Redux is a state container for JavaScript apps.
devarchy.com/redux
Aims to improve the overall structure of the source code. Makes reasoning about the code easier.
Side Effects / Asynchronous Actions
Aims to make parts of the source code easier to read/write.
Boilerplates / Scaffolds / Starter Kits / Generators / Stack Ensembles
Redux's concepts
Redux official documentation does a great job at explaining Redux's core principles.
Why immutable data structures
The guide on performance of React's official documentation explains well what immutable data structures are and why they play an important role.
Side Effects
Redux Loop's readme gives a good insight on Side Effects in the context of Redux.
Reading the aforementioned material will get you a good start for writing apps with Redux.
If you are curious for more, check out following resources.
Functional Programming - Basics
This post goes over basic concepts of functional programming while building a YouTube instant search demo app.
Reactive Programming
This introduction to Reactive Programming explains Reactive Programming with clarity.
Functional Programming - Going beyond
Well written article that talks about interesting computer science concepts implemented in functional languages and how these apply to JavaScript.
Monads
Curious about monads? Wikipedia gives a good overview on monads and this article explains monads in more details with graphics and simple examples.
Introduction > Getting Started: First steps with React Redux
React Redux is the official React UI bindings layer for Redux. It lets your React components read data from a Redux store, and dispatch actions to the store to update state.
React Redux 7.1+ requires React 16.8.3 or later, in order to make use of React Hooks.
The recommended way to start new apps with React and Redux is by using the official Redux+JS template or Redux+TS template for Create React App, which takes advantage of Redux Toolkit and React Redux's integration with React components.
To use React Redux with your React app, install it as a dependency:
You'll also need to install Redux and set up a Redux store in your app.
If you are using TypeScript, the React Redux types are maintained separately in DefinitelyTyped, but included as
a dependency of the react-redux
package, so they should be installed
automatically. If you still need
to install them manually, run:
Provider
#React Redux includes a <Provider />
component, which makes the Redux store
available to the
rest of your app:
React Redux provides a pair of custom React hooks that allow your React components to interact with the Redux store.
useSelector
reads a value from the store state and subscribes to updates, while
useDispatch
returns the store's dispatch
method to let you dispatch actions.
Redux maintainer Mark Erikson appeared on the "Learn with Jason" show to explain how we recommend using Redux today. The show includes a live-coded example app that shows how to use Redux Toolkit and React-Redux hooks with Typescript, as well as the new RTK Query data fetching APIs.
See the "Learn Modern Redux" show notes page for a transcript and links to the example app source.
The #redux channel of the Reactiflux Discord community is our official resource for all questions related to learning and using Redux. Reactiflux is a great place to hang out, ask questions, and learn - come join us!
You can also ask questions on Stack Overflow using the #redux tag.
Welcome to the Redux Essentials tutorial! This tutorial will introduce you to Redux and teach you how to use it the right way, using our latest recommended tools and best practices. By the time you finish, you should be able to start building your own Redux applications using the tools and patterns you've learned here.
In Part 1 of this tutorial, we'll cover the key concepts and terms you need to know to use Redux, and in Part 2: Redux App Structure we'll examine a basic React + Redux app to see how the pieces fit together.
Starting in Part 3: Basic Redux Data Flow, we'll use that knowledge to build a small social media feed app with some real-world features, see how those pieces actually work in practice, and talk about some important patterns and guidelines for using Redux.
This page will focus on showing you how to use Redux the right way, and explain just enough of the concepts so that you can understand how to build Redux apps correctly.
We've tried to keep these explanations beginner-friendly, but we do need to make some assumptions about what you know already:
If you're not already comfortable with those topics, we encourage you to take some time to become comfortable with them first, and then come back to learn about Redux. We'll be here when you're ready!
You should make sure that you have the React and Redux DevTools extensions installed in your browser:
It helps to understand what this "Redux" thing is in the first place. What does it do? What problems does it help me solve? Why would I want to use it?
Redux is a pattern and library for managing and updating application state, using events called "actions". It serves as a centralized store for state that needs to be used across your entire application, with rules ensuring that the state can only be updated in a predictable fashion.
Redux helps you manage "global" state - state that is needed across many parts of your application.
The patterns and tools provided by Redux make it easier to understand when, where, why, and how the state in your application is being updated, and how your application logic will behave when those changes occur. Redux guides you towards writing code that is predictable and testable, which helps give you confidence that your application will work as expected.
Redux helps you deal with shared state management, but like any tool, it has tradeoffs. There are more concepts to learn, and more code to write. It also adds some indirection to your code, and asks you to follow certain restrictions. It's a trade-off between short term and long term productivity.
Redux is more useful when:
Not all apps need Redux. Take some time to think about the kind of app you're building, and decide what tools would be best to help solve the problems you're working on.
Redux is a small standalone JS library. However, it is commonly used with several other packages:
Redux can integrate with any UI framework, and is most frequently used with React. React-Redux is our official package that lets your React components interact with a Redux store by reading pieces of state and dispatching actions to update the store.
Redux Toolkit is our recommended approach for writing Redux logic. It contains packages and functions that we think are essential for building a Redux app. Redux Toolkit builds in our suggested best practices, simplifies most Redux tasks, prevents common mistakes, and makes it easier to write Redux applications.
The Redux DevTools Extension shows a history of the changes to the state in your Redux store over time. This allows you to debug your applications effectively, including using powerful techniques like "time-travel debugging".
Before we dive into some actual code, let's talk about some of the terms and concepts you'll need to know to use Redux.
Let's start by looking at a small React counter component. It tracks a number in component state, and increments the number when a button is clicked:
It is a self-contained app with the following parts:
This is a small example of "one-way data flow":
However, the simplicity can break down when we have multiple components that need to share and use the same state, especially if those components are located in different parts of the application. Sometimes this can be solved by "lifting state up" to parent components, but that doesn't always help.
One way to solve this is to extract the shared state from the components, and put it into a centralized location outside the component tree. With this, our component tree becomes a big "view", and any component can access the state or trigger actions, no matter where they are in the tree!
By defining and separating the concepts involved in state management and enforcing rules that maintain independence between views and states, we give our code more structure and maintainability.
This is the basic idea behind Redux: a single centralized place to contain the global state in your application, and specific patterns to follow when updating that state to make the code predictable.
"Mutable" means "changeable". If something is "immutable", it can never be changed.
JavaScript objects and arrays are all mutable by default. If I create an object, I can change the contents of its fields. If I create an array, I can change the contents as well:
This is called mutating the object or array. It's the same object or array reference in memory, but now the contents inside the object have changed.
In order to update values immutably, your code must make copies of existing objects/arrays, and then modify the copies.
We can do this by hand using JavaScript's array / object spread operators, as well as array methods that return new copies of the array instead of mutating the original array:
Redux expects that all state updates are done immutably. We'll look at where and how this is important a bit later, as well as some easier ways to write immutable update logic.
There are some important Redux terms that you'll need to be familiar with before we continue:
An action is a plain JavaScript object that has a type
field.
You can think
of an action as an event that describes something that happened in the application.
The type
field should be a string that gives this action a descriptive name,
like
"todos/todoAdded"
. We usually write that type string like
"domain/eventName"
, where the first part is the feature or category that this action
belongs to, and the second part is the specific thing that happened.
An action object can have other fields with additional information about what happened. By convention, we put
that information in a field called payload
.
A typical action object might look like this:
An action creator is a function that creates and returns an action object. We typically use these so we don't have to write the action object by hand every time:
A reducer is a function that receives the current state
and an
action
object, decides how to update the state if necessary, and returns the new state:
(state, action) => newState
. You can think of a reducer as an event
listener which handles
events based on the received action (event) type.
"Reducer" functions get their name because they're similar to the kind of callback function you
pass to the Array.reduce()
method.
Reducers must always follow some specific rules:
state
and action
argumentsstate
. Instead, they must make
immutable
updates, by copying the existing state
and making changes to the copied
values.
We'll talk more about the rules of reducers later, including why they're important and how to follow them correctly.
The logic inside reducer functions typically follows the same series of steps:
Here's a small example of a reducer, showing the steps that each reducer should follow:
Reducers can use any kind of logic inside to decide what the new state should be: if/else
,
switch
, loops, and so on.
The Array.reduce()
method lets you take an array of values, process each item in the array one at a time, and return a single final
result. You can think of it as "reducing the array down to one value".
Array.reduce()
takes a callback function as an argument, which will be called
one time for each item
in the array. It takes two arguments:
previousResult
, the value that your callback returned last timecurrentItem
, the current item in the arrayThe first time that the callback runs, there isn't a previousResult
available, so we need to
also pass in an initial value that will be used as the first previousResult
.
If we wanted to add together an array of numbers to find out what the total is, we could write a reduce callback that looks like this:
Notice that this addNumbers
"reduce callback" function doesn't
need to keep track of
anything itself. It takes the previousResult
and currentItem
arguments, does something
with them, and returns a new result value.
A Redux reducer function is exactly the same idea as this "reduce callback" function!
It takes a "previous result" (the state
), and the "current
item" (the
action
object), decides a new state value based on those arguments, and returns
that new state.
If we were to create an array of Redux actions, call reduce()
, and pass in a
reducer function,
we'd get a final result the same way:
We can say that Redux reducers reduce a set of actions (over time) into a single state. The
difference is that with Array.reduce()
it happens all at once, and with Redux, it
happens over the
lifetime of your running app.
The current Redux application state lives in an object called the store .
The store is created by passing in a reducer, and has a method called getState
that returns the
current state value:
The Redux store has a method called dispatch
. The only way to update the
state is to call
store.dispatch()
and pass in an action object. The store will run its
reducer function and
save the new state value inside, and we can call getState()
to retrieve the
updated value:
You can think of dispatching actions as "triggering an event" in the application. Something happened, and we want the store to know about it. Reducers act like event listeners, and when they hear an action they are interested in, they update the state in response.
We typically call action creators to dispatch the right action:
Selectors are functions that know how to extract specific pieces of information from a store state value. As an application grows bigger, this can help avoid repeating logic as different parts of the app need to read the same data:
Earlier, we talked about "one-way data flow", which describes this sequence of steps to update the app:
For Redux specifically, we can break these steps into more detail:
state
dispatch({type: 'counter/increment'})
state
and the
current
action
, and saves the return value as the new state
Here's what that data flow looks like visually:
Redux does have a number of new terms and concepts to remember. As a reminder, here's what we just covered:
type
field, and describe
"what happened"
in the appWe've seen each of the individual pieces of a Redux app. Next, continue on to Part 2: Redux App Structure, where we'll look at a full working example to see how the pieces fit together.
Lately one of the biggest debates in the frontend world has been about Redux. Not long after its release, Redux became one of the hottest topics of discussion. Many favored it while others pointed out issues.
Redux allows you to manage your app’s state in a single place and keep changes in your app more predictable and traceable. It makes it easier to reason about changes occurring in your app. But all of these benefits come with tradeoffs and constraints. One might feel it adds up boilerplate code, making simple things a little overwhelming; but that depends upon the architecture decisions.
One simple answer to this question is you will realize for yourself when you need Redux. If you’re still confused as to whether you need it, you don’t. This usually happens when your app grows to the scale where managing app state becomes a hassle; and you start looking out for making it easy and simple.
State management is essentially a way to facilitate communication and sharing of data across components. It creates a tangible data structure to represent the state of your app that you can read from and write to. That way, you can see otherwise invisible states while you’re working with them.
Most libraries, such as React, Angular, etc. are built with a way for components to internally manage their state without any need for an external library or tool. It does well for applications with few components, but as the application grows bigger, managing states shared across components becomes a chore.
In an app where data is shared among components, it might be confusing to actually know where a state should live. Ideally, the data in a component should live in just one component, so sharing data among sibling components becomes difficult.
For instance, in React, to share data among siblings, a state has to live in the parent component. A method for updating this state is provided by the parent component and passed as props to these sibling components.
Here’s a simple example of a login component in React. The input of the login component affects what is displayed by its sibling component, the status component:
class App extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = { userStatus: "NOT LOGGED IN" };
this.setStatus = this.setStatus.bind(this);
}
setStatus(username, password) {
const newUsers = users;
newUsers.map((user) => {
if (user.username == username && user.password === password) {
this.setState({
userStatus: "LOGGED IN",
});
}
});
}
render() {
return (
{" "}
);
}
}
>
Remember, this data is not needed by the parent component, but because its children need to share data, it has to provide a state.
Now imagine what happens when a state has to be shared between components that are far apart in the component tree. The state has to be passed from one component to another until it gets to where it is needed.
Basically, the state will have to be lifted up to the nearest parent component and to the next until it gets to an ancestor that is common to both components that need the state, and then it is passed down. This makes the state difficult to maintain and less predictable. It also means passing data to components that do not need it.
It’s clear that state management gets messy as the app gets complex. This is why you need a state management tool like Redux that makes it easier to maintain these states. Let’s get a good overview of Redux concepts before considering its benefits.
The way Redux works is simple. There is a central store that holds the entire state of the application. Each component can access the stored state without having to send down props from one component to another.
There are three building parts: actions, store, and reducers. Let’s briefly discuss what each of them does. This is important because they help you understand the benefits of Redux and how it’s to be used. We’ll be implementing a similar example to the login component above but this time in Redux.
Simply put, actions are events. They are the only way you can send data from your application to your Redux store. The data can be from user interactions, API calls, or even form submissions.
Actions are sent using the store.dispatch()
method. Actions are plain JavaScript
objects, and they
must have a type property to indicate the type of action to be carried out. They must also have a payload that
contains the information that should be worked on by the action. Actions are created via an action creator.
Here’s an example of an action that can be carried out during login in an app:
{ type: "LOGIN", payload: { username: "foo", password: "bar" } }
Here is an example of its action creator:
const setLoginStatus = (name, password) => { return { type: "LOGIN", payload: { username: "foo", password: "bar" } } }
As explained earlier, the action must contain the type property and then the other payload to be stored.
Reducers are pure functions that take the current state of an application, perform an action, and return a new state. These states are stored as objects, and they specify how the state of an application changes in response to an action sent to the store.
It is based on the reduce
function in JavaScript, where a single value is
calculated from multiple
values after a callback function has been carried out.
Here is an example of how reducers work in Redux:
const LoginComponent = (state = initialState, action) => { switch (action.type) { case "LOGIN": return state.map(user => { if (user.username !== action.username) { return user; } if (user.password == action.password) { return { ...user, login_status: "LOGGED IN" } } }); default: return state; } };
Reducers take the previous state of the app and return a new state based on the action passed to it.
As pure functions, they do not change the data in the object passed to them or perform any side effect in the application. Given the same object, they should always produce the same result.
The store holds the application state. It is highly recommended to keep only one store in any Redux application. You can access the state stored, update the state, and register or unregister listeners via helper methods.
Let’s create a store for our login app:
const store = createStore(LoginComponent);
Actions performed on the state always return a new state. Thus, the state is very easy and predictable.
Now that we know a little more about Redux, let’s go back to our login component example that was implemented earlier and see how Redux can improve the component.
class App extends React.Component { render() { return (
With Redux, there’s one general state in the store, and each component has access to the state. This eliminates the need to continuously pass state from one component to another. You can also select the slice from the store for a particular component; this makes your app more optimized.
Redux allows developers to intercept all actions dispatched from components before they are passed to the reducer function. This interception is done via middlewares.
Building on the example Login component discussed in the last section, we might want to sanitize the user’s input before it reaches our store for further processing. This can be achieved via Redux middleware.
Technically, middlewares are functions that call the next method received in an argument after processing the current action. These are called after every dispatch.
Here’s what a simple middleware looks like:
function simpleMiddleware({ getState, dispatch }) { return function(next){ return function(action){ const nextAction = next(action); const state = getState(); return nextAction; } } }
This might look a little overwhelming, but in most cases, you might not need to create your own middleware since the huge Redux community has already made a number of them available. If you feel middleware is required, you will enjoy it because it gives you a lot of power to do tons of great work with the best abstraction.
When using Redux with React, states will no longer need to be lifted up. This makes it easier for you to trace which action causes any change.
As you can see in the example above, the component does not need to provide any state or method for its children components to share data among themselves. Everything is handled by Redux. This greatly simplifies the app and makes it easier to maintain.
This is the primary reason why you should use Redux, but it’s not the only benefit. Take a look at the list below for a summary of what you stand to gain by using Redux for state management.
In Redux, the state is always predictable. If the same state and action are passed to a reducer, the same result is always produced because reducers are pure functions. The state is also immutable and is never changed. This makes it possible to implement arduous tasks like infinite undo and redo. It is also possible to implement time travel — that is, the ability to move back and forth among the previous states and view the results in real time.
Redux is strict about how code should be organized, which makes it easier for someone with knowledge of Redux to understand the structure of any Redux application. This generally makes it easier to maintain. This also helps you segregate your business logic from your component tree. For large scale apps, it’s critical to keep your app more predictable and maintainable.
Redux makes it easy to debug an application. By logging actions and state, it is easy to understand coding errors, network errors, and other forms of bugs that might come up during production.
Besides logging, it has great DevTools that allow you to time-travel actions, persist actions on page refresh, etc. For medium- and large-scale apps, debugging takes more time then actually developing features. Redux DevTools makes it easy to taker advantage of all Redux has to offer.
You might assume that keeping the app’s state global would result in some performance degradation. To a large extent, that’s not the case.
React Redux implements many performance optimizations internally so that your own connected component only rerenders when it actually needs to.
It is easy to test Redux apps since functions used to change the state of pure functions.
You can persist some of the app’s state to local storage and restore it after a refresh. This can be really nifty.
Redux can also be used for server-side rendering. With it, you can handle the initial render of the app by sending the state of an app to the server along with its response to the server request. The required components are then rendered in HTML and sent to the clients.
The LogRocket Redux middleware package adds an extra layer of visibility into your user sessions. LogRocket logs all actions and state from your Redux stores.
We have discussed the major features of Redux and why Redux is beneficial to your app. While Redux has its benefits, that does not mean you should go about adding Redux in all of your apps. Your application might still work well without Redux.
One major benefit of Redux is to add direction to decouple “what happened” from “how things change.” However, you should only implement Redux if you determine your project needs a state management tool.


Returns a unit, which is a base for include reference.
This method should be called when a node may potentially hbe defined in several units
at once (in case of expansion) and caller needs a unit, which is a base for this node's
include statement.
If this node has no include statement, return value of the method should be equal to the result of
unit() method call.
Returns a unit, which is a base for include reference. This method should be called when a node may potentially hbe defined in several units at once (in case of expansion) and caller needs a unit, which is a base for this node's include statement.
If this node has no include statement, return value of the method should be equal to the result of unit() method call.


Dynallery version 0.1
Very, Very, Very Open For Everyone!
We was created the "poor" javascript coding with excellent concept for advance gallery. It's concept like Google Images. You can see how this work, please enjoy.
If you want contribute in this project, let us know you fork this project first. Set the comfort chair and please bring your idea and fresh algorithm into Dynallery project.


Hi there! 👋
Frontend developer from Oosterhout, The Netherlands.
You can find me on Twitter , Github and Linkedin .
Also, you can read my CV.
Hi there! 👋
Frontend developer from Oosterhout, The Netherlands.
You can find me on Twitter , Github and Linkedin .
Also, you can read my CV.


Hello! My name is Sydney. I am a former management consultant (McKinsey & Co), ed-tech strategist (Khan Academy), world-traveler, and self-taught software engineer. I am passionate about product (design, development, growth), education, writing / reading fiction (fantasy / sci-fi), travel (particularly in Asia), and learning new technologies.
Presently, I am a graduate student at Northwestern studying design and business. I am seeking opportunities closely tied to products and users. Email me.


About
RSS
geekineers
We are the R&D team of 8layer Technologies. Welcome to our blog.
Modelling a dynamic entity-based decision table in an RDBMS


I have been coming across way too much remote Javascript that uses document.write() to insert its contents. From ad providers to video hosting services, it’s common practice to provide a Javascript tag that includes document.write
and tell the site owner to just include it in their page where the ad or content should appear.
This is a great least-common-denominator approach for folks who don’t want to be bothered with understanding how this stuff works. The problem is that when an ad or a video or any other content loaded via remote Javascript needs to appear near the top of the HTML document, before the content, the site user doesn’t see any more content while the browser fetches the file. In the case of one service we tried, the initial script tag actually wrote five more remote script tags, each of which requires a separate HTTP request, amounting to a total delay of more than a second before the content appeared. In the meantime, the user was staring at a near-empty page.
There are various hacks for getting around this, which involve loading the content low on the page and using (yet more) Javascript to move it to the appropriate place once the page has loaded, but they are hacky and not necessarily foolproof when it comes to ads. My initial experiments with doing this with some ad providers led to multiple ads appearing on the page, or to the whole page being replaced with just an ad.
If these services want people to stop complaining that their sites are loading slowly as a result of adding these tags (and perhaps looking at least for solutions that minimize the number of scripts that need to be loaded), it’s time that they expose an API that will allow sites to include their script
tag at the end of the page’s HTML, where it belongs. Then sites could call a method to insert the ad wherever it’s needed, once the content has finished loading.
For example:
1
|
|
I grant that this would require a bit more code from the ad providers (and that their ads would load a little bit later than they do now), but the improvement in user experience would be tremendous, relative to waiting as much as a second or two for the ad — and thus the rest of the page — to load.
–
Update: If you’re looking for a fix to this problem, also check out John Resig’s document.write() rewrite.


THE FIRST KNOWN WARNERS
As descendants we carry genetic material from previous generations. We may carry a name and probably something more. While those genes we inherit determine our physical characteristics, living in a family can determine our outlook, our attitudes and what we believe as each generation passes its beliefs on to the next.
Some part of those who fought against the powerful and mighty for the recognition of fairness, justice and honesty in human relations is in us. While names were not recorded, what they stood for has passed through many generations. They finally placed a list of demands before King John, which said in part:
|
No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land To no one will we sell, to no one deny or delay right or justice. Magna Carta 1215 (also Charta))
Some of our people were a part of a Biblically inspired move- ment for freedom and justice. They often heard echoes of |
|
the opening words of the Magna Carta, Anglicana libera sit Signing Magna Carta
with its call to be the Army of The Church. These opening words have been translated: Know ye, that We, in the presence of God, and for the salvation of our own soul, and of the souls of all our ancestors, and of our heirs, to the honor of God, and the exaltation of the Holy Church and for the rectifying of our realm .
|
The name of Warner appeared among those people where the Angle, Saxon, and Jute tribes migrated from Europe to leader. |
|
The Anglo-Saxons had many myths and Migration routes to
for good luck. They believed in supernatural creatures like
elves, dwarves and giants who often brought harm to
men. Over time they divided the country into kingdoms, each with its own royal
family. The stronger kingdoms often took control
of the weaker kingdoms, and by 600 AD when Christianity came to
This
The name Warn or Warner appears in several early records.
Henri de Warn is mentioned during the reign of Henry VIII. Ythel Warner is
named in Crockerdon Abby records of 1302. Edmond Warner s house was called
Warner Hall in 1360. Edward Warner was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I and
received a land grant in Gettingham,
A direct connection to any of these earliest Warners is yet to be found. The Number (1) will account for these known Warners as possible earlier generations. Number (2) will be left open for Unknown Warners that may be revealed in future research. Thus the first known generation in our line of Warners will be numbered (3) as we begin to record who is known.
In the late 1170s the royal treasurer could write that with
the English and Normans living side-by-side and intermarrying, the peoples have
become so mingled that no-one can tell - as far as free men are concerned - who
is of English and who of
|
The earliest record of this place (1087) describes a town with a castle, a cathedral, and a small settlement, all surrounded by a wall and deep ditch. Except for the cathedral, dwellings were made of wood, with low thatched roofs, walls of planks, and an open hearth in a floor of wood, earth or gravel. It was at this location in 1265 the Battle of Evasham between the land barons and the Royal forces firmly established that there were laws even for the king. Even though the Royal army won this battle, a belief in the law and a growing national unity was developing in the minds of our people. By the middle of the sixteenth century the Warner name was recorded in a number of English parish baptismal records. |
Worchester (see black dot)
The name of Thomas Warner (3) was recorded as the lease
holder of the French Mill and of the Corn Mill in this town
of
These Warners were part of the emerging class of educated free men who demanded protection from the king's excessive control. They were driven with a desire for personal achievement, production and generation of income. The authority of the king had been challenged and they were the beneficiaries of a dawning sense of freedom.
It was the effort of King Edward VI, the son of King Henry VIII who insisted that all of his subjects worship following his uniform protestant Book of Prayer that created more unrest, especially among a growing number of Protestants.
As was the custom at that time, the daughter of Thomas Warner, Johanna (4) had accepted a gift from John and moved into his house. They were considered as married and would have a ceremony at a more convenient time, perhaps before Lent or after the planting season. But for now they, with the help of family, were building a new fulling mill. Perhaps this mill is one of the mills still standing today and often visited by tourists.
Several generations of Warner children were raised in Worchester. They lived in thatched- roof houses with wood floors and fireplaces. They had fruit trees and gardens but did not eat the produce uncooked. In fact eating raw fruit was believed to cause sickness and was banned during an outbreak of the plague in 1569. Most homes did not have a way to heat a quantity of water, so there were many trips to those bathhouses left by the Romans.
King Edward VI died in 1553, and his designated successor,
the protestant Lady Jane Grey, was beheaded after only nine days as queen. Both turmoil and tension increased as her
successor, Queen Mary, was determined to return all
The events of this period may be why our line of Warners is Protestant. Many translations of the Bible were being circulated and some people chose to focus on God as their teacher rather than on human ritual, or outward sacraments. Those who did not follow the formality of the Church of England were called Separatists, Puritians and Presbyterians. Among the Separatists were a growing number of those whose personal experience led them to believe in the possibility of direct communion with the Divine. They scoffed at the formal prayer books, creeds, and doctrines and sought an inward revelation from meditation and scripture.
An early record indicates that the Frances Dennys who married Thomas Warner (5) was a Quaker. She had been raised with those who believed that direct experience of God was available to all people and Christ himself came to teach His people. The discussions between Thomas and Frances most likely led the family in this direction for practicing the Christian faith.
The names of these ancestors were recorded in the Worchestershire Blockley Parish Registers starting about 1585, as required, but later evidence suggests they were among the Separatists. Of paramount interest in our story is the grandson of Thomas and Frances, William (7), who joined the Puritan movement that was to oppose the king. Williams parents, John (6) and Margaret were working the French Mill when James I authorized an official translation of the Bible in 1611. James I died in 1625 and his son Charles I became king just two years before William was born. Charles I had angered the people with his marriage to a devoutly Catholic French princess that further incensed the increasingly Puritan nobility as her foreign Catholic friends flooded into the royal court.
The personal rule of Charles I came to an abrupt end when a
problem in
William Warner (7) continued to serve as Captain under
Oliver Cromwell, who had appointed himself as Lord Protector (he refused the
title of king.) During his time Cromwell established Puritanism and set
In 1660 Charles II, son of Charles I, was restored to the English
throne with the help of the Scottish Presbyterians. Captain William Warner
thought it wise to get his family out of
A Note about the Mills in Worchester:
The Antiquarian Society of Blockley,
Ancestors in
These are the generations that operated the French Mill and
the other mill they built. They lived in Draycott, Blockley Parish,
1 unconnected known Warners
2 unknown Warners
3 Thomas Warner 1470-1535 age 65 m ?
4 Rychard Warner Abt 1500-1546 age 46 m 1537 Johane 1520-1545
5 Thomas Warner 1535-1595 age 60 m 1558 Frances Dennys 1540-1588
6 John Warner 1582-1657 age 75 m 1626 Margaret 1584-1657
7 William Warner 1627-1706 age 79 m 1648 Ann Dide 1627-1703
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12, 13,
14, 15,
16, 17


T
- data typepublic abstract class SQueue<T> extends SROQueue<T>
SList
.
The default capacity is Integer.MAX_VALUE
.
The following are not supported for efficiency reasons:
* Collection.remove(Object)
,
* Collection.removeAll(java.util.Collection)
,
* Collection.retainAll(java.util.Collection)
.| Constructor and Description |
|---|
SQueue() |
capacity, capacity, clearAndAdd, clearAndAddAll, clearAndOffer, clearAndOfferAll, equals, getCapacity, setCapacity
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
isLocked, lock, tryLock, tryLock, unlock, unlock
initialize, isInitialized, isNonNull, isReadOnly


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I’ve always had hopes of being becoming a full fledged programmer. It would be awesome to work for the big companies like Google, Facebook and YouTube; to name a few. But ultimately, I think I speak for everyone when I say that owning a business that you built from the ground-up is the end goal. Specifically, I’d like to start a business with my girlfriend who’s a business and marketing expert.
To tell you the truth, I have a baby-face and I’ve realised that some from the older generation struggle to get along with me. With that said, I’d like to broaden my conversational skills to capture even the most old-fashioned person in the room.
I’m an approachable person who’s always ready to lend a hand. Inversely, I do feel open enough to ask for help if needed and don’t feel the need to hold back. It’s just like the golden rule: “Do as you would be done by”.
Being an extrovert has its cultural limitations. It can be seen in a negative view from the outside even when not meaning to.
It’s a good practice to always skim through the whole course/module/sprint’s content to get a rough estimate of the length of the project and how you can divide those into blocks that would fit your entire program/sprint/day to manage workload by spreading it even.
Knowing how to behave and place yourself when working individually, in pairs, in groups is key to working productively. You don’t need to isolate yourself when working alone but read the room before starting conversations. When working in pairs, you can work in your own bubble and conversations can be held at a moderate level is another example of working productively as a cohort.
Understanding the problem at hand is the first key event when shown a problem.
From there, it’s all about knowing your options to get the answers and the order of how to approach it:
My expectation from the facilitation team is to guide us less and less as we progress through the course to lose the sense of dependency on our part as aspiring, problem-solving developers.