Modern programming languages abstract a lot of low-level details of how our code works. Nonetheless, a good understanding of underlying computer science concepts can help you write better code… and pass technical interviews 😉 Let’s talk about a popular interview question: “What are the differences between a process and a thread?”
I will assume that you have a basic understanding of how a processor works, and how data is stored in memory. In particular, you should be familiar with CPU registers, stack, and heap.
Before we try to make any comparisons, we need to get a solid grasp of relevant terminology.
First, we need to understand what a computer program is.
A computer program is a set of instructions that can be executed by the CPU.
A program is a static entity: it might be an executable file located somewhere in the file system. When you double-click the icon or run a command in the terminal, the program is loaded into RAM, and then it becomes a process.
A process is a program in execution.
So, if you run a program multiple times there will be a few processes running simultaneously, all corresponding to the same program.
Why do we need processes?
Each process contains everything required to run (or restart) the program:
- Address space — an abstraction for all memory available to that process. Address space contains program’s code and data required to run the program (static data, heap, and stack).
- One or more threads of execution (I’ll explain that term in detail later)
- Set of OS resources, for example opened files or network connections
Each process contains a single or multiple threads of execution. If a process has a single thread, only one action can be performed at a time. If a process has multiple threads, it can perform multiple actions at the same time.
A thread is a sequence of instructions that can be executed independently from other code.
A Thread (or a thread of execution) is a sequence of instructions that can be processed by a single CPU core.
Imagine that you are planning a programming conference: you should create a plan of the event: who will be giving talks, what will they be about, and so on (that’s our program). The big day comes, guests arrive and our event is taking place (our process). During the conference, many talks (threads) might happen at the same time.
Threads
Each thread contains all information necessary to execute it’s code. We need to keep track of 1) which part of the program is currently being executed and 2) what is currently stored in memory.
That’s why each thread has its own program counter (a pointer that indicates which instruction will be executed next), CPU registers, and a stack.
Threads within the same process share all other memory segments:
- heap — containing dynamically allocated variables
- text segment — containing program’s code
- data segment — containing global or static variables
Other system resources such as currently opened files are shared as well. If a file is opened, all threads can use it.
Okay, but we didn’t really answer the question — what are the differences between a thread and a process?
The most significant, practical difference is in how processes and threads communicate.
In a multithreaded process, threads share memory. Thus, many threads can access and modify the same memory, which may lead to bugs that are very difficult to find.
Processes don’t share memory in this way, they have to use inter-process communication instead.
Creating a process is fairly resource-intensive. It is generally more efficient to use a single multi-threaded process than to spawn multiple single-threaded processes.
To summarise:
- A process is a program in execution. A thread is a sequence of program’s instructions that can be executed by a single CPU.
- A process might contain many threads. Those threads will share most of memory segments. Threads may access and modify shared memory. Processes use inter-process communication instead.


There is a clear requirement for the user code to be able to control the profiler dynamically at run time. This is normally used for (at least) the purposes of
MPI_PCONTROL(level, ...)
[ IN level] Profiling level
int MPI_Pcontrol(const int level, ...)
MPI_PCONTROL(level)
INTEGER LEVEL, ...
MPI libraries themselves make no use of this routine, and simply return immediately to the user code. However the presence of calls to this routine allows a profiling package to be explicitly called by the user.
Since MPI has no control of the implementation of the profiling code, we are unable to specify precisely the semantics which will be provided by calls to MPI_PCONTROL. This vagueness extends to the number of arguments to the function, and their datatypes.
However to provide some level of portability of user codes to different profiling libraries, we request the following meanings for certain values of level.
The provision of MPI_PCONTROL as a no-op in the standard MPI library allows them to modify their source code to obtain more detailed profiling information, but still be able to link exactly the same code against the standard MPI library.


A keyterm
A list of synonyms, separated by commas
Associated group for the keyterm
{{ plan.boolean_search_query }}


--- layout: newsstory title: News Story match: BSC Yeltz 2 Tamworth 2 ---
Our glorious B'ham Senior Cup run continues with an exciting 2-2 draw against Tamworth.
We were 1-0 down at half-time and shortly after the break had Snapper sent off, presumably for dissent after a foul. This sparked us into action, and goals from Reed and a Cripsy penalty meant we looked like going through, especially as they were also down to 10 men by now. However deep into injury time, they equalised from a retaken free-kick.


Modify me
Personal Info
First name
Pesho
Last name
Peshov
Phone Number
555-333-4545
UCL
9311124003
Team and Position
Support
CRM
Marketing
Development
Other
Team Lead
Regular Employee
Intern
Submit
Reset


THE HAUNTING A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1999 Steve Rhodes RATING (0 TO ****): *
THE HAUNTING stars a large gothic mansion. With eerie old paintings, large human-like sculptures and creepy corridors, the house looks remarkably like Disneyland's Haunted Mansion. The main difference in the two edifices is that Disneyland's is comically frightening, whereas THE HAUNTING's is neither comical nor frightening.
Over-the-top action director Jon de Bont relegates the human stars to minor roles. Since all of their performances are embarrassing, this is perhaps to their advantage. Ironically, de Bont's claim to fame is SPEED. Most of THE HAUNTING appears to be on a quite different drug, Valium. The tedium is more likely to bore you to death than scare you with its expensive special effects. Only in the outlandish last part does the pacing pick up.
The plot for the movie, which is a remake, concerns a deceptive scientist, Dr. Jeffrey Marrow (Liam Neeson), who lures guests to the house on the pretense of doing sleep research on insomniacs. Actually, he's conducting an experiment on the effects of mass hysteria.
The guinea pigs include Theodora (Catherine Zeta-Jones), a glamorous woman who flaunts her bisexuality for no particular purpose other than its minimal shock value, Eleanor Lance (Lili Taylor), a sensitive woman who has spent 11 years caring for her dying mother, and Luke Sannerson (Owen Wilson), a pretty guy who acts like a spaced-out surfer dude.
As the story slowly advances, the house displays some of its charms. In canonical horror movie fashion, doors come alive and spirits move about. Most of the time, however, the movie relies on lots of low base rumbling. These sounds scare the wits out of the cast, but they, of course, are being paid millions to act afraid. The effects on audiences are likely to be profoundly muted.
The movie works only if you can ignore how serious the participants are taking it and assume it must be a parody. The problem with this approach is that it's just not funny.
"This is so twisted, seriously twisted," Theodora says. No Theodora, it isn't, and therein lies the problem. The film is a lame retread of a hundred other similar horror movies, only the budget is larger.
Maybe de Bont should have attempted something more challenging, say a shot-for-shot reconstruction of Gus Van Sant's PSYCHO?
THE HAUNTING runs a long 2:05. It is rated PG-13 for intense horror sequences and would be acceptabe for kids 12 and up.
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Web: http://www.InternetReviews.com
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Event Location:
Università Politecnica delle Marche - Via Pietro Ranieri, 65
Alt. entrance: Via Brecce Bianche 1
Ancona, , Italy
Abstract:
Data Warehousing solutions have become much important and valuable nowadays for BI and BAM (Business activity Monitoring) Solutions to adapt them with rapid data inflation to be to be able to get the needed business decision reports in time thereby DWH solutions are eagerly needed to scale up and speed up generating the needed BAM reports and thus executing needed the business strategies , so I am going to talk about different definitions and terminologies related to DWH with showing out clearly the differences between them , also I will explain how to implement RTDWH (Real Time DWH) for online reporting using SQL Server 2008 Techniques and also DWH solutions for archiving and ETL purposes , realistic DWH examples using Merge commands OF 2008 , 2012 will be exists there to elaborate more clearly the abstracts and objectives of DWH solutions
Speaker(s): Shehab El-Najjar,
Abstract:
If you are able to answer to questions like “How many people use your OLAP solution?”, “How many MDX queries are performed daily on your Analysis Services instances?”, “What is the average response time of an MDX query on your servers?” THIS SESSION IS NOT FOR YOU!!!Otherwise, in this session we will see how is it possible to implement a monitoring tool using resources already available on our servers such as PowerShell, SQL Server Profiler, Reporting Services, and simple XMLA commands.Finally, we will see how further enrich the presented solution providing also the ability to identify the most problematic MDX queries, run performance measures on them and obtain a summary report that identifies any bottlenecks specifying whether they reside in the Storage or Formula Engine of Analysis Services All this in a fully automatic way!The solution presented is currently being used successfully by SolidQ at some customers in Italy.
Speaker(s): Francesco De Chirico,
Abstract:
To reach your desired business functionalities, it can be easy using some common T-SQL practices like MTVF , scalar functions , Temp tables, Union…etc and they might perform pretty well on development server coz neither adequate stress of users or adequate volume of data is exists there but actually they seem totally strange once going to live and they become performing badly ending up with standstill cases sometimes , this is due to lack of stress powers of T-SQL codes which should be considered largely for critical mission DBs so I am going to talk to you about How to capture expensive queries using different techniques ..?and How to optimize them in the shortest time using scientific ways ..? (10 different T-SQL Practices will be analyzed within this session)
Speaker(s): Shehab El-Najjar,
Abstract:
I Trigger sono spesso motivo di discordia tra sviluppatori e DBA, tra chi personalizza una soluzione standard e chi la fornisce, tra clienti e software vendor. Sono spesso i primi imputati quando le performance dell'istanza o del database degradano. Sembrano facili da scrivere, ma scrivere Trigger efficienti non è affatto semplice e quando la loro complessità aumenta, talvolta possono presentare effetti collaterali in grado di confondere persino l'autore. Tuttavia, per quanti difetti possano avere, hanno un pregio dannatamente importante: permettono di risolvere problemi che non potrebbero essere gestiti in qualsiasi altro layer applicativo. Quindi, se non potete farne a meno, non perdete questa sessione in cui parleremo dei trucchi e delle best practices per scriverli e gestirli in modo efficiente.
Speaker(s): Sergio Govoni,
Abstract:
L'acquisto di un server dedicato a SQL Server è ancora un'operazione necessaria. Il cloud è un'ottima scelta ma se dovete creare un datawarehouse di dimensioni non banali o se avete la necessità di avere performance e controllo ottimali del vostro database server di produzione, la scelta del server on-premise è ancora quella vincente.Il problema è quindi: come non buttare via soldi in hardware inutile? In questa sessione vedremo come tutti i componenti concorrono nel formare un hardware bilanciato (questa è la parola chiave!) e senza colli di bottiglia, massimizzando l'investimento fatto. Parlaremo di SAN, CPU, HBA, Fiber Channel, Memoria e tutto quello che pensavate di conoscere bene...
Speaker(s): Davide Mauri,
Abstract:
SQL Server 2014 will bring some new exciting features and enhancements to achieve mission critical performance and to enable more scenarios as a platform for the Hybrid Cloud. With the help of live demos, we will cover all these features with a particular focus on In-Memory OLTP (aka Hekaton).
Speaker(s): Gianluca Hotz,
Abstract:
The SQL Server Data Collector has been around since SQL Server 2008 but a surprisingly high number of DBAs are not using it. It’s free, it ships with the product and it gives great insight into the performance metrics that really matter when monitoring your servers. In this session you will learn how the SQL Server Data Collector works, how to set it up according to the best practices and how to extend it and customize it to fit your needs.
Speaker(s): Gianluca Sartori,
Abstract:
Data Analysis Expressions is the language for the definition of the expressions in PowerPivot. Offers a number of specific features of PowerPivot as many functions for the management of relationships between tables. This session will be introduced PowerPivot, its database columnar and operation of calculated columns and measures listed in DAX. The discussion will cover the DAX syntax, data types, and the set of the most useful functions of language. The aim is to illustrate what can be done using DAX and PowerPivot.
Speaker(s): Marco Pozzan,
Abstract:
Every SQL Server DBA or Developer needs to create some kind of applications: a dashboard for data, a management console, a data-entry tool. Like SQL Server, .NET have evolved over years. Linq and ORM, ASP.NET MVC, Javascript/jQuery, async programming, Azure and the Cloud. I'll present a fast entry to .net and some scenarios and sample applications that a typical SQL Server DBA or Developer can use in his daily work.
Speaker(s): Marco Parenzan,
Abstract:
Panoramica su authentication e authorization su SQL Server. Gestione degli utenti e delle login, ruoli applicativi e ruoli server. Parleremo di schema separation, security chaining e trustworthy.Con l'aiuto di alcuni case study, analizzeremo nel pratico alcune tecniche di separazione dei ruoli a livello database e istanza.
Speaker(s): Giuseppe Zagarrio Francesco Cogno,
Abstract:
We are used to see our code under source control. What about our databases? This topic is too often underestimated. Keeping database under our control (source controlled) brings many advantages in terms of organization and quality. The distributed work become rock solid and Continuous integration is simpler to implement. In addition, we can take many advantages from testing, automated deployment and all the stuff that brings the agile methodology available to the team.
Speaker(s): Alessandro Alpi,
Abstract:
Are you tired to waste your time in a “monkey work” spent in SSIS packages? Are you tired to fight against packages' corrupted metadata and side effects due to abrupt changes in metadata? It's time to get in touch with Biml, a new player in the Microsoft BI realm. We’ll see how Biml can help us in a BI project, automating the ETL packages' development. In particular, we’ll see it in action in the Staging phase of the project.
Speaker(s): Luca Zavarella,
Abstract:
Reporting Services è uno strumento molto potente e permette di creare report anche complessi in breve tempo.  Questa sessione vuole fornire una serie di trucchi e consigli, dettati dall'esperienza diretta sul campo -e da molti caffè-, che si sono rivelati utili a limare tali spigoli.
Speaker(s): Francesco Milano,
Abstract:
The continuing drop in the price of memory has made fast in-memory OLTP increasingly viable. SQL Server 2014 allows you to migrate the most-used tables in an existing database to memory-optimised 'Hekaton' technology, but how you balance between disk tables and in-memory tables for optimum performance requires judgement and experiment. What is this technology, and how can you exploit it? This session will try to explains.
 This session will teach you how to do it, applying best practices and saving time and money! Based upon experience learned using VMWare and hundreds of databases in real world scenario, but adaptable to any virtualized platform.
Speaker(s): Danilo Dominici,
This is a list of speakers from the XML Guidebook records. The details and URLs were valid at the time of the event.
Contact: http://codeisvalue.wordpress.com/
NET developer since 2001 and happy SQL Server user. Consultant and trainer in University and companies. Speaker in local Pordenone (Italy) user group 1nn0va (http://www.innovazionefvg.net/) and organizer of SQLSaturday #176.
LinkedIn: http://it.linkedin.com/pub/gianluca-sartori/23/50b/a12
Contact: http://spaghettidba.com
Gianluca Sartori is a Data Platform MVP, independent consultant and performance tuning specialist. He has been working in the software industry since 1999 and has been working with SQL Server ever since. He also works as a SQL Server trainer and in his spare time he writes technical articles and participates the SQL Server forums. Gianluca enjoys presenting SQL Server topics at conferences in Europe and in Italy in particular. He is currently working as lead DBA at a famous Formula 1 team.
Danilo Dominici, lavora con SQL Server sin dalla versione 6.5. Si occupa principalmente di progettazione, implementazione ed ottimizzazione architetturale, monitoring e performance tuning. Alterna le attivit#224; di consulenza a quelle di formatore, speaker ed autore. Microsoft Certified Trainer dal 2000 e SQL Server MVP dal 2014, #232; anche co-leader del PASS Global Italian Virtual Chapter, lo user group quot;virtualequot; in lingua italiana dedicato a SQL Server.
Contact: http://blogs.technet.com/b/italian_premier_center_for_sql_server
Giuseppe Zagarrio lavora in Microsoft nel gruppo GBS (Global Business Support) nel ruolo di Field Engineer. Lavora su SQL Server sin dalla versione 2000, in particolare su tematiche legate a performance e ottimizzazione.Nel suo lavoro supporta i clienti su varie tematiche legate a SQL Server, dal codice alla gestione amministrativa con lo scopo di mantenere i sistemi critici su livelli di efficienza e stabilità ottimali.
Time ago (a lot of time ago…) an excellent IT pro brought me with him and became my Mentor in the IT wonderland…it was a world full of mainframes… I met the Relational theory when there were no commercial RDBMS, and I was spellbound by that “magic”. When Microsoft appeared in the IT market, I felt finally which trek I had to follow. I’m still walking on such road, and in my rucksack I’ve ben putting some other stuff (like SharePoint, for example). My sole regret: I’ve left the College to consecrate all my time to my job; curiously, since then, I’ve never stop learning…
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=126446983amp;trk=hp-identity-name
Contact: http://sqlserver-performance-tuning.net/
Shehab El-Najjar was the ONLY Microsoft SQL Server MVP in Gulf for the past 6 years and the 2nd one all over the Middle East , he is the founder of SQL Gulf events series (SQL Gulf #1 , #2 and #3 ) where he spent so much time and efforts to broadcast Microsoft SQL Server technologies all over the Gulf such as KSA and Emirates and other Gulf cities ahead ..) He is now Professional Services Manager at Saudi Emircom He was previously COO and business leader in KSA market through his startup WAJA IT for 3 years He is an influencing Database community leader all over the region A senior Database Consultant (SQL Server MVP for 6 years in row) -The 2nd MVP awardee SQL Server all over Middle East and Arabic region
LinkedIn: https://it.linkedin.com/in/lucazavarella
Contact: http://www.ugiss.org/lucazav
Luca #232; un Business Intelligence Architect amp; Project Leader e Database Architect. Ha conseguito le certificazioni Microsoft SQL Server 2008 MCTS e MCITP in Business Intelligence. E#39; inoltre un Business Analyst con particolare attitudine all#39;automazione e ottimizzazione dei flussi di dati. Nel tempo libero #232; un pianista classico.
LinkedIn: https://it.linkedin.com/in/suxstellino
Contact: http://suxstellino.wordpress.com/
Alessandro lavora nell#39;IT dal 2000. La passione per l#39;informatica nasce ad 11 anni partendo dal C64 ed oggi #232; CTO di Engage IT Services srl dove si occupa della gestione del team di sviluppo e del contatto tecnico con i clienti. Nel team si occupa anche dell#39;amministrazione e del ciclo di vita dei database. E’ MVP SQL Server dal 2008, #232; anche Microsoft Certified Professional, ed oltre ad essere speaker a diversi eventi Microsoft, segue due blog e risponde sui forum di StackOverflow e MSDN
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=126446983amp;trk=hp-identity-name
Contact: http://sqlserver-performance-tuning.net/
Shehab El-Najjar was the ONLY Microsoft SQL Server MVP in Gulf for the past 6 years and the 2nd one all over the Middle East , he is the founder of SQL Gulf events series (SQL Gulf #1 , #2 and #3 ) where he spent so much time and efforts to broadcast Microsoft SQL Server technologies all over the Gulf such as KSA and Emirates and other Gulf cities ahead ..) He is now Professional Services Manager at Saudi Emircom He was previously COO and business leader in KSA market through his startup WAJA IT for 3 years He is an influencing Database community leader all over the region A senior Database Consultant (SQL Server MVP for 6 years in row) -The 2nd MVP awardee SQL Server all over Middle East and Arabic region
LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/sgovoni
Contact: https://mvp.microsoft.com/it-it/PublicProfile/4029181?fullName=Sergio%20Govoni
Since 1999 Sergio Govoni has been a software developer; in 2000 he got a degree in Computer Science at "Università degli Studi" in Ferrara (Italy). He has worked for over 18 years in Centro Software, a software house that produces the best ERP for manufacturing companies that are export oriented. Now, he manages the development product team and he is constantly involved on several team projects, where he focues his attention on the architecture and the mission-critical technical details. Since 2016 he is the vice president of the UGISS (www.ugiss.org). For the provided help to technical communities and for sharing his own experience, since 2010 he has received the Microsoft Data Platform MVP award.
LinkedIn: https://it.linkedin.com/in/marcopozzan
Contact: http://www.marcopozzan.it
Consultant and trainer in business intelligence, analytics and data mining on Methode . Teacher for ITS courses of data warehouse at the University of Pordenone.
LinkedIn: http://it.linkedin.com/in/ghotz
Contact: http://www.ghotz.com
Gianluca Hotz is an independent consultant, trainer, speaker and Mentor specialized in architecture, database design, high availability, capacity planning, performance tuning, system integration and migrations for Microsoft SQL Server. He has been working as a consultant in the IT field since 1993 and with SQL Server since 1996. He is among the original founders of ugiss.org, where he served as vice-president from 2001 to 2016 and he is now serving as president, for his contribution to the community he has been a SQL Server MVP since 1998.
LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/fdechirico
Contact: http://francescodechirico.wordpress.com/
Francesco De Chirico is a consultant, trainer and speaker specialized in modeling and developing complex BI solutions with the Microsoft BI stack. He has been working with SSAS since 2001 and has a strong knowledge of the MDX, DAX and M. He focused on all the Microsoft Data Platform especially on Power BI. Co-leader of the PASS Global Italian Virtual Group and Milan Power BI User Group, regular speaker at events like PASS SQLSaturday, Microsoft Certified Trainer for many years, Francesco holds several Microsoft certifications including the prestigious SSAS Maestro for BI certification (2012) and the Microsoft Professional Program Data Science certification (2017). He is the project creator of the Analysis Services Query Analyzer tool.
LinkedIn: https://it.linkedin.com/in/fmilano
I've been working with Microsoft technologies since 2000, and I'm specialized in .NET Framework and SQL Server platform. I focus primarily on back-end development, integration solutions, relational model design and implementation. Starting from 2011 I'm also member of UGISS (Italian SQL Server User Group) and speaker at main italian SQL Server conferences and workshops.
LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/davidemauri
Contact: https://medium.com/@mauridb
Data Platform MVP for almost 12 years, I love Data and Database in all their forms. Developer for passion (C# and Python), I've been working in the IT field since 1997. My focus has been databases and performance tuning since the start, focusing both on transactional and analytical workloads. I worked for more than 10 years on Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing, then moved to IoT and Big Data for a while. Now back to database space, injecting passion and innovation into Azure SQL as Microsoft Program Manager for Azure SQL Hyperscale, helping developers to re-discover SQL, which is now almost everywhere, and take advantage of all its amazing power!
The following is a list of sponsors that helped fund the event.
CeSMI - Centro Servizi Multimediali e Informatici


After 6 years developing Python Flask applications, mainly REST API's, in 2019 I still could not find good article on developing high value tests for Python Flask based applications. That is going to change today!
First I will give my opinion on testing and methodology followed by a demo case to illustrate high value testing with actual code. Feel free to skip all the boring reading and head directly over to the code on Github.
The foundation described in this article is mainly focussed on early projects with limited resources like time and people effort. In these cases you want lowest possible investment with high return in value. Note that this is no silver bullet.
As a software engineer that has built many micro services in the past I have always believed having integration tests in the early stages of a product is of utmost importance to detect issues and confirm assumptions. Nowadays it is rare to build fully self contained systems that does not interact with another external systems. This external system could be a webservice or perhaps a complicated library that renders PDF files.
My definition for "High value tests" is inspired by High Cost Tests and High Value Tests: A test case that is efficient and effective that focusses on business logic we have implemented.
So let's dissect this statement. We want our tests to be efficient because it is not funny to wait for hours for a test case to finish to discover it failed. Or it demands many resources like compute power or manual labor which could be very costly. Effective because we are only interested in interfacing of third party library or web service but not their inner workings. Finally there is emphasis on we. Our system is often a composition of one or more other components working in harmony. Full complexity of systems are in fact all the code you have produced together with the code of all your dependencies and their dependencies. As you might have guessed already in practice systems are often very complicated. As we do not have access to infinite resources we have to get the most out of our investments so we test the interfaces of these external dependencies only.
In practice good test cases are a balance between depth (when do we include external dependencies), simplicity and flexibility.
Following the AAA (Arrange, Act and Assert) pattern we define the the anatomy of a good high value test case to have the follow components:
Other non-functional requirements are:
Let's consider a simple Flask app that uses a hypothetical mail service implemented as MailService
. Below is the file and directory structure of our application with 4 test cases implemented in 2 files (test_errors.py
and test_health.py
). We will dive deeper into the code in the rest of this section.
├── README.md
├── app
│ ├── __init__.py
│ └── main.py
├── example_libs
│ ├── __init__.py
│ └── mail_service.py
├── requirements.txt
└── tests
├── __init__.py
├── base.py
├── test_errors.py
└── test_health.py
In the app we have defined two REST endpoints:
check()
method on the mail service instance.Exception
simulating a runtime error.Here's actual source code main.py
:
from flask import request, jsonify
from flask import Flask
class App(object):
def __init__(self, mail_service=None):
# Create real service if not mocking
if not mail_service:
from example_libs.mail_service import MailService
mail_service = MailService()
self.mail_service = mail_service
def create_app(self):
app = Flask(__name__)
app.app_context().push()
@app.route("/health", methods=["GET"])
def health():
mail_service_health = self.mail_service.check()
summary = {
"mail_service": mail_service_health,
}
return jsonify(summary)
@app.route("/throw-exception", methods=["PUT"])
def error():
raise Exception("An error has occurred")
return app
if __name__ == "__main__":
App().create_app().run()
Test cases are often located in the tests
directory. Each test case is implemented as a TestCase class
abstract class AAAMixin {
{abstract} app ARRANGE()
{abstract} void ACT()
{abstract} void ASSERT()
void test_case()
- app create_app()
}
class LiveServerTestCase {
{abstract} app create_app()
...
}
class TestCase {
ARRANGE()
ACT()
ASSERT()
}
AAAMixin <|-- TestCase
LiveServerTestCase <|-- TestCase
Before we start writing our test cases we first define our AAAMixin
class which implements a basic structure according to the AAA methodology discussed earlier. We will use this mixin class later in our test cases. To void the assert
keyword we write the main AAA methods which must be implemented by all test cases: ARRANGE(self)
, ACT(self)
and ASSERT(self)
.
class AAAMixin(object):
""" Arrange, Act and Assert pattern """
response = None
client = None
def setUp(self):
""" Called after self.create_app() """
self.client = self.app.test_client()
return super().setUp()
def ARRANGE(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
def ACT(self):
""" Use make call to live server and return the response
e.g. return self.client.get("/health")
"""
raise NotImplementedError()
# assert is a served keyword
def ASSERT(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
def create_app(self):
return self.ARRANGE()
def test_case(self):
""" Single test case per test class """
# Commented out because it is called by create_app(...) very early
#self._arrange()
self.response = self.ACT()
self.ASSERT()
With the AAAMixin
defined we can combine it with LiveServerTestCase
from flask_testing
package to write our first test case for GET /health
. This test shows how we can use the AAA approach with a live server instance of our app to test against a real MailService
instance.
class TestHealth_integration(AAAMixin, LiveServerTestCase):
""" Test against real mail service integration """
def ARRANGE(self):
self.expected_health = {"mail_service": "OK"}
return App().create_app()
def ACT(self):
return self.client.get("/health")
def ASSERT(self):
assert self.response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK
assert self.response.get_json() == self.expected_health
In a real world scenario the MailService could slow down our test. We could have a very limited set of integration tests of this service and mock it most of the time. Mocking is very useful because it's fast and that's were we set our boundaries of where we stop testing logic that was not implemented by us (with the assumption the third party library is well tested on its own).
class TestHealth_sick(AAAMixin, LiveServerTestCase):
""" Detect when mail service is in sick state """
def ARRANGE(self):
self.expected_health = {"mail_service": "sick"}
mocked_mail_service = mock.Mock(autospec=True)
mocked_mail_service.check = mock.MagicMock(
return_value=self.expected_health["mail_service"],
)
return App(
mail_service=mocked_mail_service,
).create_app()
def ACT(self):
return self.client.get("/health")
def ASSERT(self):
assert self.response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK
assert self.response.get_json() == self.expected_health
In the future we will extend this simple REST API with MySQL database support. In the light of high value tests we will also extend the test suite with support for launching MySQL service to support our tests.


Text area
Default
label
Placeholder
Required
Disabled
label
Read only
label
Autofocus
autofocus
Resize
Both
resize both
Horizontal
resize horizontal
Vertical
resize vertical
Filled
Default
label
Placeholder
Required
Disabled
label
Read only
label
label
Visual vs audio label
Visible label
Audio label only


We are an established company with a reputation for commitment and high integrity
We, at Data Intelligence System, are re-defining the services industry. We are a team of passionate professionals who close focus on delivering quality products. We don't offer jobs. We offer career.
Our team is small but growing fast, we’d love your help. Come, Join Us!
To get started, send us an email at
admin@dishk.com


Songs ~ Pop
All Of Me Legend For Eb
Burn The House Down For C
Burn The House Down For Eb
Careless Whisper Half Time
Happy Birthday For C
Happy Birthday For Eb
Honey Pie
Just The Two Of Us For Bb
Just The Two Of Us For C
Just The Two Of Us For Eb
Mechanical Monsters Alto Saxophone In Eb
Mos Eisley Cantina For C
Mos Eisley Cantina For Eb
My Love For C
My Love For Eb
Ocean Easynotes For Bb
Ocean For Bb
Photograph For C
Photograph For Eb
Sir Duke For Bb
Sir Duke For C
Sir Duke For Eb
Whats Going On Vocal
Whats Going On For Bb
Whats Going On For C
Whats Going On For Eb
Whats Going On In D Vocal
Whats Going On In D For Bb
Whats Going On In D For C
Whats Going On In D For Eb
When Im Sixty Four In C


?NEW
yG\
r^c:>
Plants
Cubenses
Wrightianx
New
York
Botanical
Garden
ibiaiTb
Coll.
C.
WRIGHT,
1860
Ñ
1864.
1618976
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


RXMonitor
CombineAll operator
Test
When source observable completes use combineLatest with collected observables.


--- title: Privacy Policy layout: layout.hbs page_is_privacy: true ---
Simon Dann ("us", "we", or "our") operates the https://d20hero.club website (the "Service", "Server").
We have tried to keep our privacy policy simple and free from legal jargon. The core value of this service is to put you first and that means providing a service that doesn't compromise your privacy. Below we explain what we ask from you and why as well as the choices you have associated with the data you disclose.
If you register on this server you will be asked to enter a username, a display name, an email address and a password. Upon registration you may also enter additional profile information such as a display name and biography, and upload a profile picture and header image.
The username, display name, biography, profile picture and header image are always listed publicly.
The list of people you follow is listed publicly, the same is true for your followers. When you submit a message, the date and time is stored as well as the application you submitted the message from. Messages may contain media attachments, such as pictures and videos. Public and unlisted posts are available publicly. When you feature a post on your profile, that is also publicly available information. Your posts are delivered to your followers, in some cases it means they are delivered to different servers and copies are stored there. When you delete posts, this is likewise delivered to your followers. The action of reblogging or favouriting another post is always public.
All posts are stored and processed on the server. Followers-only posts are delivered to your followers and users who are mentioned in them, and direct posts are delivered only to users mentioned in them. In some cases it means they are delivered to different servers and copies are stored there.
We make a good faith effort to limit the access to those posts only to authorized persons, but other servers may fail to do so. Therefore it's important to review servers your followers belong to. You may toggle an option to approve and reject new followers manually in the settings.
Please keep in mind that the operators of the server and any receiving server may view such messages, and that recipients may screenshot, copy or otherwise re-share them. Do not share any dangerous information over d20hero.club.
When you log in, we record the IP address you log in from, as well as the name of your browser application. The latest IP address used is stored for up to 12 months. We also may retain server logs which include the IP address of every request to our server.
Any of the information we collect from you may be used in the following ways:
We implement a variety of security measures to maintain the safety of your personal information when you enter, submit, or access your personal information. Among other things, your browser session, as well as the traffic between your applications and the API, are secured with SSL, and your password is hashed using a strong one-way algorithm.
We will make a good faith effort to:
You can request and download an archive of your content, including your posts, media attachments, profile picture, and header image.
You may irreversibly delete your account at any time.
Yes. Cookies are small files that a site or its service provider transfers to your computer's hard drive through your Web browser (if you allow). These cookies enable the site to recognize your browser and, if you have a registered account, associate it with your registered account.
We use cookies to understand and save your preferences for future visits.
We do not sell, trade, or otherwise transfer to outside parties your personally identifiable information. This does not include trusted third parties who assist us in operating our site, conducting our business, or servicing you, so long as those parties agree to keep this information confidential. We may also release your information when we believe release is appropriate to comply with the law, enforce our site policies, or protect ours or others rights, property, or safety.
Your public content may be downloaded by other servers in the network. Your public and followers-only posts are delivered to the servers where your followers reside, and direct messages are delivered to the servers of the recipients, in so far as those followers or recipients reside on a different server than this.
When you authorize an application to use your account, depending on the scope of permissions you approve, it may access your public profile information, your following list, your followers, your lists, all your posts, and your favourites. Applications can never access your e-mail address or password.
The security of your data is important to us, but remember that no method of transmission over the Internet, or method of electronic storage is 100% secure. While we strive to use commercially acceptable means to protect your Personal Data, we cannot guarantee its absolute security.
In the event that personal information is compromised as a result of a breach of security, d20hero.club will promptly notify those persons whose personal information has been compromised, via the email address linked to affected accounts, or as otherwise required by applicable law.
Our Service does not address anyone under the age of 18 ("Children").
We do not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from anyone under the age of 18. If you are a parent or guardian and you are aware that your Children has provided us with Personal Data, please contact us. If we become aware that we have collected Personal Data from children without verification of parental consent, we take steps to remove that information from our servers.
This privacy policy is about what we do but we also think it's important to talk about what we won't do. We will:
If we decide to change our privacy policy, we will post those changes on this page. In addition the @dm account will broadcast on local notification of the changes.
The aforementioned Privacy Policy is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


Lizzo's Tiny Valentino Bag Has Inspired Hilarious Memes
by Marina LiaoThe American Music Awards were last night, and while there were some amazing performances on stage (Selena, Taylor, Shawn Mendes, etc...) Lizzo stole the show in more ways than one. Not only did the singer nail her performance, but prior to killing it on stage, the singer walked the red carpet in the most attention-grabbing ruffle-y orange minidress. The custom ensemble was by Valentino (the fashion house received a call-out from Lizzo herself for dressing her curvy figure) and in her hand was the tiniest Valentino handbag (made in partnership with Obvious Plant) we've ever seen.
Miniature bags have been a fixture on the 2019 runways and it seems Lizzo was taken with the micro purse trend. Even though it likely didn't fit anything, it was still the cutest thing on the red carpet.
And despite it being so small, everyone noticed the mini bag. In fact, the accessory now its own Twitter account called Lizzo's Tiny Bag (you should hit follow immediately), and has inspired countless memes.
 Now, that's a mood.
Should you need a laughter this morning, check out all the memes and comments the Valentino mini bag has elicited:
The internet is in love with Lizzo's tiny bag, and honestly, so are we.
For more stories like this, including celebrity news, beauty and fashion advice, savvy political commentary, and fascinating features, sign up for the Marie Claire newsletter.


?
nnnnnn
IIIIIIIIIH
MÑÑÑ
Ë
?
??
iÑiÑm
?ªL-^-
?
?
???
'?
?
?
?
1
0
1
cm
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
copyright
reserved
The
New
York
Botanical
Garden
TRACY
HERBARIUM
(TAES),
TEXAS
A&M
UNIVERSITY
Setaria
chapmani
(Vasey)
Pilger
W.
E.
Fox
III
September
1997
THE
NEW
YORK
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
EXPLORATION
OF
THE
BAHAMAS
HOG
ISLAND,
NEW
PROVIDENCE
g'V/r
%
New
York
Botanical
Garden
]ib05137
p.
Wilson,
Collector
June
*7
,
1909
1605137
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


§388-13 Rules and regulations. The director of labor and industrial relations is authorized to issue such rules and regulations as the director determines necessary for the purpose of carrying out this chapter. [L 1963, c 158, pt of §3; Supp, §95-12; HRS §388-13; gen ch 1985]
Cross References
Rulemaking, see chapter 91.


Basic card
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the incididunt ut labore
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's tempor incididunt ut labore Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Card link Another link


Picturesque
Dating
Home
Sign in/Sign up
Chat Room
Free Trial
Login Here
Login
Lost Your Password?
Don't have an account?


--- title: "Customised Boxes (Gridtables)" lastmod: 2019-03-06T00:00:00.000Z draft: false type: docs maths: true output: blogdown::html_page: toc: true linktitle: "Customised Boxes (Gridtables)" menu: docs: parent: Website Management weight: 65 ---
Mon 22 July 2019 - Nick
NOTE: This solution doesn’t work. Use the instructions in the section ‘Website Management>Customised Boxes (Alerts)’
This uses a version of pandoc markdown tables called grid_tables:
grid_table documentation on pandoc website
Problems:

heading into the Table of Contents of this page.The option below acheives most of what is required (except TOC). However, it needs the style sheet settings which will break other tables in our website if they were put on the same page. The conflicts between this style sheet and the style sheet for the larger webpage would need to be resolved.
+---------------+---------------+--------------------+
| Fruit | Price | Advantages |
+===============+===============+====================+
| Bananas | $1.34 | - built-in wrapper |
| | | - bright color |
+---------------+---------------+--------------------+
| Fruit | Price | Advantages |
|---|---|---|
| Bananas | $1.34 |
|

+---------------+
| |
|
  Fruit
 |
| |
| |
+===============+
| |
| $\begin{aligned} |
| \text{Standard Deviation of variable x} = &\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - \bar x)^2}{N}}\\ |
| \\ |
| \text{Where:} \\ |
| x_i = &\text{value of x for each individual i} \\ |
| \bar x = &\text{ mean of x} \\ |
| N,n = &\text{ number of observations} \\ |
| \sum_{i=1}^n = &\text{sum for all observations from 1 to n} \\ |
| \end{aligned}$ |
| |
| While this equation looks scary to many people, I think the best way to break it down - conceptually, and by analogy, not strict mathematically - is to think about this as having just three main parts: |
| |
|* **Variation from mean**: First, it basically asks how much, each value of a variable (e.g. the age of each particular student in a class) varies from the mean for the whole set (e.g. the average age of the class). This is represented in the equation as: $$(x_i - \bar x)$$ |
|* **Averaged over all individuals**: Second, it takes the average (mean) of this across all observations in the dataset (e.g. all students in the class). This is represented by the sum of (the funny E) divided by N: $$\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n \text{variation from mean} }{N}$$ |
|* **Punishing (counting) big variations more than small ones**: Third, it actually squares the deviation from the mean - which has the effect of 'punishing' (i.e. inflating or more heavily weighting) larger deviations from the mean more. It then takes the square root of the whole thing, basically to counter act the effect of the squaring, and make it all measured in the same 'units' as the mean. |
| |
+---------------+
Fruit |
|---|
\(\begin{aligned} \text{Standard Deviation of variable x} = &\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - \bar x)^2}{N}}\\ \\ \text{Where:} \\ x_i = &\text{value of x for each individual i} \\ \bar x = &\text{ mean of x} \\ N,n = &\text{ number of observations} \\ \sum_{i=1}^n = &\text{sum for all observations from 1 to n} \\ \end{aligned}\) While this equation looks scary to many people, I think the best way to break it down - conceptually, and by analogy, not strict mathematically - is to think about this as having just three main parts:
|


NationStates++ (often shortened to 'NS++') is a tiny, light-weight, and open-source browser extension for NationStates. Focused on an easy-user experience, it is designed to simplify the NationStates game, provide players with more data and information to make educated decisions, and provide more powerful tools to interact with other players.
Browser extensions are tiny programs or apps designed to "extend" and add onto the existing features of your internet browser. All modern browsers support browser extensions, including Safari, Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
Internet Explorer is not an open web browser and frequently does not support official web standards. In addition, it does not support browser extensions, and it frequently a target for malware and viruses. I suggest all Internet Explorer users upgrade to a free, modern browser, listed above.
You don't. While NationStates++ is an open-source browser extension, and so any developer with Javascript experience can inspect the code, that is not a guarantee of safety. Browser extensions do have an additional layer of safety, as the browser prevents addons or extensions from installing malware or harmful viruses. This layer security does not protect you from extensions that steal personal information or login information. Every program you install carries risk and relies on a certain level of trust. If you have specific concerns about safety or user security, you can telegram me or email me at Afforess [at] gmail.com for additional information.
The Nation Puppet Switcher only stores nations & password information locally in your browser local storage. This information is never transmitted anywhere, and never leaves your computer. In addition, I do not collect or monitor sensitive personal information or other identifying information.
Your browser likely does not have automatic extension updates enabled (this is a common problem with Safari). For Safari users, go to your preferences -> Extensions tab, and be sure to "enable" automatic updates. For Firefox users, go to Firefox -> Addons and click the settings gear in the upper right to ensure automatic updates are enabled.


HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. The web is made up of billions of HTML documents.  The server finds the document you are looking for and sends that document to your computers browser. The browser interprets the page and displays it on your computer.
All HTML documents are made up of boxes. These boxes can contain images, content and even other shapes. Front-end web developers look at all websites as if they are laid out in boxes. It can be useful to take something as simple as a pencil to scetch out these boxes. To make these boxes, a "div" tag is used at the begining and end of each box.
Tags and elements make up every page of HTML code. This is how computers read the documents.  They simply do what they are told to do by the coding within the HTML document. Therefore, having a period out of place or forgetting to close a tag can cause major problems.
Elements of an HTML document are either Inline or Block. The only major difference we have discussed so far is that block elements are containe inside an "invisible box".


Kit Contents - checklist¶
Once you receive your kit, you should check that it contains all of the parts listed below:
- Hardware - for a full list of contents see Hardware and tools page
- Stir-plate top - Desktop kit version only
- Motor mount
- PTFE Stir-bar. Either a 25 mm x 8 mm stir bar (desktop kit) or cuvette 7 mm x 3 mm stir bar.
- 3V DC Motor. Pre-wired for connecting to the basic speed control PCB.
- DC Panel mount jack. Pre-wired for connecting to the basic speed control PCB.
- Acrylic enclose with colored base of your choice. A desktop enclosure is shown in the image above.
- Basic speed control PCB. Pre-assembled with components.
- Mini-screwdriver with reversible blade.
- Pair of magnets
- Magnet mount
- L-wrench
- 3.3V Power supply (image not shown)
- 250 mL beaker. Borosilicate glass beaker (image not shown). Desktop kit version only.
Each of these components is described in more detail on the next few pages.


Events Class
Events Provider.
Can function either as a standalone or a Mixin
Constructor
Events
-
el
Parameters:
-
el
Elementelement to use as event target. Optional
Item Index
Methods
- addEvent
- addEvent
- addEventOnce
- addEventOnce
- addEvents
- addEvents
- Events.createEvent static
- Events.createEvent static
- Events.removeOn static
- Events.removeOn static
- fireEvent
- fireEvent
- fireLatchedEvent
- fireLatchedEvent
- getPseudo static
- getPseudo static
- processType static
- processType static
- removeEvent
- removeEvent
Methods
addEvent
-
the
-
a
Adds an event
addEvent
-
the
-
a
Adds an event
addEventOnce
-
the
-
a
Adds an event for one execution, then removes it
addEventOnce
-
the
-
a
Adds an event for one execution, then removes it
addEvents
-
literal
Helper to add multiple events at once
Parameters:
-
literal
Objectobject of event types => callbacks
addEvents
-
literal
Helper to add multiple events at once
Parameters:
-
literal
Objectobject of event types => callbacks
Events.createEvent
-
type
-
dispatcher
-
args
cross-browser function to create event object for fire method
Created object will always have following properties: - dispatcher: a reference to dispatching object (since we can't use 'this') - args: arguments passed alongside the event - object_event: a flag set to true to easily check if this is an object event or a normal DOM event.
Returns:
Events.createEvent
-
type
-
dispatcher
-
args
cross-browser function to create event object for fire method
Created object will always have following properties: - dispatcher: a reference to dispatching object (since we can't use 'this') - args: arguments passed alongside the event - object_event: a flag set to true to easily check if this is an object event or a normal DOM event.
Returns:
Events.removeOn
-
type
removes the on* prefix from event names
Parameters:
-
type
String
Returns:
Events.removeOn
-
type
removes the on* prefix from event names
Parameters:
-
type
String
Returns:
fireEvent
-
event
-
arguments
dispatches an event
Parameters:
-
event
Stringtype
-
arguments
Mixedto pass with the event
fireEvent
-
event
-
arguments
dispatches an event
Parameters:
-
event
Stringtype
-
arguments
Mixedto pass with the event
fireLatchedEvent
-
the
-
arguments
Fires a latched event
Parameters:
-
the
Stringevent type
-
arguments
Mixedto pass with the event
fireLatchedEvent
-
the
-
arguments
Fires a latched event
Parameters:
-
the
Stringevent type
-
arguments
Mixedto pass with the event
getPseudo
-
type
returns a structured data object about a type's pseudo-events
Parameters:
-
type
String
Returns:
getPseudo
-
type
returns a structured data object about a type's pseudo-events
Parameters:
-
type
String
Returns:
processType
-
type
proccesses an event type, returning a valid data object from that name
Parameters:
-
type
String
Returns:
processType
-
type
proccesses an event type, returning a valid data object from that name
Parameters:
-
type
String
Returns:
removeEvent
-
event
-
function
removes a function from an event


Unfortunately you can't see something at the moment. Just add products and categories on the left side.


b:waitingPanel Adds a hidden overlay div to body end and openes waiting panel overlay when ajax request is running.
Attention: If blockpage is not active the ui will be usable until delay time is reached.
Try 4000 millis with and without active blockpage. Click button and while request try clicking on page.


| Class | FlexMock |
| In: |
vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/flexmock.rb
|
| Parent: | Object |
Class method to make sure that verify is called at the end of a test.
# File vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/flexmock.rb, line 78 78: def self.use 79: mock = new 80: yield mock 81: ensure 82: mock.mock_verify 83: end
Handle missing methods by attempting to look up a handler.
# File vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/flexmock.rb, line 66 66: def method_missing(sym, *args, &block) 67: if handler = @handlers[sym] 68: @counts[sym] += 1 69: args << block if block_given? 70: handler.call(*args) 71: else 72: super(sym, *args, &block) unless @ignore_missing 73: end 74: end
Report how many times a method was called.
# File vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/flexmock.rb, line 56 56: def mock_count(sym) 57: @counts[sym] 58: end
Handle all messages denoted by sym by calling the given block and passing any parameters to the block. If we know exactly how many calls are to be made to a particular method, we may check that by passing in the number of expected calls as a second paramter.
# File vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/flexmock.rb, line 36 36: def mock_handle(sym, expected_count=nil, &block) 37: if block_given? 38: @handlers[sym] = block 39: else 40: @handlers[sym] = proc { } 41: end 42: @expected_counts[sym] = expected_count if expected_count 43: end
Ignore all undefined (missing) method calls.
# File vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/flexmock.rb, line 61 61: def mock_ignore_missing 62: @ignore_missing = true 63: end
Verify that each method that had an explicit expected count was actually called that many times.
# File vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/vendor/flexmock.rb, line 47 47: def mock_verify 48: @expected_counts.keys.each do |key| 49: assert_equal @expected_counts[key], @counts[key], 50: "Expected method #{key} to be called #{@expected_counts[key]} times, " + 51: "got #{@counts[key]}" 52: end 53: end


Name
Please enter the patient name here.
Father's name (optional)
Date of birth
Please enter the patient date of birth here.
Age
Gender
Male
Female
Other
Please select the patient gender.
Address


Home
App
Menu
Contacts
PODECATRO PIZZA
ORDER PIZZA!
VIEW CHOICES
Copyright (c) 2019 Paulwamaria
Pocadetro pizza
paulwamaria@gmail.com


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
over 2 hours
Serves
Serves 4
Dietary
The treacle toffee in this recipe melts to give you a lovely, rich topping. If you’re short on time, you can also make four smaller, individual puddings by steaming them in the oven.
In a bowl, cream the butter and sugar together with an electric hand-held mixer until pale and fluffy.
Add half of the beaten eggs and continue to beat for 1–2 minutes. Stop, scrape the sides of the bowl, then add the remaining beaten egg and continue beating for 1–2 minutes. Scrape the sides again. Add the nutmeg, lime and lemon zest, and beat for a few seconds more.
With a metal spoon, gradually fold the sifted flour and baking powder into the mixture as lightly as you can, keeping to a dropping consistency by adding milk, if needed. Fold in the toffee or fudge pieces.
Bring a large pan of water to the boil and place a steamer with a lid on top.
Butter and lightly flour a 1.2 litre/2 pint pudding basin. Spoon the treacle (or golden syrup) into the bottom of the basin, then add the pudding mixture. Secure the lid and steam gently for three hours, adding more water to the pan if necessary – keep a close eye on the pan so it doesn’t boil dry. The pudding is cooked when a skewer inserted into it comes out clean.
Serve with custard and extra nutmeg grated over.
You need JavaScript to view this clip.
Wrapping a pudding for steaming


class BMPImporter
<init>
BMPImporter()
load
fun load(imagePath: String): CityMap?
Generates a map by loading the bitmap image file at the provided path and using the color value of each pixel for determining the terrain elevation.


Hey, every member of your team is there!We have booked a room for your Daily-Scrum!Have a nice day !The CosmoseTeam.
Login In


--- title: /home/ayonga/.dropboxes/business/Dropbox/research/dzopt/frost/matlab/utils/mathlink Directory Reference layout: doxygen comments: false sidebar: doxygen_sidebar topnav: topnav tags: false ---
Files | |
| file | cell2tensor.m |
| Convert a cell array to a Mathematica tensor. | |
| file | check_var_exist.m |
| A wrapper function that checks if a variable has been assigned to a value in Mathematica. | |
| file | clear_symbol.m |
A wrapper function that clears a symbol specified by the character var | |
| file | eval_math.m |
A wrapper function that calls the mathlink function to evaluate the expression specified by expr . | |
| file | eval_math_fun.m |
| Evaluate symbolic function eval_math_fun(fun,x1,...,xn) evaluates the symbolic function 'fun' at the given arguments x1, ..., xn. | |
| file | general2math.m |
| Convert a general expression to a Mathematica expression. | |
| file | mat2math.m |
| Converts a 2-D matrix to a string that will be read as a matrix (tensor) in Mathematica. | |
| file | num2mathstr.m |
| file | str2mathstr.m |
| Converts a Matlab string to a Mathematica string. | |
| file | struct2assoc.m |
| Converts a Matlab structure into a string that describes an expression for Mathematica association. | |


{% load static %}
| News Title | Article Summary | Sentiment | Title Sentiment | Article Sentiment | Article Summary Sentiment | Source | Published Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ row.title }} | {{ row.article_summary }} | {{ row.sentiment_final }} | {{ row.sentiment_title }} | {{ row.sentiment_article }} | {{ row.sentiment_article_summary }} | {{ row.source }} | {{ row.date_and_time }} |
| Rank | Company Name | Ticker | Valuation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tesla | TSLA | Under Valued |
| 2 | Apple | APPL | Over Valued |
| Rank | Stock Name | How Many Time the Name Was Used | Real-Time Chart |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GameStop | 452 | |
| 2 | DogeCoin | 328 |


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block head %} {% endblock %} {% block body %}
You can use this system to run a suite of tests on your code in the same environment under which they will be graded.
Please note: This system only stores submitted files temporarily - they are removed once all tests have been run.
Test results are stored for diagnostic and research purposes - information will only be disclosed in aggregate form and will not influence any grades.


Israel to Withhold Additional ‘Pay to Slay’ Funds from Palestinian Authority
by Benjamin Brown / TPSIsrael this year is required to withhold an additional NIS 241 million from the Palestinian Authority (PA) after it emerged that the amount of money that was paid to the families of dead terrorists or Arab prisoners incarcerated in Israel is higher than previously estimated.
The Ramallah government policy of paying the families of so-called ‘martyrs‘ has been criticized as a “pay to slay” law, as it provides a financial incentive to commit terrorist attacks against Israelis.
Israel collects taxes on behalf of the Palestinian Authority and transfers the funds to Ramallah. An Israeli law passed in February, however, states that Israel is required to deduct the sum of money used in the PA’s controversial “Martyrs’ Fund” process of paying terrorists and their families.


Full Stack Web Developer with a background in customer facing management and refined skills in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React, VBA, Node.js, and MySQL from University of Denver. Strengths in adaptability, communication, and building dynamic projects within a team. Pioneering Problem solver with a passion for creating well developed projects.


Removing an Unbroken Faceplate
Sometimes, by some miracle of skill and/or luck, someone will manage to break their LCD without cracking or damaging the glass in any way. It is an impressive feat and does not happen often. Only attempt this repair if you are experienced in repairing broken A35 faceplates.
Before repairing any device, verify that the student whose Chromebook you are about to repair does not have insurance.
Materials:
- Pry tool or small flathead screwdriver
- New LCD
- New faceplate (in case things do not work out)
- Space heater, hairdryer, or heatgun
- The only thing on that list the STAT office is a space heater.
- Patience
Time: 5-10 minutes
- This is a complex repair. It may result in failure (ie a broken faceplate).
- Set the space heater to its highest level. The office space heater goes to 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
- There is glue holding the faceplate to the display on all four sides. Hold the device so the top of the faceplate is being heated. Hold it there until the top of the glass is hot to the touch.
- The reasoning applied here is very similar to how you would disassemble a phone with an IP water and dust resistance rating, just less complicated. JerryRigEverything explains this concept in his Galaxy S8 teardown.
- Immediately set the computer down on a desk and insert your pry tool between the glass of the faceplate and the plastic of the backplate. Gently pry outwards. If the glass does not come off the backplate easily, heat it up and try again.
- Do that same procedure for the sides. Be sure not to let the glass re-adhere to the backplate.
- For the bottom, simply heat up the glass until it is hot to the touch and gently pull the entire faceplate away from the backplate of the display assembly.
- Replace the LCD and re-attach the faceplate.
- Update the ticket and send a bill, if applicable.
Created with the Personal Edition of HelpNDoc: Easy EBook and documentation generator


1.4. Big O Notation#
The concept of Big \(\mathcal{O}\) provides a measure of the convergence rate and error of an algorithm. It is commonly used to describe the rate at which an error term diminishes. Consider the Taylor series expansion of \(e^{x}\):
When \(x\) approaches zero, we can approximate \(e^{x}\) as:
This implies that the absolute error between \(e^{x}\) and its approximation is approximately proportional to \(x^4\) as \(x\) gets closer to zero:
Another application of Big \(\mathcal{O}\) is in analyzing the efficiency of algorithms. For instance, consider the function \(f(x) = x^3 + 2,x^2 + x\). It has a Big \(\mathcal{O}\) growth rate of \(\mathcal{O}(x^3)\), indicating that its complexity increases no faster than cubic in relation to the input size. Conversely, it has a Big \(\mathcal{O}\) decline rate of \(\mathcal{O}(x)\), signifying that its complexity decreases no faster than linearly with the input size.


{% extends "layouts/_block_content.html" %} {% from "components/breadcrumbs/_macro.njk" import onsBreadcrumbs %} {% from "components/button/_macro.njk" import onsButton %} {% set page_title = "Share surveys overview" %} {% set breadcrumbsData = [ { "text": "Surveys", "url": "/surveys/todo", "id": "b-item-1" }, { "text": "Account", "url": "/my-account", "id": "b-item-2" }, { "text": "Share Surveys", "url": "/my-account/share-surveys", "id": "b-item-3" }, { "text": "Select business", "url": "/my-account/share-surveys/business-selection", "id": "b-item-4" }, { "text": "Select survey", "url": "/my-account/share-surveys/survey-selection", "id": "b-item-5" }, { "text": "Enter email address", "url": "/my-account/share-surveys/recipient-email-address", "id": "b-item-6" } ] %} {% block breadcrumbs %} {{ onsBreadcrumbs({ "ariaLabel": "Breadcrumbs", "id": "breadcrumbs", "itemsList": breadcrumbsData }) }} {% endblock breadcrumbs %} {% block main %}
We have sent an email to the new person who will be responding to ONS surveys.
They need to follow the link in the email to confirm their email address and finish setting up their account.
Email not arrived? It may be in their junk folder.
If it does not arrive in the next 15 minutes, please call 0300 1234 931.
{% endblock main %}


Contact
Please email me<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Please call or text me at: 1-347-688-6753
I don't have any social media accounts for personal reasons. Apologies. You can come
find me riding my bike across the Manhattan bridge some nights and running in Prospect Park some mornings.


will be permanently removed. Are you sure you want to proceed?
REMOVE '; ?>Please enter the 's details as requested below.
Username and Password should be a minimum of 5
characters
and a combination of alphabeths and/or numbers.
List of all in the database.
| FIRST NAME | LAST NAME | USERNAME | ACTION |
|---|---|---|---|
| Remove |


The Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary or the Kadalundi Nagaram, is definitely one of the best places to visit in Malappuram. It sits right at the spot where River Kadalundi Puzha flows into the Arabian Sea.Easily accessible from Malappuram and Kozhikode, the bird sanctuary is host to about 100 species of native birds, and about 60 species of migratory birds. This includes Whimbrels, brahminy kites, terns, seagulls, sand plovers, sandpipers, green shanks and turn stones, all of whom appear to their respective seasons.
Associated with one of the most prominent saints of Islam who ever set foot in India, the Pazhayangadi Mosque is more than 500 years old. Known by its other name Kondotty Thangal, the mosque is constructed with a white dome and displays intricate carvings all throughout, giving it a resemblance to the Mughal Style of Architecture. Visited equally by devotees and tourists, the best and most vibrant time to visit this mosque is during the week long festival of Valiya Nercha in February or March


{}
or contain just one pattern, for example {foo}
in contrast to
a list containing multiple patterns, for example {foo,bar}
. In this case braces are handled as a part of the name. For example,
the pattern *.{a}
will match the file my.{a}
but not my.a
.


Ultimate (normal "Frisbee" is dropped due to it being copyrighted) is 7 aside outdoor sport. The aim of the game is to pass the disc from person to person and into the end zone while the other team is on defence. The match starts off with a pull, this is where you throw the disc to other team. When you are holding the disc you are not aloud to move.  If a pass is incomplete then the other team gets the disc. When one team scores the other team goes to the opposite end and the team that scored throws the disc back to them to restart the match.
Travelling - Any movement of your pivot foot while attempting a throw is considered a foul, if called the disc is given to other team.
Contact - Ultimate is strictly a non-contact sport, therefore contact should be kept to a minimum
Counted Out - While attempting to get off a throw your defender will be counting to 10. If they reach 10 and you haven't throw the disc, the other team gets the disc
Fast Count - If your count is considered too fast you can call a fast count where you have to slow down your count
Double Marking - If 2 people or more are marking the same man that is a foul.
I have currently competed in 2 competitions, Trinity Tea Party (Finishing 2nd) & Developmental IV's (Finishing 4th). We have been training for 8 months and are currently looking forward to the next Developmental IV's where we hope to improve on our last position. We believe that with great training and focus we can build upon all our previous experience and push for a trophy in the near future.


--- layout: page title: "About" description: "This is what I do." header-img: "img/about-bg.jpg" tags: personal --- Hi, my name is Vasilii Triandafilidi.
I am a third-year doctorate student doing Entrepreneurial Ph.D. program in Chem&Bio Engineering UBC.
In this blog besides personal learning, I will cover several topics:
1. Entrepreneurship
I am passionate about the commercialization of technologies and bring ideas "from bench to trench." With this in mind during my degree, I am taking courses in business administration and entrepreneurship. Using the business knowledge obtained in this program, I and my colleagues tried to start Tesseract technologies” a venture that uses materials inspired by my research to treat human aneurysms, which unfortunately proven to lack market need.
This made me think that I was very wrong about start-ups and innovation. I had a solution that was looking for a problem, whereas what I need is the opposite: a problem waiting for a solution. So I co-founded a UBC Innovation OnBoard a 6-month start-up program that allows ventures in the field of Health/Food/Energy\&Environment to jumpstart their ideas by working on challenges pitched by industry representatives.
Our program offers a forum for building cohesive multidisciplinary teams that can tackle the real problems faced and pitched by companies in BC.
In this blog, I will share stories and insights on entrepreneurship that I got and still get.
2. Learning ( and specifically languages)
I am lucky that due to my upbringing I developed skills that help me tackle new languages in a matter of weeks. I speak six languages right now conversationally fluently, and if I have two weeks to brush on my forgotten languages, I will be able to converse in 2-3 more. I am not saying this to show off, but to instead lure you into reading more about language learning skills.
I was born in Uzbekistan, a former Soviet republic in the center of a hot region called Middle Asia. When I was growing up, I had to speak two languages - Russian at home and Uzbek on the streets. At school, we would try to learn English, but starting from grade 6 my mom would push me really hard to learn English.
I am ethnically Greek, and I would learn this language after visiting Greece couple of times and buying a couple of CDs with Greek music I learned Greek.
After coming to Vancouver, I was surrounded by Persian speaking friends. The language had a very nice vibe to it and was reminding me of my childhood speaking Uzbek - so I have learned it.
A couple of years into my Graduate degree - I had a bet with my friend that I will learn Spanish in a month for a box of beers. Long story short, in a month I had a couple of beers to drink.
I'm developing a novel method that will allow everyone to learn a language fast and I will share these tips with you.
3. ResearchWith increasing interest in motion capture, soft robotics and wearable medical technologies; human (bio) compatible sensors are required. When creating these bio-friendly sensors, they need to be flexible, conductive and compatible with human tissue. Unfortunately, the materials currently available are either solid, as in electric wire, or liquid, as in car batteries.
Smart hydrogels are a promising class of materials that can potentially bridge the gap between current sensor technologies and tomorrow’s soft-sensor requirements. On a nanoscopic level hydrogel resemble three-dimensional hollow honeycomb cells that trap the conducting particles (ions). By choosing the correct chemical process for creating the gel, one can virtually program it to respond to external stimuli like temperature, pH or mechanical impact (as in touch sensors) hence the name “smart.” To optimize the performance of hydrogels in touch sensors, one needs to understand in detail the behavior of ion movement in the honeycomb cells when pressure is applied.
Through a computer simulation tool called Molecular Dynamics, I will perform an extensive analysis of the flow of ions in the gel cells. Through extensive virtual trials, the most optimal chemical structure will be selected. This will allow experimentalist to synthesize a most favorable gel possible and gain insights into it on a nano level. The optimized hydrogel structures could revolutionize the field of soft tissue human-friendly sensors or artificial muscles.
4. Programming
Here I will share some issues that I encounter doing computer simulations on polyelectrolyte gels, and specifically:
* Python/Bash programming
* Mac OS X/ Linux based systems
Hope you enjoy it! You can say thank you by commenting on my blog and creating your own. I will post the instructions on how to do that later on!


Oh I didn't know there was already a topic
But thanks for the answer anyway :)
And btw I took this screen on the stream of MarineStrike on twitch, maybe he did the plugin himself
Cr1N
Hello guys.
I'm the author of the plugin; quite honestly surprised to see it mentioned here. It was originally a private and badly written extension which was the result of thoughtlessly trying to increase the functionality of what was initially a simple piece of code. Over time it's been shared with some streamers and a few members of the competitive community, but I had no idea people were actively looking for it here.
The version pictured is very old, but I'm currently in the process of re-writing the plugin to be more manageable and easily extensible, with the intent to add a few new features and possibly release it publicly here given how well-received it has been. I will eventually submit it to the forum and plugin gallery for review, so if and when it's released you can find it there.
If BattleLog should ever make its way to BF1 I will try my best to support it. Sadly it looks like BattleLog is on its way out, but as long as the statistics engine and some sort of HTTP based server-state API exists there should be no problem keeping this running.
Any questions feel free to ask or PM.


The underlying components of the Choice server environment are Tomcat and MySQL. Tomcat is what is known as a “servlet container”. It is open-source software from Apache, written in Java, and runs in a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). MySQL is an open-source relational database with which applications running in Tomcat communicate, in order to access persistent storage. In a conventional deployment of this architecture, server applications would be written in Java and implemented as servlets in Tomcat.
Choice server applications, however, are written in the Scala language, which is compiled to Java byte code, runs in a JVM, and can interoperate with code written in Java. They run under a Scala server framework called Lift, which runs on Tomcat. Lift provides many facilities for server applications, including a mechanism called Mapper that is used to persist run-time objects in the database. Choice applications also use Lift's HTML template facility, which is known as Snippets.
The Choice server infrastructure provides support for users and groups. A user may have one or more roles with respect to a group, such as child, researcher, or administrator, with each role providing different kinds of access to the group. Users can be members of multiple groups, and the same user account may even be associated with different usernames in different groups. Usernames need only be unique within a single group, so two users in different groups may have the same username. Groups have a directed acyclic graph organization, but user membership in groups is not transitive with respect to the graph. That is, a user's membership in a group does not automatically confer membership in either parent or child groups of that group.
This rather unusual organization of users and groups is intended to support multiple researchers running multiple classroom experiments, as well as possibly multiple web-based experiments. Each group can have its own “guest” page, which is presented to users who visit the group, but have not logged in. And each group can have a “home” page, which is the starting page for users who log in. A group name or group id can be specified as a URL parameter when accessing the top-level page of the Choice website. If a group so specified has a guest page, an HTTP redirect will take the visitor to it.
If a group is being used for a particular experiment, subgroups of that group may be created to represent different conditions or treatments in the experiment. Each user may be assigned to subgroups, in addition to their membership in the parent group. Client-side applications have access to a user's list of group memberships, and can use it to tailor their behavior.
Each group has controls that determine whether logins are allowed, and whether users are allowed to self-register as group members. These are normally disabled for a newly created group.
The system for organizing client resources on the server is still evolving. At this point in time, the main requirement is to support multiple Choicelets, each composed of HTML, Javascript, and CSS files, and with some sharing of code and other resources between them. The current scheme is a top-level directory containing common HTML files, with subdirectories, “scripts” and “css”, for shared Javascript and CSS files. Within the shared “scripts” directory, there are subdirectories, “jquery”, “model”, and “util”, which contain respectively, jQuery and its plugins, models for shared Choicelet widgets, and shared utility code. Each Choicelet should have its own subdirectory under the top level, with subdirectories such as “scripts” and “css” for files that are specific to a given Choicelet.
Choicelet HTML files should be Lift templates that will be used to generate the actual HTML for the client. Typically that means that Choicelet HTML is wrapped in this way:
Essentially the content within the “my_content” <div> is wrapped by some standard Choicelet HTML from a shared file named “default.html”. However, content within the <head_merge> section is merged into the head of the resulting HTML document. So any Choicelet-specific Javascript or CSS references should be placed there. Code outside the “my_content” <div> is discarded, but it is useful to make the Choicelet HTML file look more like a normal HTML file for validation purposes.
Choicelets are expected to organize Javascript code into modules, and actualize them through the use of require.js. To make this easier, the “default.html” file that wraps Choicelet HTML includes a reference to require.js. The base jQuery framework is also included this way. A Javascript module can be defined with require.js like this:
Here we have a module that uses jQuery and two other modules, “dependencyA” and “dependencyB”. Require.js dynamically loads these dependencies and then calls the function argument of the define statement, passing it the module handles of each of the dependencies. This function returns the module handle for the current module. A module handle can be anything that provides the necessary access to a module. If a module consists of a library of functions, the module handle might be an object containing named references to each of the functions. If the module defines a type of object, the module handle might be the constructor for that object. In other cases, the module handle might be a function.
At the top level of a Choicelet, there would typically be some Javascript code using require.js to invoke an initial Javascript function. It might look like this:
Here it is assumed that the “lightlet” module returns an object which contains a “run” function as its module handle. Notice that the call to run() is wrapped in jQuery's $(), so that it doesn't happen until the DOM is ready.
Another thing that a top-level Choicelet script might do is to define paths to other Javascript modules. Suppose that a Choicelet, lightlet, had a number of Javascript modules in its “scripts” subdirectory. It could configure require.js using:
Then a file, “lightlet.js” in “lightlet/scripts/” could be referenced as “lightlet/lightlet” in a require.js dependency list. Require.js maps the “lightlet” module prefix to the path, “lightlet/scripts/”. Note that “.js” is left off of module references, and this indicates to require.js that a module is expected. However, require.js will also load un-modularized .js files this way, but their module handles are likely to be undefined. When defining paths or referencing other Choicelet files, note that “default.html” sets a <base> in the HTML it generates, and it references the top level of the Choice website. So HTML files in a Choicelet subdirectory do not have a default base of that subdirectory, but rather an explicit base of the top level.
The “default.html” file defines several require.js module prefixes. Modules in the top-level “scripts” directory can be referenced using the prefix, “core”. The “jquery” prefix refers to the top-level “scripts/jquery/” directory, which contains many jQuery plugins, including the jQuery UI plugin. They can be referenced as “jquery/jquery.pluginname”. But the base jQuery is just “jquery”. It also defines a module prefix, “model”, to reference Javascript models for shared components. And it defines a prefix, “util”, to reference utility libraries and objects, including a random number generator, “alea”, and a module that defines a data type for a color. The require.config() operation is cumulative for path definitions, so a Choicelet need only define any additional prefixes it requires.
A Choice client communicates with the server in the context of a session. The session is typically established with the first access to a page on the Choice website, before the user is logged in. Once the user is logged in, the session tracks the username, group memberships, and roles associated with that user. Accesses to session-enabled pages are recorded with timestamps in the database. Choicelets and quizzes are session-enabled by including the “core/choice-session” module as a dependency. As a jQuery plugin, its functions can be called using $.session('fnname', args). It self-initializes through a jQuery page-ready callback, performing a “getSession” operation with the server. In response to “getSession”, the server creates a new session if one does not already exist, and returns information about the current user if the user is logged in. Clients can wait for this information to be available using $.session('onReady', fn), and retrieve it using various other functions of the $.session() plugin.
The 'cgid' field is present whether the user is logged in or not, and reflects either the group parameter on the page URL, or the id of the default group, “/”.
The 'user' field contains an object which currently contains just the login username. It is present only if the user is logged in.
The 'groups' field contains an array of objects, containing one object for each group for which the user holds at least one role. It is present only if the user is logged in. The fields in this object are:
Choicelet client code should be organized according to a Model, View, Controller (MVC) architecture. In particular, the separation of the Choicelet model as a separate component that does not reference the DOM is central to the data collection strategy. When an experimental subject uses a Choicelet, top-level actions on the model component are automatically captured, timestamped, and logged on the server. Meanwhile, a view component of the Choicelet listens for changes in the model, and updates the DOM to show the current state. The controller component of the Choicelet listens for DOM events, which usually indicate user actions, and initiates corresponding actions on the model component.
Actions on a model may cause it to initiate other actions on itself or other sub-models. These actions are considered to be consequences of the top-level actions, which will occur every time the same sequence of top-level actions is executed against the newly initialized model. So they are not logged on the server. But a Choicelet view component may listen for them, if they are relevant to updating the view. A model may also declare “events” when processing an action. Events are essentially null actions. They are not logged, but a view can listen for them.
When a user reloads a Choicelet page, the initial state of the model is restored from the server, and any top-level actions that were logged for the model are played back at maximum speed. This normally results in the page being restored to the state it was in at the time of the reload.
As it is envisioned, extraction of experimental data will be implemented as an alternate view component on the Choicelet model. This component will observe the model as it is updated according to the previously logged actions of users. It need not interact with the DOM at all, but rather will use other Choice infrastructure to save the data it collects. If necessary, the model component can be enhanced after the experiment with additional events that are useful for data collection, as long as the behavior of the model is unchanged.
It is also anticipated that there will be a generic playback controller component for Choicelets, which will enable researchers to watch a user's interaction with the Choicelet, at normal or accelerated speed. In this configuration, the Choicelet's normal view component should do the actual display.
The ChoiceModel API is provided by the 'core/modelLib' module. Its module handle is an object containing constructors for ChoiceModel and ChoiceTimer, so it looks like this:
So a Choicelet model could include modelLib as a dependency and use it like this:
Here the model returns a module handle that is its constructor. We will use the ColorMixer model to illustrate the API.
Choicelet models are approximately subclasses of ChoiceModel. For ColorMixer, this is accomplished by:
First, the constructor for a ColorMixer model is defined. Inside the constructor, the first call is to initModel(), a method that ColorMixer inherits from ChoiceModel:
This creates an association between the specified instance name and the model instance that is being initialized by the constructor. When recorded actions are retrieved from the server, they reference models by their instance names.
ChoiceModel provides a function that returns a function to generate sequential integer ids. This line is using that function to define the nextId() function that is used in the model constructor:
Note that it is actually calling idMaker(), not just inheriting it. Each time idMaker() is called, it returns a new id generator function, which starts generating ids from one.
This line actually performs the inheritance of ColorMixer from ChoiceModel:
Note again that ChoiceModel.define() is being called during the definition of the model, not during creation of an instance.
Next, the actions supported by the model are defined:
A model may also define events:
This creates a method dirtyYellow() on ColorMixer, which does nothing with the state of the model. But clients of the model can listen for 'dirtyYellow', and the model or its clients may call dirtyYellow() on an instance of the model, to declare that the event has happened. Events may also have arguments, and these are passed to listeners when the event is declared. Events are never logged to the server.
A model can also define ordinary methods, but such methods should not change the state of the model. They would be used mainly to query the internal state of the model. For example:
This function checks whether the result of a mix() action matches the target color.
This completes the description of what is needed to define a model. Keep in mind that models should not interact with the DOM, so they rarely need jQuery as a dependency.
A model inherits several functions from ChoiceModel that are used by clients of the model:
The listen() and unlisten() methods of a model provide its clients with a way to observe actions and events on the model. As with jQuery events, a namespace suffix can be attached to the action or event name, separated by a period. This mainly provides a way to distinguish multiple listeners on a model when unlisten() is called. If namespaces are not used, unlisten() will remove all listeners for the specified action or event. It is also possible to call unlisten('.namespace') to remove all listeners for the specified namespace.
In simplest terms, the way to use a model is to create an instance of it using its constructor and the Javascript new operator. Then a view component can use the instance's listen() function to listen for actions or events, and update a display (or collect data). A controller component can invoke actions on the model instance, based on user interaction.
However, for the top-level model, things are slightly more complicated. The top-level model is associated with a state stream on the server. The state stream is created when the instance of the top-level model is created. It records the arguments to the constructor of the top-level instance. As long as the state stream remains open, top-level actions on any model instances are saved in the stream. If the user reloads the page, and a state stream is open, the top-level model instance will be recreated from data in the stream, and saved actions will be played back against it. This should restore the page to its state prior to the reload.
Model instances inherit a close() function from ChoiceModel:
This will close the state stream and call doneFn, if called on the top-level model instance. For other model instances, it simply calls doneFn. Generally it should be called only on the top-level model instance, when the Choicelet is finished.
The top-level model instance is created indirectly, using a function in the 'core/choice-control' module. It is:
The 'core/choice-control' module is a jQuery plugin, with its methods accessed via $.control(). It should be listed as a dependency of the module which creates the top-level model, which is generally not the module that implements the top-level model.
The operation of getState depends on whether a state stream is currently open for the session. If no state stream is open, it uses the model constructor to create an instance of the top-level model. It opens a new state stream and saves the constructor arguments to it. Then it calls the startFn, passing it the model instance as an argument.
If a state stream is open, getState reconstructs the top-level model instance from the previously saved constructor arguments, and passes it to startFn as before. But when startFn returns, it also plays back any saved actions in the state stream, restoring the model state to its previous glory.
In both cases, the startFn generally will initialize the view and controller components of the Choicelet. But if startFn or the controller also perform some initial action on the model, to initialize it for example, it needs to avoid doing this when the state stream already exists. That's because that initial action would have been saved in the stream, and will be replayed against the model when startFn returns.
The choice-control plugin provides methods to test for the different modes of operation:
There are a number of other choice-control methods:


Port St Charles is a development on the northwest coast of the island.
Position 13° 15'45"N, 59° 38'40"W (marina entrance)
See the Barbados Formalities page for full details on clearing into and out of Barbados.
Port St Charles is an official port of entry.
On approach, fly the 'Q' flag and call the dockmaster, on VHF16 or 77 for instructions. You may or may not get an answer.
Arriving vessels should tie up at the fuel dock if they cannot make contact via VHF and the skipper go ashore to complete formalities with the authorities at the end of the dock.
Yachts are not encouraged to anchor here and dinghy ashore, as the authorities will want to be able to "see" the boat.
After clearance, you can obtain permission to anchor in Carlisle Bay.
Holding tanks are obligatory.
In the past, it has been reported that smaller yachts (i.e. less than 150 feet) are not especially welcome at the marina.
Last checked May 2016.
There is a small mega-yacht resort marina with 6 visitor berths for yachts up to 200 feet.
If entering, keep the small red buoys on the right. Reports are that larger yachts (over 35 feet) may find the manoeuvering difficult in the marina basin.
There are buoys to rent outside the harbour. Check with the Dockmaster.
A secure place to leave your boat.
Last updated January 2013.


This Lock Box is constructed of extra-strong powder-coated sheet aluminum with reinforced hinges. Simply insert your access key to retrieve mail. The lock box leaves enough room above for outgoing mail.
Installation is simple. The lock box slides into the front of the mailbox and secures with a single screw.


Approve or Reject a Flag
| Title | Description | Location | Date | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Title 1 | Description 1 | Location 1 | Date 1 | |
| Title 2 | Description 2 | Location 2 | Date 2 | Status 2 |
| Title 3 | Description 3 | Location 3 | Date 3 | |
| Title 4 | Description 4 | Location 4 | Date 4 | |
| Title 5 | Description 5 | Location 5 | Date 5 |