Input: [Number] 275 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This course examines the law and economics of investment advisors, investment companies, mutual funds, and pension funds. These institutions currently manage a large and rapidly increasing share of America's wealth, and further expansion is especially likely with the growing impetus to privatize social security. Yet little is known about their internal organization, the critical contracting and property rights issues they face in financial markets, or the sources of regulation that influence them under the Securities Exchange Act (1934), the Investment Advisors Act (1940), the Investment Company Act (1940), or the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (1974). The course will use basic financial theory and property rights analysis to examine the law that shapes these increasingly vital institutions, with the objective of understanding their internal organization and external environment. This course is an elective in the Corporate and Securities Track. Financial Theory recommended but not required. [Course Name]

Output: Advanced Securities: Law and Economics of Investment Management


Input: [Number] 601 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Covers advanced procedural and substantive topics of trademark law. Course work includes in-depth treatment of complex areas of practice such as protection of trade dress, packaging, and product design, border protection issues, trademark litigation strategies, and recent legal developments in the field of trademark law. Trademark Law is a prerequisite for this class. [Course Name]

Output: Advanced Trademark Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 331 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Continuation of skills of trial and courtroom argument with emphasis on individual technique and jury persuasion. In-depth analysis of criminal and civil cases of complex nature. The course is graded "CR" and Evidence and Trial Advocacy are prerequisites. [Course Name]

Output: Advanced Trial Advocacy


Input: [Number] 348 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Examines the various modes of resolving civil disputes and focuses on alternatives to litigation, including attorney negotiation, mediation, and arbitration. Concentrates on the structure of alternative methods of dispute resolution and implicated legal skills. The ethical considerations for a new model of attorney practice are also considered. [Course Name]

Output: Alternative Dispute Resolution


Input: [Number] 602 [Cr.] 2-3 [Description] This course is an opportunity to examine more closely selected topics surveyed in the “American Legal History Survey” course. The specific content of this course will be determined by the instructors, with input (but not authority) from the students enrolled in the course, and thus the topics and readings will vary from year to year with the interests of the participants. The main idea is to become better students, scholars, and practitioners of American legal history. [Course Name]

Output: American Legal History Seminar


Input: [Number] 379 [Cr.] 2-3 [Description] This is a profession-specific civics course for aspiring lawyers. It is about the evolution of American law and legal institutions from colonial times to the end of the 19th century. By the end of the course you should have anecdotal knowledge of, and a comprehensive appreciation for, the development of courts and their relations with legislatures, executives, interest groups, and the general public; of legislation, regulation, and doctrine; of legal education; and of the organized bar – up to about the year 1900.This course is not an introduction to modern American law or government; rather, students are expected to have an understanding of those subjects sufficiently deep and current to enable them to understand analogical and passing references to modern topics. [Course Name]

Output: American Legal History Survey


Input: [Number] 177 [Cr.] 2 [Description] An exploration and discussion of the treatment of captive and wild animals under state, federal, and international law. The course will address the historical status of animals in the law; legislative efforts and citizen initiatives to strengthen animal protection laws; the application of federal laws concerning captive animals, wildlife, and farm animals; the role of international conventions concerning trade in animals and animal products, free trade, and comparative animal protection laws; the limitations on state laws addressing anti-cruelty, hunting, trapping, and animal fighting; the emerging areas of veterinary malpractice and other animal-related torts; the use of consumer protection statutes to address animal welfare concerns; the effect of free speech, religious expression, and other Constitutional principles on animals protection statutes; legal constraints on animal advocacy such as libel and defamation, invasion of privacy, and the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act; and the movement to obtain legal recognition of the rights of animals. [Course Name]

Output: Animal Law


Input: [Number] 637 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course is identical to Law 177 with the exception that it is conducted as a seminar and will require a seminar paper. [Course Name]

Output: Animal Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 237 [Cr.] 2 [Description] The goal is to understand the role of economists and economics in competition policy and enforcement, the economic theory applicable to antitrust issues, and to apply economic theory to the facts of real antitrust and merger cases. Each week we will study and discuss at least one major case. We will also read relevant economic literature. We will cover the following subjects including introduction to antitrust economics, estimation of cartel damages, economics of cartels, abuse of dominance: rebates, monopolies: market power and loss estimation, market definition, joint venture economics, vertical restraints, free-riding, and intellectual property. Economic Foundations of Legal Studies (Law 108) is a prerequisite for JD students. LLM students must have completed, or be taking Economic Foundations of Legal Studies for LLM Students (Law 114) contemporaneously, in order to register for this course. [Course Name]

Output: Antitrust Economics


Input: [Number] 156 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Antitrust I: Principles (formerly "Antitrust") examines judicial doctrines, enforcement guidelines, and policies relating to competition as a means of ordering private economic behavior. Specific topics include agreements involving competitors, dominant firm behavior, joint ventures, mergers, distribution, practices, and international competition policy. [Course Name]

Output: Antitrust I: Principles


Input: [Number] 162 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This course extends the study, begun in Antitrust I, of the laws that regulate competition in the marketplace. Specific topics taken up here but not in the basic course include the interplay of antitrust and intellectual property law, including the obligation to license standard essential patents of “fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory terms;” criminal enforcement against cartels and the leniency program; the extraterritorial application of U.S. antitrust laws to foreign conduct; multinational coordination of remedies; and exemptions and immunities, both statutory and constitutional. The course is recommended for students who want the option of a career in antitrust and for others who were particularly intrigued by Antitrust I, which is a prerequisite. [Course Name]

Output: Antitrust II


Input: [Number] 159 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course focuses on brief writing and oral advocacy for students participating in extramural moot court competitions. Rules of the Supreme Court, which govern most moot court contests, receive special emphasis. All class participants must be registered for an extramural competition during the semester in which they take the course, must receive permission of the instructor, and must have taken Appellate Writing (LRWA III) as a prerequisite. As of Fall 2010, students receive two (2) total credits for this class. One (1) credit is "in-class" and one (1) credit is "out-of-class." [Course Name]

Output: Appellate Advocacy


Input: [Number] 160 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course is a practicum on the modes and methods of appellate practice and advocacy. Students are graded on several compositions and practical exercises involving both oral and written advocacy. The course will use federal and/or state rules at the discretion of the instructor. [Course Name]

Output: Appellate Practice


Input: [Number] 151 [Cr.] 2-3 [Description] This is a survey course of aviation law, covering both U.S. and international domestic law and regulation. Students will receive an introduction into all major aspects of aviation law, with special emphasis placed on Government regulation of aircraft, air carriers, airmen, and airports. Students will gain a basic understanding of the structure and forms of federal and international aviation law and regulation. The course will expose students to administrative law, constitutional law, international law, federal jurisdiction, and to a lesser extent antitrust law and environmental law. Materials consist of cases, statutes, treaties, regulations, and policy statements. [Course Name]

Output: Aviation Law


Input: [Number] 167 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Studies legal, economic, and social issues in bankruptcy through a survey of the Bankruptcy Code and the previous Bankruptcy Act. Considers bankruptcy liquidation and reorganization, as well as the role of the courts and trustees in the bankruptcy process. [Course Name]

Output: Bankruptcy


Input: [Number] 454 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This Seminar will cover the procedures, the strategies and the dynamics of corporate reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Among other topics, the Seminar will examine management of the debtor's business, financing the debtor while in bankruptcy, what goes into a plan of reorganization and confirmation of the plan. The Seminar will use as a case study a current or recent corporate chapter 11 reorganization case including student access to the Court's electronic docket. Bankruptcy is a prerequisite for this course. [Course Name]

Output: Bankruptcy Reorganization Seminar


Input: [Number] 398 [Cr.] 2 [Description] (NOTE: This course was previously called “Broadband, Net Neutrality, and the Future of Media”) - In the Obama Administration's first term, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) addressed the future of media in the 21st century by, among other things, producing a National Broadband Plan and new "Open Internet" rules. In the second term, the FCC is continuing to make the expansion of wireline and wireless broadband a priority by updating universal service policies, implementing "incentive" auctions to free up spectrum, and holding public workshops to analyze the transition to IP networks. This course will review the FCC's major proceedings in these areas and debate the various policy proposals that are being offered by the FCC and others as solutions. Students will be graded based on class participation, assigned oral presentations, and several written essays due over the course of the semester. There are no prerequisites for the course. [Course Name]

Output: Broadband Economy – Current FCC Initiatives


Input: [Number] 172 [Cr.] 4 [Description] Provides a detailed introduction to the law and economics of agency, partnerships, limited partnerships, and corporation law. The second half of the course focuses on publicly traded corporations. [Course Name]

Output: Business Associations


Input: [Number] 174 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Presents an in-depth treatment of patent law and practice as applied specifically to protecting inventions relating to chemical and biotechnology. Patent application preparation and prosecution strategies are particularly emphasized. Patent Law I and II are prerequisites to this course. [Course Name]

Output: Chemical and Biotechnology Patent Practice


Input: [Number] 112 [Cr.] 4 [Description] This basic course is for the study of the legal process, with emphasis on the powers and operations of courts deciding disputes between private parties. Examines the organization of state and federal courts and the relations between them; the processes by which courts resolve disputes; and the extent to which judicial decisions are conclusive of subsequent disputes. Among the topics studied are jurisdiction of courts over persons, property, and subject matter; the finality of judgments; the choice of applicable law; the scope of litigation as to claims, defenses, and parties; the processes of stating claims and exchanging information in discovery; trials and the division of functions between judge and jury; the right to jury trial; a brief introduction to the law of evidence; summary methods of decision without trial; and appellate review. [Course Name]

Output: Civil Procedure


Input: [Number] 196 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Parallel to the legitimate world of international commerce and finance, there exists an alternative universe of commercial fraud. From Charles Ponzi to Bernard Madoff, commercial fraud is a matter of the gravest concern because, apart from direct and indirect losses, it poses a serious threat to the integrity of the economy. One of the significant problems in dealing with it is the lack of a systematic study of its nature and of the role of law in combating it. This course studies commercial fraud from the perspective of financial fraud, commodity fraud, and fraud regarding the sale and delivery of goods, consumer fraud, securities fraud, bank fraud, risk management, insurance, and money laundering, touching on issues in commercial law, contract, tort, and regulatory matters as well as criminal law. [Course Name]

Output: Commercial Fraud


Input: [Number] 176 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This course covers the workings of the finance and payments systems, and the legal doctrines on which they are based, focusing on UCC Articles 3 (Negotiation, Defenses, Holder in Due Course, and the status of parties to an instrument) and 4 (the bank collection system) and Regulation CC. It also considers negotiation in Funds Transfer Systems and in the context of personal property leases, letters of credit, bank acceptances, and personal property security interests. Related doctrines of agency, suretyship, insolvency, contracts, sales of goods, bankruptcy, and assignment and transfer are reviewed. Attention will also be given to drafting and litigation, the conduct of discovery, and trial tactics. [Course Name]

Output: Commercial Paper


Input: [Number] 381 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This course will survey and analyze the key documents, cases and developments in that evolution from the Magna Carta to American colonial charters, state constitutions, and the federal Constitution and the drafting of our Bill of Rights. In the process the class will also discuss the options and alternatives along the way, the rise and decline of various expedients such as jury trial and a broad-based review of legislation. [Course Name]

Output: Common Law and American Rights


Input: [Number] 623 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course is identical to Law 381 with the exception that it is conducted as a seminar and will require a seminar paper. [Course Name]

Output: Common Law and American Rights Seminar


Input: [Number] 181 [Cr.] 3 [Description] A treatment of basic telecommunications law, policy, and regulation. [Course Name]

Output: Communications Law


Input: [Number] 182 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Antitrust law and antitrust jurisdiction is not determined by the origin of, or the geographic area where the relevant action has taken place. It is determined by the action’s effects. These could and, in a globalized economy, normally do take place any- and everywhere. The more so since the number of countries equipped with more or less sophisticated antitrust laws and enforcement systems has grown spectacularly in the recent years, and continues to do so. Concurrent overlapping of different antitrust laws and jurisdictions has therefore become much more the rule than the exception. And, in essence, no modern antitrust enforcement anywhere in the world can omit to give a close look at what in the relevant area is being done in the US and in the EU. The course focuses on modern Antitrust law and enforcement in a global setting. It will delve into and compare the main antitrust categories (agreements, monopolization, mergers, administrative and court enforcement) from the perspective of mainly the US and the EU systems. It will, furthermore, devote attention to the BRICS countries and to those countries having a significant antitrust record. Finally, it will deal with international antitrust enforcement, both in terms of concurrent or shared enforcement between different systems, and of the workings of international networks, structures, and organizations. Antitrust I: Principles is a prerequisite for this course. [Course Name]

Output: Comparative Antitrust Law


Input: [Number] 346 [Cr.] 3 [Description] In a world of increasing global interaction it is critical for American lawyers to understand the legal systems of other nations. This course will introduce students to comparative legal methods with an emphasis on comparative constitutional law. It will examine the general features of common and civil law systems, their underlying principles, and the scope of their constitutional protections. It will focus in particular on British and Canadian common law, French and German civil law, and examine the impact of European Union law on member states. [Course Name]

Output: Comparative Constitutional Law


Input: [Number] 433 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This seminar will explore the legal issues that judges, legislators, prosecutors, and defense attorneys confront as they respond to the recent explosion in computer-related and online crime. In particular, the course will consider how crimes in cyberspace will challenge traditional approaches to the investigation, prosecution, and defense of crime, all of which have evolved from our experience with crimes in physical space. Topics will include: the Fourth Amendment in cyberspace, the law of electronic surveillance, computer hacking and other computer crimes, cyberterrorism, and intellectual property crimes. Although much of this class involves computer and internet technology, no prior technical background or knowledge is required. Any technology that needs to be understood will be explained in class, and students should not hesitate to ask for other technical explanations. Criminal Law is recommended but not required. There are no course prerequisites. [Course Name]

Output: Computer Crime Seminar


Input: [Number] 186 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Focuses on choice of law problems, particularly in relation to property, family law, contracts, torts, trusts, and the administration of estates. Consideration is given to acts of jurisdiction, effects of judgments, special problems of federalism, and transnational regulation. [Course Name]

Output: Conflict of Laws


Input: [Number] 121 [Cr.] 4 [Description] Analysis of the structure of American government, as defined through the text of the Constitution and its interpretation. The course focuses on the allocation of powers and responsibilities among governmental institutions, including the separation and coordination of the legislative, executive, and judicial functions at the federal level, and the relation between the state and federal governments (including an introductory treatment of the Fourteenth Amendment). [Course Name]

Output: Constitutional Law I: Structure of Government


Input: [Number] 158 [Cr.] 2-3 [Description] This course is a continuation of Constitutional Law I, and examines the interpretations of the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, and the scope of congressional authority to enforce these constitutional provisions. [Course Name]

Output: Constitutional Law II: The 14th Amendment


Input: [Number] 131 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This is a course in which students read and discuss important documents that illuminate the intellectual and historical context in which the U.S. Constitution was framed. The focus is on primary sources, such as the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights, our Declaration of Independence, early state constitutions, Madison's notes of the debates at the Philadelphia Convention, selected writings of the Anti-Federalists, and the complete Federalist Papers. [Course Name]

Output: Constitutional Law: The Founding


Input: [Number] 487 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This seminar will examine the history and original meaning of the Second Amendment, as well as its interpretation by the courts. Some attention will be given to academic studies of the efficacy of government regulations aimed at reducing the misuse of firearms. There are no prerequisites. [Course Name]

Output: Constitutional Law: The Second Amendment


Input: [Number] 102 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Introduction to the principles of contract law, including the consideration doctrine, offer and acceptance, promissory estoppel, and the regulation of the bargaining process. [Course Name]

Output: Contracts I


Input: [Number] 103 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Continuation of Contracts I, with emphasis on interpretation, excuse, and remedies. [Course Name]

Output: Contracts II


Input: [Number] 191 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This course covers the basics of copyright law, including determinations of what is copyrightable, formalities for obtaining protection, and copyright registration practices and procedures. The substantive and procedural elements of infringement actions are examined, including defenses. Technological developments affecting copyright are also addressed, including issues related to computer software and the Internet. [Course Name]

Output: Copyright Law


Input: [Number] 194 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Focuses principally on state corporate law, though consideration is also given to federal securities, tax, and antitrust laws. Topics covered include business and tax considerations relevant to acquisitions, methods of corporate combinations, directors' duties in connection with sales of control, appraisal rights, and target defensive tactics. [Course Name]

Output: Corporate Acquisitions


Input: [Number] 198 [Cr.] 3-4 [Description] Focuses on the taxation of corporations and their shareholders. Consideration is given to the tax consequences of the formation of a corporation, distributions, redemptions, liquidations, and reorganizations. Income Tax is a prerequisite to this course. [Course Name]

Output: Corporate Tax


Input: [Number] 106 [Cr.] 3 [Description] General principles of the substantive criminal law and its major processes are derived from study of its common law origins and the effects of such variables as societal values, legislation, and judicial activity. Inquires into uses of the coercive power of the state, the federal-state relationship, and the concepts of group criminality, liability for uncompleted crimes, and rationale for punishment. [Course Name]

Output: Criminal Law


Input: [Number] 389 [Cr.] 2-3 [Description] This course examines the criminal litigation process. Topics covered may include: the charging decision; bail and detention pending trial; right to a speedy trial, to a jury trial, other trial rights; discovery; guilty pleas; double jeopardy; sentencing; appeals; and collateral remedies. Criminal Procedure: Investigation is recommended, but not a prerequisite. [Course Name]

Output: Criminal Procedure: Adjudication


Input: [Number] 206 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Acquaints students with the criminal justice system, its procedures, and Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Fourteenth Amendment rights. [Course Name]

Output: Criminal Procedure: Investigation


Input: [Number] 416 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This seminar course will provide students exposure to the key legal and policy issues related to cybersecurity, including the legal authorities and obligations of both the government and the private sector with respect to protecting computer systems and networks, as well as the national security aspects of the cyber domain including authorities related to offensive activities in cyberspace. The course will include a survey of federal laws, executive orders, regulations, and cases related to surveillance, cyber intrusions by private and nation-state actors, data breaches, and privacy and civil liberties matters, among other things. The course will also explore the legislative and technology landscape in this dynamic area and will provide students with opportunities to discuss cutting-edge issues at the intersection of law, technology, and policy. [Course Name]

Output: Cybersecurity Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 380 [Cr.] 1 [Description] This course will include a detailed review of design patent law practice, including patent prosecution and litigation. Course work includes in-depth review of the patent prosecution topics of statutory subject matter, actual reduction to practice, novelty, non-obviousness, public use, examination issues specific to computer-generated icons, designs comprising multiple articles or multiple parts embodied in a single article, and the issues of lack of ornamentally, functionality rejections and hidden-in-use rejections. Also covered will be the topics of restriction practice; double patenting; domestic and foreign priority; expedited examination; reissue and reexamination; protests; and the discussion of the relationship between design patent, copyright and trademark law. Also reviewed during this course will be design patent litigation topics including claim interpretation, infringement, point of novelty and ordinary observer requirements as well as the issues of willful infringement, damages and invalidity. [Course Name]

Output: Design Patent Law and Prosecution


Input: [Number] 639 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course surveys American law as it relates to people with disabilities. Primary focus is on discrimination in employment, education, government services, public accommodations run by private entities, and housing. The course will also cover issues involving the civil rights of institutionalized persons. [Course Name]

Output: Disability Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 210 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Examines the federal regulatory structure governing employment practices that make distinctions based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, and age. [Course Name]

Output: Discrimination in Employment


Input: [Number] 134 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course prepares students interested in practicing family law for the stages of a dissolution of marriage proceeding in Virginia, including client intake, interim proceedings and discovery, and settlement documents, with an emphasis on the documentation required throughout the process. LRWA IV is a prerequisite. [Course Name]

Output: Drafting for Practice: Family Law


Input: [Number] 352 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course introduces students to the laws governing employee benefits, principally the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, or ERISA. The course will examine selected topics related to both employee pension and welfare benefits including regulation of plans, preemption, plan administration, fiduciary duties, enforcement, plan operation, and termination. Students will also gain an understanding of the tax implications associated with employee benefit plans, both from an employer and employee perspective. [Course Name]

Output: ERISA Law


Input: [Number] 114 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This course exposes students to a broad survey of economic, statistical, finance and accounting concepts in which those concepts play a crucial role in determining the outcome of legal disputes. Students will not become expert in these technical areas but will be exposed to both the mechanics and subtleties of these tools. The goal is to educate and train students so that they will be better prepared to understand a dispute, craft an argument, or prepare a witness. This course is graded NC/CR and enrollment is limited to LLM Students. [Course Name]

Output: Economic Foundations for LLM Students


Input: [Number] 108 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This course exposes students to a broad survey of economic, statistical, finance and accounting concepts in which those concepts play a crucial role in determining the outcome of legal disputes. Students will not become expert in these technical areas but will be exposed to both the mechanics and subtleties of these tools. The goal is to educate and train students so that they will be better prepared to understand a dispute, craft an argument, or prepare a witness. [Course Name]

Output: Economic Foundations of Legal Studies


Input: [Number] 374 [Cr.] 2 [Description] After a brief review of the methodology of law and economics, this course utilizes the standard tools of economic analysis for the study of private law and legal institutions, with special emphasis on property, torts and contracts. The course builds upon the coherent first-year curriculum offered at GMU Law School. Students will develop a coherent framework for an economic explanation of legal rules: a framework that can be easily built upon in other courses for an economic analysis of other areas of the law. The first part of the seminar reviews some of the basic concepts of economic analysis, including the following: (i) Coase theorem; (ii) models of market failure; (iii) uncertainty and risk-aversion; (iv) strategic behavior and basic game theory; and (v) collective decision-making and public choice theory. The second part of the seminar applies the above tools to the study of private law and legal institutions with special focus on: (i) emergence of law and models of legal evolution; (ii) sources of law; (iii) selected topics in property, contract and tort law. [Course Name]

Output: Economics of Private Law


Input: [Number] 420 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course is identical to Law 374 with the exception that it is conducted as a Seminar and will require a seminar paper. [Course Name]

Output: Economics of Private Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 382 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This course covers a broad range of topics involving campaigns and elections. Specific areas typically covered include districting, nominating candidates, campaigning for office, and voting, with some coverage of tax issues, administrative and judicial enforcement, and ethics law. Students will gain an appreciation for the historic record, and the inherent conflict faced by officeholders when they are given the means to regulate politics. There are no prerequisites. Constitutional Law I and/or Administrative Law are recommended. [Course Name]

Output: Election Law


Input: [Number] 497 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Increasingly technology has served as a disruptive force which challenges society to make important decisions about what privacy is and how it should be respected and/or protected. Students will survey the historical, policy and technological bases of privacy and information governance. Particular attention will be paid to notions of "relationship dependent context" as it relates to the collection, use and disclosure of information. Leading legal academic scholarship in the field of information privacy will be discussed and students will apply knowledge of the law of privacy and technology to current legal and policy problems. Each student will apply their acquired knowledge both in class as well as through the preparation of a scholarly student paper. Issues such as Do-Not-Track and Online Advertising, Security Breaches, Workplace Monitoring, Comparative International Approaches, Ownership of Facts and Information, Health and Financial Privacy and more will be covered. [Course Name]

Output: Emerging Law of Internet Privacy Seminar


Input: [Number] 365 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Surveys the law governing the employment relationship in the absence of a collective bargaining agreement. The first section of the course will cover the agency law foundations of the employment relationship including the meaning of employee and the duties of loyalty and obedience. The course will then examine the special contract doctrines applicable to employment contracts, including employment at will and the public policy exception. Next, the course will cover tort law issues that arise in employment, including vicarious liability, worker's compensation, and tortious interference with contractual relations. The course will then examine some basic principles of discrimination law under Title VII, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. We will conclude with a brief survey of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act. [Course Name]

Output: Employment Law


Input: [Number] 280 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This 3-credit writing course will cover the basic elements of energy law and its intersection with natural resources and environmental policy and law including air, climate, water, endangered species, and other kinds federal and state regulation. The course will also cover introductory material regarding economic regulation of energy sources. The grade will be based on one (1) book review and two (2) major papers. The book will be assigned by the instructor. One of the major papers must address an area of energy and environmental interface. The second paper may cover a topic of the student’s own choice even if it focuses exclusively on energy law or economics and energy law. All topics for either paper must be approved by the instructor in advance. [Course Name]

Output: Energy Law and the Environment


Input: [Number] 356 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Energy issues have framed recent international security crises: the OPEC oil shock of 1973-74, both Gulf Wars, 9/11 and Afghanistan, Russian gas threats to Europe (including the Georgia invasion), China’s scramble for energy resources, the financial imbalance caused by oil imports, the threats posed by ISIS and its control of substantial oil revenues, and the security risks posed by climate change. Yet, US and EU energy policies have been driven primarily not by international security issues but by domestic law on traditional pollution control (including the consequences of the fracking revolution), private property protection and antitrust. This course will examine how these domestic legal and regulatory regimes have shaped energy policy internationally in ways that multilateral security entities like NATO and the UN cannot reach. The course will focus primarily on the EU and US, examining how their domestic regulatory differences affect international energy and climate policies (including fracking), often in unintended ways. It will also examine the implications of climate regulation, energy security policies, gas and oil export restrictions, and financial issues (most of the US current account deficit is due to oil imports theoretically displaceable by domestic alternatives that include cars and trucks powered by electricity, CNG and biofuels). The course necessarily requires considerable study of the Clean Air Act as the source of the US’ primary energy policy, and of aspects of administrative law as it effects the execution of that power by the EPA. [Course Name]

Output: Energy, Environment, and National Security: Law and Policy


Input: [Number] 209 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This course will focus on legal issues of particular salience to the “entertainment industry,” defined for this purpose as those firms concerned with the commercial creation and distribution of fixed expressive content marketed for its entertainment value. The first half of the course will survey several areas of legal doctrine that are common to the entire industry: domestic and international copyright law, trademark and right of publicity, agent regulation, expressive torts and their First Amendment limitations, and contracts pertaining to credit and control. The latter half of the course will look at specific applications as they arise in the areas of film and television production, music (publishing and sound recordings), and video games. The casebook will be Jon M. Garon, Entertainment Law and Practice (Second Edition). In addition to three hours/week of traditional doctrinal class instruction, this course will include a speaker component. Several legal policy makers from industry-related firms or trade organizations will come speak to students and answer their questions. These sessions will be held on Friday mornings (irregularly and contingent on speaker availability), and attendance at these sessions is mandatory. Grades will be based on a final exam, preparation for and participation in speaker events, and in-class discussion of casebook problems. [Course Name]

Output: Entertainment Law


Input: [Number] 218 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This course covers numerous substantive areas in environmental law, while exploring the theme that environmental law is perhaps the most significant area of the law where structural constitutional questions of federalism and the separation of powers regularly arise. After explaining some of the background constitutional provisions in the environmental area, such as the Commerce Clause, the Spending Clause, and Takings, we turn to analyzing particular statutory areas: (1) the Clean Air Act (a greater area of focus as the first complex regulatory statute encountered); (2) the Clean Water Act; (3) NEPA; (4) RCRA; (5) CERCLA; and (6) the Endangered Species Act. We also spend several class units on recurring administrative law issues in environmental law and on the topic of environmental enforcement. Modes of statutory and regulatory interpretation are also an important class theme. [Course Name]

Output: Environmental Law


Input: [Number] 604 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Includes a substantial writing requirement, with an emphasis on organization of facts, the development of problem-solving thought patterns, and performance of research, drafting, and writing skills that are involved in the practice of law. Income Tax, Trusts and Estates, and Estate and Gift Taxation are prerequisites to this course. [Course Name]

Output: Estate Planning Seminar


Input: [Number] 219 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Provides a detailed examination of the estate, gift, and intergenerational transfer taxes, and considers their interaction with individual, partnership, and corporate tax provisions. Income Tax and Trusts & Estates are prerequisites to this course. [Course Name]

Output: Estate and Gift Taxation


Input: [Number] 259 [Cr.] 2 [Description] European Union Competition Law impacts significantly on the ways in which companies, both large multinational corporations, and small and medium-sized enterprises, conduct themselves in the competitive environment. The primary focus of this course will be on the control of multi-lateral and unilateral anti-competitive conduct. The course will focus on the operation of the EU Competition Law regime, based on articles 101 and 102 of the TFEU, and procedural and implementing legislation. The course will also consider the main provisions of American Antitrust Law, as enshrined in Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act 1890, and Section 5 of the FTC Act. In both cases the outline of the institutional processes, and the relationship between public and private enforcement will be considered. The course will also consider the context within which the law operates, focusing on the relevant economic principles and theories, as well as the tensions in the economics debate, underpinning the application of the law. Antitrust I: Principles is a prerequisite for this course. [Course Name]

Output: European Union Competition Law


Input: [Number] 642 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This is a two‐credit course that aims to give students a comprehensive introduction to European Union law in the wake of the recent Treaty of Lisbon. The first part of the course will survey the succession of treaties that have led to today’s EU and the institutions that govern the Union, and lay out key legal and political themes associated with the European integration project. The middle portion of the course will cover the role of the European Court of Justice and interaction of EU law with the national law of member states, then examine the EU as an international actor in its own right and the Union’s increasingly important fundamental rights framework. The final segment of the course will cover the basics of the internal market and the four freedoms (free movement of goods, services, people and capital) and consider data privacy issues. The course also will give attention to research methods and sources. This course is identical to Law 213 with the exception that it is conducted as a seminar and will require a seminar paper. [Course Name]

Output: European Union Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 222 [Cr.] 3-4 [Description] Examines legal rules governing the proof of disputed issues of fact during adversary proceedings. The emphasis is on rules determining the admissibility of various types of evidence, including testimonial evidence (hearsay rules and impeachment of witnesses), documentary evidence, and scientific and expert evidence. The course also considers judicial notice as substitute for evidence, burdens of proof, and the effect of jury trial on rules of evidence. [Course Name]

Output: Evidence


Input: [Number] 612 [Cr.] 2 [Description] The seminar will examine the FTC as an institution in its many facets. The Commission's two main missions, consumer protection and antitrust, provide it with a platform for involvement with major sectors of the economy. We will examine the Commission's structure, its legal authority, and how it uses that authority in pursuing its many activities. We will address numerous issues that currently occupy so much of the agency's time, including intellectual property, health care, privacy, consumer fraud, and many others. The seminar will conclude with presentation of research projects involving particular issues the Commission faces. [Course Name]

Output: FTC Seminar


Input: [Number] 212 [Cr.] 3 [Description] The course is focused on the formation of families, marriage, marital dissolution and the division of marital assets, cohabitation, issues connected with children, and contemporary directions in the reform of family law. [Course Name]

Output: Family Law


Input: [Number] 228 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Studies the law underlying the federal budget process, including the preparation of the president's budget, the Congressional Budget Resolution, and the appropriations and reconciliation bills. Also examines the Constitutional provisions underlying the federal budget process. [Course Name]

Output: Federal Budget Law


Input: [Number] 437 [Cr.] 2 [Description] A seminar on the practical aspects of appearing before the Federal Circuit, as well as the most relevant substantive issues currently before the Court. The seminar discusses the history of the Court, the purpose for its creation, the Court's jurisdiction, rules of practice, and the practical workings of the Court. Practical aspects of appearing before the Court will include opinion analysis, brief writing, and oral argument. The seminar also explores some of the more complex issues currently faced by the Court. Finally, the seminar will discuss Federal Circuit cases recently heard by the Supreme Court. [Course Name]

Output: Federal Circuit Practice Seminar


Input: [Number] 226 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Jurisdiction of the federal district courts, including federal question, diversity, and supplemental jurisdiction; appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court; federal common law; aspects of the relations of the federal and state courts, including removal, abstention, and the Anti-injunction Act; and state sovereign immunity in the federal courts. [Course Name]

Output: Federal Courts


Input: [Number] 625 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course covers the rules and regulations governing employment in the Federal Government. Specifically, it will focus on personnel issues involving misconduct and performance, and Federal employees' rights to appeal adverse actions taken against them. It will also cover the Federal sector EEO process. [Course Name]

Output: Federal Sector Employment Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 620 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This seminar will examine a variety of topics in the political economy of constitutional federalism. Issues to be covered include the advantages and disadvantages of political decentralization, competition between state and local governments, the impact of federalism on the status of minority groups, the Founding Fathers' view of federalism, and the role of the judges in enforcing federalism through judicial review. While most of the course focuses on federalism in the United States, some readings will also employ a comparative perspective. Each student will be required to write a research paper on a federalism-related topic of his or her choice. Grading will be based partly on written work, and partly on class participation. [Course Name]

Output: Federalism Seminar


Input: [Number] 644 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Energy and natural resources policies are often at odds with environmental regulatory policy. Increasingly, federal regulatory policy has been used to trump state policies relating to the generation of energy within states and the extraction of natural resources within states. Many states have pushed by filing suits against the EPA. This seminar will consider the relationship between federal and state regulatory policies, with an emphasis on recent cases or pending litigation. Students will be evaluated on the basis of constructive participation as well as short papers and class presentations. [Course Name]

Output: Federalism: Energy, Natural Resource & Environmental Policy Seminar


Input: [Number] 164 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course will cover the basic principles of First Amendment law related to free expression with a special emphasis on free speech in academia. Individual topics include the development of modern First Amendment law, the categories of unprotected speech, forum analysis, commercial speech, and harassment. [Course Name]

Output: First Amendment Law


Input: [Number] 481 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This seminar will explore a variety of timely issues and topics in the field of Food Law & Policy, which looks at the basis and impact of laws and regulations that govern the food and beverages we grow, raise, produce, transport, buy, sell, distribute, share, cook, eat, and drink. Through readings that include law review articles; features in the mainstream press; book excerpts; case law; and research, reports, and other materials produced by a variety of governmental and non-governmental sources, students will study the relationship between the laws and policies that structure our food system — and their intended and unintended consequences. The course focuses on myriad issues related to government action (or inaction) pertaining to food and discusses issues pertaining to laws and regulations created at all levels of government. Topics this course highlights may include New York City’s ban on large sweetened drinks; local regulations pertaining to food trucks, farmers markets, and urban farming; state cottage food laws and craft beer regulations; the federal Farm Bill and farm subsidies; the USDA school lunch program; and local, state, and federal rules pertaining to GMO foods. Students will consider these topics as they relate to issues like the environment, food freedom, food safety, and the public health. [Course Name]

Output: Food Law & Policy Seminar


Input: [Number] 268 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course examines, in depth, the unique interface of intellectual property law and regulatory law in the FDA-regulated industries, principally the pharmaceutical industry but also medical devices and food additives. Primary attention is given to the 1984 Hatch-Waxman Amendments to the Patent Code and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which for the first time injected patent-law considerations into the FDA regulatory process and simultaneously created special patent rules for products subject to an FDA pre-market approval requirement. The impact of FDA regulation on copyright and trademark rights in the FDA-regulated industries also will be considered. Although the course should be of interest both to students planning careers in patent law and to those whose primary interest is in FDA regulatory law, neither the Regulation of Food and Drugs course nor previous exposure to patent law is a prerequisite to registration. [Course Name]

Output: Generic Drugs, FDA, and IP Law


Input: [Number] 125 [Cr.] 2 [Description] The purpose of this course is to prepare students for the Giles Sutherland Rich Moot Court Competition. Students may only register with the permission of the instructor. As of Fall 2010, students receive two (2) total credits for this class. One (1) credit is “in-class” and one (1) credit is “out-of-class”. Federal Circuit Practice Seminar is a prerequisite to this course. [Course Name]

Output: Giles Rich Moot Court Competition


Input: [Number] 428 [Cr.] 2 [Description] The high tech sector, which represents a growing share of the world economy, raises a large number of antitrust and IP law issues. These issues result from the “winner-takes-all” feature of the high tech sector where companies with innovative products and services can quickly sideline competitors and gain significant market shares (see, e.g., Microsoft, Google, etc.). The high tech sector is also heavily patented and this has triggered IP wars pitting, for instance, smartphone makers against each other (e.g., Apple v. Samsung, Motorola v. Microsoft, etc.). This course will focus on the main antitrust and IP issues, as well as the interface between these two disciplines, which occur in the high-tech industry. Much of the course content will be based on current or recent cases in the United States and Europe, which often make the headlines of newspapers. There is no specific prerequisite for this course, although some basic knowledge of antitrust and IP law may be helpful. [Course Name]

Output: Global Antitrust and IP Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 230 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Examines the processes by which private parties establish and perform contracts with the federal government. Specific subjects include the appropriations mechanism; the authority of government agents, sealed-bid and negotiated procurement methods; competition requirements, contract pricing, award protests; inspection, acceptance, and warranties; changes; termination; the prosecution and defense of claims; and civil and criminal sanctions for fraud. For factual illustrations, the course draws heavily upon the procurement activities of major purchasers such as the Department of Defense. [Course Name]

Output: Government Contracts


Input: [Number] 233 [Cr.] 3 [Description] The legal and economic foundations of the United States health care delivery and payment systems are analyzed from the differing perspectives of providers, payers, patients, contractors, and governments, including health reform and the Affordable Care Act, the Medicare and Medicaid programs, managed care and insurance, professional licensure and discipline including practicing medicine and nursing, charitable and private hospitals and nursing homes, life sciences including genomics and genetics, and life, dying, and death. [Course Name]

Output: Health Law


Input: [Number] 400 [Cr.] 2 [Description] The Health Law & Antitrust Seminar will cover various topics in health care law, including: (i) the continuing relevance of the Federal Trade Commission’s and Department of Justice’s Statements of Health Care Antitrust Enforcement Policy; (ii) the legal and economic analysis of (a) mergers of hospitals, physician groups, other health care institutions, and pharmaceutical companies; (b) attempts by physicians to collectively bargain with commercial payors of medical services, and the formation of physician networks; (c) agreements between or actions by branded and generic pharmaceutical companies that the Federal Trade Commission has argued delay entry of competing products to the market (the FTC has challenged a number of practices); (d) the formation of Accountable Care Organizations; (e) (alleged) monopsony power of commercial payors; and (f) professional licensing requirements/restrictions; (iii) state action immunity and health care markets; and (iv) Noerr-Pennington exemption and health care markets. In addition to a review of the relevant antitrust case law, we will review the economic literature on health care markets. [Course Name]

Output: Health Law & Antitrust Seminar


Input: [Number] 427 [Cr.] 2 [Description] The legal and economic foundations of the United States health care delivery and payment systems are analyzed from the differing perspectives of providers, payers, patients, contractors, and governments, including health reform and the Affordable Care Act, the Medicare and Medicaid programs, managed care and insurance, professional licensure and discipline including practicing medicine and nursing, charitable and private hospitals and nursing homes, life sciences including genomics and genetics, and life, dying, and death. The legislative and regulatory process affecting and affected by health care will be considered, as will transactional and contract drafting concerns. [Course Name]

Output: Health Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 426 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course provides an introduction to the policy, strategy and practical application of homeland security through an understanding of the authorizing laws, regulations, and polices that established DHS. This is a multi-faceted course that will expose students to complex intergovernmental and public-private sector policymaking, operational planning and crisis management. The course is designed to promote subject matter understanding, critical analysis of issues and insight into senior leader decision making. It also includes a practical examination of stakeholder interaction and key subject matter areas through an interactive tabletop exercise and a research paper assignment as other interactive opportunities throughout the course. [Course Name]

Output: Homeland Security Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 235 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Examines fundamental issues in immigration law of inadmissibility and deportability, relief from removal, asylum and refugee status, citizenship, nonimmigrant and immigrant visas, including labor certification, and administrative and judicial review. [Course Name]

Output: Immigration Law


Input: [Number] 422 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course will examine U.S. immigration policy as it is embodied in our laws and procedures and will ask how our nation’s immigration policy reflect on our values as a nation. The course will discuss whom we let in, whom we keep out, how do we treat the people already here, and why. The course is broken down topically along the lines of a typical immigration law class, but this course is not concerned with the mechanics of the immigration laws. The class is intended to reach into the policy goals, the implications of policy, and the unintended consequences of poorly designed policies. [Course Name]

Output: Immigration Policy Seminar


Input: [Number] 236 [Cr.] 4 [Description] The fundamental statutory and regulatory principles upon which the federal income tax structure is based are considered, with emphasis on individual income taxation. Topics include definition and characterization of income, deductions, and the tax treatment of property transactions. [Course Name]

Output: Income Tax


Input: [Number] 238 [Cr.] 1-3 [Description] Each independent study course must be approved in writing by the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, who will require a written syllabus or similar detailed description of the content of the course and the means by which the student will be evaluated. May be 1 to 3 credit hours. All credits are considered "out-of-class" credit. Students may propose to complete an independent study for a letter grade or "CR" credit. [Course Name]

Output: Independent Study


Input: [Number] 242 [Cr.] 2-3 [Description] Acquaints students with the various problems involved in risk-spreading through private and public insurance. Concepts of risk, uncertainty (or compound risk), and insurability are discussed as well as contractual problems such as mistake, fraud, and coinsurance. The impact of insurance upon the development of tort doctrines such as strict and vicarious liability and relaxed standards of causation are addressed. Government regulation of the insurance industry receives some attention. [Course Name]

Output: Insurance Law


Input: [Number] 608 [Cr.] 2-3 [Description] Acquaints students with the various problems involved in risk-spreading through private and public insurance. Concepts of risk, uncertainty (or compound risk), and insurability are discussed as well as contractual problems such as mistake, fraud, and coinsurance. The impact of insurance upon the development of tort doctrines such as strict and vicarious liability and relaxed standards of causation are addressed. Government regulation of the insurance industry receives some attention. This course is identical to Law 242 with the exception that it is conducted as a seminar and will require a seminar paper. [Course Name]

Output: Insurance Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 367 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This course focuses on the protection of proprietary rights in inventions, writings, creative expression, software, trade secrets, trade designations, and other intangible intellectual products by federal patent, copyright, trademark and unfair competition law, and by state trade secrecy and unfair competition law. Consideration will be given to the challenges posed for traditional intellectual property paradigms by new technologies and the shift to an information-based economy. This course is designed for the non-specialist, but also serves as a foundation for the specialist. [Course Name]

Output: Intellectual Property Law


Input: [Number] 492 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This seminar will provide students with an overview of the U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) and its sources of legal authority. Students will engage in exercises (both written and oral) to analyze and draft practical guidance on relevant legal issues for the IC. Each class will involve an overview of the specific topic followed by either the drafting of a short memorandum addressing a hypothetical client question or a simulated inter-agency meeting. No security clearance is required since all materials and discussions will be at the unclassified level. Although this seminar is focused on issues most relevant to IC agencies, each week’s practical exercise will focus on drafting and/or negotiating skills useful and relevant to any government attorney. [Course Name]

Output: Intelligence Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 391 [Cr.] 1 [Description] This is a course on the law and practice of arbitration as a means of commercial dispute resolution. The course places arbitration in the continuum of overall methods of dispute resolution from negotiation to litigation. It then deals with the laws which encourage agreements to arbitrate. The bulk of the course will be the development of an actual arbitration matter from the drafting of a demand for arbitration to the issuance of an arbitration award. [Course Name]

Output: International Commercial Arbitration


Input: [Number] 245 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course provides the foundation for understanding and working with international commerce. It approaches the subject from the perspective of essential payment mechanisms such as open account, banker's acceptances, collections, and letters of credit. From this perspective, it will consider contract terms for payment and delivery, the role of international custom, transport law and practices that impact commercial transactions and the role of third party intermediaries. In addition to judicial opinions from the US and elsewhere and drafting exercises based on actual documentation from actual transactions, the course will provide an option to visit the operations department of a local bank if there is sufficient interest. [Course Name]

Output: International Commercial Transactions


Input: [Number] 255 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This is an introductory course on the theory and practice of international environmental law including bilateral and multilateral agreements and nonbinding instruments. It will touch, generally, on the sources of law: customary international law, general principles of law, decisions and actions of international organizations, and instruments negotiated by governments or developed transnationally in the private sector. Substantive areas explored in this class include transboundary pollution and disasters, ozone depletion, climate change, water allocation, biological diversity and endangered species, and environment and trade. The relationship between international environmental law and national sovereignty will also be discussed throughout the course. [Course Name]

Output: International Environmental Law


Input: [Number] 418 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This seminar examines the major treaties and other international agreements providing protection for patents, trademarks, and copyrights and other forms of intellectual property, including the World Trade Organization TRIPS Agreements, the US free trade agreements and the World Intellectual Property Organization treaties. Particular attention will be given to the roles of the WTO and the WIPO. The course also examines some of the recent issues that have attracted controversy in the international arena as well as relevant recent developments in foreign countries, including the European Union member states and China. [Course Name]

Output: International Intellectual Property and Policy Seminar


Input: [Number] 248 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Considers traditional public international law issues and analyzes them in an economic and game-theoretic perspective. Emphasis is on basic concepts of public international law, including sources and evolution of international law; relation of international law to municipal law; subjects of international law; peaceful settlement of disputes; international agreements; jurisdictional competence; state responsibility and treatment of aliens; the use of force; and the evolving role of international organizations. [Course Name]

Output: International Law


Input: [Number] 253 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Covers the theory and practice of international trade law including U.S. laws and the World Trade Organization (WTO) regime. Includes trade remedy litigation (e.g. antidumping, countervailing duty, and safeguard investigations) and export controls for U.S. national security purposes (including the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, U.S. Department of State (DDTC); the Bureau of Industry and Security, U.S. Department of Commerce (BIS); Office of Foreign Assets Control, U.S. Department of Treasury (OFAC)). Also examines domestic and international anti-bribery issues (including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)). [Course Name]

Output: International Trade Law and Regulation


Input: [Number] 093 [Cr.] 1 [Description] This course is designed to provide LL.M. students who did not receive their legal education in the United States with an overview of U.S. law. Students will develop basic research and writing skills necessary for the study and practice of law in the U.S., while covering substantive areas of law, including contracts, torts, and Constitutional law. This course will not provide an exhaustive survey of each topic, but rather exposure to a large amount of foundational information in a short period of time. [Course Name]

Output: Introduction to U.S. Law.


Input: [Number] 126 [Cr.] 2 [Description] The purpose of this course is to prepare student for effective participation in the Jessup International Moot Court Competition. All class participants must be members of the GMU Jessup International Moot Court Team. As of Fall 2010, students receive two (2) total credits for this class. One (1) credit is “in-class” and one (1) credit is “out-of-class”. [Course Name]

Output: Jessup International Moot Court Competition


Input: [Number] 350 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course is an introduction to the philosophy of law. The first half will deal with the descriptive problem of what the law is. Is the law reducible to sociological facts — in particular power? Is it reducible to ethics? Is it something completely different — neither sociological nor ethical? Readings will consist of the classics in the field, including John Austin, H.L.A. Hart, Hans Kelsen, Ronald Dworkin and the American Legal Realists. The second half of the course will deal with normative problems of what the law ought to be. Should the law promote economic efficiency? Should it promote some other conception of justice? Special emphasis will be placed on economic and corrective justice accounts of tort law. Readings will consist of more recent discussions of these and other topics, including material by Richard Posner, Jules Coleman, Ernest Weinrib, Jeremy Waldron and David Brink. May be 2 or 3 credits. [Course Name]

Output: Jurisprudence


Input: [Number] 622 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This seminar is devoted to a close reading of major works of legal and political philosophy. For Spring 2015, the seminar will consider the topic of education for liberty and happiness in Locke, Plato, and Rousseau. Students who enrolled in Law 622 in prior years may enroll in the course a second time because the assigned readings change semester to semester. [Course Name]

Output: Jurisprudence Readings Seminar


Input: [Number] 435 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This is an interdisciplinary course introducing students to the fundamental question of post-World War II Anglo-American jurisprudence, the problem of deriving meaning from written texts. The derivation of meaning from written documents characterizes attorneys' work (interpreting cases and contracts, for instance), and is the essence of judges' work. But it also characterizes the work of biblical exegetes and of literary critics, and it turns out that the debates in those disciplines mirror those of modern jurisprudence. This course explores those debates, all the while examining the legal function as something possibly unique. [Course Name]

Output: Jurisprudence Seminar


Input: [Number] 096 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Introduces the student to research methods, analysis of legal concepts, and the art of legal writing. Students begin to learn the research, analysis and writing process through an assigned series of open and closed memoranda. [Course Name]

Output: LRWA I - Introduction to Legal Research, Writing and Analysis


Input: [Number] 097 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Students continue developing their research, analytical and writing skills by working through a trial-level problem. Students will also participate in an oral argument. [Course Name]

Output: LRWA II - Trial Level Writing


Input: [Number] 098 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Appellate Writing builds on the practical legal writing skills students mastered during their first year. This course provides an opportunity to perform in-depth legal research and a high level of legal analysis as students brief both sides of an appellate case and participate in oral arguments. [Course Name]

Output: LRWA III - Appellate Writing


Input: [Number] 099 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Students continue developing their research, analytical and writing skills by drafting legal documents that govern the future behavior of clients and other parties. [Course Name]

Output: LRWA IV - Legal Drafting


Input: [Number] 256 [Cr.] 3-4 [Description] An overview of the law of union and management relations in the private sector: development and coverage of federal labor law; representation elections; unfair labor practices; relations between employees and their union; employee concerted activity; anti-union discrimination; union picketing, strikes, and violence; regulation of collective bargaining; and enforcement of collective bargaining agreements. [Course Name]

Output: Labor Law


Input: [Number] 258 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This course focuses on government restrictions on the use of privately owned land and government takings of land. It reviews nuisance law, zoning and development restrictions, the use of eminent domain and the issue of regulatory takings. The course also considers the relative institutional competence of markets and planners; the legal rights and duties of zoning and planning administrators, legislators, and developers; the goals of subdivision regulations; how the regulatory process works in practice; residential community associations; the efficacy of private land use controls; how infrastructure needs are financed, the problem of local government and regional needs, and, finally, what happens when government assumes the role of landowner or land developer. [Course Name]

Output: Land Use Planning


Input: [Number] 511 [Cr.] 1 [Description] Limited to incoming editorial board members of the law school’s academic journals. As of Fall 2010, students receive one (1) credit for this class which is “out-of-class” credit and graded “CR”. [Course Name]

Output: Law Journal Management


Input: [Number] 394 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course is intended to give students who intend to enter private practice the basic foundation in the business aspects of law necessary to enable them to operate their own practice or to become a financially productive member of a firm. The course will expose students to all aspects of the administrative and business side of a law firm whether the student wants to hang out a shingle or become a partner in a medium to large size firm. It will acquaint students with the practical and ethical issues surrounding billing, trust accounts, and collections; marketing for lawyers; and client interaction from the initial consult to conclusion of the representation. Classes will include lecture, discussion, interactive role playing, and written projects. [Course Name]

Output: Law Practice Management


Input: [Number] 208 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This is an advanced course that will bring together outside scholars, resident faculty, and GMUSL students for discussion of cutting-edge research papers in the law and economics tradition. Approximately two of every three weeks will feature a leading scholar presenting a paper growing out of his or her research in the law and economics tradition. On weeks for which there is no outside speaker, the seminar will meet to review prior workshops and to discuss papers to be presented in later sessions. Students must write short critiques of the papers and are expected to engage in the discussion. The critiques are due at the beginning of each workshop. [Course Name]

Output: Law and Economics Colloquium


Input: [Number] 468 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course will focus on the laws and regulations governing the securities, banking, and commodities markets. It will also introduce students to public policy debates in the financial regulatory context, applying public choice theory, cost-benefit analysis, the behavioral bias literature and empirical methods to debates about financial regulatory implementation. [Course Name]

Output: Law and Economics of Financial Regulation Seminar


Input: [Number] 239 [Cr.] 2 [Description] The class reads a variety of classic and contemporary texts to illustrate how law and legal problems are portrayed in literature. This is both an exercise in our understanding of law as well as a lesson in how to read texts. We also can think of a text as a kind of evidence, legal or otherwise. Grading is based on a combinations of papers; students have an option of one long paper or two or three shorter papers, focusing on the works read and key themes of the class. Readings change each year, but typical readings include the Bible, Shakespeare, Kafka, Melville, James, and others. [Course Name]

Output: Law and Literature


Input: [Number] 635 [Cr.] 3 [Description] The Law & Religion Seminar treats the law of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, both the Free Exercise and the Nonestablishment Clauses, and the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, using the leading textbook in the field (McConnell, Garvey and Berg), and some supplementary readings to keep the student abreast of this area’s continual evolution. There is also some treatment of history, religious freedom in connection with family law topics, natural law, international religious freedom law, and leading religions’ doctrines and teachings concerning religious freedom. It is a paper course, requiring a 25-40pp paper, which accounts for 55% of the student’s grade. Class participation accounts for the remainder. [Course Name]

Output: Law and Religion Seminar


Input: [Number] 448 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This seminar is intended to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to become effective practitioners in the fields of government oversight and internal investigations. In particular, this course will examine the role of the Department of Homeland Security, Office of Inspector General in protecting national security. Class sessions will rely on the case study method to illustrate relevant concepts related to internal investigations and program reviews. Discussion will focus heavily on Inspector General legal authorities, the report writing process, and effective interviewing techniques. In addition, collaborative partnerships are imperative to conducting oversight of domestic intelligence activities and national security investigations. Thus, legal authorities of the Department of Justice, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and the Department of Defense will also be discussed at length. [Course Name]

Output: Law of Government Oversight and Internal Investigations Seminar


Input: [Number] 309 [Cr.] 2 [Description] MVETS enables students to represent active-duty members of the armed forces, their families and veterans in a wide variety of civil and administrative, litigation and non-litigation matters, including consumer-protection, landlord-tenant, family law, contracts, and military law and entitlement matters. Students are supervised by law school instructors or private practitioners with subject matter expertise, attend 2 hours of weekly classroom instruction and status meetings, and conduct an average of 6-10 hours per week (fall & spring), and 10-12 hours per week (summer), of out-of-class casework. Students registered for the fall or spring session of the clinic will receive two (2) total graded credits for this course which are "in-class" credit. Students registered for the summer session of the clinic will receive two (2) total graded credits for this course, one (1) credit is "in-class" and one (1) credit is "out-of-class." Visit http://mvets.law.gmu.edu for additional information. Application and Permission of the Director are required for registration. Information about application deadlines and process is circulated prior to registration each semester, and additional information can be obtained during the Clinic Information Session hosted each semester by CAAS. Although not dispositive, preference and priority may be given to repeat MVETS Student Advisors (student may take MVETS up to two times) and students who possess a third-year practice certificate or ability to acquire one, and who have completed Family Law, Virginia Practice, Trial Advocacy and/or Pretrial Practice. [Course Name]

Output: Legal Clinic - Mason Veterans and Servicemembers Legal Clinic (MVETS)


Input: [Number] 277 [Cr.] 3 [Description] The Law and Mental Illness Clinic allows students to gain practical experience in the judicial, legislative, academic and advocacy aspects of the law concerning the treatment of individuals with severe mental illness. The classroom component of the course studies the history and development of laws affecting the mentally ill, while also preparing the students for representation of petitioners during civil commitment hearings. Students may locate and interview witnesses, appear at commitment hearings, perform direct and cross-examinations and present legal argument. This course is a letter-graded course offered in the fall and spring, and students may receive 3 credits total (2 in-class credits and 1 out of-class credit). Space is limited, and registration is open to students who have completed their first year of law school. For more information about the program's requirements, please see the Information Packet for the Legal Clinic—Mental Illness at http://www.law.gmu.edu/academics/clinics. [Course Name]

Output: Legal Clinic - Mental Illness


Input: [Number] 358 [Cr.] 2 [Description] In this clinic, students write actual applications that will be filed for inventors affiliated with George Mason University. The students are each assigned an invention, and work directly with the inventor(s), who are generally George Mason University professors or staff, to write a patent application covering the invention. Students are instructed as to best practices before meeting with the inventor(s) and drafting the application, and then are critiqued regarding their written patent applications. The patent applications will be written in stages, including invention disclosure considerations, drawings, claims, and specification, with critique on each step in the process. Multiple drafts of the complete application will be written and critiqued until it is ready for filing. This course is a graded course offered in the spring and counts as a writing (W) course towards the upper-level writing requirement. Students may earn 2 credits total (1 in-class credit and 1 out-of-class credit). Space is limited, and registration is open only to students who have taken Patent Law I, Patent Law II, Patent Writing Theory and Practice or equivalent experience. For more information about the program's requirements, please see the Information Packet for the Legal Clinic - Practical Preparation of GMU Patent Applications at http://www.law.gmu.edu/academics/clinics. [Course Name]

Output: Legal Clinic - Practical Preparation of GMU Patent Applications


Input: [Number] 185 [Cr.] 4 [Description] The Supreme Court Clinic, offered in partnership with Wiley Rein LLP, provides pro bono legal representation before the United States Supreme Court. The year-long clinic provides George Mason law students with the opportunity to work closely with Wiley Rein attorneys to identify cases of interest, research legal issues, and draft Supreme Court briefs on behalf of parties and amici at both the certiorari and merits stages. Students accepted into the clinic also will receive classroom instruction, analyze federal and state appellate decisions for possible litigation opportunities, and attend at least one Supreme Court argument per Term. The clinic is a two semester (fall and spring), graded class, with two credits awarded each semester. Space is limited, and students must have completed Constitutional Law I: Structure of Government in order to be eligible for the clinic. Applications are available through CAAS. For more information about the program's requirements, please see the Information Packet for the Legal Clinic – Supreme Court at http://www.law.gmu.edu/academics/clinics. [Course Name]

Output: Legal Clinic - Supreme Court


Input: [Number] 178 [Cr.] 3 (pass/fail) [Description] This course, which is open to students in their final year, offers a substantive review of topics typically covered on the bar exam, along with practice exams and individual counseling on study techniques.The class is designed for students who need or want a supplement to other traditional methods of preparing for the bar exam. This course is not a substitute for the commercial bar courses that most students take after graduation. [Course Name]

Output: Legal Fundamentals


Input: [Number] 300 [Cr.] 2 [Description] In the Regulatory Comments Legal Practicum students engage in the federal regulatory process by analyzing an active regulation and filing public comments (from a public interest perspective) with a federal agency. The course combines practical lectures with workshops on how to analyze regulations and effectively communicate ideas. Students are taught by adjunct professor Jerry Brito, who is affiliated with the Mercatus Center, and adjunct professor Bridget Dooling with the Office of Management and Budget and also work with a mentor on their regulatory comment. In addition to drafting a public comment, students present their analysis through a mock hearing and op-ed. This course is offered only in the spring semester; students may receive 2 in-class, graded credits for completing this course. Space is limited and is open to students who have completed their first year of law school. [Course Name]

Output: Legal Practicum - Regulatory Comments


Input: [Number] 264 [Cr.] 2 [Description] A survey of the legal and economic theory of intellectual property including the common law premises for the protection of ideas and their embodiments and the evolution of statutory and judge-made law. The first half of the course concentrates on the underlying economic and property theory and law, and the second half develops the application to the statutory and common law classes of intellectual property: patents, copyright, trademarks, mask works, and trade secrets. [Course Name]

Output: Legal and Economic Theory of Intellectual Property


Input: [Number] 266 [Cr.] 2 [Description] An introduction for lawyers to public choice and competing theories of legislative behavior. This course begins with an examination of the process by which statutes are generated and the application of economic analysis to that process. The remainder of the course considers the implications of this analysis for a variety of legal issues arising in the interpretation and implementation of statutes, especially the principles and techniques of statutory construction. [Course Name]

Output: Legislation and Statutory Interpretation


Input: [Number] 195 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Year-long seminar taught by the Director of the Levy Fellow program that all Levy fellows are required to take in each of their second and third years. The course also is available to regular JD and LLM students with the approval of the Director. For Levy Fellows, a passing grade of "C" or above will be required for continuation of the Fellowship and receipt of the JD degree. [Course Name]

Output: Levy Workshop


Input: [Number] 271 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Requires the student to develop, expand, and refine a research paper into an article suitable for publication in a law journal. This course is limited to students in the Litigation Track. [Course Name]

Output: Litigation Law Track Thesis


Input: [Number] 205 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Provides the cornerstone of the Litigation Law track. It introduces the theory and practice of litigation and other forms of dispute resolution, and draws upon the basic tools of decision theory, game theory, and economic analysis to address some of the key features of the litigation process and its institutions. Among the topics addressed are the decision to commence litigation and whether to settle or go to trial; settlement negotiations; strategic behavior as affecting decision making by both private actors and the courts; economic analyses of litigation; agency or moral hazard problems presented by both lawyers and courts; the impact of attorney's fee arrangements, fee-shifting rules, and court-imposed sanctions; party versus court control of proceedings; and the effect of enforcement costs on competing substantive legal rules. [Course Name]

Output: Litigation and Dispute Resolution Theory


Input: [Number] 272 [Cr.] 3-4 [Description] Decision-making processes of local government bodies; types and authority of city, county, and special-function local government units; intergovernmental relations; organizational structure and modifications. [Course Name]

Output: Local Government Law


Input: [Number] 279 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This course focuses on the structure and goals of the mediation process and on the skills and techniques used to assist parties in overcoming barriers to dispute resolution. Skills are learned through readings and discussions of the theoretical bases for mediation and through interactive participation in simulations, exercises, and role plays. The course also examines the roles of attorneys and clients in mediation, ethical issues for lawyers and mediators, dealing with difficult people, power imbalances, and cultural considerations. Previous students have used this course to satisfy the skills training required by the Virginia Supreme Court to become certified as state mediators. [Course Name]

Output: Mediation


Input: [Number] 384 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This lecture course will explore the distribution of national security powers amongst the three coordinate branches of government and engage students in understanding the laws and policies that govern the legality of war, military operations in wartime, intelligence collection, protection of national security information, foreign intelligence surveillance, covert action, special military operations, offensive counterterrorism operations, the detention, interrogation, and prosecution of terrorism suspects, including military commissions, the domestic use of the military, homeland security, cybersecurity, and other current issues in the national security area. The class will also include discussion of materials declassified in recent months relating to foreign intelligence collection and offensive counterterrorism operations, as well as materials previously declassified, and will examine the legal analysis supporting these specific efforts and the policy questions raised by them. [Course Name]

Output: National Security Law


Input: [Number] 406 [Cr.] 2 [Description] An analysis of the interaction between counter-terrorism/counterintelligence operations and the protection of civil liberties. Key topics covered will include: Constitutional authority and oversight for national security operations, surveillance law, and the role of the criminal process. [Course Name]

Output: National Security Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 303 [Cr.] 3 [Description] This interactive course introduces students to the theory and practice of negotiation in our legal system. We will examine various aspects of legal negotiations, including strategy, ethics, communication, case valuation, the psychology of bargaining, collaborative lawyering, dispute resolution, deal-making and creative problem-solving. Students will develop negotiating skills and improve their understanding of the negotiation process by participating in simulations, analyzing bargaining behavior, discussing negotiation concepts and receiving critique. Grades are based on class participation and application of skills; two short papers analyzing specific negotiations; and one 10-page paper due at the end of the semester. The class is limited to 16 students. Class attendance is required. Note: Students must attend the first class in order to be enrolled. [Course Name]

Output: Negotiation and Legal Settlement


Input: [Number] 483 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This seminar studies the law and policy related to hydraulic fracturing (or “fracking”), focusing especially on the principles of oil and gas law, local government law, and environmental law most applicable to fracking. The seminar explores: the principles of oil and gas law specifying when oil and gas are appropriated; whether and how fracking challenges traditional principles of trespass; what principles of tort law would govern if fracking were to contaminate drinking water and there were no other legal authority regulating liability; whether local governments can exclude or regulate fracking within their boundaries consistent with state oil regulation and home rule principles; and federal safety and environmental regulations applicable to fracking and its effects on drinking water. Students who take the seminar are expected to write a paper on some topic covered in the class. Students will be graded primarily on the final version of the written paper but also on class participation and an oral presentation and defense of the paper. [Course Name]

Output: Oil and Gas Law Seminar


Input: [Number] 282 [Cr.] 3 [Description] Examines the taxation of partnerships and limited liability companies. [Course Name]

Output: Partnership Taxation


Input: [Number] 284 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Provides an introduction to the basic principles of the law of patents in the United States. Covers the history, origin and function of the patent system; the nature of patents as property and as legal instruments; comparisons with other forms of intellectual property; subject matter eligible for patenting; the conditions for patentability of an invention; and the disclosure requirements for a patent application. [Course Name]

Output: Patent Law I


Input: [Number] 292 [Cr.] 2 [Description] A continuation of Patent Law I. This course focuses on the meaning and function of patent claims as property definitions; patent prosecution, including conduct giving rise to the unenforceability of a patent; post-grant procedures; infringement of a patent, including claim interpretation and acts giving rise to infringement; equitable defenses to a charge of infringement; remedies; patent enforcement; and patent misuse. Patent Law I is a prerequisite to this course. [Course Name]

Output: Patent Law II


Input: [Number] 438 [Cr.] 3 [Description] The course covers all core stages of a patent infringement action--from the filing of a complaint, to trial before judge and jury. Students work together as a litigation team representing one party in a patent infringement case against a team of students from Suffolk Law School in Boston. The course culminates in a trial either in DC or in Boston depending on the year (2013 will be in DC). Throughout the semester, the students participate in the various aspects of the case including drafting pleadings, working on written and document discovery, briefing and arguing claim construction (before a judge), taking and defending depositions, preparing expert reports, drafting summary judgment motions, and presenting at trial. A wide variety of roles and responsibilities are available and involve varying degrees of writing, research, and oral advocacy skills. Patent Law I is a prerequisite for this course. [Course Name]

Output: Patent Litigation and Dispute Resolution Seminar


Input: [Number] 349 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course provides an in-depth examination of the U.S. International Trade Commission and its adjudication of patent litigation disputes under Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930. The course will focus on all aspects of litigation at the ITC, from the institution of an investigation under Section 337 through the Commission’s review of an Administrative Law Judge’s decision, as well as key Federal Circuit decisions involving the ITC. Students will not only learn the unique procedures of the ITC, but will also be exposed to policy considerations and the practical application of U.S. patent law in ITC investigations. Patent Law I is a prerequisite for this course. [Course Name]

Output: Patent Litigation at the ITC


Input: [Number] 306 [Cr.] 2 [Description] The recent passage of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA) has shifted the battleground of certain patent challenges from district court to the USPTO by creating new, more powerful, fast-track, litigation-like review proceedings, including post-grant review, inter partes review, and the transitional program for covered business method patents. This course will cover practical aspects of how patent office litigation proceedings are used on their own and in conjunction with district court litigation to achieve client aims. The course also explores the interface between the proceedings and the district courts, the USITC, and the Federal Circuit, presents hypothetical scenarios addressing situations that are expected to occur, and provides an overview of comparable proceedings in selected countries to provide students with an international perspective. The course will involve lecture with frequent opportunities for student input and consideration of how to counsel clients on available patent office litigation options and limitations. Practical strategies and a working case study for analysis will be used. Patent Law I and II are prerequisites for this course. [Course Name]

Output: Patent Office Litigation


Input: [Number] 294 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course builds upon Patent Law I and II by providing an in depth analysis of the substantive and procedural law relating to the prosecution of patent applications in the Patent and Trademark Office. The course emphasizes various strategies for responding to office actions, avoiding and overcoming objections and rejections, and avoiding prosecution history estoppels arising under Supreme Court and Federal Circuit case law. The course stresses how patent prosecution affects the value of patents. Patent Law I & II are prerequisites to this course. [Course Name]

Output: Patent Prosecution


Input: [Number] 351 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course applies principles learned in earlier patent law courses to the writing of applications for patents to accord them their maximum legal effect. The readability of patents by lay judges and jurors is also stressed. Patent Law I & II are prerequisites to this course. [Course Name]

Output: Patent Writing Theory and Practice


Input: [Number] 286 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Covers the business and legal criteria necessary to implement and maintain successful patent licensing programs. Subject areas covered are business objectives in licensing; rights and duties of license parties; determining and negotiating the terms and clauses of the contract; administering and enforcing the license; antitrust and misuse constraints on the business and law of licensing; and special problems in trade secrets, know-how, and show-how contracts. Patent Law I is a prerequisite to this course. [Course Name]

Output: Patent and Know-How Licensing


Input: [Number] 289 [Cr.] 2-3 [Description] This course introduces students to regulatory institutions and the political economy of regulatory processes. With this foundation, students will examine current or proposed regulation and the costs, benefits, and incentives they create. [Course Name]

Output: Perspectives on Regulation


Input: [Number] 344 [Cr.] 2-3 [Description] Wealth (capital) creation and transmission in the context of the individual rather than the firm unifies this sequence. Wealth, in the broad sense considered here, means not only the person's accumulation of financial assets but also his or her earning capacity, moral values and contributions to society. Although much of the approach will be law-and-economics based, other disciplines will necessarily inform the discussion as well. Biology, sociology, political science, history, and philosophy all will play a part. [Course Name]

Output: Perspectives on the Individual, Family, and Social Institutions


Input: [Number] 429 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course is identical to Law 344 with the exception that it is conducted as a seminar and will require a seminar paper. [Course Name]

Output: Perspectives on the Individual, Family, and Social Institutions Seminar


Input: [Number] 140 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course is designed to prepare students for the rigors associated with being a law clerk for a state court trial or appellate judge. It also will have application in your practice as an associate at a law firm. Starting with the interview process for clerkship jobs, resume writing and interviewing, and the role of the law clerk, all the way to the nuts and bolts for preparing motions, bench briefs and presenting cases to judges and partners, this course will address matters associated with the highly competitive world of being a law clerk. There will be several writing components to this course and it is suggested, although not required, that students have taken Evidence before enrolling. This course is graded “CR.” [Course Name]

Output: Preparing to Be a Law Clerk


Input: [Number] 368 [Cr.] 2 [Description] This course is designed for students with an interest in pursuing a career in litigation. The class is divided into two law firms that litigate against each other in two cases - a tort case and a contract case. Each firm represents the plaintiff in one case and the defendant in the other. Students review and then practice the major steps in the pretrial litigation process including litigation planning, informal fact investigation, legal investigation, pleading, all facets of discovery, pretrial motions, and settlement strategy. [Course Name]

Output: Pretrial Practice


Input: [Number] 243 [Cr.] 2 [Description] The course explores the rapid development of the law governing the use and disclosure of personal and other information by government entities and private sector parties. The course also examines the emerging law regarding the obligation to protect information from misuse or access by unauthorized third parties and liability arising from such misuse or access. [Course Name]

Output: Privacy and Information Security Law


Input: [Number] 296 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Discusses the historical development of product liability as a branch of contracts, through express and implied warranties, and of torts, through abnormally dangerous activities, joint tortfeasors, and industry-wide liability. Students address the benefits and costs of such a system in economic and legal terms. Proposals for federal and state legislation are also considered. [Course Name]

Output: Products Liability


Input: [Number] 298 [Cr.] 2 [Description] A study of the activities and responsibilities of lawyers and their relationships with clients, the legal profession, the courts, and the public. Problems of professional responsibility are treated in several contexts, e.g., the lawyer's duty to the client, the provision of adequate legal services to all, and the reconciliation of the lawyer's obligations to the client with the demands of justice and the public interest. 2 credits. [Course Name]

Output: Professional Responsibility


Input: [Number] 299 [Cr.] 2 [Description] Focuses on the analysis of the persuasive value of evidence and the methods of constructing and improving inferential chains of proof. Topics include the analysis and synthesis of inference networks; consideration of the relationships of proof and probability; and the processes of generating and testing factual hypotheses. [Course Name]

Output: Proof