Chapter V (Intro To Hoon)
Prev: Using Nock Next: Moar Hoon Types
"Like all men in Babylon, I have been proconsul; like all, a slave." (The Lottery in Babylon)
Principles of type
By working through the Nock tutorial, you've actually come closer than you know to knowing Hoon. Hoon is actually not much more than a fancy wrapper around Nock. People who know C can think of Hoon as the C to Urbit's Nock - just a sprinkling of syntax, wrapped around machine code and memory.
For instance, it's easy to imagine how instead of calculating tree axes by hand, we could actually assign names to different parts of the tree - and those names would stay the same as we pushed more data on the subject. It can't hurt to dream, right?
The way we're going to do this is by associating something called
a type
with the subject. You may have heard of types before.
Technically, Hoon is a statically typed language, which just
means that the type isn't a part of your program: it's just a
piece of data the compiler keeps around as it turns your Hoon
into Nock.
In some languages, especially functional languages, types are dangerous scary concepts that involve a lot of math. For those who like this sort of thing, that's the sort of thing they like. For the rest of us, there's Hoon. It's a functional language, but not one of those scary ones.
A lot of other languages use dynamic types, in which the type of a value is carried along with the data as you use it. Even languages like Lisp, which are nominally typeless, look rather typed from the Hoon perspective. For example, a Lisp atom knows dynamically whether it's a symbol or an integer. A Hoon atom is just a Nock atom, which is just a number. So without a static type, Hoon doesn't even know how to print an atom properly.
When we parse a Hoon expression, file, etc, we produce what we
call a twig
, which (if you know the CS jargon) is an AST. A
twig is a noun that's converted into a Nock formula, with
the assistance of a type which describes the subject of the
formula:
[subject-type twig] => formula
But actually this isn't quite right, because Hoon does something called "type inference." When we have a type that describes the subject for the formula we're trying to generate, as we generate that formula we want to also generate a type for the product of that formula on that subject. So our compiler computes:
[subject-type twig] => [product-type formula]
As long as subject-type
is a correct description of some
subject, you can take any twig and compile it against
subject-type
, producing a formula
such that *(subject
formula)
is a product correctly described by product-type
.
Actually, this works well enough that in Hoon there is no direct syntax for defining or declaring a type. There is only a syntax for constructing twigs. Types are always produced by inference.
Printing types
Let's start looking at types with the simplest possible kind of hoon - an atomic constant, which ignores the subject and its type, and just produces its own subject. Here's everyone's favorite atomic constant:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> 42
42
Let's also print its type - in two different ways:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; 42
42
@ud
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> -:!>(42)
[%atom p='ud']
W-what?  All will be revealed in due course.
But a type, like everything else in Hoon, is a noun. Suffice it
to say that -:!>(42)
is just printing this noun, whereas
:type; 42
is rendering it intelligently as a string. In this
case, the rendering is actually Hoon syntax, but in general it's
just a string.
In this case, looking directly at the type noun is preferable. But for a core, the type actually contains the entire codebase. For example, if you type
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> -:!>("string")
you'll have to press ^C to rescue yourself, or wait until you've printed out more or less the entire Arvo kernel. Black magic is evil magic - it must exact its evil price. But someday, you'll be more the sorcerer and less his apprentice.
Atom examples
Let's look at some more of these atoms:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; 0x42
0x42
@ux
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; 'foo'
'foo'
@ta
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; ~2013.12.6
~2013.12.6
@da
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; .<IP_ADDRESS>
.<IP_ADDRESS>
@if
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; ~m45
~m45
@dr
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; `@da`(add ~2013.12.6 ~m45)
~2013.12.6..00.45.00
@da
Okay, we got a little out of control with that last one. But the point should be clear.
Note again that there is no dynamic type here. All these values are atoms. Let's cast them all to decimals to see (don't worry about the cast syntax - we'll cover that later):
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`0x42
66
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`'foo'
7.303.014
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>2.130.706.433
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS><IP_ADDRESS>0.724.667.905.957.7<IP_ADDRESS>6.000
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`~m45
49.806.208.999.015.789.363.200
(Yes, 45 minutes is actually quite a large number when your unit of time is 2^-64 seconds.)
What are these atoms, anyway? Let's look at the actual type noun (which, without magic, exists only at compile time):
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> -:!>(42)
[%atom p='ud']
p
is called the odor
of the atom. In this case, it's 'ud'
,
ie, unsigned decimal:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`'ud'
25.717
That's an unsigned-decimal interpretation of the atom 'ud', which
without a cast is an atom of odor @ta
:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; 'ud'
'ud'
@ta
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> -:!>('ud')
[%atom p='ta']
In case this is at all mysterious, we note:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> (add 'u' (mul 256 'd'))
25.717
As a general convention, when we represent UTF-8/ASCII text as an
atom, we store it LSB first. A text atom is generally called a
cord
; if it is ASCII only, a span
; if it is ASCII restricted
to the Hoon symbol subset (lowercase with hyphens), a term
.
The logic of smell
What is an odor, anyway? We've seen that the type of an atom constant gets an odor which is a function of its syntax. We've also seen that when we print atoms on the console, the printer is (in some black-magic way) aware of the odor, and can print the atom in roughly the same syntax we originally entered it.
Hoon's type system is generally strong, but odors are weak. The
parser itself will only generate a @ta
for an actual ASCII
span, but not every atom is a constant. For instance, consider
our construction of 'ud'
. Let's look at the type:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; 'u'
'u'
@ta
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; 256
256
@ud
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; (add 'u' (mul 256 'd'))
25.717
@
Not only are we mixing atoms of different odors in our arithmetic, but the result appears to be odorless. It is odorless. But we can cast it back:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; `@ta`(add 'u' (mul 256 'd'))
'ud'
@ta
While Hoon's type system is quite intelligent in some ways, it is by no means smart enough to evaluate your arithmetic and conclude that it produces a valid ASCII span. We can convert any atom to any other odor of atom, without any sanity checks:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>~.s0..0000.0000.0000.6475
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>.<IP_ADDRESS>
It so happens that 25.717
is a valid amount of time, and also a
valid IPv4 address. But obviously not all atoms are meaningful
values of every odor. We're not going to annoy you by stressing
out the console printer with bad ASCII, but we could.
(And why do we say 25.717
rather than 25,717
? Are we
Germans? No, but we want all atom syntaxes to be URL-safe.
See below.)
Odors are a weak type system because the programmer often knows,
at a logical level not at all available to the type system, that
(for example) (add 'u' (mul 256 'd'))
produces an ASCII span.
We want to keep the programmer from accidentally using a date as
if it were text, but we don't want to keep her from intentionally
converting between odors or ascribing odor to the result of an
arbitrary computation.
An odor is exactly what it looks like - an ASCII span. This span
is a taxonomy which grows more specific to the right. For
instance, @t
for UTF-8 text, @ta
for URL-safe ASCII text,
@tas
for a Hoon symbol; or @u
for an unsigned integer, @ux
for an unsigned integer formatted as hexadecimal.
The general principle of type enforcement is that atoms change
freely either up or down the taxonomy, but not across. For
instance, you can treat a @tas
as a @t
, as in a strong type
system; but you can also treat a @t
as a @tas
, or an @
as
anything. However, passing a @t
to a function that expects an
@ux
is a type error.
Even the ability to cast a @ud
to a @dr
is a syntactic hack;
casts in Hoon do not evade type enforcement. When you write
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>the parser actually produces the equivalent of
`<EMAIL_ADDRESS>because we can't turn @ud
directly into @dr
, but we can turn
@ud
into @
and @
into @dr
.
The smell of size
Besides these prefixes, which indicate the rendering and/or meaning of atoms, the odor system has another orthogonal mechanism to restrict the size of atoms. Like the prefix, this mechanism is weak - it is not enforced and trivially evaded.
An odor span contains two parts, both optional: a lowercase
prefix and an uppercase suffix. The suffix, if present, is a
single character A-Z c
which indicates an atom of size less
than or equal to n
bits, where n
is 1 << (c - 'A')
.
Thus, @tD
is one UTF-8 byte (whatever that means); @tN
is a kilobyte or less of UTF-8.
(It's easy to complain from a standards perspective that "UTF-8" defines a format for bytestreams, not bytes, and at a strict level it means no more to say "one UTF-8 byte" than to say, say, "one GIF byte." But odors are not a strict type system. It is possible for a byte to smell of UTF-8 - or even of GIF.)
When enforcing conversions, @t
has no size information and can
be used as @tD
; and @tD
, of course, can be used as @t
. But
using @tN
as @tD
is an error. There is no way to generate
the smell of size from a constant without a cast. And of course
arithmetic results have no odor at all.
While the utility of this mechanism is debatable, at worst it serves as a comment which documents the programmer's intentions.
A full table - for convenience, not because you're stupid:
A 1 bit
B 2 bits
C 4 bits
D 1 byte
E 2 bytes
F 4 bytes
G 8 bytes
H 16 bytes
I 32 bytes
J 64 bytes
K 128 bytes
L 256 bytes
M 512 bytes
N 1K
O 2K
P 4K
Q 8K
R 16K
S 32K
T 64K
U 128K
V 256K
W 512K
X 1MB
Y 2MB
Z 4MB
You of course can build an atom larger than 4MB, though whether you should is another question entirely. But the type system cannot express a size odor above 4MB.
Known and unknown odors
The variety of units and formats which an atom can represent is essentially infinite. The set of syntaxes which Hoon can parse and print is fundamentally limited.
For instance, Hoon has no syntax which means "number of miles." But within your program, nothing stops you from using the odor system to distinguish a number of miles from, for instance, a number of kilometers:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>25.717
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>25.717
The printer has no idea what a @udm
is, but it knows what a
@ud
and can print accordingly. Then, if you have a function
which expects a @udm
and you try to pass it a @udk
, it will
fail. The feature seems banal, but spacecraft have been laid low
by less.
This is clearly a crude mechanism. If you don't like it, you don't have to use it.
Known odors
Hoon knows about the following odors, with defined meanings:
@c UTF-32 codepoint
@d date
@da absolute date
@dr relative date (ie, timespan)
@f yes or no (inverse boolean)
@n nil
@p phonemic base
@r IEEE floating-point
@rd double precision (64 bits)
@rh half precision (16 bits)
@rq quad precision (128 bits)
@rs single precision (32 bits)
@s signed integer, sign bit low
@sb signed binary
@sd signed decimal
@sv signed base32
@sw signed base64
@sx signed hexadecimal
@t UTF-8 text (cord)
@ta ASCII text (span)
@tas ASCII symbol (term)
@u unsigned integer
@ub unsigned binary
@ud unsigned decimal
@uv unsigned base32
@uw unsigned base64
@ux unsigned hexadecimal
Each of these forms has a URL-safe syntax, which we'll get to. Each parses as an atomic constant in Hoon, and each is printed by the Hoon prettyprinter.
But first, a little more Hoonology.
The humble type
What is a Hoon type, anyway? We know a type is a noun. So is everything. What are the semantics of this noun?
Regardless of what this highly overloaded word may and does and does mean in every other system of computation that has deployed it, a type in Hoon has two roles.
One, it defines a set of nouns. Any finite noun is either in this set, or not in it.
Two, it ascribes semantics to all nouns in this set. For example, a Hoon type exports a semantic namespace.
With this settled, let's start by introducing, purely in an
informal and totally friendly way, the tile
syntax in which
type
itself is defined in /=main=/arvo/hoon/hoon
. This is
not the full definition of type
, just a simple subset:
++ type $| ?(%noun %void)
$% [%atom p=term]
[%cell p=type q=type]
==
Again, never mind the syntax. We can easily describe this subset
of type
in plain English.
It can be %noun
(ie, the atom 1.853.189.998
). Set:
all nouns. Examples:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; *
0
*
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> -:!>(*)
%noun
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; `*`%noun
1.853.189.998
*
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> -:!>(`*`%noun)
%noun
It can be the atom %void
. Set: no nouns. We can't show any
examples producing %void
- by definition, none of them would
terminate. Because that's what %void
means.
It can be the cell [%atom p]
, where p
is a term
(@tas
),
possibly empty (ie, 0
). Set: all atoms. Examples: above.
It can be the triple [%cell p q]
(ie, [%cell [p q]]
), where
each of p
and q
is itself a type
. Set: all cells of p
and q
. Examples:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; [3 4]
[3 4]
[@ud @ud]
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> -:!>([3 4])
[%cell p=[%atom p=%ud] q=[%atom p=%ud]]
The noble cube
Let's introduce another kind of type here, because we'll need it to talk about constant syntax:
++ type $| ?(%noun %void)
$% [%atom p=term]
[%cell p=type q=type]
[%cube p=* q=type]
==
Note that when we enter an ordinary constant, like 42
, its type
[%atom %ud]
is the set of all atoms (with odor @ud
, but any
atom can have that or any odor). Its type is certainly not the
set consisting exclusively of the value 42
.
But here's how we produce this "cubical" constant:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; %42
%42
%42
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> -:!>(%42)
[%cube p=42 q=[%atom p=%ud]]
In general, a %cube
type contains p
, a single noun, and q
,
a base type which provides semantics.
Syntactically, any atomic constant can be preceded by %
to
generate a cube. The exception is @tas
, which always needs %
and is always cubical.
Canonical atom syntaxes
Let's briefly cover the syntax of each built-in odor. It would
be counterproductive to specify them exactly here; first, this is
a tutorial rather than a spec, and second the spec is the code.
For the exact semantics, consult ++so
in hoon.hoon
. Rather,
we'll explain the form and run through some examples.
If some of these syntaxes seem contrived or odd, bear in mind:
none of them collides with any of the others, and they are all
URL-safe and more. The canonical atom forms use only lowercase
characters, numbers, .
, -
, and ~
. A cell form adds _
.
Unsigned decimal, @ud
Unsigned decimal is the common or neutral atom representation.
It's not very compact and in many cases conveys no intelligible
information at all, but it's impossible to screw up. @ud
is
the default print format for both @u
and @
- ie, unsigned
numbers with no printing preference, and opaque atoms.
Hoon's unsigned decimal format is the normal Continental syntax. It differs from the Anglo-American only in the use of periods, rather than commas, between groups of 3:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> 0
0
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> 19
19
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> 1.024
1.024
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> 65.536
65.536
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> (bex 20)
1.048.576
An unsigned decimal not broken into groups is a syntax error. Also, whitespace or even linebreaks can appear between the dot and the next group.
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> 65. 536
65.536
Unsigned hexadecimal, @ux
@ux
has the same syntax as @ud
, except that it's prefixed by
0x
and uses groups of four. Hex digits are lowercase only.
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> 0x0
0x0
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`0x17
23
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ux`(bex 20)
0x10.0000
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> 0x10. 0000
0x10.0000
Unsigned base64, @uw
Unsigned base32, @uv
The prefix is 0w
for base64 and 0v
for base32. The digits
for @uw
are, in order: 0-9
, a-z
, A-Z
, -, ~:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`0w-
62
For @uv
, the digits are 0-9
, a-v
.
Signed decimal, @sd
Signed hexadecimal, @sx
Signed base64, @sw
Signed base32, @sv
Signed binary, @sb
Obviously, without finite-sized integers, the sign extension trick does not work. A signed integer in Hoon is a different way to use atoms than an unsigned integer; even for positive numbers, the signed integer cannot equal the unsigned.
The prefix for a negative signed integer is a single -
before
the unsigned syntax. The prefix for a positive signed integer
is --
. The sign bit is the low bit:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> -1
-1
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> --1
--1
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`-1
1
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`--1
2
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`-2
3
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`--2
4
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ux`-0x10
0x1f
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ux`--0x10
0x20
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`--0w-
124
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@sw`124
--0w-
Absolute date, @da
Urbit dates represent 128-bit chronological time, with 2^64 seconds from the start of the universe to the end. 2^127 is 3:30:08 PM on December 5, AD 226, for reasons not clear or relevant:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@da`(bex 127)
~226.12.5..15.30.08
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@da`(dec (bex 127))
~226.12.5..15.30.07..ffff.ffff.ffff.ffff
The time of day and/or second fragment is optional:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>0x8000.000d.2140.7280.0000.0000.0000.0000
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>0x8000.000d.2141.4c7f.0000.0000.0000.0000
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>0x8000.000d.2141.4c7f.1234.0000.0000.0000
We also do BC:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>0x7fff.fffc.afb1.b800.0000.0000.0000.0000
The semantics of the time system are that UGT (Urbit Galactic Time) is GMT/UTC as of leap second 25. UGT is chronological and will never add leap seconds, even if UTC continues this mistake. If a gap appears, it must be resolved in the presentation layer, with timezones and other human curiosities.
Relative date, @dr
It's also nice to have a syntax for basic time intervals:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ux`~s1
0x1.0000.0000.0000.0000
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ux`~m1
0x3c.0000.0000.0000.0000
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> (div ~m1 ~s1)
60
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> (div ~h1 ~m1)
60
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> (div ~h1 ~s1)
3.600
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> (div ~d1 ~h1)
24
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@da`(add ~2013.11.30 ~d1)
~2013.12.1
There are no @dr
intervals under a second or over a day. Since
the resolution is so high, though, (div ~s1 1.000.000)
produces
a pretty accurate microsecond.
Loobean, @f
A loobean, or just bean
, is 0 or 1. 0
is yes, 1
is no:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>0
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>1
People who find this strange are probably strange themselves.
Nil, @n
Nil indicates an absence of information, as in a list terminator.
The only value is ~
, 0
.
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`~
0
Unicode text, @t
@t
is a sequence of UTF-8 bytes, LSB first - sometimes called a
cord
. For lowercase numbers and letters, the canonical syntax
is ~~text
:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> ~~foo
'foo'
Note that the prettyprinter makes an unprincipled exception and prints the text in a noncanonical format:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ux`~~foo
0x6f.6f66
We want to be able to encode an arbitrary Unicode string as a
single URL-safe token, using no punctuation but .~-
, in @t
.
Space is .
, .
is ~.
, ~
is ~~
, -
is -
:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> ~~foo.bar
'foo bar'
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> ~~foo.bar~.baz~~moo-hoo
'foo bar.baz~moo-hoo'
For all other ASCII/Unicode characters, insert the Unicode
codepoint in lower-case hexadecimal, followed by .
. For
example, for U+2605 "BLACK STAR", write:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> ~~foo~2605.bar
'foo★bar'
This UTF-32 codepoint is of course converted to UTF-8:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>0x72.6162.8598.e26f.6f66
URL-safe ASCII text, @ta
@ta
encodes the ASCII subset that all canonical atom syntaxes
restrict themselves to. The prefix is ~.
. There are no escape
sequences except ~~
, which means ~
, and ~-
, which means
\_
. -
and .
encode themselves. No other characters
besides numbers and lowercase letters need apply.
Let's cast these to @t
to see them quoted:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>'foo'
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>'foo.bar'
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>'foo~bar'
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>'foo_bar'
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>'foo-bar'
A @ta
atom is called a span
.
Codepoint, @c
Normally when we build atoms of Unicode text, we use a UTF-8 bytestream, LSB first. But sometimes it's useful to build atoms of one or more UTF-32 words.
The codepoint syntax is the same as @t
, except with a ~-
prefix. Let's repeat our examples, with hex display:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ux`~-foo
0x6f.0000.006f.0000.0066
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>0x72.0000.0061.0000.0062.0000.0020.0000.006f.0000.006f.0000.0066
Phonemic, @p
We've seen @p
used for ships, of course. But it's not just for
ships - it's for any short number optimized for memorability, not
for arithmetic. @p
is great for checksums, for instance.
That said, @p
is subtly customized for the sociopolitical
design of Urbit as a digital republic. For example, one feature
we don't want is the ability to see at a glance which carrier
and cruiser issued a destroyer. Consider the carrier 0x21
:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@p`0x21
~mep
It issues 255
cruisers, including 0x4321
:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@p`0x4321
~pasnut
Which issues 65.535
destroyers, including 0x8765.4321
and
several successors:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>~famsyr-dirwes
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>~lidlug-maprec
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>~tidlus-roplen
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>~lisnel-lonbet
Of course, anyone who can juggle bits can see that
~famsyr-dirwes
is a close cousin of ~lidlug-maprec
. But she
actually has to juggle bits to do it. Obfuscation does not
prevent calculated associations, just automatic ones.
But at the yacht level, we actually want to see a uniform 32-bit space of yachts directly associated with the destroyer:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>~talfes-sibwaclux-tomwyc-famsyr-dirwes
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>~tacbep-ronreg-famsyr-dirwes
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>~bicsub-ritbyt-famsyr-dirwes
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>~sivrep-hadfeb-famsyr-dirwes
IPv4 address, @if
IPv6 address, @is
Urbit lives atop IP and would be very foolish to not support a syntax for the large atoms that are IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
@if
is the standard IPv4 syntax, prefixed with .
:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>0x7f00.0001
@is
is the same as @if
, but with 8 groups of 4 hex digits:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=><EMAIL_ADDRESS>0xdead.beef.0000.cafe.0042.babe.dead.beef
IEEE single-precision, @rs
IEEE double-precision, @rd
IEEE quad-precision, @rq
IEEE half-precision, @rh
Hoon does not yet support floating point, so these syntaxes
don't actually work. But the syntax for a single-precision
float is the normal English syntax, with a .
prefix:
.6.2832 :: τ as @rs
.-6.2832 :: -τ as @rs
.~6.2832 :: τ as @rd
.~-6.2832 :: -τ as @rd
.~~6.2832 :: τ as @rh
.~~~6.2832 :: τ as @rq
(Hoon is a Tauist language and promotes International Tau Day.)
Transparent cell syntax
By adding _
, we can encode arbitrary nouns in our safe subset.
The prefix to a canonical cell is ._
; the separator is _
;
the terminator is __
. Thus:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> ._3_4__
[3 4]
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> :type; ._.<IP_ADDRESS>_._0x12_19___~tasfyn-partyv__
[.<IP_ADDRESS> [0x12 19] ~tasfyn-partyv]
[@if [@ux @ud] @p]
Those who don't see utility in this strange feature have perhaps never needed to jam a data structure into a URL.
Opaque noun syntax
Speaking of jam, sometimes we really don't care what's inside our
noun. Then, the syntax to use is a variant of @uw
prefixed by
~
, which incorporates the built-in jam
and cue
marshallers:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> (jam [3 4])
78.241
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@uw`(jam [3 4])
0wj6x
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> (cue 0wj6x)
[3 4]
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> ~0wj6x
[3 4]
Noncanonical syntaxes
These are syntaxes for constants which don't fit the canonical character-set constraints.
Hoon symbol, @tas
@tas
, a term
, is our most exclusive odor. The only
characters permitted are lowercase ASCII, -
except as the first
or last character, and 0-9
except as the first character.
The syntax for @tas
is the text itself, always preceded by %
.
This means a term is always cubical. You can cast it to @tas
if you like, but we just about always want the cube:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> %dead-fish9
%dead-fish9
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> -:!>(%dead-fish9)
[%cube p=271.101.667.197.767.630.546.276 q=[%atom p=%tas]]
The empty @tas
has a special syntax, $
:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> %$
%$
A term without %
is not a constant, but a name:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> dead-fish9
! -find-limb.dead-fish9
! find-none
! exit
Loobeans, @f
.y
is a little cumbersome, so we can say &
and |
.
The %
prefix cubes as usual.
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`&
0
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ud`|
1
Cords, @t
The canonical ~~
syntax for @t
, while it has its place,
is intolerable in a number of ways - especially when it comes to
escaping capitals. So @t
is both printed and parsed in a
conventional-looking single-quote syntax:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> 'foo bar'
'foo bar'
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ux`'foo bar'
0x72.6162.206f.6f66
Escape '
with \
:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> 'Foo \'bar'
'Foo \'bar'
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `@ux`'\''
0x27
Strings
Text in Hoon is generally manipulated in two ways, depending on
what you're doing: as an atomic cord/span/term, or as a tape
which is a list of bytes (not codepoints).
To generate a tape, use double quotes:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> "foo"
"foo"
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> `*`"foo"
[102 111 111 0]
We're getting off the constant reservation, but strings also interpolate with curly-braces:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> "hello {(weld "wor" "ld")} is a fun thing to say"
"hello world is a fun thing to say"
And they can be joined across space or lines with a .
:
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> "hello"."world"
"helloworld"
~waclux-tomwyc/try=> "hello". "world"
"helloworld"


{% extends "driver/base.html" %} {% block content_section %} New vehicle {% for car in current_user.cars %}


PET FINDER
Survey
API Friends List
GitHub Repo
Pet Finder
To ensure we meet your needs, Please answer just a few questions.
Find your BEST friend with the greatest compatibility!


Get the Course name that a student is taking by Giving a Student ID
Student ID:
{% if result %}
Student Name
Course Name
{% for row in result %}
{{ row.sName }}
{{ row.cName }}
{% endfor %} {% endif %}


Write a JavaScript function variablesTypes(value) that accepts the following parameters: name, age, isMale (true or false), array of your favorite foods. The function must return the values of the variables and their types. Examples:
Constrains: Use typeof() to find the type of the variables.
To check the result in node.js - open command prompt and enter: node variables.js. Or you can view the result in console! Or you can input value and see the result in html.


-*- html -*-
YXA source code documentation
@title CPL (call processing language) subsystem
@doc This is the CPL subsystem in YXA. It is used by the appserver application
to provide users with the possibility to manage their call routing almost
ad infinitum.
It was written by Håkan Stenholm in 2004-2005 , sponsored by Sektionen
för IT och media, Stockholm university. It contains an (almost) complete
iCalendar implementation in Erlang. Hålan wrote a small paper about this
subsystem which is available
here.
The interface is through the module interface_cpl.


Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Learn moreWritten by Wanderer on 3rd September, 2019. Categorized by Site news
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Ut elementum fermentum placerat. Nulla facilisi. Sed elit ante, venenatis non volutpat eu, sollicitudin nec augue. Praesent vestibulum vel ante quis rhoncus. Nunc vulputate, leo et convallis placerat, odio lectus vestibulum urna, non pretium tortor felis nec tellus. Fusce egestas est sit amet lacus vehicula lacinia. Aliquam in est vel augue pretium fermentum. Praesent leo ex, semper nec fermentum et, interdum eu velit. Proin facilisis dolor et tellus congue, et sollicitudin ipsum porta. Pellentesque in risus vel mi egestas fermentum. Maecenas tempor mi vel luctus tristique.
Suspendisse potenti. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Vestibulum sit amet lectus enim. Duis vitae ex ac eros efficitur mattis vel ut nulla. Fusce dapibus, felis at finibus blandit, nisi ligula semper justo, ut mattis mauris sapien eget nisl. Fusce id odio accumsan, posuere velit ut, consequat lorem. Fusce tellus erat, finibus sit amet libero ut, semper luctus libero. Proin leo erat, euismod sed elit sed, imperdiet vestibulum arcu. Donec elementum, urna eget sagittis rhoncus, lectus quam euismod neque, non faucibus ipsum nulla ut turpis. Duis mollis, diam ac molestie aliquet, enim ante consequat neque, et hendrerit neque sapien in est. Maecenas tempus sit amet mi ac placerat. Nam a est quis quam suscipit cursus vel et turpis.
There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available, but the majority have suffered alteration in some form, by injected humour, or randomised words which don't look even slightly believable. If you are going to use a passage of Lorem Ipsum, you need to be sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text.
There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available, but the majority have suffered alteration in some form, by injected humour, or randomised words which don't look even slightly believable. If you are going to use a passage of Lorem Ipsum, you need to be sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text. All the Lorem Ipsum generators on the Internet tend to repeat predefined chunks as necessary, making this the first true generator on the Internet. It uses a dictionary of over 200 Latin words, combined with a handful of model sentence structures, to generate Lorem Ipsum which looks reasonable. The generated Lorem Ipsum is therefore always free from repetition, injected humour, or non-characteristic words etc.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.
There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available, but the majority have suffered alteration in some form, by injected humour, or randomised words which don't look even slightly believable. If you are going to use a passage of Lorem Ipsum, you need to be sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text.
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>phone+370 12 34567
businessV. Šopeno g. 1, Vilnius
© 2014 - 2019 Lorem Ipsum
Template made with Bootstrap


Web development is the work involved in developing a web site for the Internet or an intranet. Web development can range from developing a simple single static page of plain text to complex web-based internet applications, electronic businesses, and social network services. Come and learn how to make a web page this 18th which could result you being creative and a creator of your own websites
Gain the ability to do ethical hacking and penetration testing by getting into this workshop!
Learn in this course about installing Kali Linux, using VirtualBox, basics of Linux, Tor, Proxychains, VPN, Macchanger, Nmap, cracking wifi, aircrack, DoS attacks, SLL strip, known vulnerabilities, SQL injections, cyber laws, phising and more topics.
Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning focuses on the development of computer programs that can access data and use it learn for themselves.
Resonance presents Flutter101 Workshop. If you haven't heard, Flutter is the new Cross-platform Mobile Development Framework created by Google, which allows developers to build Android and iOS Apps.
Why is Flutter gaining popularity?
Well, Flutter is game-changing because any developer ( or anyone who wants to learn mobile development) can now build Native Android and iOS apps with one codebase ONLY! Which means, instead to having to learn Objective-C or Swift to build iOS apps, and Java, or Kotlin to build Android apps, you can now use Flutter Mobile Development Framework to build apps that run Natively on both iOS and Android devices using the General-purpose Dart Programming Language.
Requirements:
Basic programming knowledge will help but is not a must-have.
You can use either Windows, macOS or Linux for Android app development - iOS apps can only be built on macOS though
NO prior iOS or Android development experience is required
NO prior Flutter or Dart experience is required - this workshop starts at zero
Laptop with Flutter installed (instructions will be mailed)
Who this workshop is for:
Beginners interested in building beautiful apps
Students wanting to make engaging IOT apps
Entrepreneurs wanting to become Appreneurs.


CrudController
uses a trick to keep track of newly-inserted entities which aren't persistet yet:
They are assigned a negative id
value. This accords well with the
<p:dataTable selection="\#{controller.selectedEntities}" rowKey="\#{item}">
selection logic.
However, if you want to explicitly output entity ids, you probably want to hide those internal, negative ids:
<p:column headerText="\#{I18N['id']}" sortBy="\#{item.id}" style="width: 60px"> <h:outputText value="\#{item.id}" a:stealth="\#{0 > item.id}"/> </p:column>


--- title: "Quicklook Store Online" titlemain: "Quicklook Store Online" bio: "Quicklook Store Online" description: "Shop Quicklook with the services you love: personal shopping help, trade in, flexible payment options, expert support, and free no-contact delivery." keywords: "" photo: "/assets/images/icons/Quicklook-Avatar-500x500.svg" avatar: "/assets/images/fit/32/1_m-R_BkNf1Qjr1YbyOIJY2w.png" favicon: "/assets/images/fit/32/1_m-R_BkNf1Qjr1YbyOIJY2w.png" layout: shopmain permalink: "/shop" linkmain: "/shop" color: "#e50914" colorhover: "#e50914" ---
Retina display1
Apple M1 chip
Up to 16GB unified memory
For increased performance and power efficiency
Maximum configurable storage2
Up to 18 hours battery life3
720p FaceTime HD camera
With the image signal processor of M1 for drastically improved performance
Weight
Touch ID
Retina display1
Apple M1 chip
Also available with Intel Core i5 or i7 processor
Up to 16GB unified memory4
For increased performance and power efficiency
Maximum configurable storage4
Up to 20 hours battery life5
720p FaceTime HD camera
With the image signal processor of M1 for drastically improved performance
Weight
Touch Bar and Touch ID
Retina display1
Up to Intel Core i9 processor
Up to 64GB memory
Maximum configurable storage2
Up to 11 hours battery life6
720p FaceTime HD camera
Weight
Touch Bar and Touch ID
Looking for the 21.5-inch iMac? Buy
Choose two‑hour courier or free delivery.
And pay over time, interest‑free when you choose Sacombank Card Monthly Installments.*
Have a question? Call a Specialist or chat online.
Call 1‑800-MY‑QUICKLOOK.
For professionals ready to push their creativity, these industry-leading apps offer maximum control over editing, processing, and output of music and film.
The Mac App Store features rich editorial content and great apps for Mac.
The safer way to make
secure,
contactless purchases
in stores and online.


The 9.0-r2 release is based on the latest Android 9.0.0 Pie release (android-9.0.0_r54). The features include:
This release contains the following files. You can choose one of these files depends on your devices. Most modern devices should be able to run the 64-bit ISO. For older devices with legacy BIOS, you may try the 32-bit ISO.
sha1sum: 1cc85b5ed7c830ff71aecf8405c7281a9c995aa0
sha1sum: d72bbd11c1bedbe99f50da54731c6a83b41becb0
sha1sum: d8c265ff77ede3f25a6d37e361cb6838a53c548f
sha1sum: 84df66105cc85a1fcd1db38dcd68d711ed959516
sha1sum: 9975ee08cd2420f11101e3acb102930dd07e5e5f
Recommended for VMware users
To use an ISO file, Linux users could just dump it into a usb drive to create a bootable usb stick like:
dd if=android-x86_64-9.0-r2.iso of=/dev/sdX
where /dev/sdX is the device name of your usb drive.
Windows's users can use the tool Win32 Disk Imager to create a bootable usb stick.
Please read this page about how to install it to the device.
Except the traditional ISO files, we also package android-x86 files into a Linux package rpm. It allows Linux users to easily install the release into an existing Linux device with a standalone ext4 root partition. On an rpm based device (Fedora/Red Hat/CentOS/SUSE...), just install it like a normal rpm package:
sudo rpm -Uvh android-x86-9.0-r2.x86_64.rpm
This will update your older installation like 8.1-r4 or 9.0-r1 if you have.
On a deb based device (Debian/Ubuntu/LinuxMint/...), please use the alien tool to install it:
sudo apt install alien
sudo alien -ci android-x86-9.0-r2.x86_64.rpm
All files will be installed to the /android-9.0-r2/ subdirectory and boot entries will be added to grub2 menu. Reboot and choose android-x86 item from the menu to boot Android-x86. Alternatively, you can launch Android-x86 in a QEMU virtual machine by the installed qemu-android script:
sudo qemu-android
Note Android-x86 running in QEMU and the real machine (after rebooting) share the same data sub-folder.
To uninstall it :sudo rpm -e android-x86
sudo apt-get remove android-x86
The source code is available in the main git server.
repo init -u git://git.osdn.net/gitroot/android-x86/manifest -b pie-x86 -m android-x86-9.0-r2.xml
repo sync --no-tags --no-clone-bundle
Read this page for how to compile source code.
To build 9.0-r2 with kernel 4.9, sync the source tree as above commands, then
cd kernel
git fetch x86 kernel-4.9-p
git checkout -t x86/kernel-4.9-p
cd ..


Empty your bucket over time by completing your goals!
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Bob's Drinks Menu
Beer
Bottles:
Budweiser
Corona
Blue Moon
Coors Light
On Tap
Manny's
Guiness
Stella Artois
Fremont Brewing
Wine
Red wine
White wine
Rose All Day
Sorry, we can't serve you if you are not 21.
It's illegal in the US. Try Mexico or Europe.


A Visit from St. Nicholas (Twas the Night Before Christmas)
by Clement Clarke Moore
An unexpected house guest arrives on Christmas night.
Readability levels for passages on Lit2Go are reported as Flesch-Kincaid grade levels which are roughly equivalent to U.S. grade levels.
An unexpected house guest arrives on Christmas night.
A poem describing “The Fall of the Year” or Autumn.
A poem which describes the river, sand, foam, and path of a river carrying a child’s boats down stream.
Children should behave.
The poet wonders about the wind.
A child’s counting nursery rhyme.
A child’s counting rhyme.
A child’s counting game.
A counting rhyme about indians.
A children’s poem usually counted on toes.
A nursery rhyme about pigs.
An old lady buys a pig. Then she cannot get the pig to jump over a fence so she can get home. She asks for help but is refused until at last she finds a cow who will give her milk. This begins chain of events which leads to getting home with the pig.
Children’s nursery rhyme about a cat, fiddle, cow, moon, dog, dish, and spoon.
Humpty Dumpty falls, breaks, and can’t be put back together.
Children’s nursery rhyme about a little girl and a spider.
This merry king called for his pipe, fiddlers, and bowl.
Peter Piper picked pickled peppers
The blackbirds that were supposed to be baked in a pie for the king began to sing when the pie was opened. They then flew down to snap off the maid’s nose.
A poem about logicical natural progression.
A funny poem about a woman with an extremely big nose.
A poem about a son inquiring about his father’s amazing and peculiar habits for a man of his advanced age.


What is this?
This webpage is an ongoing project hand built by Amanda Konenkamp to showcase and practice her web development and responsive design. Keep checking back for new updates!
This webpage is an ongoing project hand built by Amanda Konenkamp to showcase and practice her web development and responsive design. Keep checking back for new updates!


Before Change
// We will plot our distances in a 2D space
distances = shp_clf.transform(X_train).reshape((-1, 2))
weights, biases = shp_clf.model_.layers[-1].get_weights()
// Create a grid for our two shapelets on the left and distances on the right
viridis = cm.get_cmap("viridis", 4)
After Change
// We will plot our distances in a 2D space
distances = shp_clf.transform(X_train).reshape((-1, 2))
weights, biases = shp_clf.get_weights("classification")
// Create a grid for our two shapelets on the left and distances on the right
viridis = cm.get_cmap("viridis", 4)
fig = plt.figure(constrained_layout=True)


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 4
Skin the cooked chicken pieces and set aside.
Heat the butter with the oil in a large cast iron or flameproof casserole dish, add the garlic, onions and pancetta and sauté for about 5 minutes until softened. Add the mushrooms and thyme and sauté for 5 minutes.
Pour in the wine, bring to the boil and continue boiling, uncovered, for about 5 minutes until the sauce is reduced by half. Pour in the stock and bring back to the boil.
Season and add the chicken to the sauce. Reduce the heat and simmer for a good 5 minutes until the chicken is thoroughly heated through.
Increase the heat and boil the sauce until reduced by about half. Reduce the heat, stir in the cream and gently heat through.
Pour the sauce over the chicken pieces, sprinkle with parsley. Serve.


Hello {{ abstract.participant.author }}!
Thank you for submitting your abstract for Paper Presentation 2019. However, we regret to inform you that your abstract titled {{ abstract.title }} in the category {{ abstract.category.name }} has not been selected for the next round. We highly appreciate your interest in research work and wish you the best for all your future endeavours.
Do check our website and Facebook page for other competitions. Hope to see you in APOGEE 2019 - The Reality Roulette
Feedback for abstract: As an attempt to promote undergraduate research, we have introduced the system of feedback to help you improve and refine your paper and give proper direction to first time participants. PFA the feedback for your abstract as well.
Regards,
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Coordinator, Department of Paper Evaluation and Presentation
APOGEE 2019 | BITS Pilani | +91-8209411724


Air Force One (1997)
"Air Force One" probably would have seemed like a retread even if it hadn't followed "Executive Decision" by a year, but the existence of other film sure doesn't help.
The plot deals with the hijacking if the eponymous aircraft by a band of Russian "ultra-nationalists" led by Gary Oldman, who want to free their leader, General Radek ("Das Boot's" Jürgen Prochnow). The terrorists think that the president (Harrison Ford) has escaped, but he's really hiding in the bowels of the plane, getting ready to start kicking some Ruskie butt.
That this story has plot holes big enough to fly a 747 through them is probably not a surprise to people familiar with this sort of "'Die Hard' on a ____________" movie. Unfortunately, this film falls down exactly where more successful movies of this sort shine, with clearly understood motivations for the bad guys. Gary Oldman's character is easy enough to relate to, but the film's writers clearly have no clue when it comes to post-Soviet Russian politics. For an "ultra-nationalist", he sure rants and raves like a dedicated communist. Anyone who knows anything about Russia today knows that ultra-nationalists are anything but communists.
The key motivation for making this story believable, that of the traitorous Secret Service agent (Xander Berkley), is never explained. What would make this man betray the president he swore to protect with his life? Money? Is he a closet commie? Why?
Another gaping whole is the story comes when Ford orders one of the fighters trailing the plane to fires missile to set off Air Force One's defenses, thus helping Ford to overpower one of the terrorists. I don't know, but if I had hi-jacked a plane and then someone fired a missile at it, I'd be kind of pissed, but Gary Oldman never even mentions it to the vice-president (Glenn Close).
The ending of film, featuring a mid-air transfer from a crippled Air Force One to another plane, is exciting but inadequately justified. Hey, they are flying over water! Even if the plane is supposed "unlandable," surely it must be safer to ditch at sea then do a trapeze act at 10,000 feet. I mean, Air Force One does have floatation devices, doesn't it?
Glenn Close is first rate as the vice-president, but otherwise the performances are professional but unspectacular. Ford plays his stock "Vulnerable Everyman" character. Even though this is not a Tom Clancy film, one can't help but notice the similarities between the President in this film and Clancy's Jack Ryan. Some other top-flight actors (Dean Stockwell and William H. Macy) are sadly underutilized.
All in all, "Air Force One" is a professionally made big-budget actioner, but the script could have done with a few extra trips through typewriter.
--
Paul McElligott "Uncertainty breeds fear Fear breeds consultants" - Robert X. Cringely
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


cimi.core
Classes
AdditionalText
Attribution
Content
Independent
InformationEntry
Locatable
NonIndependent
PersonOfRecord
Recorded
RecordedOn
Signed


Instantiate an OfflineSaveQueue object:
var offlineSaveQueue = new OfflineSaveQueue();
Set the callback function which is executed when the queue is processed:
offlineSaveQueue.setCallback(function(objectInstance, objectName){//Do stuff here...});
Start periodic queue processing:
offlineSaveQueue.startQueueProcessing(60000);
Stop periodic queue processing:
offlineSaveQueue.stopQueueProcessing();
Save an item into the queue
offlineSaveQueue.saveObject({"foo": "bar"}, "DummyObject");
Manually process the queue
offlineSaveQueue.processQueue();
Get the number of items in the queue:
offlineSaveQueue.count()
Copyright Daniel Bank (daniel.p.bank@gmail.com), September 5th 2013, MIT license


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Free & Reduced Price School Meals Application
Begin
Background
Children
Adults
Review
Done
Your application has been submitted!
Your application will be reviewed by the school district and your household will be informed whether the children have been approved for free or reduced price school meals.


a lightweight jquery script for building tours around sites
by Thomas Diehl, www.dievolution.com
Imagine you developed a nice web application in your favorite language. Everything works fine, it is easy to use, but it could use an even better documentation. Something like an interactive tour...
Let's try Tourscript!  It uses json formatting on the backend, so you can feed it directly from the page, via a seperate file or via a database.
Demo
Click the demo button on the right or the start demo tour button on the top right to start the demo tour.
I am using this script in my application www.pomodorohelper.com, go there if you want to see a working example.
Install
Follow this steps to install Tourscript on your site:- Download Tourscript from Github by clicking the big download button
- Add jquery, jqueryUI (for the blinking stuff) and the tour.js to your websites head: click here to show code
- Load the tour: click here to show code
How to build a tour
Tours are stored in the json format. If you want to create a static tour, the easiest way is to create a .json file. Inside, use an array of hashs to display the tour. Sounds complicated? Here is an example:
Each hash is one item in the tour.
- "element" is the box who should be higlighted. This can be any valid jquery selector (must be unique, or the first one will be chosen)
- "label" is the description displayed underneath or above the highlighted element. It can contain html elements.
- "options": Just write an option as text in this part to activate. The following options are currently available:
- interactive : when using this option, the user will be able to click something in the highlighted element. Any form submit or link click will continue to the next part of the tour
- lastItem : this option should be used for the last element of the tour. This will replace the 'continue tour' link with a 'end tour' link, closing the tour.
- "highlight" is a highlight option for an element in the chosen element. The element will pulsate so the user can see what the description is currently talking about.
"element" and "label" should always be in a touritem, "options" and "highlight" are optional.
If you have problems using the script, use github or the "normal" ways to contact me.
I'm also always interested in new ideas and bugfixes for the script.


MyUW Web Components
Our mission: This small library of web components was created to provide developers across the UW-Madison campus with an easy-to-use, framework agnostic collection of elements that closely follows the design specifications of our university's User Experience experts.
Interactive Demos
Each entry in the table below has information about one of our components, the latest versions of which are currently in use on this site.
| Component | Github link | Toggle visibility |
|---|---|---|
| Top app bar | myuw-app-bar | n/a |
| Navigation drawer | myuw-drawer | |
| Notifications new_releases (new 2019) | myuw-notifications |
Hide notifications
|
| Banner message new_releases (new 2019) | myuw-banner | |
| Search bar | myuw-search |
Hide search
|
| Profile button | myuw-profile |
Hide profile
|
| Help and feedback | myuw-help |
Hide help
|
| MyUW badge new_releases (new 2019) | myuw-badge |
Exclude badge from code generation
|
How to use this site
The best way to get the most out of this site is to take a quick tour.
Otherwise, you can follow these basic instructions:
- Click a component's name in the table above
- Use the dialog that opens to customize the component however you like. Any changes you make will be reflected live on this page.
- When you've customized the page to your liking, scroll down to the "Get components" section where you can generate the code for your custom components that you can copy and paste into your own app/web page.
- Browse individual component pages (click the hamburger menu) to view usage and pattern guidance before implementing them in your app.
Get components
The markup generated bythis tool will reflect any configuration options you have changed (or left unchanged) while experimenting with the demos.
Please note: The markup generated by this tool includes the latest 1.0+ version of every component by default (the same ones used on the site). You can view the CHANGELOG.md file in each component's repository on Github to keep up to date. Any breaking changes will result in a new major version (i.e. 2.0.0) and require manual updating to use.
-
Import components and dependencies into your document
Copy to clipboard
-
Add component HTML to your page
Copy to clipboard
-
Copy custom CSS variables
Copy to clipboard
-
Custom javascript events
Copy to clipboard
<!-- Script tags to import components will appear here -->
<!-- Component HTMl will appear here -->
/* Custom CSS properties will appear here */
myuw-help: When you know a user has an active session, dispatch the "myuw-login" custom event to tell the profile component that someone is logged in.
myuw-notifications: When you have organized the notifications you want to display, dispatch the "myuw-has-notifications" custom event.
/* Javascript events for selected components */


{% extends "template.html" %}
{% block content %}
Input for generating the polycrystalline.
Enter the volume fraction of each orientations:
Example Configuration: 1, 1, 1, 1, 1.
Generated polycrystalline will have even volume fractions on each orientations.
{% endblock %}


I graduated from University of California, Santa Barbara in 2019 with a B.S in Statistics degree, and started my Master program at Northeastern University in January 2020 for Computer Science. During my undergraduate studies, I started develop an interest in AI algothrims by taking lots of Data Science courses. I am very adventurous and love to travel to different places. I also practice ashtanga and vinyasa yoga a lot. I am passionate about cooking and baking and you can check out some of my cooking here.
At UC Santa Barbara
Last summer in London


In its essence, it is a young society but through its wisdom and aim, it has created a place for itself in the hearts of, not only the students but also the teachers alike. Run by a group of students who carry the fire of change in their hearts and who feel the pain of the society. They nourish the aim by providing indigenous ideas that go a long way in keeping the true essence of CBS alive.
Character Building Society, CBS, a society that holds a unique position among the societies of Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and technology, GIKI. That upholds the true spirit of society to help the administration and the students to bridge the gap between them. It also aims to instill the true sense of character by providing such projects and opportunities through which the normal folk could polish their character and be good members of the community.
In a world where we need to analyse our mistakes and then rectify them is what really matters. CBS is a society where it trains an individual by making them indulge in projects which helps them to excel and show their true potential, this exercise of learning and showing off one’s skill in a project-oriented environment benefits and aids to their character in personality building by comprehending the basis of work ethics.


Example of a specific node implementation of CBM_pop agent. The evaluated examples are from Crodeau dataset.
CBMPopAgentNode
Bases: cbm_pop_lib.cbm_pop_agent.CBMPopAgent
cbm_pop_lib.cbm_pop_agent.CBMPopAgent
prepare_problem_structure
process_final_solution
Contents:


This website is powered by Jekyll and hosted on GitHub. It supports different screen sizes. You can view this website through your desktop, laptop or mobile devices, like pad or smart phones. All of the pages within this website are static. The postings of portfolio, tutorial and blog are all created with Markdown. Take a look at Markdown Cheatsheet from here.
Here are some resources which helped me to build this website:
- Two blogs introduce how to setup website on Github, Creating and Hosting a Personal Site on GitHub and How I Created a Beautiful and Minimal Blog.
- The official Jekyll website, along with detailed documentation.
- Documentation on GitHub about hosting static webpages with GitHub pages.
- Tutorial for how to setup personal website with Jekyll locally.
- The source code repository on GitHub for this website.
- The list page template for Portfolio.
- The personal page template for CV.
If you have any questions or comments, please post them below. If you like my website, you can share it with your followers or follow me on Twitter!
{% include disqus.html %}


TESTPARM(1) User Commands TESTPARM(1) NAME testparm - check an smb.conf configuration file for internal correctness SYNOPSIS testparm [-s] [-h] [-v] [-t <encoding>] {config filename} [hostname hostIP] DESCRIPTION This tool is part of the samba(7) suite. testparm is a very simple test program to check an smbd(8) configuration file for internal correctness. If this program reports no problems, you can use the configuration file with confidence that smbd will successfully load the configuration file. Note that this is NOT a guarantee that the services specified in the configuration file will be available or will operate as expected. If the optional host name and host IP address are specified on the command line, this test program will run through the service entries reporting whether the specified host has access to each service. If testparm finds an error in the smb.conf file it returns an exit code of 1 to the calling program, else it returns an exit code of 0. This allows shell scripts to test the output from testparm. OPTIONS -s Without this option, testparm will prompt for a carriage return after printing the service names and before dumping the service definitions. -h|--help Print a summary of command line options. -V|--version Prints the program version number. -v If this option is specified, testparm will also output all options that were not used in smb.conf(5) and are thus set to their defaults. -t encoding Output data in specified encoding. --parameter-name parametername Dumps the named parameter. If no section-name is set the view is limited by default to the global section. It is also possible to dump a parametrical option. Therefore the option has to be separated by a colon from the parametername. --section-name sectionname Dumps the named section. configfilename This is the name of the configuration file to check. If this parameter is not present then the default smb.conf(5) file will be checked. hostname If this parameter and the following are specified, then testparm will examine the hosts allow and hosts deny parameters in the smb.conf(5) file to determine if the hostname with this IP address would be allowed access to the smbd server. If this parameter is supplied, the hostIP parameter must also be supplied. hostIP This is the IP address of the host specified in the previous parameter. This address must be supplied if the hostname parameter is supplied. FILES smb.conf(5) This is usually the name of the configuration file used by smbd(8). DIAGNOSTICS The program will issue a message saying whether the configuration file loaded OK or not. This message may be preceded by errors and warnings if the file did not load. If the file was loaded OK, the program then dumps all known service details to stdout. VERSION This man page is correct for version 3 of the Samba suite. SEE ALSO smb.conf(5), smbd(8) AUTHOR The original Samba software and related utilities were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar to the way the Linux kernel is developed. The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer. The man page sources were converted to YODL format (another excellent piece of Open Source software, available at ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/) and updated for the Samba 2.0 release by Jeremy Allison. The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 for Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy. Samba 3.6 06/22/2012 TESTPARM(1)


Sun Peaks Free Style Club will be attending 4 competitions this year (2018-19), each of them is described below: Apex, Timber Tour - January 17 - 20, 2019 Mt. Washington, Timber Tour - February 8 - 10, 2019 Big White, Slopestyle - March 16 - 17, 2019 Silver Star, Timber Tour - March 29 - 31, 2019


CSS grid layout (from Wikipedia article)
CSS grid layout or CSS grid is a technique in Cascading Style Sheets that allows web developers to create complex responsive web design layouts more easily and consistently across browsers. There have been other webpage layout methods used previously including tables, the box model, and CSS flex box. It is currently a W3C Candidate Recommendation despite already being adopted by most major browsers.
CSS grid can create more asymmetrical layouts than the previous grid and layout options like CSS floats. It also allows for more standardized code that works across browsers. This is in contrast to relying on specific browser hacks or complicated workarounds.
One issue with using floats in CSS is if content gets added to one portion of the page it could disrupt the flow of the page and break the layout. This is due to the varying heights for layout elements. Though CSS flex box supports flexible layouts and provides the flexibility of creating complex layouts, it fails when the need for creating responsive layouts in 2-dimensional space arises. That is where CSS grid layout shines.


Pictures
This is a selection of my favorite pictures from America. I tried to only upload pictures I took, but I am not sure about some of them. I uploaded them here instead of flickr because Yahoo! is currently shutting down branches and I am not sure if flickr will still be around in some weeks.
A real Space Shuttle at the Air and Space Museum
Arlington Cemetery, an oppressive experience
The view from the WW2 Memorial to the Lincoln Memorial
Christina, Florian and I took an underground corridor from the Capitol to the Library of Congress
Two pictures I took from the Bus in New York. I really like the vintage look.
NBC's main news studio
Having lunch on Time Square. This was the second I finally realized that I am in one of the most famous cities in the world
A truck with an extensible Flag in Front of a building with two flags.
Sunrise on Wall Street
Favorite pictures taken by another person
Sebastian's pictures are by far the best I've seen. You can have a look at them here and here.


Write a HTML code to display record on table, also use CSS for alternative row.
Write DOM hierarchcy, brifly mention about *,+,? on DOM element.
Write in brief of HTML elements
Write note on HTML entity reference
Write different types of CSS with example.
Write detaiks about CSS ID & CSS class.
Write use of Javascript.
Write expanded form of Javascript.
Write note on:
What are the syntax rules/naming rules of XML?
Write differences between XML and Valid XML.
What is DTD? Write different types of DTD with XML.
DTD vs XSD/Schema, write benefits of XSD.
What is web architecture, discuss all types of layer on web.


We buy infrastructure!
- unleash frictionless action-items
- whiteboard e-business markets
- innovate dynamic niches
- innovate distributed schemas
- integrate 24/365 convergence
- embrace real-time portals
- engage wireless solutions
- leverage value-added networks
- harness real-time partnerships


| texi2dvi {tools} | R Documentation |
Run latex
/pdflatex
, makeindex
and bibtex
until all cross-references are resolved to create a dvi or a PDF file.
texi2dvi(file, pdf = FALSE, clean = FALSE, quiet = TRUE, texi2dvi = getOption("texi2dvi"), texinputs = NULL, index = TRUE) texi2pdf(file, clean = FALSE, quiet = TRUE, texi2dvi = getOption("texi2dvi"), texinputs = NULL, index = TRUE)
file |
character string. Name of the LaTeX source file. |
pdf |
logical. If |
clean |
logical. If |
quiet |
logical. No output unless an error occurs. |
texi2dvi |
character string (or |
texinputs |
|
index |
logical: should indices be prepared? |
texi2pdf
is a wrapper for the common case of
texi2dvi(pdf = TRUE)
.
Despite the name, this is used in R to compile LaTeX files,
specifically those generated from vignettes and by the
Rd2pdf
script (used for package reference manuals). It
ensures that the ‘R_HOME/share/texmf’ directory is
in the TEXINPUTS path, so R style files such as ‘Sweave’
and ‘Rd’ will be found. The TeX search path used is first the
existing TEXINPUTS setting (or the current directory if unset),
then elements of argument texinputs
, then
‘R_HOME/share/texmf’ and finally the default path.
Analogous changes are made to BIBINPUTS and BSTINPUTS
settings.
On Windows the option "texi2dvi"
is normally unset. The MiKTeX
command texify.exe
is a suitable choice for texi2dvi
,
and is tried as from R 3.2.3 if the argument is blank or NULL
and a program or script texi2dvi
is not found.
MiKTeX had a texi2dvi
executable until Sept 2015, but no other
Windows TeX installation that we know of does, so emulation is used on
e.g. TeXLive installations on Windows.
Occasionally indices contain special characters which cause indexing
to fail (particularly when using the hyperref LaTeX package)
even on valid input. The argument index = FALSE
is provided to
allow package manuals to be made when this happens: it uses emulation.
Invisible NULL
. Used for the side effect of creating a dvi or
PDF file in the current working directory (and maybe other files,
especially if clean = FALSE
).
There are various versions of the texi2dvi
script on
Unix-alikes and quite a number of bugs have been seen, some of which
this R wrapper works around.
One that was present with texi2dvi
version 4.8
(as
supplied by macOS) is that it will not work correctly for paths which
contain spaces, nor if the absolute path to a file would contain
spaces.
The three possible approaches all have their quirks. For example the
Unix-alike texi2dvi
script removes ancillary files that already
exist but the other two approaches do not (and may get confused by
such files).
Where supported (texi2dvi
5.0 and later;
texify.exe
from MiKTeX), option --max-iterations=20
is used to avoid infinite retries.
The emulation mode supports quiet = TRUE
from R 3.2.3 only.
Currently clean = TRUE
only cleans up in this mode if the
conversion was successful—this gives users a chance to examine log
files in the event of error.
All the approaches should respect the values of environment variables LATEX, PDFLATEX, MAKEINDEX and BIBTEX for the full paths to the corresponding commands.
Originally Achim Zeileis but largely rewritten by R-core.


{# Return view on successful payment of ticket. #} {% extends "base-template.html" %} {% block title %}Book a ticket{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Your payment has been registered
View your ticket


If you have any question about us,Don`t hestitate to contact us !
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>TAIWAN, TAIPEI , XORO RoadPhone: 02-12345678


List of All Members for Keys
This is the complete list of members for Keys, including inherited members.
- enabled : bool
- forwardTo : list<Object>
- priority : enumeration
- asteriskPressed(KeyEvent event)
- backPressed(KeyEvent event)
- backtabPressed(KeyEvent event)
- callPressed(KeyEvent event)
- cancelPressed(KeyEvent event)
- context1Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- context2Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- context3Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- context4Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- deletePressed(KeyEvent event)
- digit0Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- digit1Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- digit2Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- digit3Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- digit4Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- digit5Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- digit6Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- digit7Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- digit8Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- digit9Pressed(KeyEvent event)
- downPressed(KeyEvent event)
- enterPressed(KeyEvent event)
- escapePressed(KeyEvent event)
- flipPressed(KeyEvent event)
- hangupPressed(KeyEvent event)
- leftPressed(KeyEvent event)
- menuPressed(KeyEvent event)
- noPressed(KeyEvent event)
- pressed(KeyEvent event)
- released(KeyEvent event)
- returnPressed(KeyEvent event)
- rightPressed(KeyEvent event)
- selectPressed(KeyEvent event)
- shortcutOverride(KeyEvent event)
- spacePressed(KeyEvent event)
- tabPressed(KeyEvent event)
- upPressed(KeyEvent event)
- volumeDownPressed(KeyEvent event)
- volumeUpPressed(KeyEvent event)
- yesPressed(KeyEvent event)


fun setCompressFormat(format: CompressFormat): Builder
set compress format and extension of output of resizing. it have three options to set, default is Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG see Bitmap.CompressFormat class to see all of available options.
format - desire compress format
format


Comic Scraper
{% for entry in entries %}
{{ entry.title }}
{{ entry.image_content }} {% endfor %}
{% for feed in feeds %}
{{ feed.title }}
{% endfor %}


A world of javascript goodness awaits!
As you add models and controllers, don't forget to include them!


Publications
Submitted papers
-
L. Filstroff, I. Sundin, P. Mikkola, A. Tiulpin, J. Kylmäoja, and S. Kaski
“Targeted Active Learning for Bayesian Decision-Making”
Submitted, May 2021.
arXiv -
D. Huang, L. Filstroff, P. Mikkola, R. Zhang, and S. Kaski
“Bayesian Optimization Augmented with Actively Elicited Expert Knowledge”
Submitted, Feb. 2022.
arXiv
International journal papers
-
A. Lumbreras, L. Filstroff, and C. Févotte
“Bayesian Mean-parameterized Nonnegative Binary Matrix Factorization”
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 34, no. 6, 2020.
pdf, code, doi -
L. Filstroff, O. Gouvert, C. Févotte, and O. Cappé
“A Comparative Study of Gamma Markov Chains for Temporal Non-Negative Matrix Factorization”
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 69, 2021.
pdf, code, doi
International conference papers
-
L. Filstroff, A. Lumbreras, and C. Févotte
“Closed-form Marginal Likelihood in Gamma-Poisson matrix factorization”
International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2018.
pdf, code -
T. Taburet, L. Filstroff, P. Bas, and W. Sawaya
“An Empirical Study of Steganography and Steganalysis of Color Images in the JPEG Domain”
International Workshop on Digital Forensics and Watermarking (IWDW), 2018.
pdf -
R. Xia, V.Y.F. Tan, L. Filstroff, and C. Févotte
“A Ranking Model Motivated by Nonnegative Matrix Factorization with Applications to Tennis Tournaments”
European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML-PKDD), 2019.
pdf, code -
A. Bharti, L. Filstroff, and S. Kaski
“Approximate Bayesian Computation with Domain Expert in the Loop”
International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2022.
pdf, code -
P. Mikkola, J. Martinelli, L. Filstroff, and S. Kaski
“Multi-Fidelity Bayesian Optimization with Unreliable Information Sources”
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 2023.
pdf, code
Workshop papers
- A. Tiihonen, L. Filstroff, P. Mikkola, E. Lehto, S. Kaski, M. Todorović, and P. Rinke
“More trustworthy Bayesian optimization of materials properties by adding humans into the loop”
AI for Accelerated Materials Design NeurIPS 2022 Workshop
pdf
Theses
- L. Filstroff
“Contributions to probabilistic non-negative matrix factorization - Maximum marginal likelihood estimation and Markovian temporal models”
Ph.D. Thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 2019.
pdf


| Attribute name | Base | Datatype | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No attributes |
An attribute domain declares a new attribute specialized from either the props (for conditional processing) or base attribute (for other simple token attributes). Specialized attributes become available on all elements.


Kolade Johnson: dismissed cop arraigned, remanded at Ikoyi prison
by https://www.facebook.com/CheerfulpraiseA dismissed police inspector, Ogunyemi Olalekan, was on Tuesday at an Ikeja High Court remanded at the Ikoyi Prisons after his arraignment for the alleged murder of Kolade Johnson, a 35-year-old man at a viewing center in Lagos.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that Olalekan, 45, during his arraignment pleaded not guilty to a charge of murder.
Following his plea, Mr Yhaqub Oshoala, Lagos State Director of Public Prosecution, requested that Olalekan who has been incarcerated at the Ikoyi Prison since his arrest, continue to be remanded at the facility.
“We ask that the defendant continue to be detained in prison custody before the trial date. Our witnesses are available and we are ready to commence,” Oshoala told the court.
Before adjourning the case, the presiding judge, Justice A. J Coker told Mr Ike Ezekwen, the defence counsel to explain to Olalekan the option of a bargain agreement before the trial commences.
Read Also: Police Inspector who killed Kolade Johnson dismissed
“This case is adjourned to Jan. 15, 2020 for trial. The defendant is further remanded at the Ikoyi Correctional Facility.
“The prosecution team is enjoined to bring their witnesses to court,” Justice Coker said.
According to the prosecution, Olalekan, a dismissed police inspector working with Special Anti-Cultism Squad, committed the offence at 5.10pm on Mar. 31 at Onipetesi Estate, Mangoro area of Lagos.
“The former police inspector unlawfully killed Johnson by shooting him with a AK47 rifle in the lower abdomen.
“The offence contravenes Section 223 of the Criminal Law of Lagos State 2015,” Oshoala said.
NAN reports that Section 223 prescribes death sentence for anyone convicted of the offence of murder.


Pure Heart
Strong-willed warriors always prevail when fighting for what they believe.
${value}% Poison Resistance
6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50
+${value}% Health Regeneration
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
+${value}% Less Damage from Demon
3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
MaxLevel
8
UltimateLevel
12


| checkUsage {codetools} | R Documentation |
Check R code for possible problems.
checkUsage(fun, name = "<anonymous>", report = cat, all = FALSE, suppressLocal = FALSE, suppressParamAssigns = !all, suppressParamUnused = !all, suppressFundefMismatch = FALSE, suppressLocalUnused = FALSE, suppressNoLocalFun = !all, skipWith = FALSE, suppressUndefined = dfltSuppressUndefined, suppressPartialMatchArgs = TRUE) checkUsageEnv(env, ...) checkUsagePackage(pack, ...)
fun |
closure. |
name |
character; name of closure. |
env |
environment containing closures to check. |
pack |
character naming package to check. |
... |
options to be passed to |
report |
function to use to report possible problems. |
all |
logical; report all possible problems if TRUE. |
suppressLocal |
suppress all local variable warnings. |
suppressParamAssigns |
suppress warnings about assignments to formal parameters. |
suppressParamUnused |
suppress warnings about unused formal parameters. |
suppressFundefMismatch |
suppress warnings about multiple local function definitions with different formal argument lists |
suppressLocalUnused |
suppress warnings about unused local variables |
suppressNoLocalFun |
suppress warnings about using local variables as functions with no apparent local function definition |
skipWith |
logical; if true, do no examine code portion of
|
suppressUndefined |
suppress warnings about undefined global functions and variables. |
suppressPartialMatchArgs |
suppress warnings about partial argument matching |
checkUsage
checks a single R closure. Options control which
possible problems to report. The default settings are moderately
verbose. A first pass might use suppressLocal=TRUE
to
suppress all information related to local variable usage.
The suppressXYZ
values can either be scalar logicals or
character vectors; then they are character vectors they only
suppress problem reports for the variables with names in the vector.
checkUsageEnv
and checkUsagePackage
are convenience
functions that apply checkUsage
to all closures in an
environment or a package. checkUsagePackage
requires that the
package be loaded. If the package has a name space then the internal
name space frame is checked.
Luke Tierney
checkUsage(checkUsage) checkUsagePackage("codetools",all=TRUE) ## Not run: checkUsagePackage("base",suppressLocal=TRUE)


HoneyBee
Introduction
HoneyBee is a Swift promises library to increase the expressiveness of asynchronous and concurrent programming. HoneyBee design follows a few principles:
- Show Me. Concurrent code should look like the structure that it implements (see Examples below)
- Bring Your Own Code. HoneyBee works with your asynchronous and synchronous functions, as they are today, with no modifications. (Usually.)
- Safe By Default. HoneyBee enforces proper error handling techniques - while also reducing programmer burden.
Documentation
View project documentation here.
Quick Examples
Example: Show Me.
HoneyBee.start { root in
root.setErrorHandler(errorHandlingFunc)
.chain(func1)
.branch { stem in
stem.chain(func3)
.chain(func4)
+
stem.chain(func5)
.chain(func6)
}
.chain(func7)
}
In the above recipe, func1
will be called first. Then the result of func1
will be passed to func3
and func5
in parallel. func4
will be called after func3
has finished and will be passed the result of func3
. Likewise, func6
will be called after func5
has finished and will be passed the result of func5
. When both func4
and func6
have finished, their results will be combined into a tuple and passed to func7
. If any of the functions throws
or asynchronously responds with an Error
, then errorHandlingFunc
will be invoked with the error as an argument.
Example: BYOC (Bring Your Own Code)
func func1(completion: ([String]?, Error?) -> Void) {...}
func func2(string: String) throws -> Int {...}
func func3(int: Int, completion: (Error?) -> Void) {...}
func func4(int: Int, completion: (Result<String, Error>) -> Void) {...}
func func5(strings: [String], completion: () -> Void) {...}
func successFunc(strings: [String]) {...}
HoneyBee.start { root in
root.setErrorHandler(errorHandler)
.chain(func1)
.map { elem in
elem.chain(func2)
.chain(func3)
.chain(func4)
}
.chain(func5)
.chain(successFunc)
}
In the above recipe we see six of HoneyBee’s supported function signatures. func1
is an Objective-C style errorring async callback. func2
is a synchronous Swift throwing function. func3
completes with an optional error but does not generate a new value. HoneyBee forwards the inbound value automatically. func4
is a Swift style, generic enum-based result which may contain a value or may contain an error. func5
is asynchronous but cannot error (UI animations fit this category). And successFunc
is a simply, synchronous non-errorring function.
HoneyBee supports 34 distinct function signatures.
Example: Safe By Default
One of the many problems with the “pyramid of doom” is that error handling is hard to get right.
func processImageData1(completionBlock: (result: Image?, error: Error?) -> Void) {
loadWebResource("dataprofile.txt") { dataResource, error in
loadWebResource("imagedata.dat") { imageResource, error in
decodeImage(dataResource, imageResource) { imageTmp, error in
dewarpAndCleanupImage(imageTmp) { imageResult in
completionBlock(imageResult, nil)
}
}
}
}
}
The above naive, “happy path” code has no error handling. Let’s add the most principled form of handling now:
func processImageData2(completionBlock: (result: Image?, error: Error?) -> Void) {
loadWebResource("dataprofile.txt") { dataResource, error in
guard let dataResource = dataResource else {
completionBlock(nil, error)
return
}
loadWebResource("imagedata.dat") { imageResource, error in
guard let imageResource = imageResource else {
completionBlock(nil, error)
return
}
decodeImage(dataResource, imageResource) { imageTmp, error in
guard let imageTmp = imageTmp else {
completionBlock(nil, error)
return
}
dewarpAndCleanupImage(imageTmp) { imageResult in
guard let imageResult = imageResult else {
completionBlock(nil, error)
return
}
completionBlock(imageResult, nil)
}
}
}
}
}
Not very pretty, right? And there’s still issues here. This form of processImageData
has made its contract correctness dependent on the contract correctness of all of the invoked asynchronous methods. What happens if one of the methods fails to call its completion? Or calls back more than once? What happens if a method calls the completion, but with two nil
values? HoneyBee handles each of these issues for you, so that your method’s correctness is not dependent on the correctness of any dependency method.
Let’s take a look at the Honeybee form:
func processImageData3(completionBlock: (result: Image?, error: Error?) -> Void) {
HoneyBee.start { root in
root.setErrorHandler { completionBlock(nil, $0)}
.branch { stem in
stem.chain(loadWebResource =<< "dataprofile.txt")
+
stem.chain(loadWebResource =<< "imagedata.dat")
}
.chain(decodeImage)
.chain(dewarpAndCleanupImage)
.chain{ completionBlock($0, nil) }
}
}
So much cleaner right? And Bonus Points, the HoneyBee implementation allows us to parallelize the first two async calls to loadWebResource
, so this form has better performance than the others too. Groovy.
(If you’re wondering about the =<<
operator it’s pronounced bind
. It performs a partial function application, “binding” the argument to the function. See the API docs for more details.)
Error Diagnostics
Diagnosing problems in misbehaving concurrent code is really hard right? Not with HoneyBee. Consider the following:
func handleError(_ errorContext: ErrorContext) {
print(errorContext)
}
func stringToInt(string: String, callback: (Result<Int, Error>) -> Void) {
if let int = Int(string) {
callback(.success(int))
} else {
let error = NSError(domain: "couldn't convert string to int", code: -2, userInfo: ["string:": string])
callback(.failure(error))
}
}
HoneyBee.start { root in
root.setErrorHandler(handleError)
.insert(7)
.chain(String.init) // produces "7"
.chain(String.append =<< "dog") // produces "7dog"
.chain(stringToInt) // errors
.chain(successFunc) // not reached
}
prints
subject = "7dog"
file = "/Users/HoneyBee/Tests/ErrorHandlingTests.swift"
line = 172
internalPath = 5 values {
[0] = "start: /Users/HoneyBee/Tests/ErrorHandlingTests.swift:167"
[1] = "chain: /Users/HoneyBee/Tests/ErrorHandlingTests.swift:169 insert"
[2] = "chain: /Users/HoneyBee/Tests/ErrorHandlingTests.swift:170 (Int) -> String"
[3] = "chain: /Users/HoneyBee/Tests/ErrorHandlingTests.swift:171 (String) -> String"
[4] = "chain: /Users/HoneyBee/Tests/ErrorHandlingTests.swift:172 (String, (FailableResult<Int>) -> ()) -> ()"
}
HoneyBee pinpoints the file and line where the recipe errored, along with the path which was taken to arrive at that function, and the inbound “subject” value. In most cases this reduces your diagnostic search process to a single function.
Multiple Queues
By default HoneyBee performs all functions on the global background queue. What if you need to work on the main queu?
HoneyBee.start(on: DispatchQueue.main) { root in
root.setErrorHandler(handleError)
.chain(func1) // performed on main queue
.chain(func2) // same
}
Easy right? Need to change queues? What about NSManagedObjectContext
s?
HoneyBee.start(on: DispatchQueue.main) { root in
root.setErrorHandler(handleError)
.chain(func1) // performed on main queue
.setBlockPerformer(DispatchQueue.global())
.chain(func2) // performed on global background queue
.chain(func3) // performed on global background queue
.setBlockPerformer(myMOC)
.chain(func4) // performed on myMOC's internal queue.
 This remains true even if the functions themselves call back on different queues than they were invoked from.
Wrap Up
So that’s HoneyBee. Expressive, easy, and safe. Concurrency the way it should be. If you have any questions, contact me.


A button box is a hardware device that is used to collect participant responses with high temporal precision, ideally with true ms accuracy.
Both the response (which button was pressed) and time taken to make it are returned. The time taken is determined by a clock on the device itself. This is what makes it capable (in theory) of high precision timing.
Check the log file to see how long it takes for PsychoPy to reset the button box’s internal clock. If this takes a while, then the RT timing values are not likely to be high precision. It might be possible for you to obtain a correction factor for your computer + button box set up, if the timing delay is highly reliable.
The ioLabs button box also has a built-in voice-key, but PsychoPy does not have an interface for it. Use a microphone component instead.
If selected, the lights above the active buttons will be turned on.
Using code components, it is possible to turn on and off specific lights within a trial. See the API for iolab
.
See also
API reference for iolab


{{(impact/config.goal)*100 | number: 1}}%
project health over last 1d
Points measure the relative value of events stored in elasticsearch. Points are determined by tunable blocks. To add a block or influence the weight of a block on the point value see the blocks/
directory.
Project Health
Activity
Recent Events
| Timestamp |
Actor |
Points |
Details |
| {{event._timestamp|date:'short'}} |
|
{{event._actor || event._source.actor.login}} |
{{event._score}} |
|
Blocks
| Block |
Events |
Points |
% of Health |
|
{{block.name}} |
{{block.count}} |
{{block.impact|number:1}} |
|
Actors
| Actor |
Events |
Points |
Block Distribution |
|
|
{{actor.name}}
|
{{actor.count}}
|
{{actor.impact | number:1}}
|
|


Booksy
Enter your
Hypothes.is
username
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#include <libetpan/libetpan.h> typedef struct mailfolder_driver mailfolder_driver; struct mailfolder_driver { int (* fld_get_session)(struct mailfolder * folder, mailsession ** result); int (* fld_noop)(struct mailfolder * folder); int (* fld_check)(struct mailfolder * folder); int (* fld_expunge)(struct mailfolder * folder); int (* fld_status)(struct mailfolder * folder, uint32_t * result_messages, uint32_t * result_recent, uint32_t * result_unseen); int (* fld_append_message)(struct mailfolder * folder, char * message, size_t size); int (* fld_get_messages_list)(struct mailfolder * folder, struct mailmessage_list ** result); int (* fld_get_envelopes_list)(struct mailfolder * folder, struct mailmessage_list * result); int (* fld_get_message)(struct mailfolder * folder, uint32_t num, mailmessage ** result); int (* fld_get_message_by_uid)(struct mailfolder * folder, const char * uid, mailmessage ** result); }
XXX - this will be implemented in the future.
fld_get_session() will return the session this folder should use.
For other method, you should see the Section called Session driver.
#include <libetpan/libetpan.h> struct mailfolder { char * fld_pathname; char * fld_virtual_name; struct mailstorage * fld_storage; mailsession * fld_session; int fld_shared_session; clistiter * fld_pos; struct mailfolder * fld_parent; unsigned int fld_sibling_index; carray * fld_children; /* array of (struct mailfolder *) */ void * fld_user_data; };
fld_pathname is the pathname specific to the driver.
fld_virtual_name is the identifier of this folder. This can be NULL.
fld_storage is the storage used for this folder (see the Section called Storage).
fld_session is the session used for this folder.
fld_shared_session is set to 1 if the folder use the same session as the storage. This is used internally.
fld_pos is the position in the list of folders of the storage. This is used internally.
use of fld_parent, fld_sibling_index and fld_children is deprecated.
fld_user_data is a field for free use. The user can store any data in that field.
#include <libetpan/libetpan.h> struct mailfolder * mailfolder_new(struct mailstorage * fld_storage, char * fld_pathname, char * fld_virtual_name); void mailfolder_free(struct mailfolder * folder);
mailfolder_new() initializes a folder structure with an identifier (fld_virtual_name) with path name (fld_pathname). The folder will be owned by the given storage (fld_storage).
mailfolder_free() free the memory used by the folder.
#include <libetpan/libetpan.h> int mailfolder_connect(struct mailfolder * folder); void mailfolder_disconnect(struct mailfolder * folder);
mailfolder_connect() connects the folder. This function can also be used to confirm that a folder connection is valid when the folder is already connected. When doing operations with several folders, you have to be sure that this function has been called before making calls on folder.
mailfolder_disconnect() disconnects the folder.
#include <libetpan/libetpan.h> int mailfolder_noop(struct mailfolder * folder);
This function will only send noop to the mail access.
#include <libetpan/libetpan.h> int mailfolder_check(struct mailfolder * folder);
A call to this function will save to disk the internal state of the selected mailbox (such as flags).
#include <libetpan/libetpan.h> int mailfolder_expunge(struct mailfolder * folder);
A call to this function will delete all messages marked for deletion.
int mailfolder_status(struct mailfolder * folder, uint32_t * result_messages, uint32_t * result_recent, uint32_t * result_unseen);
A call to this function will return some counts of messages in the mailbox.
int mailfolder_append_message(struct mailfolder * folder, char * message, size_t size);
This function will store a new message in the given folder. The message is given by a string in memory (message) and a size (size).
int mailfolder_get_messages_list(struct mailfolder * folder, struct mailmessage_list ** result);
This function will return the list of messages in the given folder (see the Section called Message list).
int mailfolder_get_envelopes_list(struct mailfolder * folder, struct mailmessage_list * result);
This function will fill the list of parsed header fields structure in the mailmessage structures of the given list of messages (result).
int mailfolder_get_message(struct mailfolder * folder, uint32_t num, mailmessage ** result);
This function will return the message identified by a message index (num) This will return a mailmessage structure in (* result) (see the Section called Message).
int mailfolder_get_message_by_uid(struct mailfolder * folder, const char * uid, mailmessage ** result);
This function will return the message identified by a unique identifier (uid) This will return a mailmessage structure in (* result) (see the Section called Message).
Example 5-2. use of folder
int main(void) { struct mailstorage * storage; int r; storage = mailstorage_new(NULL); imap_mailstorage_init(storage, "imap.my-servers.org", 0, NULL, CONNECTION_TYPE_TRY_STARTTLS, IMAP_AUTH_TYPE_PLAIN, "my-login", "my-password", 1, "/home/login/.libetpan/cache"); r = mailstorage_connect(storage); if (r == MAIL_NO_ERROR) { struct mailfolder * folder; folder = mailfolder_new(storage, "INBOX", NULL); r = mailfolder_connect(folder); if (r == MAIL_NO_ERROR) { struct mailmessage_list * msg_list; mailfolder_get_messages_list(folder, &msg_list); /* do the things */ mailmessage_list_free(msg_list); mailfolder_disconnect(folder); } mailstorage_disconnect(storage); } mailstorage_free(storage); }


Call For Posters
The poster session at the EuroMPI 2020 conference is an excellent opportunity to engage with the community by discussing new ideas and latest results that are not yet ready to be full papers.
We are soliciting poster submissions for EuroMPI 2020 that show-case work on the Message Passing Interface (MPI) or work that is related to message-passing parallel computing. We particularly encourage graduate students to publicise their ongoing work. We invite submissions from users of MPI, developers of MPI, and researchers in the broader field of message-passing parallel computing.
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
Implementation Issues
- Implementation improvements towards exascale computing, such as many-core, GPGPU, and heterogeneous architectures.
- Performance bugs in MPI implementations.
- Interaction between message-passing software and new high-performance hardware architectures.
- New MPI-IO mechanisms and I/O stack optimizations.
Programming Models
- API limitations of MPI; extensions to MPI.
- Hybrid and heterogeneous programming; combining MPI with other interfaces.
- MPI support for data-intensive parallel applications.
- Fault tolerance in message-passing implementations and systems.
- New programming paradigms implemented over MPI, like hierarchical programming and global address spaces.
- MPI parallel programming in clouds.
Applications and Performance
- Performance evaluation for MPI or MPI-based applications on HPC machines or using cloud resources.
- Automatic performance tuning of MPI applications and implementations.
- Verification of message-passing applications and protocols.
- Applications using message passing, for example, in computational science and scientific computing.
- New parallel algorithms expressed in the message-passing paradigm.
{% include contact-us.html %}
Important Dates:
Submission Deadline:
TBA
Notification of Acceptance: TBA
Submission Instruction:
All poster submissions must include:
- A short abstract (175 word maximum).
- An extended abstract (3 pages maximum, including figures and references, and formatted according to the "sigconf" style in the ACM 2017 Template (http://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template)).
- A poster draft. Note that complete results are not necessary. It is acceptable to have placeholders for last-minute results.
- Poster format should be A0 page size (either portrait or landscape). See the attached size guide instructions for more details.
The abstracts and posters will NOT be published in the conference proceedings by ACM-ICPS. In case of acceptance, posters will be presented at the conference and, if the authors agree, they will be published on the EuroMPI'20 poster web page.
Accepted Posters
- Towards an optional allreduce communication in message-passing systems (Andreas Jocksch, No'e Ohana, Vasileios Karakasis, and Laurent Villard) [Poster] [Abstract] [Teaser] [Presentation] [Slides]
- A report of MPI International Survey (A. Hori, T. Ogura, B. Gerofi, Y.Jie, Y.Ishikawa, G. Bosilca, and E. Jeannot) [Teaser] [Slides]
- Serializing and deserializing MPI opaque objects with MPI Stages (Derek Schafer, Ignacio Laguna, Anthony Skjellum, and Kathryn Mohror) [Poster]
- A portable implementation of partitioned point-to-point communication primitives (Purushotham Bangalore, Andrew Worley, Derek Schafer, Ryan Grant, Anthony Skjellum, Sheikh Ghafoor) [Poster] [Abstract]


Demo for canvas-bezier-multipoint.js
Click on canvas to add points, or
click here to clear the canvas.


As an aspiring researcher interested in broad range of topics, I invite practitioners and scholars from different fields across different parts of the world to share their views and give feedback on some of the journal articles that they read.
At readuck, we provide researchers a channel to communicate and share ideas with other researchers to further develop, improve, and refine their products, making them more useful to the society.


Geography Game
How well do you know your state shapes?
Instructions:
Look at the state shape outline
Select the
correct state
out of the three state options listed
If you need a hint, click on the state shape image, and you can find the state shape within a full map of the USA.
New feature!
You can check your individual answers before submitting your final results below.
Which state is this?
Texas
Nevada
Iowa
Check Answer
Which state is this?
Washington
New York
Montana
Check Answer
Which state is this?
Delaware
Rhode Island
Arizona
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Which state is this?
Wyoming
Nevada
Minnesota
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Which state is this?
West Virginia
Virginia
Tennessee
Check Answer
Additional Information
Your Name:
Difficulty of this test:
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Choose One
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Submit Results
Test Review Results:
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Reset Answers>
Copyright Steve Sholdra 2020
The non-Bootstrap version of this game can be found
here
.


We aggregate networks!
- generate synergistic models
- whiteboard plug-and-play relationships
- engineer sexy paradigms
- empower distributed synergies
- transform real-time vortals
- syndicate world-class markets
- orchestrate holistic content
- mesh plug-and-play infomediaries
- seize magnetic technologies
- revolutionize impactful mindshare
- engage efficient methodologies
- incubate synergistic markets
- monetize wireless solutions


Staff at STSI developed a prototype primarily based on openFDA data made available by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. We noticed that there was lots of great data, with meaningful connections between data elements. However, the connections were not apparent or easily accessible.
This prototype is all about those connections. We expose connections in two big ways:
- Combining information about any given drug into a comprehensive detail page, including data from openFDA, but also other FDA and external sources.
- Exploring connections through a tree visualization tool.
API Documentation
Would you like to build something even cooler on top of our API? Go for it!
API Documentation
Source Code
The source code is available on github.
Open Source is Awesome!
We were able to rapidly create this prototype, in large part because of the many high-quality, freely available open source libraries available. Some specific technologies/libraries we used were:
- AngularJS - JavaScript rich-client front-end application framework
- Bootstrap - HTML/CSS/JavaScript framework
- D3.js - interactive data-driven visualizations
- Swagger - API documentation
- Ruby on Rails - back-end web application framework built on the Ruby programming language
- Python - flexible programming language used here to import and transform data
- PostgreSQL - database
We generally follow the style and conventions laid out in the (very well done) Angular Rails online book by David Bryant Copeland.
This prototype is a project of Solution Technology Systems, Inc. in response to GSA's Agile Delivery Services solicitation.
Data Sources Used
This prototype uses and remixes several datasets to provide a more combined, connected view of drug data. The primary data sources used are: