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[ "Why does adding just a single proton to an atom completely change its chemical and physical properties, and change it into a new element?" ]
[ false ]
[deleted]
[ "Nuclei are held together by the strong nuclear force. Not surprisingly, this force is strong, which is why it's so difficult to induce nuclear fission. The electrons have comparatively FAR greater freedom of movement and are comparatively FAR away from the nucleus, so much so that the vast majority of any atom is ...
[ "There are only four fundamental forces in the Standard Model of physics: the strong and weak nuclear forces, electromagnetism, and gravity. (Gluons are particles that carry the strong force, similar to how photons are excitations of the electromagnetic field.)", "The strong and weak forces are extremely short-ra...
[ "But what is it that makes electrons completely change all of a substance's properties?", "At an atomic level, what is so special about the electron that makes it do that?" ]
[ "If the Bohr model is wrong, why is it still used in educational science programs? Also how do electrons actually move around protons?" ]
[ false ]
Sorry for posting two questions although they are kind of related. I was watching on the Science Channel and they were talking about dancing blackholes and how their movement is very similar to that of electrons and protons. The show then proceeded to present a Bohr model of the atom with electrons orbiting a proton. From what i learned from chemistry is that the Bohr model is wrong and electrons do not orbit protons in that sense but can be anywhere within the electron cloud. If this is true why do so many educational programs still use it? Also after thinking about this i was wondering how exactly do electrons move about a proton since the program did say that dancing blackholes moved very similarly.
[ "It's not so much that the Bohr model is useless, it's just that we have a better, more refined model. A good science program teaches not just where we are today in science, but shows the evolution of the concept to put our current knowledge in context. Thus, chemistry usually begins with the Greek origins of the c...
[ "I just want to add that the evolution of the models of the atom is an extremely well documented and great model itself for how models are refined." ]
[ "I've always found the philosophy of science to be pretty fascinating. I hate the sensationalist viewpoint of \"Oh, this new discovery will disprove all of our current theories\". Science builds upon itself. New theories arise to reconcile limitations of existing theories. Einstein revolutionized our understanding ...
[ "Would it be possible for a spacecraft to communicate with earth from a distance of 3 light years away?" ]
[ false ]
I was reading that the Centauri AB system will reach its maximum approach to us of about 3.26 ly in about 28000 years, so I was wondering if it would be possible for us to send probes towards them and have information actually be sent back to us.
[ "It would take a strong transmitter and a large receiver, but this is absolutely possible. With current technology, I would speculate yes... but it is definitely possible as far as physics goes. The signals would still take 3.26 years to get back to earth." ]
[ "Generating 58 megawatts or even engineering a space reactor to can do this is definitely NOT possible with our current technology. Ignoring the massive cost of course.", "Its certainly possible is some fashion, but we don't know how. Our closest understanding of nuclear reactors in space is the now cancelled ",...
[ "I don't think that's correct" ]
[ "How massive can a rocky planet be?" ]
[ false ]
Is there an upper limit to how much mass a rocky planet can have? If so what happens beyond this limit?
[ "In addition to what ", "/u/dukesdj", " mentioned, we believe it ", " possible to have rocky planets quite a bit larger than the gas accretion threshold.", "The trick is that a gas giant ", " form, then migrates inwards towards its parent star to become a hot Jupiter. The resulting very high planetary tem...
[ "We expect that in the planet formation process that at roughly 5 times the mass of Earth the object should experience run away gas accretion (or at least try to). This is the region of mass we call a super-earth. Kepler-10c is ~7 times the mass of Earth. ", "In principle the limit would be when it collapses into...
[ "That does not occur until some time above 10 Jupiter masses. I have seen various estimates for this as low as 10 and as high as ~80. " ]
[ "If the earth's rotation were to slow down, would gravity be affected in any noticeable way if at all?" ]
[ false ]
We are reading a book in my English class in which the earth's rotation slows down to roughly 25 hours a day and the author claims that gravity would be stronger
[ "The force of ", " would remain the same. The ", " pulling us towards the center of the Earth would increase because the apparent centrifugal force is gone." ]
[ "The force of ", " would remain the same. The ", " pulling us towards the center of the Earth would increase because the apparent centrifugal force is gone." ]
[ "It would, but un-noticeably so. That's a general relativistic effect. Classically only \"actual\" mass gravitates, and classical physics can explain the recession of the Moon just fine. " ]
[ "What's the big deal with GMO food?" ]
[ false ]
So, I know that there's a big deal now with Monsanto and their genetically modified crops, but why is everyone raising a fuss as if GMO food is some sort of plague upon the earth? it seems to me that if we can genetically modify food crops or livestock to be better, or to reduce dependence on chemicals or other beneficial things, we have an imperative to do so. So what am I missing from the Anti-GMO people? is there strong scientific evidence that GMO food is bad or harmful in some way, or is it just people blowing hot air?
[ "There are five main areas as to why people are still against GM foods.", "1) Business practices- as mentioned below Monsanto have done more to damage the rep of GMOs than all the anti-GMO groups put together. :-/ They are far from ideal, and while not illegal as such, they could be considered immoral. That said,...
[ "GMO cross-pollinates with non-GMO, and then Monsanto sues farmers who's corn has been contaminated because they own the patent on their corn", "Not if the plant seeds are sterile, which they often are. ", "Non-diverse crops lead to the typical problems associated with having all your eggs in one basket.", "T...
[ "It is sensationalist articles like these that I would hope not to find on ", "/r/askscience", ".", "Monsanto's GMO Corn Linked To Organ Failure, Study Reveals", "This research behind this Huffington Post article showed mostly small variations in things like animal weight, organ size, and urine chemical con...
[ "How do emotions affect one's physical health, if at all?" ]
[ false ]
Consequences of certain emotions notwithstanding (e.g., feeling hopeless and engaging in self-mutilation).
[ "Emotional stress leads to elevated levels of cortisone, a stress related hormone, which inhibits your immune system to a degree.", "Earlier tonight I mentioned that some studies have shown that sudden severe emotional stress can be the \"straw that broke the camel's back\" in inciting a myocardial infarction. "...
[ "Emotions are caused (in part, I'm not too well versed on neurology) by neurotransmitters and other neurologically active compounds. These compounds don't exist solely for emotions, but have other purposes in the body. For example, serotonin (happiness) has interactions with ", "blood pressure", " and dopamine ...
[ "Linked to a degree, although most cases nowadays are known to be caused by ", ". Not all, to be sure." ]
[ "How possible is it for a solar system or systems to exist like depicted in the show 'Firefly'?" ]
[ false ]
As title suggests, in 'Firefly', there is a very complex and crowded solar system(s), with a main star in the middle, with other (I assume smaller) stars orbiting it. Additionally, there are also stars orbiting the secondary stars. All these stars have many planets and those planets have many moons. How likely is it, or is it even possible to have such a thing exist? Link for map/chart of said Firefly system:
[ "We have detected two star systems that have seven stars each - ", "Nu Scorpii", " and ", "AR Cassiopeiae", ", so this kind of thing is quite rare, but not at all impossible.", "The planets' orbits in that image are also fairly realistic, if you assume things aren't shown to scale. Usually, to have a stab...
[ "You can have something at L4 or L5, but there are some criteria. The \"central\" star must be at least 25 times more massive than its main companion. This is a bit of a problem, because the age of a star is proportional to its mass to the power of -2.5. So a star that's 25 times more massive will have a life-time ...
[ "While the potential orbits may be possible the habitability of the planets is not. Virtually every terrestrial world on the map is habitable, even if its well outside the habitable zone and should be nothing more than a ball of ice or a scorched rock. ", "Georgia and Red Sun sharing the same orbit for any substa...
[ "What is information in a cosmological sense?" ]
[ false ]
I see this mentioned in descriptions of physics how we don't say that "Nothing can move faster than light" we say that "Information can't travel faster than light" Isn't information a human construct? How does natural law define information?
[ "You are right, we do indeed say \"Information cannot travel faster than light\". ", "That usually comes up in connection to entanglement, where a measurement on one particle of an entangled pair has an instant (non-local) influence on the outcome of the measurement on the second particle.", "Sometimes, you wil...
[ "Yeah, nobody really says \"information can't travel blah blah whatever.\" At least, nobody who's being serious about it. That's lazy thinking, is what that is.", "I saw it not 10 minutes ago in the discussion of what science cannot ever discover, and it's happened enough I wanted to ask. I don't understand how y...
[ "Yeah, nobody really says \"information can't travel blah blah whatever.\" At least, nobody who's being serious about it. That's lazy thinking, is what that is.", "In physics, \"information\" means conserved quantum numbers." ]