TIZZLE provides tile-style puzzle entertainment for all ages!
If you have questions, comments or would like to make a contribution, feel free to shoot me an e-mail at either of the following addresses:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Or you can find me online!
Woojae's GitHub
Woojae's LinkedIn


I puzzled for a few hours over this the other night - it’s something that used to work in VirtueDesktops, and for some reason I just assumed it no longer functioned under Mac OS X 10.5. Aside from an embarrassing bout of forgetting to get the window number properly, this turned out to be remarkably simple.
You’ll need a copy of the CGSPrivate header in your project.
Simply use the following code, where ibo_window
is an Interface Builder outlet to an NSWindow in your XIB file:
Easy, huh? I’m pretty sure this won’t work across processes (that’s why all the old desktop managers insert code into the running Dock application - it’s one of the only applications that has permission to muck about with other application’s windows). You should also probably try to intercept any errors thrown by the CGS*
methods, but I’ll leave that as an exercise to you, gentle reader.


We exchange cats!
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- scale revolutionary networks
- architect frictionless partnerships
- incubate 24/365 architectures
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- drive 24/7 synergies
- reintermediate cross-platform infrastructures
- drive transparent niches


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{% extends 'layouts/base-fullscreen.html' %}
{% block title %}{% endblock title %}
{% block stylesheets %}{% endblock stylesheets %}
{% block content %}
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| |
| https://www.linkedin.com/in/chris-oberdalhoff-43292b56/ | |
| GITHUB | https://github.com/cober2019/Network-Automation |
| Credit | https://appseed.us/ & https://www.creative-tim.com |


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Here are Today's Best Tech Deals in the First Day of Amazon's Black Friday Sale
by Tom PritchardThe rest of the world decided Black Friday started long ago, but the biggest champion of the sale on these shores has only just kicked off its Black Friday sales period. The proper one, I mean, not that pre-Black Friday season that had very few deals of actual note.
There are so many deals to enjoy today, including daily deals, lightning deals, and ongoing discounts that will be around for several weeks - or while Amazon still has them in stock. Here's a taste of everything there is
Daily Deals
Remember these deals are only available today, and while stocks last, so you have to get your orders in pretty quickly. After the clock rings midnight you're going to have to pay full price again.
- Up to 53% Off Cameras, Binoculars and Recorders
- 50% off McAfee Digital Software
- 50% off on TP link Deco range and accessories
- 46% off Tile Anything Finders
- Up to 40% off Bluetooth Headphones from Arbily, Proze and more
- 36% off Huawei P30 Handsets
- Up to 30% off Celestron
- 30% off Optoma Projector HD143X
- Up to 26% off Gaming Accessories by Razer, Corsair, HyperX, Audio-Technica & more
- 25% off Logitech Z906 Speakers
- Save up to 25% on Electronic products from AmazonBasics and more
- 21% off HUAWEI Watch GT - was £126, now £100
- 20% off Kidde Carbon Monoxide Alarms
Ongoing Deals
Ending 25th November
Ending 27th November
- 19% off Motorola Moto One Vision - was £269.95, now £220
Ending 28th November
- 24% off Sony NW-A45 3.1 Inch Touch Display High Resolution Audio Walkman - was £149, now £113.50
Ending 29th November
- Up to 50% off Bang & Olufsen headphones
- Up to 45% off Sony Headphones
- 15% off selected HyperX Products
Ending 30th November
Ending 1st December
- Up to 40% Marshall Speakers
- 23% off Lenovo Chromebook C330 Convertible Notebook - was £259, now £200
Ending 2nd December
- Up to 54% off GoPro Hero 6 and Fusion Cameras
- Up to 47% off Olympus Lenses
- Up to 40% off House of Marley and Jam Speakers & headphones
- Up to 30% off SanDisk Memory & SSD
- Up to 30% off WD Storage
- 26% off Yamaha MusicCast YAS306 Soundbar with Bluetooth & Airplay - was £284.09, now £209.95
- Up to 26% off Corsair Gaming Accessories
- Up to 25% off ASUS Monitors
- Up to 25% off on Huawei Handsets
- 22% off ASUS ZenBook UX333 Full HD 13.3 Inch Laptop - was £900, now £700
- 20% off ASUS TUF FX505DV 15.6" FHD 120Hz Thin Bezel Gaming Laptop - was £1,179.94, now £949
- Up to 20% off Logitech Computer Accessories
- Up to 20% off Acer Monitors
- Up to 20% off AOC & Philips Monitors
- Save 20% on OnePlus handsets
- 17% off Optoma ML330 500 LED Brightness Ultra-Compact Android LED Projector - was £399, now £330
Ending 4th December
- Echo Show 5 (Black) + Neos SmartCam bundle - was £104.98, now £65
Ending 5th December
- 25% off Huawei MediaPad T3 7" Tablet - was £79.91, now £60
- 18% off HUAWEI MediaPad T5 - 10.1” Android Tablet - was £170, now £140
- 17% off Huawei MediaPad M5 Lite 10-Inch Tablet - was £230, now £190
- 15% off Huawei MediaPad M5 Lite 8 Inch Android Tablet - was £200, now £170
Ending 20th December
21% off Microsoft Surface Book 2 15-Inch PixelSense Display Notebook (Silver) - was £2,349, now £1,860
Ending 31st December
- Up to 24% off DJI Drones and Action Cameras
- 20% off iPad Pro 10.5-inch - was £499, now £399
Ending 7th January
- 16% off Samsung Tab A & Tab 10.5 - was £249, now £209
Ending 14th January
- Up to 35% off Sony soundbars and Blu-ray players
You can find all the other ongoing Black Friday deals we've been covering right here.


Uses of Package
org.apache.shiro.util
-
Packages that use org.apache.shiro.util Package Description <Unnamed> org.apache.shiro.authc Core interfaces and exceptions concerning Authentication (the act of logging-in).org.apache.shiro.authc.credential Support for validating credentials (such as passwords or X509 certificates) during authentication via theCredentialsMatcher
interface and its supporting implementations.org.apache.shiro.cache Caching support used to enhance performance for security operations.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache Ehcache-based implementations of Shiro's cache interfaces.org.apache.shiro.cache.jcache org.apache.shiro.cas org.apache.shiro.config Components that support configuring Shiro in any application.org.apache.shiro.crypto Cryptography Cipher and Hashing components that greatly simplify the JDK's cryptography concepts and add additional convenient behavior.org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash Cryptographic Hashing components that greatly simplify one-way data hashing in an application.org.apache.shiro.env Concepts used to represent Shiro's aggregate state in an application.org.apache.shiro.guice org.apache.shiro.guice.web org.apache.shiro.hazelcast.cache org.apache.shiro.jndi Enables accessing objects located in JNDI that might be useful when configuring a Shiro-enabled application.org.apache.shiro.mgt Provides the masterSecurityManager
interface and a default implementation hierarchy for managing all aspects of Shiro's functionality in an application.org.apache.shiro.realm Components and sub-packages used in supporting the coreRealm
interface.org.apache.shiro.realm.activedirectory Realms that acquire security data from a Microsoft Active Directory.org.apache.shiro.realm.jdbc Realms that acquire security data from an RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) using the JDBC API.org.apache.shiro.realm.ldap Realms that acquire security data from an LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) server utilizing LDAP/Naming APIs.org.apache.shiro.realm.text Realms that acquire security data from text-based data sources such asFile
s or text streams.org.apache.shiro.session.mgt SessionManager
components supporting enterprise session management.org.apache.shiro.subject.support Concrete support implementations of most of theorg.apache.shiro.subject
interfaces.org.apache.shiro.util Your run-of-the-mill 'util' package for components and logic widely used across the framework that can't find their home into a proper OO hierarchy (or, most likely for things used across many hierarchies).org.apache.shiro.web.config Web-specific implementation extensions to theorg.apache.shiro.config
components.org.apache.shiro.web.env Web-specificEnvironment
implementation and support.org.apache.shiro.web.filter Base package supporting all ServletFilter
implementations used to control access to web pages and URL resources.org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc ServletFilter
implementations specific to controlling access based on a subject's authentication status, or those that can execute authentications (log-ins) directly.org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz ServletFilter
implementations that perform authorization (access control) checks based on the Subject's abilities (for example, role or permission checks).org.apache.shiro.web.filter.mgt The filter 'mgt' (management) package contains components used in managing Filters that are available for filter chain construction, the filter chains themselves, as well as resolving filter chains based by name.org.apache.shiro.web.filter.session org.apache.shiro.web.mgt Components supporting web-specificSecurityManager
implementations.org.apache.shiro.web.servlet Shiro-specific implementations of the Servlet API (Servlet Filters, et al).org.apache.shiro.web.session.mgt org.apache.shiro.web.subject.support Supporting implementations oforg.apache.shiro.web.subject
package interfaces. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by <Unnamed> Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.authc Class Description ByteSource AByteSource
wraps a byte array and provides additional encoding operations. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.authc.credential Class Description ByteSource AByteSource
wraps a byte array and provides additional encoding operations. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.cache Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction.Initializable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires initialization. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.cache.jcache Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction.Initializable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires initialization. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.cas Class Description Initializable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires initialization.Nameable Interface implemented by components that can be named, such as via configuration, and wish to have that name set once it has been configured. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.config Class Description AbstractFactory TODO - Class JavaDocFactory Generics-aware interface supporting the Factory Method design pattern. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.crypto Class Description ByteSource AByteSource
wraps a byte array and provides additional encoding operations. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.crypto.hash Class Description ByteSource AByteSource
wraps a byte array and provides additional encoding operations. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.env Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.guice Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.guice.web Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction.Nameable Interface implemented by components that can be named, such as via configuration, and wish to have that name set once it has been configured. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.hazelcast.cache Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction.Initializable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires initialization. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.jndi Class Description Factory Generics-aware interface supporting the Factory Method design pattern. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.mgt Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.realm Class Description Initializable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires initialization.Nameable Interface implemented by components that can be named, such as via configuration, and wish to have that name set once it has been configured. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.realm.activedirectory Class Description Initializable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires initialization.Nameable Interface implemented by components that can be named, such as via configuration, and wish to have that name set once it has been configured. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.realm.jdbc Class Description Initializable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires initialization.Nameable Interface implemented by components that can be named, such as via configuration, and wish to have that name set once it has been configured. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.realm.ldap Class Description Initializable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires initialization.Nameable Interface implemented by components that can be named, such as via configuration, and wish to have that name set once it has been configured. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.realm.text Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction.Initializable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires initialization.Nameable Interface implemented by components that can be named, such as via configuration, and wish to have that name set once it has been configured. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.session.mgt Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction.MapContext AMapContext
provides a common base for context-based data storage in aMap
. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.subject.support Class Description MapContext AMapContext
provides a common base for context-based data storage in aMap
.ThreadState AThreadState
instance manages any state that might need to be bound and/or restored during a thread's execution. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.util Class Description ByteSource AByteSource
wraps a byte array and provides additional encoding operations.Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction.Factory Generics-aware interface supporting the Factory Method design pattern.Initializable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires initialization.PatternMatcher Interface for components that can match source strings against a specified pattern string.UnknownClassException The Shiro framework'sRuntimeException
equivalent of the JDK'sClassNotFoundException
, to maintain a RuntimeException paradigm. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.web.config Class Description AbstractFactory TODO - Class JavaDocFactory Generics-aware interface supporting the Factory Method design pattern. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.web.env Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction.Initializable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires initialization. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.web.filter Class Description Nameable Interface implemented by components that can be named, such as via configuration, and wish to have that name set once it has been configured.PatternMatcher Interface for components that can match source strings against a specified pattern string. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc Class Description Nameable Interface implemented by components that can be named, such as via configuration, and wish to have that name set once it has been configured. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authz Class Description Nameable Interface implemented by components that can be named, such as via configuration, and wish to have that name set once it has been configured. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.web.filter.mgt Class Description PatternMatcher Interface for components that can match source strings against a specified pattern string. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.web.filter.session Class Description Nameable Interface implemented by components that can be named, such as via configuration, and wish to have that name set once it has been configured. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.web.mgt Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.web.servlet Class Description Nameable Interface implemented by components that can be named, such as via configuration, and wish to have that name set once it has been configured. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.web.session.mgt Class Description Destroyable Shiro container-agnostic interface that indicates that this object requires a callback during destruction.MapContext AMapContext
provides a common base for context-based data storage in aMap
. -
Classes in org.apache.shiro.util used by org.apache.shiro.web.subject.support Class Description MapContext AMapContext
provides a common base for context-based data storage in aMap
.


Ricciardo looks to "get the horns out" and attack during US GP
by Matt GrettonDaniel Ricciardo fought hard to get into the final qualifying session at COTA. The Australian will be starting from P9, behind both McLaren cars. The Renault driver insists he'll get the horns out during the race and push for higher places.
This time last year, Renault were pushing Haas for the best of the rest position. 12 months on and they've been outperformed by McLaren. Ricciardo understands the situation and even though the battle is almost over, Ricciardo is keen to challenge those in front.
“We’ve had a difficult few weeks in qualifying where I haven’t been too happy with myself, but today was much better and I extracted more or less everything from the car. We’ll give it a go tomorrow, I’ll get the horns out and look to advance," Ricciardo said.
"We’re starting on the Soft, maybe it’s not the best tyre to begin the race, but it is what it is. We’re on the clean side of the grid too, so we’ll be looking to make some places there and get our heads down.”


Launch
applet (browser auto-detect)
launch applet
applet (javascript auto-detect)
launch applet
applet (force plugin V1)
launch applet
applet (force plugin V2)
launch applet
application
brand/logo/*.png
brand/system.properties
brand/platform.properties
brand/branding.properties


Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
聯發科原訂明年1月1日合併晨星，只因合併案在外國事業結合申請核准程序仍在進行中，決定將合併基準日延至明年5月1日。
聯發科原訂明年1月1日合併晨星，只因合併案在外國事業結合申請核准程序仍在進行中，決定將合併基準日延至明年5月1日。
聯發科原訂明年1月1日合併晨星，只因合併案在外國事業結合申請核准程序仍在進行中，決定將合併基準日延至明年5月1日。
聯發科原訂明年1月1日合併晨星，只因合併案在外國事業結合申請核准程序仍在進行中，決定將合併基準日延至明年5月1日。
聯發科原訂明年1月1日合併晨星，只因合併案在外國事業結合申請核准程序仍在進行中，決定將合併基準日延至明年5月1日。
聯發科表示，合併晨星的目標不變，將與晨星全力配合相關單位的核准程序及時程，目前對相關申請進度保持審慎樂觀。


Created by @tforrer and @msebel,
Software engineers at Blogwerk.
If you need to provide a customer theme with many different templates and business logic, you'll some following problems:
We have 150+ individual customer solutions based on WordPress. What we want (need!) is reusability, standards, clean object oriented code, a meaningful file structure.
|
In complex themes you have a lot more views to store
|
What about everything else? (S)CSS, scripts, language files, images, fonts? You could do what you want here, but let us give you some advice.
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Another example of encapsulation. Recently we've had a severe case of "oh that class starts growing too big".
Then we wanted to add friendship functionality to the challenger entity. While developing, we noticed, that it's a bit more complex than expected.
Solution: Separating the concerns, by giving the friendship their own entity class. Now we have a 200 and 300 line class.
Connect your Fitbit, Jawbone or Withings device and challenge other users on the platform. The app should motivate end users to have more activity than their opponent over a period of time.


Learn Japanese by receiving a random word with its romaji, hiragana, kanji, katakana and english definition with every click of a new tab!
Thank you so much for using JapaneseTab!
Learn more about the developer by going here :)
Any issues?


sales
Better than last week (75%)
subscriptions
Worse than last week (46%)
traffic
Better than last week (31%)
RECORDS
| ID | NAME | PLAN | PROVIDER | ACTIVE DATE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{record.id}} | {{record.firstname}} {{record.lastname}} | {{record.plan}} | {{record.provider}} | {{record.startDate}} |


-
search the web for archive of mayun mp3
-
google.com
@,@
find one useful webiste
-
ishare.iask.sina.com.cn
>_<
only two items
-
bt.neu6.edu.cn
@,@
A lot of resources, are well packed.
-
download 10 first archive
-
youku.com
>_<
Too much, every video is single, should be downloaded one by one
-
mp3.baidu.com
>_<
Most of the audio are not mayun's own speech.
-
search the alibaba official website
does not find the website of the company
At last I find the alibaba page
in youku.com where contains a lot of videos about Mayun.
And the alibaba video page
where also contains a lot of related videos.


| I l@ve RuBoard |
Still, a man hears
What he wants to hear
And disregards the rest
La la la…
Simon and Garfunkel, "The Boxer"
Early on we are taught not to write a program as a single big chunk, but that we should "divide and conquer" and separate a program into modules. Each module has its own responsibilities; in fact, a good definition of a module (or class) is that it has a single, well-defined responsibility.
But once you separate a program into different modules based on responsibility, you have a new problem. At runtime, how do the objects talk to each other? How do you manage the logical dependencies between them? That is, how do you synchronize changes in state (or updates to data values) in these different objects? It needs to be done in a clean, flexible manner—we don't want them to know too much about each other. We want each module to be like the man in the song and just hear what it wants to hear.
We'll start off with the concept of an event. An event is simply a special message that says "something interesting just happened" (interesting, of course, lies in the eye of the beholder). We can use events to signal changes in one object that some other object may be interested in.
Using events in this way minimizes coupling between those objects—the sender of the event doesn't need to have any explicit knowledge of the receiver. In fact, there could be multiple receivers, each one focused on its own agenda (of which the sender is blissfully unaware).
We need to exercise some care in using events, however. In an early version of Java, for example, one routine received all the events destined for a particular application. Not exactly the road to easy maintenance or evolution.
Why is it bad to push all the events through a single routine? It violates object encapsulation—that one routine now has to have intimate knowledge of the interactions among many objects. It also increases the coupling—and we're trying to decrease coupling. Because the objects themselves have to have knowledge of these events as well, you are probably going to violate the DRY principle, orthogonality, and perhaps even sections of the Geneva Convention. You may have seen this kind of code—it is usually dominated by a huge case statement or multiway if-then. We can do better.
Objects should be able to register to receive only the events they need, and should never be sent events they don't need. We don't want to spam our objects! Instead, we can use a publish/subscribe protocol, illustrated using the UML sequence diagram in Figure 5.4 on the next page.[7]
[7] See also the Observer pattern in [GHJV95] for more information.
A sequence diagram shows the flow of messages among several objects, with objects arranged in columns. Each message is shown as a labeled arrow from the sender's column to the receiver's column. An asterisk in the label means that more than one message of this type can be sent.
If we are interested in certain events generated by a Publisher, all we have to do is register ourselves. The Publisher keeps track of all interested Subscriber objects; when the Publisher generates an event of interest, it will call each Subscriber in turn and notify them that the event has occurred.
There are several variations on this theme—mirroring other communication styles. Objects may use publish/subscribe on a peer-to-peer basis (as we saw above); they may use a "software bus" where a centralized object maintains the database of listeners and dispatches messages appropriately. You might even have a scheme where critical events get broadcast to all listeners—registered or not. One possible implementation of events in a distributed environment is illustrated by the CORBA Event Service, described in the box on the following page.
We can use this publish/subscribe mechanism to implement a very important design concept: the separation of a model from views of the model. Let's start with a GUI-based example, using the Smalltalk design in which this concept was born.
Suppose you have a spreadsheet application. In addition to the numbers in the spreadsheet itself, you also have a graph that displays the numbers as a bar chart and a running total dialog box that shows the sum of a column in the spreadsheet.
The CORBA Event ServiceThe CORBA Event Service allows participating objects to send and receive event notifications via a common bus, the event channel. The event channel arbitrates event handling, and also decouples event producers from event consumers. It works in two basic ways: push and pull. In push mode, event suppliers inform the event channel that an event has occurred. The channel then automatically distributes that event to all client objects that have registered interest. In pull mode, clients periodically poll the event channel, which in turn polls the supplier that offers event data corresponding to the request. Although the CORBA Event Service can be used to implement all of the event models discussed in this section, you can also view it as a different animal. CORBA facilities communication among objects written in different programming languages running on geographically dispersed machines with different architectures. Sitting on top of CORBA, the event service give you a decoupled way of interacting with applications around the world, written by people you've never met, using programming languages you'd rather not know about. |
Obviously, we don't want to have three separate copies of the data. So we create a model—the data itself, with common operations to manipulate it. Then we can create separate views that display the data in different ways: as a spreadsheet, as a graph, or in a totals box. Each of these views may have its own controller. The graph view may have a controller that allows you to zoom in or out, or pan around the data, for example. None of this affects the data itself, just that view.
This is the key concept behind the Model-View-Controller (MVC0 idiom: separating the model from both the GUI that represents it and the controls that manage the view.[8]
[8] The view and controller are tightly coupled, and in some Implementations of MVC the view and controller are a single component.
By doing so, you can take advantage of some interesting possibilities. You can support multiple views of the same data model. You can use common viewers on many different data models. You can even support multiple controllers to provide nontraditional input mechanisms.
Tip 42
Separate Views from Models
By loosening the coupling between the model and the view/controller, you buy yourself a lot of flexibility at low cost. In fact, this technique is one of the most important ways of maintaining reversibility (see Reversibility).
A good example of an MVC design can be found in the Java tree widget. The tree widget (which displays a clickable, traversable tree) is actually a set of several different classes organized in an MVC pattern.
To produce a fully functional tree widget, all you need to do is provide a data source that conforms to the TreeModel interface. Your code now becomes the model for the tree.
The view is created by the TreeCellRenderer and TreeCellEditor classes, which can be inherited from and customized to provide different colors, fonts, and icons in the widget. JTree acts as the controller for the tree widget and provides some general viewing functionality.
Because we have decoupled the model from the view, we simplify the programming a great deal. You don't have to think about programming a tree widget anymore. Instead, you just provide a data source.
Suppose the vice president comes up to you and wants a quick application that lets her navigate the company's organizational chart, which is held in a legacy database on the mainframe. Just write a wrapper that takes the mainframe data, presents it as a TreeModel, and voilà: you have a fully navigable tree widget.
Now you can get fancy and start using the viewer classes; you can change how nodes are rendered, and use special icons, fonts, or colors. When the VP comes back and says the new corporate standards dictate the use of a Skull and Crossbones icon for certain employees, you can make the changes to TreeCellRenderer without touching any other code.
While MVC is typically taught in the context of GUI development, it is really a general-purpose programming technique. The view is an interpretation of the model (perhaps a subset)—it doesn't need to be graphical. The controller is more of a coordination mechanism, and doesn't have to be related to any sort of input device.
Model. The abstract data model representing the target object. The model has no direct knowledge of any views or controllers.
View. A way to interpret the model. It subscribes to changes in the model and logical events from the controller.
Controller. A way to control the view and provide the model with new data. It publishes events to both the model and the view.
Let's look at a nongraphical example.
Baseball is a unique institution. Where else can you learn such gems of trivia as "this has become the highest-scoring game played on a Tuesday, in the rain, under artificial lights, between teams whose names start with a vowel?" Suppose we were charged with developing software to support those intrepid announcers who must dutifully report on the scores, the statistics, and the trivia.
Clearly we need information on the game in progress—the teams playing, the conditions, the player at bat, the score, and so on. These facts form our models; they will be updated as new information arrives (a pitcher is changed, a player strikes out, it starts raining…).
We'll then have a number of view objects that use these models. One view might look for runs so it can update the current score. Another may receive notifications of new batters, and retrieve a brief summary of their year-to-date statistics. A third viewer may look at the data and check for new world records. We might even have a trivia viewer, responsible for coming up with those weird and useless facts that thrill the viewing public.
But we don't want to flood the poor announcer with all of these views directly. Instead, we'll have each view generate notifications of "interesting" events, and let some higher-level object schedule what gets shown.[9]
[9] The fact that a plane flies overhead probably isn't interesting unless it's the 100th plane to fly overhead that night.
These viewer objects have suddenly become models for the higher-level object, which itself might then be a model for different formatting viewers. One formatting viewer might create the teleprompter script for the announcer, another might generate video captions directly on the satellite uplink, another might update the network's or team's Web pages (see Figure 5.5).
This kind of model-viewer network is a common (and valuable) design technique. Each link decouples raw data from the events that created it—each new viewer is an abstraction. And because the relationships are a network (not just a linear chain), we have a lot of flexibility. Each model may have many viewers, and one viewer may work with multiple models.
In advanced systems such as this one, it can be handy to have debugging views—specialized views that show you in-depth details of the model. Adding a facility to trace individual events can be a great time saver as well.
Despite the decrease in coupling we have achieved, listeners and event generators (subscribers and publishers) still have some knowledge of each other. In Java, for instance, they must agree on common interface definitions and calling conventions.
In the next section, we'll look at ways of reducing coupling even further by using a form of publish and subscribe where none of the participants need know about each other, or call each other directly.
| 29. | Suppose you have an airline reservation system that includes the concept of a flight: public interface Flight { // Return false if flight full. public boolean addPassenger(Passenger p); public void addToWaitList(Passenger p); public int getFlightCapacity(); public int getNumPassengers(); } If you add a passenger to the wait list, they'll be put on the flight automatically when an opening becomes available. There's a massive reporting job that goes through looking for overbooked or full flights to suggest when additional flights might be scheduled. It works fine, but it takes hours to run. We'd like to have a little more flexibility in processing wait-list passengers, and we've got to do something about that big report—it takes too long to run. Use the ideas from this section to redesign this interface. |
| I l@ve RuBoard |


Hiera 1: Using Hiera With Puppet
Puppet can use Hiera to look up data. This helps you disentangle site-specific data from Puppet code, for easier code re-use and easier management of data that needs to differ across your node population.
Enabling and Configuring Hiera for Puppet
Puppet 3 and Newer
Puppet 3.x and later ship with Hiera support already enabled. You don’t need to do anything extra. Hiera data should live on the puppet master(s).
- Puppet expects to find the hiera.yaml file at
$confdir
/hiera.yaml
(usually/etc/puppet/hiera.yaml
); you can change this with thehiera_config
setting. - Remember to set the
:datadir
setting for any backends you are using. It’s generally best to use something within the/etc/puppet/
directory, so that the data is in the first place your fellow admins expect it.
Puppet 2.7
You must install both Hiera and the hiera-puppet
package on your puppet master(s) before using Hiera with Puppet. Hiera data should live on the puppet master(s).
- Puppet expects to find the hiera.yaml file at
$confdir
/hiera.yaml
(usually/etc/puppet/hiera.yaml
). This is not configurable in 2.7. - Remember to set the
:datadir
setting for any backends you are using. It’s generally best to use something within the/etc/puppet/
directory, so that the data is in the first place your fellow admins expect it.
Older Versions
Hiera is not supported with older versions, but you may be able to make it work similarly to Puppet 2.7.
Puppet Variables Passed to Hiera
Whenever a Hiera lookup is triggered from Puppet, Hiera receives a copy of all of the variables currently available to Puppet, including both top scope and local variables.
Hiera can then use any of these variables in the variable interpolation tokens scattered throughout its hierarchy and data sources. You can enable more flexible hierarchies by creating custom facts for things like datacenter location and server purpose.
Special Pseudo-Variables
When doing any Hiera lookup, with both automatic parameter lookup and the Hiera functions, Puppet sets two variables that aren’t available in regular Puppet manifests:
calling_module
— The module in which the lookup is written. This has the same value as the Puppet$module_name
variable.calling_class
— The class in which the lookup is evaluated. If the lookup is written in a defined type, this is the class in which the current instance of the defined type is declared.
Note: These variables were broken in some versions of Puppet.
- Puppet 2.7.x: Good
- Puppet 3.0.x and 3.1.x: Bad
- Puppet 3.2.x and later: Good
Best Practices
Do not use local Puppet variables in Hiera’s hierarchy or data sources. Only use facts and ENC-set top-scope variables. Use absolute top-scope notation (i.e. %{::clientcert}
instead of %{clientcert}
) in Hiera’s config files to avoid accidentally using a local variable instead of a top-scope one.
This is not a hard and fast rule, and there are some exceptions, but you’ll almost always regret breaking it. This is because the point of Hiera is to disentangle data from code, and enable node-specific hierarchical data that doesn’t rely on Puppet’s parse order.
If Hiera only relies on variables that are set before Puppet starts to parse its manifests, its data will be node-specific but static and reliable. This is good! It frees you from weird parse-order dependent bugs, makes it easier to test your data, and makes it easier to tell exactly what’s going to happen by looking at a given section of Puppet code.
On the other hand, making Hiera rely on local variables set by Puppet’s parser means you’re still fundamentally embedding data in your code, and will still have all of the problems Hiera is meant to solve.
Again, there are sometimes exceptions, but tread carefully.
Automatic Parameter Lookup
Puppet will automatically retrieve class parameters from Hiera, using lookup keys like myclass::parameter_one
.
Note: This feature only exists in Puppet 3 and later.
Puppet classes can optionally include parameters in their definition. This lets the class ask for data to be passed in at the time that it’s declared, and it can use that data as normal variables throughout its definition.
# In this example, $parameter's value gets set when `myclass` is eventually declared.
# Class definition:
class myclass ($parameter_one = "default text") {
file {'/tmp/foo':
ensure => file,
content => $parameter_one,
}
}
Parameters can be set several ways, and Puppet will try each of these ways in order when the class is declared or assigned by an ENC:
- If it was a resource-like declaration/assignment, Puppet will use any parameters that were explicitly set. These always win if they exist.
- Puppet will automatically look up parameters in Hiera, using
<CLASS NAME>::<PARAMETER NAME>
as the lookup key. (E.g.myclass::parameter_one
in the example above.) - If 1 and 2 didn’t result in a value, Puppet will use the default value from the class’s definition. (E.g.
"default text"
in the example above.) - If 1 through 3 didn’t result in a value, fail compilation with an error.
Step 2 interests us most here. Because Puppet will always look for parameters in Hiera, you can safely declare any class with include
, even classes with parameters. (This wasn’t the case in earlier Puppet versions.) Using the example above, you could have something like the following in your Hiera data:
# /etc/puppet/hieradata/web01.example.com.yaml
---
myclass::parameter_one: "This node is special, so we're overriding the common configuration that the other nodes use."
# /etc/puppet/hieradata/common.yaml
---
myclass::parameter_one: "This node can use the standard configuration."
You could then say include myclass
for every node, and each node would get its own appropriate data for the class.
Why
Automatic parameter lookup is good for writing reusable code because it is regular and predictable. Anyone downloading your module can look at the first line of each manifest and easily see which keys they need to set in their own Hiera data. If you use the Hiera functions in the body of a class instead, you will need to clearly document which keys the user needs to set.
Limitations
Priority Only
Automatic parameter lookup can only use the priority lookup method.
This means that, although it can receive any type of data from Hiera (strings, arrays, hashes), it cannot merge values from multiple hierarchy levels; you will only get the value from the most-specific hierarchy level.
If you need to merge arrays or merge hashes from multiple hierarchy levels, you will have to use the hiera_array
or hiera_hash
functions in the body of your classes.
No Puppet 2.7 Support
Relying on automatic parameter lookup means writing code for Puppet 3 and later only.
You can, however, mimic Puppet 3 behavior in 2.7 by combining parameter defaults and Hiera function calls:
class myclass (
$parameter_one = hiera('myclass::parameter_one', 'default text')
) {
# ...
}
- This pattern requires that 2.7 users have Hiera installed; it will fail compilation if the Hiera functions aren’t present.
- Since all of your parameters will have defaults, your class will be safely declarable with
include
, even in 2.7. - Puppet 2.7 will do Hiera lookups for the same keys that Puppet 3 automatically looks up.
- Note that this carries a performance penalty, since Puppet 3 will end up doing two Hiera calls for each parameter instead of one.
Hiera Lookup Functions
Puppet has three lookup functions for retrieving data from Hiera. All of these functions return a single value (though note that this value may be an arbitrarily complex nested data structure), and can be used anywhere that Puppet accepts values of that type. (Resource attributes, resource titles, the values of variables, etc.)
hiera
- Standard priority lookup. Gets the most specific value for a given key. This can retrieve values of any data type (strings, arrays, hashes) from Hiera.
hiera_array
- Uses an array merge lookup. Gets all of the string or array values in the hierarchy for a given key, then flattens them into a single array of unique values.
hiera_hash
- Uses a hash merge lookup. Expects every value in the hierarchy for a given key to be a hash, and merges the top-level keys in each hash into a single hash. Note that this does not do a deep-merge in the case of nested structures.
Each of these functions takes three arguments. In order:
- Key (required): the key to look up in Hiera.
- Default (optional): a fallback value to use if Hiera doesn’t find anything for that key.
- Override (optional): the name of an arbitrary hierarchy level to insert at the top of the hierarchy. This lets you use a temporary modified hierarchy for a single lookup. (E.g., instead of a hierarchy of
$clientcert -> $osfamily -> common
, a lookup would usespecialvalues -> $clientcert -> $osfamily -> common
; you would need to be sure to havespecialvalues.yaml
or whatever in your Hiera data.)
Using the Lookup Functions From Templates
In general, don’t use the Hiera functions from templates. That pattern is too obscure, and will hurt your code’s maintainability — if a co-author of your code needs to change the Hiera invocations and is searching .pp
files for them, they might miss the extra invocations in the template. Even if only one person is maintaining this code, they’re likely to make similar mistakes after a few months have passed.
It’s much better to use the lookup functions in a Puppet manifest, assign their value to a local variable, and then reference the variable from the template. This keeps the function calls isolated in one layer of your code, where they’ll be easy to find if you need to modify them later or document them for other users.
Nevertheless, you can, of course, use the scope.function_
prefix to call any of the Hiera functions from a template.
Interacting With Structured Data from Hiera
The lookup functions and the automatic parameter lookup always return the values of top-level keys in your Hiera data — they cannot descend into deeply nested data structures and return only a portion of them. To do this, you need to first store the whole structure as a variable, then index into the structure from your Puppet code or template.
Example:
# /etc/puppet/hieradata/appservers.yaml
---
proxies:
- hostname: lb01.example.com
ipaddress: <IP_ADDRESS>
- hostname: lb02.example.com
ipaddress: <IP_ADDRESS>
Good:
# Get the structured data:
$proxies = hiera('proxies')
# Index into the structure:
$use_ip = $proxies[1]['ipaddress'] # will be <IP_ADDRESS>
Bad:
# Try to skip a step, and give Hiera something it doesn't understand:
$use_ip = hiera( 'proxies'[1]['ipaddress'] ) # will explode
Assigning Classes to Nodes With Hiera (hiera_include
)
You can use Hiera to assign classes to nodes with the special hiera_include
function. This lets you assign classes in great detail without repeating yourself — it’s essentially what people have traditionally tried and failed to use node inheritance for. It can get you the benefits of a rudimentary external node classifier without having to write an actual ENC.
- Choose a key name to use for classes. Below, we assume you’re just using
classes
. - In your
/etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp
file, write the linehiera_include('classes')
. Put this outside any node definition, and below any top-scope variables that you might be relying on for Hiera lookups. - Create
classes
keys throughout your Hiera hierarchy.- The value of each
classes
key should be an array. - Each value in the array should be the name of a class.
- The value of each
Once you do these steps, Puppet will automatically assign classes from Hiera to every node. Note that the hiera_include
function uses an array merge lookup to retrieve the classes
array; this means every node will get every class from its hierarchy.
Example:
Assuming a hierarchy of:
:hierarchy:
- "%{::clientcert}"
- "%{::osfamily}"
- common
…and given Hiera data like the following:
# common.yaml
---
classes:
- base
- security
- mcollective
# Debian.yaml
---
classes:
- base::linux
- localrepos::apt
# web01.example.com
---
classes:
- apache
- apache::passenger
…the Ubuntu node web01.example.com
would get all of the following classes:
- apache
- apache::passenger
- base::linux
- localrepos::apt
- base
- security
- mcollective
In Puppet 3, each of these classes would then automatically look up any required parameters in Hiera.


---
title: Q&A Static Taint Analysis Project
ref: pass2019-project-qa
---
This document contains questions by students and answers by the TAs.
-
Why does this contract fail to compile?
function main() public payable {
uint a = 0;
for (uint i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
a = a + 1;
}
sink(a); // Safe
}
Answer: This was due to a bug in the code template. It is fixed in the latest commit in the Gitlab repository of the code template.
-
Is this function Safe or Tainted?
function test1() payable public {
int256 tmp = 2;
if (msg.value > 4) {
tmp = 2;
}
sink(tmp);
}
Answer: This contract is Safe. Examples like this can be tricky to handle, especially if computations are involved (you are not expected to model arithmetic operations in the solution).
-
Is this function Safe or Tainted?
function test2() payable public {
int256 tmp = 1;
if (msg.value > 4) {
tmp = tmp + 2;
}
if (tmp > 0) {
sink(54);
} else {
sink(9);
}
}
Answer: This contract is Safe, because the sink arguments are constants (do not depend on msg.sender and msg.value) and the execution of the sinks do not depend on msg.sender and msg.value.
-
Is z considered tainted at the end of the function? The fact that the transaction reached the assignment to z and terminated successfully, instead reverting due to an out-of-gas exception, leaks information about msg.value:
function bar () public payable {
uint x = msg.value;
while (x < 100) {}
uint z = 1;
}
Answer:
You can assume that all transactions terminate successfully. Termination-sensitive information flow analysis does exist as a notion, but goes beyond the scope of the project. The value of z is therefore considered untainted in this example.
-
Can we assume that the IR is produced from Solidity code, and not customly written directly in the IR representation.
Answer:
You can assume that the IR you analyze was produced from Solidity code.


I am a Full Stack Jr. Developer with interest in Android Development. I am creative, passionate and looking for ways to make an impact.
Delivered instructional curriculm to small groups and classes of about 20 students.
Assisted with instruction, led small group in completing practice assignments, and assisted students through the coursework.
Designed, implemented and led educational activities for U.S. citizens on global solidarity, administered budget, wrote articles, worked with local partners and organized a U.S. based speaker tours.
Managed projects and provided program support, created communications products, full cycle grant management and supported diaspora campaign work.
Apart from programming, I enjoy learning about different subjects including history, communication and current events. One of my favorite places is the Miami Dade Public library.
I'm a people person! I have lived in Thailand, Uganda, Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic. Travel is given me such a rich life with experiences I will never forget. As a result, I am able easily able to connect and work with people from diverse backgrounds.
I also wrote a short story in an anthology called "Alone Together: Tales of Sisterhood and Solitude in Latin America". Click to see reviews.


--- layout: post title: New TV date: 2011-06-29 14:33:39.000000000 -05:00 categories: - General tags: - new - tv status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: '1' author: login: Blake email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Blake first_name: Blake last_name: Harley ---
As a self-titled teevee aficionado, the time would eventually come when I would need a nice, big TV. I used to rely on a TV that was on loan from a friend, but she reclaimed it a few weeks ago, and my HTPC has been rather lonely ever since.
To fill the void left by the recently departed 37" LCD, I bought a 42" Panasonic Plasma. The P42ST30. I was originally going to get a P46S30 (the non-3D, 46" version of the P42ST30), but after doing quite a bit of research on the matter it turns out that Panasonic puts higher quality display panels on their 3D TVs. I have no desire for 3D movies, but I do like my picture quality.
I like picture quality so much that I'm following the burn-in suggestions of some TV gurus. Basically, I'm running a specific set of slides for 100 hours to burn the plasma in evenly. When the TV is new, the plasma is a lot more active then it will be for the rest of its life. This burn-in process tries to curb any parts of the panel aging more rapidly in this crucial time period.
Unfortunately, I now have to stare at a very nice TV for the next 100 hours while it only displays solid colors. I did sneak in 5 minutes of The Dark Knight before starting the burn-in---it was amazing. I can't wait to see what the picture looks like after I calibrate it.
Here's a rather dull picture of the new TV. Ignore the crappy image quality. I have a custom back plate on my iPhone which quickly filled the lens up with dust and dirt. I also plan on getting a proper media center going when I move in the fall.


Touchscreen IRQ
Overview
The touchscreen generates an interrupt when touched.
Requirements
A counter that keeps track of the number of times touched.
This value is stored at a fixed location in memory, because I have a simple test setup.
The touchscreen generates an interrupt when touched.
A counter that keeps track of the number of times touched.
This value is stored at a fixed location in memory, because I have a simple test setup.


Utilities for working with resources stored in Riak as standard java.io objects. Opening a RiakInputStream to a resource will allow code that doesn't know anything about Key/Value datastores to access resources stored within them.
Alternatively, writing data to a RiakOutputStream will create a resources in Riak without exposing any of the underlying data access code to the calling application.


Topics
Video Tutorials
Slides
Links
Operating System & System Programming
Introduction: What is operating system
History of operating system Operating
System concepts(System Operation)
Operating system structure
Structures of Operating system
Processes and Threads Processes
Introduction to Threads
Interprocess communication
Scheduling Classical IPC problems
Memory Management
No memory abstraction
Virtual memory
Page replacement algorithms
Design issues for paging systems
Implementation issues
File Systems
Files Directories
File system management
Input / Output Principles of I/O hardware
Principles of I/O software
I/O software layers
Disks Clocks
Thin clients
Deadlocks Resources Detection
Recovery Avoidance Prevention
Virtualization(Machines) and Cloud


AWS::SQS::Queue
The AWS::SQS::Queue
resource creates an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue.
For more information about creating FIFO (first-in-first-out) queues, see the tutorial Create a queue using AWS CloudFormation in the Amazon Simple Queue Service Developer Guide.
Syntax
To declare this entity in your AWS CloudFormation template, use the following syntax:
JSON
{ "Type" : "AWS::SQS::Queue", "Properties" : { "ContentBasedDeduplication" :
Boolean
, "DelaySeconds":Integer
, "FifoQueue" :Boolean
, "KmsMasterKeyId":String
, "KmsDataKeyReusePeriodSeconds":Integer
, "MaximumMessageSize":Integer
, "MessageRetentionPeriod":Integer
, "QueueName":String
, "ReceiveMessageWaitTimeSeconds":Integer
, "RedrivePolicy":RedrivePolicy
, "Tags" : [Resource Tag, ...
], "VisibilityTimeout":Integer
} }
YAML
Type: AWS::SQS::Queue Properties: ContentBasedDeduplication:
Boolean
DelaySeconds:Integer
FifoQueue:Boolean
KmsMasterKeyId:String
KmsDataKeyReusePeriodSeconds:Integer
MaximumMessageSize:Integer
MessageRetentionPeriod:Integer
QueueName:String
ReceiveMessageWaitTimeSeconds:Integer
RedrivePolicy:RedrivePolicy
Tags:Resource Tag
VisibilityTimeout:Integer
Properties
ContentBasedDeduplication
-
For first-in-first-out (FIFO) queues, specifies whether to enable content-based deduplication. During the deduplication interval, Amazon SQS treats messages that are sent with identical content as duplicates and delivers only one copy of the message. For more information, see the
ContentBasedDeduplication
attribute for the CreateQueue action in the Amazon Simple Queue Service API Reference.Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: No interruption
DelaySeconds
-
The time in seconds that the delivery of all messages in the queue is delayed. You can specify an integer value of
0
to900
(15 minutes). The default value is0
.Required: No
Type: Integer
Update requires: No interruption
FifoQueue
-
If set to
true
, creates a FIFO queue. If you don't specify this property, Amazon SQS creates a standard queue. For more information, see FIFO (First-In-First-Out) Queues in the Amazon Simple Queue Service Developer Guide.Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: Replacement
KmsMasterKeyId
-
The ID of an AWS managed customer master key (CMK) for Amazon SQS or a custom CMK. To use the AWS managed CMK for Amazon SQS, specify the alias
alias/aws/sqs
. For more information, see CreateQueue in the Amazon Simple Queue Service API Reference, Protecting Data Using Server-Side Encryption (SSE) and AWS KMS in the Amazon Simple Queue Service Developer Guide, or Customer Master Keys in the AWS Key Management Service Best Practices whitepaper.Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
KmsDataKeyReusePeriodSeconds
-
The length of time in seconds that Amazon SQS can reuse a data key to encrypt or decrypt messages before calling AWS KMS again. The value must be an integer between 60 (1 minute) and 86,400 (24 hours). The default is 300 (5 minutes).
Note
A shorter time period provides better security, but results in more calls to AWS KMS, which might incur charges after Free Tier. For more information, see How Does the Data Key Reuse Period Work? in the Amazon Simple Queue Service Developer Guide.
Required: No
Type: Integer
Update requires: No interruption
MaximumMessageSize
-
The limit of how many bytes that a message can contain before Amazon SQS rejects it. You can specify an integer value from
1024
bytes (1 KiB) to262144
bytes (256 KiB). The default value is262144
(256 KiB).Required: No
Type: Integer
Update requires: No interruption
MessageRetentionPeriod
-
The number of seconds that Amazon SQS retains a message. You can specify an integer value from
60
seconds (1 minute) to1209600
seconds (14 days). The default value is345600
seconds (4 days).Required: No
Type: Integer
Update requires: No interruption
QueueName
-
A name for the queue. To create a FIFO queue, the name of your FIFO queue must end with the
.fifo
suffix. For more information, see FIFO (First-In-First-Out) Queues in the Amazon Simple Queue Service Developer Guide.If you don't specify a name, AWS CloudFormation generates a unique physical ID and uses that ID for the queue name. For more information, see Name Type.
Important
If you specify a name, you cannot perform updates that require replacement of this resource. You can perform updates that require no or some interruption. If you must replace the resource, specify a new name.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
ReceiveMessageWaitTimeSeconds
-
Specifies the duration, in seconds, that the
ReceiveMessage
action call waits until a message is in the queue in order to include it in the response, as opposed to returning an empty response if a message isn't yet available. You can specify an integer from1
to20
. The short polling is used as the default or when you specify0
for this property. For more information, see Amazon SQS Long Poll.Required: No
Type: Integer
Update requires: No interruption
RedrivePolicy
-
Specifies an existing dead letter queue to receive messages after the source queue (this queue) fails to process a message a specified number of times.
Required: No
Type: Amazon SQS RedrivePolicy
Update requires: No interruption
Tags
-
The tags that you want to attach to this queue.
Required: No
Type: A list of resource tags
Update requires: No interruption
VisibilityTimeout
-
The length of time during which a message will be unavailable after a message is delivered from the queue. This blocks other components from receiving the same message and gives the initial component time to process and delete the message from the queue.
Values must be from 0 to 43200 seconds (12 hours). If you don't specify a value, AWS CloudFormation uses the default value of 30 seconds.
For more information about Amazon SQS queue visibility timeouts, see Visibility Timeout in the Amazon Simple Queue Service Developer Guide.
Required: No
Type: Integer
Update requires: No interruption
Return Values
Ref
The AWS::SQS::Queue
type returns the queue URL. For example:
https://sqs.
us-east-2
.amazonaws.com/123456789012/aa4-MyQueue-Z5NOSZO2PZE9
.
For more information about using the Ref
function, see Ref.
Fn::GetAtt
Fn::GetAtt
returns a value for a specified attribute of this type.
The following are the available attributes and sample return values.
Arn
-
Returns the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the queue. For example:
arn:aws:sqs:
us-east-2
:123456789012:mystack-myqueue-15PG5C2FC1CW8
. QueueName
-
Returns the queue name. For example:
mystack-myqueue-1VF9BKQH5BJVI
Examples
SQS Queue with Cloudwatch Alarms
JSON
{ "AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09", "Description" : "AWS CloudFormation Sample Template SQS_With_CloudWatch_Alarms: Sample template showing how to create an SQS queue with Amazon CloudWatch alarms on queue depth. **WARNING** This template creates an Amazon SQS queue and one or more Amazon CloudWatch alarms. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a stack from this template.", "Parameters" : { "AlarmEmail": { "Default"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"Description": "Email address to notify if operational problems arise", "Type": "String" } }, "Resources" : { "MyQueue" : { "Type" : "AWS::SQS::Queue", "Properties" : { "QueueName" : "SampleQueue" } }, "AlarmTopic": { "Type": "AWS::SNS::Topic", "Properties": { "Subscription": [{ "Endpoint": { "Ref": "AlarmEmail" }, "Protocol": "email" }] } }, "QueueDepthAlarm": { "Type": "AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm", "Properties": { "AlarmDescription": "Alarm if queue depth grows beyond 10 messages", "Namespace": "AWS/SQS", "MetricName": "ApproximateNumberOfMessagesVisible", "Dimensions": [{ "Name": "QueueName", "Value" : { "Fn::GetAtt" : ["MyQueue", "QueueName"] } }], "Statistic": "Sum", "Period": "300", "EvaluationPeriods": "1", "Threshold": "10", "ComparisonOperator": "GreaterThanThreshold", "AlarmActions": [{ "Ref": "AlarmTopic" }], "InsufficientDataActions": [{ "Ref": "AlarmTopic" }] } } }, "Outputs" : { "QueueURL" : { "Description" : "URL of newly created SQS Queue", "Value" : { "Ref" : "MyQueue" } }, "QueueARN" : { "Description" : "ARN of newly created SQS Queue", "Value" : { "Fn::GetAtt" : ["MyQueue", "Arn"]} }, "QueueName" : { "Description" : "Name newly created SQS Queue", "Value" : { "Fn::GetAtt" : ["MyQueue", "QueueName"]} } } }
YAML
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: "2010-09-09" Description: "AWS CloudFormation Sample Template SQS_With_CloudWatch_Alarms: Sample template showing how to create an SQS queue with Amazon CloudWatch alarms on queue depth. **WARNING** This template creates an Amazon SQS queue and one or more Amazon CloudWatch alarms. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a stack from this template." Parameters: AlarmEmail: Default<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Description: "Email address to notify if operational problems arise" Type: "String" Resources: MyQueue: Type: AWS::SQS::Queue Properties: QueueName: "SampleQueue" AlarmTopic: Type: AWS::SNS::Topic Properties: Subscription: - Endpoint: Ref: "AlarmEmail" Protocol: "email" QueueDepthAlarm: Type: AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm Properties: AlarmDescription: "Alarm if queue depth grows beyond 10 messages" Namespace: "AWS/SQS" MetricName: "ApproximateNumberOfMessagesVisible" Dimensions: - Name: "QueueName" Value: Fn::GetAtt: - "MyQueue" - "QueueName" Statistic: "Sum" Period: "300" EvaluationPeriods: "1" Threshold: "10" ComparisonOperator: "GreaterThanThreshold" AlarmActions: - Ref: "AlarmTopic" InsufficientDataActions: - Ref: "AlarmTopic" Outputs: QueueURL: Description: "URL of newly created SQS Queue" Value: Ref: "MyQueue" QueueARN: Description: "ARN of newly created SQS Queue" Value: Fn::GetAtt: - "MyQueue" - "Arn" QueueName: Description: "Name newly created SQS Queue" Value: Fn::GetAtt: - "MyQueue" - "QueueName"
SQS Queue with a Dead Letter Queue
The following sample creates a source queue and a dead letter queue. Because the source queue specifies the dead letter queue in its redrive policy, the source queue is dependent on the creation of the dead letter queue.
JSON
{ "AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09", "Resources" : { "MySourceQueue" : { "Type" : "AWS::SQS::Queue", "Properties" : { "RedrivePolicy": { "deadLetterTargetArn" : {"Fn::GetAtt" : [ "MyDeadLetterQueue" , "Arn" ]}, "maxReceiveCount" : 5 } } }, "MyDeadLetterQueue" : { "Type" : "AWS::SQS::Queue" } }, "Outputs" : { "SourceQueueURL" : { "Description" : "URL of the source queue", "Value" : { "Ref" : "MySourceQueue" } }, "SourceQueueARN" : { "Description" : "ARN of the source queue", "Value" : { "Fn::GetAtt" : ["MySourceQueue", "Arn"]} }, "DeadLetterQueueURL" : { "Description" : "URL of the dead letter queue", "Value" : { "Ref" : "MyDeadLetterQueue" } }, "DeadLetterQueueARN" : { "Description" : "ARN of the dead letter queue", "Value" : { "Fn::GetAtt" : ["MyDeadLetterQueue", "Arn"]} } } }
YAML
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: "2010-09-09" Resources: MySourceQueue: Type: AWS::SQS::Queue Properties: RedrivePolicy: deadLetterTargetArn: Fn::GetAtt: - "MyDeadLetterQueue" - "Arn" maxReceiveCount: 5 MyDeadLetterQueue: Type: AWS::SQS::Queue Outputs: SourceQueueURL: Description: "URL of the source queue" Value: Ref: "MySourceQueue" SourceQueueARN: Description: "ARN of the source queue" Value: Fn::GetAtt: - "MySourceQueue" - "Arn" DeadLetterQueueURL: Description: "URL of the dead letter queue" Value: Ref: "MyDeadLetterQueue" DeadLetterQueueARN: Description: "ARN of the dead letter queue" Value: Fn::GetAtt: - "MyDeadLetterQueue" - "Arn"
See Also
-
CreateQueue in the Amazon Simple Queue Service API Reference
-
What is Amazon Simple Queue Service? in the Amazon Simple Queue Service Developer Guide


The 3d printed marble maze is a project made for a Biology class assignment.
The requirement for this assignement was creating a marble machine that would be at least five-feet tall, keep a marble in motion for
8 seconds to a minute, be under $10. The assignment allowed students to be creative.
Not having much biological knowledge, I used my technical knowledge to come up with idea for my marble machine.
My approach was 3d printing every part that was needed to build the maze.The process took a month, including printing and building.
Not knowing how to design 3d models, I was able to find resources that other people invented on Thingiverse and rearrange it to fit my needs and design the maze.
building process
Since 3d printing was free on campus, I only had to buy a few dowels, screws, which cost me $7 total.
Today, the project is displayed at the MakerSpace of the Library and hopefully inspire students to expand their creativity.
Below is a video of the marble maze:


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boost::container::vector —
template<typename T, typename A> class vector { public: // types typedef T value_type; typedef A::pointer pointer; // Pointer to T. typedef A::const_pointer const_pointer; // Const pointer to T. typedef A::reference reference; // Reference to T. typedef A::const_reference const_reference; // Const reference to T. typedef A::size_type size_type; // An unsigned integral type. typedef A::difference_type difference_type; // A signed integral type. typedef A allocator_type; // The allocator type. typedef unspecified iterator; // The random access iterator. typedef unspecified const_iterator; // The random access const_iterator. typedef std::reverse_iterator< iterator > reverse_iterator; // Iterator used to iterate backwards through a vector. typedef std::reverse_iterator< const_iterator > const_reverse_iterator; // Const iterator used to iterate backwards through a vector. typedef allocator_type stored_allocator_type; // The stored allocator type. // construct/copy/destruct vector(const A & = A()); vector(size_type); vector(size_type, const T &, const allocator_type & = allocator_type()); vector(const vector< T, A > &); vector(vector &&); template<typename InIt> vector(InIt, InIt, const allocator_type & = allocator_type()); vector& operator=(const vector &); vector& operator=(vector &&); ~vector(); // public member functions iterator begin() ; const_iterator begin() const; iterator end() ; const_iterator end() const; reverse_iterator rbegin() ; const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const; reverse_iterator rend() ; const_reverse_iterator rend() const; const_iterator cbegin() const; const_iterator cend() const; const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const; const_reverse_iterator crend() const; reference front() ; const_reference front() const; reference back() ; const_reference back() const; pointer data() ; const_pointer data() const; size_type size() const; size_type max_size() const; size_type capacity() const; bool empty() const; reference operator[](size_type) ; const_reference operator[](size_type) const; reference at(size_type) ; const_reference at(size_type) const; allocator_type get_allocator() const; const stored_allocator_type & get_stored_allocator() const; stored_allocator_type & get_stored_allocator() ; void reserve(size_type) ; void assign(size_type, const value_type &) ; template<typename InIt> void assign(InIt, InIt) ; void push_back(const T &) ; void push_back(T &&) ; template<class... Args> void emplace_back(Args &&...) ; template<class... Args> iterator emplace(const_iterator, Args &&...) ; void swap(vector &) ; iterator insert(const_iterator, const T &) ; iterator insert(const_iterator, T &&) ; template<typename InIt> void insert(const_iterator, InIt, InIt) ; void insert(const_iterator, size_type, const T &) ; void pop_back() ; iterator erase(const_iterator) ; iterator erase(const_iterator, const_iterator) ; void resize(size_type, const T &) ; void resize(size_type) ; void clear() ; };
A vector is a sequence that supports random access to elements, constant time insertion and removal of elements at the end, and linear time insertion and removal of elements at the beginning or in the middle. The number of elements in a vector may vary dynamically; memory management is automatic. boost::container::vector is similar to std::vector but it's compatible with shared memory and memory mapped files.
vector
public
construct/copy/destructvector(const A & a = A());
Effects: Constructs a vector taking the allocator as parameter.
Throws: If allocator_type's copy constructor throws.
Complexity: Constant.
vector(size_type n);
Effects: Constructs a vector that will use a copy of allocator a and inserts n default contructed values.
Throws: If allocator_type's default constructor or copy constructor throws or T's default or copy constructor throws.
Complexity: Linear to n.
vector(size_type n, const T & value, const allocator_type & a = allocator_type());
Effects: Constructs a vector that will use a copy of allocator a and inserts n copies of value.
Throws: If allocator_type's default constructor or copy constructor throws or T's default or copy constructor throws.
Complexity: Linear to n.
vector(const vector< T, A > & x);
Effects: Copy constructs a vector.
Postcondition: x == *this.
Complexity: Linear to the elements x contains.
vector(vector && mx);
Effects: Move constructor. Moves mx's resources to *this.
Throws: If allocator_type's copy constructor throws.
Complexity: Constant.
template<typename InIt> vector(InIt first, InIt last, const allocator_type & a = allocator_type());
Effects: Constructs a vector that will use a copy of allocator a and inserts a copy of the range [first, last) in the vector.
Throws: If allocator_type's default constructor or copy constructor throws or T's constructor taking an dereferenced InIt throws.
Complexity: Linear to the range [first, last).
vector& operator=(const vector & x);
Effects: Makes *this contain the same elements as x.
Postcondition: this->size() == x.size(). *this contains a copy of each of x's elements.
Throws: If memory allocation throws or T's copy constructor throws.
Complexity: Linear to the number of elements in x.
vector& operator=(vector && x);
Effects: Move assignment. All mx's values are transferred to *this.
Postcondition: x.empty(). *this contains a the elements x had before the function.
Throws: If allocator_type's copy constructor throws.
Complexity: Constant.
~vector();
Effects: Destroys the vector. All stored values are destroyed and used memory is deallocated.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Linear to the number of elements.
vector
public member functionsiterator begin() ;
Effects: Returns an iterator to the first element contained in the vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
const_iterator begin() const;
Effects: Returns a const_iterator to the first element contained in the vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
iterator end() ;
Effects: Returns an iterator to the end of the vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
const_iterator end() const;
Effects: Returns a const_iterator to the end of the vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
reverse_iterator rbegin() ;
Effects: Returns a reverse_iterator pointing to the beginning of the reversed vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const;
Effects: Returns a const_reverse_iterator pointing to the beginning of the reversed vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
reverse_iterator rend() ;
Effects: Returns a reverse_iterator pointing to the end of the reversed vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
const_reverse_iterator rend() const;
Effects: Returns a const_reverse_iterator pointing to the end of the reversed vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
const_iterator cbegin() const;
Effects: Returns a const_iterator to the first element contained in the vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
const_iterator cend() const;
Effects: Returns a const_iterator to the end of the vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const;
Effects: Returns a const_reverse_iterator pointing to the beginning of the reversed vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
const_reverse_iterator crend() const;
Effects: Returns a const_reverse_iterator pointing to the end of the reversed vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
reference front() ;
Requires: !empty()
Effects: Returns a reference to the first element from the beginning of the container.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
const_reference front() const;
Requires: !empty()
Effects: Returns a const reference to the first element from the beginning of the container.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
reference back() ;
Requires: !empty()
Effects: Returns a reference to the first element from the beginning of the container.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
const_reference back() const;
Effects: Returns a const reference to the first element from the beginning of the container.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
pointer data() ;
Returns: A pointer such that [data(),data() + size()) is a valid range. For a non-empty vector, data() == &front().
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
const_pointer data() const;
Returns: A pointer such that [data(),data() + size()) is a valid range. For a non-empty vector, data() == &front().
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
size_type size() const;
Effects: Returns the number of the elements contained in the vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
size_type max_size() const;
Effects: Returns the largest possible size of the vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
size_type capacity() const;
Effects: Number of elements for which memory has been allocated. capacity() is always greater than or equal to size().
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
bool empty() const;
Effects: Returns true if the vector contains no elements.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
reference operator[](size_type n) ;
Requires: size() < n.
Effects: Returns a reference to the nth element from the beginning of the container.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
const_reference operator[](size_type n) const;
Requires: size() < n.
Effects: Returns a const reference to the nth element from the beginning of the container.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
reference at(size_type n) ;
Requires: size() < n.
Effects: Returns a reference to the nth element from the beginning of the container.
Throws: std::range_error if n >= size()
Complexity: Constant.
const_reference at(size_type n) const;
Requires: size() < n.
Effects: Returns a const reference to the nth element from the beginning of the container.
Throws: std::range_error if n >= size()
Complexity: Constant.
allocator_type get_allocator() const;
Effects: Returns a copy of the internal allocator.
Throws: If allocator's copy constructor throws.
Complexity: Constant.
const stored_allocator_type & get_stored_allocator() const;
stored_allocator_type & get_stored_allocator() ;
void reserve(size_type new_cap) ;
Effects: If n is less than or equal to capacity(), this call has no effect. Otherwise, it is a request for allocation of additional memory. If the request is successful, then capacity() is greater than or equal to n; otherwise, capacity() is unchanged. In either case, size() is unchanged.
Throws: If memory allocation allocation throws or T's copy constructor throws.
void assign(size_type n, const value_type & val) ;
Effects: Assigns the n copies of val to *this.
Throws: If memory allocation throws or T's copy constructor throws.
Complexity: Linear to n.
template<typename InIt> void assign(InIt first, InIt last) ;
Effects: Assigns the the range [first, last) to *this.
Throws: If memory allocation throws or T's constructor from dereferencing InpIt throws.
Complexity: Linear to n.
void push_back(const T & x) ;
Effects: Inserts a copy of x at the end of the vector.
Throws: If memory allocation throws or T's copy constructor throws.
Complexity: Amortized constant time.
void push_back(T && x) ;
Effects: Constructs a new element in the end of the vector and moves the resources of mx to this new element.
Throws: If memory allocation throws.
Complexity: Amortized constant time.
template<class... Args> void emplace_back(Args &&... args) ;
Effects: Inserts an object of type T constructed with std::forward<Args>(args)... in the end of the vector.
Throws: If memory allocation throws or the in-place constructor throws.
Complexity: Amortized constant time.
template<class... Args> iterator emplace(const_iterator position, Args &&... args) ;
Requires: position must be a valid iterator of *this.
Effects: Inserts an object of type T constructed with std::forward<Args>(args)... before position
Throws: If memory allocation throws or the in-place constructor throws.
Complexity: If position is end(), amortized constant time Linear time otherwise.
void swap(vector & x) ;
Effects: Swaps the contents of *this and x. If this->allocator_type() != x.allocator_type() allocators are also swapped.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant.
iterator insert(const_iterator position, const T & x) ;
Requires: position must be a valid iterator of *this.
Effects: Insert a copy of x before position.
Throws: If memory allocation throws or x's copy constructor throws.
Complexity: If position is end(), amortized constant time Linear time otherwise.
iterator insert(const_iterator position, T && x) ;
Requires: position must be a valid iterator of *this.
Effects: Insert a new element before position with mx's resources.
Throws: If memory allocation throws.
Complexity: If position is end(), amortized constant time Linear time otherwise.
template<typename InIt> void insert(const_iterator pos, InIt first, InIt last) ;
Requires: pos must be a valid iterator of *this.
Effects: Insert a copy of the [first, last) range before pos.
Throws: If memory allocation throws, T's constructor from a dereferenced InpIt throws or T's copy constructor throws.
Complexity: Linear to std::distance [first, last).
void insert(const_iterator p, size_type n, const T & x) ;
Requires: pos must be a valid iterator of *this.
Effects: Insert n copies of x before pos.
Throws: If memory allocation throws or T's copy constructor throws.
Complexity: Linear to n.
void pop_back() ;
Effects: Removes the last element from the vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Constant time.
iterator erase(const_iterator position) ;
Effects: Erases the element at position pos.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Linear to the elements between pos and the last element. Constant if pos is the first or the last element.
iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last) ;
Effects: Erases the elements pointed by [first, last).
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Linear to the distance between first and last.
void resize(size_type new_size, const T & x) ;
Effects: Inserts or erases elements at the end such that the size becomes n. New elements are copy constructed from x.
Throws: If memory allocation throws, or T's copy constructor throws.
Complexity: Linear to the difference between size() and new_size.
void resize(size_type new_size) ;
Effects: Inserts or erases elements at the end such that the size becomes n. New elements are default constructed.
Throws: If memory allocation throws, or T's copy constructor throws.
Complexity: Linear to the difference between size() and new_size.
void clear() ;
Effects: Erases all the elements of the vector.
Throws: Nothing.
Complexity: Linear to the number of elements in the vector.


You have to negotiate with another user for the price of an item. You are the buyer. Negotiate well!
Instructions
- Please use natural sentences as much as possible.
- Do: Would $10 work for you?
- Don't do: 10?
- You can look at the product description at the right and use points from it.
- Use the chat box to chat.
- Do not press enter / return key more than once after typing an utterance. Wait for the response from the bot. That might take a few seconds.
- If you run out of time while doing the chat, we will still award you money for the HIT if you made a good effort to complete the task.
- If you chat continuously, the chat will most likely end in a few minutes, in about 10 turns.
- At the end of the chat, after you have come to a conclusion on what to offer, type "<offer> xyz", where xyz is the amount in the chat itself.
- After this, either you or the bot can decide to end the conversation by writing one of "<accept>", "<reject>", or "<quit>" (with brackets) in the chat itself.
- Note that the chat window will close as soon as either party writes the above and you will reach the survey page.
- Please close the browser tab after you are done with the HIT.
- You can resize the chat window by dragging it from the bottom right corner. You can also scroll up and down to see the chat history.


No Front-Wheel-Drive-Based M Cars, According To BMW
In other news, the next M2 will still be rear-wheel drive.
by Adrian PadeanuBMW’s 2 Series lineup is a bit complicated when you take into account the 2 Series Active Tourer and Gran Tourer minivans are based on a front-wheel-drive platform similar to the new Gran Coupe, while the 2 Series Coupe and Convertible are RWD. The M Performance models such as the M135i hatchback and the M235i four-door coupe add a bit to the confusion since they’re not fully fledged M cars despite the use of the sought-after letter.
These are the so-called “M Lite” cars featuring a series of sporty upgrades over the regular versions, but not to the extent of what a full-fat M car represents. Speaking of which, global M boss Markus Flasch told CarAdvice there aren’t going to be true M cars based on a FWD platform, which effectively means the aforementioned M135i and M235i along with the X2 M35i crossover will remain the most potent versions of the lot.
Gallery: 2020 BMW 2 Series Gran Coupe M235i spied at the Nürburgring
This disclosure is not all that surprising considering the very same Flasch told Top Gear magazine earlier this year there are no plans for a hotter version of the new 1 Series that would sit above the M135i. Only the rear- and all-wheel-drive cars are going to receive the full-on M treatment, but don’t expect any wagons on that list since BMW has decided against making long-roof M cars. Why? Because they argue there wouldn’t be enough demand for such vehicles as people are flocking to one of BMW’s four M SUVs.
Hot FWD-based BMWs:
If there is a silver lining, it’s that the next-generation 2 Series Coupe will retain the tail-happy setup, according to a disclosure made by 2 Series product manager Gernot Stuhl while speaking to Autocar. Before the two-door 2er switches to the next-gen model, the current car is about to spawn a hardcore version with the M2 CS scheduled to debut in the days to come with more power and less weight compared to the M2 Competition.
Source: Car Advice, Autocar


Scratch Work
Scratch work for Section 4.
Entity Codes
Examples of Entity Codes: | 3 < 4 > 2 ♥ ♠
Snowman Logo Exercise
☃Snowman Productions
®


{block name="script"}{/block}
{include file="../common/before/header"} {include file="../common/before/white"}
{include file="../common/before/nav_cont"}
{block name="center"}
{block name="main_wrap"}{/block} {include file="../common/before/footer"}
{/block} {include file="../common/before/foot_nav"}


Jump into Toontown and enjoy some Trolley game wackiness with the Trolley Tracks Weekend event -- and the debut of the new Trolley Tracks game! The festivities will run a full 48 hours, starting at Midnight PST on Saturday, April 14 through Sunday, April 15. During the Trolley Tracks Weekend, Toons in groups of two or more riding the Trolley in any neighborhood can cast votes to determine the Trolley's next stop -- if your stop is selected, you earn bonus jellybeans!
Each Trolley Tracks game consists of six total rounds, three for voting and three for Trolley games. Each voting round completes with the Trolley stopping at the Trolley game which received the most votes for that round. Toons can use their votes with the goal of steering the Trolley towards the Trolley game destination of their choice. Unused votes will be converted into jellybeans at the end of all six rounds -- but you will earn a lot more by successfully steering the Trolley towards your goal! After each Trolley game is played, earned jellybeans will be converted into more votes for use on the next voting round. Don't get outvoted by other Toons! All earned jellybeans will be awarded at the end of all six rounds!
The top four Toons in each neighborhood who play the most Trolley games during the Trolley Tracks Weekend will each win a Disney's "Jump In!" DVD and soundtrack CD pack!
Every Monday at Goofy Speedway
Win BIG tickets by racing in a tournament-style competition against other Toons. All day -- every Monday! Start a race at any Toon Battle starting block, and you will automatically enter one of two Grand Prix Circuits.
Team up at the ponds every Wednesday for Bingo!
Work together with the other Toons at the pond. If you complete the card before the clock runs out, you win lots of jellybeans. Read about Bingo Wednesdays in the Official Player's Guide now.


Magister Harne:
Take the Soul Catcher that I have made to
Cecktinon
at the Shilen Temple. Hurry! We shouldn't keep the Abyssal Celebrant waiting.


When the Arduino reads a pin, it looks for a voltage Logic Level associated with either a "1" or a "0", a "high", or a "low". Anything outside these boundaries will read back with an uncertain value.
| Symbol | Name | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vh | Voltage Input Low | -0.5 V | 0.3 V |
| Vl | Voltage Input High | 0.7 V | Vcc + 0.5 V |
So when wiring the button for the microcontroller to read, it important that the button open and closed states each feed a different voltage logic level to the input pin.
© 2017


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AN INVESTIGATION OF THE POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY OF ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE |
by
GERHARDT C. CLEMENTSON
B.S. U.S. Military Academy, 1942 M.S. California Institute of Technology, 1945 S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1948
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF SCIENCE at MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 1950
Signature of Author
Y PNT At Thesis Supervisor
Chairmart, Departmental ommittee on Graduate Students
644,5-T-31


You can contribute:
Before reporting please chose the correct project :
First you need to create an issue in JIRA in the correct project. (ensure you have made a svn up before).
If your patch is a improvement or a new feature : add a junit.
svn diff > projectName-issueId.patch (where projectName in PLX, PLXCOMP, PLXREDBACK, PLXUTILS)
Attached the patch to the jira issue.
All sources must contain the following license header :
/* * Copyright 2007 The Codehaus Foundation. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */
The following sections show how to set up the code style for Maven in IDEA and Eclipse. It is strongly preferred that patches use this style before they are spplied
Download maven-idea-codestyle.xml and copy it to ~/.IntelliJIDEA/config/codestyles then restart IDEA. On Windows, try C:\Documents and Settings<username>\.IntelliJIDEA\config\codestyles
After this, restart IDEA and open the settings to select the new code style.
Download maven-eclipse-codestyle.xml
After this, select Window > Preferences, and open up the configuration for Java > Code Style > Code Formatter. Click on the button labeled Import... and select the file you downloaded. Give the style a name, and click OK.


REST is a software architectural style that defines a set of constraints to be used for creating web services.
Most explanations of REST give too many details, such as the architectural constraints. To get a glimpse how REST works, this is not necessary. In this article I try to focus on the bare minimum.
HTTP Methods
HTTP methods were designed in 1991, whereas REST was designed in 2000. The following are explanations of HTTP methods in the REST context. The HTTP Methods in REST map to CRUD which is from 1983:
| HTTP | CRUD | SQL | REST meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| POST | CREATE | INSERT | Create a new resrouce, but server decides on URI / ID. |
| PUT | Like POST, but the server creates the URI / ID. | ||
| GET | READ | SELECT | Retrieve one or multiple resources. This MUST NOT change an resource! |
| PUT | UPDATE | UPDATE | Like POST, but the server creates the URI / ID. |
| PATCH | Change a resource | ||
| DELETE | DELETE | DELETE | Delete one or multiple resources. |
Overview
| HTTP method | Response Status Code | Response Body (JSON or Empty) | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| GET | 200 | The resource | Found resource |
| 404 | Empty or error description | Resource not found | |
| POST | 201 | The created resource | Resource created |
| 400 | Empty or error description | Invalid resource | |
| 409 | Empty or error description | Resource already exists | |
| PUT | 201 | Empty? Description? Resource? | Update resource |
| PATCH | 200 | Empty? Description? Resource? | Update resource |
| 404 | Empty or error description | Resource not found | |
| DELETE | 200 | Empty | Resource deleted |
| 404 | Empty | Resource not found |
Naming Conventions
| # | Rule | Wrong | Right |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only Nouns | getLessons | lessons |
| 2 | Only Plural forms | lesson | lessons |
| 3 | Use hyphens, not underscores | room_number | room-number |
| 4 | Only lower-case letters | Lessons | lessons |
Example
Let's say we have an educational website educate.me
. It has lessons:
lesson = {
"lesson_id": "int",
"author_id": "int",
"content": "blob",
"expected_age": "int",
"creation_date": "datetime",
}
You need a possibility to:
- list all existing lessons
- get a single lesson
- add a new lesson
- delete a lesson
So your service then has the following URLs:
GET educate.me/lessons
: List all lessonsGET educate.me/lessons/id/42
: List the lesson with ID 42.POST educate.me/lessons
: Add a new lessonDELETE educate.me/lessons/id/42
: Delete the lesson with ID 42.
Pimp GET
You should provide filtering, sorting, field selection and pagination for collections.
Pagination
In the example above, GET educate.me/lessons
could return
something arbitrary big. Instead, it should be limited to something reasonable
like 20, 100 or 500 elements. Then the call gets a limit an an offset:
GET educate.me/lessons?offset=40&limit=20
.
With pagination, the order becomes important. You could sort by default by ID, but maybe you want to offer some sorting options.
Sorting
You can allow sorting options with the syntax
GET educate.me/lessons?sort=-creation_date,+lesson_id
.
Filtering
Most of the time, clients are not interested in all of the data. They are interested in a part of it.
Some filtering options you might want to consider in the example above:
?content=*euclid*
?creation_date<=2019-05-30
?author_id=42&content=*euclid*
Flask
You can build REST APIs with Flask-RESTX:
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Simple Flask/Swagger/REST-API example."""
from flask import Flask
from flask_restx import Resource, Api
app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app, doc="/doc")
@api.route("/lessons")
class VersionAPI(Resource):
def get(self):
return get_all_lessons()
def post(self):
add_posted_lesson()
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(host="<IP_ADDRESS>")


535_justinwongjianhui.cpp
class Solution {
public:
int minDays(int n) {
int dist=0;
queue<int> q;
q.push(n);
unordered_set<int> seen;
while (!q.empty()) {
for (int l=q.size()-1; l>=0; l--) {
int curr=q.front(); q.pop();
if (curr==0) return dist;
if (seen.find(curr-1)==seen.end()) {
seen.insert(curr-1);
q.push(curr-1);
}
if (curr%2==0&&seen.find(curr/2)==seen.end()) {
seen.insert(curr/2);
q.push(curr/2);
}
if (curr%3==0&&seen.find(curr/3)==seen.end()) {
seen.insert(curr/3);
q.push(curr/3);
}
}
dist++;
}
return dist;
}
};