Passionate Product Manager with a strong background in software engineering and mathematics. Experienced in leading cross-functional teams of 15 members and delivering impactful products in the automotive rental and sports analytics industries. Committed to data-driven decision-making, user-centric design, and achieving measurable results. Driven by the challenge of solving complex problems and delivering innovative solutions that enhance user experience and drive business growth.
View Resume
As a Product Manager at Hertz, I spearheaded the development and launch of a white-label shop and book platform for the Thrifty brand. This innovative platform was designed to streamline and unify the online booking process across all Hertz brands, replacing the need for multiple websites and regional variations.
The platform's key strength lies in its ability to be seamlessly integrated into any containing website and internationalized, thereby enabling rapid scaling of improvements across brands and regions. This strategic initiative not only reduced tech debt and maintenance but also significantly enhanced user experience.
As a co-founder of ProActive Stats, a sports data analytics platform, I navigated the challenging startup landscape, honing my skills in product discovery, ideation, and management. Despite the eventual closure of the startup, the journey was marked by significant achievements and learning opportunities.
We secured a place in Enterprise Ireland's New Frontiers incubator program and raised a five-figure funding amount, demonstrating the potential of our innovative product. Our efforts were recognized when we were named runners-up in Ireland's Best Young Entrepreneur competition in Clare. This experience, while challenging, was instrumental in shaping my approach to product management, reinforcing the importance of resilience, adaptability, and continuous learning.
At Industry Dive, a dynamic startup, I worked as a Software Engineer where I was deeply involved in the full product development process. Reporting directly to the CTO, I focused on front-end development and contributed to the creation of a subscriber validation platform and the company's webinar platform. This role provided me with a comprehensive understanding of the product lifecycle, from ideation to launch, and the importance of cross-functional collaboration.
Reach out with any questions
Contact Me


My apologies for the recent lack of potsages [sic] here at the Yard of Hooting. This has been occasioned my my inability to cope—either mentally or physically—with the damnable weather. Whatever happened to “overcast, with drizzle”? Instrad, I am battered and blinded by the sun—or, as the Moody Blues liked to call it, Brave Helios! Well, Brave Helios is an accur'd orb I would happily see blotted out, or wholly extinguished. I shall pray for rain, or, better, a howling blizzard,, and resume tippy-tapping when I am able.


| Table | Players | Wins | Losses | Draws |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ match.number }} | {{ match.players[0].name }} | {{ match.players[0].wins }} | {{ match.players[0].losses }} | {{ match.players[0].draws }} |
| {{ match.players[1].name }} | {{ match.players[1].wins }} | {{ match.players[1].losses }} | ||
| - | {{ match.players[0].name }} | bye |
| # | Name | MP | OMW% | GW% | OGW% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ player.rank }} | {{ player.playerName }} |


Use Case
It's that time of year! Will is making his annual trip to Denver to visit friends and family, but mainly to catch a Broncos
game! A long time friend of Will's has access to season tickets and always has an extra for him every year. Unfortunately
this year, Will's friend had to secure Will's ticket for an unexpected family visitor. Will's friend suggested using
stubhub.com as it's worked well for him in the past. Will sure as heck didn't make the
drive to Colorado just to watch it on TV. Stubhub it is!
Interaction Flow
Precondition: Will writes "stubhub.com" into his mobile Safari browser
Postcondition: Will receives tickets in the mobile app
- Will Types "Denver Broncos" into top search bar and clicks "go"
- Website presents list of upcoming events with keywords "Denver Broncos" starting with the next soonest
- Will clicks on the game that begins the next day
- Website asks how many tickets
- Will selects one
- Site presents interactive seating chart with lists of tickets available in each section sorted by either lowest price or best value
- Will selects best ticket in his price range
- Site redirects to secure checkout page
- Will enters CC info and selects "Automatic Electronic Delivery" for shipment option and clicks "Confirm Payment"
- Website redirects to confirmation page with confirmation Number
- Will's email immediately receives message with link to electronic tickets
- Will high-fives friend and rejoices in how easy the interaction was
- Will begins to apply rubber horse head and blue and orange body paint


"There is no use of my knowledge, if my knowledge isn't going to help my country"
Intership was about developing websites using HTML,CSS, PHP,MySQL and vwrious languages. Apart from this I learned bug fixing an error reconization in Front-end development.I also learned front-end and back-end development side by side.
Intership was about how a proper star-up should start for more profits what are the do's and dont's that are required when we start a new start-up.
Intership was about promoting the products and courses offered by the company all over the social media platforms with proper content and hashtags.
Analytics is a business product offered by Google, which let you measure your advertising ROI as well as track your Flash, Video and social networking sites and applications.
Dialogflow is an end to end, build once deploy everywhere development which suite for creating conversational interfaces for website, mobile applications,IoT devices, etc
Drive to Web lets you host web sites using free cloud storage. No need to buy or rent a server anymore.
Web Developer | Creative Designer | Digital Marketing
| Content Writer | Template Designer


Error
public enum Error : Swift.Error
This enum is used for all errors that are generated by this library. Any external errors
are wrapped as unknown
errors.
-
The scheduled request is invalid due to some form of invalid parameters. This error e.g. occurs when a request with method GET or DELETE is scheduled and has a non-empty body.
Declaration
Swift
case invalidRequest(message: String)
-
Scheduling a request failed as the provided parameters cannot be encoded as desired into a valid HTTP request.
Declaration
Swift
case encodingFailed
-
The scheduled request did not receive a response from the server due to a timeout.
Declaration
Swift
case timeout
-
The scheduled request did not receive a response as there is no internet connection.
Declaration
Swift
case noConnection
-
The url of the scheduled request is invalid.
Declaration
Swift
case invalidUrl
-
The host of the url of the scheduled request could not be found.
Declaration
Swift
case unknownHost
-
The response from the server could not be parsed as desired.
Declaration
Swift
case invalidResponse
-
The request resulted in a response from the server, however, the response indicates failure. The application-specific reason for the failure may be derived from the status code and the actual response.
Declaration
Swift
case requestFailed(statusCode: Int, response: Data)
-
A stream constructed by a
WebSocketRequest
was closed by the peer.Declaration
Swift
case closedStream(code: URLSessionWebSocketTask.CloseCode)
-
An error indicating that a paginated request is already in progress and a new one will not be scheduled at the moment.
Declaration
Swift
case requestInProgress
-
An error indicating that the last page of a paginated request has been reached and no further request will be scheduled.
Declaration
Swift
case requestFinished
-
An unknown error occured which cannot be described more precisely by using a particular
Squid.Error
.Declaration
Swift
case unknown(Swift.Error)


Data Flakes is a visualization of cereal nutritional value across many different brands and types. The goal is to help you, the consumer, make more informed decisions about which cereal to eat. We think that most cereal commercials do a poor job of communicating health benefits. Most ads involve colorful mascots who spout meaningless sayings (I'm looking at you Tony) or old people worrying about various organs, both of which aren't helpful. We're here to change that.
Data Flakes was created for Data Sciences (CS194) at the University of California Berkeley and is part of a balanced breakfast.


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| Citral (29), Caryophyllene (21.5), terpinyl acetate (12), and myrcene (7), Menthone (6.8) |
| Limonene (14), verbenone (21.4), α-terpineol (8.8), perillyl alcohol (7.9) and Caryophyllene (7) |
| δ -3-carene (9.7%), limonene (9.2%), carvacrol (8.3%), 1,8-cineole (6.9%) and carvone (5.1%). |
| α-pinene (10.5%), caryophyllene oxide (9.2%),terpinen- 4-ol (5.7%) and germacrene D (5.6%). |
| geranial (35.8%), limonene-10-al (26.6%),limonene (15.8%) and 1,1-dimethoxy decane (14.5%) |
| Geranial (12.1), α-Pinene (10.34), Geraniol acetate (10.27), Geraniol (9.55), Neral (8.9) and Limonene (6.95) |


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FileFilter
and FilenameFilter
.
See:
Description
| Interface Summary | |
| ConditionalFileFilter | Defines operations for conditional file filters. |
| IOFileFilter | An interface which brings the FileFilter and FilenameFilter interfaces together. |
| Class Summary | |
| AbstractFileFilter | An abstract class which implements the Java FileFilter and FilenameFilter interfaces via the IOFileFilter interface. |
| AgeFileFilter | Filters files based on a cutoff time, can filter either newer files or files equal to or older. |
| AndFileFilter | A FileFilter providing conditional AND logic across a list of
file filters. |
| CanReadFileFilter | This filter accepts File s that can be read. |
| CanWriteFileFilter | This filter accepts File s that can be written to. |
| DelegateFileFilter | This class turns a Java FileFilter or FilenameFilter into an IO FileFilter. |
| DirectoryFileFilter | This filter accepts File s that are directories. |
| EmptyFileFilter | This filter accepts files or directories that are empty. |
| FalseFileFilter | A file filter that always returns false. |
| FileFileFilter | This filter accepts File s that are files (not directories). |
| FileFilterUtils | Useful utilities for working with file filters. |
| HiddenFileFilter | This filter accepts File s that are hidden. |
| NameFileFilter | Filters filenames for a certain name. |
| NotFileFilter | This filter produces a logical NOT of the filters specified. |
| OrFileFilter | A FileFilter providing conditional OR logic across a list of
file filters. |
| PrefixFileFilter | Filters filenames for a certain prefix. |
| SizeFileFilter | Filters files based on size, can filter either smaller files or files equal to or larger than a given threshold. |
| SuffixFileFilter | Filters files based on the suffix (what the filename ends with). |
| TrueFileFilter | A file filter that always returns true. |
| WildcardFileFilter | Filters files using the supplied wildcards. |
| WildcardFilter | Deprecated. Use WilcardFileFilter. |
This package defines an interface (IOFileFilter) that combines both
FileFilter
and FilenameFilter
. Besides
that the package offers a series of ready-to-use implementations of the
IOFileFilter interface including implementation that allow you to combine
other such filters.
These filter can be used to list files or in java.awt.FileDialog
,
for example.
There are a number of 'primitive' filters:
| DirectoryFilter | Only accept directories |
| PrefixFileFilter | Filter based on a prefix |
| SuffixFileFilter | Filter based on a suffix |
| NameFileFilter | Filter based on a filename |
| WildcardFileFilter | Filter based on wildcards |
| AgeFileFilter | Filter based on last modified time of file |
| SizeFileFilter | Filter based on file size |
And there are five 'boolean' filters:
| TrueFileFilter | Accept all files |
| FalseFileFilter | Accept no files |
| NotFileFilter | Applies a logical NOT to an existing filter |
| AndFileFilter | Combines two filters using a logical AND |
| OrFileFilter | Combines two filter using a logical OR |
These boolean FilenameFilters can be nested, to allow arbitrary expressions. For example, here is how one could print all non-directory files in the current directory, starting with "A", and ending in ".java" or ".class":
File dir = new File("."); String[] files = dir.list( new AndFileFilter( new AndFileFilter( new PrefixFileFilter("A"), new OrFileFilter( new SuffixFileFilter(".class"), new SuffixFileFilter(".java") ) ), new NotFileFilter( new DirectoryFileFilter() ) ) ); for ( int i=0; i<files.length; i++ ) { System.out.println(files[i]); }
This package also contains a utility class: FileFilterUtils. It allows you to use all file filters without having to put them in the import section. Here's how the above example will look using FileFilterUtils:
File dir = new File("."); String[] files = dir.list( FileFilterUtils.andFileFilter( FileFilterUtils.andFileFilter( FileFilterUtils.prefixFileFilter("A"), FileFilterUtils.orFileFilter( FileFilterUtils.suffixFileFilter(".class"), FileFilterUtils.suffixFileFilter(".java") ) ), FileFilterUtils.notFileFilter( FileFilterUtils.directoryFileFilter() ) ) ); for ( int i=0; i<files.length; i++ ) { System.out.println(files[i]); }
There are a few other goodies in that class so please have a look at the documentation in detail.
|
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--- layout: page-about title: "About" description: "To Measure is to Know" header-img: "img/about-bg.jpg" ---
A modest attempt at World Rationalization.
Trying to give people more insight into important subjects by scraping, analysing and visualising data. Hoping to breach the bubble and find some truth in an ocean of opinion and clickbait. Above the daily chatter, and always thorough.
Maybe you can be swayed?


STEMMLER, Delford Anthony
Date of death: November 21, 2019
Date of birth: July 31, 1938
Age: 81
Location: Waterloo, Ontario
Family
- Spouse: Germaine "Gerry" Stemmler
- Children: Marcella Stemmler, Gwen McGlade (Jeff), Kevin Stemmler, Ian Stemmler (Sharon) and Valerie Pettifer (Garnet)
- Grandchildren: Tim Stemmler (Jennifer Hof),Corinna Lafrance (Phil Gatenby), Matthew Lafrance (Shannon McKay) Amanda Pettifer (Tanner Money); step-grandchildren, Kris Key (Shelbey Constabile)
- Great Grandchildren: Kaelyn, Isla; step great-grandfather, Sydney and London
- Parents: Herbert and Annie, Clayton, Melvin, Lorne, Marsella, Herbert, Uneetta and Orville
- Siblings: Oscar, Gordon, Elwood, and Esther
Visitation: Saturday, November 30, 2019, from 1-2 pm, at Memory Gardens Funeral Home, 2723 Victoria Street North, Breslau
Service: Saturday, November 30, 2019, at 2 pm, at Memory Gardens Funeral Home. Reception to follow.


The Sign of the Cross: In the name of the Father of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen
The Apostles' Creed:I believe in God the Father Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth; and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord; Who was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died and was buried. He descended into hell. On the third day He arose again; He ascended into heaven,and sitteth at the right hand of God, the Father Almighty; from thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Ghost, the Holy Catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgivness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and life everlasting. Amen
Our Father: Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name: Thy kingdom come: Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread: and forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation: but deliver us from evil. Amen.
Hail Mary: Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen
Glory Be to the Father: Glory be to the Father, and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the beginning, is now and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.
The Fatima Prayer:"O my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fires of hell, and lead all souls to Heaven, especially those in most need of Your Mercy". (Our Lady at Fatima, 13th July 1917)
The Hail, Holy Queen:Hail, holy Queen, Mother of Mercy! our life, our sweetness, and our hope! To thee do we cry, poor banished children of Eve; to thee do we send up our sighs, mourning and weeping in this valley, of tears.
Let Us Pray
"O God whose only begotten Son by His Life has purchased for us the rewards of eternal life, Grant that we beseech Thee while meditating upon these mysteries of the Most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary, we may both imitate what they contain and obtain what they promise, through the same Christ our Lord Amen."
Fatima prayer #2"My God, I believe, I adore, I hope, and I love You. I beg pardon of You for those who do not believe, do not adore, do not hope, and do not love You."
Lord have mercy.
Christ have mercy.
Lord have mercy.
Christ hear us.
Christ graciously hear us.
God, the Father of heaven,
have mercy on us.

Holy Mother of God,
Holy Virgin of virgins,
Mother of Christ,
Mother of the Church,
Mother of divine grace,
Mother most pure,
Mother most chaste,
Mother inviolate,
Mother undefiled,
Mother most amiable,
Mother admirable,
Mother of good counsel,
Mother of our Creator,
Mother of our Saviour,
Mother of mercy,
Virgin most prudent,
Virgin most venerable,
Virgin most renowned,
Virgin most powerful,
Virgin most merciful,
Virgin most faithful,
Mirror of justice,
Seat of wisdom,
Cause of our joy,
Spiritual vessel,
Vessel of honour,
Singular vessel of devotion,
Mystical rose,
Tower of David,
Tower of ivory,
House of gold,
Ark of the covenant,
Gate of heaven,
Morning star,
Health of the sick,
Refuge of sinners,
Comfort of the afflicted,
Help of Christians,
Queen of Angels,
Queen of Patriarchs,
Queen of Prophets,
Queen of Apostles,
Queen of Martyrs,
Queen of Confessors,
Queen of Virgins,
Queen of all Saints,
Queen conceived without original sin,
Queen assumed into heaven,
Queen of the most holy Rosary,
Queen of families,
Queen of peace.
Lamb of God, who takest away the sins of the world,
spare us, O Lord.
Lamb of God, who takest away the sins of the world,
graciously hear us, O Lord.
Lamb of God, who takest away the sins of the world,
have mercy on us.
Pray for us, O holy Mother of God.
That we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ.
Let us pray.
Grant, we beseech thee,
O Lord God,
that we, your servants,
may enjoy perpetual health of mind and body;
and by the intercession of the Blessed Mary, ever Virgin,
may be delivered from present sorrow,
and obtain eternal joy.
Through Christ our Lord.
Amen.
Memorare of St. Bernard:
Remember, O most gracious Virgin Mary, that never was it known that anyone who fled to thy protection, implored thy help, or sought thine intercession was left unaided.
Inspired by this confidence, I fly unto thee, O Virgin of virgins, my mother; to thee do I come, before thee I stand, sinful and sorrowful. O Mother of the Word Incarnate, despise not my petitions, but in thy mercy hear and answer me.


The EDA/DBC experience is both scary and exciting. I know that the more prep I can do now will assist me when I get to the bootcamp section. Watching the video with Shareef was a great way to understand what we are going to be doing but also to change my perceptions of what is important.
The ability to admit that you don't always know what you are doing is a barrier to break down. I liked how Shareef talked about intelligence and how it is going to be your ability to get on with others that will make you a good developer not how smart or fast you are at something. When I previously worked in web there was a feeling that you were stupid if you didn't understand how it all worked.
I feel like this has made me more optimistic and I am excited about getting together with my cohort to create some cool stuff and support each other. It's good that it's not a competitive environment and we will all be helping each other. I am sure there will be plenty of times I find this project hard but I am definitely excited.


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Problem #10
Problem #3
Problem #5 and #6
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Problem #8
Problem #1 and #2


class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide #
構式
之無所不在： ## 認知與計算觀點 (Version: 0.2) ### 謝舒凱 (Graduate Institute of Linguistics, NTU) ### 2021-12-02
---  --- layout: true # Language and Ontology Processing | 語言即計算 --- 語言學有理論嗎 🙈 - THE LEXICON is THE MATRIX ㊙：需要想像一個終極的研究對象 - .font70[構詞、詞意區分、概念知識本體、變異與變遷、情意處理與社會網路] -- - 語言研究的時代精神 Zeitgeist ： - 社群媒體促生不同語言版本的民主化
 .font60[歷史文本到言談多模溝通 ] - 語言、資訊與實在：規約設計 (rule/constraint-based) 到使用觀察 (usage-based)
 .font60[ 原子到量子] - 人際到人機互動
 .font60[ 符碼規則到向量空間] --- layout: true # Plan --- - Introduction to `construction.grammar` - Corpus-based (association) measures - Computational construction grammar - Conclusion and on-going works --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # *Introduction* --- # NLP (modularized) pipeline 管線的發展讓我們可以把語言切整乾淨，方便從不同角度抽取觀察。 ![](images/corenlp.png) --- # Chinese coreNLP 中文（與一些語言）多了一組斷詞任務，很強勢地決定了任何後續的任務。 ![](images/pipe.png) --- # 但背後的假說，我們太習以為常 (為真) > To the man with only a hammer, every problem looks like a nail (Charlie Munger)

 --- # 回去看看 NLP (modularized) pipeline 的預設 ### 每個模組都要提供最佳解，贏者全拿 (competition)
 Resolution of any competition (always looking for a **best-fit** solution - 注意 competition 的源頭是來自連結論傳統
 The notion of compitition is sometimes associted with highly *non-modular* processing theories also described as **connectionist**, which hypothesizes an unrestrcted flow of information across an uncompartmentalized mind. ### 語言（語法）模組是自給自足的自主 (autonomous) 系統 --- # Chomsky hierarchy

 --- # 喬叟誤我輩六十年 (Huang, 2021) .pull-left[ ![](images/huang1.png) ] -- .pull-right[ ![](images/huang2.png) ] --- # 語言與認知處理

 --- # Language in use | 生活中的 (新) 語言使用 (Goldberg, 2019) .pull-left[ ![](images/novel.constructions.png) ] -- .pull-right[ ![](images/novel.odd.png) ] -- - The **explain me this** puzzle: USAGE-BASED CONSTRUCTIONIST APPROACH to language.  --- # 先從一個「圖文不符」的例子講起 #### 怎麼說一個人帥？ `X 成這樣是要怎麼辦啦`、`要不要這麼 X 啦`、`有 XX 的感覺`、`X 的不要不要的` .pull-right[ ![](images/handsome.png)] --  --- # 簡言之

 ## Grammar 是在人際使用中，系統裡突現的 (emerged)，(可能)不是先驗內在的 (innate)。 --- # 詞典學注意到語言表達單位的「連續」特質 自由語到熟語 - 單字詞 ("`愛`")、雙字詞 ("`愛情`")、三字詞 ("`大不了`")、四字格 ("`沒大沒小`")、四字成語 ("`一葉知秋`")、格言 ("`滿招損謙受益`")、歇後語、諺語 。。 --- # Formulaic Language (語式) | Review - *Formulae* :  以常用語反覆為特徵，心理上具有預製 (prefabbed) 的語言現象。 - 60 多種相關術語：`定式語` (formulaic sequence/utterance/speech)、`語塊` (chunk)、`詞串` (lexical bundles)、`多詞單位` (multiword expressions)、`搭配詞` (collocation)、`成語` (idioms)、`固定語` (fixed expressions) ...... > a sequence, continuous or discontinuous, of words or other meaningelements, which is, or appears to be, prefabricated: that is, stored and retrieved whole from memory at the time of use, rather than being subject to generation or analysis by the language grammar (wray, 2000) --- # 語式的特徵 | Basic characterization of formulaic language - 語音連貫性 - 語意組合性（`透明到晦澀`） - 整體提取性 - 句法常常不合常規 - 使用頻率穩定 --- layout: false # Construction grammar (C*G) | 構式文法 ![](images/lang.cog.png) --- - 語式的觀察沒有要探究認知意義，構式文法的理論企圖較大。 > Construction grammar (often abbreviated CxG) is a sociobiological family of theories within the field of cognitive and evolutionary linguistics. These posit that human language consists of constructions, or learned pairings of linguistic forms with meanings. (wiki) -- > .font90[ `\(C\)` is a CONSTRUCTION iff def `\(C\)` is a form–meaning pair `\(<F_{i}, S_{i}>\)` such that some aspect of `\(F_{i}\)` or some aspect of `\(S_{i}\)` is not strictly predictable from `\(C\)`'s component parts or from other previously established constructions (Goldberg, 1995).] -- > .font90[ Any linguistic pattern is recognized as a construction as long as some aspect of its form or function is not strictly predictable from its component parts or from other constructions recognized to exist. In addition, patterns are stored as constructions even if they are fully predictable as long as they occur with sufficient frequency (Goldberg, 2006).] --- layout: true # Raison d'être --- .right-column[ .font90[ a speaker's knowledge of language consists of a very large inventory of constructions, where a construction is understood to be `\(\underline{of \ any \ size \ and \ abstractness}\)`, ranging from morphemes to argument structure, and include obvious examples like  **collocations** (`hermetically sealed'), **(idiomatic) expressions with fixed constituents** ('kick the bucket'), **expressions with (semi-) optional constituents** ('hungry as a X'), and **sequences of grammatical categories** ([det][adj][noun]), as well as more complex constructions involving, e.g., the occurrence of **sentence composition features** (e.g. transitivity) or adverbial types (e.g. spatial adverbials).  ] ] -- .left-column[ ![](images/y_tho.jpg) ] -- .right-column[.font120[ `CONTRUCTICON` 簡言之：A construction can be defined as a **form-meaning pairing** (at all levels of descriptions) in which the components cannot entirely explain the meaning of the whole. ] ] --- layout: true # Variations and Basic Tenets --- 不同版本之共享前提 - different versions (Goldberg; Langacker; Croft....) ; a family of theories. - Most constructional approaches agree on three basic tenets: --    ✅ constructions are symbolic units
 ✅ there is a continuum between lexicon and grammar
 ✅ constructions are organized in networks. --- layout: true # Constructional Meaning | 意義是建構的 1/ --- 哲學與認知前提 - bottom-up, usage-based .font70[浮現語法觀], self-adaptive /complex system > emphasizes that exemplars— structured representations— cluster within a hyper-dimensional conceptual space giving rise to emergent constructions, which are then extendable as needed for the purpose of communication. - monotonic, non-derivational (thus no transformation rule, etc).
 .font70[單層級，不推導。句法現象不是由生成規則運算而生的副產品（如被動不是由主動推導出來）] > Grammar does not involve any transformational or derivational component. Semantics is associated directly with surface form -- .img-right-small[ ![hyperdimensional conceptual space](images/hyperplane.png) ]  --- layout: true # Constructional Meaning | 意義是建構的 2/ --- - Semantics is based on speakers' `construals` of situations, not on objective truth conditions. - Semantics, information structure, pragmatics are interrelated, and all played a role in linguistic functions, which are part of our overall conceptual system and not a separate modular component. --- layout: true # (I) Form-Meaning Pairings | 「形意對」的符碼單位 --- > Constructions are defined to be conventional, learned form-function pairings at varying levels of complexity and abstraction. - The formal aspect of a construction is typically described as a syntactic template, but the form covers more than just syntax, as it also involves phonological aspects, such as prosody and intonation. The content covers semantic as well as pragmatic meaning. -- - .font90[大部分的構式具有（不同程度的）「不可預測性」的特質。（如：【X 什麼 X】具有否定、斥責）。成分與構式之間的規約與語意激發關係值得探究。] - .font90[情 (sentiment) 意(sense) 計算是協同發生的嗎？] （【 X 到一個 Y】） --- layout: true # (II) Syntax-lexicon continuum 1/2 --- 「非模組性」打破語言學知識分界 - collapse the classical distinctions between semantics, syntax and pragmatics (or, treated holistically.)
 .font70[每個語法 chunk 都是形式、意義/用法的整體 (Gestalt)] - construction grammarians argue that all pairings of form and meaning are constructions including phrase structures, idioms, words and even morphemes. .font70[涵蓋從語素到句子各級句法單位，甚至詞類的構式] -- > They laughed him out of the room. (town/court) .font70[It means that they laughed at you until you were so embarrassed that you left the room and kept laughing as you left. > the normally intransitive verb receives a transitive reading and the situation can be interpreted on the basis of the 'X cause Y to move' construction rather than the syntactic deviance alone.] --- layout: true # (II) Syntax-lexicon continuum 2/2 --- 如果句法本身有意義，就是詞項。所以句法與詞彙界線模糊。 .font70[All constructions are part of a syntax-lexicon continuum. (Hoffmann and Trousdale, 2013)] (1) word construction: `apple` (2) idiom construction: `X take Y for granted` - 'X doesn't value Y' (3) comparative construction: `John is taller than you` - 'X is more Adj than Y' (4) resultative construction: `She rocks the baby to sleep` - 'X causes Y to become Z by V-ing'. *** -- (1) 是典型的 form-meaning pairing; (3)-(4) 比較 schematic，因為有 slots --- layout: true # (III) Cognitive Organization 1/ --- .font70[訊息的習得、儲存、組織與表徵] different models are proposed in relation to how information is stored in the taxonomies. - full-entry/usage-based/default inheritance/complete inheritance model ...... - since the late nineties there has been a shift towards a general preference for the usage-based model. The shift towards the usage-based approach in CxG has inspired several the development of corpus-based methodologies of constructional analysis. > The usage-based model is based on inductive learning, meaning that linguistic knowledge is acquired in a bottom-up manner through use. It allows for redundancy and generalizations, because the language user generalizes over recurring experiences of use. --- layout: true # (III) Cognitive Organization 2/ --- ### Usage-based theory and Exemplar Representation of Construction > The mental grammar of speakers is shaped by repeated exposure to specific utterances and in which domain-general cognitive processes such as categorization and cross-modal association play a role in the entrenchment of construction. - Under this view, there would be no distinction between grammar and metagrammar, but all linguistic knowledge is instead viewed as **emergent** and constantly changing. .font70[語法語意語用都存在一起了] --- layout: true # (III) Cognitive Organization 3/ --- - C\*G claims that **constructions form a (default inheritance) network** - Grammar as a taxonomic inventory of constructions, which are based on the same principles as those of the conceptual categories known from cognitive linguistics, such as - inheritance - prototypicality - extensions - multiple parenting --- layout: true # 認知意義 --- - (Kaschak and Glenberg 2000) suggest that the constructional pattern specifies a general scene and that the 'affordances' of particular objects are used to specify the scene in detail (cf. Pustejovsky's 1995: qualia structure). --- layout: true # 思考 --- Is C*G a (scientific) theory or a perspective? - cognitive commitment: (a commitment to providing a characterization of general principles for language that accords to what is known about the mind and brain from other disciplines (Lakoff 1990)). - the structures of language emerge from interrelated patterns of experience, social interaction, and cognitive processes.  -- - computational commitment - data friendly - `C*G` are currently enjoying considerable attention in linguistic research, but not gaining a (central) place in different kinds of computational linguistics applications++; (.font90[但情緒分析 **sentiment analysis** 與語言習得 **language acquisition** 可能是個關鍵的著力點。]) .footnote[++2010 ACL-workshop on Extracting and Using Constructions in Computational Linguistics' 之後就沒了] --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # *Formosan and Chinese Examples* --- --- layout: true # Affixoid | 類詞綴 --- #### Computational modeling of Affixoid Behaviour in Chinese Morphology .left-column[.font70[ - The morphological status of most Chinese morphemes is indeterminate; rarely derivational and hardly ever inflectional (Hsieh and Huang, forthcoming)
 - Modeling affixoid beheviour (Tseng, Hsieh, Chen and Court, 2020) ] ] -- .right-column[ .img-small[ ![](images/1.png) ![](images/2.png) ![](images/3.png) ] .img-right[ ![](images/affixoid.png) ] ] --- layout: true # QIEs and Idioms | 四字格與成語 --- [華語四字格詞彙網路的認知神經研究 2017-8](http://lope.linguistics.ntu.edu.tw/bmq/) - Prefabs 體現了構式的特點 - .font70[例：`X頭X尾`：虎頭蛇尾、沒頭沒尾、有頭沒尾、徹頭徹尾、從頭到尾、街頭巷尾] - 結構對詞彙給出了限制 .pull-right[ ![](images/bmq2.png) ] .footnote[[(Hsieh et al, 2017), *Entrenchment and Creativity in Chinese Quadrasyllabic Idiomatic Expressions*](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1bZ9rrVDtkJ_nLi7zwFpGR2xiWgFJOMQ8/edit#slide=id.p1)] --- layout: true # QIEs and Neural Evidence --- .img-right[ ![](images/bmq3.png) ] -- - .font70[We hypothesized that when primed with idioms (and other prefabs QIEs) whose construction are ‘entrenched’, language speakers should be faster in comprehension task, and when the QIEs are not recognizable as fixed units, semantically related targets within the constraints set by construction do play a determining role in the acceptance of QIEs variants.]                 --- layout: true # Construction and Lexical Semantics --- - .font70[結構本身具有獨立於其組成成分（詞彙）之外的意義] > 意義包括語意訊息，也同時包括焦點、話題、語體風格、方言差異等語用內容。 - .font70[構式語法的目的是全面描述語言事實(full range of facts)，對比於當前重視「核心語法」的生成語法觀。希望朝向開放的語言哲學觀，同時具備一套嚴謹的基於合一運算的形式表達法，主張把語法與詞彙、語意、語用、韻律作為一個整體來分析。] - .font70[詞彙語意 vs 構式語意舉例
 1. He gave her a cake. 2. He sneezed the napkin off the table. 3. She baked him a cake. -- 1.【有 + bare N】 2.【有 + 數量 NP + ADJ】 ] .footnote[漢語文獻: (黃居仁等 1999) (王惠 2006)] --- layout: true # Construction and Lexical Semantics --- （論元的）動態義（臨時義） (.font60[注疏中的「隨文釋義」、「緣事生訓」、「因文詁義」]) - 一個詞本來沒有某項意義，用到某一個特定的結構中卻可表達一項意義。 - 詞彙語意與結構語意的區分（只有擺脫結構語意的意義，才是詞意，才得以設立義項） --- layout: true # Construction in opinionated texts --- 語意與情緒 > Experiences of emotions may be included as conceptual archetypes that provide the cognitive foundation for linking basic grammatical constructs with semantic categorization (Langacker, 1999) - Emotions are *forces* and emotional experiences are *causal-evaluative events*. This also explains that conventionalized expressions of emotion are highly metaphorical and metonymic in nature, pertaining to embodied experiences of physiological reactions. - Emotional predicates (aka. *mental verbs, verbs of psychological state*, or *psych-verbs*, *psychological predicates*, *verbs of affect*) refer to the class of lemmas that encode a state or an event involving an internal, affective experience. .footnote[Liu, 2016] --- layout: true # Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis as case study > Opinionated text can be defined as the text acquired from blogs, social networking sites or any other online portal in which the users have expressed their disposition and point of view towards any particular product or service. - .font70[[語言是情意表達的戰場：實例](https://lopentu.github.io/casa/threads-sample-every50.html)] - Reversal of Emotions in (**short texts**) - opposites - negation - irony .footnote[[中華電信輿情分析 2017-8; 2020-21](http://<IP_ADDRESS>:9090/)] --- layout: true # Internet Meme and Multimodal C*G --- - **Internet Memes** provide a growing volume of multimodal data. (cf. `Multimodal Meme Dataset`(Suryawanshi et al. 2020)) - Typical image macro includes 3 element: - a background **image** - top **text** that often *formulaic* and easily recognizable - bottom text that often delivers the *punch line* of the theme. .img-right[ ![](images/hell.jpg) ] --- layout: true # Internet Meme and Multimodal C*G --- - Our preliminary computational modeling results (Lin and Hsieh, 2020) shows that - IMs are multimodal constructions in nature. - Different modalities (`verbal-visual incongruity`) demonstrates differences in *saliency* (or *Figure/Ground* contrast). .img-right[ ![](images/meme.png)] -- - Multimodal Construction Grammar
 (Zima and Bergs 2017; Zenner and Geeraerts 2018)  --- layout:true # Internet Video Meme and Multimodal C*G --- Construction Grammar explained in 11 memes .font70[連 CG 都可以用迷因解釋的時代]
--- layout:true # 當代社會文化與構式理論 --- > Construction grammar (often abbreviated CxG) is a sociobiological family of theories within the field of cognitive and evolutionary linguistics. These posit that human language consists of constructions, or learned pairings of linguistic forms with meanings. Constructions correspond to replicators or memes in memetics and other cultural replicator theories. It is argued that construction grammar is not an original model of cultural evolution, but for essential part the same as memetics. - Internet Meme and Participatory Culture (`#TikTokization`)
--- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # *Corpus-based measures* --- # Linguistic Data 常見的語料分類 - introspective: from a speaker's second-level consciousness - observational: from recordings of corpora of linguistic production in (noisy) naturalistic settings - experimental: from subject's behaviour in designed controlled experimental situations facing carefully developed experimental stimuli. --- # Observational approaches to C*G - Frequencies of (co-occurrence) - Conditional Probabilities (Undirectional) - Association Strengths (Bidirectional) --- # Measuring (Form-Meaning) Contingency in Corpus Linguistcs - a variety of measures of `contingency` (called **associative measures**). - relies on the `contingency table` based on collocational approaches from corpus linguistics. --- layout: true # 搭配 collogation、搭構 collostruction 與構式 construction --- 兩個德國 Stefan (Evert and Gries) - Collocations as a linguistic epiphenomenon: [collocation statistics 綜整](collocations.de) - [collostructional analysis 介紹](http://www.stgries.info/teaching/groningen/index.html): a blend of - Collocation: preferential lexical company kept by a word - Construction (in a Construction Grammar sense): form-meaning pairing that constitutes a basic unit in language  --- # Collocates vs Collexemes ![Stefanowitsch & Gries (2003)](images/collexeme.png){width=20%} --- # Issues ![Stefanowitsch & Gries (2003)](images/collexeme2.png){width=20%} --- layout: true # Collostructional analysis (Gries, 2020) --- -- .left-column[ ![](images/collo.png) ] -- .right-column[ 在構式語法 (construction grammar) 架構下，Stefanowitsch and Gries (2003) 發展一套分析法稱 **搭構分析** (collostructional analysis) - Collexeme analysis measures the mutual attraction of lexemes and constructions. - Distinctive collexeme analysis  contrasts alternating constructions in their respective collocational preferences (Gries and Stefanowitsch 2004b). - To measure the association between the two slots of the same construction, a third method known as covarying-collexeme analysis is used (Gries and Stefanowitsch 2004a; Stefanowitsch and Gries 2005). ] --- layout: true # 操作定義 --- - collexeme analysis computes for *n* words how strongly these words are attracted to a slot in a construction. - (multiple) distinctive collexeme analysis computes for *n* words how strongly these words are attracted to two or more functionally similar constructions. - co-varying collexeme analysis (item-based and system-based) computes for *n* words in one slot of a construction how strongly these words are attracted to the *y* words in another slot of the same construction. 所有這些方法都提供 rankings of how much words and particular slots of constructions attract each other (viz. the bidirectional nature of these association measures.) --- layout: true # Collostruction analysis in practice --- - Involved corpus-based statistical calculation to measure the **association strength** (`attraction/repulsion`) between the construction and its 'collexemes'. .img-center[ ![](images/collo2.png) ] --- layout: true # 語料庫程式實作工作坊 2020 --- [公開連結](https://github.com/lopentu/Hands-on_Corpus_Linguistics/tree/main/hocor2020) .img-center[ ![](images/collo3.png) ] .font50[(slide credit: 廖永賦)] --- layout: true # PTT 構式分析舉例 --- - 「實在是」、「不能不說是」、「最好是」、...... 「可以再 XX (一點)」「還在那邊 XX」 、「XX 不意外」、「是在 XX」 - 假設我們想研究`「可以再 XX (一點)」`的(負面)語意韻/情感含義，大家會怎麼做？ - [R 實作參考](http://www.stgries.info/teaching/groningen/coll.analysis.r); [Python 實作參考](https://github.com/lopentu/Hands-on_Corpus_Linguistics/tree/main/hocor2020) --- layout: true # 待解決的問題 --- - **type-token distributions** - **directionality** --- layout: true # Multifactorial and Multivariate Approaches 1/ --- > Given (1) the obviously *multifaceted* nature of language and its relation to, or interaction with cognitive processing and (2) the complexity and noisiness of data obtained from corpora, it is often necessary to resort to statistical methods that can do better justice to the observed data. --- layout: true # Multifactorial and Multivariate Approaches 2/ --- 怎麼量度 **idiomaticity** on the basis of - experimental data (e.g., judgment data from subjects using the magnitude estimation method) - corpus data (by operationalizing different dimensions of idiomaticity, such as `collocational overlap` and idiomatic `variation parameters` (describing morphological and syntactic parameters of the idioms's use) 再利用 PCA 等方式 --- layout: true # Multifactorial and Multivariate Approaches 3/ --- How to identify **prototypical instances of constructions**? - Use a linear discriminant analysis to determine which characteristics were good predictors of the constructional choices in the corpus data (Gries, 2003). Each corpus instance was assigned a discriminant score that reveals how good, or prototipical, an example of ... is. --- layout: true # Interim summary ---
 - 構式語法與當代認知科學發現的關聯應該是正相關 - 語料庫語言學做出了共現現象的計量觀察與顯著檢定嘗試（至少在經驗基礎上提供了 Exploratory Data Analysis 的計算環境） 但，如果構式不僅是作為一種 add-on 的語言(處理)資源，而是提供理論的基礎時，計算構式 (CoCoGram) 應該如何發生？ --- layout: true # 計算構式 (CoCoGram) --- - simulation - connectionist model to test constructional priming (Chang et al. 2000) - Traceback approach (Dabrowska et al 2005; ) - machine learning - BERT construction --- layout: true # 計算構式 (CoCoGram) 先導問題 --- - `如何「辨識」構式？` `如何解決同一性`？
  Unsupervised learning of construction (type/tokens) - `如何同時表徵符碼與意義?`
 "The form and content are symbolically linked" (form-meaning pairs) but how can both to be co-represented? - `有無自然邊界？如何調節在言談中的更新流動與變異？`
 are texts possible to be naturally chunked? reconcile varieties? roles in the understanding of the text/discourse? - `隱性構式知識本體如何紬繹與回饋？`
 how a 'provisional unit boundary' can be detected, the 'linear unit of meaning' (linear unit grammar) be acquired and latent hierarchy can be discerned in the linear string of word forms?  --- layout: true # [1] 構式如何辨識 ｜ form identification --- - 詞彙也許是相對穩定的構式，但從單純計量角度是矛盾的。
 corpus-based counting of occurrence and co-occurrence seems straightforward, but require tokenization (thus assumes its boundary decision) - 靜態語料庫難以處理 dispersion 的問題
 aggregating token frequencies can be misleading since tokens may exhibit very uneven distributions in a corpus (and real contexts). > Frequency answers " how often does *x* happen?" whereas dispersion asks "in how many contexts will you encounter *x* at all?" (Ellis and Gries, 2015) --- layout: true # [2] 構式如何表徵 | Representation of Constructions --- `Feature structure`(via Attribute Value Matrices (AVM))
 參考：[Features and Unification](https://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~ychoi/cse507/slides/08-unification.pdf) --- layout: true # [3] 構式有語意理論嗎 | Constructional Semantics --- - 語言理論無法忽略語意 - 語言理論要能解釋 (Pustejovsky, 1996)： - polymorphism - semanticality - creative use - co-composition - How generalizations (or "rules") are learned and constrained, and allowed for the creative use. -- .pull-right[ ![](images/sense.png) .font60[(Goldberg, 2019)] ] --- layout: true # 構式語法如何表徵語意 | meaning representation --- (Usage-based perspective) - Meaning = semantics, pragmatics, discourse-functions, ... - Mental meaning is **construal** (not truth semantics), and most prominent framework is **Frame semantics** (Fillmore). - encyclopedic knowledge involved. - or, part of mental meaning is Frame. - So, constructions as  construals of frames  - interaction of verbal frame (event type and participants) and **Argument Structure** (VAC). --- layout: true # Commerce_scenario --- layout: true # Argument Structure constructions --- --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # *Computational construction grammar (and NLU)* --- # 在計算語言學界難被注意 The task of form-function contingency learning has mostly been overlooked in NLP. - 難處不僅在於 form 的 type/token indentification，而在 meaning 的對應 (contingency of mapping) 是如何知道的。 - 一形多義 (polysemy; multiple related senses) 與一形多用 (polyfunctionality/polycategoriality) 造成的歧義問題
 cues with multiple interpretations are hard to resolve - 都發生在使用/脈絡中。 --- # 計算心理語言模型 Baayen's LDA (2020).. associative learning - **Associative learning over the language stream** allows language users to 'find structure in time' and thus to make predictions (Elman, 1990). --- # 想法 COCOGram aims to operationalize insights and analyses from construction grammar as computational processing models. It does not only allow for automatic validation of the preciseness and consistency of construction grammar models, and to run these models on text corpora, but also to make use of construction grammar insights to enhance the performance of language technology applications. - 機器學習與驗證是關鍵 --- layout: true # 目前學界想法 --- - **Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG)**
 (Remi van Trijp, 2020; [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTKHllV4MCU](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTKHllV4MCU)) - traditional linguistic processing : vertically eat layer-by-layer >> pipelined NLP - constructionist > horizontally eat all - **Construction Grammar Induction** - Computational learning of construction grammar (Dunn, 2017) --- layout: true # 我們的初步嘗試 (1) ---

 --- layout: true # 我們的初步嘗試 (2) ---

 --- layout: true # Proposal --- Diachronic machine learning? - 以歷史語料學習，逼近字典與成語典(四字格)。 --- layout: true # Proposal --- > Like words, (grammatical) constructions invite learners/speakers to form categories 語言資源的優先意義：人 EDA and 機 gold standard - 同時做 `CWN` (wordnet) 與 `CCN` (construtionNet) - `word` 是較穩定的 `construction` - CWN 底層預設核心是 **synset**, CCN 是 **argument structure construction (ASC, Goldberg 1992)**. - 一個 synset 是由至少一個 form (lemma)-meaning (sense) pair 組成 - `Lexicon` vs `ConstructIcon`: the latter "including words, partially filled words (aka morphemes), and representations that are larger than single words, all represented in a complex dynamic network, much as we have long known to be true of the lexicon." - 應用先選擇情緒分析 但值得嗎？ --- layout: true # Steps --- - [top-down] compile an (incomplete) list of ASCs in Mandarin (modelled on English, cf. Goldberg 2019:p35); similar to `constructionalized ontology` (as opposed to `lexicalied ontology`). - [bottom-up] manual selection with corpus check (Entropy or other measures?) ? Need to implement `Semantic Role Labeling` --- layout: false class: inverse, center, middle # *Conclusion and Future/on-going works* --- layout: true # Conclusion --- - .font70[語料庫量度成就了EDA，在漢語與台灣南島語言上可以多做比較]
 - .font70[認知計算構式方才開始，符碼序列無邊界線索的語言文字提供最難與最關鍵的養分 - (Symbolic) form and (Sub-symbolic) meaning representation - CG induction algorithm] --- layout: true # On-going works --- - 構式與變異：理論跟著語料（語言使用）走
 > .font70[他哭奶奶/小孩就活個媽媽/飛上海/跑生意/跑百米/走八卦掌/喊一聲嗓子/闖紅燈 (郭繼懋 1999)] - Sense-aware Construction/Collostructional Analysis
 [Chinese Sense Tagger]() - Multimodal construction grammar --- layout: true # Reference --- - Bergen, Benjamin & Nancy Chang (2005). "Embodied Construction Grammar in Simulation-Based Language Understanding". In J.-O. Östman & M. Fried, ed. Construction Grammar(s): Cognitive and Cross-Language Dimensions. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. . - Croft, William A (2001). Radical Construction Grammar: Syntactic Theory in Typological Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. - Croft, William A. & D. Alan Cruse (2006). Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. - Fazly, A. et al. (2009). Unsupervised Type and Token Identiﬁcation of Idiomatic Expressions.*computational linguistics 35:1*. - Fillmore, Charles, Paul Kay and Catherine O'Connor (1988). "Regularity and idiomaticity in grammatical constructions: the case of let alone". Language, 64. 501-38. - Goldberg, Adele (1995). Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. - Goldberg, Adele (2006). Constructions at Work: the nature of generalization in language. Oxford: Oxford University Press. - Goldberg, A. (2019). *Explain me this: Creativity, Competition, and the Partial Productivity of Constructions*. Princeton University Press. --- layout: true # Reference II --- - Huang, S.F.(2017). *Formosan languages and (radical) construction grammar*. Talk at GIL, NTU. - Hsieh, S.K. et al. (2017). *cognitive neurological base of idiomatic network in chinese*. ICCS. - Lakoff, George (1987). Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: CSLI. - Langacker, Ronald (1987, 1991). Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Vols I-II. Stanford: Stanford University Press. - Michaelis, Laura A. & Josef Ruppenhofer (2001). Beyond Alternations: A Construction-based Account of the Applicative Construction in German. Stanford: CSLI. - 王惠。(2005).從構式語法理論看漢語詞意研究。 --- layout: true # Reference III --- - Herbst, Thomas. (2018). *Is language a collostruction? A proposal for looking at collocations, valency, argument structure and other constructions*. - Hoffmann and Trousdale (eds). 2013. *The Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar*.


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ACE VENTURA, PET DETECTIVE A film review by Scott Renshaw Copyright 1994 Scott Renshaw
Starring: Jim Carrey, Courteney Cox, Sean Young, Udo Kier, Dan Marino. Screenplay: Jack Bernstein, Tom Shadyac & Jim Carrey. Director: Tom Shadyac.
As many individual elements as I might analyze with any given film, my gut reaction almost always comes down to one crucial issue: did the film do what it was trying to do? If it was a thriller, did it keep me in suspense? If it was a romance, did I respond emotionally? And if it was a comedy, did I laugh? Of all the film types, comedy is perhaps the most difficult to analyze; either it works, or it doesn't. Which brings me to this confession: I laughed at ACE VENTURA: PET DETECTIVE. God help me, I laughed quite a bit. Comedian Jim Carrey's unique persona won me over in spite of a great deal of stupidity and some sluggish pacing.
Jim Carrey is Ace Ventura, a private eye who specializes in finding lost pets. As the only one there is at what he does, it is Ace who gets the call for the biggest case of his career: finding the Miami Dolphins' kidnapped mascot, Snowflake. With the help of Dolphins publicist Melissa Robinson (Courteney Cox), Ace begins investigating suspects like wealthy marine life collector Ron Camp (Udo Kier), eventually turning his focus towards someone connected to the Dolphins organization. In his way stands the Miami police, headed by combative Lt. Lois Einhorn (Sean Young), as Ace tries to crack the case before the Super Bowl.
Vanity projects are a dime a dozen these days, but they all apply a very similar logic, namely that if you let the star do what he or she does best, and if that star's audience is large enough, you'll have a success. I'm not sure whether the latter condition is true of Carrey, but it is true that he's allowed to do what he does best. It has been a long time since I've seen a physical comedian who looks as comfortable on screen as Carrey. His elastic features recall early Jerry Lewis, while his spindly frame and geeky self- confidence show traces of Pee-Wee Herman. When the comedy is purely physical, the laughs are really big. The opening sequence features Ace disguised as a parcel deliveryman gleefully shattering the contents of his package to simulate a shipping mishap. My favorite bit involved Ace sneaking out of a bathroom window to snoop around Camp's mansion, taking an elaborate and artificially treacherous route towards a door he could have walked to in seconds. ACE VENTURA boasts some of the most amusing slapstick in recent years this side of the Zucker-Abrahams-Zucker films.
It's considerably more erratic in its success when it comes to verbal gags. No scatological subject goes unexamined in ACE VENTURA; Carrey even utilizes his own posterior as a ventriloquist's dummy. In fact, ACE VENTURA is almost self-congratulatory in its political incorrectness, using homophobia and sexism as punch lines. The film drags between visual set pieces, rescued only by Carrey's goofy delivery. Part of the problem is that screenwriters Carrey, Tom Shadyac and Jack Bernstein frequently seem unclear as to when enough is enough. Ace's trademark mocking cackle, borrowed from Carrey's Fire Marshall Bill character from "In Living Color," is funny once but not three times. A more telling example involves the theme song from THE CRYING GAME, used perfectly once but then used again so that it just seems derivative. Finally, one piece of advice for filmmakers: if you must use Dan Marino for a cameo, please don't give him too many lines. An Isotoner glove commercial is about all I can take.
There would seem to be little point to commenting on the supporting players in ACE VENTURA, since for all practical purposes they serve as scenery with SAG cards. However, I would be remiss in not mentioning Sean Young, who appears to have resigned herself to doing parodies of her reputation as a real-life psycho. She has a fun, over-the-top part much like her role in FATAL INSTINCT, but wisely she avoids trying to steal scenes from Carrey. It just wouldn't work. In ACE VENTURA, Jim Carrey establishes himself as a first-rate screen clown, one I hope to see again.
On the Renshaw scale of 0 to 10 missing pets: 6.
-- Scott Renshaw Stanford University Office of the General Counsel
.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


[§201H-109] Loans; insurance and guarantees. The corporation may procure insurance or guarantees against any default of its loans, in amounts and from insurers or guarantors, as it deems necessary or desirable. [L 2006, c 180, pt of §4]


It takes any function A -> B
and lifts it to a transducer from B
to A
. It is very important to note that the direction changed! This is called contravariance. Note that the implementation of this function is pretty much the only thing we could do to make it compile. It is almost as if the compiler is writing it for us.
Another example:


UN watchdog: Iran now in violation of heavy water limits
by EndPlayBERLIN (AP) - The U.N.'s nuclear watchdog says Iran has breached another limit in its 2015 nuclear deal with world powers by stockpiling more heavy water than the accord allowed.
The International Atomic Energy Agency said Tuesday that Iran informed it on Nov. 16 that it had surpassed the 130 tons (143.3 U.S. tons) allowed by the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, or JCPOA. The agency confirmed Nov. 17 that Iran's stockpile had reached 131.5 tons.
Heavy water helps cool reactors, producing plutonium as a byproduct that can be used in nuclear weapons. Iran insists that its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes.
Tehran has been slowly stepping up violations of the nuclear deal to pressure world powers to provide more incentives to make up for the U.S. withdrawal from the deal last year and renewed American economic sanctions.


Public Member Functions | |
| PlayerStatusPacket (Objects.Client c) | |
| override bool | ParseMessage (NetworkMessage msg, PacketDestination destination) |
| override void | ToNetworkMessage (ref NetworkMessage msg) |
Properties | |
| ushort | Health [get, set] |
| ushort | MaxHealth [get, set] |
| uint | Capacity [get, set] |
| uint | Experience [get, set] |
| ushort | Level [get, set] |
| byte | LevelPercent [get, set] |
| ushort | Mana [get, set] |
| ushort | MaxMana [get, set] |
| byte | MagicLevel [get, set] |
| byte | MagicLevelPercent [get, set] |
| byte | Soul [get, set] |
| ushort | Stamina [get, set] |
| Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.PlayerStatusPacket | ( | Objects.Client | c | ) |
| override bool Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.ParseMessage | ( | NetworkMessage | msg, | |
| PacketDestination | destination | |||
| ) | [virtual] |
Reimplemented from Tibia.Packets.Packet.
| override void Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.ToNetworkMessage | ( | ref NetworkMessage | msg | ) | [virtual] |
Reimplemented from Tibia.Packets.Packet.
uint Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.Capacity [get, set] |
uint Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.Experience [get, set] |
ushort Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.Health [get, set] |
ushort Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.Level [get, set] |
byte Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.LevelPercent [get, set] |
byte Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.MagicLevel [get, set] |
byte Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.MagicLevelPercent [get, set] |
ushort Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.Mana [get, set] |
ushort Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.MaxHealth [get, set] |
ushort Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.MaxMana [get, set] |
byte Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.Soul [get, set] |
ushort Tibia.Packets.Incoming.PlayerStatusPacket.Stamina [get, set] |


Uuummmm, this is a tasty burger!
Well, the way they make shows is, they make one show. That show's called a pilot. Then they show that show to the people who make shows, and on the strength of that one show they decide if they're going to make more shows. Some pilots get picked and become television programs. Some don't, become nothing. She starred in one of the ones that became nothing.
No, motherfucker
You think water moves fast? You should see ice. It moves like it has a mind. Like it knows it killed the world once and got a taste for murder. After the avalanche, it took us a week to climb out. Now, I don't know exactly when we turned on each other, but I know that seven of us survived the slide... and only five made it out. Now we took an oath, that I'm breaking now. We said we'd say it was the snow that killed the other two, but it wasn't. Nature is lethal but it doesn't hold a candle to man.
I'm serious as a heart attack
Now that there is the Tec-9, a crappy spray gun from South Miami. This gun is advertised as the most popular gun in American crime. Do you believe that shit? It actually says that in the little book that comes with it: the most popular gun in American crime.


Config register value, write in HEX format. To generate new confic, change value in comboboxes.
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1:0 (mixer_func) |
Controls the function of the mixer block. | ||
| 2 (alarm_pol) |
This bit changes the polarity of the ALARM signal | ||
| 3 (alarm_out_ena) |
When asserted the ALARM_SDO pin becomes an output. The functionality of this pin is controlled by the CONFIG06 alarm_mask setting. | ||
| 4 (multi_sync_ena) |
Allows the FRAME or OSTR signal to reset the FIFO read pointer when asserted. This selection is determined by multi_sync_sel in register CONFIG19 | ||
| 5 (fifo_reset_ena) |
Allows the FRAME input to reset the FIFO write pointer when asserted | ||
| 6 (fifo_ena) |
When asserted the FIFO is enabled. When the FIFO is bypassed DACCCLKP/N and DATACLKP/N must be aligned to within t_align. |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (twos) |
Input format | ||
| 2 (iotest_ena) |
When asserted enables the data pattern checker operation. | ||
| 4 (fir_ena1) |
To activate 4x interpolation, fir0_ena must be assert too | ||
| 5 (fir_ena0) |
|||
| 6 (qmc_correct_ena) |
When asserted the QMC phase and gain correction circuitry is enabled | ||
| 7 (qmc_offset_ena) |
When asserted the QMC offset correction circuitry is enabled. |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1:0 (o) |
|||
| 4 (sif_sync_ena) |
|||
| 5 (sif_sync) |
Serial interface created sync signal. Set to '1' to cause a sync and then clear to '0' to remove it. |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (alarm_1away_ena) |
When asserted alarms from the FIFO that represent the write and read pointers being 1 away are enabled. | ||
| 1 (alarm_2away_ena) |
When asserted alarms from the FIFO that represent the write and read pointers being 2 away are enabled. | ||
| 4:2 (fifo_offset) |
This is the default FIFO read pointer position after the FIFO read pointer has been synced | ||
| 7 (64cnt_ena) |
Setting this bit removes the need for a SIF write to clear the alarm register. |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3:0 (coarse_dacb) |
IOUTBFS = (DACB_gain + 1) × IBIAS = (DACB_gain + 1) × VEXTIO / RBIAS | ||
| 7:4 (coarse_daca) |
IOUTAFS = (DACA_gain + 1) × IBIAS = (DACA_gain + 1) × VEXTIO / RBIAS |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 | This is the output from the chip temperature sensor. The value of this register in two’s complement format represents the temperature in degrees Celsius. This register must be read with a minimum SCLK period of 1μs. (Read Only) |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (alarm_fifo_1away) |
alarm_mask | This means that the ALARM_SDO pin will not be asserted if the bit is set. | |
| 1 (alarm_fifo_2away) |
alarm_mask | This means that the ALARM_SDO pin will not be asserted if the bit is set. | |
| 3 (alarm_from_iotest) |
alarm_mask | This means that the ALARM_SDO pin will not be asserted if the bit is set. | |
| 4 (alarm_from_iotest) |
alarm_mask | This means that the ALARM_SDO pin will not be asserted if the bit is set. | |
| 5 (alarm_fifo_collision) |
alarm_mask | This means that the ALARM_SDO pin will not be asserted if the bit is set. | |
| 6 (alarm_from_zerochk) |
alarm_mask | This means that the ALARM_SDO pin will not be asserted if the bit is set. |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (alarm_fifo_1away) |
WRITE TO CLEAR | ||
| 1 (alarm_fifo_2away) |
WRITE TO CLEAR | ||
| 3 (alarm_from_iotest) |
WRITE TO CLEAR | ||
| 4 (alarm_from_iotest) |
WRITE TO CLEAR | ||
| 5 (alarm_fifo_collision) |
WRITE TO CLEAR | ||
| 6 (alarm_from_zerochk) |
WRITE TO CLEAR |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (iotest_results) | WRITE TO CLEAR | ||
| 1 (iotest_results) | WRITE TO CLEAR | ||
| 2 (iotest_results) | WRITE TO CLEAR | ||
| 3 (iotest_results) | WRITE TO CLEAR | ||
| 4 (iotest_results) | WRITE TO CLEAR | ||
| 5 (iotest_results) | WRITE TO CLEAR | ||
| 6 (iotest_results) | WRITE TO CLEAR | ||
| 7 (iotest_results) | WRITE TO CLEAR |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 (iotest_pattern0) |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 (iotest_pattern1) |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 (iotest_pattern2) |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 (iotest_pattern3) |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 (iotest_pattern4) |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 (iotest_pattern5) |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 (iotest_pattern6) |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 (iotest_pattern7) |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (tx_off_ena) |
|||
| 1 (clk_alarm_ena) |
|||
| 2 (RESERVED) |
For factory use only | ||
| 3 (tx_off_mask) |
alarm_mask | This means that the ALARM_SDO pin will not be asserted. | |
| 4 (clk_alarm_mask) |
alarm_mask | This means that the ALARM_SDO pin will not be asserted. | |
| 5 (RESERVED) |
For factory use only |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (clkdiv_sync_ena) |
This selection is determined by multi_sync_sel in register CONFIG19. The internal divided-down clocks will be phase aligned after syncing. |
||
| 2 (dacb_complement) |
When asserted the output to the DACB is complemented. This allows to effectively change the + and – designations of the LVDS data lines. | ||
| 3 (daca_complement) |
When asserted the output to the DACA is complemented. This allows to effectively change the + and – designations of the LVDS data lines. |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (multi_sync_sel) |
Selects the signal source for multiple device and clock divider synchronization. | ||
| 6 (aequalsb) |
|||
| 7 (bequalsa) |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 (qmc_offseta) |
Lower 8 bits of the DAC A offset correction | Writing this register causes an autosync to be generated. This loads the values of all four qmc_offset registers (CONFIG20-CONFIG23) into the offset block at the same time. When updating the offset values CONFIG20 should be written last. Programming any of the other three registers will not affect the offset setting. |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 (qmc_offsetb) |
Lower 8 bits of the DAC B offset correction |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:3 (qmc_offseta) |
Upper 5 bits of the DAC A offset correction |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (clkpath_sleep_b) |
When asserted puts the clock path through DAC B to sleep. | ||
| 1 (clkpath_sleep_a) |
When asserted puts the clock path through DAC B to sleep. | ||
| 2 (sif4_ena) |
When asserted the SIF interface becomes a 4 pin interface. The ALARM pin is turned into a dedicated output for the reading of data. | ||
| 7:3 (qmc_offsetb) |
Upper 5 bits of the DAC B offset correction |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (RESERVED) |
Reserved for factory use. | ||
| 1 (RESERVED) |
Reserved for factory use. | ||
| 2 (sleepa) |
|||
| 3 (sleepb) |
|||
| 6 (clkrecv_sleep) |
|||
| 7 (tsense_ena) |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 (extref_ena) |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (RESERVED) | Reserved for factory use. | ||
| 1 (RESERVED) | Reserved for factory use. | ||
| 2 (RESERVED) | Reserved for factory use. | ||
| 3 (RESERVED) | Reserved for factory use. | ||
| 4 (RESERVED) | Reserved for factory use. | ||
| 5 (RESERVED) | Reserved for factory use. | ||
| 6 (RESERVED) | Reserved for factory use. | ||
| 7 (RESERVED) | Reserved for factory use. |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 (qmc_gaina) |
Lower 8 bits of the 11-bit DAC A QMC gain word. | Writing this register causes an autosync to be generated. This loads the values of all four qmc_phase/gain registers (CONFIG27- CONFIG30) into the QMC block at the same time. When updating the QMC phase and/or gain values CONFIG27 should be written last. Programming any of the other three registers will not affect the QMC settings. |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 (qmc_gainb) |
Lower 8 bits of the 11-bit DAC B QMC gain word. |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7:0 (qmc_phase) |
Lower 8 bits of the 11-bit DAC B QMC phase word. |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2:0 (qmc_gainb) |
Upper 3 bits of qmc_gainb. | ||
| 5:3 (qmc_gaina) |
Upper 3 bits of qmc_gaina. | ||
| 7:6 (qmc_phase) |
Upper 2 bits of qmc_phase. |
| REGISTER BIT | RELATED BLOCK | FUNCTION | COMMENT |
|---|


=== Test case: lasp_peer_to_peer_advertisement_counter_SUITE:peer_to_peer_delta_based_test/1 (click for source code)
=== Config value:
[{watchdog,<0.449.0>},
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>{tc_group_properties,[]},
{tc_group_path,[]},
{data_dir,"/Users/anne-francevanswieten/lasp/_build/test/lib/lasp/test/lasp_peer_to_peer_advertisement_counter_SUITE_data/"},
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>=== Current directory is<EMAIL_ADDRESS>=== Started at 2017-04-18 16:06:02
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:02.587 ***
Beginning test case peer_to_peer_delta_based_test
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:02.597 ***
Running peer_to_peer_ad_counter_delta_based_test with nodes [server,client_1,
client_2,
client_3]
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:02.598 ***
Launching Erlang distribution...

*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.809 ***
Custering nodes...
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.809 ***
Joining node: server@MBPdeAnneFrance to client_1@MBPdeAnneFrance at port 54972
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.810 ***
Joining node: server@MBPdeAnneFrance to client_2@MBPdeAnneFrance at port 54974
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.813 ***
Joining node: server@MBPdeAnneFrance to client_3@MBPdeAnneFrance at port 54976
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.814 ***
Joining node: client_1@MBPdeAnneFrance to server@MBPdeAnneFrance at port 54970
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.818 ***
Joining node: client_1@MBPdeAnneFrance to client_2@MBPdeAnneFrance at port 54974
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.822 ***
Joining node: client_1@MBPdeAnneFrance to client_3@MBPdeAnneFrance at port 54976
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.824 ***
Joining node: client_2@MBPdeAnneFrance to server@MBPdeAnneFrance at port 54970
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.826 ***
Joining node: client_2@MBPdeAnneFrance to client_1@MBPdeAnneFrance at port 54972
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.827 ***
Joining node: client_2@MBPdeAnneFrance to client_3@MBPdeAnneFrance at port 54976
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.828 ***
Joining node: client_3@MBPdeAnneFrance to server@MBPdeAnneFrance at port 54970
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.829 ***
Joining node: client_3@MBPdeAnneFrance to client_1@MBPdeAnneFrance at port 54972
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.831 ***
Joining node: client_3@MBPdeAnneFrance to client_2@MBPdeAnneFrance at port 54974
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.832 ***
Lasp fully initialized.
*** User 2017-04-18 16:06:08.832 ***
Waiting for simulation to end
*** User 2017-04-18 16:08:18.847 ***
Simulation ended with success
*** User 2017-04-18 16:08:26.937 ***
Ending test case peer_to_peer_delta_based_test
=== Ended at 2017-04-18 16:08:26
=== successfully completed test case
=== Returned value: ok
Test run history
| Top level test index


MSErrorAttachmentLog
@interface MSErrorAttachmentLog : MSAbstractLog
Error attachment log.
-
Content type (text/plain for text).
Declaration
Objective-C
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *contentType;
Swift
var contentType: String! { get set }
-
File name.
Declaration
Objective-C
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *filename;
Swift
var filename: String! { get set }
-
The attachment data.
Declaration
Objective-C
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSData *data;
Swift
var data: Data! { get set }
-
Initialize an attachment with a given filename and
NSData
object.Declaration
Objective-C
- (instancetype)initWithFilename:(NSString *)filename attachmentBinary:(NSData *)data contentType:(NSString *)contentType;
Swift
init!(filename: String!, attachmentBinary data: Data!, contentType: String!)
Parameters
filename
The filename the attachment should get. If nil will get an automatically generated filename.
data
The attachment data as
NSData
.contentType
The content type of your data as MIME type.
Return Value
An instance of
MSErrorAttachmentLog
. -
Initialize an attachment with a given filename and text.
Declaration
Objective-C
- (instancetype)initWithFilename:(NSString *)filename attachmentText:(NSString *)text;
Swift
init!(filename: String!, attachmentText text: String!)
Parameters
filename
The filename the attachment should get. If nil will get an automatically generated filename.
text
The attachment text.
Return Value
An instance of
MSErrorAttachmentLog
.


/*
Copyright 2019 Google LLC
Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT.
*/
import {assert} from 'workbox-core/_private/assert.mjs';
import {cacheNames} from 'workbox-core/_private/cacheNames.mjs';
import {logger} from 'workbox-core/_private/logger.mjs';
import {NavigationRoute} from './NavigationRoute.mjs';
import {getOrCreateDefaultRouter} from './utils/getOrCreateDefaultRouter.mjs';
import './_version.mjs';
/**
* Registers a route that will return a precached file for a navigation
* request. This is useful for the
* [application shell pattern]{@link /web/fundamentals/architecture/app-shell}.
*
* When determining the URL of the precached HTML document, you will likely need
* to call `workbox.precaching.getCacheKeyForURL(originalUrl)`, to account for
* the fact that Workbox's precaching naming conventions often results in URL
* cache keys that contain extra revisioning info.
*
* This method will generate a
* [NavigationRoute]{@link workbox.routing.NavigationRoute}
* and call
* [Router.registerRoute()]{@link workbox.routing.Router#registerRoute} on a
* singleton Router instance.
*
* @param {string} cachedAssetUrl The cache key to use for the HTML file.
* @param {Object} [options]
* @param {string} [options.cacheName] Cache name to store and retrieve
* requests. Defaults to precache cache name provided by
* [workbox-core.cacheNames]{@link workbox.core.cacheNames}.
* @param {Array<RegExp>} [options.blacklist=[]] If any of these patterns
* match, the route will not handle the request (even if a whitelist entry
* matches).
* @param {Array<RegExp>} [options.whitelist=[/./]] If any of these patterns
* match the URL's pathname and search parameter, the route will handle the
* request (assuming the blacklist doesn't match).
* @return {workbox.routing.NavigationRoute} Returns the generated
* Route.
*
* @alias workbox.routing.registerNavigationRoute
*/
export const registerNavigationRoute = (cachedAssetUrl, options = {}) => {
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
assert.isType(cachedAssetUrl, 'string', {
moduleName: 'workbox-routing',
funcName: 'registerNavigationRoute',
paramName: 'cachedAssetUrl',
});
}
const cacheName = cacheNames.getPrecacheName(options.cacheName);
const handler = async () => {
try {
const response = await caches.match(cachedAssetUrl, {cacheName});
if (response) {
return response;
}
// This shouldn't normally happen, but there are edge cases:
// https://github.com/GoogleChrome/workbox/issues/1441
throw new Error(`The cache ${cacheName} did not have an entry for ` +
`${cachedAssetUrl}.`);
} catch (error) {
// If there's either a cache miss, or the caches.match() call threw
// an exception, then attempt to fulfill the navigation request with
// a response from the network rather than leaving the user with a
// failed navigation.
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
logger.debug(`Unable to respond to navigation request with ` +
`cached response. Falling back to network.`, error);
}
// This might still fail if the browser is offline...
return fetch(cachedAssetUrl);
}
};
const route = new NavigationRoute(handler, {
whitelist: options.whitelist,
blacklist: options.blacklist,
});
const defaultRouter = getOrCreateDefaultRouter();
defaultRouter.registerRoute(route);
return route;
};


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Uber loses licence to operate in London, says it will appeal
by Urowayino JeremiahTransport for London (TfL) on Monday refused to give the ride-hailing company Uber, a new licence to operate in London over safety and security concerns.
The licensing body said in a statement that “TfL has identified a pattern of failures by the company including several breaches that placed passengers and their safety at risks.’’
READ ALSO:The amazing strides of a prodigy in Ado-Ekiti (3)(Opens in a new browser tab)
TfL’s director of licensing, regulation and charging, Helen Chapman, said in a statement that Uber’s current licence expires just before midnight on Monday but the company will be allowed to continue operating pending an appeal.
“Safety is our absolute top priority. While we recognise Uber has made improvements, it is unacceptable that Uber has allowed passengers to get into minicabs with drivers who are potentially unlicensed and uninsured.
“It is clearly concerning that these issues arose, but it is also concerning that we cannot be confident that similar issues won’t happen again in future.’’
She added that one of TfL’s key concerns was that unauthorised drivers were able to upload their photos to the accounts of other drivers, meaning that customers travelled with unlicensed drivers on at least 14,000 occasions.
Fired or suspended drivers were also able to create accounts, she added.
The Press Association reported that Uber said the decision was extraordinary and wrong and said it would continue to operate as normal while it launches an appeal.
Uber says on its website that it operates in 63 countries and over 700 cities worldwide and has 91 million active users each month.
Earlier this month it reported a net loss of nearly 1.2 billion dollars for the most recent quarter.


October 2018 Hacker News Hiring Trends
React is still on top after a whopping seventeen months, but it did have its closest finish in almost a year, beating second place Python by just over a percentage point. JavaScript made a strong jump to third place with AWS and Node.js rounding out the Top 5 for October.
Compare Top 10 Programming Lanuages
Compare Rails, node.js, PHP and Django
Compare React, Angular, Vue, and Ember
Compare Postgresql, MySQL and SQL Server
Compare Mongodb, Elasticsearch, Cassandra and DynamoDB
Compare Storm, Hadoop and Spark
Compare Kafka, RabbitMQ, SQS and Kinesis
Compare Terraform, Chef, Puppet and Ansible
Compare Docker, Kubernetes, Mesos and Terraform
| Tech | Rank | Last Month | Change | Last Year | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| React | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Python | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| JavaScript | 3 | 6 | +3 | 3 | 0 |
| AWS | 4 | 3 | -1 | 4 | 0 |
| node.js | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Postgresql | 6 | 9 | +3 | 9 | +3 |
| Full Stack | 7 | 4 | -3 | 7 | 0 |
| golang | 8 | 7 | -1 | 14 | +6 |
| Machine Learning | 9 | 8 | -1 | 8 | -1 |
| DevOps | 10 | 10 | 0 | 11 | +1 |
| Java | 11 | 11 | 0 | 6 | -5 |
| Ruby | 12 | 12 | 0 | 10 | -2 |
| Android | 13 | 14 | +1 | 16 | +3 |
| Docker | 14 | 13 | -1 | 13 | -1 |
| Rails | 15 | 15 | 0 | 12 | -3 |
| iOS | 16 | 17 | +1 | 15 | -1 |
| Kubernetes | 17 | 18 | +1 | 30 | +13 |
| C++ | 18 | 16 | -2 | 20 | +2 |
| Open Source | 19 | 27 | +8 | 23 | +4 |
| Front End | 20 | 21 | +1 | 19 | -1 |
| Tech | Mentions | Rank | Last Year Mentions | Last Year Rank | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electron | 7 | 97 | 1 | 178 | +81 |
| ECS | 6 | 113 | 1 | 183 | +70 |
| statistics | 6 | 105 | 3 | 150 | +45 |
| Assembly | 5 | 118 | 2 | 162 | +44 |
| Terraform | 26 | 46 | 11 | 86 | +40 |
| Tableau | 5 | 117 | 2 | 157 | +40 |
| GCP | 19 | 61 | 8 | 100 | +39 |
| Puppet | 6 | 111 | 3 | 147 | +36 |
| Scrum | 8 | 89 | 5 | 125 | +36 |
| Vue | 36 | 35 | 16 | 68 | +33 |
| Tech | Mentions | Rank | Last Year Mentions | Last Year Rank | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lua | 0 | 237 | 5 | 123 | -114 |
| XML | 0 | 222 | 5 | 122 | -100 |
| SQL Server | 2 | 151 | 10 | 88 | -63 |
| LAMP | 1 | 176 | 5 | 116 | -60 |
| Angular 2 | 2 | 154 | 9 | 98 | -56 |
| D3.js | 5 | 116 | 13 | 76 | -40 |
| Storm | 2 | 153 | 5 | 113 | -40 |
| Web Services | 7 | 93 | 20 | 55 | -38 |
| ETL | 6 | 107 | 14 | 70 | -37 |
| EC2 | 3 | 139 | 7 | 104 | -35 |


Next.js has a file-system based router built on the concept of pages.
When a file is added to the pages
directory it’s
automatically available as a route.
The files inside the pages
directory can be used to define
most common patterns.
The router will automatically route files named index
to the
root of the directory.
pages/index.js
→ /
pages/blog/index.js
→ /blog
The router supports nested files. If you create a nested folder structure files will be automatically routed in the same way still.
pages/blog/first-post.js
→ /blog/first-post
pages/dashboard/settings/username.js
→
/dashboard/settings/username
To match a dynamic segment you can use the bracket syntax. This allows you to match named parameters.
pages/blog/[slug].js
→
/blog/:slug
(/blog/hello-world
)
pages/[username]/settings.js
→
/:username/settings
(/foo/settings
)
pages/post/[...all].js
→
/post/*
(/post/2020/id/title
)
Check out the Dynamic Routes documentation to learn more about how they work.
The Next.js router allows you to do client-side route transitions between pages, similar to a single-page application.
A React component called Link
is provided to do this
client-side route transition.
import Link from 'next/link'
function Home() {
return (

<Link href="/">
Home
</Link>

<Link href="/about">
About Us
</Link>

<Link href="/blog/hello-world">
Blog Post
</Link>

)
}
export default Home
In the example above we have multiple links, each one maps a path
(href
) to a known page:
/
→ pages/index.js
/about
→ pages/about.js
/blog/hello-world
→ pages/blog/[slug].js
Any <Link />
in the viewport (initially or through
scroll) will be prefetched by default (including the corresponding data)
for pages using
Static Generation. The corresponding data for
server-rendered
routes is not prefetched.
You can also use interpolation to create the path, which comes in handy for dynamic route segments. For example, to show a list of posts which have been passed to the component as a prop:
import Link from 'next/link'
function Posts({ posts }) {
return (

{posts.map((post) => (

<Link href={`/blog/${encodeURIComponent(post.slug)}`}>
{post.title}
</Link>

))}

)
}
export default Posts
encodeURIComponent
is used in the example to keep the path utf-8 compatible.
Alternatively, using a URL Object:
import Link from 'next/link'
function Posts({ posts }) {
return (

{posts.map((post) => (

<Link
href={{
pathname: '/blog/[slug]',
query: { slug: post.slug },
}}
>
{post.title}
</Link>

))}

)
}
export default Posts
Now, instead of using interpolation to create the path, we use a URL
object in href
where:
pathname
is the name of the page in the
pages
directory. /blog/[slug]
in this case.
query
is an object with the dynamic segment.
slug
in this case.
To access the
router
object
in a React component you can use
useRouter
or
withRouter
.
In general we recommend using
useRouter
.
The router is divided in multiple parts:


Safeway ensures that all our works are planned and our tasks are completed on time.
We plan, serve and we ensure that our clients are satisfied in the right manner.
Safeway is based in Abu Dhabi, Our Company is well-equipped with all necessary modern machineries and good team of engineers, supervisors and skilled labors.
Safeway looks all works in an appropriately manner, safety instructions to operate efficiently and reliably. Safeway provides preventive maintenance and we inspects health & safety periodically.


“Writing a literature review was so fun and easy!” - No one ever
I recently completed my first comprehensive literature review as part of a graduate school milestone project. Before starting, I sought guidance from online blogs and university workshops held by our library. The tips I learned from these resources were extremely helpful, but not everything worked for me. This is simply a list of things that worked/did not work for me during the reading and writing process of my literature review. Feel free to comment below on what worked & and what didn’t work for you!
If you are anything like me, you are reading this because you are apprehensive about starting the daunting task of a literature review, and understably so. I wanted to be as efficient as possible, so I scoured websites, attended workshops, and signed up for writing groups. After you are done reading this, take the first step and START! Although it’s great to seek advice and guidance for something like this, everyone has their own unique experience when writing. Starting is the best way to learn what works and does not work for you.
I learned about 2 months into the process that physically writing notes into legal pads about the papers I was reading was inefficient and simply not working for me. You always hear the concept that “Writing notes on paper helps you remember it later on.” For me, not true. I type much faster than I write, so writing notes was painfully slow for me and I would often write illegibly. So I began taking notes in a single Word document, often limiting myself to one page of notes per paper. Importantly, the first line of every page had the authors, year, and title of the paper. Therefore, if I needed to find my notes on a particular paper, I could simply type COMMAND + F (I’m a mac user), and search the paper using the title. This is much faster than rifling through dozens of legal pad pages and paper notes. Also, searching for terms used in papers, such as keywords, was much easier in electronic format.
When doing a literature review, COMMAND + F is your friend!
Develop a system and be ready to change it if you notice something not working for you. Briefly, here’s the system I used:
I would find a paper that I wanted to read and enter its information into an Excel document. The spreadsheet looked something like this
| Author | Year | Title | Type | Category | SubCategory | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tolchok & Krovvy | 1962 | Milkbars and Ultra-Violence | review | Category A | Category A-1 | This article is about… |
| Hoagey, Ray & Miranda | 2017 | The Woes of Graduate Life | experimental | Category A | Category A-2 | This article is about… |
| Mulligan & Belmont | 2016 | Ahead of their Time | meta-analysis | Category B | Category B-1 | This article is about… |
I then would import the paper into EndNote and ensure the citation was correct. I then would read the paper and take notes in a Word document, with roughly 1 Word doc page per paper.
Tip: pressing COMMAND + SHIFT + 4 on a Mac will allow you make a selection on your screen for a screen shot. Adding screenshots of helpful figures or tables to your Word document emphasizes the important results and helps jog your memory.
I learned that a note taking system is a critical component of a lit review. Being able to find your notes quickly, as well as other papers that are similar, is made very easy with electronic notes and an efficient system.
I took notes using this format in my Word document:
Using this format made it very easy to COMMAND + F the paper I was looking for and other similar papers by searching keywords
“Wait, why use the Excel document if you are taking notes in a Word document?” The Excel sheet is a great way to organize your materials globally by keywords, category, authors, and year of publication. Sorting your articles based on category and year helps group papers that are similar in topic and provides a historical perspective on a body of work. This may elucidate recurrent themes in your literature, such as debates across time, or provide unique insights into your review. I also used the Excel sheet as a way to mark down papers that I wanted to read, but wasn’t ready to find them yet. I simply entered TO READ in the cells to remind me.
As mentioned in the “Have a System” section, I used EndNote to manage my citations. Citation managers are software programs that organize your papers/citations for easy citing while writing. Some other common reference managers are Mendeley and RefWorks.
I strongly advise against doing citations “by hand.” That is, manually typing or copying from online citation generators into your reference page. Citation managers streamline this process by building your in-text citations and reference pages for you. An added bonus is that you can switch citation styles (e.g., APA to MLA) very easily. I don’t even want to think about the pain of doing that by hand!
Citation managers will also ensure that your in-line and reference page citations are correctly furnished and ready for submission. Of course, I recommend checking your work and editing style guides as necessary to be in accordance with journal requirements. Not having to worry about citations is a HUGE advantage when writing a literature review. I encourage those that are apprehensive about making the switch to using citation managers to do it now. Putting the time in now to learn one of these programs will save you time and stress later!
Writing a literature review is similar to preparing for a marathon. Training for the big race requires a slow and steady approach of practice everyday that gradually builds until race day. When reading and writing for a lit review, it is best to take a similar approach and try reading and/or writing every day for a certain amount of time (adjusted to your deadline, of course).
Try to write every day and develop a rhythm.
Initially, I began with a 1 hour per day approach. It was quite tough at the beginning and I would begin to fatigue fairly quickly, often not even finishing a whole paper or article. I’m also a slow reader and get distracted easily. However, as time went on, I began building my lit review endurance and I noticed my ability to read multiple papers and write more sentences increased. By the end, I was well exceeding the 1 hour per day benchmark I had set for myself. I think this was because I learned a lot about the literature, which in turn made paper reading faster, which in turn led me to organize and write more effectively, which in turn led to excitement that the end was near! Also, my deadline was approaching :)
No matter if you follow my advice about reading/writing everyday, not limiting distractions will prolong the process. In my experience, 2 hours of work with distractions was roughly equivalent to 1 hour of work with no distractions.
I noticed a huge increase in the amount of work I was able to get done in 1 hour when I turned off notifications from my electronic devices and worked in an enviornment when no one could bother me. Turning my phone on silent helped, but turning off badge & banner e-mail notifications on my Mac REALLY helped. Try it out!
I really wish someone would have told this to me when first starting. At the beginning, I began with review articles to introduce myself into the field and to see what has been already reviewed (this is something I highly recommend). I certainly didn’t want to reinvent the wheel, but contribute new things that I thought were important to the field.
However, some of the reviews and book chapters I read were very well written and covered a wide range of topics that were important, but on the periphery of what I wanted to study. So I thought, “Well, if I’m going to do a literature review, it’s gotta be big and comprehensive. I should include this background information to make sure I have all my bases covered.” This was defintely not the way to go.
I began reading too off topic and straying from my main ideas. This ended up making a few of my early sections seem unorganized and less connected. It wasn’t until I really focused in on my topic that I began gaining confidence and feeling less overwhelmed. Therefore, focusing in on my topic helped me, while worrying too much about the background work of others detracted from the paper’s coherence. Start focused, then zoom out if needed.
I know this sounds crazy, but look on the bright side! You are committing all this time and energy into learning how our understanding of a specific topic has evolved over time. You are going to come out confident and well-versed in an area of research—an expert of sorts. Realize that it takes time to get there and be patient with the process.
Hopefully this was helpful and don’t be shy to try me on things that worked/did not work for you!


List of labels
; optional
Dependencies for this target. Generally should only list rule targets. (Though
some rules permit files to be listed directly in deps
, this
should be avoided when possible.)
Language-specific rules generally limit the listed targets to those with specific providers.
The precise semantics of what it means for a target to depend on another using
deps
are specific to the kind of rule, and the rule-specific
documentation goes into more detail. For rules which process source code,
deps
generally specifies code dependencies used by the code in
srcs
.
Most often, a deps
dependency is used to allow one module to use
symbols defined in another module written in the same programming language and
separately compiled. Cross-language dependencies are also permitted in many
cases: For example, a java_library
target may depend on C++ code
in a cc_library
target, by listing the latter in the
deps
attribute. See the definition of
dependencies
for more information.


NRI Indians can register online and vote with their passport for the upcoming Lok election
March 26, 2019
Are you a Non-Resident Indian living overseas and have not acquired any other citizenship? You can now register online to vote in the upcoming election. However, you need to go to India to cast your vote. Previously you had to be in India to even apply for the Voter ID /Election card. So lets take that as a win for now. Election commission of India is currently conducting trials for e-ballots and proxy voting. Once those trials are successfully completed, there is all the likelihood that an NRI can vote from abroad. But for the upcoming 2019 election, if you are visiting India or are able to make a quick trip, please do consider registering to cast your vote.
Getting down to how you can do it- I was surprised to learn how simple the process was. Kudos to the people who made it possible. All you need to do is to fill up an online form, and it is not one of those long and painstaking procedures. It took me around 5 - 7 minutes to complete it. At the end you will need to upload a passport size photo and a copy of your passport and so keep them handy. I guess if you are overseas you probably already have them on your computer or phone, ready to go.
So here is what you need to do
Go to: Election commission of India Website, FORM 6A and fill it up. Well technically that’s about it.
 Check out mine below.
Surprisingly, the process is extremely quick as well. Well done India! As you can see below, I submitted my application on the 22nd of March and within 4 days the entire process was completed. Btw, it includes a field verification step- which means some one from the department will go to your house and verify that you are real person. As a part of your application you will need to include/nominate one person from your household to basically tell the person going to your house that you are real and that the address you provided is your real Indian address.
As an overseas (NRI) elector you are not issued an EPIC but you will be allowed to cast your vote in your constituency, in person at the polling station upon production of your original passport. Therefore, do not forget to take your passport to the booth. According to estimates of MEA, there are about 31 million NRIs living in different countries across the world. Which makes us a significantly large chunk of the voting population.  If you found this helpful or have any question drop a line in the comment section. Have a nice day ☺


Adding a Nokia 3310 LCD screen
OLD ARCHIVE - some info might be out of date
The Nokia 3310 LCD screen is a plug-n-play display shield. Thanks to Nuelectronics. It's a really neat way of displaying lots of information without a computer. This page goes through connecting it to Mains AC. Non-invasive 3.0, but hopefully gives enough information to interface it with any of the other basic setups or any other project.
The LCD can be ordered form nuelectronics for £9.99 here.
Step one: Making a breakout adapter
To use the display at the same time as the sensor electronics, an adapter is needed to make 5V, GND, Analog input 1 and 2 accessible. Here are couple of pictures of the way I did it. You will need two 6x3 pieces of stripboard and two 6-way sockets
Once you have that done, plug the shield into the Arduino and connect the GND, 5V and analog inputs wires 1 and 2 from the sensor electronics to the breakout pins. That completes the hardware part, on to the software.
Step Two: Software - installing the library
To run the LCD, the nuelectronics LCD library is needed. Download it here, then unzip it and insert it into your Arduino/libraries folder.
Step Three: Software - Arduino Sketch
Download the LCD Mains AC: non-invasive 3.0 sketch here: MainsACemonAndLCD.tar.gz. Unzip and upload to your Arduino.
Thats it! When you turn it on, the screen should light up nice and blue and be displaying useful information!
More information on the added bits of code
There are three blocks of code that need to be added:
The first block goes right at the top of the program, it includes the LCD library, sets up the LCD and declares the variable used to convert integers to characters.


{% extends "instructions/Page.html" %} {% load otree i18n %} {% block title %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
{% blocktrans %}In each period, your Reward increases with your Spending as explained before. However, if in the last period of your life (period 10) your End Balance is negative, your Eurocent Reward in this period will be negative, even if your Spending is 0 (see graph below).{% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans %}For example, if your End Balance in Period 10 is -60 points, your Reward for that period will be -904 Eurocents.{% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans %}To determine your Reward for the Investment Game, for each of your lives, we first sum the Eurocent Rewards over the 10 periods. Then, at the end of the Investment Game, we let the computer randomly choose one of your lives. The Eurocent Rewards that you have gathered in the selected life will be your additional compensation.{% endblocktrans %}
{% next_button %}