---
license: cc0-1.0
language:
- en
pretty_name: KABR AirData

task_categories:
  - object-detection
  - video-classification

tags:
  - biology
  - ecology
  - wildlife-monitoring
  - drone
  - uav
  - aerial-imagery
  - animal-behavior
  - zebra
  - giraffe
  - kenya
  - savanna

size_categories:
- n<1K  
---

# Dataset Card for KABR AirData Drone Telemetry

## Dataset Details

### Dataset Description

This dataset contains telemetry data from DJI drone flights, exported via the [AirData](https://airdata.com/) platform. The data captures detailed flight parameters including GPS coordinates, altitude, speed, battery status, gimbal orientation, and remote controller inputs. The flights were conducted in January 2023 as part of wildlife monitoring research.

The dataset was developed to analyze optimal drone flight parameters for wildlife behavior research—correlating altitude, speed, and camera settings with data quality and animal disturbance levels.

- **Curated by:** Jenna Kline
- **Language(s):** N/A (numeric telemetry data)
- **License:** cc0-1.0
- **Homepage:** [KABR Project](https://imageomics.github.io/KABR/)
- **Repository:** https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/kabr-airdata
### Supported Tasks

This dataset supports tasks including:

- Analyzing optimal flight parameters (altitude, speed, distance) for wildlife monitoring
- Correlating drone flight behavior with data quality and animal disturbance levels
- Flight path reconstruction and visualization
- Drone performance and battery consumption modeling
- Training autonomous flight systems for wildlife surveys
- Developing best practices for drone-based ecological research

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

The dataset consists of 43 CSV files, each representing a single drone flight session. Files are named with the flight date and time (e.g., `Jan-11th-2023-04-03PM-Flight-Airdata.csv`).

**Date range:** January 10–21, 2023

### Data Fields

Each CSV file contains the following fields:

| Field | Description | Units |
|-------|-------------|-------|
| `time(millisecond)` | Elapsed time since flight start | milliseconds |
| `datetime(utc)` | UTC timestamp of the data point | ISO datetime |
| `latitude` | GPS latitude coordinate | decimal degrees |
| `longitude` | GPS longitude coordinate | decimal degrees |
| `height_above_takeoff(feet)` | Altitude relative to takeoff point | feet |
| `height_above_ground_at_drone_location(feet)` | Altitude above ground level (AGL) | feet |
| `ground_elevation_at_drone_location(feet)` | Ground elevation at drone position | feet |
| `altitude_above_seaLevel(feet)` | Altitude above mean sea level (AMSL) | feet |
| `height_sonar(feet)` | Altitude measured by sonar sensor | feet |
| `speed(mph)` | Ground speed | miles per hour |
| `distance(feet)` | Distance from home point | feet |
| `mileage(feet)` | Total distance traveled | feet |
| `satellites` | Number of GPS satellites locked | count |
| `gpslevel` | GPS signal quality level | categorical |
| `voltage(v)` | Battery voltage | volts |
| `max_altitude(feet)` | Maximum altitude reached in flight | feet |
| `max_ascent(feet)` | Maximum ascent from takeoff | feet |
| `max_speed(mph)` | Maximum speed reached | miles per hour |
| `max_distance(feet)` | Maximum distance from home point | feet |
| `xSpeed(mph)` | Velocity in X direction (forward/backward) | miles per hour |
| `ySpeed(mph)` | Velocity in Y direction (left/right) | miles per hour |
| `zSpeed(mph)` | Velocity in Z direction (up/down) | miles per hour |
| `compass_heading(degrees)` | Compass heading | degrees (0–360) |
| `pitch(degrees)` | Aircraft pitch angle | degrees |
| `roll(degrees)` | Aircraft roll angle | degrees |
| `isPhoto` | Photo capture event flag | boolean |
| `isVideo` | Video recording status flag | boolean |
| `rc_elevator` | Remote controller elevator stick raw value | raw units |
| `rc_aileron` | Remote controller aileron stick raw value | raw units |
| `rc_throttle` | Remote controller throttle stick raw value | raw units |
| `rc_rudder` | Remote controller rudder stick raw value | raw units |
| `rc_elevator(percent)` | Remote controller elevator stick position | percent |
| `rc_aileron(percent)` | Remote controller aileron stick position | percent |
| `rc_throttle(percent)` | Remote controller throttle stick position | percent |
| `rc_rudder(percent)` | Remote controller rudder stick position | percent |
| `gimbal_heading(degrees)` | Camera gimbal heading | degrees |
| `gimbal_pitch(degrees)` | Camera gimbal pitch angle | degrees |
| `gimbal_roll(degrees)` | Camera gimbal roll angle | degrees |
| `battery_percent` | Remaining battery percentage | percent |
| `voltageCell1`–`voltageCell6` | Individual battery cell voltages | volts |
| `current(A)` | Battery current draw | amperes |
| `battery_temperature(f)` | Battery temperature | Fahrenheit |
| `altitude(feet)` | Altitude (redundant field) | feet |
| `ascent(feet)` | Current ascent from takeoff | feet |
| `flycStateRaw` | Raw flight controller state code | numeric code |
| `flycState` | Human-readable flight controller state | string |
| `message` | System messages/events | string |

### Data Splits

This dataset is provided as raw flight logs without predefined splits. Users may split by:

- Date (for temporal analysis)
- Flight duration
- Geographic location

### File List

```
Jan-10th-2023-11-12AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-11th-2023-04-03PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-11th-2023-10-45AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-11th-2023-11-06AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-12th-2023-01-09PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-12th-2023-02-37PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-12th-2023-03-56PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-12th-2023-09-55AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-12th-2023-10-08AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-12th-2023-10-23AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-12th-2023-10-51AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-12th-2023-11-11AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-12th-2023-11-35AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-12th-2023-12-04PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-12th-2023-12-15PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-13th-2023-03-13PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-13th-2023-03-38PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-13th-2023-04-09PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-13th-2023-09-38AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-13th-2023-09-51AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-13th-2023-10-19AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-13th-2023-10-46AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-13th-2023-10-59AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-13th-2023-11-28AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-13th-2023-12-00PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-13th-2023-12-47PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-14th-2023-02-30PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-14th-2023-11-28AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-14th-2023-11-45AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-14th-2023-12-05PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-14th-2023-12-41PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-16th-2023-02-29PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-16th-2023-02-55PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-16th-2023-03-22PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-16th-2023-11-05AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-16th-2023-11-22AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-17th-2023-04-11PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-17th-2023-04-46PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-18th-2023-01-15PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-18th-2023-11-07AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-18th-2023-11-37AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-18th-2023-12-09PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-18th-2023-12-47PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-20th-2023-02-30PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-20th-2023-03-20PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-20th-2023-04-49PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-20th-2023-11-19AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-20th-2023-11-40AM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-20th-2023-12-58PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
Jan-21st-2023-02-49PM-Flight-Airdata.csv
```

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

This dataset was curated to support research into optimal drone flight parameters for wildlife behavior monitoring. By correlating flight telemetry (altitude, speed, distance, camera settings) with data quality outcomes and animal disturbance observations, researchers can develop best practices for drone-based wildlife surveys that maximize scientific value while minimizing impact on study subjects.

### Source Data

#### Data Collection and Processing

The data was collected using DJI drone(s) during field operations. Raw flight logs were recorded by the drone's flight controller and subsequently uploaded to the [AirData](https://airdata.com/) platform for processing and export to CSV format.

**Processing pipeline:**
1. DJI drone records flight data to onboard storage
2. Flight logs uploaded to AirData platform
3. AirData processes and standardizes the telemetry data
4. Data exported as CSV files with standardized column names

#### Who are the source data producers?

- **Hardware:** DJI drone (specific model: DJI Air 2)
- **Processing:** AirData UAV flight analysis platform

### Annotations

#### Annotation process

This dataset contains raw telemetry data with no manual annotations. The `flycState` and `message` fields contain automated system-generated labels.

#### Who are the annotators?

N/A — automated data collection.

### Personal and Sensitive Information

GPS coordinates in this dataset may reveal specific flight locations. Users should consider privacy implications before sharing or publishing derived analyses that could identify sensitive locations.

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Bias, Risks, and Limitations
- **Time zone:** IMPORTANT! The timestamps are in UTC, add +3hrs to synchronize with local Kenya time.
- **Unit inconsistency:** Altitude and distance measurements are in imperial units (feet, mph)
- **GPS accuracy:** Position accuracy depends on satellite visibility and may vary
- **Timestamp accuracy:** UTC timestamps depend on drone GPS time synchronization
- **Missing data:** Some fields may contain null values during GPS acquisition or signal loss
- **Platform-specific:** Data format is specific to AirData exports and may differ from raw DJI logs

### Recommendations

- Convert to local time (+3hr) to synchronize with timestamps derived from SRT files
- Validate GPS coordinates for outliers or erroneous readings
- Consider converting units to metric for consistency with other datasets
- Cross-reference `flycState` values with DJI documentation for interpretation

## Licensing Information

This dataset is dedicated to the public domain for the benefit of scientific pursuits. We ask that you cite the dataset using the citation below if you make use of it in your research.

## Citation

**If you use this dataset, please cite:**

**BibTeX:**

```bibtex
@misc{kline2024kabr_airdata,
  author = {Jenna Kline},
  title = {KABR AirData Drone Telemetry},
  year = {2024},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/kabr-behavior-telemetry}
}
```


## Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the [Imageomics Institute](https://imageomics.org), which is funded by the US National Science Foundation's Harnessing the Data Revolution (HDR) program under [Award #2118240](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2118240) (Imageomics: A New Frontier of Biological Information Powered by Knowledge-Guided Machine Learning). Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

## Glossary

- **AGL:** Above Ground Level
- **AMSL:** Above Mean Sea Level
- **Gimbal:** Stabilized camera mount that maintains orientation independent of drone movement
- **Home point:** GPS location where the drone took off; used as reference for return-to-home functions
- **flycState:** Flight controller state indicating current flight mode (e.g., GPS mode, ATTI mode, landing)

## More Information

- [AirData Platform](https://airdata.com/)
- [DJI Developer Documentation](https://developer.dji.com/)
- [KABR Dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/KABR) — Associated wildlife behavior video dataset
- [Imageomics Institute](https://imageomics.org/)

## Dataset Card Authors

Jenna Kline

## Dataset Card Contact

Jenna Kline