UTMAC 7
NAME
utmac: A troff macro set
DESCRIPTION
The U troff macros — utmac — is a set of troff macros aiming to produce beautiful documents easily. Bibliography, indexes, table of content and summaries can be automatically inserted. Utmac informs about orphans, widows and empty lines at the bottom of page. Utmac can produce pdf files, ReStructuredText files, plain text file, and clean xml files — and so, with some xsl stylesheet, flat open document texts (fodt) and html files.
Utmac is made to be used with neatroff to produce postscript and pdf files. To produce plain text files, manual pages, and xml files, groff -k -Tutf8 -M@MACDIR@ can be used instead.
FILES
User macro files
The following macro files can be used by the user (called with the -m option of troff):
- uh: Made with humanities in mind. It use marginal notes instead of footnotes.
- ul: A macro to write letters and short texts.
- um: Translate a utmac document to manpage with nroff.
- ut: Translate an utmac document to a flat text file (such as README files) with nroff.
- us: Made for technical documentation. It uses a common layout, reminiscent of the old troff ms.
- uw: Translate an utmac document to the markdown wiki format.
- ux: Translate an utmac document to xml. This macro must be used with the postxml(1) post-processor.
Additionnaly, some configuration can be achieved by loading the following macros:
- u-en: English localization (default).
- u-fr: French localization.
- u-apolline: Use the Porchez Typofonderie Apolline font.
- u-libertine: Use the linux libertine font.
- u-biolinum: Use the linux biolinum font.
- u-biollib: Use a mix of Linux Libertine and Biolinum.
MACROS
An utmac document should be structured in four parts: metadatas, definition of some register, content, and appendix. The content can contain header macros, summary macros, paragraph macros, typographic macros, note macros, include macros, links macros, keywords macros.
Most macros have two letters; the first one define the gender of the macro: metaDatas, Register, Heading, Summary, Paragraph, Typographic, Notes, Links, Keywords, AppendiX. Include macros are an exception: they are named EPS and PDF.
Metadata macros
These macro are used to populate the metadatas of the final file (pdf, xml, or html). They must be inserted in the first page of the document — their natural place being the first lines of the file.
- DA author name: Define author metadata.
- DI Identifier: Define identifier (RCS Id...).
- DK list of keywords: Define keywords metadata.
- DS subject of the text: Define subject metadata.
- DT title of the text: Define title metadata.
Register macros to define format and layout
Some number register are used by utmac to make or not some actions. Set to 1, the action is done, set to 0, the action is not done. The following macro can be used to define the state of this number register. The name of the macro is also the name of the number register. For example, .RV 1 acts like .nr RV 1. This is usefull to format a document from the command line:
troff −rRV=1 −muh file
- RV num: If num=1, use a recto-verso layout. Default is 0.
- RI num: If num=1, replace references by Idem when needed. Default is 1.
- RH num: If num=1, print help message. Help message inform about orphans, widows, blank at the bottom of pages, note diverted to next page, and multiple definition of anchor keyword. Default is 1.
- RL [fr|en]: Set language of file. Use this macro to localize some string and to respect local typographic standard if you want to override the default which should be defined by the macro in the UTMAC environment variable.
- RO num: If num=1, replace some part of a reference (issuer, city and date) by op. cit. if the same reference has appeared in the text. Default is 1.
- RP num: If num=1, print page number. Default is 1.
- RN num: If num=1, print reference in a note, if num=0, the reference is printed directly in the text, by using the PQ macro. Default is 1.
Heading macros
These macro are used to print headings and to record them for a summary or a table of contents.
- H1 Title of the book: Book heading.
- H2 Title of the chapter: Chapter heading.
- H3 Title of the paragraph: Paragraph heading.
- H4 Subheading: Subheading.
- H0 Temporary title: Temporary heading, printed in the header or in the footer of the current page. This heading is not recorded in the table of content.
- H* Margin title: Heading printed in header or footer of the following pages, and in the current ones if H0 is not set for this page. This heading is not recorded in the table of content.
Summaries macros
To print a summary, two or three pass of troff are needed: the first one to record the summary, the second one to print it, and a third one might be necessary to adjust the page number if the summary is longer than one page.
- S2: Print a summary of chapter headings. The summary is printed on a new page.
- S3: Print a summary of paragraph headings. The summary is printed on the actual page.
- S4: Print a summary of subheading. The summary is printed on the actual page.
- S*: Print the whole table of content as a summary.
Paragraph macros
- PB: Left indent (extended) pargraph. Usefull to begin some sort of lists.
- PC: Centered paragraph.
- PP: Justified paragraph.
- PQ: Quote paragraph.
- PI [bullet]: List paragraph. Default bullet is usually an emdash (\(em).
- PL: Left align paragraph.
- PR: Right align paragraph.
- PX: Example paragraph. Text is not filled.
Note macros
- NS no: Start a numbered note. The default is to print a number before the note, but if an argument is given, no number will be printed. To insert a number reference to the note in the text, use the * string, say insert: \** where you want the number to appear.
- NT: Print a note on top of the others, or in the flow of the text, depending of the macro used.
- NB: Print a note in the bottom of the page, or in the flow of the text, depending of the macro used.
- NE: End NS, NT or NB.
Include macros
These macros are used to include an encapsulated postscript document or a pdf one. These documents are often images, which can be produced with the convert command from ImageMagick for eps files and ps2pdf for pdf files:
convert image.jpg image.eps ps2pdf −dEPSCrop image.eps image.pdf
- EPS file.eps [l|c|r|indent] [width] [height]: Include an eps file.
- PDF file.pdf [l|c|r|indent] [width] [height]: Include a pdf file.
Link macros
Link macros are used to insert links in a document. If a link macro is preceded by the LT macro it will use the arguments of LT as a replacement text for the link. Otherwise, the link is printed.
This will print the url followed by a dot: .LU http://utroff.org . While this will print «link» followed by a dot: .LT link ». « .LU http://utroff.org
- LK keyword: Insert an anchor named keyword for internal links. Does not print anything.
- LL keyword stringafter stringbefore: Insert a link to the anchor keyword. The text to link is defined by the LT macro — if it is not defined, the url is printed, surrounded by stringbefore and stringafter.
- LM email stringafter stringbefore: Insert a link to an email address. The text to link is defined by the LT macro — if it is not defined, the url is printed, surrounded by stringbefore and stringafter.
- LT text stringafter stringbefore: Define text as the replacement text for the following link. It is printed surrounded by stringbefore and stringafter.
- LU url stringafter stringbefore: Insert a link to an url. The text to link is defined by the LT macro — if it is not defined, the url is printed, surrounded by stringbefore and stringafter.
Keyword macros
Keyword macros add semantic information to the source and the final document and index them. They do not print anything. The following keyword macros are defined:
- KA acronym: Index an acronym.
- KN name: Index a name.
- KO object: Index an object.
- KT title: Index the title of a book (references are automatically indexed using it).
- KW word: Index a word.
Appendix macros
- XB [bibliography]: Print a bibliography. If bibliography is omitted, Utmac will use the $REFER environment variable. The bibliography begins with the H3 macro. Utmac try to sort the bibliography using urefer -i option, but this doesn’t give correct result on some bibliography list. For a perfect result, you should sort your bibliography with sortbib. See u-ref(7).
- XI: Print the existing indexes. To index something, use an keyword macro. Each index begin with the H3 macro.
- XT: Print a table of content. The table begin with the H3 macro.
FONTS
In utmac, fonts are defined by a single uppercase letter string. As in the xml style, these strings must enclose the text and can be embedded:
Roman \*Iitalic, \*Bbolditalic\*B\*I, roman.
So, in an utmac document, you must avoid the raw troff \f and .fp commands.
Font strings are defined as follow:
- B: Bold font.
- I: Italic font.
- C: Small Capital font.
- A: Acronym font (capital to small capital).
- U: Superscript font (upper).
- L: Dowscript font (lower).
- F: Final font (glyphs that might only appear at the end of a line).
- M: Monospace font.
EXAMPLE
The following example is a fully commented simple utmac document. As a summary is inserted, two pass of troff are needed. If the summary is longer than one page, a third pass of troff would be needed to handle correctly the page references, but this is not the case in this short example. So, this document can be build using these commands:
troff −muh alice.tr > /dev/null troff −muh alice.tr | dpost | ps2pdf − alice.pdf
.\" Start example .\" Use recto verso .RV .\" Define metadatas .DA Lewis Carroll .DT Alice’s adventures in wonderland and Through the looking glass .DK alice nabuchodonosor jabberwocky .\" Build first page .H0 Lewis Carroll .H1 Alice’s adventures .\" Insert a summary of chapter headings .S2 .\" First chapter heading .H2 Alice’s adventures in wonderland .\" A short exergue .NT All in the golden afternoon Full leisurly we glide .NE .\" First paragraph .H3 Down the rabbitt hole .\" Some text with font definitions, and a note appeal .PP \*CAlice\*C was beginning to be very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, "\*Iand what is the use of a book\*I" thought \*CAlice\*C, "\*Iwithout pictures or conversations?\*I\**" .\" A note .NS Yes, what is the use of such a book? .NE .\" Some other chapters and paragraphs... .H3 The pool of tears .H2 Through the looking glass .\" Table of content .XT .\" Stop example
SEE ALSO
utmac-hack(7), u-ref(7), postxml(1), idx(1), refer(1).
LICENSE
Utmac macros and this manual page are distributed under the isc license.
AUTHOR
Pierre-Jean Fichet.


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This is some text on the left side text of the first circle. The idea is to create a series of circles, each with different CSS effects. Hopefully there will be many more circles to come so that this circle will not be here all by itself, alone
This is some text on the right side text of the first circle. So far there is just one circle. I've been spending all my time on this one to make sure that it works flawlessly. And it indeed is flawless!
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Rest API
This page describes service's REST API.
Registering new service
Creates new record.
Request
POST [/pathPrefix]/{group}
- pathPrefix - common path prefix, which was set (default value - /) at the start of Luntic program;
- group - name of the registering application group.
Response
As a result of the request we get a response:
-
Code
: 201 -
Headers
:- Location: [/pathPrefix]/{group}/{instanceId}
- X-Expired-Time: {int_seconds_or_zero_if_disabled}
-
Content type
: application/json -
JSON fields:
Field Optional Description id
no generated record id group
no the group name you set created
no the time you registered modified
no the time you last accessed the record meta
yes if you send JSON in request, we get it back in that field
Error response
-
400 - in case of incorrect group set (absent or contains
/
sign)
Examples
Create simple record:
$> http -v POST :8080/popa
POST /popa HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 0
Host: localhost:8080
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Content-Length: 124
Content-Type: application/json
Location: /popa/597298af0937867200000001
{
"created": "2017-07-22T03:13:35+03:00",
"group": "popa",
"id": "597298af0937867200000001",
"modified": "2017-07-22T03:13:35+03:00"
}
Create record with attached metadata:
$> http -v POST :8080/popa one=1 two=2
POST /popa HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json, */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 24
Content-Type: application/json
Host: localhost:8080
{
"one": "1",
"two": "2"
}
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Content-Length: 154
Content-Type: application/json
Location: /popa/5972a20d5b31ed7400000001
{
"created": "2017-07-22T03:53:33+03:00",
"group": "popa",
"id": "5972a20d5b31ed7400000001",
"meta": {
"one": "1",
"two": "2"
},
"modified": "2017-07-22T03:53:33+03:00"
}
Retrieve a service(s)
Returns all or specific records on the server.
Request
Get all groups and records:
GET [/pathPrefix]/
Get all group's records:
GET [/pathPrefix]/{group}
Get only specific record:
GET [/pathPrefix]/{group}/{instanceId}
- pathPrefix - common path prefix, which was set (default value - /) at the start of Luntic program;
- group - name of the registering application group;
- instanceId - service instance id.
Response
As a result of the request we get a response:
-
Code
: 200 -
Content type
: application/json -
JSON fields:
Field Optional Description id
no generated record id group
no the group name you set created
no the time you registered modified
no the time you last accessed the record meta
yes if you send JSON in request, we get it back in that field
Error response
-
404 - in case of nonexistent
group
orinstanceId
Examples
Get all records in the service:
$> http -v :8080/
/ HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Host: localhost:8080
User-Agent: HTTPie/0.9.9
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 397
content-type: application/json
{
"popa": [
{
"created": "2017-07-23T03:41:51+03:00",
"group": "popa",
"id": "5973f0cfead3c64a00000001",
"modified": "2017-07-23T03:41:51+03:00"
},
{
"created": "2017-07-23T03:41:52+03:00",
"group": "popa",
"id": "5973f0d0ead3c64a00000002",
"modified": "2017-07-23T03:41:52+03:00"
}
],
"zuul": [
{
"created": "2017-07-23T03:41:57+03:00",
"group": "zuul",
"id": "5973f0d5ead3c64a00000003",
"modified": "2017-07-23T03:41:57+03:00"
}
]
}
Get all records by group
name:
$> http -v :8080/popa
GET /popa HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Host: localhost:8080
User-Agent: HTTPie/0.9.9
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 253
content-type: application/json
[
{
"created": "2017-07-23T03:41:51+03:00",
"group": "popa",
"id": "5973f0cfead3c64a00000001",
"modified": "2017-07-23T03:41:51+03:00"
},
{
"created": "2017-07-23T03:41:52+03:00",
"group": "popa",
"id": "5973f0d0ead3c64a00000002",
"modified": "2017-07-23T03:41:52+03:00"
}
]
Get record by its group
and instanceId
:
$> http -v :8080/popa/5973f0cfead3c64a00000001
GET /popa/5973f0cfead3c64a00000001 HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Host: localhost:8080
User-Agent: HTTPie/0.9.9
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 125
content-type: application/json
{
"created": "2017-07-23T03:41:51+03:00",
"group": "popa",
"id": "5973f0cfead3c64a00000001",
"modified": "2017-07-23T03:41:51+03:00"
}
Update service
This request, first of all, updates modified
time field of the updating record.
Request
PUT [/pathPrefix]/{group}/{instanceId}
- pathPrefix - common path prefix, which was set (default value - /) at the start of Luntic program;
- group - name of the registering application group;
- instanceId - service instance id.
Also, you could send a JSON
object with a request. It will be attached to server generated instance in meta
field.
Response
As a result of the request we get a response:
-
Code
: 200 -
Content type
: application/json -
JSON fields:
Field Optional Description id
no generated record id group
no the group name you set created
no the time you registered modified
no the time you last accessed the record meta
yes if you send JSON in request, we get it back in that field
Error response
-
400 - if neither
group
norinstanceId
are present; 404 - in case of nonexistentgroup
orinstanceId
Examples
Regular modified
time update:
http -v PUT :8080/popa/5973f0cfead3c64a00000001
PUT /popa/5973f0cfead3c64a00000001 HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 0
Host: localhost:8080
User-Agent: HTTPie/0.9.9
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 125
content-type: application/json
{
"created": "2017-07-23T03:41:51+03:00",
"group": "popa",
"id": "5973f0cfead3c64a00000001",
"modified": "2017-07-23T03:46:22+03:00"
}
Update with attaching new meta
field value:
http -v PUT :8080/popa/5973f0cfead3c64a00000001 name=Artem
PUT /popa/5973f0cfead3c64a00000001 HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json, */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 17
Content-Type: application/json
Host: localhost:8080
User-Agent: HTTPie/0.9.9
{
"name": "Artem"
}
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 149
content-type: application/json
{
"created": "2017-07-23T03:41:51+03:00",
"group": "popa",
"id": "5973f0cfead3c64a00000001",
"meta": {
"name": "Artem"
},
"modified": "2017-07-23T03:47:28+03:00"
}
Removes a service
Deletes the service from the services.
Request
DELETE [/pathPrefix]/{group}/{instanceId}
- pathPrefix - common path prefix, which was set (default value - /) at the start of Luntic program;
- group - name of the registering application group;
- instanceId - service instance id.
Response
As a result of the request we get a response:
-
Code
: 204 -
No Content
Error response
-
400 - if neither
group
norinstanceId
are present; 404 - in case of nonexistentgroup
orinstanceId
Examples
$> http -v DELETE :8080/popa/5972a20d5b31ed7400000001
DELETE /popa/5973e2c95d89804600000007 HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 0
Host: localhost:8080
HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Content-Length: 0


What is the capital of New York?
SHOW/HIDE HINT
The capital is not the largest city!
New York City
Buffalo
Syracuse
Albany


The image of the amino acid transform on the protein level is drawn, and the automatic routing of the functional elements such as the domain and the mutation site is completed.
| Version: | 1.0 |
| Depends: | XML, plyr, plotrix, seqinr, ade4 |
| Published: | 2017-05-09 |
| Author: | Xiaoyu Zhang |
| Maintainer: | Yao Geng <gengyao0103521 at qq.com> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | plotprotein results |
| Reference manual: | plotprotein.pdf |
| Package source: | plotprotein_1.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: plotprotein_1.0.zip, r-release: plotprotein_1.0.zip, r-oldrel: plotprotein_1.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: plotprotein_1.0.tgz, r-oldrel: plotprotein_1.0.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=plotprotein to link to this page.


JsWriter responsible for storing options and rendering
values to cause JqPlot to render a specific chart.
Generally, these method calls will be encapsulated by the
chart that registers its own JsWriter upon instantiation.
Methods
Constructor method.
__construct(\Altamira\Chart $chart)
Inherited
Requires the chart to be rendered. Every chart has its own JsWriter instance.
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::__construct() |
Parameters
Returns an array of files required to render the chart
Includes the default files, as well as any files registered by type
It's important to note that some methods in concrete classes will add additional files to this instance
getFiles() : array
Inherited
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::getFiles() |
Returns
array
This is used to differentiate jsWriters of different kinds using a string name
getLibrary() : string
Inherited
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::getLibrary() |
Returns
string
Returns global options stored in the JsWriter instance.
getOption(string $key, mixed $default) : mixed
Inherited
Allows for variable default value.
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::getOption() |
Parameters
$key
string
$default
mixed
Returns
mixed
Returns the options for a series
getOptionsForSeries(\Altamira\Series | string $series) : mixed
Inherited
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::getOptionsForSeries() |
Parameters
Exceptions
Returns
mixed
Returns an option for a specific series.
getSeriesOption(\Altamira\Series | string $series, string $option, mixed $default) : mixed
Inherited
Accepts title or instance.
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::getSeriesOption() |
Parameters
$option
string
$default
mixed
Returns
mixed
Returns the type instance for the provided key
getType(string | \Altamira\Series $series) : \Altamira\JsWriter\multitype: | NULL
Inherited
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::getType() |
Parameters
Returns
\Altamira\JsWriter\multitype:
NULL
Prepares default values for a series array
prepOpts(array $opts)
Sets an option for a given axis
setAxisOptions(string $axis, string $name, mixed $value) : \Altamira\JsWriter\Flot
Parameters
$axis
string
$name
string
$value
mixed
Returns
Responsible for setting the tick labels on a given axis
setAxisTicks(string $axis, array $ticks) : \Altamira\JsWriter\Flot
Parameters
$axis
string
$ticks
array
Returns
Implemented from \Altamira\JsWriter\Ability\Griddable
setGrid(array $opts) : \Altamira\JsWriter\Flot
Parameters
$opts
array
Returns
Implemented from \Altamira\JsWriter\Ability\Legendable
setLegend(array $opts) : \Altamira\JsWriter\Flot
Parameters
$opts
array
Returns
Sets a global option for JS rendering
setOption(string $key, mixed $value) : \Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract
Inherited
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::setOption() |
Parameters
$key
string
$value
mixed
Returns
Sets label setting option values
NOTE: FLOT DOES NOT SUPPORT SERIES-SPECIFIC LABEL SETTINGS
The options you set here are global label settings.
setSeriesLabelSetting(string $series, string $name, mixed $value) : \Altamira\JsWriter\Flot
Parameters
$series
string
$name
string
$value
mixed
Returns
Determines the width of the line we will show, if we're showing it
setSeriesLineWidth(string $series, mixed $value) : \Altamira\JsWriter\Flot
Parameters
$series
string
$value
mixed
Returns
Set a series-specific value for rendering JS
setSeriesOption(string | \Altamira\Series $series, string $name, mixed $value) : \Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract
Inherited
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::setSeriesOption() |
Parameters
$name
string
$value
mixed
Returns
Returns an type that has not yet been registered.
setType(\Altamira\Type\TypeAbstract $type, array $options, string | \Altamira\Series $series)
Inherited
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::setType() |
Parameters
$options
array
Implemented from \Altamira\JsWriter\Ability\Highlightable
useHighlighting(array $opts) : \Altamira\JsWriter\JqPlot
Parameters
$opts
array
Returns
Implemented from \Altamira\JsWriter\Ability\Zoomable
useZooming(array $options) : \Altamira\JsWriter\Flot
Parameters
$options
array
Returns
Registers a callback with the JsWriter and returns a key referencing it.
getCallbackPlaceholder(\Altamira\JsWriter\unknown_type $callback) : string
Inherited
Used for find/replace during JSification
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::getCallbackPlaceholder() |
Parameters
$callback
\Altamira\JsWriter\unknown_type
Returns
string
Allows you to get the value for discretely infinite nesting without notices
by returning null without a warning if it doesn't exist
getNestedOptVal(array $options, mixed $arg) : mixed
Inherited
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::getNestedOptVal() |
Parameters
$options
array
$arg
mixed
the first of any number of arguments to nest through an array, the final of which being the value to return
Returns
mixed
Retrieves a nested value or null
getOptVal(array $opts, mixed $option) : \Altamira\JsWriter\Ambigous
Parameters
$opts
array
$option
mixed
Returns
\Altamira\JsWriter\Ambigous
<>|NULL|multitype:
Mutates the option array to the format required for flot
getOptionsJS() : \Altamira\JsWriter\Ambigous
Returns
\Altamira\JsWriter\Ambigous
supports accessing series values by instance or title
getSeriesTitle(string | \Altamira\Series $series) : string
Inherited
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::getSeriesTitle() |
Parameters
Returns
string
JSON-encoding with some additional treatments
-- anything wrapped in hashes will be treated as bare in js (not wrapped in quotes, for example)
-- callbacks are introduced where they are stored after json-encoding, so that they are evaluated
makeJSArray(array $array) : string
Inherited
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::makeJSArray() |
Parameters
$array
array
Returns
string
Allows you to set discretely infinite nesting without notices
by creating an empty array for key values that don't already exist
setNestedOptVal(array $options, mixed $arg) : \Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract
Inherited
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::setNestedOptVal() |
Parameters
$options
array
the option array to operate against
$arg
mixed
the first any number of arguments to nest through an array, the final of which being the value to set
Returns
Sets a value in a nested array based on a dot-concatenated string
Used primarily for mapping
setOpt(array $opts, string $mapperString, mixed $val)
Parameters
$opts
array
$mapperString
string
$val
mixed
Handles nested mappings
unsetOpt(array $opts, string $mapperString)
Parameters
$opts
array
$mapperString
string
Properties
$callbacks : array
Inherited
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::$$callbacks |
$chart : \Altamira\Chart
Inherited
Each JsWriter is responsible for a single chart.
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::$$chart |
$files : array
Inherited
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::$$files |
$library : string
Inherited
Required when writing a new class.
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::$$library |
$options : array
Inherited
Stored here to make it easier to json-encode.
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::$$options |
$types : array
Inherited
A type registered as 'default' will work for all series that don't have a series registered.
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::$$types |
$useLabels : boolean
Inherited
Doesn't matter much unless you implement Labelable
| inherited_from |
\Altamira\JsWriter\JsWriterAbstract::$$useLabels |
Constants
This is the immutable string component of the highlighting function
we have designed for Flot.
HIGHLIGHTING_FUNCTION : string
It's intended to be passed to sprintf.
This is the immutable string component of the labeling function
we have designed for Flot.
LABELS_FUNCTION : string
It's intended to be passed to sprintf.
Identifies the string value of which library this jsWriter is responsible for
LIBRARY : string
This is the string value of actual "plot" call to Flot,
intended to be passed to sprintf
SCRIPT_OUTPUT : string
This is the immutable string component of the zooming function
we have designed for Flot.
ZOOMING_FUNCTION : string
It's intended to be passed to sprintf.


Awaziem hopes to add Crocodiles to causality list
by Ebenezer BajelaEbenezar Bajela
Super Eagles defender, Chidozie Awaziem, is happy to have helped Nigeria open their 2021 AFCON qualifiers with a win over neighbours, Benin Republic, in Uyo and is ready to add Lesotho to the casualty list.
Nigeria came back from behind to beat the Squirrels 2-1 on Wednesday after falling behind to a fifth minute Stephane Sessegnon’s strike.
And ahead of the showdown with the Crocodiles Leganes defender, Awaziem, wants to make it two wins in a row.
He wrote on his instagram handle, “A good way to start AFCON qualifiers, plus three points, next stop, Lesotho.”
Nigeria are 103 places above Lesotho on the FIFA rankings.
Copyright PUNCH.
All rights reserved. This material, and other digital content on this website, may not be reproduced, published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in whole or in part without prior express written permission from PUNCH.
Contact: theeditor@punchng.com


Copyright © 2007 David Jensen for the Knowledge Discovery Laboratory
The Proximity Cookbook, including source files and examples, is part of the open-source Proximity system. See the LICENSE file for copyright and license information.
All trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
This effort is or has been supported by AFRL, DARPA, NSF, and LLNL/DOE under contract numbers F30602-00-2-0597, F30602-01-2-0566, HR0011-04-1-0013, EIA9983215, and W7405-ENG-48 and by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) through a research grant with the Univeristy of Massachusetts. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements either expressed or implied, of AFRL, DARPA, NSF, LLNL/DOE, NASD, the University of Massachusetts Amherst, or the U.S. Government.
General inquiries regarding Proximity should be directed to:
Knowledge Discovery Laboratory
c/o Professor David Jensen, Director
Department of Computer Science
University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9264
November 15, 2007
Table of Contents


The pictures in this post are shot by me near Lake Abaya, the biggest Ethiopian Rift Valley lake. You might have heard of East African Rift Valley, and the Rift Valley lakes in Ethiopia are the northernmost of the African Rift Valley lakes. This group of lakes in the East African Rift runs north-south through the continent, from Ethiopia in the north to Malawi in the south.
In central Ethiopia, the Great Rift Valley splits the Ethiopian highlands into northern and southern halves, and the lakes occupy the valley floor between the two highlands.
This is a beautiful region surrounded by green rolling hills, and it’s full of banana plantations, pineapple plants, and mango and guava trees. The local people live a pastoral life, herding cows and growing fruits.
Locals use these colorful tanks for carrying water. It was pretty hot when I was there, so I believe it’s not an easy job for the kids and women to carry the heavy water tanks in the scorching sun.
The closest big town is Arba Minch. It’s known for its fish farms, and it also supplies fruits to the whole country. There is a university in this town which is well-known nationwide. The town is served by Arba Minch Airport. Some tourists fly directly here to travel in the south instead of first going to the capital city Addis Ababa.
Arba Minch is a good base to explore the amazing Nechisar National Park, where zebras 🦓 and gazelles roam the vast savannahs. 2 biggest Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes - Lake Abaya and Lake Chamo are also close by. I did a boat tour to these lakes and watched hippos, crocodiles and lots of water birds. It’s also the gateway for going further south to the 2 national parks: Omo and Mago, where you can see the interesting wildlife and experience the unique tribe cultures.
!steemitworldmap 6.105053 lat 37.567749 long d3scr
This page is synchronized from the post: ‘#28 Discover with Me the Ethiopian Rift Valley Lake Region 🇪🇹 聊聊东非大裂谷北部湖区’


Previous: Examples of ALWAYS, Up: Termination Test Clauses
(loop while (hungry-p) do (eat)) ;; UNTIL NOT is equivalent to WHILE. (loop until (not (hungry-p)) do (eat)) ;; Collect the length and the items of STACK. (let ((stack '(a b c d e f))) (loop for item = (length stack) then (pop stack) collect item while stack)) ⇒ (6 A B C D E F) ;; Use WHILE to terminate a loop that otherwise wouldn't terminate. ;; Note that WHILE occurs after the WHEN. (loop for i fixnum from 3 when (oddp i) collect i while (< i 5)) ⇒ (3 5)


JOHANNA D'ARC OF MONGOLIA A film review by Thomas E. Billings Copyright 1991 Thomas E. Billings
Synopsis: Seven Western women are travelling on the Trans-Siberian railroad when their train is hijacked by (female) Mongolian warriors. The Western women are taken as hostages and kept in a Mongolian village. Although the premise of the film is interesting, it is not an adventure story. Instead it is more of a travelogue and culture study, and is fairly boring.
West Germany (English subtitles), color, 1989, 165 minutes. Director/Writer: Ulrike Ottinger
The plot of the film is relatively low-key. It begins on the Trans-Siberian railroad, where four travellers, all women, meet and get acquainted. Two are middle-aged -- an English anthropologist, and a German schoolteacher. Two are young -- an American actress, and Johanna, a young woman who is travelling light (backpack only). The women meet an amusing American man, an effeminate Yiddish opera singer who is a glutton, and describes his meals using extremely beautiful, poetic language. Also on board is a singing group, the Kalinka sisters.
While crossing Mongolia, the train is stopped by a group of female Mongolian warriors. The Western women (the 4 travellers, plus the 3 Kalinka sisters), are taken as hostages, and moved to an (all-female) Mongolian village. The story continues with the cultural confrontations that result when the Westerners experience Mongolian culture and traditions.
I saw this movie because a brief review of it (published in a film festival program guide) described it as a "lesbian LAWRENCE OF ARABIA".  The reality is that the film is a very low-budget travelogue. The film has a very thin plot that serves as filler between scenes of traditional Mongolian culture and the countryside.
The primary focus of the film is cultural interaction. A pamphlet available in the theater lobby included an interview with the Director, and in the interview she specifically states that the focus of the film is not "exotica" (i.e., Mongolia as an "exotic" culture), but the interaction of cultures that are substantially different. (I would prefer to quote the interview directly, but have lost the pamphlet.) The comparison of the film to LAWRENCE OF ARABIA may be reasonable or not, depending on what you consider LAWRENCE to be -- an adventure film, a travelogue, or a film on cultural interaction. (The very low budget and low production values of JOHANNA are not even close to the high standards of LAWRENCE).
The film does provide a view into Mongolia, an isolated country that is rarely visited by Westerners. However, in order to experience the travelogue "portion", one must endure roughly 1.5 hours of slow, weak plot development. (At 2 hrs 45 min, the movie is much too long.)
Because of the weak (nearly non-existent) plot I would not recommend the film to a general audience. Those with a strong interest in Mongolia might find the film worthy of consideration.
Reviewer contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Moscow Court Turns Down Request to Make Serebrennikov Sign Recognizance Not to Leave
MOSCOW (Sputnik) - Moscow's Meshchansky District Court has refused to make film and theatre director Kirill Serebrennikov, accused of embezzling state funds, sign a recognizance not to leave again as part of relitigation of his case, a Sputnik correspondent reported from the courtroom on Friday.
While the prosecution insisted that recognizance not to leave was necessary, as the film director could evade justice without it, the defence stressed that this would prevent Serebrennikov and other defendants from implementing their creative plans.
"To turn down the request to choose recognizance not to leave as a pre-trial restriction," judge Olesya Mendeleeva said.
The same decision was made regarding other defendants in the case.
The judge stressed that the gravity of accusations itself was not a reason to make Serebrennikov and his colleagues at the Seventh Studio sign recognizance not to leave since there was no proof of their alleged intention to hinder litigation.
Investigators suspect Serebrennikov, the artistic director of the Moscow Gogol Center Theater, and several other people of embezzling money that was allocated by the government for the development and popularization of modern art in Russia as part of the Platforma theatre project in 2011-2014.


default.conf
Section: FreeIPA Manual Pages (5)Updated: Feb 21 2011
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
default.conf - IPA configuration fileSYNOPSIS
/etc/ipa/default.conf, ~/.ipa/default.conf, /etc/ipa/server.conf, /etc/ipa/cli.confDESCRIPTION
The default.conf configuration file is used to set system-wide defaults to be applied when running IPA clients and servers.Users may create an optional configuration file in ~/.ipa/default.conf which will be merged into the system-wide defaults file.
The following files are read, in order:
~/.ipa/default.conf /etc/ipa/<context>.conf /etc/ipa/default.conf built-in constants
The IPA server does not read ~/.ipa/default.conf.
SYNTAX
The configuration options are not case sensitive. The values may be case sensitive, depending on the option.Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with # are comments and are ignored.
Valid lines consist of an option name, an equals sign and a value. Spaces surrounding equals sign are ignored. An option terminates at the end of a line.
Values should not be quoted, the quotes will not be stripped.
# Wrong - don't include quotes
verbose = "True"
# Right - Properly formatted options
verbose = True
verbose=True
Options must appear in the section named [global]. There are no other sections defined or used currently.
Options may be defined that are not used by IPA. Be careful of misspellings, they will not be rejected.
OPTIONS
The following options are relevant for the server:- basedn <base>
- Specifies the base DN to use when performing LDAP operations. The base must be in DN format (dc=example,dc=com).
- ca_agent_port <port>
- Specifies the secure CA agent port. The default is 9443.
- ca_ee_port <port>
- Specifies the secure CA end user port. The default is 9444.
- ca_port <port>
- Specifies the insecure CA end user port. The default is 9180.
- ca_host <hostname>
- Specifies the hostname of the dogtag CA server. The default is the hostname of the IPA server.
- context <context>
- Specifies the context that IPA is being executed in. IPA may operate differently depending on the context. The current defined contexts are cli and server. Additionally this value is used to load /etc/ipa/context.conf to provide context-specific configuration. For example, if you want to always perform client requests in verbose mode but do not want to have verbose enabled on the server, add the verbose option to /etc/ipa/cli.conf.
- verbose <boolean>
- When True provides more information. Specifically this sets the global log level to "info".
- debug <boolean>
- When True provides detailed information. Specifically this set the global log level to "debug". Default is False.
- log_logger_XXX <comma separated list of regexps>
- loggers matching regexp will be assigned XXX level.
- Logger levels can be explicitly specified for specific loggers as opposed to a global logging level. Specific loggers are indiciated by a list of regular expressions bound to a level. If a logger's name matches the regexp then it is assigned that level. This config item must begin with "log_logger_level_" and then be followed by a symbolic or numeric log level, for example:
-
log_logger_level_debug = ipalib\.dn\..* -
log_logger_level_35 = ipalib\.plugins\.dogtag - The first line says any logger belonging to the ipalib.dn module will have it's level configured to debug.
- The second line say the ipa.plugins.dogtag logger will be configured to level 35.
- This config item is useful when you only want to see the log output from one or more selected loggers. Turning on the global debug flag will produce an enormous amount of output. This allows you to leave the global debug flag off and selectively enable output from a specific logger. Typically loggers are bound to classes and plugins.
- Note: logger names are a dot ('.') separated list forming a path in the logger tree. The dot character is also a regular expression metacharacter (matches any character) therefore you will usually need to escape the dot in the logger names by preceeding it with a backslash.
- domain <domain>
- The domain of the IPA server e.g. example.com.
- enable_ra <boolean>
- Specifies whether the CA is acting as an RA agent, such as when dogtag is being used as the Certificate Authority. This setting only applies to the IPA server configuration.
- fallback <boolean>
- Specifies whether an IPA client should attempt to fall back and try other services if the first connection fails.
- host <hostname>
- Specifies the hostname of the IPA server. This value is used to construct URL values on the client and server.
- in_server <boolean>
- Specifies whether requests should be forwarded to an IPA server or handled locally. This is used internally by IPA in a similar way as context. The same IPA framework is used by the ipa command-line tool and the server. This setting tells the framework whether it should execute the command as if on the server or forward it via XML-RPC to a remote server.
- in_tree <boolean>
- This is used in development and is generally a detected value. It means that the code is being executed within a source tree.
- interactive <boolean>
- Specifies whether values should be prompted for or not. The default is True.
- ldap_uri <URI>
- Specifies the URI of the IPA LDAP server to connect to. The URI scheme may be one of ldap or ldapi. The default is to use ldapi, e.g. ldapi://%2fvar%2frun%2fslapd-EXAMPLE-COM.socket
- mode <mode>
- Specifies the mode the server is running in. The currently support values are production and development. When running in production mode some self-tests are skipped to improve performance.
- mount_ipa <URI>
- Specifies the mount point that the development server will register. The default is /ipa/
- prompt_all <boolean>
- Specifies that all options should be prompted for in the IPA client, even optional values. Default is False.
- ra_plugin <name>
- Specifies the name of the CA back end to use. The current options are selfsign and dogtag. This is a server-side setting. Changing this value is not recommended as the CA back end is only set up during initial installation.
- realm <realm>
- Specifies the Kerberos realm.
- startup_traceback <boolean>
- If the IPA server fails to start and this value is True the server will attempt to generate a python traceback to make identifying the underlying problem easier.
- validate_api <boolean>
- Used internally in the IPA source package to verify that the API has not changed. This is used to prevent regressions. If it is true then some errors are ignored so enough of the IPA framework can be loaded to verify all of the API, even if optional components are not installed. The default is False.
- xmlrpc_uri <URI>
- Specifies the URI of the XML-RPC server for a client. This is used by IPA and some external tools as well, such as ipa-getcert. e.g. https://ipa.example.com/ipa/xml
- session_auth_duration <time duration spec>
- Specifies the length of time authentication credentials cached in the session are valid. After the duration expires credentials will be automatically reacquired. Examples are "2 hours", "1h:30m", "10 minutes", "5min, 30sec".
- session_duration_type <inactivity_timeout|from_start>
- Specifies how the expiration of a session is computed. With inactivity_timeout the expiration time is advanced by the value of session_auth_duration everytime the user accesses the service. With from_start the session expiration is the start of the user's session plus the value of session_auth_duration.
- The following define the containers for the IPA server. Containers define where in the DIT that objects can be found. The full location is the value of container + basedn.
-
container_accounts: cn=accounts
container_applications: cn=applications,cn=configs,cn=policies
container_automount: cn=automount
container_configs: cn=configs,cn=policies
container_dns: cn=dns
container_entitlements: cn=entitlements,cn=etc
container_group: cn=groups,cn=accounts
container_hbac: cn=hbac
container_hbacservice: cn=hbacservices,cn=hbac
container_hbacservicegroup: cn=hbacservicegroups,cn=hbac
container_host: cn=computers,cn=accounts
container_hostgroup: cn=hostgroups,cn=accounts
container_netgroup: cn=ng,cn=alt
container_permission: cn=permissions,cn=pbac
container_policies: cn=policies
container_policygroups: cn=policygroups,cn=configs,cn=policies
container_policylinks: cn=policylinks,cn=configs,cn=policies
container_privilege: cn=privileges,cn=pbac
container_rolegroup: cn=roles,cn=accounts
container_roles: cn=roles,cn=policies
container_service: cn=services,cn=accounts
container_sudocmd: cn=sudocmds,cn=sudo
container_sudocmdgroup: cn=sudocmdgroups,cn=sudo
container_sudorule: cn=sudorules,cn=sudo
container_user: cn=users,cn=accounts
container_virtual: cn=virtual operations,cn=etc
FILES
- /etc/ipa/default.conf
- system-wide IPA configuration file
- $HOME/.ipa/default.conf
- user IPA configuration file
- It is also possible to define context-specific configuration files. The context is set when the IPA api is initialized. The two currently defined contexts in IPA are cli and server. This is helpful, for example, if you only want debug enabled on the server and not in the client. If this is set to True in default.conf it will affect both the ipa client tool and the IPA server. If it is only set in server.conf then only the server will have debug set. These files will be loaded if they exist:
- /etc/ipa/cli.conf
- system-wide IPA client configuration file
- /etc/ipa/server.conf
- system-wide IPA server configuration file
SEE ALSO
ipa(1)
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:33:59 GMT, December 24, 2015


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/Complete.20lattice.20redundant.20parameter.html ---
Isn't bot and top provable from supremum and infimum, respectively?
Yes, and Sup
is definable from Inf
, and sup
is definable from Sup
. The reason these additional definitions are in the structure is that sometimes you want a different definitional reduction for the expression than the lattice definition gives you, i.e. Prop
is a complete lattice with top true
, but if it was defined with Sup
then that would be some cumbersome forall false thing
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Gun Smith Cats (1996) A film review by Shaggy Bob Copyright 1996 Shaggy Bob
Is it me or has anyone else noticed that rubber neckers are the source of all traffic mess? Think about it -- if there's someone slow, you can always pass them by. But when there are rubber neckers who just want to see that stalled car on the side, they have to slam on the break and crawl at 5 mph in hopes of seeing some gore. Heaven forbit if they ever see one, or else they'll cause an innocent car to collide.
Speaking of bloody mess, GUN SMITH CATS, Chapter One (an anime) came out so I had to go check it out. It's about this duo of gun shop owners who takes on jobs as bounty hunters to suppliment their income. Of course, the famous babes with big guns apply. And yes, the babes with fast cars apply too. Oh yeah, you can't forget about all kinds of guns and explosions too.
No nakkid boobs. 6 dozen bullets. No real dead bodies. 23 on the vomit meter. No moon shots. What we got here are: Cobra-fu, telephone call from hell-fu, shotgun pointing the wrong direction-fu, smoke bomb-fu, attack of careless cop-fu, infomous ATF-fu, making the bail-fu, warehouse-fu and of course, attack of killer baby sitter-fu. Video hall of fame to May for saying stuff like "at least you have clean pair on" and to Rally for saying stuff like "you mean like this?" Three stars. Shaggy Bob says wicked!
Spoilers - Ok, it's an anime. Ok, it's too short (30min). Ok, it's one of those typical babes with guns. Ok, there's no real plot to get in the way of the story line. So what? It's got clear and concise plot that flows and keeps you on the edge. No real violence on the screen except for people firing guns. At least the two heroine's chemistry works as well as the ATF guy's blackmail to recruit these women. If you're sitting around, waiting for the phone call from Brittney Powell, pop this tape in while you're waiting. If she does call, you can always rewind to that point again.
Alien Alert! Did ya hear that crime rate is at 10 year low? I don't know about you but I sure don't feel any safer considering juvenile crimes are up. Now, we can get mugged, beaten and killed by younger kids than by older ones. Big deal. When there's virtually no crime, then we may have something. I think one is one too many.
For wisdom according to Shaggy Bob, hit that reply key now.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Check if parent property is deprecated.
class A { /** @deprecated */ protected $name; } class B extends A { protected $name; // <-- Warn about deprecation }The recommended way of resolving this error is to provide deprecated tag for deprecated properties. Another case it to remove parent deprecated property.


This sample shows two linked calendars allowing selection of a start date
and an end date that can fall at most two weeks after the start date. The
second calendar is initially hidden using Angular's ng-show
directive — it'll be shown only if startDate
is defined in
scope. It will appear as soon as you select a start date.
Limiting of date range is done with the Calendar's min
and max
config options. We use k-rebind
to
reset the calendars whenever the startDate
and endDate
change in the scope.
In order to allow selection of a date at most two weeks from the start
date in the second calendar, we're using $scope.watch
(see
the controller) to compute the max end date
whenever startDate
changes.


API Previews
- Open Source License Use
- Migrations
- Protected branches
- Source import
- Squash or rebase pull requests
- Git signing
- Enhanced deployments
- Reactions
- Timeline
- Repository invitations
- Pages
- Traffic
- Integrations
- Projects
API previews let you try out new APIs and changes to existing API methods before they become part of the official GitHub API.
During the preview period, we may change some features based on developer feedback. If we do make changes, we'll announce them on the developer blog without advance notice.
To access an API preview, you'll need to provide a custom media type in the Accept
header for your requests. Feature documentation for each preview specifies which custom media type to provide.
Open Source License Use
Support for retrieving information about open source license usage on GitHub.com.
Custom media type: drax-preview
Announced: 2015-03-09
Update 1: 2015-06-24
Update 2: 2015-08-04
Migrations
Prepare a GitHub repository for migration to GitHub Enterprise.
Custom media type: wyandotte-preview
Protected branches
Protect branches by preventing force-pushes and branch deletions, requiring status checks, and setting push permissions for users in an organization.
Custom media type: loki-preview
Announced: 2015-11-11
Update: 2016-06-27
Source import
Import source repositories to GitHub with the API version of the GitHub Importer.
Custom media type: barred-rock-preview
Announced: 2016-02-19
Update: 2016-05-03
Squash or rebase pull requests
Squash or rebase commits when merging pull requests through the API.
Custom media type: polaris-preview
Announced: 2016-04-01
Update: 2016-09-26
Git signing
Verify GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) signed commits and tags.
Custom media type: cryptographer-preview
Announced: 2016-04-04
Enhanced deployments
Exercise greater control over deployments with more information and finer granularity.
Custom media type: ant-man-preview
Announced: 2016-04-06
Reactions
Manage reactions for commits, issues, and comments.
Custom media type: squirrel-girl-preview
Announced: 2016-05-12
Update: 2016-06-07
Timeline
Get a list of events for an issue or pull request.
Custom media type: mockingbird-preview
Announced: 2016-05-23
Repository invitations
Invite collaborators to work on your repository.
Custom media type: swamp-thing-preview
Announced: 2016-06-14
Pages
Get more information about your GitHub Pages site.
Custom media type: mister-fantastic-preview
Announced: 2016-07-06
Traffic
Get traffic information for a repository you have push access to.
Custom media type: spiderman-preview
Announced: 2016-08-15
Update: 2016-10-26
Integrations
Manage integrations through the API.
Custom media type: machine-man-preview
Announced: 2016-09-14
Projects
Manage projects.
Custom media type: inertia-preview
Announced: 2016-09-14
Update: 2016-10-27


Engineering Building, Miami University
Roudebush Hall, Miami University
Clock Tower, Miami University
OX-TR road, MU
Snow @ Miami University
Millet Hall, Miami University
Oxford, Ohio
Snow @ Oxford, Ohio


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Press release
The Education Secretary welcomes new professional standards for school leaders and the Carter review of initial teacher training (ITT).
Education Secretary Nicky Morgan has today (19 January 2015) unveiled new professional standards for headteachers in England ahead of a speech she will give at the Education World Forum - the biggest global gathering of education ministers.
Raising teaching standards lies at the heart of the government’s plan for education - and world-class, excellent school leaders are vital to driving this ambition forward. But while the education landscape has changed dramatically over the last 10 years, the standards we expect of our school leaders have not.
The revised standards , created by the profession, for the profession, are designed to empower and inspire heads, drive aspiration, promote excellence and reflect the greater decision-making powers heads now enjoy.
A review of the existing 2004 standards was conducted last year, led by Dame Dana Ross-Wawrzynski and assisted by other leading members of the profession with the aim of defining leadership standards that are applicable to all headteacher roles in the current educational landscape.
Rather than simply creating a set of baseline standards, the new ‘standards of excellence’ set out the skills, knowledge and behaviour headteachers should aspire to, including:
Education Secretary Nicky Morgan said:
At the heart of our plan for education - at the heart of all great education systems - are great teachers and great teaching.
But strong leadership in all our schools is absolutely crucial and a key part of securing the best outcomes for pupils. We already have many talented headteachers driving forward our programme of improvement and ensuring young people are prepared for life in modern Britain.
That is why we want to champion these dedicated professionals who regularly go the extra mile for our children by providing them with aspirational standards of excellence that will support them to get the best of their staff and pupils
I’d like to thank Dame Dana Ross-Wawrzynski and the reviewing panel for all their hard work.
Dame Dana said:
I am delighted as chair of the review to be able to announce the launch of the revised national headteacher standards . The review was a process which gave headteachers a genuine opportunity to review and set their own professional standards.
The review group devised standards which are applicable to all headteacher roles in the current educational landscape, and will support the move to a self-improving school-led system. The review group hopes that these standards will inspire public confidence in headteachers, drive aspiration and excellence, and empower the profession.
Russell Hobby, General Secretary of the National Assocation of Head Teachers ( NAHT ), said:
It is important that headteachers and school leaders have a set of professional standards relevant to the modern state of the role. These highly aspirational standards will provide a solid foundation for professional development and dialogue. They also state proudly to the world what heads stand for and how they hold themselves to account.
The Education Secretary has also welcomed a review by Sir Andrew Carter into initial teacher training ( ITT ) . Sir Andrew’s report - also published today - highlights that the system in England is performing well but that more needs to be done to ensure all trainees receive some core grounding in the basics of classroom management and subject knowledge.
In response the government has confirmed today that it will:
Sir Andrew said:
What really matters most in a child’s education is the quality of the teaching.
I am delighted to have been given the opportunity to lead this important review.
We have been inspired by the many examples of excellent training we have seen. I sincerely hope that our recommendations are taken forward by the sector and by government.
Central newsdesk 020 7783 8300
General enquiries 0370 000 2288
Published: 19 January 2015


GI 3.5 Samples Test Suite
Date Picker control test
Time Picker control test
Matrix Performance test
Matrix tree control test
Matrix delete row test
Select control test
sample portal multiple apps
sample search List
sample XML to CDF transform
sample splitting CDF
sample large paging matrix using slider
sample Master Detail
sample localization
sample Efficient Repaint Adopt
sample Efficient Repaint Remove
sample Tree Drill down
sample Dialog Simple
sample Dialog Modified Button
sample Dialog Multi Instance
sample Dialog AppCanvas
sample Dialog Alerts
sample Add Remove CDF
WSDL Mapping 3
WSDL Mapping 2
WSDL Mapping 1
sample chart
sample Efficient Repaint Load
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Skipped Tests


Author:Mayuri Pandey
Data can be found abundantly over the Internet, and there are databases available, which help in the storage and retrieval of those data and information. Nowadays, there is a rapid growth of location-specific devices that need geographical features and spatial data, and there exist severe challenges to maintain such data. Hence in 1997 the Open Geospatial Consortium developed few specifications and set few standards for adding various spatial functionality to the database systems.[1]
Therefore, in this regard, Geospatial Database or Spatial Data has been well-defined as collective sets of stored information which is used to depict any data which is related to or consists of information about a particular location on the Earth’s Surface. The main goal of this report is to understand the concept of geospatial databases in brief and to have a thorough understanding of various tools available, how these tools will help us to optimize data.[2]
Author:Mayuri Pandey
Geospatial database, defined as a group of different data sets stored in a common System file folder. The database can be generalized as containing geographic information of countries, cities, different administrative divisions,etc. It mainly has data about the locations, geographic features and the relationship between them, which are stored as coordinates and topology. It is structured in a way as to ensure maximum productivity from the database.[2]
It follows ESRI standard format and acts as collective storage for various data types like Raster, Vector, Tables, etc. Another important feature is also the scalability, i.e, single to multiple editing can be achieved. It acts as a physical store for the geographical information using a database stem where we can not only access but also work with the physical instances such as a collection of the data sets using SQL, it consists of a model that represents and manages the geographical information which supports the rules to manage spatial integrity and the tools to work with the attributes.[2]
Author:Mayuri Pandey
There exist various tools or software for analyzing and computing different patterns, which assists the user to understand them more precisely. The functionality of each of them is listed below: [4]
Falconview: This application supports multiple platform mapping functions. It has the ability to showcase a wide range of maps including varied types of geographically referenced overlays.It lacks spatial analysis and also it has limited cartography and mapping tools. Data editing and management are quite difficult in this software.[4][5]
GeoDa:It is free software that has the capability to conduct an analysis of spatial data, spatial modeling, etc. It mainly deals with geostatistics and as an introductory tool for beginners to work with spatial data. This tool is promising in various sectors such as health care, economic development, etc.[4][6]
GrassGIS:This software is designed for the management of land and planning of the environment. It is a free software that is valued for its various uses in sectors concerning analysis, manipulation of terrain, image processing, etc. GrassGIS supports 3D raster analysis.[4][7]
ILWIS:It is an open source software for wide and easy access for users.Some of the basic areas of operation for this software are editing, digitization and displaying geographic data. Further the software also facilitates remote sensing with tools for image enhancement, classification and band manipulation.[4][8]
MapWindows:The software is not a complete software for utilisation in the Geo spatial data processing of the intended tasks such as identity features, map viewer, processing tools and print layout. This software is free to use.[4][9]
QGIS It is basically a geo information system, which enables users to not only examine and change the spatial data but also create and exchange pictorial maps. A plus point of QGIS is that it can handle shapefiles, dxf, coverages, PostGIS formats. Georeferencing of images is also possible with this software.[4][10]
gvSIG:This application is desktop-oriented and has the ability to store, analyze, capture any geographical referenced information to resolve complicated issues. It is also counted as the base 3D visualization tool available having the most interactive user-friendly UI.[4][11]
SagaGIS:Originally designed for analysis of terrains such as watershed extraction, hill shading, and visibility analysis. The tools facilitate operations with multiple windows to lay forward all the analysis such as maps, scattered plots, histograms, etc besides providing methods related to geosciences to the geoscientific community.[4][12]
uDig:This application is free to use having an intuitive user-friendly UI, It is a desktop-oriented application that is supported by all operating systems and also provides the framework on which analytical problems can be resolved.[4][13]
Author:Mayuri Pandey
| Tools/Software | Supported by all operating System | Open Source | Cartographical operations | Map Creation and Map sharing | Geoprocessing | User Friendly UI | Data manipulation and Analysis | Scripting functionality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FalconView | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partially supported | Yes |
| GeoDa | Yes | Yes | Partially supported | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partially supported | Yes |
| GrassGIS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| ILWIS | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| MapWindow | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| gvSIG | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Medium |
| SAGA Gis | Partially supported | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| uDig | Yes | Yes | Partially supported | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Medium |
Each tool has its own flexibility of functionalities, few of them are briefly explained below:
Supported by all Operating Systems: There are various operating systems available such as Windows, macOS , Linux and, Android. Each software or tool has been designed such that it can give the user flexibility to use it on these platforms.[14]
Open Source: This criteria states that whether the tool or software in use is freely available or it is a paid version where the user needs to pay a certain amount to use the tool. [14]
Cartographical operations: The operations let the user zoom and pan the extensions of the map and restructure the map components i.e, Map legend, north arrow, scale bar, and inset maps to name a few. [14]
Geoprocessing: Geoprocessing can be defined as an operation that uses a dataset as an input and performs operations on that specific dataset, hence returning the operation as an output dataset as result. [14]
User Friendly: The goal of having a user-friendly UI is to offer an easy navigation GUI for exporting and importing the data format, manipulate and edit the data and analyze the modified layout of the map.[14]
Data manipulation and Analysis: This is one of the most important functionalities provided by the tools to manipulate the data and have a detailed analysis of the same, hence allowing the user to edit and create their own GIS when they need.[14]
Scripting functionality: It includes performing queries and programming functionalities using database and programming language with which users can script and follow workflow repetitively.[14]
Author:Mayuri Pandey
Geographical information systems help us find a wide range of geographical information all over the earth surface, so keeping in mind the different functionalities of each tool, for our demonstration we have used GrassGIS, like other tools, this also had its own share of pros and cons. However, why this tool has been used and what are the features that it provides has been explained in brief below:
GrassGIS is a typical tool used in finding Geographical Information systems. It is specially designed in order to analyze and manage the vector and raster data, model the spatial data, 3D visualization of the map and geoprocessing. [15]It is free and open source software. We chose this tool for a deep understanding of the geospatial databases for many reasons, for instance, there are no limitations of operating systems, it supports Linux, Windows and Mac and also it consists of an intuitive, user-friendly GUI and command line, the backend language used here is Python, while using the software, the user need not need to know about the language and can work by knowing few basic commands in the command line. GrassGIS supports all the SQL interface functionalities.[15][16]
To understand this platform in brief, we need to understand few very important aspects of the tool, these are explained below:
Terrain Analysis: It assists in detailed analysis and interpretation of the various topological features through the Geographical Information System. The different Terrain Analysis includes a slope, aspect, viewshed, shaded surfaces, elevations etc. It also shades the elevation layer we came.[16]
Hydrological Analysis:It assists the user to have a thorough understanding, predicting various aspects and managing the water resources.[16]
Why is Raster Data used?
The raster data can be easily rescaled and masked, hence masking is one of the most important criteria to consider while working with maps. Each location contains useful sensitive data, hence Masking is done when maps are read to protect the user data.[16]
Why is Vector Data used?
Vector Data aids in maintaining the vector maps with clean geometry and maintaining the same, it also helps in analyzing the topological data, so it needs to be considered while working for a specific location.[16]
GrassGIS always works with data that is being imported using the database of the GrassGIS itself, so no matter what location we work with, all the data needs to be imported. For our demonstration, we have used the map set of Wake Country, Raleigh, US, and we will try to analyze this dataset.
Plot Evaluation Profile: After the selection of the raster and vector layers, if the user needs, he can simply select the coordinates according to his own requirement and plot the evaluation map of that region. Detailed view of the same is shown in the figure 3.[16]
Watershed and Streams:This is done to show the various hydrological resources available in that particular region. We have considered only the basin and streams of the particular region which is shown in the figure:[16]
SQL & Attribute table:GrassGIS allows all the SQL operations in the map set, we can perform join, select, create delete etc. and all the other functions. However If the user requires only a few location information, it gives the flexibility to do that also, so as per the user needs selecting the desired query on the attribute table one can achieve a lot. This can be well understood in the figure:[16]
3D Visualization: GrassGIS is capable of rendering all 3D and 4D images. The detailed rendered view of the Wake Country, Rayleigh is shown below in the figure:[16]
Author:Mayuri Pandey, Khushbu Navdiwala
After thorough research and understanding of the Geographical Information System, we can say that Geospatial Databases helps in achieving great efficiency and saves a lot of problem solving time. it helps users to have a better understanding and conceptualizing the different locations. Geospatial database assists in understanding and developing the most useful solution to any user-specific geographical data. Geospatial Database benefits not only the small but organizations of all sizes and industries of different scales. Various Innovation operations are looking for better ways to provide these frameworks with much more specific information. Furthermore, people have begun to realize that a correct decision about a specific location leads to the success of any strategic research and thus increasing their system results.
[1] Geospatial Database,Wikipedia[Online] Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_database#Geodatabase[Accessed: 01.01.2021]
[2] An overview of Geodatabase[Online] Available: "https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.3/manage-data/geodatabases/what-is-a-geodatabase.htm" [Accessed: 29.12.2020]
[3] Datatype of geospatial database[Online] Available:"https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/latest/manage-data/geodatabases/types-of-geodatabases.htm [Accessed: 14.01.2021]
[4] Amit Paul Chowdhury, (2017)”.Top 10 best Geospatial tools for GIS”[Online]Available:https://analyticsindiamag.com/top-10-best-geospatial-tools-gis-mapping-data-visualization/ [Accessed: 19.01.2021]
[5] John Pyles, Falconview,[Online] Available: https://www.gtri.gatech.edu/initiatives/falconview [Accessed in 19.01.2021]
[6] Mapscaping ,Free Geoinformatics Software,[Online] Available: https://mapscaping.com/pages/free-geoinformatics-software [Accessed: 19.01.2021]
[7] OSGEO,GrassGIS [Online] Available: https://www.osgeo.org/projects/grass-gis/[Accessed: 19.01.2021]
[8] ILWIS,[Online] Available: https://www.itc.nl/ilwis/ [Accessed: 20.01.2021].
[9] MapWindow,[Online] Available: https://plagiarismdetector.net/ [Accessed: 20.01.2021].
[10] QGIS,Wikipedia[Online], Available https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QGIS [Accessed: 20.01.2021]
[11] OSGEO,gvSIG Desktop[Online], Available: https://www.osgeo.org/projects/gvsig/ [Accessed: 20.01.2021].
[12] oconrad recklov_w,SAGA GIS [Online] Available: https://sourceforge.net/projects/saga-gis/ [Accessed: 20.01.2021].
[13] uDIG GIS,[Online], Available: http://udig.refractions.net/ [Accessed: 20.01.2021].
[14] WHO/HQ/WHE/HIM/MAP (GIS team) ,Comparison of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software ,WHO, Geneva,Created on March 12,2018
[15] GrassGIS, [Online], Available: https://grass.osgeo.org/download/data/. [Accessed: 21.01.2021].
[16] Quick wxGUI Tutorial,Wik,[Online], Available: https://grasswiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Quick_wxGUI_tutorial [Accessed: 20.01.2021].
[17] eigene aufgesetzte ownCloud
[18] eigene aufgesetzte ownCloud


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The big picture: Emirates’ new A380 livery is out of this world
by Mark CaswellEmirates has launched a new A380 livery celebrating the UAE’s ambitions to become a hub for space exploration and research.
The one-off ‘UAE in Space’ livery pays tribute to the nation’s first space mission earlier this year.
Emirati astronaut and former pilot Hazzaa Al Mansoori embarked on an eight-day mission to the International Space Station in September.
The superjumbo made its first commercial flight sporting the new livery to Melbourne this week, and will fly across the carrier’s network over the next year.
The livery depicts an image of an astronaut in space, with Earth in the background, along with the words “The sky is only the beginning”, a quote from His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, vice president of the UAE and ruler of Dubai.
The ‘UAE in Space’ livery is the latest design to adorn one of Emirates’ A380 aircraft – previous examples have included a commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of the UAE’s founding father HH Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, and a football-themed superjumbo featuring five AC Milan players in action.


Everyone has something to share. See how people are using iPad in their unique ways to add to the world's story.
Watch the "Your Verse" film and explroe the stories


CSS3 Animations
The plugin use the best browser features when available (CSS3 transition and transform, GPU acceleration)
The plugin use the best browser features when available (CSS3 transition and transform, GPU acceleration)
The plug-in supports modern preprocessors of LESS and SASS
The plug-in is well optimized under mobile devices. Animations work clean and smoothly
Modern preloader is easy to use and customize
IE 10+, Opera, Google Chrome, Firefox, Yandex Browser, Safari, Androind, iOS
Extensive step-by-step guide to help you with usage and customization.


ECB’s Lane: ECB to decide scope, timing of review `fairly soon'
by Ross J BurlandECB’s chief economist, Lane, has been crossing the wires, explaining that the ECB will decide scope and the timing of review `fairly soon'.
Additional comments:
- The review cannot be too extensive, needs a ‘clear focus' - Paper
- Creation of ESM was "act of solidarity", risky but successful - Paper
- ECB does not expect recession in the eurozone where economy is growing less than hoped - Paper
- He sees eurozone economic recovery in next year or two - Paper
- Current inflation rate at 1% is "unsatisfactory", trusts that ECB's monetary stimulus will allow it to grow - Paper
- Low interest rates are opportunity for EZ countries to cut debt not for new expenses or tax cuts - Paper
- There are margins for negotiations to complete banking union and find a compromise - Paper
FX implications:
Focus remains on ECB President Lagarde’s speech on Friday, so leading into this, markets are unlikely to position to deeply one way or the other despite the bullish rhetoric within these statements from the ECB’s chief economist.


Russia banned from international sporting events for 4 years over doping
by Patrick Smith and Matthew BodnerRussia has been banned from all major sporting competitions for four years after a string of controversies concerning its athletes' use of banned drugs, the Russian state-owned Tass news agency reported on Monday.
According to Tass, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) said Russia would not be able to officially compete in the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo or the 2022 soccer World Cup in Qatar.
However, while the Russian flag cannot be present at events, Russian athletes can compete under a neutral flag if they are free of association with the doping scandal. Some 168 Russian athletes competed at the 2018 winter Olympics in Pyeongchang under a neutral flag.
WADA's executive board recommended a four-year ban in November this year. Russia handed over laboratory data to WADA in January as part of a deal to lift the suspension of the Russian anti-doping agency. But WADA then accused Russia of tampering with the evidence.


Instructions
- Login to your Banco en Línea de Banorte.
- Go to the "Servicios" menu option and type "Conekta" in the search field.
- Copy the reference number on this stub and type it in the input field.
- Make the online payment.
- To confirm your payment, the cashier will hand you a printed receipt. Check on it that it was performed correctly.


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The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- code/googleappengine-read-only/python/google/appengine/datastore/datastore_v4_pb.py


Takes a video. ## Syntax
takeVideo(camera: <#Type (WFCameraCaptureDevice)#>, quality: <#Type (WFCameraCaptureQuality)#>, start: <#Type (WFRecordingStart)#>)
takeVideo(camera: Back, quality: Medium, start: Imediately)


Saving mynah
Queen Cassowary spoke to the gathering of the urgent need to save the Balinese mynah.
by Geeta DoctorThe story so far: Each species elects a leader or a couple to represent them in Bali.
For the birds of the Indian sub-continent, the take-off point was Meghalaya, the land of clouds. They flew in the thousands, high above the monsoon winds. When they crossed the oceans, the blue whales showed them the way to the island of Bali.
There was a long floating tunnel made of woven goose quills for those who could not fly. It was lined inside with the soft breast feathers of swans. Bar headed snow geese from Canada, Siberian cranes and storks with their long beaks held the tunnel up in slings. It was a flying caravan of birds. Smartly dressed bulbuls in black and red stood at the entrance, greeting the passengers and singing out their garbled messages of welcome.
As each contingent landed at Denpasar, the airport at Bali, there were long lines of reception committees holding up placards to direct them.
“Welcome to Parlez-vous. We speak the language of birds,” sang flying ribbons of cockatoos and parakeets from the South Americas as the visitors entered the main venue. The Master of Ceremonies was an African grey, dressed in an elegant coat-tail of grey raw silk, with a red cravat around his neck. He could speak in several different tongues.
In a shriek, a band of Australian magpies welcomed the audience. They too were great mimics. They could sing the national anthem of the different countries.
Queen’s announcement
Queen Cassowary stepped onto the stage. She held up a silver cage with her clawed foot. “Tonight, I want you to think of how to save this tiny creature, the most endangered of the mynah species — the Balinese mynah.”
As the visitors surged forward, they saw that in the cage was the most exquisite of mynahs, small and trim. She was as white as a moonbeam on a clear night. She had a long drooping crest that swept back from her forehead, black tips on her wings and tail and long kohl-rimmed eyes. Below them, her neck was bare and painted a pale opal blue. Her beak and feet were a lemon yellow.
To be continued


The aim of this project is to develop a code for simulating the solar system using a widely popular algorithm for solving coupled ordinary differential equations, the so-called velocity Verlet algorithm. An important aspect of this project is to be able to object orient your code. There are several coupled ordinary differenatial equations where the basic equations, except for various physical constants and variables, are rather similar. Thus, write once and run many times, one of the central points of object orientation, is something which makes our program easier to extend and build upon when we add more planets or moons or other astronomical objects. The basic equations which govern the system are rather simple, a set of coupled equations that codify Newton's law of motion due the gravitational force.
In the first part however, we will limit ourselves (in order to test the algorithm) to a hypothetical solar system with the Earth only orbiting around the sun. The only force in the problem is gravity. Newton's law of gravitation is given by a force \( F_G \) \[ F_G=\frac{GM_{\odot}M_{\mathrm{Earth}}}{r^2}, \] where \( M_{\odot} \) is the mass of the Sun and \( M_{\mathrm{Earth}} \) is the mass of the Earth. The gravitational constant is \( G \) and \( r \) is the distance between the Earth and the Sun. We assume that the Sun has a mass which is much larger than that of the Earth. We can therefore safely neglect the motion of the Sun in this problem. In the first part of this project, your aim is to compute the motion of the the Earth using different methods for solving ordinary differential equations.
We assume that the orbit of the Earth around the Sun is co-planar, and we take this to be the \( xy \)-plane. Using Newton's second law of motion we get the following equations \[ \frac{d^2x}{dt^2}=\frac{F_{G,x}}{M_{\mathrm{Earth}}}, \] and \[ \frac{d^2y}{dt^2}=\frac{F_{G,y}}{M_{\mathrm{Earth}}}, \] where \( F_{G,x} \) and \( F_{G,y} \) are the \( x \) and \( y \) components of the gravitational force.
We will use so-called astronomical units when rewriting our equations. Using astronomical units (AU as abbreviation)it means that one astronomical unit of length, known as 1 AU, is the average distance between the Sun and Earth, that is \( 1 \) AU = \( 1.5\times 10^{11} \) m. It can also be convenient to use years instead of seconds since years match better the time evolution of the solar system. The mass of the Sun is \( M_{\mathrm{sun}}=M_{\odot}=2\times 10^{30} \) kg. The masses of all relevant planets and their distances from the sun are listed in the table here in kg and AU.
| Planet | Mass in kg | Distance to sun in AU |
|---|---|---|
| Earth | \( M_{\mathrm{Earth}}=6\times 10^{24} \) kg | 1AU |
| Jupiter | \( M_{\mathrm{Jupiter}}=1.9\times 10^{27} \) kg | 5.20 AU |
| Mars | \( M_{\mathrm{Mars}}=6.6\times 10^{23} \) kg | 1.52 AU |
| Venus | \( M_{\mathrm{Venus}}=4.9\times 10^{24} \) kg | 0.72 AU |
| Saturn | \( M_{\mathrm{Saturn}}=5.5\times 10^{26} \) kg | 9.54 AU |
| Mercury | \( M_{\mathrm{Mercury}}=3.3\times 10^{23} \) kg | 0.39 AU |
| Uranus | \( M_{\mathrm{Uranus}}=8.8\times 10^{25} \) kg | 19.19 AU |
| Neptun | \( M_{\mathrm{Neptun}}=1.03\times 10^{26} \) kg | 30.06 AU |
| Pluto | \( M_{\mathrm{Pluto}}=1.31\times 10^{22} \) kg | 39.53 AU |
Pluto is no longer considered a planet, but we add it here for historical reasons. It is optional in this project to include Pluto and eventual moons.
In setting up the equations we can limit ourselves to a co-planar motion and use only the \( x \) and \( y \) coordinates. But you should feel free to extend your equations to three dimensions, it is not very difficult and the data from NASA are all in three dimensions.
NASA has an excellent site at http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi#top. From there you can extract initial conditions in order to start your differential equation solver. At the above website you need to change from OBSERVER to VECTOR and then write in the planet you are interested in. The generated data contain the \( x \), \( y \) and \( z \) values as well as their corresponding velocities. The velocities are in units of AU per day. Alternatively they can be obtained in terms of km and km/s.
For the first system below involving only the Earth and the Sun, you could just initialize the position with say \( x=1 \) AU and \( y=0 \) AU.
For this project you can collaborate with fellow students and you can hand in a common report. This project (together with projects 3 and 4) counts 1/3 of the final mark.
We assume that mass units can be obtained by using the fact that Earth's orbit is almost circular around the Sun. For circular motion we know that the force must obey the following relation \[ F_G= \frac{M_{\mathrm{Earth}}v^2}{r}=\frac{GM_{\odot}M_{\mathrm{Earth}}}{r^2}, \] where \( v \) is the velocity of Earth. The latter equation can be used to show that \[ v^2r=GM_{\odot}=4\pi^2\mathrm{AU}^3/\mathrm{yr}^2. \] Discretize the above differential equations and set up an algorithm for solving these equations using Euler's forward algorithm and the so-called velocity Verlet method discussed in the lecture notes and lecture slides (see for example chapter 8 of the lecture notes).
Write then a program which solves the above differential equations for the Earth-Sun system using Euler's method and the velocity Verlet method. Write these codes without object orientation first in order to make sure everything is running correctly. Thereafter you should start planning to object orient your code. Try to figure out which parts and operations could be written as classes and generalized. Your task here is to think of the program flow and figure out which parts can be abstracted and reused for many types of operations.
Find out which initial value for the velocity that gives a circular orbit and test the stability of your algorithm as function of different time steps \( \Delta t \). Make a plot of the results you obtain for the position of the Earth (plot the \( x \) and \( y \) values and/or if you prefer to use three dimensions the \( z \)-value as well) orbiting the Sun.
Check also for the case of a circular orbit that both the kinetic and the potential energies are conserved. Check also if the angular momentum is conserved. Explain why these quantities should be conserved.
Discuss eventual differences between the Verlet algorithm and the Euler algorithm. Consider also the number of FLOPs involved and perform a timing of the two algorithms for equal final times.
We will use the velocity Verlet algorithm in the remaining part of the project.
Consider then a planet which begins at a distance of 1 AU from the sun. Find out by trial and error what the initial velocity must be in order for the planet to escape from the sun. Can you find an exact answer? How does that match your numerical results?
Try also to change the gravitional force, by replacing \[ F_G=\frac{GM_{\odot}M_{\mathrm{Earth}}}{r^2}, \] with \[ F_G=\frac{GM_{\odot}M_{\mathrm{Earth}}}{r^{\beta}}, \] where you let \( \beta\in [2,3] \). What happens to the earth-sun system when \( \beta \) creeps towards \( 3 \)? Comment your results.
We will now study the three-body problem, still with the Sun kept fixed as the center of mass of the system but including Jupiter (the most massive planet in the solar system, having a mass that is approximately 1000 times smaller than that of the Sun) together with the Earth. This leads to a three-body problem. Without Jupiter, the Earth's motion is stable and unchanging with time. The aim here is to find out how much Jupiter alters the Earth's motion.
The program you have developed can easily be modified by simply adding the magnitude of the force betweem the Earth and Jupiter.
This force is given again by \[ F_{\mathrm{Earth-Jupiter}}=\frac{GM_{\mathrm{Jupiter}}M_{\mathrm{Earth}}}{r_{\mathrm{Earth-Jupiter}}^2}, \] where \( M_{\mathrm{Jupiter}} \) is the mass of the sun and \( M_{\mathrm{Earth}} \) is the mass of Earth. The gravitational constant is \( G \) and \( r_{\mathrm{Earth-Jupiter}} \) is the distance between Earth and Jupiter.
We assume again that the orbits of the two planets are co-planar, and we take this to be the \( xy \)-plane (you can easily extend the equations to three dimensions). Modify your first-order differential equations in order to accomodate both the motion of the Earth and Jupiter by taking into account the distance in \( x \) and \( y \) between the Earth and Jupiter. Set up the algorithm and plot the positions of the Earth and Jupiter using the velocity Verlet algorithm. Discuss the stability of the solutions using your Verlet solver.
Repeat the calculations by increasing the mass of Jupiter by a factor of 10 and 1000 and plot the position of the Earth. Study again the stability of the Verlet solver.
Finally, using our Verlet solver, we carry out a real three-body calculation where all three systems, the Earth, Jupiter and the Sun are in motion. To do this, choose the center-of-mass position of the three-body system as the origin rather than the position of the sun. Give the Sun an initial velocity which makes the total momentum of the system exactly zero (the center-of-mass will remain fixed). Compare these results with those from the previous exercise and comment your results. Extend your program to include all planets in the solar system (if you have time, you can also include the various moons, but it is not required) and discuss your results. Use the above NASA link to set up the initial positions and velocities for all planets.
An important test of the general theory of relativity was to compare its prediction for the perihelion precession of Mercury to the observed value. The observed value of the perihelion precession, when all classical effects (such as the perturbation of the orbit due to gravitational attraction from the other planets) are subtracted, is \( 43'' \) (\( 43 \) arc seconds) per century.
Closed elliptical orbits are a special feature of the Newtonian \( 1/r^2 \) force. In general, any correction to the pure \( 1/r^2 \) behaviour will lead to an orbit which is not closed, i.e. after one complete orbit around the Sun, the planet will not be at exactly the same position as it started. If the correction is small, then each orbit around the Sun will be almost the same as the classical ellipse, and the orbit can be thought of as an ellipse whose orientation in space slowly rotates. In other words, the perihelion of the ellipse slowly precesses around the Sun.
You will now study the orbit of Mercury around the Sun, adding a general relativistic correction to the Newtonian gravitational force, so that the force becomes \[ F_G = \frac{GM_\mathrm{Sun}M_\mathrm{Mercury}}{r^2}\left[1 + \frac{3l^2}{r^2c^2}\right] \] where \( M_\mathrm{Mercury} \) is the mass of Mercury, \( r \) is the distance between Mercury and the Sun, \( l=|\vec{r}\times\vec{v}| \) is the magnitude of Mercury's orbital angular momentum per unit mass, and \( c \) is the speed of light in vacuum. Run a simulation over one century of Mercury's orbit around the Sun with no other planets present, starting with Mercury at perihelion on the \( x \) axis. Check then the value of the perihelion angle \( \theta_\mathrm{p} \), using \[ \tan \theta_\mathrm{p} = \frac{y_\mathrm{p}}{x_\mathrm{p}} \] where \( x_\mathrm{p} \) (\( y_\mathrm{p} \)) is the \( x \) (\( y \)) position of Mercury at perihelion, i.e. at the point where Mercury is at its closest to the Sun. You may use that the speed of Mercury at perihelion is \( 12.44\,\mathrm{AU}/\mathrm{yr} \), and that the distance to the Sun at perihelion is \( 0.3075\,\mathrm{AU} \). You need to make sure that the time resolution used in your simulation is sufficient, for example by checking that the perihelion precession you get with a pure Newtonian force is at least a few orders of magnitude smaller than the observed perihelion precession of Mercury. Can the observed perihelion precession of Mercury be explained by the general theory of relativity?
Here follows a brief recipe and recommendation on how to write a report for each project.
The preferred format for the report is a PDF file. You can also use DOC or postscript formats or as an ipython notebook file. As programming language we prefer that you choose between C/C++, Fortran2008 or Python. The following prescription should be followed when preparing the report:


#include <vega/dicom/raw_writer.h>
◆ RawWriter()
| vega::dicom::RawWriter::RawWriter |
( |
std::shared_ptr< std::ostream > |
os | ) |
|
|
explicit |
◆ dicom_endian()
| const Endian& vega::dicom::RawWriter::dicom_endian |
( |
| ) |
const |
◆ seek_delta()
| void vega::dicom::RawWriter::seek_delta |
( |
std::streampos |
delta | ) |
|
◆ seek_pos()
| void vega::dicom::RawWriter::seek_pos |
( |
std::streampos |
pos | ) |
|
◆ set_dicom_endianness()
| void vega::dicom::RawWriter::set_dicom_endianness |
( |
const Endian & |
dicom_endian | ) |
|
◆ set_vr_explicit()
| void vega::dicom::RawWriter::set_vr_explicit |
( |
bool |
vr_explicit | ) |
|
◆ tell()
| std::streampos vega::dicom::RawWriter::tell |
( |
| ) |
|
◆ vr_explicit()
| bool vega::dicom::RawWriter::vr_explicit |
( |
| ) |
const |
◆ write_from() [1/5]
template<typename Iter >
| size_t vega::dicom::RawWriter::write_from |
( |
Iter |
begin, |
|
|
Iter |
end |
|
) |
| |
|
inline |
◆ write_from() [2/5]
template<typename T >
| size_t vega::dicom::RawWriter::write_from |
( |
const T * |
val | ) |
|
◆ write_from() [3/5]
template<typename T >
| size_t vega::dicom::RawWriter::write_from |
( |
const T & |
val | ) |
|
|
inline |
◆ write_from() [4/5]
template<>
| size_t vega::dicom::RawWriter::write_from |
( |
const Tag & |
tag | ) |
|
◆ write_from() [5/5]
template<>
| size_t vega::dicom::RawWriter::write_from |
( |
const VR & |
vr | ) |
|
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


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Houston Rockets star James Harden on course to surpass NBA legend Michael Jordan
James Harden is the NBA's top scorer in each of the last two seasons and with an average of 38.3 points per game - Michael Jordan's best was only 37.1
by Keith Webster, https://www.mirror.co.uk/authors/keith-webster/James Harden is on course to do something not even the great Michael Jordan achieved in his illustrious NBA career.
The Houston Rockets shooting guard has been the top scorer in the league for the past two seasons and has started this one in sensational form.
Harden is averaging an astonishing 38.3 points per game. The last time anyone came close to those kinds of numbers was when Jordan led the league with 37.1 in 1986-87.
And you have to go all the way back to 1962-63 to find anyone better when the great Wilt Chamberlain averaged 44.8 a year after he averaged 50.4.
Harden’s scoring this season becomes all the more remarkable when you consider teams are putting two defenders on him most of the time.
He said: “It’s been like that the whole season. They’ve been running double teams on me. I’ve never seen anything like that.”
The Rockets have won 11 and lost five this season and host the Dallas Mavericks (10-5) tonight, with Harden saying squad depth is helping them through an injury crisis.
“This first 16 games, we’ve had six guys out. But we have a very good team – one guy goes down and the next guy steps up, and we’re ready to go again on Sunday.”
Lu: My Kind Of Town
Great Britain star Luol Deng was honoured by the Bulls last week when they paid a video tribute to him during their game against Detroit.
Deng, who spent 10 of his 15 seasons in Chicago and retired this year, said: “Chicago means a lot to me, coming here as a young man of 19.
"I lived in Chicago longer than anywhere else in the world. When you go somewhere else, you start to realise not every city is like Chicago.”
Watch out for: Marvin Bagley
The second overall pick in the 2018 draft, Bagley released his latest hip-hop album in August, but it is his team-leading 10 rebounds per game plus 14 points per game that the Kings are excited about.
Coming up on UK primetime
Dallas @ Houston, Sky Sports Arena, Sunday 24th November, 8:30pm
Denver @ Sacramento, Sky Sports Arena, Saturday 30th November, 10pm