fresh, and others pickled.
The fishing ended, the provision of air renewed, I thought that the
Nautilus was about to continue its submarine excursion, and was
preparing to return to my room, when, without further preamble, the
Captain turned to me, saying:
"Professor, is not this ocean gifted with real life? It has its
tempers and its gentle moods. Yesterday it slept as we did, and now it
has woke after a quiet night. Look!" he continued, "it wakes under the
caresses of the sun. It is going to renew its diurnal existence. It
is an interesting study to watch the play of its organisation. It has
a pulse, arteries, spasms; and I agree with the learned Maury, who
discovered in it a circulation as real as the circulation of blood in
animals.
"Yes, the ocean has indeed circulation, and to promote it, the Creator
has caused things to multiply in it--caloric, salt, and animalculae."
When Captain Nemo spoke thus, he seemed altogether changed, and aroused
an extraordinary emotion in me.
"Also," he added, "true existence is there; and I can imagine the
foundations of nautical towns, clusters of submarine houses, which,
like the Nautilus, would ascend every morning to breathe at the surface
of the water, free towns, independent cities.
"I only know, Captain, what the principal soundings have taught us."
"Could you tell me them, so that I can suit them to my purpose?"
"These are some," I replied, "that I remember. If I am not mistaken, a
depth of 8,000 yards has been found in the North Atlantic, and 2,500
yards in the Mediterranean. The most remarkable soundings have been
made in the South Atlantic, near the thirty-fifth parallel, and they
gave 12,000 yards, 14,000 yards, and 15,000 yards. To sum up all, it
is reckoned that if the bottom of the sea were levelled, its mean depth
would be about one and three-quarter leagues."
"Well, Professor," replied the Captain, "we shall show you better than
that I hope. As to the mean depth of this part of the Pacific, I tell
you it is only 4,000 yards."
Having said this, Captain Nemo went towards the panel, and disappeared
down the ladder. I followed him, and went into the large drawing-room.
The screw was immediately put in motion, and the log gave twenty miles
an hour.
During the days and weeks that passed, Captain Nemo was very sparing of
his visits. I seldom saw him. The lieutenant pricked the ship's
course regularly on the chart, so I could always tell exactly the route
of the Nautilus.
Nearly every day, for some time, the panels of the drawing-room were
opened, and we were never tired of penetrating the mysteries of the
submarine world.
The general direction of the Nautilus was south-east, and it kept
between 100 and 150 yards of depth. One day, however, I do not know
why, being drawn diagonally by means of the inclined planes, it touched
the bed of the sea. The thermometer indicated a temperature of 4.25
(cent.): a temperature that at this depth seemed common to all
latitudes.
At three o'clock in the morning of the 26th of November the Nautilus
crossed the tropic of Cancer at 172° long. On 27th instant it
sighted the Sandwich Islands, where Cook died, February 14, 1779. We
had then gone 4,860 leagues from our starting-point. In the morning,
when I went on the platform, I saw two miles to windward, Hawaii, the
largest of the seven islands that form the group. I saw clearly the
cultivated ranges, and the several mountain-chains that run parallel
with the side, and the volcanoes that overtop Mouna-Rea, which rise
5,000 yards above the level of the sea. Besides other things the nets
brought up, were several flabellariae and graceful polypi, that are
peculiar to that part of the ocean. The direction of the Nautilus was
still to the south-east. It crossed the equator December 1, in 142°
long.; and on the 4th of the same month, after crossing rapidly and
without anything in particular occurring, we sighted the Marquesas
group. I saw, three miles off, Martin's peak in Nouka-Hiva, the
largest of the group that belongs to France. I only saw the woody
mountains against the horizon, because Captain Nemo did not wish to
bring the ship to the wind. There the nets brought up beautiful
specimens of fish: some with azure fins and tails like gold, the flesh
of which is unrivalled; some nearly destitute of scales, but of
exquisite flavour; others, with bony jaws, and yellow-tinged gills, as
good as bonitos; all fish that would be of use to us. After leaving
these charming islands protected by the French flag, from the 4th to
the 11th of December the Nautilus sailed over about 2,000 miles.
During the daytime of the 11th of December I was busy reading in the
large drawing-room. Ned Land and Conseil watched the luminous water
through the half-open panels. The Nautilus was immovable. While its
reservoirs were filled, it kept at a depth of 1,000 yards, a region
rarely visited in the ocean, and in which large fish were seldom seen.
I was then reading a charming book by Jean Mace, The Slaves of the
Stomach, and I was learning some valuable lessons from it, when Conseil
interrupted me.
"Will master come here a moment?" he said, in a curious voice.
"What is the matter, Conseil?"
"I want master to look."
I rose, went, and leaned on my elbows before the panes and watched.
In a full electric light, an enormous black mass, quite immovable, was
suspended in the midst of the waters. I watched it attentively,
seeking to find out the nature of this gigantic cetacean. But a sudden
thought crossed my mind. "A vessel!" I said, half aloud.
"Yes," replied the Canadian, "a disabled ship that has sunk
perpendicularly."
Ned Land was right; we were close to a vessel of which the tattered
shrouds still hung from their chains. The keel seemed to be in good
order, and it had been wrecked at most some few hours. Three stumps of
masts, broken off about two feet above the bridge, showed that the
vessel had had to sacrifice its masts. But, lying on its side, it had
filled, and it was heeling over to port. This skeleton of what it had
once been was a sad spectacle as it lay lost under the waves, but
sadder still was the sight of the bridge, where some corpses, bound
with ropes, were still lying.  She was quite young. I could distinguish her
features, which the water had not decomposed, by the brilliant light
from the Nautilus. In one despairing effort, she had raised her infant
above her head--poor little thing!--whose arms encircled its mother's
neck. The attitude of the four sailors was frightful, distorted as
they were by their convulsive movements, whilst making a last effort to
free themselves from the cords that bound them to the vessel. The
steersman alone, calm, with a grave, clear face, his grey hair glued to
his forehead, and his hand clutching the wheel of the helm, seemed even
then to be guiding the three broken masts through the depths of the
ocean.
What a scene! We were dumb; our hearts beat fast before this
shipwreck, taken as it were from life and photographed in its last
moments. And I saw already, coming towards it with hungry eyes,
enormous sharks, attracted by the human flesh.
However, the Nautilus, turning, went round the submerged vessel, and in
one instant I read on the stern--"The Florida, Sunderland."
CHAPTER XVIII
VANIKORO
This terrible spectacle was the forerunner of the series of maritime
catastrophes that the Nautilus was destined to meet with in its route.
As long as it went through more frequented waters, we often saw the
hulls of shipwrecked vessels that were rotting in the depths, and
deeper down cannons, bullets, anchors, chains, and a thousand other
iron materials eaten up by rust. However, on the 11th of December we
sighted the Pomotou Islands, the old "dangerous group" of Bougainville,
that extend over a space of 500 leagues at E.S.E. to W.N.W., from the
Island Ducie to that of Lazareff. This group covers an area of 370
square leagues, and it is formed of sixty groups of islands, among
which the Gambier group is remarkable, over which France exercises
sway. These are coral islands, slowly raised, but continuous, created
by the daily work of polypi. Then this new island will be joined later
on to the neighboring groups, and a fifth continent will stretch from
New Zealand and New Caledonia, and from thence to the Marquesas.
One day, when I was suggesting this theory to Captain Nemo, he replied
coldly:
"The earth does not want new continents, but new men."
Chance had conducted the Nautilus towards the Island of
Clermont-Tonnere, one of the most curious of the group, that was
discovered in 1822 by Captain Bell of the Minerva. I could study now
the madreporal system, to which are due the islands in this ocean.
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Madrepores (which must not be mistaken for corals) have a tissue lined
with a calcareous crust, and the modifications of its structure have
induced M. Milne Edwards, my worthy master, to class them into five
sections. The animalcule that the marine polypus secretes live by
millions at the bottom of their cells. Their calcareous deposits become
rocks, reefs, and large and small islands. Here they form a ring,
surrounding a little inland lake, that communicates with the sea by
means of gaps. There they make barriers of reefs like those on the
coasts of New Caledonia and the various Pomoton islands. In other
places, like those at Reunion and at Maurice, they raise fringed reefs,
high, straight walls, near which the depth of the ocean is considerable.
Some cable-lengths off the shores of the Island of Clermont I admired
the gigantic work accomplished by these microscopical workers. These
walls are specially the work of those madrepores known as milleporas,
porites, madrepores, and astraeas. These polypi are found particularly
in the rough beds of the sea, near the surface; and consequently it is
from the upper part that they begin their operations, in which they
bury themselves by degrees with the debris of the secretions that
support them. Such is, at least, Darwin's theory, who thus explains the
formation of the _atolls_, a superior theory (to my mind) to that given
of the foundation of the madreporical works, summits of mountains or
volcanoes, that are submerged some feet below the level of the sea.
I could observe closely these curious walls, for perpendicularly they
were more than 300 yards deep, and our electric sheets lighted up this
calcareous matter brilliantly. Replying to a question Conseil asked me
as to the time these colossal barriers took to be raised, I astonished
him much by telling him that learned men reckoned it about the eighth
of an inch in a hundred years.
Towards evening Clermont-Tonnerre was lost in the distance, and the
route of the Nautilus was sensibly changed. After having crossed the
tropic of Capricorn in 135° longitude, it sailed W.N.W., making
again for the tropical zone. Although the summer sun was very strong,
we did not suffer from heat, for at fifteen or twenty fathoms below the
surface, the temperature did not rise above from ten to twelve degrees.
On 15th of December, we left to the east the bewitching group of the
Societies and the graceful Tahiti, queen of the Pacific. I saw in the
morning, some miles to the windward, the elevated summits of the
island. These waters furnished our table with excellent fish,
mackerel, bonitos, and some varieties of a sea-serpent.
On the 25th of December the Nautilus sailed into the midst of the New
Hebrides, discovered by Quiros in 1606, and that Bougainville explored
in 1768, and to which Cook gave its present name in 1773. This group
is composed principally of nine large islands, that form a band of 120
leagues N.N.S. to S.S.W., between 15° and 2° S. lat., and 164
deg. and 168° long. We passed tolerably near to the Island of
Aurou, that at noon looked like a mass of green woods, surmounted by a
peak of great height.
That day being Christmas Day, Ned Land seemed to regret sorely the
non-celebration of "Christmas," the family fete of which Protestants
are so fond. I had not seen Captain Nemo for a week, when, on the
morning of the 27th, he came into the large drawing-room, always
seeming as if he had seen you five minutes before. I was busily
tracing the route of the Nautilus on the planisphere. The Captain came
up to me, put his finger on one spot on the chart, and said this single
word.
"Vanikoro."
The effect was magical! It was the name of the islands on which La
Perouse had been lost! I rose suddenly.
"The Nautilus has brought us to Vanikoro?" I asked.
"Yes, Professor," said the Captain.
"And I can visit the celebrated islands where the Boussole and the
Astrolabe struck?"
"If you like, Professor."
"When shall we be there?"
"We are there now."
Followed by Captain Nemo, I went up on to the platform, and greedily
scanned the horizon.
To the N.E. two volcanic islands emerged of unequal size, surrounded by
a coral reef that measured forty miles in circumference. We were close
to Vanikoro, really the one to which Dumont d'Urville gave the name of
Isle de la Recherche, and exactly facing the little harbour of Vanou,
situated in 16° 4' S. lat., and 164° 32' E. long. The earth
seemed covered with verdure from the shore to the summits in the
interior, that were crowned by Mount Kapogo, 476 feet high. The
Nautilus, having passed the outer belt of rocks by a narrow strait,
found itself among breakers where the sea was from thirty to forty
fathoms deep. Under the verdant shade of some mangroves I perceived
some savages, who appeared greatly surprised at our approach. In the
long black body, moving between wind and water, did they not see some
formidable cetacean that they regarded with suspicion?
Just then Captain Nemo asked me what I knew about the wreck of La
Perouse.
"Only what everyone knows, Captain," I replied.
"And could you tell me what everyone knows about it?" he inquired,
ironically.
"Easily."
I related to him all that the last works of Dumont d'Urville had made
known--works from which the following is a brief account.
La Perouse, and his second, Captain de Langle, were sent by Louis XVI,
in 1785, on a voyage of circumnavigation. They embarked in the
corvettes Boussole and the Astrolabe, neither of which were again heard
of. In 1791, the French Government, justly uneasy as to the fate of
these two sloops, manned two large merchantmen, the Recherche and the
Esperance, which left Brest the 28th of September under the command of
Bruni d'Entrecasteaux.
Two months after, they learned from Bowen, commander of the Albemarle,
that the debris of shipwrecked vessels had been seen on the coasts of
New Georgia. But D'Entrecasteaux, ignoring this communication--rather
uncertain, besides--directed his course towards the Admiralty Islands,
mentioned in a report of Captain Hunter's as being the place where La
Perouse was wrecked.
They sought in vain. The Esperance and the Recherche passed before
Vanikoro without stopping there, and, in fact, this voyage was most
disastrous, as it cost D'Entrecasteaux his life, and those of two of
his lieutenants, besides several of his crew.
Captain Dillon, a shrewd old Pacific sailor, was the first to find
unmistakable traces of the wrecks. On the 15th of May, 1824, his
vessel, the St. Patrick, passed close to Tikopia, one of the New
Hebrides. There a Lascar came alongside in a canoe, sold him the
handle of a sword in silver that bore the print of characters engraved
on the hilt. The Lascar pretended that six years before, during a stay
at Vanikoro, he had seen two Europeans that belonged to some vessels
that had run aground on the reefs some years ago.
Dillon guessed that he meant La Perouse, whose disappearance had
troubled the whole world. He tried to get on to Vanikoro, where,
according to the Lascar, he would find numerous debris of the wreck,
but winds and tides prevented him.
Dillon returned to Calcutta. There he interested the Asiatic Society
and the Indian Company in his discovery. A vessel, to which was given
the name of the Recherche, was put at his disposal, and he set out,
23rd January, 1827, accompanied by a French agent.
The Recherche, after touching at several points in the Pacific, cast
anchor before Vanikoro, 7th July, 1827, in that same harbour of Vanou
where the Nautilus was at this time.
There it collected numerous relics of the wreck--iron utensils,
anchors, pulley-strops, swivel-guns, an 18 lb. shot, fragments of
astronomical instruments, a piece of crown work, and a bronze clock,
bearing this inscription--"Bazin m'a fait," the mark of the foundry of
the arsenal at Brest about 1785. There could be no further doubt.
Dillon, having made all inquiries, stayed in the unlucky place till
October. Then he quitted Vanikoro, and directed his course towards New
Zealand; put into Calcutta, 7th April, 1828, and returned to France,
where he was warmly welcomed by Charles X.
But at the same time, without knowing Dillon's movements, Dumont
d'Urville had already set out to find the scene of the wreck. And they
had learned from a whaler that some medals and a cross of St. Louis had
been found in the hands of some savages of Louisiade and New Caledonia.
Dumont d'Urville, commander of the Astrolabe, had then sailed, and two
months after Dillon had left Vanikoro he put into Hobart Town. There
he learned the results of Dillon's inquiries, and found that a certain
James Hobbs, second lieutenant of the Union of Calcutta, after landing
on an island situated 8° 18' S. lat., and 156° 30' E. long.,
had seen some iron bars and red stuffs used by the natives of these
parts. Dumont d'Urville, much perplexed, and not knowing how to credit
the reports of low-class journals, decided to follow Dillon's track.
On the 10th of February, 1828, the Astrolabe appeared off Tikopia, and
took as guide and interpreter a deserter found on the island; made his
way to Vanikoro, sighted it on the 12th inst., lay among the reefs
until the 14th, and not until the 20th did he cast anchor within the
barrier in the harbour of Vanou.
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On the 23rd, several officers went round the island and brought back
some unimportant trifles. The natives, adopting a system of denials
and evasions, refused to take them to the unlucky place. This
ambiguous conduct led them to believe that the natives had ill-treated
the castaways, and indeed they seemed to fear that Dumont d'Urville had
come to avenge La Perouse and his unfortunate crew.
However, on the 26th, appeased by some presents, and understanding that
they had no reprisals to fear, they led M. Jacquireot to the scene of
the wreck.
There, in three or four fathoms of water, between the reefs of Pacou
and Vanou, lay anchors, cannons, pigs of lead and iron, embedded in the
limy concretions. The large boat and the whaler belonging to the
Astrolabe were sent to this place, and, not without some difficulty,
their crews hauled up an anchor weighing 1,800 lbs., a brass gun, some
pigs of iron, and two copper swivel-guns.
Dumont d'Urville, questioning the natives, learned too that La Perouse,
after losing both his vessels on the reefs of this island, had
constructed a smaller boat, only to be lost a second time. Where, no
one knew.
But the French Government, fearing that Dumont d'Urville was not
acquainted with Dillon's movements, had sent the sloop Bayonnaise,
commanded by Legoarant de Tromelin, to Vanikoro, which had been
stationed on the west coast of America. The Bayonnaise cast her anchor
before Vanikoro some months after the departure of the Astrolabe, but
found no new document; but stated that the savages had respected the
monument to La Perouse. That is the substance of what I told Captain
Nemo.
"So," he said, "no one knows now where the third vessel perished that
was constructed by the castaways on the island of Vanikoro?"
"No one knows."
Captain Nemo said nothing, but signed to me to follow him into the
large saloon. The Nautilus sank several yards below the waves, and the
panels were opened.
I hastened to the aperture, and under the crustations of coral, covered
with fungi, syphonules, alcyons, madrepores, through myriads of
charming fish--girelles, glyphisidri, pompherides, diacopes, and
holocentres--I recognised certain debris that the drags had not been
able to tear up--iron stirrups, anchors, cannons, bullets, capstan
fittings, the stem of a ship, all objects clearly proving the wreck of
some vessel, and now carpeted with living flowers. While I was looking
on this desolate scene, Captain Nemo said, in a sad voice:
"Commander La Perouse set out 7th December, 1785, with his vessels La
Boussole and the Astrolabe. He first cast anchor at Botany Bay,
visited the Friendly Isles, New Caledonia, then directed his course
towards Santa Cruz, and put into Namouka, one of the Hapai group. Then
his vessels struck on the unknown reefs of Vanikoro. The Boussole,
which went first, ran aground on the southerly coast. The Astrolabe
went to its help, and ran aground too. The first vessel was destroyed
almost immediately. The second, stranded under the wind, resisted some
days. The natives made the castaways welcome. They installed
themselves in the island, and constructed a smaller boat with the
debris of the two large ones. Some sailors stayed willingly at
Vanikoro; the others, weak and ill, set out with La Perouse. They
directed their course towards the Solomon Islands, and there perished,
with everything, on the westerly coast of the chief island of the
group, between Capes Deception and Satisfaction."
"How do you know that?"
"By this, that I found on the spot where was the last wreck."
Captain Nemo showed me a tin-plate box, stamped with the French arms,
and corroded by the salt water. He opened it, and I saw a bundle of
papers, yellow but still readable.
They were the instructions of the naval minister to Commander La
Perouse, annotated in the margin in Louis XVI's handwriting.
"Ah! it is a fine death for a sailor!" said Captain Nemo, at last. "A
coral tomb makes a quiet grave; and I trust that I and my comrades will
find no other."
CHAPTER XIX
TORRES STRAITS
During the night of the 27th or 28th of December, the Nautilus left the
shores of Vanikoro with great speed. Her course was south-westerly,
and in three days she had gone over the 750 leagues that separated it
from La Perouse's group and the south-east point of Papua.
Early on the 1st of January, 1863, Conseil joined me on the platform.
"Master, will you permit me to wish you a happy New Year?"
"What! Conseil; exactly as if I was at Paris in my study at the Jardin
des Plantes? Well, I accept your good wishes, and thank you for them.
Only, I will ask you what you mean by a `Happy New Year' under our
circumstances? Do you mean the year that will bring us to the end of
our imprisonment, or the year that sees us continue this strange
voyage?"
"Really, I do not know how to answer, master. We are sure to see
curious things, and for the last two months we have not had time for
dullness. The last marvel is always the most astonishing; and, if we
continue this progression, I do not know how it will end. It is my
opinion that we shall never again see the like. I think then, with no
offence to master, that a happy year would be one in which we could see
everything."
On 2nd January we had made 11,340 miles, or 5,250 French leagues, since
our starting-point in the Japan Seas. Before the ship's head stretched
the dangerous shores of the coral sea, on the north-east coast of
Australia. Our boat lay along some miles from the redoubtable bank on
which Cook's vessel was lost, 10th June, 1770. The boat in which Cook
was struck on a rock, and, if it did not sink, it was owing to a piece
of coral that was broken by the shock, and fixed itself in the broken
keel.
I had wished to visit the reef, 360 leagues long, against which the
sea, always rough, broke with great violence, with a noise like
thunder. But just then the inclined planes drew the Nautilus down to a
great depth, and I could see nothing of the high coral walls. I had to
content myself with the different specimens of fish brought up by the
nets. I remarked, among others, some germons, a species of mackerel as
large as a tunny, with bluish sides, and striped with transverse bands,
that disappear with the animal's life.
These fish followed us in shoals, and furnished us with very delicate
food. We took also a large number of gilt-heads, about one and a half
inches long, tasting like dorys; and flying pyrapeds like submarine
swallows, which, in dark nights, light alternately the air and water
with their phosphorescent light. Among the molluscs and zoophytes, I
found in the meshes of the net several species of alcyonarians, echini,
hammers, spurs, dials, cerites, and hyalleae. The flora was represented
by beautiful floating seaweeds, laminariae, and macrocystes,
impregnated with the mucilage that transudes through their pores; and
among which I gathered an admirable Nemastoma Geliniarois, that was
classed among the natural curiosities of the museum.
Two days after crossing the coral sea, 4th January, we sighted the
Papuan coasts. On this occasion, Captain Nemo informed me that his
intention was to get into the Indian Ocean by the Strait of Torres.
His communication ended there.
The Torres Straits are nearly thirty-four leagues wide; but they are
obstructed by an innumerable quantity of islands, islets, breakers, and
rocks, that make its navigation almost impracticable; so that Captain
Nemo took all needful precautions to cross them. The Nautilus,
floating betwixt wind and water, went at a moderate pace. Her screw,
like a cetacean's tail, beat the waves slowly.
Profiting by this, I and my two companions went up on to the deserted
platform. Before us was the steersman's cage, and I expected that
Captain Nemo was there directing the course of the Nautilus. I had
before me the excellent charts of the Straits of Torres, and I
consulted them attentively. Round the Nautilus the sea dashed
furiously. The course of the waves, that went from south-east to
north-west at the rate of two and a half miles, broke on the coral that
showed itself here and there.
"This is a bad sea!" remarked Ned Land.
"Detestable indeed, and one that does not suit a boat like the
Nautilus."
"The Captain must be very sure of his route, for I see there pieces of
coral that would do for its keel if it only touched them slightly."
Indeed the situation was dangerous, but the Nautilus seemed to slide
like magic off these rocks. It did not follow the routes of the
Astrolabe and the Zelee exactly, for they proved fatal to Dumont
d'Urville. It bore more northwards, coasted the Islands of Murray, and
came back to the south-west towards Cumberland Passage. I thought it
was going to pass it by, when, going back to north-west, it went
through a large quantity of islands and islets little known, towards
the Island Sound and Canal Mauvais.
I wondered if Captain Nemo, foolishly imprudent, would steer his vessel
into that pass where Dumont d'Urville's two corvettes touched; when,
swerving again, and cutting straight through to the west, he steered
for the Island of Gilboa.
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It was then three in the afternoon. The tide began to recede, being
quite full. The Nautilus approached the island, that I still saw, with
its remarkable border of screw-pines. He stood off it at about two
miles distant. Suddenly a shock overthrew me. The Nautilus just
touched a rock, and stayed immovable, laying lightly to port side.
When I rose, I perceived Captain Nemo and his lieutenant on the
platform. They were examining the situation of the vessel, and
exchanging words in their incomprehensible dialect.
She was situated thus: Two miles, on the starboard side, appeared
Gilboa, stretching from north to west like an immense arm. Towards the
south and east some coral showed itself, left by the ebb. We had run
aground, and in one of those seas where the tides are middling--a sorry
matter for the floating of the Nautilus. However, the vessel had not
suffered, for her keel was solidly joined. But, if she could neither
glide off nor move, she ran the risk of being for ever fastened to
these rocks, and then Captain Nemo's submarine vessel would be done for.
I was reflecting thus, when the Captain, cool and calm, always master
of himself, approached me.
"An accident?" I asked.
"No; an incident."
"But an incident that will oblige you perhaps to become an inhabitant
of this land from which you flee?"
Captain Nemo looked at me curiously, and made a negative gesture, as
much as to say that nothing would force him to set foot on terra firma
again. Then he said:
"Besides, M. Aronnax, the Nautilus is not lost; it will carry you yet
into the midst of the marvels of the ocean. Our voyage is only begun,
and I do not wish to be deprived so soon of the honour of your company."
"However, Captain Nemo," I replied, without noticing the ironical turn
of his phrase, "the Nautilus ran aground in open sea. Now the tides
are not strong in the Pacific; and, if you cannot lighten the Nautilus,
I do not see how it will be reinflated."
"The tides are not strong in the Pacific: you are right there,
Professor; but in Torres Straits one finds still a difference of a yard
and a half between the level of high and low seas. To-day is 4th
January, and in five days the moon will be full. Now, I shall be very
much astonished if that satellite does not raise these masses of water
sufficiently, and render me a service that I should be indebted to her
for."
Having said this, Captain Nemo, followed by his lieutenant, redescended
to the interior of the Nautilus. As to the vessel, it moved not, and
was immovable, as if the coralline polypi had already walled it up with
their in destructible cement.
"Well, sir?" said Ned Land, who came up to me after the departure of
the Captain.
"Well, friend Ned, we will wait patiently for the tide on the 9th
instant; for it appears that the moon will have the goodness to put it
off again."
"Really?"
"Really."
"And this Captain is not going to cast anchor at all since the tide
will suffice?" said Conseil, simply.
The Canadian looked at Conseil, then shrugged his shoulders.
"Sir, you may believe me when I tell you that this piece of iron will
navigate neither on nor under the sea again; it is only fit to be sold
for its weight. I think, therefore, that the time has come to part
company with Captain Nemo."
"Friend Ned, I do not despair of this stout Nautilus, as you do; and in
four days we shall know what to hold to on the Pacific tides. Besides,
flight might be possible if we were in sight of the English or
Provencal coast; but on the Papuan shores, it is another thing; and it
will be time enough to come to that extremity if the Nautilus does not
recover itself again, which I look upon as a grave event."
"But do they know, at least, how to act circumspectly? There is an
island; on that island there are trees; under those trees, terrestrial
animals, bearers of cutlets and roast beef, to which I would willingly
give a trial."
"In this, friend Ned is right," said Conseil, "and I agree with him.
Could not master obtain permission from his friend Captain Nemo to put
us on land, if only so as not to lose the habit of treading on the
solid parts of our planet?"
"I can ask him, but he will refuse."
"Will master risk it?" asked Conseil, "and we shall know how to rely
upon the Captain's amiability."
To my great surprise, Captain Nemo gave me the permission I asked for,
and he gave it very agreeably, without even exacting from me a promise
to return to the vessel; but flight across New Guinea might be very
perilous, and I should not have counselled Ned Land to attempt it.
Better to be a prisoner on board the Nautilus than to fall into the
hands of the natives.
At eight o'clock, armed with guns and hatchets, we got off the
Nautilus. The sea was pretty calm; a slight breeze blew on land.
Conseil and I rowing, we sped along quickly, and Ned steered in the
straight passage that the breakers left between them. The boat was
well handled, and moved rapidly.
Ned Land could not restrain his joy. He was like a prisoner that had
escaped from prison, and knew not that it was necessary to re-enter it.
"Meat! We are going to eat some meat; and what meat!" he replied.
"Real game! no, bread, indeed."
"I do not say that fish is not good; we must not abuse it; but a piece
of fresh venison, grilled on live coals, will agreeably vary our
ordinary course."
"Glutton!" said Conseil, "he makes my mouth water."
"It remains to be seen," I said, "if these forests are full of game,
and if the game is not such as will hunt the hunter himself."
"Well said, M. Aronnax," replied the Canadian, whose teeth seemed
sharpened like the edge of a hatchet; "but I will eat tiger--loin of
tiger--if there is no other quadruped on this island."
"Friend Ned is uneasy about it," said Conseil.
"Whatever it may be," continued Ned Land, "every animal with four paws
without feathers, or with two paws without feathers, will be saluted by
my first shot."
"Very well! Master Land's imprudences are beginning."
"Never fear, M. Aronnax," replied the Canadian; "I do not want
twenty-five minutes to offer you a dish, of my sort."
At half-past eight the Nautilus boat ran softly aground on a heavy
sand, after having happily passed the coral reef that surrounds the
Island of Gilboa.
CHAPTER XX
A FEW DAYS ON LAND
I was much impressed on touching land. Ned Land tried the soil with
his feet, as if to take possession of it. However, it was only two
months before that we had become, according to Captain Nemo,
"passengers on board the Nautilus," but, in reality, prisoners of its
commander.
In a few minutes we were within musket-shot of the coast. The whole
horizon was hidden behind a beautiful curtain of forests. Enormous
trees, the trunks of which attained a height of 200 feet, were tied to
each other by garlands of bindweed, real natural hammocks, which a
light breeze rocked. They were mimosas, figs, hibisci, and palm trees,
mingled together in profusion; and under the shelter of their verdant
vault grew orchids, leguminous plants, and ferns.
But, without noticing all these beautiful specimens of Papuan flora,
the Canadian abandoned the agreeable for the useful. He discovered a
coco-tree, beat down some of the fruit, broke them, and we drunk the
milk and ate the nut with a satisfaction that protested against the
ordinary food on the Nautilus.
"Excellent!" said Ned Land.
"Exquisite!" replied Conseil.
"And I do not think," said the Canadian, "that he would object to our
introducing a cargo of coco-nuts on board."
"I do not think he would, but he would not taste them."
"So much the worse for him," said Conseil.
internal_link3_text
"And so much the better for us," replied Ned Land. "There will be more
for us."
"One word only, Master Land," I said to the harpooner, who was
beginning to ravage another coco-nut tree. "Coco-nuts are good things,
but before filling the canoe with them it would be wise to reconnoitre
and see if the island does not produce some substance not less useful.
Fresh vegetables would be welcome on board the Nautilus."
"Master is right," replied Conseil; "and I propose to reserve three
places in our vessel, one for fruits, the other for vegetables, and the
third for the venison, of which I have not yet seen the smallest
specimen."
"Conseil, we must not despair," said the Canadian.
"Let us continue," I returned, "and lie in wait. Although the island
seems uninhabited, it might still contain some individuals that would
be less hard than we on the nature of game."
"Ho! ho!" said Ned Land, moving his jaws significantly.
"Well, Ned!" said Conseil.
"My word!" returned the Canadian, "I begin to understand the charms of
anthropophagy."
"Ned! Ned! what are you saying? You, a man-eater? I should not feel
safe with you, especially as I share your cabin. I might perhaps wake
one day to find myself half devoured."

"I would not trust you," replied Conseil. "But enough. We must
absolutely bring down some game to satisfy this cannibal, or else one
of these fine mornings, master will find only pieces of his servant to
serve him."
While we were talking thus, we were penetrating the sombre arches of
the forest, and for two hours we surveyed it in all directions.
Chance rewarded our search for eatable vegetables, and one of the most
useful products of the tropical zones furnished us with precious food
that we missed on board. I would speak of the bread-fruit tree, very
abundant in the island of Gilboa; and I remarked chiefly the variety
destitute of seeds, which bears in Malaya the name of "rima."
Ned Land knew these fruits well. He had already eaten many during his
numerous voyages, and he knew how to prepare the eatable substance.
Moreover, the sight of them excited him, and he could contain himself
no longer.
"Master," he said, "I shall die if I do not taste a little of this
bread-fruit pie."
"Taste it, friend Ned--taste it as you want. We are here to make
experiments--make them."
"It won't take long," said the Canadian.
 During this time, Conseil and I chose the best
fruits of the bread-fruit.  Others, the greater number yellow and gelatinous, waited
only to be picked.
These fruits enclosed no kernel. Conseil brought a dozen to Ned Land,
who placed them on a coal fire, after having cut them in thick slices,
and while doing this repeating:
"You will see, master, how good this bread is. More so when one has
been deprived of it so long. It is not even bread," added he, "but a
delicate pastry. You have eaten none, master?"
"No, Ned."
"Very well, prepare yourself for a juicy thing. If you do not come for
more, I am no longer the king of harpooners."
After some minutes, the part of the fruits that was exposed to the fire
was completely roasted. The interior looked like a white pasty, a sort
of soft crumb, the flavour of which was like that of an artichoke.
It must be confessed this bread was excellent, and I ate of it with
great relish.
"What time is it now?" asked the Canadian.
"Two o'clock at least," replied Conseil.
"How time flies on firm ground!" sighed Ned Land.
"Let us be off," replied Conseil.
We returned through the forest, and completed our collection by a raid
upon the cabbage-palms, that we gathered from the tops of the trees,
little beans that I recognised as the "abrou" of the Malays, and yams
of a superior quality.
We were loaded when we reached the boat. But Ned Land did not find his
provisions sufficient. Fate, however, favoured us. Just as we were
pushing off, he perceived several trees, from twenty-five to thirty
feet high, a species of palm-tree.
At last, at five o'clock in the evening, loaded with our riches, we
quitted the shore, and half an hour after we hailed the Nautilus. No
one appeared on our arrival. The enormous iron-plated cylinder seemed
deserted. The provisions embarked, I descended to my chamber, and
after supper slept soundly.
The next day, 6th January, nothing new on board. Not a sound inside,
not a sign of life. The boat rested along the edge, in the same place
in which we had left it. We resolved to return to the island. Ned
Land hoped to be more fortunate than on the day before with regard to
the hunt, and wished to visit another part of the forest.
At dawn we set off. The boat, carried on by the waves that flowed to
shore, reached the island in a few minutes.
We landed, and, thinking that it was better to give in to the Canadian,
we followed Ned Land, whose long limbs threatened to distance us. He
wound up the coast towards the west: then, fording some torrents, he
gained the high plain that was bordered with admirable forests. Some
kingfishers were rambling along the water-courses, but they would not
let themselves be approached. Their circumspection proved to me that
these birds knew what to expect from bipeds of our species, and I
concluded that, if the island was not inhabited, at least human beings
occasionally frequented it.
After crossing a rather large prairie, we arrived at the skirts of a
little wood that was enlivened by the songs and flight of a large
number of birds.
"There are only birds," said Conseil.
"But they are eatable," replied the harpooner.
"I do not agree with you, friend Ned, for I see only parrots there."

"And," I added, "this bird, suitably prepared, is worth knife and fork."
Indeed, under the thick foliage of this wood, a world of parrots were
flying from branch to branch, only needing a careful education to speak
the human language. For the moment, they were chattering with parrots
of all colours, and grave cockatoos, who seemed to meditate upon some
philosophical problem, whilst brilliant red lories passed like a piece
of bunting carried away by the breeze, papuans, with the finest azure
colours, and in all a variety of winged things most charming to behold,
but few eatable.
However, a bird peculiar to these lands, and which has never passed the
limits of the Arrow and Papuan islands, was wanting in this collection.
But fortune reserved it for me before long.
After passing through a moderately thick copse, we found a plain
obstructed with bushes. I saw then those magnificent birds, the
disposition of whose long feathers obliges them to fly against the
wind. Their undulating flight, graceful aerial curves, and the shading
of their colours, attracted and charmed one's looks. I had no trouble
in recognising them.
"Birds of paradise!" I exclaimed.
The Malays, who carry on a great trade in these birds with the Chinese,
have several means that we could not employ for taking them. Sometimes
they put snares on the top of high trees that the birds of paradise
prefer to frequent. Sometimes they catch them with a viscous birdlime
that paralyses their movements. They even go so far as to poison the
fountains that the birds generally drink from. But we were obliged to
fire at them during flight, which gave us few chances to bring them
down; and, indeed, we vainly exhausted one half our ammunition.
About eleven o'clock in the morning, the first range of mountains that
form the centre of the island was traversed, and we had killed nothing.
Hunger drove us on. The hunters had relied on the products of the
chase, and they were wrong. Happily Conseil, to his great surprise,
made a double shot and secured breakfast.  While these
interesting birds were cooking, Ned prepared the fruit of the
bread-tree. Then the wood-pigeons were devoured to the bones, and
declared excellent. The nutmeg, with which they are in the habit of
stuffing their crops, flavours their flesh and renders it delicious
eating.
"Now, Ned, what do you miss now?"
"Some four-footed game, M. Aronnax. All these pigeons are only
side-dishes and trifles; and until I have killed an animal with cutlets
I shall not be content."
"Nor I, Ned, if I do not catch a bird of paradise."
"Let us continue hunting," replied Conseil. "Let us go towards the
sea. We have arrived at the first declivities of the mountains, and I
think we had better regain the region of forests."
That was sensible advice, and was followed out. After walking for one
hour we had attained a forest of sago-trees. Some inoffensive serpents
glided away from us. The birds of paradise fled at our approach, and
truly I despaired of getting near one when Conseil, who was walking in
front, suddenly bent down, uttered a triumphal cry, and came back to me
bringing a magnificent specimen.
"Ah! bravo, Conseil!"
"Master is very good."
"No, my boy; you have made an excellent stroke. Take one of these
living birds, and carry it in your hand."
"If master will examine it, he will see that I have not deserved great
merit."
"Why, Conseil?"
"Because this bird is as drunk as a quail."
"Drunk!"
"Yes, sir; drunk with the nutmegs that it devoured under the
nutmeg-tree, under which I found it. See, friend Ned, see the
monstrous effects of intemperance!"
"By Jove!" exclaimed the Canadian, "because I have drunk gin for two
months, you must needs reproach me!"
However, I examined the curious bird. Conseil was right. The bird,
drunk with the juice, was quite powerless. It could not fly; it could
hardly walk.
This bird belonged to the most beautiful of the eight species that are
found in Papua and in the neighbouring islands. It was the "large
emerald bird, the most rare kind." It measured three feet in length.
Its head was comparatively small, its eyes placed near the opening of
the beak, and also small. But the shades of colour were beautiful,
having a yellow beak, brown feet and claws, nut-coloured wings with
purple tips, pale yellow at the back of the neck and head, and emerald
colour at the throat, chestnut on the breast and belly. Two horned,
downy nets rose from below the tail, that prolonged the long light
feathers of admirable fineness, and they completed the whole of this
marvellous bird, that the natives have poetically named the "bird of
the sun."
But if my wishes were satisfied by the possession of the bird of
paradise, the Canadian's were not yet. Happily, about two o'clock, Ned
Land brought down a magnificent hog; from the brood of those the
natives call "bari-outang." The animal came in time for us to procure
real quadruped meat, and he was well received. Ned Land was very proud
of his shot. The hog, hit by the electric ball, fell stone dead. The
Canadian skinned and cleaned it properly, after having taken half a
dozen cutlets, destined to furnish us with a grilled repast in the
evening. Then the hunt was resumed, which was still more marked by Ned
and Conseil's exploits.
Indeed, the two friends, beating the bushes, roused a herd of kangaroos
that fled and bounded along on their elastic paws. But these animals
did not take to flight so rapidly but what the electric capsule could
stop their course.
"Ah, Professor!" cried Ned Land, who was carried away by the delights
of the chase, "what excellent game, and stewed, too! What a supply for
the Nautilus! Two! three! five down!
I think that, in the excess of his joy, the Canadian, if he had not
talked so much, would have killed them all. But he contented himself
with a single dozen of these interesting marsupians. These animals
were small. They were a species of those "kangaroo rabbits" that live
habitually in the hollows of trees, and whose speed is extreme; but
they are moderately fat, and furnish, at least, estimable food. We
were very satisfied with the results of the hunt. Happy Ned proposed
to return to this enchanting island the next day, for he wished to
depopulate it of all the eatable quadrupeds. But he had reckoned
without his host.
At six o'clock in the evening we had regained the shore; our boat was
moored to the usual place. The Nautilus, like a long rock, emerged
from the waves two miles from the beach. Ned Land, without waiting,
occupied himself about the important dinner business. He understood
all about cooking well. The "bari-outang," grilled on the coals, soon
scented the air with a delicious odour.
Indeed, the dinner was excellent. Two wood-pigeons completed this
extraordinary menu. The sago pasty, the artocarpus bread, some
mangoes, half a dozen pineapples, and the liquor fermented from some
coco-nuts, overjoyed us. I even think that my worthy companions' ideas
had not all the plainness desirable.
"Suppose we do not return to the Nautilus this evening?" said Conseil.
"Suppose we never return?" added Ned Land.
Just then a stone fell at our feet and cut short the harpooner's
proposition.
CHAPTER XXI
CAPTAIN NEMO'S THUNDERBOLT
We looked at the edge of the forest without rising, my hand stopping in
the action of putting it to my mouth, Ned Land's completing its office.
"Stones do not fall from the sky," remarked Conseil, "or they would
merit the name aerolites."
A second stone, carefully aimed, that made a savoury pigeon's leg fall
from Conseil's hand, gave still more weight to his observation. We all
three arose, shouldered our guns, and were ready to reply to any attack.
"Are they apes?" cried Ned Land.
"Very nearly--they are savages."
"To the boat!" I said, hurrying to the sea.
It was indeed necessary to beat a retreat, for about twenty natives
armed with bows and slings appeared on the skirts of a copse that
masked the horizon to the right, hardly a hundred steps from us.
Our boat was moored about sixty feet from us. The savages approached
us, not running, but making hostile demonstrations. Stones and arrows
fell thickly.
Ned Land had not wished to leave his provisions; and, in spite of his
imminent danger, his pig on one side and kangaroos on the other, he
went tolerably fast. In two minutes we were on the shore. To load the
boat with provisions and arms, to push it out to sea, and ship the
oars, was the work of an instant. We had not gone two cable-lengths,
when a hundred savages, howling and gesticulating, entered the water up
to their waists. I watched to see if their apparition would attract
some men from the Nautilus on to the platform. But no.
Twenty minutes later we were on board. The panels were open. After
making the boat fast, we entered into the interior of the Nautilus.
I descended to the drawing-room, from whence I heard some chords.
Captain Nemo was there, bending over his organ, and plunged in a
musical ecstasy.
"Captain!"
He did not hear me.
"Captain!" I said, touching his hand.
He shuddered, and, turning round, said, "Ah! it is you, Professor?
Well, have you had a good hunt, have you botanised successfully?"
"Yes Captain; but we have unfortunately brought a troop of bipeds,
whose vicinity troubles me."
"What bipeds?"
"Savages."
"Savages!" he echoed, ironically. "So you are astonished, Professor,
at having set foot on a strange land and finding savages? Savages!
external_link5_text


qgam: Smooth Additive Quantile Regression Models
Smooth additive quantile regression models, fitted using
the methods of Fasiolo et al. (2017) <arXiv:1707.03307>. Differently from
'quantreg', the smoothing parameters are estimated automatically by marginal
loss minimization, while the regression coefficients are estimated using either
PIRLS or Newton algorithm. The learning rate is determined so that the Bayesian
credible intervals of the estimated effects have approximately the correct
coverage. The main function is qgam() which is similar to gam() in 'mgcv', but
fits non-parametric quantile regression models.
| Version: |
1.2.2 |
| Depends: |
mgcv (≥ 1.8-23) |
| Imports: |
shiny, plyr, doParallel, parallel, grDevices |
| Suggests: |
knitr, MASS, RhpcBLASctl, testthat |
| Published: |
2018-05-28 |
| Author: |
Matteo Fasiolo [aut, cre],
Simon N. Wood [ctb],
Yannig Goude [ctb],
Raphael Nedellec [ctb] |
| Maintainer: |
Matteo Fasiolo <matteo.fasiolo at gmail.com> |
| License: |
GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: |
yes |
| Citation: |
qgam citation info |
| CRAN checks: |
qgam results |
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=qgam
to link to this page.


What are Salmon Cookies?
Pat has developed a recipe for a coffee-time confection called Salmon Cookies.
They're cookies made into the shape of a salmon, and are actually made with salmon
They are the ideal match for a steaming cup of coffee on a gray Seattle morning. Or gray Seattle afternoon.
Locations
First and Pike
(XXX)-XXX-XXXX
Daily 6am-8pm
SeaTac Airport
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Daily 6am-8pm
Seattle Center
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Daily 6am-8pm
Capitol Hill
(XXX)-XXX-XXXX
Daily 6am-8pm
Alki
(XXX)-XXX-XXXX
Daily 6am-8pm


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Wellesley College | Computer Science | American Studies
Bienvenidos!Hi there! I'm Ana. I am a born and bred California girl and current a sophomore at Wellesley. I am interested in the applications of data science and analysis and the ways in which I can apply my technical skills for social good. I am currently a member of Prof. Mustafaraj's CRED Research Lab and am developing exploratory data analysis (EDA) systems that can be used to evaluate the credibility of online sources on the Web in the age of "Fake News". For my resume, click the button below.
ResumeAs a proud Latina and first-generation American, I am not driven by success but by tackling the racial and socioeconomic inequities that have plagued my community.
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As a member of Zeta Aplha, Wellesley's Liteary Society, I am an avid reader. Some of my favorite writers are Junot Díaz, Sandra Cisneros, Gloria Anzaldúa, Angela Davis, and Toni Morrison.


Pyclaw Input/Output Package¶
Pyclaw supports the following input and output formats:
Each module contains two main routines read_<format> and write_<format> which Solution can call with the appropriate <format>. In order to create a new file I/O extension the calling signature must match
read_<format>(solution,frame,path,file_prefix,write_aux,options)
- where the the inputs are
Input: - solution - (Solution) Pyclaw object to be output
- frame - (int) Frame number
- path - (string) Root path
- file_prefix - (string) Prefix for the file name.
- write_aux - (bool) Boolean controlling whether the associated auxiliary array should be written out.
- options - (dict) Optional argument dictionary
and
write_<format>(solution,frame,path,file_prefix,write_aux,options)
- where the inputs are
Input: - solution - (Solution) Pyclaw object to be output
- frame - (int) Frame number
- path - (string) Root path
- file_prefix - (string) Prefix for the file name.
- write_aux - (bool) Boolean controlling whether the associated auxiliary array should be written out.
- options - (dict) Optional argument dictionary.
Note that both allow for an options dictionary that is format specific and should be documented thoroughly. For examples of this usage, see the HDF5 and NetCDF modules.
HDF5 and NetCDF support require installed libraries in order to work, please see the respective modules for details on how to obtain and install the libraries needed.
Note
Pyclaw automatically detects the availability of HDF5 and NetCDF file support and will warn you if you try and use them without the proper libraries.
pyclaw.io.ascii¶
Routines for reading and writing an ascii output file
- pyclaw.io.ascii.read(solution, frame, path='./', file_prefix='fort', read_aux=False, options={})¶
Read in a frame of ascii formatted files, and enter the data into the solution object.
This routine reads the ascii formatted files corresponding to the classic clawpack format ‘fort.txxxx’, ‘fort.qxxxx’, and ‘fort.axxxx’ or ‘fort.aux’ Note that the fort prefix can be changed.
Input: - solution - (Solution) Solution object to read the data into.
- frame - (int) Frame number to be read in
- path - (string) Path to the current directory of the file
- file_prefix - (string) Prefix of the files to be read in. default = 'fort'
- read_aux (bool) Whether or not an auxillary file will try to be read in. default = False
- options - (dict) Dictionary of optional arguments dependent on the format being read in. default = {}
- pyclaw.io.ascii.read_array(f, state, num_var)¶
Read in an array from an ASCII output file f.
The variable q here may in fact refer to q or to aux.
This routine supports the possibility that the values q[:,i,j,k] (for a fixed i,j,k) have been split over multiple lines, because some packages write just 4 values per line. For Clawpack 6.0, we plan to make all packages write q[:,i,j,k] on a single line. This routine can then be simplified.
- pyclaw.io.ascii.read_t(frame, path='./', file_prefix='fort')¶
Read only the fort.t file and return the data
Input: - frame - (int) Frame number to be read in
- path - (string) Path to the current directory of the file
- file_prefix - (string) Prefix of the files to be read in. default = 'fort'
Output: - (list) List of output variables
- t - (int) Time of frame
- num_eqn - (int) Number of equations in the frame
- nstates - (int) Number of states
- num_aux - (int) Auxillary value in the frame
- num_dim - (int) Number of dimensions in q and aux
- pyclaw.io.ascii.write(solution, frame, path, file_prefix='fort', write_aux=False, options={}, write_p=False)¶
Write out ascii data file
Write out an ascii file formatted identical to the fortran clawpack files including writing out fort.t, fort.q, and fort.aux if necessary. Note that there are some parameters that assumed to be the same for every patch in this format which is not necessarily true for the actual data objects. Make sure that if you use this output format that all of you patchs share the appropriate values of num_dim, num_eqn, num_aux, and t. Only supports up to 3 dimensions.
Input: - solution - (Solution) Pyclaw object to be output.
- frame - (int) Frame number
- path - (string) Root path
- file_prefix - (string) Prefix for the file name. default = 'fort'
- write_aux - (bool) Boolean controlling whether the associated auxiliary array should be written out. default = False
- options - (dict) Dictionary of optional arguments dependent on the format being written. default = {}
- pyclaw.io.ascii.write_array(f, patch, q)¶
Write a single array to output file f as ASCII text.
The variable q here may in fact refer to q or to aux.
pyclaw.io.hdf5¶
Routines for reading and writing a HDF5 output file
- This module reads and writes hdf5 files via either of the following modules:
- h5py - http://code.google.com/p/h5py/ PyTables - http://www.pytables.org/moin
It will first try h5py and then PyTables and use the correct calls according to whichever is present on the system. We recommend that you use h5py as it is a minimal wrapper to the HDF5 library.
- To install either, you must also install the hdf5 library from the website:
- http://www.hdfgroup.org/HDF5/release/obtain5.html
- pyclaw.io.hdf5.read(solution, frame, path='./', file_prefix='claw', read_aux=True, options={})¶
Read in a HDF5 file into a Solution
Input: - solution - (Solution) Pyclaw object to be output
- frame - (int) Frame number
- path - (string) Root path
- file_prefix - (string) Prefix for the file name. default = 'claw'
- write_aux - (bool) Boolean controlling whether the associated auxiliary array should be written out. default = False
- options - (dict) Optional argument dictionary, unused for reading.
- pyclaw.io.hdf5.write(solution, frame, path, file_prefix='claw', write_aux=False, options={}, write_p=False)¶
Write out a Solution to a HDF5 file.
Input: - solution - (Solution) Pyclaw solution object to input into
- frame - (int) Frame number
- path - (string) Root path
- file_prefix - (string) Prefix for the file name. default = 'claw'
- write_aux - (bool) Boolean controlling whether the associated auxiliary array should be written out. default = False
- options - (dict) Optional argument dictionary, see HDF5 Option Table
Key Value compression (None, string [“gzip” | “lzf” | “szip”] or int 0-9) Enable dataset compression. DEFLATE, LZF and (where available) SZIP are supported. An integer is interpreted as a GZIP level for backwards compatibility. compression_opts (None, or special value) Setting for compression filter; legal values for each filter type are:
gzip - (int) 0-9
lzf - None allowed
- szip - (tuple) 2-tuple (‘ec’|’nn’, even integer
0-32)
See the filters module for a detailed description of each of these filters.
chunks (None, True or shape tuple) Store the dataset in chunked format. Automatically selected if any of the other keyword options are given. If you don’t provide a shape tuple, the library will guess one for you. shuffle (True/False) Enable/disable data shuffling, which can improve compression performance. Automatically enabled when compression is used. fletcher32 (True/False) Enable Fletcher32 error detection; may be used with or without compression.
pyclaw.io.netcdf¶
Routines for reading and writing a NetCDF output file
- Routines for reading and writing a NetCDF output file via either
- netcdf4-python - http://code.google.com/p/netcdf4-python/
- pupynere - http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pupynere/
These interfaces are very similar so if a different module needs to be used, it can more than likely be inserted with a minimal of effort.
This module will first try to import the netcdf4-python module which is based on the compiled libraries and failing that will attempt to import the pure python interface pupynere which requires no libraries.
- To install the netCDF 4 library, please see:
- http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/
| Authors: | Kyle T. Mandli (2009-02-17) Initial version |
|---|
- pyclaw.io.netcdf.read(solution, frame, path='./', file_prefix='claw', read_aux=True, options={})¶
Read in a NetCDF data files into solution
Input: - solution - (Solution) Pyclaw object to be output
- frame - (int) Frame number
- path - (string) Root path
- file_prefix - (string) Prefix for the file name. default = 'claw'
- write_aux - (bool) Boolean controlling whether the associated auxiliary array should be written out. default = False
- options - (dict) Optional argument dictionary, unused for reading.
- pyclaw.io.netcdf.write(solution, frame, path, file_prefix='claw', write_aux=False, options={}, write_p=False)¶
Write out a NetCDF data file representation of solution
Input: - solution - (Solution) Pyclaw object to be output
- frame - (int) Frame number
- path - (string) Root path
- file_prefix - (string) Prefix for the file name. default = 'claw'
- write_aux - (bool) Boolean controlling whether the associated auxiliary array should be written out. default = False
- options - (dict) Optional argument dictionary, see NetCDF Option Table
Key Value description Dictionary of key/value pairs that will be attached to the root group as attributes, i.e. {‘time’:3} format Can be one of the following netCDF flavors: NETCDF3_CLASSIC, NETCDF3_64BIT, NETCDF4_CLASSIC, and NETCDF4 default = NETCDF4 clobber if True (Default), file will be overwritten, if False an exception will be raised zlib if True, data assigned to the Variable instance is compressed on disk. default = False complevel the level of zlib compression to use (1 is the fastest, but poorest compression, 9 is the slowest but best compression). Ignored if zlib=False. default = 6 shuffle if True, the HDF5 shuffle filter is applied to improve compression. Ignored if zlib=False. default = True fletcher32 if True (default False), the Fletcher32 checksum algorithm is used for error detection. contiguous if True (default False), the variable data is stored contiguously on disk. Setting to True for a variable with an unlimited dimension will trigger an error. default = False chunksizes Can be used to specify the HDF5 chunksizes for each dimension of the variable. A detailed discussion of HDF chunking and I/O performance is available here. Basically, you want the chunk size for each dimension to match as closely as possible the size of the data block that users will read from the file. chunksizes cannot be set if contiguous=True. least_significant_digit If specified, variable data will be truncated (quantized). In conjunction with zlib=True this produces ‘lossy’, but significantly more efficient compression. For example, if least_significant_digit=1, data will be quantized using around (scale*data)/scale, where scale = 2**bits, and bits is determined so that a precision of 0.1 is retained (in this case bits=4). default = None, or no quantization. endian Can be used to control whether the data is stored in little or big endian format on disk. Possible values are little, big or native (default). The library will automatically handle endian conversions when the data is read, but if the data is always going to be read on a computer with the opposite format as the one used to create the file, there may be some performance advantage to be gained by setting the endian-ness. fill_value If specified, the default netCDF _FillValue (the value that the variable gets filled with before any data is written to it) is replaced with this value. If fill_value is set to False, then the variable is not pre-filled. Note
The zlib, complevel, shuffle, fletcher32, contiguous, chunksizes and endian keywords are silently ignored for netCDF 3 files that do not use HDF5.


Ukrainian FA Defend Decision To Ban Player For Reacting To Racial Abuse
by Gary ConnaughtonThe issue of racism in football continues to rear its ugly head, with a new incident seemingly making its way into the public realm on a weekly basis. The latest incident came from Ukraine, with Shakhtar Donetsk's Taison the subject of the abuse.
The Brazilian was playing in a league game against Dynamo Kiev when he was targeted by members of the opposition support. He reacted in an understandably angry manner, gesturing to the crowd and booting the ball into the stand.
Remarkably, the player was sent off for his response.
Taison would go on to to be hit with a one game ban by the Ukrainian FA, a decision that was widely condemned. A member of the organisation has now come out to defend the punishment.
Igor Gryshchuk, secretary of control and disciplinary committee of the Ukrainian Association of Football, was speaking to Ukrainian television when he made these comments (h/t The Independent):
Why it was important to hold the player accountable for such behaviour? Because the gesture... was also broadcast on TV.
We understand that the player addressed it to the stalls only and to the fans who expressed certain emotions against him – but those who watched the game on TV, including the children, could not perceive the gesture in a proper way.
In any case, this behaviour and reaction deserved a red card, referee did a right thing when he used it, in our opinion. That’s why the player had to be held accountable...
Regular punishment for such an action, for such gestures is a three-match ban. But taking into account all circumstances of the case, all mitigating circumstances, addresses by our colleagues from the FIFPro and that this behaviour was provoked by fans’ racist chants, we used the mildest sanction.
The move had been slammed by FIFPro, who said "sanctioning a victim of racial abuse is beyond comprehension and it plays into the hands of those who promote this kind of disgraceful behaviour."


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--- layout: page title: About date: 2017-06-19 15:55:48.000000000 +07:00 type: page parent_id: '0' published: false password: '' status: publish categories: [] tags: [] meta: _headstart_post: _hs_front_page sharing_disabled: a:1:{i:0;i:1;} switch_like_status: a:1:{i:0;i:1;} _wpas_skip_all_services: '1' _publicize_pending: '1' _thumbnail_id: '15' author: login: nemopear email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: nemopear first_name: NUTCHAYA last_name: VORAYINGYONG permalink: "/about/" excerpt: This is just a short excerpt for the about page. ---
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--- layout: page title: MakanFest 2017 ---
UIUC Singapore Students Association proudly presents Makanfest 2017, our annual food festival where we bring to you delicacies from our Garden City. Food is a huge part of Singaporean culture, and what better way to learn more about it than to taste it! Along with us are the Indonesian and Vietnamese Student's Associations, each featuring a local dish to give you a glimpse of the amazing food in South East Asia.
Tickets will be available for pre-purchase (with special discounts, of course) and at the event itself. Stay tuned for more updates!
Find out more here!


{% extends "MATOM/home.html" %} {% load staticfiles %}
The raw data from this analysis can be downloaded from the following links:


Food Corner
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{{ food.price | currency}}
Get Details
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Your Order
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7.5%
Your Total
{{total | currency}}
Pay
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Smiles at NYBP 4th anniversary celebration
New York Beer Project marked its fourth birthday with a full weekend of festivities, beginning with a beer collaboration with Perry's Ice Cream and continuing with a show by Dueling Pianos, both on Friday, Nov. 15, 2019, in Lockport. The party continues all day Saturday and with a champagne brunch and Bills game gathering on Sunday.
16 Nov 2019, 05:00
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Game Description:
You will be given a random number at the start of the game.
There are four crystals below. By clicking on a crystal you will add a specific amount of points to your total score.
You win the game by matching your points to the random number, you lose the game if your total score goes above the random number.
The value of each crystal is hidden.
When the game starts, the the values of each crystal will change.


405410013 YAY INT ER NET Adopt A Dog And We'll Reveal A Deep Truth About You This is your pupper of truth.


This is an example for the datatype change of the @class attribute in XHTML 1.1 (EPUB 2).
After the latest revision of the XHTML 1.1 DTD in 2010 the @class attribute allows for empty values.
At the time of this writing, oXygen will report this as invalid because they also use an outdated version of the XHTML 1.1 DTD for validation. However, this will be fixed in a future release.


The Matrix (1999) Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Hugo Weaving, Gloria Foster, Joe Pantoliano, Marcus Chong, Paul Goddard, Robert Taylor, Julian Arahanga, Matt Doran, Belinda McClory, Anthony Ray Parker. Music by Don Davis. Cinematography by Bill Pope. Written and directed by Andy Wachowski and Larry Wachowski. 136 minutes. Rated R, 3.5 stars (out of five stars)
Review by Ed Johnson-Ott, NUVO Newsweekly www.nuvo-online.com Archive reviews at http://us.imdb.com/M/reviews_by?Edward+Johnson-ott To receive reviews by e-mail at no charge, send subscription requests to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Surreal and visually dazzling, "The Matrix" is one hearty bowl of sci-fi goulash. Andy and Larry Wachowski, the brothers behind the sultry lesbian gangster flick, "Bound," incorporate everything from John Woo-style operatic violence to "Alice in Wonderland" trippiness in this bleak-chic extravaganza.  Besides, any filmmakers who can create a story that logically incorporates the superhuman fighting techniques from contemporary Hong Kong action movies, the freeze-frame, pivoting-camera special effect popularized by the swing-dance "Gap" ad, and the chronically dazed look on Keanu Reeves' face, are all right in my book.
Like last year's "Dark City," "The Matrix" explores the very nature of reality. "Dark City" is a better film, more successfully creating and maintaining a quasi dream state, but "The Matrix" offers plenty of its own rewards. With movies like these, it's best to enter the theater with no advance knowledge and just let the story flow over you, but since feature length mind-fucks aren't everyone's cup of tea, I'll run down the basic set-up, if only for the benefit of your date.
(SPOILER ALERT: Reveals significant plot points) Thomas Anderson (Reeves) is a clean-cut computer programmer working for a software corporation in 1999, but the young man leads a secret life. As a hacker called Neo, he seeks to ease his nagging discomfort with the way his life feels by searching for truth on the ominous fringes of the Internet. Moments before the authorities close in, his online mentor Morpheus (Laurence Fishburne) urges him to "Follow the white rabbit" if he wishes to avoid arrest. Spotting a tattoo of a rabbit on the arm of a young rebel, Neo joins her in a wild flight from the Men in Black that leads to a shattering revelation.
Neo's existence is a lie, a virtual reality construct devised by a race of sentient machines to control mankind. In the distant future, the remnants of humanity are kept in fluid pods, with fabricated lives piped into their brains. The retro 1999 setting is but a comforting illusion, reflecting the last year before the beginning of the fall of our culture. In the new millennium, the human race fought, and lost, a long, horrific war with the artificial intelligence they created. The machines now use people as a power source, and the Matrix is the mechanism to control their crop of souls.
But Morpheus, one of the few remaining free human rebels, has been to the Oracle and believes Neo to be "The One," the messiah who will bring salvation. Freed from his pod, Neo joins Morpheus and his followers in their small ship and undergoes training. He must learn to discard all notions of physical limitations in order to plug in and fight the machines on the virtual battlefield of metropolitan 1999. But the Sentient Agents, led by the sadistic Smith (Hugo Weaving), have their own agenda. Using superior intelligence, they will capture the band of warriors and snuff out the organic rebellion once and for all (END SPOILERS).
The Wachowski boys do a dandy job of making this hooey seem more meaningful than it is by deftly working in overtly religious references, general undertones of mysticism and loads of technobabble. Thankfully, they throw in some humor as well. The story works because the heroes, while sketchily drawn, are just distinct enough, and the bad guys are deliciously nasty. As Agent Smith, Hugo Weaving is a wicked delight, over- enunciating as he spits out diatribes about mankind.
But style is the real star of "The Matrix" and the film's powerhouse combination of grinding music and phenomenal visuals more than make up for the soggy plot that goes on a few minutes longer than it should. The cast, decked out in way-cool sunglasses, black leather and trenchcoats (even in virtual reality, fashion counts), employ a dizzying array of gravity-defying gymnastics and martial-arts moves, unlike anything ever seen in an American film. In addition to the aforementioned flow-frame shots and some unusual morphing effects, the filmmakers use high-speed photography, enhanced by computer, to depict characters running up walls, delivering impossibly fast punches and kicks, and making incredible leaps, sometimes stopping or shifting in mid-air. "The Matrix" is absolutely the best live-action realization of comic-book sensibilities to date. You may get a headache trying to decipher the ponderous storyline, but the amazing imagery will likely soothe your pain.
© 1999 Ed Johnson-Ott
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Wine Collection App
Built a collection app with view, add and delete features using PHP, SQL, HTML and CSS.
Built a collection app with view, add and delete features using PHP, SQL, HTML and CSS.
Developed a pairs game with Mayden cohort using, HTML, CSS, JS and jQuery.
My name is Chris Tregaskis. I may be HALF Filipino.. but I am FULL stack qualified!
I spent most of 2019 with my kids as a stay at home dad. During this time, explored a career change. After watching a friend attempt to build an idea of mine through javaScript, I got absolutely encapsulated with code! I preceded to dabble in different coding languages like python, javaScript, HTML and CSS and loved it! I am now attending the amazing Mayden Full Stack course and enjoying every moment. I'm looking forward to showing off what I learn here and continuing to developing it over the future.


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Utility giving the property of a file to a user for further use by FBBDOS. The syntax is of the type: SETUSER callsign filename. The command "SETUSER F6FBB TOTO" will allow F6FBB, and him only, to modify or delete the file TOTO. This page was last updated


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This is a simple demonstration rainbow/arc application that plots values of
z <- z2 + c
for complex numbers z
and c
.
This formula is the one used to generate the Mandelbrot fractal.
Here is the code to generate the plot:
(def plot (plt c) (with (z 0.0+0.0i n 0 repeats 0) (while (and (small z) (< n 8000) (< repeats 1000)) (assign n (+ n 1) z (+ c (* z z)) repeats (if (apply plt (complex-parts z)) (+ repeats 1) 0)))))
I've used (assign n (+ n 1))
instead of (++ n)
,
and (assign z (+ c (* z z)))
instead of (zap [+ c (* _ _)] z)
,
because ++
and zap
, among other unused but otherwise cool macros,
use atomic
internally, which slows things down awfully.
And it's slow enough already ... (each image is dynamically generated on the server on each request, I haven't got around to
caching yet, and I'm not even sure how)
Discussion on the arc forum or the fnargs blog.
Here are some points to get started with:
Static plots - plot the function for a given point, and its neighbours (the nc
parameter determines neighbour closeness)
Animations - plot the function for a sequence of points along a line from x+iy to x0+iy0. Warning: some animations are very flashy depending on how chaotic the region you are exploring is. Generally, the more frames you use, the slower the animation will be - it's a bunch of png images animated with javascript, so a 1000-frame animation means a web page with 1000 images on it.
Do It Yourself
This application is written using Rainbow, an implementation of Arc in java. You can get rainbow at http://github.com/conanite/rainbow/tree/master. The app uses a BufferedImage to render each image, and ImageIO to convert this into a PNG stream. To run this yourself, download rainbow from github, compile and run it, type
arc> (start-spiral-app)and go to http://localhost:8085/spiral-intro.html (this page, but on your machine). It is known to work on java5 on macosx and ubuntu, and java6 on ubuntu. To run as a daemon process, remember to specify
-Djava.awt.headless=true
.
Portions of this software are copyright (c) Conan Dalton 2008-2009. Permission to use it is granted under the Perl Foundation's Artistic License 2.0. This software is based on and uses software that is copyright (c) Paul Graham and Robert Morris. Permission to use it is granted under the Perl Foundation's Artistic License 2.0. Perl Foundation's Artistic License 2.0


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Audio
Context
Subset
Re-exports
BaseAudioContextSubset
Base
Context
Re-exports
BaseContext
Basic
Playback
State
Re-exports
BasicPlaybackState
Clock
Re-exports
Clock
Context
Re-exports
Context
Context
Latency
Hint
Re-exports
ContextLatencyHint
Context
Options
Re-exports
ContextOptions
Context
Timeout
Event
Re-exports
ContextTimeoutEvent
Delay
Re-exports
Delay
Delay
Options
Re-exports
DelayOptions
Destination
Re-exports
Destination
Draw
Re-exports
Draw
Emitter
Re-exports
Emitter
Emitter
Event
Object
Re-exports
EmitterEventObject
Excluded
From
Base
Audio
Context
Re-exports
ExcludedFromBaseAudioContext
Frequency
Re-exports
Frequency
Frequency
Class
Re-exports
FrequencyClass
Frequency
Unit
Re-exports
FrequencyUnit
Gain
Re-exports
Gain
Input
Node
Re-exports
InputNode
Interval
Timeline
Re-exports
IntervalTimeline
Interval
Timeline
Event
Re-exports
IntervalTimelineEvent
Midi
Re-exports
Midi
Midi
Class
Re-exports
MidiClass
Offline
Re-exports
Offline
Offline
Context
Re-exports
OfflineContext
Output
Node
Re-exports
OutputNode
Param
Re-exports
Param
Param
Options
Re-exports
ParamOptions
Playback
State
Re-exports
PlaybackState
State
Timeline
Re-exports
StateTimeline
State
Timeline
Event
Re-exports
StateTimelineEvent
Ticks
Re-exports
Ticks
Ticks
Class
Re-exports
TicksClass
Time
Re-exports
Time
Time
Class
Re-exports
TimeClass
Timeline
Re-exports
Timeline
Timeline
Event
Re-exports
TimelineEvent
Tone
Audio
Buffer
Re-exports
ToneAudioBuffer
Tone
Audio
Buffers
Re-exports
ToneAudioBuffers
Tone
Audio
Buffers
Url
Map
Re-exports
ToneAudioBuffersUrlMap
Tone
Audio
Node
Re-exports
ToneAudioNode
Tone
Audio
Node
Options
Re-exports
ToneAudioNodeOptions
Transport
Re-exports
Transport
Transport
Time
Re-exports
TransportTime
Transport
Time
Class
Re-exports
TransportTimeClass
connect
Re-exports
connect
connect
Re-exports
connect
connect
Series
Re-exports
connectSeries
connect
Series
Re-exports
connectSeries
db
ToGain
Re-exports
dbToGain
default
Arg
Re-exports
defaultArg
disconnect
Re-exports
disconnect
disconnect
Re-exports
disconnect
ftom
Re-exports
ftom
gain
ToDb
Re-exports
gainToDb
interval
ToFrequency
Ratio
Re-exports
intervalToFrequencyRatio
is
Array
Re-exports
isArray
is
Boolean
Re-exports
isBoolean
is
Defined
Re-exports
isDefined
is
Function
Re-exports
isFunction
is
Note
Re-exports
isNote
is
Number
Re-exports
isNumber
is
Object
Re-exports
isObject
is
String
Re-exports
isString
is
Undef
Re-exports
isUndef
mtof
Re-exports
mtof
options
From
Arguments
Re-exports
optionsFromArguments
Globals
"core/index"
Automation
Event
Base
Audio
Context
Subset
Base
Context
Basic
Playback
State
Clock
Context
Context
Latency
Hint
Context
Options
Context
Timeout
Event
Delay
Delay
Options
Destination
Draw
Emitter
Emitter
Event
Object
Excluded
From
Base
Audio
Context
Frequency
Frequency
Class
Frequency
Unit
Gain
Input
Node
Interval
Timeline
Interval
Timeline
Event
Midi
Midi
Class
Offline
Offline
Context
Output
Node
Param
Param
Options
Playback
State
State
Timeline
State
Timeline
Event
Ticks
Ticks
Class
Time
Time
Class
Timeline
Timeline
Event
Tone
Audio
Buffer
Tone
Audio
Buffers
Tone
Audio
Buffers
Url
Map
Tone
Audio
Node
Tone
Audio
Node
Options
Transport
Transport
Time
Transport
Time
Class
connect
connect
connect
Series
connect
Series
db
ToGain
default
Arg
disconnect
disconnect
ftom
gain
ToDb
interval
ToFrequency
Ratio
is
Array
is
Boolean
is
Defined
is
Function
is
Note
is
Number
is
Object
is
String
is
Undef
mtof
options
From
Arguments
Generated using
TypeDoc