About us
Growing up, school was always a safe place for me. Some of my fondest childhood memories were shaped by loving and kind-hearted teachers, who fostered me to become a strong, independent, and confident student of life. Years later, when I became a parent and my own children entered school, I expected them to have a similar experience. I still believed that teachers would continue to impart their love for education onto my children, by providing them with their varying perspectives and insights to motivate them to be their best selves. Unfortunately, this was not always the case.
My boys are now in their teenage years, and we have been through pre-school, elementary school, middle school, and now high school. While they have had some amazing teachers, who have taught them priceless, life-enhancing lessons; they have also had teachers who caused some serious self-esteem issues and emotional distress that were difficult to overcome.
As a family, we do not dwell on negative experiences, but instead seek to learn from them, grow, and move on. About a year ago at my son’s school, an uncomfortable meeting with a teacher utilizing some “questionable” and aggressive teaching methods ended with her stating that she did not have to answer to ‘some parent’ (meaning me). She was not interested in trying to resolve the situation in the best interest of my student, or any of the other students who were being negatively impacted by her behavior.
After the shock of the meeting wore off, it dawned on me that while students have their performance measured all year round at school, a strong platform to provide feedback on teachers’ performance simply does not exist. For teachers to grow and offer an environment to our children that stimulates personal development and positive connections, feedback from students and parents on teachers’ performance is imperative.
Teachers play such an important role in the lives of our children. Classroom experiences, both positive and negative, affect and shape children, staying with them for the rest of their lives.
This platform aims to bridge the communication gap that currently exists among parents, students, and teachers. My wish is to create a positive flow of feedback for teachers from those people they directly impact (students and parents), so we can ensure that our deserving children are getting the best education experience possible. We also want to create a place to celebrate all of the dedicated, hard-working, amazing A+ teachers in the process. Teachers, students, and parents are creating the future of this world every day. A positive bridge of communication is a necessary step toward a brighter future, we are stronger when we work together! Listen. Learn. Grow.


Drag courses or years to reorder them
Double click on a course to edit or delete it
Click on a year title to edit it
Click "Plan-Download Plan" in the menu to save a PDF
Click "Save" in the menu to save the current plan to your account (Only available when logged in)
Click "Browse" to view public plans shared by other people at your school. You can then load a copy of their plan into your window, and then save it to your account


--- layout: home title: Home ---
I'm a graduate student in Computer Science at Stony Brook University. I love databases and distributed systems. I'm currently member of File Systems and Storage Lab, advised by Prof. Erez Zadok.
Previously at Microsoft, I worked on building main-memory, lock-free and highly available database framework powering metadata microservices for Azure Data Lake .
I have decent experience working on both frontend and backend web technologies - including Google Summer of Code at Mozilla, Project Honeynet and Inclusive Design Institute.
I completed my bachelor's degree at Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani.
Feel free to shoot me an email; you can also hit me up on Twitter.


Lesson Plan Title: How to Bypass a Path Based Access Control Scheme
Concept / Topic To Teach:
In a path based access control scheme, an attacker can traverse a path by providing relative path information. Therefore an attacker can use relative paths to access files that normally are not directly accessible by anyone, or would otherwise be denied if requested directly.General Goal(s):
The user should be able to access a file that is not in the listed directory.


Thanks! Your donation has been received and your Karma increased.
You may now feel good about encouraging fun and interesting things on the web that aren't kittens or YouTube videos.
Uh oh, was it something we said?
Thank you!
Any amount you would like to contribute is appreciated.
All funds go towards making more software like this.
$
Return home


The default admin user/password is admin/password.
provides access to a Swagger UI for convenient access to a subset of the framework's RESTful API, automatically generated by the Restful Objects viewer.
The full backend API (at restful/) renders both simple and also richer hypermedia representations of domain objects, the latter conformant with the Restful Objects spec.


--- title: Workload Entry description: Configuration affecting VMs onboarded into the mesh. location: https://istio.io/docs/reference/config/networking/workload-entry.html layout: protoc-gen-docs generator: protoc-gen-docs schema: istio.networking.v1alpha3.WorkloadEntry aliases: [/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/workload-entry] number_of_entries: 1 ---
WorkloadEntry
enables operators to describe the properties of a
single non-Kubernetes workload such as a VM or a bare metal server
as it is are onboarded into the mesh. A WorkloadEntry
must be
accompanied by an Istio ServiceEntry
that selects the workload
through the appropriate labels and provides the service definition
for a MESH_INTERNAL
service (hostnames, port properties, etc.). A
ServiceEntry
object can select multiple workload entries as well
as Kubernetes pods based on the label selector specified in the
service entry.
When a workload connects to istiod
, the status field in the
custom resource will be updated to indicate the health of the
workload along with other details, similar to how Kubernetes
updates the status of a pod.
The following example declares a workload entry representing a
VM for the details.bookinfo.com
service. This VM has
sidecar installed and bootstrapped using the details-legacy
service account. The sidecar receives HTTP traffic on port 80
(wrapped in istio mutual TLS) and forwards it to the application on
the localhost on the same port.
{{
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: WorkloadEntry
metadata:
name: details-svc
spec:
# use of the service account indicates that the workload has a
# sidecar proxy bootstrapped with this service account. Pods with
# sidecars will automatically communicate with the workload using
# istio mutual TLS.
serviceAccount: details-legacy
address: <IP_ADDRESS>
labels:
app: details-legacy
instance-id: vm1
# ports if not specified will be the same as service ports
{{}}
{{
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: WorkloadEntry
metadata:
name: details-svc
spec:
# use of the service account indicates that the workload has a
# sidecar proxy bootstrapped with this service account. Pods with
# sidecars will automatically communicate with the workload using
# istio mutual TLS.
serviceAccount: details-legacy
address: <IP_ADDRESS>
labels:
app: details-legacy
instance-id: vm1
# ports if not specified will be the same as service ports
{{}} {{}}
and the associated service entry
{{
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: ServiceEntry
metadata:
name: details-svc
spec:
hosts:
- details.bookinfo.com
location: MESH_INTERNAL
ports:
- number: 80
name: http
protocol: HTTP
resolution: STATIC
workloadSelector:
labels:
app: details-legacy
{{}}
{{
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: ServiceEntry
metadata:
name: details-svc
spec:
hosts:
- details.bookinfo.com
location: MESH_INTERNAL
ports:
- number: 80
name: http
protocol: HTTP
resolution: STATIC
workloadSelector:
labels:
app: details-legacy
{{}} {{}}
The following example declares the same VM workload using its fully qualified DNS name. The service entry’s resolution mode should be changed to DNS to indicate that the client-side sidecars should dynamically resolve the DNS name at runtime before forwarding the request.
{{
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: WorkloadEntry
metadata:
name: details-svc
spec:
# use of the service account indicates that the workload has a
# sidecar proxy bootstrapped with this service account. Pods with
# sidecars will automatically communicate with the workload using
# istio mutual TLS.
serviceAccount: details-legacy
address: vm1.vpc01.corp.net
labels:
app: details-legacy
instance-id: vm1
# ports if not specified will be the same as service ports
{{}}
{{
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: WorkloadEntry
metadata:
name: details-svc
spec:
# use of the service account indicates that the workload has a
# sidecar proxy bootstrapped with this service account. Pods with
# sidecars will automatically communicate with the workload using
# istio mutual TLS.
serviceAccount: details-legacy
address: vm1.vpc01.corp.net
labels:
app: details-legacy
instance-id: vm1
# ports if not specified will be the same as service ports
{{}} {{}}
and the associated service entry
{{
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: ServiceEntry
metadata:
name: details-svc
spec:
hosts:
- details.bookinfo.com
location: MESH_INTERNAL
ports:
- number: 80
name: http
protocol: HTTP
resolution: DNS
workloadSelector:
labels:
app: details-legacy
{{}}
{{
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
kind: ServiceEntry
metadata:
name: details-svc
spec:
hosts:
- details.bookinfo.com
location: MESH_INTERNAL
ports:
- number: 80
name: http
protocol: HTTP
resolution: DNS
workloadSelector:
labels:
app: details-legacy
{{}} {{}}
WorkloadEntry enables specifying the properties of a single non-Kubernetes workload such a VM or a bare metal services that can be referred to by service entries.


Cloud Vision V1 API - Class Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::Paragraph (v0.6.4)
Reference documentation and code samples for the Cloud Vision V1 API class Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::Paragraph.
Structural unit of text representing a number of words in certain order.
Inherits
- Object
Extended By
- Google::Protobuf::MessageExts::ClassMethods
Includes
- Google::Protobuf::MessageExts
Methods
#bounding_box
def bounding_box() -> ::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::BoundingPoly
-
(::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::BoundingPoly) —
The bounding box for the paragraph. The vertices are in the order of top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left. When a rotation of the bounding box is detected the rotation is represented as around the top-left corner as defined when the text is read in the 'natural' orientation. For example:
- when the text is horizontal it might look like: 0----1 | | 3----2
- when it's rotated 180 degrees around the top-left corner it becomes: 2----3 | | 1----0 and the vertex order will still be (0, 1, 2, 3).
#bounding_box=
def bounding_box=(value) -> ::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::BoundingPoly
-
value (::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::BoundingPoly) —
The bounding box for the paragraph. The vertices are in the order of top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left. When a rotation of the bounding box is detected the rotation is represented as around the top-left corner as defined when the text is read in the 'natural' orientation. For example:
- when the text is horizontal it might look like: 0----1 | | 3----2
- when it's rotated 180 degrees around the top-left corner it becomes: 2----3 | | 1----0 and the vertex order will still be (0, 1, 2, 3).
-
(::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::BoundingPoly) —
The bounding box for the paragraph. The vertices are in the order of top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left. When a rotation of the bounding box is detected the rotation is represented as around the top-left corner as defined when the text is read in the 'natural' orientation. For example:
- when the text is horizontal it might look like: 0----1 | | 3----2
- when it's rotated 180 degrees around the top-left corner it becomes: 2----3 | | 1----0 and the vertex order will still be (0, 1, 2, 3).
#confidence
def confidence() -> ::Float
- (::Float) — Confidence of the OCR results for the paragraph. Range [0, 1].
#confidence=
def confidence=(value) -> ::Float
- value (::Float) — Confidence of the OCR results for the paragraph. Range [0, 1].
- (::Float) — Confidence of the OCR results for the paragraph. Range [0, 1].
#property
def property() -> ::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::TextAnnotation::TextProperty
- (::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::TextAnnotation::TextProperty) — Additional information detected for the paragraph.
#property=
def property=(value) -> ::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::TextAnnotation::TextProperty
- value (::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::TextAnnotation::TextProperty) — Additional information detected for the paragraph.
- (::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::TextAnnotation::TextProperty) — Additional information detected for the paragraph.
#words
def words() -> ::Array<::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::Word>
- (::Array<::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::Word>) — List of all words in this paragraph.
#words=
def words=(value) -> ::Array<::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::Word>
- value (::Array<::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::Word>) — List of all words in this paragraph.
- (::Array<::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::Word>) — List of all words in this paragraph.


Platform
Categories
genres
Action
Adventure
Arcade
Fighting
Health & Fitness
Music
Party
Platformer
Puzzle
Racing
RPG
Shooter
Simulation
Sports
multiplayer
Pokémon Sword
£34.99
The itcher 3: Wild Hunt - Complete Edition
£34.99
Divinity: Origianl Sin 2 - Defiitive Edition
£31.49
Pokémon Shild
£49.99
FINAL FANTASTY VII
£7.67
FINAL FANTASY VII
£34.99
FINAL FANTASY XII THE ZODAIC AGE
£22.49
Pokémon Shild
£49.99
Crypt of the NercoDancer: Nintendo Switch Edition
£3.59
The itcher 3: Wild Hunt - Complete Edition
£34.99
Divinity: Origianl Sin 2 - Defiitive Edition
£31.49
Pokémon Shild
£49.99
Pokémon Sword
£34.99
The itcher 3: Wild Hunt - Complete Edition
£34.99
Dauntles
FREE
Pokémon Shild
£49.99
1
2
3
...
87


{{+bindTo:partials.standard_nacl_article}}
NOTE:
Deprecation of the technologies described here has been announced
for platforms other than ChromeOS.
Please visit our
migration guide
for details.
Native Client is a sandbox for running compiled C and C++ code in the browser efficiently and securely, independent of the user’s operating system. Portable Native Client extends that technology with architecture independence, letting developers compile their code once to run in any website and on any architecture with ahead-of-time (AOT) translation.
In short, Native Client brings the performance and low-level control of native code to modern web browsers, without sacrificing the security and portability of the web. Watch the video below for an overview of Native Client, including its goals, how it works, and how Portable Native Client lets developers run native compiled code on the web.
Native Client comes in two flavors.
These flavors are described in more depth in PNaCl and NaCl
To jump right in take the tutorial that walks you through a basic web application for Portable Native Client (PNaCl). This is a client-side application that uses HTML, JavaScript, and a Native Client module written in C++.
If you’ve already got the basics down, you’re probably trying to get a real application ready for production. You’re building, debugging or ready to distribute.
You’ve been working on a Native Client module for a while now and you’ve run into an arcane problem. You may need to refer to the PNaCl Bitcode Reference or the Sandbox internals.
So, you like to read now and try later. Start with our Technical Overview
Send us comments and feedback on the native-client-discuss mailing list, or ask questions using Stack Overflow’s google-nativeclient tag.


Arrays are essentially collections of objects which are ordered by an integer index
Example: ary = [1, "two", 3.0] #=> [1, "two", 3.0]
A hash in Ruby is like a dictionary of unique keys and their linked values. It is a collection of objects that are indexed by key:value pairs.
Example: grades = { "Jane Doe" => 10, "Jim Doe" => 6 }
In simplistic terms, we can say that it is easier and more efficient to access array elements, however hashes provide a lot more flexibility. If you simply want a collection of values that you can iterate over easily, go with arrays. If you want unique keys which are linked to unique values, then you should go with Hashes and its key-value indexing.


| R-Objects, Inc |
| Product: |
Pepper[tm] |
| Description: |
Pepper is a community software platform that connects people,
applications & information.
|
| System Requirements: |
Clients and servers equipped with Java 1.3
|
| Availability & Pricing: |
Please contact R-Objects Inc. |
| Target Markets: |
Industry Neutral |
| Contact: |
Todd Palmer
Vice President, Sales & Business Development
415-902-6257
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
| Website: |
http://www.r-objects.com |
|


Switch themes
Welcome to Bits and Bytes!
To make sure you have a great time here, we'll need to lay down some rules... just so we make sure people don't go too far.
How the rules work
- If you break a rule, you may be given an official warning from a member of the staff.
- Once you have received enough warnings, you will be placed in jail, where you must explain why you have broken the rules so many times.
- If, after being placed in jail, your behaviour has not been rectified, you will be considered for a ban.
- Rules are based on intent. If we haven't specifically mentioned something in a rule, but the intent is obviously to stop you from doing said thing, don't do it.
- A moderator may skip any of the above steps in exceptional circumstances.
Official Rules
The official Bits and Bytes rules are laid out below.
Tier 1 offences
Tier 1 offences incur an unofficial warning from a member of staff. However, if it is repetitive, then an official warning may be given.
- Keep conversation flowing in all channels, except for #off-topic.
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- A mod's decision is final. If you feel that you must escalate the issue, ask an admin.
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- Keep conversation flowing in all channels, except for #off-topic. I can't stress how important this rule is.
Tier 2 offences
Tier 2 offences incur an official warning from a member of staff.
- Don't @mention staff unless you need permission now.
- Content must be kept SFW.
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Tier 3 offences
Tier 3 offences incur an immediate jail or ban, based on the discretion of the staff member administering the punishment.
- Impersonation is prohibited.
- Only one account may be made on this server at any time.
- Malicious content may not be placed in any way on the server.
Also, the Discord Community Guidelines are a good read. Also, make sure you abide by the Discord Terms of Service.
Nickname Policy
In regards to nicknames, we have a policy in place so that your name does not give you an unfair advantage in the Weekly Chat, and so conversations can be undertaken normally. Here are the requirements:
- Nicknames must be mentionable and not attention grabbing
- Nicknames must not be used to get on top of the list
- Nicknames must not be too long. Generally, if Discord has to truncate the nickname, that's pushing it.
- Nicknames must not contain anything offensive
- Nicknames must not changed too often. There is a 1 day cooldown on AstralMod to regulate this.
And finally, use common sense. If you have to ask someone if what you're doing is ok, it probably isn't.
Thanks,
Victor :)


File ExportFilter.lua
Functions
| ExportFilter._getFilterName (id) | Compute filter name based on ID - MUST be same as extended filter class name. |
| ExportFilter._getPropName (filterName, pqName) | Get filter-specific property name, without having filter object. |
| ExportFilter.assureFilter (id, props, starter) | Create export filter for either dialog or filter-context, and store in property table. |
| ExportFilter.postProcessRenderedPhotos (functionContext, filterContext) | Post process rendered photos. |
| ExportFilter.sectionForFilterInDialog (vf, propertyTable) | This function will create the section displayed on the export dialog when this filter is added to the export session. |
| ExportFilter.shouldRenderPhoto (exportSettings, photo) | This function obtains access to the photos and removes entries that don't match the metadata filter. |
| ExportFilter.startDialog (propertyTable) | This optional function adds the observers for our required fields metachoice and metavalue so we can change the dialog depending if they have been populated. |
| ExportFilter.updateFilterStatus (extendedExportFilterClass, props, name, value) | This function will check the status of the Export Dialog to determine if all required fields have been populated. |
| ExportFilter:allowExport (message, ...) | Sets boolean status property to true (no problem detected), and status message as passed or generic "ok", - export may be enabled if no other filters from this plugin have denied. |
| ExportFilter:cancelExport (autoLog) | Abort/cancel the export. |
| ExportFilter:clearExportCondition () | Clears export condition, *if* no other filters in this plugin have denied it. |
| ExportFilter:denyExport (reason, ...) | Sets boolean status property to false (denied), and (always) sets status message to 'reason', thus disabling export. |
| ExportFilter:getFilters () | Get "pseudo-array" of filters, plus indexes of first and last, plus total from this plugin (and names). |
| ExportFilter:getPropName (namePart) | Get property name as combination of partially qualified name, and filter name. |
| ExportFilter:getSectionTitle () | Get section-in-dialog title, prefixed by app-name if >1 filter in plugin. |
| ExportFilter:new (t) | Constructor for new instance (may serve dialog box only, or actual export filtering - which one depends on whether filter-context is passed in starter table. |
| ExportFilter:newClass (t) | Constructor for extending class. |
| ExportFilter:passRenditionsThrough (errm) | No-op (call from post-process-rendered-photos method if, for example, filter doesn't meet criteria for doing it's thing...). |
| ExportFilter:peruseRenditions (params) | Peruse renditions and return photo/video tables, candidate renditions, metadata cache. |
| ExportFilter:postProcessRenderedPhotosFinale (call) | Generic finale method for photo processing method - assures exiftool session is closed (if assigned to standard member), and shows dialog box if problem, since there will be no error box shown if foreign export service. |
| ExportFilter:processRenderedPhotosMethod () | Process rendered photos method. |
| ExportFilter:requireFilter (requiredFilterId, dependentFilterId) | Assures export filter position within this plugin. |
| ExportFilter:requireFilterInDialog (id, nameOrTitle) | Called from update-filter-status method, to ensure main filter. |
| ExportFilter:requireFilterInPost (id, nameOrTitle) | Assure pre-requisite filter is (still) there. |
| ExportFilter:sectionForFilterInDialogFinale (call) | Generic finale method if section method is wrapped - override, ignore, or use as is.. |
| ExportFilter:sectionForFilterInDialogGetStatusView (lines) | Get view object which presents labeled status, typically at bottom of section. |
| ExportFilter:sectionForFilterInDialogMethod () | return section for filter setup |
| ExportFilter:shouldRenderPhotoMethod (photo) | Determine if photo should pass go or not. |
| ExportFilter:updateFilterStatusMethod (name, value) | Export setting property change handler - note: usually should be programmed to handle case when no name/value has been passed too, to check initial values even if nothing's changed yet. |
| ExportFilter:updateSynopsis () | Update synopsis |
Functions
- ExportFilter._getFilterName (id)
-
Compute filter name based on ID - MUST be same as extended filter class name.
Parameters:
-
id
:
Usage:
this function assumes id format "{whatev}.{class-name}"
in other words, id will end with the name of the implementing class.
if you prefer another naming convention, override this method, but realize the class name must be *somewhere* (verbatim) in the ID, or else you'll have to override constructor too (and maybe some other methods). -
- ExportFilter._getPropName (filterName, pqName)
-
Get filter-specific property name, without having filter object.
Parameters:
-
filterName
: -
pqName
:
Usage:
this function is implemented as a local function instead of an overridable class function because it's important that all filters
in a plugin are having status property name computed the same way, regardless of their class heritage. -
- ExportFilter.assureFilter (id, props, starter)
-
Create export filter for either dialog or filter-context, and store in property table.
Parameters:
-
id
: (class, required) class of export filter object to be created, if creation is warranted (i.e. not already created with specified export settings & filter-context...). -
props
: (export setttings in the form of an observable property table) required if no filter-context in starter table. -
starter
: (table) optional: typically includes function-context & filter-context in case object is for export-run time (as opposed to dialog-box/set-up time).
Usage:
in export class, registry is static array in base class, and object is cleaned up upon completion.
export filter registry is export properties themselves, and new objects replace old objects - note: there is no explicit cleanup, cleanup relies on "fact" that Lr will create new properties object at export time, and thus all previously registered filter objects will be wiped.
props are used as "registry" for constructed export filter object. Maybe not by the book, but no problems, yet.. - the advantage is that they are recreated by Lightroom each dialog-box/export, thus no explicit cleanup need be implemented.
-
- ExportFilter.postProcessRenderedPhotos (functionContext, filterContext)
-
Post process rendered photos.
Parameters:
-
functionContext
: -
filterContext
:
Usage:
override this function, or set it to nil.
-
- ExportFilter.sectionForFilterInDialog (vf, propertyTable)
-
This function will create the section displayed on the export dialog when this filter is added to the export session.
Parameters:
-
vf
: -
propertyTable
:
Usage:
generally should be overridden, unless you just want the generic "nuthin' to see here" text where settings would otherwise be.
-
- ExportFilter.shouldRenderPhoto (exportSettings, photo)
-
This function obtains access to the photos and removes entries that don't match the metadata filter.
Parameters:
-
exportSettings
: -
photo
:
Usage:
Worth noting: there is *no* filter-context at this stage, nor export session, nor export context...
-
- ExportFilter.startDialog (propertyTable)
-
This optional function adds the observers for our required fields metachoice and metavalue so we can change the dialog depending if they have been populated.
Parameters:
-
propertyTable
:
Usage:
generally should be overridden.
-
- ExportFilter.updateFilterStatus (extendedExportFilterClass, props, name, value)
-
This function will check the status of the Export Dialog to determine if all required fields have been populated.
Parameters:
-
extendedExportFilterClass
: (ExportFilter derivative, required) must be the class of extended export filter. -
props
: (prop-table) are common to all filters. -
name
: (string, optional) property table *key* (include 'LR_' prefix, or not, as appropriate). pass name if called due to property change, otherwise may be nil for generic update. -
value
: (any, optional) value correpsonding to name - makes no sense to pass if no name.
Usage:
this function need not be overridden by base classes, as long as the ID in the observer is the extended class.
-
- ExportFilter:allowExport (message, ...)
-
Sets boolean status property to true (no problem detected), and status message as passed or generic "ok", - export may be enabled if no other filters from this plugin have denied.
Parameters:
-
message
: -
...
:
-
- ExportFilter:cancelExport (autoLog)
-
Abort/cancel the export.
Parameters:
-
autoLog
:
Usage:
Must be called before rendering has started.
Best practice: log warning or error before calling this, but note - *** Log file may be suppressed if 'Reload After Export' is enabled in plugin manager.
Return values:
- status (boolean) true iff all renditions skipped.
- message (string) explains false status.
-
- ExportFilter:clearExportCondition ()
-
Clears export condition, *if* no other filters in this plugin have denied it.
Usage:
Lr itself keeps track of which plugins have set it, but NOT individual filters within a plugin - yeah: oops (Adobe).
it is for this reason the common status property was set up - universal for all plugin filters. - ExportFilter:denyExport (reason, ...)
-
Sets boolean status property to false (denied), and (always) sets status message to 'reason', thus disabling export.
Parameters:
-
reason
: -
...
:
-
- ExportFilter:getFilters ()
-
Get "pseudo-array" of filters, plus indexes of first and last, plus total from this plugin (and names).
Usage:
Do NOT traverse filters using ipairs, since first entries may be nil (ipairs quits on a nil).
You *can* traverse names array using ipairs, and index filters in loop body..
*** last may be greater than total (but will never be less).
There are no settings from other plugins in here, nor are they in list of export filters...
such settings influence exporting, but are managed by Lightroom. No doubt the reason we can't initiate exports on the fly which include filters from other plugins.
Return values:
- filters (pseudo-array) aka "sparse" array, of filter IDs.
- first (numeric) index - can be used to index filters or names.
- last (numeric) index - can be used to index filters or names.
- total (numeric) number of export filters from this plugin.
- names (array) array of partially-qualified export filter names (not sparse), values include "other/unknown" entry if not from this plugin.
- ExportFilter:getPropName (namePart)
-
Get property name as combination of partially qualified name, and filter name. Thus, each like property will be unique and determinate when multiple filters.
Parameters:
-
namePart
:
-
- ExportFilter:getSectionTitle ()
-
Get section-in-dialog title, prefixed by app-name if >1 filter in plugin.
Usage:
one can always override this..
- ExportFilter:new (t)
-
Constructor for new instance (may serve dialog box only, or actual export filtering - which one depends on whether filter-context is passed in starter table.
Parameters:
-
t
:
Usage:
@19/Nov/2013 16:48, "extension" of ID must match class name. - this is not strictly necessary, but more of a sanity check - if too inflexible, delete the assertion (not tested).
in any case, class-name will need to be found as part of the ID, and had better be unique.exportSettings or filterContext must be passed.
class name must be unique - NOT checked.
-
- ExportFilter:newClass (t)
-
Constructor for extending class.
Parameters:
-
t
:
-
- ExportFilter:passRenditionsThrough (errm)
-
No-op (call from post-process-rendered-photos method if, for example, filter doesn't meet criteria for doing it's thing...).
Parameters:
-
errm
:
Usage:
- my experience: if post-process-rendered-photos function is defined, it will be called, and expected to operate. This method is therefore necessary to keep the ball rolling.
-
- ExportFilter:peruseRenditions (params)
-
Peruse renditions and return photo/video tables, candidate renditions, metadata cache.
Parameters:
-
params
: (table) named parameters.
rawIds (array, optional) raw ids for metadata cache, if desired.
fmtIds (array, optional) fmt ids for metadata cache, if desired.
call (object, required) calling context call object.
Return values:
- photos (array) of photos - may be empty, but never nil.
- videos (array) of videos - may be empty, but never nil.
- union (array) of photos & videos - may be empty, but never nil.
- unionCache (Cache) containing specified metadata for photos & videos - may be empty, but never nil.
- candidates (array) candidate renditions. It's possible to pare down candidates depending on filter - thus the name.
-
- ExportFilter:postProcessRenderedPhotosFinale (call)
-
Generic finale method for photo processing method - assures exiftool session is closed (if assigned to standard member), and shows dialog box if problem,
since there will be no error box shown if foreign export service.Parameters:
-
call
:
-
- ExportFilter:processRenderedPhotosMethod ()
-
Process rendered photos method.
Usage:
ordinarily, derived type would override this method, but maybe not..
- ExportFilter:requireFilter (requiredFilterId, dependentFilterId)
-
Assures export filter position within this plugin.
Parameters:
-
requiredFilterId
: -
dependentFilterId
:
Usage:
can not assure position w.r.t. export filters of other plugins.
Return values:
- status (boolean) true iff top/bottom filter, as desired.
- lastId (string) ID of top/bottom filter, if not as desired.
-
- ExportFilter:requireFilterInDialog (id, nameOrTitle)
-
Called from update-filter-status method, to ensure main filter.
Parameters:
-
id
: -
nameOrTitle
:
Usage:
preferrably called in edb when LR-export-filters.. changes, since that catches it at earliest point,
on the down side, if multiple filters are present, you have to set through the prompt multiple times. - oh well, user shouldn't make that mistake more than once or twice.. -
- ExportFilter:requireFilterInPost (id, nameOrTitle)
-
Assure pre-requisite filter is (still) there.
Parameters:
-
id
: (string, optional) If not passed, name/title will be the extension of the ID. -
nameOrTitle
:
Usage:
call in post-process photos method.
-
- ExportFilter:sectionForFilterInDialogFinale (call)
-
Generic finale method if section method is wrapped - override, ignore, or use as is..
Parameters:
-
call
:
-
- ExportFilter:sectionForFilterInDialogGetStatusView (lines)
-
Get view object which presents labeled status, typically at bottom of section.
Parameters:
-
lines
:
-
- ExportFilter:sectionForFilterInDialogMethod ()
-
return section for filter setup
Usage:
typically overridden.
- ExportFilter:shouldRenderPhotoMethod (photo)
-
Determine if photo should pass go or not.
Parameters:
-
photo
:
Usage:
if no-go, then it will be *silently* omitted, so if you want to make a fuss, it costs extra..
extras you may want to consider: file-format (consider video), virtual-copy, filename extension, smart preview, original source online/offline..
-
- ExportFilter:updateFilterStatusMethod (name, value)
-
Export setting property change handler - note: usually should be programmed to handle case when no name/value has been passed too, to check initial values even if nothing's changed yet.
Reminder: initial values may have come from an old (or hand-edited) preset, so all bets are off.Parameters:
-
name
: -
value
:
-
- ExportFilter:updateSynopsis ()
-
Update synopsis
Usage:
Default implementation here assumes enable/disable & status - override to customize..


Project Goals
Our project aims to visualize BART ridership data over time.
We want to focus our analysis on a couple of questions (possibly narrowing these down to one):
- Which stations have seen dramatic changes in ridership over time?
- Who takes BART?
This includes the passenger flows between stations, but the existing dataset is rich and will allow us to explore other aspects of BART transit including, but not limited to, comparing different modes of transit to different BART stations, comparing East Bay flows of passengers to West Bay flows, as well as to those who do Transbay trips.
- Tasks that allow for comparison:
We would like to thank our colleagues at Berkeley’s School of Information for their thoughtful input. Data from http://www.bart.gov/about/reports/ridership. Created using d3js and many, many thoughtful idea tussle sessions.


Khannotations is a React library for rough, animated, annotations.
It uses RoughJS and is made by Khan Academy.
To add Khannotations to a project, run this from the project directory:
npm install --save @khanacademy/khannotations aphrodite
If your project uses yarn, instead run this:
yarn add @khanacademy/khannotations aphrodite
Khannotations provides two React components that render inline annotations:
RoughHighlight and RoughUnderline. You should be able to replace elements like

or
with these components.
For example, you could replace the following example:
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
with:
// This example is in TypeScript.
// For JavaScript, omit UnderlineStyle/AnimationStrategy.
import {RoughUnderline, UnderlineStyle, AnimationStrategy} from "@khanacademy/khannotations";
// For JavaScript, omit ": AnimationStategy".
let speedAnimation: AnimationStrategy = {
animation: "speed",
speed: 5,
delay: 100,
};
// For JavaScript, omit ": UnderlineStyle".
let underlineStyle: UnderlineStyle = {
roughness: 3,
stroke: "red",
strokeWidth: 2,
bowing: {
bowing: "inverse",
ratio: 300,
},
lift: 3,
};
const MyComponent = () => (

Lorem{" "}
<RoughUnderline animation={speedAnimation} roughStyle={underlineStyle}>
ipsum
</RoughUnderline>{" "}
dolor sit amet.

);
Khannotations does not provide defaults, so you'll need to fill out your
animation strategy and styles yourself. If you find yourself doing this a
lot, you can always make a wrapper component that renders an annotation with
your prefered styles. For example, you could make a drop-in replacement for

with:
const MyUnderline = (props) => (
<RoughUnderline animation={speedAnimation} roughStyle={underlineStyle}>
{props.children}
</RoughUnderline>
);
See the API docs for full usage.
RoughCircledBox is a block element that draws a rough ellipse just touching its native bounding box.
AnimatedLineDrawing is a block element that draws an SVG path.
If you want the annotations in a document to be rendered sequentially in DOM order, put your annotations in an AnimatedGroup.
This works for RoughUnderlines, RoughHighlights, RoughCircledBoxes, and AnimatedLineDrawings.
Contributions are welcome.
To develop Khannotations, you need Yarn.
To install JS dependencies, run yarn
.
To open the storybook, run yarn run storybook
.
This is where you'll probably do most of your work. When you make changes to
a module, it will be automatically updated in the storybook.
To work on the demo page (./src/_App.tsx
), run yarn start
.
To build the demo page, API documentation, and production build, run yarn build
.
The app is built to the following folders:
./docs
./docs/api
./dist
Generated using TypeDoc


swerve package¶
Submodules¶
swerve.swerve_drive module¶
Implements a full swerve drive.
-
class
swerve.swerve_drive.
SwerveDrive
(length, width, config_tuples)[source]¶ Bases:
object
-
drive
(forward, strafe, rotate_cw, max_wheel_speed=370)[source]¶ Compute and apply module angles and speeds to achieve a given linear / angular velocity.
All control inputs (arguments) are assumed to be in a robot oriented reference frame. In addition, all values are (for now) assumed to fall within the range [0, 1].
Parameters: - forward (number) – The desired, relative forward motion of the robot.
- strafe (number) – The desired, relative sideways motion of the robot.
- rotate_cw (number) – The desired rotational speed of the robot.
-
swerve.swerve_module module¶
Implements common logic for swerve modules.
-
class
swerve.swerve_module.
SwerveModule
(name, steer_id, drive_id)[source]¶ Bases:
object
-
apply_control_values
(angle_radians, speed, direct=False)[source]¶ Set a steering angle and a drive speed simultaneously.
Parameters: - angle_radians (number) – The desired angle to steer towards.
- percent_speed (number) – The desired percentage speed to drive at.
See also
-
load_config_values
()[source]¶ Load saved configuration values for this module via WPILib’s Preferences interface.
The key names are derived from the name passed to the constructor.
-
save_config_values
()[source]¶ Save configuration values for this module via WPILib’s Preferences interface.
-
set_drive_speed
(speed, direct=False)[source]¶ Drive the swerve module wheels at a given percentage of maximum power or speed.
Parameters: percent_speed (number) – The speed to drive the module at, expressed as a percentage of maximum speed. Negative values drive in reverse.
-
set_steer_angle
(angle_radians)[source]¶ Steer the swerve module to the given angle in radians. angle_radians should be within \([-2\pi, 2\pi]\). This method attempts to find the shortest path to the given steering angle; thus, it may in actuality servo to the position opposite the passed angle and reverse the drive direction. :param angle_radians: The angle to steer towards in radians,
where 0 points in the chassis forward direction.
-


Business Deal
Science cuts two ways, of course; its products can be used for both good and evil. But there's no turning back from science. The early warnings about technological dangers also come from science.
by Admin 2hours ago 3 comments
Project Discussion
Science cuts two ways, of course; its products can be used for both good and evil. But there's no turning back from science. The early warnings about technological dangers also come from science.
by Admin 5hours ago 3 comments
Client Meeting
Science cuts two ways, of course; its products can be used for both good and evil. But there's no turning back from science. The early warnings about technological dangers also come from science.
by Admin 10hours ago 3 comments
TAB WIDGET
Jelly-o sesame snaps
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence globular star cluster great turbulent clouds dispassionate extraterrestrial observer hearts of the stars. Jean-François Champollion Euclid the sky.
Fishing cayenne bisque cayenne
The Love Boat soon will be making another run. The Love Boat promises something for everyone. On the most sensational inspirational celebrational Muppetational. This is what we call the Muppet Show.
Come along, Pond. Allons-y
Zombie ipsum reversus ab viral inferno, nam rick grimes malum cerebro. De carne lumbering animata corpora quaeritis. Summus brains sit, morbo vel maleficia? De apocalypsi gorger omero undead survivor dictum mauris.
Jelly-o sesame snaps
Hi mindless mortuis soulless creaturas, imo evil stalking monstra adventus resi dentevil vultus comedat cerebella viventium. Qui animated corpse, cricket bat max brucks terribilem incessu zomby.
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{{ weather.city }}
{{ weather.temperature }}
{{ weather.description }}
{{ weather.city }}
{{ weather.temperature }}
{{ weather.description }}


This json-p page
include angular flex
LEFT: 20% wide
RIGHT: 80% wide
de3: test demo
security: Binding innerHTML
Bound value:
{{htmlSnippet}}
Result of binding to innerHTML:
material design: Basic Buttons
https get : test demo
success:-->{{jsonPObj.jsonData | json}}
子组件


|
CS108 Xamarin Library
1.0.14
|
The parameters for the dynamic-Q algorithm, MAC singulation algorithm 3, (i.e., RFID_18K6C_SINGULATION_ALGORITHM_DYNAMICQ) More...
Public Attributes | |
| UInt32 | startQValue = 0 |
| The starting Q value to use. Valid values are 0-15, inclusive. startQValue must be greater than or equal to minQValue and less than or equal to maxQValue. More... | |
| UInt32 | minQValue = 0 |
| The minimum Q value to use. Valid values are 0-15, inclusive. minQValue must be less than or equal to startQValue and maxQValue. More... | |
| UInt32 | maxQValue = 0 |
| The maximum Q value to use. Valid values are 0-15, inclusive. maxQValue must be greater than or equal to startQValue and minQValue. More... | |
| UInt32 | retryCount = 0 |
| Specifies the number of times to try another execution of the singulation algorithm for the specified session/target before either toggling the target (if toggleTarget is non- zero) or terminating the inventory/tag access operation. Valid values are 0-255, inclusive. More... | |
| UInt32 | toggleTarget = 0 |
| A flag that indicates if, after performing the inventory cycle for the specified target (i.e., A or B), if the target should be toggled (i.e., A to B or B to A) and another inventory cycle run. A non-zero value indicates that the target should be toggled. A zero value indicates that the target should not be toggled. Note that if the target is toggled, retryCount and maxQueryRepCount will also apply to the new target. More... | |
| UInt32 | thresholdMultiplier = 0 |
| The multiplier, specified in units of fourths (i.e., 0.25), that will be applied to the Q-adjustment threshold as part of the dynamic-Q algorithm. For example, a value of 7 represents a multiplier of 1.75. See [MAC-EDS] for specifics on how the Q-adjustment threshold is used in the dynamic Q algorithm. Valid values are 0- 255, inclusive. More... | |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from CSLibrary.Structures.SingulationAlgorithmParms | |
| SingulationAlgorithmParms () | |
| Constructor More... | |
| Protected Attributes inherited from CSLibrary.Structures.SingulationAlgorithmParms | |
| UInt32 | length_ = 4 |
| Structure size More... | |
| Properties inherited from CSLibrary.Structures.SingulationAlgorithmParms | |
| UInt32 | length [get] |
| Structure size More... | |
The parameters for the dynamic-Q algorithm, MAC singulation algorithm 3, (i.e., RFID_18K6C_SINGULATION_ALGORITHM_DYNAMICQ)
| UInt32 CSLibrary.Structures.DynamicQParms.maxQValue = 0 |
The maximum Q value to use. Valid values are 0-15, inclusive. maxQValue must be greater than or equal to startQValue and minQValue.
| UInt32 CSLibrary.Structures.DynamicQParms.minQValue = 0 |
The minimum Q value to use. Valid values are 0-15, inclusive. minQValue must be less than or equal to startQValue and maxQValue.
| UInt32 CSLibrary.Structures.DynamicQParms.retryCount = 0 |
Specifies the number of times to try another execution of the singulation algorithm for the specified session/target before either toggling the target (if toggleTarget is non- zero) or terminating the inventory/tag access operation. Valid values are 0-255, inclusive.
| UInt32 CSLibrary.Structures.DynamicQParms.startQValue = 0 |
The starting Q value to use. Valid values are 0-15, inclusive. startQValue must be greater than or equal to minQValue and less than or equal to maxQValue.
| UInt32 CSLibrary.Structures.DynamicQParms.thresholdMultiplier = 0 |
The multiplier, specified in units of fourths (i.e., 0.25), that will be applied to the Q-adjustment threshold as part of the dynamic-Q algorithm. For example, a value of 7 represents a multiplier of 1.75. See [MAC-EDS] for specifics on how the Q-adjustment threshold is used in the dynamic Q algorithm. Valid values are 0- 255, inclusive.
| UInt32 CSLibrary.Structures.DynamicQParms.toggleTarget = 0 |
A flag that indicates if, after performing the inventory cycle for the specified target (i.e., A or B), if the target should be toggled (i.e., A to B or B to A) and another inventory cycle run. A non-zero value indicates that the target should be toggled. A zero value indicates that the target should not be toggled. Note that if the target is toggled, retryCount and maxQueryRepCount will also apply to the new target.


Playing with GET/POST on Flask
15 Feb 2016I signed up to give a web development workshop for my school’s ACM club. Beginning with the basics HTML/CSS to creating a small application with Flask. Planning this has been a little tougher than expected as to what I want people to come out the workshop knowing. Of course, the musts are the main three elements that go into a web framework:
- URL handling
- Templating
- Object Relational Mapper (ORM)
With Flask, one and two are simple, the third one is a little trickier as an extension is needed. After going through the quickstart tutorial for Flask-sqlalchemy, I was confident that I’d be able to produce some useful GET/POST examples. What I found was that these methods could be used interchangeably and abused. Here’s why:
The GET method
GET is the default http method when accessing a page, you’re retrieving a page.
GET
can be passed arguments by a form or by a query string in the URL.
GET Form
<form action="/get_something" method="GET">
<input type="text" name="name" >
<input type="text" name="job" >
<input type="submit" value="Add Person">
</form>
GET Query string
http://arandomurl.com/get_something?name=daniel&job=student
the ? is followed by key=value pairs tied together with an &
These are the two ways to pass arguments to a GET request, the way to retrieve them on Flask is by accessing the args
attribute, which returns a dictionary, containing the the key-value pairs passed. In this case, name and job.
#a dict
#check out the reference below for more on python dictionaries
arguments = request.args
#a specific argument
name = request.args.get('name')
#or
name = request.args['name']
#Note: if argument is not there, get returns None, access with brackets gives a KeyError
The POST method
POST is the http method used when you want to alter the application.
ie. creating a new account, saving records to a database.
POST Form
<form action="/post_something" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="name" >
<input type="text" name="job" >
<input type="submit" value="Add Person">
</form>
When this form is submitted, the following passed arguments, name and job can be accessed in the following manner:
#a dict
arguments = request.form
#a specific argument
name = request.form.get('name')
#or
name = request.form['name']
#Note: if argument is not there, get returns None, access with brackets gives a KeyError
Abusing GET/POST
So far, I’ve shown that both GET and POST can take arguments in pretty much the same manner. Difference is that one receives it in args
while the other in form
. In Flask, it looks a little like this:
@app.route('/<some-url>', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def some_view():
#depending on what method you used to pass arguments
#retrieve them from args or form and do something
return <some_html>
Conclusion
Since you can pass arguments to either method, they can be used interchangeably and therefore abused. To prevent this, be informed as to what GET and POST are. GET should only retrieves information, while POST is used to create new information.


This is a simple server that listens on UDP connections, then allowes key inputs to be send.
Connecting ...


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block body_block %}
This is a simple Finnish-Chinese dictionary.
Learn more


{{define "buttons"}} {{template "header"}}
If you have an Amazon IoT Programmable Button, and you've followed all the instructions to set it up , then you can add (or remove) the serial number below.
{{.}}


Miss BumBum Suzy Cortez Daisy Dukes Crop Top
November 16, 2019
Miss BumBum Suzy Cortez Daisy Dukes Crop Top
Suzy Cortez flaunted her flawless figure in some in tiny shorts and a very skimpy top this weekend at an UFC event, and she posted the photos to prove it to her Instagram account on Saturday night.
The “Miss BumBum” pageant winner looked like a total smokeshow as she posed on the red carpet with the revealing ensemble. Suzy’s ultra-short Daisy Dukes put her muscular legs and curvy hips on full display.
She paired the denim shorts with an even skimpier white crop top with the letters UFC written across it. The barely-there shirt left little to the imagination as it could hardly contain the model’s ample cleavage while showcasing her rock-hard abs and toned arms in the process.
Suzy accessorized the outfit with a large watch on her wrist and some calf-high black suede boots. She had her long, dark hair parted to the side and styled in sleek, straight strands that fell over her shoulders and down her back.

In the caption, Suzy thanked the UFC for inviting her to the event, and confirmed to fans that she would be at the next event in Las Vegas as well.
Of course, Suzy’s over 2 million followers couldn’t get enough of the photo, flocking to the share their love for the snap by hitting the like button nearly 3,000 times and leaving over 40 comments in just the first few minutes after the post was uploaded to the network.
“Wow. You look so beautiful,” one of Suzy’s Instagram followers wrote in the comments section, adding a heart-eyed emoji.
Loading...
“She has got to be the hottest woman on Instagram and her body is the absolute best! Thank you Suzy for always going above and beyond for your followers. We love you!” another social media user stated.
“Wow,” a third person gushed over the Brazilian beauty.
As previously reported by The Inquisitr, Suzy wowed fans just hours before her UFC Daisy Dukes photo when she rocked some very revealing red lingerie with a matching cowboy hat and a bombshell makeup look on social media.
Suzy Cortez’s fans also loved that photo, which has attracted over 28,000 likes and more than 260 comments in the day since it’s been posted.


{% extends 'htc-layout.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} Category - Tell us about your product or service {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %} {{ breadcrumb({ items: [ { href: "/htc", text: "Home" } ], href: "/htc/tell-us/start", text: "Tell us about your product or service" }) }} {% endblock %} {% block content %}


{# (c) Crown Owned Copyright, 2016. Dstl. #} {% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %}New Tool{% endblock %} {% block grid_content %} {% if form.name.value %}
Please provide as much information as possible so other people will easily be able to understand what this tool does and why it's useful.
{% endblock %}


{% include 'head.html' %} mflix a movie experience You must log into an account to view this content. log in sign up


Multi-Cloud Management Platforms, Challenges and Best Practices
Multi-cloud management is one of the biggest challenges for enterprises. It can be difficult and often requires the use of third-party tools. This blog consists of some popular multi-cloud management tools and key features you should look while selecting the tool.
It is evident that multi-cloud strategy eliminates crucial challenges in cloud computing like vendor lock-in, latency, and higher cost. In addition, organizations can leverage vendors’ unique capabilities in artificial intelligence, serverless computing or augmented reality.
However, building applications that are truly built on multi-cloud architecture are challenging. The reason is that the different clouds and on-premises resources use different APIs and management interfaces.
For example, Amazon S3 obviously supports the Amazon S3 API, but Azure Blob Storage and Google Cloud Storage do not. Dealing with multiple APIs and management interfaces has always been anathema for application developers who want to avoid the vendor lock-in of a single API, as well as the added development, support, and time costs associated with supporting multiple APIs.
With proper multi-cloud management, organizations can deal with multi-cloud challenges. According to Judith Hurwitz, CEO of Hurwitz & Associates:
The real value of multi-cloud management is the opportunity to mix and match — to get the most cost-effective services, the most innovative services — and to tailor those services to the problem at hand and to changing business demands.
There are many platforms available to manage multiple cloud providers via a single interface. These tools include cloud management platforms (CMPs), cloud services brokers (CSBs), and other tools that provide an abstraction layer between two or more public-cloud providers. There are also tools that manage, monitor, and utilize those services.
To help you choose the right multi-cloud management platform, I’ve divided the blog into the following parts:
- What is Multi-cloud Management?
- Challenges in Multi-Cloud management
- Multi Cloud Management Platforms
- Features to Consider While Choosing a Multi-Cloud Management Platform
- Best Practices to Manage Multi-Cloud Environment
What is Multi-cloud Management?
Multi-cloud management is a practice of developing consistent workflows for managing infrastructure provisioning (set-up/tear-down), security, connectivity, and service discovery across cloud platforms. A well defined multi-cloud management provides the visibility required to prevent challenges that lead to a complex multi-cloud architecture.
A well-defined cloud management strategy helps organizations achieve the following primary goals.
- Self-service capabilities: Self-service capabilities eliminate the traditional processes related to IT resource provisioning.
- Workflow automation: Cloud management enables workflow automation. Organizations can take actionable steps needed to create and manage computing instances, without human intervention.
- Cloud analysis: By doing cloud analysis and monitoring, organizations can use the best available services according to requirements. Also, with the use of metrics, organizations can change cloud providers or migrate workloads from the public to private clouds if they don’t get optimal performance.
Challenges in Multi-Cloud Management
Cost
Many companies suffer from the large expenses of using cloud services due to poor multi-cloud management. In multi-cloud, organizations use multiple services from different cloud providers. Many times, it becomes difficult to utilize all the services as per demand and hence companies have to pay for the services which have been not used.
Performance
IT operations teams need to ensure the speed and performance of applications delivered to end users from complex multi-cloud environments. The scale at which IT needs to monitor data and identify problems cannot be effectively managed by humans alone. They must leverage artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning.
For example, if you are building an e-commerce app on a multi-cloud environment then performance would be a major challenge.
Automation
Managing workloads that span multiple disparate platforms creates the need to address real-time processing and orchestration. Application development organizations, especially in a multi-cloud environment, are slowed by their manual processes for creating and modifying workflows and getting applications into production.
Cloud Sprawl
While adopting multi-cloud strategy, organizations have to prevent app sprawl. Cloud sprawl occurs when users fail to decommission unused cloud computing instances or services. The main reason is that the workloads will move between clouds frequently. Cloud Sprawl create resource visibility issues which affect your cloud bill.
For example, in an organization, employees may be partial to a particular cloud for specific workloads, and this choice may not be consistent across the entire organization. This means the same app might be open across multiple public cloud platforms.
Migration
For most organizations, migrating to the multi-cloud is a significant challenge especially when the migration involves multiple data centers, remote locations, and mobile users. Ensuring secure access to cloud assets with legacy networks often leads to two choices — backhauling cloud traffic to a central Internet access point or sending cloud traffic directly onto the Internet.
Planning plays a huge role in the migration process. The right multi-cloud management solution can help you migrate applications with existing standards and policies across your new cloud network.
Compliance
As Cloud Computing provides the agility and flexibility, it also breaks the planning and approval process which gives rise to compliance issues in multi-cloud environment which leads to shadow IT, budget overrun, and security issues.
Organizations need to define standards for the consumption of cloud services and resources as they define for their business processes. With cloud’s shared responsibility model, choosing the right configuration for services and resources, optimizing resource utilization & cost, and securing data on cloud resources comes under the ownership of cloud consumers for both public and private cloud platforms.
Data Security
As with your own data centers, in multi-cloud also you should have a security framework to rely on. The more levels an attacker has to penetrate to access a valuable resource, the better the chances are that the attack will not be successful.
Consequently, you should design your service to have numerous layers protecting any sensitive data. This way, you can ensure that if one security measure is breached, other obstacles will be in place to keep the attacker at bay.
Multi Cloud Management Platforms
When an organization’s users take the initiative to adopt infrastructure and solutions from different cloud vendors, challenges emerge. Each new cloud service comes with its own tools that can increase complexity. Multi-cloud environments require new management solutions to optimize performance, control costs and secure complicated mixes of applications and environments, regardless of whether they are inside the data center or in the cloud.
BMC
BMC provides different solutions to address multi-cloud management challenges like migration, automated cost reporting, service management, performance, visibility, automation, and security.
AppFormix
AppFormix is a product of Juniper Networks which provides end-to-end visibility into your multi-cloud environment to eliminate any potential issues, rendering your operations simpler and more effective. It enables you to visualize and analyze both physical and virtual environments. Through monitoring and intent-based analytics, AppFormix transforms raw data from a diverse set of resources into a format that you can use immediately.
DivvyCloud
DivvyCloud’s multi-cloud platform helps customers manage AWS, Azure, GCP, VMware, and OpenStack. Developers have the freedom to choose which clouds are best suited for their company’s needs without IT having to develop policy automation and compliance solutions for each cloud.
Embotics
Embotics’s vCommander leverages a comprehensive set of multi-hypervisor virtualization and cloud management capabilities to allow organizations at any stage of cloud adoption to build and implement the framework, process, automation, and policies that will result in an optimized hybrid cloud environment. It provides support for:
- VMware vSphere
- Microsoft Hyper-V
- Amazon Web Services (AWS)
- Microsoft Azure
Harmony Controller by A10 Networks
Harmony Controller platform introduces a new paradigm for centralized management with granular L4-7 analytics across essentially any deployment–on-premise or cloud. Available in a software or hardware form factor, the controller performs the control plane function and dynamically interacts with and oversees the various A10 Networks-based secure application services residing in the data plane. The Harmony Controller is highly scalable and based on a distributed microservices architecture with clustering to scale to the necessary capacity. The easy to use operator console provides monitoring for controller sub-systems, troubleshooting help, and assistance with recovery mechanisms.
Zenko
Developed by Scality, Zenko is Open Source Multi-Cloud Data Controller. It allows customers to manage storage across in-house storage and public cloud tiers. Zenko stores information locally and to Amazon S3, Azure Blob storage, Google Cloud Storage or any S3-compatible cloud storage platform (Ceph, Minio and more).
Cloudyn
Cloudyn is an enterprise-grade, SaaS solution that pioneered the single-pane-of-glass approach to managing and optimizing multi-platform, hybrid cloud environments. Supporting Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud and OpenStack, Cloudyn delivers measurable cloud success by enabling full visibility and accountability packaged with continuous optimization across all clouds. The solution provides insights into usage, performance, and cost coupled with actionable recommendations for smart cloud optimization. Cloudyn enables accountability through comprehensive cost allocation and management helping enterprises get to cloud ROI more rapidly.
IBM Cloud Manager
IBM Multicloud Manager is a tool for monitoring and managing Kubernetes environments, pinpointing component and service health, and managing applications across clusters and clouds. It includes capabilities for setting security policies and workload management. IBM’s value proposition is that providing a cross-cluster, the cross-cloud view becomes more manageable than handling it individually, within each cloud or cloud service.
Features to consider while choosing a multi-cloud management platform
Service provisioning
The platform should have the feature to launch and allocate the cloud services according to demand. This tool can translate a provisioning request from the console, or an API, and translate that request into the cloud-native API of the target cloud within the multi-cloud architecture.
Service monitoring
The ability to measure and visualize application and network-layer performance between their hybrid cloud, private cloud, and public cloud services. This includes reporting on what occurs to determine the future use of that service, including reliability, cost metrics, etc.
Service performance
The ability to monitor service performance and then log resulting data. Poor-performing services should be blacklisted until the issues have been resolved.
Service governance/policy
The ability to define and leverage policies around the use and execution of the service or services.
Service orchestration
The ability to orchestrate the cloud service to meet the needs of a core business application or business process.
Monitoring analytics
A detailed analysis of how the clouds under management are behaving, key metrics, and predictions around future behaviors such as performance or reliability.
Integration with Security
The ability to operate seamlessly with the existing cloud security infrastructure. In most cases, this will be identity access management, but it could also deal with compliance systems as well.
Best Practices to Manage Multi-Cloud Environment
Map your architecture according to requirements Map your entire network, and then identify where the cloud fits in it. Get a clear picture of the cloud’s role in your overall system-management strategy to avoid having to backfill gaps in the data needs of business managers and other customers. Different lines of business will be best served by different cloud providers.
Standardized consumption
In a multi-cloud environment, each business unit in an organization might use services from several different providers—for example, an analytics platform from Azure, storage from AWS and AI capabilities from the IBM Cloud. Business units often pay for these services in different ways.
Integration remains a necessity
In multi-cloud, developers require common standards for integrating and managing the supplier ecosystem to help address these issues. A cohesive multi-sourced ecosystem requires integration in six key areas including business, organization, information, governance, processes, and tools.
For example, the Network layer is critical integration component of the multi-cloud and also need to be designed to let companies run their applications in a hybrid computing environment. The network control, security, and visibility need to extend into public and multi-clouds, making these environments look like a single network, with a single pane of glass management functionalities.
Use containers
Having applications packaged with all their dependencies increases portability and can simplify management.
Conclusion
Multi-cloud is a solution where multiple clouds from different providers are used for separate tasks. To automate the task and optimize cost, enterprises need a robust multi-cloud management platform. The rising need for different applications is driving the adoption of multi-cloud management platform among end users. With the availability of multi-cloud management platform, enterprises can significantly reduce their dependency on a single provider.


Proficient with the basic foundations of HTML and CSS to create wireframes and projects. I have learned the fundamentals of Javascript. Below is access to review my Github for repos I have completed.
I created a personal blog by utilizing only HTML and CSS code. It included creating a wireframe, attachments of images, links to other webpages, and using similar schemes for presentation. Link below to view my blog posts.
Understand how to use Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Lightroom, and Adobe Illustrator to create high quality images. Interest in creating, editing, and capturing photos. Few examples are linked below.
About
Hi! My name is Jasmine Tran. I am currently at a sophomore at University of Colorado Boulder. I have always had a passion in service, health, and sciences. Through creating organizations on campus and initiating projects to address these passions I have developed interest in additional areas. I have developed interest education inequity through a summer teaching fellowship. But importantly, I have drawn my attention to the world of web. I am now apart of an web developement course that has taught me the skills and foundations of coding. Web development is an growing industy and I hope to make growth in my expertise as well!
Based in Denver, Colorado
Studying in Boulder, Colorado
Email: jasminemtran1@gmail.com


Many of our members with an engineering background are very interested in designing and builiding our own drones. Our club president has pioneered this and finished our club first drone in Spring 2017.
The primary focus of this club is to fly drones, and that's what we all love to do.
Specifically, we're a drone racing club. Our overall goal is to create an intercollegiate drone racing league with an annual national competition to showcase our skills against other universities.
Began meetings in a classroom in Davenport Hall. (Replace image)
We'll be setting up a table on the University of Illinois Quad Day for new member recruitment. We're also building a drone we already have parts for, and are in the process of designing another. We've found an adequate location to begin full time practice for the fly team. (Replace Image)
President
Junior - Computer Engineering
Vice President
Junior - Materials Science and Engineering
Secretary-Treasurer and Webmaster
Junior - Computer Science
Marketing Director
Junior - Advertising
Flying Team Captain
Junior - Computer Engineering


Pennsylvania MESA – Temple's STEM Education
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SAVE THE PLANET
Download the Curriculum Here
DISCLAIMER: This file is password protected. We have spent many hours working on this project for people that work with us.
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Prosthetic Arm Challenge
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Principal
Download the Form Here
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Important Dates
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MESA Jr
Story Brook - Courtesy of MESA Maryland
MESA HS
SAVE THE PLANET
Download the Curriculum Here
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Prosthetic Arm Challenge
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How well do you know BNTU?
Who is the rector of BNTU?
Irina Nikolayevn
Haritonchik Sergey Vasilievich
Irina Nikolayevna
How many faculties at the university?
16
17
15
Doctor of Historical Sciences, who ran the half marathon
Vladimir Bozhanov
Irina Nikolayevna
Anna
The main event of spring in the BNTU
Lol
Irina Nikolayevna
Spring-BNTU
How many hostels in BNTU?
15
18
26
How many research laboratories does the university have?
24
32
36
What is the total area of all buildings?
28000 m ^ 2
400000 m ^ 2
360000 m ^ 2
How many specialists have been trained in 100 years?
over 200000
less then 200000
200000
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a graduate of BNTU
Askar Uzakpaevich Mamin
Nursultan Nazarbaev
Kasym-Zhomart Tokaev
Famous singer, graduate of BNTU:
Dasha
uncle Ivan
Anna
Result


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[1]
the shane the breakfast was of course dinner.
[2]
the shane the breakfast was friendly and welcoming.


Intel: Sorry for PC chip delays, but we just can't meet demand for CPUs
by Liam TungIntel has published a letter apologizing for the unenviable position of not being able to meet demand for its CPUs.
In an extremely rare move, Intel has published a letter from a senior exec apologizing to customers and partners for ongoing delays in shipping its CPUs.
The letter was signed by Intel executive vice president and GM of sales, marketing and communications, Michelle Johnston Holthaus.
"I'd like to acknowledge and sincerely apologize for the impact recent PC CPU shipment delays are having on your business and to thank you for your continued partnership," she wrote.
Intel flagged the letter as part of its supply update notice. "Although Intel is working hard to regain supply-demand balance, it remains a challenge," it said.
Holthaus said despite investments and best efforts to meet demand, Intel had not yet resolved the challenge.
She said Intel had "invested record levels of capex" (capital expenditure) on boosting its 14nm wafer capacity at the same time as ramping up 10nm production. Intel unveiled its 10nm Ice Lake chips in May.
Per AnandTech, Intel warned investors in April that shortages would continue, despite its $1.5bn investment last year to boost 14nm fab output. In response, the chip giant prioritized manufacturing of high-end Xeon and Core i7/i9 over cheaper chips from its Atom, Celeron, and Pentium lines.
Holthaus said besides the 14nm investments it was also "increasing our use of foundries to enable Intel's differentiated manufacturing to produce more Intel CPU products".
Naturally, she painted Intel's predicament as both good and bad news for the company in an era when PC shipments have been in sustained decline, with the exception of a recent bump due to the Windows 10 refresh cycle.
"The added capacity allowed us to increase our second-half PC CPU supply by double digits compared with the first half of this year," wrote Holthaus.
"However, sustained market growth in 2019 has outpaced our efforts and exceeded third-party forecasts. Supply remains extremely tight in our PC business where we are operating with limited inventory buffers."
More on Intel
- Intel's Koduri continues a GPU computing revolution he helped start years ago
- Intel to remove old drivers and BIOS updates from its site by the end of the week
- Intel Xe GPUs are here with Ponte Vecchio launched at SC19
- Intel warning: Critical flaw in BMC firmware affects a ton of server products
- Intel unveils next-gen Movidius VPU, codenamed Keem Bay
- Intel's Cascade Lake CPUs impacted by new Zombieload v2 attack
- Top Linux developer on Intel chip security problems: 'They're not going away.'
- The desktop is dead, and Intel's NUC killed it: AMD to build a SFF PC kit TechRepublic
- Intel's AI brains will give future laptops a new speed boost CNET


Walter Becker
An innovator who forever changed rock music in the '70s
A timeline of Walter Becker's life:
- 1950 - Born on February 20 in Queens, New York
- 1968 - Becker meets his long-time musical partner and Steely Dan co-founder, Donald Fagen, while attending Bard College
- 1970 - Becker and Fagen co-write the soundtrack to You've Got to Walk It Like You Talk It or You'll Lose That Beat, a Richard Pryor film.
- 1971 - The duo moved to California and formed Steely Dan, which was formed as a full group. Their initial lineup was completed by guitarists Denny Dias and Jeff "Skunk" Baxter, and drummer Jim Hodder. Becker started on bass but
eventually moved on to being a key songwriter, playing guitar and keyboard.
- 1972 - Steely Dan releases its debut album Can't Buy a Thrill featuring hit singles "Dirty Work" and "Do It Again".
- 1977 - Steely Dan release Aja to critical and commercial success. Rolling Stone listed it as one its Top 500 Greatest Albums of All-Time list and the Grammy's inducted it into the Hall of Fame in 2003. Despite this, Becker's
life was in chaos due to drugs and personal tragedy, including his girlfriend's death from overdose and Becker getting hit by a car.
- 1981 - Becker's personal exhaustion was exacerbated by commercial pressures and the complicated recording process surrounding the final album of Steely Dan's initial career, 1980's Gaucho, leading the duo to suspend their
partnership.
- 2000 - Steely Dan reform to tour and release several albums, alongside Becker's solo releases. Their comeback album Two Against Nature receives the Grammy for Album of the Year.
- 2017 - Becker dies at the age of 67 due to currently undisclosed causes.
"His life really meant something, not just to friends and family who knew him personally but his farthest flung fan out there has been touched by this guy's thoughts and his talent. I think that's the one thing we all hope for in this life is we leave something of a legacy, that's meaningful to someone else, when we leave here. He was a great guy, and we all miss him already."
- Steely Dan collaborator and touring member Michael McDonald


The best value plays in your DraftKings lineup for Week 12 of the NFL season
by Tyler Lauletta- Week 12 of the NFL season is here.
- For daily fantasy players, the difference between winning and losing the day comes down to finding the best value plays at every position.
- This week, we like Baker Mayfield, Bo Scarbrough, and more to outplay their prices in DraftKings and FanDuel.
- Visit Business Insider’s homepage for more stories.
Daily fantasy sports are all about finding value.
Last week was a solid one for our DraftKings value picks, with Randall Cobb, Dallas Goedert, and Ted Ginn Jr. all finding the end zone at a reasonable price.
This week, we’re back at it again, diving deep into the DraftKings player pool to find players that might be undervalued and can help you fill out your lineup when you feel the need to overspend at other positions.
Take a look below for our best value picks for your Week 12 DraftKings lineups.
QB: Baker Mayfield, $US5,900
After an offseason of building high expectations, the Browns offence hasn’t been as hot as advertised through the 2019 campaign. This week, against a Dolphins team that’s still reeling despite finally getting in the win column, I think Cleveland puts it all together.
I’m getting as many Browns in my lineup as I can afford.
RB: David Montgomery, $US5,500
The Bears desperately need a win on Sunday against the lowly Giants if they are to have any hope of competing for a playoff spot in the crowded NFC. Mitch Trubisky isn’t going to do it, so the burden of carrying the Chicago offence will fall on the shoulders of running back David Montgomery. If he can make the most of his opportunities, he’ll be in for a big day.
RB: Bo Scarbrough, $US4,200
Bo Scarbrough is slated to get some heavy usage in the Detroit offence after a slew of injuries decimated the Lions backfield.
While it’s tough to trust a running back that just got his first real taste of NFL action a week ago, his expected usage and low price makes Scarbrough a must-play for daily fantasy players.
WR: Tyler Boyd, $US5,000
Despite their winless record, the Bengals offence has had value for fantasy players this year if you know where to look. In seven of their 10 games, a receiver has gone for at least 88 yards – not a bad day for anyone more concerned with box score stats than the actual outcome of games.
Here’s to hoping Tyler Boyd is the breakout man for the Bengals this weekend.
WR: Robby Anderson, $US4,800
I expect the Jets to be losing this game pretty quickly, and if they are, they will be throwing a lot. Robby Anderson has been pretty quiet for the Jets the past few weeks, but he’s a relatively affordable play this week if you have faith he can bounce back.
WR: Hunter Renfrow, $US4,500
The Oakland Raiders offence has found its rhythm, and this week faces a New York Jets defence that is nothing to write home about. Hunter Renfrow is a proven possession receiver, but it feels like he could get some big usage this week as the Raiders look to assert themselves on the road with a few methodical drives.
TE: Dallas Goedert, $US3,700
Dallas Goedert came through for both the Eagles and our daily fantasy picks last week, scoring Philadelphia’s only touchdown of the game against the Patriots. The Seahawks are giving up more than 14 fantasy points per game to opposing tight ends per DraftKings scoring – eighth-worst in the league.
With two talented tight ends on the Eagles, the Philadelphia scheme could cause real trouble for the Seattle defence.
DEF: Denver Broncos, $US2,400
The Broncos defence is better than their 4-7 record indicates, and while Bills quarterback Josh Allen has undoubtedly made huge improvements over last year, he’s still far from overwhelming his opposition.


I was part of the Input/Output team. See my results of the projects algorithm, slime mold and motor poster below.
You can find all my source code for the projects under these links:
If you like you can contact me here.


Here’s whats in store for Amazon’s weeklong Black Friday 2019 sale
Follow Polygon online:
by Nicole CarpenterBlack Friday is coming — the biggest shopping day of the year. Each year online retailer Amazon saves some of its best deals for the annual sale, and this year is no different. Thousands of products will be discounted across the website, including smart TVs, gaming consoles, and video games.
Deals will start dropping on Nov. 22 and continue through Nov. 29 — Black Friday itself. Ahead of the Nov. 22 start, Amazon’s offered a sneak peek of its most exciting deals. Here’s what’s in store.
Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One
- Up to 30% on select Nintendo Switch software
- Up to 33% on select Nintendo Switch Joy-Cons
- Save on Nintendo Switch Console with digital Mario Kart 8 Deluxe
- Save on Xbox One consoles
- Up to 33% on PlayStation 4 Slim 1TB bundles
Gaming Accessories
- Save on Oculus Rift S
- Up to 40% on Corsair gaming products and accessories
- Save on PC gaming laptops, desktops, monitors, components, and accessories
- Save on SanDisk and WD storage devices
- Save on headphones from Bose, Sony and other top brands
4K TV, Monitors, and accessories
- Save on Samsung, Sony, and LG TVs
- Free Echo Dot with select Fire TV Edition Smart TVs
- Fire TV Stick 4K with Alexa Voice Remote and Echo Dot — $46.99
- Fire TV Stick with Alexa Voice Remote — $19.99 ($20 off)
- Fire TV Stick 4K with Alexa Voice Remote — $24.99 ($25 off)
- All-new Fire TV Cube — $89.99 ($30 off)
- LG 82” 4K Ultra HD Smart LED TV — $1,699.99 ($500 off)
Entertainment
- Audible: Between November 25 and 27, new members receive a bonus $15 Amazon credit and continue to save 53% on the first three months of an Audible membership at $6.95 a month. Additional offers to be announced through the holiday season.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block body_block %}
| Date | Species | Eggs | Live Young | Dead Young | Nest Status | Adult Activity | Young Status | Management Activity | Cowbird Evidence | Comments | {{sheet.date|date:"n/j/y"}} | {{sheet.species}} | {{sheet.eggs}} | {{sheet.live_young}} | {{sheet.dead_young}} | {{sheet.nest_status}} | {{sheet.adult_activity}} | {{sheet.young_status}} | {{sheet.management_activity}} | {{sheet.cowbird_evidence}} | {{sheet.comments}} | {% endfor %}
|---|


Lately I’ve been trying to wrap my head around Vulkan. As part of that, I’ve been building a small Breakout clone (github) as a way to see how the pieces of the API fit together in a “real” application.
When I’m starting to learn a new graphics API, the thing that I try to focus on is getting used to all the different ways to send data from the CPU to the GPU. Since my Breakout clone didn’t have textures, or meshes (really) to speak of, that left the per frame uniform data for each object on screen.
Looking at a few vulkan examples I could find, and taking a quick glance through the API, I settled on 5 different options for getting my uniform data sent to the card:
All the guidelines out there are pretty clear when they say to use push-constants for data that has to change on a per-object basis every frame, but given that push constants have a size limit, it made sense to give each of the above approaches a whirl, since they conceivably all will have their place in a large application.
So, in the interest of whirling, I put a branch in my repo for each, and then tracked the average frame-time of each to see how much faster or slower each approach was.
However, Breakout is really not a good test for a GTX 1060, and with 500 blocks on screen, I was running every test at < 1 ms per frame. The times were so small, that even between runs of the exact same version of the program, the results were too varied to be much use (since even a change in measured time of 1/100th of an ms became significant). To make things a bit easier to work with, I added a mode to the game which rendered 5000 blocks at a time.
This produced much more stable results (ie/ could be reproduced in multiple runs), which I want to provide here to give context to the rest of this blog post.
The big takeaway here is that mapping memory is a really slow process, so if you need something mapped, keep it that way for as long as you can. This is likely not news to anyone except me, since I’ve been living in mobile engine land for my whole career and really haven’t had to worry about that. Oh, and the guides were right, you should totally use push constants when you can. If you can’t use them, there’s a slight advantage to packing multiple objects worth of data into a single buffer, vs giving every object it’s own.
With that in mind, I want to walk through the implementation details of each approach, because I wish something like that had existed before I started down this rabbit hole. If you were only interested in the performance results, you can stop reading and go about your life :) If you’re scratching your head as to how to do one or more of these things, join me below!
In order to make much sense of the code I’m going to share, it will be helpful to understand that my code stores uniform data that will be sent to the GPU in a struct called PrimitiveUniformObject, which directly maps to the layout of the uniform data in the shader:
//CPU
struct PrimitiveUniformObject
{
glm::mat4 model;
glm::vec4 color;
};
//glsl
layout(set = 0, binding = 0) uniform PER_OBJECT
{
mat4 mvp;
vec4 col;
} obj;
Hopefully that makes sense! I’m going to try to keep all the snippets I share abbreviated enough that you otherwise don’t need to care about how I structured things, but I couldn’t get around telling you about this tiny bit.
I’m also going to assume that you’re at least at the level I was when I started this project, that is, you’ve gone through vulkan-tutorial.com, and therefore understand how to allocate a VkBuffer. If you aren’t there yet, click the link to the tutorial and come back in a few hours. Things will make much more sense.
Let’s start by talking about the approaches that felt most intuitive for me right off the bat, giving each drawable entity (which my code calls a Primitive) it’s own VkBuffer to store it’s own uniform data, and a VkDescriptorSet to know about that buffer:
struct PrimitiveInstance
{
vec3 pos;
vec3 scale;
vec4 col;
VkBuffer uniformBuffer;
VkDescriptorSet descSet;
VkDeviceMemory bufferMem;
int meshID;
};
My project was simple enough (and my gpu forgiving enough) that I could get away with doing a VkDeviceMemory allocation for every primitive. On a larger project you’d have to do something smarter than that.
Since the entirety of the data stored in the VkBuffer is going to get updated every frame, and we’re going to update the data with a single write to the buffer data, I allocated the VkBuffers with host coherent memory, which makes things nice and easy when it’s time to update the data:
//abbreviated code:
PrimitiveUniformObject puo;
puo.model = VIEW_PROJECTION * (glm::translate(pos) * glm::scale(scale));
puo.color = col;
void* udata = nullptr;
vkMapMemory(device, bufferMem, 0, sizeof(PrimitiveUniformObject), 0, &udata);
memcpy(udata, &puo, sizeof(PrimitiveUniformObject));
vkUnmapMemory(device, bufferMem);
Since we’ve already taken a look at the performance graph, we know that mapping/unmapping the buffer for each Primitive, every frame, is a performance killer. We can work around that with the next approach and get much better results.
To make the multiple buffer approach faster, all we need to do is to add one more variable to the PrimitiveInstance struct:
struct PrimitiveInstance
{
vec3 pos;
vec3 scale;
vec4 col;
VkBuffer uniformBuffer;
VkDescriptorSet descSet;
void* mapped;
int meshID;
};
In this approach, when a primitive was created, the data for their buffer was immediately mapped, and the address stored in the mapped pointer above. Note that the PrimitiveInstance struct doesn’t contain a PrimitiveUniformObject, those get created per frame by combining the easier to work with variables we have here.
//abbreviated code:
PrimitiveUniformObject puo;
puo.model = VIEW_PROJECTION * (glm::translate(pos) * glm::scale(scale));
puo.color = col;
memcpy(mapped, &puo, sizeof(PrimitiveUniformObject));
Then, all that’s needed is to submit each object’s descriptorSet to the rendering function, and pass the right one to vkCmdBindDescriptorSets at the right time. As you saw in the graph earlier, this approach was the slowest of the three approaches that didn’t involve mapping/unmapping data every frame.
In the above code, I don’t need to call vkflushmappedmemoryranges or similar because the buffer memory was allocated with the VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT flag set. Without that, you’d have to manually tell vulkan when you changed the data at that pointer. Host coherent memory is very likely slower than not the alternative, but for buffers which are completely changed every frame, I’m not sure there’s much of a difference.
I haven’t tested out anything using non-host coherent memory though, so I reserve the right to be totally wrong about that.
The second approach I tried was to allocate a single VkBuffer which was large enough to store the uniform data for every object inside it, treating the buffer’s contents as an array of uniform data. Since in my case, I was submitting an array of mesh ids alongside the uniform data, this meant that I didn’t need to store any extra info in the primitive instance struct. As long as both arrays were in the same order, the right mesh would get drawn with the right uniform data.
struct PrimitiveInstance
{
vec3 pos;
vec3 scale;
vec4 col;
int meshID;
};
One caveat to this approach is that the data stored in the VkBuffer has to be memory aligned to your GPU. In my case, I was already getting my VkPhysicalDeviceProperties when I initialized everything, so that data was easily accessible. With that alignment data, you can then figure out exactly how big your VkBuffer has to be:
size_t deviceAlignment = deviceProps.limits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment;
size_t uniformBufferSize = sizeof(PrimitiveUniformObject);
size_t dynamicAlignment = (uniformBufferSize / deviceAlignment) * deviceAlignment + ((uniformBufferSize % deviceAlignment) > 0 ? deviceAlignment : 0);
size_t bufferSize = uniformBufferSize * primitiveCount * dynamicAlignment;
Once you know the alignment you need, you can use Windows’ aligned_malloc function to actually get an aligned block of memory, which you can then memcpy into the vkbuffer’s mapped pointer.
uniformData = (PrimitiveUniformObject*)_aligned_malloc(bufferSize, dynamicAlignment);
Since the PrimitiveUniformObject struct itself has no notion of alignment, you have to space your writes into buffer memory accordingly:
//abbreviated code
int idx = 0;
char* uniformChar = (char*)uniformData;
for (const auto& prim : primitives)
{
PrimitiveUniformObject puo;
puo.model = VIEW_PROJECTION * (glm::translate(prim.pos) * glm::scale(prim.scale));
puo.color = prim.col;
memcpy(&uniformChar[idx * dynamicAlignment], &puo, sizeof(PrimitiveUniformObject));
idx++;
}
Likewise, when you allocate your VkBuffer, you’re going to want to request a buffer of size dynamicAlignment * number of primitives, and you’ll want to make sure you get memory that comes from a descriptorPool of type VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC.
With all of that set up, you can then copy your frame data to the uniform buffer like so:
void* udata = nullptr;
vkMapMemory(device, buffer.deviceMemory, 0, dynamicAlignment * PRIM_COUNT, 0, &udata);
memcpy(udata, uniformData, dynamicAlignment * PRIM_COUNT);
vkUnmapMemory(device, buffer.deviceMemory);
And finally, you need to pass an offset in your calls to vkCmdBindDescriptorSets. This offset tells vulkan where in the single buffer’s data to grab each object’s individual uniform data. Since it’s a byte offset, you’ll need to have the dynamicAlignment value we calculated earlier handy:
for (int i = 0; i < PRIM_COUNT; ++i)
{
uint32_t dynamicOffset = i * static_cast<uint32_t>(dynamicAlignment);
vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffer,
VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
pipelineLayout,
0,
1,
&descriptorSet,
1,
&dynamicOffset);
// rest of per object draw code goes here
}
That should be enough to get you going, but we can make this faster too.
Just like the multi-buffer approach, we can speed up the single buffer solution by keeping that buffer always mapped. Since we only have one buffer, this is a trivial change to the code. If you wanted, you could even just do it inside your update function like this:
static void* udata = nullptr;
if (!udata)
{
vkMapMemory(device, buffer.deviceMemory, 0, dynamicAlignment * PRIM_COUNT, 0, &udata);
}
memcpy(udata, uniformData, dynamicAlignment * PRIM_COUNT);
Of course, you probably shouldn’t do it like this, but there’s no performance reason not to, so I’m going to back away slowly from discussing code quality issues now.
To finish things off, let’s take a look at our big winner from the performance tests. Push constants are great for data that updates this frequently because you don’t actually need to allocate any buffers for it. This also means that we need to do a few things differently from the previous 4 approaches we’ve looked at, like changing how we declare our uniform data struct in glsl:
layout(push_constant) uniform PER_OBJECT
{
mat4 mvp;
vec4 col;
} obj;
Next, instead of creating any VkBuffers, when we create our pipeline layout, we need to specify a push constant range:
VkPushConstantRange pushConstantRange = {};
pushConstantRange.offset = 0;
pushConstantRange.size = sizeof(PrimitiveUniformObject);
pushConstantRange.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo = {};
//..other init code here
pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = &descriptorSetLayout; // still need this
pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = 1;
pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = &pushConstantRange;
Like the comment above says, even when using push constants, you still need to provide a descriptorSetLayout to specify how the uniform data is going to be laid out in memory. You just don’t actually need to make any descriptorSets to actually pass that data to the shader.
Instead, where you might otherwise call vkCmdBindDescriptorSets, you do the following:
for (int i = 0; i < PRIM_COUNT); ++i)
{
vkCmdPushConstants(
commandBuffer,
pipelineLayout,
VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
0,
sizeof(PrimitiveUniformObject),
&uniformData[i]);
// rest of per object draw code goes here
}
That should cover it (assuming I haven’t missed a step). Given the option, push constants feel a lot cleaner for passing small bits of data to shaders, which makes sense given that they’re tailor made for that purpose. It is nice to have the most performant option we have, also be the easiest to work with.
That wraps up the implementation details for everything. To get a sense of when to use each approach, I recommend you check out NVidia’s Vulkan Shader Resource Binding page.
I’m a complete beginner with Vulkan, so if you see anything weird or just plain wrong in this post, please send me a message on Twitter, I would love to hear from you! Likewise, if there’s a resource out there that’s helped you get a handle on Vulkan, please pass it along.
Until next time!