler plate codes created:
import os
import json
from flask import Blueprint
# from flask import render_template
# from flask import url_for
# from flask import redirect
# from flask import flash
# from flask import request
# #
# from shopyo.api.html import notify_success
# from shopyo.api.forms import flash_errors
dirpath = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
module_info = {}
with open(dirpath + "/info.json") as f:
module_info = json.load(f)
globals()['{}_blueprint'.format(module_info["module_name"])] = Blueprint(
"{}".format(module_info["module_name"]),
__name__,
template_folder="templates",
url_prefix=module_info["url_prefix"],
)
module_blueprint = globals()['{}_blueprint'.format(module_info["module_name"])]
module_name = module_info["module_name"]
@module_blueprint.route('/')
def index():
return ''
Using the above you can develop as usual. To change module name and module url, please refer to the modules section under info.json


Created: 21/06/2012
By: Aldema Studio
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Thank you for purchasing my theme. If you have any questions that are beyond the scope of this help file, please feel free to email via my user page contact form here. Thanks so much!
This theme is a fixed layout with two colums. All of the information within the main content area (the left column) is nested within a div with an id of "container". The main site area is the"#leftcol", whereas the sidebar's (the right column) content is within a div with an id of "rightcol". At the top of the template there is the #topbar, the thin dark bar with the currency and language switchers and a small menu. The #header div contains the header, including the logo, the cart box and the horizontal top menu. The #footer contains the lower dark part of the site: and extended version of the footer includes also a #category div in the #container. The template structure is the same throughout the template. Here is the general structure.
In Linear there are 19 different pages:
I'm using two CSS files in this theme: style.css and fb.css, both located in the css/ directory. The generic reset file is included at the beginning of style.css. This file also contains some general styling, especially in the first part of the style sheet.. If you would like to edit the main styles of the template find the following line:
/* ----------------------------------- START MAIN STYLES, BACKGROUNDS AND BORDERS -----------------------------------*/
Many css classes are grouped togheter, so that you can change text colors, borders, and backgrounds by editing just few lines:
If you find that your new style is not overriding, it is most likely because of a specific problem. Scroll down in your CSS file and make sure that there isn't a similar style that you added and that has more weight. Or just add the "!important" attribute to the property that do not seem to work properly.
I.E.
#somediv .someclass a { color: #someColor !important; }
So, to ensure that your new styles are applied, make sure that they carry enough "weight" and that there isn't a style lower in the CSS file that is being applied after yours.
If you're looking the style for a particular elements or page, find the proper comment. eg:
/* NIVO SLIDER */ <---- nivo classes here ----> /* END NIVO SLIDER */or:
/* ---------------- START PRODUCT PAGE ---------------- */
<---- product page classes here ----> /* ---------------- START ANOTHERE PAGE ---------------- */
That should make the editing of the template easier, but you still need some CSS basic skills to achieve radical changes to Linear.
The second file (fb.css) contains the Facebook style, but we'll talk about it later, in the Facebook part.
If you would like to edit a specific section of the site, simply find the appropriate label in the CSS file, and then scroll down until you find the appropriate style that needs to be edited. If you're going to edit the template heavily, we suggest you to use Firebug: this useful tool allows you to find out the class of an element and the style being applied to it (including its line number in the CSS code) with just a right click while browsing the template page.
This theme imports few local Javascript files.
Linear uses many jquery plugin. Here is a complete list of them:
As usual, the code is properly commented so you should be able to spot easily the lines or the plugins you need. All jquery calls to plugin or functions are whitin the following comments:
/* -------------- START CUSTOM JAVASCRIPT BLOCK -------------- /* <---- code here ----> /* -------------- END CUSTOM JAVASCRIPT BLOCK -------------- /*
If you need to add some custom js code (eg: few lines of a jquery function), put it inside those comments, at the end.
I've included four psds in this file::
Also I've included three png Fireworks files:
If you'd like to change the logo image in the header, open "logo.png", make the necessary adjustments, and then save the file as "logo.png" in the "images" directory.
After developing our latest template, Basico, we decided to write a brief "How To" guide. Hopefully this will you save you (and us) lots of time by explaing how to make a basic customization of the template. So please, before asking for help on Themeforest or via email, make sure you have read the following chapter.
1) HOW CAN I CHANGE TEXT OR LINK COLORS?
As explained here, we grouped the css classes to make the colors editing easier. For example, if you need to change links color find the proper comment at the beginning of the css file:
/* LINK STYLE */
someclasses { color: #putyournewcolorhere }
/* backgrounds and borders */
someclasses{ background: #putyournewcolorhere
}
/* END LINK */
We added also some comments next to the color value you need to edit. Eg:
someclasses { color:blue; /* edit the color here */ }
Do the same for the borders etc.
2) HOW CAN I CHANGE PATTERNS AND BACKGROUNDS?
To change the background color, edit these css lines:
/* HEADER COLOR AND BORDERS */
.topbar, #showcase.jcarousel .nivo-controlNav a:first-child:hover { /* upper menu/language bar */
background-color:#2E2E2E; /* edit the color here */
}
.jquery-selectbox {
border-style:solid;
border-color:#2E2E2E; /* edit the color here - must be the same of the .topbar color */
}
/* END HEADER AND BORDERS */
Patterns are backgrounds applied to the header bar and the footer. They are disabled by default, but you can apply them by editing these lines:
/* PATTERNS */ .topbar, #footer{ background-image:none; /* edit the pattern here */ background-repeat:repeat; }
Put one of the following values instead of "none" to apply a pattern:
3) WHY IS THE DOTTED LINE STILL GRAY AFTER CHANGING BORDER COLORS?
We're talking about this:
It happens because that's an image, so if you want to change it, edit the file called dottedbg.jpg in the images/ folder with a proper image editing software.
4) HELP! A CHARACTER (OR THE ENTIRE ALPHABET OF MY LANGUAGE) IS NOT DISPLAYED!
This was absolutely the most common problem of our previous release. Unfortunately, a chosen font by the developer could not support every language and character. If you don't see your alphabet properly or it's not displayed at all (as it may happen to chinese, russian, turkish, vietnamese, etc, users) you need to replace our font with your language's one. First, find a cool font that supports your language, than load it here. Make sure you type "Open Sans" in this input-box:
Even if it's not the correct name of your font, this will prevent you from editing more files, since that line pretends that the OpenSans font is still used by the template. Download the new font, rename it "open-sans-latin.js" and replace the file with the same name in in js/cufon.
5) CAN CATEGORY SUBMENUS IN SIDEBAR STAY OPEN?
Yes, you can obtain the same menu used in category page, but with all the submenus open. DO NOT ADD the "hoverable" class to the submenu
 tag. IE:
That was the normal category menu, with the submenus displayed only on hover. And this one is the category menu with submenu always open:

Categories

 Kitchen & Eating  (13)

 Wall decoration (5)

 Children Room (2)

 Outdoor & Garden (11)

Relax

Storage

Plant pots

 Living Room (0)

 Laundry & Cleaning

 Baby Textiles (2)

 Home Office (4)

Categories

 Kitchen & Eating  (13)

 Wall decoration (5)

 Children Room (2)

 Outdoor & Garden (11)
 NO "HOVERABLE" CLASS ADDED

Relax

Storage

Plant pots

 Living Room (0)

 Laundry & Cleaning

 Baby Textiles (2)

 Home Office (4)

6) HOW CAN I CUSTOMIZE THE FACEBOOK BOX IN THE FOOTER?
If you want to edit the Facebook account displayed there, edit js/facebook-box.js and replace this:
profileid="109822959866"
with:
profileid="YOURID"
If you don't know how to get your page ID, read this. Also, do not forget that the Facebook box works ONLY with Facebook PAGES and not with a common USER account. For example, if you have created a normal USER account for your shop, as if it was a real person, don't expect that it will work in the Facebook Box. Instead, create a fan page from that account and put its ID in the box.
If you need to change colors of the elements in the box, open css/fb.css and edit the following classes:
.total {
display: block;
margin-bottom: 6px;
margin-top:11px;
color: #666666; /* EDIT THIS VALUE TO CHANGE THE COLOR OF THE TOTAL LIKES COUNT */
font-size: 12px;
font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
} .fan_box .connections_grid .grid_item .name {
color: #666666; /* EDIT THIS VALUE TO CHANGE THE COLOR OF THE NAMES */
}
.fan_box .connections_grid .grid_item:hover .name {
color: #D94A38; /* EDIT THIS VALUE TO CHANGE THE COLOR OF THE NAMES ON HOVER */
} .grid_item img {
margin-bottom: 3px;
padding: 5px;
background: #fff;
border-bottom: 1px solid #e5e5e5; /* EDIT THE COLOR OF THE IMAGES BORDER */
-moz-box-shadow: 0 0 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}
.grid_item a:hover img {
border-bottom: 1px solid #c5c5c5; /* EDIT THE COLOR OF THE IMAGES BORDER ON HOVER*/ }
After saving this file, DO NOT FORGET to edit also js/facebook-box.js:
document.write('<fb:fan profileid="109822959866" stream="0" connections="4" logobar="0" width="355" height="140" css="http://www.aldemastudio.com/template/Linear/HTML/css/fb.css?12"></fb:fan>')
The path of the css file (in this case: "http://www.aldemastudio.com/template/Linear/HTML/") must be absolute. So edit it and replace "http://www.aldemastudio.com/template/Linear/HTML/" with "http://www.yoursitename.com/yourlineardirectory". Change "12" with a bigger random number, since that one is stored in the cache already. If you won't type a new number, the previous changes to the css file won't take effect and the custom Facebook Box will not be displayed.
7) HOW CAN I USE MY TWITTER ACCOUNT WITH THE TWITTER BOX IN THE FOOTER?
The content shown in the Twitter box can be changed by editing the following line in each template page:

Insert the Twitter account name you want to display instead of "WPNewsStation" and save the file.
8) HOW CAN I CHANGE THE HOVER EFFECT ON PRODUCTS?
Edit these lines in js/common.js:
// START GENERAL IMAGES THUMBNAIL FADE IN
$('.fadeable').mouseenter(function(e) {
$(this).children('img').fadeTo(300, 0.5); //for standard images - 0.5 = OPACITY LEVEL; 300 = time in ms $(this).children('span.light-background').fadeIn(300); //for the small arrow with the light background - 300 = time in ms }).mouseleave(function(e) {
$(this).children('img').fadeTo(300, 1); //for standard images - 300 = time in ms
$(this).children('span.light-background').fadeOut(300); //for the small arrow with the light background - 300 = time in ms
});
// END GENERAL IMAGES THUMBNAIL FADE IN
// START SLIDER2 THUMBNAIL FADE IN
$('.fadeable2').mouseenter(function(e) {
$(this).children('img').fadeTo(300, 0.5); //for standard images - 0.5 = OPACITY LEVEL; 300 = time in ms
}).mouseleave(function(e) {
$(this).children('img').fadeTo(300, 1); //for standard images - 300 = time in ms });
// END SLIDER2 IMAGES THUMBNAIL FADE IN
// START GENERAL IMAGES THUMBNAIL FADE IN INVERSE. IE: index
$('.fadeable-inverse').mouseenter(function(e) {
$(this).children('img').fadeTo(300, 1); //300 = time in ms
}).mouseleave(function(e) {
$(this).children('img').fadeTo(300, 0.50); //0.5 = OPACITY LEVEL; 300 = time in ms
}); // END GENERAL IMAGES THUMBNAIL FADE IN INVERSE
9) HOW CAN I CUSTOMIZE THE SLIDER EFFECT IN INDEX AND INDEX-2?
Edit these lines in js/common.js:
// NIVO SLIDER
$('#slider').nivoSlider({
effect: 'random', // Specify sets like: 'fold,fade,sliceDown'
slices: 15, // For slice animations
boxCols: 8, // For box animations
boxRows: 4, // For box animations
animSpeed: 500, // Slide transition speed
pauseTime: 8000, // How long each slide will show
startSlide: 0, // Set starting Slide (0 index)
directionNav: false, // Next & Prev navigation
directionNavHide: false, // Only show on hover
keyboardNav: true, // Use left & right arrowss
pauseOnHover: true, // Stop animation while hovering
manualAdvance: false, // Force manual transitions
});
// END NIVO SLIDER
// JCAROUSEL SLIDER
$(".slider-wrapper-cycle").jCarouselLite({
wrap:"circular",
speed:1000, // Slide transition speed
auto:8000, // How long each slide will show
btnNext: ".navbuttons a.last-child",
btnPrev: ".navbuttons a:first-child"
});
// END JCAROUSEL SLIDER
10) HOW CAN I CUSTOMIZE THE FANCYBOX PLUGIN IN PRODUCT-PAGE-2?
Edit these lines in js/common.js:
//FANCYBOX
$(".fancy-img").fancybox({
'transitionIn' : 'elastic',
'transitionOut' : 'elastic',
'speedIn' : 600,
'speedOut' : 200,
'overlayShow' : false
});
//END FANCYBOX
11) HOW CAN I USE THE BUTTONS?
There is a complete list of available buttons in the full elements page. To use them use the following code:
1) BUTTON 1 BUTTON 1 2) BUTTON 2 BUTTON 2 3) BUTTON 3 BUTTON 3 4) BUTTON 4 BUTTON 4 5)
BUTTON 5
 6)
BUTTON 6

Many buttons are simple  tags: if you want to use them as input buttons, add this to the button's code:
onclick="$(this).closest('form').submit();"
For example:

BUTTON 5

Becomes:

BUTTON 5

12) HOW CAN I CHANGE THE EMAIL ADDRESS FOR THE CONTACT FORM?
Simply edit the file "send.php" and replace this:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>your email address.
We have used some third part images and files, so we'd like to thank:
A special thanks also to the creatorS of used plugins. The link to their sites are in this chapter.
Once again, thank you so much for purchasing this theme. As I said at the beginning, I'd be glad to help you if you have any questions relating to this theme. No guarantees, but I'll do my best to assist. If you have a more general question relating to the themes on ThemeForest, you might consider visiting the forums and asking your question in the "Item Discussion" section.
Aldema